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I 1 2 3 4 5 6 tfJwfaUU ■MMMMPMln a IX. A^--^-^ . . .J.^jfe^J r.f^ NmssM, ALGOMA, TEMISCAMINQ, lumY mvER. ■# 0. \- Fourth I^Htion. 1897. PnrptMrad •ndwr Isvtruofetona team ^;| mmmmfim'mim^^m » ' !,':,,■ ^ .- ^■■■<««._-i-.'- -I-'"'- J '-'^■^" in East( TO <»•* cf" M, ipicei ° //^ ^v E Uadsr free QnmU . PLUMMEK ST. JOSEPH IS KORAH PARKE PRINCE lor Sale at 20 eU. COFFIN GALBRAITH.. HAUGHTON . JOHNSON.... LEFROY ROSE TARBUTT.... BRIGHT DAY. GLADSTONE KIRKWOOD.. PARKINSON.. PATTON THOMPSON.. WELLS VICTORIA . . . . HALLAM SALTER. MAY t SHEDDEN.... lor Sale at BO eti BALFOUR.... DOWLING..., RAYSIDE For Sale at $2.00 BALDWIN ..., SOUTH HALF FOSTER SOUTH HALF MERRITT.... Under Free Orant ATWOOD..... BLUE. CURRAN DILKE MORLEY NFLLES PATULLO.... ROSEBERY.... SHENSTON.. TAIT WORTH INGT AYLSWORTH BARWICK... CARPENTER. CROZIER,." DEVLIN DOBIE LASH RODDICK..., WOODYATT. -a^s^s^MAP OF Eastern Algoma and Northern Nipissing TOWNSHIPS OPEII FOR SETUEMENT IN NOBTUERH OISTRICTS OF OHTtRIO L. Nichols, Crown Land Agent, ThtMaUm. EASTERN ALQOMA. UadMT free QranU Aok PLUMMEK W. L. Nichols, Crawn Leud Agent, Theuidon. ST. JOSEPH ISLAND Gia HAMILTON, » u Richwd's Landing. KORAH W. TURMBK, It H Sault Ste. Mane. PARKE.. II M n •• PRINCE II tt n n For Bale at 20 eU. na Aare. COFFIN W. GALBRAITH HAUGHTON JOHNSON LEFROY ROSE TARBUTT BRIGHT DAY. GLADSTONE KIRKWOOD PARKINSON PATTON THOMPSON WELLS VICTORIA D. G. HALLAM SALTER. MAY ' SHEDDEN for Sale at BO oti. an Acre. BALFOUR J. D. COCMUWI, Crown Land Agent, Sturgeon FalU. DOWLING II II II II II II II II II II II II II H H n H n H H 11 H n n II n II II II •I n n II n n II II n II n n II n n H H H H II II II II McDonald, Crown Land Agent, Maaiey Station. II II II II H « II in II H ' H II Jy II n II RAYSIDE.. T. J, Ryam, Sndbnry. For Bale at $2.00 an Acre, under Bailways Aid Aot D. G. McDonald, Crown Land Agent, Masaty Sution. BALDWIN SOUTH HALF OF NAIRN FOSTER SOUTH HALF OF LORNE MERRITT RAINY Under Free Oranti Aot. RIVER DISTRICT. ATWOOD. R. J. r. Maksh, Crown Land Agent, Rainy River P.O. BLUE. II II " " CURRAN II II II " DILKE II I" » " MORLEY II II " " NELLES II " " •< PATULLO II II " " ROSEBERY ii " " " SHENSTON II II '• " TAIT II " " " WORTHINGTON ii '• . '• „, '• AYLSWORTH Wii. Stkphimson, Crown Land Agent, Big Forki. BARWICK II 'I " " CARPENTER. . ii ii '» " CROZIER II II " " DEVLIN •• M H H DOBIE N II " " LASH II M " '• RODDICK . II •• " •• WOODYATT n mum WABIQOON, RAINY RIVER DISTRICT. For Bale at SO eti. an Acre. VAN HORNE A. E. ANNIS, Crown Land Agent, Dryden. WAINWRIGHT .. ii ii ii ETON II II II II RUGBY I II II » NORTHERN NIPIS8INQ. Under Free Granti Aet. CHISHOLM J. S. SCARLBTT, Crown Land Agent, Fowasian. BONFIELD B. J. GiLUOAN, ii n MatUwa. CALVIN II II II M FERRIS II II II II MATTAWAN ii n ii ii PAPINEAU II II II II Jv Bale at 60 Ota. an Acre. CALDWELL J. D. CoCKBURN, Crown Land Agent, Sturgeon Falls. SPRINGER M >i fi u McKIM II II M 11 For Bale at $3.00 an Acre, under Bailwaja Aid Aot WIDDIFIELD J. D. Cockburn, Crown Land Agent, Stuigeou Falli. TEMiSCAMINa For Bale at 60 ota. an Aore. BUCKS , John Arhstrono, Crown Land Agent, Liskeard. CASEY .'.M... II II M II DYMOND II II II II HARIIIS II II II II HUDSON 11 II 11 II PARRY SOUND DISTRICT. Under Free Qranta Aot HARDY J. S. SCARLiTT, Crown Land Agent, Powassan. HIMSWORTH ,1 M II .1 NIPISSING II II .1 II LAURIER II II 11 II PATTERSON u ii >i h Department of Crown Landsy Toronto, May, i8g7\ aiS COTASINO hern Nipissing DISTRICTS OF ONTMIO 200N, RAINY RIVER DISTRICT. an Acre. 1 A. E. Amnis, Crown Land II ti 1) )i II M Agent, Drydea II II II II II N iRTHERN NIPI8SINQ. ▲ot S. Scarlett, Crown Land Agent, Powassan. , J. GiLUOAN, II II Matuwa. an Acre. J. D. COCKBURM, Crown Land Agent, Sturgecn Falls. Acre, under Bailwaya Aid Act J. D. COCKBURN, Crown Land Agent, Sturgeon Falls. TEMISCAMINa an Acre. JOBN Armstrong, Crown Land Agent, LiskeanL II II M II II II II II II II II II II II n II PARRY SOUND DISTRICT. Act. J. S. SCARijrrr, Crown Land Agent, Powassan. •• tl II II ll II II II II II II II II II II II Department of Crown Lands, Toronto, May, iSgy, E«sy BLAI SHARF 4 \-, BISCOTA SING ^H J--* ^ m ^y nt^ •»' Sca'e 8 Miles to ;n Inch. IIICOTA SIM a «k-' it"' • V* H C7 R o H ' -. ■> TA S I H U PAAOO The Capp, Chtk Co. LitfiTorantv. I >^ tor- -■ NORTHERN DISTRICTS OF ONTARIO CANADA. NIPISSINQ ALQOMA TEMISCAiVlINO WABIQOON and RAINY RIVER V 'i^'- THEIR Climate, Soil, Products; Agricultural, Timber and Mineral Resources and Capabilities, WITH INFORMATION AS TO HOW TO ACQUIRE LANDS. Prepared under InstructlonB from HON. J. M OIBHON. COMMISSIONBH OF CKOWN LANDS POR ONTAEUO FOURTH EDITION (WITH MAPS). TORONTO, CANADA: WARWICK BRO'S A RDTTER, Prikikm, Ao.. Ac., 68 and 70 Fbowt St. Wwr. 1897. -rsr ■ These pages, while applicable in great measure to the whole of the Tree Grant Territory, are intended to have special reference to that part or the Al- goma District between Sault Ste Marie and Sudbury, to the part of Nipissing District bordering on the Canadian Pacific Railway, to the Temiscaming Set- tlement, and to the Rainy River District, including the Wabigoon Settlement on the C, P. R. in connection with the Government Pioneer Farm ; all of which Districts are now easily accessible by railway or steamboat. Part I. lEastetn Hlgoma anb Bortb Iftipiesing. if the Free oi the Al- f Nipissing aming Set- Settlement ill of which INTRODUCTION. It is the object of this pamphlet to render better known the capabilities of those parts of our undeveloped lands which for brevity's sake we are accustomed to call our Northern Districts, — namely, Eastei-n Algoma, North Nipissinw. Tem- iscamingand the Rainy River country. The statements hereafter macV^ are drawn princi])ally from official sources, or other accurate information, and in most cases the authority is cited. Great pains have been tnken 'n order that an entirely trustworthy account of the country may be given. And from the testimony adduced and the arguments legitimately based thertjn, the reader can scarcely, avoid arriving at the following conclusions : 1. That Northern Ontario is the best Held now open for settlement by per- sons of small capital willing and able to work for themselves. 2. That the abundance of well paid employment outside of agriculture renders it easy for a settler to establish himself by his own labor on his own land. Not only are there good wages to be earned in the winter in the lumber and mining camps and elsewhere, but the settler has abundant opportunity to realize ready money all the year round by working on his own account at such industries as Cutting and haiding pulpwood and curdwood. Railway ties, posts and telegra])h poles, Tanbark. Getting out pine logs under contract for lumbermen. Working on Government roads, bridges, etc. 3. That indepe \dence can be achieved there by a poor man sooner than the »ame position can be attained elsewhere. 4. That whether for dairying, stock rai.sing or general agriculture the country presents a combination of advantages that are presented in few localities. 5. That there is as great a range and variety ot products there as anywhere. 6. That in yield per acre of the principal crops the Northern Ontario land.s actually excel the most fertile states of the American Union. 7. That the advantages of having clieap fuel and building material more than counterbalance the disadvantage of having to clear the land. 8. That the country is near to the great markets of the world and has water communications unrivalled, and railway advantages such as no other country •rer possessed in its early days. 9. That the climale is temperate when compared with that of many thickly mhabited and prosperous parts of the new and old world. 10. That there is an entire absence of fever and ague, there is no mal&rJal disease whatever, and in fact there is no healthier country under the sun. 11. Tliat our Northern Districts are capable of maintaining hundreds of thousands of people in agriculture, mining, manufacturing and general industries. 12. That already a surprising development has taken place. 13. And that our Northern Districts possess all the advantages and quali- ties necessary to render them attractive to, and suit them for the home of the most progressive races, namely : Cheapness of land. Fertility of soil. First-class live stock and dairy advantages Ability to produce all the crops of the temperate i^ooe. Incalculable forest wealth. Variety of industries. Winter employment. Cood wages for labor. Immense mineral resources. Cheap building material. Fuel for the cutting. Fruit for the picking. Fine fisheries. Game plentiful. Great range of products. Water communication. Good railway accommodation. Religious and educational advantages. A healthy country. Pure and plentiful water. Regular rainfall. Temperateness of climate. Local markets. Nearness to foreign markets. Many causes are combining to direct renewed attention to the forest lands of Northern Ontario as a field for settlement. Chief among these causes are the following : The merits of the lands themselves as proved by the experience of those who have ?;sttled upon them. The almost complete absorption of the homestead lands of the United States There is now no agricultural land to be had in the United States, except on pay- ment oi all it is worth, or more. There are now no large tracts of fertile land anywhere in that country which nave not fallen into the possession of railroads, alien land owners, land com- panies and syndicates or other corporations who hold it for .speculative purposes my thickly 10 inal&rial mn. mdreds of industries. ind quali- •me of the The dealings of purchasers with these companies and corporations have been extremely unsatisfactory to the purchasers. Many thousands of their purchasers have failed in their attempts to pay oflf mortgages given as part payment for their farms and have lost r-11 their substance as well as the most valuable part of their live.s. P^xperience has shown there is a limit to the distance from the .seaboard at whi^h exportable crops, or crops whose price is settled in competition with foreign products, can be proHtably raised — and this limit has been passed. A very large proportion of the western plains of the Unitetl States, which heretofore have been supposed to possess inexhaustible fertility are found by experience to be so cursed with drouth as to render agriculture a precarious and unattractive calling. Contemporaneously with the discovery of these facts, there has occurred, from cause or causes which are as yet somewhat obscure, u world-wide fall in the prices of agricultural produce, of itself .sufficient seriously to enibarrass all pro- ducers whose farms lie beyond the limit from whidi their crops can be ciieaply transported to the places of consumption. And most important of all it is clear that there has set in a leaction from that rush to the cities which has characterized the last fifteen yeai-s. It now looks probable that many of the cities on the continent will have difficulty in maintaining their own populations, and will not for some time to come be able to absorb the surplus population produced by the country districts, to say nothing of the toreiun immigration. ' lands of are the lose who id States. on pay- •y which ttd com- 'urposes. From the above, among many other causes, it has come to pass tlpit iliou.sands of industrious., persevering and intelligent men have had it borne in upon them that there is no longer any hope in their present situation. Many have arrived at the conclusion that to go upon the land is the only resource that promises them at once safe present employment for their little .savings and the prospect of an independent subsistence for the future. The land being the only visible re.source of many thousands of unemployed artisans, .struggling traders and starving laborers, and also for the immense yearly output of thrift}' farm hamls and farmers' sons who cannt)t possibly find employ- ment in the older .settled districts, the question ai'ises, Where is the land to be found ? It mu .t be cheap land for such persons as have been mentioned po.ssesa little or no capital. It must be near at hand, easily and cheaply accessible, healthy and temperate. It must be a district in which work is to be haalth, strong arms and a resolute heart can go with only a rudimentary knowledge of agriculture, and from which, as can be seen from examples around him, not only a mere living but a competence can be wrested ; land which is not so distant from market that the crops grown on it are valueless to the grower ; and in a district possessing all the necessaries and comforts of civilization. Agricultural Capabilities of Algoma and Nipissing Districts. At our own doors in the districts of Algoma and Nipissing we have a vast tract of land which possesses all the (jualities and advantages just described as necessary. Not only do the lands of Algoma and Nipissing comprise millions of acres in extent, but they are easy of access, cheap, and a very large proportion of them are of remarkable fertility As will be sh'jwn hereafter and proved by the official records of actual achievements, the lands in these districts will yield in abundance almost every article of agricultural pioduce proper to the temperate zone. The crops of cereals and grasses will be jiroved actually to exceed the yields of the most favored sections of the United States, and even the average of our own fertile Province. The capabilitie.s of the districts for live stock and dairy produce will be shown to be very great. As to length and severity of the winters it will be proved that Northern Ontario has nothing at all to he afraid of in compari.son with other sections sup- posed to be more favored by natui-e. The winter.« in Algoma and Nipissing are infinitely more pieasant and less trying than the winters in the Western States, even so far south as the States of Illinois, Missouri and Kan.sas ; and Algoma and Nipissing are paradise itself compared with the Dakotasand Minnesota. The parts of Algoma and Nii)issiMg of which this is written are in fact further south than a large part of the states last named. Latitude for latitude the (Canadian climate is more temperate than the American. In the excitement that has attended the ab.sorption of the good land of the Western States, the railroad-lmilding and the rush to the cities, this northern land of ours has been .somewhat overlooked -but by no meins entirely so, for many thousands of industrious settlers have gone in there during the last few years, notwithstanding the apparently greater attractions ofi'erod elsewhere. It is now seen and realizeil tliat for solid sterling merit the bushlands of Northern and Western (Jntario ofier inducements which if not as great as those offered by the far-famed western ]H!i)insula of our own Province, are actually greater than those olferotl by any other now unoccupied liody of land, when all things are taken uito account. It i.s the object of this work to show that not only have Algoma and Nipiss- ing all the incidintal advantages nece.s.'-ary for the .satisfaction of every reason- able want of the settler, but that they furnish actually the best field now open on I open on cleared and had for the on which a with only a seen from be wrested ; re valueless comforts of iricts. ave a vast escribed as millions of loportion of )ved by the ill yield iu 3 temperate exceed the average of k and dairy ,t Northern ctious sup- pissing are :ern States, Llgouia and iota. The rthcr south .' (Canadian land of the is northern rely so, for le last few here. It is jrthern and red by the than those taken into iud Nipiss- ery reason- ow open on I! which an industrious man can start with practically nothing, and, securing a com- fortable living from the first, can achieve in a few years a position beyond com- parison more stable and agreeable than anything which lies in front of the aver- age watre worker. It is not claimed this desirable position of independence can be attained with- out continunus hiinl work, privation and self denial. New settlers everywhere have to sutier hardships and to perform labors which weaklings should not attempt. The settled part of this Province has only been wrested from the forest at the cost of hardshijis almost inconceivable to us who benefit by the labors of the earlv piouHers. In tbe.se days the laboi- of chopping out a bush farm, though severe, is child's play as (;oin|)ai-ed with tiiat which the former generation had to undergo. In the old times it was not uncommon for .settlers to have to carry in on their backs for .several days' journey their furniture, flour and general supplies. In the districts of which these pages treat, a settler would have to try very hard in order to get more than a few miles from a base of supplies aud usually the greater part of his trans{)()rtation can be done by water. The old pioneeis had freiettlers and others since 1883-4 the enormous nu uber of 7,8(37,871 ti<'s, .some idea may be formed as to the amount of money that has gone into the bash to pay for labor, etc. Over a million of these ties were liought from settlers, and were therefore free from government dues. The po.ssibilities in front of the Algoma .settler in pr.Mhicing supplies for miners appear to be unlimited. Good authorities say that there i.^no other part of the w-)rld in which rich mineral lands and tracts of rich agricultural land are 80 mixed up together as they are in Algoma, To set on loot ami develop a gigantic mining industry in Algoma, nothing is wanted but a market lor the product— which market will some day be opejied up either rapi('!y by tlie admission of our mineral products to the United States, or more slowly by the expansion of our own industries. Ex Th from a Lakes, i principi Th to the I the Ten Ali than al: New Y( than a '. It and mo their m water c that su Wester: It and for wood-ci and fre the yea a degre ■ of man ^ little sa timber CO othei Nc rapid fl on the are not soil. "'-if M some 6( 1 hare, bi J tions. m underes S fact the (is much portage: [rocks h; Gci ition of < liisually iral purposes, upon them — Found having )le lots. For (h is looked many fertile ij^jea of rock hern Ontario hill or bunh and building es instead of Y the broken id the rivers, sh him with ire depleted ; lint serve to appeared in an abundant ire. IS over those ^ery rapidly, id, conjoined ) furnish the his products hed at Sault ivailable by narket for a iw from, the lirectly and d telegraph I it is stated .since 1883-4 d as to the itc. Over a e frer^ from supplies for I) other part rai land are p a gigantic ( product — ssioi' of our sion of our Extent and Characteristics of Algoma and Nipissing Districts. The name Algoma is commonly applied to all that large territory stretching from a little west of Sudbury to the Lake of the Woods, and from the Great Lakes, including the Manitoulin islands, etc., to the Albany river, one of the principal affluents of Hudson's Bay. The Nipissing District bounds Algoma on the east, and e.xtends northward to the limits of the Province on Hudson's Bay and the Albany river. It includes the Temi.scaming settlement, hereafter described. Algoma and Mpissing together form a territory of immense size. It is larger than almost any of the United States, larger than the New England States with New York added ; larger than any European country except Ru.ssia, and larger than a half dozen of the smaller European states put together. It is a region of considerable diversity of climate, of bountiful summer rains and moderate summer heat. The thousands of lakes are giving up constantly of their moisture to the air. The alternation of temperature over the land and the water cause frequent condensation and precipitation, and thus such a calamity as that summer drouth which in the summer of 1894 reduced the crops of the Western States by many millions of bushels is unknown. It exhibits an endless variety of hill and dale, rapid and cascade, lake, river and forest. Its lakes and rivers furnish unrivalled waterways. Its numerous wood-crowned rocky ridges furnish shelter for the fertile valleys they enclose, and free pasturage for the cattle that roam therein lor nearly seven months of the year. The lower lands are almost always cultivable, and frequently ])ossess a degree of richness that surprises the beholder. The soil is of all va^eties ; clays of many kinds, clay loam, sandy loam, rich black vegetable mould, and not a little sand that is too light for agricultural purposes, though supporting a heavy timber growth, and presumably afla[)te(l excellently for bush pastures subsidiary CO other richev land. No country could be better drained. The irregular surface provides for a rapid flow of the water, whicli soon hnds its way into the rivers and lakes lying on the lower levels. Thus, though tlie rains are frecpient and bountiful, the crops are not subject to be drowned, or the land soured by stagnant water lying in the soil. I General Aspect of the Country. The country is best described as an undulating plateau or table land elevated ■-ome 600 to 1,000 feet above sea level. Ridges of rock, sometimes burned offaiid f hare, but ol'tener clothed with a vigorous forest growth, traverse it in some sec- ■J tions. Naturally these ridges till the eye and the beholder is apt at first to a underestimate the extent of the good laud lying between them. As a matter ot J fact the proportion of the country which consists of bare or scantily coxered rock [is much smaller than is generally supposetl. Observations niatle at the river jportages are nece.ssarily misleading as tliese always occur where some ridge of rocks has altered the level of the country. i= GcnLTail\ , ou the establishiiieiit of a settlement it turns out that the propor- Jtion of cultivable land is lai'ger than was at first supposed. The best land will llisuall}' be found in the valleys between the ridges. Fiecjuently these valleys are I 10 of large extent curving round the ridges, separating and reuniting, forming good arable tracts of thousands of acres in extent, while the rocky land furnishes bush range for cattle and a base of supplies for building, fencing and fuel purposes. The constant succession of hill and vale ai.d the sparkle of the water illuminating its own setting of many shaded green, viewed under a sky of Italian blue tlecked here and there with the most wonderful Heecy clouds and lit up by a sun whose rays fall luiimpeded through the singularly clear air, form a vision of entrancing loveliness. It is the world-famed scenery of the Miiskoka lakes produced over and over again but ever with new and surprising variation. Water Everywhere. No country could be more abundantly blessed than Algoma and N'ipissiugin this respect. The water of the rivers and lakes is of crystal purity and almost uniformly soft. Frequently it is of a browidsh tint, the conse(juence of its action as an almost perfect solvent, aided perhaps by the |)re.sence of a little 'mm. on the bark and roots of fallen trees. The coloration does not affect the pleasantness of the taste nor the perfection of the watei' for drinking purposes. Its .softness ren- ders it most valuable to all who are atlected with rheumatic or kidney troubles. As many of the thousanlishment of enterprises of the largest kind. But particularly where this district will shine will be in those gilt-edged articles of dairy produce which are not necessarily made on a large scale. Given, a country where ndasmatic exhalations are unknown ; where the water is abundant, pure, free from mineral contamination and of unvarying quality the year round ; where the grasses are juicy, sweet and fragrant and the forests full of aromatic leaves and herbs ; where the cattle are as a rule exempt from all ailments except those consequent upon accidents occurring in the bush and upon such troubles as may be brought on by careless exposure, or its opposite, too little ventilation ; where feeding is nee(^ssarv not for a longer but for a shorter period than at the front ; wh.ere ice can be had for hauling and stored in build- ings costing practically nothing ; where transportation to market is easy and cheap ; there is no reason why our northern liutter and cheese should not soon establish for themselves a reputation that would enable their makers practically to dictate their own prices. As a Stock Country. The prime recpiisites for profitable stock raising are : Cheap land, good watei, cheap transportation, cheap building material, cheap food, a healthy country and a mild climate. Algoma and Nipissing possess all these to a remarkable degree. The land can be had for free grants ; also for settlement duties and in some cases for twenty cents an acre and in others 50 cents an acre. The excellence and abundance of the water and the cheapness of building material have been spoken of elsewhere. As to transportation there is no reason why the resident of Algoma and Nipissing should pay appreciably more than is charged to the farmer 200 miles west of Toronto. In fact the probability is that from the frequency of the water routes, the northern fartner will eventually get his stuff to market cheaper than his western competitor will. Cattle. The breed of cattle best suited for the settler in his early days is the Devon, which is hardy, light, active, early to matui'e, furnisln's an excellent article of beef, and is tractable and intelligent. The last nanu'd qualities are important, in- asmuch as the settler being often pour is compelled to rely^ much on the labor of working oxen, and Devons make the best. Well trained oxen are easily and cheai)ly bought tluoiighoub the district. Not only do many of the .settlers make a business of breading and training them, but there are constantly yokes of oxen for sale by settlers who having become lich enough to purchase horses, have ceased to rely upon tl:.' slower and cheaper animals. In these days, however, horseflesh is phenomenally cheap — cheaper in some places pound for pound than oxen ; a condition which is quite unnatural and cannot last. The prol>ability is that oxen will continue to be u,sed in Northern Ontario just as they still are used in New England, and that therefore the Devon will continue to be a most desirable breed. Where dairying is the specialty, the Ayrshires are doubtless more profitable, and in particularly rich spots the 12 ShorthornH, Herefor.ls and Jerseys can be ma Fort Laird 862 " " " P'ort Dun vegan 664 " •• " « Edmonton 488 " " . •■ « Cumberland House. .. . 612 " " ' " « Ifi i betwt'(!ii the J found a lable hn progreHnive t ht'low prove JCt'HHfullj'HOtno JiiiH, Nipiasing oxplortTH it is tios here inen- CtM. >, eto. eto. r vejfetables. , unions, lettuce. , tinions, lettuee. It will ^'xvy i\w ti,h{)\t' H|L,nin'H a ^jrt'iit deal iiio'i' ^i^niticanci^ when it is poiii»c(l lout that Saiilt Sir Miiric is only Kl'i niih-s ni>rth from tlif latitude of Toronto. I As far HH latitude is concerned, Alj^onui iind Nipissinj; districts and the Teni- iHC'indfij,' settlement are in that helt of the world which has ever heen the most famous for the production of ifrasses, vei^-etahles, fruits, cereals and -men. J It is trut! that in Western Kurope the diH'erent crops can he succe^ssfully I cultivated two or three lOOths of Russia. el, won pru« »t bition. corn, |>otato«8, Forest Productions. tatnes have been ive selfJom failed. other (train, and 3wn i-ucceaefuUy. tnd corn, with all tiere. /. as the aver- se geographi- tuated at the e. Marie. K I) A dense forest growth covers the whole of the land in the.se districts. The general character of it is — in the low-lying parts, cedar, black and white spruce, tamarac, alder ; in the drier parts of the valleys and wherever there is depth enoughof soil, a mixed growth of evergreen conifene and deciduous trees. Among them are white and red pine, black and white spruce, hemlock, red and white oak, maple of several species, white, yellow and black birch, ash, basswood, elm, beech, poplar, as|)en, etc. The ridges are usually crowned with a majestic growth of pines, but where this has been interfered with by tire or other cause, it has been usualh' succeeded l»y poplars and white birch. The cutting and bringing to market of these woods employs armies of men. The work is rough and laborious but well paid. Great activity is now being manifested in the lumbering districts and the prospects for employment never looked brighter th-Mi they do now. Pine and Other Timber on Free Oranta The pine is not sold to the free grant settler, but the settler has the privilege of rutting pine in the course of clearing, also for building purposes and fencing upon his lot. If he sells any of the pine cut in the coiinse of clearing, he mu.st pav tindier dues upon it. On the issue of the patent, the title to the pine remains in the Crown, but the patentee is entitled to receive one-third of the tinvber dues paid by the licensee on pine cut on the patentee's lot after the 30th of April next following the issue of the patent. u,- 16 Pine and Other Timber on Lands Sold. The purcliaser-s of laud under the twenty cents an acre and Hfty cents an acre rej,Milations take the land subject to any timber license covering the land at the time of sale o!' uranted within three years from the date of such sale But tlie purchaser may cut pine for building, fencinjr and fuel, and may dispo.se of pii.e required to be removed in clearing, but on such pine sold he nm.st pay timber dues. Tlie pine trees remaining,' on the land at the time the i^atent i.ssues "will pa.3.s to the patentee. ^ On the SOth of April next following the sale of any lot, the right of the timber licen-see to cut any timber other than pine on the settler's lot ceases. New Forest Industries. ' Within the last few years there has been a great change, immensely advan- tageous to the settler, in the value of the woods other than pine. For instance the pulp wood trade is asstmiing great proportions. Fo- this purpose, spruce and poplar, which may be said to be the prevailing kinds in the.se districts and of 5vhich the quantity standing i.s simply unimaginable, have nowja ready market and Che settler can find steady work in cutting and hauling these woods to the sides of the rail -vays or the water's edge where a good price is paid for them It i.s evident, too, that the manufacture of the wood into pulp will soon become a large industry in Algoma and Nipissing, where the grinding, crushin.r or other treatment can be accomplished cheaply by water power, and the carrm.re ot the product and the raw material effected by the same means. " Auother industry that has expanded rapidlv in the last few years is the getting out of hardwood. The use of hardwood for flooring and Hnishing mav be said to be ju.st becoming general. The consumpti^ . has increased enormously of late, and as is often the case when production takes place on a lar a penalty of .*5() and costs or three months' im- prisonment. The Crown Land agents, fore.sit agents, free grant agents and bush- rangers are to prosecute in every case of infringment of the Ac"t that comas to ttieir knowledge. 19 grained and is \y ornainontal ut for heavy ;ed grains are Isome cabinet vn into syrup for any that 1 the forest it prefers low, 1 oak and less ing or wharf- far north. It ghtfeet. The Its wood is is much used Itices. Rock ■< heavy and leels, agricui- rable quanti- It possesses refrigerators, kers, and for rn trees that g and easily ibinet work, ny place not lace in their will be folly [etfcing lid of I future the ods between nd, cooking, tire between lie care that r any other the smallest > of all loose ise due care bted match, ii-)h the fire ive engines above pro- tnonths' im- s and bush- at comas to County councils may pass by-laws that whenever the woods are on fire in any township, the fire-guardians, fence-viewers, overseers of highways or path- masters appointed by the township councils may call out as many of the persons liable to perform statute labor as are necessary to assist in quelling the fire. Every day's work done in attempting to quell fire shall count as one day of next season's road work. Where there are no county councils, the township council may pass the necessary by-law. Where persons not liable to statute labor are called out, the council mpv dii-ect that the}- shall be paid out of the municipal funds. Any person liable to perform statute labor who is called out to quell a fire and does not obey is liable to a fine of twenty dollars and costs, or to im- prisonment for twenty-one ilays. Geology and Mineralogy. A very large part of the Algoma and Nipissing Districts is of the ancient formation known by the name of Upper ami Lower Laurentian. Dr. Robert Bell, of the Geological Survey of Canada, (le.scribes the Lower Laurentian rocks ascon- .sisting almost entirely of primitive or fundamental gneiss, which is supposed by many geologists to have been originally of an igneous nature, but to have under- gone alteration which has produced its more or less foliated character. The Upper Laurentian appears tr consist, to some extent at least, of sedimentary strata that have been changed by pressure and heat and probably electricity acting slowly or through a very long time, and causing them to become to a greater or less degree crystalline in structure. The Lower Laurentian rocks consist nf gray and red gneiss of many .shades of color, usually much distorted. These rock.^ are almost destitute of valuable minerals. The Upper Laurentian comprises a greater variety of rocks and minerals. It possesses more regularity in its strata and in- cludes great banded masses of crystalline limestones, vitreous quartzites, mica and hornblende schfets massive pyroxene, and both massive and foliated labradorite rocks. Considerable areas of granite and syenite occur in the formation. Up- wards of sixty diflerent minerals have been found in the Upper Laurentian, among them graphite, apatite, mica, serpentine and limestone marbles, limestones, fels- par, porphyry and other ornamental stone, pyrites, sulphates of barium and strontium, asbestos, crysotile, building stones, and iron and other ores. The Lower Laurentian gneisses are the oldest rocks known. Their thickness, says Dr. Bell, must be enormous, and there is no means of making even a guess at it. The thickness of the Upper Laurentian rocks is roughly estimated in the Ottawa Valley at from 50,000 to 100,000 feet, or nearly twenty miles. A little west of Lake Nipissing the Huronian, a more recent formation, comes in and continues for about a hundred miles west. The dividing line between the two formaticms runs northeastward from the head of Shibaonaning or Killarney bay. Northeastwardly the Huronian formation widens out till it reaches Lake Temiscaming and it occupies the whole country thence westward to the head waters of the Montreal river. Northeastward it proceeds for an unknown dis- tance into the Province of Quebec. This is the largest known of the Huronian areas ; but the same foi-mation is found in the more northerly and northwesterly portions of the Province, fie- ({uently in extensive areas, and wheiever it occurs is de.serviiig of the careful attention of the mining prospector, for its rocks comprise the principal mineral wealth of Canada. The whole of the Huronian rocks are more or less, but not 20 uniformly, metalliferous. Some deposits of copper, silver, gold and nickel of im- mense value have been found and are no^ being worked. From discoveries which have been made at various points it appears probable that a belt of nickeli- terous copper pyrites extends from the shore of Lake Huron northeastward through the hudbury district and onward for several hundred miles The Sud- bury mines now form one of the two great sources of the world's nickel supply the other l.eing the island of New Caledonia. This region will no doubt long continue to be one of the greatest copper and nickel pioducing countries in the world Copper is found iii considerable quantities along the Sault line of the Canadian Pacific around Sudbury, in the townships of Drury. Denison, Graham Waters, Snider, McKim and Blezard, on the west side of Wahnapitae lake near the iiorth end of Lady Evelyn lake, at Point Mamainse and Michipicoten island in lake Superior, on Montreal river, on Blanche river, near Abbitibbe lake and as tar as the north end of Lake Mistassini in Quebec. Rich finds of gold have been made in this district, in Denison— the Vermilion name— in adjacent townships southwest of Sudbury, also on the south and east shores ot Lake Wahnapitae, in the townships of Kathbun, Scadding, Kelly and J-zft VIS. Silver-bearing ga'ena has been found at Garden river, at the Sudbury mines also in the township of Creighton and at Lady Evelyn lake which lies between the Montreal river and Temagami lake. Tion, magnetic and hematite, occurs in very large quantities in many places In the townships adjacent to Bruce mines, on the Mattawin and Atik-okw rivers on Gun-fimt lake and the lower reaches of the Seine river are larea deposits of iron, mostly of good quality and capable of furnishing sufficient oSe to supply the wants of the Province for centuries to come. Zinc, antimony, arsenic, tellurium, platinum, tin. molybdenum, bismuth and cobalt have also been found. Of non-metallic minerals, in which the Huronian formation is rich the fol- lowing occur mthis district: fine granites for buildings, monulents aAd orna- mental purposes, sandstones, quartzites, flagstones, roofing slates, serpentine and dolomitic marbles, jasper, mica, asbestos, graphite, actinolite, barytes, etc. The exploration for minerals is as yet in its infancy. Vast tracts of the country have only been seen from the canoe routes or the surveyors' lines What has been discovered is sufficient to give the brightest hope that this dis- trict wiJ] become one of the greatest mineral producers in the world. The land north of Lake Temiscaming is geologically of the same character as southern Ontario, the rock being of the Niagara limestone formation with sandy beds and coarse or boulder conglomerates at its base. Lithographic stone IS found near the head of the lake; several islands adjacent consist ot' stratified limestone, and flagstones of extraordinary size and quality are obtainable on the east side of the lake about seven miles above the Galere. Rooting slates are found about hve miles up the Montreal river. The limestone formation extends from the islands just mentioned to a great distance northward. It is overlaid bv rich level, alluvial land. An area of many thousands of acres, the equal of anv in the province as respects fertility, is there to he found. 21 1 nickel of im- )m discoveries Jelfc of nickeli- norfch eastward es. The Sud- nickel supply, no doubt long untries in the lilt line of the lison, Graham, itae lake, near picoten island ibbe lake, and the Vermilion outh and east ng, Kelly and udbury mines 1 lies between I many place.8 nd Atik-okw ver are large sufficient one bismuth and rich, the fol- nts and orna- srpentine and !s, etc. tracts of the veyors' lines, bhat this dis- ime character rmation with graphic stone t of stratified inablo on the ng slates are ation extends is overlaid by equal of any Elevation of the Lakes and Country. I Lake Ontario 235 ft. above the sea. ILake Huron 578 [Lake Superior 586 Lake Temiscaming 612 " " Ottawa river at junction of the Mattawa 519 " " Upper Trout lake, source of the Mattawa river 690 " " Height of land between Lake Nipissing and Ottawa. .714ft. 5 in. above the sea. Lake Abbitibbe 857 ft. above the sea. Elevation of Points along the Northern and Paolflo Junction Elailways and North-ward. The following figures are taken from actual levels made by Mr. J. C. Bailey, Chief Engineer of the Northern and Pacific Junction Railway and the Toronto and James Bay Railway : Miles from Feet above Oravenhurst. Lake Ontario. Platform of station at Oravenhnrst .... 572.0 Lake Muskoka 500.4 Caswell's lake 29 758.0 Vernon river at Huntsville 35 692.0 Opposite village of Cyprus 45 889.0 At village of Em.sdale 51 798.0 Magnetewan river near Burk's falls 54 724.0 Doe lake at Village of Katrine 55 723.0 Berridalo village 64 894.0 Stony lake, otf Sundridge 71 841.0 South River .station 77 902.0 Marsh lake 79^ 947.0 Highe.st point on the line is at 80 952 5 Beaver Creek 88 782.9 Powassan village 5'5^ 611.5 VVistawahsing river 104i 48:15 Callendar station, on tnick 107 426 5 Lake Nipi.ssing, op})o.site this .station, l«vel of" water 107 .S98 5 Crossing of ('. P. Ry. at La Vase Ill 434.5 At North Bay station ground of C. P. Rv. the elevation above Lake Ontario is " 420.0 Marten lake 38 1 miles from North Bay ()94.0 Temagami lake. 68^ miles from North Bay 721.7 The River Systems of Algoma and Nipissing. At a distance of about, on the average, 150 mile.s north of Lakes Huron and Nipissing occurs the " ilivide " or watershed which separates the streams that flow northward into Hudson's bay from, those which run. southward into the great lakes or into the Ottawa river, thence into the St. Lawrence. 22 Of the rivers nowing north, the Albany, Jig-a-wa, Moose, Missanibi, Abbitibbe etc., and ot the country through which they run, it is not the intention now to speak Suthce it to say that very little s known of the country except in the immediate neighborhood of the rivers and lakes. Of the rivers Howing south the principal one i.s the Ottawa, a magnificent Stream, the boimdary (south of the head of Lake Temiscaming) between Ontario and Quebec. Formerly Lake Temiscaining was considered the source of the Ottawa l)ut better explorations show that the lake receives several laiv^e .streams to one of which coming from the northeast under the various names of River des l^uin^e, Lie des Quinze, Lac Expans, etc., the source of the Ottawa must be ascribed. Lake Temiscaining receives, on the Ontpv-^ side, the Blanche river the Montreal river, each draining a cci J ' le area, also Wahbe's creek, Meta- betchouan, Opinicon and smaller creek.s . i .'earns without number and thus far without name. The large Lake Teinagami, said to contain 1,800 islands and to be with Its picturesque scenery and its deep clear crystal waters a very elysium for sportsmen, discharges both ways, into the Ottawa and into Lake Huron. The Mattawa river drains the district between Lake Nipissing and the Ottawa into which river it flows at Mattawa village, traversing or dr^ininff the ^TdS'd ^^^^^''' P'^P>"^^"- Calvin, Olrig, Phelps, Bonfield, Ferris, and Lake Nipi.ssirxg, a fine body of water of about forty miles long by eighteen wide receives the drainage of a large area which is poured into it from the north by the Sturgeon river. Veuve. Duchesnay. La Vase, etc., and on the south by the South river. The outlet of this lake is by a perfect maze of channels known as the Fre" ?h river. Next west of i.ake -NipLssing comes the Wahnapitae river fiowin/^ out of Wahnapitae lake and passing through the townships of Dryden and Dill araona others, crossing the C. V R. at Wahnapitae station and falling into the French river a short drstance from its month in Lake Huron. Then comes the Whitefish rive- which discharges into Lake Huron back of Cloche island and within a few miles of Little Current, the most northerly point of the Grand Manitoulin. The Whitefi.sh river consi.sts of a series of lon^ lakes connected by slu^rt and frequently rapid streams. . , ^^^l"''''*' considerable stream is the Spanish river. This is navigable to five- foot craft for thirty miles from its mouth. It traverses the townships of Albert Victoria, Salter, May, Hallam, Merritt, Foster, Nairn, Lome, Drury, Hyman Baldwm, Shakespeare, etc. In the township of Foster there unites with it the Veimilion river a fine broad deep stream rising in the height of land and flowing through Vermihon .ake, a long narrow sheet of water which takes its name from the beautilul autumnal coloring put on by the maple, .ak, birch, poplar, etc which line it throughout its course to the water's edge. _ The Serpent river, the mouth of which is in the township of Lewis flows river"" •a"^locked inlet of Lake Huron, about ten miles west of the Spanish About twenty miles further west is the Blind river forming the boundary of an Indian reserve and dir.ining the town.ships of Cobden, Scarfe. Patton, etc. .. IW ^'«?^''^««Sa river is a very important stream entering Lake Huron in an excellent harbor iormed by outlying islands. The river is at present, however navigable lor only four miles from its mouth. S3 ibi, Al)bitibbe, ention now to except in the a magnificent iween Ontario source of the large streams, ines of River awa must be lanche river, » creek, Meta- ber and thus i to be with elysium for aron. wing and the draining the , Ferris, and ■ by eighteen it from the on the south I of channels wing out of 1 Dill among the French uron back of rtherly point ;if long lakes gable to tive- ps of Albert, iry, Hyman, s with it the and flowing s name from poplar, etc. Lewis, flows the Spanish boundary of ton, etc. Huron in au nt, however, The next large river is the Thessalon, draining a chain of lakes and entering I Lake Huron at Thessalon Point. Garden river empties into the St. Mary's river a few miles east of Sault Ste. I Marie. It is a tine strean> of some three chains in width. Character of the People— Educational Facilities In comuHm with all the newly-settled parts of Canada, Algoma and Nipis- ■ing are being settled up with a quiet, orderly and distinctly religious population. Whereas on the otlier sifle of the line rowdies seem to gravitate naturally to the frontier settlements, with us there always has been in our remotest back- woods a God-fearing and law-abiding sentiment that has made life and property as safe as anywhere in the world, civilized or uncivilized. In Canada the border- ruffian is unknown. The older parts of the free grant districts are well supplied with churches and places of worship for all the principal Christian denominations. The newer sections are taken care of by very active home missionaries sent out by the different bodies. These worthy men travel great distances in the effort to reach the scattered settlers. It is not uncommon for one man to hold services on one Sunday in three diftereiit places ten or fifteen miles apart, the distance from place to place being travelled by canoe or road between services. As far as religious or educational advantages are concerned, no one need hesitate to take up his habitation in these new districts. The educational system of Ontario is known all over the world for its thoroughness and progressiveneas. At no point is it more completely adapted to its environment than in its appli- cation to the newer districts of the Province. No sooner has the settler gone in than the teacher follows him. As soon as a handful of children can be gathered together the school is opened. And such is the efficiency of our system that many of these same children, taught within the four bare wa'ls of a backwoods school, step out into life ec^ual at most and superior in many points to those who have had the benefit of tiaining at the larger centres. Our legislative chambers, our I pulpits, universities, banks, warehouses, and offices are full of men who.se entire * schooling was received in backwoods schools. When a municipality has been formed it is the duty of the township council to divide the township into school sections so formed that no part of a section shall be more than three miles in a direct line from the i^choolhouse. Township councils are required to provide at least $150 per annum for each school section by a.ssessment over the whole township. In unorganized townships, on the petition of five heads of families residing in a certain district, the Public School Inspector can set apart a school section not to exceed five miles in length or breadth. Any person whose house is more than three miles from the schoolhouse is exempt from school tax unless he sends children to the school. The trustees are elected for such districts and these make an assessment and levy taxes, out of which schoolhouses are erected and teachers paid. The Legislative Assembly annually makes a grant in aid of the cost of edu- cation, which grant is apportioned according to population, (providing that the amount payable to every rural school in the territorial districts shall be at least $100). The School Act of the Province provides that the money so apportioned, shall be paid on or before the first day of July in each year. 24 The Legislative Grant for the year 1896 in aid of schools was thus app )r- tioned as respects schools in the Free Grant Districts : Algoma District (fjrants to rural schools) $1 ] 250 00 Nipi««i"g " 4W'} 00 Little Current 1 1 8 00 Mattawa (rural school 860 ; Separate school $77 50) L'i7 50 N"''th Bay. ,f^.- „o Separate school 1 07 00 Sault Ste. Marie 1 89 00 Separate school .'iO 50 Gore Bay [] !...,! 157 oo Fort William .....".*. 1 1)9 00 Port Arthur 281 00 Rat Portage Separate school 7'^ 50 Rat Portage ■.■...■■■.'.■.■. ." [ 2LS 00 Jhess'"''" *>+ 00 Sudbury ^g q,, Sudbury Separate school 48 50 cj u ^" ^'"^ ^^P^*"*^ ♦^^ ♦^he Education Department, 1895, Mr. I). McCaicr Public School Inspector of Algoma District, states that 116 school seccions have been formed and 101 schools were open for the year. In these schools 110 teachers were employed. He states that in the rural sections alone S48,09(i were spent on education during the year. In the seven towns of the District $26 176 more were spent, making 369,272 spent in Algoma in a year on education,' of wiiich »*rf,910 went in paying teachers' salaries. Rev. Geo. Grant, Inspector )r Nipis,sing. r.'ports nineteen rural schools in operation twenty schoolhouses and thirty teacher.. Altogether there are now twenty-three public schools in the district, thirty-eight teachers and twenty- tour schoolhouses. ' J Partly Cleared Farms For bale. As in all new countries there are in Algoma and Nipissing many .settlers wh , prefer the rough work of pioneering before the more humdrum business of farm- ing. Ihese people .uake a practice of taking u|. land, clearing a few acres, put- ting up a small house and necessary buildings, then selling out t(, some newcomer and starting again in a new place. This is an arrangement mutually advaata- geous to ail parties. The one party necessarily acquires great expertness and bodily endurance as well as con.siderable judgment in the .selection of claims, while the other gets done for him, at a cheap rate con.pared with that at which he could do the work for himself, the very part of the work which bristles with terrors for the newcomer-namely, the fatiguing tramp through the bush in sean-h of a location and the very trying first few days befoiv a shelter is provided It IS therefore frequently the case that persons who have a little money can avail themselves of an opportunity to purchase a partly-cleared location. They should take care, ot course, that the location is a suitable one and alsi that tho .VUer has a title to that which he propo.ses to sell. And very great care .should betaken that the iocat.'.nn is not one which tho seller wishes to abandon because he has discovered that he made a mistake in selecting it. .s thus app )r- 250 00 08,'} 00 118 00 187 50 185 00 107 00 139 00 HO 50 57 00 109 00 281 00 72 50 M8 00 94 00 89 00 4.S 50 cCaig, Public IS have been 110 teachers vere spent on '26,176 more on, of wliioh al schools in here are now and twenty- ' settlers wh , ness of fiirra- w acres, put- ne newcomer lly advaata- pertnesH and )n of claims, hat at which bristles with ush in seanjh irov^ided. It ley can avail Tliey should ho >.(\ller has lid be taken •ause he has u as ■< Ed 'J •< o 3 I O as H si 00 a ^ H O as 'A H A ■< 1 jS^ ■n *2S -i^. o o 'nO « 1 TV iO easy lafe an Jnit»',een Ic Means of Access to Algoma and Nipissing. There m probahly no ♦•(jiial area of imdovnlopetl land on the earth which in o ea.Hy of accesn. It has a cccst line of many hundred miles indented with many afe and commodious harbors accessible to the rapidly growing commerce of the Tnited States and (latwuia. and within a lew months, on the comi)letion of the nlargement of the 8t. Lawrence canals to fourteen feet, now almost within sight, "'ill he ojien to the smaller class of ocean-going vessels. Communicating with the ortant line. I'.ven as a colonization mad only it would open up an immense coiuitiy, the resources of which are probably as great as those of any equal area in the" Pro- vince. It would beside i)ut this Province in contact with the rich fisheries and tlie whaling and sealing industries of Hud.son's Bay. There are known to be extensive deposits of coal — brown and black Ii»)-iute at many places between Lake Abbitil)be aiid the Hudson Bay. Pieces of anthra- •'•ir-e have been found along the rivers .south of .James bay, but so far no mine has ht^en located. The known deposits of iron are of great wealth. Porcelain clay, 26 or kaolin, of the finest quality is found. In short, an explorer says : " I have no hesitation in pronouncinjij tht; James Bay district the richest mineral region in the Dominion, perhaps on the continent." The distance between James Bay and the Canadian Pacific at North Bay is about 350 miles, in sections as follows: First section, Noi th Bay to head of J^ake Temiscaming. Second section, Lalve Temiscaming to Lake Abbitibbe. Third section, Lake Abbitibbe to Moose Factory 81 miles. 94. •• 175 • Tl and fr( the mr pacl< :s, now pa has to him th£ til is C9 from t .•hi Total . ,850 Pish, Game and Wild Animals. Thei"e is no easily accessible part o{' the world where better sport with the rod or g(m can be olttained. The virgin waters teem with fish ol' all kinds, salmon trout, speckled or brook trout, gray trout, lake trout, river trout, black bass, rock bass, green bass, sturgeon, maskinonge, pike of several kinds, t\m jean d'oree and other pickerel, whitefish, heiriiig, etc. Nearly all the different kinds offish take the fly or bait or trowl freely. The various rivers and lakes diff-^r strangely in the species of their finny inhabitants. In some, only bass will be found, in others closely adjacent, only pike, or only pickerel. The last named is a very ferocious fish which lias made a clean sweep of all other kinds from many a lake. He does not furnish much sport, but it is to be said in his favor that he is very fair food-fish, an 's a brown bear, inter- mediate in size between the black and the polar or white .lear. 'J'he last !iamed formidable animal is found on the shores of Hudson's bay in great numbers. grant .J0^ 27 : " I have no region in the North Bay is miles. t with the rod kinds, .salmon ack bass, rock an d'oree and is of tish take r strangely in uiul, in others k'ery ferocious a lake. He le is very fair est surviving onia and Nip- )rbid Oats " -29 >'nimer, Duchess of Oldcnhurg and Yellow Trans] nirent. A^'fumii, Alexander, ( olvrt, Red Bietigheini.'r in.— IU("l\ \V(jrden, Mo(jre's Early, Clmnipiou. Rrd, Delaware, Lin.llfV, WyoniiuL'' Red. ir/u'/c, Jessica, iMoore's Diamond, Lady. Fruit and Ornamental Trees for the North. In the Ontario Fruit Growers' As.sociati()n l.'eport fnr ISiH, Mr. J. P. Cockbi)rn of Gravenhurst, .says : No resident of Muskoka need .send to the nursery for trees wherewith to decorate his lawn or garden, while such shrubs as the dogwood, juneV^erries. arrow-wood black alder, high bush cranb.-rries. striped maple, mountain nriplr witcii hazel and a dozen othei- sorts may be had for the digging; but wiii'ie' there is no taste there is no knowledge. It is the few who have had a de.sire for these things, and more especially the wives of the settlers who have persistently tried to grow the fruits they formerly enjoyer the product of many orchards in the district t .supply the local demand at good prices, and no man need be afraid of the venture who vvill make a judicious .selection of varieties. The much abused (Jhanqjion grape grows to great ]ierfection here. Our .soil .seems to almost change the variety, the skin gets thin, the pulj) juicy, sweet and spri'ditly. All the early Rogers, Concor^i>'g' Western ( Town. Sauh Ste. V Mattawa Little For Rainy Li: Fort Franc Haileybur yftul» 3te Ma'tiwa Littlrt 1 11 liny FortFri an( 1 Jessie are a the best emes, mountain ^mg; but Lvo had a who liave )ld homes and it is ;koka as a le winds," (1 without and liouse cows have r, because t the tree riiese are untry, but ty can be :^^v Tians- y of the erit. Our id cohering district t/ he venture Our soil sweet and en well in ion, and on idy nook". :es a more er, Biibach k berries of Temperature and Rainfall For the following information this department i« !"^l»^^'^YV^%^-^'tn!llivrs' ...ielioL'Toront:;. It will be ^^>^^^ ^^y^ZSt^ltT:^^^on p^es c^ ^y;;^^l^:Zrt:^J^t^ th^';!;:; weather in Al^.^ ^d acconnt of extremes ol cinnait, tiu lu t^ Canada, except South- ^N Highest Temperature. Town. Jan. r'la'.to 1 I8',tl Savilc Ste. Mane { ,,m)3 I ISitl I, 1Mb 18901 18911 18!)2 1893 1894 1 1895 il89(J Feb. Mar. Apr. May. Mattawa Little Forkfl, Rainy Lake . Fort Francis.. C 1 1890 I 11891 \ 189-.' (, 1893 38.0 41. 7i 42.0 1 32.0 ■40 O' 37.9 50.9' 34 0; 34.5; 34 13 0, 33. ol 33,0 28.0 27.0 28.5 42.0 42.3 41.8 41.0 44.8 I 44.8 48.0 50.0 41.0 40.0 44.0 38 43.9 52.0! 47.0 48.01 .54.01 45. 8| 1 43.8' 40 0| 44.01 5J.0! ()2,8i .53.01 44.0; u 66.3 7r,.7 57. B 59.3 70.0 71.2 June July. 71 83 74.3: 77 4; 71. Ol 89 0! 09.01 83.9! 70.8 62 8 73 75 83.5 78.5; 81.5! 96.6' 91.51 87.01 88.31 87.4 92.5 90.2 87.0 90.9 91.01 91.91 94.. 5 91 .41 94.5 83 Aug. 32.0 60.0- 68.01 90. 7 i ^'J 7 •v> 60.0 62 Ol 68.0 86.0 :u 46. 0: .56.01 82.5' 85.0 85.71 88.0 87.21 90.5 87.0 93.0, 87.4' 89.9 87.9 93.2 95.0 {^.0 'gj 96.0 Sept. Oct. 80 90.5 89.71 90.8 80. 4j 80.6 79.01 87 51 85.5] 77.1 96.3, 79.0 71.9 69.3 69.8 68.7 86.91 81.71 88.9 91.4 81.0] 90 0| 92.5 97.7 92.0 77.0 85.9 81.0 79.0 83.9 89.0 83.0 66.01 78 f-S Nov. 49 8| 49.9 47.3 61,5 51.1 Deo. 47.8 48.0 37.6 38 43.5 86.9 80.0 76.5 78.0 '08.0 62.0 51.7 75.2 86.7 30.01 51.8! 47,0 60.0 '65.6 60.0 54.0! 48.0 38 40.0 48.0 38,0 89.8 '53! 6 43.0 86,0 46.0 81 Lowest Temperature Saull 3te. Marie f 1890 il891 1 1892 1 1 1893 I 1894 I. 189.=> r Ma'tiwa Little Forks. Kiiny Lake Fort Francis.. 1890 1891 1892 IS93 1894 1895 1896 1S90 1891 1,S92 . 1 1893 -16 0- 21 - 2') 8 - -30.0 - -20 6 -19.0 -26.0.- -43.0 -33 40.5 -25.0 27.0 -4C.0 -16 7! -24.0 -2'. 41 -12, 5 .0-,.'. -13.0 -30.5 9,51 -27.5 0.9! -a8,2-2't 5 0, 2.91 10.5 6.1! 30.01 13.4 22.4 23.7 29.9 28 6 2'i.O 27.0 -31 -29.3 -32.5 -3-3. 5 -43 34.0 -40.0 .3-32.3i- 4.0 19 8| 18. (• 15 5 -20.5 -15 0| -29.0, -27.51 4 5 6.0 6 10.0 Hailwybury. 1894 1895 1896 11894 11895 - -21.5 -44 -40.0 -46.0 -48.0 23.01 28.01 '2'i'5' so.o 35.4 30.11 40.2 32.2 30.0 32.2, 30.0, 21.5 35.5 39.5, 31.0 4' 30.0 40 Ij 26 Oi 40 2 40. 2| 30.7 36 !=5.0 33 6 36 oi 41 0! 41.0 39 0' 45.0 ■82.5-20 51 1.2 -46 0-24.5 " " -42 0-28.5 -28.6 - 23 . 4 118961-40,2 -31.0-16.0 -44 -29.0 1.1 -33.0 - 7.7 —29 3 - 6.5 3 6 8.0 26.3 31 0, 29.0 32 0| 28.8 35.0 85.0 -14.0 ' 31.0, 35 -33. 11-25.3 o 27.0, 21.9, ,11 27.81 0.51 5 1! 37,6 31.2 38.8 38 8 30.0 36.8 35.0 34 1 40.0 35.0, 30.5, 37 0; 36,0 27.0 27.4 31.2 25.3 25.8 24.0 20.3 27.3 21.2 20.2 16.0- -2,3 • 1.0 9,8, 5.3 - 7.1 - 1.4 -IB 7 -19.3 -22.6 22.8. .34,01 .31,01 28.0 27 24 0| 20 0, I 32.0 37.0 34.0 27.0 30.0 20.8, 10.4 31 18.0 ■i2'.ol 18.0. 26.5 24.0 20.7 8.01 -0.5 7.0 -1 6l -io'o 2 1,0 -17.1' -28.5 -27 - 0.1 -26,0 -28.0 -26.0 -16.6 -26.0 - 8.5 -42.0 30.5 38.2 34,51 44.4: 35.0 39.0 38.3 39 7 35 0| 35, ol 34.1! S9 6i 26.0 22.0 . 32 3 26.0' 25.0 14 0,-14.0 31. 1,-16. 9 14.2 15.4 IG 1- 5 -20 -23 6 —24 5 —18.2 86 Mean Temperature. Town. Sault Btn. Marie: Mattawa . Littlp Forks, Rainy Lake Fort Francis . Haileybury •1 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1890 1891 1892 IHV3 1894 1895 1896 IH90 1891 1892 1893 '1894 1 1 895 1896 I 1894 18S5 11896 Jan. Feb. Mar. I, 17.1 12.9 4 14 9 13.2 9.6 8.3 3.6 -2 8 6.3 4 1 7.3 3.2 -14 -9.6 • I 1.3! u 16, 'i 16.2, 18. 4S 9.21 10 9| 9 9: 14.71 12.3! 11.6 2 4i 4 2 9.5 8.7, 15 7 21.7 22.3 IH 5 30.0 15.7 16.6 April 36.9 39.5 35.6 34 3 36 U 39 2 May. 19 4 17 2 26.5 14 1 13 2 36.6 '36.1 84 1 40.5 41 8 44 6 1 45.0 48.7 50.3 47 2 46.9 52 5 45 6 •Tune July. 62 02 60 61 , 57 61, Aug. Sept. 3.6 22.8 6.8 16.1 -10.2 10.7 49.3 50 8 56.5' 65. !t 41.61 66.5 38.11 44.4 33.11 60.7 63.5 61.8 62.5 66.9 63.31 67 1| 63,0 62.6 67.8 3.0 24.3 38.6 9^8 "i3"3 "hi. 6, 'S.VS!' 63,2 3 4 5.0 9.8 10.5 25.9 14 12.7 37 .50,0 38 1 .n2.o 40.2 64,3 I 9 ' 63, Ol 58.61 64 9' 63 8 56.0 60. 7 64.1 61.5 65. 7 1 66.1' 63.5 65.3 60.6 62.6 ,59.3 62 2 62.71 62 9 5(i.O 61 3 64.3 65 8 58.0 60.2 6,5 (13 5 58 6 63 2 6?. 4 64 3 .53.4 62.1 68.2 62.7 65 3 V.W ... 61.51 65.0, I (16. 2' 62 6; 58 61 62 ,54.0 63 6 67 2 53.1 .55.0 Oct. Nov. 45.9 43.9 43.9 46 2 44 63.0 ,59.7! 65 3 51.4! 67 01 .57 3 j 62.91 41.11 51 2! 53.1, 45.8 41 3 42.1 46 5 Sii H 40 9 38 6 44 9 60.2 82.8 31.2 29.9 32.6 28 1 Deo. 20.0 30.9 19.4 13.6 25.3 29.6 8.1 29.6 26.8 23.0 y.o.t, 30.41 6.6 55.11 50 1 37.7 26 6 31.1 21.8 13 8 29 4 - 0.8 18 8, 9.4 ^5 6 -2.2 I 20.4 12.0 .'■m.91. 55 81 50.7! 36,0 88 2 23,0 28 2 28.4 17.3 18 12 2 Precipitation. Sault Ste. Marie-! I 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 I Mattawa 1890 '1891 !l89i ..-! ,1893 I 1894 LI 1896 Little Forks, ) Rainy Lake . . \ 1890 !l891 il892 11893 |1894 Fort Francis ,..■< 11895 189S ■{ Haileybury ( IS94 < 1895 (11896 2.55 2 10 3.20 6.45 1.84 1.90 2,87 3.62 3.88 2 90 2.35 4,90; 1.20 3.10 0.20 2.24i 50! 1.47 1.71 1.53 1.45i l.lll 4.10 0.20 (» 60 0.64 0.82 1.16 85 1.28 1.37 0.30 1.65 4.79 2 18 1.82 3.25 'i!77 2.02 6.47 0..50 2.70 3.95 '3.37 0.07, 1.00, 0,98l 4. Oil 3.(i0 1 It 2.92 8 39 0.78 5,21 2.76 1 80 4.46 'i;49 1.05 1.80 60 0.99 0.70 0.70, 1.47; 2.35; 3.21 0.72 0.02 2.65 ' 70 O.uO 2 05 !( 6S I :« 3 .39 2.84 1 00 0.54 2.13 1 85 1.37 1.00 4.801 8.40! 5.30 4.19! 0.631 3 0(!j 3 il 0.77' 4.16 3,60; 0,75 4.29 2'61 s!36 2 94 3 99 3 73 3.12 1.62 1 HI 1.58 1.42 4, 54 3.18 2.64 0.76 3..S4 0.72 2.39 4.64 2.95 0.82 2.38' 2.90 2.49 5 28 3 17 2.681 3.88 6.90 2.32 4.04 6.90 3.76 8.94 1.90 4.06 4 65 6.70 7 6OI 6.60 2.411 1.95 4.43 3 26 2 95 4 .50 4..5(i 05 1.66 1.07 1.64 1.67 0.16 2.80 1.25 2.77 2.27 1,68 1.92 4 24 I 1.90 1 06 2 52 3.60 2.20 0.80 10 00' 6.201 '_' .50 9.35 11 201 1.93; 2«i 0.371 90 5.10' 76' 4.66 16! 0.63 O.fO 2 79 1.21 1.80 0.80 ) 2.38 5.19 2.32 3.13 2.53 2 93 4.34 3.32 1 2. OH, 3.22, 4.45: 1 37i ) 1.29 1 1.78' ' 1.63 1 4.40 2 86 4.27 2 5!' 3 52 1.18 3.08' 2.481 1.46 4.72i 0.79 1 2.651 1.93 4.35 2 26 2.61 0.88 Average Annual Rainfall. Tht> returns from thcsr newly Hettleil di.'^tiiet.s are of iieces.sity fragmentary. Fuller inii)rination is uvuilable with resjx'ct to Mu.skoka and Parry Sound, where it apnears from olwervations. exteiidincr hack .several years, the avera.t^'e rainfall and snowfall ^)ne inch of rain counted jus t-en inche.s of snow) has been 86.95 inches per annum. 87 Nov. De& V p 82.8 20.0 31.2 30.0 29. U 19.4 82.0 18.6 28 1 26.3 29.0 8.1 29.6 26.8 23.0 ?.0.6 30.4 6.6 ' 26 () ' 2i!3 31.1 18 8 29 4 -0.8 18 8 9.4 '5 6 -2.2 i"'io!4 "i2!6 23.0 17.8 28 2 18 28.4 12 2 2.38 i.90 6 28 3 17 8.88 6 90 4.04 6.90 8.94 1.90 1.25 1.90 2.77 1 06 2.27 2 52 1.68 3.50 1.92 '2.26 4 24 0.30 0.37i 90 76' 4.66 0.63 o.eo "i'.so "o.m 2.65: 2 26 1.93 2.51 4.35 0.88 Comparison of Tempgratures. T.a e the cul.loHt month, February. The inea.. K-mperaJure of that month in 1H94 atSaultSte. Marie, was 10.9, but the average mean tunperature ot that niunth in a Heriea of years was 1?". For nui-pones of comparison the February „„.an trmperature of a number of Uiato.l States and Canadian pUices is here gi\en : 1894 February Mean Temperatures Toronto 22.'^^}'''''^''^!^'Z owners^ is and th; laborious and costly inve.stigation oi the titles of piecedmg owmis is dispensed with. Free Grants and Homesteads. Per.sons desiring to take the benefit o/>l-; Free Grant. Act must a^^^^^^^^^ the Crown LaiKl Acrent for the district in which they intend to settle. Ihe agcn will givrtht^n 1 formation as to what land is open for settlement and wil fm-msh Them with printed forms of affidavits which are necessary to be made by the applicants. ., „ ,. On beincr properly located by a Crown Lands Agent and on P«-fonnance « settlenllnrdi^ies, I si^le man oL eighteen, or a "^^^ ";- ^ '^^ ^n under eighteen residing with him, or th;. f.-male head of .^^^ ?' ^ '^ :"f \^ft^^ under eighteen residing with her, is entitled to a free grant ot 100 acits. it the m 100 acri'H si'lt'cttMl consists dt" (i (•oiisiilfinlilf iHHtinn ol' lock, s\\nm|M»r wnstc land, the CoiiiiiiisHiont'r of I'rown Lands imiy inukc Jiii MlldWiiiicc for sucli wasto lainl and may iiicrt'asf tlif i|nMntity n\' Innd located tunny iinndnTof iicrcs not fXCocMl- in<; 200 arrcs. Tlir nialf in'iid ui' a family, liavin;;- a cliild <>r rliildrfii under ei<,d\t»}eu rt'sldinj,^ with lum or' lier may he located for 200 acies as a free ^n-ant And such male head of a fnmily is pnniitti'd to purclinse finntliei' 100 acres at ftO cents per acre cash, at the time of lucntion. In the townships which are laid out in sections or lots of :{20 acres or 160 acres, tlie locatee will he t'ntitle<| oidy to 100 acivs, Miid lie oi slie miiy |mrchas. another KjO acres for ")0 cents an acre cmsIi, npon ij Mi^ located, the locatee mny enter and improve his land, and he is re(|uired to do so within one month. Settlement duHes ms follows nnist lie performed hy ail locatees and purchasers. (1) Af least fiffei:n iieres to be denvol und IkuI uvdi-r fultiration, of ivhich tiuo acres at leant air to ha chare.d and eiiltirated aimiudbi dariiujihe fiie years. (2) To hare huilt a hahUnhle house, at hast lnal 100 acres nuist within five years clear fifteen aci-es anil cultivate the same. If the lot is adjacent to the lot on which he resides the ])atent may issue for the purchased lot at tin- expiration of tlie time re(juired l)y law, provideil he has thii'ty acres cleaied iipun liis homestt^ad. The pine trees and minerals are not sold to the free ijrant .siltler, Init the .settler has the pri\ile^e (»f cutting;' ]iine in the course of clearini;', also for huihline purposes and feneino' upon his lot. If lie sells any of the pine cut in the course of clearing; he must pay timhei- dues upon it. < hi the issue of the patent, the title to the pine remains in the Crown, hut the pateiUee is entitled to receive one- third of the timl»er dues paitl hy the lieeiisee on pine cut on the patentee's lot after the HOth ■)f April next followine' the issue of the patent. On tile :iOth of April ne.\t followin;;' the location of nwy lot, th<' rijjjht of the timber licensee to cut any tind)er other than pine on the setllei'V lot ceases. (For an abtitract uf the law conct^rninf^ pine and other timber on lands piirchaRed at 20 and 50 Lvntfl an acre, see on former ]>age mider the he idinp " Forest Prodiictions. ") Holders of timber licenses ha\(' ti e rieht to haul timlier over the nnclearod portion of any land loeateil or sold, to make roads for that purpo.se, to use all slides, portae'es and i\)ads and to have free access to all streams and lakes. The Crown resei'ves the rii^ht to ciaistruct on any land located or sold, any coloni/ation road or any deviati>n from the (Jovermnent allowance ha- road ; and to take without compensation any timi)er, travel oi' material recjuired for such road. Before the issue of the patent, any assieimient av mort;;;".jre of a homestead is invalid. This does not a])ply to devi.se by will uor to transfer of land for church, cemetery, or school purposes or the linht of way of railroads. Aft(!r the i.ssue of the patent and within twenty years from looitioji, any conveyance, mort^iiffe or alienation by a locatee will be invalid unless it be by IS 30 wast*' laml, WHsto Idinl not cxooi'il Iillfll Ulnlii t'f«'n j;riiiit I lU'i't'H at ftc icrcs or 160 \y purchase 1, ami ho i^ 1 purcliasers, >??, of whu'l u: til e i/e years eloar ot oil wliich 1 of till' tiiu'' tead. Icr, but th.' for buil(liii<: M the comso patent, th' receive oin- atentee's lot I'ijjjlit (if tlif eeases. t 20 and nO ivntg lif iiiielearerl e, to use all lakes. or sold, any or road ; and ired for such a homestead ■r of land for loentinn, ,M!iy dess it be by deed in whieli his wife is one of th.- ^nantorH. Hut if tho wife is a lunatic or livinir apart from her husband f..r two years, under sueh circumstancoK as dis- entitle her to alimony, or if tli.- wife has not bo.'ii heanl of for seven years, a Judge of the High Court may older thiit her eoucurrence bo diapdnaed with. Th«* land is net liable for debts created befon^ the issue of the patent. Tho land wh-"« owned by the locatee. his widow, heirs, or devisees is exempt fo- t.veniy years after loeation, from liability f(;r debts eKcopt debts .secured' by mortgage made after the issiU' of the patent, and except from sple tor taxes. When a loeat.'e dies, whether before or after issue of patent, leaving n widow, she is entitled to take th.' land during 1m- wid..whood unle.'.s she prefers to taki her dower instead. Townships Open for Location under the Free Grants and Homestead Act. The following towiishins have l)een op-'ued for location as free grants in the distri(^ts treated in tins book. Powassan Agency. Hardy, Himsworth, Nipisf ing, Laurier, Patterson. Chisholm. Agent, J. S. Scarlett, ?owA8SAN. The route from Toronto is by Grand Trunk Railway; from eastern points })y Canadian Pacific to North Bay, th<>nce by (Inunl Trunk Railway to I owassan. Mattawa Agency. Bonfield, Calvin, Papineau. Ferris, Mattawan Agent, B. .T. Gilligan, Mattawii. The route from Toi mto to Mattawa is by the Grand Trunk Railway to North Bay, thence by Canadian Pacific. Thesaalon Agency. Plummer. Agent, W. L. Nichols, Thessalon. The route is from Toronto to Collmg^rood or Oweu Sound by rr: vay thence by steamer ; or from Toronto by Grand Trunk Railway to North V. -, thence by Canadian Pacific. St. Joseph Island Agency. St. Joseph Island. Agent, George Hamilton, Richard's Landing. The route is the same as to Biuce Miuis. 40 Sault Ste. Marie Agency. Korah, Parke, Prince. Agent, Wm. Turner, Sault Ste. Mane. The route is from Toronto to CoUingwood, thence to the Sault by steamer or from Toronto by the Grand Trunk Railway to North Bay, thence by Canadian Pacific. Lands Which Are Open For Sale. In the following townships in the District of Algoma, the lands are sold at the rate of twenty cents per acre cash, subject to conditions of (1) actual residence on the land purchased for three years from date of purchase ; (2) clearing and having under cultivation and crop a^ least ten acres for eveiy 100 acres purchased ; and (3) building a habitable house 16x20 ft. at least. Pine trees are reserved from such sales until the 30th April next following the issue of the patent : At 20 cents per acre and settlement duties. Thessalon Agency. Bright and Bright additional, Coffin and Coffin additional, Day, Galbraith, Gladstone, Patton. Rose, Tarbutt and Tarbutt additional, Thompson, Wells. Haughton, Johnson, Kirkwood, Lefroy, Parkinson, Agent, Wm. L. Nichols, Thessalon Spanish River Agency. Shedden, Victoria, Salter, Hallam, * May, Agent, Duncan G. McDonald, Massey Station. Mas^ey Station is on the Sault Ste. Marie Branch of the Canadian Pacific. At 50 cents 'per acre and settlement duties. The lands in the following townships in the Districts of Nipissing and Algoma are open for sale at 50 cents per acre, one-half cash and the balance in two years with interest at six per cent, subject to the conditions of (1) actual residence on the land purchased tor four years from date of purchase ; (2) clear- ing and putting under cultivat' m ten acres for every 100 purchased; (3) build- ing a habitable house 16x20 ft. at least. Pine trees are reserved from such sales until the 30th April next following the if sue of the_ patents : riturgoon Palls .Agency. Caldwell, Springer, McKim. AgenL, J. D. Cockburn, Sturgeon Falls. Sturgeon Falls is a station on the Canadian Pacific west of the Northern and Pacific Junction. Prince, . Mane. y steamer Canadian ;re sold at residence aring and )urchased ; ) reserved ent : idditional, lessalon. ihedden, Station. m Pacific. issing and balance in (1) actual (2) clear- (3) build- such sales McKim. on Falls. I Northern Balfour, Sudl the Sault At 9 J pe Und been wi ceeds to mone_) s ( The will be s for agric in cash per cent years frc actual c acres ; a minerals building Baldwin South h I Mil Act, or 1891. Th jury to Mi page. Bureai Balfour, 41 Sudbury Agency. Dowling, Rayaide. Agent, Thos. J. Ryan, Sudbury. Sudbury is a station on the C. P. R., at the junction of the main line with the Sault branch. Railway Lands For Sale. Af $3 per acre and settlement duties ; also at the irrices fixed under the Mines Act, Under the Railway Aid Act 1889, the undermentioned townships have been withdiawn from the Free Grants Act and set aside to be sold, the pro- ceeds to be applied to forming a fund to recoup the Province in respect ot mone^ s expended in aiding railways. The terms of sale are : When such lands possess a mineral value they will be sold at the prices set forth in the Mines Act, which see. When suited for agricultural purposes the lands will be sold at S2 per acre payable one-third in cash and the balance in two equal annual instalments with interest at six per cent. The purchaser will be entitled to a patent at the expiration ot two years from the date of sale upon completion of settlement duties, vnz : two years ictual occupation ; clearing and having under crop ten acres for every 100 acres ; and the erection of a habitable house 16x20 ft. at least. The pine and minerals are reserved except what pine may be necessary to the purchaser tor building and fencing. Spanish River Agency. Baldwin, South half of Nairn, Merritt, Foster South naif of Lome. Ao-ent, D. G. McDonald, Massey Str.tion. Sturgeon Falls Agency. Widdifield. Aen yi'ars ago with hardly any money, and .lid not know anything about the bush. Now I have fifty acres ot cleared land and a good stock of cattle and team of horses." " When I came (St .Joseph's Island) T had (aie cow and about S.50 in cash- Now I am worth S2,(K)0 and I am only iicre fourteen years." 11 I cunie here four years ago Had S700. Now 1 am worth S2,000. 44 Caino liere thirteen v^'ars ayo. I did not liavc iJS. Now I have three hundred acres of (food land one horse, one yoke of oxen, and a ;i;ood stock of sheep, cattle and pigs. I tliink St. Joseph's Island is tlie place to settle in. " I came here ten years acfo. I only had !iJl when 1 landed. Now have two hundred acres and am doin;., well. Algoma is the place for .a poor man or a man with some capital." " There is lots of money in stock-raisint^ in Algoma. From early summer till late in the fall cattle run wild and do well. Hay is a good crop. I often have two to two and a half tons to the acre. The farmers now in Algon.a came with- out money. I came here twelve years ago. 1 don't think I had S12 when I landed at Sault Ste. Miuie dock." " I think Algoma the healthiest climate in the world. The winters 1 con- sider very healthy for man and stock. The air is exhihirating and dry in winter. In summer it is never very hot, the nights are always cool and very heavy dews as a general thing. Industrious men have always .succeeded here, and I can tell you dozens of them. As to fruit I have a good orchard, bearing for some years." "I have been up here two yeais, and during that time have seen and raised as fine crops of peas anil oats as ever I saw grown in Huron, and for roots of all descriptions it cannot be surpassed in any country." " It is a good country for farmers." " Good for roots, apples, grain, hay, stock, and one of the best markets in Ontario." " I am getting along well for a man of small means. 1 don't know where I could go to get along better it 1 was going to farm." " My expenses left me in debt when 1 came here with my wife and five children. Now I am well off. Thank God for it. I have a horse and buggy for my own use. Came irom Warwickshire, England." "After having travelled over all the Western States in search of a home, I came here with small means. I am now doing well with a good stock of cattle sheep and horses of my own, and thank God all paid for. I prefer this place to any other." "I got a free grant lot thirteen years ago, and then had only one horse, one cow and no money. Now I have three horses, five cows, and a good stock of young cattle, six sheep, three pigs, thirty heus.a mowing machine, waggon, harrow plow, good house, a barn bank 36x60, thirty acres cleared and don't o'we any man a dollar." "^ " I came to St. Joseph six years ago, 8S00 in deV)t. By this spring I have cleared myself of debt and have in ad.lition got stock and cattle around me of my own, jind good land of my own. Am doing well, .satisfied, ami contented." " I would not want to live in a prairie country. In a prairie country you have to buy any timber you need. Here wIh'ii one goes on a farm, you find valuable timber of all kinds. The timber is a great protection against the wind also. W^e have no blizzards in wint(;r or hurricanes in summer, and we have excellent spring water for man and beast, I like the climate, winter and summer and would not want to li' e anywhere els-'." " Industrious men have always succeeded here, even if they had no capital and I can tell you dozens of them in Vi^, jma. As to fruit, I have a good orchard of apples (some are seedlings grafted by me and some are from nurseries), plums and cherries ; they are all thrifty trees. My trees ha\ t been bearing for .some years. 45 I never saw hotter saiiiplos nf rootH tinywhere than I see every fall at the District Fall Show at Sault Stc. Marie here with man corninj,' here witliout money, it he works lianl and has a knowledfje of the business, can perhaps uot on better in Alj,n)nui than in other countries where there is no work or employment in the winter months, as there is in Algoma in the woods and mines and on the public works ; but the kind of farmers to come here, and the men who would make themselv(!S indt^pendently well off in a vt'ry short time are tenant farmers and others with a little means or capital and a good practical knowledtje of farmhig or stock-raising; men who under- stand it as a business and who have a little money to buy good stock and imple- ments and get well started. " 'lam satisfied with this place for farming and stock-raising. I grow as good fall wheat and crops of all kinds as in the County of York." •' No place a good man can do better in that I know of." " Peas fifty-two, oats forty, wheat thirty, buckwheat twenty-five bushels per acre were grown on my place." " Sixty bushels of oats, twenty wheat, fifty peas to the acre. I grow good ii])ples and fruit. Am doing well." Toronto Dailj) News : " Enormous advantages are ofiered in this new country. The climate is unsurpassed ; tlie country is well watered ; there is abundance of timber; the soil is pavtieulnrly well adai)ted for the production of roots and hay : fruits of the hardier varieties yield abundantly ; and there is, owing to the large hnnbering and mining industries, always an unlimited demand for labor, and a home market at high prices For everything a farmer can produce.'' Algoma Adnnatc ccjrrespondence : "Timothy and clover now (29th May), measuring from eight to ten inches in height. We can grow root crops and vegetables un('((Ua]led in any other part of Ontario, and wheat, peas and oats grow in abinidance." Sdult Ste. Marie Express: There is not a hundred acres that is not watered by living streams, nor is there a settler's farm that is not benefited to the extent of at least $100 per year hy having the broken land Ij'ing near for pasturage." " This is a good country and I advise English tenant farmers to come and buy land and settle in Algoma, and not go out on the bleak prairies and plains where they will not find good water aiid wood." Mr. Wm. Allard in Farm and Fireside : " For the last seven years I have drawn my wood as I cleared my land to the Sault, and T get S3 per cord for green four foot wood. If I held it over to summer and ccmld get it in 1 could get S4 to S5 per cord for it. In addition to the settler being able to sell his lumber and cordwood as he clears the land, it is expected that the water power canal at the Canadian Sault will be in oi)eration tliis yeai', and then the settlers expect to find a ready sale for their birch find maple in tli inir nurnoses. I oidv started seven vears ago. Tliert' was purp in the log for manufactur- not an acre cleared on my farm then. I had so little money when I started that I might be said to have iKme at all. But I worked hard and knew how to use an axe and to log up and clear land, and ])erhaps best of all I have a good wife, something every pioneer settler .should have if lie "uants to suceed in Algoma. f now have fifty-tive acres cleared and under cidtivation, and half of it free from stumps and on which I can use machinery. My average crop has been i)er acre : Oats thirty-five to forty- 4(i five biishfl.s: spritiir wlu-it about t\v.'iity IhisIicIh; I'm II wli.-at twmty-Hvo bushels peas, always five from wortiis, thirty or thirty-Hvf bnslu'ls ; Iculry al)o it forty bushels : .latocs, I .M) to '!'){) bnslicis, )iii> ,..■ is natin-al to the soil in Al.-oma, and ,s.>ems to grow everywhere. 11' a man wants a 'soft'tim,' lie ha.l better nol com.- to Algoma : hut it lie is hard working and saving and can use ;in axe, mid has anv knowledge ul' binning, or really d. -sires to learn it.nnd if he can bring witi him just enough money to make a start li, such a comitrv ns I luiv-' loscrirM.d, be will fiiul many iidvantagvs in N.-vv ( hitario, lough-lookiiin' ('...ukI, ii mav be And he can rely on getting plenty of sw.t |>inv .vat.-- foi man and b. ist" iVom -iirintrs andcreeks all over tlie country, au.l the timber and n.ekv bjulfs he wdl riitil wdlprot.rt lum from bli/,/.aids and the .storms h,. wuiii'd meet with on the lonely prairies. " Dominion Indian Lands From a late ivpoit of t!,, Departm.Mit of Indian affairs, (Ott.iwa) it is learned that on the.SOth .Fuur.i.S!):!. il,,. D.ani.don Covrninient held the foll'owin.-- surrendered surv.-yed latidsin tlu- ),art of Ontario t,, wliiclitl.is pamphlet related loulais hay and Bat' 'la waning 15ay, townships of Aweres, Archibald, Dennis, Kislu'r, Henick Ifavi- land, Kars. "nmrbitlier 'I'illcy, Tupj.er, Peiiwick, Vankoughiit't ' . . ' lOT f.^? issisauga Keserxc i i-.i Jliessaloii o -..y ^'ii'"d (, 72() I^Iacdonald o' i~- ercditli . . » ..„- lUamtoulm J)istiict .>->i i .-w Theterm.sof sale of the above laiid^ are .-,() cents to .>?1.()0 p,.,'- acr. two- httliscasb and balance m tliiv,. annual in.stalments witli ,six ,.er cent interest further particulars can be ha.l fiMii. W. Van Abbot, Indian A. .....t S-inlt St. ' Marie; B. W. Ross. In.lian Ag..nt, (ioiv Bay : S. Hagan. UnZ iWm'^' Character of Algoma and Nipissing Townships. _ Here follow particulars a.s to tlu- s.,,1 an.) <-iia,act. list ics.r the .lirter.-nt town- ships ni..titione.l m the lor-g.ang bsts, such particulars being tak.-i, m unl\ fm . the rep.,rtsof thesurveyors who laid o„t tl,.. sai.l townships Tl, • ' of the townships is alphabetical. ""sin,,s. J |,„ anang, nient Bald-win. A township on the Sauit branch of tli.- Cana.lian Pacific Tl,.. 1... i • n • township is for sde at ^2 an acr.- and settlement .lutles 'Im! er t ' K ^ " 'i!^ Act^ Iho Spanish rnvr runs ..ast.-rly acro.ss th.- northern part. T le s u Le broken, but there ar.- maiiv patch. -s of .r,jo,l land TIk' ik-t t . ' north and northwest. The'southerii part lias been prett\'" iiv/uM-alK- bn'ln'.j" ' and is grown up with poplar, birch,. -tc. Th.- lots are 320 acres. ^ ' 47 Balfour. cast ThiH tcnviiHliip is on tin' ('. P. 11. iiuiiii litu^, Cholinst'onl station l.eiiijr on the Lonler, ami tlio Larch wood ntation o»i(si(l<( its wi'st liiuibi. AI)out one-half of it is fjooil laml Miiiiicly, that ii.utluii \y\ng ^- nth of tho railway, which is ;j:t'nt'ral!y clay or .sandy loam, w, ii a f.'W narrow led^rcs of rock TUIh part i; <'()V('nid svith ;i densH sn.-ond jrrowtli of poplfir, l.irch, balsam and tamai iC. North if the tliird concession, niul t'V twn miles west ui' the eastern he idry, the I'ountry is i mass of hare rocks. To th- west of this, the country is well ( itnbered with lialsam, spruce, tamarae, cedar l)irc'i and p. plai-, with occasionally pine. The Vi rmillion ri' t is the (jiily strum oT any 'Uipoitmce. The rock is princi- pilly <^it.iss The lots are 320 acres. Fur sin at ^0 cents an acre and settle- mejit duties. %l 4 i 1 Bonfleld. About 70 per cent, of this townshij) i.s _ood ajjricuUural land, thtj best being l"'twe<'n (•' I'es-ioh liues tlircr and four and the Kaihu ^ong river, the soil being clay loam. 'J'he eight ill < uces^-ions eight to twelve, form a j;ood tract of land, the soil I '"ing clay and .sandy loam. Tat- north- point lyiuLf between Pine lake and (iK' Mattawii i-iver is also a tine tract of I, the .soil being pi'incipally clay loam. About tivr I housand acres in the southeast ))art have been mirned; over this a dense growth of pophir. cherry, etc., is gi-owing up. To the north of dii.s, and south of concession lines si-, and seven, the tiuil)er is birch, ma)le, hemlock and piuf. The balance of the township, ai)Out two-thirds, has been several tiioes overrun by tire, leaviuir only a few patches of green woods; the Inirned portion being covert^i' with popln ehei'ry, white birch, etc. The towjiship is well watered by nuuierous springs and small streams. The Kaibuskoiig river, unut blowing sand, and in the s'/amps (piicksand bottom Vater is of good le is imieh the iargei', and within some miles of_ its mouth is alternate lake and river On it are many costly dams and slides. Both these stieams are the watery highways by which a large quantity of timl)er is floateo to the Mattawan, th'ence'to the Ottawa. It is estimated that GO per cent, of Calvin is fitted r,)r agricultural. Miid much more for grazing purposes. The lots are 100 acres each. Open foi location unde • the Free Grants Act. Theiuainlin.- <)f tlie ('. P. R. traverses ihc (..wnslui), ,ind the Eau Claire station is within its limits. 4y Ooffln and Coffin Additional. Collin Im much brukon by rock» unil iiiouiituiiiH, I'muif fniquontly to oOO (mi h} n(. lar-e lakes and the only other considerable streams are tli*" La rioche ati.l Hiivh vvvok South of the Spanish river the huul is covered with a thick second growth followiuL^ an extensive burn. South of the liver there is a consi.hM'ahle (,uantitv'of pine birch maple, balsam, cedar. <'tc. The soil in the vall.ys is sandy, or sandV loam or clay' On the north sid(> there is a fair perce-ntage of arable land witl^a clav sulxsoil About twenty ]K>r cent, of the total ar<'a is tit for agriculture. The formation is Huronian, The lots .are .S20 arres each. For .sale at 20 cents an a^rre and settlement duties. 51 Hardy. Situated on the Hoiithweatern shore of Lake Nipissing. From fifty to neventy-iive per cent, of this to\vn.ship consists of good rich clay. Rocky ridges abound, but the land between them is of extraordinary richness. The timber is large and healthy black birch, maple, spruce, hemlock, balsam and cedar, with a considerable quantity of large pine intermingled. Along the eastern boundary from concession three to concession ten, and extending westward to about lot ten, there is a ti-act of land wliich is generally hilly and rough, but through here the pine is tolerably plenty and generally of a good (luality. Meme.sogamasing lake is a beautiful sheet of water, and the largest lake in the township. Pike, pickerel, ba.Hs and grpy trout are very plentiful. The formation is gneiss and a kind of clay slate. The township is laid out in 100 acre lots. Open for location luider the Free Grants Act. Himsworth. This township is situated on the southea'^t shore of Lake Nipissing, and is drained partly by branches (jf the South river, on which many good mill sites are to be had. There are no large lakes in it. The northern portion has been burnt over, the remaindei- is timbered with maple, birch, beech, oak, ironwood, bfias- wood, hemlock, cherry, and in the I'iver valleys ceilar, lialsam and spruce. Along the rivers, good clay soil exists. On the uplands it is mostly sandy loam. In tliis township large tracts of good land are to be found. The only swamp of any extent is one in the third and fourth concessions, timbtjred with spruce and balsam. One-half of tlw land in Himsworth is regarded as fit for settlement. Th.^ lots are 100 acres (iach. Open for location under the Free Grants Act. Johnson, Tarbutt and Tarbutt Additional. Many excellent agricultural lots are to be found in these townships, but there are no extensive sections of unbroken good land. In the northern part of John- son where the surface is very broken and hilly, yet the soil is rich as is evitlenced by the remarkable growth of the cn^ps raised 1 y the settlers. North of Bear lake in Tarbutt Additional, and i:; the southern part of Tarbutt, the land is more level, and a considerable area is found without rock or hills, besides there are here a number of excellent lots which would be ver}- easily cleared and prepared for cultivation, as the most of the timber has been destroyed years ago, and grass has now taken it." place. This is more particularly the case along the west side of these two townships. The lots in these townships are 320 acres. For sale at 20 cents an acre and settlement duties. The Sault branch of the C. P. R. crosses the township, and the Stobie station is in Johnson, and the TarVtutt station in Tarbutt. Korah. Korah is on tin- north shore of th(! St. Mary river, immediately west of Sault Ste. Marie. Such an enormous volume of traffic now passes this point by water and by rail that an excellent local market for all kinds of produce can be con- fidently l(K>ked for. 52 KoraU contaius (with the little township of Awenge) 25,000 acres. The quality of the land is generally fjood. For a mile back from the river it is marshy, then gradually rising becomes dry, and is principally a good strong clay loam for two miles back. The surface then becomes rolling, the soil a fairly sandy loam, and the timber chiefly maple for three miles further. From thence to the northerly limit of the township the land is more or less broken with rocky ridges. The timber is principally hardwood. The lots are 320 acres. The Canadian Pacific Sault branch crosses the river at Sault Ste. Marie, close by. Open for location under the Free Grants Act. Kirkwood Is situated immediately north of Thessalon. About sixty-five per cent of this township is fit for settlement. Soil, good sandy loam. It contains very fair hardwood timber, con.sisting of maple, birch, pine and hemlock. The fonnation is Huronian, The largest lake is Waquekobiiig on the e;i.st boundary. A branch of the Thessalon river flows through the centre of the township. Lots arc 320 acres each. For sale at 20 cents an acre and settlement duties. Laurier. This township is hilly, many of th*^ "levations being of from two to three hundred feet, timl ered principally with hardwood. Several thousand acres in the soutlieast w ere burnt over about twenty years ago. Spruce and cedar sw amps of considerable extent exi.st along the west boundary and in the northwestern quarter. The South river is the princiiial .streahi. The soil is sandy loam ; the rock gneiss. The timber is principally mixed hardwood, spnice, balsam and pine. The lots arc 100 acres each. Open for location under the Free Gninta Act The township is situated on the Northern and Northwestern Extension Railway I ILefroy. Lefroy is on the north sliore of Lak(! Huron inuiiediately eii,st of Bruce Mincp. The Sault branch of the Canadian Pacitic crosses. it along the front. The land along tlie front is rocky and broken, but about a mile (^r two back there is first- class soil capable of producing any kind of ci-op. Toward the eastern limit the land is broken and hilly and the .soil light. The northeastern portion is gener- ally good rolling land, broken occasionally by a ridge of rock. The tiniber is mixed. In tliis portion also are ricli alluvial Hats on the banks of the Thessalon river. Towards the northwestern portion the land becomes level. There are several good powers on the river. The lots are 320 acrea For sale at 20 cents an acre and settlement duties. Lome. I The south half of this township is open for sale undei- the Kai'way Aid Act at S2 an acre and settlement duties. It is on the line of the proposed Manitouliu and Little Current Railway. The Canadian Pacific Sault bianch cros.seH the northwest cornei-, and tlie stuti,5!);{ acres. TIk^ Canadian Pacific station, Mattawa, is at the village of that name on the south side of the river. The trade of the place being good and capable of very great increase, there is naturally a good local market for all produce, and this renders the adjacent land, though of poor (juality, ol' greater value than it would otherv/ise be. Tlie town- ship consists of the usual rocky ridges of the Laurentian formation, alternating with valleys in which the land is capable of cultivation and .sometimes rich. The timb'.Hble river from the northwest to the Spanish river. There are a few small lak. '^ Uie north side of the Sjjanish river. A large proportion ot' the area of t^ ■ uship has been biu'nt over. The surface is broken with hills which rise occasionally to 200 feet. In the valleys, the soil is frequently good sjindy loam and sometimes clay. In the scMithwest part there is a block of about 1,000 acres of good land entirely devoi(i of timlxT. which has been swept away by fretpient fires. About :^0 per (•('•iif. of the tov.-nship is fit for cult'vat.on. Thr lots are 820 acres each. The Canadian Pacifif? Sawlt branch ci-.)SRes the townshi]) ner.r the line of the Spanish river, and the Massey stati.jn is o** the line between May and Salf^^r. Land in May is for sale at 20 .•.■nts an acn' and s.-ttlement duties. •,: MerritI;. This to.vns1ii|) is op^'ii for .sale undf-r tli<- li > i >v., . Aid Act at $2 per aero au 1 s(}ttle'n(uit duti.!,s, it biing on the Yiw *n t'-" .K mil »uliu and North Shore Rail- The, Canadian Pacific Siult bran**! ^ro >h f hr(>u;4h the centre of it. way. This is a poor (.vvvnship, the land fit for arri-altural purples b ung only in two or thre;; p!af:as ii> H««-i'=nt .j'santity to in-i.^t it worth cultivation, The soil in tht} north'irly part is a cotfs) r.>d sand, and m wt of it ha-i been burnt over. What gO')d soii tfure is is to V» • found in the south part of tfi' township, but this 54 LalW S)? f^^ """'"^ r'''^' "^'-"' '^"•^ numerous lakes. The timber is prin- 2d gmnUe "'' '"' '^''"'' ""'^ '^ '^'''^^^""'^^ I''"^' ^^'»'« ''^^ks are U-ap townSp.^''"''"^'"" ^^''^' ^"""'^ ^''''"'^' "'"'^ ^^'"^^^^'^ "^^ northwest corner of the I Nairn. The southern half of this township is fur sale under the Railway Aid Act at $2 per acre and sett ement duties. The Sault Branch of the Cana^dian Pacific intersects the township and has a station in it, and will also bo .served bv the projected Manitouhn and North Shore line. The Spanish and Vermilion rivers ^oss , fron. northeast and the latter expands into a considerable lake cS Wabigzicr The 1 .t traversed by the C. P. R. i.s an extensive tract of level Tpt 'fia rk'r^ ^'^' ^P- -^ P'- The remaind:rTth:'tiw:: Nipissing. is broken hv m.^U* Ti. > ^ / |"«i,ef> or sard} loam. Ihe southwestern portbn \allev of Fi-aUv'o oi-P^t tI J "tie is a belt of oiioice land along the bird, beech rnTiro^w^o.]"*; Wo^S'tTtt ' '""f"''"^ 1 'f^ «"" ™»Pl« land become, broken. BirVinrtltrevaiiir. h„ "„'"' "'1 " ''"■;'"='<• "''«■■'' ">e tion of the towaship, on high as t l^as low Lr Tt ft'' T'^l '" "''"y '■^^ io^tl'uh^r'«t:rv:;:£{r^^^^^^^^ The iot» are 100 acre., eael. Open for location , er ,h,. Kree Grant, Act. Paplneau. This township is well watered • nn th^ rwv..+i, i i . . a;^ utt. PaJ;i;er»s-.;tr: ^^i- - ^^ij^tl^-^J 65 rner of the all the townsliip has been burnt over, and a thick growth of poplar and birch has come in. The soil .irenerally is sandy loam, with tracks of whitish clav loam which is very productive. The lots are 100 acres each. Open for location inider the Free Grants Act. The Mattawa station of the Canadian Pacific is in the northeast corner of this township. Parke. Parke is a snuill township south of Prince, and abutting on Lake Superior St. Mary's llivei-. It contains (),uG4 acres. The surveyor reports it to be an<: St nearly all swamp, cedar and tamarac, with .sand ridges running through it. The .south portion of t)ie township is nearly all inar.sh. The beach is .sandy and the water is shallow except at Pointe aux Pins, where the channel i-uns close to shore. Open for location under the Free (irants Act. Parkinson. The general character 'f this township is rocky and mountainous, broken up into an almost endless variety of bluffs. Xear the south boundary there are a few lots of good laud. There is a good deal of hardwood, principally maple. The only stream of consequence is the Little White rivei-. On the left bank there are a few miles of ot)en prairie, but the soil is a very light sand. About 10 per cent, of this townshij) is fit for settlement. For sale at 20 cents an acre and settlenieiit duties. Patterson. The t<.)wnship is on the -outh shore of Lake Nipi.ssing. It is intersected northwesterly bv a chain of lakes, counnunicatinij: with French river. The land m the south half of Che township rs above average, a large portion of it being very good, pri'senting a deep fertile clay soil, occasionally mixed with loaju ; it rests generally on a subsoil ef day and (!(jarse gravel. Thtsre is a considerabU; l)roportion of swamp land containing deep alluvial soil, which, in time, will, by clearing, draining, etc., become highly productive. The prevailing upland timber is a mixed growth of maple, birch and hemlock, with a fair scattering of pine in places. 'J'he north half of the township, as a whole, is nofc so well adajited for farming, although it contains several blocks of good land. A i-ather extensive area of this part has been burnt over. Scattered over this half aiv isolated tracts of low lands, or " balsam flats," yielding a fat loamy soil, whicn, from the character of the tind)er, can be readily and easily cleared and cultivated. The lakes in the township are very beautiful and useful. Kestoul lake, t'sjiecially, is exceedingly tine. The water is clear and deep, and is abundantly stocked v. ith maskinonge, bass, pickerel and white fish. 'i"he rock formation v.- Laurentian, The lots are 100 acres each. Open for location under the Free (Ji-aiits Act. Patton . This is a township ininiediately north of Thompson, which is on the north ^:(,/,}.ri j-jf T^oj^j. |4>i;.. ,., T!>!' Hoi! ;!!!(! Iiindser in this township are 'varied. In the north are several lakes. The township is traversed by the Blind liver, which is navigable for canoes from Lake Huron to Canoe lake. The river presents a 66 I splendid spectacle before it enters Cataract lake, fallinp; in a mass of snow-white foam from a height of nearly fifty feet in an inclined plane of about 200 feet in length, forminj;, with the r which supplies for the lumber camps are ttiamed, it takes root, thrives and e.\tends itself. The townships of Rayside and Balfour are almost completely settled, mostly by French-Canadians, and there are sonm farm" in an excellent Htate of cultivation. A eonsider.able percentage of tlu' land in Balfour is taken up, and in Waters the lands are also being quickly settled upon, English-speaking farmers being probably in the majority. ii fiO Thepsalon and Bruoe Minos. The HottlonifintH in the ni'ijrhborhooil < >f Tln'ssalon aiul Hnicf, Mines an; of longer Htan(lin;:C than any iti the (lis'ricts nlrcatly mcntioiicil, and in t(>rise(iiU'iio.t' th« conntry pifstnits a more civilized and a^^reeahle appearance'. Tlio soil in general is '^nod and Feitile, and a failure of crops is almost unknown. Hav, oats, pcaH and })()tat()es are here, as elsewliere, the principal crops. Well cleared faiins and comfortable houses are to he seen on every side. Towards the front the best hinds havi! been taken up, but thej-e is yet an ahnost uidiinted area of equally good land lying untouched fuither back fioin the railway. There is also a good Iccal market for agricultuiu! produce at higher i)rices than can be had in older Ontario, and in the winter time reiidy money can be earned in tho lujnber shan- ties if tho work on the farm is not ])ressing The settlement here presents nearly every feature of that in Huron or liruce t\\(nity-five or thirty years ago, the English- speaking people largely pie])onderating. Temagami Lake, Nipissing District. There is vf^y little agricuUural land on the shores of this lake, and it is unlikely that tlu; district compri.sing it will be opened for settlement. Nevertheless this work would be incomplt^te without some mention of Temagami lake, which some explorers have declared to be, from a pieturestpie point of view, the finest lake in America. It is situated on the height of land or watt^rshed between the waters that flow into Tiake Huion and thos(^ that go to the Ottawa. It has two outlets, one flowing noith to the Monti-eal river, thence into (h(> Ottawa; the other at the .south end ly the Sturi:eon and Knmch rivers into (ieorgian bay. It formerly had another outh^t on the east toward the Ottawa river, and yet another on the west to Lake Huron, and if anything should occur to raisfi the waters of the lake a few f(!et these; twooutiets would again How. Temagami lake lies northwestcM'ly about forty^-tivc miles from North Buy station on the C. P. U. It is about tlurty miles long and thirty in breadth. Its waters are tran.slucrnt as crystal. Its shores ii\ most places bold and precip- itous, with many bays and arms running oil" for miles in nil diri'ctions. Its surface is studded with most l)eautiful islands to the ninnbei- of thirteen hundred, or as some estimate, sixt(>en hundred. Its wati-rs are filled with all kinds of game fish. Altogether with its (elevation, l)racingair and romantic scenery, it appears to have the makings of an ideal sunnmr le^sort in it. On Bear Island, a large island about tho centre of the lak(\ is a Hud.son Bay post, which has been establish(.'d .some sixty or sev(;nty years. The rocks around its shores are felsites, holding pebbles of syenit(>, (piartzites, clay slates massive diorites ami crystalline schists. The timber around its shores is small, following a burn, and consists of poplar, jack pin(i, small red pine and white bii'ch. Tlu; shores are nearly all rocky. Tin; ccuntry between Temp.gami lake and North bay is, says Mr. .J. (' Bailey, chief engineer of the Toronto and James Biiy railway, rolling land with a good ,very faircountry until the Otter '1 ail river IS passeu xyhence to f,e , ,., nvcr the country is very rou^h and broken. Says Ir J U bailey, beb. re mentioned : " Couiin- down by the (Jovernraent road from bake lrmi«can.ingt,, North Bay the lamlisexoellenl, but five milea south of the Montreal riv it is very rough. After that, however, there was a reach of seventy or ei , ,ty nn es of sph-ndid latid. The timber in that re.rion is mainly white pine blapk and yellow birch, an.l tl,(.re is a large extent of sprue, and tainarac. Ihe largest bind, trees 1 saw wer<^ from three to three and a half feet through. 1 hey grow to a height of seventy or eighty feer, Out of some of these trees you could get on an average three good logs of say twelve feet in length. Ihe tamarae is .sometimes I uid 24 inches in diameter, but a good averacre would be 15 or 20 inches. Th, aller size, 10 or 12 inehes through, is used"for ties I h( re are also patches of gocj i young second growth poplar growing on land that had been burnt. We also found lots of maple, the trees running from 10 to 20 inches through. We .saw consideralile hite ash growing up to 50 or 60 feet and about 12 inches in diameter, and it commanded admiration. We noticed some whitewood, too, such as formerly grew in the Lake Erie counties ; it ws from 24 to ;-!() inchiss in diameter and is very handsome. I am satisfied that as regards soil and climate that country is well .suited for agricultural purposes ihe country is full of mo.jse. Theyai'e there by thou.sands Thev usel to tread the roads so heavily tint it made travelling by snowshoes very difficult for us. We often saw them playing on the ice and sometimes came across their stamping grounds.^ We also tracked the caribou, and the Indians .say they are plenty of them. There are red deer too. and we often came acro.ss wolves. There is an al'undance of fur-bearing animals, such as the beaver, marten, fox, mink and others." ' i I 1 ,.^.. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) // ^ ^yt^ 1.0 I.I ISO '"^™ 1^ ill 2.0 1.8 1.25 1.4 J4 4 6" — ► <^ /a V] .%^-* /. ^ ^. /A '^ Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y, 14580 (716) 872-4503 <^ tA THE TEMISCAMING SETTLEMENT. NORTH-EASTERN ONTARIO. ConunenL-inK at Mattawa un.l goini^ nci-thward up the Ottawa the course of the river io tlirough a rough and precipitous country of onnss and s>^>nite rocks. In the first 14 miles of the journey there are four rapids, calle. the Dcmicharge, tlie Caves, the Erables and the Mountain rapids, ihe total tall is 28 feet. Then commences a stretch of about 20 miles of deep water navigation, through what is called Seven Leagm; Lake. Soundings show that tlu. w^ater here is sometimes 400 feet deep. At the head of Seven League Lake, a tomiidable rapid, the Long Sault commences. Through it the river maki^; a long and violent leap of seven^uid a ((uarter miles during which it de.scen3 S54 2 010 1 91-0 0.3:^1 3 CBS ^:^trogeu in cl- y - O.ICO pei cent. ■rue abov„ ^^yf *«»- t,,at tj>e clay l^-^^:"^^::^ Means of Access. The oasl™t«ay to U. ■^-"-'"■"/j -f^'-™' t SST^a by Trnt Mattava station of tb.- V"'»'''"^.^;^;,u"c ^d^ZligW tva.nways round the running on th» water stretclios * ^Sf," ' '^'^^u" fronfMattaxva along tlie east differe,^ rjvpids. A bne o ^ -^^^^ t „ ' to ot on'" all these rapids and land the clay Shuttie- ph: veiage. 1.706 74.770 3. '70 0.283 5 710 4 000 0.247 202 6i>3 S54 2 010 1 'Jt-O 0.3:^1 3 C6S 100. ric acid »ind )il iniglit be )n. s from the )y steam ere /s round the oDjr the east ds, and land btless in due direct means f the Toronto At and lai( Lorrair Bucke, Hudsoi Dymoii Harris, Casey, Harley Bucke, Dymor Tl settlers yearly A( purcha every twenty the fol upon t Hucli k in fore the da the coi such tl such ti those { purpos ur[)OHfH — \nAuay. iir[)ost'H — 1(1 ciVHily i<; cicckH. iuul Mill two Hinall !^, Oil {'on- ce of the nice and the |)r(!H- riiieipally liwt'Hterly 200 feet, J in vast 31- all tlie stone and 1(1 appar- in nthusiastic description f the country in the Uni'pire. "I am satisfied from what T saw and h'-ard dui'ing my visit to Ontario's New North that as soon as it becomes generally known that there are in tliat region, less than 300 mili's north of Toronto, in a straight line, hundi'edf ,)f thousands of acres of land, of as tine a (piality as any in Canada, whicli settlers can secure for liftv cents an acre, there will be a rush thither such as this province has not seen in years I do not mean to say tliat this new land will offer any attraction or a I'Xcite interest on the Ontario side until the Montreal river is ri'ache(l. Here on a point of land is a cluster of substantial looking farm housi's, the lioMings of several industrious Swedes, who settled there snme 69 yarn ajjo. T'n- liiiid lit-n i> ills is of <;;<)( »! ipiality iiiiil fair crops hH' Ht*fun'(l. Tlie Montreal river risL's in the nortlieni j)art of the diHtriet <>f AI;;oma and in plaei'H is a hroud, rapid river. After many turning and a tnrhuient career it comes in almost a strnij^lit line from the northwest, ann jnsl Lefore it loses itself in LaUe Temiseumiiiif it is crowded into a ^orj^e l(i feet vviile ami l+O '.eet ileep, a siifht well worth seeing. The settlers here seem Well to do. They are comfor- tii'ily honsed and there is an air of prospi-rity ahont the place which spealv. D. A, Johnston, who is enthusiastic about the country, atid hopes some day in the near future to administer to a lar^iv parish then'; with praise\*orthy eneijry he is losing no time in preparing for his congregation. A church has recently been con- structed. " A consideral>le ai'ea in '•.he townships of Hucke, Dyniond and Harris has been taken up, Few know that there is surveyed land running from hnver Temiscaming, 50 miles north to tl:e height of land, and .SO miles across at its widest part. Twenty-tive townships are plotted, and six have their boun larios defined. Nearly all" tlie water front sections from Haih-ybury around bv Wahbe's bay to'^the mouth of the Blanche river have been tiken up, but I think that the laiid l>ack from th<; lake is to be preferred, as it is not exposed^ to the overflow when the lake ri«es in the spring beyonrn shore of Lake Superior, like the bleached skeleton of a onc(! fertile country, their incredulity is not so remarkable. " There is nothing here but I'ock," they assert, " we must go on to .Manitoba's fertile plains." The farther west they can locate, the better some of them seem to like it, and many are contt>nt to live lives of solitude and isolation, far from markets and far from i-ailroad conununication, while regions near at hand {)ossessing the.se advantages, and others as well, are passed over. They too often ose sight of the fact tliat there is a distance limit from one's market beyond which the raising of agricultural products ceases to be profitable. Now, the tirst question the interested reader will naturally ask is : What is the Wabigoon country like ? What are its advantages ? The casual traveller, not especially interested perhaps in the products of the soil, may not remark from the car winlowthat the region differs very materi- ally from the country he has recently been passing through. The light gi-owth of poplar, spruce, jack pine and tamarac interspersed with blackened stumps, presents nothing new. But if he be a close observer, he will certainly see that the railroad cuttings, instead of running through sandy, gravelly soil, or the solid rock as heretofore, now pass through a clay deposit, indicating that the formation of the country has undergone a complete change. Then let him leave the train, and, wading through the underbrush, climb to the top of the nearest elevation ; let him look to the north, the south and the east and the west, and he will see a vast extent of unbroken, rolling country, dotted here and there with clumps of small timber with a light growth of underbrush between, so light, in fact, that hundreds of acres lie there almost ready for the plow. But more than this, there is not a rock, not a stone even, to be seen anywhere. The Soil. Generally speaking, the «oil consists of a strong clay of greyish color, changing in lowei- lying sections to a clay loam, or occasionally even lighter soil. It is wonderfully free from stone, and pulverizes readily when turned to the sun and air. Referring to the (juality of the land, the surveyor says : — " The soil is mainly composed of clay and clay loam of excellent (juality. The Wabigoon river, a tine stream about two chains in width, flows in a devious course for about thirteen miles through the township which is well drained and watered by numerous small creeks and springs, in addition to which there are three lakes. Fully seventy-five per cent, of the whole township is well adapted for agricultural piirposes ana the greater part being covered oidy by open lirul^ the necessary clearing would be easily accomplished. Patches of open prairie of considerable extent also occur in many places, thus further reducing the usual ill with the ent of live low stored ne, taking leason wan rd, barley in extent d perhaps :ky waste i bleached :. " There la's fertile em to like far from • at hand • too often et beyond What is roducts of !ry materi- ht gi-owth 3d stumps, ly see that oil, or the y that the him leave he nearest est, and he there with so light, in more than yish color, ighter soil, to the sun nt quality. I a devious Irained and li there are ell adapted open lirul^ II pvairie of g the usual ( in\ KKNMKNT I'loNKKIi FaKM IJrii.lHN-s AT W A llli in; IN . |{a1NV l{|\Ki! UlslH IrT, FaI.I.s (IN TllK \\'aH1i;i">N i{l\KK. '^Ai WM NaMTHAI. S'I'ATK ok I'HK Ceil NTIiV i>N I'ld.NKKlt FaU.M AT W AP.ICOON. ScKNK'oN Ki.IIOW LaKK, IJaINV l{l\Kli DlSTHlCT. 78 labors of the future pioneers in preparing farms for cultivation. Owing to the comparatively level character of tlie surface of the land and the absence of heavy timber, the roads in the township would generally be easily constructed. The township of Van Korne is thus described in the surveyor's report : " This township is in general rolling, with very few hills of over 100 feet high : frequent fires have overrun so that all the timber of value has been destroyed, except two small patches of spruce and tamarac in tlie south-west (piarter, leaving parts of the township completely bare, but the larger portion is covered by a thick growth of small poplar, jack pine and birch. Tlie soil consists of a fine white or grey clay, with anuis of sandy loam. This clay and loam is mostly in the northern and central parts and occupy about one-third of the township. They will, I think, make valuable farms, easy to make ready for the i)lough, as the ground is almost completely clear of timber. The balance of the townsiiip consists chiefly of rolling hills of rock with swamps intervening. The township is well watered, several large bays of Lake Wabigoon reach well into the centre ami the River Wal)igooii runs north tlirough the fourth, fifth and sixth conce.ssions, besides there are several small streams of goom agricultural district has to obtain nearly all its food supj.lies frjeptio value rei pine and overrun and the has beer com para No the adjf year, it the Cai from sic 75 y that the It is not ner in the YAH are all if'iiig indi- lied in the btained in e pi'otects r desirable ost advan- oor of the tion. Eat ■hiding the riot, has to market for he C. P. R. [' this kind R. and the and other I are only itness here ir the Seine ken up and ve, a large er. At the vicinity of .oynient for n river and tlet for the ics. At the mient farm, 1)0 provided cinity shall I'al develop- id develop- r-cstiniated. iy the river ' fall, which •aph. This, ly of power .t this point Information for Settlers. Four townshiy)s have hcfii snrvi'ycd and opciiril for location in connfction with the Wahigoon district, viz.: Wuinu riirjit, Van Hornt-. Ktoii and Ruglty. The lands in the two tirst named townaliijis have all lieen allocated, and, in order to meet the ever-increasing demand for locations, the townships of Kton and Rugby were sui-veyed during the summer of IS!)(i, and, in March of l.S!)7, wi're duly opened for' location by Order in Council. At the time of writing, 20,000 acres have been purchased, or applied for, chiefly in Wainwright iiml Vnn Horne, and this area represents about eighty-two applicants who will with their families become actual settlers. Judgiu'i from the in(|uiries that continue to be made, there will d(mbth'.ss be a large inllux of settlers into the district during the s])ring and .summer of 1S97. About 2,j00 acres have been applied for as niineial lands in Van Home, and within ,st-ven miles of Dryilen eighty gold claims have l)een taken up, chieHy in the southwestern part of Van Horne township, and on the western arm of lake Wabigoon. Five .shafts are l)eing snid< at the pri'sent time. For the convenience of settlers, eiirht and a half miles of colonization road have been built by the Government, and the settlers themselves have budt an additional Hfteen miles. Tlie bridge across the river at Dryden will be completed during tlu' spring of 1807. Westward from the bridge, a road will he constructed by the (Joverninent to open up the township of Eton. The Townships of Eton and Rugby. Mr T B Speio-ht O.LS., .speaks as follows of the township of Eton in his report : "This township is bounded on the east by the township of WMinwriuht, on the north by the township ot Rugby and on the south and west bv lands of the Crown, at present unsurveyed. \\ ith the excep- tion r,f a few rockv ehn ations in concessions V and VI.. nearly the whoh'^surface is undulating aiKf rolling, thus aflbrding good facihti.'s for drainage. Ihe soil is mainlv composed of clav and clay h.am of excellent quality, and there is scarcely a lot wliich does not contain enough ^ood land to make a fair si/ed farm, bully 75 per cent, of the total area is well a. hm Mr A H. MaclouHl. < l^'^' ^'"'^ .l.'scrih.-H tl.r tcwuHlnp of lu,;jl.y: U." south, iwlsontl,.ast pnTtio,. ,.f the township is in f...MH;al ^vntiy rolhuK wi ' - r," hills of nH-k: in tlu- north and northwest it .s ,n the greater part . v o . 'l ' -onsistin,' ehieHvof hi^^h hills of rock. w,th n.uske^Minrl small pa el . ofcl V ihesc^t c.nsi'sts of a .n.e winte elay coven..;,' n.ost ..f the southea t p'.rtS.. n is is al...osi elea.- of ti.nhev and in mont places can be eamly ina.lo ready for the plow. , . , .■ The t..vv..ship is well wHt...vd ; there a.v six lakes, el.ieHyn. the northeiM, part- the lar.rest Peliean lake, ooeupies ahont four n..les lon^ u. t .e no.tl.eas. SnJ. a..d .:;tends a lo,., way oA of the tow..ship ; f»'';-t»^t ^ ,^'- 'f '^:^;: Pelican river a slu.nnsh stream aho.it on" chain wide hy tl.i-ee teet 1-^1;^^^'' claXks^^^^^^^^^^ water is ...uch disc.. lore.l, ti.ially e,..pty,njr into \V ah, ^om river. 'There is no timber of a.,y value in the township, the south part ha Len co.npletely burnt an.l the rest is c<.vered by s.nall .lead ^'-'^/l^K^'^^^th ' ' pine pophi.-, sprue.. a,..l i.. «ene.-al fn.ni o..e t.. hve u.d.es thick, very mucl d , yl-U.. tha\ a la,.,, number are blown ..lown by every storm ; the only exeep tion to this is in a few swan.ps a,..l musk.-s, c.vere.l by green ««««^"^ Svowtb a 1 scrub. Game was ■•ather plentiful, a number ot moose was seen and laigo nu...- hers of partridges a.i.l pin tailed grouse." The Town Plot of Dryden. Attache.l is the ...ap of the town site just south of the Government far... A sidinrr has been built bv the Oanadia.i Pacific Railway at th.i, point, to which the railway company refpiested to be allowe.l t.) give the naine of "Dryden, aiul the town will be called by the same name. It is expected that a station will I* built at an early day. The t.)wn plot is v.'rv advantag.'ously situate.! on level land and adjacent to a tine water power suitaV)le for manufacturing purposes. More than forty town Iocs have been s.>l.l, an.l eighteen buil.lings erected, with others to follow, llieiv are already two stores, a post-.^tiice, a blacksmith shop a.ul a good boardmg hou^^' in the i)lace A small saw an.l shingle mill is in operation within the hunts ot tlif t..wn site Tt is likely that ..ther i.idustries will follow. The price of tow;n lots isSlO exc.'pt for cornel- lots an.l l.)t8 on Queen street, where the price is »Jo. The n.')i-th half of the lot adjoining the town on the east has been reserved tor town purp.)ses shoul.i it be n^tule.l. The town of Dryden should not be contuse, with that of "Wabigoon," .situated about twelve miles to the east at the other emi of lake Wabigoon. Drv.len not only has the bulk of the agricultural land in the Wabigoon CO mtrv at the back of it, but is likely to become to some extent a mining an.1 manufacturing centre. Water power privileges are now being sought tor ti.e purpose of running a stamp-mill for gold ores ; also for flour and saw milb:. A steam tug is necessary at Dryden, both for towing logs for building pur- poses from across lake Wabigoon and also for taking supplies to the mining camps Pi-..bably this want will soon be met as it is understood that tour or ti\ f tun-s will ply upon the lake from various points during the coming summer. 1 his win place the settlers around Dryden in direct communication by water witl. tli.' Manitou mining region, the .listance to be travelled being about forty miles. The lake »ut ■" 'U in( coii • g season Wabigof>n —a The stab- vegetables w.i tied. During along the line and n.h.ers w Men to V liver district, will afford w( There ai sons of farm may be they il.h-r settle.l see but little :ire who, owi u rented fa sons, with a homes for tl .)cated at W well-nigh in tand in the settlers of tl soon surely ^ short time ii The Go and to preve unproductiv con.lit'.ons: UJO acres, bi acres; that t ance in thre will be iv.pl purchased, i this has bee uicmths in e; paid for the The Su 1 )ryden, On tion ai.il as.'' Iiominunicat 77 pmiri*^ f<>\v lul in r9 |irl»v : " Tilt' liii^ witli 11 r part very uill ])at('hi's It' Hoiithcast easily inadt' lu; nortliL'i'ii lie northeast ' this lake 18 t lec^p witli [ into Wahi- uth part has Trowth Jack , very niucli : only excop- trrowth aiul I largo nuiii- Mining Prospects, Tho lake Manitouani! lake Wal)i;;iM)n ^'ol'.l HeMs an- of .•x^' promise lUt •' 'U men are now employe'! there in mininjj operations and (liwinj; the the numlieririay h' trehled. The rivei ^ season WaVn'Mon —a distance of altout a mili hetween Drvden and lake nment farm int, to whicl Orydon," am ation will be d adjacent to n forty town illow. Thert" ardinjf hou^^e limits of tlie of town lots price is Si-')- 1 reserved for it be confused the other end ;he Wabigoon a mining and aughi- for the Av milh: building pur- to the mining ;it four or five inmmer. This mter with til'' ty miles. is perfectly navignble. The statemei\t that an excellent market for dairy proihice, fresh tiieat and ve«-etables would be found in the mining and huiilier camps is being amply veri- tied. During the winter of lH!)(i-7 aliout 800,000 railway ties were taken out aloni' the line vmX there was also a hnnlier camp near Manitou lake. Axe men iindTniners were in demand, as were men and teams. Men to work on mining properties are in demand all through the Rainy river district Building opeiations and nmd and bridge construction at Dryden will afford work for a liniited nund)er of settlers. The Class of Settlers Watted. There are in Ontario to-dav many capable and industrious young men, the sons of farmers, whose pan-nfs are unable to puicl.a.s.. farms for them; or it nav l>e they have a little capital at their disposal, yet tind it impossible m the old'er settled districts to procure land cheap enouglv to suit their pockets and !see but little prospect of obtaining farms and homes of then' o\vn. Others there are who owing to the d.'pres.sed state of agriculture, tind it well nigh impossible oil rented farms to make ends meet. Good, soli.l Ontario farmers and farmers sons with a little capital at their command, and anxious to seeur.- unencunibered homes for th.'mselves-these are th.- settlers the l)..partment would like to see locat.'d at Wal.iin.on. S.'ttlers totally without means are bound to meet obstacles well-niLdi impos'^sible to overcome. Sueh are not only helpless themselv..s, but stand in the wav of tlu- progress an.l prosperity of the district. A tew intelligent settlers of the class in.licated. if U)c-ate.l on tlu- land and pro.sperous, as they would soon surely be, would induce others to follow their example, an.l result in a veiy short time in a thriving settlement being established. How Land May be Secured. The Government, V,eing anxious to reserve the land for the l)ona fide settler, and to prevent it falling into the han.ls of speculators where it might remain lnn>v2^ct\ve to the dal-inient of settlement, have deeded upon the following .•ondifons: That the amount of land each applicant may purchase shal not exc-^-ed KiO acres, but if a head of a family, he is allowed to mcmise ns purchase o 240 acres ; that the price paid shall be fifty cents p.-r acre, one-fourth .1- .wn, and the bal- ance 1. three eoual annual instalments with mterest at s,y -n-r cent. ^ .^-f^'^ w n be ..quired to clear and put under cultivati<.n at east ten P- eentj_ of the land Murchased! and to erect a habitable house of not less tl-.an l(.x2() feet li. n 1 [his has been done, and the purchaser has resided on the land tor • I months in each of the three years, or for two years continuously, anu y I paid for the same, he may obtain his patent. The Superintendent at the Pioneer Farm, Mr. A. R Annis, whose post office is Drvde On will act as land agent, an.l will be found p.vpaiyd to give intorma- iiZt'd-uI^stance t.. those rehiring it, an.l inten.Ung purchasers shoul.l com- I communicate with him. 78 The Crops In 180c Mr Am.isiv.K.rts tlir crups .... tl.r [.i. v fa.-in ii. IHiMi ns folloWH : Fall wh.'at. iM\v.s....'s(;..M.M. Clu.ir. tw.-nty to tNNHi.ty-Hv.- l..i.sl...|s |«.r iiciv ; L<.l<.fa.lu Hpvin-' wl.;'al al.....t tw...tv: ll.iTisui.'s l.mnl.'.l aLmit twrlv.; ; harley, a hur cn.p, oats 7,<...... Tl..' cluv...' i..' fall wl.rat.sow.. Mth May, ut t...... ..tn.tt...- wheat wan in lull l.luon,, a lot of it two to two a...l ......lialf tV.-t In-I.. I lit- ti.i.ot .y ii. wheat was alsw head.-.l o.it. Tl..' ••Inv..- was cit twic- il.is s...iso.., fh." hrst c-roi. alM.ut two tons a.i.l tl..' srn....l oi... ton [nv aciv, 1 utatocs yirl.!...! 2l.i l.usl.ds per acre Ti.rnips an-l ear.-ots will 0-7 was not so trtvorahle uh last, the aeas<.n dosiuLr np earlier and the s..ow ffiil hein- .Irrpr.' thm. usual. Still, a great deal ..f pl.'a.sant weather was en.i<.ye.l. in l.S!tr, the plow .stopped i-u..n.ng on Noveinhe.' 5th, a. id h. ISOU on Octohei- !7th. Reduced Fares. It is cxpeetiMl thiit those drsi.'in^' t.. iin'soiially in.spect the \Vahi;;oon counti-y with the view of i.urchasinu' „ location n.ay he ahle to ol-tain reduced fares from th.' Canadian Pacific Railway Canpany. The special C.P.K. ca.e-way rate to Dry.h-n is 5?17 all rail, or SI.) hy rail and hoat. It is o,ven only to bona fide settlei-s Th..s.' desiri.ij,' to avail theni.selves of it should ap].ly to the Assist- ant (ienerai I'assmuvr A^vnt (A P. H.. Toronto, or to L. (». Ar...sti-ong, C. P. R. Colonization Ajjeiit. Montreal, (.^)ue. As however, .some may not feel di.sposed to exijeiid the money necessary to enable them to view the n.iint.y before decidi.io- to locate, the Dei.artment would advis." that wheivver a number of pc.'s.ais in the same neijrhborhood are anxious to ol)tain fu.-ther information, thev shoiiM select (u.e of their number to act as a laml exi.lorer in their behalf, each contributing' his propo.-tion to the exjienses _ot the trip. This p. ■.•.son could then visit the country and report to them its suit- ability to their individual reipiiremeiits. , ^ , , it should i)e understo(.*tmfXifnxriiepf?^.*^ , inaie «r fenmTe 160 aems of land, and if he desires will sell him an additional eighty a res ^ t>ini"«,. „„ "'" 'ThTsurvovs n„«le in 1870 l.y th« l)..mi„i..M (lovrrnm..,.. (.n, tl,. on. milo )c« seUk-nu^^ an.l cultivation ,nay, l>y Or.l.r in Cour.cil. 1» a,,proi„-.at.,l as hv.o Grants upon the ti'iiiis .spuciticd. Colonization Roads and BrldpreB. Since the settlen.ent of the Boundary -pu'^tion. the Ontario novonnuent h,tH ftuict uii ni i^t ,.,..,„r.lin.r tlif coustruct ou of ( 'oioni/ation roads ind adopted a d.era poinds ^^^^^^^^^ " ^ ^,^,. ,,^^^ ^,,.^ bnci^es '';;''';,;:Xdi.;^ lit r^^ viz.: ti;;. Rat Portap yc.ars on ^''.^'"X^}'''^^ ^^^ and White Fish Lake Koad, and the S^i;:^ ^;^;;; .! t Ji;n'::Vn;;^ld'>rin, loeantles ; the see,.nd is about thn^y 1 I, h1 l..-uls to the .nvat siver niinin^r .listnci m tlu' neij,dd)orhood ot and !' ' P^ Monnt^^^^^ the third is son.e srventy iniles in length and S::' 'leellu^:; Rainy Riv:.r on the Cana^>^^-^ "->< outlets of the Wiinnpeg Rwer. ^^^^^^ ti;.. .^e f±-^:;^-z t^rz':z:7\^^^:^T^^ 'T'i'^ '"ts;; 00 t^.r ' NV ^^^^ "' -I'litior. to S(5,500 fen- tlu- extension r re^i;; S'ro^^di li: tile Vabi^^^n and Rainy River agricultural districts. Centres of Population . Rat Porta.H- is the principal town of the distiiet. It has a p.^pulation of the prosperity ot Rat Poitagt, '^^ ^ * . ^ ^ ^,f Keewatin is the in Canada, with a capacity of 2,000 banUs . ' '•> • ^^^ , jf, , , ^ 400,000 favorably known as suimner resorts. if tliiH v tho ^} iro . Th.- fall is iH-autiFul an.l Novemher all through about the best month of the year. The winter is very .hy.th.- sn<.w loose.yet it seldom .Irifts. Hon. A. S. Hardy. Hon A S Hardy. Pivmi.T an.l Att..vuey-(i.'n.'ral .)f Ontario, said in an i„tervi.-w printe.l in i\n' (lh,l„' eoneernin- tlu- Ilainy riv.T stretch : "It .s of parall.-led f.-rtilitv. I kn.,w of n.. stn-tch .. ...t^d.ty miles in Ontario that can compare with it in riehn.>ss or fertility of s.,il. It is easily cleaivd the timber up.,n it hein^ of seeon.l cjr.nvth, an.l the stump.s are easily remo-. -m I,. ndeeji c u" on rea.lily in about thre.. y.'ars fr.an the clearinjr. It is capable of s s aini..- r,0(),000 people, perhaps m..re. Tlu- crops an- unitorm y o th.- best S V wheat . m.nin/^ from MO to 8.5 an.l 40 bushels per acre an. other grains ™ I Iwtv.- never seen early s.'ttlers more comh.rtable^ Conceinmg t Ic c t 'y ravorsed bv the Port Arthur an.l W.-stern Railway. H..n. Mr. Hardy sahl was deli.d.t...l to Hn.l that th.- railway ran throuKli some very rich farinin.'lan.Is The valley of the Kaininisti-iina an.l nrtlK-r west an.l so.itb of le Whit.H h v^^ show some as Hne soil as is to b.. foun.l in many of the the Wint tis va y ^ , ^y^, ,„,y ^..^e and there crops re ar.' some thin.l bv practical farmers, because we think it we can raise a -o^jd crop be un.li,isuK-.i «n I .,,„..)■,,,, (Wn .'rows up there much better than in of cl.>v..r we c.n f^^^^^^^^t ^chiM which had been sown on 7th June. rr'" h^v'^l^rro. t Id r ^i^I^U as .ood as I saw anywhere in Ihey ha e ^n- 'o H • ^^^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^ey can grow two u.y travels In ad.litDu t) iu.it ^^^^ ^^^^^ roadside like ^rnlm'^n: "nd ha:^nre7l;^:of i^ unhear.l .. ;;|-^« /own here. TlL; clXVrovv- go.>d barley and spring wheat and vegetables of all kinds. i K4 Th.-He tl.inCH h-inij .'stahUHhod, I coin.; to tin- cuncluHion tluit tluTo ih tho oppor- tunity tlH.r. fur thr ,.ro.luctum ofliv. Htuok uh proHtably uh anywhor. in tho lW.no,.. It .noa...s that it Ik a ^oo.! >hury\u^ (■ou,.try an.l .t I w.r. n, far.Mor in that (listi-iet I wouM •li'V«)ti' myn^i to that h.-am-h ot tanmi.};. Mr. James Oonmee, M.P.P. Mr Janu'H (^onin.'.-, M.l'.P. foi- W.'hI Al^n.ua, myn : ' Tlu. l.rJt of ^ood hu..l in not ronti.u.i to th. vali-y of th. .•ivo.^ »mt .xt...dH ...nth.aHterly ah,..K t^ h^ Hhor.. of th." Lako ..f the \Vo.><1h. an.l for a consuim. .1.. .hstanc.. a <...« th.' ..o.th- ,'n, shop, of llainv lak.-. I .'sti.nate th. a-.-io..lt,nal h.lt a,s i'.,ua to a., a.ra ot 140 niU.s in length hv 40 unLs in width, o,- 4,0H*.0()0 acr.s. There are o her va ley of excelle.,t l.m.l, but ..one ho hu-^. as the Hau.y .nver va ley. The vaheys o the Kawawia^rauu«a,..lSei..e,-ive,-s en.ptyi..^^ ...to I au.y lake 1m. h cmtan. tvil Jvas of a^^icult.i.-al l...n.l. The san.o is true of (Jrassy a...l other nvers enintvinu- into Lake of the Woofls." Mr Wm Margaoh. Mr. WiUiani Marc,mch, Crown Timber A^ent at Rat Po.-tage. in a ivcent intervic ,v says : — A ^reat cha...'e has eon.e ovr th." Rainy River Dist.yt .h.rinc; the past few v.>a.-s m.tonlybv'inat.u-al ineivase in populatio.,, hut alar-.' .neiv.is.' ot p.-ac- ticaf .-..■.•«; ^riH. r..vnt i.Mn.iorati..n t.. the Rive,- has be,-,, lai^'-ly from OntarOof .-xperienc.-.l farn.e.-s, an.l as a .vsnlt then, hav.- b..en ...... v „np,-. . ve- me s .luri,..^ 1... last th.v.- yea.-s than .h.rh.K the ten v.-ars he ...v. A ^nst n..l is i CO rse".,f .■.vetio,. at E.no, whe.v the.e is a thr iv.ng v. aj,M> w.th a hotel an.i two general sto.-es Another villa,,., is ^n-ow.nj,^ at Pin.. R.ve.-, wl.ero there are afso hotels an.l sto.vs, and ..tl.er s..ttlen,ents are lorn....- at conve,.u.nt points. R^.-ardin- lab..,-, M.". Margach asserts that theiv is no part of Ontario where higher w.-es are paid f..r labor tha.. ah.ng the Rah.y R.ver. Th.. lumber ca.nps em,i..y fr.nn 500 \ n.en ..ve.-y wh.te,-, a.,d there .s labor tor the horses in the cani])s in haulin- lo-s and ties. The.-e is ..o pa,l of the River that is not fairly well supplied with schools and the sch..olho!.s..s have bee., built sufficiently la.-e t., enabl.. th,Mn to be used Hscl.rches Th.. 0..v..n,.....nt has for y.-ars spent la,-e sun.s i.,r colonization mids s fast as s..tllenu.,.t h,Ls war.-a,.t..d, and the w.>rk ,ipon th..H.. has be.... per- •onne. by tl... s..ttl..,-s after their spring far... work is co.npleted. D.innK the 8U,n.n..r.;f 1S!)7, ov..r S'-'4/«)00 is to b.. ..xiH.n.l..d on ..(.hm./.ation and n.nung roa.ls, which will furnish well re.nun...-ate.l lab..r for a large ..umber ot n.en a.id teams. As to the cr.)ps, >).•. Margach asse.-ts that there has been ..o failure, for th« nast five veai-s Th.' g,-..und is easily eh-are.!, being lightly tm.bered. a.i.l although Sons^of th..lan.lisw..t,the fact that the river is so much lower than ds K^nks ...akes .l,-ai,.ag.. co,..parativ...ly easy. 8tu...ps are re...oved wthout d.ffi- c iv An evidence of tlu. prosperity of the far.,.ers on the Ca..ad,an sule ol U.e rivM-is ha.l in the fact that they use the most impiw... tar... .nachineiy And there is l.^ts of g.>od knd left, added Mr. Margach. The ajjncuUural lands of inileH. .rood 85 oppor- I in tlio fannor )0{\ liiiid <)\\^ tho i" north- iin-a of i*e other » valleyH contain ;r rivers a recent past few of prac- >ly from iinprove- rrist mill h a hotel 'r, wliere mvenient io where {'V cainps lior.seH in h hcIiooIb he used oni/ation betin per- iriiij; the 1 mining men and •e for th« although • than its hout diffi- ide of tiie ry. And A lands of the Rainy River DiHtrict are not miiIv as fertile as any to he found m Ontario, and they will yet he the homes of a iar>,'e and prosperous eonnuunity, especmlly when the railway taps Rainy lake and river from the south and east. Means of Aooeas. R,it Porta .11 the Canndi.iii Paeitie at the northern .■xtremity of tlu' Lake <.f thi' Woods fs the point to iiim fo/. It \<* distant hy rail fn.m Toronto 1,154 miles, Frcmi Rat Portage t.. Rainy hake is 180 miles. The Rainy rner is 80 miles lonir and the len^rtl, of the Lake of the W Is from nortl. to south is 1 < • miles. The st.'amhoat fare for an adult from Rat l'..rta},'e to Rainy Lake is !?4. Five new steamers have recently heen placed on this naite. Extracts from the Press. Alnomn Pioneer: "There is a farmer in the township of Parkinson who moved "in there three yeai-s ap. without one «lolhir. He now informs me that lio has forty acres cleared, and the last year he lais.'.l 100 hushels ot f^ood wheat, a trood crop of oats an.l peas, OOO bushels of turnips an.l :350 hushels ot potatoes. He has ten hea »"".*>1 '^^ ^ fnd pigs run outStll summer in the pasture. I sold eighteen young pigs this spring at 8'> a pair. Interview with Mr. Archibald Blue, director of the Bureau of Mines. He sav« tiVat the pi m •.• farmer at r..rchwo..d who has been hunter, rapper and SmIrUiilv/or fourteen years, claims that he cut this y--.xt^-Uht^ns o re.l clover off a meiusured seventeen acres, and having sold ^b* ^^holy>t it he H() thirtv-tivo Imslicls pel- aciv. eijrht miles iii wnllh, w Liircliwoixl is in the niicMle nf a tine licit of laud (th -ii'lcs of tlu! Ver- hicli stivtehes thirty niilcs aioiij milion. The soil of this tract is ncli alono- tlic railway, but cs]>ccially aroin aiul Ji thriviuji' Mcttlcincut is (rrowiiij,' uj) il Cliclmsford. Oats, peas and clover arc tl le princi])al croj never saw ''i> Ml lUue more luxui iant clover for an aftermath at this time o threshed 1,000 tmsliels irum thirty acres.' f the year,' and as for peas, I was told of one farmer who The repoi Mr. S. J. DawHov's Description. t <.f Mr. S. .). Dawson, in 1874 (then eiioineer in c harge of the dis- trict)' fullv'corrolH.rates tlu- viev^ of the two en-inent"authorities already (luoted Hu says' -'Alluvial land of the best description extends along tlie banks_ ot Rainy Kiver in an unbroken stretch of seventy-tive or eighty miles from Kamy Lakcf to tlie Lake of the Woods. In this tract, where it borders on the river, there is ii<.t an acre unsusceptible to cultivation. At intervals there are old ,ark- likc> Indian clearings, partly oversprea.'. with oak and elm. which, alti ough they havenatnrallv sprun- up, have the appearance of ornamental plantations. _ • The whole district is covered with for.'sts, an-1--;, ;^-\ ^ ^ only recentlv that the difficulties seem to have been success hilly ^f^^^^^ developmenl bek.ngs to the future. The deposits near Sudbury also aie attidct- ng attention, l>ut%annot yet be called mines. On the nortli .shore of Lake Superior the Empress mine is undergoing developm..nt, and is ot good promise. Attention is, however, specially directed at present to the main KoW rogum of Ontario, which extends for more than two hundred and fifty miles tiom Moss townsldp westward, and has been proved to be at least a hundred and thirty n 1 1^ lide, bAwe< . the Litth. America mine just south of the -^l'^^^^;^';^''^:^ in Minnesota and lake Minnietakie twenty miles north of the ^^^"'^;l'' ' ^f \<^J RailwaN' Here the number of locations, usually ot forty acres ^'*^f ' '^'^'; P fur gold mining purposes within th. last f.mr year runs mt*) the hundreds. Many of these will of course not prove workable mines: but, on the other hand, new hnds ar." constantly being nmde, so.netimes in quite new localities, .sometimes in ri^ions suppo.sed to havi- been well explor.-d years ago. In general the goM bearing veins occur in green chlorite and Imn.blendic schist probably of Hunmian (Keewatin) age, and are of a bedded or lenticula: kind: but sonu.tin..s they are found in inasses of eruptive gntmte or gnj.s. which have pushed their way up thn.ugh the Huronian sc usts In the lattei ^se the veins are connnonl/ true fissures, and may be lollowed tor consider- able distances. of iinportanc con 111 i-itlier case the contact of an eruptiv roek with schist seems since the best veins an found within a mi le or two of such itact. In addition to gold bearing veins there are deposits of other kinds which M IMS,: Siivii. Svvv I'.ii.i. Kmm; diicii^ gold. There is every reason to expect that this will prove axei) piohtable mine.* The Fercruso i mine is situated northeast of the Foley mine, m the same area of .n-aite on locations ALllO, HI and K22:i This property is owned by the Seim Riv;.- (Jold Mines Company of Englaml, which is at present doing mainly ex orhK^ work. HMiere are sev.^ral veins ranging from a loot to three feet or men n wi.lth and traceable for hundreds of fe.t. On the D,usy veni twoshaf s h been sunk to a d.-pth of Hftv fe.'t, and sinking luul been b.-un .... the Govei - me . ve .'s t the ti.ue of our'visit, rich specimens co.ning from the latter ore " y. the Finn vein, one of the wi.lest, a, sluxf t had b.e.. sunk seventy t..t The work thus fa,T don.- shows that the veins are not usually ye.y w.de, but that th"ve is in the aggregate a large amount of f airly ri ch ore nvai table. *The mill is now running steadily and pn)du<«ng (rold. 90 The oiilv other property in tlie re<,n()ii re([uiriii^f s])eeial iiieiitioii is the Lucky Coon or lliliier uiiiie, on GSHP, where a sluift has heeii sunk to the (h'pth of ahout fit'tv feet oil one of the veina and a tive-stainp mill erect a-^'aiiiHt H^lverae cir- ciiniHtaiR'i'H, thin r'.ickv and cii.'rKetic mine owner is reapin^r a solid reward m the s' ai)(« of a .nvat 1 xU- nf rich .juart/. in places 40 feet wide, and alrea.ly tolLnverl nioiv than three hni'idred feet in d.^pth. Nearly a thousan.l feet of drdtn.j; have be.'n done, and tliere in ore enouj,di is sight to keep the well-equipped ten-stamp mill or oiu> double its si/e, ruiniin^^f<.r vears. Thv ore bosting mining dev.dopment of the year is to be found on a western shoal lak.., thirtv-iive mil.'s from Rat Portage and about ten miles east of the boundary of Manitoba. The Mikado miiu>, found l>y nn In.lian a year a.ro, has lu'en purcllas.'d for $25,000 by a London company under the chairman- shil) of t\)l W. T. Kngledue, an.l has be,.,, wo,-ke,l snthctently to show that the ore is very rich, though not enough sinking has been done to ju-ove th.' extent ot the .leposit. The .luart/ contains a va,-i.'ty of sulphis.' refractory minei-als; but probably two-thirds ot the gold tn^u- tents are free milling, thi" g.'.M occurring as thin plates rather than nuggets. The ore treated is the richest found in larg.> .piantities in Ontario, and the ore now on the .himp, after only a few months' work by a small force, contains values suth- cieiit to pay for the mine and a simple e(iuii)ment.j Several other finds of very rich ore have been made in the vicinity of the Mikado, and next sunmier will probably see the development ot an important mining camp in that district. At a number of other points on Lake of the Woods an.l its bays promising finds of .rold have been made, e. g., at Gamp Imy to tiie southeast, but none of them have been worked sufficiently to make sure of their value. Features of Promise in the Gold Regions. Looking at our goM-mining regions as a whole, one is struck by the wide extent over which gold has been found, the variety of depo.sits that occur, the ease witli which they may be reachcl, the free milling character ot most ot the ores, all points in their favor as compared with most gold regions. No iiart of the gold-bearing regions is more than forty n'iles from a railway or steamboat, and mo-t of the mi.u>,s are within a tew miles ot the r'-^^^^ovoi navigable waters. Li winter a road sutficient to take "\^>';f^y "^f ^'.'"^^^V^r? be m^ade without ditficulty to any point in the ivgi.ai, and the Ontario Govern- ment has shown itself liberal in granting assistance to such roads. All parts are readily reached by canoes in summer. Plenty of water of good ouality is found everywhere, an.l wo...l for tu..l,bnil.ling or mm.' timbering almost ev™l^re The r^nou is not an inaccessible .U-se,-t, n.>r cove.vd with malanou^ swamps, nor cut otf fmiu civilization by precipit.)us mountains. Supplies ot all 92 sorts ar' clu-an ; cfHeiont labor can h." obtaiiuid on easy tmns, the labor oj white men, not -f ncj^rocs or Indians ; and litV and property arc as sate as anywhere on the globe. The laws relating to mining and mining locations are simple, an' tinds of gold have been made has greatly increased, and the area ot known gSld-bearing rock has been considerably widened. Many of the properties located will no doubt prove of little value, as is the case in evty mining region of the world; others will not turn out ti) be extensive enough lojustily an inUe- pendent mill, though they may be worked at a profit when within ivach ot a customs' mill ; but it may be looked on as certain that a considriablu number o. ihe locations taken up will eventually prove to be })aying nanes. The Rainy River Gold Fields. The coU fields of the New Ontario, which are attracting so large a degree of attention'kt the present time, are situated in the extreme v. 'st or northwest part of the Province, in the Lake of th" Woods, Rainy Lake. Seine river, Manitou and Wabif'oon rcions. Huronian schists are found alternating with the Laurenlian formations in many parts of these sections, and during the past two years num- berless discoveries of gold have been made, principally in the Huronian rocks, but also to a lesser degree, in the Laurentian or granite. Indeed an area ot aitere. granite or protogine, as it is sometimes called, between Bad Vern-ilion lake and Shoal lake on the Seine river, proves to contain a very large lunnber otauriterous veins, some of which are being worked at the Foley and 1^ ergus.m mines, and elsewhere In the Lake of the Woods seetion, the Sultana gold mine has been producing- liullion steadily for over two years at a hands(.me proht : the Kegma mine is a^so eciuipped with a stump mill in operation, und on _ many other pro- perties active exploration and .levelopmcnt work is bemg curried on. x>." pros- pect is that many explorers will be overrunning the districts during the pr.'sent ieason (1897), und that ere long northwestern Ontario will b.. the scene ot a prosperous and permuneiit gold-mining industry. SN)uld this .'.xpectution be realized, it is not difficult to foresee the very benefice: results ^^■hlch will uccrue to the benefit of farmers along the Rainy river, and in the vicinity- ot the mines. Information as to Mining Locations, etc. Minincr locations in unsurveyed territovy in Nipissing. north of tlu'Mattowa, Lake Nipis'^sing and Frencii River, and in Algoma, Thun.h;r Bay unr(' in sin-vcyed tiirritory 2 50 c. If within six miles of any railway but in unsur- veyed territory ; 2 50 d. If situate elsewlien! in unsurveycd territory 2 00 81 per acre durinj;' the first two yeara, aiid SI per acre during' each remain ini; year. (2) Th. pri.M' p.-i- acr.' of all other Crown lands sold as mining lands or loca- tions and lying so\ith of thi; aforesaid lake and rivers shall be: (I If in a surveyed township and within six miles of any railway o- uu h. If situate elsewhere 1 '^^ In any locality set a|)art by the Lieutenant-Governor in Council, the price may be fixed at a greater sum. Tenure of Locations. The patentee, during the sev.ni years following the issue of the patent, must spend in development SI per acre during the Hrst two years, and SI per acre during each remaining year. Leases of Mining Lands. Miniiu' lands may be leased for ten years with right of renewal for another ten years " Rent in the above-nau-.ed districts for Hrst year SI per acre : succeed- in.r yeai-s 25 cuts i)er acre ; el.sewhen^ ()() cents an acre the Hrst year and 15 cents per acre succeeding years. Such lease can afterwards be renewed tor suc- cessive terms of twenty years. A con.-ved from the sale or lease. It may, how- ever be cut for buildMig, fencing and fuel on the land patented _ As to leSGCCG they can only cut d;-y pine foi- fuel, and before entering up(Mi clearnig, they must ^ive the timber licensee thn-.- months n..tice in writnig ot the mtention to c ear. If lessees wish to cut other timber than pine except for use on the lot apjhca- tion for permission to cut nuist be made to the Connnissioner ot Crown Land.s. Mining Rightss. The owner of the surface rights has priority in respect of the mining rightfi under certain conditions. The pric' of mining rights is 50 per cent, of the rates for the purchase or lease of niine^^l lands. 94 RightB cf DlBcoverer of New Mine TlK. .lisn.von.r of a vi-in or loatent or ?an.l in respect of lands sold or leas,.! pn-vious to 1st Januar.y^ Kthe charge is to be Lse.l on the value of the ore ^^■^-^^^'l^^^ "** raisin},' the sanTe to the surface and its subsequent treatment toi tlu' ma. kit. Bounty on Pig Iron An -'Iron Mini..- Fund" of Sll.'o,()00 has been forn.ed, out of wl.ic). thm. will be ,>aid for ev -ry ton of iron product f.o... ore n.i.jed and snielted .. the Provincl for a pc-riod of Hve years 'fro... 1st July, 1S-.4. the su... of one dollar, to the amount of not more than $25,000 m any one yea.-. P> II iiiilt'H I, ore or SYNOPSIS OF CON IKNTS. PART 1. -KAHTKKN AL(i(tMA AND NoUTII MIMSSING : 1 I aold January, I, jnt. U' of till) liuumry, cost tit' Ket. ell tluTt' il in tlie lollar, to Iiitroiliictirm Agrifiiltiirtil capivhilitiuH Broken cliariictor of Itvntl tho only serious drawbnck Homo iniirki'tH iiiid cniiiloyiiiont niitsido iif^ricnltiiro Extoiit and chiinicturistics of AIkoiiuv imd NiiusHinn CJenoriil iwpoct of tlio country Water everywhere .... Cheiip fuel ftnd building iimtoHal Ah (I dairy and stock country OerealH, gnisHOM and vej;otablo8 Wild fruit lifttitudo of Districts Northern limitH r)f production of cerealH Question of latitude Forest productions Preservation of forests from tire Geology and mineralogy Elevation of the lakes and country River systems of Algoma and Nipissing Educational facilities .... Partly cleared farms for sale Means of access Fish, game and wild iinimals, and fishery laws Census stntictics Municipal statistics Agricultural statistics Viilue of farm property, live stock, etc Wages of farm laborers Northern fruit statistics Temperature and rainfall Land titles— Torrcns system Free grants and Homesteads TownHhijis open for location and lands for sale Railway and mineral lands What settlers say regarding Algonia Douunion Indian lands Character of townships in Algoimv and Nipissing Lake Nipissing Around the Sudbury mines Temagiwiii Lake Between North Bay and Temiscaming 61 [95] ({ 7 K t) » . 10 JO 11 12 13 13 14 14 16 18 19 21 21 23 24 26 26 •J8 30 31 32 33 .S3 35 37 37 ;«> 41 42 4t) 46 50 .59 60 ,#■■'■' 96 PART 2.-THE TEMISCAMI^JG DISTRICT : Introduction Analysis nf Teiniscaining soil or undersoil , Means of access Teniiscaming lands and terms of purchase Descriptii is of Teuiiscaming settlement. . PART 3.--THP] WABIGOON SETTLEMENT Introduction The country and soil Water supidy, timber resources and climate Dairying section Access to markets Information for settlers Townsliips of Eton and Rugby PAOB, 62 64 64 66 68 71 72 73 74 74 75 75 7(5 Town plot I'f Dryden __ Mining prospects. Class of settlers wanted . . How land may be secured The croi)s in 1 8Ut) Reduced fares Plan of Dryden PART 4.-THE RAINY RIVER DISTRICT : Climate and crops. Forests Soil Products Fish and game Settlement Roads and bridges Centres of population What is said of the District M&ms of access • Extracts i ni the press Free grant townships Crown lands agents The free grants and Homesteads' Act PART'S. -THE (lOLD FIELDS OF WESTERN ONTARIO Extracts from Prof. Colemau'a Report . The Rainy River gold lields Infnrmation as to nvining locations Price of mining lan