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I • ■ " Ti l f i - —nni* r-H irTr« rw i fOi ii W 
 
 iii^-. 
 
 .-.FACTS AND 
 
 GURl 
 
 -'•^ 'i^'^^tmr-' 
 
 THE HIGHEST TESTIMONY. 
 
 What Lords DyffeHn, Lome and LaiisdowiKS^ scy 
 aSsout the CaiiatSissii Nc^Hhwest. 
 
 Convincing Comparisons of Cost of Wheat Production. 
 
 2B Cents 8 Bushel. 
 
 THE INDIAN PROBLEM DISCUSSED. 
 
 Compiled bv R. L. Ukhahdson. 
 
 F 
 
'■""^""'iST 
 
 XjXI./1IXEID. 
 
 The LiukIh rmervert lor selection by this (\imj>any huvo all bcoii careftilly inspect i^tl ami »r. 
 good Agricultural I^iiids. For snie, withont cultivation or setilemciu restiictioii a. I'rico JJsts cari 
 bp seen at- the ntticrrt oi tiic various apcnts. The Coinpaay's fh.iros, which are now at a cojibidci 
 able disconnt. arc accepted AT PA R in pajnient of landb. 
 
 Th'- Company offer Lots for naU: ii» al: Stations alon^ the tnain line of the Canadian Paciflc Hail 
 
 way, frdiii Brandon wost to British Cohnnbia. 
 
 MERCHANTS. MECHANICS, TRADESMEN, 
 
 And all who ititend niakjnp the'r homes in the ptoiarrer.Hivc Trade Centres of the Northwes; 
 ?luiuld consider the .loi antages of the railway towns and cities, with their eonvenienct; of ' 
 comm\iniiuui/n and prl>c!pl^cts of rapid Ki'owth and de\"elopmcnt. 
 
 MANAGING DIRKCTOK.S : 
 
 W, PEACOC/r EDWARDS, W. B. SCARTIi, 
 
 14- Castle Street. 624 Main Street. 
 
 CDlMiUriGH. KCOTl-AND. WINNll'KG. MAN. 
 
 Fanns I Hfiiiia ag Hortlwest (or Sale or to Lease 
 
 ON MOST FAVORABLE TERMS. 
 
 200,000 
 
 Acres of Choice, Rich Wheat 
 Land m the Qu' Appelle District 
 
 Fanns near Winnlpea and prlncipH) lownn in Manitoba for =ale. Monrif Loanrd to settlers 
 at lowest current vjtea r<> mmni in imrchasing land ut.d ."toek. For further infonnation write or 
 apply to 
 
 OSLER, HAMMOND & N ANTON, 
 
 Broto, Etc, 396 MaiB St., Winnipeg. 
 
 MANAOKKS, 
 
 North of Scotland Can. MortKase Co. 
 
 CKNKRAL AOKN'rS, 
 
 Ontario and Qu'Appelle Land Co. 
 
Canadian Piiciflc Rail 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 INTRODUCTORY. 
 
 With the object of diKnemJnatiuj niton. ntion oonceruiu;^" MauitoVia aud th»j Xortliwcst 
 
 I'erritorieHm the- Doininioa ol (Jiuada, that ahall not l>e nii»!eadinf» nmi cm be rolio , ujioq 
 
 us strictly accurr.iti;, this patnplilet is published for dietrih'it'.on apacially lu couueotion 
 
 ^ith th3 (Colonial iixhibiti_n, %t which the productB of Cinada aurt partiaalarly its north- 
 
 t-estern torritoriea, are 30 larjrly rcpreseutod. The i.ompiler in de^jily itnpresBed with the 
 
 ipsimbility of plaoiog before the people of '.real Britain and llurope facts which .:;ianot be 
 
 jaioaaid ; ho is iuxious that no fil»e impressions rej^arding tl'.w marvellous oapaMIifies of 
 
 Hie iJiitish American poaseftsionM may be lii'Tnsed, and he h further deairoiu; that the 
 
 itendiug immigrant may baconm; thoroughly lutjaaio'.cd with the re?Durce9of the country 
 
 fore deciding to etnbark for its shores. Nothioi; ha?, therefore, been selected for publi- 
 
 bacion in this pamphlet, but which be'irs* the impress of truth aud reality upon its face. 
 
 ''irst wili be louiid the speeches of the list tliree (^-ivernor'a-C^enoral of tht Doniinion of 
 
 iinada, each one delivered after it? author hud tnivere' d the country from end to eud, and 
 
 Imrnodiately after hia inspection of Manitoba and the Nnrthwe.vt Territories. The apeeohes 
 
 I'ere dpiivared in VVinnipaj^ the capital of the Province 01 Manitoba, des-ignated by the 
 
 lirl of Uatfiriu " tSid key stone of th*t mighty arch of sister provinaes which span the 
 
 pontineut from the x\tiautic to the Pacific." With the exception of political references 
 
 ?hich has-c no bearins on the capabilities of the country, the speeches are given verbatim : 
 
 EARL OF OUFFERSN'S SPEECH. 
 
 The first in1)rdor is the following speech by the Earl of Uuflferin now Viceroy of Itifiia, 
 
 but who wa.s the Hocoud GovernoiGenoral of Cmada .since th(5 confederation of its pru 
 
 ^i.ices was uccompliihed in lSt»7. Ine speech wasdelr/arod at a dej'v.jncr teudered to His 
 
 ixceilency by the citizens of Winnipeg upon the occasion of his return from a triumphal 
 
 jnr through the fertile territories lyifag to the west. 
 
 Mi , Lordfihip said : — * 
 
 All'. M'li/or, Yoitr Honor, Lndvt and Ocnt/frueic : In rising to express my ackuow- 
 
 Bdgement,«t to the citizens of Winniper,' for tiuu crf>wning the M-iondly rerepfcii-n I have 
 
 deceived throughout the length and breadth of Mani'.oba by so nobis an entertainment, I aa 
 
 ftainfuUy oppressed by the consideration of the inauy respects in whioh my thanks art due 
 
 K> vou, and to aci many other peraouB in the Province, From ui'v fi ^i' landing on your 
 
 jua;, s nutil the, present moment my progress througii the country lias been or.ci eoutinua) 
 
 Iciii^ht, nor has the slightest hitch or iacongruou.i incident marred the satisfafjtion of my 
 
 iLit. 1 have to thank you for 'he hospitalities i have enjoyed iit the hands of your indi- 
 
 idual citizens, m well as of a. mrltitude of independent commuuiues, for the taatetul and 
 
 Ingenious decoratio-ia which adorned my rout(>, for the (|iuirter of a mUe of evenly-yoked 
 
 S>xen tliac drew our triumphal car. [applauaej, for the uni\orsal proofs of yt)ur loyalty tfl 
 
 10 Throne and thu Mother Country, and for your pergonal goodwill towanis Her Majesty's 
 
 eprosentative. Above all, I iiavc to thank you fur the "videncos proiiucod on either hand 
 
 ^loni; our march of your prosperous condition, 01 your perfect ciutoutmeut, of your happy 
 
 (sonhdeuce in your future fortunes, — for I need not tell you that to anyone in my situation 
 
 bniiling oorufieldb', cosy homestead'", the J jyful faces of prosperous men and women, and 
 
 tlm laughter of healthy children, are the best of all triumphal decorations. |Ore»t 
 
 ipiiiauael, But there are other things for Mhich I ought to be obliged to you, and not the 
 
 (c:-rtt for the beautiful weather you have taken the precaution to provide us with during 
 
 uesiv -weeks of perpetual camping out, for which attcul\^r.i f have received J/idy Duffer 
 
 In -». special orders to render ;, ou her personal thanks — an attention which the unusual 
 
 jhenomeuon of a casual water spout enabled us onlv the bettor to appreciate. From its 
 
 ^eoirraphioal position, and its jiucrliar chrtracteristicf, Manitoba miy .i> regarded as the 
 
 ieysUmc: of that mighty arch of sister provinces which apans the ciitire continent from the 
 
 [Atlantic to the Pacific, f^ Loud cheering]. It was here that '. Canada, emerging from hev 
 
 Kvoods and lorests, first gtized upon iier roiling prairies aud uuexpiored Northwest, Mid 
 
leKnt by an uuexneoted r«vf>Vktiou that her hUtorioiil territories of the CwiiHaB, hor eant 
 orn Beaboar<ls of Nrw UruDsv lok, Labradc, Nova rtcotin, her Liuionliau likluis ^wi val'oys 
 •ornlva.ls aad piistiirod, tli.i j;;i tlicmselvoti more oxtfiiitjivd than half v dof.tx kiujjiioms |tre 
 Mua<iouh applaudo I were but thu veatihrlea and antoohumbfrs to th i1;, till tUtsn, undroumt 
 •f DominioD, whoso iUimitahlo ilimousiunii li'ikt) ooDfound tbfai il'-.inotji! of tlo s uvoyor and 
 tlae verificatior. of the explorer. | Continued applause ]. It wqh houce that, ooiintin[j h-jr 
 *ohieToment9Hflbut Ihu pr.Maoe and proluflo to h>jv fiture exerl;io;iH!iuiI expmdiiig dintinieH 
 •he tooli a CreMh departure, rooeivcd the nfll vtns It a inon- Imjjrtriul inapiration, and felt 
 hei'^i''f lU) lonjior a hut" sottler hIodk t,|uj baik» ci! ;i ein^lo river, but thu owufir of half a 
 •oiitinent. and, ii' tho amp'utudi) ot tier poHJio sion, 111 tin, v/ealth of iier re.soiucs, in the 
 ■inpws of her matnrial rr'i;,'!U, the nt?pr of r.jy pouor on the <;\ th. [tireat ohofniij,'). , In a 
 loeuntly romarkabh- witcy ip"t)on tho Mur'tuts of Suiisbury alluded to tho geojfiuphii'al mi» 
 touceptionsofteti enj^tjiidtTi'il l)y tlu' siinlliiOHS ol tho maps upon which the li;.;ure of the 
 world JH dfipicl'vi. To thin oaiiae is probably tc bi; atUibntod thr. inadcfjuate idea enter 
 taitied hy the li.!>tt oduoatt^d pf^aons ■rA tlic extent r,f Ifor M;ij inty's Noith Ainurieaii poeseE 
 si'jiiH. P irhaps thii b'i'it way of oi>rfOtiD>; 'U''h a iini oriial misipprolnmaion would be by a 
 aiimmtry of ;,he rivprs whioh *! )W tliroagh lem. for we kiiovv that a i poor niau cannot 
 atf'ird to lire i'l I bi',' hom- H> a 8!»iall coi: y caai'.oL Hupport a bij; river. [Applaint- j. 
 ffi»w to i a Kiml'SiiiD'ni or a I'Venchniiii tb overr; or thf ThrtmHs. the Same or tlui Rhone, 
 would Rpp:ar coiigiilcr.vhlo screams, but in tiie Ottawa, a tii<;i.' ..lliucnt of the St. 'jawroDue 
 an ^fflu.iit, morcovtir, w)ii;;hreaoho» the parent atrcani six hursdred m:\vA [/oin itH mouth, 
 wj hi"H a river four hnndrfid ami dfty mi'.os loa^ and fou,* tiinea as bia an any of them ; 
 but evon aftrti- bavi'^'T aaoended the.Si,. I.iwrencf! itsoli 'o Like Onti\i;io, and pursued its 
 oairaa jicrna.s T^ake iluron, i.ho Niagara, i,ho St. Clait, and Lake Supenor to Tliuader lUy, 
 a distari'^.i or one thousafid five bun.ir. 1 mile?, vvliori' are we.-" la thu eh'.iniatiou of the 
 1^/rson wno has inadj the journey, at th*^ dud of all thiuKs, i lau^thtor, | imt to iih wlio ku»w 
 better, aoaroely at the oommo.nosmont of tho i.;reat lluvial Hysboins oi the Do.aiDJon ; for 
 from thkt spii*", that h to rf'iy fr»m Thunder !>ay, wc aio, able tiJ ahip our aatonii^hod travel- 
 ler oil Lii til? Kviniuifitiqui.-'., a river BO'.n--' humln-.d .iiilca i'ln;;. Tho'cico ai'iio-st in a straijjhi. 
 Knfl we l.iuii!/;! him on to L ike Sht'b.mdow an and liiiny LiUc and vivcr— ^^hoae proper 
 B'Attia by tin; way u "R?ne," after tho ma'i who dii.^ovcfeil it — a inagnitioent streaw three 
 huud.red yards broad and a couple of hundred miles long, ('.iwn whoae trniujuil bosom he 
 li/atfl into the Lake of tho Woods, whfiie he litids biunelf o-i a shuot of water whioh, 
 though 'liminutive as compared witii the inl;«od seas w!ueh ho iias U f c liilund him, «will 
 probably bi found siilli'dHutly o.vtunsive to render hitn friarJuliy beasick [loud laufjhterj 
 «lttrini» hid poBsaye across it. I'or the last eii^hty milcd of his voyaj^o, howtver he will be 
 ough a ijuoctrsiwion of I'.ud locked chaai-els, the br.ai. ^ of whwse 
 rhilo it ro3t;inbloH, oertaimy excela the far fmu'd Ttioii.sand Islands of the St. 
 fawreno . I'lroat applause], l-roin this lac"Ttriue p. .'aiii^a "f sylvan beauty we ara able 
 at ouce to traDSif'>r our friendto the Winnipeg, a river who.se oxijteuci? in the very iioiirtof 
 tl»>* continent ix in itself oue of N'-iciirti's mont fxlra ordinary miracles, [ajplause, J so beauti 
 £iil and varii.d ar'i its ronky Oanlta, its tufted islands, so i)road, so deep, so fervid lathe 
 ▼oliims of its waters, tho extent I'f its Idkciike e.-ip laiiona, and the tremendous power of 
 i*8 rapids. [Loud cheerinff. 1 .vt last lot imauopo.se th.at we have landed our tj-aveiltr at 
 tfce town of VV'iuuipe;.;, tho h.ilf way houKc ol the or/Mrinont, the oapical of ti)e prairie pro 
 »iooe, »nd I trncit tlie future ''umbilifiua" of the Dominion. ILonp continued applause]. 
 Rjivinc had so inuc}\'of water, havinj^ now reached the ijumo of the buflalo, like tho exten- 
 uated ''"alstalf, he nritumlly "babbles of ,<Treen-iJelds," [Ihui^hter aad cheers], and careers ia 
 ■mgiuationover tl, prim^'val f;rasiea of the prairie. Not at all. Eaoorted by Mr. May»r 
 aad his town coun.-U wo take him. down to your tpiay and aak him which he wil! ascend 
 ii-aC the Rod rivar or the Assiuiboine, two Btr -atil'j, the one live hundred miles long the 
 •fcher lour hundred and eij^hty. whiciu iio happily mingle tlioir waters within vour eity 
 UMits. [Cheerin;i|. .After ;:;ivinf{ Ijim a nveliminary cai.ter up thuRe respective rivers w« 
 teke him off to Lal;e Winnipeg, an inland .sea three hundred ndlcs long and upwards oi 
 aixty broafj, durms; the na^'ii^ation of which for !'iar_, a weary hour ho will find htiii3(df •ut 
 ol sight of land, &ud proi.'ably a (food deal more seasick than ever he was on tho Ath utic, 
 ft ond la'ightet j At lini northwest a)';,;!..- uf Lake ^Vi;iaipe;^ he hits upon the moulh of 
 tJli9 .Sii«i»;tLv;ii>.v**n, the yatRway and hi^h -oad to the Northwest, and the starting poiat to 
 aooth or fifteen hundred miles of navigab'« water, flowing nearly due east between its 
 alluvial banks, [Groat applause ]. Havincr now reached tha foot of the Rocky ilounuaias 
 OMr "ancient mariner,' tor hy this timo he M'ill bo quite entith i to such an appella- 
 tion, jlaaj^hter), knowing ^i)at water cannot run up hill, feels certain his aquatii; rxpor- 
 ieoces are concluded Ho was never more mistaken, [Laughter,] Wo immediately 
 lawnoh him on the Athabaska and Mackenzie rivers, and start him on a longer tri;i ikan 
 any ho baa yet undertaken, tlie navigation cf tiie Maokriizie river alone eAcridiug tw» 
 thousand five hnudred miles If he s'iryives this last experience [Ip'isi'i.^ 1 w« wind «p 
 hi" prregrinationa by a conoluding voyage of one thousand foar hundred miles down tke 
 I'Va-.er, or If he prefers it the Thompson river to Victoria, in Vancon" sr, vvhenee, having 
 prevsoufily provided him with a return ticket for that purpohe, ho '?id probably prefer 
 
 oon:«oled by yaUmg 
 aopiiery, 
 
3 
 
 » longer t\\;, tkon 
 
 gtitt'.iig fi'uro v!i the f;»nAliiin Pacitia. Now in ihu. enumeration, thoiic who aro 
 io^niiatfd with th« country are uwaro tli^t lor tho muko of brevity 1 itavo omitted thou- 
 w'iDdR ut mllee of other liliiv^ aad riveia, which watem varimu rogionsi of the Northweat, 
 tio Qi'Aiipelle river, the Hi»lly rivor, Laitfi M.initoba, I/t ^ i Wiuiiopugoouif, Shoal Lilta, 
 ate, etc. , along whos<i h;uikH I might have lira^j^ed nwi liaaliy axtermiiuted our way- 
 w urn guest, | laughter,) but the aiietoh 1 havi' (,ivou in i.i )ro thai) «ujiii;ionttor tny puipoae, 
 ann ▼/iii»iu it ia fuit' ".i »e iiomlnTtd iluit the most of tticno atre una dow ior their t;utire 
 I'oopth thonifh alluvial pLiirm of Ihf; .i;^hoH!; JeHoriptica, whore year attor year wheat uaii 
 ht- ruiHci without maiiure, oi any iv^nai'tb diiaiiiution in its yii-lu, mhI wticie the iioil 
 every wh;!-; proiMtitrt the .ipjv,..irdiv;e of a highly '^ultivritid suburb »u kUvhtu (»ardeti in 
 itTgliioii, enough ii.in l^xiu luid to display tlie ftK'''>'"''>''"'*' riohaes!) of tlio territurioii 1 
 v.;feri:^d to, und the cipibilisies thuy p.is3(>as o; uU'jrditi^ '• *PPy -^ud in'ospfirouH homcH lo 
 aUlicns of thu huinan lii'iu. [ Otafcniug jippUusf. ] Hit in coMt'Mupbitiiif; thu visit thus 
 opaneJ to our imuiif^r.itiou v\'e must not forijot that thure I'BBUPh a (.orresponling expiin- 
 »iou of oil ol)hV':itio:i!<. For iuatauje, unletts t?t<;at onre ii oaken, w\' shall find ..h wa move 
 WkwiWArda. that the exi^encipy of c vilizition nay '^pnli iDJiirioi;sly with the prejudi.joa 
 .tiid traditional huhit'.- of our ludiaa ftdlon nuhjt'CtH, [':ear, hf.ar. As Ions; as Canada was 
 )• the woodfi the ludiau p..: fiblem waa ediiiparuiively eufiy; ill" pro^fe«9 of settlement A..a 
 id»K ^riouRh to (j;ive a;!i;)!e tiiuc ami op.'iui tunity for arriving at aa amicable ami rautuaiiy 
 9«aTniiient arrari^ ;iTn.'Ht wit i oaoh tribe with whoiu m?o bui;ce88i«ely cHnie ioto couta^t 
 k^t cacB out ii_v,)q the liiia coliniz'ttiun willa Ivauoe with far more rapid and ungovrr- 
 aabie strides, uid it r. »'.'iot fail t-vaiitaully to interior^ with the by uo tncans inexhaoasi- 
 bJa BUT'ply of htitl'ilo upon which so many of tli' Itiliau trihi! are now dependant. Against 
 tiiid coijtingeuoy it ftill be our nnsb urgont and iinpred<iive duty to trdto tirnc'y pct-oautious 
 by enal'liag the red nsau not by any undue prosauio, or haaty or illconaidtted iutcrfsienci' 
 hu' bv j'ii'copt, tx;<rnple, and anaeion, i^y j^ifta of oaltie and oilier en^'ouvag. ments, to 
 i!Kalmr,go the preoarioun life of a hunter tor that of a jiastoral and evi'iituaHy t^iat of an 
 agricultural pjuple. 1 Hoai, hear and applau-iel. Huppily iu no jiav:. of JUr Mhjdsty'd 
 «l»ittirii(!iH are the relations (.•visi'ujg hctwei-n th^, wnite seitlor aud toe original i-.ativeii and 
 ■ast'irs ot the 'and ho well understood or bo >.',e'iOiouRiy intorpiotod aa lu Canadri, and as 
 a c»n>M!'i' 11(0. inutcad of hein;,' a cuvitc of anxiety and diMtuii);i.rxe, toe Indian tiibes of the 
 •omiuisju .irc regarded as a vjluahio adjunct to our streix^th and induyl;v. ^\''herever I 
 kr.rc pono in the I'loviuee —md fiinee I luive been hero 1 have travelled nearly a thcuband 
 ■lilos vvjthln you borders— 1 have found the Indiauii upon their sevctal reserves, pceter- 
 
 • •Stiuj, a few jietty grievances ol a local chnr.'icttr they thonght them.-ciTes justifi. ''. ui pre 
 f^Tinjir, contented and uat.)«lifld,upon the mo'ilfrieivdiy torma withtlieir ^vl.ite ueighburH.j.ud 
 
 • ndpdcity confiding in the good faith and paternal «oU'jituuo of tiie Goverumeut. 
 
 ! Appliuso. I In soma diatrictB 1 have Irarat witli pleasure that the Sioux, v/ho some years 
 »ia«e entered our territory uivlur au(;h sinister ciroumjtanoca— f dj not of course refer to 
 aJi!- . vi'cnt visit of SitLiat; Bull and, his people j laughter] are m-t "uly p'.'rfootiy peaceable 
 a««i weU behaved ' ut ti;u'e turned into useiul a'i<l hardworking laoorf-.ra and harvestmen, 
 Ihfar, lieari while in the mo.'O distant S3ttlenien!/'j the h-sa domesticated bauds of natives 
 wWother liuatwr8,voyagour«, guides, purveyors (d (V;r fuis and ^ain'j, prove au appreciably 
 a!«lvantageouii elemou: in the econoiiiical structure of the colony. [Applause. I There is no 
 (i»nbt that a great deal of the jfoorl letdmg thus aubhti itifg among the red fuon and oui 
 s«lTe8 iu di;e to the i: llucuce ami inf'jrposition of that invaluable c iaaa of nun the 
 kalf -breed •: Itlorw and pioneers of Manitoba [tri,tiit.>udoua applauet] who, coudiiuiug aa 
 they do the hardihood, the enduraace ami love of tnterpriso generated by the atriia of 
 Indian blood iu their v?iti«, with tiie oivilizition, tha intnrucaon and the intelleotual 
 jietrer derived from their lather. -^ have preached tht; gospel of pcaue and goodwill, aud 
 Mmtuft) reapcut, with equally beneficent results, to tiie Indian chief tiau in hie lodge, and 
 the British aettler in his scanty. [Renewed applauej. ) They have boon the anibas»ftdori» 
 dietweeu the East and the West, tlie interperto.ra of civilization, and its evigencies, to the 
 iwellera on the prairie, as well as the exponeuta to the white man of the eousideratioa 
 }«atly due to the susceptibilities, the sensitive soltTcspeot, the prcjudicey, tlie innato 
 or&vicig for juiitice of the Imiian race, [Coatiuued applauHO j In fact, they b^vt done for 
 t^e colony what otherwise would havt been icfc unacooniplished, aud 1. ivt intr'iJucei 
 between the white p.jpulation aud the rod man a traditional feeling of amity and fn-ndskip 
 which, hut for them, it might have been impossible to e-itablish. [Cheers.] Nor cau I 
 pMQ by the humane, kindly aod considerate attention, which has ever dittlnyuishod the 
 ■odson's Bay Company in its dealiugp with the uativ^e population, [\pi)laus_'.l But 
 ifeeugh giving uredit to tfiose fortunate inflnencei aiaougstthe causcu that are conducing tn 
 prodnoe and preserve the happy result, the placo of honor must h/i adjudged to that hoa-, 
 arable and generous policy which has been pursued by etocessive Go-ornments o! < -nada 
 Iwwarda the Indiaa, which at this moment i.i being superintended and jarried ouo v*?itk eo 
 much tact, discretion, aud ability by your present Lieut. Govermr, [olieern] cderwhiih 
 the extinction of the Indian title upon liberal terma uas invariably been recognized a* a 
 necessary preliminary to the oocnpation of a single squero yard of nativf. *orrit€ry. But 
 «UT Indian friends aad neighbors aie by no means the obly alien eooimunities in Ma^itobft 
 
which demmd the ■oHoitudt of the (/overnmeufe and e.xrito our »ytnpathiea lud curiosity 
 in close proximity to Winnipoji;, two otlier comniuuitie«, the M«tiHonitr« and (cnliuden, 
 fltartiDK tiotn opposkte t-ndB of I' tropy, without oithur eoro-it or uomiiitiuitiatioii, hiivt 
 Houj<ht fresh honiem within uur ti.rltory: the one ol KuMiun udtioiulity, though (ii-i in u. 
 r»co, movod by u iltm.-f- to >«aoape fijiii iho oblif^atiuuM (jt Imv whiuh was ropuiaivp. to their 
 uonBciuuoe. the othur brnd aa^id the hiiowb and uslii-b ,1 mi amtio voloauo, by the hopy o[ 
 bettering; •.heir jnaterial corJitioii Although I h vvti witnosBed ii»!vny eii^htn ty oauae mt 
 plsasuro tiiriug tuy various ptoj;[re«H through the Ojiniuion, fleldoi/i huvn 1 h«hel<i any 
 apectacle more prevjnant with prophicy, more fought with the proiuHf of un ui.toiii«hi(i>{ 
 future tiiau the -MouDoaite bottlmaciit, [(Irtat applause. J \N'l',nn 1 viuitml thosr: iutoresl- 
 iiig pcuplu they had ouiy beou two years in the I'rivinoe, and yet iu a loii^ lido J tool. 
 acrods tho prairie, wbioli !)iit yesterday was absolutely har,-, doBolato and uivteniuiteii, tho 
 home of the wnit, thu badpor, lud the eaxle, 1 pasied vilinge aUor village, hoiUL';i.uud 
 after homcHtcid, furni:<hfld \vith all the i,caveuion>.eM and iu idositH of lanopeau comfort, 
 and a •lientific iij,'rIi;uUuro, whiU on either side '\w road odrniuild) already ripe for bar 
 vest, auii pastil re^ populoan >/ith henls of cattle, itretchnd aw..y to thi> horizon, [dreat 
 cheeiiMK, I Iv.ou on thio coDliuent, the peculiar the.ttf; vf r.ipid ehangu und progrtas, 
 there Iiu8 nowhere, 1 ima>{inc, taken nlace 8o inaivfiloua a transformation, [roucwtd oheeraj 
 and yot ui your name and lu tlie name of the ti>ueeu ol Kugland I baUe t'lceo people wel- 
 come to thttr new homca, it was not the iMipvoveinont in their niateria! fortunes that 
 pieOi-cupied my thouijht.'^. Ulad a& I was to have thi power of appioitint; tliera bO ample 
 a porlifia of our teeming soil, which seems to blossom it ■.. toneh, jciutiriio-ii applause* 
 and which they wer.- I'dtivait! jj to such mauiteat advantr.ge, 1 felt intinitely prouder in 
 being .il»le to throw over then, the ae(,'ia"o' the Britiah ooi>stitution ]loi.id cheering j, and iu 
 bidding theii; ^re^ ly share with ua our uo'.iv.illcd politieial in'^titutionH, our untrammelled 
 personal liberty. [Renewed oheera, | We ouraolven arc ao aeeustomod to h:eith the 
 atmosphere of freedom that it Kearoely ocouis to eonsider and appreciate our advantages m 
 this reiipect, It is only when wi -re remin^'ed i)y suoh ineidouls ui th.it to which i refer, 
 ol tho amall extent of the world 8 surface over which tho priuciple.<i cf jyoruamentai} gov 
 ernmeut can be said to work amoothly and harn 'idoufily, that we are lei to eonsider the 
 exceptional happiaesa of our positien. [Hear, hear, t Nor wai my viiit to the Icelaudie 
 comnmuitv leas aatiiifaotory tnan that to our Mennonitc fellow-flnbjeotH, From accidental 
 eiroiimatanoea 1 have been long led tc tiike au inter3'<t in tho history anci literature of th<, 
 ScanLUhavian ra-^e, and the kiudncas T ouce expcri' neeil at the hauda of the Icelandic peo- 
 ple in their own isiuiid naturally induceil me to take a deep interest i;i the well-fare of 
 this now immigrauon. 'Applause.) \V hen we take into account the Bccinded position ol 
 tne Icelavidic nation for the last thousand years, the unfavorable condition of their climatic 
 and geographical aituation, it wuM Id not be unreanonable to cxpeof th.it a eoiony from 
 theneo should eshi'irdt the aame aptitude for c^r'cultiu'ai enterpriu'. and settlement au 
 would be poeacaaed by a people freah from intimate contaetwith the higher civilization of 
 Kurope. Ir. Iceland there are neitlier tre<-3, nor cornfields, nc>r highways. N ou cannot 
 therefore < <pect an Icelander to exhibit an inspired profiuiency in felling trees, ploughing 
 land, or making roads, yet uufor;;unately they are tho three a'.;'jompli9hn>euts moat ncoes 
 sary to a colonist in Canada, liat though starting at a disadvantage in these respects, you 
 must not undurato the capacity of your new fellow-cuiintiyKion. i Key aie cadowned with 
 a great ueal ol intelleotual ability, and a qoick iulelligenei. They are wcil educated. 1 
 scarcely entered a hovel atGimii which liid uet posses n library. They are v/oll i;onducted 
 religieu.s and pea<.eable. Above all things they are doc c and anxious to learn. [ApplauRnj 
 Nor, cjUHidering tho difficulty wnich prevails in thi.-< coautry in procuring woinon scrvantB 
 will the aoeesaiun of sem'3 hundiL-(]a of bright, good-humored, though perhaps awkward, 
 y'ct willinrj, Icelamln girls, auxiotib for employment, be found a diaadvantage by the resi- 
 dent ladies of the cuuiitry. ' Llottr, hear. ' ShonUi the dii^persion of thc.-je youn^ people 
 lead ii: course of time to tne iurmation ot more iutimuie and tendeser tic.-f than those of 
 more neighborhood between the Camulian and the Icelandi.) colony, 1 am sale iu predicting 
 that i!i will not ]irovti ;v nntter of regret on the one side or the other. if.aughter and 
 applauac. J And gentlemen, in reference to this pi.int, 1. cannot help » ('marking y,'ith. 8.atie 
 faction the extent t-y whicl^ a cwimnunity of intei-i-ats, the sense of bein;^ engaged in a com- 
 mon nudt staking the obvious degrao in which the prosperity of any one man is a grain to 
 hia neighbors, has amalgamated the varions seetioufi of the population or this Province, 
 originally ao diverse in race, origin and religion, into .a patriotic, closely wedded and 
 united whole. | Applause and cheering, j In no part of Canada have 1 found a better 
 fe<;Hng between all classes and sections of the comn- unity. (Cheers.! It is iu a groat 
 measure owing to this wi(Je?*pread sentiment of broti erhood that on a recent occasion great 
 troubles hnv.j been averted, while in the present moment it is Ending .ts crowning and 
 triumphant expression in the establishment of a University under the cmditions which 
 have been found impossible of application in any other rrovince of C anada- I may say in 
 any olhcr country in the world — for nowhere else, either in Europe or on the continent, 
 as far as I am aware, have the bishop and headj of the various religious communities into 
 whicn the Christian world is sounhitppily dividei', combined to erect an alma mater tc 
 
'hi«i uud curioaity 
 e« and Icfll.toden, 
 mnuiuicatioii, havt 
 V, though I, iMiitu. 
 I rcpulajvf. to their 
 uo, iiy the bopu of 
 light^ to uaiiae me 
 iftvi; J boheid any 
 
 of un uhtoniKhiiig 
 tt!<l tho«(: iutoreet- 
 
 loiiK lido J tool. 
 >d uutenttnteil, tho 
 i'illigt', hoiiKa.oad 
 huinpoau cimfort, 
 ruad^ lipt i,jr bar 
 K horizon, [dreat 
 njic liud i»'ogrtBS, 
 , [reuowtd choersj 
 
 t'leso peopU) wel- 
 |ria! fortuuos that 
 ijj!,' them ho ample 
 <utiriu<<; applaime' 
 tiuitoly prouder iu 
 1 cheeriugi, aud iu 
 
 our untrainniflied 
 lod to h;eith the 
 
 our udvaiitageu is 
 t to which i refer; 
 a.niamentai} gov 
 ■J to toflsidor the 
 
 to tho Iceluudie 
 
 Krom accidental 
 
 cl literature of tbt, 
 
 the Icelandic p«c- 
 
 1 iho woli-tare ol 
 uJiidod position oi 
 
 2 of their tlimatic 
 ..t a coiony frona 
 net settlement ao 
 her civili/aMoii of 
 yn. V ou cannot 
 
 treea, ploujfhing 
 eiits nioat nccesi 
 uise respects, you 
 ladowned with 
 oil educated. 1 
 •e v/oll conducted 
 earn. [Applaupo| 
 
 women servantB 
 erbaps awk-,vard, 
 itugc by tht: resi- 
 •Jk' young people 
 i^ thau those of 
 iiiic iu predicting 
 ILau^'hter and 
 rking with satie 
 ngaged m a com- 
 an is a grain to 
 this Province, 
 elywedded and 
 
 found a better 
 It is iu a p;roat 
 ut occasion great 
 a crowniu£5 and 
 luditions which 
 k- 1 may say in 
 ii the continent, 
 ommunitiea into 
 b aliiirt mater U 
 
 !! 
 
 which all tho doiu^iuinatlouol ool1«goa of tho (Vovlr.ce nru to hoalU'iUr.d i<iT,->t ip^dmsit], 
 and whooo statutes uid drgreea aro to b« rfl);(ulatnd niiu di'ip<nt>:-i under tiii> joint aonpicee 
 n[ II fi;overiii>{ bodVi in which all tho cimrohoi of tho land aIII bf v«i.rotH;iited. An achiov" 
 ir«'ut of this kind upoaks volumes in fa.'or of Hie wlfcdom, tilorality aj:d tnn ( .'hristiaii 
 charity of thtao devoted ?nrn by whom, in this listant laml, tho oon»iijifn«;(>« of thf ]inpula- 
 J^tion are li'daud <'«!iL'litened : and long may I ly \m wparotl to vw tho eiJbci of their 
 pKortions and maunauiinom saorifico* in Ihfi kfooi' conduct md j/ratcful d>>votlon of their 
 respective tlaclvB. ll.uiul upplnuse. j >' r, I ; m. happy to think, io this j;ood fcUowship 
 npoii which I have ao much cause to omgrntulatn you, confined citlior wttbin tin- limit of 
 the I'loviripo ov oven within th^s*' of the IJouiiiiiou. Kotl.iiifl[ otruck nrj more en my way 
 tfiC'Ujjh St. Taul, in tlio Uoit«jd St ikes, than tho Hympathetio matnt • in which iuc iuhnl- 
 itant.i ('f that, llouriahinjj city alluded to thi- f.vo;;rcHs ;)nd proi-pect.i of C.inada and tlio 
 NDrthwest, I groat applause] ^nd oii aniviu;^ here I was ctjually «trucic by iiadinf* ovon a 
 iiioie f x'lbcrant counterpart of those friendly seiitkinontH. | llenewod npiiiann". | The roa. 
 .';on id not (at to sock. Quite iudi pendoritly of the geni il intercmirse promoted by neigh- 
 borhood, and the intorj^rowth of comuiertnal rolntiors, a bond of <iympafhy between the 
 two populatioiiH is creatiul by tho oonsciou«ne3B that they aro both enj<aped in uo enter- 
 prise oi worldwide importauci', that they are loth orgBiii/.e<l corps in tho ranks of liamaa 
 Ity, and the. wugs of a greut army, ii.an hin>{ in line on a level front, tliat they are both 
 engaged in advancing tbe st.indard of civilization Mcstwa'ds lap,pl.iiii<f ], that for many a 
 year to come they will be iHMocivted in the tu«k <;f convertiug tho breadths of prairie that 
 stretr.h between them and tl'.e setting sun into one vaci p;ir;uli»ie of Intern'tlional peace, of 
 aoivostie happiueEH, aud mate rial pl'nty. IV^tw-u n two ccminunities thus ooor.picd it is 
 impOBsilile but thut amity and loviuj;' kindnes« should te boj^ottpu [Appliuse. \ Hut per- 
 hapf?it«ill be u'ked how can J, who am the natuvvl and /iluial guaruian of ('analai 
 virtna, mark with satisfaction tiich rlaugeroiisly seiitinicntal i-,rooUvitieB tow;irda her ■cduc- 
 tive neighbor I 1 will reply by appeuliug tothoso e.vperienced msttrons and ehapcronoM i 
 gee around me. They will tell you that when a young lady expressc* her fianK admira- 
 tion for a man, v,\\va sbo welcoines his .ippronoh with uncoiifltraiued pleasure, crossea tho 
 room to sit down beside him, pressew him to join lier picnic, praises turn to h>!r friends, 
 there is not the slightest fear of her adVotions beini,' f.'utroj'ppd by tho gay deceiver. 
 i'Great laughter, I On the contrary, it is when fiho can tearccly bo brr.u(.;ht to mention his 
 name -[''enewed la'ighter] — when ahe avoidd !,ia nfieioly, wlien she alludes to him with 
 malice iind disparagement, that real daiigei \i to be apprehended. llproariouB lauglitcr 
 and (ijiplauati. ] \o, uo, ("anada both ioves a»ul admires tlie Iniued States, but it is with 
 the friendly, frank clFectiou vvldeh a heartwhole utately n;:>idcn feels for some bi:;, bois- 
 terous, hobbldlchoy of a cou.iin, fresh from school, and elite with anitual spirits and good 
 nature. [Langhter. | 3hc k"Owa he is strccger and mo. muscular than horseJf, lias lota 
 of pocket money, can smoke cigars, and loaf around in public places in an ostentatious 
 aianticr lorbidden to the decorum of her situatici.. She adnnrea Idm for his bi^fncss and 
 strength aud prosptrty, suo lil.ea to hear of his punching the heads of r I'-er boys, jrenewed 
 laugbterj, ahc unticipatPH and will be proud pf hi.s futuf; eulcjvp in ll?e, and l',*h likes 
 bim and laugh,'^^ at hiir for hia aiTectiouate, loyal thoufh oov.iewhat patroniziLig fiieadship 
 I'for lierseif li'oars of lttugh*:erl, but of no"'nearer connection does she dream, nor does hi-; 
 bulky imago for a monu-nt liiuturb her virgiu.xl meditatioup. In a world apart, so duded 
 from all extraneous iill (onccR nestling at the feet of her aiaj'stio inotiic<, (!anada dreams 
 hur dream, and forbodjH her destiny — a dream of ever droadenin^ harvcbts, ninltiplying 
 towns and villages, and expanding pastures ; of constitutional self-governmenl, and a 
 confederated Kmjjiro ; of jiago after page of honorable hi.Htrry, added as licr contribution 
 to the annals of the i mther t.i;urtry, Jmd to the glories of the liiitieh race 'trcmeudnus 
 appIau.Hei, ct a perpetuation for all time upon this i .ntinent rf that temperate and well- 
 balanced aystf-m of n.ouaicidcal governnieut, which comtunes in one mighty wlir.le as tho 
 eternal poesesaion of ail Englishmen, the brilliant history an 1 traditions of tho past, with 
 the freest aud most untranimellcd liberty of action in tlio future, |T,oug continued 
 appiduae and checis.J 
 
 MARQUSS OF LORNE'S SPEECH. 
 
 To no (TOveruoiOeneral of Canada are ( anadians moio deeply indebted th;ia to tho 
 
 "Marquis of Lome, During his term of otiice he lost no opportunity of acqU;»intiug himself 
 
 with the r.'BOurces ef the r>ominion and spreading abroad the infcnr.ation he had collected 
 
 for the bonctit of the colony. Nor has the worthy Lord relaxed hi;i t.'^brta in this direction 
 
 [ ainco the expiration of his term as Governor-General. He has never lost an cj portunity of 
 
 t#lliDg the truth about the I'cminion and pointing out for the benefit of intending immi- 
 
 I : grants the advantages to be secured by choosiug their new homes in Canada, where it is 
 
 i»:knowled^cd better agricultual advantages or freer luBtituticus exist, than in any country 
 
( 
 
 now •▼ftlloblo for Hhttlcnicnt. l'ioV*biy no iPmi! in better known In th.- Britith ThtM than 
 thftt ol Ar^jyle, to thai tco tratU'tl«mii of tUo frmily, I»>ing aiile the p«r»on»I worlii of tbc 
 MAnjiiis of liOrne, ar« miiiiclent guar^nton Utt tb»! octifHcy o! >»nv aUtumenttt the talintnu 
 oobb'i.jan may n»ve in»(i.. Thn tostimoi'y of Mifl Moi ^uia cannot be hotter glv» n than in bi/ 
 own woria, when ftt VViiu»Jp«g </n th« lOth of '5:f.ib')i, !ssl, .ifLot having tr.iver'otl tin- 
 oonntry ttotn the Atltntio to the I'doiflo, travelhng ncirly two tho'naml milet of the com. 
 try on a buckboanl. he mad" thi sjiti'rb which tollowa bciow 1 \'t< cooo«ion wan a banquet 
 tenilered to him by tht Manitoba ohib on tho o^wulon )f hi* letiirn Mom hix ji uruey otit 
 the Kreat fcrtiln prajiie oou'-iiry cxtenfliujr from Winnipeg woit co th« Kooky MouutnlaJi. 
 It nilRbt b; muutioncii that hin ll'yal wifi, thu l'riu;c«a i<oni»<», «a« prevented froi* 
 nocompanyiTttj him on U'-* jouiucy byar nDfortiinatti accident ^via, h j.ourrod u short tlrno 
 pri vloiieto l<i9 Kxccllenoy'i tour, and to which lih, I oniehip n;i>n». 
 
 Mill l/jrd.-.hip Hnid :— 
 
 Ml: ("UAIKMAN AM' (iHNTLKMKN.- -1 bog to thank yoii most 1 rdially for th" picaflanl 
 itioei'tion you .'lavo given to n>n on my return to Winnipig ami for tho wnniK in which yf V 
 propiwed my hialth an 1 hfv ( <pie«Ml a hope for tho uon.plH^u reoovi ry uf th< I'rinoe*" 
 from the .'(IrfOtii ot thiu uutortuiiate a.'ci'tcnr. wliioh took plikof at OUawa, I Itnow tliM 
 tilt CAnnJjiin po.iio will itlways remember th ii. it wan in sbarini} tho dutifu inourrod i» 
 their ecrvioo thot the I'rinciinB rec»nvp.1 iv.Ii rifi whidli have, I trust oiily temporarily, Bu 
 ninoh in)paried her healtii. Two yta(« hmo tha jnwrniy 1 hivo niidirtukon wiH bo an 
 I'rtby one to accomplish thropghiiut its IrnijtS lor all, v.iiilf. ivt picser.t the faoilitico ot rail- 
 way an 1 ntcair. aooomniodnii.n only BUltiv-'e fc.r haii of it. For a ('inadiiui, oibrtial know 
 loc^gc of tho NoiiliWi'at is) in liKpennablc. To bn iijnorant of the Nortbwc.it is to U'lj/nor 
 ani of tliP greaU r (MJition of ymr c'Miuiry. i Anpiausitt. | Hitherto I have observed that 
 tho;sf. •who have dCf'ii it instiy look down on thi'- . who have uot, witii a kind of ^.ityini- 
 contempt whldi you may som'timcs have obunrvtjd in thoy v. ho have got up earlier in 
 the nio:ning ilmn ^/ther^', and svni eomti hi anlifui suiirisu attBume towards fhe irlfnds whtj 
 have idipt imlil the siin is hii;h in the heavens. [ Lnughtfr. | Our track thouRh it led ns 
 far, only enabled «« to mo a very small pirtlon ot your hf'iiiu;^;i' now iK.in^; m.ido acocRsible 
 linJ tim.^ pormit'cd wt should liavf » xjiloitit liin inmtcuH" i^tmutry which lies al'iof^ the 
 w1i"1p eonrac of the \voiiric;fiil Saskatclicwau which with itn two giga>»tic branohca, open« 
 to stPftm navi vition hei.tlemei.t4 of rapidly growi>jg imporlarce, An it .r.ia wo tiiched 
 the waters of iho north and soutli 1 ranchis and striking soutli-westwiirdH .ivailtd ourcelves 
 of the ./\:;ieri"an railway I'oe in i'.ontanu tor our return. It wa*! moet iiiterealin;^ to oo« 
 pare th" aouthc-a mountftinH and jmiirics with our own, and not even the terriidc ovestH 
 which have rtiCfently ciat 80 deep n f;loom upon our iirighbori*, iB wnll as oursclven, oo«ld 
 prevent our kiusmon from filioviiij.: r.hut hospitality »nd con ittsy which makes r visit to 
 their c>"<\intry so yreat u pit leure. [fjoud applause. 1 1 am more ajbtd to b. ar witri?Hf» to 
 this C'jurtcrty in the precontc of the di5tini;ui»hcd consul of tho I'riitt'J States, who is your 
 gufcat this evtuing, and who, in thirf city, so honoraoly ryprimenta hia country [applauBc) in 
 niuhing more than iu this, that ho h^\H never mifrepresenUd cur own. [I.oud .ipplaHHe. j 
 (dkc aiir.oi't lH bis compatriots who occupy by the f-ulVrage of thiir people ulliuial pjsitioai 
 ne ha8recoEniz:<l that fact which is happily ncknow 'edited by all of gtandinp; amonitat ox- 
 selvi'.& that the interest of Mie Hrai-ih Kn>pif.' and ol the I'l.ited States may be 
 advanced tide Ly t-nde without jtaiouay or friction and that ti\o good of| the cmo is inter- 
 wo.'en with tl.o M'olturc of the other. We have with the Aniericiiis not only o cominoB 
 descent, Imt ^siniiUr poaition on thin contircmt and n llkf? prolinbl-;. destiny. The com 
 (iiunity of fci.lin^^ reaches beyond the iVll.n^'^hip ariHinor from ti-jo pr.rsonal ipterfst att.'^chiag 
 to the digT'iry of a, high < fbce hustained -vith honor, and to the reverence of the tender 
 ties of hearth ur.d honui facried though tliree bo, for Cauadiana and Americans have each a 
 common ai^n and acomniuu ivlcal. Though belon^'ing to very difTortut political fcohoolnand p- e- 
 ferring to advance by '.'i>ry dilTcifnt p-jiln, we both dchire lo livo cidy in a laud of pcrfpfit 
 liberty. ' F/Oud ch-'ciH. ] VVhca tho ordfr which ei'snres freedom is dispci'ated by the 
 cowardly rancour of the murderer, or by tho tyranny of faction, tho blow toichr-.a more 
 th(in one Ufe, and strike? c vera wider circle tli,»i, that where its nearer and imtaediate 
 COn.soqiif^:',i.j3 are apparent. The people if the I u'ted States have been direrlcd into env 
 political organization, and we aro ( huriBhiug and developing another ; but they will tind no 
 man witli whom a closer and Tiiore living sympathy with their triumphs or with their tr»» 
 b!c8 abide i, Ui.in their Canadian ecu, inu in ♦he Dondnion. [Cheen-. 1 Leb this be s» i« 
 tho da5'ii of unborn generations, and may wo never have again to express our horror at tatk 
 1 deed of infamy as th;it which harj lately called forth in so striking a manner the yvncf ci 
 intcnational icspocn ai.J nfleclion. | Hctr, heir, j To pass to other themes awakening n« 
 unhappy rf.collections, y:r.i. will ex poet mo to rncntifia a few of ihe impressions made ii)»an 
 UP l.y what wo ha.'o HCt-n during tUe laitt few weeics. Beautiful as are the numberless lakes 
 and illiuiitable forest" of K 'ewa,tin- -the land of th^ north wind, to tho eaf<t of you- -yet it 
 wa.« pleasant to "get behind the north wind" i laughter | and to reach your upon plains, 
 
The coiitrMt U groat h< tweon the ntlurly Mlrnt and ubiulnH , MolitiideH ' ! th« piiiu nmi Ac 
 foroatu, ftfi'i tlio Hunlij^lit «if bii«/y oJ^mn ori'l ninlow Iftnd, "OKtfal ntth th»t mimic ot birtlr,, 
 tviii''.ii (■trot(het onward Irom tlio neit'lili.rti«joil cl ycur city. In Knuw.itin '.lie lamlxtr 
 iii.hiktrv tind iiiinInK i!i)t"r|.ri4>> oan ul(iii« bo luokuil for, nnd ht ro [t itt inrif (•.iii|).!*i u> imagtuM 
 rny kiuil of >*'ork which ihall not prudiioo rcKu!tii cifiinl tn tboflc bitainuil iti jny ot IIki 
 uii-iit oitiim I ; thn worjil. Idieat nheoriti^' | L nk.iowij a iVw yi.arv ot»o i-vicpt in dorna 
 (liffejt'iK.'fii Mhioit hud urJBOu umoiijj ita [icdplo, wc ii*.n WinDiprrj now witii a ji 'iilati';* 
 iinaijlmdimly j.iuiiuj; ii\ happy cmiLord, !«n<i rapidly liltli';; it toth*^ tron' lunk unuu^et Mi", 
 comniercinl 0' titr« n of lh« ccitimnt. \V rmiy look in Vivin clR<!whir«! fur n fiUiilion ho 
 U i^rahlQ iiod ^-o C'iniiDaij.iInf ■ laiiny an are l.h» faii ro^iooH oi which we can lioaat. \hj\ii 
 iiwvra. I Tlieiu in'vy Id HOiriM ume i/j; yoj bafori' ^vhuHO cyt's tlic whole woixivrful p-vrfonima 
 of our provini'M hnn ; iitiBtl— tli(. ocoau j^anlrii i'liiiit ot TnLce i'Mu i-d, tl'- in/vyrutiotnt 
 vallijBof tun Si. John and Su«««io'<, tho iimrvellouH omintrv, the liomw ui •'l',v(4i)^i,!i le," 
 wh'^ro iSJomldoii lool« • dowii ou tlio ti*l .a ol I' ndiiy, Rml c,.v<!i trncta of r<-.t an.l ririipr Xt.m 
 th*. ^vealil of K'-nt. \ cm may }i,jv<.' »c< n tho tntiried I'a viipr uf QiK^btc, \aO Moutrenl, 
 wiioti j'-oaj'Hrty and Im.mty In i^orM, ot li.:i great Si. Lawrenm;, ami you ni ly luvo 
 aifTi'irti the u'li wroMglit uud splendid I'rovii" ti of O.j^min, and r«jni,,! at th. p;rowth if 
 h< 1 ':r<|utal, IV.kjuIo, .iml yiti Dowher*"- wil! yoti lin 'v nitmiticn wl.oie ii.ituin.1 advuntiigra 
 pr'triium h'j ^r«iit a fntnr«> an tho* wiiiili Mjmiia iiiwurod to M.mitclia a'.d to Wiunipc;.', th« 
 Hi'.irt city of our Doniinhm. [ t''i!mon.h'i:ii ohc. rii);^ T Tlio inta-.tirrltdH hukIdv*.! whi;*h 
 ijoiitiiniicti iioro itretoh without interruption of thu goi>«l aoil w. hiH.ird to your houndury. 
 The i'n>.in<:eiB a gruen Hea over wiiii h thf »uninii;r wind.s (.j«<< id w.ivoh of rioh ^jransi-i. and 
 Howfro, uiid OD ihi* vast txtont it in only oa ynt n<!ro and tiirro th;it a ycll'iw patch 'hewH 
 Home j;jj<;iutic whcnt livid. | l<oi'd i:n/'fr»i)g j J^il^e a ^rell1 nut oaat on r tho whcle aiC Ibo 
 hdudu ntui cUimpa of popular wooil vliioh ore c'\<:>rvwhtrH Ui m mot v ith, iwiJ wliicih, &• 
 douh^, wlion the prairit- tires art* moro our«f«lly gmrdid :i.j'»lnHt, will, whcrt'V'r thoy are 
 w,iijttd, at ill furth»>r idoriio th»i landscape. lCi>;('r«. Th( meebt-a ff t.hii wood-netting 
 aro never furthor til ui twruty or thirty mill", iipii't. Little h.iy swuiiijib ami oparkliuK 
 lik'.ilot I, tot ining with wildfowl, arc alvray.^ f^losr at Ijand, auu if tho Burt',»(;o \'.at<if in 
 some of thine has nlk'ili, RTceUont vii:tr can always lie had in otiioiftv arnl by ihc minplo 
 jiroccHH r.i digj<inj^ for it, a abort dioi.inoe I 'inr-.t h thu vod with a Bp.fic, the soil hcin/i; »• 
 I'nvoid (It Htouua that it in DO*: tv.:'n nccessar> toUMoapirl. N.. wdadir tbiit iiodcr '.hcaa 
 oi''cutnHt!*nc(>8 we bear no iiroakinj,'. (JroaktrH arc vmy vnre aniimU throughout Cauuda, 
 it wni- reiiarkud by mrpriae liy au llrigliphjiiaii a.' lUH'omed to liritiflh j^iurnl linjjf, that 
 «ven the frogn siiii.; iiiHteud of i.toiikiiig in (Janada, Itrc •.!. olioerini:] ami the fow lyttcrs Lhtt 
 have appeared i^pcakinK of diaappoiutmont will he airion*; tiic raicHt aiitograplis which tho 
 nwt j^finnalion will ohorieh in tin ir nuiaouins. Ilu! even with tlio heat troi.ji-; of the best 
 army iu i he world you will tind a ''^w m ilij^u«rs - a lew Huulkerh, Howhvct wr!l an aclioii 
 haf I'oeii f )ii'(ht you will iicdv '.'fliceiH who have been oiiKugud tay thut then' wen.' H»nto 
 iiien whoae iija Heeni.'d to lie. that ir was <^aHitr to oouducb thiin-tlva na hnoaioe them 
 at lh«. rem, rather that in the front. Il^i.igliter and app! uif!!. ' So there have been 
 a few lone:y and hizy voicesi raised in the atrangur preaa dwollii.^ upon your dihioulties »»«( 
 iqiroriiig your triuinpha. i'hcse have iippearod from 1t.< (.ens of men who havti fiiilod fx 
 tJnir own Qountries .ind huve faiiiid ht.'c, wiio are horn tftiluruB, and will fail till life faiU, 
 tboin. 1 1. wglitor and applause i Tiifty .irfxlikc the soldit ri( wlm ran a'v:;y iroin the Iniat 
 firnjioa Booking to 'prcad rtimiomlitnre, M'n^oh exists uuly in tho^o i.himja tbiy call their 
 mindM— I L iii(^ht(ii ] and who running to tlic city aay their crinrjulea are.defe.te.i, or If they 
 are not beaten, thev should in tiieir opinion be s.i. We havo iouad. a.'i «e expc-lud, thiit 
 their tales are no^^c>r*hv the cri J«-nce even of the timid. [Appl.tuho. ] Thtre wusnot cue' 
 pnrHOo wiio liad niant'iilty faced the first (UlTieuHiei, always I'ar !i.'s.i than tb()d>. to Vta 
 ctieo niitnred ia tl.o older piovinceB hut «ii<l thiM he wiin getting on well and he v.aa glai 
 ho had conn , and ho gfuerally added that l;e belie.'o.l his nit of the ccuntiy mi:f.t he the 
 1 oat, and that ha otily wir^hed liis fricnda oouM have the same goju fortune for idu ex|:t«- 
 •atioQB wee more than realizod. [Cnocrh and la..{,'ht(:r. 1 ll is widl Ko ronif^.-nbir thai tkc 
 I'leu who will eutceed hero as in every younj; coiiinniuity are u.<aally tlie able bodied an4 
 that ti'oir entry on their new ticld jf labor flhonld be when the iield ia young. Men 
 advunced in life and coining from tiie Old cc-.rtry will find tbeir '^(.mfi.rt Visst oonsuUed 
 by the ready aceoinadation to be obtained !>;• liiu iuiruhase of ;i 'arm in the old pio\ iBC.-a. 
 All that tho tjfttler in Miinitoba would seeni ',•"> rcijuire iM that tc ?in()iiM lo:«k out for fv 
 locality wlierc the-e is goed natural drainage, and ninety nine hunf'.rtdifiu ol' the ooMBtry 
 has thi?, and that he Khould he able readilv to procure iu W'inripeg or e!F(*vvhere, some 
 flight pumps like thofte tned in Abyssinia for tho easy Hiipply cf \vater froui a depth «f 
 a few tiiut below thosuiface. Alk di in '.iie water will never Hurt his eattle, aud dykea 
 of earth and the plantia^; of tr'^es would e'cvywhere insure liin. ;iud thcin the shelter that 
 Jii8,\' bo ri ijuired. Five hundred dotl.iiB •jhould be his own to spend on hi.? aniviil, uiilet.s 
 aa an artisan he comes tiere, I tind that like the tiappy inasons now to be fouu'l in NVib- 
 nipe;;, he i.au get the wages of a JUitiah Army Colonel, by putting up houses as last a«j 
 briok, wood and mortar can be got together. Favorable testimony tc the elimato was 
 everywhere given. The heavy night dews throughout the Northwest keep the country 
 
8 
 
 green when everytliit'g is binned to tho south, and the nteady winter cold although it 
 sounds fonind.ible whon registered by tho thermometer, is universally said to ho far Ies« 
 trying than the cold to be enoonntenid at tht- old Kntrlish Puritan city of Boston, in 
 Massa'^husseta. If it ia tho moisture in the atuxj^phcrc which makes cold tell, and tho 
 Kngliahman who. with tli > thonnonieter at :'.iro, v, ould, in liin moist atmosphtre bo 
 shivering, whoiild here find ono flannel shirt sullioicnt clolhini,' while working. 1 neve. 
 like to Illlike com,)ari8ou8 and am always unwillinf^ly driven to do bo, although i', suemb 
 to l>e the natural vico of the well travclleil KugliffLnion. (.'vor and over ag&iu have J 
 been asked in fJanada if sftoh and such ft bay wus iiot v.-.jndorfally like the Kay ot 
 Naples for thf. inhabitants had often been told .-^o. I aiway.-i proffssed to be unable to aec 
 the rcdemblenoo, of crurae entirely ni:t of dLltVifince to tl-.i' susceptibilities of tiie Italian 
 nation. So one ot our party, a Scotchman, wh( never in tlie Rncky Mountains he saw acme 
 grand pyrmid or gigantic rock, ten or olev«i: thoiiiand feet In hcii^lit, would exclaim that 
 the nne was the very iniage of Arth'irV Seat and the other of Edinburgh (j.istle. ^Vith tlic 
 fcai of Ontario l)efore my eyes 1 would therefore never venture to compare a winter here ti> 
 those of our grtateat province, but lam bound to mention that when a friend of ndn.e f ut 
 the (|utstion to a party of sixteen Ontario mer who had settled in the western p».rtion oi 
 Mrt. itoba, as to tli ■ cmiparative mt^rits of the cold aeaPdi in the two provincvs — fourteon 
 of them voted for tht Manitoba climate, and only two elderly men said that they perferred 
 that of Toronto. Vou will see now >vhat is sometimes c.iUed that veiy uutqual critenou 
 of ritrht and juiitice, alarjje mnjority determiucH this ijucstion. Nfv although we ai.: 
 present in Manitoba and Manitoba interest;: n-.a> dominate cur thous^hts, yet you may not 
 object to listen ior a few moments to our cxpr>-icnce of the country which lies farther lo tli- 
 west. To the prearut company the ipscrtion may be a bold one, but? ihey will be auili 
 ciently tolerant to allow me to inalio it, if it ijoes no further, ami 1 therefore say that we 
 may seek for the main chance elsowhen- tlian in Main street. The future fortunes of thin 
 eouotiy beyond this I'rovince bear directly upon its prosperity. Although you may not 
 be able to d';; for four f<;et thronqli the same character of black loam that you havi nere 
 when y< u get to the rouutry br yond l''ort Ellice, yot in it", main features it ia the name 
 risiht up tu the forks of the Saskatchewan. I dceprty regret that J. was not able to visit 
 Fdmontou, which bida fair to rival any p)ace in the Northwust. .Settlement i« incroasini.' 
 there, and I met at I'ltMeford one man aume who h.fd commissions from ten Ontario farmer^ 
 to buy for them at that place. Nothing can exceed the ft-rtility and excellence of the lami 
 alou^^ almost the whole course of that ercat iiver, and to the north of it in the wide stri]' 
 belting its banks and extending up to the I'e.ico river, there •.viU he loom for a great popu 
 latiou whose opportunities for prolitable cultivation of the soil will be most enviable. The 
 netting of wcod cf vhich 1 hav-' Bpoken as covering all the prairie between VVitinipeg and 
 Bittlefurd is beyond tuat point d/awn up upon the shores of the prairie sea, and lies in 
 masses of fine forcwt in th^i ^jigar tic halt circle formed by the Saskatchewan and the Rookies. 
 It is ojdy in Ruciudtd v dleys, on the banks of large lakep, and in rivei bottoms that niucii 
 wood IS found in the far west, probably owing to the prevalence of i'a-es. Tfacjc .are easily 
 preventable, and there is no I'^n.^on why plantations should not ibnuish there in good situa- 
 tions as well as clsewhcro, 13 lore I lei've tho Saskatchewan let nie advert to the caso 
 with which the 'iUim navigasio'. cl that rfver can be va.'jtl3' improved. \t prosent there 
 ia only one boat at ail worthy of tue name of a river steamer upon it, and this steainer 'ier 
 up dur^ns^ the nif;ht. A now company is, I am informed, new bemg organized, and ther^ 
 ia no rea.'-!0n why, if the now vessels are propeily cijuippcd and furnished with electri. 
 lightf', which may now be chraply }>rovideiI, they should not keep up a nighc and day ser 
 vice, HO that the settlers at Prince Albert, Eduiuuton, and ;jlsevvhere i^y not hive, during 
 another sc^aon, to ."utfer great privations incident to tho want.s of wansportation whici. 
 has h-.aded the I, inks of Grand Ra;>ids during the present year witii freight, awaiting stean. 
 transport. The t;reat ci-etaccous coal seams at the headwaters of tho rivers rising in tb/ 
 Rocky Mcuntaii.i or iji their neighborhood, and ilowin;; tovvards. your ucor.s, rtiiould not h. 
 fort^olti n. Although you havesome coal ia diatriots ncurtr yoii, we .should veuicmber that 
 on the headwateis of these streams there is penty of tho same which can be lioated down to 
 you before you uave a complete i ail way system. Want of time ;i8 well as a wish to set 
 the less vaunted parts of the country took me south westward f'em Battle' ird, over lami 
 which in many of the n.apa is variously marked as rjnsisting of arid plain, or as a oontiu 
 ur.tjon of the " Anicricari Desert." 'Ihe newer maps cspecialty those containing the 
 explorations of I'rof. Macoun, base corrected thiw wholly ':rronecns idea. For two days 
 march- that is to sny for about (10 or 70 ndtcs sciith of Dattleford «e passed ovor land 
 whoso excellence could not be excidled for agricultur:d purpoaes. Tlienee to tho neighbor 
 houd of the Red Deer ^alley the soil ib lighter, but still in ivy opinion in most places good 
 for grain — in any catc most admirable for summer ptksture, audit will certainly be ^'ooii 
 also lor stock in winter as soon an it will pay to have hay stored iu tht; valleys. The whole 
 of it has been the favorite feeding; ground of tb. buiralo. Theiv tracks from watering; 
 place to waterinji place, never too f^^r apart from each other, were every .vhere to bo seen, 
 while in very many tracts their dung lay so thickly that the appearance cf the ground w.i^ 
 only comparable to that of liu English, farm yard. Let us hope that the mir.iu-i will nut be 
 
9 
 
 loug beioro the disappoarance of the bulfalo on theso gccnes, is followed by the .n'>pear'»rico 
 • ^f doTnustic herds. The Red Deer valley is espcoially romarkabb aa traversing a cuntry 
 t^hcre, aoeordiiig to the testimony of Indian chiefs travelling Tith us, snow no^rer lies for 
 more thao three months, and tho heavy growth ci pojiular in llie bottonm, the (luaiitity of 
 the •'bull," or high ■ rauVerry bushes, and the rich hunclies that hutr from the choke 
 ohf^rrit '^: showed us tliat we had coma into thft part of thf Dominion -.vhich aii-.ong the 
 iilaii;.<nien is deaig'iritod as " (iod's country." Krom this onward to tin- Baw rive.-' arid 
 thence to the frontier line tho trail led througli wb it will be one of tbv niost vi^'ued of our 
 I'rovincPB subject to those warm winds called the "chinooks,' The settler will hard'y une 
 auvthiug but wheeled vehicleB during winter, find tiiroughout a ijreat portion ol the lam! 
 caily mowing —or fail sov/iug -will bi, all that wil; ^le necessary tr anBur.i hin* agamst early 
 frosits. At (Jalgary, a pbce inter^'sting at ihe [ircitnt time uh likely to ]>e upon that Paci- 
 lie Piiilway line which will couc^^ct you with the 1 »ciGo and gi^-e you access to "tliose vast 
 shore beyond the farthest sea,' the sliore of Asii, a good many small liords? of cattle havo 
 been introduced within the last few years. I'uving this year a magniffcent iierd r.t between 
 ^ix .lud seven thousand has beeu brought in, and the men who attendid tbcni and who 
 :am.-. from Montana, Oregon and Texes, all ;»vcrred i))at their opinion ot their new rancho 
 ivae higher than that of any with which they had b-en aocinainted in the south, Kxce?- 
 ient crops have 'neen raised b} men who had sown not on\v in the ri^'er bottoms, but ulso 
 upon tiie Sii-called "bench" lands or plateau abov.'i, 'Ibis testimony was ai; o tjiven by 
 others tm the way to Fort Macb-od and beyond it, liuis closing most satisfactorily the 
 ,3ong ul praise '.ve had heard from practical man thrcn;ghout our \vhole journey of 1,200 
 luiles, Letmeadveri for one moment to some ot the causes which have enaliled settlers 
 to enjoy in such peace tb" fruits of their industry. Chief amon;Jst these must be reckoned 
 the policy of kindness and jusctic whi'di wa^ inaugnrate(^ by the Hudson )3.iy Company iu 
 their treatment of tiie Indiana. TJiere'a is one of the casca iu which a trader's ahsociatioa 
 na;-f upheld tlie maxim tliat "honesty i<-- the best policy" even when you are d'-aling witii 
 sa' a^es. The wisdom and rightecusress of their dealing on enlighiened principles, which 
 are 'uUy followed oat by their servants to day, gave the cue to f' <.'anadian Co', rument. 
 The I >ominion to-(idy through her Indian otKocr.s and her nv .v:d const-abulary in show- 
 ing herself the inheritress of those traditions. 8he has been fortunate in organizing the 
 Mounted Police force, a corps of whoso .'.rvi.es it would be impossible to speak too 
 highly. A mere hardfu! in that vast wilderneas, they have at -11 limes shown theniselvea 
 ready to go anywher" and do anything. They have often had to act on oct;asions demami 
 mg the combined individual pluck and pruden( •■ rarely to be found amongst any soldiery, 
 ').ud there has not been a single oc^'.isiou on w!ii.,'h any member of t'.'j force has lost his 
 temper uoder trying ciroumstat-ces, or has not fulrilUd his mi.'sion as a guardian of tb.e 
 peace. Several journ' ys iu wiiitor and dilhoult avr-.ist.^' have J-.ad !o be etTected in the 
 centre of sa\age tribeii. .Tnd not once has the moral v restige which waf iu reality their only 
 weaoon, bteh foun.l insufficient to cope with the diihcultios which, in Amciica, have often 
 bartled tbe eiVorts of whole columns of armed men. I am glad of thi.- ojiporiiiiiity to n.ime 
 these !ncn a« well worthy of Canada's regard us sons who have well maintained her njime 
 and fame. And now that you ha\'e had the po.tieuce to listen to mc, and we hav crossed 
 the cf;ntinent together, let me advise you asso^u as possible to got uo i^ branch hocae, 
 situ;- ted amongst our Rocky Mountains, where, during svinnicr, your members i;;>.y form 
 them.-^elves into an Alpine club and thoroughly enj'iy the beautiful 'jeaks aad pa^tc^ of o'U' 
 Alps In the railway you will have a beautiful approach to the racillc. '1 he lino after 
 travfrsuig for days the plains, will come u{ion the rivers whose sheliering valleys have all. 
 much the same character. The river bods arc like great moats ia a modern t'ortrtid— you 
 do not see them tilt close upon them. As in the gla<.is and rampart of a foriveas, the abot 
 oar search across tlie two levels above the river fosses. The sti'iams run coursing along 
 the «unken levels in these vast ditches, %vh'ch are sometimes miles in width. Sheltered by 
 the undul.atiug banks, knells, or cliffs which form the ii .irgiu o' their excava'.od bounds, arc 
 >r».o((s, generally of poplar, except in the northern an-i western fir fringe. On approaching 
 the .Mountains iheir snow capn look liko huge tents encamped alocg the robing praitic I'p 
 to this great camp, of which a length of 200 n.ilei is tnjuietimes visil)lo, the riveru wind in 
 trenches, locking like the covered ways by which siege works y.ig /ag up to a be.soiged 
 city, On a nearer view the camp line chaugis to ruinml marble ['.ibices, and tb.'- jugh their 
 tremendous wall and giant woods you will soon be dashing on the train and in winter 
 liasking on the warm Pacific coast. V'ou have a country whose value it would b: insanity to 
 lestiou, and which, to judge from the emigration taking place frcm the older I'rovinceB, 
 will be indissolubly litjked with them. It must support a vast po^'ulatiou, if we caku 
 lath from the progress we iiave already made in comparison with tbem on the new areas 
 now open to us. We have now four miilion four handred 'housand people, and these, 
 with the exception of the compr»ratively small numbers as yet .» this 
 Province, are restricted to the old area. Net for the list ten ye.ua our ir.crcaae baa been 
 ovf r 1>< per cent., whereas during the same period all the New England State taken toge- 
 ther iiave shown an increase only of 1.5 per cent. In the last thirty years in Ohio tha 
 incioiye has been (Jl per cent - Ontario's during tliat space ol time 101 per cent, of in-rease, 
 
10 
 
 while Qaebec has iuijreRsed 52 per cent. Manitoba in ten years has increased 2S9 per 
 cent, a greater rate than any liithbrto uttaiaod, aud to judf{e from this year's ovpericnce it 
 likely to increase ^o an even more wondi^rful degree during the following decade. Statistic; 
 are at all times v cnriaotne, but are not tlien; fnll of hope? Are tb<;y not f;it'ti givi'ig just 
 ground for th;d pride in oui jirogress which is conspicuous .imonj; our people, una arnplc 
 raaaon tor our belief that ♦.!;« future may be alic-ved to take of re of itself. Tliey who pour 
 out propiiesirs of change presovibing medicines lor a sound iwdy, are wasting thtir gifte 
 and their till! i.'. It is among atraugers that wc hear snob theories propounded by destiny 
 mnn. Wirh j'ou th;i word "annexation" has rn the kst yearg only b^en heard in connec- 
 tion with the aunexation of mo'e territory to Muni* ha. 1 mu^t .ipologizj to a Canadian 
 audience for tncnttouini? the word at all in any en nnui: -ion. In Aimirica theannoxition of 
 this country i» dis'ivowed in' all respDudble Icadi'Ti, As it was H-ell oxprossed to mu 
 lutely the best men of the Slitee dodire oidy to autiey the friendship and good wiil oi 
 Ca;i:ida. [ Loud cheers. ] To he ^^ui-e i*< mi.y l)e otherwise witii the (.-amp followers ; tl.cy 
 oftaa talk as if the. .swaUowiutjand iiigescion of Cm. id* by them 'vcre only a o,ae3tioH of 
 tiras, and of rising treab'uu amongst, r.), Jl 'w fur the power ot the oamp followers ex'tends 
 jtisnotfur uato determine. Toey aave, however, shoivii th.it they are powerful 'juough 
 to cipturo a few lvv;iiah writers, our modern minor prophets who, in little nngjzinf, art! 
 clos, are fond of teaotiing the nations how '.-i behave, w'nose words prea' b the superiority 
 of othiT !«,(i»!t!ie9 to their own, aud the approximate d'smrjmberinent of itliritisb I'Jmjiin- 
 which ha.-< toe i'loiior to acknowledge them a» citizens. They have vmii our Aine'-ioan 
 friends of whom 1 speak, at all event? oi.e virtutj in comuiou, ihey are great epc^culatorc 
 Iq the ci of our nouthern friends thii in no!, a matter to be deplored by iif, for American 
 Hp'ioulatiou has b.^en of direc;'; material benefit ta Canada, and wm must regret that onr 
 Amaricin citizens are not. conin;^; overto us <i^ f ist as are the ."scotch, the Irish, the Ger- 
 m:in^. and the Scaadiuaviaua. Mora'!>, atyo, it is not to be deplored that sunb Rpecnla- 
 tions are mide, for thoy show that ii is thought rhat CmAdi'ua would foriti :i useful 
 though uuiuip'OrtenC wing fo;' one of tlie great pirties ; and, moreover, wiTjh propheiie:^ 
 clothe vi; Li amusemeut "the dry bones" of dti-cussion. But it is beat always cj take 
 men as -ve Hud t.iem and noi to beliuve that tnoy will b? did'i'rent even if a kin.l'y feel- 
 ing, first fi^r ournelves aod ^.tierwards i>jv the:;i, should make i\f* desire to change thenri, 
 l^et us -ather i^'dgo from thf- past aud frum the prtsent than take flights, ung aided by 
 exp^nense, into the imiigicary vcgious of the fu';ure What do we find has tieen, and 
 is, the tendency of the poopW.s ot this continent? Does not history nhow, and do not 
 modern and existing tendencies •Uclarc that the linss of c'oavige amnng them lie along 
 the lines of latitude ? Men spread from east to we«t, and from east to west the political 
 lines, %vhich mean the lines of diversity, extend. Tne central spacjs are, aud will he yet 
 more, tho greiit centres of p'jpul.ition. Cm it be inngined th;it the vast centre hives ©f 
 mtn will allow the eastern or western 8c*al>oard people to come between thetn witk 
 eeparate empire, <ind abut them out in any degree with full and free interooui :!■? witi» 
 the markets of the world beyond tliem ? Along the line of longtitnde no such teaden- 
 iceii exist. The maik-ds of the North Pole are not as yet productive, and with .Houth 
 America commorv:e is compirativnly small Tho safest conciusiou if conclusions are to be 
 drawn 5' t all, is tr.at wh-i.- has i\itherto been, will, in the nature of things, continue,— 
 that, whatever .^.eparatioas evist wiil be marked by /jties of latitude. For other ovi- 
 deni;e wi.> must search in vain. Our ouar.y councUa, the inunioipal orporations, the 
 local provincial >.hambprs, the central bcn\inton Piriiameno, aud last n>)t legist a per- 
 fectly unfettered pitas, are ail free chunuele for the i xpreiision of the feeling.? of onr 
 citi/.ins. Why is it that in each and all of these riHsctors of thoughts of men, we a»« 
 nothing but '^-termioatirin to keep and develop the piNicious heritsge we h.iye in (tar 
 own Ci-institution so capable of any /"evelcpment which the people may desire. Let us 
 IvBar C' ; adians if we wish to speil- jr thf m. These public bodies and the puhiioprfss 
 are the iiou'hpieces of the peoples tnind, I^et ns- net say for them what the^ never say 
 for themselves. It ii no intention d misreprt'scntation which has p'oduoed these curious 
 examples of tho fact ♦hat ir.diviiual {)rppoqsestions may distc't publu. proof. It rci«i»tlB 
 me of in intcpretatiaa onoo said to have been given Ity a had interpreter "^f a Kj>ecv;li 
 delivered by a savage warrior, who in a very digtiitied and extremely lengthy diijctirse 
 expres'jed the contentment of his trii>e with the onler and with the good that hid bc.-in 
 introduced against them by the law of the white min. His sj^-ec'i was loag enotgh 
 fully to impress with its' meaning and its truth oil who took pains to listen to hint, aud 
 who could understand his langii^ge, b'lt tho interpreter ha', anfortunateiy differynt ideas 
 of his ov/n, and was displeased with hi.H own iv.\.divirinai treatment, when at last he was 
 asked what the chief und his council had siid in tlrir ekxaient oartions, he turned r*mnd 
 BUil only exolp.inied — " H^ darn displeases! '" |(>ieat laughii'i. | And what did bis ««hu- 
 cillorR say ? '• I'tioy dam di.-plrascd ' fkoars of laughter. 1 No, gentleman, let eaeh 
 man in public or liierary life, in both nations do all that in him K' ■' to cerr ent their friead- 
 rhip so essential 'or their mutual welfare, liut this cannot bo cemonted by the publication 
 of vain vatic inai ions. This great part ot onr great Knipire has a natural and warm ieol- 
 ing for our republioan broathicn, whose fathers parted froii us a centuiy ago in anger and- 
 
u 
 
 blooflehed. May this natural affection never die. It is like the love which ?« borne by i 
 yooDxer brother to an older, ho long aa the big brother bohavca handfoniely and kindly, 1 
 wiay possibly know something of the nature of such nffectiou, /or as the eldest of a rcun«l 
 li ;zen, I have had experience ot' the fraternal relation is exhibited by an unusual number tf 
 ywangci brotivrR. Never have I. known that fraternal tie to fail, but even its etrengih has 
 I. as its natural iimit, ^o Canada's affection may be '.ueuaan^d. None of my younger brother*", 
 Viowpvcr fond of me, would voluutarily ask that his prospects ahould be altogether ovei shatl- 
 f.wcA and swallowed up by mine. So Canada, in words which our ueighbors understand, wishet 
 L? be their fri-end hut does not desire to bcjome their food. She rejoicen in the liig 
 br(it!vu-'s 8tron>;th aud stntus, but is not anxious to nouritli it by uffrtring up her own 
 I od;/ in O'dor that it may afford him, when ovoriiuugry, that happy foiuival he is in the 
 hftljil of calling; a "sqiiaro nieivl." [fioud laii>^!ii<r, | J muHt a^k you odoo more to allnw 
 uio, (jrntleuieu, to express uiy acknowledsjHuiet.ts for thi-s entertaiumeut. It RlloidM 
 ■mother indication of the feelinj^s with Hldch the citizens of VVianipf'y regard any persen 
 'vhp lias the honor as the head (xf tlie (Janadiau iiovernrneut to represent the <.,>ueen, 
 ;oiiwrhj, you recognize in the Cknernor-Gcneral the sign nnd symbol of the union whick 
 liin.is tojjethfr in one the free and kindred peop)*.-^ vviioin God has cet over larnoua Islet 
 ■J id over fertile hpa(;es of mighty lontiiient.s I have touched in speaking to you on eer- 
 wiin vatioiuations and certain auvii;e given l>y a few good straugRr.i l,o Cvtoadians o n the 
 iiubject hi the future of Canada, (ieutlemen. I believe that Ganatiiaus. are well able U 
 *.fike care theuuielvea of their future, and the oulsido w'lrld had better listen tu ihe« 
 ' '/: 'id of prouiulgating weak and wild theorii.'u of its own. [Loud, appkiific. j But how- 
 r, uncertain aud I may add, foolish may be such foreeasts, of one thing we may b« 
 SHIP, which is this, that the country yoj oiU Gauada, aud wiiiiih your 3on» aud ypnr 
 iiildreu's children wiil be proud to know by that name, is a land wldidi will be a land «t 
 power among the nations: | iheora | uii.stress of a zjue of territory favoraV'ie for (>!»« 
 mnintainanoe of a nuiuorous and homogfuous wiiite populotion. Canada ;uu?'' to judge 
 from 'he inoreaae in that strength during the paft, and from the many ■\nd vaf.' oppcr 
 tiiuitios for tb" growth of her strength r,n her new \u-nvlucij!i in the future, be great 
 :>nd worthy her poditioii ou ihc earth. Aii )rdir.g the best and aafcEt high'vay between, 
 ,\' I aud Kurope, she will see traiho from both directed to her coisls. With a iiaud 
 •il>..u either ocean she will gather from each for the beucfit («f her hardy millii.'cs a 
 l).-ge shoue of »ho commertij of the world. 'I'o the east .ind to the weat she will po«r 
 f(.>rth of her abuudrnco, the treassures of her food and the richncas oi her miaes aad 
 of her forcstSi detnanded of her by tb.e less forfcuuMto of roauhitid. 1 esteem thost 
 iufn favored indeed, who, in however slight a degree hav( b.ad the honor, oi may lie 
 y(.; called upon to tai-c part in the oouncil.s of the Htatcameu who in this early era vf 
 .■'•it;>ry, are moulding this nation.'! 'a ln.wa in the form? appr'^vcd by its representatjvea, 
 tfif trie, I feel that I ean be ambitious of iv.i higher livh. than to he known as one wkt 
 adnfiiaistered its fiOvernmout in thoiuugh flytnpathy with the hope! and aspr;ario»'3 «f 
 its first 'juuuors and iu perfect conhonanee witii tlic will uf its free parliL:nlr;:l^ 'Chu'.'ra. 
 I i.rfii t'o.- i\i bot.ter lot than to be rcrn'-'inhssred by its /.ooplo aa rcjoioiii / hi the gladuess 
 '.cru of their independence and of their loyalty. I desire no other i"eputat!on than that 
 which may belong to him who saeri his own dearest wisiies iu pvooe^a of fuIflUnerit ia 
 'iH'it' cert:un pro-jrcss, iu thfdr undisturlied peace., i.nd in tlicir ripening grandeur. 
 
 LORD LANSDOWNE'S SPEECH. 
 
 following the ( \ample of both his distinguiidisd pri;dcce6Sor8 in rflK.c, Lord Lansdr:w»e 
 the pr( scut Goveruor-Genfral of Canada made last autumn a complete tour of the Norlft- 
 west Territories imiiuding Waritoba and f^riliuh Columbbi He «.iR accompanied by L»ri 
 Mf^lgund, hi^i distinguished military secretary, whose p>'u hais uot been tikut on tiiw capa- 
 bilitieb oi Cauada, since itHp•).s^'.■s^'or baa become laniiUar therewith. His Kxcelleucy m.ida 
 the tour immediataly after the completion of the Canadaiu I'acific Riilw.9.y, that gre.^t 
 iro« highway which link.s the provinr;j8 of Canada together and biud-; morft clcsily th( t «» 
 .•f Ctinfr-.denttiou the strength of which ha.s been steadily ocvi loping- aiuoo the iiuio;! » 
 \H7. The railway therefore being completed His E.vcclltjncy ^^a* enabled to board his 
 r<1Be«ii.] train ob Otta^va aud proceed without stopping \if be had so drsir^d) slcir tbroagli 
 tf» liaf Pft'-ilic coast, travoraing the Musiioka diatric", the region north of Ijike S(ij^)erior. 
 the 'ninnder Bay section, the fertile provinces of Miujitoba and the Northwest territoriw, 
 the Roohy and Selkirk ranges cf Mountains ;-.nd through the for-^-ats oi British GnlambiA 
 to the l\«cirto coant, aa approximate distance of aijout ."i.OOO miles. V-.^z with tlie anxiety 
 of j):edeces8ors tc ace all the country poKsible he stopped at p^^iuts along th«; route, and 
 under the escort of the Monuted PoUof, he travelled iu a buck board (that pnmitive,Ktc'jgb 
 
12 
 
 still jiopulav mode oi prairie tiavol) over many liundrc 1 miles of bhr, moat fertile helt« o: 
 igrlcuUnral an<l graz'n^ lands : thus beinjg aft )V<li3d an opportunity of seeing and judgicjr 
 ■for hinwelf the oapabaliiiiti"'!! of our territories. Upon hia retnru by way of Winnipci; h: 
 wan tandered by tho citizens oi" that prosperous city, a dsjuuuar at whiiiii aeveral tiionijj.nri 
 ^ai down. Tl^'plyiosj to tho toant of "our j?ucst" His Kxcclleuoy gave his iinpresBioas ol 
 the country in the follow inj{ speech ; — 
 
 -The mat;nificcnt i 
 tha apporirnnue of 
 
 ncep 
 your 
 
 Mft. ClIA'PvMAX, YoCR IIoNdK, LaiIKS AM) (iPNTr.EM KA' : 
 
 tion ivith which you havp ■welcomed iik- '.«ack t') ^Vianieep, 
 
 tlmrou^Wfavea Is.-it ni;ibt, the uJinnnatiou -if so many of your public buildiUpjH and private 
 vosidentes, and laa-t, but uot least, thiij ap'ouiii.i entertaiaraeut, have left i very deep 
 impreasitjn upon my nuiul. I'enuit me to add th it if anything was wanting to give com 
 plctoness to that reco-iHioa I.have found it in the eloquent remarks ^vhi.^h fell jiia!; now 
 from Mr. T'oaful Taylor. [Applause, ] Let nie lietore I go father thank him cordially for 
 ■what hoh:i8 hvA ; let irse a.-uuire I'im that no anihitiou is uearor to my heart than that wl»ili 
 \ t'av'- the Itoaor of boin^' eonne;''.'jd with the pai.lieatlairs of tiie Ujminiou cf Canada it.-> 
 relation with tho gJeat Kepnblic wliieli adjoins may be of the most iutiinato and amieablc 
 ch.iractcr. I'iVppiause. | L^t tne, too, corrobor.vte what he has aaid a^ to the action of the 
 '-overmreui of tlie IJai!;od .Statoo during the Homewliat crJuicAl period throa>{h whjoh we 
 paaaed daring the present KuuimciT. f am very glad that he haa givou mo this opportunity 
 of publicly acknovvledifing our oblit;atioiia to his (luvernment ia thia reapect. i. 3t me Uao 
 joiu wichhirn in expreasing my hf'pc ihut uhe uegotiation.s now in progress between tht> 
 Dominion and the Oovfct anient of Washiiij^^tou for -ft renewal of commercial relations - 
 noj^otiations whiuh I bsli^'ve have been tiitjied upon in the spirit of the utmost coufideace 
 and good 'A'ill on botli aides -may be carried to a .successfr.l issue. Mr. Ciiairman, your 
 eicy had already given me its fo.-mal welcome aa I w.is passing through it on my way west 
 '.vards. No »vant of respect would have been sbown i: you bad let me pass through Wiu 
 fit])pg a oiToud time- unhonored and unnoticed. You have, however, given mo on my 
 return from a holiday trip a welcome whi.;h a victorioas general would not have diapis.Hl' 
 But sir, I think your nitizeus felt that their teelinga of loyulty to the Queen re(juired soirie 
 tiling more than those formal manifestations which usage has consecrated, and it ia for 
 that reason that l.\3^ night and to dii.y you have met the Queen's repreaeutative with thcsu 
 remarkable manhestations of youi goodwill. [(Treat applause. | In your kindnras to mc 
 tbero is perhnps a jlight element of oiueity for 1 f^el enti: u!y une(|ual to tho task of sayinc 
 unythinc to you worthy of tiie ocoaaion. I may say, in", '.that dn.ring the fe'. week.-* 
 which have elapsed aiccf f last liad the plea.-^are of moetii.c; .ru I have travoUed over sc 
 T?iuch firoiiud and eneonatei^ d such a number of novel expei- unoes and excitements tiiat I 
 teel aa if I stood unre in nc?d oi the quiet rotiremeut ot my study than of an opportunity 
 of niikint; public apeenhcd. It 'nay interest you to hao.v how we have been spending uui 
 time since we saw yon last, and if >ou care tc listen ;. few moments to what I fear will 
 amount to a bear and iu.ornani"nted enumeration of the differout stageaof our journey, I am 
 4}'<ito ready to make it. I shall be content if the kno.vledge thnt it is po.'ssiblc to .ee «o 
 much that is wonderful and attractive ^^ithia a very tev/ days inspires some of you to 
 foHow in our footstep.^ r.nd to know a little more of the toarvolloiH ouuntiy >vbieh ia yours. 
 Oi;; hrat obiEci after leaving Witiaipeg ■.va.i to visit the tw\ l^ranch lines, .vhioh, lea>Mng 
 the niain track at Winnipeg and l'.)ttuge h; Praiiie, ri'Viiectively traverse the northwestern 
 and aonth*-i\stern portions cf this Province. We travelled tr. Mauitou by the one, and for 
 a few miles beyond MiuDeMoaa by the other. Let me, in the tirst nlaco, pay how glad I am 
 to bad thatthii conatructl)!' of those branch railways is prcco "ding ao satisfactorily. 
 Brauoh liuea of railway are absolutely nrceiiaary if the re.a.ources of this '.ountry are to be 
 properly devulorod. [Lri.' applausf^ | They are as neces.sary to the m;',).i line as iinabn 
 are to the human trunk. Tint i-i a coneiusii.m which I tbi'ak your o^ a people have 
 4xpresaod precty difitinctly on many ocoasioug, it m indeeii perfectly i.hviou.j that tk»e 
 /ineat wheat land in tJie »->r!d wid he ntxv door to valueles.s ii Its diatansje from a railway 
 station is ho gnat as toimpcae wj.aJ ia virt'.ally a prohibitive tax upon every buahei (ii 
 grain which ia (.arriad to market. "1 ravelling' along both of these lines and ai<ain in the 
 nei;.-hbori\ood of Hraadon, I aaw a greater e-ctent of first rate arable land than it had ever 
 i)eenmygoOi[ fortune to look upon before, [Applauae.J I do .iOt rrean by this to say 
 that all the land throu^'i widcii we passei' v\a3 of the same first rate quality. There was, 
 OB the contrary, and partii.;!lirly iu oloa-.- proximity to tho tracks which often tallowed 
 gravelly and comparatively !iuproduets-e ridges, a good deal of thinner and apparently 
 \>oorer soil. A g^-eat deal of it, however, is of extraordinary richness. f rn.ay also 
 observe that at Home points and •■•otabiy in the neighborhood of Minnodosa there is uiuoh 
 agrieahle scenery anil undulatinc land relii \-ed by oopsewood and lake, and likely to prove 
 attiaotivc to those who objoct as some ijotthus prob.ibly will un, to the monotony of the flat 
 pmirie. [H.-ar, hear.] During our journey tiviough these districts 1 had tho opportunity 
 of meeting and conversing witi/a consider ih.le number of the settlers, and was glad to find 
 ihem, ahnost without exception, hopcfil ;i<!d full of laith in tho future of their adopted 
 
 
13 
 
 N 
 
 ■• -mtry. We heard, it is true, li good deal \vilh r«giir4 to the injury done to the crop by 
 ,i;ly fioaks and tliere .an be no doubt that iu cfcrtaia dimtrita that injury has bewn baiIous. 
 I tlo not, nowcvf.r, believo for a •nosaent that thin obstacle, of whioh 1 do not wish to under- 
 kUj thti vmportauce, ik «oicg to b*; fatal to the cultivation o( uheat in thia Province. Tb'it 
 ii, 1 think, the opinion of the Bottlers themselves, and 1 mast say tiiut I was dclij^Kfod to 
 iud 'hat fvou where theinpry waa gi-eatfjt tlioba who had Buffered it, far from adni'.ttihjf 
 !iat *.hia defloiency was in msurniouii'ablc one, wtre addiessin,',- tnemmilveH in .i mauly and 
 ouiagtous spirit to the task, of divisii'c; meanK by wbich they might counteract it iu tbe 
 'itnrc. And I have no doubt that they will tucceed. I say thibnot because I wish to pre- 
 ,id to any speri.ii knowltige ot af,'iiculture, hut because 1 know that in all parks r,f- the 
 .1 f' ' at;rioultnraiiata have fonud it uecesiary to adr.pt tlio methods wliich they pnr.iue to 
 ,;; ■■(•::• re(|uiroiuent8 of the districts in whioh th^.y have to live. This in thi' ca?e witli 
 ;i >.'.iid to the breeding o! sitocks m well ay the raisiug 'A crop?, au i [ have no doubt tuat in 
 . !ti, uhe farmerH of Manitoba and the Northwest ^'v.\ tind it possiblp to adopt a syRtcmi ci 
 vvheut growing liy whioh they wii' coutrive to elude the c-niv which Ijhh up to the pr»sunt 
 ^i<r' punished them so severely in some districts, ^\enllJ8t recollect, iu the tiist j.lace. 
 i^at ii by no nieaufi follows tlat, t.i oauae tli^re luive been early fiouts during the latit three 
 >:,aBonB, that they will alway' re-uir at the same time of the year, Wc have lately luid in 
 the olu country four or five wet .iUinmers iu suocession, but no one believes for a ui'inient 
 that they will continue for an iodelinite tinje. There is nu distriot in tin, world m which 
 agriculture is pursued PubjtirC to some drawbacks, and it ia probable that in this country 
 ihcre will always b>' a certain amount of ill] u'.y from thin particular oiiuse. The M'l.ole 
 matter, howevci , lies within a very tnial). compass. A fortnight j, earlier n)aturity, 
 whether obtained by tlie selection of a differ* Lt variety of grain or by earlier sowing, 
 rt'ould, I fancy, get rid of the trouble altogoth'.r. The visitatiouR of the frost arc ah:), we 
 vouut remember very partial in their character. We Raw many sauiples of first-rate fjuality 
 grown on lands adjoining those where the datnage had bccn grcateat, and I have heard the 
 opinion expressed by some ^';ood judges that, aa th.e area of cultivated land in this country 
 niereivsee, and the subsoil boeomee more generally brfken up, w© slall finii that the Ian« 
 •vill become drier, and consecjueutiy more and moie free from IrOHts. It is also to b« 
 .emeni bored that in many cases the grain which has suffered most has hevu grown upon 
 newly lu-oksu land; upon which after the seed has hen thoroughly pulverized by one or two 
 inoie croppings we may fairly expect to t*Ge the berry . 'pen earlier than it does at prescut. 
 ^Ve vdiould at any rate not allow ourselvco to be over fiighten-'d. [Hear, heiir. J I may 
 say thatl think a good deal of 'responsibility rusts upon those who having been unbickj' in 
 t! is respect at once write to the newspapers and represent this country as a frost-bitten 
 wilderness, and yarning intending sot'lers from coming neurit. 'J'his part of the Doinin- 
 icn has Indeed been injured scr'onsly juth by those who take a nuich too gloomy and th»s» 
 ,', bo take a much too sar.guino view of its proapects. I scarcely know whcih doet moi-t 
 irj^chic), the false impression created by hasty generalizations founded upon excep'ioual 
 cases 8nch as those which 1 have described or of the over-colored ac<ounts of tlio advantages 
 enjoyed by settlers in the Norchwest whioh one sometimes reads— (hear, hear|— and which 
 rspresent your prairies as poHsessing a soil and climate such as those which the ant-ieat 
 lioc::sabcribed as the Islands of the Blf:st, where the earth bore its Iruit without the hus 
 landman's toi' and tUe vineyards flourihhcd untouched by the pruning knife. We cancot 
 m-lecd fonu auy cstiraate of the future of wheat growing in this couutrj' without the 
 atmoet cautum. The tall iu the prices of wheat, which, 1 hope, touched the bottom last 
 year, mu6t indeed have caused many of us to pause and ask ourselves whetluT the tinut 
 might not come when, in the face of such pricfb, it M'ould become inipoasiblt;, even with 
 the hnedt soil in the woild, to grow a bushel of wheat at a remunerative price. It you care 
 for rny opinion, I will gi, ; it to you for what it is worlh. I air, inclined to think that for 
 iiomo time to come the price of wheat Ik likely to rule low, pro!.>ably iu>t much higher than 
 it does at present. That, is, howevei-, a state of things which must in time pass away 
 rh»-rjlatioDS in which the demand fo) and ihesupji'y of this great staple of human food 
 stand to each other, i.iust intivitably tluctua>:o from time to time. Sometimes there will be 
 too many mouths to feed, and not crough food to put into them ; sometimes, when great 
 additions are suddenly made to the food producing area, the supply increases suddenly and 
 iltcgether outstrips the demand. That has been the oase within the last few years. From 
 the Western States of America and from British India enormous siipplics ot wheat grown 
 probably at a very small pre (it have been pout od into tho markets of the world. There 
 ire several considerations of which we should \iot lose sight, Iu the first place the number 
 of iBonthB is always incrtasing, and for the present at all events there is nothing to show 
 ihat the increase is likely to be arrested. The time must come, when to some extent at all 
 cventa, the demand must again tend to over take the supply. 1 wan told the other day 
 ujfcu excellent authority, that at the present time the United States consuircd all but i 
 per cent of the total amount <>£ wheat and corn produced within then. The time will com» 
 when thin part of the Dominion will be fully occupied by settlers just as in the crise of the 
 Western States settlement followed upon tb> constri.i.';ion 'if the great continental linen, 
 and then you will require here an annually in-icasing proportion of the cereals whicb yoB. 
 
 
 
 I! 
 
14 
 
 arc able to produce. The old world js cominn every year to depend more and more upon 
 tbe new for its food «uppl).i8. It is.more t-sjieciaUy in the old country that the proiiortion 
 •f imported food 8fnff« showa a phenoin.nal iiicrease. Twenty years ago wo iinporti-u 
 wh«at und wheat flour to th« v.i'uo of /,i'7,000,000 W« no;v import it to the valtio oi 
 /(JO 000 000. [Applause.] Twenty years aj^o wo iroportod a million and a half hundredw 
 weiaht of meat ; we now require 8!x million huudroda weight. (Applause.) Tiie totr>; 
 y.ilue of the fool btr.lfd iinpf rc'vl oy *i:.;at liritain in 1883 roachod the euormons tn'al «i 
 /■171 uOO.'JOO and that ti.vait; yuit intiy depend upon it. i-3 ouo whioli will increaae rathi r 
 Uau diiuiuisl' as th<; population of Grnac lUitain becoines larger. Those tood .^lupplieb ar<e 
 irawu from uln03t every country of the wi)/ Id. Now 1 had oooasioa thi; other day iii 
 addressing an Ontario amlimLo to point out a vury sin.ill proportion of thia -jarn riiKoaentc. 
 iaiports from IV'itish North Am'-i:ca, Of tliat total >ibout :-'U per di at, comes to U6 freii 
 tko I'uitf'd ;S 'i.U'.a, about 10 per cent from (ijnn«uy. ubo'.it S pjr oout. from Brit-idh Indi., 
 •wkile from tJcitidi N Kth Ainoiica wo take only alittle over :{ pyr c-nt. Takiuy th'i case ■■. 
 wbt-at aud wheat II our alone our total impurta roach the value of ^4-1, 000,000. O! this w.- 
 tak )';i per jcnt. only from the fanuers of t!iia con 'itry. 1 cmnot bring myself to beliov 
 ttitt this state of l.*iiog» will uiintihue. Thsr. ar^ many i.idicalions that it, i.-i not liko'y v> 
 ioso and thac wo will beobligti as time g033 on to loi k more and niors to the bro.u; 
 aorea'of this coufitry for o«:r supplies of food, i Appluiae. i 1 am a little nervous i: 
 speaking about the I ailed .Stiitey li.?fore my fri"nd Mr. (Jouaul Taylor, but unless we ar: 
 aiisinfornicd, the soil in mauy parts ci tiio Uuited S:ste8, which vow aeoda ub our large.-' 
 «pplica of whettl and !] r.'c.issUowing aigns of exhaueii'jn and yielding a yearly (iiiuinuhioj.- 
 return. It now stundt; a Itfcle over I'i l-usheLsto the acre, and wo must not forgnt that uj 
 Statca land for nothi'ij; is a rtuni,' of tiie past. If you jompAre the position of a Cjnadiai' 
 iiittler v/'.t.n hia fivtj h^meatc..'!, Ideiniexhauated boil, and a yield which we may take, i 
 ikiuk, wituow being over aaugi ine, ut "20 bushels to the aero, with his competitor in Ihr 
 iiliates producioa; !>i tv/een \'l c.i \o husheln, upon laml which hai been mereili;esl;. eroppe^< 
 l«r ft great rum >jor of years, I co not think the (.anadiun net d have mucii anxiety -is (,i.. 
 like result. ^Louu ;ir.p!auf3e.) I have aeon it said, on whU I bi-lievo to be excellent autko: 
 ity, that in Briti.^h India, ->vi.;''Vi stands nexl on the list, the < ropa have l-aeli' been growi. 
 &t 1 coat which is bu.re)y repaid by the price? obtained for th; m. "-With abundance of (e- 
 Wlo noil, with scientific appliauce for ita cultivation and with easy access by railway to 
 tfce great centres of distribution, yonr farmers^ appear to me ti. be well i)rovi<led with ar 
 Ae coo Jitions of suocesa, and I shall be surprised, if, before ten years aie over, the terror. 
 •f low pi ices and earfy frosts do not become things of tl^i past. (Loud applaud j.) R>a 
 geiitkniiea. n.y ^jcjiine has got oil the rails, and I laurft rc.uune my jjuiuey or I shall dotait, 
 you voo long. We spent a quiet day at the thriving littif^ city of ]?;iiidoi;, of toe neigh 
 borhood of \\fhich ' i'ad y:!BtPda\ anoth'.-r opportuuicy of seeing ajmething. We then pa. ' 
 a visit to the Uell i'arm »t Indian Head, were we spent a very pleasant a>ui Interebtiii 
 iay, I do not think I nred intlict upon you r.n accouut of all that we saw there, liiMi 
 koca .ISO it has »lri»;uly been deeoribed fully and accurately by many other visitora. Secondly, 
 fceeauso I do not think that any aigumenia founded upon the cxpeiicnce of the Bell Far*, 
 where wneat growing la carried on under conditions, aud with appliancrts and facilities for 
 a#ceB3 to the railway, not by any ro'sana generally enjoyed by Manitoba farmera, wouW W.' 
 worth much as bearing u^'on the general '[uestion of vi'heat raisiug iu this country. (Loud 
 *f»plause, 1 I ihould, morei. -er, be sorry to look forward to a future for this country, ih 
 which it siiall b.Kv"^me nothif.; better than a huge wheat iioKl upou which the humarr Ixiig^ 
 wuald not be ni.ir> r.uuieroiis than the selfblcders. 1 s ly this, Decaeue, in the ti.'-st place, 
 wkeat growing is not faruuno in the proper K'jese of the vord, ar.''. however great the fer 
 sill -y of the soil, I question whether th<ire in any which will stiiia continuous wh"at pre 
 faction without eventual deterioration. If 1 had to drsoribt. the future which i shoulij 
 J. aire for your province, I .should sny that I he|jc te see '^ one da;; ieaen.ble a portion of tkt 
 Froviuce of ('•ntario, through which I have lately had the pjeaaueo of travelling, a district 
 divided into tirms of a moderate .^i^e equipped with oomfyrtable honiesteKls rud dovotod 
 fc* mixed farming. (Great "ipphiuse, i There is ni reason why the agricultural .ays'^eui of 
 Wanitoba should not come to resemble that ct' Western Ontario. From Indian Head wc 
 made a ple:'.3aut excius.on to the b-.autiful Qu Appslio Lakes, where I waa glad to kad 
 a iiumber o! brii-ht and iuloUigent Intliau lads rsceiviiig a tood education under the kiadly 
 g«idance of '''ather iJugonard. Leaving Fort Vu'x\ppidlo we regained the lino at Tr»j 
 station afrer a ride which would have ;;:-en more agreeable it >.e !iad not missed oiT way 
 just before dark tnd spent son-.e time in recovering it. I have often been to'd that I Hh»«li 
 b« impressed by tuu • x:ent. ;.f your prairies, audi must own that upon that paiticalar 
 wcaaion tiiey appeared to ba two or three ei/.es too large tor our personal convenienee. 
 (Qreat Iftujjhter. ) We proceeded thence to Rcgina and spent a day agreeably at the capital 
 •r the Nortii- West Territories, where we received a welconu not less cordial than that 
 which your people had been good eaou*.'ii to extend to ua. Wc then travelled westward 
 ■util we reached Dunniore, where we joined the new line recently constructed by the Qah 
 Company to iiethbrid;;e. Here we made ourselv.^s avquaintei with an indostry the de^ol- 
 sptneut of which is likely to p^'Hlut^ & very marked etfuct upon the future 0( 
 
i5 
 
 'le aeisjii 
 
 Hiw part of the Domlnioc. lu the oliflFn of Lethbridge and the vinicity there app^Arg 
 
 '. > stortiil a bouadloEH 8uppl> of exoellont coal, whioh would unnj< warmth ami comfort to 
 
 jiOiiHands of Cmadian homes, and the diucovcry of wfiich will go f ir to meet the critl- 
 
 .' .,18 ol fhoBo who ftfo iu the habjt of deeoribirig the North-wtBt aa having li clitiiate of 
 
 ^;-;jeptloi)i).i severity, without the UiJcehSHry nuous of cncounteriii« it,. (<lruat u{.plaiia(5,) 
 
 J. I this iliitriot alone there arc, aLcordiog to th'! rccciiHy issued goologicbl rejiort, aooie 
 
 l^o.UOO.CKK) Touaof excellen* coal available. At Lethl , tdRe wi; deserted the railway track 
 
 ii>r a tiBic, and oxuhangi'd car;* for what is to mo a very rau,;h jileusaiittr conveyance, a good 
 
 '•^Dncho horae. During our first day's ride we had, thunka to the cou'rtPBy of Mossr!", 1. 0. 
 
 !l;ht r A C*,, ftn opportunity of eeeiu;^ something of one of their hu^^e her.la of cattle and 
 
 ;>; ^.iir acta of proweaa which Ihbir oowbows nro able to pinform with horn' and lasfro. We 
 
 -ndiid the day with a loug and interefltiug meetiiig with the Hlood ladiiint., aud wo pitched 
 
 our oanip in a delightful spot not vury far from their reaorve. Upon t)ie lollowiug day 
 
 v.»; jirowBed ou, atill on horisebuck, aa far as the famoua Corhrane ranche. VVe were now 
 
 wichiE Hi|?ht of the magiiilicent par.i.rama of the Rooky Mountains, aiid I wish that my 
 
 powers of description wrro iiuflicieiit to i.nable me to give you an idea o!' the sight which 
 
 I'll t «ur eynB, whcr., a little before suuf?' , we found gatherml before ua in a ';iad of natural 
 
 ;nifhitiifc«tre Burrounded liy rolling hills, thickly covered with tin.- nulritioua grasBea of the 
 
 viiritiy, a herd of uoiae 5,000 auiraali., whith had been rounded up i:i honor of our vifcvt. 
 
 ')' tkese the groat majority abowcd abundant evidence of the good rteults which have fol- 
 
 ;'.rvv«d from tho introduction of high claHS male animals. A number of thcEo pedigree bulla 
 
 were to be seen throughout the herd, and it did notre()Uii.; an exptriinccd eye to detect 
 
 thd iniprtisaion which had been left ou their offspring by the carefully Kelected bulls of 
 
 Snortlioru, FoUod Anguis and Hereford brjcds, which ^^e saw surrounded by their respec- 
 
 ;.tve harema. The scene was altogether a btrikiug aud romarkabic oue, the more so when 
 
 .. ih rpsietnbered tha>t of thtsie Canadian rancho uattleacarcely any have yet been exported 
 
 i TiHrope, the whole marketable dupply beiug r<.(]uirtd either for tho support ci the Jludiana 
 
 ,. f»r local purposes. ^Loud applauoo.; From this point wo travcllod, still on horae hack, 
 
 Fort MrLeod, aud thence to Calgary, a long but most int'jitstiug ride, piiisiud for ihe 
 
 M,iit part within sight of the Rocky Mountains and tnrough rolling prairie auitable for 
 
 •jpportinj; large heida of cattle or flo'-ka of sheep. This is a busy aud entertaining little 
 
 vri>, ihtj Hituation of which i^ not '>nly pictureei|ue in the extreme, bnt owe which will 
 
 i->,aever a large transcontinental tti.flic becometi established, give it very cocRiJerable 
 
 uuncieial advantages. From L'-olgary we travullcd eaatward for a few milea in order to 
 
 it the lUackfcet ludiana. 1 am glad to aay that I was moat amiably received, both by 
 
 ■oe aud tkeir kinsmen the Bloods, and thtit I obtained from both, and especially froia 
 
 ■^•*Trfoot. the Teverable chief of the Fdackfcet, assurances, oi tho aincerity of which I 
 
 . -t'o no ■k'ubt; that their co>i duct would be not lets satisfactory than it )ia« been during 
 
 ,'•> trying times of the auuunor through wiiiuh we have jual passed, ^.^pplausc; It is 
 
 napoiBiblo to meet thest poor people, and to listen to their atutements without the deepest 
 
 ' • H»g of sympathy for tlxdr pre»ent position. They are the aboriginal inhabitants of this 
 
 ojiinent. They regard themselves, and not nnuatr. rally, aa the li'gitiiriato occipants of 
 
 i.>» soil. We can .scarcely bo .surprised, if, -no'.v that the buffalo upon which ihcy have 
 
 j,^l>aiited for so many year."? past iui'! heeonic almost completely extinct, their hearts oces- 
 
 •i«i.ai)y sink within them when they S'ie, as they expreps it ^liemaeives, that the white 
 
 :.ian is getting rich and ti\e red man poorer with every y;*^ that passes. It is quite unneoea- 
 
 -ar_f to discnvs the question of their so called title to ihc lunds of the .Northwest. The 
 
 i*tren;jt,h of thoii* title, if they have one, is not in its legal aspect, but in tho rnoial claim 
 
 wkii;h they have to the moat considerate treatment ai the hands of thcsti who have brought 
 
 .« to the country that irreaistabie tide of civilization before whose advance the native rai-es 
 
 k,%»« dwindled and receded. I em glad that the Government ot the Pominion has never 
 
 ♦'vr!ed to recognii.e its oljligation to deal guntly and humauelv with them aud that we has'e 
 
 «.•>«« ti:e whole been extremely ouccessful in doiog so, lOreat applause.) Tho problem in 
 
 . rr? difficult and intricate one, und rt'/.ire3 tlie greatest patience on tho part of those 
 
 X ^i.ivfl to eol/o the diflluuMj of ketping thp'ie unfortuhate beings from starvation without 
 
 ' neriiiing them, and of leading 4um by methrds which must neotaHarily be alow and 
 
 .: .duiii and at first fii'l of disappointment, lo.-arda a civiliz.itioa which at present s xms 
 
 to b« eo far l»eyond their reach. (Applause,) We new once tnore turned our faces -.vest- 
 
 war^s, and scon fonnd oursolvea amongst the crags and precipices of tlvo ilockv Moun- 
 
 t.iina, wbicli we a8''.<M)ded so gradually and with s..' much ease to oar«el\TiS that it was 
 
 'ificult to beli;-\f that wo had at last reaohed ths aunnait of the famoua Kicking Horse 
 
 i-.iss. I ought perhaps to ref.'r in passing to two poiijteof special interest which pre- 
 
 ..,,'>:.>, 1 theniEolvea !it this stage of our journey. One of these is a magnificent spring of 
 
 ••n,..jTf.l water of warm temperature and evil odor— (laughter) — pos.seaaing, i have nt/- 
 
 'o*b?,, valuable medioinal qualities, in which our party enjoyed one of the moat luxurioua 
 
 ;',Li8 which 1 ever took. I have little doubt t):at the time will come whci., our 
 
 ('■aiadiun invalida will repair to iianff instead oi to Aix leg liains or Vviesbaden 
 
 "' r the roatoration of their health Ly those libations of aulpuur water, and by tho reapira- 
 
 lon cf the pure mountain air, jrhich I have always regaidtdaa having more to do do witk 
 
the cu.-c than any oUier put of it. The ii«ciu«l point is the discovery in thia neltjhbor 
 head of a Be»m of very high olaiw uoal, which, I Umleratand, more ologcly reHumbU-H tlit 
 hard coal of Nova Scotia tlian that found further to the east. (ApplauBo. I We now tra> 
 elled dowu the tdniou-j temporary gradient of 4) piT cout. by whicii the lim; doscuods tl.. 
 western Hlopc of thi) R'K'kiita. It will porhups bo KUlFiuioat if I tull you thut wc at^:o'.. 
 pliah^d this part oi our j >urney without oven ;» momentary iiualm, and with a nt»'adinf: 
 and .-'br.fty of movf.ncnt which I never know c\coedfcd iu nty travelling days. Th. 
 Rojky NJounlainH once traversed tlio uBoout of the M^ikirks begiuH. It would rvqairf tli> 
 lantuaf^t; of a great poet or the liruHh of a great painter to do iuslu o to those. 'I his w- 
 !a my mind the -r4ii.i.:'flt. and mowt wonderful postition of our j nirnoy. T will not attou]' 
 the taak, and I will only tell jou that at this niyuiout my foeiingt. f-i;- ttioso who have iv 
 seen these natural wouilerH are feelings of the dcepeat pity whioh 1 Hh.kll exchange for tli 
 most unutlerabh. c.mtenipt, il, within a few uonih^ after the opening of the line fur trail. 
 they do not avail thonibclvcH ff the facilities uJIorded to them for seeing scenery, vvhici; . 
 believe vo be unsui passed in any other part of the world. \Loud applause.) At this poii; 
 Hoon after leavieg toe Minnnit wc iig.iin left the oarp and eommeneed our journey across th< 
 gap, the length ol whioh at thit time rauehed about 47 miles, an extent let nio say, wluih 
 would beyond all doant have been very much shorter had nut the exvwptionally heavy 
 raiufall or tiu' hite «ummer, in many placeH rriod down from the hillsides an almoi*. 
 ceiieless llow of clay and gravel .ind seriously retarded the operations of tiie contractors 
 Oar liisi r.ight was epent in camp on the banks of the (Columbia Kv/er close to the 
 village of I'lrwell, .•» bimtling little plate of aonn 300 iahalntunts. Every house in it was 
 lisstioyed by fire a few rnouths a^,o, but it has risen from its a-shes and is now full uf life 
 and activity. I'h ponitiou in a tine open valley where the railw,"\y oiosseH the watora of 
 the Columbia River, which are navigable up to this point, gives it very considerable advan 
 tagee. It h, however, a.s a ce:..tre of mining industry that Farwell expects to aohievt 
 greiit things. Inmii'ditely to the ncrth of the settlement lies thn auriferous region <;on 
 tuiLiwd withmthe famouH lig li^nd of the Cjhm.bia River :» region within wiiich the 
 presBuoe ol depotsitd of undoubted richuesH has long been known. Thcso deposita have 
 beea alreidy worked to considerable extent^ but the immanfle diflicsultiep of transport and 
 the prohibitory pricaa of I'.il the necessaries of life have hitherto been an insurmountable 
 ijarrier in the >vay of the succfciisful prosecution of the eeterprise. There is every ch»n!;e 
 that the season of ISJiO will see agreat lush of miners to these gold iields, and I hope a 
 «r«.'at accession of wealth and propaity to the town of 1^'arwell. (Applause.) I pliali 
 always consider myself fortunate in having been compelled to ride on horseback by easy 
 stages over thif niOdt iuterf eting jfcctiou of the hue. New wonders aro revealed at eveiy 
 Lnca of the road. Snow capped pinniicles of vast height and fantastic shape, great 
 glaciers, preoipitous clifl't», raging torrent^!, trani|uil lakes, while almost thrcughout the 
 whole leuj^th of the journey thnre liscs on ftU sidej trees the like oi which 1 had never seeu 
 nor dreamed of, i shall never forget the. .'^pot in which our camp was pitched on the eve- 
 ning of one of the two days whioh we spent in traversing the gap. Our tents stood in a 
 narrow glade aurroundf^d on every side by eedirs, not the cariars which we are uaed to in 
 old Canada, but the variety to which tlie botanistd iiave very properly given ihe. name of 
 Gigmtea, and wldch tower t^OO feet and more towards the aky. By the light of our camp 
 hjc it was posBibc to see these huge gi ay Etems stretching upwards till they loat them- 
 selves in tiie daihnens, reaching, for ail ■nr. knew, to the stars, which twinkled down upon 
 us from the vault above, and thid groxe, the trees of whioh were [nobably 9 or 10 feet 
 in diameter, was ouiy a fair .sample cf tho forest, which compoajd p;irtly of the beautiful 
 Douglas fir .ad hemlock, clotheu the hili sides foi' miles on either side of us. In order to 
 realise lue importance t f these forestct wc must i^!)iemi)cr that it is iu British Columliia 
 alone that we have still a large trace of timber bearing country, upon which aK yot scarcely 
 any iraprcsaion has' been made either by fire or the axe. But our eventful ride camo to an 
 end, and we found ourjcdves once more on the cars and travelling over the Onderdouk 
 line along the \ uiley of the Thonip.son River towards the Pacific coast. We had a delight- 
 ful cruise on the beautiful .Shuswap Likes, a veritable British Columbian KiUarney. 
 (Applause. ) ^^o spent oiie night h^re and a second at the picture8(|ue village of ^^l^e — 
 one of the loveliesi spots, whero almo-^t evsrytbing is lovely or interesting, and one which 
 is, 1 think, likt ly to bo largely irequcnted by tourists, whenever the attractions of this 
 route ccme to be more generally understood. If we wanted the poet and the painter iu 
 the Rocky Mountaina ;ind the Sckirks, we wanttjd him not less as we flew along the mar- 
 \ellou8 canyond of tho I'raser River, tlie windings of which we followed through scenery of 
 marvelloi;s grandeur and wildnesa, the turbid waters of the river Bowing at our feet and 
 directly belosv us, until, as tiie valley broadened out and revealed longer, wider stretches 
 of cultivable land, we left it to strike the salt water at Burrard inlet, upon which tha ter- 
 minus of the liuv. is to bo establishod. Here we took steaiuers and sailed for a few hours 
 over the quiet v.'aier8 winch div"^- t.be main land from \'ancoa\<r Island. Behind us the 
 higCi peaks of the cuast range, bofor<- i;.o the magnificent outline of the Olympian moun- 
 tains, while far away to the sruth Mount Baker, with itu 14,000 feet of hight, loomed uj 
 «li8inctly against the sunset sly. Wo arrived on the evening of the (5bh at Victoria, the 
 
17 
 
 ^DUT and proHporons caplUl c/ tfa« *^'ii.aific Province of the Dominiou. The next (ew dkya 
 
 4'm t> api'iil in viaita U) ihflTorQn!. purtiona of the ialund to KaquLnitult, whero the ^ravbig 
 
 .'■■c.cU, dtiHigued to be no much i^ervlco both to oar iuiperikl and moroantile nav'ua ta making 
 
 i ;M»ii pr')>(rea8, ni.il to Nftn»imo, whi r»< we itaw aoiriothius; of the coal minea ao imi'"''**"* ^' 
 
 - jxrtion o! thw racifjo «oa board, and to Nkw VVeattnln«tw, th*> ploturoa'juely aUk- 
 
 .ttv^ Mainland capital of th<f Province. It would bo idle for tn<^ to attempt to des tibo all 
 
 'v : Mftw in thia moat attractire adi) inttircRting porliou of the Dominiua. Tbure are, 
 
 b'i«*eTer, two obaorvatloua ivkich i ahould liko to m»Ve. The flrat ia thia, that wo found 
 
 *hi peopli; of British Columbia, withcit eioeptiou, full of roufidence ia the rtitu!** lilinly to 
 
 iiiihlcvud by thu conir.li.fi.in o! the CauAdian Faoirio ILki way for their proviai^a, aud 
 
 'i'.4y to forget the mam iiaAppointmrnta and u,n?(ietlea ocoAaion'^d to them ia t'.f earlioi 
 
 : :<<i(iTy of the line in ti!»^ cutitemplation of the ^ruat advantagus, matrrial and pchUcal« 
 
 f«nieh 'til HaoofiMful .;on'itruotioji in likely to bring to their Confedi^ration ia a« fir aa fthey 
 
 wiU Itrtnot'for'^^h beconcorned, f- u«e their on rr^resnion, ^ matter of fact and no lop.({er of 
 
 tn«t-ry (!,oud applaiiae i I wjuld In the uext wlao- obstrvK that if any aaoaifioe bft* 
 
 Vr -n in ulo for tho aake ot orinving the Provi'ice of Briiiiah Columbia into oloH-.ir connection 
 
 i)h the reat of tho r-omiaiou that haorilicu waa well worth mukin^ for the sake of joiniuv 
 
 '. taraelveu a country poaaeHain^ nu^h natural ad vantageb .»nd attractions tn BritiHli Cof 
 
 <:bia. Ita natural reaourlen are conaiderable. It ha'< immcna*^ wealth of timber, ot min 
 
 t ;; ie, and of fish. In regard to ila timber h haa, aa I liive already eaid, a larger ajua of 
 
 itovuhed timber lauds than any other portion of tho noatineuk. Aa to the tish 1 can per- 
 
 , .in* give yoi tho boat Idea of their a>iuiidanoe by mentioning that salmojj thia aummet 
 
 •j-e aclling on the Praaor 1 liver at one cent apiece. { Applause ) Ita ilelightful aoi 'lery is 
 
 axki and majeatici, without '.'ternneaa and aeyerity. Ita pnaoeful inlets frinijed with 
 
 «,uied foliage. Ita quiet waters alivo witli lieh and fowl. Ita genial iiod equablt* i^Umato 
 
 •eaentbling tn many reapecta that of thi? Old Country, rei]U>re to bo knowu in order to be 
 
 &P]Nreciated. We iiow se* O'jr facea homevard once n ;o. Of our homeward journey 
 
 ■ need only tell yon that tli« aceuory 'tppeard Vi ua even finer than before, when wo aaw it 
 f;ir tke acccmd time, and that wo founn thr. jrap redaced in length by tweu'y miles during 
 
 ar ahort abaenoe. Wo travelled rapidly over the praL , apent an >i>4tecablo day at 
 
 ■ajadon, and yesterday evening found onraelvoa in the noapitable uity of Winnipeg, aud 
 
 oeiviog from ita inhabitanta a reception auoh an I, for one, never expected to roooiro in 
 
 V. f official career. (ApplauBo. ) I hare told you, I a;n afraid in very trite aud tmimag- 
 
 ■iwtive language, ti^o story of my wanderinga. I have returned from tliem with many 
 
 ■ idipreaaiona which will remain indelibly impren^ed on my mind. Amongat theau ia, in 
 t'lc &rat place, that which haa been left by the invariable kimlneaa and attention which we 
 ' upeiicnced at the handa of all tho3« with whom we came in contact during our journey, 
 KrMM lirat tolaat wo were received with an amount of courteay and conaid^ratiou which 
 ;>dded greatly to tho pleaauro of oui travels. I muMt mention more e8p<icial)y in thia con- 
 ncAkion tho thoughtfulncaa and attention of tijeotllcera of the North-weat Mounted i^olloe 
 vfho took charge of ua during onr long ride over the prairies. Nor wore we Isea fortunate 
 ;• ike arrangenienta ma io for us from tho beginning to the end of our railway jonrnfy by 
 
 'h* oficiaia of the Canadian Pacific Itailway, to whom, I fear, our aomnwiiat erratic 
 MOT«aaenta muat have oeoaaioued a great deal of trouble, but who a^iared no etforta to 
 make our expedition agreeable to ua, lliere ia another thought which baa alao been fte* 
 taeaily in my mind during the laat few daya. It ia impoaaiblc to travel from this city to 
 iae weatem ocean without feelings of admiration for the courage, and I am almoat tempted 
 *u Bay, the audacity, both of those who fir«t conceived and of thoee who have carried out 
 i'O ft anoceaaful conaunimation thia great national work. The oonstcuntiou of the (.'anadiac 
 j\t«.C« Railway atanda alone in ihe hiatoty of great achiovoments ia railway building. 
 
 ■ "ippiauae.) The pby<<ical ditTicnitioe which had to be overcome, the nhortiiiBaa of the time 
 »o wklch the work wiv-i carried out, the email nnmericai atrongth of the natioa for whom 
 ^te work hua been done, are without a purallel in the history ol aimilar uudertakinga. Ow 
 rxii^kbora in the great Republic 7 Mch adjoina ua, have, it ia (iuite true, built th*;ir trans- 
 »cMintintal lines, btitit iaone thin^: to follow the line of a wagon road which Laa been In 
 use ffir tipwarda of twenty years, ai;.(i linothor to build auoh a line a^ that which carried as 
 
 tkm Pacific. No one who has not threaded the mae of mcuntaina through which your 
 
 '■'f r«aa — a maao thn>ugh wiii > no psth, not oven a hunter'a trail, had l>een carried natil 
 
 ' -J aoryoyiiik: parties of Mr. >.i^uberley and Major Rogera diacoversd thep^ paaaea — can have 
 
 .'■^V kS«a ot the atupendity ui tin t.^ek. (Great Applauat. ) Ita aucceaaful completion 
 
 •^.- .• well be regarded with -ride i J admiration, both for the moral courage of thoae who 
 
 Ir«B th».' first never doubted the {i'-ndibility of thia groat achievement, Ahd of the enter- 
 
 yrixa and skill of thoae w;io have be<>n responsible, fir^t for the location ani afterwarda for 
 
 file ttonatruotion of tho line through a c>oantry preaenttng auoh ouormona diffloultie6. Well, 
 
 gentlemen, there waa another thou^ m<; which forced itaelf upon my mind during my 
 
 •a^Tk^ek. All thia country over which wo ha"0 been paaaing, ita natural rfiaourcea aud 
 
 r.yaioftl b<.>autiee, belonga tithe Dominion of Canada. You aie entitled to wrif o tae word 
 
 .^oada acroaa the northern half of thin continent, placing, if y^ like, the letter C oo 
 
 *'aa»onTer'e laUnd, and the l«tt" A ou the Marit<n^ Proving But, g«iitleraea, the 
 
 i« 
 
' IS 
 
 map is, ikftot .ill, a merely geographical vxprsMioc, an I ■.he fofiiing whicli rcmiina •tro«(LC Mt 
 in my miud when 1 ooatruipTatr it, ia the newunity that wi- fiLoiilii oich und ail •!' i 
 cntlearor to do what lion in our jio^vur to render tliat, Domini in uoiuothii ,' niuoh uioro li.;.. 
 » ^eo^rapliical expi-MHiou. (Load arpl^nxt ) It i ■ in'-poisible to 1 mk m.on tliic oontin< 
 ocv fcparnely iuhnbited by ji few millionH i>f huiiiK.. ijoinj/s witliout rv llectlni,' how ««■ 
 arc the iotereuts of the prcMont oompired with tlifi<o of the fuinre whi(;h liis hrforw «- 
 Lot M then keep our vi'tion flxod upon that futiir ', .iiid let lis rointifnbcr lio*i vant in t: 
 load ot reeponHibility involved by tho ownerHhip nj this %\'*ii>X country. Itu Jcntijuoa ,i 
 in yoar hiudt*. Hy the vijfor with whioh thia cuvtioiul outcrpriio tUia uationtl highw.;, 
 over w'aich wt \\:\\. juat travelltid - is bciiiR oatricd out you 't'lvo ahowu your inttjutwu n; 
 leavina nothing unJono for the maieriul and politienl oon^idtiation of the Uoniinion, b- 
 the iTovIt is not I'uded, The compb-tion of tho Caiiadl>*u ;' i, ili.: lUllw.iv hae ne kfly kup 
 
 Sicil a JoiKlJtiou without which that work oould not \\\\i bf-cn ourrlod out BucoMfuU/ 
 inrodemtiou witli'jut nho railway was not worth the p'UK'i- on which tho Hritiiih Iiott.*i 
 .imrriua .\<t wita printed. But tlit railway "ill not auhieve the nmiiUa wliioh you oxn'-ct 
 unb^Ht! from one ond of ti. Dominion to th j otbor, youi people oudeavor by luwtiial conmi 
 eratiou and forbuarauct*, l>y the uacriiico of all •ectioual inturoite, by foatii ing a n ition.tt 
 •pirit, t« bind jwoviaco to pro^incie. oity t.) oity. If 1 could venture to ^iye you adTiuc 
 I should say, lot uh all, l«.t the Dominicn irovurnmcnt at Otcawii, tho I'roviucial noT< -; 
 ment i« each provhioo, the muuioipui auth;iitio« In your oilit-a, letovery citi/.aa in Kia •• 
 jilaco, keep before thumboUea a conaoioiia.'ies.i that tho present ftoucration w not hen 
 «rder tkat it may shape the foitunes c' the country for itc own aelti^h end: r teu>p*v:i.> 
 itoTtnience. iGreat applause. ) Let them bear in u.ind that thry are truMitea fui tk- 
 wlio will come aftt r ihMiii, for th> millions who will one day replace the thouHacflH u» 
 %f*tL the soil. Th»t th ir drat duty is ao to rc^juluio th^^ii oouduot at whatever p«iav i 
 k«n'hffs Mks public a1at»i of the nation that i>.-bfcn they aro gone their a-iooesaora m.-ir m. 
 of tkesn that in the uarly daya of thf hiotory ot their count i y those w l»o were in she fw;- 
 ti«n t^ mould itsi youiiL; destiDicH Mded with wisdom and fo;<' lii^ht, aud with a full aenttri • 
 tbeir reMpoasibilittcR tho troiucndous opportunities which i'rovidence placed withi« tkeu 
 rea<th. liemcndr'm appUiae ' 
 
 I 
 
 \ 
 
 HON. THOMAS WHITE. 
 
 Imp.ressioas .Reg:arding the Northwest Gained by an Extensir. 
 Tour Throughout the Territories. 
 
 H«n. Thomaa White, a Omadian statesman, vhoae eminent ability is acknowleilgcv 
 tkrou«hoHt the Oomiaion, and who, upon beiuj,' called laat year to the honoraole poaitit* 
 in the (.anadian (toyernmerfc ol Minister of the Interior, made au extensive tourj o«si 
 the Tfortiiwest territoriea, for the purpoac of familiarizing himself with the capabilitioa *.»» 
 .vfMits of the joiuitry, in order to < tlioiently adndnister tlie ad'airs uf the depurtmcnt •>■ 
 which ho had been called to prssidc. Upon his returD, at a battjuct tendered to him e 
 Winnipeg on the 10th of November, ISS'*. hy the citiaens, in recognition of hia diatin 
 ^uiahed parts as a stattisniau, he made lui excellent speech, in the course of wbick k^f 
 gjiv; ihc foUosving a.'j hiK impressioD of the country : — 
 
 .\.» 10 any inipre-ision 1 may have formed, permit me to say that as 1 am not a farw-"- 
 and inclined to noknoMledtfc of faririog they would neither be of interest nor value to ytt« 
 It wonld be of intiaitcly wore value or n,a to give you something about th<^ impresatatfx 
 gle.%n.;d from oi.hers and ban> d O'l thi i evpcrif lioe. 1 might say that perhaps thcro are fev 
 aaem in Canada who htt>p ..I't-'U more of the p« .iple of the different proviiioea, esjiecially th^ 
 older ones, than it haa been my piivilej<f) to .see. I have addrcaaed audiences in V*«t 
 Br»n«w)'.;k, Xova Hcotia, i'rinue Kdv.ard Island, yiiubcc, Ontario and now, and hitkeiti#, 
 in M;;nic«ba. I have obaerved the people close.1y, and i have the greatest poaaible oraii 
 dene '^ in the hi'r5Ulg(moo of tho i;:an8eM. I never addres'^ed hu audieme ev^en in a back 
 «*Kntrj s hool hci^u without feeling that those prgHent wore a.s capable oi appreciating an 
 arigument iid I wuh mys dt. Without, howovei-, reflecting on the people of the oaatrr* 
 lir^Tinces, 1 can stato here that I never met public bodlea where there is to be found ** 
 large a'j iverage oi intelligent, educated, oouiaf^eouH aud hop'ful people aa I have found in 
 thib Nf»rthw<*t«rn country, u^ear, hear.) It ia not tho nluggard and the indolent wbt 
 makes his way westward. It is the man of enterprise, of energy, of character, who in n»'. 
 afraid to go forth into this new country aud build up a borne, and thus benefit hia fanailf 
 I kavo found iu every part of the Northwest men of the britrhtest "intelligeuce, and I mt^ 
 wme from England ot the highest education. Thoy were gentlemen in aniocks worki»;, 
 away on their farma au;.1 lookji^g forward with a ooarage that nened them to their wttrt 
 
 
19 
 
 C0I una atrou, 
 rh und ail rt' 
 rnuoh morn I ' . 
 tn tiiiK oonti f 
 ctiitg iiow x'.i 
 \ luH hcfor<r -I • 
 ' liov* voitt !•< :' 
 Itti lioHtijtitja .> 
 Abiond liighw , 
 'our iuttiitiea t' 
 
 l>(iniinton, l> < 
 i' had ne.vrly kUf; 
 
 out 8UC(!iiefttll- 
 10 Hiitiali liorth 
 ?hi>'ij you oxiicrt 
 y iiiutiiai conuia 
 to ing a nations. 
 nive you adTitit- 
 uviiiuial <ioTi '. 
 iti/tiu ia Kia • 
 
 1 in nol hen 
 ids or teuipa, . 
 :ruHite8 foi tb > 
 ) thouiuvutlh a* 
 buttivcr jwiav > 
 3oeH8orB m;»Y ta 
 wera in (he «>«" 
 Lh a full oembA • 
 oed withia (kou 
 
 1 ExtensiT. 
 
 ia ackaowledgci.' 
 uoraole poaitic* 
 nHive toiirj o« 'i 
 uapaliilitica A>tt> 
 [1( [uirtnicnt •>-■ 
 (iered to him i 
 n of hi3 diatix 
 80 of whi<?k k 
 
 xiii not a fansTi '• 
 Lor value to y<i« 
 Itii" impreRsiMii' 
 If'H tluTo are lev 
 i, eijpeciaily th* 
 kdiencea in Nf>«r 
 }, and hitkert*. 
 poBsible cmk 
 I e v^sn in a ImusI; 
 ippreciating *a 
 )f the oaatrr* 
 1 to be fouad >»> 
 have found it 
 iudoieut wbe 
 ter, who is b«< 
 [etit hia faailf 
 Ice, and I nr 
 liocka workiv . 
 Ito their wtirl- 
 
 \ na laoH a« thin, I thouj^jht, cannot fall to luring pioMpority in tho futuic. [t ia tho 
 . ii>aion .)f the8«< pioplf tiiat I wuiit to (;ivo you to nijjht, ApplaunoJ Tho Impimi 
 «ioa8 xlvf'n mn wt>r.> thott*) : firat, thut the Innt ♦)ircc or f(MU' year* havo licen ycuraot' 
 •iidcaruinj;. That rnay ho an I'ttraoidiii.uy txpnuxiOD, but it- illaslrat.crt the condition ot 
 tbo jicople of the Niiihwci t. Ihert wim.' rany wlio oame hirt- witii the idea m t of Urm- 
 ,og but (.f iiiaiiufuttuiinjj -vhiMt. Thoy i ad an idea thiit thty lud only to tickle the aur- 
 far* of Iht'He prairica ond Kmy would have an ulinndunt croji. O'.d. .iifii rdviri((4t'>ue H^id 
 di he had to do waa to tickle the prairie in order to raisti hay He gave mo aon.< pptsei- 
 TSfua foiir or five feet hjnf{ which he raiacd on tho pniir iea, ultei »;iirniu(( tiio old j<ra«8 o!t', 
 .lod then rt.imiiif^ tiie harrow ivei' it, and aowim? t.liti timothy. 
 
 The peopk), howtiV.T, htt%c learned in tlio Nottlswewt thnt whilu the land id prodiiciiTe 
 '4) a d'xree hardly to ho ov^r. titimatcd, 'he couil'lion of ^'U.tuHa in earedil honest farming; 
 lud .iilti' ation of the Noil. Yoor after y«.ir tho sefctlerH have been improving in that 
 iesp'Htt. and to-day you will lind all over thene t.-rjitoiiea thut every intedi/;c'nt farmer 
 ."coxni/.!.' the nucesHltyc f fall ploiifihing and aummor toliowinK in order to Ret tho ctops 
 that hhoiild be produced. Another ihiiifj they are. learning luro is ihat it ia not wise to 
 jint ft'i tht ir ejrga into one basUot. I oni not ve.ry old, biil 1 o.iu reinemboi in Ontario that 
 '>ar after year ihoro were fHiliirc8 in tho who.it crop, and it was only wlicji people began 
 ta realize that dopondeuoe on wheat alone wn j n niistuke, and they went into stock r»iaiii>7, 
 that tht. great proaperitv of tliB I rovinoo or Ontnrio wan attained. Tldu idfia \» now Ih>.,','im- 
 aing to prevail 5ii the NorthwcMt, and 1 found among tbf farnnra a deaire to laino cattle, 
 ti. <pi and ho.(«. i found iu many caseH farmoia aotiially feediot; their Ings with ih-ir 
 l.f^Bun woeat and realizing thereby .V) oi dO ee.nte abuflhol /or th'dr frozen wheat. I know 
 i hUle while ago ti<f n; Maa ji 'eelmg that ahoon fould not be raisfd in tiie Northwcat, that 
 ^•%T graafl was f^ital to them It ia found today that thia is the ^>est couotry in tho wor'd 
 ♦•r f aiiting sheep, the only di(lii:rdtv being that tht y btscomn too fat. Thi« Byt^*^^<:m of change 
 .•i going to vrodm*! aa it Heom'i to inb gro«»t progrcBS in the Northwest, 
 
 The Northweot will make a great dairy country. Tho teseiiaouy ^iven me by pr&oti- 
 ral faTHiere, who spoiie of their own knowledge, v.aa that you will get ui much battor ltt>a» 
 two oewa in tho Northv.eat aa from three iu ( 'uturi ./. Ml you want ia to travel throa||h 
 tkia eeuutry to bco thai you will ^et aa fine butter aaauy opicuro could deaire. 
 
 Kilt people will Bay whore will bo the oi irket for all these product* ': When I aaw 
 wkat ohaagea the tarmers had roaolved upon in the eondueb of their farnia, and what tko 
 fan olt wovdil be, 1 folt that tho vindication of tho policy of tho preaent Oovernment in 
 j)Te»i»inK forward tho (J. I'. R. to an early completion waa not far diatant. I am told to-day 
 Chat half the butter consumed in Britifth Ooluiybia comes from Cailifornia. Wo uio bound 
 lo have in the mcuutaina and Kritiali Columbia a inignificent market for these produota, 
 imd by the opening of the C. 1'. K- we will have tliia market. ^App'auae. ) We will laast 
 certainly have these new markets to the west opened up which we did not oaicnlato upon 
 xa the early hiatory of the country, but which, when opened up by ;iie 0. P. K., will prove 
 .'>f immense advant'ige to tho western portion of these territoried, ( ■Applause. ) 
 
 It baa been said that th>' climate is aevere, and so f aakcd many with whom I came In 
 aanUot about it. 1 met one medical man and said to liim. " Doctor, this iy a pretty healthy 
 tlm^ato, is it not?" and he'rcplied with emphasis, if the clergymen present will pardon we 
 tor repeating his expreatiion, "Damnably I'^althy." ((!reat laughter.) He aaid if it wero 
 aot for interesting events which occur at atated inierval* in evciy houaohold, there would 
 -■; nothing for tho doctor to do. (Renewed la)i«;hter.) 1 asked ladiod how they liked tho 
 v!nt«jr, and how they got through with it. "We like it well," they 3did. "It is cold, bat 
 •Jie nky is bright and tho weather cold and bracing, and we have none of that wretched 
 ^oather that you have down east." In not one single ( ase did I find one single complaint, 
 Aad in most caaes the utmost enthusiaftu in regard to tho climate prevailed. 
 
 Now, what al)out the front. One intolligent gentleman gave me hjj experience, and sui 
 It tallies ao closely with irnprcsuioDS received al-'iost wherever I went, I give it to you. Ho 
 left Walkerton, Ont. , on the ISth of .March, ISSJ. fie came to this country and took up 
 land, together with a friend, who al.40 Bocured a farm aiijoinini;. The tiist year they re*. 
 lircd f4'^0 from the crop, &nd saved enough grain for seed. J'hia year they have 21 2 iorod 
 to pnti under crop, lie aaid he did not mind the froat. It was never c:ir!iei' than tb? sixth 
 or Roventh of September until thia year, when it came in the latter part of August, but it 
 prevailed then all ovei the wtrld In ]bS'2 he sowed wheat on the ,10th of . I une, and 
 foaped a splendid orop, averaging 3.3 busiids to the acre. Ho aaid, but for the fact of the 
 ftaavy froat this year, and it came iu a period aiincr* unknown in the history of tiio North- 
 west, tkere would not have been n bushel of grain frozen frcm oue end of the country U> 
 tks other. That, gentlemen, was the statement I heard from one end of the country to i,he 
 other— (applause) — after travelling twelve hundred miles by buckboRrd and wagon, and in 
 one case tor forty miles in tho bottom of a firmer's sprinn^'iesa wagon, 1 zonnd a feeling of 
 'ijreroendoua hope for the future, I learned duriug my travels that there is at least «3 per 
 «eut. more land prepared this fall for crop in the spring than was prcpar»^d last year or anr 
 previoua year in this country, (Hear, hear.) When you find man whoso uoreeeand happi- 
 aeM and proaperity and daily liTing, dependu apon the oou&vry, inoreasing the are,^ waioh 
 
Ih«y totoad to pat andAr ornp Be\l y«Mr, thni iihoviag their fftlth b^ their worka, f roiitwh 
 to "Tvy th»t th.> poopl'j of lH.iuitob» »n I tttfl Morthwiit h»Te no owkI to h»T« mU,{iTiu»(« for 
 th« luture, but u)»t look li>ivr»r<l with ih» tirm hope that the oountry will r«miM th* 
 provJMt cipecUtivoii wKicb ihu utont SkUK^lA* of theua ar«r U»r«d iodulgu la. 
 
 BOARD CF AGRICULTURE. 
 
 Important Speecb Deliv(;red by its Presdent, C. J. Brydgres, Esq 
 Comparisons that Cannot be Gainsaid. 
 
 For the advAnocr ontof tic- ii^rioultural inturcvta of the I'loslno^t Knd the difTdkio' 
 vl infounatiou ot iinixjrta'jo*' tc tl " (arfninjr commuuity, there e.xlit* in Mnuitoon » Ikiaii 
 uf /{;ri<.-aituro, oontpuHod uf repn^hmitutive a^rioulturiitt from all parte of the Prorinue 
 Tbia Kaai.! ine«»t« iu the i ity of Wimiip '« to (Uscum uiat'urij bearing on Agrinnlturc, C^ 
 I'resitient rf the Hoard ia Mi. G.J. Brydjafui, Cummiasioucr ot the tiudaon'a liay Co» 
 paiiy. and :kK>>ntliMni*a kuown for hU mtcgrity aod Bteniai; (lualitiet. Hit long residen*;. 
 to the North-West uud hit Intimate knowlodfio o! ilM rcs'ource'^, enable him to iipeak witi 
 A de(.;ico ot tiUtiiority upon uuy 8<i)>!i)Ct oouneoted with ihe oouuti v, wSich few mea com 
 loand, and by virtue too of the authoritative position he oocuj.i^B as 1'reai l»ut of th 
 Buurd, bis utterance)) may bo accepted aa beyond quoHtino, At the Annual Meetiog <; 
 the Board A Agriculturo held in \^ nuipog, the 17th of February, Ib.SG, Mr. Brydgea, i> 
 uid inaugural apee.h, ;tftck dealing with louai iW'.stioQi, said : 
 
 I wish now U) refer to a cjuentlon that liaH hwetofore oxi-ited great iutereit, and wbic' 
 is itill * matter of imporLrut niuniont to tii> pi>opla of the Pi-uvinoe. ( mean the oonetrbc 
 tiun of branch linea ut railway. \Vu h we iud Roveral reaoluticni4 tn past yoait, passed by 
 the Board upon that nuostion, urging ihc ^'Vi-rtt importance to "^he cuntry -if having addi- 
 tions Ln;\du to the ritilw:iv Myst<:!M of Manitoba. (ireat ditiiciiltiew aroHO frrim vanou 
 uaaaos, the principal one being thr.t uf lindiug the iiieaua t.^ do tho work, which is not &: 
 un'jomuion thmg in every day life. The 0. I'. U. Compuuy aaid, with a great dtal of force, 
 that it waa lendiusr its forces to ooniplet.e tho arterial line from end to end of the Domluijr 
 and it uoulii not lind me.'ius to extend local brauchefi, Tho amount notwitiatandingthii, tka' 
 woa built last ytar, was on thi: original .Manitoba Southweittern (k>Ionu.-ition ICaliway, a: 
 eiteuuiou of 40 miles, to a point known as Uolknd. The l'<.[al)ina branch, or the C. T 
 R, Southwoatcru branch, wus ext^jnded ftoiu Manitou 81 ndloa wtst, to a pciutnot veryfiu 
 from Whitewater Like, The .Maiutiba Northwestern Jtjiilway was extended from Minr»u 
 dcaa to 15ird Tall Creek, u distance </f ."iJ inlh« :naku)t{ a t^tal of 173 udles. All thos 
 extk;Q<*ions are now in daily operation, ikidmg th development and pro^'ress of the country 
 ■fhorf is every r«>a»on to believe thiC in cousetiuouco of the aid Kivon by the Govemraeu' 
 to Manitoba there will this year be a further extension of tiio branch railway system. Tl» ■ 
 C. r. H, hA>c been enabled, dv.n-ingi.liu last !-v/ weeks, to place in flollaud a oonaiderablc 
 portion ot their bonds to recoup themf^el^es for expenditure made ou branch linea last year 
 Ine Manitoba Nortbwcst'Tii raiiwiy haa .\u otiicer in England at present on. loayoring tf 
 make <i.xntugr.n>eut>) to go ou with the extension of the road, and I am glad to bo in a poHi 
 ticti U) say tiiat the ud vices ^r far rooeivfit! have been very sutisfactory and would lead * 
 to believe Chat the r'iilway w.'l this year be t;.\tended beyond tbo Assiniboino rivoi to tta 
 norrtiwesrern confines if this Province, if the C. I*. K do what 1 believe it in thoii 
 iDV^'dou to do, .'..jir I'eiabina Mountain branch will be fXt?*nded aerobe the Sourw Kiv»" 
 at leaut !.o the boi iidary of thj Province during the coming Keaaoa. To what e.Tfceat tli- 
 line which now terininittes nt iiulland station will be ejitcnded 1 cannot aay, but there i 
 every reasonable proupeut tiiat eomo oxtension ot that branch will also -<e made. J tbint-. 
 we may count apon the extension of tbo Manitoba ft Northwestern to the north -wea^':'* 
 boundary of the Provinoe, and the Manitoba i:iouth western abo to the weateru bonndan 
 of the Province this year. If t.liat iH done thero wiJl then be in the I-'rovinca the followip- 
 extent of railways: on tlieC. V. It; mainline from the Red Jiiycr to just beyond I'dkhor 
 which is about the point whore this Province and the Territories separate tiOO miles; tKc 
 Stonewall branch, 19 tnilus ; i^elkirk Iranch, 2.1 miles ; South-wearern branch to Hollan 
 station, W mik.i ; Manitoba Nor.h-western br.\ncb, 130 miles ; Pembina Mountain branch, 
 1B3 miles ; Kmereon branch, oH railed ; th. road . ;«t of the iiod River to Rat Portage, or 
 the joint w»ire Ontario and Ma^nitoba joia, 100 milea. That makes a total mileage in opera 
 tion to-day in the Province of 61 1 milea, \nd if. as 1 be'icvo will be the cose ot the extes 
 BJon of the Manitoba v'^outh-western and thi? Manitoba North-weatcrn to the boundary « 
 ti.'c Province in -jiiher direction, 110 milea will be added : which will make a total milea^v 
 Of ^21 mile*. 1 believe that will be a larger railway acccmmodation afforded, particulari; 
 
tl 
 
 .; |irai>ortloD to thfl jtopuUtion. bhan aaj other part of thla eontim^nt. Ko farm«r will 
 
 b.' irorit thM 20 ml!«^ froi the rtilwfty, uii tlir majority of thwrn will Le tcry mnch ten,. 
 
 TVat will U>nA 'ki.t greatly to thw promotion cf •nlMemtnt by in.!u> intr new flomera t«tlt« 
 
 ^roirlnw. The faot of having «uch oxc<«ll*»nt railway aocommo^lation to bring In what 
 
 Jh'* vUilie to the Province, and alao for erpor'ir j; purpogta, will t«ud greatly to attrsot 
 
 .V 'l-r*. 'J he 81! inilea of railway which now exiat aro cqnal to one mile for efery 
 
 ' r.«i'|.l« In the I'rovlnoe at the ^ueai^ut tline, Aui if too a<ldltluual 110 milaa are haiit 
 
 . r^»i, there will be a mile of railway to overy l.i.odmd peopUi (U»!.%r, hear,} I h*v« 
 
 '>.cd tu«t«tiRt(oa piibliahed by th(. dominion <i ifr'-iin.unt, aivl I find that up to tharnd 
 
 W iWi Ibnre ware B,:>7ri mile* of raihray. The populalion c.f the Mjmiulon wao given at 
 
 \-- iaiMi> time 4a 4 ,'W)0.'M)0, to that followlti^; out thn ««stjtn<ite, it would give one mile wf 
 
 ..'.way Ut every 470 people rfaiJin;]f in the country. So that with thi^ railv \y nvntem 
 
 .•»*» •"mplctcd an>l to ho oompleted '..here will l.o ft iar;;<!r area of railwaya for iho popula 
 
 kt»« lh»n exleta iu any othur part of thi» Katniulon. Thla la an exoe«dtnnly Baliit*otory 
 
 iittditioo of afTaira. 
 
 Wn hhfv bpcu able to procure return* from the dilTornnt railway aompanicN aj tc the 
 ^awatity of difT-jrent klnJit ot grain that Vian Imn-i shipped by r.xil from tlie Uth of 8ep- 
 ■m'm laat to the .'ilat of •ranuarv .'!ii« yrar, uid puttnij; thcuo (itfurew together, I find the 
 '•t,i' >)r\ntity shipped from tbo ditl«ri>Dt railway atatifniM in the I'-'ivinno to he: Wheat 
 .' »*^<, iJi; buahela ; nnta, 20l,r)l(t3 buBaola ; barli'v '^7,UW7 biiBhela ; mnking n total Hg^regaU* 
 ,;i,'pm«^iitof groiu ovor all ruilwayfl in tl.o Hrovinoo of '2,(}!'>i)A'2*\ bi'djela. I iiav« ma<i« 
 <*v«(iti^'\Uona aa to tlif quantity of grain that itill remains* in the cciiutry, and from the 
 Ucol iuforumtion 1 could ^")t 1 urn inollncd to the o|iini(io that .ibont one half the aggre- 
 f.t«> aao b<«^u ehipped, and there atill remaina an much aTaiting orport aa liaH ln-on Mhipped 
 u,'^ ♦» the .'ilat of J^tiuary lait. If that is anything like a corr.-ct ntlinate, it shown th*.- 
 ;i''ab stride made iu Mio growinf.; of grain in this FVoviuoo lant yeur, ^nd ia au fthriuianceof 
 jat will bo reauW. in the future with regmd to our cxportatloM of >^roiti. I have reaaon 
 w>. Volieve, from enquiry and p»r«OMil obrervatiou, that there has '•ecn au amount of land 
 
 Ci»p*ied for aeeding thib aprirg, grtater by at least .TJ per cent, than it was tha ywar 
 fwre. If that is correct it indicates that a very much larger an \ of grain will bo sown 
 ti.!<s year than in any paat ye.u and if Providence bleancH ua with .» good aeaaon, the 
 •i>'m>«r8 will have ^r»at oauno f«r rejoicing, »nd the c-ountry gfurally will be upheld. 
 IJt-ioro leaving thin qu» stion, I may )> >i hnpH sa^ that, from thf same aource aa the iiguioa 
 ''.<«pectiDg the i^hipmtmt of graia iu Manitoba were obtained, were Mecurad tigarea regard - 
 iag the movement of grain from the Korthweat Territories. Thcrt baa been shipped up 
 tn the Slat .lannary this y«ar 101,008 busheln of grain, the principal n'l^ntity being wheat. 
 Ther/« ave amall flgnrtis, but when we remember how very short a time it ia sluce tie ship 
 i*^rite in Manitoba havo advanced from nothing to something' like five and a half uiii'ion 
 \>B9ht^is of exportable grain, it is the beat evidence that ttie lerritoriea v>eGt. of ua hare alao 
 natbarked upou a career of buccoab and progress. 
 
 1 want BOW to ask you to listen to some stateinentH ?. hioh I have been enabled to 
 
 »btain Tvich regard to the relutivo ooat of growing wheat in this couniiy nud in Gcgiacd. 
 
 think the consideration of that question will be important b'jcansf it will show those iu 
 
 ■he old country *ho arc unable now to aecure a aatisfuctory result from farming, that tke 
 
 .;i)arhtion8 eiistfng in this country, it thoy transf«»rrcd themselves and their families here, 
 
 Atn Hueh 88 to produce to them exicediugly 8ati«!fiictorv rcHults. I cut out a statement 
 
 .unblisbed in the London Times aouie time ago, vndcr the heading o) "Crop and 8tock 
 
 f roBpccta, ' thinking it wooldlie useful for comparison. It appeared on tt.e 14th of Rep 
 
 tember, 1885, when hBrveat waecomparutivfcly completed, and they fv^re enabled to asoer- 
 
 n t:Ke probable reeulfs, This statement to whien I refer is one ci a ««'rie8 published in 
 
 i - Ix)Bdou Timer,, ami compiled by experts whoso atatenicnta i ^A'l'.r have no^< been 
 
 lUed in question, au<l may, thtrefcre, bo accepted as being at* ne<iriy accurate he ir p*? 
 
 f-i'olefo arrive at. I'h^ results are given per acre, and show the result of the glowing of 
 
 Vvheat in eleven diiTeient couaties in I'nland, vir., Berkahiie, Cinibridgectdre, Etiaeic, iJanp- 
 
 «'aire, Kent, l.ineolnfehiro, Norfolk, Suffolk, Surrey, Sishct and Yorkshire. In thaso 1) 
 
 .' 'ntjee t!.e reanltu l.avebeen arrived at from auswero given alter carefu! cousiderati'^r4 by 
 
 <6 different farmers living in the connticR named. Th^y giva the t i:':ri^ti.e cost of grov?iug 
 
 ^liTAt per acre, in the li counties at £H 10b. 9d. sterling (equal to $41. .Vi). The amount ia 
 
 *-tde up of rent and tithes. /,! i.^i. 7d. (equal to |8.6.'>), taxes fia. (•.im"' to fl :U), 
 
 »»»jiure ;(^2 I'ifi. Od. (equal to III* 1". }, and miscellaneons, ineludiug seed, coltivation. hoe- 
 
 ;:)j[, fltc, ,if3 17(1. 8d. (equal to |1^^.89). Theae fo>ir diviBi'.'ns make up a total of ,i>} I9«. 
 
 ♦d, \e«|nal to $41.54). That is the actual ;o»t to the fanner. I'hey then give statemeota 
 
 »' ihe rcKulta of tho p'oduota of these 8? fflrmeie m regards wheat, They 
 
 .'Ato the averago receipts from grain and straw per acio as follows ; Grain r,.) Ifta. 
 
 ^i^ual to t;i.1.09), rectipts from straw £1 l^. per acre fequal to |7.7B), total recMpte /'R 
 
 M (' qnal -o $40.37); ehowlig a iohi^of 2 ahillingB and 8 pence (eqnal to C7 oents) aa aore, 
 
 -^:'ed nn (he r.'ila price of 36 ahillinga per (|uarter. 
 
 a thia momlbg'a paper I notiao a etatemoot that the pHa* of the Kei& Bagliah wkatA 
 
•2'2 
 
 y««terday wftc 29i- 6d. a iiuarter, bo yoa will see that ai this fisrar* the Iobs would be vwy 
 much greater than th« flstimate at 3ti ahillinj^a a quarlor ihowed; in fact it would tnak« 
 the loati /■! 5s. 3J., or $6. i;> por aero it) tho (growing, 't js not Jifficult to see that if this 
 i« the actual state cf affaiis ou the other sidp of the Atlantic, that there must be con8\<[ 
 erablc nrovement of the iurdilug population from one side to the other. If we oan Bhow 
 Ih.-se people over there who aro working without any profit, how they eau auocoed if they 
 •ome over here, !t may bo an iodiu>emeat to them to cimI in their lot with us, where they 
 will derive jiroflpeiity from Ujeir faViniug onerationa. I Bhall probably be treading on dan 
 goroBS ground if I venture to put before you any fvurei as to theamount it tiikeH to produce r 
 bnshel of wheat \r\ Manitoba, Daring the various extruded journeys 1 have made through 
 the country, I havr made tvery pofnilde OByuiry from (armfcra, and in every other pOBSibUi 
 way, as towhat is the uorual cost'/* growing a bnehel of wheat in Manitoba. Variciip 
 tign es navp been civen me in litieicnt partn oi the ProviocQ. 1 was told by a groar 
 many farmeia in "-' utheru Minitolm with whom I oonvert.cd, that the actual cost to them 
 which, of course, >ir"i not include wear and tear, interest on invesf.ment, etr., was 2,'^ contf.- 
 a buuhel, 1 conicas I waa a Kood deal stavtle;! at tae sinalines.i of the tigurc, beeanne it 
 ■vrrs less than hgnres 1 had p.'cvioualy heai d of. The statement was, however, midu 
 not by one, two or tlircfc, but by a considcrabk- number cf faninu's. Other parties Jiavt^ 
 placed the coat at a figure onnsideiably h't;hsr, A gentlemen who was largely int^resteu 
 in California State, and who lost .^.'iO.COO in agricultural oporatious there, and who :s now 
 engatod in i irmiot; brtween the Manitoba boiindaiy and llfgina, near the line of the G 
 P. K,, told me thai; in California it coat CO cents a bushed to rais^ wheat. Basing hi' 
 statement ou his txpcriouce iu the X; rth-vc?^ Territrries, he said he could raise wheat for 
 •40 cents a tiuishol, ;ir.d cartn.inly would not exceed 45 cents a bushel, which wov^ld covet 
 wear and tear ot machinery, ir.tercsc, etc, Jt would be safer, I think, to tiiko the large; 
 Sgmio rather than the Binailc? . Liok at tho value cf Kugb'ah corn at /,'fl 16«. an aore, and that 
 reprewents a yield of ;iO bimhelH to the at-re. Tli<' Bt.aistios prepared by our Secretnry 
 Treasurer, gathercu from reliable crop correBpondeiits, reporbs a yield of something like 
 23 bushels of wheat to the acre. Fortl.e purpose of calculation, I think it would beWst-tet 
 to tall i% 20 bui-hels to the acre. In presenting statements for the conBideration of peopk 
 living at a dititanoo, I alwaya think it wise ratner to understate than overstate the cai»r 
 (he.'ij, hear), and no ] t.-iinli we had better say 20 bushels to the aero. Ou th^t basis, the 
 cast at 40 ocnls a bushel wrr.ld be $8 an acre being tiie prioo to the farmer f»r producing 
 the grai:j\ and if you put it at 4b cents a bi.?h>jl it would brinsr tlie c.ont of producing to 
 !W an -icre, or about „','J Kterlinf, Compare this with the total of .J4!..'j4 or ^S lOs. »d. 
 per a«re for t}ie eleven KigJiish eountiea referied to. The latter, of course, iucliided ex- 
 pODSCM. wh'eh are happily not wanted in thi^, country ; for instance, rent and tithes. 
 Here every one uoas, or will at an early date, yv,a his laud in fee siaiple. As to taiea, 
 aboBt which tlifr; were complaints h.>re, I may tell you that I had t,o pay iawt year, 0£ 
 behalf of the HucNob's Bay Co., §40,000 to miuiicipalities, which means an average not oi 
 livt shillings, but of tive ccits an acre, so that people coming here from Eiiglwd need not 
 be af rai i of the (j'lcstion ot taxation. 'J he cost of manure is another very largo item, 
 being $1-2.7^ an acre there, thougli heri' io is not likely to c.^me to a very large sum for a 
 longlune, as any manure wanted will he produced by mixed firming, 
 
 I am glad to find that tie qnestiou of mixed farming ht^a made great advances within 
 a ycs'.r or two in iManitoba. \W are now able to supply all the wants of tho country in 
 boet,^ M l;hout having to import anything from abroad, Ti.id has a double advantage, pr/j- 
 /enting tho sending ;iwi.y of money which Is very much wanted, and .liatributing the •.?8t 
 of the food aiuong the people, ihua aiding in their progress and development. I think tlie 
 time will raridly oosne when lii^ire will i.e more caitie ttiau are necd..d in this country, 
 .'ind when, now that tiere is transport to the oa^^t, we shall b« exporting them. I wish 1 
 con 'd say the same in r. gird toslieep; bi;t at precent wu are- importing -mutton fros. 
 abroad. J am glad to hud that there arc constantly iacrcaaini' importations of sheep takinj; 
 place ; and 1 hope, as there h%n been such good success, the result- 
 
 will be that we shal! 
 weli 
 g;ii ., ..- iiu not yet 
 IS rapidly approach 
 
 be able before bjerj, to supply our own wants, and, at an early date, to exjjoit Hhf sp as 
 as cattle. Poultry, I am^dad to find, has la-gely increased. Although we do no 
 <|uite meet the demands of i ur own country, htill,' I ibiuk li.e time iu rapidly apprr,..„.. 
 ing nhen we shall not rwiuirc e\en to imjort turkeys fok' our CiiristmnH dinners, (A laugh) 
 i am satitfu d it wouid be : f considerable advantage to farmers to have a u'ood bU[)ply of 
 poultry ; they die prof'; able, they cost very litti«C and f >r the ecg<i therda always gmd 
 safe ,iS well :.? for poultry. The growth of the manu'acturo of butter and cheese is also. 
 1 aisi glad to bud, increaNiu,''. 
 
 Auotlier point to whii ii I woald like to rf for is tho qaestioa of f^ul. When 1 first 
 came to M.'.mtoba 1 paid S;2'.! a ton for ooai ; this year 1 am getting it for $10. This is 
 very yaiisfaciory ; but J do not think coal has yet come down to a fair nnd proper price. 
 As ah are aware, one reason of thr ^cdnetion h.is been the bringing into this place, and ali 
 along the >^iie of che C. P. K. u, tLf? west, coal from toe Calt uoai mines. A tail way was 
 buiiiiastycnr ilO miles in length, from ]>unniore, on the G. I'. R., to L'^thbridge, whore 
 the coal mines exitt. There are undoubtedly largo deposits of noa) all over the Tarritone* 
 
23 
 
 wprt of the south branob of the Saekatcbewan, a« wall aa in the Sourih Distri.H.. Coal in 
 row boin« workfld euccessfally at a hiiae a few milGS west of Calgarv, and distributed at 
 iahoM points r lion the railway; aud a cool mine in the monutaine, near a pl*t;e culled 
 [\ ril'g Lake, haa h^-oxx dlnnovero'', wh.To th«jre laij^e depoEft of anthraclt^i coal. Tlas oinc 
 JtaR been purchriaed by capitnliHts and iu aboat to he worked. 
 
 roper prioe. 
 
 VISITORS' TESTIMONY. 
 
 j-Dpressions of Sii Richard Temple, Gained while Trarersinj? the 
 Country with the Bhtisli Association. 
 
 It will be remembored that the British Atisociation of Scier.oe, hold its annual msetiug 
 
 i Canada in 1885. After its deliberations the rnenibera of tha a°socJatiou were tcndbrad 
 
 .,0 exoursion over the line of the C. F. il., which w^a then builc beyond the summit of the 
 
 i. ifcky Mountains. Fron; Montreal the membtTs prooeeded by spec'al train of pnllnaa 
 
 car*. \6 Oolllngwood on the (iaorgiau Bay, where one of the company's tiiapniticentfteaiuers 
 
 .i» in waiting to convey them to Fort Arthur, at the head of Lal;e Superior. From P#rt 
 
 I tkir the party travelled rifiht throuaih the \orthwcst Tevritories to *he Jiimmit of tbe 
 
 Rockies, stopping at Winnipeg, Brandon, Calvary and many other points along tlut r«»te 
 
 vtliere Hccnes of interest could be witnej>sed, and information in re£[ard to the couBtry 
 
 k leaned. I'^wu the return of the Asrociution to Winnipttr, 8ir. Richard Temple, who had 
 
 rdargc of the party, was requested to address a piibii.- meeting;. He complied, and ia tha 
 
 cp«rflc of a very able speech, gave the following aa his impresaio^s of the i^ouutry - 
 
 I beg to refer to tlie rrmarkable contrast prespiited, the beautiful country until recently 
 i^alled " The l.'^jne Land," now being eontidered a lauil vi promise. It if but a very few 
 yer.rs eincv i\u> places whii\'i are now the haunts of civil'./ itioii Avcre the runs and wallow- 
 \nf places of bands of but; iloes. The country is vast. The populit-v idea in s-'iiglar.d asw 
 1'! '.but the Northwest of Cuiada could i*ii.<itain a popvdutionof 100,000,000 of Aut;U) Saxons. 
 - i(tt aot know exactly haw they Kot tli(> ligiireof 100,000.000 ; ueverthelesa it is very pos 
 ^;b'.e that it nii^ht be r.?ali/. il in the ii.>t very remote future. Indeed, corisideriog the 
 . nlt,:vable ".rca of the Northwest, including both ).he Northwest Provinces and Manitoba, 
 \(liich can hardly be less than a million Mpuxrfi rrales, and rre!;oninc; a jiopulation af 109 to 
 :'nt: ptjUiire iiiiio. which in not a bi><h average, the result would be a total populati©»cf 
 : 00.000,000, This va.st area might fairly be compared with some of the neighbwnnf Stateg 
 of Xorch America, fully equallint; probably that of Diko'a, Idaho, Miunesota and ^asL- 
 isgtoB Territory, whnd; aie constitntirg a h'nd of premise to our American kinsmcj. 
 
 The sctmery of the prairie impressed ail the e.vcursionists with »•» vastuess. There is 
 
 i» ii auty iu mere immensity; although the eurf jcc of the ground might net be dl^erbiicd, 
 
 yet it ia a wonderful sight to see the sun rise and set en a tract perf'^ctly level of all aides 
 
 as it were an occr.u of vegotati'.-ti. Tiio approach of the liocli y Mountain.« from the 
 
 prairie is p.<>rhaps the most remnrl-:i.Mo in the world, 1 do not wai.t to give ' xat/gerated 
 
 i'U.a? iVople hcii^ probably t'nujk th ■ Reeky Mountainfi the grea'rest in th^ Diitish 
 
 I'.mpire, out the British Knjpire is a cry large place. They aie scarcely more *,h,i,n a third 
 
 -.;> "<i!gh as the Himalaj'.is, nevcrtlidless the approach, to thfni from the prairie h. trwly 
 
 ■ «»derful ; for they rise as maaaea of rock right out cf the prairie During the greater 
 
 eart of the year tiiey are covered with snow. Kven I'om-, at tlu' I'l.d of the summer, the 
 
 ro.'ks are mainly snow capped. As wo approached the ruountains wo actually saw aboat 
 
 i."i* miles of continuous suo'.vch;d hille, which, rising straight cut of the prairie, constitnte 
 
 .1 tdpht which is ijuite ui.i.jue. There t« only one parallel to it— namely, the approach to 
 
 he Caucasus from the steppes of Kus.s; i, .-" d even this is not so fuie, as there i- .irst a 
 
 r^aj'e of low hills, then auotlier o little hii'her, and again above all the siurntitfiof the ,<n«w- 
 
 iadpcak.s of the Caucaau". 1 believe that the contemplation of thi.-i magnitioent seouery- - 
 
 a-ignihc-ut in extent at least— has a very elevating nfl;ct upon the Anglo J^axon mind, 
 
 ' itlavging the ideas, brightening the im igination and elov,atiDg the .'lentiments In the 
 
 aort addreafiOB which we received on the way, there w.as a loftiness oi expression almoefc 
 
 ^■rounting to grandiioi(uence, to which T had hardly been aicustomed in tho uddresses 
 
 hich 1 have received in other portions of the Britis'- I'hnpiro. Tho wonders I have dcs- 
 
 •rib'ju are wonders of nature, but to our British eyes and patriotic minds, the grearcpt of 
 
 tl woniierF was the spectacle of Anglo'Sixon, Britiph Canadian ecterpriKe spreading itself 
 
 «"^r the Rurfaco of this vast country and writing its marks in lotterR of dame, as it were, 
 
 afi^n the book of nature. (Applause.) 
 
 iS,-!me of IheininerBl resourctis we have seen. I .illude particularly to tho iron ore 
 ; nhioh we have seen spec nena at the exhibition in Winnipeg; but we have seen soB»e- 
 
94 
 
 1 
 
 »^ 
 
 thing and h^ard much of the coal resoarowi. I beliere there are coal mines within a skocfc 
 cListanoe of the line of the C. P. R. I underBtiiud that there are ooal resoorcea withja a 
 ▼ery mcKi^rate distanco of it, and th«t there Ib quite on the line, within a hundred yarda, 
 wperior lignite which will burn rery well when mixed with bituiniaous or anthracite eoaL 
 Whoa these ooal mine* are worked you will be iudependrat of Pittsburg and the Uafte4 
 States ill ruspeot of coal, and 1 iieed net gay that this will oe a great advaatago. 
 
 The prairi* is faat becoming a thing of the past in tb a part of Canada. In that rcspeot 
 it ic fo)!cwjDg tho example of the herds of buffalo, and of the poor Indiane (vhi> are recoiing 
 before the face of the white man. Whtn we U-ft Wirnipeg we saw a few niilea of rcsl 
 •rairie: owing, ve were told, to the fact that the lands were in tho hands of epecMlatatu 
 ^pho w^rc resemng them for future use. Wh^n we i»ot beyond this limited area we reiMf 
 saw r.o yrairie at aU lor several handrtd mileu wht i we croaaed the RaakatchewMi. 
 i mean 'vbat we nerer passed a mile together on the plain, without seeing a home«teaJ, 
 or ueid, or the marka uf hnm»n occupation. It wan only when we orosaed the .Snskatoke- 
 wan thit we saw pniI prairie, aud th?u it was only so in a inodifiejd aenae. From tho mom- 
 ent ihe homosteada end colden fields ceased, the cattlo ranches began. I understand that 
 almost tbe whole ait^a frcin the Saakatohowau to tho foot of the monntaius is really in the 
 hinds of the caM!; rauchcia. iieie ogain we saw signs of the Angle Saxon, in his cattle 
 aid hia herds. The vegetation of the prairie, so far as wo were able to see it in the inter- 
 ▼ais of uncultivated hiiJ, was not rcftiu kable, but still was very rich. Some of the m»ri'. 
 oathnsiawtic u( tho pjirly said it was the richest wild vegetation they had ever seen, bat I 
 tiiink thia vus due to their enthuaiasm, because the vegetation in the steppes ot Russia U 
 <|uitc as rich, if uor, richer. Still, uhe ilora of thia country is such as to promise an abaad- 
 ant return f.>r agricultural labor. 
 
 Aiauost f very '^ Kitc^ we «aw rich soil. Most of u'^ expected that we wouM see tracks of arid 
 waste, or tliat ir we sa-v rich soil it vpould be largely interspersed with P.iocimens of gravel, 
 rock and »;..ii not Buitai c Tor cultivation; but this idea proved entirely false, for I declare 
 ulthont f-xaggeraiion tliat on the whole way from Winnipeg tr> the foot cf the Rockies-- a 
 Hiatance of 1.000 milen-thore is hardly a footof ground that did not e^cm to be capable of 
 being turned to huniai/ use. (I'h^ers. ) Estiniatiug tbe distance to the foot of the R/;cktes 
 at a thousc^J miics, there is for this distance one unbroken area of land more or leso fertile 
 and oapabh: of being turned to the advantage of Uian. 
 
 Moat oi lae p-n ^y are oi opinion that the pasturage is epeudid and thoroughly suited 
 for cattle; wj arc surprised that w« did not see pjieep as well. The grass i.s not very long, 
 and prumises a ricli reward co the hay cutter. The cattle generally seem to be quite 
 b»«aUhy, and of very good brei^de, many of them coming from the neighboring ststea, and 
 p-ppareutly b.-^ed from so.vie of the best stock in England. Sometimes ccjnplalnts are heard 
 in Kngiand that Canad'au and American cattle dealers pur<!haBc some of their beat .luimals, 
 bat it is not to be regretted, seeiug that a high tocsiderrtire has t<i be paid for thain. We 
 were al! impressed with the neccsbitv of being careful ;u)out cattle diseaeea. Wo heard 
 much on the way regarding diseases that have broken cut among cattlo in various parts of 
 \h'd United States, reminding us of i*hat has been in England ; but; we heard that Canada. 
 v/aa Irte from them. For Heaven's sake take precautions to prevent their importation. ( 
 spe.»k feelingly upon thia subject, because in England we have failed to provrjL the im|>orta- 
 tiou of diseased cattle, and the losses in consequence have been incalculable. We enquired 
 ft good dcv,l as to ensilage, as ihe food :oranirn.%]8 is becoming so fashionabl. ii; the United 
 ?.t»te3 and i.<i leing introduced into Iwigland ; but wo wcio told that no auoh food va* 
 aeccasaiy, becauBo the 8upi>iy furnished by nature is so very abundant. 
 
 1 wish toppeat: of tvvo kinds of cropu, cereals an 1 roota. Cereals arc grown upon 
 aany farrne exclusively , ^aome of the greatest ti.rins in the country are whe.it farms 
 alnaoat »'ntirely. We aaw in many parts of tae cout.try apecimons or exhibits of tl.-» pnj- 
 dvLC.tn of the farm. Tliw Canadian Pacidc Railway Company has set a very excwUent 
 CK^mpIfi by hiving model or pattern farms c'osc ■•»lw»jg th.» lino of railway, to show wbas 
 t^c country is capable of proiucing. In iiispectincr tht ae, while we found nothin/r to c^vaI 
 tho »ionster cahboucs shown r\X the oxhiV>ition here in Winnipeg, yet we saw good turaipa 
 a-nd potatoes. We heard in England tiiat there would be sreat difficulty in grcwing wheat 
 at the altituiie of this coiatry, it being too high aliove the S'-'a, )jut this idea was entirely 
 fiilaified by what wc saw, for wheat gro'is well 2(X!<) feet abo-. e the sea-, at Calgary at 
 *000 feet, .v)d at Padraore at o,500 feet. Efnac thtre is nothing in tbe altitude "of this 
 country to prevctt wheat being grown on an immense scale. We iu'juired of fa'-mem 
 rsgardmg mnny things which we have it home, namely, rotatior. of crops perimUcally, 
 
 aarr in the virgin soil which accnmnlates o luany aJvantages and has euch richnvaa in Use 
 •oil, the aub-aoii, and the soil underneath tha*, that the crops will grow without man-r^ 
 Aa »o weeds, it ia said that there are none of coasmuenoe. We aaked about the plooghiog, 
 and said that we had to pi'^ugh "Ciy deep in the old conntry, We were told that n*tfaing 
 cf the kind was necewaary here, that if the gronnd were juat scratched over, crcpa wwUl 
 
9§ 
 
 grow. We were told these thingn by practical men. TIk' Tif gin soil hero ia a Tery abutidaafe 
 iaheritanee which has coo*e down froir what might beoalloH a geological poriod, thousand^ 
 ';! feiars havinflt 1ooL«^(a down upon these beautiful plaina. The coose^iaeDce is that fur tha 
 tim'i irany of the old world devices, na(-b us ieep ploughing, manariug, weeding, and rofca- 
 Uon 0* crops, oan bo diBpensod with. 
 
 The want of lal)orera is a ^rnat difiiculty in the int<;rior of the Northwest, and it baa 
 t.oJ this effect upon the farmers, that it has ooioptillod iLeai to exercine their wits and 
 »;nsploy machinery to save labor. The agricultural machinery and implements in this 
 .. lutitry are among the most remarkable things to b': aeen. five'y kiad of implement and 
 (i-uhino ia there at -sroik — with iill their rough-souuding names, as SislUera, harrows, 
 ! {.,)er8, mowers, threshers, and the tike — forming a most gratifying spectacle. Wo have 
 BicD them in the fields at work, in the towns outside tbe shops fur sale, a.id inside tko 
 iartoriee being repaired. The bight would make an old wcrid man first laugh, snd the* 
 feel envious. I will give one single f xaniple. In England when we reap the grain w 5 hi»ve 
 ':.<> stank it in order that the grain may ripen, and after that wo thrcBli it. The Northwest 
 >\r«erdoeBnothingof the kind, fie brings tho threshing machiuo to bear upon the sbejires, 
 iVrnished ready to his hand by the harresting machine. Then having threshfed the wheat, 
 tie Btores it for the time in a temporary wooden structure in the field, and there ho allows 
 the grain to remain and harden until the snow falls deep and becomis fit for sleighing. 
 I'hen, he draws it easily over the hard snow t; an elevator, from which it ia shot into raU- 
 >, .1/ cars placed beneath end carried away for exportation. The ingeriily, convenienco 
 ind rapidity of the process cives the new world a great adYaiitap;e over the old world. 
 I'he coo8c<]ueuce of thin maoliinoij and the labor-Baring appliances is tltat the average 
 ealtiratioi) pel head in axtvcmely higli in this country, (.)ue would be incHucd to say thera 
 rnu.ii be a great iwpulatior, judging from the area of nnltivatinu, but on the contrary th?ra 
 re only a few thouoands of Anglo .-laxonB settled in the country. The fact, ia the averige 
 't acres of cultivation per head- is several times as great as io the old world, every if^ie* 
 'iaving many acres under command, owing to tho labor-saving appliances,. 
 
 tsome of the farms are great, extending over many square miles of wheat culti.-ation 
 Absolutely unbroken by any fence or hedge. Neverthelese we had tlie pleasuro of seeing 
 i-nany small farms in the best cultivated diatricts. At Portage la Prairie we iinderstcoil 
 i.kat snaall farniers owned the land and worked upqn it with their own hands. 'I'hc farm 
 ■jvnses are well-built, well-aired, a/id I understood, vred warmed in winter ; and aro very 
 c(i«fortable. both within and without- A to cottages, we a!>.ked for them, but really thero 
 .vere no cottages, because there are few rr ^n so low in the social circle as to require Ihcm. 
 '1 uo country is absolutely without farm laborers. Around the houses of the peasant pro- 
 prietors we saw market gardens with cabbage beds, turnip beds, and the like, juf-i enough 
 f^r the farmers' families. There is a good supply of fuel, though one might expect that oa 
 the prairie there would be nothing but grass or vegetation. Fortunately, there is low 
 scrubby brush suited for fuel. The soil is entirely suited fm- the m.iking of excellent bricks. 
 1 e the great advantage of th? farmers, there is small limestone scattered over the plaim, 
 fr ini which excellent lime for mabonry can be obtained. The subjriot of land speculation 
 his attracted % great deal of unfavorable notice tiirojgh the press, i liave be rd scmething 
 ^'f it in England, and still more iu Montreal, but after all my impreesion is that th»! story 
 li-iht have been greatly exaggerated. With a vast area, a wise (Jovernment and a wis* 
 people enjoying popular represei* lion, you should make ]novi8iou for the future, po as cot 
 ta allow the land to get too niucti nto the hands of individuals or corporations From the 
 exp^'iienoe of the Old Country leading to the springing up of communism, Canada should 
 Ixako care to prevent anything of the kind happening here. While the State is generons, 
 i'lvint' land without stint or grudge to every good applicant who asks lor it, neverthelesa it 
 jgbt to keep something in its csvn handn It seerrs to me that that duty has as yet beea 
 ruirly performed ; at all events it has not been left unperformed in the way some peopla 
 tm(«giiie. As to the land concensiou of the iJanadian Pacific Railway Company, it should 
 00 reuje.ttil eved that without that coaceKsion the railway could not have been constructed, 
 t fuul that the whole of tbe lard baa not been madeover to the company, but only alternate 
 Hooks, the intervening ones belonging to the State ; and th.-vt the total is but a fraction of 
 ttji; 'v^t ai^a. Remarks have been made aboiU this com^iauy's concession to a great land 
 company, but I tind that this is only a small part of the land at the disposal of the Stata 
 to give awa} or make disposition of as it may see fit, according to the wants of the comiof 
 •generation. Hence I shall feel bound to say in England tbwt no essential harm has be«ai 
 lone by land concessions ; and it is only fair to the Government \nd the AdmiuistratiMi 
 .0 say this. 
 
 Ooe objection in England ugainfit this oountry is that of the winter. The summers ui* 
 icown to be hot, but this the people are not so much afraid of as tney are of the suppoaed 
 loogth, drcarineHfl and wretchedncsa of the winters. I believe from inquiries that this 
 Ct 'criptioB of your winter came from the portions of country lying ander the Rocky H/>iiji- 
 t&ins, where tbe obinook winds aiaae tha winters somewhat like those nf England, whlak 
 are proverbially dull. In the rest of the country the wintem are rather bright and che«ry. 
 The snow falls and bardena on the ground, and there is bright weather with blM aky over- 
 
2(» 
 
 hud, 80 that thr people walk ahont with the utmoat facility, and o» the whole have a 
 •keerfnl timn in the wint**r. In mary parts of the country the reBidenta toll ine that tke 
 winter is the nicest (^r-suBon they havr. (Applause.) From the very kind apj^'lansfl I iiiduB 
 tiiat I-hc uescriptioD in correct, an«l if an it is \rery important that thif> description should be 
 kno^n «t borne, for the prevailing impression there is doing some harm to omigratiTO, 
 
 THIS TOWNS. 
 
 I will not undertake to desnriho Winaipeg ; but we haTe «ecn the Taj'ious towns alang 
 the railway, inspectiag Portarjc la I'rairie, Brandon, (Ji'Appellf, Medicine Hat, Moose Jav. 
 aad rnl;»ary ; and I will add, Rogina and iiroadview. I am bound to oongratuiatn yoa 
 heartily on th'^ condition of thos*,' riaiup pieces. TrtJy it Ik wonderful the manner in which 
 these lowiis have sprnng up. The atrcits are well h\l\ ont, and the house* are oleaa and 
 tidy and piclurosque in thtir ai<;hit«;. tnrt. Viilae art springing up in the suburbs, and 
 vvery TiOii has a cordon of trees apriuRing up around it. We hare olwerTcd the 8ch»ola. 
 tlic cb'.irchas, the bxnka and civic buildings, and various other institutions ; and we hatu 
 Been alB(j the Bliops full of all the paraphern vlia o! 'nvlliyation. We hare been particularly 
 Ktniek with the slocks of agricultural marhinftiy already mentioned. Altogether the ooa- 
 ditioa of those placep is most aatiaiactory. We iiave observed also in many places factories, 
 au<i in every direction perceived e.gps of what miglu be truiy called culture. 
 
 THE INDIAN PROBLEM. 
 
 No Dang-er to be Apprehended from an Indian Outbreak, 
 facts and figures in regard to this matter. 
 
 A few 
 
 To thfl mind of tho emigrant, or intending emigrant to the Caiiadian Northwoafc, tiio 
 existence i.f the native Indian tribee in the territoiy will uatcrallr S've rise to some mis- 
 giving.^ a? to the perfect safety of settling in a countrv where thest aborigines exist. Auj 
 fear, however, in this respeot, arises largely from ignorance of the true facts. The intentl- 
 ing emigrtiut must ficst reaiizj the vast extent of the territory he is coming to before lie 
 «au aderjuatcviy conceive the snbjact. In the first place he must know that there exists 
 between Wir.^iipeg and the Rocky Mountains a stretch of fsrtils eountry almost one tk»H- 
 sand miles in length a»i«l uhout the name extent in width. This tract comprises the fsrtiie 
 fulmni of Miuitoba, which ar-' not ranged by Indian tribes, there being only an oc^asioaal 
 aB4 perfectly harmless band found w;*ndering about. True there exist in the Proviooe a 
 oansiderabie number of Indians, but they are all under tieaty with the D.miaion Oovern- 
 raent, by wl'.icb they receiv certain asnijUnce in cash and food, and reu^ain upon reserves 
 set aside for them. These ludiau.:, through th>' influence of the '.Jovornment, farm inslrutt. 
 ^rs and Cliristian tjissionaries, have b^>co!ne civilized, and, to an almost universal extent, 
 [^ursue .m agricultural avocation on their rese.-vcH. No daug"r ks therefore, to bo apprc 
 hended from these Indians, who are rapidly b'^cojiing a defiirnblc element in the pcp»ls»- 
 tion, in an much as they are giving up the chase and confiuiug themselves to fa~niing 
 operatKus. The culy tribes, thereiVire, from whif^h any danger h to l;e f.ared iir tk*' 
 Blood?, the Rlackfeet, the Piegana and the t'latheadn; but tht;y are mostly loo.'ited star the 
 Kocky Mountains and north, in the .Stskatchewan country, so 'hat little opprohensi' vi ,iecd 
 be felt by the 3tfttler, who ha.»at 1. i.vl five or six hundred ndles of territory to choose his 
 home in, before approaching thoi. country in wlii-b any danger might be feard. Then ajv.un, 
 it should be borne in mind that moat of the tribes referred to have entered into treaty with 
 the Dominion Government, are iiving on their reserves, and rapidly attaining a knowledge of 
 agriculture imparted to them by the (Government fii.:m instruolors, who rcfdde oa tke 
 reserves for that p .rpose. Beiudes this the Christian miaaionari's are constantly ut v-ork, 
 and fccores of tlie savages are coming under the influence of the gospel. These latter are 
 exercising ? lovening iiifluenoe on their fellow oavai/es. The impression possibly exist* 
 that the North-w.-st is overrun with wild b'^vagee. This, of course, is entirely enoneous, 
 and in orrler that a correct Impression may supplant i* the fallowing cjtrait is given from 
 a letter to the r,Tonto Mail by its special commistioner, who was sent to visit the tribee 
 a few months ago in ordfT to guage the strength of llie Indians, and arrive at some oonoln- 
 
Mob aB tn tbeir intcntloua this spring, it beinpc feared that, following the reoeni Half-breed: 
 relMii'ion. trouble might be expoctcd from the lodiani. The attract, which was written fruw 
 th* Monpof tho Blaikfcet tril)e the 22nd January laht, is as follows : — 
 
 " The Indians are contonterl, 80 far a« an Indiaa can be. They are well fed. Thef 
 v.iy ikcj baro no grierinoos and ( oly a few petty wants uusupplied. But that dees ntt 
 ic(ii«ate what tlieir feeling may be whoc t}ienno\v {lisappears and the grass be{>inB to grow. 
 Jt Mnat be remeni beted that during tho wlutor time these ludiaua have uathing t» d«, •r 
 at all ovcnta do nothing, and thor« is au old prorcrb, which will apply equilly to th« thi 
 :*: w M to the while, ref^arding the rt*auin«88 with which a certain individual furnishes 
 •jBJfdovtrient for itlle hands. 1 do uot wifjh to treate tho impression that there will be aa 
 ««U><ioak in the spring or at any oth^r time. Xar fiom tuat. But erer/one at ftll 
 aijtsinted with the nature of au Indian must niruit that auch a large number, so closwljr 
 Aiiiid aud crowd*?d asthfy arc into a pocket at the base of the PocUies, are Isound to giv« 
 tbe tMipreeBion that jn'6oauti)n8 are ueoessary. No danger whatever need bo apprehended 
 rroni t!iO f'ie{;;'in3, who are orderly and usually well behaved, unlcsi they should he dragg«A 
 isle A row. No troubb- med be approl'ended'from the Bloods, unless fi'tber whisk^^y; now 
 iortmnately stamped out, should (ind it.'j way amongst them aj^ain ; or unless, in some 
 Biirse 8tealtu^» affray there should ha a conflict with the police ; or nnlesj the] rhoalil 
 Uc«Me involved in the 4ua;relt! of their close allief, the f.outb Piegans, across ♦fee line. 
 
 Tiio Iudi.-\»B know their own weakaetis and the power of the whito. At »sc^t. eo«- 
 liking (ill tiieir forcos, the B'ackfeot, JMoods, North and Snath Piegans, they cculd nt 
 mmaXaT more than a thousand warrior?, while prnl ably T'^O is.mnch nearer the Mark An<l 
 J»-:h« '."ju'd r'jvor be conoe'itrated without kncwledy;!^ of the intention to d» so being gaiaea 
 hy th« authorities. The Mounted Police outjwsts are scattered throughout the eoumtry , 
 t>>«« are 200 policj^rncr at Macleod, and 200 or 309 more could easily bs brrai<ht frow 
 ftcgina and other points; while, it local cavilry corps were org.\niz3d, for aearly every 
 wmti'ere, is a horseman, and he knows how to use a rifle, the Indiins cosild eaeily b* held 
 ic »he«k until the arrival of oU.er reinforcemenr.v The settierni here think thoy «or.ld settle 
 't themsclAea, and no outside assistanca >,vould be needed in ease of trouble. An they aay : 
 f e bavf no fears of an cutbrrak, but here are tneso large number of idle IndiaitH, aai 
 i" it tihouldcomri, we c;in whip them." All they ask is to be orjjanised into aiiliiiia aerps 
 aad have the police with Ihem. Infantry wouki be of littlo u!<e hero, except to TarriaeB 
 tow»8 and for this reason the suggeetiun of Col. Wacleod is worthy of co{)t.iderati»», 
 t^Ukough, in fairness to him, he only sv.ggests it as a precautionary meaijure, a«d not that 
 the services oi the local cavalry corps would ever be actually required. 
 
 The people throughout thid .ioction iiave the greatest eontjdence in to3 poli««, aail ia 
 i 'if ability to cope with turbulent i-Jmen. And well they may, for inestimable service, 
 wMicii those m the east caugot appieciato, has been rendered by this corps. The distrib- 
 iitiea of the forces at present, it may not be uninteresting to state, m about ss tollows : — 
 
 A division, under 8upt. Mlillrae, SO strong— SO at Maple Creek, 20 at Meaicine Hat, 
 &n4 small outpodts to the south. 
 
 B division, under Mipt. Gagnou, 100 strong, at R* '.;ina The depot divisioa, whisk 
 .TaiQly consists of recruits, nuTibering about i 10, is also permanently atati.)ned at Regina. 
 
 G and H divisions, under Major Cotton and Supeiindtnt Neaie, 217 strong, at Macleod, 
 
 with outposts at Lethbridge (^o). Stand Oir(lO), St. Mary's Kiver, ne.ir the boundary lice 
 
 iO), Piegan K^sorve Crotk (4), Pinter Creek (4). Tie hist named outpost has t» bo- 
 
 ^nereased in number to 10 men, and to be divided, one detachment remaining at Piacer 
 
 i>eek, and the other being stationed at Crew's Nost Pass, through which all cattle aud 
 
 lorscs going to or from British Cubunhia must pass, the otlici r allowing no animal to pass 
 
 r'arough unless the attendants can prove owuerehip. All these outposts are to be kept np 
 
 Mithout roduciug tho strengUi of the force at Macleod below l'OO. 
 
 S> and K divisions, under Sergeant Steolo and Superintendent Macdouald, 200 strong, 
 fit Battleford. 
 
 S division, under Superintondent llerchmer, 100 strong, at Calgnry, This covers the 
 moaatain, High lliver, and Blackfoot Crossing districts. 
 
91 
 
 II 
 
 T divlalon, nader Aap«rint«ndent Perry, 100 itrong, at Prmoe Albort. 
 
 Q iirision, and«r Superiat^ndent Oriesbach, nearly 100 strong, »t Edmantoa. 
 
 < T« theM muBt be added i^bout 20 icoata and intt^rpretors. 
 
 And hera ia the e«timated strengtb of the In'Uani, as doaely tui can be g1eakie4 by 
 •••fairy •. filaods, 300 or 3.'>0 ; Blaokfeet, 200 ; North riegana, 100 ; South Picgana, tSt ar 
 300— a i«tal of K50 or iMX) fighting men, la this, of ooufRc, the neighboring Anarioai* 
 Indiaiu »r« eaUalated, and in no oaen is the unmbor of warriors nmicr-f stimaUd. r>«ai(lw 
 Mmm thera are tb« Clakheada and KootenatH, of British Coiutuhia, who numb«r 7«ry 
 faw. There ar« a fnw Net Pet«ea, who, howerer, Jo not mingle with the o her Indiaau 
 aad being a laperior elasA, are industriouH. On the other sldt of the line tho ylmwa «r« 
 aat friendly with theSusth Pingaus, although a few might join th >!r forttiues. Thoa bketv. 
 ara two South AsAiniboincs, near Belkaap, in Mo!\tnua, who would like tc mo/e into tha 
 #9press Bills, »ut there is a large United States military post near thorn tu keep th'^m .a 
 aabjeotiaa. 
 
 Aft^r all this ia not snoh a forvnidabfa criemv, eten if they were united, ol which t>rab 
 
 •btUty tkera ia always ths gieatest doobti. A Tisit to the alleged disoonteuted tribra diuei- 
 
 pates the iapr«S8lon th.it thore is macb iikolihoo 1 of an ludian aprising. The fact in tkaC 
 
 Utetn ladians hart*, in the <ini plaoe, according to thdr own statements, no actual or faaoieu 
 
 tjrieTaaces ol huch importance aa to lead them to cauRC troublo. 01 conmc sotne cf tbeaj 
 
 kara gricTancea, bat they are decidedly paltry in character. With the Uovernment't* treat 
 
 wumt they apparently ha^e no fault to tiad, and, as a rule, thay seem to be satistieM with 
 
 tb« oficials placed ornr thom. They bare enough tp eat (an Indian's apjietite is an import- 
 
 aat factor in this quea< ion), and are ah contented and happy as auy situi'ar body uf mea w 
 
 saailar circatHstancea cculd be expected to be. By educating the young Indiau»< who 
 
 kaowsAifkat progreRS tut rising generation could n'.ake ? The industrial >iebools are dttia^ 
 
 a good work in this way ; so are mission Bchoola. and their beneficial eiTecte will l^a appre- 
 
 aiated be/ore long. A hospital should be established on each lar^e reserve, which wauld 
 
 be a koMO f)r the aiok, the afflicted, the deserving needy and the aged and hefpiess oaor 
 
 — in that way their cor.dition would be bettered. Looal cavalry corps should bo crganiMd 
 
 *hro«gkoat the Northwest, at different centres, well equipped and completely odiceced. 
 
 °SkQ full strength of the Mounted Police should be maintained ; and ttie preseo'^ of a 
 
 British regiment of the line would hare a great effect on the ludian miud." 
 
 It will be seen from the foregoing couclusiona of a gentteman who has spent mast of 
 kla life in the oonntry, is familiar with the manners and customs of the Indian, .and whase 
 ■ite^itr is above qaeaticn, that little or no trouble is to be feared from the lied man oren 
 at the far weat, while, as already poiuted out, there are millions o2 acres of the fiaeat mil 
 ta tko DoT*iuion open for settlemeut, near which the Indian does not roam, and where far- 
 feet safety In settling can be relied upon. It should also be borne in iriud that the 
 Meunted police force in the Territories, since its recent enlargement, is now more tiiaa 
 laficieni to cope with any body of t.irl>ulant Rqdskina, who might congregate at aay 
 IMiut. This foroe ia diatribnted throughout th" Territories so that any effort on the part OK 
 iadiana to concentrate their forces could be vsily prevented, and members of the forcv 
 kare sttic* o.'dera to preTent concentration. Then, under the treaty, tho Indiaaa arc 
 afcli«;ad tw stay upon their, rp-serren a refusal to comply entailing forfeiture of the Gareca. 
 Meat annuity. -So that *i oy are thux kept from commingling snd plotting treason. This 
 j»reaautiou is one of thr wiaest adopted by the Canadian Oovorniuent. Then agaia, tko 
 laot'jonld net be lost eight of, that with the e-xoellcnt railway faoilitiea now affarded, 
 sra^se th-i completion of the (janadtiui Pacific K^ijlway, four thousand troops from Baatem 
 <ijkaiada ooald, it naoeaaary. be transported to quell any disturbance that might arise, ia a 
 Mm* not exceading three 3r four days from the receipt of intelligence of aaoh troablo. 
 
 Mr, Whtfley, Comraisaiouer of the Hudson's Ba/ Company, who, from lae impartaat 
 pMt ha ^.ccupies L in a better position to apeak with authority [upon the Indian qaeatisa 
 than most man in the Northwest Territories waa recently interviewed at Winnipeg ttpui 
 w^« aabject. Beiag aaked bta opinion regarding th« probability of an ontbraak among t«ac 
 
u)4taM. h« replied thftt the probabilit)* of dftoger wai greatly exaggerated. Farther m» 
 in tke intcryiew, replying to » queetion m to what policy he woald »dviao being pan«e«l 
 ^riward the Indians, he apoke aa follows, tkn*! bia words will cominend themaelvea t« fcH 
 rifhttkinking men for their broad and hnmane oharaoter : "Thert? is no quaation that tke 
 preaeat plan of having them liTing in masBes together, comparatively spsaStlng, in idlonews, 
 with inat aufficient to keep body and aoal together, is unwholaaome, and we could suaroely 
 xpeet either red, whit*i or black men s-iceed nnder it. There ia no doubt, however, 
 Lhat the (Government are fully alive to th queation, hnt they doubtless realize that the 
 Miwirabte ohanife cannot be ufTouted in a year or two, and that nothing would be gained by 
 niMl^e haate. The Indian muut bo raixed from the pLne he now oocupioa, but that is a 
 •^•ork of time, care and patience. If thf, Indians wr? s-"-~ *^^'^'" land in aovem'ty. with 
 jpr»p«r reatrictioiia, instead of belnj? placed in large numbera on reaervee, a more healthy 
 DTiate of affairs would result,and the tribes would thus be placed in a position from which 
 Iheir chance of wttain'og a higher degree of eiviUzauon would be posoiblo. It might be 
 m-\m, before long, to make a trial with aome band which ia amoug the moat advanced. 
 If the experiment prove a succoas, it would have a tundoncv t> make the Indiana 
 sitizeas, with au interest in the peace and prosperty of the country." 
 
 In view of all those facta the danger may be said to be reilaoed tu a minimam, 
 9o that intending iinmigranta need not be the Nii^btest apprenonsive of coming to settle ia 
 the Northv.'cSt, 
 
 T 
 
 ROYAL MAIL 
 STEAMSHIPS 
 
 -0-0- 
 
 Of travel botween th(^. old and new worlds. The Allu.'i Luxe has carried 
 more pavsseugor.s to and from Canada than all other Liu(;s })ut tot^ether. 
 
 Its Vessels are the Best, Its Officers the most 
 Courteous, and Its Agents in both Contries 
 
 the most reliable. 
 
 Any passenger travelling by this Line to or from M'anitob.i, and the, 
 Northwe^it will be well u.sed if they will call upon the undersigned at 
 471 Main Street, Winnipeg. 
 
 G. H. OAMFBELI., 
 
 General Western Agent for Manito).>*i, N.W.T. and British Golumbia, 
 
<mi. 
 
 ooocoeooooc *_o c o o_o_c»_.o 
 
 80 
 
 " THE MANITOBAN." 
 
 * oo oop 6 • o o o^ c o o 3 o & oi oe"6_o p_o oo o p.0^0 c o_9_* o* 6 P c o oo_6 (jo_6_o.o_o o^» e 
 
 (DAILY AND WEEKLY.) . 
 
 The l«0acling Conservative /ournal of the 
 Canadian Northwest. 
 
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 DAILY, $10.00 per annum; WEEKLY, $2.00 per annum. 
 
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 Payable Strictly in A<lvanee. 
 
 ESTABLISHED 1872. 
 
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 ni PRESS 
 
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 m UADiHC PAPER OF THE CAN.AOIAN NORTHWEST. 
 
 The Oldest Established. The Largest Circulation 
 
 The Most Influential and Popular Newspaper in tiie N^-^rthwes' 
 and the Best AdTe.rtising Medium. 
 
 Evory Settlor on arriving' in. the Northwest .should sub.scribe for 
 nht Weekly Free. Pre.H.s. 
 
 TEHM.S : — D.iily . one year, .$10 ; six months, $5 ; Weekly, one. je*r, 
 $2.00, six nionth.^, $1.25, cash in advfince. 
 
 THE FREE PRESS, 
 
 WINNIPEG, MAN. 
 
81 
 
 PROVINCE OF MANITOBA. 
 
 TO EMIGEANTS 
 
 -AND- 
 
 NTENDING SETTLERS. 
 
 The Department of Agriculture of the Manitoba Govern- 
 ment having established an Immigration Office in the City of 
 Winnipeg, immediately opposite the Canadian Pacific Railway 
 Station, all immigrants and intending settlers are invited to call 
 at the Agency where they cun obtain reliable and correct in- 
 formation, which cannot fail to be useful and valuable to them. 
 Maps, etc., of the Pro\'ince, and pamphlets containing full 
 descriptions of the country and its resources will be supplied at 
 tbi Agency to all applicants. Registers containiiic; the names 
 a .d addresses of parties requiring farm laborers, mechanics, 
 domestic servants, etc., are kept in the agency lor rhe informa- 
 tion of parties seeking employment. 
 
 The Agency is in charge of Mr. James A. Grei'N, as 
 resident agent. 
 
 (Signed) A. A. 0. LaEIVIBRB, 
 
 Minister of x'Xgriculture, Statistics and Health. 
 
 Department of Agriculture, Statistics and Health, \ 
 Winnipeg, April 13th, 1886. j 
 
I 
 
 % 
 
 
 il; 
 
 
 tm Homes m Canad 
 
 The nonunion OoTcmmcni offer VIW.K HOM)->tTKADS In M»nitob«t Mtd the Nortnw.i 
 Teriii/ihw to rt'.l fottlerh who may. apply fur Ihi'in. Tholftnd i« pronoiinoed liy cx|)ort(«H<'oouil k« 
 ■on« ui tUe woHrt. 
 
 «4SYstf:m of survey>* 
 
 'rtio couutry ia laid off in To*a»hip« alx iniU« scninre. rontainlDK thlrty-»4ix HWtiotw »• 
 •W niTfH ea'"li, wlilch are tt^r^litl fltilidlvidi'd into miartcr BcctionR tif 160 ucres, the laUcr nuDiU-> 
 •( lurcs enibraciiijr II hdincF'cjirt. 'I'tio Goveni:iient owim nil tlxi ('\en uumljorotl H(»<;tloii>j Whi<'l 
 »n OT>cn (ill" lii>u»e<)ii Hiiitij,' Two H-cliomi In evciy to^vHwhlp are sot apart for wiiool puriH*««' 
 no Utut (hi.' c^lucut:.)!. uf the Hittler's cliiJdreii may aot be ncglootoU. 
 
 LIBERALITY OF CANADIAN LAND REGULATIONS 
 
 The r«.nadian I^ud Ri.g«IatJonB havinK hrvn very generally roprosonled to bo more onuroi 
 a/wl IcBB lilHTiil thun tho'> ■ of Ihe I'nitrd sfaten. it is i>roi>or to poiut out tu iritendlntf Hoillora tin.: 
 t«n dcilhirn i|10) covc^ the wholu of tho oillc*' fccb in CinHila, «'itii«ir for pre-emption or a homi 
 •(t<>«<t ; wliilf! iu tho Wi.sUTn SUitCH tliore art" Diivc fct^d, one t>f eight doliui^i, pny,al)lt> on ontt>, 
 another of oiK'ht, dollftrr for a (•ominiM-jion. and anotlipr of ten dollurs wlien thopiilcnt w issuer 
 •lakinK twPiity-Bl\ dollars H!2P.001. In Home of thn States the (vex are thirty-four ('ollars (1.14.09' 
 'Hie I'. S Uind«ttrc »oid at f2.S0 ond fL'-'c- per acre. These prii<8 ore nearly Uic (Wine, but tb' 
 4UftrenfC is lavt^rable to Canada. 
 
 In the Uiiit^ Si«t»« u settler cannot Ret his patent until utter five yearn rcBldence. Jh 
 Canii'lj, only tlivee yv.atu >iic roijuircd. 
 
 Ill face, it .f repi'ut*d ti..!f not on the Continenf of America, and It la believed not eiaowhor ' 
 (tre tho Uinil Ucguintions an favorable 08 m '"ajindii. 
 
 It is provided 5>y tlic ("anudinn Nuiuroljzali'.n Act that aliens m.ny acquire «md hold rae-i 
 and peraoDol property of fA-ery deseription, in Uio Hanic manner and in all rcHpoetw as a nator!'. 
 kwm British suti.jo"'!, without ptiy dis'Tiniinaiion a^ainH*. the nation from which auch aliens coriu' 
 
 To lake U[' l/rntod Htates Government loud, however, tho following oatb ia required to !>•; 
 Ukon by a Hntlch subject : 
 
 1 do swear that I will sui)port Ihe Constitution of tl»e (J nit*' 
 
 State* of ^merle^, and that I dOi,.isoiut<ly ami entirely Itenounce ojkI Abjure for ever all All; 
 »ncc and Fidelity to every Fnn'iun Power, i'linee, I'oUmtat^.*, .Stai<! ir SovereiKuty whatever, bji' 
 partieultuly to Qucfn Virfi^na of (treat /Britain and frrlimd, whoso subject I was. And further 
 Mi.U I never have borne any heridiiary title, or been ot ntiy of the dcKvecs of \obtlity of the cx)u» 
 Jry (whereof I have i)een a subiect, and that 1 liave rf.8id(Hi within the Uiute<l Htatoo for IJ vo yeiw - 
 mist past, .and in thiH Stale for ouc year laat past. 
 
 INTELLIGENCE OFFICE ESTABLISHED. 
 
 For the benefit and protection of irnmijn"anto tbe DepartmoJit of the Interior haa oporedcr 
 Immitrmtion and IritelliKcnce OfKec ii. the C'ity of Wiaiiipeir, adjoining Uio Canadiaa Pacirl' 
 JiWilway 8totioii. Ii is the dnly of the '' ^ers eouncftcd witJi the OiRce to meet iinmiKrani' 
 iHTlTiMr c>n nil trainp, U'lk'- chuixo of Oiem, protect them from shnrkH, exorbitant chorgoa. fcU. 
 SMd Kill ;>ly 'hf III witli Ihe fuileHt Inform.-ition rctipectinK the cfjuntry. !n the Intelligence OfllK 
 wil' be /cund Maps showiiiK eettlemciviM, ouide Hook and list of lands ojxin for Homestead ent'.T 
 and all such inforniaiinn as settlers r< 1411're. Tlio Office is in charge of Mr. J, II. Metjjalf, M.P \' 
 .» ffentlemaa fauiilinj- with the eounlry, and who i.-i jirepared to ^lrul8h tlie fnllodt iuformatioi> 
 t-.'Jiej- upon perRonal or wntiin applii'.{i,ticn. lie has 'ifBiftUintu wl>o s^pcuk the foreign huiguafTC." 
 ftncniiy. F'nmi the d'taile*! informnlion, whioh can be obUunexl from the (tffl<;e, U:e intendinK 
 0«ttl< r can select for hiranelf a location or dintri'-i, and tlius a^uid the waste of time and expoiu<t 
 •ecessitatcfl by traveliius all over tbe country In seairh of land. 
 
 For further intoi-matiO/) apply to 
 
 H. H. SMITH, 
 
 DOMINION LANB3 COMMieSIOiNKR, WINNIPKG, 
 
HUDSON'S BAT CO 
 
 -0;o- 
 
 FARMING, GRAZING, GOAL AND MINERAL 
 
 1.ANDSE1SALE 
 
 WINNU'EG, 
 
 11 tlit^ Province of Manitobn and th'^ Northw*'.st Territories of Can.-ula 
 The Company arn entitled to 7,000,000 Acres 
 
 In the G-reat Fertile Belt 
 
 lv\ tending from the Intnrnational Boimdnry northward to the north 
 
 In incli of the Great SaskatchHwan Kiver, and fr'jrn tlie Kastern liouudary 
 
 '»!' M»i,uiU)ha i till' Suuiniit of the Ilocky Mountain.s. All these lands 
 
 • lieing carefully examined by competent ins]»ector.s — each (juarter 
 
 section heing separately reported u])()n. 
 
 '7k' whole of these Lantls are now offered for sofe on 
 
 EASY TERMS OF PAYMENT and irifhoitt antf 
 
 conditions of Settlement or Cultivation, 
 
 SPECIAL INDUCEMENTS OFFERED TO iMMIGR/N'iS. 
 
 — 0:0- 
 
 TOWN^ LOTS FOR SALE 
 
 In the following flourishing and ri.-^ijui- centres of trade: — Winnipeg, 
 
 Colvile, ElphinstoTie, Portage la Prairie, Prince Albert, Rat Portage, West 
 
 Lynne, Edmonton, Fort Qu'Appelle, Rosomount. 
 
 Maps anr] Plans with full information in regard to these lands 
 c;iu be obtained either personally or by letter, at the Comt\anv'.s Office, 
 208 Main Street, Winnipeg, 
 
 Laud Commissiov er. 
 
If 
 
 ' it""'"'™B 
 
 M 
 
 mmm 
 
 AL[ 
 
 n 
 
 0:0 
 
 TBS mm }m mm wmirs lisii imi: 
 
 Through their Intkm u.i nck (Juice al the Winnipeg di'|)(it, oCAr with ..:' 
 (harge v.ihiablo assi'.tance to all arrivah. Ironi iMi^at Hritain and the KuroptMii 
 continent in searrh of FREE HOMKS'IKADS or situations with thrifty farm t., 
 from whom a practical kno\vlcci,ue of j'-'iiif farminf^ may l)c arqitired. M;:is 
 showmjL; the land upun ti>r homcslcading in all parts of Manitoba and li 
 Northwest kepi for inspection. 
 
 THE QOVERNMENT HOMESTEAD REGULATIONS, 
 
 the most liberal in the VVori.o, require but TKRHl^ YEARS to secure a lit'i-, 
 while in the United States FIVE YEARS residence is exacted before the sett'f, 
 can claim the land :is HIS OWN. 
 
 SIX MONTHS of LMch year call for actual residence ui)on the land .scloi u '. 
 during which time the young SKTIlkr may, if he wishes, live with friends wilh'M 
 a radiL's of two miles of his homestead, and during th< balance of "the year m.i, 
 find lucrative em])loyintiU in towns and villages, thereby increasing the capii.,! 
 necessary fur building up a comfortable HOMIC, At the expirryion of the thic 
 ye.irs tertn, there are no unnecessary expenses as in the Unit<;(l. States wh*..'. 
 lengthy newspaper notices are compulsory before a titlk can be clairned froiM 
 the Oovernment. 
 
 Finally there is no objectionable Oaih of Ai.lecuanck by which the briti n 
 subject renooncjs forever fidelity to his Queev and Country. 
 
 The openmg of the two branches of the Manitoba .South Western Coloni' ' 
 tion R.iilway, one to Roissevain, 183 miles, and the other to Holland, 85 mil' , 
 South West from Winnipeg, enables this Company, for the first time, to ofl'cr 
 the public, at MODERATE PRICES 
 
 ONE MILLION ACRES SELECTED LANDS IN THE RECOGNIZED GARDEN ^^ AMERICA. 
 
 TERMS OF FAYMENT:— If paid for in full at time of purchase, a Dec' 
 of Conveyance of the land will be given ; but the purchaser may pay one-ten . c 
 IN CASH, and the balance in nine equal annual insialments, with interest .' 
 six |)er cent, per annum payable at the end of each year. 
 
 'Hhe Lands of the Canadian Pacific Railway Company lying along the M.-^'i! 
 Line firom Winnipeg to Calgar^. are now relieved of cultivation conditions jp ' 
 payments can be made as above. 
 
 Full particulars can be obtained ci the oflfices of 
 
 ALEX. -BEGG, 
 General Emigration Agent, Canadian Pacific Ry, Co., 
 
 88 Cannon St., London E.C 
 
 CHAS. DRINK WATER, or, J. H. McTAVISH, 
 
 Secretary, Land Commissioner, 
 
 Montreal. Winnipeg, Manitc 
 
ir 
 
 IMI 
 
 Jlft r witlv.u' 
 
 he Europciii 
 irifty farm > ,, 
 lired. M.i . 
 toba nnci u 
 
 IONS, 
 
 ecure a uf 
 )re the sett\i 
 
 land selerivd. i 
 friends wilh'M ! 
 the year ir > 
 ig the caiii;..! 
 n of the thu 1 
 .States wIk; 
 claimed tViuM 
 
 ich the brit i, 
 
 tern Coloni • 
 and, 85 mill 
 me, to oflVi 
 
 •^f AMERICA, 
 
 chase, a Dec! j 
 
 ay ONE-TE-.' i'H ' j 
 
 vith interest :U i 
 
 i 
 
 long the M;iii 
 onditions jp'' 
 
 fie Ry, Co., 
 LONDON K.C 
 
 :g, Manito! ■ j 
 -:J