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This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est filmd au taux de reduction indiquA c:-dessous. 10X 14X 18X 22X 26X 30X J --»* 12X 16X 20X 24X 28X 32X er e Ths copy filmed here has been reproduced thanks to the generosity of: Library of the Public Archives of Canada The images appearing here are the bast quality possibia considering the condition and legibility of the original copy and in keeping with the filming contract specifications. L'exemplaire film6 fut reproduit grAce A la g6n6rosit6 de: La bibliothdq le des Archives publiques du Canada Les images suivantes ont 6t6 reprodultes avec le plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition at de la ner3t6 de l'exemplaire fllmd, et en conformity avec les conditions du contrat de filmage. Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the last page with a printed or illustreted impres- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. 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I'hose too large to be entirely included In one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la dernlAre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbols -^ signifie "A SUIVRE ', le symbols V signifie "FIN". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre filmAs A des taux de rAduction diffArents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un seul ciichA, il est f limA A partir de I'angle supArleur gauche, de gauche A drolte, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images nAcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants lllustrent la mAthoda. re. J 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 please read and send in as fnll a diaonsaton aa possible at earliest d»te. (^anadian ^ocieiy of ^ioil ^ngineei-s. INCORPORATED, 1887. AOyf AHCE PROOF— (Subject to revision). N-B.— This Society, as a bcdj, does not hold itself responsible for the statements and opinions advanced in any of its publications. The following speciflcaticn was drawn and compiled by the -.vriter to comply with the general specification of the Provincial Engineer of Nova Sco^a and of the Canadian DepartnuMit of Rail- waj-8 and Canals in forte m 18!)S), so that some of its provisions are thereby governed. The whole is submitterl with the object of drav.Mng out discus- sion and eliciting improved remlcrings and additions such as would be applicable to a general railway specification; and looking to the possibility, perhaps, of the Society appointing a committee to form- uate a standard specification, with or without alternative readings applicable to different circumstances or partfe of the country. J. S. AinisTito.No, M. Can. Soc. C.E. SPECIFICATION. J. S. AuMSTBONO, M. Can. Soc. C.E. QENEBAL. This specification refers to th.. worlcs, easements and things re- quired for the constinction, e(,uii)incnt and niiiiiitonance of the , Uiiilway, with its branches, terminus and shipping facilities, comprising fencing, grading, bridging bal- lasting and track (including 80 'b. rails and fastenings) points crossings, switches, signals, turnouts, sidings, station buildings and yards, offices, machine shops, e-glne houses, turntables, water tanks end water services with all machinery and fittings, wharves ware- houses and all other works of every description which may be ne- cessary to the completion of the work according to the following specification, and to such supplements thereto, and the plans sur" veys and instruction that may. from time to time, be added by .^ the Company's (-nglnccr dtulng the progivss of the work and until the final estimate „f the whol,. work, or final estimates, part by 4 1 Lands. IJ WordB detined. 11 part, as by contract iii^- be determined, Is or are issued by the Company's engineer; the said worlcs having been accepted and 5 passed by the duly authorized authorities of the Dominion and Local Government in as far as they are interested. g The lands required by the Company for tracks or. station pur- poses, for the line of railway and branches, sidings, stations, wharves or piers, as contemplated by the Company's charter, will probably be granted to the Company, and will not, in that case, come under this contract or speciflcatlon. But all lands or material therefrom, required and othei-wiue taken for the use of the Company, 8 may be taken and paid for under contract, but the contractor shall enclose all grounds delivered to him for the pui"poBe of this con- tract, with a good fence wherever required, and shall keep the same enclosed, during the progress of the work, until the termination of r, the contract. Including the period of maintenance, so as to effec- tually preserve the adjoining lands from trespass, and prevent any injury whatever to any parties by reason of the want of sufficient fences to separate their lands from the works, and the contractor shall be wholly responsible for all damages to crops and all the consequences of Insufflcieut fences. In the following specification the word Company shall mean the Railway Company, Limited, represented by its Fresiilent or General Manager, and the word Engineer shall mean the Chief Engineer of the Railway Com- pany, Limited, or his duly authorized assistants, whether engineers or inspectors. Alterationii. 16 Schedule, pricei flover all detallB, 18 19 The engineer shall, at any time, eitljer before the commence- ment or duriji^- the construction of any portion of the work, be at liberty to make any alterations or change that he may deem advis- able, either in the grades or alignment, the width of cuttings or embankments, the dimensions or character of structures, or in any other thing connected with the works, whether the same increases 17 or diminishes the quantity; and the contractor shall only be allowed at the same rate as In his schedule of prices, and no extras of any description will be allowed except on the order of the engineer in writing. The fates and prices in the schedule must be understood to in- clude not only the particular work or material mentioned, but all and every kind of work, labour^ tools, plant and material, of what- soever kind necessary, for the full execution and completion, ready for use, of the respective portions of the work, to the satisfaction of the engineer. The contractors shall carry on the works at such places and In puch manner as he shall be directed from time to time by the Engineer. 21 Kiiglne<«r may in- ciease forces The contractor sl.all be held resronsible for all work that may Responsibility, prove delect ive, owing to bad material or workmauship provided ^ by liiiii, or through want of proper precantion, previous to the grant- ing of (he linal certiticate. If. at any time, the number of workmen or horsi's, or the amount of material or other plant shall, in the opinion of the eng- ineer, be insutticient for the due completion of tlie works in the time speeilied. or if the works are, or some part of them is, not being carried on witJi due diligence, then in every such case the said eug- iiKur shall have the power to notify the contractor in writing to cmpl'.y or jirovide such additional workmen, horse.s, material or p;ant as the said engineer may think necessary, and. ir case the contractor shall not tliennpon wiiliin three days, or sueh longer time as may be lixed by any sucli notice, in all respects comply tlierewitii. he, the said engineer, shall have the power to provide any workmen, horses, material or plant he may think proper, and all moneys so expended by the Company shall thereupon be repaid 22 by the contractor, or may be deducted or detained out of any moneys due, or to become due, to the contractor, and. should these moneys be insullicient, the balance shall be recoverable in the usual way as a debt due by the contractor to the Company. In case any material is, In the opinion of tne engineer, not in suitable accordance with the terms of the contract, and is con- demned as unsuitable or inferior, it shall at once be removed by the contractor from the works, or, should this not be done, the engineer may, on giving three days' notice, cause the same to be removed, and the cost of such removal shall be deducted from any moneys due, or to become due, to the contractor. If any work or service be roquireti to be done, which "is not 24 Extra work named in the ;sehetlule of prices, or otherwise provided for, the en- ' ** "^ ' gmeer shall be at liberty to direct the contractor to perform the same, paying him the actual cost of any such work or material, witli an addition of ( ) per cent, to cover the use of tools and in'otit. In the absence of the contractor a competent agent or foreman 26 contractor-g shall rejiresent him on the works, who shall be considered the law- repiesenta ful rei)resentative of the contractor, and any orders given to sncb *''^' agent or foreman shall be deemed given to the contractor. The Company will provide the necessary land for the right of way of railway and wharves or piers, but the contractor will IiJive to jirovide, at his own cost, any other land required for pro- curing material or conducting his operations, the powers of the Company being available therefor. When considered nec(«ssary by tlie engineer, detail,-d drawings 27 Work to of tlK' different structures will bo furnished to the contractor, from ^'awingi, time to time, as the work progresses, and the work shall be done In ^ "' accordnnce therewith. 8 23 Engineers ni;iy remove improper materials. 26 Lands other tban pro- vided Dy Co. Drawback , 29 30 Wages. Payments. 28 Ciisli payments, equal to 90 per cent, of the work done and material tione, approximately made up from returns or progress measurements, and c-omputed at tin sehednle prices, sliall in- made to tlie ( ontractor monthly, on tlie written certitlcate of tlu> en,i;inoer that tlie worli, on account of which tiie certificate is granted, haa been executed to Ids satisfaction. 'I'he remaining ten per cent, shall be retained until the tinal completion of the whole work to the satisfaction of the engineer, and shall be paid within two montlis after the granting of said tiual eeitilicate; but such progress measurements or certificates shall not in any respect be taken as an acceptance of tlie work or the release of the contractor from responsibility in respect thereof, but he shall, at the conclusion of tlie work, deliver over th(> same in good order. The wages of all persons, of any class, employed upon or iQ respect of any of the said works, shall be paid, at least, once a month. If iw'ssible, said payments .siiall be matle upon the works, or some point convenient to tlie same, but in no case at a tavern or otlier place where liquors are sold. Tlu> contractor, or any person directly or indirectly employed by him, shall in no case establish any tavern or store or other place for the supply of liquor or any intoxicating drinks. The Company retains the right to enter upon the works at any time, and to carry on any work that may be considered lU'cessary by tlie engineer, In order to erect (the iron superstructure of the bridge or) any otlier work that may be re(iuireP employees of the contractor siiall. at all times, obey the directions of the engineer, or his deputies, with resprct to the work; iind if any overseer, agent or workman of the contractor shall be found unfaithful or incompetent by the engineer, or shall neglect or refuse to obey all reasonable orders of tlie engineer or his de- puties, or shall have promoted disturbance upon the work, the ('on- tractor shall, on being required to do so by the engineer, at once discharge said person, and siiall no longer eiiqiloy him on the work. Extra «ork. 40 No allowance will be made for extra work except upon a writ- Taverns. Kiglit to enter. at 32 33 34 Damage. Mecliaiiii..-' Mhsijii". 38 ttn iigroc lui'ut sijfiu'd by tlie fontractor and the ongiue.r, or under tlio written order of the engineer. Ail ehiiuLs for extra worlv, so ordered, must be made to the eng- ineer in writing before the iiayuieiit of tlie next suceeoding esti- mate after tlie work is iierformed, and failing to malce such claims ilie same shall be considered as abandoned by tiie contractor. The contractor sliall not Ije pernutt.'.l to suldet any imrtion of this worlv witliout tlie consent of the Comiuiny and their apuroval of the sul»-contract. Which consent or approval, liowever, shall by no means l.c considered a recognition of such sul)-contractor. The contractor shall l»e bound at all times to iiave an office on tile works or at , where, by himself or soiin' authorized agent, all notices or rciiuisltions from the ("ompaiiy or tile engineei- may l)e received or acknowle and the additional time to be allowed to the contractor for the completion of his contract. All works ar<' to be done to the entire satisfaction of the en- gineer. He is to be the sole judge of work or material, in respect 1 oth to (innlily. (piantity and classification, and his decisloDs on all tiuestioiis of (lis.iuie with regard to work or materials, w as to the meaning ..r iiiti-rpretation of tlii' plans or specillcation. is to he tonsidered linal and liinding on all parties. 41 Claims. 4-' Sublet (Materials) J3 44 Contractors office. 45 Grades bench marks. 4H Liable for cost of replacing. 47 Delays. 4s Kngineer Judge. I'EXCI.NG. All wood, brush, etc.. must be cut, removed from the site of ,, the t.MHv- and burned. .Vo rubbish of any kind must be left strewn al oi;t the gmuud. If barbed wire fencing is ordered, sills will be of round .■odar 50 siii. or hackmatack six inches at the smaller end and nine feet long and sunk in the ground six inches. Posts. Braces. Spacing. Pr.imiiig, Top board. Barbed wire .Straining posts. Posts sot oil Rround. Otlier spec- ili cations. Gates. Material. 51 Posts, wli- used With sills, A'ill be of round cedar or hackma- tack six inches it the smaller end and Ave feet long. 52 Bracts will be of round cedar or hackmatack live Inches at th« .-malh r did and three and a half loot long. s:! l)oMt;,il( (1 two inclK'.«i int.o side of sills and itoM and lasteni'd \»itli luo six inch spiUcs. Small ends of po.sts to lie placed upyer- "* jiiii>t. liraces to be let into jioi^ts and fastcnv'd with two si.\ inch s.uke.s at each end. ,-,5 'J'liere will lie a toil board live inch.'s wide and one and one-half i';(be.-< ibjrk. spiked vertically to the lop of the posts on the side farthest from thv> track, for the barbed wire fence. The top boards to be ten or twenty feet lonj:. so as to ;ibnl on posts, and fas- leu'il as above. .")6 Four best giilvauiz.'d barbed wii'c strands are to be stretched on outside of post farthest from tin; track, properly secured witli 57 staples to each post. Kaeh slraod to be of two twisted wires, and each b.'U'b to have four points, the wire to be No. 12 steel. g^ Strainiu^' posts ai'e to be put up every two hundred feet and at all anjiles and snte openings, and tlu> fence drawn up tightly. The straining post will b« sunk in the ground at least four feet. They 59 \\ ill l)e braced both ways, from top of post to foot of adjoining post, with three inch round cedar braces ftistened with two six inch Sjiikes at each end. ,;0 <'r the fence may be built by letting the posts into the ground. Posts to be of round cedar or hackmatack six inches at the small end and eight feet six inches long, placed four feet in the ground and ten feet apart centres. ci All posts to have the top cut off at an angle of 45. 62 Fence, other than barbed wire, with different spacing of posts, may be substituted on the specification aLd order of the engineer. 63 Farm gates to be constructed as per detailed drawing to bo furnished by the engineer. "* All the material shall bo of sound merchantable stock, and the round sticks shall be of green wood, stripped of bark. GBADINO. Clearing. 65 Where tlie line passes through wooded land, the entire right of way shall be cleared of all the timber, brush, stumps, etc., which shall be either burned or removed from liie right of way. 60 No timber, brush, stumps or roots shall in any case be piled upon adjacent lands. Close cutting.^^ Where embankments are less than four feet (4) and more than two (2) feet, all trees and stumps are to be cut off close to the ground. Where embankments are more than four (4) feet high all ^* trees sluil! ))c cut so tliat the top of the stuiiuis shall always be, at least, two (2) feet l)elow sub-grade. In excavations less than llireo (.'!) feet and einbanknieuts less tliaii two CJ) fo.'t all tre> s and stumps must be Ki'Ubbcd out within the limits of such i'Ulliu.i.'s. C.t Grubbing, ditches, drains or ('iid)aiil Piirtial will be proportionately light. It will be classifietl as light or full '-•'L-iirlng, etc. cleariii.u:, ,i;rtibbiim and close cuitiiii;. .-iccordiny to the .judi:nieiu of the ciiuiDeer. In swMliii;s or soft places, if so d( sli'cd by the cn^jiuci f, a cross- 'SC'rosswaying, way of lo«s of such breadth as he m;iy direct shall lie constructed Of a depth of one ID foot, or such j;re;iter dei)lh as may be con- sidered necessary. Said logs to be placed close together, and to be no less than six (d) indies in diaiueter at small cud !iud linally closely covered with brush. \o ditdU's to be made on either side of such crossway. unless \\itli the direction of the en.irlneer. The ^vork sliall be paid for at so much per acre on a basis of one (1) foot in depth of timber. EXCAVATION. Diniensioiie. The width of embankments at sub-grade or formation level will ~i be Hfteen (l."i) feet. The width or cuttiii.us will not be less than twenty (•_'(») feet. The slojies of cartliwork w ill ueucrally be made one .■lud a half horizontal to one perpendicular. In rock ctittinus the slopes wdl be. as a rul,\ one horizontal to four perpendicular. In cuttings partly earth and partly rock, a beam of six feet must be left on the surface of fl:e lock. The widths, slojies. and other dimensions, above defined, may be varied by the engineer at any time to suit the circumstances. On side hill grounds, where embankments are to be built, and upon which the new work would, in the opinion of the (Migineer, have a tetidaiicy to slide, the surface shall be stepped or deeidy ploughed before commencing the embankment, as may be directed liy the engineer. The materials to be placed in the embankments must be ap- V8 Materials proved by the engineer. All materials found in excavation, whether in roa(. bed cnttinirs, ditches, wtiter ehannels, road crossings or elsewhere, must be dejioslted In embankment or such (ilae; s as the engineer may direct. 7 7 Slepijing side liills. Borrowing, 'i) Wwtliig. XI Olftakes. .sj Dltchir. .S3 CatcbwBters.fi4 Uraing. !>5 Diversions. CO Allowance 87 for shrinkage. 88 8!) Berm. nii Em' above lU waters levels. lu c.ist's wluTi" the roiul bud extavatlqus art' iusurticicnt to form I'liibanUmt'utw tlic (li'lk-ifiioy sliall gi-iuTally 1r' madt' ui) by widcu- liiK tlic cuts and liy imtting iliiches tlifougb thein; but thero may Ite .si»i'<'ial cases wiicii DtluT means of obtaiuiug niaterial for em- l)aiikniciil.-.i will be iiermitted or ordered by the engineer, l)Ut in no cast' will tlie contractor l)e alln\ved to liorrow witliout tlie consem In writing of tlie engineer. Xo wasting on the sides of the cuttings or on the sides of the dltclies will be allowed. Where there is an excess of excavation this surplus must Ite used in widening the embankments, or for such other purposes as the engini'er may direct. In level sections it will be necessary to excavate off take ditches for (onsiderable distiinces to the right and left of the line. These ditches will generally be reiiuired in tlie lowst gnuind. and must be of snttlcient widths and d(>ptlis to till the re(iuirenients of thor- ough driiinage. and tlieir sides sluill lie sloped, and they shall be completed to the satisfaction of liie engineer. On the completion of the cuttings, ditches for the removal of the surface water shall l)e formed at the liottom of the slopes and at the mouths of cuttings, turned out so as not to waste the embank- ment on land sloping towards cuttings or embankments. CatchWiiter ditclh's shall be formed some distance back from the toj) of the slopes of cuttings and foot of embankments, to ex- clude any Avater flowing from adjoining l.-iiid. The contractor shall also c.Mistruct all other drains .'ind ditches wliicii the engintvr may deem necessary for the perfect drainage of the rail^vay and works. All . 'i.-ios shall be graded si. ;is to coiitinuousiy carry off any water. The contractor sliall .-ilso make nil iu'ce>s;iry diversions of i-oads and streiims ;is direited )iy tile enginci'r. The embankments must be made to such height and width as Mill allow for subsidence of .same, so tliat on luMug trimmtMl, after tlie wliole line is c.mipleted, they will stand a« the full dimen- sions sp.'citied ill cl.-iuse 74, and in accordance with genernl draw- ings furiiishcd by tlie engineer. The wliole of tlie gijidiug sli;ill he ciirefnlly formed to inclina- tions and levels aiiproved by the engineer, and the roiidway and cuttings sliii.ll br invariably rounded and left from six to eight inches lower at the sides than on the centre line. For ror, cut- tings it will b- suthcienl to form .-i wiiler cliiinnel ai>oi:t two feet Wide, eight inches deep, along each side. Side burrows and ditches, except wliere they connect witii cut- tings, shall be made so thnt :i berm (,( lour feet, iind a further al- hiwance for slojie of one .-md !i-l::ilf to one (1), shiill lie left out- side the foot of the embankiiii'iit. The formiition level or sub-grade of the embjinknviit. running through interviils or along strejims, must not be less tliiiii one (1) 8 foot higher (after due subsidence has taken place) than the highest fuslu't or tl(U> known in theso streams or rivoi-s. If, l)ofore the whole contract is completed, any portion should be found ttw lov.' ^ it will have to be raised and embanked anew so as to be al)ove Uie levels named. I'nder draining see end of structures. CLASSIFICJATION. 1. Solid rock will aulude all rock found iu ledgos, or in 03 Solid Koak. Hard pan Gumbo. uin- removed with pick and l)ar without blnstiug: also detached stones measuring less than one (1) cubic yard and over two (2) cubic feet. 4Mi. Ilardpan or gumbo shall lncludt> all excavation other tlian -^ solid rock. gyi>sum and loose rock that. In the .iudgmeiit of the engineer, cannot be rKulilu worked with iiick and shovel, or, after l>eing plotiglied witli its niiiny as four strong horses on the plough, is not rrinlilj! shovelled or scrapi'd. Kut if. tin'otigli fiiult of the contractor, the work ha.s to be done at a d'sadviintageous U7 • time, material tliat w(nild otlierwise be friable shall not be t:!ken as hardp.'in oi gumbo. 5th. All other excavation, except filling by train, of whatever 98 Karth. kind, shall be termed e.-irth excavation. 6th. Tni in-filling. The contf.'ict prices for the several classes of excavation shall be taken to Include the cost of depositing the material in the em- liiinkinent :ind all other exi)enses conf.ected therewith, except extra haul, which will only be paid for where it exceeds 1.000 feet, at so mucli per yard l)er jidditional KKI f(>ct. Extra hiinl shall not npply loi overhaul to train filling. All (>xcavations shall be neatly dressed with the retpiir.'d slop.^s 102 Dressing. ns sh.ill be directed by tlie engineer, and no rock excavation will be paid for beyond the limits of the l)ase and slopes as sp;>clti.'d or ordered. .Ml rock loiisened by explosives beyond tlie defined limits, 103 mtist III' removed at the exiiense of the contractor, btit if required to make uji tlie emlmnknient, will be paid for as earth. Rock filling must be substituted for the ordinary cmbiinktiient km Rock-fiii. over culverts and at other structure.-, wlien and for such lengtli as 99 100 Train lill. Stone. Pill at structures. Contrac- tor's roada. SlilJS. Measurd- ments. the oii;:iuei'r may diitct, if tho rook thoicfor can be obtalueil witbiu ivaroiiahle distance witli or witliout extra haul. 105 bu the order, or with the permisslou of the eugiucer, certain onibanlcmeuts may le reserved to !)<' lilh'd by train worii, using a more or k^ss substantial temporary trestle, as he may direct or permit, and the material shall be such, and brought from such locality and at such time, as the eugim>er may order or pernut. IOC In cases where i)itchiug or rip-rap will be required for tlie pro- tection of embankments, or where rock-till over culverts, or behind bridges, or in i. ibwork, will be rcipiired by the engiiK'er, all stone suitable for this work, found in excavation, must be deposited in some convenient place until rciiuired. and all good buihling stone, 10'^ which may happen to be found in rock excavation, may. with the 108 approval of the engineer, be i)reserved and used in masonry; i)ut any material so found and used will not be paid for twice— the quantity will form a deiluctlon from the (pinntity of the excavation a& measured in the cut. 108 In forming embankments great care ii.tist be taken to place at the back of all walls, exposed to the action of the frost, rock-fill bllndeo with spalls or coarse gravel to prevent the retention of moisture and the action of frost then>ou, the engineer to decide in each case the depth and thickness of such rock-Ull; and in forming no embankments between wing-walls, against the abutments of Vidges. viaducts or culverts and over arches, the earth-filling U.'st 1)e careful'.y p.icked or punned in thin layers, and a i)i"o|ier quantity of nuiterial must be placed equally against each side of and over all bridges, culverts and other work before th > embank- 111 ment runs over it: and in forming emlianknicnts tlie greatest -are must be observed, and every precaufioi. must be taken, to load 112 the masonry of structures evenl.v. The price for excavation must be suflieient to cover tlie cost of punning. The loost' stone back- ing, above referred to. .lill bt> paiiid constructed to and from any po'"*- -m the line of railway for the convenience of tlie contractor, for the conveying of the material or otherwise, must be at his owi risk, cost and charges, but tlie Company will provide the neei'ssary land for the right of way. When slips occur in cuttings tliey must be immediately re- Hiovi'd l)v the contractor. tlu> slopes rt^formed, and such precaution '" adopted IS tho engineer may deem necessary. The contractor will be i)aid for the removal of sli|)s at his sdiedule iirice. Tb.e measurenient of (luantity sliall be iuvarialtly made in ex- cavation, unless in special cases where this may be found inipos- Bible. In sucli !inljinents. after all proi).'r allowance for shriidiage, of which he shall be the .iudjie. 113 115 117 10 The liricts stipulated for excavation of the several denomln- 118 Price* ations, together with the price for haulage shall be the total price for "°*^' excavation, loading, removing and depositing all material— in a word, the rates and prices stipulated in the contract must be understood to cover every contingency, the furnishing of all labour, material, power and plant, the cost of finishing up cuts and em- l>ankments, the dressing an4 draining of borrow pits when re- quired, the dressing of slopes to the required angle, and the com- pletion of everything connected with the grading of the roaa-b«d In a creditable and workman-like manner, in accordance with the directions and approval of the engineer. When the line is intersected by public or private roads the contractor shall keep open, at his own cost, convenient passing places and shall be held responsible for keeping all crossing and road diversions, during the progress of the works and there- after in such condition as will enable the public to use them with perfect safely, and such as will give rise to no just ground of com- plaint. The contractor will be held liable for any damage result- 120 ing from negligence on his part , or on the part of his men. The approaches for road crossing shall be of mch grades as the 121 engineer may determine. 110 Roadway preserved. Approaobes, Road diversions shall be made In accordance with plans and surveys, or with the directions of the engineer. 122 Diversions. ALL ROADS CBOSSED. On all roads, crossed by the railway on the level, a platform of ^23 Crossing. hemlock or spruce shall be spiked flown to the cross lies between the rails, and for a distance of eighteen inches on each side of the track. On private or farm roads t' ; platform shall be twelve feet 121 Platform, wide, made of three inch plank, and on nubile roads it shall be made of four inch, plank, and twenty-four feet in width. The plank 125 shall be spiked dow with seven inch spikes in a secure manner, and all irregularities in the thickness of the plank shall be adzed off. In or under the earth worL of the approaches culverts or drains jge culverts shall be made according to the general designs, or special, if or- '" »Pproa- dered by the engineer. The culverts shall be of sufficient length to *"'"" pass through the iipproaches. The approaches, unless otherwise 127 ordered, shall be made with a grade of not more than one in twenty. rUBLIC ROAD CROSSINGS. Public road crossings must be so constructed as not to impair i2i the usefulness of thf road, and the general drainage and flow of water niUBt Iw restored to Its original condition. The whole work must be executed so as to meet the approval of the engineer. 11 129 Cattle Guards. Signboard 130 and crots- ing com- plete. Overhead 1.^1 bridges. Farm 132 croBBingi and gates, 133 Overhead 134 farm crosa- ings. When the railway crosses public roads f.t rail level, cattle guards of cedar timber, with hard pine stringers (or surface cattle guards if ordered), shall be constructed. Under this heading shall be embraced every thing necessary to complete the crossing: the cattle guards, planking, bridging of side ditches, fences from cattle guards to the line fences of the railway; also cedar iwst and pine sign Iward, finished, painted and lettered. The fences, connecting cattle guards with right of way fences, shall be of cedar posts and pine or spruce boards, all as per drawing. When public roadway.s are passed over the railway above rail level, overhead bridges sliall be constructed, in accordance with drawing and special specification. Farm crossings sliall be established wlierever directed by the engineer. They shall be graded so as to form easy and convenient passages for farm traffic across tlie rails. Gates with proper fas- tenings shall be p .^ced in the fences, according to the drawing. Wlien farm roads are iiassed over tlie railway al)ove rail level over head bridges shall be constructed, in accordance with drawing and specification. TUNNELS. Stream tunnels. 135 The lunnolling will consist of "stream tunnels." The tunnels shall 1)0 driven tlirough tlie solid roolv, which, in some placos, forms the sides of ravines. Tliey shall bo formed in the manner to be pointed out in each case. Open cuttings at the end shall b-,' ex- cavated to give an easy flow to the water. These open cuttings ma.v be .sllglitl.v curved, but the tunnels proper shall l>e perfectly straight from cml to end, unless otherwise orderwl by the engineer, with the sides as smooth as practicalile. The up-stream end .of each tunnel shall generally be one foot lower tlian the bed of tlie Btivam opi oslte. and the tunnels shall be driven with such inclin- ation us the ( ngincer may direcf. Care shall be talien to leave a solid I lllar of rock, between the tunnel and the side of the ravine, eciUiil (except in special cases) to not less than double rhe width of the tunnel. The thickness of solid rock over the tunnel shall Iw? similarly proportioned. The excavation In open cutting which forms the outlets of tunnels, shall lie paid for as ordinary excavation, according to classillcatioii. The niaterl..i excavated from them F.liall be iilficeil In the embankments, or as may be directed by the engineer. The tuiuu'ls shall usually be oval lii section. The tun- nels shall be paid for by the lineal foot, and the price shall cover all the cost: of pumping, draining, etc., which mny he necGSsnry. J3(j The tunnels may be ligured of the following dimensions:— 12 For lineal foot of tunnel equal 12 cubic yards. do. 8 do. do. 4 do. do. 2 do. do. 1 do. If any concrete lining is required it will be ordered extra All road diversions, .stream diversions and other woilis re- 187 w"; rnH?r"''i^ ^^l'^ excavation, shall be executed In accordance Dlrer.ion«. With plans and, or, instructions given therefor from time to time. FOUNDATIONS. Foundations for masonry or concrete stiuctures shall be ex- cavated to such depths us may be necessary to secure a solid bear- ing, of which the engineer shall be the judge. The material ex- cavated shall be classified and paid for, as provided in these speci- fications, under the head of excavations; and, in the case of found- ations m rock, the rock must be excavated to such depth and in such form as may Ire reciuired by the engineer. When a safe and solid foundation cannot be found at a reason, able depth (to be judged C by the engineer), there will be prepared, dfrecr '"'"*''''''*°''' '"'''' '"tiflcial foundation as the engineer may AH materials taken from tli(> foumlatiori, if of proper qualltv, snail l>e deposited in the contiguous embankment; but any material unfit for such purpose shall be deposited outside the roadwav, or in such place as the engineer may direct, and so that it will not In- terfere with any drain or water course. Timl)er foundations, when reqiiired. sliall be such as the engin- eer may by drawings, „r otlK^-wise. prescribe, and will be paid for by lx)a'(l moasure, the price .overing cost of material, framing and putting m place, and of all wronglit and cast Iron ordered. Xo masonry or concrete in foundations shall be commence*! l>o- fore the engineer shall have examined and approved the found- ation, nor until the contractor sliall liave provided appliances and material of sucii kind and in sucli quantities as shall be approved by tile i'iigine(>r. When a structure is to be founded ui)on rock the latt.>r must be cleared from dirt, earth or otlier detrimental material to tlie satls. fa( tion of the enginwr, and. if dcmiMl necessary, levellwl, steppod or roughened to receive tlu' concrete or masonry, and tlie contractor, If prices have bei»n settled by contract, may be allowed to adopt any plan for liis (^)fferdam tlint he may desire, provided lie is abl(> to lay the foundation dry, so as t() properly prepare tlie rock to n^'eln> the masonry or concrete. 138 Foundation excavation. 139 140 141 Artiaclal foundation 142 Jfaterlal, whera deposited. 143 Timber foundation. 144 145 Foundation approved. 146 Hoolt-found lirepiira- tiou. 147 18 Bottomless 148 caissons. Bip-rapped. 149 Caisson 150 hour worltecl. lei Concrete 1B2 placed unde water. Caisson design. 163 Borings. 154 Additional 165 borings. Testing 1 conorate. Space round masonry. Batter. 1B7 158 Speclnl 159 designs. Piles. IGO 161 16'i 163 164 He will also be allowed, in building piers in water on rock, where the rock is considered suitable by the engineer, or where the bottom of the river forms a suitable foundation, to use suitable bottomless caissons, and the foundations shall be levelled off, or the timber at the base shall be shaped to allow for the irregularities of the surface. Structures on bottoms^ liable to scour, must be immediately rip- rapped. In bottomless caissons, where concrete Is to be filled in under water, and there is, in the judgment of the engineer, any liability of the concrete washing, canvas shall be secured to the timbers aud spread on the bottom, and bags of concrete shall be placed upon the oanva.'?, and, where considered necessary by the engineer, these bags shall be fitted by divers into the angles of the cribs and bot- tom, so as to prevent all scour. In cribs the proportionate depth of concrete deposited uuder water and that laid after the crib is unwatered shall be determined by the engineer. Caissons or cribs for this use shall be designed so that when de-watered they may resist the pressure of water due to the depth above the concrete that may be laid under water. For the purpose of esting important foundations, -vhenever required by the engineer, the contractor shall make soundings and borings with approvetl hydraulic or other approved boring outfit, or, if deemed necessary by the Government, with diamond drill, to such depths as the engineer may require, and said tosts shall be made under the engineer's supervision. When caissons or cribs are sunk into the bed of the river or below it by dredging or otherwise, additional borings within tlie cribs may be required. In important structures, where concrete has been deposited in caissons under water, If required by the Government, a diamond drill shall be used to obtain a core and determine the character of the concrete. In caissons there shnll be a space, at least two feet all round between the Inner face ot the timber and tii masonry. If a crib is built with perpendlculai iiles the batter of the masonry pro wall will not allow this proiwrtion, in which case tiiey must pass from front to back. In the abutments wher,. the headers do not pass through the wall, they must be built In from the back and front alternately. 167 1st claM masonr/. 168 169 Bed drei>B- ing. 170 Ohisel dreseing. 171 ThicknboS of courses. 172 Headers. Through stones, rs stretchers. 173 Cut-wsters. 174 Iron clamps. Joints of backing. Face pro- jection. Hammer- inn before let. Prices cover details. Backing, 179 180 Stretchers must not be less than thirty inches nor more than one and one half times their height. The vertical joints must be so arrangwl that tlio stones overlap those in the course below at least nine Inches for the twelve inch courses, with one Inch addi- tional lap for each three inches increased thickness of couree. The cutAvater stones must be arranged as shown in detailed plans. The vertical joints must all be dressed back square for the 175 full depth of the stone. Iron clamps, of the required dimensions, with bolts passing through them down through one course and a half of masonry, must be let iuto the stones in the manner shown on tlie plans, and the holes filled in with neat cement. 176 The vertical joints of the backing will generally be left as they come from the quarry, unless they should be found of such a nature as to make the joints average more tlian two inches in width. In which case they must be hammered off so as to make the joint of 1-7 the required width. Care must be taken in arranging the backing 178 so as to afford proper ties for the headers and to get the stones as close together as possible. The backing, generally, must have an area of bed of at least four supei-ficial feet. In every case the beds under headers must make joints equal to tlie face work, and no pinning of any kind will be allowed under bottom beds. Whore headers do not come th.- courses neea not he levelled off, but may project into the courses above. The work must be left with a clean quarry face, free from all rust or stain or marks of any kind, and in no case must the rock face project more than four inclies beyond the line of pitching Every stone must be laid with a full bed of cement mortar and beaten .solid Spaces in the vertical joints, large enough to be built, must be built up, and all other vertical joints must be thor- oughly grouted and each course finished off perfectly solid No hammering will be allowed on the wall after" the course is All the work must be carefully pointed with one to one cement rnortar. and, at the completion of the contract, the work must be left in neat, clean and workman like condition. The girder beds and coping shall be acconling to plan, and Shall be so arranged that the ginlers shall set fairly on the middle of the stones, with V* inch joints and 1 to 1 cement mort^ar It is un.lerstood that the prices for masonry, concrete" piles caps and platform put on the schedule Is to cover the cost of all materials^ plant and workmanship neces,sflry for the construction Of th« cofferdams or caLssons, and all pumping or balling, and any other work required to found the piers, abutments, etc.. in a sound and substantial manner, and that no extra price will be paid for 16 181 182 1<3 184 18.5 any extra work that may be required to secure this object. The l)rofiles of the bottom or the river crossings will be prepared from soundings, but the Company will not be responsible for their ac- curacy. The contractor must satisfy himself on this point, and It is to be fully understootl that no claims for extras will be permitted on account of any inaccuracy in tlie plans, and the contractor shall have no claims for extras on account of any increased or diminished quantities of masoniy in any piers or abutments, or on account of any increasetl or diminished depth of water on the site of nny of the piers or I'butments. He shall only be paid for the actual quan- tities at the schedule rates. Increase or decrease. SECOND CLASS MASONBY. This masonry shall be similar, in all respects, to first class i86 2udcla8B masonry except tliat brol^en courses will be allowed, with 1/2 inch .ioints. and that stones eiglit inches in thicliness may be used. The stones used must have an area of beds of similar proportion to that specified for first c'.ass stones, based on an assumed minimum thickness of twelve inches. That is, stretches must have a mini- 187 nuuu width of eighteen inches ar.d lieaders a minimum depth of igg thirty inches. Headers may be eighteen inches in width and form Vi the face. The chamfers, arrises ami cutwaters will be pitched off to line and left perfectly true from top to bottom, to the batter required. The girder beds shall not be less than twelve inches thick for the smallest bridges and eight feet area on bed. The larger bridges will reo as to be reasonaldy secm'ed from tiu' air. When stored it sliall be kept in a tight iiuildlng free from dratights. and each cask must be raised several inches from tin- ground, by lilocking or otherwise. .nough before use to allow of re- ((Uired test. It must be put up in will-made casks, etc., na above. 24 Instead of the test above, after the flrst paragraph, the follow- ing may be substituted:— The character and severltj of the tests to be determined by the Government engineer and to the satisfaction of the engineer. All masoury or concrete work and otlier structures shall be made In accordance with the plans and, or directions given therefor by the engineer from time to time. According to plans. TIMBEB WOnK. Thi- timber used in all truss, trestle or pile bridges, culverts or cattle guards must be of the very best description of tlie kind re- quirt d, free from jill hiose, liirge or unsound knots, sap, sun cracks, shakes or otin-r imperfections. When so required it must be sawed or hewed dye square and out of wind, and when delivered must In every way conrorm to the specuicatioi . Tlie 1 ernianeiit stringers and guard i-ails, when of wood, must be of the best tlmbi'r for trestles must be of good sound material approved by till" engineer. The timber for permanent trestles aliov(> the piles or mud sill foumlatlons to be of southern hard pine. Mud sills to be of cedar or hackmatack. Till' limber for cattle guards or culverts, exc(>ptliig stringers or ties, will be of ceilar. •Ml timber must conie fully u|) to the dinieiisions called for on till' hills and drawings. Iron, rock-elm or hackmatack pins of such dimensions, of such sh.'ipe, iind of such luiinbers as deeiue-d necessaiy by the enginejiir shall be used in iilmiing, in a proper manner, the timber in all cul- verts and cattle guards. 78 Description of material. 279 Stringers. 280 Ties or stringers. 281 Uelivery. 282 Kight to alter. 2H3 Delivering ill piles 284 Material In trestles. 288 Cedar, 286 Dimen- sions. 287 lioltBor pins. 26 Framing. Mortices. Price general. Piles. Resistance required. Exception- al cases. Broken joints. Lengthen- ing piles. 269 All framing must be made to fit closely and must be done In a thorough and workman-like manner. No open joints or filling pieces Avill be allowed. 290 Morticer; ^nd tenons will be well and truly made, and the entire structure shall conform in every respect to the drawing provided. Each structure must be under the supervision of a first-class, 291 practicable, bridge foreman. The price per lineal foot or per cubic lOot, or per 1,000 feet board 2^2 measure, is understood to cover all expenses incurred in couidet- ing the structure to tlie satisfaction of the engineer, including all iron or other material required. Tiles will consist of hard pine, hackmatack or other timber ap- 293 proved by the engineer, and, in special cases, may be required to be rriosoted. They must be straight and sound throughout, and not less than 9 inches in diameter at the small end. not including the bark, and shall square 12 inclies at the butt. When retiuired, a de- tailed plan will be furxiishetl by the engineer, showing their position and method of tenoning, bolting, etc., and they shall be driven to 294 such a limit of resistance as the engineer shall determine. The 295 contractor must properly appoint each pile for driving, and supply and fix all rings for hoads, also slioes, where necessary. Should the nature of the ground or other causes reduce the 296 sinking of the piles to the limit of resistance directed, before suffl- ( ient distance has been penetrated to ensure (in the Engineer's opinion) the stability of the structure, the contractor will be re- quired to continue driving, without additional charge, until such deptli has been reached as may satisfy the engineer. Should any pile be broken in driving, another sound pile must be driven in its place at the expense of the contractor. During the progress of tlie driving wrought iron bands must be supplied by the contractor. The necessary lengths of piles sliall be ascertained by driving test piles in different parts of the localities in which they 299 are to be used; and, in case a pile shall not be long enough to reach "hard bottom," it shall be sawed off square, a hole 2 inches in dia- meter b" Iwred into the liead 12 inches deep. Into this liole a cir- cular white-oak tree nail, 23 inches long, shall be well driven, and .•mother pile, similarly squared off and Iwred, and of as large a dia- meter at the small end as can be procured, shall be placed upon the lower pile, brought to its proper position, and driven as before directed. The iiiles to bo paid for, in foundations, a. so much per lineal 300 foot measur indies in diameter at the au5 small end, filled with approved stone, on a liallast floor of d inch poles, will lie Imilt, where ordered, for tlie protectiou of embank- ments, in accordance witli plans. AVhere tlie bottom Is soft, brush 300 and poles, two feet thick, will be placed underneath. Th(> logs to be of sound cedar, or other material, approved by the engineer. Timber culverts, in banks up to 12 feet, and timber cattle guards :i07 win, when ordered, be built of sound cedar 10 feet by 10 feet, witli hard pine stringers and cross ties when required, and in accord- ance v/ith plans to bi; furnished by the engineer. A'f^c— Surface caltle Riiards, of ilescrli)tion to be hereafter determined, 308 may, when ordered, he substituted for the timber ones above mentioned. rile bridges, trestles, wooden truss bridges, wliarling and any .^.^ other timber structures reiiuired, when ordered, mtisi be construc- ted in accordance with plans and detailed iiistructi(ms to be fur- nished by the engineer. How paUl for. Wrought C'iist iron. Crib pro- tection. Tiinlier culverts. Surface cattle guards. General. I'.VINTINCl A.\0 .lOINT FIl.r.IXG. Any piles of timlier required to be creosoted shall be of southern ^n* pine, or other wood ordered, of the best (piullty, sound .•iiid green, straight and fr(>e from shakes ami knots. It must be thoroughly 3li seasiined at a t forced into the tiiiilier under a pressure of not less than loO lbs. per stpiar.' inch. The croosotlng shall be il In the most approved manner, and 313 to the satisfaction of the engineer or ins|)ector, who shall have full power to reject any creosote or timber, wl 'her before or after treatment. Creosote oil shall contain not less than twenty-live p-'r cent, of 3U tnr acids and nor less than twenty-live i>er cent, of Ingredlonls that do not distil ct, and to his ciitir*' satisfaction. TELEGRAPH A.Nl) TKLEPHONE. 'J'elt'graiili and tele- pliOne (jlas8 insu- lators on l)aint('(l American oak pins 4r." \' 15" per tb. PainleJ Am. oal« brackets 111" per til or No. s n.W, fl.Oal. iron tel. wire British r. 0.1). ipec ■■ Steel bridg- ing! t'ti'. KrIIh. .ilG Tlic contractor shall erect, and. during the continuance of thft contract, maintain for llic ComiiiUiy's use. during construction and thereafter, a tclegrapli or telephone line along the Company's right of way Willi connections to tlie Company's olIlc^'S. complete with liistruincnts as iuul when ordered l)y tlie engineer, and sliall deliver tlieiii at the expiration of tlie contract iu perfect worthing order. The line will, prolialily. be used as a leleplione line during con- struction and ihe ulegrapli line installed ilierc.-ifter. 'I'lic main line sliall be Imilt In a substantial manner, as fol- loAVS :— <'edar poles, thirty-live to the mile, shall be provided. :!.". feet long, not les tlm ."• Inches free of barU at the small eml. free from dcfeets, and sli.'ill bi' sunk in tlie ground not less than .I feet. Tlie poles sliall etich be provided with one or more brackets or a two-wire cross ;inn, with glass iiisnliitors complete, as may here- al'ter be oidcred by the engineer. Tlie brackets to lie of tlie best (lualily. iiainte.l, and securely atiach(>d Willi two sijikes each. The painted cioss arms, of ai»proved size and material, to be secur.'ly bo'li'd to the poles with two loge screws each. I'or temporary conii.'.-titm to the Comp:iny"s or contractor's otlices. poles and lixtnrcs of size and material approved by the engineer may lie used. The telegraph wire slitill be No. !» iron wire galvanized. 'I'he iioles to be erected soMi after lli(> cletiring is comjiletcd on the various sections of tlie line. .'il7 AH steel girders, trestles, truss bridges tind other structural steel or iron works, ordered by ilie engineer, shall be constructed, erected. conii»l«'ted and tlien tested In necordanoo with plans and sppclflcntlons approved by the engineer, and with the specitlcatlon of the Deiiartment of Railways and Canals of Camilla, A,l>. IS'tji. wherever applli-ablc tliereto. •"« The Conipnny has contracted for all or most of the rails reiiuired for the line, and the contractor shall lake over this contract and •^H supply all rail Joint bars, liolts, spikes and other perniaucnt way 3i9 supplies, ordered by the engineer, at such points accessible to the railway ;is may be designated; and the contractor will be reiiuired, at his own cost iuid expense, to provide iill labour, si)aee and appli- ances for liandling tlieni at the place of delivery, and for sub-de- livery from these points to the line. The rail will 1)" tlie Pennsylvania Steel Comi)any's section No. 320 Pattern. 202 woigliing so lbs. ix'r yard. The joiiit bars and l>olts will Ik> tlieir standard joint section 321 Joints. 1202 unless otlierwise onlered by the engineer'. Tlie spilvcs shall be made from th(> best refined iron or mild 322 Siiikeg. Steel % of an inch stpiare, iind sliall, on test, be equal to being bent to a double without fracture: ;ind tlK'y shall liave pressed heads of approved size and form and points cliisel sharpened. They shall be six indu's long over all and siniilav to sample, to 323 be api)rovert by the engineer. .Ul other permanent way supplies, shall be according to i)attern or sample apj)rovi'd l>y the engineer. All culverts, bridges and iron trestle work will be lnsi)ected by 324 Inepector. the engineer. Tile bi'idges and trestl'' work to lie inspected tlnis:— Two or more engines, of at least ."•(» tons weiglii ciicli, tender 326 and engine, [irovided )iy llic conti'acior, to be placed iu full work- ing order, witii necessary drivers and iittendants. nnder tlie control of the engineer. Tlie two engines and tenders will be coui»led to- gether au'd made to run at liigli speed of, say, .".."> miles per iiour over the structure being l.sted. Next, they will lie required to run with gtiod Sliced and tlie bralces iipiilied at once, so as to stop the engiiU'S on the centre of struct iir<', or on any one point of structuri> which they may be i'e(piired to stop upon. .Vml tliey shall be at the ser- vice and command of tlie iuspi'cting euginc(>r to make such other test as he may deem desirable to ascertain tlie detlcction, vibration or iiermauent set wliicli the structure may undergo during such tests, and its capability to give the desirable f;icior of sjifety. The conti'nctor is to give tlie engineer ten days notice in writ- 3^11 Notice, Ing, stati.ig the time and iilace ;it wliicli the two engines mentioned will be ready for tlie inspection. cuoss '#ii:s.— Tnfni;ii sizi:. ("loss ties will be accejited of cular, iuickn atack. white pine, Ik ni- a^T Matorlnl lock or black spruce, )is the eugiueei- may direct, and must be eight (S) fe;>t ill length, seven (7) iiiclies in tliickness. and not less tlian six (di iiicli wiiltli of fai'c Oh lioili sides at any point, and (here suk sizo, must be, .Ml least, one-fourth of the number that will be not less than eight (S) inchi's in width oi' face. 29 ilANUFACTUKE. Quality. .ijg .Make. Gulls. All tics must 1)0 ni;ide from .soiiml. tlirirty, live or y-ivrn tim- IKT trw inmiluo.se or rotton knots. w)ni lioh-s dry rot miuI Shakes splits or any other imperftcticns affecting Uie "strength or duraliility of the timber. '«0 Xot more than one (1) inch of snp-woo.l will W nllowc.i on the e.lg.-s or corners of the ties. They must 1.,- l,cw, ,1 or snwc.l nith liie faces true and parallel, of tlu> tliickncss spccitici. The fares nu.-t be our of wind, smooth and free from any in,..,ualitles of sufa<-e deep score marks or splinters. They must he ,ut or sawed s,|„are on the ends to the lensth iriven. and he uvnerallv stral-ht la .,11 directions, ami will not be accepted of more ,li,.,u three C!) iuc'e* out of st.aight iu any direction, ami must be p,.,.h.d or stripp.'d en- tirely free from bark before lieing delivered 331 No -s-piare ties," .-ither hewed or sawed, will be acceiHed ex- cept lor switches, no s|.lit ties will be accepted under auv cinaun- 332 stances, and ■culls" only at tiie opti.m of the emiineer tor iwe in sidings only. SWITCH TIKS. Switch ties. 333 Long ties will be required for all switches, of dimensions, lengths and kind of lind.er to be directed by the engineer. iit:i.ivi:i!v. Staeke.l. 334 All ties deliveri'd along the line of railway must be slacked up in neat S(niMre slacks ,,f lifty (.-.()) ties in each, willi .•illernale hiyers crossing .'ach other, and on ground, wherever possible, as liigii or higher than the grade of the r.-iilroad, .Mnd in such position as to admit of being counted and inspected witii ease i,nd facility. Ties ilelivireil at suitable ;ind eonvi'uient pl.aces, a.-eeplable b. tlie eliief engineer, will be iuspecled and aecepted up p, I he last dav of each mouth and iududed in monthly estimates, 335 The track materials, eoiisistlng of the rails, cross-ties, switeli timbers, spikes, splice bars, frog.s ami ,s*-itches ;ind their ajipurteii- anees, timber ;ind jtlank for cattle guaro delivered they will be con- sliler. (1 as being in th.> <.oulracior's custody, and he will be lield re- spngineer in charge. And In no case will forcing, springing or sledging the rails be allowed. The rails must be, Invariably, laitl with the maker's brand let- 350 Maker's tors nlwa J .s on tho outside of tho track. "«™o. This rule must be strictly carried out. 381 81 Guage. Super- elevation, 352 The giiuge of track will be four feet eigbt ami a half (4' S%") inches on straight lines, and on curves tlie standard for "widi! gauging" will be one sixteenth incli per degree of curvature. 353 Tliis increase of gauge must be accompanied by the corresi)onvl- ing suiier-elevation of tlie outer rail. 35^ Tliis super-elevation of tlie outer rail on curves, unless other- wise ordered, will be 0.(l."> per degree of curvature. TKANSITION crUVES. Trniisltion curves. Spikes. bre.akiiig iciiiit. Exp;ii;>ii'ii itluiwance. 355 The super-elevation must corres^wnd with the curvature. 356 All curves of over 3 degrees of curvature per 100 feet will have transition curves properl.v laid out at each end. and, except in special cases where it may be differently ordered, the curvature shall vary by 1 degi-ee for i-acli thirty feet till the maximum in each case it altained, and tlie rails sliall be bent to correspond to tlie nearest degree of curvature in accordance with their location. Where there is no easing of curvature the super-elevation shall taper out on tlie tangent, at least .".o fcH't for each degree of cur- vature. 357 There must bo four (4) spikes to viu-h cross tie, two (2) inside and two CJ) outside of tlic rails, driven witli a pioiier amount of "stagger" so as to avoid splitting the cross-tie. and the two (2) inside spilces to be driven in ihe same edge of ties so as to keep llie ties at 358 right angles to the track. On sharper curves than four (4) degrees an additional spike will be put on outside of oute'- rail. Spi!;es iimst always bt> driven where there are slots in the sjilice bars except in briilges. In cold weather place the spikes against. the edge of tlie slots nearest the end of the rail; in hot weather against the other side of the slot. In driving spikes on the gauge side care must be taken to place (he gauge at rigid angles witli Ihe rail. Tlie spikes musi lie driven as nearly perpeiidicidar as iiosslble, and not more than four inches from ci'ntre to centre of siiike on a line parallel witli rail, and no lilow must be struck after the hook of the spike is fairly down on 361 the rail tlange. Great car»> must be taken not to strike the rail, and none 1 ut experienced and expert spikers must be employed on the work. 36J The rails will be laid to bri'ak .joints, iuid great care must be taken not to let the .joints run ahead, but to keep them iihvays ex- actly o|iposite tlie centre of the opposite rail. .Not more than one foot variation in this jiarticular will be allowed. 303 Expansion and contraction of rails will be provided for by the use of the following rule for various degrees of t>'mperatiire:— Open joints for >0 Kahienlieit one sixteenth of an inch. Open joints for 7ri(ig. s, with connecting guaitl rails, for which a set of general standard plans will be furnished. Hail guards, when used in connection with switclies. must l)e of proper hngth, slightly bent at ends, and properly adjusted and securely fastened. Plans will be furnished of standard switcli stands, frogs and lixtures. showing minor details of placing in iwsition, which must be conformed to. Before any construction car or engine is allowetl to r.un over tlie rails the track nu-st be lined and ties must lie tirnily tamped to a good level so tliat there shall be no ciiance of straining or bending the rails. Material for tamping must not be dug out of embankment and bermes, nor shall any material In- taken from I lie side slopes of cuts in such way as to distigure tliem. When track material is being hauled by contractor's trains over track already laid, sudi irack shall be kept in good line and surface by the contractor. The contraefor will be reipiired to lay and tinisli tlie track at any iieci ssibl(> point wliere there may be a continuous stretch of completetl road bed of not less than live (.".) miles of track ready to receive It, on being notified by the ciiief engineer to do so. 3G4 Iron Bbiiii8. 365 JointH at opeuings. 306 Gridiron. 307 Crossings. 308 Joint bare. 3:0 Sklo tiaol<. 370 (iiiard rails 37 1 " 372 SwitchoB. o;:j Track lined :ind lumped 374 No diBfigu- ration. 3/5 Tracli kept 11]). 370 'I'riicls laying. Plant dis- tribution track bullaxt etc ■Ml Bnlliist pits. 37S Working. Extra ballast. 380 Tho work of tniok Inyiug aiul Imllastiut; will eiiiliriue all en- i-'ines, cars and plant, and all hihoiu" and tools riHiulri'd for loading, iinloadin,L' and distrilmtinfj rails, joint fastminps, spikos. points and (•rossin^''s and sloopcrs or cross tics, la.yinp;. liftinj;, ccntcrinfi, lining and snrlacing the track; also for making roads to ballast pits, and la.ving all snrl'acc tracks for p'ttini:, loadin,u: and nnloadinj; the bal- last, placing the same in the road and trimming it up. In selecting ballast pits a preference will always be given to those points where the best material can be procured, having due 3'9 icgard to the convenience of the contractors. Dtu'ing the working of any jiit. should the materials be found unfit for ballasting, the engineer shall have power to compel tlie contractors to close such |)it and open others. The surface of the ballast pits shall bo stripped of soil other than gravel. wh<'re such exists, and the stripping hauled away by horses and carls to ii sjioll bank, as may be directed by the engineer, invarlMbly k< jiing tlie pit stripiicd 1(» feet back from its face, and no iiall,- ting material wliatever shall be placed on the road bed, but as g<. .1. clear gravel, free from eartli. clay, loam or loamy sand, as the country will afford along tlie line or within practicable work- ing distance from it by branch lines or sidings. 3S1 The maximum size of gravel must not be greater than three .383 inches in diameter. In unloading the ballast the train must be kept In constant motion, working to and fro so as to thoroughly mix different qualities of biillast, until a sufflcicnt quality is deposited 3S3 for th(> fu'st lift. The track must then bo raised so that there will be an iiverago depth of inche's beneatl .ae ties, and they must be thoroughly tamiied throughout their entire length with picks or bars and not only with sliovels, and care shall be taken to keep large stones away from the ends of the ties. As the raising proceeds, the end of the "lift" shall extend over not leiss tli.in three rail lengths, and. before trains are allowed to pass over the inclined portioii of track, it must be made sufHciently solid to prevent bending the rails or twisting the rail joints. After 335 the lift the track shall be centered, lined, toppeil, surfaced and trimmed off to a proper form and width. About 2,000 cubic yards of ballast, pit measurement, v ill be required for each milo of single ■ track. Second "lift" must 1k' mtide in tlie same manner and with the same precautions as required for the first "lift," in order to secure a thickness according to plan directions. In wet cuttings the engineer shall have power to direct a greater thickness of ballast should it be deemetl necessary. 3S4 3SG 34 INSPECTION. Inspectors. No masonry in frozen weather. 389 AM structural work, whether foundations, masonry, concrete,- «tc., timber or other work, will be carried out under the supervision 3^7 of inspectors appointed by and acting under the authority of the engineer, whoso duties will be to see that the requirements of the Bpeclfications and the instructions of the engineer are carried out, but their presence is in no way to be presumed to release In an(y degree the responsibility of the contractor or his obligations. All materials will be subject to rigid inspection, and any that 338 Imve been condemned must be removetl from the site of the work iuimediately. No masonry will be allowed to be laid In freezing weatlier except as directed by the engineer. The rolling stock shall consist of:— Passenger locomotive or locomotives. Freight locomotive or locomotives. Pulman sleeping car or cars. I'arlor car or cai-s. Second class cars. Composite cars. Postal cars. Box cars. Baggage cars. Platform cars. Hopper cars. Gattle cars. Snow plows. Hand cars. Such as tlie engineer may, from time to time, order, but not later tlian months before the completion of the contract. 'J'urntiibles to be erected when retiulred of a class and character 390 approved by the engineer. First class stations must have freight houses, coal sheds, wood 391 slieds an