y 
 
 <^ 
 
 n 
 
 
 '%J^ 
 
 / 
 
 ^'^ '<> ;> 
 
 %* .V 
 
 /A 
 
 71 
 
 'ji. 
 
 VA 
 
 IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET {MT-3) 
 
 1.0 
 
 I.I 
 
 
 11:25 III 1.4 
 
 1.8 
 
 1.6 
 
 HiotogTdphic 
 
 Sciences 
 
 Corporation 
 
 33 WEST MAIN STREET 
 
 WEBSTER, N.Y. MS80 
 
 (716) 173-4303 
 
 h 
 
 /, 
 
 ,% 
 
 %. 
 
 
 :/^ 
 
 i/j 
 
 & 
 ^ 
 
 ip 
 
 %' 
 
 V 
 
 :\ 
 
 \ 
 
 a 
 
 
 4^ 
 

 CIHM 
 Microfiche 
 Series 
 (Monographs) 
 
 ICMH 
 
 Collection de 
 microfiches 
 (monographles) 
 
 Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / In&titut Canadian de nnicroreproductlons historiques 
 
 ftrtO 
 
Technical and Bibliographic Notes / Notes techniques et bibltographiques 
 
 The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original 
 copy available for filming. Features of this copy which 
 may be bibliographicatly unique, which may alter any 
 of the images in the reproduction, or which may 
 significantly change the usual method of filming, are 
 checked below. 
 
 Coloured covers/ 
 Couverture de couleur 
 
 D 
 
 I I Covers damaged/ 
 
 D 
 
 Couverture endommagee 
 
 Covers restored and/or laminated/ 
 Couverture restauree et/ou pelliculee 
 
 I I Cover title missing/ 
 
 Le titre de couverture manque 
 
 Dc"' 
 
 Coloured maps/ 
 
 tes gdographiques en couleur 
 
 □ Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ 
 Encre de couleur (i.e. 
 
 autre que bleue ou noire) 
 
 □ Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ 
 Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur 
 
 n 
 
 Bound with other material/ 
 Relie avec d'autres documents 
 
 yr\ Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion 
 ' along interior margin/ 
 La reliure serree peut causer de Tombre ou de la 
 distorsion ie long de la marge interieure 
 
 D 
 
 Blank leaves added during restoration may appear 
 within the text. Whenever possible, these have 
 been omitted from filming/ 
 II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajouties 
 lurs d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, 
 mats, lorsque cela etait possible, ces pages n'ont 
 pas ete filmecs. 
 
 
 Additional comments:/ 
 Commentaires supplementaires: 
 
 This Item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ 
 
 Ce document est filme au taux de reduction tndique ci dessous. 
 
 10X 14X 
 
 'T~ 
 
 18X 
 
 J 
 
 12X 
 
 16X 
 
 2DX 
 
 L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilleur exemplaire qu'il 
 lui a et^ possible de se procurer. Les details de cet 
 exemplaire qui sont peut-£tre uniques du point de vue 
 bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier une image 
 reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une modification 
 dans la methode normale de f ilmage sont indiques 
 ci-dessous. 
 
 □ Coloured pages/ 
 Pages de couleur 
 
 I y\ Pages damaged/ 
 
 Pages endommagees 
 
 □ Pages restored and/or laminated/ 
 Pages restaurees et/ou pellicultes 
 
 0Pa^s discoloured, stained or foxed/ 
 Pages decolorees, tachetees ou piquees 
 
 □ Pages detached/ 
 Pages detachees 
 
 Showthrough/ 
 Transparence 
 
 
 
 □ Quality of print varies/ 
 Qualite inegale de Time 
 
 mpression 
 
 □ Continuous pagination/ 
 Pagination continue 
 
 □ Includes i 
 Compreni 
 
 ndex(es)/ 
 Comprend un (des) index 
 
 Title on head>r taken from:/ 
 Le titre de Ten-t^te provient: 
 
 □ Title page of issue/ 
 Page de titre de la li 
 
 □ Caption of issu 
 Titre de depart 
 
 D 
 
 vraison 
 
 ssue/ 
 depart de la livraison 
 
 Masthead/ 
 
 Genenque (periodiques) de la livraison 
 
 22X 
 
 SIX 
 
 mw 
 
 24X 
 
 28X 
 
 12 
 
 3;x 
 
' m 
 
 I'll 
 
 et 
 le vue 
 
 ion 
 is 
 
 The copy filmed here has been reproduced thanks 
 to the generosity of: 
 
 National Library of Canada 
 
 The images appearing here are the best quality 
 possible considering the condition and legibility 
 of the original copy and in keeping with the 
 filming contract specifications. 
 
 Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed 
 beginning with the front cover and ending on 
 the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- 
 sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All 
 other original copies are filmed beginning on the 
 first page with a printed or illustrated impres- 
 sion, and ending on the last page with a printed 
 or illustrated impression. 
 
 The last recorded frame on each microfiche 
 shall contain the symbol —^- (meaning "CON- 
 TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), 
 whichever applies. 
 
 Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at 
 different reduction ratios. Those too large to be 
 entirely included in one exposure are filmed 
 beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to 
 right and top to bottom, as many frames as 
 required. The following diagrams illustrate the 
 method: 
 
 L'cxemplaire filmd fut reproduit grSce d la 
 g6n6rosit6 de: 
 
 Bibliothdque nationale du Canada 
 
 Les images suivantes ont 6t6 reproduites avec le 
 plus grand soin, compte tonu de la condition et 
 de la nettetd de I'exemplaire film6, et en 
 conformity avec les conditions du contrat de 
 filmage. 
 
 Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en 
 papier est imprimde sont filmds en commenpant 
 par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la 
 dernidre page qui comporte une empreinte 
 d'impression ou d'illustration, soit par le second 
 plat, selon le cas. Tous les autres exemplaires 
 originaux sont filmds en commengant par la 
 premidre page qui comporte une empreinte 
 d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par 
 la dernidre page qui comporte une telle 
 empreinte. 
 
 Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la 
 dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le 
 cas: le symbole — ► signifie 'A SUIVRE". le 
 symbole V signifie "FIN". 
 
 Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre 
 filmds d des taux de reduction diffdrents. 
 Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre 
 reproduit en un seul clichd, il est filmd d partir 
 de Tangle supdrieur gauche, de gauche d droite, 
 et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre 
 d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants 
 illustrent la mdthode. 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 3:x 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
IRITIS 
 
 For Mat 
 
 Traclur of I 
 
 191 
 
 PRIC 
 
 THE El 
 
HIGH SCHOOL helps" SFBIFQ 
 
 BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIEF 
 
 ForMatricuIation(Passanc1 Honors), ju„i„rand Senior 
 lA-aving Candidates. «^' v^cmor 
 
 BY 
 
 / 
 
 CHAS. FORFAR, B.A. 
 
 lyach-r of IMnry in Ifarhord Strrrt. (Ulcjiat^ J,^tU,U., Thrtmto. 
 
 19 HISTORICAL SKETCH-MAPS 
 
 m 
 
 PRICB. 
 
 30 Cents 
 
 THE KDUCATIONAL PUHLkSIIINO CO., Lim 
 , 1900 
 
 ITEI) 
 
D/)30 
 
 . 1 
 
 f 
 
 ♦h ,?^"H''^f\nf<:"i'<1'"Prto Artofth,. I'iirliamcnt (,f r.uia.la in 
 
 the year 
 )MPANY, utt 
 
 As impliet 
 
 en to conipr 
 
 itional life oi 
 
 )rical sketch- 
 
 ttle work a j^; 
 

 •/ 
 
 I, in the yoar 
 (•OMPANY, att 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 As implied in the title, the aim of the compiler has 
 ;en to compress in crisp form the chief features of the 
 itional life of England. With the help of the 19 his- 
 rical sketch-maps, the student of history will find this 
 ttle work a great time-saver. 
 

 B] 
 
 ^riton Pe 
 |i. Prehist 
 
 (a) Pa] 
 age 
 wei 
 hip 
 
 (d) Ne< 
 bar 
 and 
 kep 
 goa 
 Bur 
 
 The Cell 
 
 {a) Era 
 {f>) Con 
 (I) 
 
 (2) 
 
 (3) 
 (4) 
 
 (5): 
 
 ^man Pe 
 
 The Rom 
 
 {a) Juliv 
 Britc 
 and 1 
 
 (f>) Agric 
 
BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIEF. 
 A.-BRITAIN AND THE ENGLISH. 
 
 riton Period : - 
 
 Prehistoric Races : *■■ 
 
 (a) Paleolithic: ^^ Ancient Stone '^ period, when sav- 
 ages lived in caves, and hunted with rude stSie 
 weapons lions, tigers, bears, hyenas, elephants 
 hippopotami, elks, reindeer. P"dnis, 
 
 {b) Neolithic: ^^ New Stone ^^ period, when a less 
 barbarous race used polished arrow-heads, hatcheS 
 and axes of stone, needles and pins of bone Thev 
 kept domestic animals : dogs, pigs, sheeu oxen 
 
 Tlie Celts : 
 
 {a) Era: From the 6th Century, B.C. 
 
 {b) Condition in ist Century, B.C. 
 
 (i) Utensils and weapons : Stone, bronze, iron 
 ^^^ fortl^"^^' Chariots, spears, pikes, axes, shields, 
 
 (3) Homes : Huts of wood and reeds. 
 
 (4) Industries : Basket-weaving, canoe-building, 
 cultivation of corn. * 
 
 (5) Religion :Druidical worship, including nature- 
 gods and human -sacrifices. 
 
 U>maii Period, 55 B.C.-449 A.D.:- 
 Tlie Roman Sword : 
 
 {a) Julius Caesar's invasion, B.C. 55-54 : Defeat of the 
 Bntons under Cassivelaunus ; exaction of hostages 
 and tribute. ^ 
 
 [b) Agricola's invasion, 43 A.D. : Defeat of the Britons 
 under Caractacus. 
 
 6 
 
 m 
 
if 
 
 \i 
 
 6 BRITAIN AND TIIK p:nGIJSH. 
 
 (c) Britain, a Roman Province, 51. Revolt o 
 Britons under Queen Boadicea, 60-62 : suppre 
 of revolt ; suicide of the Queen. 
 
 2. Roman Occupation, 43-449 : 
 
 (a) Britain a military colony : Military highway 
 fence walls across the north, walled towns. 
 
 (d^ Roman civilization : Development of Britain's 
 tin, iron mines ; system of drainage and agi 
 ture ; introduction of Christianity. 
 
 (c) Withdrawal of Roman legions to quell insul 
 ate provinces, 449. 
 
 IIL Engrlish Period :— 
 
 I. The English Conquest: 
 
 (a) Cause : Invasion of Picts (un-Romanized Br 
 and Scots. Solicitation of aid from the Engl 
 
 {d) Invasions of the Jutes, 449, under He 
 and Horsa : 
 
 ( 1 ) Founding of the Kingdom of Kent, 465 
 
 (2) Conversion of Kent to Christianity by A 
 tine, 597. 
 
 (c) Invasions of the Saxons, 477-577 : 
 (i) Defeat of British King Arthur, 520. 
 (2) Founding of the Kingdoms, Sussex, 
 Wessex, Middlesex. 
 {d) Invasions of the Angles, 480-580 : 
 (i) Founding of Bast Anglia, Mercia, 
 
 umbria. 
 (2) Conversion to Christianity by AugustitK 
 
 The Saxon Heptarchy, about 600 : A loose divis 
 
 England into 7 kingdoms : Kent, (Jutes) ; 
 
 Wessex, Essex, fSaxons) ; Northumbria, East 
 
 Mercia, (Angles). 
 Organization of the Church : 
 
 (a) Irish Missionaries, 634-664. St. Patrick 
 Columba, Cuthbert. 
 
 I. THE 
 
 2. 
 
I. Revolt oi 
 60-62 : supprc 
 
 tary highway 
 
 lied towns. 
 
 ntof Bjritain's 
 
 inage and ag 
 
 ity. 
 
 ) quell insulx 
 
 lomanized Br 
 roni the Engl 
 
 >, under He 
 
 of Kent, 465-. 
 stianity by A 
 
 '-577 : 
 lur, 520. 
 us, Sussex, 
 
 0-580 : 
 
 a, Mercia, 
 
 by AugustitK 
 
 A loose divii 
 
 , (Jutes) ; {5 
 ibria, East I 
 
 St. Patrick, 
 
 f. THE ENGLISH CONQUEST 
 
 ** 
 
 if. ■■■ 
 
'i 
 
 II. 
 
 THE SAXON 
 
 HEPTARCHY 
 
 ^0 S Ws;:;;;^^^^ 
 
 {f>) 
 
 L 
 
 (' 
 
 (2 
 
 
 il 
 
 
 (4 
 
 ic) 
 
 Or 
 
 (I 
 
 (2; 
 
 . The Ne 
 
 («) Eg 
 
 (A) En 
 
 (X) 
 
 (2) 
 
 (3) 
 
 (4) 
 
 (5; 
 
 (6) 
 
 {c) En 
 
 (I) 
 
 (2) 
 
 (3) 
 
 (4) 
 (5) 
 
BRITISH HISTORY IN BklEl-. 
 
 AROHY 
 
 2 
 
 I 
 
 {f>) Latin Christianity under Theodore's Policy : 
 
 ( 1 ) One centre, Canterbury. 
 
 (2) Overthrow of the Irish Church and the mon- 
 astic system. 
 
 (3) Organization of the clergy, the parish system, 
 tithes, national synods, a state church. 
 
 (4) Representation in the moot by archbishops, 
 bishops, priests. 
 
 {c) Great English ecclesiastical writers : 
 
 (I) CaBdmon, 664, the first English poet: *' The 
 Creation.'" 
 
 (2> ^f^f» 673-735, the Northumbrian historian ; 
 
 father of English learning: ''Ecclesiastical 
 
 History of the English Nation,'' " Tran'i- 
 
 latton tut J Enq^lish of the GosfielofSt. John:' 
 
 The New England : 
 
 (a) Egbert of Wessex, King of the English, S02-839. 
 
 (A) English Social System : 
 
 (1) The king (elective) : leader or chief alderman. 
 
 (2) T/iegn : King's companion or adviser. 
 
 (3) Eorl : noble, alderman, owner of a large estate. 
 
 (4) Ceorl: small landed freeman ; basis of the 
 great middle class. 
 
 (5) /'<"<"/ (late-comer) : landless freeman. 
 
 (6) Slave: captive, debtor, criminal, etc. 
 
 {c) English Political System : 
 
 (i) W^/Vaw .• assembly of the King's advisers, a 
 National Council, meetings 3 times a year. ' 
 
 (2) Tnbal Moot: group of Hundreds in assembly. 
 
 (3) Hundred Moot or Folk-Moot : group of villaires 
 in assembly. ox- ^, • 
 
 (4) Village Moot: representing the village, town- 
 ship, town. 
 
 (5) Homesteads or groups of families. 
 

 11 
 
 g 
 
 lO IJRITAIN AND THE ENOIJSH. ' 
 
 {(i) English Land System: 
 
 (i) Allotment of cornland in equal shares to f r 
 men. 
 
 (2) Individual possession of woodland and pasti 
 land. 
 
 (3) State-land : folk-land, or public land. 
 
 [e] English Justice System : 
 
 (i) Courts 0/ the Hundreds : Tvandowners, pries 
 reeve, and 4 representatives from each tow 
 ship. 
 
 (2) Judjres: At first the whole body, then a 
 presentative body of 12. 
 
 (3) Circuit courts a&ch month. 
 
 (4) Trials: By compurgation, ordeal, combat • 
 
 jury- 
 
 ^ (J) Results of the consolidation of Eng-land und 
 a Bretwalda or overlord : 
 
 (i) Increase of the King's power. 
 
 (2) Rise of a new nobility, the Thegns, to be aid 
 men, reeves, bishops, judges, etc. 
 
 (3) Grants of folk-land by the King to favorites 
 
 (4) Transformation of the Witan to a Royal Coi 
 cd consisting of the King, 9 Bishops, 5 Aid 
 men, 15 Thegns. 
 
 (5) Supplanting of the old English democracy 
 an oligarchy. 
 
 (6) Decline of the Folk-moot, and of the peas; 
 freeman. 
 
 5. General Results of the English Conquest : 
 
 {a) Triumph of Christianity over heathenism. 
 
 {f)) Introduction of new systems, political, social, lat 
 justice. 
 
 {c) Tendency to national union. 
 
 \f. 
 
BRITISH lilSTOKY IN UKIKF. 
 
 II 
 
 .1 shares to fri 
 
 land an 
 lie land 
 
 d pastiiB 
 
 [lowners, prit■^ 
 rom each tov 
 
 lody, then a 
 
 leal, combat ; 
 England unc 
 
 igns, to be aid 
 etc. 
 
 ig to favoritej 
 
 a Royal Coi 
 ishops, 5 Aid 
 
 1 democracy 
 of the peasii 
 
 uest : 
 LMiisni. 
 cal, social, laii 
 
 {(I) Rise of a sturdy middle class, the freemen of the 
 
 .soil. 
 (c) Birth of a national literature. 
 
 Angrlo-Danish Period, 866-1066 :— 
 
 1. The Danes : Northmen or "Vikings" from Denmark 
 
 and Scandinavia. Foothold in the Orkneys, Isle of 
 M'-.n, East coast of Ireland. 
 
 2. The Danes in England : 
 
 (a) Alliance of Danes and Britons. 
 , (f)) Conquest of Northern England by Guthrum, 870. 
 (c) Martyrdom of Edmund, ng of East Anglia. 
 {(i) Destruction of the great abbeys : Peterboro, VAy, etc. 
 
 3. Alfred the Great, 871-901 : 
 
 (it) Character and ability : Christian (lualities, ])a- 
 triotism, energy, practicality, industry, self-sacri- 
 fice, sense of justice. 
 
 [h) Alfred (King of Wessex) and the Danes : 
 
 (i) Defeat of the Danes. 
 
 (2) Peace of Wedmore, 878 : Alfred to rule over 
 Wessex and part of Mercia ; the Danes over 
 the Danelagn or Northumbria, East Anglia, 
 and part of Mercia. 
 
 (r) Alfred's Administration : 
 
 (1) Peace, justice, good government, encourage- 
 ment of trade and exploration. 
 
 (2) Consolidation and amendment of the law. 
 Punishment of sacrilege and perjury. Prohib- 
 ition of Sunday labor. 
 
 (3) Foundation of the Englisli navy. 
 
 (4) Re-organization of the military system and de- 
 fences of Eiigland. 
 
 (5) Encouragement of schools and learning. 
 Founding of Oxford University. 
 
 'mi 
 
Ml. 
 
 AND 
 THE DAIMELAQH 
 
 (6 
 
 (7 
 
 4. Danelaj 
 
 (rt) R( 
 Kt 
 
 (^) Ed 
 
 
 92> 
 
 id) 
 
 Rei 
 
 
 nil 
 
 5. Dunsta 
 
 ('0 
 
 Ch 
 
 
 (hi 
 
 
 111; 
 
 i^') 
 
 Ad 
 
 
 Re' 
 
 
 (I) 
 
 
 (2) 
 
 
 (3) 
 
 
 (4) 
 
 (0 
 
 Ad 
 
 
 U'l 
 
 
 (I) 
 
 
 (2) 
 
 
 (3) 
 
 
 (4) 
 
 
 (5) 
 
AND 
 ^ELAQH 
 
 BRITISH HISTORY in BRIKF. 
 
 13 
 
 (6) Creation of an P:nglish Literature: Alfred's 
 translation of Bede's works into Knglish • beii- 
 innings of the vSaxon Chronicle. 
 
 (7) Restoration of the monasteries. 
 4 Danelagh Struggles : 
 
 (") ?f:^?"qV^?.^?^ ^^/^^^ ^'y ^^Ifred's dauKliter, 
 hthelfled, "TheLadyof Mercia." 
 
 (d) Re-conquest of the rest of the Danelagh by 
 Alfred's son, Edward the elder. PMward over- 
 lord of Wales, Strathclyde, Scotland. 
 
 (c) Edward's son Athelstan, " ICmperor of Britain " 
 
 925. 
 
 (d) Restoration of the Danelagh to the Danes by Ed- 
 
 mund, Athelstan 's son. 
 5. Dunstan, 935-988: 
 
 (a) Character and ability : (ieuialitv, versatility in- 
 dustry, learning; "a great ecdesia.stical .sl^ltes- 
 man." 
 
 (/>) Administration as Abbot of Glastonbury under 
 Edmund : 
 
 (1) Increa.se of the power of the Church in state 
 matters. 
 
 (2) vSettlement of the North : Northumbria and 
 the land of the Scots. 
 
 (3) Policy of conciliation with the Danes. 
 
 (4) Justice and order. Strength and peace. In- 
 crease of trade. 
 
 (r) Administration as Archbishop of Canterburv 
 under Edgar : ' ' 
 
 (1) Adoption of the term Enfrla-land\ 
 
 (2) Reduction of the Danes in Ireland. 
 
 (3) Regulation of the currency. Standard weights 
 and measures. 
 
 (4) Adoption of "Edgar's laws" as the basis of 
 *''" r.s.„i;„i. con.stitution. 
 
 of schools and learning. 
 
 Ill 
 
 m 
 
 ; \ 
 
 I. '■'. J 
 
 (5) Encouragenu 
 
14 
 
 BRITAIN AND THR ENGUSH. 
 
 a m 
 
 i 
 
 (6) PCiidownient of abbeys (40) and monasteries. 
 
 (7) Decline of slavery, yet change from freedom tij 
 
 villenage, or freeholders to tenant, 
 
 (8) Adherence to the shire-system. 
 
 {(i) Death of Dunsta, 988, and ruin of hopes of 
 national union. 
 
 6. Danish Conquest and Rule : 
 
 {a) Ethelred the Unready, 979-1016 : 
 
 (i) Descent of Norwegians under Olaf upon Rsse> 
 Their victory at Maldon. 
 
 (2) Levy of the Danegrld^ or tax to buy off tlij 
 Danes. 
 
 (3) Massacre of the Danes, 1002. 
 
 (4) Attack of the Danes under King Sweyn. Kliglib 
 
 of Ethelred to Normandy. Death of Sweynj 
 Return of Ethelred, 1014. 
 
 (A) Edmund Ironside : 
 
 (I) Attack of Cnut, vSweyn's son. Death of 'E( 
 rnund. 
 
 (0 Cnut, King of all England, 1016-1036 : 
 
 ( 1 ) 18 years of peace. F)ncouragement of trade an 
 
 agriculture. 
 
 (2) Cnul's policy : England to be made the hea 
 
 of a great Scandinavian Empire. 
 
 (3) Government according to national laws ai 
 
 customs. 
 
 (4) Division of England into 4 earldoms, with pro 
 
 vincial independence. The earls nominees o 
 the King. 
 
 (5) Conquest of Norway. 
 
 (6) Coalescence of Danes and English. 
 
 (7) Foundation of religious houses. 
 [d) Harold and Harthacnut : 
 
 (l! Earl (!Oil\v!!!'H -siirs^vsr! of the lat^^pr 
 
BRITISH HISTORY IN imiKF. 
 
 15 
 
 tnonastertes. 
 
 roiii freedom tj 
 ant. 
 
 of liopes of 
 
 6 : 
 
 laf upon Rssex 
 
 to buy off til 
 
 Sweyn, Kligli 
 ath of vSweyii 
 
 Death of Kd 
 
 -1036 : 
 
 2nt of trade aiK 
 
 nade the heai 
 
 >nal laws aiiia 
 
 Dms, with pn 
 Is nominees o 
 
 h. 
 
 Deatli of Harold, 1040, 
 
 (2) Harold chosen king, 
 of Harthacnut, 1042. 
 . Norman Incursions : 
 
 (a) The Normans in France under Rollo, 900. 
 
 {d) The Norman-French. Effects of civilization and 
 Christianity. 
 
 (r) Edward the Confessor, 1042-1066: 
 
 (r) Edward, a Norman. Norman favorites in Eng- 
 land as priests, nobles, judges, etc. 
 
 (2) Administration of Godwin, Earl of Wessex 
 
 (Edward's father-in-law). Godwin's craft' 
 ambition, greed, shrewdness, industry, states- 
 manship. His policy of political unity. 
 
 (3) Overthrow of Godwin ; an outlaw for a year. 
 
 (4) William of Normandy's visit to PMvvard. The 
 
 latter's promise of the Crown of Ivngland to 
 William. 
 
 (5) Return of Godwin. Death in 1053. 
 
 (6) Administration of Harold, Godwiji'sson : Con- 
 tinuance of Godwin's policy. Peace, justice, 
 liberal laws. Increase of wealth and' prosper- 
 ity. Lethargy of the church. Subjug-ation of 
 Wales. Rebellion of Northumbria. Outlawry 
 of Tostig, his brother. Harold's oath to Wm. 
 of Normandy. 
 
 (d) Harold II, 1066 : 
 
 (1) Character: Craft, ambition, courage, military 
 
 and administrative genius. 
 
 (2) Invasion of Norwegians under Tostig and Har- 
 old Hardrada. Their defeat at Stamford 
 Bridge, 1066. 
 
 (3) Norman invasion. Battle of Hastings (Sen- 
 l&C), 1066. Death of Harold. William 
 chosen king by the Witan. 
 
 Qeneral effects of the Danlsli struggle : 
 
 {a) Increase of the king's power. 
 
 {d) Growth of a military aristocracy (thegns). 
 
 Mi 
 
 M^ 
 
 ilii 
 
i6 
 
 BRITAIN AND THE ENGI^ISH. 
 
 (f) Disappearance of the folk-land, of the ceorl or f, 
 
 {(i) Introduction of the system of villenage. 
 
 (6') Decline of learning and religion. 
 
 U) Blending of the Danish and Saxon tongues 
 
 a. 
 
 Examination Questions on •♦ Britain and tlie Englislil 
 
 ■ '^fdl•^^ '^ iS-^"" ^"''''' ''^'^'"^ ^^"^ P*'* P^^^'^^ '^y the Danes in English 
 Wnte a Lrief article on the introduction of Christianity into EnKhi 
 
 Write n clear and concise account of the inii.ii.itm.to „? .' i 
 and wlicn tlie Konians arrive What tmLe^^ i'-i'Kland b. 
 
 ence of the llomans are still to be kSSed there' S'"^" '^"^' ' 
 1. U rite a brief account of the Normans under the following heads • 
 ('0 Tlieir orif,dn ('>) Their con(iuests in France (r\'vu.i. u' 
 a race ul) Validity „f ^\•i^iun•s claim? to thllrrv, ""^""l^''^ 
 {<■) The struggle at Hastings. l,8.s?; ^' ^^'"^ '''^"'^" ''^ ^"^' 
 
 5. Sketch the reign of Alfred the Great and show why it is so inipor, 
 
 <i. Write full notes on the terms : Heptarchy eorl cenri l..>t m^ f 
 purgation, eldernian. Witongen.o . thegn llretWalda vik m. n"^' ,' 
 shire-reeve, villein, yeoman, Danegel.iislte'''' '''^'"^' ^*'"'^^' 
 
 3. I'li.l.T ,vl,„t circumsl»„«s .11,1 EriKlnii.1 T.a.s im.kT N,.rman rulo ? ll 
 U. \V rite au explanatory note on the Treaty of Wedniore. 1897, in part. 
 
 A.-WI 
 
 Iharacter 
 
 i;reatest gei: 
 
 rilliam i 
 
 Protectoi 
 tons ; p 
 
 William 'i 
 ant of A 
 
 Lanfranc 
 ecclesia 
 
 Annexati 
 Death of 
 king. 
 
 William'! 
 Westerr 
 support 
 
 Embassy 
 
 i. Decision ( 
 
 ». William's 
 
 William'i 
 
 Invasion ( 
 
 Victory ol 
 ford Bri 
 
 William's 
 
 Treason o 
 
 William's 
 Ixsrolci. 
 
'f the ceorl or fi 
 lenage. 
 
 xon tongues ; 
 I the English 
 
 anes in Englisli 
 iiiiity into Eiiffl 
 
 B.— NORMAN PERIOD 
 
 io66-ri^4 : A9 years. 
 
 A.-WiLLIAM OF NORMANDY: 1066-1087. 
 
 laracter: indomitable will, desperate bravery, the 
 reatest general and statesman of his time ; a born ruler. 
 
 ruiiam as Duke of Normandy, 1035-1066 :— 
 
 Protector of the poor and helpless ; repressor of the ba- 
 rons ; patron of commerce, education, justice, religion. 
 
 William's marriage with Matilda of Flanders, descend- 
 ant of Alfred the Great. 
 
 Lanfranc : prior, abbot, archbishop ; lawver, scholar, 
 ecclesiastical statesman. 
 
 s of Kiifjlaiul iJ 
 ! proseiicc and ji] 
 
 1885. 
 
 nviiif,' heads : 
 
 f) Their c'haracti 
 
 ■ crowu of Engl j Annexation of Maine. Repulse of the Fretich King. 
 
 ;. Death of Edward, 1066. Witan's election of Harold as 
 king. 
 
 i. William's appeal to the Emperor, kings, princes of 
 Western, Christendom, and the Bishop of Rome, to 
 support his claim as King of England. 
 
 . Embassy of William to Harold. 
 
 . Decision of Pope Gregory VH (Hildebrand) for William. 
 
 ). William's reduction of Brittany. 
 
 it is so import 
 
 ^rl, liet, moot, . 
 a, viking, Daneh 
 
 f tile occui)atioii 
 the Danes {d) 
 
 'y the Romans, 
 suits of these ii 
 jrm of go Venn I 
 
 forman rule? 
 
 e. 1897, ill part. 
 
 William's Invasion of England, 1066 : 
 
 time. ]8<)6. • Invasion of England by Harold of Norway. 
 
 !. Victory of Harold of England over Norwegians at Stam- 
 ford Bridge. 
 
 William's landing at Pevensey. 
 
 Treason of Earls Edwin and Morkere. 
 
 William's victory at Hastings (Senlac). Death of 
 Harold. 
 
 17 
 
i 
 
 l8 
 
 NORMAN PERIOD. 
 
 I. 
 2. 
 
 4- 
 
 TV. The Conquest of Engrland, 1066-1070 : - 
 
 Confiscation of the soil. 
 
 Vassalage of England : all Englishmen and forei 
 William's men and grantees. 
 
 William's Earls, guardians of the frontier. 
 
 Norman castles, "the badges and instruments o 
 Conquest." 
 
 5. The English Revolt : 
 
 (a) Edwin, Morkere, Waltheof + Malcom III of 
 
 land + the Danes vs. the Normans. 
 (d) Storming of York bj' the allies. 
 
 (r) William's revenge : devastation of the North 
 
 6. William, King of all England, 1070. 
 
 V. Settlement of England, 1070-1086:- 
 
 English law, foreign judges, 
 laws. 
 
 Restoration of Ed\ 
 
 2. English land held by English law. 
 
 3. Establishment of peace and order. Unity of the 
 
 dom and orderly government centering in the Kij 
 
 4. Denunciation of slavery. 
 
 5. Adoption of mutilation and torture instead of the 
 
 penalty. 
 
 6. Forest and curfew laws. 
 
 7. Extortions : Revival of the Danegeld. First land-l 
 
 8. King's wardship of marriage and knighthood. 
 
 9. Foreigners in offices of State and Church. 
 
 10. Settlement of the Jews in England. 
 
 11. The Domesday Book or the Qreat Survey, io« 
 
 (a) The inquiry or census, a record of the great! 
 fiscation. 
 
 [d) Register of the King's grants of lands. 
 
 (c) Regi.ster of England's financial resources. 
 
 (d) Register of England's military strength. 
 
 William 
 
 [. Reform 
 (a) Wil 
 (d) Ref 
 
 [c) Dist 
 
 (d) No 
 
 . Primacy 
 
 (a) Ivan 
 
 cou 
 
 (<5) Cell 
 
 (c) Fore 
 
 (d) Inci 
 
 (e) Exa( 
 (/) Roy 
 U) Clei 
 
 COUI 
 
 William 
 
 . Absolutisi 
 all the h 
 
 . Feudal dij 
 
 . The baron 
 
 . Vassalage 
 King. 
 
 . William's 
 barons. 
 
 , EnforceuK 
 
 dues. 
 
 , Great Assi 
 personal 
 
 William 
 
 12 represer 
 Chief Shin 
 
 IP 
 
BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIKF. 
 
 19 
 
 -1070 : - 
 
 len and forei 
 
 ntier. 
 instruments ol 
 
 ilconi III of 
 
 IS. 
 
 of the North 
 
 el- 
 ation of Ed 
 
 Jiiit}' of the 
 ing in the Ki 
 
 stead of the 
 
 First land- 
 jhthood. 
 rch. 
 
 Survey, 10 
 
 of the great 
 
 I William and the Church:— 
 
 Reform of the Church in England : 
 
 (a) William the Supreme Governor of the Church. 
 (d) Refusal of oath of fealty to the Pope. 
 {c) Dismissal of English bishops and abbots. 
 (d) No excommunication without King's leave. 
 Primacy of Lanfranc : 
 
 (a) Lanfranc, a master of statecraft, the king's .special 
 
 counsellor. 
 (5) Celibacy of the clergy. 
 {c) Foreign prelates. 
 
 (d) Increase of the power and wealth of the Church. 
 
 (e) Exaction of homage from bishop and baron. 
 
 (/) Royal assent to Synod's legislation. 
 
 U) Clergy courts : clergy no longer in the county 
 courts. ■' 
 
 William and the Barons :— 
 
 Absolutism of the Feudal System : the King overlord of 
 all the land. 
 
 Feudal distribution of the great estates. 
 
 The barons or nobles, overlords of all their tenants. 
 
 Vassalage of England : Every man dependent on the 
 King, 
 
 William's check on the aggressive spirit of the feudal 
 barons. 
 
 Enforcement of feudal obligations, military, and other 
 dues. 
 
 , Great Assembly on Salisbury Plain, 1086 ; Oath of 
 personal allegiance from every man. 
 
 lands, 
 
 esources. 
 
 trength. 
 
 . William's Shire System : - 
 
 . 12 representatives for each shire, headed by sheriffs. 
 , Chief Shire Secretary or Chancellor, 
 
M 
 
 20 
 
 NORMAN PERIOD. 
 
 IX. Revolts agrainst William, 1070- 1086 :— 
 
 1. In England : 
 
 (a) Hereward the Wake's futile resistance, 1071. 
 
 (b) Execution of Waltheof, the last English earl. 
 
 (c) Bishop Odo's tyranny. 
 
 2. Border Warfare : 
 
 (a) Malcolm of Scotland's 4 invasions of Englant 
 ( I ) Fealty of Malcolm to William, 
 (i) Cement of the nations by the marriage of 
 garet, daughter of Edward, and Malcolm. 
 
 (6) Welsh campaign : 
 
 (i) William I. Lord of all Britain. 
 
 3. On the Continent : 
 
 (a) Revolt and reconquest of Maine. 
 
 (b) Defeat of William in Brittany. 
 
 {c) Revolt of William's son, Robert, in Norm; 
 Banishment of Robert. Death of William, k 
 
 Effects of the Norman Conquest : — 
 
 ecclesiastical 
 
 10. The R 
 
 (a) ^^J 
 
 rq 
 
 (d) Ge 
 
 Ar 
 
 {c) W. 
 
 sys 
 
 (d) La 
 
 Bri 
 
 I 
 
 polit 
 England a 
 castles. 
 
 1. Closer continental connection 
 
 commercial. 
 
 2. Fusion of England and Normandy. 
 
 nental power. 
 
 3. Introduction of Norman Architecture 
 
 edrals, abbeys. 
 
 4. Norman-French refinements of manners and langu 
 
 5. Supremacy of the Romish Church and foreign pre 
 
 6. Increase of royal power : the King universal ruler 
 
 landlord. 
 
 7. Establishment of feudalism and villenage. 
 
 8. Overthrow of the English freeholder. The 
 
 small share in the national political life. 
 
 9. Establishment of a private coinage system. 
 
 peo 
 
 
 haraoter 
 lebellion 
 
 Victory o 
 
 The King 
 
 Death of 
 agent as 
 
 Oppressi4 
 
 1 2 3'ears ol 
 Church. 
 
 Restoratio 
 
 onquests 
 
 In Wales. 
 
 ^selm, A 
 
 His resista 
 His advoca 
 His friendl 
 Quarrel bel 
 latter froi 
 
 First Crm 
 
 Departure < 
 Normand^ 
 
 II 
 
BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIRF. 
 
 1086 :— I lo. The Revival of Utters : 
 
 21 
 
 stance, 107 1. 
 English earl. 
 
 us of England 
 
 m. 
 
 e marriage of 
 and Malcolm. 
 
 rt, in Norma 
 if William, m 
 
 ^'^ lnhu7a.frotrcr;'-^ "Z^^/-:.^^/^. /?./..,..... 
 ^'^ ^slem.'^'P'' '"'^"'"^ ^"'^^•-» «^ the ecclesiastical 
 (^)Lavamon's ^'Brur^.. . ,Hymi„g chronicle of 
 
 B. WILLIAM RUFUS, 1087-1100. 
 
 haracter: Extravagant, rapacious, debauched, cruel. 
 
 lebellion of the Barons, 1088 ■- 
 
 . Victory of Rufus at Pevensey l,y the aid of the English 
 
 The Kingr's Advisers :- 
 
 Death of Lanfranc. Ralph Flambard the k'incr'c . • e 
 agent as Justiciar or I,ord Chief Justice. " "'"^^ 
 
 ppressionofthe People: 
 
 . 12 years of misery : Billetinc extnrH-r»« 1 j 
 
 Church. '«^"ng, extortion, j.lunder of the 
 
 iastical, politj Church. 
 
 Restoration of heirship and wardship duties 
 England a c«^^_ , i- a. 
 
 ■onquests: - 
 
 •e : castles, i ^" ^ales. Annexation of Cumberland to England. 
 inselm, Archbishop in 1093:— 
 
 rs and langua "' ' ' 
 
 I foreign prel 
 liversal ruler 
 
 ige. 
 
 r. The peo 
 ife. 
 
 tern. 
 
 His resistance to the despotism of the king 
 His advocacy of liberty and good governm;nt. 
 His friendliness to the cause of the English people 
 
 ^^^z\^:::'i:^:r'' ^-'- ^^p^"..: of the 
 
 First Crusade, 1100 ;— 
 
 '''^1 
 
 
22 
 
 
 11 
 
 NORMAN PERIOD. 
 C. HENRY I, 11001135. 
 
 I. Character : Cautious, intelligent. 
 
 II. Henry's Administration :— 
 
 1. An English Sovereign on an English throne ; opposij 
 
 of the Barons. 
 
 2. Imprisonment of Flambard. Recall of Anselm. 
 
 3. Marriage of Henry with Edith, daughter of Malcolij 
 
 Scotland. 
 
 4. Henry's Charter to the People (Prelude to the M 
 
 Charta) : 
 
 (a) To reform all the abuses of Rufus's reign. 
 
 (d) To relieve the people from the excessive exac 
 of the feudal baronage. 
 
 (c) To abolish wardship and the infamous laws < 
 
 heritance. 
 {(i) To ^rive freedom to the Church. 
 
 (e) To lestore Edward's good laws. 
 
 5. Rebellion of the Barons in favor of Robert of 
 
 mandy : — 
 
 (a) Henry's victory at Tenchebral, 1106. 
 
 (b) Robert in England, a prisoner for life. 
 
 (c) Reunion of England and Normandy. 
 
 6. The New English Nobility :— 
 
 {a) Fusion of English and Normans. 
 
 {b) Counterbalancing force to the turbulent Baro 
 
 7. Improvement in manuff .tures and in agrricu] 
 
 8. Administration of justice ar-i roform:- 
 
 (a) Great officers of stale : — 
 
 i^i) Justiciar: the chief minister of the cro 
 
 Lord Chief Justice. 
 (2) Chancellor' at first, head of the royal 
 
 lains, then Chief Secretary. 
 
 (2) 
 
 (3) 
 
 {c) Disi 
 (tJ) Grc 
 
 (I) 
 (2) 
 
 Henry ai 
 
 1. Beligiou 
 
 2, Election 
 
 Recognit 
 Growth o 
 
 Cltising "s 
 
 1. Death by 
 
 2. Marriage 
 
 Plantagi 
 
 3. Henry's ■\ 
 
 son Hen 
 
 
BRITISH HISTORY J,< riRIKF. 
 
 23 
 
 irone ; opposil 
 
 ilude to the Mi 
 
 inious laws < 
 
 fB,obe?:t of 
 
 (3) Treasurer: keeper of the King's treasure and 
 accounts. 
 
 ((^) Great courts : 
 
 (r) Great Cotmcil or Witangemol : a court of the 
 King's chief barons, 
 
 (2) King's Court: committee of justice, of the 
 King's barons 
 
 {a) To act as a Royal Council to advise the 
 King. 
 
 {b) To revise and register the laws. 
 
 (r) To act as a Supreme Court of Appeal. 
 
 (3) Court of Exchequer: of the King's court 
 barons 
 
 {a) To assess and collect the revenue. 
 
 (^) Disappearance of slavery. 
 
 (J) Growth of cities and towns under free charters : 
 
 (i) Their battle for self-government, free speech 
 equal justice, trial by jury. ' 
 
 (2) Rise of the trade-guilds. 
 
 Henry and the Church :— 
 
 1. Relig-ious Revival, 
 
 2. Election of Bishops by the clergy. 
 
 3. Recognition of the Pope's ambassador in England. 
 
 4. Growth of the Church in wealth and power. 
 
 Closing years of Henry's reign: 
 
 1. Death by drowning of the King's son, William. 
 
 2. Marriage ot Matilda, Henry's daughter, to Geoffrey 
 Plantagenet of Anjou. 
 
 3. Henry's will : The Crown left to Matilda, then to her 
 son Henrv 
 
24 
 
 NORMAN I'KRIOD. 
 
 n 
 
 m 
 
 I 
 
 D, STEPHEN, 1136-1164. 
 
 I. Rival claims of Stephen and Matilda 
 
 William I. 
 
 Robert, llicliiird. 
 (Killed ill 
 New Forest) 
 
 Wm. Rufus. Henry I. 
 
 .\(lela+Stei)heii()fl 
 
 Stephen. 
 
 Wm. (drowih ) 
 
 .Nfivtilda ) (ieolTrcy 
 of Aiijou. 
 
 Henry II. 
 
 II. Civil War: 19 years of anarchy, iiii.sery, bloodshed : 
 
 1. Factions of the barons : 
 
 (a) Fortification of their castles. 
 
 (/>) Pillage and outrages by the feudal robber lord; 
 
 (r) Stephen the mere jmppet of the barons. 
 
 2. David of Scotland, the ally of Matilda : 
 
 (a) Defeat in the " Battle of the Standard." 
 
 3. vStephen's arrest of the Chancellor, and Roger the 
 
 ticiar. 
 
 * 
 
 4. Matilda in England 1139-1147. 
 
 by Geoffrey I'lantagenet. 
 
 5. Misery of the people : 
 
 (a) Pillage and oppression. 
 
 (d) Stoppage of trade and agriculture. Famine. 
 
 (f) Collapse of Henry I's local a<lnnnistrative sy.*;! 
 
 6. Power of the Church : Its alternate deposition of Ste] 
 
 and Matilda. 
 
 7. Treaty of Wnlllngford, 1153 (arranged by the Chui 
 
 (a) Matilda's son, Henry, to be Stephen's succes.so; 
 
 Conquest of Norma 
 
 III. Character of Stephen 
 
 un.stable, weak. 
 
 Brave, generous, impetiw 
 
 Exi 
 
 k'hat is mcani 
 to prevail in 
 
 leiition the It 
 way the caii.s 
 
 live an accoii 
 lEiiKlish histo 
 
 ritee.xplaiia 
 I)()iiie.s(iay, .h 
 
 ive ail accoui 
 
 iider what ci; 
 1111 iiccount ol 
 William I, 1 
 
 ketch the reit 
 riuuipe ii 
 {li) MiiniKT o 
 (r) Attitude c 
 ((/) Revolts o 
 (0 Attitude ( 
 (/) Character 
 the EuKlii 
 
 ^iliil 
 
ilda 
 
 BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIKF. 
 Examination Questions on the Norman Period. 
 
 25 
 
 ilela+ Stephen of I 
 
 Stephen. 
 
 (leotTri'V 
 ijoii. 
 
 •yll. 
 
 f', bloodshed ; 
 
 il robber lord; 
 )arons. 
 
 idard." 
 
 d Roj^er the 
 
 lest of Nortnal 
 
 That is meant by the Feudal System ? In what senses may it siill >>e said 
 to prevail ni England ? 18«4. 
 
 .eiition the leading features of the Feudal Svstem. Explain in a general 
 way tlie causes of its origin and its decay in" England. IHs.j. 
 
 ive an account of the Norman Conquest, iKjinting out its inilu.'iice on 
 I'jiglish history. ISfSti. 
 
 rite explanatory notes on the following terms ; Vassal, fief, ehancelh.r 
 Domesday, .lusticiar, Court of the l<:xche(iuer, curfew. 18.S7. 
 
 ive an account of Henry I's administration of justice and reform. is.si». 
 iider what circumstiinces did England pass under Norman rule*' (iive 
 aiiaccountof the condition of the English people during the reiirn of 
 William I. Is!),5. 
 
 ketch the reign of William of Normandy under the following heads : 
 
 (a) Change in the tenure of land, public and i>rivate. 
 
 {It) Manncrof keeping the coiKiuenMl country in subjection. 
 
 (r) Attitude of tiie Normans towards tiie English. 
 
 ((/) Revolts of the English. 
 
 {/) Attitude of the King towards the Church. 
 
 (/) Character of I lie King, the nature of his rule, of liis attitude towards 
 tile Eiiglisli laws. 18'J7. 
 
 . Famine. 
 
 iiistrative sy.'^tl 
 ositioii of SteiJ 
 
 d by the ChurJ 
 len's successoj 
 
 Tous, inipettid 
 
< ll 
 
 ill 
 
 h 
 
 ''1 
 
 aiiij 
 
 C— ANGEVIN PERIOD 
 
 1154-1399 : 245 years. 
 A -HENRY II, 1164-1169. 
 
 I. The King :— 
 
 1. Kinjr ])y contract with the people. 
 
 2. Absohite control of the courts. 
 
 3. Judj^e, lawgiver, soldier, financier, administrator. 
 
 4. Henry's character : Genial, practical, courageous, 
 
 bilious, politic, sagacious, industrious ; in lat.'- 
 iniperious, violent, suspicious. 
 
 "Steady sense of order, justice and go.'evnment 
 One of the most sagacious of administrators 
 wisest of legislators." 
 
 5. Henry's marriage with Eleanor of Aquitaine. 
 
 II. The Angevin Empire, 115<£:— 
 
 1. Consisting of: England, Normandy, Anjou, Mai 
 
 Touraine, Poitou, Aquitaine, Urittany, Gascony. 
 
 2. Henry, Protector of Flanders. Homage of Malcolm 
 
 Scotland. Settlement of Wales. 
 
 3. Thos. Becket, Chancellor of the Empire : 
 
 (rt) Character : Blithe, frank, witniing, shrewd ; 
 solute asserter of papal and ecclesiastical rights 
 
 III. The Government of England : the building up 
 
 mighty ICnipire: - 
 
 1. Restoration of peace and order. England, Scotl; 
 
 Ireland, under one lord. 
 
 2. Abolition of feudalism as a system of government. 
 
 3. Decline of the barons' influence, in the National Couii 
 
 4. Self-government in the borough and shire moot, am 
 
 charter to towns and cities. 
 
ministrator. 
 courageous, aj 
 
 S ; ill lat .'- ye(_ 
 
 il go/ev'timent 
 (lininistrators <■ 
 
 litaine. 
 
 ', Anjoii, Mai 
 y, Gascony. 
 
 ige of Malcolm 
 
 pi re : 
 
 ng, shrewd ; ' 
 .'siastical right 
 
 le building up 
 
 tigland, Scoll 
 
 ;fovermneut. 
 National Couii 
 hire moot, an* 
 
^ 
 
 
 Mil 
 
 1 1 
 
 28 
 
 ANHEVIN PERIOD. 
 
 5. Industrial activity : 
 
 (a) Growth of the middle class of burghers and trade 
 (1^) Reclamation of the soil. Wool iTidustry. 
 
 6. Intellectual impulse : Growth of the Universities. 
 
 7. New uniform coinage. 
 
 8. Re-organization of the militia system : 
 
 (a) Scutage, a tax instead of personal service. 
 {d) Establishment of militia, 1181. 
 
 9. Legal reforms : Initiation of the rule of law : 
 
 (rt) Barons and bishops alike amenable to the Comnu 
 Law. 
 
 (fi) Administration of justice by circuits and juries. 
 
 (<-) English (not Roman) law of "the Constitutions 
 and " Assizes." 
 
 ((f) Establishment of ^ petty jury to confirm or disallo 
 the presentment of the grand jury. 
 
 {e) Abolition of trial by ordeal of battle or combat. 
 
 IV. The Constitutions of Clarendon, 1164 :— 
 
 1. Events leading to the '* Constitutions " : — 
 
 {a) Establi.shment of .separate courts for ecclesiastic 
 affairs. 
 
 (A) Increase of appeals to Rome. 
 
 (f) Increase of Roman influence over the Eneli 
 Church. 
 
 {d) Freedom of the clergy from the common law. 
 
 {c) Archbishop Becket's resignation of the Chanci 
 lorship. 
 
 (/) Henry's (juarrel with Becket over the juri.sdictio 
 of the Church. 
 
 2. The "Constitutions": Proclamation on disput 
 
 points between Church and State : 
 
 (a) Bishops and barons vassals of the King. 
 
 (A) Bishops to do liomage to the King, and to hoi 
 their lands fronj him. 
 
 W C 
 
 t( 
 
 V 
 
 {d) F 
 {e) R 
 
 Be eke 
 
 appea 
 
 4. Trial ( 
 traito 
 
 3 
 
 The "Ai 
 
 1. Confir: 
 
 {a) P 
 b; 
 
 {b) Ci 
 
 (^) Jv 
 ir 
 
 2. Result 
 
 («) t: 
 
 oi 
 
 {b) Al 
 
 y« 
 
 tl: 
 
 Henry { 
 
 1. Backet 
 
 {a) Tl 
 
 2. Overth 
 
 Chur( 
 
 Strife y 
 
 {a) Ba 
 
 (*) Be 
 
 {c) Ht 
 hi 
 
 {d) Cc 
 
 {€) H. 
 
 y 
 
hers and trade 
 
 lustry. 
 
 iversities. 
 
 iervice. 
 
 law : 
 to the Coniniii 
 
 :s and juries. 
 Constitutions 
 
 I firm or disall 
 
 e or combat. 
 
 164 :-- 
 
 8": — 
 
 n ecclesiasti( 
 
 r the Rnj^li 
 
 rimon law. 
 f the Chanci 
 
 :he jurisdictii 
 
 I on disput( 
 
 ;, and to hoi 
 
 BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIEF. 
 
 29 
 
 4- 
 
 (c) Chief clergy not to leave the realm, or carry appeals 
 
 to the papal court, or permit exconmiunications, 
 without the King's permission, 
 
 (d) Presentation of livings in the hands of the King. 
 
 (e) Revenues of vacant sees to go to the King. 
 
 Becket's refusal to sign the '< Constitutions." His 
 appeal to Rome. 
 
 Trial of Becket in the King's Court ; condenmed as a 
 traitor. 
 
 I. 
 
 2. 
 
 The " Assizes ", 1166 :— 
 
 Confirnaation of justice : 
 
 (a) Principles for the administration of justice, the 
 basis of common law. 
 
 (b) Circuits of the King's justices. 
 
 (c) Justice by English shire-moot, hundred-moot, etc., 
 instead of by Canon or Roman law. 
 
 Results : 
 
 {a) The baron's loss of power and influence : the doom 
 01 Feudalism. 
 
 (d) All courts became royal courts, all law royal law ; 
 yet recognition made of the ultimate authority of 
 the people's will. 
 
 Henry and the Charch :— 
 
 r. Backet, Archbishop and Papal Legate : 
 
 (a) The Church's organized resistance to tyranny. 
 
 2. Overthrov/ of the Baronage by the Help of the 
 Church. 
 
 \. Strife with the Church : 
 
 (rt) Banishment of Becket, 1 166. 
 
 (<^) Becket's threat of the Papal interdict. 
 
 {(■) Henry's prohibition of appeal to Pope or Arch- 
 bishop. 
 
 {(/) Confiscations from the adherents of Becket. 
 
 (r) Henry's reconciliation with the Poix- and Becket. 
 
n 
 
 \k 
 
 30 ANGEVIN PERIOD. 
 
 (/) Return of Becket to Canterbury, 11 70. 
 der in Cathedral. 
 
 His 111 
 
 ^ifc*.- 
 
 Ill 
 
 4. Henry's Victory : 
 
 (a) No recognition of the Pope, no legate in Kngla 
 no church court or court decree, no bishop or ab 
 or prior, without the King's consent. 
 
 (d) The church the instrument of Henry's policy. 
 
 5. Robbery and Banishment of the Jews. 
 
 6. Completion of St. Paul's Cathedral. 
 
 VII. The Conquest of Ireland, 1172 :— 
 
 1. Appeal of Dermot, King- of Leinster, for English 
 
 against his neighbors ; Richard de Clare (Strongh 
 in Ivcinster ; Strongbow, the son-in-law and succe 
 to Dermot. Henry's jealousy over Strongbow'.s s] 
 cesses. 
 
 2. First Conquest of Ireland, 1173 : 
 
 (a) Henry, " Overlord of Ireland." 
 
 {d) Order, law, justice, instead of anarchy. 
 
 {c) Influx of English settlers. 
 
 (d) Curtailment of the power of the barons. 
 
 (e) Henry's recall to England. 
 
 3. Appointment of John as King over Ireland, 1 1 
 
 (a) Retinue of Norman-French Knights. 
 
 (d) Course of j)hmder, confiscation, devastation. 
 
 {c) John's insults to the Irish princes. 
 
 {(i) John's departure from Ireland, 1186 : Ireland i 
 shattered state ; England's power limited to 
 Pale. 
 
 VIII. Henry and the Barons :— 
 
 I. Revolt of the Baronage : 
 
 (a) Scotland, Ireland, Wales, half of England,! 
 revolt with the lawless barons, together 
 Henry's sons, Henry. Richard, Geoffrey ; supj 
 of Flanders and France. 
 
 {^) I 
 
 (^) 
 
 B 
 
 
 h 
 
 , (d) 
 
 E 
 
 
 C 
 
 (e) 
 
 D 
 
 
 
 
 2. Compl 
 
 {a) 
 
 T 
 
 
 E 
 
 (*) 
 
 \^ 
 
 ic) 
 
 N 
 
 (d) 
 
 R 
 
 
 II 
 
 3. Revolt 
 
 (a) 
 
 D< 
 
 B.-RI 
 
 e Crus{ 
 
 Richard 
 
 2. Sale of 
 
 honors 
 
 3. Sufferin: 
 
 4. Richard 
 
 (a) Qu 
 (d) Cor 
 (c) Siei 
 id) Vic 
 ((?) Fni 
 Jer 
 (./■) Tn 
 i. Faithful! 
 
II70. His 111 
 
 Ejate in Engla 
 lo bishop or ab 
 ent. 
 
 nry's policy. 
 
 ws. 
 
 r, for English 
 :lare (StrongbJ 
 aw and succesi 
 Strongbow'ii si 
 
 rchy. 
 arons, 
 
 Ireland, 11 f 
 
 Its. 
 evastation, 
 
 86 : Ireland il 
 ir limited to \ 
 
 of England,) 
 i, together 
 rcoffrey ; supJ 
 
 BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIEF. 
 
 31 
 
 {d) Ivoyalty of the towns and the trading-clas.se.s 
 
 (c) Defeat and capture of the vScottish King. Acknow- 
 ledgment of Engli.sh suzerainty over vScotland. 
 
 (d) Dispersion of the French and Flemish fleet off 
 Qravelines. 
 
 (e) Destruction of the feudal l^aronaee 
 order. 
 
 Restoration of 
 
 Latin in law, 
 
 3- 
 
 Completion of circuit-court justice : 
 {a) The language : French at the court, 
 
 English amongst the masses. 
 (d) Written law and court procedure. 
 {c) New oath of fealty. 
 (flT) Re^-^ewal of the "Assizes" at Northampton, 
 
 Revolt of Richard and John in Normandy : 
 (a) Defeat and death of Henry II, 1189. 
 
 B. -RICHARD I (COEUR DE LION) 1189-1199. 
 
 'he Crusades:— 
 
 Richard's use of Henry II's hoards. 
 
 Sale of fortresses, charters, church and crown lands 
 
 honors and offices, and the suzerainty of Scotland 
 vSufferings of the Jews through extortion. 
 Richard and the 3rd Crusade, 1190-1194 
 
 I. 
 2, 
 
 3- 
 
 4- 
 
 (a) Quarrels in Sicily. 
 (*) Conquest of Cyprus. 
 (c) Siege of Acre. 
 id) Victory at Jaffa. 
 (<?) Fruitless march on 
 Jerusalem. 
 
 (/) Truce with vSaladin. 
 Faithfulness of the Justiciar, Walter, in England 
 
 (g-) Shipwreck. 
 
 {/i) Imprisonment in 
 Germany ; ransom 
 by KnglaiuL 
 Rebellion of John 
 with tlie support of 
 Philip of France. 
 
 (0 
 
32 
 
 ANGEVIN PERIOD. 
 
 II. Richard in Engrland : — 
 
 1. Suppression of John's rebellion ; banishment of 
 
 rebel. 
 
 2. Misery of the English through heavy taxation. 
 
 3. Richard's personal rule of 5 months of little moment 
 
 England. 
 
 III. Richard in Normandy :— ^ 
 
 1. Revolt of Normandy. 
 
 2. vSiege of the Castle of Chaluz. Death of Richard. 
 
 3. "Beginning of the break-up of the Angevin Empire. 
 
 IV. Character of Richard I. :— 
 
 lyove of music and adventuie, pride in physical strenj; 
 generosity, daring valor, unscrupulousness, violenct 
 
 V. Effects of the Crusades :— 
 
 Intercourse of nations. 
 
 Commerce with the East. 
 
 Impetus to travel and discovery. 
 
 Rivalry in the carrying trade of the seas. 
 
 _ Introduction" of physical and mathematical science fn 
 the East. 
 
 6. Diminished power of the nobles through sale of estat 
 
 7. Monetary, instead of military, service to the Papacy. 
 
 8. Decay of fanaticism ; increase of persecutions 
 inquisitions. 
 
 3- 
 4- 
 5. 
 
 JOHN, 1199-1216 
 
 I. War with France :- 
 
 I. John's murder of his nephew, Arthur of Brittany. 
 
 I. John'{ 
 
 1. Cauj 
 
 (a) 
 
 {b) 
 
 2. Eng 
 
 3. Johi 
 
 (a) 
 
 2. I^oss of John's French provinces. 
 
 4- 
 
 Johj 
 
 5. 
 6. 
 
 {a) 
 
 The 
 
 Jol 
 
 Johi 
 
 
 cep 
 
 II. John 
 
 I. 
 
 Caui 
 
 
 («) 
 
 
 (0 
 
 
 id) 
 
 
 (e) 
 
 2. 
 
 The 
 
 
 («) 
 
BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIEF. 
 
 33 
 
 iiishinent of 
 
 cal science frJ 
 
 \l. John's Quarrel with Pope Innocent III. . - 
 
 1. Cause : 
 
 (a) Election of Stephen Langton at Rome to succeed 
 Archbishop Walter. 
 
 (6) John's refusal to accept him. 
 
 2. England under Interdict, 1208-1212. 
 
 3. John's Oppression of the Barons : 
 
 (a) Hostage pledges of allegiance. 
 
 {5) Illegal exactions and seizure of castles. 
 
 {c) Overthrow of Irish, Scottish, Welsh baronial re- 
 volts. 
 
 4. John's Defiance of the Church : 
 (a) Confiscations of church property. 
 
 5. The Pope's excommunication and deposition of 
 John. 
 
 6. John's submission as the vassal of the Pope ; ac- 
 ceptance of L^angton as Archbishop. 
 
 [II. John's Quarrel with the Barons :— 
 
 1. Causes : 
 
 (a) John's character : Faithless, shameless, cruel, mean, 
 cowardly, selfish, superstitious, ungrateful, licen- 
 tious, avaricious, yet clever and vivacious. 
 
 (d) Heavy taxation for foreign war purposes. 
 
 (c) Refusal of the Barons to follow John in the French 
 War. 
 
 (d) Sense of national shame at England's humiliating 
 submission to the Pope. 
 
 (e) Union of the Barons, the Church, and the People 
 against tyranny. 
 
 2. The Quarrel : 
 
 (a) Council of the barons, bishops, nnd reeves at St. 
 Alban's : England's first national representative 
 assembly : 
 
 ( I ) Archbishop Langton, leader of England against 
 lawlessness and tyranny. 
 
34 ANGEVIN PEKIOD. 
 
 (2) Appeal for the observance of Henry's cliaitl 
 and the Confessor's Law. 
 
 (b) Council of barons at St. Paul's : 
 
 ( i) John's assent to Henry's Charter. 
 
 (c) John's Defeat at Bouvines, 1314, in N Franj 
 Return to England. 
 
 (d) Council of barons at St. Edmundsbury : 
 (r ) Demands of a nation in arms. 
 
 (e) The Conference at Runnyniede, laig : 
 
 IV. TLe Great Charter (Magma Charta), 1215 ; 
 
 1. The Church : Guarantee of freedom and rights. 
 
 2, The Constitution : 
 
 (a) Prelates, abbots, earls, and barons to be sumnioij 
 to the Common Council by Royal writ. 
 
 (b) No levy of taxes by unlawful means. 
 
 (c) No scutage or other aid without consent of tl 
 Great Council. 
 
 (d) Restrictions of royal f ffcers to the law. 
 3. Justice: 
 
 (a) " No imprisonment or punishment of .subiects el 
 cept by judgment of peers." 
 
 (d) " Justice and right not to be bought, .sold, denie 
 or delayed." 
 
 (c) " King and subjects to obey the law and resw 
 the rights of others." ^ 
 
 (d) Removal of forest-law abuses. 
 {e) Security to trade. 
 
 (/) vSecurity to the charters and nmnicipal privilej 
 of cities and towns. ^ f si 
 
 4- Guarantee of the Charter : 
 
 (a) Executive of 25 representative barons to see to il 
 observance. 
 
Henry's chart| 
 
 :er. 
 
 . in N. Fraud 
 
 )ury : 
 
 >I5 : 
 
 R.), 1215 : 
 I rights. 
 
 ;o be sumnioiii 
 vrit. 
 
 consent of t'J 
 law. 
 
 L>f subjects eJ 
 
 BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIEF. 
 
 35 
 
 John's attempts to evade the Charter :- 
 
 Appeal to the Pope as overlord • 
 (a) Annulling of the charter by the Pope 
 3) Excommunication of recalcitrant barons 
 (c) buspension of I^angton 
 Barons' ofTer of the Crown to Louis of France 
 . John s victories o.er the barons with n.ercenary troops 
 I. ^-;j-ptance of the barons' offer nd a'rri:aT in 
 j. John's retreat to Wales. Death of the English King. 
 
 benefits of the Magna Charta - 
 
 ''The earliest monument of English freedom." 
 
 The recog,„t,„„ of the great reforms of past rdgns 
 Security of mu,„cipal privileges to cities and towns. 
 
 , sold, deuie 
 w and respe 
 
 HENRY Ml. 1216-1272 
 
 le Kingr's Minority, 1216-1227 : - 
 
 Chief officers : Wm Marqhal t?o^i c j^ 
 ernor Of the K^n.^J'^l^^Sl^^^^-;: ^Oov- 
 
 First re-issue of the Great Charter. 
 Defeat of Louis at LIncnIn K^r -d u , 
 Channel by De Burgh ^ ^^'»^^oke, and in the 
 
 Peace of Lambeth : Departure of Louis with a subsidy 
 IS to see to i| Second re-issue of the Great Charter ^ " 
 
 Arrival of Dominican and Franciscan Friars in England 
 ^ uifd re-issue of the Great Charter. " 
 
 ipal privilegJ 
 
I in 
 
 i "it. 
 
 36 
 
 ANGEVIN PERIOD. 
 
 II. The King's Personal Administration :— 
 
 1. Henry's character: Capricious, weak, vain, fri 
 
 impulsive, superstitious, false, extravagant, ge 
 amiable, easily led by favorites, fond of poetry i 
 
 2. Death of Lang'ion, one of England's greatest pati 
 3 English bishoprics and livings filled by the Po 
 
 Italian priests. 
 
 4. Quarrel between Henry and De Bur^h, Fall 
 
 latter ; loss of the Justiciarship and his estates. 
 
 5. Marriage of the King to Eleanor of Provence. IV 
 
 of the King's sister, Eleanor, to Simon de M 
 Governor of Gascony. 
 
 6. Rule of royal foreign favorites : 
 
 (a) Anarchy, pillage, corruption. 
 
 (b) Papal extortion and usurpation. 
 
 {c) Lavish use of Papal interdict and excomnmii 
 (d) Papal alliance with the tyrann»y of the Crow 
 {e) Extortions from the Jews. 
 
 7. Protests from the Great Council to the Pope. 
 
 8. Henry's exactions : Forest-law extortions ; pen 
 
 foreign favorites. 
 
 9. Henry's disastrous expedition to Brittany and P 
 
 10. Refusal of the Great Council ( now first called 
 
 ment," 1246) to grant further subsidies. 
 
 11. Simon de Montfort : 
 
 {a) Character : Pure, faithful in word and de 
 lute to defend justice and the right ; " a tr 
 to England and better government" 
 champion of English freedom." 
 
 12. Proposals in Parliament by De Montfort, the chi 
 
 of the barons : 
 
 (a) Election in Council of Justiciar, Chancelj 
 
 Treasurer. 
 (d) Advisory Privy Council of 12 barons. 
 {c) Confirmation of the Great Charter. 
 
 Results : 
 
 (a) The ] 
 
 (d) Disre 
 
 of th 
 
 (r) Quan 
 
 rovisioni 
 
 3nt"):- 
 
 [Artieles o 
 {a} Refor 
 (d) Three 
 {c) Restoi 
 (d) A Stan 
 ((?) Annuj 
 
 (/) Accou 
 urer t< 
 
 (.?•) A ren< 
 
 'ope's relea 
 
 >pen hostili 
 
 Reference o 
 trator. 
 
 he Mlse o 
 
 (a) Anaulli 
 
 (d) Appoin 
 of the ; 
 
 (c) The Ki; 
 m) Recogn 
 
 {e) Right c 
 |(/) Henry'! 
 
 e Barons 
 
 ^utiny and c 
 'yondon. 
 
 tenry's defej 
 T^dward hel< 
 
;ration :— 
 
 fri 
 
 eak, vain, 
 ctravagant, _ 
 :)nd of poetry i 
 
 s greatest pali 
 
 ed by the Po 
 
 Burgh. Fall 
 id his estates. 
 ' Provence. IVI 
 Simon de M( 
 
 BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIRF, 
 
 37 
 
 nd excoinnmu 
 ly of the Crow 
 
 the Pope, 
 tortious ; pen 
 
 V first called 
 sidies 
 
 word and dee 
 
 ! right ; " a tril 
 
 government ' 
 
 1." 
 
 itfort, the chid 
 
 ciar, Chancel] 
 
 barons, 
 arter. 
 
 Results : 
 (-0 The Pope's denunciation of the proposals 
 
 " ofthfbaLt'.""'""*""^'"^'^"^- K— '—t 
 (r) Quarrel between the King and De Monttort. 
 
 rovistons of Oxford, 1268 ("Mad Parlta. 
 
 Articles of demand : 
 
 !m ^.^^°'"' °^ ^^'^ government by 24 barons. 
 
 {d) Three sessions of Parliament every year 
 
 {cj Restoration of confiscated castles to Englishmen 
 
 (d) A standing advisory Privy Council. 
 
 (e) Annual election of sheriffs 
 
 '^' ureT?o lfj^vy^'ot"c^f -• J""^^^-' ^'^ '^— 
 (.?•) A rendering of public accounts every year 
 
 >ope's release of Henry's assent to the "Provisions " 
 
 'pen hostilities. 
 
 ^ekrence of the "Provisions" to Louis IX. as arbi- 
 
 ittany and Pojhe Mise or Award of Amiens, 1364 • 
 
 , fir«fr p«llpd '■ {a) An;iulling of the "Provisions " 
 
 f oF?hi"Kh^'""' ^^"""^^ "''°«^-- i" the hands 
 Uc) The King in all matters absolute. 
 m Recognition of the Great Charter 
 Ue) Right of Henry to retain foreigners in office. 
 {/) Henry s nght to retenti. a of the confiscated castles. 
 le Barons' War, 1258-1265 — 
 b;2n"^ ^'^"^^^ °^ ^^^ 2—- Ope" resistance of 
 terA%"'jf,^.^Ptureat Lewes. ,264. Prince 
 
 ' i! 
 
38 
 
 ANGEVIN PERIOD. 
 
 ii:!l 
 
 5. 
 
 De Montfort's First English Parliaments, 1365 
 
 (a) House of Lords' element : 23 barons, 120 ec 
 
 iastics. 
 (/;) House of Commons' element : 2 Knights from I 
 
 shire, elected by the freeholders of the col 
 
 in the County Court ; 2 citizens elected by 
 
 town. 
 Escape of Edward. Defeat and death of De Montfcj 
 
 Evesham, 1365. 
 Peace of KenHworth, ia66 : 
 (a) Restoration of the barons' honors and lands. 
 {/)) Banishment of the De Montfort family. 
 
 (c) Confirmation of the "Provisions." 
 
 V. Progress of Engrland : - 
 
 1 . Rise of the People : General prosperity and grovj 
 
 power. 
 
 2. Rise of the English Parliament : 
 
 {a) Growing frequency and importance of the 
 
 sentative assembly. 
 {h) Growing demand for Responsible Governmenl 
 
 {c) Grant of subsidies to the King coupled 
 acknowledgment of rights and removal of wi 
 Influence of the Universities on the intellectua 
 of England 
 (a) Against the spirit of Feudalism. 
 
 (d) Against Papal exactions. 
 Great Scholars : 
 
 (a) Roger Bacon, a learned Oxford teacher. 
 
 {b) Duns Scotus, an Oxford scholar. 
 
 (r) Matthew Paris, a monk-historian. 
 
 General Advancement : 
 
 {a) Introduction of a gold coinage. 
 
 (d) License to dig coal. 
 
 (/) Introduction of linen manufacture by the Flen 
 
 ^■ 
 
 
 %^%f%%% t\.€ i ^\d 
 
 >«■« titf-k** ' a /^#\«>i f\at3t 
 
 .iiTdii.iVfii KTt \*»v- ftt«iiji^.» tr vr." 
 
 ^^.!' 
 
lents, 1365 
 
 »arons, 120 ec 
 
 BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIEF. 
 •272-1307 
 
 E.-EDWARO I 
 
 i/haracter :— 
 
 39 
 
 
 IS elected by 
 of De Montfi 
 
 s and lands, 
 family. 
 
 I) 
 
 rity and grow 
 
 ance of the 
 
 e Governmen 
 
 ing coupled 
 •enioval of wi 
 
 he intellectu 
 
 eacher. 
 
 re by the Fleij 
 
 [Edward's Law Reforms - 
 
 -l*ts ; lial.n"; to 1"priso,fmf" "''''"? ^ •"> t™''""' 
 perty. ' imprisonment or distraint of pro- 
 
 " Statute of Mortmain " ■ t„ 
 land. ""''^'" • ^° P'-event unjiust holding of 
 
 Organization of Law Courts • 
 
 («) keepers of the Peace or JusUces of ti. n 
 
 for each shire. Ji'f'ticcs ot the Peace, one 
 
 ib) SheHffs^ or Comity Court. 
 
 {c) Court of Kirnr's fi(,f,fi, / ^ ... 
 
 {d\ Court nfr. ™ ' ^"^ P"^^l'c questions. 
 
 \ii) f-ourt 0/ Common Pleas for t»ri.-... •. 
 
 W/t/SiM/. •^y'-ouHcil, a Supreme Court of 
 
 ■irst Full English Parliament. 1295 • 
 
 -cht.,wn;.cie?^;VomeadrdiocS. ' "'"™' '™" 
 
 ! 1' 
 
! 'Kil 
 
 40 
 
 Issue of a const 
 
 ! I 
 
 ANGEVIN PERIOD. 
 
 2. Features : 
 
 {a) Fresh election for each session 
 
 tutional sheriff's writ. 
 {b) Payment of members. 
 {c) The King's recognition of Parliament's sole pow 
 
 to tax the nation. 
 {(i) Restriction of place of meeting to Westminster 
 
 rv. Conquest ofWales, 1282 — 
 
 1. Refusal of Llewellyn, Prince of Wales, to do homage 
 
 Edward. 
 
 2. Turbulence of the barons on the Welsh border. 
 
 3. Edward in Wales. Submission of Llewellyn. Pe 
 
 with Wales. 
 
 4. Rebellion of Llewellyn and his brother David. Capt 
 
 and execution of both. 
 
 5. Settlement of Wales : 
 
 (a) Edward's policy of justice and conciliation. 
 [d) Introduction of English laws and government. 
 {c) Division of Wales into shires and hundred r 
 {d) Abolition of barbarous Welsh customs by 
 "Statute of Wales." 
 
 6. First English Prince of Wales, 1301. 
 
 V. War with Scotland :- 
 
 1. Extent of Scotland: 
 
 (a) Pidland, north of Forth and Clyde. 
 yb) Scotland proper. Southwest Argyle. 
 \c) Cumbria or Strathclyde, Galloway. 
 {d) Lothian, Anglian settlement between Forth 
 Tweed. 
 
 2. Early relations of English and Scottish crowni 
 
 («) Submisbioii Oi ocoliana lo r.awarii liic j-.mc:, 
 (A) Grant of Sirtolhclyde to Malcolm I by Edmund, 
 
 Clai 
 mar 
 Edj 
 
 Mai 
 Ma] 
 
 Cap 
 of S 
 The Sco1 
 
 id) 
 
 4. 
 
 {a) 
 
 Des 
 
 
 "]V 
 
 {b) 
 
 Pro 
 anc 
 
 {c) 
 
 Dej 
 
 
 sov 
 
 id) 
 
 Acl 
 Ed 
 
 ie) 
 
 Ed. 
 
 
 aga 
 
 (/) 
 
 Ho 
 
 U) Ed. 
 dec 
 
 (/OEdi 
 Fr< 
 
 (0 
 
 Sec 
 Fre 
 
 U) 
 
 Sec 
 
 Firs 
 
 tw 
 
 (") 
 
 Ed 
 
 [f>) 
 
 Ba 
 
 (0 
 
 Ed 
 
 ('0 
 
 Ro 
 
 (^') 
 
 Bal 
 En 
 
 Willian 
 
 i.'i) 
 
 Wt 
 
 
 St 
 
BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIEF. 
 
 41 
 
 sue of a const! 
 
 to do homage I 
 
 David. Capti 
 
 ween Forth 
 
 ttish crown* 5 
 
 {c) Claim of Scotland to the English throne through 
 
 marriage of Malcolm III to Margaret, sister of 
 
 Edgar Atheling, 1070. 
 {ci) Marriage of Henry I to Matilda, daughter of 
 
 Malcolm and Margaret. 
 (e) Capture of William the Lion. Acknowledgment 
 
 of Scotland's vassalage to England, 1174. 
 The Scottish. Succession : 
 (a) Death of Alex. Ill, 1286. Heiress, Margaret the 
 
 " Maid of Norway." 
 (/;) Proposed marriage of Edward, Prince of Wales, 
 
 and Margaret. 
 {c) Death of Margaret, 1290. Scotland without a 
 
 sovereign. 
 {d) Acknowledgment, by the chief Scottish nohles, of 
 
 Edward as overlord, 1290. 
 {e) Edward's decision in favor of Balliol's claim as 
 
 against Bruce's claim to the throne. 
 (/) Homage of Balliol for Scotland. 
 (jf) Edward's permission of appeal to him against 
 
 decisions of Scottish kw courts. 
 (A) Edward's demand of Scottish nobles' aid in the 
 
 French wars. 
 ( /) Secret treaty between the Scottish nobles and the 
 
 French King. 
 (y) Scottish invasion and devastation of Cumberland. 
 \. First War with Scotland, 1297 : 
 {(i) Edward's capture of Berwick. 
 (f>) Balliol's renunciation of allegiance to England. 
 {c) Edward's seizure of Edinburgh, Stirling, Perth. 
 {(I) Robert Bruce the ally of Edward. 
 (e) Balliol a prisoner in England. Appointment of an 
 
 English Council to govern Scotland. 
 
 William Wallace : 
 ill) Wallace's defeat of the English at Lanark and at 
 Stirling. 
 
^^ ANfJEVlN PERIOD. 
 
 (/>) Wallace "Guardian of the Realm" i„ Ball 
 
 (c) Wallace's defeat at Falkirk. Capture and ex 
 
 Ut) Second conquest of Scotland, 1304 : 
 
 ( I ) Government by a Council of Scottish nobl 
 
 6. Robert Bruce the Younger : 
 
 {a) The struggle for Scottish mdepen.lence hr 
 crowned at Scone, 1306 
 
 ^''^ K?trgri3or ^^""^'^ ^'■^"^ ^^"^"^^^- ^^-th of 
 ^' ^J;j;^„«o"««t"«oiial changes in Edward 
 
 I. Modern English Constitution : King Lords Cn 
 mons, Cuur^s of Justice, local and p;ovfncial U, 
 
 Vin<lication of Parliament's right to control taxati, 
 Zri^lT::' '°"P^"' ^^'^ P^^^^'"- f- redn 
 The consolidation of Britain. 
 
 2. 
 3- 
 
 4. 
 
 Vn. other Changres :— 
 
 I Decrease in the number of the greater nobles. , 
 
 2. Rise of the tenant-farmers, growing passion for t 
 
 l)ossession of land. ^ passion tor t| 
 
 3. Growth of the towns in wealth and influence • 1 
 
 (a) Security of justice, self-government, self-taxatio 
 {/>) Guilds : Brotherhood Frith Guilds or Peace C1..3 
 Merchant Guilds, Craft Guilds. ^^"1 
 
 (c) Struggle between the Merchant and Craft Guil 
 for commercial and tuuuini,.»i ^...__ ^™" '^""1 
 
BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIEF. 
 
 43 
 
 in Edward 
 
 and Craft GuilJ 
 
 4. Extension of English commerce : Increased export of 
 
 wool. * 
 
 5. Improvement in the coinage: Introduction of half- 
 
 pennies and farthings. 
 
 6. Expulsion of the Jews for alleged extortions. 
 
 F.-EDWARD M. 1307-1327 
 
 ^*13of l^Sl^®*^®®** *^® ^^"^ ^"* **^® Barons, 
 
 1. Cause : 
 
 (a) Recall ot the banished Piers Gaveston, the King's 
 favorite. 
 
 2. Banishment of the profligate Gaveston, by demand of 
 
 Parliament. 
 
 3. Gaveston the King's Regent in Ireland. 
 
 4. The Earl of Lancaster, head of the baronage in opposi- 
 
 tion to the Court and Gaveston. 
 
 5. Articles of complaint to the King regarding : 
 
 (a) Purveyance: Purchase of provisions at prices fixed 
 by royal officers. 
 
 (d) New tax on alien merchants. 
 
 (c) Uncertainty of the coinage value. 
 
 (d) Maladministration of officials. 
 
 6. The King's acceptance of the articles. 
 
 7. Return of Gaveston. Fresh complaints of the nobles 
 
 Government entrusted to 21 " Lords Ordainers." 
 
 8. The Ordinances : 
 
 (a) Parliament at least once a year. 
 
 (d) Counsel and consent of the baronage for the ap- 
 pointment of State offioer.s, levying of forces, 
 declaration of war, absence of the King from the 
 realm. 
 
 (c) Banishment of Gaveston and other foreign favorites. 
 
 {(i) Provisions for the proper administration of Govern- 
 ment ftlirl r>b«*«rvntw'o nf f]tp. <^l,«..tu- 
 
 M. 
 
44 
 
 ANGEVIN PERIOD. 
 
 II 
 
 3- 
 4- 
 
 9. The King's evasion of the Ordinances. Recall 
 Gavestoii. 
 
 10. Rising of the barons. Execution of Gaveston. 
 Scottish War of Independence, 1312 1323: - 
 
 1. Bruce's capture of Linlithgow, Perth, Roxburgh! 
 Edinburgh. Siege of Stirling. 
 
 2. Defeat of the English at Bannockburn, 1314. 
 
 {a) Surrender of Stirling. 
 
 (6) Scotland free of the English yoke. 
 
 Famines and plague in England. 
 
 I^ancaster, chief of the Council and virtual ruler of thi 
 Kingdom. 
 
 Attack on Ireland by Edward Bruce, Robert's brotherl 
 
 1315 : 
 
 (a) His coronation as King of Ireland at Carrick] 
 fergus. 
 
 (d) Defeat and death at Dundalk, i3i8. 
 Scottish capture of Berwick. 
 
 Parliament's attack on Edward's new favorites thd 
 Despensers. Exile of the latter. 
 
 8. The King in arms. Defeat and execution of Lancaster] 
 
 9. Truce with the Scots for i ~ years, 1323. 
 
 10. Treaty of Northampton, i3a& : 
 
 (a) Formal recognition of the independence of Scotl 
 land. ' 
 
 (b) Acknowledgment of Bruce as King. 
 III. The Kind's Fall :- 
 
 I. The King's York parliament : 
 
 (a) Recall of the Despensf^rs. Repeal of the Ordinances! 
 (d) Share of the Commons in legislation deterrainedf 
 
 "All matters to be established by the king! 
 
 prelates, earls, barons, and the commonalty of tli( 
 
 realm." (The Commons heretofore consulted 
 
 taxation oulv. \ 
 
 6. 
 
 7. 
 
 on 
 
 :. The Ki] 
 
 r. 
 
 Conn 
 
 2. 
 
 Quari 
 
 
 exe( 
 
 3- 
 
 Quee 
 
 I. Rene\v 
 
 I. 
 2. 
 
 Regei 
 Coroi 
 
 3- 
 
 (*) 
 
 Edwa 
 
 4- 
 
 5. 
 
 His c 
 Eng 
 
 Ed. B 
 
 6. 
 
 David 
 Nev 
 
 / • 
 
 *'%.^-«7*\^ 
 
:es. Recall 
 
 4- 
 5- 
 6. 
 
 BRITISH HISTORY IN" BRIKP. 
 
 45 
 
 Troubles with France. 
 
 Quarrel between Edward and Queen Isabella : 
 
 (a) Flight of the Queen, her son Edward, and Morti- 
 nier to France. 
 
 (d) League for the overthrow of the Kintr and the 
 Despensers. 
 
 {c) The Queen's invasion of England. 
 
 (d) Flight of the King and Despensers to Wales. 
 Deposition of the King by Parliament. 
 Murder of Edward II in Berkeley Castle, 1327. 
 Character of the King: "Frivolous, fickle, indolent 
 
 headstrong; fond of low companions, revelry and 
 
 if 
 
 id at CarrickJ 
 
 dence of Scot 
 
 G.— EDWARD III. 1327-1377 
 
 :. The Kingr's Minority :— 
 
 1. Council of Regency. 
 
 2. Quarrel between the Council and Mortimer. Arre.st and 
 execution of Mortimer. 
 
 3. Queen Isabella a prisoner for life. 
 
 Renewal of the Scottish War : - 
 
 1 . Regency of David Bruce. 
 
 2. Coronation of Edward Balliol at Scone : 
 (a) His acknowledgment of England's suzerainty. 
 {b) Expulsion of Balliol from Scotland, 
 
 3. Edward Ill's victory at Halldon Hill, 1333. 
 
 4. His capture of Berwick. Annexation of Lothian to 
 England. 
 
 5. Ed. Balliol, vassal King of Scotland north of the Forth. 
 
 6. David II's invasion of England. Defeat and capture at 
 Neville'A Cro55, 1346. 
 
 ,. «v•.,«^^;r«l.lvti VI jL^aviu tw otuiianu on rausotii, 1347. 
 
46 
 
 ANGEVIN PERIOD. 
 
 '! 
 
 III ! 
 
 t'll i' j 
 
 ' .1 
 ■I 
 
 tl 
 
 8. Declaration of truce, and equal trade advantages fori 
 
 years. I 
 
 9. Renewal of the alliance between Scotland and Franc e| 
 
 III. The Hundred Years' War, 1338-1153 :— 
 
 1. Causes : 
 
 (a) Philip VI 's support of Scotland against Edwardj 
 (d) His designs on Aquitaine. 
 
 (c) Edward Ill's assumption of the title "KinL'l 
 France." ^ 
 
 (d) English aid to Flanders against the Flemish ruJ 
 
 Count Louis. 
 
 2. Edward's Claim to the French throne : 
 
 {a) Edvv^ard III the grandson of Philip IV of Fraiil 
 through Isabella. 
 
 (d) Philip VI the grandson of Philip *III of France I 
 
 3. The War : 
 
 'a) English naval victory off Sluys, 1340. 
 
 (d) Unsuccessful French attack on Portsmouth, 13] 
 
 (c) English victory at Crecy, 1346. First use of J 
 powder. Capture of Calais. ' 
 
 (d) Truce, owing to the "Black Death " in England 
 
 (e) English victory at Poitiers, 1356 : King tJ 
 taken prisoner to England. 
 
 (/) Treaty of Bretigny, 1360 : 
 
 ( 1 ) Edward's renunciation of claii . to the FreJ 
 crown. 
 
 (2) Edward, independent sovereign over Au 
 taine, Foitou, Gascony, Calais. 
 
 (3) Ransom for John, 3,000,000 gold crowns. 
 (ir) Campaign of the Black Prince in Spain in supJ 
 
 of Pedro, the Cruel. Death of the Prince. I 
 
 (/t) Loss of French possessions except Calais, Bordeal 
 Bayonne, 1377. f 
 
 (i) Truce : Marriage of Ricliard II. and Isabella, daul 
 ter of Chas. VI. of France. 
 
BRITISH HISTORY IN B .^F 
 
 ^ ^ ^fr^i'^*"^' the "Maidof Orleans" P , • 
 of the English from France ^^^"^ ' Expulsion 
 
 (/) Tn^: Marriage of Henry VI. to Max^aret of 
 
 im) I^o- of all French possessions except Calais ^S, 
 Effects of the War, 1453: 
 {a) Exhaustion of England 
 
 fl ^"""l °^ ^"" <^°ntinental dominions. 
 {c) Destruction of commerce 
 
 (^) Renewal of serfage. 
 
 ^^^ ihItnar"cS.>^^ self-seeking secular persecutor of 
 
 [g) lowest ebb of English IJteratnre. 
 
 lise of the People : - 
 
 Farmer and Free Sorer Closes. ""'' ^'^'" "^ '^'^ 
 Purchase of freedom by serfs or villeins. 
 Industries : 
 
 («) Flemi h weavers in England 
 
 r\ l\^^r^ ''"'^"' ^'^^^ ^i"^ Normandy 
 {c) Wool trade with Flanders. 
 
 (^) Wine and salt trade with Gascony. 
 
 Introduction of a gold coinage. 
 
 Id crowns, 
 ipain in sup] 
 Prince. 
 
 aiais, Bordea ^t'**© Of Laborers : - 
 
 Black Death," 1348 • Dinnr,,,*- 
 o.e.ha.f. scarcity of l-bo"rir"Sb;fet±1 ^' 
 
 " o — • 
 
48 
 
 ANGEVIN PERIOD. 
 
 2. Struggle between 
 Laborers " : — 
 
 capital and labor : *' Statj 
 
 (a) Laborers' wages to remain as before the Pl<j 
 
 (b) Laborers to work on their lord's estate. 
 
 (c) Laborers not to leave their parish. 
 {d) Fugitive laborers to be branded and inipris 
 
 VI. JolinWyclif. 1324-1384:- 
 
 1. Great writers who broke away from old tradition! 
 
 («) Jno. Qower, 1320-1402 : moral poetry. 
 (b) Oeoffrey Chaucer, 1340-1400 : •• Caii 
 
 /air's." Father of our later English poetrj 
 {c) Langland: *' Vision 0/ Piers Plowman'' .\ 
 
 tent of the people under the old beliefs. 
 
 2. John Wyclif : 
 
 (a) Professor of Divinity, Balliol College, Oxf(j 
 {b) First English. Protestant or Reformer ; 
 ings : 
 
 (i) Denunciation of transubstantiation, exj 
 nication, pardons, indulgences, ahsl 
 pilgrimages, image and saint worshipl 
 ous \ows, tithes : 
 
 (2) The Bible the ground of faith. An 01 
 
 for al'. Freedom of conscience. 
 
 (3) The church subject to the state. Nd 
 for secular offices. Accusation of tnor{ 
 dation of the clergy. 
 
 (4) Denunciation of friars ns " Sturdy Fc^ 
 
 (5) Denunciation of Papal extortions. 
 
 (6) Resistance to tyranny, civil or religioJ 
 {c) Wyclif 's followers, " Lollards " or "idl 
 
 Oxford's support of Lollardry. 
 
 (d) Wyclif's expulsion from the University foj 
 (<?) Wyclif, the translator of the Bible into. 
 
 Father of our later English prose. " Thel 
 
 Star of the Reformation." 
 
bor : «' StatJ 
 
 BRITISH HiSTORy IN URIKF. 
 
 Parliamentary Progress .- 
 
 . First division into I.ords and Commons, 1332 • 
 {a) Bishops, abbots, peers in the Lords 
 (6) Knights and burgesses in the Commons 
 |. Parhament's denial of the Pooe's ric.hf t •" x, 
 ..™g. to foreigner., .o !^^\X ^r^&l l'^^'^^^ 
 
 foreig,, courts ^'"^''« °' "^nslish questions of law fo 
 "ngs'o?Sre„r,lS' """''■ -•'°<"^' »" P— ,- 
 
 The King's renunciation of the right of purveyance. 
 Statute of Kill, enny, 1367 ; 
 
 (.) Enforceu,ent of English law, language and cus- 
 
 M Pr°Wh!!r'1 '„""'""'''«"' ^"Siish and Irish. 
 11 c , .? '.'°" °' "" '""'"""l I"sl> games. 
 (rf) Prohibitioaof war with the natives. 
 First impeachment of Ministf>r« h-,, +»,= ^ 
 I prosecution before the Hre"cf'lJoJ5:, 137^"°"'^' '"^^ ' 
 [a) For misappropriation of public money 
 {^} For levy of taxes without permission 
 (^) For bribery and extortion 
 
 rfirs; c1llt?'..|°p'e'a£ "f '^ ''^""™'" °' "^^ «<"- 
 
 Appointment of auditors of public accounts 
 i<ight of Parliament to aepose or elect a King. 
 
 .'.■■.i'S. 
 
i r 
 
 li 
 
 I ii'i' 
 
 I ! 1 
 i 
 i 
 
 50 ANGEVIN PERIOD. 
 
 VIII. The Succession :— 
 
 1. Death of the Black Prince, 1346 ; of Edward III, 137! 
 
 2. Parliament's choice of the Black Prince's son, Rich! 
 
 3. Edward Ill's character: "Brave, wise, mere! 
 
 ambitions." 
 
 •'-• H.— RICHARD 1!. 1377-1399 
 
 I. The Peasant Revolt, 1381 :— 
 
 1. Causes : 
 
 (a) General discontent amongst serfs, laborers, 
 
 smaller tenants over " Statute of Laborers. " 
 {d) Oppression of the heavy poll-tax. 
 (c) Socialistic revolt of the I^ollards. 
 
 2. The Revolt: 
 
 (a) Iveaders of Labor : Jno. Ball, Wat Tyler, 
 Straw. 
 
 (6) Rise of ' ' the Commons " in Yorkshire, Lancasl] 
 Devon, Suffolk, Essex, Kent. 
 
 (c) Kentish and Essex rebels in London : Destruc 
 of John of Gaunt's palace. Temple Bar, and lu 
 of foreign merchants. Massacre of lawyers! 
 Flemings. 
 
 (d) Demands of the rebels : 
 
 (i) Abolition of Statute of Laborers. 
 
 (2) General par ion for past offences. 
 
 (3) Abolition of oppressive tolls and market 
 
 (4) Rent instead of labor. 
 
 (<?) Murder of the Chancellor and the Treasurer] 
 Kentish rebels. Death of Tyler. 
 
 (/) Suppression of the revolt. Execution of Balll 
 Straw. 
 
. I 
 
 BRITISH HISTORY IX brirp. 
 
 Effects of the Revolt : 
 
 {a) Final decay of villenage or slavery. 
 
 {0) Growth of free labor. 
 
 {c) Overthrow of Jno. of Gaunt "f^^ i 
 
 evildeerk^n^l- , ^^""*' ^he champion of 
 misrule at court " 
 id) Religious reaction : Persecution of Lollards. 
 
 Richard's Rule :— 
 
 Attempted invasion of Eng-land hv ft,» n- t, 
 and Scotland. ^-"giand by the allies, France and 
 
 Etiglish invasion of Scotland • 
 ^"^ Dtdee "' =*"""«''■ D»f-mH„e, Perth and 
 "" ^^LVllf^r^l^^,^^^^^^ at Otter. 
 
 Xt°r' ^''^■^y«8--' "- Ki..g: the Co„„ci, of 
 
 "cW^fES^ds""^"""'-" '388^ execution of Richard's 
 
 vSecond Law of Pramunir- t«,^ • 
 
 confiscation of proDert^ inf J"'P"sonnient and 
 
 of France. " ^ ^"'^ ^ marriage with Isabella 
 
 Richard an absolute King : 
 («) Execution of Gloucester a«^ a j , 
 
 ment of Warwick for iffe ^ '^'■'""'"- Impfison- 
 («) The^arliament, without leaders, the tool of .he 
 
 {c) Banishment of Norfolk fnr lifo ^f t^ 
 
 broke, Earl of HerXd, tr .oyars"'""' ■""'"«- 
 W ^^* of John of Gaunt; Richard's ^ei.ur.. of h,s 
 
 ''• of'lXi "'"""-' """^^^ of '"= Government 
 
52 
 
 ANGEVIN PERIOD. 
 
 II. Lancastrian Revolution and Richard's Fallj 
 
 1. Social and political discontent : Alienation of nob 
 
 landowners, merchants, laborers, and the Church, f| 
 Richard. 
 
 2. Return of Bolingbroke, now Duke of Lancaster. 
 
 3. Submission of Richard and resignation of the Crowj 
 
 Parliament. 
 
 4. Accusations of Parliament against Richard : 
 
 (a) His treatment of Bolingbroke, Gloucester, Arur 
 
 Norfolk and others. 
 {b) Breaches of the Constitution, tampering with 
 
 tice ; appeals to Rome. I 
 
 (c) Illegal taxation ; forced loans ; alienatioiil 
 
 crown lands. 
 {(i) Claim to the absolute right of legislation. 
 
 5. Deposition of Richard by Parliament. Electioij 
 
 Henry as King, 1399. 
 
 6. Mysterious death of Richard, 1400. 
 
 7. Richard II. 's character : Reckless, inconstant, rev« 
 
 ful, ambitious. 
 
 Examination QuestlonA on the Angrevln Period. 
 
 1. Toll what you know aV)out the growth of the constitution duriij 
 
 reiKiiH of the first three Ktiwards. 1875. 
 
 2. Review the reign of Henry II under the following headings : 
 
 (a) Extent of his dominions, {h) f liaracter of the King, (r) (A 
 between Becket and Henry. {<!) The Constitutions of Cluij 
 (t'l Tlie Assizes. (/) Henry's reforms, (g) The Conquest of li[ 
 1876. 
 
 3. CJlve an account of the rising of the peasantry in the reign of Rich 
 
 What were Its oAUsesand results? 187(1. 
 
 1 (Jlvc an account of the origin of the English Parliament. Exj'lal 
 dllTcrenee l)etween Its constiUiijon and that of the (Jreat Couhi| 
 indiutite the causes tiuit iinHluced the one out of the other. 1877 
 
 g »yy{j„ ,,n{^.o rs,, tVu. nlmk Dtiath. The HtntUte of Tjiliorers. The Riafl 
 Kilkenny, The l>aw of Praemunire, Provisions of Oxford. 187U. "" 
 
 tfl i 
 
BRITISH mSTORY IxN BRIEF. 
 
 bard's Fall 
 
 53 
 
 til what you know of the Crusades in whioh v„.,m.u . 
 k-aged. SLOW tl.e chief resultsVf'the wSs of theSuiaTs'^l^Sf '"'''' 
 
 fe of'(Sn;r,ri*'";li^ow'how'^the^""•;T^^"Tf *'-«^«* ^nViish 
 
 governed. 1885 "'*^ country imd previously l^^en 
 
 pffw'^LTwJr^^l^^r'alfy ff °f«J^-- ^^ »"^- English rule? 
 be?haTf^f i^t?' S'^"""^"-^^^ ^'^^«' '''^' '^"^ sketch the history of the 
 U what you know of the life, works, and influence of John AVyclif 
 
 !:o,.,uestof WalW;'}.) l^he\vU"iitKotIland:"l8^^^ '"'''- ^"^ '^"'^ 
 tefshSoT^'bof '''^'"'*'' ^""^ '"""*-'"«« «^ Simon de Montfort in 
 
 f r^J^MS^--'-- --i- --^. (;.) Orog 
 
 constant, reve 
 
 e reign of Rich 
 
r\' 
 
 111 
 
 11 
 
 D.— LANCASTRIAN PERIOD. 
 
 /j99-/^6/ : 62 years. 
 
 A.-HENRY IV. 1399-1413. 
 
 I. Henry IV. - 
 
 I. Connection of the Plantagenets prcyper with the Hij 
 of Lancaster and York : 
 
 Edward III. 
 
 Ed. (HI. Lionel, Jiio. of (Jaunt 
 I'rinco) inikc of Duke of 
 
 I ClurencL' Lancaster 
 
 Etlmunil 
 Duke of I 
 York 
 
 Rich. II. 
 
 Henr-jr IV. 
 Henry V. 
 Heury VI. 
 I'r. Eawanl. 
 
 Edwurd of York 
 
 Kichanl 
 Richard I 
 
 Ed. IV 
 
 Elizabeth 
 of York 
 
 Duke of (^farnnc'c 
 
 Kd. Pr.oi 
 
 Ed. V. Richard 
 
 2. Character of Henry IV : " Daring, watchful, active 
 
 3. Henry's claim to the throne : 
 
 (a) By heredity. (Note superiority of Clare 
 
 CI f*«*-»i \ 
 
 M 
 
i'' 
 
 r with the Hd 
 
 BRITISH HISTORY IN URIKf. 55 
 
 (6) By Parliamentary Title : Election by Parliament. 
 (e) By the choice of England. ' 
 
 Revolts Agrain&t Henry : - 
 
 '■ ''r„gfc„°/^r„';^^'''''''"-'''°''--' 'he Earlaof Hunt- 
 2. Rise of the Scots : 
 
 (a) Defeat by the Percies at Homildon Hill, 140a. 
 '■ ""oTuewellynT'^'^ under Owen Gkndower, descendant 
 
 i<i) Alliance of the Percies, the Welsh, Scots. 
 (*) Frencli aid in Wales. ' • 
 
 •TIP ercy (Hotspur). 
 
 ^''^ 1^09. ' ^^^^^^ °^"'^ Welsh by Prince Henry, 
 
 ' ^tbd P^rcl^^^t"^ "^' '"°^^' """""^^ "^ ""'^ 
 
 5. Rising of Percy, Earl of Northumberland, 1408 • 
 
 {a) His defeat and death at Bramham Hoor. 
 
 6. Capture of James, Prince of Scotland, son of Robt HI 
 
 ' ^>oru:"^:;golie"re"^^'^ ^^^^^^^^"^^ -- ^^i-^---." 
 
 |. Important Measures of Parliament :- 
 
 1. The Commons' right to vote money supplies to deter 
 
 2. The Commons' right to Freedom of Speech. 
 
 3. The Commons' privilege of freedom from arrest or 
 
 imprisonment. °^ 
 
 1 4. Recognition by the King of the powers of the Houses. 
 
 '■ i 
 

 !r 
 
 B' 
 
 
 2. 
 
 3- 
 
 56 . I.ANCASTRIAN PERIOD. 
 
 B -HENRY V. 1413-1422 
 
 I Renewed Persecution of the Lollards : - 
 
 1. War of the clergy on Lollardry. 
 
 2. Martyrdom of Sir John Oldcastle (Ivord Cobhauii 
 
 heresy. 
 
 II Renewal of the French or Hundred Yea 
 
 War, 1414-1422 - 
 
 I. Causes : 
 
 (a) Revival of the claim of Ed. III. 
 
 (d) French support in revolts against the Ilonsl 
 Lancaster. 
 
 Capture of Harfleur, 1414. 
 
 Victory of the English at Aglncourt 14 15, ReducI 
 of Normandy. 
 
 4. Siege and capture of Rouen, 1418. 
 
 5. Treaty of Troyes, 1420 : 
 
 (a) Acknowledgment of Henry as Regent of Era 
 during the life of Charles. 
 
 {d) Henry to be sovereign of France on the deati 
 Charles. 
 
 (r) Marriage of Henry with Catharine, daughtej 
 Charles. 
 
 (rf) Retention by England and France of their 
 laws ; neither to be subject to the other. 
 
 III. National Progress : — 
 
 1 . The Commons : 
 
 [a) Bills not to be altered on becoming statutes. 
 
 {b) No law to have force without the assent u\ 
 Commons. 
 
 (c) Grant of alien priories to the King. 
 {(i) Oppo.sition of the King to Conmions' propos 
 confisrate the property of the Church. 
 
 2. Treaties to promote trade with Holland, the Baltic loj 
 
 Flanders, Venice. 
 
 
BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIEF. 
 
 57 
 
 3. Activity in ship- building : the foundation of the British 
 ^ navy. 
 
 4. Wealth and influence of the merchant classes ; the coal 
 
 trade of Newcastle. 
 
 5. Increasing prosperity through free labor, and tenant 
 
 farming. 
 
 . Character of Henry V :— " Arrogant but jiist ; a 
 brave warrior, a wise statesman." 
 
 - ill 
 
 nst the Housi 
 
 1415. Reduc 
 
 , the Baltic tu| 
 
 C— HKNRY VI 1422-1461 
 
 I The Regency :-- 
 
 I, Council of 20 ; Duke of Bedford, Regent of France ; 
 Duke of Gloucester, " Protector of England." 
 
 Renewal of the French or Hundred Years' 
 War:- 
 
 1. Bedford's victories in France at Crevant and Verneuil, 
 
 2. Estrangement of the Duke of Burgundy from the 
 
 English alliance. 
 
 3. Quarrel of Gloucester and Beaufort, Duke of Somerset. 
 
 4. Siege of Orleans by the English, 1428. 
 
 5. Jeanne d'Arc, the " Maid of Orleans" : 
 
 {a) Relief of Orleans. 
 
 {d) Coronation of Chas. VII at Rheims. 
 
 {c) Capture of the heroine by the Burgundians, who 
 sold her to the English. 
 
 (d) Death of the Maid at the stake, 1431. 
 
 6. Death of Bedford ; alliance of Burgundy and France. 
 
 7. Truce : Henry's Marriage with Margaret of Anjou. 
 
 8. Loss of all French possessions except Calais, 145;^. 
 
 [I. Decline r^f the Parliament :— 
 
 I. Increase of the Royal Council's power : 
 
 (a) Its independence of King and Parliamentary 
 control. 
 
 
1 ! » 
 
 « t 
 
 I!! 
 
 s 
 
 1,'ii 
 
 tf 
 
 ^^ I-ANCASTRIAN PERIOD. — ,g Qp ^^^ 
 
 ^*^ the C*hirch°^ *^^ revenue, finances, trade, juJudOr" Til 
 
 (c) A Committee of royal nominees, the Kine's « 
 to Council instead of Parliament. ' 
 
 id) Character of Henry VI : "Weak in body ai 
 generous"' "' ^^*''"'' '^''^' ^"^^^^^ive, mer, 
 
 2. The House of Lords the governing bodv • P„J 
 
 plVtVn's'"^'^"' ^^"^' Parliamelts^r'etaiS"!' 
 
 3. The Commons the mere representative instrument ol 
 
 baronage and of the great landowners. '"^"""^"^ "' 
 4- Disfranchisement of the Commons . 
 
 ^'^^ £Ss2'"°'' °^ franchise to freeholders of lam 
 
 id) Interference with elections: Control of bor, 
 elections by the sheriffs. 
 
 IV. Jack Cade's Rebellion, 1450:- 
 
 '• ''St^cSiSS::^ ''-''' government .mi 
 2. Revolt of Kent, Surrey, Essex ; demands : 
 
 (a) Free Parliamentary elections. 
 
 (fi) Dismissal of foreign favorites. 
 
 (c) Change in the ministry. t^^^ 
 
 (d) Administrative and economic reforms 
 ^" ""Snyon."^ '^" ''^'^' '' Sevenoaks ; occupation 
 4. Defeat on London Bridge ; death of Cade near Lew efc^ ^''»*. 
 
 ""• "^r^ :^^o*r&1t,^?r/ 'J'^''^^'* -(Uncastrian,^^'' 
 I. Causes : 
 
 ^""^ t^rTe.^^ Uncastrian and Yorkist claim to 
 (d) Persecution of the Lollards. 
 
 ,oV^%^ 
 
 1 
 
IS OF THE ROSES ; 
 
 ■ AND 
 
 nces, trade, juJuDOR TIMES 
 
 i, the King's A 
 
 It. ' 
 
 ;ak in body at, 
 offensive, mere 
 
 g body ; Engl 
 Its of retainersf 
 
 B instrument oj 
 
 rs, 
 
 holders of laiiJ 
 3ntrol of borj 
 
 ernment Md 
 nds : 
 
 )rnis. 
 
 5 ; occupatioiij 
 
 de near I^ewe 
 
 Ivancastrian, M 
 
 ist claim to 
 
 
 ' !l 
 
 
! 9 
 
 6o 
 
 '^1 
 
 ML 
 
 'i 
 
 I,ANCASTRIAN PERIOD. 
 
 (c) Disfranchisement of voters; interference 
 elections. 
 
 (d) Odium of losses in France. 
 ((?) Connection of the Lancastrians with the clergj 
 (/) Unpopularity of the Queen and Beaufort(Someri 
 (^) Popularity of the Duk^ of Yoik with the Conn 
 
 and with the trading classes. 
 (h) The King's insanity. Appointment by the u 
 of the Duke of York "Protector and Defendei 
 the Realti ." 
 
 2. The Struggle : 
 
 the King a 
 
 First Battle of St. Albans . 
 {a) Death of Somerset 
 prisoner. 
 
 Battle of Bloreheath 
 
 Battle of Northampton ; Henry again 
 prisoner. Flight of Margaret to Scot- 
 land. York chosen successor to Henry 
 
 Battle of Wakefield: Death of Richard! 
 Duke of York ; murder of his son, the 
 Earl of Rutland 
 
 Battle of Mortimer's Cross: Edward, 
 Duke of York's defeat of Lancastrians 
 under Earl of Pembroke 
 
 Second battle of St. Albans ; release of| 
 the King 
 
 Battle of Tow ton : Flight of iienry and 
 Margaret to Scotland ; Kd\ nrd of York 
 
 declared King 
 
 Date. ^le*0"l 
 
 
 Part] 
 
 1454 
 
 York. 
 
 1459 
 
 York. 
 
 1460 
 
 York. 
 
 1460 
 
 Lancasti 
 
 I46I 
 I46I 
 
 I46I 
 
 York. 
 LaucastJ 
 
 York. 
 
interference 
 
 YORKIST PEBIOB. 
 
 1 461-1485 : 24 years. 
 A.— EDWARD IV. 1461-1483. 
 
 rar of the Roses (continued) : - 
 
 ate 
 
 Victori 
 Part] 
 
 454 
 
 York. 
 
 459 
 
 York. 
 
 ^60 
 
 York. 
 
 j6o 
 
 Lancasti 
 
 ^6I 
 
 York. 
 
 61 
 
 Lancasti 
 
 61 
 
 York. 
 
 Events. 
 
 |e of Hedgeley Moor : Defeat of Mar- 
 garet 
 
 le of Hexham : Flight of Margaret to 
 ^landers ; Henry VT. in the Tower. . 
 le of Edgecote : Defeat of Edward . . , 
 \a) Warwick and Clarence declared 
 
 traitors ; escape to France. 
 [b] Alliance of Margaret and Warwick, 
 c) Landing of Warwick at Dartmouth. 
 \d) Flight of Edward IV. to Flanders. 
 
 Henry VI. King again for 6 months. 
 
 Return of Edward IV. with aid 
 
 from Burgundy, 
 e of Barnet : Death of Warwick, " the 
 
 King-maker " 
 
 e of Tewkesbury : Defeat of Mar 
 
 garet 
 
 la) Death of Edward, Margaret's son. 
 \b) Murder of Henry VI. ; imprisonment 
 
 of Margaret. 
 {c) Ransom and return of Margaret to 
 
 France, 
 le of Bosworth : Henry Tudor's def .\t 
 or Kicnaru i,kk 
 
 \Ke) 
 
 Date. 
 
 I Victorious 
 Party. 
 
 1463 
 
 1463 
 1469 
 
 147 1 
 1471 
 
 1485 
 
 York. 
 
 York. 
 Lancaster. 
 
 York. 
 York. 
 
 Tudor. 
 
 61 
 
 I* 
 
62 
 
 YORKIST TMRIOO. 
 
 
 Il ir 
 
 II Effects of the Wars of the Roses : - 
 
 I. On the Barons: Overthrow of the Feudal Sv..; 
 
 King of castles, lands, titles, privileges ' 
 
 '■ ^grlilol^''^'^'^^''^'' '' ^"^"Suration of an era of rd 
 
 3. On the Church : Loss of the patronage of the barJ 
 
 S-S\-'fl^"P^"^!,"'=?-°« ^^^ Crown ; ?ns?gn ficanf^ 
 tical influence ; decline in spiritual powe? 
 
 4. On the Crown : The sole remaining political 00 J 
 
 independent of Parliament. po""cai po;J 
 
 ^' ^ohSl^^i'^r: 55^"^ undisturbed during the J 
 check of liberty for a century. ^ 
 
 6. On the Trading- and Industrial Classes • Increisd 
 trade and wealth of towns. System of'smaU J 
 holdings and tenant-farming. ''« 
 
 III. Progress of the Middle Classes : - 
 
 1. New Middle Class : Farmers, yeomen, small landownj 
 
 tradespeople and merchants 't'lianaowni 
 
 2. Misery through the Plague or Sweating Sickness. J 
 
 3. Spread of learning amongst the middle classes. 
 
 IV Condition of Literature and Learning .- 
 
 I. After Chaucer : 
 
 (a) Few writers of importance 
 
 Decline of the Universities. 
 
 Credulous superstition of science. 
 
 Introduction of linen paper instead of parchment. 
 
 V. Caxton:— 
 
 '' ^PrS."i|76.^^ ^^^''- ^" ^"^^^"^ ^^^^ the Printi 
 2. First book printed in England, 1477. 
 
 2. 
 
 3. 
 4- 
 
 11 
 
BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIEF. 
 
 63 
 
 mall landownJ 
 
 urious chivalj 
 
 L Works printed : Chaucer's Tales, Poems of Ivvd^ate and 
 ' Gower, Chronicle of Brut, etc. 
 
 Translations into English. Importance of Caxton's 
 English. 
 
 Patronage of royalty and the nobles. 
 
 |Renewal of the French or Hundred Years' 
 War :— 
 
 . Edward's revival of the old'claim : invasion of France. 
 , Treaty of Pecquigny, 1475 : 
 
 (a) Payment ,by Louis of 75,000 crowns cash, and 
 50,000 a year during Edward's life. 
 
 {f>) Truce, and free trade between France and England 
 for 7 years. 
 
 (c) The Dauphin to marry Elizabeth, Edward's eldest 
 daughter. 
 
 Edward IV, Founder of the New Monarchy 
 or New Despotiism :— 
 
 . Causes of the New Monarchy : 
 (a) Edward's character : 
 
 (i) As a warrior : able, cruel, treacherous. 
 
 (2) As a statesman : subtle, false, despotic. 
 
 (3) As a man: greedy, unscrupulous, dissolute, 
 fond of gayety. 
 
 (d) The Wars -^f the Roses : Fall of the Barons • de- 
 pendence of the Church on the Crown. 
 
 {c) The King independent of Pariiament : wealthy 
 through confiscations ; the sole possessor of the 
 artillery of the land. 
 
 (flf) Decline of the Commons : less representative and 
 independent. 
 
 (e) Political indifference of the trading and industrial 
 classes. 
 
 Establishment of the New Monarchy : 
 
 (a) Bills of Attainder, Benevolences. Forced Loans. 
 
;; ! 
 
 ^4 YORKIST PERIOD. 
 
 ■ (d) The King and Council without a check • Pari 
 ment called once in 8 years. f 
 
 (c) Overthrow of the Constitutional Government 
 law promoting freedom or removing abuse. 
 
 (d) Arbitrary taxation, legislation, imprisonment. 
 {e) Servility of the judges ; coercion of juries. 
 
 (/) T^^ King's confiscation of one-fifth of the laJ 
 
 his pnvate use of subsidies for French wars. 
 (^) Royal trading in tin, wool, cloth. 
 (^) Elaborate royal spy-sytem. 
 2. Overthrow of the New Monarchy : 
 
 (a) By the Commonwealth in part ; completed 
 (<^) By the Revolution of i6o.s. 
 
 B. -EDWARD V. 1483, APRIL 9-JUNE 26 
 
 Richard, Duke of Gloucester, Protector :- 
 
 1. Edward under the guardianship of Lords Grev 
 
 P.ivers. ^ 
 
 2. Gloucester's diabolical policy : 
 
 (a) Murder of Grey, Rivers, Hastings, Stanley 
 id) Murder in the Tower of Edward V. and 
 brother, the Duke of York. 
 3- Mockery of an offer of the crown to Gloucester. 
 
 C.-RICHARD III. 1483-1485 
 
 I. Richard's Rule : - 
 
 2. Revision of the law of felony. 
 
 3. Prbtection of the growing interests of English commen 
 
 4. Founding of religious houses. 
 
1 check : Pari 
 
 BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIKK. 
 
 65 
 
 5. Attempts to restore order in Ireland 
 
 '• ''^LTf^i:>ot.'''"'°" ' P^°"°^^"" ^' P""^"'g -'d the 
 7. Primitive postal communication with Northern England. 
 The Tudor Revolution :— 
 '• ^^^aXlltll^:^:- "^^-k-hearted. cruel, unprinci- 
 
 ^' ^and Ell^iSrTJ^i^'-,^'^^'' ^^ ^^- Ivancastrian party 
 and Ehzabeth of York, d8.ig.^ter of ,j;dward IV 
 
 '■ ""Englind °^ ^"^^^"^ ^'°^ ''"'^'''^ ■ Henry innted to 
 5. Landing of Henry at Milford Haven. 
 
 orm of abuJ 
 
 lamination Question, on the Lancastrian and Yorkist Periods 
 
 KSSSi^.^ttS^?t^&oL^^^^ England, ^al- 
 
 pSmeXtnf?tt%Jlffi^^^^^ ^r^rchy, its'effects on 
 
( i 
 
 A 
 
 I 
 
 TUDOR PERIOD. 
 
 1485-1603: 118 years. 
 A —HENRY VII. 148S.1509. 
 
 I. Union of Royal Lines :— 
 York Lancaster Wales 
 
 Edward IV. John Beaufort Owen Tudor+Cat»mrine, widow IJwi 
 
 Tt 
 
 Margaret married E<lward Tudor 
 
 Elizabeth married Henry Tudor. 
 IL Henry VII.'S Title : King by Act of Parliament. 
 
 III. Henry's Policy:— 
 
 1. Suspension of Parliamentary life : Parliament 
 
 once in 13 years. 
 
 2. Watchfulness of the world's politics. 
 
 3. Accumulation of wealth. * 
 
 4. Dissolution of military households. 
 
 5. Establishment of the Star Chamber Court. 
 
 6. Encouragement of ship-building and discovery. 
 
 7. Foreign intrigues and family alliances : 
 
 (a) Arthur + Catharine of Arragon. 
 
 {h) Henry + Catharine of Arragon (widow). 
 
 {c) Margaret + James IV. of Scotland (source of 
 line). 
 
 (,d) Mary + Louis XII. of France. 
 HI. Impostors:— 
 
 I. Lambe-t Simnel's personation of Edward, Va 
 Warwick, son of the Duke of Clarence, 
 (tf) Support in Ireland : proclamation as Edward 
 (d) Landing in Lancajihire : defeat at Stoke ; sij 
 
BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIEF. 
 
 67 
 
 ariue, widow IJerJ 
 
 ^Y^^: ^-'•»'«^'^'« personation of Richard. Duke of 
 (a) Support of Ireland, France, Scotland 
 (6) Execution of Sir Wm. Stanley for complicity 
 
 o^wL^iri^"^^^"^ from Scotland, 1496. Defeat 
 of Warbeck and retreat to Ireland. 
 
 (a) Landing in Cornwall. Defeat af TN»n«».. t^ 
 
 tion of Warbeck. Taunton. Execu- 
 
 |P03mings' Act, 1497 :— 
 
 Trouble between the English Pale and the Irish. 
 Sir Edward Poynmgs. Lord Deputy of Ireland • 
 
 (a) Dublin Parliament. 
 
 (6) Poynings' Act : 
 
 (i) English laws to apply to Ireland 
 
 ''^ R^y/ctriSr'^ ^^ '^ ^— ^^ V the 
 
 (3) No new law without theconsent of the Council 
 
 (c) Protection of the borders of the Pile 
 
 (d) Extension of the King's authority beyond the Pnlc 
 (.) Establishment of English judges'and'other oflit!: 
 
 jourt of the Star Chamber:- 
 
 taken fro,,, Z clZs aSlj!'"'''''"'''}''''. c«=.c-» 
 lenry's Arbitrary Rule :~~ 
 
 Revival of benevolence. ; tonnage and tx,unda..e 
 uppressive laws, taxes, extortions. " " • 
 
68 TUDOR PERIOD. 
 
 t 
 
 3. Accumulation of treasure. 
 
 4. Absolute rule without Parliament ; his own Prime 1 
 
 ister. Body guard of 50. 
 
 VII. Henry's Character and Statesmanship : 
 
 1. Character: Kindly, pleasant, affable; couraJ 
 
 strong-willed ; arbitrary, avaricious, reserved, sJ 
 ous. 
 
 2. Henry as a Statesman : 
 
 (a) Intimate knowledge of the affairs of foreign , 
 tries ; great influence on the politics of Fr 
 Spain, Italy, the Netherlands. 
 
 {/>) Enactments for the better administration of jj 
 
 {c) Encouragement to architecture, scholarship, iij 
 manufactures, commerce, shipbuilding, disco 
 
 \cl) Reform of the courage. 
 
 {(•) Regulation of the price of wool. 
 
 (/) Zeal for the Church : religious foundations! 
 ' bequests. 
 
 (^) lyove of peace. 
 
 VIII. Discoveries:— 
 
 1 . John Cabot : Newfoundland and Labrador ; 
 
 possession of in the name of the King, 1497. 
 
 2. Sebastian Cabot ; from Hudson's Bay to I-ld 
 
 1498. 
 
 IX. The NoTV LearninBr* the chief progressive movel 
 
 of Henry VII's reign ;— 
 
 I. Preparations for the Renascence : 
 
 {a) The Discoveries of Copernicus, Vasco di fj 
 Marco Polo, Columbus, the Cabots. Aiil 
 Vespucci. 
 
 \f>) The use of gunpowder. 
 
 (r) The invention of printing. 
 
 (a ) Overthrow of the Feudal System. 
 
BRITISH HISTORY IX BRIEIF. 
 
 IS own Prime 
 
 5 foundatioiiJ 
 
 ressive niovt 
 
 69 
 
 (b) 
 
 {c) 
 
 The Renascence on the Continent • 
 '"^^holali^ri'S;;""^'^' '-'"^'FHg'U of Greek 
 Florence the new home of Greek Science Iiter» 
 
 (i) Philosophers : Rienzi, Savonarola 
 
 (2) Artists : Angelo, Titian, Raphael. 
 
 (3) Poets: Dante, Petrarch, Boccaccio. 
 Results : 
 
 (i) Kindling of an intellectual life 
 
 ^'' 1'forn.atTon"' ''^ ^^"^^"^^^ ^^^^^^ *« the 
 
 (3) Progress of luxury, refinement, learning 
 
 (4) Desire for popular liberty. 
 
 (5) vSpirit of enterprise ; commercial activity 
 The Kenascence in England ; 
 
 (a) Greek the key to the new knowledge. 
 {f>) English scholars in Florence : 
 
 (r) Grocyn : Oxford Greek lecturer 
 
 ^'^ GVTek Gafe""'°' °^ ^ ^'^^^^ *^^^"«^ f^«^" the 
 ^^^ {kirity^""^^^ •' ^^^^^°^'- °f ^ rational Chris- 
 es) Colet. the Oxford lecturer. (See Henry VIII ) 
 
 (1) Drift of the Renascence in England: A moral 
 religious, practical movement. ' 
 
 (2) Colet's aim : Greek the key to the Goanel 
 the Bible the basis of faith. ^ ' 
 
 (3) Colet's character : "Earnestness, zeal, impati- 
 ence with the beliefs of the past, frank s" nm 
 city, purity and nobleness of life " ^ 
 
 Erasmus. (See Henry VIII.) : 
 (I) Character: "Industry. religio„« ^nf»,u«{.^..^ 
 itccu observation, genial wit, good'seuse.'s'ii: 
 
 id) 
 
 ■:i 
 
 
 *} \ 
 
 
 
 .| 
 
I] 11 1 : 
 
 70 
 
 (e) 
 
 TUDOR PERIOD. 
 
 cere piety, profound zeal, simple faith, si 
 of tolerance, love of culture, enthusiasni| 
 classical learning." 
 
 (2) Archbishop Warham, the magnanimous frij 
 of Erasmus and of the New Learning." 
 
 (3) Erasmus, Dean of St. Paul's ; the great prJ 
 cessor of Latimer. 
 
 Sir Thomas Moore. (See Henry VIII. ) 
 
 ^; 
 
 1 ; 
 
 B.— HENRY VIII. 1609-1647 
 
 I. The New Learning- (continued) :— 
 
 1. Tror.bles for the New Learning throueh Her 
 
 Wars : 
 
 (a) Henry's designs on the French crowns. 
 
 {f>) French ambitions for the conquest of Italy. 
 
 (c) League of Italian states, Spain, England, ad 
 
 France. ' 
 
 {(i) Henry's rout of the French at Quinearate TBi 
 of Spurs), 15 13. * ^ ^ 
 
 (e) Desertion of Ferdinand . ' Spain. Dissolutiol 
 the League. Henry's ini; -. ious peace. 
 
 2. The New Learning and Education : 
 
 {a) Power of the Printing Press : Publication of g| 
 and Latin authors. 1 
 
 (A) Spread and influence of the Classics : ExJ 
 mental science, philosophy, politics, rt ' ' ^ 
 truths ; revival of literature and art. 
 
 (c) Patrons of the New Learning: Henry Villi 
 family, Warham, Langton, Latimer, Leo X. iJ 
 Erasn:;is, More, Wolsey. ' 
 
 {d) Cirammar Schools : 
 
 (i) Colet the founder of St. Paul's, the 
 grammar sclioo!. i^i". 
 
lication of gJ 
 
 BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIEF. yj 
 
 (2) Erasmus the founder of Grammar Schools. 
 
 ^^ educaW °^ '^" "^'^^"^ «^ '"^^^H- -li 
 
 (<?) Universitias : 
 
 ■'* ^hSpSy^'d^e'ir '° '"^'""^ mathematics. 
 (2) The enthusiasm for Greek letters 
 
 ^^^ fchnv"A \ y?^^y °f Cardinal College 
 (Christ Church College), Oxford. ^ 
 
 The New Learning and the Church : 
 {a) Colet's proposed reforms : 
 
 ^'^ ?he'chuJch^°P' '"^ '^''^ = "^ *^^ ^^'i^f« of 
 (2) "Abandonment by the priesthood of the ac 
 Hn?ss '- '"" "' ^"""^^^«' «f ^"-"^y. and wor^d. 
 (*) Erasmus's reforms • 
 
 ^'^ En*iiuh"Tv,°!*^!,^."««^ Testament into 
 English: the foundation of the Reformat^ 
 
 (3) Teachmgs: An open Bible for all • defiance of 
 thec.og.c.1 traditions; Christ in t^^^Te o1 
 
 Sir Thomas Hore and the New Learning • 
 
 r^rcrafar-'r'ierrv.wr-"''-''^-"-- 
 
 (c) Public life : 
 
 (0 In Parliament of Hen.-v vtt . 
 
 royal subsidies. ^ ^^^ ' ^PPO^ition to 
 
 ^'^ .Srr^^r^;^.^L-Vf]. ^ora Chancellor, in the 
 
 rf!l 
 
■hi". 
 
 " ' ill 
 
 i. Ji 
 
 IJ, • 
 
 ie) 
 
 7^ • TUDOR PERIOD. ^ 
 
 (d) " Life 0/ Edward F": First wvk of moderr 
 i':3h prose ; " purity and cleprne:^- of style fr-« 
 irom antiquated forms of ex-nress^on rr'dp 
 pedantry." 
 
 '' rriopia '' .• Ideal Kin^^dom of Nowhere ; " the rj 
 elatton of the heart and dreams of the New I m 
 ing ' • — " •^'^'^ 
 
 (1) Advocacy of equality, brotheihood, fre. doioi 
 
 (2) The Question of I.:.bor . Protest agjunvt aera 
 an;;.idmanuiactirinfT tyranny; the coniiu 
 possession of goods; c-)mpuSs6ry JaLor qbnl 
 a day. ' ^ i 
 
 (3) The Question of ^ucation : Public schi 
 system ; compulsory attendance at school, l 
 
 (4) The Question of Public Health: Better lij 
 purer air, more cleanaaess, comforts, improl 
 architecture in the hoiue. ^ 
 
 {5) The Question of Cn ue : Prevention rata 
 than punishment ; proportion of punishmj 
 
 (6) The question of Religio?i : Toleration 
 religious unity; reason and the Bible ii 
 basis of faith ; the family a religious cent] 
 exclusion of atheists from public offices. 
 The New Learning and the fteformation : 
 (a) The Reformation on the Continent : 
 
 (1) I^uther's Wittenberg Propositions : TustiJ 
 tion by faith. "^ ■ 
 
 (2) Papal Bull of excommunication against I,utt 
 
 (3) The Diet of Worms : I^uther's maintenance! 
 the authority of the Bible as the only rule 
 religious ] aith. ' 
 
 (4) Luther in hiding in the Thuringian Fora 
 His attack by pamphlets on the Papacy. 
 
 (5) Luther's Translation of the Bible li. 
 German. 1622-16S4 : « t^o thio d"" '"-H 
 
 ■ — •i*-».j- TlSitti 
 
 
BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIEF. 
 
 73 
 
 hood, free dojj] 
 ;st agjiinst agn. 
 y ; t he coninl 
 >ry labor, 9 hi 
 
 : Public schj 
 ce at school. 
 th : Better ligj 
 nforts, improf 
 
 evention latlj 
 I of punishnij 
 ill punishme 
 
 roleration 
 
 the Bible 
 sligious ceiitij 
 lie oflSces. 
 tion: 
 
 [NENT : 
 ions : JustifiJ 
 
 against I^utb 
 
 maintenance I 
 he only rulej 
 
 ingian Fore 
 '■ Papacy. 
 
 le Bible in 
 
 hlQ flaxr vrifftj 
 
 Europe''.^'''°" ""^ ^" ^^'^ Protestant nations of 
 
 (6) Protest of the New Learning against the super- 
 stition and Ignorance of the Church. 
 
 (7) I^uther's lack of sympathy with the New 
 
 vi^rturth "^ 'u ^^^''^ '"^ theVowth of huS 
 virtue through reason, toleration, and intelli- 
 gence. ' "'«-ciil 
 
 (8) Luther's reformation, one of the old Papacy. 
 (l>} Thb Rbformation IN England : 
 
 ^'^ here"dcf °^ ^""^^^'^^ ^^^^s ; persecution of 
 (2) Henry VIII's "Assertion of the 7 Sacra- 
 
 Hen? ' .TJ""'. ^"'^^ • P°P^ Leo's titleTo 
 Henry Defender of the Faith." 
 
 Thomas Wolsey, 1471 1630 :- 
 
 '■ ^Selor^' ' i" P^f^''^ g^^d"^te at 15, "The Boy 
 poHdcs ""^ divinity. Inclination for 
 
 2. Promotions and ht lors : 
 
 (a) Under Henry VII : 
 
 (i) Friendship and approval of the Privy Coun- 
 cillors. Fox and Lovell. 
 
 (2) Royal Commissioner to Emperor Maximilian 
 and the King of Scotland. 
 
 (3) Royal Chaplain. 
 {b) Under Henry VIII : 
 
 ^^^ ^" ^tr'/A^?''«^^.®''^*=^^^^« ^t the Battle of 
 Spurs (Quinejate), 15,3, and Flodden, 
 ■o ■4' 
 
 (2) Bishop of Lincoln, Member of the Roval 
 Council, Bishop of Winchester, Abbot of St 
 Albans, Archbishop of York, 15 14. 
 
 (3) Cardinal and Lord Chancellor, isis : Head of 
 ^nurcn ana Slate. 
 
74 
 
 TUDOR PERIOD. 
 
 U I 
 
 3. Policy : 
 
 (a) Peace administration. 
 
 {b) Concentration of secular and ecclesiastiij 
 authority. 
 
 (c) Advance of tht King's absolutism. 
 
 (d) Reforms in justice. 
 
 ((?) National system of education. 
 
 {/) Balance of power in Europe : the key to politij 
 action from 1500 to 1800. 
 
 4. Wolsey and the Parliament : 
 
 (a) Suspension of Parliament for 8 years. 
 
 {6) Arbitrary taxation, and benevolences, instead | 
 legal revenue. 
 
 5. Agrarian Discontent : 
 
 (a) Causes : 
 
 (i) Wolsey 's arbitrary conduct. 
 
 (2) Rise in the price of wool ; enclosures of lanl 
 introduction of sheep-farming on a large sc 
 
 (3) Merchants' investments in land ; general 
 in rents. 
 
 Results : 
 
 (*) 
 
 (r) 
 
 (2) 
 
 6. 
 
 Social disorder : Break-up of military houi 
 holds ; eviction of smaller tenants ; homelj 
 vagrants, vagabonds, criminals. 
 Crisis of conflict between the ...monarch andt 
 landowner. 
 (3) Wolsey's unpopularity. 
 
 The Divorce Question : 
 
 (a) Henry's elastic conscience ; divorce case of Cath 
 
 ine of Arragon. 
 (d) The Divorce Trial ; the critical moment in 
 
 history of the English Reformation. 
 
 (c) Wolsey's dilemma ; delay of the trial ; Wolsev| 
 disgrace. 
 
 (d) Henry's ingratitude; Anne Boleyn's wrai 
 Arrest of Wolsey for high treason. 
 
 ic) Wolsey's death i^iq. 
 
 ir 
 
75 
 
 ecclesiasti] 
 
 anarch andt 
 
 4- 
 
 BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIIJF. 
 
 Thomas Cromwell. 1530-1540:- 
 
 '■ ^VenTceXV i^XLf ' '" ''"^^,' ^«— -al agent in 
 W. K 1 ^ Antwerp, wool merchant in Middle- 
 
 orP^rUamlnt'"^"""""^' Wolsey's solicitor. M^mtr 
 
 '■ ^nnH?''^^'"^ Self-reliant, forceful, unscrupulous des- 
 potic, hard-headed, hard-hearted. P"i"ui>, aes- 
 
 \. In Woisey's Service : Suppression of ,8o smaller 
 monastenes. Fidelity to ^J;&sey in his dTsgrac^'and 
 
 Failure of Thos. Cranmer's plan to submit the divorce 
 question to the Universities of Europe. 
 5. Cromwell and the Church : 
 
 {a) ^romwell'sudvice: Disavowal of papal jurisdiction- 
 declaration of Henry as Head of the Church ; trial 
 of divorce in his own ecclesiastical courts 
 
 ^^^ of'?Srstii?°"'^^ I'he Church a mere department 
 ot the State; convocation of clergy by roval ner 
 
 Se C°row'n "'"'"' ' ^i^hops.the SreLniLeerof 
 
 ^'^ IkhiZ"?-^ ''''"' '^' ^^"^"^ •' '^^^ Breach 
 ( r) The clergy forced to declare Henry " Protector 
 
 (2) Catharine's expulsion from the King's palace 
 Rome!'^'^^^ °^ ^^^ payment of first-fruits to 
 
 (4) Appeals to Rome forbidden. 
 
 (5) The Pope's prohibition of divorce in K.iLdish 
 courts, or a new marriage. i^'"i,"sn 
 
 ^^^ An«7R .^"nihilation of Papal jurisdiction : 
 Anne Boleyn crowned Queenf 
 
 (7) Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury. 
 
 (8) Establishment of the Church of Kn^l^,.,! bv 
 Act of Parliament, 1534. -si-- r.> 
 
f^^' 
 
 76 
 
 l?UDOR PERIOD. 
 
 Ill 
 
 If- 
 
 (:, .v^ of Supremacy, 1534: All ecclesiastic 
 and civil power vested solely in the King. 
 
 (10) Cromwell the new Vicar-General or Vic* 
 gerent ot the King in all ecclesiastical mattej 
 
 (n) Royal dictation to the Church and Clerc 
 "Tuuiti-^^,- .. 'pits." The purified Catlio] 
 cism . coiet and Eraomus to be the religion [ 
 England. A separate existence from that 
 Rome. 
 
 (12) Tyndale's Translation of the Bible, ISsl 
 1534 : The source of much of the "AuthorizJ 
 Version," 161 1. 
 
 6. The New Faith : 
 
 (a) 6 Articles of Religion : " Transubstantiation con 
 munion, celibacy of the clergy, monastic 'vov 
 private masses, auricular confession. »» 
 
 (d) The sole grounds of faith : The Bible, the ApostolJ 
 Creed, the Vrd's Prayer, the Ten Conmandmenli 
 
 Ic) The 3 bacraments: Penance, BapLism, Lord! 
 Supper. 
 
 (d) Condemnation of purgatory, pardons, masses fj 
 the dead, pilgramages, image and relic worship. 
 
 {e) Translation into English of the Creed, I^ordl 
 Prayer, Ten Commandments; to be taught 
 every sch >olmaster, every father. 
 
 (y) Miles Coverdale's English edition of tl 
 Tyndale Bib e, 1635. 
 
 7. Di. oiution of the Greater 
 
 reasons : 
 
 (a) Monks, mere landowners : friars, mere beggars. 
 
 (d) i'ailiamentary inspection of monasteries : adver 
 report. 
 
 8, The English Terror •. 
 
 (a) Royal p- -lamations instead of Parliamentan 
 legislati(..T 
 
 (6) Benevolen es i. tead of PHrlianipntsr-.r <....3*=.-,„ 
 
 Monaateries, 646 
 
 % - 
 
ae "Authorizd 
 
 'arl:amentan 
 
 BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIEF. 
 
 ''* anjjudge" ""''"" °' '"^"'^^ ccrcion „f juries 
 
 {d) Royal Council instead of law. 
 
 (e) Transfer of 1-5 of the Church lands to the new 
 
 aristocracy, the dependants of the Court 
 {/) Elaborate spy -system, 
 (ir) Infamous law of treason. 
 i/t) Bills of Attainder or Acts of Parliament declaring, 
 
 me^n^gmlty of treason and condem,Sng thtm "tf 
 
 ^'^ ceHo^sfr" Th '^^^^^ ^ '^V Execution of Chan- 
 S. 1 f'*^ ^^''^- ^^"^^ and Bishop Fisher for 
 
 Rome th.T'°^" °^ '^? ^^^°^^^' the^upture wfth 
 Rome, the King's marriage with Anne Boleyn 
 
 ^^'^ Demindf o^fhi'^'r °'" ^'^ Pilgrimage of Grace. 
 
 i^emands of the Parliament of the North • Deoosi- 
 
 lon of Cromwell, acknowledgment of Mary as 
 
 legitimate restoration of the*^ property of ^he 
 
 ?ebeL ^"-^^^^^^'^ ^J^°l-ale ^lau^ter of the 
 
 Crc-Twell and the Protestants 
 
 ill) Crom veil's revival of Parliament 
 aDs< ism : 
 
 (first so called in 
 
 as the tool of 
 
 r^; 
 
 ^'^ coun fl'^J'et' ^'^^'"-^ ^'^^"^^^ "^- P-- «f 
 
 ^'^ ir/al Conner""' ^^^^'^^ """"-- °^ ^^^ 
 
 Ecclesiastical changes produced by 
 
 (i) The circulation of the Gospels in English 
 
 (2) Wyclif's and I^uther's pamphlets. 
 
 ^^^ Jester^''^^''^^''^ °^ I^atimer, Bishofl of Wor- 
 
 (4) Henry's Quarrel with Rome, the Divorce 
 renunciation of the Pa^a^- ,i^„.„,i„.::__ ^i 
 the clergy, suppression of the' Mon^teries" ^' 
 
* : i; 
 
 78 
 
 TUDOR PERIOD. 
 
 lO. 
 
 \V 
 
 {c) Cromwell's ecclesiastical aims, simply those of 
 New Learning : 
 
 (i) Religious reform, not revolution. 
 
 (2 ) Simplification, not change of doctrine. 
 
 (3) Purification of worship, not a new ritual. 
 
 (4) Introduction into the Churches of Cranma 
 Great Bible (1539), a revised edition! 
 Tyndale's version. 
 
 (d) Persecution of the old religion : 
 
 (i) Removal of images and relics. 
 
 ( 2) Invasion of the Bishops' Courts by Protesti 
 mobs. 
 
 (3) Repeal of celibacy for priests. 
 (<?) Reaction : 
 
 (1 ) Henry's enforcement of the 6 Articles. 
 
 (2) Mild persecution of the Protestants. 
 Fall of Cromwell : 
 
 {a) Cromwell the sole administrator of the stai 
 Prime Minister, Foreign Minister, Vicar-general 
 the Church, the creator of the new fleet, I 
 organizer of armies. President of the Star Chamj 
 the universal Court of Appeal. 
 
 {d) Foreign policy : 
 
 (i) The binding of England to the cause of| 
 Reformation. 
 
 (2) Marriage of Henry to Anne of Cleves, sis 
 in-law of the Lutheran Elector of Saxony. 
 
 (3) Union of North Germany, England, Fraij 
 as a check to Spain and Austria. 
 
 (c) Henry's anger at Cromwell's choice of que 
 Execution of Cromwell on the charge of treasoJ 
 
 IV. Foreigrn Wars 
 
 I. With France : 
 
 {a) HolyJ^eague of^England, Spain, Germany, to] 
 teet the Pope's domains against France. 
 
BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIEF. 
 
 mply those of : 
 
 irts by Protesti 
 
 the cause of 
 
 79 
 
 (A) Capture of Tournay. Battle of the Spurs. 1513. 
 
 {c) Peace with France, 1514. Marriage of Henry's 
 sister, Mary, to Louis XII ^ ^ 
 
 With Scotland : 
 (a) Scotland in alliance with France. 
 
 of 
 
 3- 
 
 (*) English victory at Flodden, 15.3; death 
 James IV. 
 
 (c) Margaret, Henry's sister. Regent of Scotland. 
 
 rioltiU2^^^ ^ °" ^""^^^""^ • I^efeatatSoIway 
 
 Real representative Union with Wales, 1536 : 24 mem- 
 bers in the English Parliament. " ^ 
 
 Norfolk's Administration :- 
 
 1. Aims: •• Purification of the Church through a general 
 Council ; reconciliation of English church wkh t^fi 
 purified body of Catholicism?' "'*" 
 
 2. Cranmer's introduction of the English Liturgy • the 
 Pmye^: ' ^'""^' '^^ Commandments, the^W's 
 
 ^" ^ProtlstantS^^^^M f [u^^ ^"'^^^" Catholicism and 
 1-n ^£ tJ^ Norfolk's sympathies with the former ; 
 
 in the Tower as a traitor. "ii^ici , 
 
 4. Act of succession : Edward, then Mary, then Elizabeth. 
 
 ^' t°hTpltm?ofpr'^ with Hertford, Duke of Somerset, 
 tne Patron of Protestantism, at its head 
 
 6. Character of Henry VIII: Hearty, affable generous 
 
 SlfefLT-T^' fi^k^^'.-'". stVongJnied^'Lmsi; 
 
 yefrfofSislir'''' P'"^""'^' ^'"'^^' '^ ^^^ '^'^^ 
 
 C.-EDWARD VI. 1647-1883. 
 
 [Somerset as Protector:- 
 
 1. Character of Somerset : Earnest, bigoted, avaricious. 
 
 2. Attack on Scotland : 
 
 (a) Cause: Attempt to force tv.f. Sr>ofc. .^ „;.... ,t.-.,. 
 yueeu of iicots in marriage to Edward VI-'"^ 
 
 ! ^ 
 
 I ] 
 
, i 
 
 I:, 
 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 ' i 
 
 r 
 
 i 
 
 1' ' 
 
 Ml 
 
 
 ■J 
 
 8o ' TUDOR PERIOD 
 
 ^ (d) Defeat of the Scots at Pinkiecleugh, 1547. 
 
 {c) Mary sent to France. Marriage of Mary and 
 Dauphin of France. 
 
 3. Protestant Reforms : 
 
 (a) Removal of prohibitions from Lollardry. 
 (d) Repeal of the 6 Articles. 
 
 (c) Removal of pictures and images from the churclj 
 
 (d) Communion in English instead of mass. 
 
 {e) Introduction of the English Book of Comi 
 Prayer. 
 
 (/) The New Cranmer Catechism and Book of 
 testant Homilies, 
 
 (g-) License of preachers by the Prima .e. 
 
 (//) First Act ofTJniformity, 1549: EnforcenitL 
 the use of the English Book of Common Prayt:] 
 the churches, and of the Protestant religion." 
 
 4. Popular discontent : 
 
 (rt) Insurrection in the west. 
 
 (b) Rebellion in Norfolk over enclosures, lackof wij 
 low wages, dear food. 
 
 {c) Debasement of the coinage ; extravagant expeJ 
 ture ; wasteful gifts of Crown lands. Sotmri 
 resignation. Execution. 
 
 II. Northumberland as Protector : - 
 
 1. Imprisonment of Gardirer, Bishop of Winchester, 
 
 Bonner, Bishop of London. Their successors, Latij 
 and Ridley. 
 
 2. Second Act of Uniformity, 1563. Penalties! 
 
 Non-conformists. 
 
 3. Cranmer's 42 Articles of Keligion (now 39) , 
 formal standard of doctrine of the English Chun>h| 
 
 4. New code of ecclesiastical laws for the new churcli, 
 
 5. Enforcement of the use of the Liturgy and attetn 
 
 at S'irvice. 
 
 6. General subscription to the Articles of Faith. 
 
d Book of 
 
 es, lack of w: 
 
 . Penalties 
 
 BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIEF. gl 
 
 f • '2SSSi^t^„^^ "°'^- °^- ^^^ «Poi^« of the 
 ' ?nigtrnnfen^"^"^"' ^« Northumberland's wilful 
 9. Edward VPs endowment of i8 Grammar Schools 
 
 lio. Northumberland's plan of Succession • t a i t ^. 
 
 I (his daughter-in-law) to be Queen ' ^^'^^^^"^ "^'^y 
 
 D-MARY. 1553-1658 
 
 '"^/evoU n? t?"*®^' (feat-grand-daughter of Henry VII). 
 • bJrland's'prar^^^ "^' Parliament against Northum 
 
 ''jTne^Gr'ey''''^^'"^^^^'-'^- ^-P-onment of Udy 
 lary and Philip li :_ 
 
 («) The Inquisition. 
 
 it, Absolute submission to the Papacy 
 
 (*) Wizabeth sent to the tower • saved fm^jVlu , 
 
 1558. ^ i-nglish Channel and to France, 
 
 [Restoration of Catholicism : 
 
 ■ ■ Reconciliation with R /!»•<> . f^ 
 
 ai^entsofperseTutioiK ^^' ^^"'^"^^^ «"'! «o""er the 
 

 I 
 
 83 
 
 TUDOR PERIOD. 
 
 2. 
 
 ^u?'"f ^^^ '^^'■^ °^ ^"^^ Reformation: Repeal of 
 laws of Henry VIII, Eldward VI ^ 
 
 Persecution of the Protestants : Martyrdom of BisJ 
 I^iu""' ,R°g«rs, Hooper, Ferrar, Latimer Si 
 Archbishop Cranmer, and 300 others '^''"'"^'' ^'^' 
 
 ^CcTnent^°^° ^°°^' ^^^^''^^l^- F^-. and others loj 
 Reception of the Papal Legate in London. 
 
 5. 
 
 I, 
 
 „ — No fleet,] 
 France mistress of 
 
 E.-ELI2ABETH. 1668-1603. 
 
 Condition of Engrland:— 
 
 England's defeat, humiliation, disgrace 
 arniy, an exhausted treasury. France i 
 
 England on the verge of rebellion through the b] 
 
 shed and misgovernment of Mary's reign 
 Insecurity of Kfe and property. 
 Social, r- ^nd political chaos. 
 
 ^»"fc '" and and Mary Stuart. 
 
 II. Character o* .Elizabeth :— 
 Inherited qualities ; 
 (a) From Henry VI H: "Frankness, love of no J 
 arity courage, self-confidence, ^asculinitv^ 
 mdulgence, impetuous will, pride, temper'^' I 
 {b) From Anne Boleyn : " Gayety, love of solenrlJ 
 ext^ravagance. vanity, capriie, ^riviaHty^S 
 
 Intellectual qualities : Keenness q«irflpU« „^ . ,•. 
 
 practicality, political tact, XTo'^of'^*^' ^^''^''''' 
 
 Moral qualities : Utter disregard for truth • intri J 
 
 neve? waTloveT" """^ ^^^^^ ' " " «>- — ^" 
 
 3- 
 4- 
 5. 
 
 I. 
 
 3- 
 
 4. 
 
 State 
 
 
 atior 
 
 
 peac 
 
 
 and 
 
 
 secu 
 
 
 of fo 
 
 
 aim. 
 
 I. Elizal] 
 
 I. 
 
 Elizab 
 
 
 thet 
 
 2. 
 
 Enfor 
 
 
 suite 
 
 
 ware 
 
 3- 
 
 Repea 
 ofth 
 
 
 4. 
 
 Elizal 
 
 
 Chu 
 
 5- 
 
 The 
 
 
 wors 
 
 6. 
 
 Zeal < 
 
 
 Full 
 
 
 {a)h 
 
 
 c 
 
 7. 
 
 Reraoi 
 
 
 ment 
 
 
 Wals 
 
 8. 
 
 High 
 
 
 theC 
 
 '. Elizab 
 
 I. 
 
 Revie\ 
 
 
 («) s 
 
 
 <h) B 
 
 
 Kc) J< 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 t 
 
BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIEF. 
 
 83 
 
 4. Statecraft qualities: Firmness, moderation, concili- 
 ation, energy, tenacity, insight, versatility; love of 
 peace, mstinct of order ; knowledge of her subjects 
 and of England ; impartiality to religious parties • 
 security and economy, her guiding principles ; grasp' 
 of foreign affairs ; the balance of power in Europe her 
 aim. " In its very contrasts the character for the age." 
 
 [. Elizabeth and the Church:— 
 
 1. Elizabeth's "contempt for the superstition of Rome and 
 
 the bigotry of Protestantism." 
 
 2. Enforcement of the Act of Conformity : " Elizabeth 
 
 suited with a religion of form and ceremony ; out- 
 ward conformity, yet free opinion.'' 
 
 3. Repeal of Mary's Statutes against Heresv ; restoration 
 
 of the Royal vSupremacy and the English Prayer Book. 
 
 4. Elizabeth's unscrupulous plunder of the wealth of the 
 
 Church. 
 
 5. The Pope's prohibition of Catholic attendance at 
 
 worship. 
 
 6. Zeal of Parker, the new Archbishop of Canterbury • 
 
 Full establishment of the Church of England, 1563] 
 
 (rt ) Adoption of the 39 Articles as the standard of belief! 
 
 {d) Government: Act of Supremacy; Worship- Act 
 of Uniformity and Protestant Prayer Book • 
 Docttine: 39 Articles. ' 
 
 7. Removal of Catholic bigots from the Council • appoint- 
 
 ment of Cecil as Secretary, Bacon as I^ord Ketper 
 Walsingham, Davison, etc. ' 
 
 8. High Commission Court : To carry out Ww power of 
 
 the Crown in Church matters. 
 
 , Elizabeth and Scotland :— 
 
 I. Review of Scottish History : 
 
 (a) Scotland the constant ally of France. 
 
 (A) Border warfare : chaos of disorder and misrule. 
 
 \c) James I's restoration of justice and order ; Scottisli 
 
 Parliament on the English mof'el ; reduction of 
 
 the Highland clans. 
 
84 
 
 ■l-i 
 
 il* 
 
 i '^ 
 
 4- 
 
 5. 
 
 TUDOR PERIOD. 
 
 ^^^ jlmSf V.''^ ^'■'^^''^' ^^"ght^r «f Henry VII. an] 
 
 (e) Death of James IV at Flodden, 1513 
 
 (/) Defeat of James V at Solway Moas," 1543. 
 
 (£■) Marriage of Mary Stuart and tjie Dauphin 
 Assumption by the Dauphin of the title '^Viu^ 
 England, Scotland, Ireland." ^'"^ 
 
 ^If^iHu^ *'*l!l" ."^I!***- '''"^ Scottish Covenant 
 
 ""rTs^irE^niranS' ^^^"^^^ ^^^^^ '^ ^^-^ ^ Cat.oi.c. 
 
 Elizabeth's secret encouragement of the Lords of ih\ 
 Congregation, or leading Protestant noWes to r I 
 against the French and Mary. ' *"" '"1 
 
 6. Elizabeth's open aid to the Scots : 
 
 ^''^^imy.''^ ^^^^^* ■^^'*- ^"'■^^"der of the Frenchl 
 (6) Treaty of Edinburgh, 1560: 
 
 ^'^redTpH.''.>fH'"^''"ii^^ kingdom, acknowl 
 ledge Elizabeth, and disavow Mary's claim to 
 the English throne. ^ 
 
 (2) Government of Scotland to be placed in the 
 hands of a Council of Scottish Lords ' 
 
 ^^^ Sc?tlan,r"^^ °^ '^^ Protestant religion 
 
 7. Formal adoption by the Scottish Parliament of Tolinl 
 Calvin s Geneva •• Confession of Faith."' ' 
 
 Engrland and Mary Stuart:— 
 
 %mnce^f.t*'''°p^ P'^^^Kt^^' ^"«^^"^' Fr«""« " of 
 rrance, 1561. Return of Mary to Scotland 
 
 Mary's character : " Promptitude, energy intellectnil 
 V^^^^T""' ^""'«"^y. vofuptuou's refif,^ enf of 
 as o • wT„7Ty ^^^'•« ^i^«try and intensity 'IS 
 
 I. 
 
 2. 
 
renry VII, and 
 
 BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIFF, 
 
 85 
 
 3. Mary's aims : 
 
 (a) To break the league between Elizabeth and the 
 Scottish Protestants. 
 
 {6) To unite Scotland in her cause. 
 
 (c) To intrigue with the English Catholics. 
 
 (d) To promise religious toleration in her claim as the 
 successor of Elizabeth. 
 
 (e) To secure the aid of the Pope, France, Spain. 
 
 4. The Huguenots : 
 
 {a) 
 
 
 Conde's appeal to Elizabeth and the Protestant 
 Princes of Germany. 
 
 Promise of English assistance in return for Havre. 
 Defeat of the Huguenots. French re-conquest of 
 Havre. The triumph of Catholicism in Europe. 
 
 5. Test Act, 1563 : first of a 200-year series of penal 
 
 statutes against Catholics. 
 
 6. The Darnley Marriage ; a challenge to Protestantism: 
 
 (a) Mary Stuart, the great-grand-daughter of Henry 
 VII. Henry Stuart, I^ord Darnley, the ifreat- 
 grrndson of Henry VII. 
 
 {t) Murder of Rizzio, Mary's Italian Secretary by 
 Darnley. ' -^ 
 
 7. The Darnley Murdor : 
 
 {a) Mary's passion for the worthless Earl of Bothwell. 
 
 (A) Murder of Darnley by Bothwell, 1567. 
 
 {c) Marriage of Mary and Bothwell. 
 
 (d) Revolt of Scotland ; Bothwell's flight Mary's 
 abdication. ^ 
 
 {e) Coronation of Jas. VI, son of xMary and Darnley 
 Earl of Murraj', Regent. . ■^' 
 
 (/) Mary a prisoner in Loch Ltvtn C«ftl«. 
 
 8. Mary in England ; 
 
 (a) i\.aiy'i, escape from Lech Leven Castle. 
 id) A prisoner in Carlisle CmU; 1568. 
 (c) Mary's rejection of Elizabeth's terms. 
 
86 
 
 TUDOR PERIOD. 
 
 9. Catholic Revolts : ' 
 
 (a) Demands of Cecil, Lord Burleigh : 
 
 (i) Alliance of the Protestant Churches 
 Europe. 
 
 (2) War in Flanders against the Spanish Duke 
 Alva. 
 
 (3) Surrender of Mary to Scotland. 
 
 {d) Demands of the Catholics under the Duke 
 Norfolk : 
 
 (i) Dismissal of Cecil and Protestants froii 
 the Council. 
 
 (2) Peace with Spain. 
 
 (3) Recognition of Marv as Klizabeth's succe 
 sor. 
 
 (c) Excommunication of Elizabeth by Pope Pius tI 
 1570. 
 
 (</) Catholic rising of the Nevilles and Percies in NortJ 
 
 England ; ruthless suppression, 
 {e) Hassacreof St. Bartholomew, Aug. a4, 1573! 
 
 Murder of 100,000 Huguenots in France. 
 (/) Mary a prisoner at Coventry. 
 
 U) Conspiracy of Norfolk in Mary's behalf • arrej 
 and execution of Norfolk. 
 
 (k) Catjiolic insurrections in England, Scotland 
 Ireland (see IX). 
 
 (i) Throgmorton's Plot to nmrder Elizabeth and sn 
 Mary on the throne. 
 
 (/) Babington's Plot for same purpose : 
 
 Trial and execution of Mary Stuart for complicitvj 
 in Fotheringay Castle, 1587. 
 
 VI. Prosperity of Engrland:- 
 
 I. The Poor Laws: 
 
 (a) Critical condition of England's poor at the acccsj 
 ion of Elizabeth. 
 
 (^) Old measures of repression for the i^anr 
 
 (c) 
 
 N 
 
 
 (I 
 
 
 {■ 
 
 
 (3 
 
 
 rt 
 
 2. Progre 
 
 (a) 
 
 I^ 
 
 
 of 
 
 
 h. 
 
 (*) 
 
 I^ 
 
 
 tr 
 
 ic) 
 
 In 
 
 
 (I 
 
 
 (2 
 
 
 (3 
 
 
 {A 
 
 
 (5 
 
 
 (6 
 
 
 (7 
 
 id) 
 
 In 
 
 
 (I 
 
 
 (2 
 
 
 (3 
 
 {e) 
 
 In 
 
 
 (I 
 
 
 (2 
 
 
 (3 
 
BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIEF 
 
 87 
 
 at the acces 
 
 (c) New measures of prevention : 
 (i) Restoration of the currency. 
 
 (2) I^ocal responsibility for local distress. 
 
 (3) vSystem of Poor Houses and Houses of Cor- 
 rection. 
 
 2. Progress of the country : 
 
 (a) In Agricui^Ture : More capital, better stock use 
 of dressings for the scMl. employment of more 
 hands. 
 
 {d) In Manufactures : Linen, silk, worsted, woollen 
 trade. Iron, tin, copper, cutlery. Ship-building. 
 
 ic) In Trade and Commerce : 
 
 (i) Influx of artisans and capital through troubles 
 in Antwerp and Bruges. 
 
 (2) Growth of commercial cities and towns. 
 
 (3) New trade routes to Russia, Africa, America 
 India. ' 
 
 (4) Adventure, Exploration ; Fisheries, Slave 
 Trade. 
 
 (5) Elizabeth's Charter to East India Company. 
 1599. ^ 
 
 (6) Establishment of the Royal Exchange. 
 
 (7) Creation of an English navy. 
 
 (d) In WEAI.TH AND SoCIAI, CoMFORTS : 
 
 ( 1 ) Improvements in dwellings, Elizabethan villas- 
 domestic comforts, use of glass, pillows' 
 carpets, chimneys, brick and stone dwellings! 
 
 (2) Introduction of vehicles. 
 
 (3) Revolution in dress. 
 {e) In Literature : 
 
 (1) ♦' Luxuriance and prodigality of fancy." 
 
 (2) Refining influences of the Renascence. 
 
 (3) Italian influence through travel, poetry and 
 romances such as Lyly's "I£uMues" : Sid- 
 Uey's "Arcadia." 
 
83 
 
 TUDOR PERIOD. 
 
 ii>. 
 
 '!;< 
 
 (4) Growth of Grammar Schools. 
 
 (5) Translations from the Classics (Chapman I 
 
 (6) Historical Wterature (Daniel, Raleigh). 
 
 (7) Elizabethan Age of English Literati] 
 (see XI). ^ 
 
 (/) In Discovery : 
 
 (i) Frobisher: Hudson's Bay. 
 
 (2) Gilbert : Newfoundland. 
 
 (3) Davis, Raleigh, Hawkins, Drake : America I 
 (^) EuzABETH's Court: "the astute, and cautiJ 
 
 Cecil ; the eager and opinionated WalsingliaJ 
 the courtly Raleigh ; the compliant Leicester 
 Robert Cecil Davison, Hunsdon, Howard, Es ' 
 Drake, Knolleys. ' 
 
 VII. Elizabeth and Constitutional Government 
 
 I. A Modified System of New Monarchy : 
 
 {a) Coercion of juries in political trials. 
 
 id) Arbitrary imprisonments; arbitrary taxation, 
 cloth and wines. 
 
 (c) Grant of monopolies. 
 id) Royal proclamations respecting unity of worslij 
 regulation of trade, supplemental legislation ' ' 
 2. Elizabeth and the Houses : 
 
 (a) Parliament summoned only in emergencies. 
 
 id) Growth of the spirit of independence 
 Commons. 
 
 ic) Gradual abandonment of attempts to pack ParlJ 
 
 id) Disputed claim of Royal Prerogative in Trdi 
 
 Religion, and State matters. 
 ie) England largely governed by Elizabeth ^ 
 
 Council ; duty of Parliament to vote supplies. 
 Instances of the growing power of Parliament : . 
 (a) Pressure on Elizabeth of the Succession i^uestioJ 
 
 111 
 
 3. 
 
 ib) 
 
 Business of SuddIv counlecl wif »i tlio g.,o,,^.,„; — 
 
BRITISH HISTORY iN BRIEF. 
 
 89 
 
 iT^ernment 
 
 (c) Freedom of members from arrest 
 
 (d) Greater freedom of speech, and of election. 
 
 (e) Parliament's claim of supremacy in Church mat- 
 
 (i) Bill for the New Confession of Faith 
 (2) Bill for a more Puritan I^iturgy 
 (/) Parliament's claim to Control of Trade • 
 (I) Bill for the Abolition of Monopolies.' 
 III. The New Protestantism .— 
 
 '■ ":S^^LJS^^:^,^:^-^^-^nn^' ; quiet 
 
 3. Ultra-Protestant clergy under ParW^r • i».^ . • 
 
 the moral and sociafcharacter of the clSSr"^""^'"' '" 
 
 4. Puritanism in the Grammar Schools and Universities 
 
 -M?f J^b'^L'^abiu^'^-'"'" "'^"'Ptof fope Gregory 
 
 A Catholic insurrection in Ireland • 
 (a) Spaniards and Italians in Ireland 
 (3) Desmond's revolt. Capitulation at Smerwlck. 
 
 A Catholic insurrection in Scotland • 
 {a) Unnox, a Catholic Stuart, the King's adviser 
 d Execution of Morton, a former regent 
 (C) Seizure of Tames VT at p,,fi, . „ 
 
 A Catholic insurrection in Eng-land • 
 (a) Jesuit missionary priests undpr ra».H3- - ' ^ 
 
 sous. " ~^"'i-mti aim Par- 
 
 I. 
 
 2. 
 
 f^f^ 
 

 ) j 
 
 90 TUDOR PERIOD. 
 
 (d) Alarm of Protestants and Parliament, 
 (f) Persecution of the Jesuits ; flight of Parsons ; 
 cution of Campian. 
 
 (d) Hostility of Philip, the real foe to the new 
 testantism. 
 
 (<?) Philip's aims : 
 
 ( 1 ) To coerce Italy. 
 
 (2) To command Germany. 
 
 (3) To support the Catholics in France. 
 
 (4) To crush heresy in Flanders. 
 
 (5) To despatch an armada against England. 
 (/) Formation of the Dutch Republic of the Unil 
 
 Provmces of the Netherlands. 
 
 (.?■) Alarm of England over the massacre of St. Bar 
 lomew's Day, 1572. 
 
 (/%) Philip's annexation of Portugal, and attack onl 
 Netherlands. ' 
 
 X. Tlfiigland and Spain :— 
 
 1. England on the offensive : 
 
 (a) Assistance to Conde and the Huguenots by ml 
 "sea-dogs." J 
 
 (6) Drake's attacks on Spain and the ' ' Spanish Mai 
 (c) Drake's plunder of Spanish treasure-ships. ] 
 {d) Volunteers in the revolt of the Netherlands ual 
 
 Wm. of Orange, against Spanish tyranny. ' f 
 {e) Anglo-Dutch Alliance : Elizabeth pressed to ad 
 
 the sovereignty of Holland, Zealand, Utrecht, 
 
 2. Spain's encouragements : 
 
 (a) Assassination of the Prince of Orange. 
 (6) League to exclude Henry of Navarre, a Protest 
 from the French throne. 
 
 (c) Capture of Antwerp by the Duke of Parma. 
 
 (d) Disaster to the English reinforcements at Zutph 
 ISoO. Death of fitr PVii1i« <iiA.,^,r 
 
 The Amij 
 
 (a) Itsst 
 
 vs. a 
 
 junci 
 Flan 
 
 (d) Parm 
 fleet. 
 
 (c) Loyal 
 Eliza 
 
 id) Engl 
 Haw] 
 
 (e) Enga, 
 tered 
 
 Results oi 
 (a) Triun: 
 {f>) Unity 
 
 (c) Assert 
 
 (d) Engla 
 {e) Engla 
 
 (/■) Inde] 
 Nethe 
 (.^) Safet] 
 (/i) Decay 
 (i) Recotfi 
 Em op 
 
to the new 
 
 BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIEF. g^ 
 
 Catholic plots in England against Elizabeth • 
 
 Throgmorton's Plot ; Jesuit Plots ; BabinKton's Plot - 
 Execution of Mary Stuart. '^^mgion s i-iot . 
 
 Delay of Spanish Attack by 
 
 (a) Philip's sluggishness. 
 
 (*) Henry of Navarre's victory ov.t the Uague 
 
 ^'^ ?e«?/.' '^'a''- "Si"ff«ing the Spanish . ,-s 
 t • u '^, descent on Cadiz and Burning "of 
 Spanish Fleet, 1587 -oummg or 
 
 {d) Death of the first adiiaral of the Armada. 
 
 The Armada, 1588 : 
 
 ^""^ I? t' pflliih ^' vessels 30,621 soldiers and sailors 
 vs. no F.nghsh vessels and 9,000 seamen • orooosed 
 
 FlaS.™"' '"""""'^ """' "' -,ooo"k,El;l 
 
 («) Pama's detention in Flanders by the Dutch 
 
 ''' ElSgth^'a^d'lfiVv"" ^"'^'''■■' '° '^"S-"'. 
 
 ''" iafSLTXh'eTbS^nS' ^^^■■■°"' °-''. 
 
 (e) Engagements, storms, defeats : return ot « shat- 
 tered vessels to Spain. 
 
 Besults of the Defeat of the Armada : 
 (a) Triumph of England and Protestantism 
 {f>) Unity of the English People. 
 
 (c) Assertion of England's power and safety. 
 
 (d) England's supremacy on tlie seas. 
 
 (^) England's commercial extension, and colonization 
 (/^) Independence of the 7 United Provinces of the 
 Netherlands. 
 
 (.?•) Safety of Europe from Philip's tyranny. 
 
 (/«) Decay of Spain as a political power. 
 
 (/) Recojrnition of ■Rficrlanrl'o r^^,.,^- i,Tr +v.^ t- e 
 
 Emope ° i'-"^r Dy the nations of 
 
IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
 ^ 
 
 <^ 
 
 /a 
 
 '^A 
 
 
 
 1.0 
 
 I.I 
 
 i la iio 
 
 11-25 111.4 
 
 Photographic 
 
 Sciences 
 Corporation 
 
 1.6 
 
 33 WIST MAIN STRUT 
 
 WIBSTeRNY t4580 
 
 (716) 873-4503 
 
 V 
 
 V 
 
 [\ 
 
 ■^ 
 
 <^ 
 
 
 
9« 
 
 TUDOR PBRIOD. 
 
 'i1 
 
 Elizabethan Age of Literature £ - 
 
 I. Rivival of letters : due to 
 
 (a) Awakening of a national life. 
 
 (b) Increase of wealth, refinement, leisure ; the 
 peace and prosperity. 
 
 (c) Quickening of English intelligence through 
 
 mar Schools and Universities. 
 
 (d) Passion for classics, translations ; for disccj 
 exploration, travel, history, 
 
 (e) Sackville's and Lyly's works ; publication of p 
 ed books. 
 
 (/) The new religion. 
 
 (g) National triumph over the Armada. 
 
 I. Spenser, the first ^reat English poet. "His 
 Queene the one critical event in the annals of 
 lish poetry. In its conception and treatment the] 
 strikes the note of coming Puritanism. In its relil 
 theory, Puritan to the very core. ' * 
 
 3. The Elizabethan Drama : 
 
 (a) Its tone: "The lower and the higher eleJ 
 of the whole Elizabethan age expressed i^ 
 drama." 
 
 {b) Its Italian character in part : Crossness, profaj 
 scenes of crime and cruelty ; the horrible, tliJ 
 natural, the revolting sides of human passioa| 
 
 {c) Growth of the drama: Miracle play, mo; 
 tery Play; Morality Play; Comedy, I55i;| 
 gedy, 1562. 
 
 (d) The earlier dramatists : Nash, Peele, Kvd, Gij 
 Marlowe. 
 
 ((?) Shakspere, 1564-1616 . 
 
 (i) As an actor. (2) As an adapter of plays, 
 As a poet. (4) As a dramatist : Early, '" 
 Later plays. (5) Influence and rank : ' 
 of effective incident, world-wide knowl 
 human nature, variety of characters, co 
 
 mate 
 
 iudirnic^tit 
 
 J — j-,_ . 
 
 nrpafiv»» t»r»i«r*»r • flu, fia 
 
'eele, Kvd, Gfl 
 
 BRITISH HISTORY IN BRI«p. 
 
 93 
 
 thaf e/er lived! '• ^''^'"'' ^^' ^"^ ^''^"^-^i^t 
 (/)The Jater dramatists: Webster Fnrri tvto.c- 
 
 Beaumont and Fletcher Ben Jonson' ^^'''''S''' 
 
 "e7i.!r°^' ^^^ ^°""^- of «-dern philosophy 
 JFirst English newspaper" The English MerncHer 1588. 
 Fho Conquest of Ireland :- 
 [Ireland in the days of &t P<itfi/.L> ., ^ 
 capital. Peace rivili^L^^ »'«trlck, 433 : Tara the 
 Sc^otland a^d E^iglaid ' ^^'"'"^- ^'^^'^"^"es to 
 
 l'KlngTll"elJrd"1;ish"^^'^"^""^V^^ «"- «-". 
 Dubfin. Death of Brkn ''"'^ "' ^\^nVin. u.ar 
 
 llreland in the reign of Henry II • 
 '"* o?a'|4™^'"'^ "■™^'™- 'sironKboWs co„c,„est 
 
 (*) Hmt Conquest, ..7,. Henry Lord of Ireland 
 Ireland under Tohn • 
 
 "' nuMif &Jr'^,- Ji-g- or D.o«„ed». 
 {^) Hostile factions in the Pale 
 
 ^nder Edward 11 : Edward Bruce's invasion of Ulster, 
 
 M.r Edward III: The Statute. o# Kilkenny, ,^67. 
 
 f'liiler Richard II : ' ' 
 
 f/,\ n"' ^r"^' "' " "''''' ""•" 4 "verkings. 
 
 '*' ^si?:s:;?'s'ef.-™So:;l'-'''"' ^ -="^. 
 
 fpornln'J;V7;,;;',',^„^Miagoven,„,en. i„ u,e P.,e. 
 
lO, 
 
 II, 
 
 12. 
 
 94 TUDOR PBRIOD. 
 
 Under Henry VIII: (a) Wolsey's effective ru 
 Ireland, (d) Second Conquest of Ireland, hyi 
 
 well 154 1. Henry King of Ireland. (<:) Irelad 
 the Reformation : an outward conformity to thet 
 of Cranmer. 
 
 Under Edward VI: Enforcement of Protestaa 
 introduction of Ihe English Liturgy, 
 
 Under Mary : Restoration of Catholicism. 
 Under Elizabeth : 
 (a) Reversal of Mary's policy. 
 {f>) Sir Henry Sydney, I^rd Deputy: Policy 
 Supremacy and Protestantism. 
 
 (c) Lord Grey : Desmond's Revolt ; capitulati 
 Smerwick, 1580. ^ 
 
 {d) Fitzwilliam : Revolt of Hugh O'Neill, 
 Tyrone. Insurrection and death of Essex. 
 
 {e) Lord Mountjoy : Surrender of Tyrone 
 ConqueAt of Ireland, i6oa: Devastatiej 
 Ireland. 
 
 (/) Sir Arthur Chichester : 
 
 (r) Influx of English and vScottish settler 
 Leinster and Ulster. 
 
 (2) English system of governmer' 'istic^ 
 perty. 
 
 (3) English uniformity of religion. 
 
 Bxamlnatlon Questions on the Tudor Period. 
 
 * Ilonort. 
 
 1. Relate thp story of the Armada, deaHnR specially with (n\ ThJ 
 remote inid .ilroia. (b) The nature (if the rrisls (r\ T ,p ait» * 
 The results of its failure tc EuKland/ to VpSlit- to^ km^llf 
 
 * 2. OiveHomearoountof Shakspere. (a) As a poet (h) As an .i<ii 
 muiit. Write a note on his influeuce. 1875. 
 
rolt ; capitulati 
 
 idor Period. 
 
 BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIF.F 
 
 D.spiiss the justice, proprfetv anrl 3m f ' '^^'''"- ^^SO. 
 
 ^rudorsandtheVuarte!T882.^'^^^^™"™*^»'-J"» reigiis of 
 
 f > f »,me acMunt ol t Mr TrlMl^^! 'iS"' '""l>'>'« o' that lirtolf JJ^ 
 e,SSM£lJ'E'll'^a"'»W«l .nd con,m«rdal activity „, 
 
 „|»>j»i.«l. 1(«7. „ ,„„, j^^,„„. 
 
 !i 
 
96 
 
 TUDOR PERIOD. 
 
 23. Sketch the career of Wolsey with sijecial reference to (a) His ecclosij 
 tical ad iiinistration. (6) His foreign policy, (c) His efforts to f(i>ii 
 the King's absolutism, (d) His national reforms, (e) His dealinj 
 with Parliament. (/) His part in the Divorce Question, (g) His dov 
 fall. 1888. 
 
 24. What was the attitude assumed towards the Church by Elizabeth at h^ 
 accession ? What, in your opinion, led her to assume that attitude ? h 
 
 * 25. 'The poem (Fairie Queene) expressed, indeed, the very life of ti 
 
 time."— Green. Explain what the historian means. 18>'9. 
 26. Sketch in brief outline tlie history of the (Conquest of Ireland, up to \\ 
 close of Elizabeth's reign. 1890. 
 
 * 27. Write a paper on the social life of the English people In the time 
 
 Elizabeth, dealing more especially with such political, commercial w 
 other tendencies as in your opuiion more particularly affected t!i 
 social life. 1890. 
 
 * 28. Characterize the statesmanship of Thos. Cromwell, and point out w 
 
 some detail its results upon the prerogative of the Monarch, 1890. 
 
 * 29. Sketch the career of Thoo. Cromwell with special reference to (n) 
 
 power of the Throne, (b) The status of the Church, (c) The sUitu-i 
 Parliament. 1S91. 
 
 30. Describe as tersely as you can the character of Elizabeth. Illustratel 
 by reference to her acts as monarch of England. 1891. 
 
 * .SI. (n) Describe the conditions portraj;ed in More's Utopia, in respect I 
 
 labor, public healtli, political and social equality, punitory laws, pulj 
 education, and religious toleration, and compare tnem with the actii 
 conditions, in these respects, that existed in England at the time t 
 lx)ok was written, (b) Show briefly how far the conditions portrayi 
 in the Utopia have been since realized In the actual social developma 
 of the nation. 1892. 
 
 * 32. (a) Describe carefully the industrial development and commen 
 
 progress that characterized the reign of Elizal)eth and as far as possilj 
 account for the same, (b) Sketch also the improvements made durii 
 Elizabeth's reign in the social life of the people, and in their dwelliBj 
 furniture, clothing, food, etc. 1892. 
 
 * 33. Give an account of the literary activity that characterized the 1 
 
 years of the 16th century and the early years of the 17th, brij 
 describing the writers and writings (omitting, however, Shakspere i 
 his writings) that contributed towards making this period one of j 
 most brilliant in English literary history. 1892. 
 
 84. Give a sketch of what Queen Elizabeth and the great men of her 
 did for the benefit and honor of England during her reign. 1893. 
 
 * 36. Give SBketch of the characters and careers of Colet and Erasniiis,! 
 
 of their influence ujwn tlie educational and religious awakening wi! 
 marked the earlier years of the 16th century. 1893. 
 
 * 36. " Cromwell is in fact the flrgt English minister in whom we can 
 
 through the whole period of his ruio, the steady working out of a i 
 and neflnite purpose."— Green. Give a sketch of the character i 
 careerof Thos. Cromwell, and show what his " great and defhiiu' 
 ixwe " was, and to what extent and in what ways lie succeeded in efl 
 ingit. 1893. 
 
 * 3". Sketch 
 heads : i 
 id) Of 1 
 Mary. ( 
 joy. (h) 
 1891!. 
 
 * 3«. OutlMi< 
 
 the Tudc 
 
 * :i9. Descril 
 
 during t 
 Ijossible, 
 before th 
 reign, de 
 
 * 40. Give a 
 
 iiitiuence 
 More, W 
 Cecil, li 
 
 * 41. Write a 
 
 of Colet, 
 '■ Utopia 
 lievival.' 
 > 42. Ciive SOI 
 ing lieads 
 Condition 
 .'sncial pro 
 chief writ 
 
 * 1.1 Sketch t 
 
 the great 
 what way 
 Ills statcsi 
 
 * U. Give an 
 
 and Irelai 
 under tlie 
 
 * 4.'). Sketch c 
 
 ideal then 
 
 4(i. Sketch the 
 tion of the 
 (d) Forei^ 
 
 * 17. Enumerf 
 
 liow she St 
 her ix)licy 
 
 * IH. Give an i 
 
 fur he suc( 
 led to his ( 
 
 * 4'.i. What we 
 
 Klizalfoth ■ 
 ed in tlie fi 
 
BRITISH HISTORY IN URIKK 
 
 )f Ireland, up to tJ 
 
 * ""ihe TudoVfeiod'^Ts'jf -"''""^ ^'"^*^" ^"^'^"'^^ «"d Scotland during 
 
 More. Wyatt. Cardinal pie. BuxSrSSnl'-jiS.- ^;rl^^•^^l^^[^^l 
 I ■^o^:: n.ay claim to be^l^JS:;?^, 1^^^^^'^^ ^ 
 
 chief writers an.lVhl. worS ^eic" Hi;\SkU:rS' 'S"^'""" "' '"^ 
 J.1 Slietch the career and cimracter of Thos. Cromwell showiti- wh.,f w-a 
 the great aim of his ifoiitieal life, and indicatii iir tA wl^ .^.Tv^.-Y i"^^' 
 what ways he succee.led in effectiiL' his S^ o li f^'^Vi " "' '" 
 his statesmanship modelled? 'j^l,'^'*' '"s Purpose. On what ideal was 
 
 I* J4. Give an historical outline of the relations pvisHiKT >>nf, „.>„., u. i 
 
 N(i. Sketch the reiffn of Henry VIII under the followiuR heads- r«) Con.H 
 ion of tlie iH,'ople. (h) Cliaracter of tlie King, (c) Sious cha J I" 
 ((i) foreign wars, (f) Chief ministers. 1898 ^''' ^*-^^«^ous u^augnH. 
 
 ■ 17 Enumerate the difficulties that l)eset Elizabeth at lier accession shn«, 
 
 h^i^Si'cr'Ys'o!!' "'"''' '''''' "'^^" difficulties. KSm^'^hea^surts^o^f 
 
i 
 
 
 .1: 
 
 
 STUART PERIOD. 
 
 1603-1714: jjj Years. 
 
 A.-JAMES I. 1603-1628 
 
 I. Stuart claims to the throne :- 
 
 Henry VII 
 
 thur ITAn^-.. 
 
 ' I Mary+chas. «rai,.l(,i,, 
 
 James V. I l^ukcii 
 
 Ed. VI Mary Elizabeth 
 
 -Mary Quueii of Scots 
 
 ^, , _ Wuifulkl 
 March, of Dorset. 
 
 1/' 
 
 II. Tl 
 
 I. 1» 
 
 James VI of Scotland 
 Jas. I of England 
 
 T^ttdy Jane Grey. 
 
 Influence on 
 
 2. 
 
 'uritans:- ^ 
 
 Translation o7the Bible iKii 
 i^\ Tl, r ^ ,, ">"ie, ion. iiinuence on I 
 
 {a) The riitellectual life of Entrlanrl • TJ,« J 
 
 England's prose litemturJ n ,T^"" i 
 
 ^^^ ^^ oM£s^S - — ^^ 
 
 (*) l^he Social life: Biblical sentiment and phraseJ 
 
 ^'' laLfn^w^ncSlf^Sf "^^TP- «^ ^'j 
 grandeur, manb? dlSIJlf^^^^^^^^^^^ '>^^"1 
 
 English national lif^- ^odai e" -^"^ 
 reduction of crime equality, honest) J 
 
 The Puritans ; Types :— 
 («) John Milton, the completest fl„rl i.,- 1 * . I 
 
 Chas. I and the Co.nliJo'lwealtht- ^''"'^ ^^" ^H 
 (I) ffis early verse reflecting the rise of Puritan- 
 98 
 
 III. The 
 
 1. Fou 
 
 2. Beli 
 in 
 mt 
 
 3. Pre£ 
 Co 
 
 4. The 
 an( 
 
 5. The 
 dis 
 
 6. JauK 
 Th> 
 
 7. Thoi 
 
 8. Rich 
 
Mary + Louis XII 
 fy+Chas. BraiKloiii 
 
 I Duke.iir 
 
 -^ I , . SuifoHl 
 Mureh. of JJorstt. 
 
 I'ttdy June Gruv 
 
 nflueiice on 
 
 The origin oi 
 he noblest exj 
 the revolution 
 
 : aud phraseoj 
 
 :eniper of thel 
 of man ; iriorall 
 >1 ; sobriety ofj 
 lity, honesty I 
 
 fhest type (seel 
 se of Puritan. 
 
 3- 
 
 2. 
 
 BRITISH HISTORY IN BR IFF r^ 
 
 ^""^ Piii?Sm ^*' '" "^^' ^^'"■'' ^^'"^ ^"" P^^^"" "^ 
 
 /,. iv "'" ^^'''^ °^ °^^ ^^^' "^^ f^" of Puritanism 
 ^^ weaUlO.'"''"''"'" ^''" ^^ ^^^^- ^' ^"^1 ^^'^ Common- 
 ly) John Bunyan (see IX Chas. II). 
 (d) Col. Hutchinson, '<the Puritan Knight " 
 
 ^SSrchriSee"*^"*^^'^"^ ''""^ *^^ Established 
 ni. The Presbyterians :- 
 
 I. Founder: John Calvin of Geneva. 
 
 Beliefs : Objection to the old ritual, the sign of the cross 
 in^baptism, the surplice, the form of Church goven'! 
 
 Preaching of John Knox in Scotland ; the fi) 
 Covenant, 1557. 
 
 The Act of vSupremacy: All ecclesiastidf 
 and legislative power in the hands of the 
 
 The Act of Uniformity: Rigid course of , 
 discipline. 
 
 ^Th?P?^r^,^°^^^.'^^"'J'> government of Scotland- 
 The Establishment of Episcopacy. " 
 
 Thos. Cartwright : 
 
 (a) Presbyterian bigot, educated at Geneva 
 
 ^*^ ChlZf^; ^^1 ??^'^ "'^ state un.l'er the 
 Church, to abolish Bishops, to establish 
 
 ?orml"of ly'' f P7«byters, tS crush aH ot!l^' 
 forms of the church as heresies. 
 Richard Hooker: 
 
 (a) English Vicar ; opponent of Cartwright ; one 
 of the best prose writers. 
 '^Ecclesiastical Polity--. Reason + Scripture 
 the guide in human affairs, not ecclesiasticai 
 dogmatism The Divine order in Scripturel 
 mofhl relations + social and noliticai ^xx'^Wux 
 Uons, superior to the Church/ ' " " 
 
 4. 
 
 Scottisli 
 Jdiction 
 
 ine and 
 
 8. 
 
 {b) 
 
 % 
 
 h 
 
 7 1 
 
 A 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 f-t 
 
 1 
 
 li 
 
i I 
 
 loo 
 
 STUART PERIOD. 
 
 (establishei 
 
 '"" '^^L^S^^^^f^ Commission 
 
 (n) Persecution of Non-conformist Ministers n I 
 throw of liberty of worship. ^'"'^ters. OvtrJ 
 
 (6) Deposition of the clergy 
 
 (c) Alteration of College and School statutes. 
 
 1? i/"^""/.^^^^ jurisdiction in inquisitorial dealings 
 
 {e) Despotic power of the primates 
 
 (0 Fugitives in the Netherlands. 
 (2) Emigration to America (" PilDTim T?o+i, J 
 in the Mayflower, 1626). ^'^^""^ Fathers'] 
 
 3. Martin Marprelate Controversy • 
 
 ( r) Censorship of the Press. 
 
 (2) Piiblishing-house restrictions • P,-;.,f 
 
 stages ,„ the struggle for Press Liberty • 
 
 lion 
 
 
 players, theatres, hun 
 
 music, etc. Uud's" 
 other pamphleteers. 
 
 f y"g, maypoles, cards] 
 tofture of Prynne ani 
 
BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIKF. 
 
 lOI 
 
 t (t'stablishfcd la 
 
 >urt ; a spirits 
 
 •linisters, OvtrJ 
 
 itatutes. 
 )rial dealings. 
 
 paratists (Mod) 
 
 egation to he aj 
 to a national 
 
 V the Bisl 
 
 ion 
 
 rrim Fathers 
 
 to check tliJ 
 
 : Printing 
 ties; reductioBi 
 
 
 
 stnctions, an| 
 pie. 
 
 •rty : 
 
 An attack oil 
 
 lypoles, cards] 
 
 Prynne and 
 
 (2) Milton's '\Areopagitica'' : K plea for nn 
 
 (3) 
 
 (4) 
 
 Greater liberty to the 
 : Publication of Parlia- 
 
 licensed printing. 
 
 Revolution of 1688 : 
 Press. 
 
 John Wilkes' triumph 
 mentary proceedings. 
 
 The First of the Stuarts :— 
 
 1. Catholic reaction : 
 {a) Protestant Europe: Most of Austria, Hungary, 
 
 Poland, and Germany ; Scandinavia, the Netherl 
 lands, England and Scotland. 
 {b) Sources of weakness among the Protestants : Con- 
 troversies, persecutions, divisions ; " bitter, barren 
 discussions between the Lutheran and the Calvin- 
 istic churches." 
 
 (c) Catholic Council of Trent: Zeal and energy of 
 Capuchins and Jesuits. Rapid advance of Catho- 
 licism. 
 
 {d) Hope of the Catholics in Jas. I because of his 
 mother's creed, and of his intrigues for their 
 support before his accession. 
 
 2. Doom of Catholicism in England : 
 {a) The Millenary Petition, 1603 : Petition of 800 
 
 clergy for no change in the government or organ- 
 ization of the Church, but for reform in the Church 
 Courts, provision and training of godly ministers 
 and the suppression of " Popish Usages " in the 
 
 IDT) b f (■ Prayer Book. 
 
 f U)ndin" foil (*) Gunpowder Plot, 1604 : Discovery of a Catho- 
 
 lic plot to blow up the King and Parliament. 
 Infliction of heavy penalties on all Catholics. 
 Character and Policy of James I : 
 
 (a) Character: Pedantic, obstinate, selfish; "the 
 wisest fool in Christendom." 
 
 {b) Policy : Divine Right of Kings. " Hereditary 
 regal succession and unbroken ecclesiastical suc- 
 
 State and the Church.' 
 
 3 Oi int; 
 
 i 
 
 ft. 
 
 
 ■ i 
 
 i.i 
 
 I 
 
 *' . 
 
 i 
 
 w 
 
 
 !-(i 
 
 * I 
 
 le 
 
 ' '[ 
 
 Js- 
 
 
 ;*! 
 
 • V 
 
 
 : ■ ^11 
 
I02 
 
 STUART PERIOD. 
 
 id) 
 
 (e) 
 
 U') Tudor and Stuart Absolutism : 
 
 ^'^ lenZh' "" -"^^^ compleie in itself, indepenJ 
 dent of foreign or papal interference." ^ ' 
 
 (2) .Stuart: "a rule free from all control of the I 
 rTykrJnT '''^"''"^^'^'y to anything but ti;:| 
 
 Doctrine of ''Passive Obedience": "Assertion 
 by Church and Universities of James' divine rS 
 to all civil power, and consequent Mslive obSu^ 
 ence of subjects as a religious obligation " 
 
 t"rcfe°g"y^°^'' Conference of prelates and Puri- 
 
 ^ '^ dZ^^" ° • ^^A' P""tans : determined, indepen- 
 Sfe^ny^J^^oS^^^^^^^^^^-^'^^"^!^- 
 
 (2) Attitude of James: "No Bishop. „o Kin;r " 
 Determination "to make the P .ritans coi, 
 form or harry them out of the lamf" 
 
 (3) Translation of the Bible, 1611. 
 
 VI James I and his Parliament :~ 
 
 I. Review of the Tudor relations to Parliament • 
 
 ^""^ §esnL-y^^ •■ S"^P^"«i«» of Parliamentary life 
 Uespotic government. ^ 
 
 ^h) Henry VIII : 
 
 (r) Wolsey's suppression of the two Houses 
 
 ^'^ dTcTown '''''''' °^ Parliament as the lool of 
 
 (.d) Elizabeth : Wolsey's plan exrenf i« ft,^ ^ 
 
 (0 
 
BRITISH HISTORY IN RRIKF. 
 
 103 
 
 itself, indepen- 
 rence." 
 
 control of the I 
 tiything but the 
 
 > . <( 
 
 Assertion 
 ;s' divine right 
 passive obedi. 
 ition." 
 
 ates and Purl- 
 
 lined, indepen- 
 King's infalli- 
 
 'P, no King." 
 P -ritans con- 
 md." 
 
 I. 
 
 iment : 
 
 nentary life. 
 
 louses. 
 
 IS the tool of 
 
 liament with 
 ^ion. 
 
 emergencies 
 yal Council 
 1 privilege. 
 
 and Trade. 
 
 lament only 
 
 3. Parliament of 1604 : 
 
 {a ) Its Puritan character. 
 
 {b) Rejection by the King of ecclesiastical reforms. 
 
 {c) Address of the Commons on its right to deal with 
 
 the abuses of the Church. 
 {d) The King's claim of absolutism. Counter claim of 
 
 Parliament: "changes ecclesiastical or civil only 
 
 by consent of Parliament. ' ' Dissolution. 
 (<?) Opposition of James and the Bishops ; 300 Puritan 
 
 clergy driven from their livings for non-conformity. 
 
 4. Parliament of 1610 : 
 
 (rt) Course of illegal taxation : Imposition of customs' 
 
 duties by Royal proclamation. 
 C') Parliament called for supplies : 
 
 (i) Parliamentary remonstrance against illegal 
 taxation. 
 
 (2) Demand for ecclesiastical reforms : Regulation 
 by statute of the Ecclesiastical Commission 
 Court ; restoration of Non-conformist clergy ; 
 recognition of Parliament's control of eccles- 
 iastical matters. 
 
 (3) Dissolution of Parliament. 
 
 .-. Parliament of 1614 (" Addled Parliament ") : 
 (a) Minority of Court candidates. 
 {b) Parliamentary heroes: Jno. Pym, Jno. Eliot, Tno. 
 
 Hampden, Thos. Wentworth, Ed. Coke, Selden. 
 {c) Refusal of supply till grievances were redressed. 
 {(i) Quarrel between the Commons and the Lords over 
 
 the question of privilege. 
 
 {e) Dissolution. Four of the leading Commoners sent 
 to the Tower. 
 
 '•>. Seven Years of Royal Government without a 
 Parliament ; an era of despotic absolutism : 
 {a) Ecclesiastical Commission Court's persecutions. 
 
 {b) Royal proclamations instead of laws. Benevolences 
 and forced loans. 
 
 
io4 
 
 r 
 
 11* 
 
 V 
 
 STt/ART PERIOD. 
 
 ''' ^^^^n'^.;^^'^--"-" worth ^,J 
 ^'' i?r^Et".,°c'oir"-- °'^°"-' "f Chief Jus.iJ 
 
 '^'prX'real4^LSr-^ '° '-ni^h funds ,,J 
 
 ( ,?■) Government bv favr.r-,-f ^o • . , 
 
 Council: ^ favorites instead of the Royal | 
 
 (1) Robert Carr, Earl of Rochester 
 
 (2) Geo. Villieis, Duke of Buckingham 
 i^) Revival of «• purveyance." 
 (0 Undoing the work of Elizabeth and the Armada • 
 
 III ^^LT^''^ ^P^"^^^ "^^rriage. 
 2 Withdrawal from French allifnce. 
 
 (3) The 30 Years' War, the result of Tas T'. uv 
 foreign policy. ^ • ^ '^ "^""' 
 
 (4) Execution of Ralpio-Vi (^1 
 
 King. Raleigh to please the Spanish j 
 
 I*arliament of leg-* • 
 (") Measures for th„ ^covery of the Palatinate. 
 
 " pStealotnSS-r^ °- "'^ -is"' '» in,. 
 (0 Impeachment of f}i»» nu„^ ^^ 
 
 Bacon, for hribery'aSU'S'"'' """''' 
 (a) Impeachnientof monopolists"- tl,,'i„i .., 
 country ,nono,x,li.ed b"; about ",S pSLi "" 
 
 ''''^Sn°ff,^X-=-rel„ae 
 
 (0 
 
 to the 
 ■S. Or^owms Power of Parliament shown i„ .hestr„««„. 
 
BRITISH HISTORY IN BRI^F 
 
 (a) Right to control taxation, to impeach anM 
 
 officers of the Crown, to deal A^th Churrl T'"^''^ 
 and other state matters. <^hurch, foreign 
 
 (3) The suppression of monopolies. 
 
 (c) Law-court reforms. 
 
 {d) Right of free debate in the Houses. 
 
 The 30 Years' War. 1618-1648 : - 
 
 Causes : 
 
 and Fenlinan.! of Austria '"" "' "'" '-■'"<'■ 
 
 England's part in the War : 
 (a) Marriage of Elizabeth t^= t. 
 
 Frederick, i6i3.' '' ' " daughter and 
 (*) James's refusal of aid to Frederick Tl,„ , < 
 against Holland, the ally of Frederick ''™' "' "" 
 
 ''^ iSSgues'oMames w^h'-ir' ^«'!'"'* ^-'"-k 
 
 The King's opposition. Dissolut?on^^ " ' ^^'^'"• 
 Colonization of Ulster •- 
 
 Confiscation of Ulster from* the rebellious chiefs 
 
 'r:nVKiH7°eit;^^^^^^^^^^ 
 
 Scottish Presbyterians rdLSlS^if p^""*^"''- «"'^ 
 ics and the natives. '" dominate the Roman Cathol- 
 
 'I'l! ?!!i°fi!'*^,?^"-^y K"^ Scottish adv..H„. 
 
^°^ ' STUART PERIOD 
 
 4. Colonization of Londonderry by London citizens! 
 
 5. Results of the Plantation : 
 
 (a) Immediate ; Discontent, outlawry. 
 
 (d) Remote : Prosperity of the linen trade ; cent J 
 
 stronghold of Irish Protestantism. 
 {c) The cause of later revolt and massacre. 
 
 B.-CHARLES I. 1636-1649. 
 
 I. Charles I and his Parliament :— 
 
 I. Character of the King : Obstinate, weak, vain, 
 
 2. 
 
 4- 
 
 Clous, extravagant, 
 courteous. 
 
 faithless ; reserved, digni 
 
 Foreign relations : 
 
 {a) Declaration of war with Spain. 
 
 (A) Treaty of alliance with Holland. 
 
 (c) Alliance with France: Marriage of CharlesI 
 
 Henrietta Maria, daughter of Henrv IV of Iri 
 {d) Negotiations with the Lutheran Princes of l 
 
 Germany. ■ 
 
 Charles and the Catholics : 
 (a) Renewed measures of toleration for the C.itlij 
 
 {/>) Hostile policy towards Puritanism. Laud tli 
 clesiastical head. ' 
 
 (c) Influence over Charles of his Catholic wife. 
 
 First Parliament, 1625 : 
 
 (a) Puritan majority in the Conmions. 
 
 {d) Limitation of tonnage and poundage to oueyl 
 
 (c) Rstablishment of first weekly itdand post. 1 
 
 [d) Oxford meeting of houses on account of a rj 
 in London. ' 
 
 (g) Failure of Ruckinghai 's foreign policy 
 mons' remonstra.icc with the Kiiij? for uiviiU 
 to France. 
 
 (2) 1 
 
 (3)1 
 1 
 
 [(/) Eliot 
 mi.ssa 
 
 (e) Disso 
 
 [The King' 
 
 (rt) Arbitr 
 taxati 
 Quart 
 Press; 
 
 Impri, 
 
 Ihickii 
 of Ro( 
 
 (r) H, 
 
 (2) Fa 
 ca 
 
 (3) Ini 
 G< 
 
 (4) AS! 
 
 (5) Pcf 
 Ilarvp' 
 the bid 
 
 (r) 
 
 d) 
 
I^ndon citizcnil 
 
 iwry. 
 
 en trade ; ceiitre| 
 ;ism. 
 
 aassacre. 
 
 49. 
 
 !, weak, vain, 
 reserved, dip 
 
 1. 
 
 ij?e of Charlcsl 
 Elenry IV of I'l 
 n Princes of A 
 
 n for the CathJ 
 ism. Ivaud, tbj 
 
 itholic wife. 
 
 )ns. 
 
 ulage to one \\ 
 iland post, 
 ccount of a [1 
 
 !tgii policy, 
 ^ing for xivinj 
 
 BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIRI^. ^ 
 
 Second Parliament, 1626 • 
 
 ent, impulsive; el^ulm? ' ^^'^^-h^-drf, vel,e,„: 
 W Eliot's policy : 
 
 (3) The Impeachment of Officers of tl,» f'„ 
 
 maladministration ™"' "' ""= Crown for 
 
 {e) Dissolution of the House. 
 The King's Rule without a Parliament, 1626-8 • 
 
 Quartering TsE:"^,,'^^^^-';^ ^-'^-"f "• 
 Pressgangs for the army aiKHiTvy ^^-'•^'"kI.s. 
 
 ! /;"P"««««^ent of John Hampden for protest 
 {r) Ihickingham's failure to relieve the H,,?. . • 
 of Rochelle : ^iieve uie Huguenot city 
 
 (r) Heavy loss of English troops 
 
 (2) Fall of Rochelle, and ruin of the TT. 
 
 cause in France. ^ Huguenot 
 
 (4) A.s.sassination of Buckingham 
 
 (5) Peace with France, 1679. 
 
 i'h Harvev's crroaf ^i;o^-,..__-. _, ,. „- 
 
 the hlood." ----^^O. i02« ; The circulation of 
 
 .■r^ 
 
 fr 
 
io8 
 
 STUART PERIOD 
 
 Third Parliament, 1628-1629: 
 (a) Great minority of Court members. 
 id) Great ^aders : Eliot, Pym, Hampden, 
 well, Wentworth, Coke, Selden. 
 
 ic) Petition Of Right, i6a8 : The complement 
 Great Charter :— f m 
 
 (1) Recital of former Statutes against arbi 
 
 taxation, forced loans, benevolences 
 imprisonment, imprisonment without 
 Illegal death penalties, billeting in 
 houses. 
 
 (2) Petition of Rights and Uberties • No 
 gifts, loans, benevolence, without Parlian 
 consent ; no arrests for refusal of the sara 
 inipnsonment except for just cause ; nod 
 tion in prison without a trial ; no billej 
 soldiers or sailors in private houses • tiol 
 tial law commissions ; no infringement! 
 rights of the Houses. 
 
 (d) The King's reluctant assent. 
 
 (t) Tlie Quarrel of Religion, 1639 : 
 
 (0 Irritation o* the Commons at the favor 
 to I,au(1. and over illegal taxation. 
 
 (2) Question of Laud's religious innovatiom 
 stematic attack on English liberty off 
 science ; assertion of Passive Obedience I 
 Right, and King's Absolutism. 
 
 (3) Discussion of the question forbidden 
 king. 
 
 (4) Eliot's last vindication of liberty • •' Hisl 
 solutions in the House declanne h i 
 enemy to the kingdom and the liberty i 
 Commonwealth any religious innovatoj 
 adviser of illegal taxation, or anv c(J 
 to such tax. 
 
 (5) Itnprisonment of Eliot and 8 others ])4 
 
 hhot in the Tower, 1632, "the first 
 to the cause of liberty." 
 
 (6) Dissolution of the House. 
 
 (6) 
 
 (7) : 
 rs) 1 
 
 Laud anc 
 
 («) Lauf 
 
 Cath 
 
 hood 
 
 mass 
 
 The Purit 
 
 {") Denu 
 
 id) Their 
 proiii 
 
BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIIJK 
 
 109 
 
 ibers. 
 
 I, Hs 
 eldec 
 
 le complement 
 
 I, Hampden, 
 elden. 
 
 tes against arlj 
 
 benevolences, 
 
 iment without 
 
 billeting in 
 
 Eliza- 
 
 few Engrland — 
 
 on the co.itinent.-' ^ ^^ Catholic Church 
 
 (c) Laud's course : 
 
 ^'^H!^h\:;;;ir^r^JS^:^ vacancies filled w 
 
 (4) Proclamation of Passive Obedience 
 
 (5) Prohibition of the importation r.f ii r> 
 Bible (a translatiot, on thf basis of T ^f ^'^''^ 
 1557-60)- "Lutudsisot lyndale's, 
 
 (6) Enforcement of Church holidays 
 
 (7) Publication of a "Book of «5r.^w .. r 
 Sabbath. ""' '^P^''*^ f«r Ibe 
 
 (S) Penalties for, and dismissal of the PnH, 
 clergy. ' "^ Puritan 
 
 Laud and the Clerg-y : 
 
 (a) Laud's Catholic standard of ri^o* • 
 
 (/>) Their abolition of ICpiscomov .. ,u^ e,_. ?."^' 
 proiub.lion of the " Book of 'Prayer " "^'"^>^"J 
 
I. 
 
 2. 
 
 "° STUART PERIOD. 
 
 i 
 
 (r) Puritan emigration to America : "In tt vpn„ 
 rtffic'" "^'^'' '°'°^ ^'^fi^Ji^hnien croS 
 
 id) Character of the Colonists : Nobles, merd 
 lawyers, farmers, mechanics, clergy ^ 
 
 (^) Ijeaders of the movement: Sir Harry Vane I 
 Warwick, Cromwell. Hampden, I.o?d Sa J 
 
 III. The Tyranny, 1629-1640 :- 
 
 ^ Suspension of Parliament. i 
 
 Charles I's Personal Government for 11 years 
 
 (a) Charles' foreign policy: Treaty with fJ 
 secra treaty with Spain; abandonment ol 
 Protes ant cause ; refusal to co-opera"e S ' 
 
 fn r'/^r^^^"'' '^' "'^"'^^P^^" °f Protestrntfsi 
 
 ^ £ • f.u ?'r »^0"ey: Fines for the re J 
 
 knighthood, for defective title-deeds for encj 
 
 ment on forest Ian. is. for the extension of 3 
 
 (c) Other instances of tyranny 
 
 ^'^ CoSldf °^r'''i>r"; '^" despotism of] 
 ^rmil'siot' ^^--^-'-^ Court of: 
 
 (2) 7n place of laws, royal proclamations. 
 
 Doltf ^ f- ^^^^^ ^^^^^^on, forced loans, ,l 
 polies, slapmonev. 
 
 (4) Tenure of judges 'at the King's pleasure, 
 
 r^^ l^ I'lf'-'ngement on municipal charters. 
 
 ^^Uri!;w!''^^''"^^^^^P^^^^''4-oney;a^ 
 
 (^) Hampden's trial. Decision 
 Court of Exchequer. 
 
 against hnn 
 
BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIKP. 
 
 (/) Why England did not revolt • Gen,r.i 
 
 extension of commerce ■ ranM .■•'"^P""}' : 
 
 factures and indust'S'esTinS^set^.^Ss"' """""- 
 
 ;;;fonX«™t'iefo-p-Uei.t-"'- 
 
 {2} A prominent member of f>,« r> 1 
 
 with eiiot and Pym 1614 '^ ^""''^ 
 
 (5) Death of Buckingham. Wentworth'c i • 
 
 rdiSt^'lL^d^rTf^' ''^^^^^^^^^ 
 ditionsand''reJfrarnr!;ri?ij:c?3':^"'" ""= -- 
 
 " !?^'h^'N'X°^''^"^ ^^^^""="' °' '-Council 
 Wentworth's policy • 
 
 "* £r«™'Sr '° '^^"^= ""-""-' '"rou«h 
 
 ^^' oft^li^h t^^LS- '"" '" '- "vertarow 
 (3) His poHcy of '« Thorough " 
 Wentworth in Ireland : 
 
 (1) W Deputy of Ireland, 1632.1640. 
 
 (2) Preparations for the struggle with Parli.n. . 
 Provision of revenues nr=»«oi V arlianient : 
 a standing army ^'^"^"^^«' fortresses, and 
 
 (3) Balance of Catholicism against P.^f . .- 
 
 (4) Results of his rnlp . t 0... • .. 
 
 H^firiraTS'^-r-""^--^ 
 
 trade and r.-,sh commerce ; the s....c 
 
 {/>) 
 
 (c) 
 
 i^ixaiCS, 
 
 ^^t--"*' 
 
112 
 
 STUART PERIOD. 
 
 Ii,i!ji 
 
 (5) Wentworth "the very genius of tyra„J 
 Excessive taxes ; a standing army ; remJ 
 
 ?II^S''^^?'%' ^"'^ Parliament the 3 
 the Royal will ; attempt to colonize CoJJ 
 on the Ulster plan. ""' 
 
 (6) Wentworth in England at the requests 
 
 (7) Impeachment of Wentworth bv Pvm 
 tion, 1641, -^ ^ 
 
 4. Laud : 
 
 (a) Bishop of London : 
 
 ( 1) Enforcement of Conformity to full ritua I 
 
 (2) Restoration of St, Paul's. 
 
 (3) Persecution of Dissenting Clergy 
 ^^^ ^ifcro!^f:°^ Canterbury, and First Mini, 
 
 (0 Prosecution of offenders in the Hitrh dd 
 sion Court. '^ "' 
 
 (2) Pressure on the Bishops. 
 
 (3) Reception at Court of the Papal Ugate 
 
 (4) Changes in the Scottish Service Book 
 
 (5) Useof royal power to crush out ecclJ 
 and civil liberty. Consequent Puriia] 
 gration. Danger from Scotland. ' 
 
 ^ ^'640^^"*'' Reslstaacc {>* Bishops' War"), 
 
 (a) The Church iu Scotland under James I • 
 (i) John Knox : Introduction of the Calvin 
 of Church Government by Presbyters or| 
 eral Asseinblv Administration "\( 
 cratic system for democratic Scotland' " 
 
 (2) Melville, Knox's successor: Indepeiulea 
 the Assembly ; " no Bishop. ' ' 
 
 (3) ^^tablishment of Presbyterianism l,v 
 1592, with General Assemblv, l'ro^^ 
 Synods, Presbyteries, and Kirk Sps.,„,k 
 
 (8) 
 
fenius of tyrani 
 
 ty to full rituaj 
 
 BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIEF 
 
 "3 
 
 (4) James's efforts to undo Prp-sK rt^,.,- • 
 
 J^; Church m Scotland under Charles I • 
 [i) Enforcement of the surplice 
 
 (2) Supremacy of Bishops and Crown 
 
 (3) New I^iturgy for Scotland. 
 
 ir) Resistance of the Scots, 1638-1640 • 
 
 1 Petitions against the New Wturgy 
 
 2 Riot in Edinburgh over the I;iturgy 
 
 (3) The Second Scottish Coven/.^ a o 
 
 (4) Demands made to thp R«.,oi r^ • . 
 
 mentandaFrleA'srembly!^^' * ^^^^ '''""^- 
 
 (5) England's sympathy with Scotland 
 
 6 War preparations of Charles and the Scots 
 SJISrSrjrriTCS-Canons, 
 
 *" Itotog. """" °' ^'"■■''■"•g'', DumbartoZ' 
 "°'ac*rSreta:r ''^'"=' '"•' «-"'* '-der, 
 
 ""p!rr,ftrs"cit;.d"^^"' °^ ^--""^ -^ 
 
 (T,) ^he" Kr'' "* ™^ ^^"«' '" ^y Charles. 
 ' "plrlian'^en! "" ""^ °'^'' °' ""-y ^ Call of 
 
 (14) The Short Parliament, 1640 h weelc<;l ■ s„„ 
 plies withheld : i».f,.,„„ ^IjiA 7,™*^ • Sup- 
 Scotland : dissolGtiin " '" "" """ 
 
"4 
 
 7. 
 
 i' * 
 
 8. 
 
 STUART PiiUlOD. 
 
 (15) Scottish occupation of Newcastle. I 
 
 . Milton's Early Poems : 
 
 (a) Education at Cambridire Milton '.*t, 
 and poet of the Revolutfon. ' ' ' *^^ ^P°''"^ I 
 
 (b) Puritan character of his early poems • 
 Ki) V Allegro and // Pe^iseroso, '"The mor»i 
 
 ?v:;VlS[e.'-' "" ^""^- breathes^r'Sl 
 (2) Comus, "a protest of the cultnrp,! p., •. 
 
 ,^^t,«,„f the tyra„,s: U^JrWenrwo^'^lli^ 
 Hampden and Shipmoney • 
 *"> S^;;-"'<' ^""' °f the' Exchequer: levy of Ship. 
 {h) John Hampden: 
 
 (i) Character and ability • Pure an^ i ,., 
 
 position, firmness, keen UelLlT^^^ ^'■ 
 learning, unequalled pe^suS S^"^^' "'P^ 
 sumniate judgment. P^^^^^^^^^ powers, con- 
 
 (2) Refusal of a loan asked in ifi^fi • \^ • 
 
 for protest ag«inst Char "s WJ^;/"'^"""""^^"' 
 fusal to pay IhipmoneyV 1640 ^^^'"^^^ ^"'^ ' ^^■ 
 
 ^^^»^S.^C^i^^-^"egalta.ation; 
 
 ''' aSrtret^ttl^eSce^- ^^^^-'^ -'^^ 
 The Short Parliament, 1640 (3 weeks) • 
 (^^) Refusal of supplies till grievances we;e removed 
 (/» Refusal to make war on Scotland. DissoluUo„ 
 
BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIEF. j,^ 
 
 The Long Parliament, 1640-1653 ; 1659-1660 :- 
 I, John Pym : 
 
 (a) Early Career : 
 
 ( 1 ) A Somerset squire of good family 
 
 (2) Education at Oxford; "solid acquirements 
 elegant accomplishments." ^ »remenis, 
 
 (3) Pym's domestic virtues. 
 
 (4) Pym one of the chief managers of Buckine- 
 ham's impeachment. -"ncKing 
 
 (5) Condemnation of I^aud's Romanizing intrigues 
 id) Character and Ability: Geniality, sociability 
 
 courtliness, versatility, energv. courage win: 
 power ; the subtlest of diplomats ; the grfndest of 
 popular leaders; a great adminikratof; a skilful 
 
 £ie?r'K?ngPym''V"" "^^''^ ' ^ ^^^ ^'^^ ^' 
 (c) Policy : 
 
 (1 ) In politics a friend of Constitutional Monarchy 
 
 (2) In religion a Protestant Episcopalian 
 
 (3) "The embodiment of Law and the Commons" • 
 champion of freedom in Church and State ' 
 
 (4) Leader of the Patriot Party and Chief of' the 
 Parliament. 
 
 (5) The first great wielder of public opinion. 
 
 (6) The Master of the Revolution. 
 
 (7) His Doctrine of Constitutional Proportion 
 the basis of our Constitution : " As an element 
 of constitutional life Pariiament is of hTher 
 value than the Cro^yn ; in Pariiament ittelf 
 the one essential part is the Commons. ' ' 
 
 (d) Pym in the Short Parliament : 
 
 (r ) Pym's address on abuses to be reformed " root 
 
 and branch " by Pariiament. 
 (2) Pym's objection to supply before privilege. 
 
JJ<6 
 
 t 
 
 SltTART PBRtOD. 
 
 W *ym in the long ParUament • 
 
 Scots on co-opSation P »''*°" "'"' ""^^ 
 "' PaSio'parfr'' "'■"•^'°'-- organizer of the 
 ''^ pSLeT"'"' ^«"''"°"-- petition, for 
 
 *'^ imUtatro-f ^srr"""?'' '^^o, ■■.he 
 
 revolution." ""t'OMl resentment and of 
 
 SRfgt.T;t",i^rr'->'^ House. 
 
 statute againJt"S:|^JeaS.tir'™' '"-"-• 
 
 ' ^ wS.s'e^sii-';i,°' ^™'™"-- ^-t- 
 
 ''^ SudriT"""-' <" I-ud. Execution of 
 
 ""^a^rpubU-ilbSS^ *"*'-'' Protestantisn, 
 (n) Triennial Bill ; Lii:iif r%f td i- 
 (-) Abolition of heX ch r'""°'^'''" 
 mission Court. Cou^lSf o?tr 'St?^^^ ^«- 
 
 ^'^HortfXrS^"^U'\^^«^<>P«>-n. the 
 Church or CoJrt Party t'^ ^" J^^ House 
 Hyde (Clarendon) %^i^^2^'"«.; ^^^^land ^vA 
 nientar^ Party; lelderT'V.m ""'^" °^ ^^"^-- 
 
 ^^'^I^IisS'l^Je'rty'^TS^^^^^^ '^^ ^^«^^ of 
 government of kSnd h" ^^^!?? ^^^ "ris- 
 ers appointed hTparnL.iT'^''^^''^ ^^^^^t- 
 < '-^-mment ^^^^^ament, or Responsible 
 
BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIEF. 
 
 11 
 
 ^'^ltTj?''iP°^'^i^^^ ^"'^"^^ °^the Presbyterians 
 at,(i Independents (Root and Branch Part") 
 
 (r7) hm^l lupture between King and Parliament 
 over control of the forces rari.ament 
 
 ^'''^Hon^^stT"\^^'^.' ^-^P^^^> Haselrig. 
 «piies, btrode. I^ondon's cfefiance of the 
 
 King and defence of the members. 
 
 (19) Committee of Public Safety (5 Peers 10 
 
 SeeTfX?iLSr^- '' ''' ^'^^ = "- — - 
 
 V. The Civil War, 1642 1616 :- 
 
 I. Events of 1642 : 
 
 ^'^ TdniG^neSr °^ ^^""^^-^ -"'^ ^ Essex Cap- 
 (6) Raidng of Royal or Cavalier standard at Notflng- 
 
 (r) Royal army headquarters at Shrewsbury 
 
 K) Drawn Battle at Edsehill " 
 
 ie) Occupation of Oxford by ihe Royalists. 
 
 [f) Prince Rupert's capture of Brentford 
 
 {£-) Retreat of the King to Oxford. 
 2. Events of 1643 : 
 
 (.) Fnjitless negotiations between Kin^ and Parlia- 
 («) Siege of Hull. Relief by Fairfax and Cron.well 
 
 '^' ?n?SnTiSI^^/M?,r-'">'''ef-'-tSt™tt.n 
 • (d) Successes of Prince Rupert • 
 
 (2) Retreat of Essex to Uxbridge. 
 
 (3) Riipert's capture of Bristol 
 (.)SH'e of Gloucester Relief by" Essex. 
 (/; rirst iiattle of fVewDury (indecisive) 
 
 , :'■! 
 
 
v. THE CIVIL WAR, 
 
 AND 
 
 OTHER STUART TIMES 
 
.WAR, 
 r TIMES 
 
 BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIEF. 
 
 119 
 
 ,«*"' 
 .v""' 
 
 '■'. 
 
 
 ■'■"*' c„, \ 
 
 (g-) Co-operation of Scotland with the Parliament : 
 " Adoption by the latter of the Solemn League and 
 Covenant, the Presbyterian Charier, as the con- 
 dition of obtaining an army from Scotland, and of 
 the Westminster Confession of Faith, as the basis 
 of a national faith." 
 
 (/i) Wentworth's Irish army in England at the King's 
 request. 
 
 3. Events of 1644 : 
 
 {a) Scottish army in England. 
 
 (/>) Annihilation of the Irish forces at Nantwlch by 
 Fairfax. 
 
 (c) Formation of a " Committee of the 2 Kingdoms." 
 {(/) Siege of York by Fairfax, Cromwell, and tlie 
 Scots. 
 
 (e) Royalist defeat at Harston floor. 
 
 (/) Surrender of York to the Parliament. 
 
 (i'') Royalist success over Waller and Essiix. 
 
 {/i) Royalist successes in Scotland at Tippermulr. 
 
 (i) Parliamentary victory in second Battle of New- 
 bury. 
 
 (/) Death of Pym, the King of the Conmioiis. Burial 
 in Westminster Abbey. 
 
 4 Events of 1646 : 
 
 (a) Execution of Laud. 
 
 {f>) Cromwell's New Model and Self-Denying Ordin- 
 ance. Retirement of Essex, Manchester, Waller,— 
 Sir Thos. Fairfax, Commander-in-Chief. 
 (c) Rupture between the Army and the Parliament. 
 {(/) Victory of the Parliamentary Army at Naseby. 
 
 (e) Victories of Royalist Montrose in Scotland. x)efeat 
 at Philiphaugh. 
 
 (/) Victories of Fairfax in South and West F;ngland. 
 
 {^) King's negutiatioijs with the Parliament and with 
 the Scots. 
 
 $ 
 
Huntiii^fdo, 
 
 2. 
 
 T9r> 
 
 STUART PKRIOD. 
 
 5. Events of 1646 : 
 
 (a) Siege of Oxford by the Pariiamentary Army 
 {6) Surrender of the King to the Scots at Newark. 
 
 VI. Oliver Cromwell, 1599-1658 :- 
 
 I. Early life : 
 
 (a) Parentage : His father M p for 
 1593 ; his mother a Puritan scholar 
 0) Education at Cambridge. 
 
 {c) Study of law, like Eliot, Pym and Mo, 1 
 first cousin. ^ ' '*"*^ Hampden, 
 
 (^) GenUeman farn.er representative for Hunting.y 
 {e) Cromwell's deep love of home. 
 Preparations for Civil War, 1628-1643 • 
 ^'^^gl^n^^iS^"^^'^^^'^'^^^^--^^^^ 
 (*) No Parliament, 1629-1640 : the King's Tyrannv 
 I Cromwell's refusal to pay ship-Lney 
 
 (2) Laud's persecution : Scottish resistance. 
 
 (3) General elections: Success of the Pe.mi I 
 Party or Party of Resistance lar^elv tin 7 
 tlie^aguationsof Pyn, Hampd^^f L^ni'S] 
 
 (c) Cromwell in the Long Parliament • 
 
 (1) Cromwell representative for Cambridge 
 
 (2) Cromwell's motion introducincr ♦»,„ t'- ■* 
 
 mn, ultimate,, embo„,;;'?,?Z Z „?Sq 
 
 (5) ^'romweH's first .suirirestinti nf n •!>„ i* I 
 
 army, i„ the .rai,.b';'i,L"™ H'^U™:'"""""""' 
 
BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIEF. 
 
 121 
 
 ;ntary Anny. 
 ots at Newark. 
 
 for HuntinmU 
 lar. 
 
 Pacy, preiiardl 
 Srand RemoJ 
 
 (. Civil "War : 
 (a) The parties : 
 
 (1) The aristocracy the Church, the Universities, 
 the Kin *^"^'''''^' ^^^^^°n ^^^ pleasure, for 
 
 (2) The gentry, yeomanry, trade, commerce, mor- 
 ahty and law, for the Parliament. 
 
 (d) Cromwell first Captain, then colonel, then ifen. 
 eral, then conmiander-in-chief. 
 
 (c) Cromwell member of the "Committee of the 2 
 Kingdoms, " the supreme executive for the conduct 
 01 the war, 
 
 (d) f>omwell's discipline and victory at HarAton 
 t^iTn it'l'ronJiSL'"' ^^^"^^^ °' "'^"^ ^^^^"^^^^ 
 
 {e) Sclf-Denying Ordinance and The New Model: 
 
 (1) Self-Denying Ordinance (introduced by Crom- 
 well and Vane) : No member of Parliament to 
 hold command m the army. 
 
 (2) The New Model : Complete reorganization of 
 the forces by Cromwell. 
 
 (3) A revolution in the military and civil executive. 
 The sword of the State in the hands of the 
 
 Jefomts"^'*'"** (Cromwell the chief) for radical 
 
 (4) The New Model Army, a Parliament with the 
 n.otive power of the Revolution. ' ' The savinir 
 of the cause, the utter defeat of the King, and 
 theattamment of liberty," 
 
 (/) Appointment of Cromwell as commander of the 
 
 horse, at Fairfax's request. 
 (.?■) Annihilation of the King's forces at Naseby. 
 
 1645. Cromwell the New Master of the Parlia! 
 
 ment. Surrender of the King to the Scots 
 4. Begrinnings of Modern England : 
 
 (a) The struggle in constitutional problems : 
 
 (i) Tradition v. Reusoti. 
 (3) Tyranny v. taw. 
 
 /o\ 
 
 
 People. 
 
1 1 
 
 i 
 
 t 
 I- 
 
 
 ■ |! 
 
 122 
 
 STUART PERIOD. 
 
 {b) In ecclesiastical problems : 
 , ^'^ Catholicism v. Protestantism. (2) u 
 l^J; T^'eration. (3) state ChuVcl.''^ 
 
 5. Charles and the Presbyterians : 
 
 (a) Jhe King's intrigues with the Presbv^^ri. 
 cover his authority intact ^^^^^^^yteriansl 
 
 ^*^ ?eTuif "' °^ P"""" ^""^"^ '^^ H°"«es. The 1 
 
 (0 Surrender of the King to Parliament by thes 
 6. The Army and the Parliament, 1646-1649 
 (« ) The King a prisoner at Holmby House 
 {!>) Ami of Parliament : To disb«ti/f^ 
 
 Presbyterianism control th.S-^ *^^ ^'■"'>'' ^^ 
 Scottish army """"^^^^ the King, get ridj 
 
 ^'^ guaralt^i! 'Z' uZVlf'' ^^^' -"^^" 
 ^UierPresbyteri^^^^LrS^-:j 
 
 (rf) Aim of Cromwell • To qp^,,..^ .. I 
 
 "-ntandfreed^molcoSncr^^""''^'^' 
 
 (0 Settlement of the Kingdom 
 
 2 No alteration in the civil governme„t, 
 3) Expulsion of n named members 
 (4) Iviberty of worship. 
 ■ The Army and the King ; 
 
 (a) Terms of .settlement with the King 
 
 (0 Amnesty for all except 7 Malignanls or 
 
 (2) i;arliamentary control of the forces 
 
antism. (2) Coi 
 State Church \] 
 
 le Presbyterians! 
 i Houses. The I 
 
 fliament by theS 
 , 1646-1649 
 nby House. 
 
 ind the army, esj 
 King, get rid I 
 
 in real coiistitl 
 conscience ; to] 
 311 nor the oliij 
 
 J responsible 
 ice. 
 
 nny. Charles I 
 Parlianifiit'l 
 
 m. 
 
 ?overnine»it. 
 Jtnbers. 
 
 the forces fJ 
 
 BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIEF. 123 
 
 (3) Parliamentary appointment of all officers of 
 the state. 
 
 (4) Triennial Parliaments. 
 
 (5) Electoral rights. 
 
 (6) Freedom of worship. 
 
 ('^) Jon ^'"^'^ '"^^"^^' ^^'*'^ ""^ ^^"^ ^""y "" I^«"- 
 
 (c) Yielding of Parliament to the Army. 
 
 (d) The Army-Parliament : 
 
 (1) A body of Christian citizens, of politicians 
 and zealots. A great organized political insti- 
 tution. 
 
 (2) An Army Council of its officers and 2 represent- 
 atives from each troop ; a .eal House of Com- 
 mons. 
 
 (3) Leaders : Cromwell, Fairfax, Ludlow, Ireton, 
 Fleetwood, Blake, Milton, Bradshaw. Sidney 
 Hutchinson, Monk, Wolseley, Lambert, Thur- 
 low ; the true masters of England. 
 
 (4) Assumption by the Army of the chief author- 
 ity of the state : a military dictatorship. 
 
 (f) Removal of the King to Hampton Court 
 
 ^^^ C^SWo^i'^C^aX*. ^' ^'«'«*- ^ P--- - 
 
 ^•^"^ ,!lT^'^i'?"« ^^^r^" }^^ King and the Parlia- 
 ment. His Rejection of the terms of Parliament 
 
 (A) Invasion of England by order of the Scottish 
 Pariiament. Rout of the Royalists and Scots by 
 Cromwell at Preston, 1648. ^ 
 
 *'^ EdSburgh '"''^^'°" °^ Scotland ; advance to 
 
 The King'8 Death : 
 
 (u) New Remonstrance from the Army to the Pariia- 
 ment: 
 
 (r) Election of a new Pariiiunefit. 
 
 (2) Supremacy of Parliament in all matters. 
 
 
 i I 
 
124 
 
 STUART PERIOD. 
 
 (3) Electoral reforms. 
 
 (4) Abolition of the mnnamu I 
 an elective magistracy '^' ""'"'^"^J 
 
 (5) Justice dealt out to the King 
 
 (*)Pari«„e„..saccepUaceo,theK;„g.3,, 
 
 Parliament. """^e , virtual end of 
 
 (e) Trial of the Kin? p^. .• 
 (I^ondon), Jan. 3o!^x649^"''"''"" 
 
 at 
 
 C -THE COMMONWEALTH 1049 
 
 great statesman, a thorough Vn.f- ^^"^'■^^' *^n ^4 
 master of men. "The mo^st 1 h^'''/^"'. ^ P^'-tJ I 
 
 jnagnanimous friend of freedom ?l.^ '?'"* °^ ''"' 
 hero of mighty Puritan sm'^ fin^ "^^^rnation, 
 valor, and perfection of m iitarv n?"f'??''^^^ ^'' 4 
 of the English Revolution th?..^"''''*'/^- ' ' T'iel 
 A larger soul never dweTt";, ll^Zrly''^'''''''^ 
 
 "• frf^^l^^l^' ^' ^^^ Commonwealth. 
 
 I. Dangers to the Commonwealth: 
 
 («^) Discontent, lawlessness and p^ ,• I 
 
 England : a state of r!i;- • Royalist intrJ 
 
 (e) Prince Rupert's nirlt^T"' ""^ P°''^'^l 
 Channel:^ P''*^'"^^ ^^^' "^ possessioj 
 
tOD. 
 
 >narchy; estahlis 
 cy. 
 
 he King. 
 
 of the King's ten 
 
 'urst Caatle. 
 
 orcible expulsioj 
 virtual end of 
 
 'cecution at 
 
 ^, t64g-l660. 
 
 -bility.— R,ie 
 ition, foresight \ 
 ' good ; intend 
 general, an orgj 
 -lan, a party | 
 i spirit of his 
 fie incarnation 
 surpassed in di 
 Jalities. "Xhej 
 ior of a nation sf 
 'f clay. ' ' 
 
 onwealth, 
 
 lental states. 
 Charles II asl 
 
 BRITISH HISTORY IN ERIBF. „5 
 
 "/ukon Bast/ike" or the Pr.x,oi t^ 
 
 pathetic descrintion of fi;? « ^^^ Image: "A 
 
 cluin of the Ki"| °"°^ ^^^ sufferings and nmrtyr- 
 
 council of State instead of a Parliament : 
 
 Abolition of the Lords and of the Monarchy 
 41 members of the Army as an " T?^«o„f; i^ 
 
 Plans of the Council : 
 
 (r) Dissolution, of the Rump Parliament 
 
 (2) Biennial Parliaments. 
 
 (3) Redistdbution of seats ; 400 members. 
 
 (4) Legal reforms. 
 
 (5) Enforcement of the Self-Denying Ordinance 
 ) England declared a Commonwealth of FrleTT 
 
 without King or House of I.o7dsri649. ^'''"' 
 
 iwell in Ireland, 1649-50 • - 
 
 te ruf rs' ofif!-^ ; pu.,|sh,„e„. 
 
 Use of Protestara1?e"daScy " ' "^'"°™"<- ""'1 
 i'Sbi?™?';?,," "^ O™™"- »^f-. of Orn,o„<l 
 
 t"3s'^'r^l- ^^P'- "f Wexford. Co„. 
 [fee's victory in the Channel over Rupert 
 
 Itletnent of Ireland, 1*652-1659 • 
 
 L I 
 
3- 
 4. 
 
 126 
 
 STUART PERIOD. 
 
 !^^ Cromwellian confiscations. 
 
 («j Re-organization of ;rovernnieni-r.f T i , i 
 
 7. I^udlow and Ireton left in Ireland Jo illnta'T 3 
 
 Cromwell in Scotland. 1660-1651 •- 
 
 '■ Char'"'-' ''^''"'^ '°"^^^^ Edinburgh. 
 Charles' signature to the Covenant 
 
 Cromwell's victory at Dunhfli- 'ia- 
 Edinburgh. ^ "unbar, 1650. Surrendi 
 
 5. Coronation of Charles at Scone, ,65,. 
 
 6. Cromwell's advance into Perth 
 
 '• 'Stirof ^o"?Se^ l^,^-^--. Cromwell's p. 
 France. '^**'*^«**««-» '651. Flight of CharlJ 
 
 V. Dutch War, 1661-1663 :- 
 
 . R \-f. "^ ' '"^"^^^ °f P^^itical union 
 
 2. Hostilities with the Dutch, 1652 : 1 
 
 (<i) Blake's victories • Th tu^ c* 1^ - I 
 
 Downs. ^" ^^^ ^^""8 of Dover, i„| 
 
 (^) Blake's defeat in the Thames 
 
 ic) Blake's decisive Channel victories. 
 
 VI Puritan Constituent Convention ,.. » 
 Parliament '). 1653 rT*'''®'****^ < ' Bare 
 
 ^': F^rlt^Tp^JLC of^tfi ^^P--*^^-e Parliamen, 
 ^653. Tn'|S;dtiSo^t\TaS^^^^^^ Cro. 
 
BRITISH HISTORY IN BRISK. 127 
 
 [Nomination by the Army of a new Council of State 8 
 I officers, 4 civilians ; Cromwell its head. 
 
 ' alStyTrom^^^^^^^^^ ^' ^^°' ^^^^^^^ '^^ ^^- P-P^e, 
 
 [Resignation of the Council and Cromwell to the Con- 
 I vention. ^ v-un- 
 
 The Convention's proposed sweeping reforms in law 
 I the prisons, finance, taxation, the^ church, the cMJ 
 
 service, the army, in Ireland and in Scotland. 
 JAppointment of a new Council of State. 
 JDissentions in the Convention. Dissolution. 
 
 The Instrument of Government, 1653 :— 
 
 Prifind^^^ *^^- ^"""^^^^ ^°^ *^« government of 
 ■ P^r^imltaVRXi^'r^ Constitution, a measure of 
 
 ^'^ fcrnd?orSta"tr"'= an Elective Protector and 
 
 (A) Powers of legislation and taxation vested in Parlia- 
 ment alone ; Protector's veto. 
 
 (c) Orders-in-Council by Protector and Council during 
 recess of Parliament. ^uimg 
 
 (^/) Union Triennial Parliaments: 400 English ^o 
 Scottish, 30 Irish representatives ^"g^^«^' 3o 
 
 le) Representation on the basis of population; transfer 
 of franchise from rotten boroughs to towns and 
 
 (/) Property qualification of voters. 
 
 Definition of the Protector's powers : 
 (a) Administrative check : a Council of 15. 
 {f>) Political check : a Parliament. 
 (c) The Protector head of the army and navy. 
 Appointment of Cromwell as Protector. 
 
128 
 
 STUART PBRiOD. 
 
 ^^ ttentw WfiVf-? ^^"""istration tm the P. 
 
 Public Order. EJclucatioT^ax^'t^^"'^' Mce Svste,] 
 
 4- me Protector's i^overnmptif ♦», I 
 
 rope. ^ vernment the most powerful in hJ 
 
 IX l^>st Protectorate Parliament 1664 
 
 I- Exclusion of Roman r.»i, ■• ""< ••"o* :- 
 
 =>• Discussion of Hril?*"'? ""'' Royalists. 
 
 -aPariia^eiUrSr"' '" -"'= ">« govern., 
 .D.sc„..ons of Kefo.. in .e,a„,in ,,,„,,,„ 
 
 ^•"=!o-^S,o'^.;.ce. ,_, 
 
 nation-:- ''°°'^' ^^*"^ff and settling the 
 (a) Ecclesiastical reforms • rho I 
 
 University reforms ' ^^^"^^^^ Court refonmf 
 
 Welsh borders '^ ^'''"^^ '" ^evon and on the 
 («) Division of the rnnHf^ • . 
 
 «n'IerMajo*aene«}l^ '""' " *"«""^ DbtriC 
 W Censorship of the press. 
 
 (?)RSrr„retX"rf^'^'-"*- 
 
 "-d tSe Jews. °" ' P^'^tion to the Quake,. 
 
 |n. Cromi 
 
 I'repar 
 
 War of 
 
 (a) V 
 i< 
 
 (6) O 
 
 ic) Cr 
 
 Fi 
 
 Death o 
 Abbey 
 
 3 
 
ion till the Pa 
 
 ith Reforms of ttl 
 
 fy, Police Sv.stemJ 
 
 Ireland, Scotland! 
 
 ance or comniej 
 
 ?hlands. PoiiticJ 
 
 : powerful in hJ 
 
 1664:- 
 
 J'alists. 
 the governmenij 
 
 reland, in foreign! 
 
 ■• Quarrel witlil 
 
 BRITISH HISTOKV m BRiKP. 
 
 66:- 
 
 d settling the] 
 
 Court reforms, 
 
 T29 
 Government abroad :— 
 
 («) Treaties with Holland, Denmark q«, i 
 
 (^) Dunkirk, the price of ""'!:'^"' ^^^^^-'- I^-'-t^.^al. 
 
 ^ ^ France aiainst^Spain "' "^"^'^'^'^ ^^"'-^- with 
 
 (^) Overthrow of the Barbary pirates. 
 
 (West incfies)! ^65 7 ^^''''^' ^^^^ ^^ ^anta Cruz 
 (^) Failure of Croniwf^ll'o TVT ..1. 
 
 and Denmark. aisputei between Sweden 
 
 Second Protectorate Parliament, lese-iesa- 
 
 1. Its composition ■ %6r. „,. ■. ">i>o.i658:_ 
 efeclion^ of Scottis^^and Ah me,,,, •^l'Po'"tn,ent, not 
 
 2. utter of the Kingslnp t„ Cromwell. 
 
 3. Inuuguration of Cromwsll -or . „ 
 to nominate a sncS. an^, ^;°'^1 P"'-'". with p„w,, 
 
 ' «""<e's capture of a second SpTnS^nU """ """*■ 
 5. Failure of Cromwell 'satternt/f f 
 
 ^. Oiscnssion, dissln ou leS ^ 'Z p ""--"--I- 
 solution. ' y '" t"e Parhameiit. Dis- 
 
 la Cromwell Agrain Sole Administrator less 
 
 I ' '■■•eparattons for a Royalist nprisi„g ' '^^^ ' - 
 
 '■ """■ "f ''™"<='^ ™d England with Spain • 
 
 («) Victory of the allies i„ .he Batt.e'of „„ Ounes. ' 
 
 («) Cession of Dunkirk to England 
 
 (.)Cro,„wen.sWnnder in assisting the a,n.i.io„s of 
 V Death of Prorp •••<:.' 1 ^ 
 
 Abbey." ^'^^^^--^' --P- 3, 1658. Burial in Westminster 
 
 
 IS- 
 
STUART PERIOD. 
 
 i 
 
 130 
 
 XIII. Summary of Results of the Pr„*„ . I 
 
 '■ The enforcement „f 1, , "' '™*®«"»'-ate I 
 
 tl'eordinan^eTofrlllgro,." ■■• '"''''"• ■""-«',... 
 
 3. Abolition of abuse nffini ^ . '■ 
 
 versity reform. ^ "^^ national education • u!,| 
 
 ; ^sz^"^-^,^-^^^. c,n.„; J 
 
 6- Cromwell, the father of » " /^"S'lua s national I, J 
 Blake, the father'llf^he^r'na™! Scs ."''™' ^-'"4 
 (.) Beginning of Bngland.. maritime and transn,„„, 
 
 (^) Blake's victories : control r.f'i- ^ 
 (^) Cromwell's use o e'u A ^^^^^"^-"^ by flee^ 
 power with Franc.^Sn^ ^, ^'^^'^ ^ ^^1^"*-'^' 
 
 7. Invincible prowess of EnM .'' ''' ^''^'- i 
 
 the first time, a nation of thefi'str^'^if- ^"^^^"^'^ ^ 
 
 8. Cromwell's nlanc «f . '^^"^- 
 
 ba.a„ce''„f fcf „VcreL^:nrA" ^"8- "' » »- 
 '-) Cromwell, th;s„cX°' "''''?■''' ^'"^ce: 
 
 and goveruminr ' ''■'''^''™' °f "-ade, religj 
 {*) Colonists' freedom f, 
 
 oppression of Home oSs'''''""^''^' ""»'«anc 
 
12. 
 
 URITlSir HISTORY IN BRIEF. 
 
 (*) Crouiwell a dictator 
 Superstitious and intolerant festrictions. 
 
 131 
 
 pV. Pall of the Protectorate. 1659-1660 - 
 
 I. Richard Cromwell, Protector for 10 months • 
 
 ia) Attacks in Parliament on the iSe Prot" . - 
 
 Admmistration. Protector's 
 
 (*) Petitions from tht- Arm,, f^ 
 
 against desi J?,s unon^t^,// P^^^^^'t of arrears, 
 
 cause." and^for^t ; c ssotnH ^ ^"'J "i" ^""^^ "'^ 
 
 Dissol^^on of the ^l^^S^^^rSL^^^^- 
 
 (0 The^Armys restoration of the Long Parliament. 
 
 (d) Resignation of Richard Cromwell as Protector 
 2. Restoration of Charles II • 
 
 [^? ES:n':f'fc' ^'^^^^^"^^ nsing in Cheshire. 
 
 meni V/p,",3frr^^^^^^ -f Safety by the Parlia- 
 (^) and restL'tioHf L;^^^^^^^^^^^^ 
 
 Army, • ^°"S Parlmment by the 
 
 (<i) Monk's march from Scotlan.1 • j i .• 
 
 free Parliament. '"^°'"M . declaration for a 
 
 M y^untary dissolution of the Long Par.ian.ent, 
 (/) New Parliament of Royalists and Presbyterians ■ 
 
 (.) Charts. Oeclaration fj^"^^ "^f^l^t 
 
 (a) A general pardon to rebels 
 
 (0) Religious toleration. 
 
 ic) Payment of arrears to the Army 
 
 {d) Restoration bv Parliament of - a 
 
 estates. ' "^ °* confiscated 
 
 (^) I^anding of Charles at Dover. May. ,66o. 
 
132 
 
 STUART PERIOD. 
 
 XV. Milton and the Pall of Puritanism :- 
 
 1. Milton, the Puritait Poet, the last of the Klizabetha.is 
 
 2. Milton's i)amphlets during the Revolution. Pleis f,J 
 
 freedom in state, religion, social life, and for libertv 
 the press. 
 
 3. Two great representative Puritan works : 
 
 (a) Bunyan's '' Pilgnm's Progress ^ a Puritan all J 
 
 ory. '1 
 
 (*) Milton's " Paradise Lostr the Epic of PuritaJ 
 isn, the problem of sin and redemption, the striij 
 gle for justice and law. the war of good and evil ' 
 4- Milton, Latin Secretary to Cromwell. 
 
 5. '' Defence 0/ the English Peopled Milton's justificatJ 
 
 or tue King's execution. ^ 
 
 6. Milton's Restoration reverses : Imprisonment, persomi 
 
 losses, blindness. ' t", ''''"^' 
 
 Influence of Puritanism : 
 {a) vSeriousness, earnestne.ss, solidity, independuicel 
 purity of Rnglish social life. English Eti; 
 English politics. ■ 
 
 {b) Loveof Protestantism and of freedom. 
 {c) Revolution on behalf of civil and religious lihertv 
 continued in the Revolution of 1688. 
 
 (''^ Rm •^i^'V-? ^'"'^'^'''''^ > continued by the Wesleys ;,„i 
 Whitneld. "^' ' 
 
 {r) Growth of sense of law, order, justice. 
 (/) vSuperstitious restrictions. 
 
 7- 
 
 III. Rev4 
 
 1. Rel 
 
 2. The 
 
 3. The 
 
 IV. The 
 
 A.— In 
 1. 
 
 D.-CHARLE8 11.-1060-1686 
 
 I. Modem Engrland :— 
 
 I. England before 1660 : 
 
 {a) Theological influence of the Reformation 
 (f>) Monarchical influence of tlie New Monarchy 
 (r) Feudal isinuciicc o." the Middle Ages. 
 ((/) Traditional influence of custom. 
 
BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIKF. 
 
 133 
 
 aism :— 
 
 e Klizabethaiis 
 lution. Pleas f,i 
 and for liberty < 
 
 I : 
 
 a Puritan ullj 
 
 Epic of PuritanJ 
 nption, the stnij;| 
 P good and l vil 
 
 , indepentkiicfj 
 glish literature! 
 
 lom. 
 
 eligious lihcrtvi 
 18. 
 
 luution. 
 Monarchy. 
 
 2. England since 1660 : 
 
 (rt) Pure reason in religion, learning, ix)litics. 
 
 {d) Growing influence of public opinion. 
 
 (c) Popular love of freedom and the law ; justice, 
 social equality. 
 
 {(i) Growth of industries and of science. , 
 
 [11. The Puritan Ideal :— 
 
 1. Of the State: "The visible Kingdom of God; the 
 vsocial and political instrument of the Church." 
 
 2. Of the Chiirch : "The moral and religious instrument 
 of the vState." 
 
 3. Of the Parliament : Godly rulers to enforce God's laws. 
 
 4. Of the Citizen in dre.ss, speech, manners, customs 
 amusements. ' 
 
 5. Results to England (see XIII al)ove). 
 
 III. Revolt of the Restoration ; shown in 
 
 1. Religion : Godliness a byword and scorn. 
 
 2. The Court : Drunkenness, debauchery, foulne.ss, crime. 
 
 3. The Stage : Coarseness, impurity, brutality. 
 
 IV. The Agre of Research :— 
 
 A.— In Physicai, Science : 
 
 I. Francis Bacon, 1561-1626 : 
 
 (a) Nephew of Lord Burleigh ; Member of Kli/.a- 
 bethan Council at 23. 
 
 (d) Bacon's Essays : 
 
 (i) Character : "Novelty, condensation of 
 thought, fclieity and exactness of expres- 
 sion, knowledge of human life." 
 
 (2) vSubjects : "Reform and codification of 
 the law, civilization in Ireland, purinca- 
 tion of the church, educational projects 
 union of England and Scotland, social 
 and puliticHl iniprovenjeulH." 
 
 IP 
 
134 
 
 )l J ^ 
 
 i m 
 
 Council; jjul ^^110?^ B^Xver, 1''" 
 Viscount St. Albans ■'*«ron VerulaniJ 
 
 (d) Disgraceful career as Chancellor • , 
 
 (2) Execution of Raleigh. 
 
 (3) Sacrifice of the Palatinate. l 
 
 (4) Exaction of benevolpnr>«I . 
 
 of monopolies ^^^^ ' niaintenance | 
 
 (5) Coercion of the inrlo-po f^ t. , , 
 King's absoludsm^^ '"^ "P'^"^'^ '^^^ 
 
 (e) Impeachment and disqualification of Bacon, 
 
 (/) Intellectual activity 1622-1626 : 
 
 (i) ' '/»''!^(tura^w Ma/r„a'' inchidincr " a/^- 
 ''Natural '/p''V''^*^^"^''^^-^^*^i"r 
 
 ejtpenmcnt, comparison "'^^^"»'""»i 
 
 ''wo^n°''dilc^eri*e^^ -1-bra.ed n.embers and „,„... 
 
 '"* ^^^yT^rJ^^^'^y ■■ «-'N,.io„„,o^s.,. 
 
 [O ilooke: Micrcscope 
 
 ''"?a«r^"-P"'"P' ""-""" " Rxp„i,„e,„„ 
 
 (c) Wilkina : J'hilology. 
 
 (/) Sydenham : Medical Science 
 
 (A'^) Willis: Physiology. 
 
 (/') Woodward: Miiieralogy. 
 
 (0 aa> : Zoology and Botany. 
 
BRITISH HISTORY lU SRIKF. 
 
 135 
 
 imes I, Solicitor! 
 
 Keeper in I'rivvf 
 
 Baron Verulainl 
 
 lor: 
 
 e in corruption! 
 
 ' ; maintenance | 
 to uphold the I 
 tion of Bacon, 
 
 'ofLcamiug^ 
 (I I Science S' 
 Zanitm'' : Th< 
 nee ; introduc- 
 Investigation, 
 
 bers and nott- 
 ational Obser- 
 isni. 
 
 Rxperiniental 
 
 {j) Morrison : Botany. 
 
 ik) Sir Isaac Newton : Physics, optics, gravita- 
 tion. " Pf'incipia,'' new theory of the uni- 
 verse. 
 
 B._lN Religious Opinions : 
 I. The Latitudinarians : 
 
 (a) Doctrines: Faith, reason, private judg- 
 ment, not tradition, dogmas, creeds. 
 
 (b) Jeremy Taylor, the most brilliant of 
 English preachers pleaded : 
 
 (i) Reason in interpreting the Bible. 
 
 (2) Tolerance amongst religious sects. 
 
 (3) Fallibility of the Pope. 
 
 (4) Righteousness of living rather than 
 correctness of opinion. 
 
 {c) Other famous theologians: Bishops Burnet, 
 Butler; Tillotson. 
 C._lN Political Philosophy : 
 
 I. Thos. Hobbes : 
 
 («) Tutor of Charles II on the continent. 
 Defence of "Divine Right." 
 '^ Lcviaihan," the maHer, form, and 
 power of the Commonwealth ; an offttice 
 to Charles. Esca{>e of Hobbes to England. 
 
 {h) 
 
 (0 
 
 I' T. 
 
 Hobbism " a synonym for immorality, 
 irreligion, selfishness. 
 Hobbes's slavi.shness tc royalty at tlie 
 Restoration. 
 ie) Doctrines: Education and enlightenment 
 the prevention of tyranny ; the origni of 
 all iwwer in the people ; the end of all 
 power for the people's gootl. 
 
 John Locke : 
 
 («) " Essay on thr Human I'ndersiatidiiig " ; 
 the right of subjects to resist tyranny. 
 
 
m 
 
 ■'* : .; :i ■ 
 
 STUART PISRIOD. 
 
 i. 
 
 A- 
 
 V. The Restoration - 
 
 -ngrateful, faUhle« „„;nr,ri"'P"'-"'=,'J' '■•«clie3 
 
 vile ; ■• fndifferenuo rweffarof'p "'?"':,*■«"'" 
 llshmen. " wenare ol England or Eij 
 
 5- Policy of Charles II- "T„ i,. , . 1 
 
 plenty of money without ar?^,Tf."' °"" "V, to J 
 ... .0 further the^ RotJl^'SoTc'-rl^^^^"™- H 
 
 '*' &/o?i„VS." ■ ^"^ '"' <" '-- XIV ; 4 
 
 VI, Clarendon, 1660 :- 
 
 ;• ^«>"'''«\-^'^ Churchman. I^ord Chancellor 
 2. Persecution of tlie Covenanters : 
 
 («) Restoration of a sens rnt» T> i- I 
 
 ('') Restoration of theTshl "■"" '"' "'""""i 
 
 (^) Persecutions under ^har^. t , , 
 •^ Claverhouse. and James, PDukTorv'^ ^'■"'^«"' 1 
 3. Opposition to Royal Bill Jlf . ^'''^' 
 
 m the Crown ^ '"' ''^'^'"^ ^he dispensing powej 
 
 ' 'Sh^o^S' '''^^^"'^^» -^ ^-'--e-t over the J 
 
 5. Charges against Clarendon • " b„; • 
 
 a standing army. advisZ'the vf "^ contributions fo 
 ment ; corruptfo^, ; JaHf Du^k^r? " ^^''"^^^^ ^"'•'H 
 missal and exile of Clarendon n.''-^''^"^^-'' ^^^ 
 
 6. Clarendon is nn .'r'f'^*'"''^"- I^eath m exile. 
 
BRITISH HISTORY ,N BRIEF. 
 
 -lit for ScotlanJ 
 
 137 
 
 [' iJi^Se^tSn?*!^"^' *««<» (^^^ Parliament before and at 
 I. Its measures ■ 
 
 '■ ''stat?"! ■Ve?„''',4\^,S' ''■^ «-' Office, of 
 
 •■ Restoration of Bishons tr. tl,« ti' 
 
 I-onnal denunciatiZf the L^"" .''""''• 
 Measures against Non Co 'fn T' "'"' Covenant. 
 f") Corpora i„„Act^''M^^"°'- »i'-'«^'"ers :_ 
 
 AngLan""o„,m„Vio'^rd?o ""'"'•' '» '"""-■ "-e 
 eaant." ""°" ™<1 to renounce tlie "Cov- 
 
 («) Act of Uniformity: cier»„ » 
 
 '^' ^?esr"'' "»-" <=•"■<>"": renishment of 
 
 "' ^ereri','«,;^«irro.,hiti„„ of worship in con- 
 
 (e) Pive-nile Act- " Pr#^ *• 
 
 isters from teaching i,rsd'nU°^ 'lissentinp niin- 
 5 miles of a town." '^ °'" '^""""M within 
 
 ^•^^ F?,-^*' ^""^ • ^'^^«"'-*-' 1« -preH.n the - • . - 
 ■riicnds. -i^ics.. ine oocict} of 
 
 ii 
 
I3« 
 
 STUART PERtOfi. 
 
 If.. 
 
 IX. John Bunyan :— 
 
 1. Career : 
 
 [a) At 17 in the ranks of the New Model. 
 
 (d) A Baptist preacher in Bedford. 
 
 {c) In Bedford jail 11 years for preaching in unlicen 
 conventicles. 
 
 2. Chief works: ''Pilgrim's Progress, '^ "Grace Ahoui 
 
 ing,'' ''Holy City.'' 
 
 3. Estimate of " Pilgrim's Progress": 
 
 {a) The simplest and homeliest English. BihH 
 imagery, pictures, phraseology. 
 
 {h) " In its range, directness, simple grace, easy 
 ogue, simple pathos, passionate earnestness, cU 
 like yet delicate fancy, ]>layful humor, ' 
 character painting, sunny kindliness, it is an 
 the noblest of English works." 
 
 (r) The most popular and most widely known ofl 
 English books. " It has shaped the character [ 
 destiny of a nation." 
 
 X. War with Holland, 1664-1678 :- 
 
 1 . Causes : 
 
 {a) Quarrels between the Dutch and English 
 chants in Africa, in Pvast and V est Indies. 
 
 {()) Loss of Holland's carrying-trade and niani 
 supremacy. 
 
 {c) Commercial jealousy. 
 
 {(i) Ambition of the English Admiral, the DukJ 
 York. 
 
 {e) Insults to Charles II when an exile in Hollamij 
 
 2. Engagements, etc., 1664; 
 
 {a) English victory off Lowestoft. 
 
 {b) Indecisive battle off North Foreland. 
 
 {c) Engli.sh victory in the Channel. 
 
 (</) Dutch victory iti the Thamea. I 
 
 (<•) Cession of New Amsterdam (New York 1 to 
 
 Charles 1 
 
 Aims of I 
 («) Toe 
 {b) To c 
 {c) Tor 
 {d) To n 
 
 Charles II 
 
 Secret Tr( 
 1678. 
 
 Triple A] 
 
 Louis* atta 
 to Englai 
 . The Triple 
 lington : 
 
 ('0 Engli 
 tant 
 Franc 
 
 Um\H force 
 
Hodel. 
 
 ching in imliceo] 
 " ''Grace AkA 
 
 English. 
 
 Biba 
 
 e grace, easy i 
 I earnestness, clij 
 yful humor, 
 liness, it is an 
 
 idely known ofl 
 d the character f 
 
 and English 
 est Indies, 
 ade and manl 
 
 liral, the Di.kj 
 cile in HollandJ 
 
 ■eland. 
 
 !^ew York ti) 
 
 BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIKF. 
 
 ■ 
 
 J3. Paralysis of England • 
 
 (.) «--t Plague In London. .665 loss of .00.000 
 ,t) Great Fire In London. .666 : loss of 13.000 h„iid- 
 
 \ ''"'' Oa^ndo^"^^^ «^"^"^- ^^7. Banishment of 
 5. Renewal of the War in alliance with France. 1672.1678 • 
 I («) Hero, defence by Wm. of Orange. RetreL of the 
 {b) Treaty of Nlmeguen. I678: 
 
 (I) Louis' peace with Holland and Spain. 
 
 k Chariirth '''" ^.^""'^^ Netherlands to France. 
 (3; Charles the pensioner of Louis. 
 
 I Charles II and Prance :— 
 
 Aims of Louis XIV : 
 
 (rt) To dominate Europe. 
 
 W To champion Catholicism and Despotism 
 
 To rob Spain of the Low Countries. 
 
 [d) To make Charles II his tool 
 Charles IFs sale of Dunkirk to Louis for /-400 000 
 Secret Treaty of Dover 1670 Tro.f % x^ 
 
 1678. ' "°- Treaty of Nmieguen, 
 
 I Triple Alliance . 1 667 : - 
 
 "l^inpl "' '''' ^^therlands. 1667. Dutch Appeal 
 •'ling^;^^!'^"""^^' ^"^ '"^ Si. Wm. Temple and Ar- 
 
 ^'^ t!"fTetll°"r^i,f"^^^^^ Cromwell's rrotes. ^ 
 i. Hus forced to the Peace of Alx-la-ChapelleV^dS.^ 
 
Ill > 
 
 1 \ 
 
 140 ' STUART PERIOD. 
 
 4. Louis' plans of revenge : 
 
 (a) To isolate the United Provinces of the Netherla 
 (d) To secure the neutrality of the Empire. 
 
 (c) To bribe Charles II. 
 
 (d) To break the Triple Alliance. 
 
 XIII. Secret Treaty of Dover, 1870 : Terms :— 
 
 1. Louis to pay Charles II ;^30o,ooo a year. 
 
 2. England and France to declare war against HolIaiKj 
 
 3. Charles to support Louis in his Spanish Si:cce 
 
 claims. 
 
 4. Charles to declare himself a Catholic, and to ra 
 
 Catholicism in England. 
 
 XIV The Cabal Ministry, 1668-1673 :— 
 
 '. First Cabinet Council or select Committee of the 
 Council. 
 
 Members of the Cabal : Clifford, Arlington, Ruca 
 ham, Ashley, Lauderdale. 
 
 2. 
 
 3. Secret Treaty of Dover: the work of the " Call 
 
 Four," Chf ties, James, Clifford, Arlington. 
 
 4. Closing of the Exchequer or Treasury, 167 1 : Ref„ 
 
 the King to pay more than the interest on loans 
 the goldsmiths and merchants of London. Begi 
 of England's National Debt. 
 
 5. War with Holland, 1672 (see X). 
 
 6. Ashley Cooper, Earl of Shaftesbury, Lord Chaiicell 
 
 7. Rise of the Country Party : origin of che Whig Pa 
 
 8. Test Act 1673: "State officials to take oa. 
 
 allegiance and supremacy, to declare against R 
 Catholicism, and to receive the Anglican comtmini 
 Resignation of James (as Lord High Admiral), Ai 
 ton. Clifford. 
 
 [J, Policy : 
 
 (a) Re] 
 of ' 
 
 id) Opi 
 Yo] 
 
 (c) Suj 
 
 (d) Lea 
 
 [4. Dismiss 
 
 Is. Shaftesl 
 try Pai 
 sition : 
 
 (a) Pop 
 pan 
 
 (b) "Bi 
 forf 
 sitic 
 Fail 
 
 6. Adminis 
 OsboriK 
 
 [a) Dan 
 (I) ) 
 
 
BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIKP. 
 
 MI 
 
 lolic, and to rei 
 
 \rlington, BiicH 
 
 r. Shaftesbury :— 
 
 Early Career : 
 (a) Member of the Short Parliament at i8. 
 (5) CromwelHau member of the Council of State 
 (cy In disgrace with Cromwell. Intrigues for the 
 Restoration of Charles II. 
 
 id) Member of the Cabal. Chancellor and Earl of 
 Shaftesbury. 
 
 1 2. Character and Ability : Business qualities ; courtier 
 
 debauchee, deist. ""xtici, 
 
 1 3. Policy : 
 
 (a) Representative of the Non-Conformist Party and 
 of Toleration in the Council. 
 
 (b) Opposition to the succession of James, Duke of 
 
 (c) Support of the Dutch War : duped by the King. 
 
 (d) Leader of the Anti-war party in the Commons. 
 
 1 4. Dismissal from tho Council ; Danhy his successor. 
 
 5. Shaftesbury as Organizer and Leader of the Coun- 
 !i\foif ^^ ^^'"^ ^""'^ ^^^^"""^ ""^ '' Parliamentary Oppu- 
 
 {a) Popish plots : designs of Shaftesbury to raise i 
 panic against Catholics. ^ 
 
 ^^^ '' B"! o/.Protestant Securities " : a royal prince to 
 torfeit Ins crown on marrying a Catholic. Oppo- 
 sition of the Cavalier Church Party uuder Daiby. 
 Failure of the Bill. -^ 
 
 6. 
 
 {a) Danby's policy : 
 
 (l) Strong adherence to the Church ; hatred of 
 Papists and Dissenters. Revival of the Test 
 W '^'^^' ^'ducatiou 01 Fiiuv.ess 
 
 Mary as a Protestant. Union of Church and 
 Crown. 
 
142 
 
 \il 
 
 (c) 
 
 STUAKT PERIOD. 
 
 ^""^ H^.^^'S-l" " °^ ^°>'*^ P^-erogatives ; the dupel 
 the King in matters with France. SJ 
 bribery in politics. ^^^ 
 
 Treaty of Ninieguen at close of Dutch War i6 
 
 (rf) The Pooish Plot (Titus Gates) to kill the kJ 
 and set up a Catholic government by the aM 
 Hou"s2rx?oyelf"^'*^"°^ CatholicV^ro:? 
 
 ie) Shaftesbury's aims : 
 
 ^'^ tlietunty" °' ''^^"^"""^ -'^ ^ ^PP-'I 
 
 (2) Exclusion of James from the throne. 
 
 (3) The raising of a panic against Catholics 
 
 ^'' sSbf rhtoS:. '"p"^^^^ °^ ^^-^- 
 
 (5) Impeachment of Danby for high treason. 
 
 (/) The Country Party in power. Impeachment, 
 
 Danby : 5 years in the Tower. P^^cnment ] 
 
 7. Shaftesbury, President of the Council, 1679-168 
 (a) Sir Wm. Temple, Secretary of State. | 
 
 ^^^ Hhi'r!"* ^^'I^P"* .^*'*' '^79 (Security of En.li 
 liberty ; continuation of Magna Charta) • ^ 
 
 (1) Provision against illegal arrest, undue detel 
 • o^pSr ^^^'°"^ '"^'' and tranlroq 
 
 (2) Jailer's warrant for the detention of a prisonJ 
 
 ^'^ cSn'olencel ^^""^^'^ '^^^^""^ ^ '-'« 
 (4) Application ot the Act to the Colonies. 
 (c) Shaftesbury's Succession Plan : Monmouth t 
 
 :i^riKirr^L5?J:^i-/-tead of j^S^ 
 
 Cou„cYl,~r682. ^'^"'°*^ "" onailesbury from 
 
10. 
 
 BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIEF. , ,, 
 
 Petitioners and abhorrers : For and aL^ainst the Fx 
 elusion Bill or Country Party v. Court ptrty 
 
 Oxford Parliament, 1681 : 
 (a) The King's plea of London's disloyalty 
 
 (*) Refusal of supplies. Dissolution. The KiiurN ap- 
 peal to the nation on " Exclusion. " ^ 
 
 Shaftesbury'^ last days : 
 
 {a) New Royalist Parliament : Shaftesbury charL^ed 
 with high treason for plotting with Monmouth ^^ 
 
 ''' nXnt 'Srn%^-^P'^ ^' «^-^-^'>-V to 
 
 Royal Triumphs :— 
 
 2. Flight of Monmouth to Holland. 
 j 3. Declaration of " Passive OI)edience " 
 
 Y ""plrlfameT"^' ''''' °" ^^^"'^^ ^ '"-f"-! to summon 
 5. Charter deprivals in towns and cities • 
 
 Y ^'^^^'t^^.t''^''"' '"'''' "^^^^••^^•«» "f Catholicism at 
 
 fJeiff?^?**'"®"*^''^ Triumphs in Charles lis 
 
 ''^?stice/^'"^"''"''= ^«"«titutional taxation; open 
 1 2. Greater freedom of the press ; Habeas Corpus Act. 
 
 E.— JAMES 11.1686-1688. 
 Character Of the King: : Obstinate, imperious imoetu 
 
 j*«oj»wo xt,cvuii> xa cue i^orth : 
 
 1 1. Defeat in Dumbartonshire. Execution in Edinburgh. 
 
 •i : 
 
144 
 
 1^, 
 
 I i 
 
 
 ^» 
 
 
 *'i 
 
 1- 
 
 
 i,r 
 
 m 
 
 if 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 STUART PERIOD. 
 
 III. Monmouth's Rebellion:— 
 
 1. Monmouth's defeat at Sedgmoor, 1685. Execution 
 
 2. The Bloody Assize Court : Butchery of the rehd. 
 
 Judge Jeffreys and Co). Percy Kirke. 
 
 3. James II's standing army raised to 20,000. 
 
 IV. Louis XIV's Revocation of the Edict of Nanto 
 
 or Protestant Freedom of Worship, 1685 ; 
 
 1. Massacre of the Huguenots. Flight of 2oo,(xx) 
 
 England, Holland, Germany, Switzerland. Beginniii 
 of the silk trade in England. 
 
 2. James in the pay of Louis. 
 
 V. The Tyranny : the King's two-fold design :~ 
 I. The Restoration of Catholicism ; 
 
 (a) Dismissal of Protestant Judges. 
 
 (d) Restoration of Catholic worship and Catliol 
 clergy. 
 
 (c) Encouragement to the Jesuits. Reception of til 
 Papal Legate. 
 
 (d) Removal of penalties against Catholics. 
 
 (e) Appointment of Catholic army officers Catliu'i 
 in the Universities, Catholic Advisers. ' 
 
 (/) Restoration of the High Conmiission Court. 
 
 (if) Declaration of Indulgence : Freedom of worsliiii 
 Dissenters. ' 
 
 (/i) Dismissal of Halifax for refusing to consent 
 repeal of the Test Act. 
 
 (i) Peroecution of the Scottish Covenanters. 
 (J) Persecution of the Protestants in Ireland. 
 (X:) Introduction into England of an Irish Catho 
 army to coerce England. 
 
 (/) Trial of the 7 Bishops for nQn-co!ni)lianr!- 
 Declaration of Indulgence. 
 
 (*) < 
 
 (c) I 
 
 2. Louis 
 
 (a) « 
 1 
 ] 
 
BRITISH HISTORY IN nuiKF. 
 
 145 
 
 is. Execution, 
 Y of the rebels 1 
 
 000. 
 
 diet of Nantel 
 ship, 1685- 
 
 it of 200, rxx) 
 ■land. Begiiiiiitj 
 
 sign :— 
 
 ip and Catholl 
 Reception of tlj 
 
 lolics. 
 
 )ffict'r.s, Catliolij 
 sers, 
 
 ion Court. 
 
 om of worship! 
 
 g to con.seiit 
 
 anters. 
 
 reland. 
 
 n Irish Catliol 
 
 coniph'anrc \4 
 
 2. The Attainment of Despotic Power : 
 
 {a) Prevention of the free assembly of Parliament. 
 
 (/>) Dismissal of State officers. 
 
 (c) Violation of English laws and liberties. 
 
 {d) Interference with judges and juries. 
 
 {e) Illegal fines and punishments. 
 
 (/) Invasion of the people's franchise and freedom of 
 election. 
 
 (^) Punishment of subjects for petitioning the Crown. 
 
 {h) Maintenance of a standing army. 
 
 (z) Infringement on municipal charters. 
 
 |ri France and Louis XIV :— 
 
 1. Growth of France . 
 
 (a) Decline of Spain, exhaustion of Sweden, disunion 
 of Germany, humiliation of Holland by the Euir- 
 lish fleets. 
 
 (*) Cardinal Richelieu's policy : Development of the 
 resources of France ; concentration of power in 
 the hands of the monarch. 
 
 {c) Policy of Mazarin and of Colbert Continuation of 
 Richelieu's policy : — 
 
 (i) Enterprise, wealth, greatness of France. 
 
 (2) A French army of 500,000 at the time of the 
 Grand Alliance. 
 
 (3) A well-equipped French navy. 
 
 (4) Louis' able statesmen : Uonne the diplomat, 
 Ivouvois the war minister, Colbert the financier. 
 
 2. liOuisXIV: 
 
 (a) Character: Bigoted, narrow-minded, ungrateful, 
 pitiless, proud, selfish ; industrious, ambitious, 
 patient, resolute, self-confident. 
 
 {d) Policy : 
 
 ( 1 ) To conquer the Spanish Netherlands. 
 
 (2) To develop a vast Pmi.cn-spanish empire. 
 
 ': 't 
 
1 h', 
 
 I 
 
 146 
 
 STUART PERIOD. 
 
 Rome, attack on Germany ' Evasion 
 
 VII. William of Orange, 1660-1702:- 
 
 I. Ancestry : 
 
 Wm. I of "ranpre (illustrious liberator of thn.- J 
 I Provinces, and HtaSB[.r"of 'i'J.lid 
 
 Frederick 
 
 Wm. 11 + Mary (daughter of (;;,as,, 
 
 Maurice 
 
 . OK." . '^"'•"''''°'-^"^«-*-Mary(diughterofJas.i„ 
 2. Clmracterandabilitv ■ "p«e«. 1 . , 
 
 f"I, watchful, .n,„i\i?us, sdF-co,™i,S,'"r'' '."'"'«"' 
 forbidding, uiiamiahlf. ""^ ^""^•^o'led, honest ; stern 
 
 proud of ftis a,;Sry sa2.dou!T.F'"°"'^^ ^^"^^""^i 
 in the management of E""'" ''°"i'? ' dexterous 
 patient in deh.y, dLrppo^'^^e„T"and^l'" ^'^'^ 
 posed in critical moments sSued h T^*^-""'; '"^"'l 
 armies: thorough in his '^m« nnf I' "" disciphiieof 
 enthusiastic in his love for Westn^-s;?.^'" ^"''^'^^ ' 
 ?,. Policy : 
 
 («) Formation of the Grand aii,««« 
 
 (^) Promotion of the interests nf m«ii /^ 
 and of Protestantism! "°"^"^' ^"^''" 
 
 nd 
 
BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIEF. 
 
 147 
 
 powers and niaij 
 
 nds; checked 
 
 il of attack, i6;,j 
 
 1688: Seizure 
 110a, invasion 
 
 •eratorof the l'nii«i 
 tholder of UoU^^ 
 
 derick 
 
 laughter of Chas. 
 
 laughter of Jas. Ilj 
 
 atious, thoiishtJ 
 i, honest ; sternj 
 >sl^ generous I 
 "Cll ; dexteroiisl 
 ul in exigency I 
 disaster; coin 
 lie disciphiieof 
 3pean politics; 
 a." ' 
 
 the overt li row I 
 land. 
 
 and, Englatiil 
 
 4. Career of William, to the Invitation of 1688 : 
 
 {a) I/iuis' seizure of the principality of Orange, 1660. 
 Its surrerder to Wm. 1665. 
 
 {d) War between the English and the Dutch provinces, 
 1664-1667. 
 
 (c) Triple Alliance 1667. William's visit to England ; 
 honorary Oxford degree, 1670. 
 
 (d) Secret Treaty of Dover, 1670 : Break-up of the 
 Triple Alliance, England, Sweden, Holland. 
 
 {e) Renewal of the Dutch War : England the ally of 
 France, 1672-1678; Louis' armies master of the 
 Dutch strongholds. 
 
 {/) William elected Stadtholder of the United Provin- 
 ces, 1672. 
 
 {^) Marriage of William and Mary, daughter of James 
 II, 1677. 
 
 (h) Treaty of Nimeguen, i67iS : France dominant in 
 Elurope. 
 
 {i) Louis' disregard for treaties: Seizure of Luxem- 
 bourg and Strasburg. 
 
 {J) William, thwarted by the States, forced to an 
 inglorious peace with Louis. 
 
 {k) William loyal to James II, 16S5 ; oiler to ccmimand 
 troops again.st Monmouth. 
 
 (/) James IPs treaty with France ; William's vain 
 protest. 
 
 5. The Invitation, 1688 : 
 
 (fl) Why sent : 
 
 (i) Illegal rule of James II. 
 
 (2) Reported birth of the Prince of Wales. 
 
 (3) Trial of the 7 Bishops. 
 
 (4) Irish Catholic troops in England. 
 
 (/>) Representative character : Signed on behalf of the 
 nation by Lords Shrew.sbury, Devonshire, Danby, 
 Lumley, Russell, Sidney ; Bishop Compton ; Ad- 
 niirnl Herbert. 
 
Z48 
 
 STUART PERIOD. 
 
 (c) Reasons why William accepted it : 
 
 (i) Sanction of the Dutch States-General 
 
 (2) William's own right as grandson of Charl 
 
 (3) Mary's right as daughter of James TI 
 ^"^^ Vw ^"^^^«tjon of the English nation to ,1 
 
 them m defending their freedom ami ty 
 
 lesl 
 
 ;l J i 
 
 1111 
 
 F.-WILLIAM III. 1688-1708 
 
 I. The Revolution, 1688 :— 
 
 I. Landing of William at Torbay . 
 
 («) General revolt of the oeonlp frr.«, t 
 
 Wm. of Churchil^lSX^orPrin'r 6e";^^^^ " 
 Denmark. (/Anna's h^usband). and rine.^'"'^' 
 
 ^^ LoSon ^''"'' '" '''"""^^- ^^^^«^^ °f Willian, , 
 2. The Convention, 1688-1693 •' 
 
 (a) Discussion of the situation • 
 
 (3) View of the Whigs: James' forfeiture of thJ 
 Crown ; r,ght of Parliament to selecJa Lvi] 
 
 {6) Declaration qt RIglits, 1689. 
 
 ^'^ Jamfs'?lf '^" "''^°" "«"'"«^ J^"^^^ " («ee vj 
 (2) Re-affirmation of the People's rights • 
 
 ^'^ Ifon'coirt' '"'^"^ RcclesiHstical ComnnJ 
 (ii) Against dispensing with the laws, raisin J 
 
 rnSSfXrmS:^'""^™^-^^''-! 
 
BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIEF. 
 
 M9 
 
 imes II (see V, 
 
 II 
 
 (iii) Against a Papist Sovereign for England. 
 
 (iv) For right of petition, free elections, free 
 debate in Parliament, 
 
 (v) For frequent and regular Parliaments, 
 (vi) For pure administration of justice. 
 (c) Tender of the crown to William and Mary on their 
 
 acceptance of these Declarations. 
 (•rf) Convention declared a Parliament : Measures 
 
 (i) Toleration Act, 1689 : Permission to all 
 Dissenters but Catholics to worship in their 
 own way. 
 
 (2) Annual Assembly of Parliament for supplies. 
 
 (3) Oath of Allegh' -^ »illl, 1689. 
 
 (4) nutlny Bill, ' Power of Parliament over 
 the army by tl ., ^ut of trial by court-martial. 
 
 The Revolution in Scotland :- 
 
 1. Resolutions of the Scottish Convention (summoned by 
 
 William) declaring : 
 
 (a) James' forfeiture of the Crown of Scotland. 
 
 (^) William and Mary as sovereigns, 
 
 {c) Scotland's claim of Rights (based on the Declara- 
 tion). 
 
 {d) The Abolition of Episcopacy. 
 
 2. William's agreement to the claim of Rights ; acceptance 
 
 of the Crown of Scotland. 
 
 .V Dundee's Revolt : Battle of Kllllecrankle, 1689. 
 Death of Dundee. 
 
 4. Oath of allegiance in Scotland : 
 
 {a) Failure of the Macdonald clan of (^lenciie to re- 
 gister the oath in time, 
 
 (*) Massacre of Qlencoe, 169a ; William accessory 
 after the fact. 
 
 The Revolution in Ireland :— 
 
 I. Tyranny of Tyrcotmel, Lord-Lieutenant, 
 
 ' li 
 
 ^•l6. >, 
 
150 
 
 STUART J>ERIOD; 
 
 2. Landing of James at Kinsale, 1688. 
 
 4. Colonel Wolseley's victory over the Tri«T, rott, ^^ 
 
 Ennisklllen and at Ne Jton ButlerJ 1689 ^^'^'^ 
 
 5. Summons of an Irish Parliament by Tames as Kin 
 
 will am s subjects, Persecution of the Protestants 
 
 f 6^0 ""ll'l/'lT •^- William's victory at the Boy 
 1090. Death of his general, Schomberg. ^ 
 
 7. Flight c' James to France. 
 
 ^' ^t"rfr 'JV^.t'^'^^^-'I ^^ Aughrim, 1691 : Surrender 
 Sarsfield, the Irish commander. surrender 
 
 9. Treaty of Limerick, 1691 : 
 
 (a) Freedom of worship. 
 
 (*) Permission to Irish Jacobites to leave Ireland 
 
 ^'^ rh\trth^"o? ATS^e.^^ P^^^^^^ ^°^ '^^- ^'''<' 
 
 IV. Results of the Revolution of 1688 :- 
 
 '■ 'common"/. '"^"'■^'S"'>^ f^«"» the King to the Ho,.se| 
 
 Right of the People to depose or choose a Ki„E , 
 
 ^Got^nment °' ^'^ ^"'^""^^ «^«^-" ^ ^<-P"-iJ 
 
 Establishment of tlie Commons' control over RevenJ 
 Commerce, Taxation, the Forces. ^ 
 
 Annual sessions of Parliament. 
 Independence of the judges 
 
 y. Religious toleration. 
 
 10. Union of England, Scotland, Ireland 
 
 11. Ufiioii of EngluuU and Hoiiand against France. 
 
 3- 
 
 4- 
 
 5- 
 
 6. 
 7. 
 
\h 
 
 'Id of the Ulsti 
 
 rish Catholics 
 ■68p. 
 
 James as KinJ 
 of Attainder 
 : Protestants. 
 
 •ryat the Boy i 
 irg. 
 
 I : Surrender 
 
 ve Ireland. 
 for those tiikiJ 
 
 to the Honsel 
 
 I, Divine Rij,'^ 
 
 I Kitife'. 
 
 or Responsilj 
 
 over ReveiiJ 
 
 reater fret-dd 
 
 'ranee. 
 
 aly. 
 ;ille 
 I of 
 lish 
 
 lan- 
 
 the 
 
 oro, 
 
 the 
 *nch 
 
 I by 
 rest. 
 relief 
 ;h of 
 
 .s of 
 d at 
 
 King 
 
3) 
 
 i) 
 t. 
 
 u 
 a 
 
 O 
 
 a 
 t, 
 
 3 
 
 
 9 
 Id 
 
 I 
 
 
 ?■? 
 
 .!-.• 
 
 y 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 z 
 
 
 < 
 
 n 
 
 oc 
 
 (0 
 
 U. 
 
 s 
 
 f 
 
 • 
 OD 
 
 i 
 
 (0 
 
 (0 
 
 
 c 
 
 
 < 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
SABDIMA 
 
 
12. R 
 
 ei 
 tl 
 
 The ( 
 
 1. A-] 
 
 u: 
 
 2. Wj 
 
 (« 
 
 (f 
 
BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIKF. 
 
 151 
 
 12. Results to Ireland : Confiscation of Irish lands ; gov- 
 ernment by a Protestant niinority, crown appointees ; 
 the Irish Parliament thetoolof Kngland ; restrictions 
 against Irish trade. 
 
 The Grand Alliance (William's life plan) :- 
 
 1. A great Protestant league of England, Holland, Ger- 
 
 many, Austria, against France. 
 
 2. Warwith France (King William's War), 1689-1697: 
 
 (a) Causes; Louis' attack on Germany, devdstatiou of 
 
 the Palatinate, assistance to James II. 
 (5) Course of the war by campaigns. 
 
 1690 French successes in Flanders and in Italy. 
 French victory at Beactiy Head. Tourville 
 master of the Channel. French invasion of 
 England : burning of Teignmouth. English 
 victory at the Boyne. 
 
 1691. William commander of the Allies in Flan- 
 ders. Delays and frustration of plans bv the 
 intrigues of Admiral Russell, Lord Marlboro, 
 and the Jacobites. 
 
 1692. Plans for the invasion of England by the 
 French and Jacobites. Defeat of the French 
 off Cape La Hogue, by Admiral Russell. 
 
 1694. Betrayal of William's plans to Louis by 
 Marlboro : Failure of English attack on Brest. 
 English capture of Dieppe ami Havre, relief 
 of Barcelona, blockade of Touloa. Death of 
 Queen Mary. 
 
 1695. William's recapture of the fortress of 
 Namur. His defeat at 5telnkirk and at 
 tanden. 
 
 (r) Results : 
 
 1697. Treaty off Ryswick. 
 
 ( 1 ) Restoration of free invercourse. 
 
 (2) Mutual restoration of conquests. 
 
 (3) Louis' recognition of William III as Kinjr 
 wi .E^n^iauu. 
 
I'l 
 
 
 152 
 
 STUART PERIOD. 
 
 (4) Louis' abandonment of the Tacohit. I 
 
 (5) Ix^uis- retention of Strasburg '"'^•' 
 
 VI Progress of the Constitution - 
 
 Parliament; SSfny'sifl®®' ^''''''^^ S««"o^« of 
 '■ ^;«^*1^ of the Cabinet System of a 
 
 i^} The Privy Council '^^f ^"^ °^ <^o^«rnmeut : 
 -ftheKiVsaSvlsers ""'^ ^o'-titutional bod, 
 
 ' i^i^l^:i:^;%^^^-^ or cabinet Counei, 
 
 W First Cabinet or Cabal rfi^r •„ 
 
 ponsible. ^^^^^' '^7^ •' '"egal and irres- 
 
 features of our Parliamentar^ « ' * ^ essential 
 
 ment. "dmentary System of Govern- 
 
 (/) Under Charle'* TT a«^ t 
 
 of the Kin^7 servant^rr I' '^' ^^'^>"-t a cahal 
 Council or Parliamin"' '"^«P«»^lent of Pri;; 
 
 U; -Adoption of tliP T?o^i r r, ^, 
 
 «l>onsibirOo;:,tl°t ^""^-'■land's plan or Re- 
 
 («) Triennial Act, 1694 "^"""''"'"^"^^ -^ 
 
 S f ' ^"•; S^'-^^t-'- freedom of the Press 
 (r) Atneudment i„ the law of treason 
 (^) Acts of reform and relief 
 
 TheSpai 
 
 The Spani 
 ''.ardy. Si 
 -"sca. Si 
 
he Jacobite causfj 
 burg. 
 
 ual Sessions of| 
 
 )vernment : 
 
 istitutioiial body] 
 
 Cabinet Council | 
 
 ^abijiet Council | 
 
 egal and irres- 
 
 'cecutive power, 
 IS the essentiai 
 em of Govern- 
 
 Cabinet a cabal 
 ent of Privy 
 
 binet an Exec- 
 
 the chief „f. 
 
 3 plan or Re- 
 ibers of the 
 i majoritv in 
 
 BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIEK. 
 
 first Ministry 
 
 tj.- 
 
 rS3 
 
 (^) Establishment of the Bar.V r.f T.^ , 
 
 (0 Charter to Natbt n ,^' ''''^' ''''•' 
 
 National Bank o "t t^xelt'^''^^'^^'"^' ^^ « 
 tional Debt, and t?1 Ja" Ino, ev'l ^p" V-^" ^«- 
 when wanted. money to Parliament 
 
 (/) Purity of the coinage 
 
 aO Rejection of Vote by Ballot, 1605 
 
 i^) Act of Settlement, ,701 c; , 
 
 atlon of Riijhts • th^ TiM -.^^g^el to the Declar 
 
 ans;theory,'alcomnai^^^^^^^^ the Hanoveri-" 
 
 the People ;1he sea You^^^^^^^ and 
 
 the last great statute -res?stin^'^"^'""''*^ ^^^vs ; 
 Crown :— resistmg the power of the 
 
 "* arfeatt°«=^ '"' ""= - «- conduct, 
 
 ''* XlClh^eFr^lt/" "= ''"'-'»'». an,, 
 of Parliament ''""""'""^ without consem 
 
 Anne. "^^^ ^o the throne after 
 
 (5) England not to be forced f^ 
 defend the KmJ'VfZ,- ^"".^''^^^^ 
 
 (6) All succe.1^ ' l!f"'^^">'"/^-"i"i- 
 
 war to 
 
 f6) All «Mo -'- r"'« * loreign dominions 
 
 '' o?EnLS."^"^^"-^^^^°be of the Church 
 
 p^^'^rra-^rta^-sconsutu- 
 
 Rjght. Habeas Cor^s Ac^n' 1'"'^^?"" «^" 
 Rights, Act of Settlement • P*L^>«/^»'o" of 
 1832. ^euiement, and Reform Bill, 
 
 . ^^® Spanish Succession - 
 
 ' -'«^- ^'"g v:haries II without heirs.^' ''^''"''*'' *'^'"''- 
 
■'t ■ ■'. 
 
 ^54 STUART PERIOD. 
 
 2. The 3 Claimants : Joseph of Bavaria ; Charles, soul 
 
 Emperor Leopold ; Pliilip of Anjou, grandson of 
 
 3. First Secret Partition Treaty, 1698 : , ' 
 
 (a) Joseph: Spain, the Netherlands, Sardinia, audi 
 Colonies. ' 
 
 {b) Charles: lyorabardy; '■ 
 
 (c) Pliilip : Naples and Sicily. 
 
 , 4- Charles IPs first will leaving all his dominions to 
 eph. Death of Joseph. 
 
 5. Second Secret Partition Treaty, 1700 : 
 
 (a) Charles : Spain, the Netherlands, Sardinia 
 Colonies. 
 
 (b) Philip : The rest of Spanish territory. 
 
 6. Charles II's second virill leaving all to Philij). 
 
 of Charles, 17CX). Louis' grandson now iPhilipl 
 Spain. ' ■ 
 
 7. Louis' garrison of the Spanish Netherlands with Fra 
 
 troops ; promise of aid to the Pretender, 
 
 8. Revival of the Grand Alliance, 1702. Aims : To p 
 
 Charles on the Spanish throne, to keep the Ficndii 
 of the Netherlands, to prevent the union of the I rj 
 and Spanish crowns. 
 
 9. Death of William III the "Guardian of the EiiJ 
 
 Constitution," 1702. 
 
 G.— ANNEi 1702-1714. 
 
 I. War of the Spanish Succession (dueen 
 War), 1702-1714 :— 
 
 1. Causes (see VII, William III). 
 
 2. The War : 
 
 1702. Marlboro, commander of the Allies ; other j 
 ers, Eugene and Peterboro. Contending foj 
 The Emperor of Germany and Minor Princ^ 
 Germany and Denmark, King of Prussia, 4 1 
 tors, Holland, England, Savoy, Portugall 
 France, Spain and the Electors of Bavarial 
 Cologne. 
 
ids, Sardinia, audi 
 
 liaii of the Eiii 
 
 BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIEF. 
 
 operation. ^ '-' ^^^^ o^ co- 
 
 1705. Victories of Peterboro in Spa, « 
 
 1706. Marlboro's victory at Pamnil. . wi , 
 
 of Uje French. Eu^^^l.^r" ^.V/uX'^i, ^ 
 of Charles into Madrid ^"^^>' 
 
 ''1i.e1Sj«rof Linr 'p' ?•«!•»«■■<««. Capture of 
 
 , charges against MarZro^toLJ"?^^'^"; 
 andof corruption ; dismissal ofPl,adyX!bo™frr 
 
 1710. Marlboro's entry into Franop T«. t^t- • 
 of Harley and St. John Tory Ministry 
 
 »7il. Dismissal of Marlboro. The DuW,. of r. 
 
 m command of the English. Ormond 
 
 171a. Charges against Marlboro : Bribery rorrn^f; 
 prolongation of the war. Character of m ? "' 
 Avarice. selfishness, meanness dun'ip'^- ^'"'l^^l'.''' • 
 genius ; statesmanship feneS * ^"^^"^•"»' 
 loyalty to England. generalship, courage, 
 
 Results : 
 
 1713. Treaty of Utrecht. 
 
 ^""^ SHnHffp°".°lQ"^""^""«. the Bruns- 
 wick line, the Protestant Succession. 
 
 [0) I,ouis banishment of the Pretender 
 
 \c) Louis' dismantlement of Dunkirk 
 
 0/) England's retention of Oihr«Uar Hinr— 
 
 jj^caaia, Newfoundland, Hudson 's ' Bay tS 
 
f 
 
 
 
 t 
 
 . ' 
 
 
 
 M 
 
 I '.I 
 
 J. . 
 
 '56 STUART PERJOD. 
 
 (<?) Asiento Compact with Spain : England's 
 right for 30 years of trading in negro &iaJ 
 with the Spanish colonies ; England's per J 
 sion to trade in the Spanish South Seas! 
 
 (/) Philip's retention of Spain and Span 
 America under promise of non-union of 1 
 crowns of France and Spain. 
 
 (g-) Restoration to Germany of all conquests: 
 tention by Emperor of Germany (Charles 
 all Spanish possessions in Italy and the NetJ 
 lands ; acknowledgment of Prussia as a kJ 
 dom. 1 
 
 (A) Holland's right to garrison her French front] 
 ^'* 1707*- **^® ^^^^^ ®^ England and Scotia 
 
 r. Events leading to the Union : 
 
 (a) Failure of the Scottish Darien Colony in C™ 
 America. 
 
 (h) Religious and coiwmercial jealousies. 
 
 ic) vScotland's Act of Security against English i„ 
 
 ence of Scottisli religion, trade, liberty 
 (d) Trouble over the Pretender. 
 
 2. The Act of Union, 1707, the chief event of Qu 
 Anne^s reign : 
 
 (a) Union under the name of Great Britain. 
 
 (d) Guarantee of the Hanoverian Line. 
 
 {c) Union Parliament at Westminster ; vScotlan,! 
 
 presentation : 16 Peers, 45 Commoners. 
 ((/) Equal commercial rights. 
 (<?) Uniform system of coinage. 
 (/) Levy of same customs and taxes fnr each. 
 U) Local laws in each country ; general laws for 
 
 united countries. 
 
 {^) Maintenance of Presl)yterJanism as the Estal 
 Church of Scotland. 
 
 Escrusioa of Pupietts from the Crowu. 
 
 
1 Colony ill Ce 
 
 if event of Qti 
 
 BRITISH- HISTORY m BRIRr. 
 
 13 
 
 157 
 
 inioneri,. 
 
 Results of the Union • 
 (a) Union of 2 Saxon peoples. 
 
 ^Removal of constant source of war. 
 (0 Red^uction of the Highlands to a systen. of law and 
 
 relations. ^"*^ nationality, instead of hostile 
 ^^^ EufictSS^^^^^ •• ^^^-^^^ -^ T-le. Commerce. 
 
 jParty Strug^gies . - 
 
 f '^Ktjl'^"^^" ^"-. » To,,, .UH .he „uehe», of 
 
 Dismissal of the Whi» tv/t; • . 
 election of 17x0. ^ ^'"''''•>'- ^^^'^ 'lefeat in the 
 
 's\'5X'(ViIcoi„fSgbr?^^^^^^ ^"^^'^ «f "'^ford). 
 Disgrace of Marlboro ; Onnond a Tor • 
 
 'Si^ro?/„^r---w4^T;:L 
 
 Treaty of Utrecht, 17 13. 
 Question of the Succession • 
 
 Party over the S«ccelsii„. ^^'^'^'"«« '" the Tory 
 i*^) Whig plans : the Act of fi..tti 
 W The Tories i„ disfavor ."'"* ""' "^'"'^^^ '• 
 v«; iiic Whigs in power, ,714." ' ""^^ ^^^- 
 
158 
 
 STUART PERIOD. 
 
 XV. Condition of Engrlaud :— 
 
 1. Population of England and Wales, 6,000,000. 
 
 2. Chief centres : I^ondon 600,000, Leeds 7,000, Maud 
 
 6,000, Birmingham 3,000, Sheffield 2,ocx), Liven 
 Bristol, Norwich, York, Exeter, Shrewsbur\ , Wo 
 ter. 
 
 3. Social condition (see V below) : 
 
 (a) Lack of police and order in cities and towns, 
 {d) Education : Coffee-houses and clubs ; few 
 papers iird books. 
 
 (c) Paupers : ^ of the population. 
 
 (d) Roads : Few and poor. 
 
 {e) Products: Wheat, wool, tin, copper, iron, a 
 coal. 
 
 V. Literature of the 17th Century :- 
 
 I . Transition Period : 
 
 {a) Politics ; Factions and irresolution of Charlesl 
 reign. 
 
 Absolutism and Romanism of James IPs reign 
 Transfer of executive supremacy frdin tlie 
 
 to the Commons in William IIPs reign, 
 
 ism in Anne's reign. 
 
 (d) Society : Profligacy, gambling, drunkenncssj 
 of principle, general taint in letters durinirrei 
 Charles IL ' 
 
 (c) Reli,.;ion: Restoration of the old ecclesiastical! 
 ity and Liturgy ; persecution of Non-coiifon 
 finally, Toleration Act and Freedom of wors 
 
 {d) Poetry : School of bombasts, conceits, iinnio 
 gallantry; "of French polish, finished 
 ments, airy nothings. '• "Critical ac urn 
 thought, elegance of phrase, measured harn 
 Pope the representative." 
 
6,000,000, 
 
 :eds 7,000, Maiicb 
 eld 2,ocx), I^iverj 
 Shrewsbury, Wo 
 
 ities and towns, 
 id clubs ; few 
 
 copper, iron, a| 
 
 T \~ 
 
 ution of CharlesI 
 
 James IPs reign 
 
 acy frdiJi tlie 
 111 Ill's reign, 
 
 f, drunkenness, 
 etters during re 
 
 >ld ecclesiastidi 
 of Non-confoi 
 ecdoni of wori 
 
 conceits, iniiiio 
 jh, finished 
 [Critical ar< ura( 
 iieasured harn 
 
 I^RITTSn HISTORY IN BRIEF. 
 
 Writers : 
 ^""^ brug^: ''^^'^"' Wycherley, Con^reve, Van- 
 
 in History : Clarendon, Burnet, Pepys. 
 {d) Theology : Tillotson, Baxter, Tavlor Bnf 1 
 ie) Philosophy : Locke, Berkeley Hotb:;.^'^"^^- 
 (/ j Science : Nev/ton. 
 
 ij) Fiction ; Bunyan, De Foe, Swift, Arbuthnot 
 W Papers, Kssays : D^oe, Steele, Addison^ sl' ft. 
 
 Examination Questions on the Stu.rt Period: 
 
 ■ Honors 
 
 l»,Sm''.?at'il;!'7«T,"' "'° ■^'«' '•»■■««"•«» ln.ro,iM„a ,1,^ ,„„re ' 
 
 lercsed by each on English Ilistory 1875 ''''^'" ''^ "'" ^"""o'U'e 
 
 .tfiy their causes, courses, and conse m.onm^^^^ ^n"?',''^ l!«rio<l,'!. sketching 
 Vttce tho circumstances which led to th . "^ ^^"*^"''' «''^^'- ^«7« 
 
 niiH)rary and subse.iuent history fi °^ *'*'* Iniiuenco ou con- 
 
 aK'ci?p^.^T,?t''TCA";t'?ff i5"S/^^'^ explanatory notes on tho 
 hvimiit. tl'.e Self I enWnt O^ f(,S'-'"J?'*^''«,^^« '^"'^''n" I -Sru " and 
 
 " . nmrle" T^'Crle " ''£ [^^rj^r' ^^ ^'^ "onry vn. Henry 
 
 "If^.ngaccuratelywhlchwcrea he? ni'h^ '■?'""'»^ " ^'^v 'nS 
 ). Ui.en Hu.l by what fnstrmmM.tii.i^^'V"?*'**' '''''' "'•''•'i wore 
 
i6o 
 
 vSTTTART PERIOD. 
 
 * 10. Describe the various chanpes which toolt place diirlnp the Tiidnr 
 
 Stuart iHjriod in tlic political relations V>ct\veen Scotland and Fiil-ii 
 1877. 
 
 * 11. Sketch the parliamentary hi.story of the reign of Charles 1 showini 
 
 accurately as y(..i can the amount of progress made in the coiistitutiu 
 govern nieiit between his accession to ihe throne and the outbreak ol 
 civil war. 1877. 
 
 * 12. Contrast the Civil War with the Revolution in origin, progress 
 
 elfect (jn the ponstitutional history of England. 1877. 
 
 * 13. Give a brief account of the War of the Spanish Succession, indica 
 
 the part played by England in connection with it, and shouin; 
 amount of gain or lo^s accruing to lier as its result. 1877. 
 
 11. ('oTitrast the literary character of the reign of Queen Anne with the| 
 
 20 years of George Ill's reirrn. 1877. 
 15. Toll what you know of Hampden. 1877. 
 
 l(i. What wore the objects and results of the struggle which closed withl 
 Treaty of Utrecht? 1877. 
 
 * 17. Gives"../)rt noteson any 4of the following:— The Habeas Corpm 
 
 Battle of Nasoby, Groat Fire of London, Perkin VVar»)eck, ScUis 
 Cabot, Jno. Hampden. 1,S78. 
 
 18. Sketch the social condition of England during the Si,uar* 
 
 1878. 
 
 M 
 
 briellv the 
 1878. 
 
 history of Ireland during the Tudor aridfJ 
 
 .s 11, jJ 
 
 ♦ 1!). Sketch 
 periods. 
 
 ♦ 21). Describe fully the characters of James I, Charles I, Chp 
 
 11, respectively 1878. 
 
 21. Trace the history of events at home and abroad leading ' ) thi' Trei 
 Utrecht, and explain Its eiTeci on EnglisU colonial history, IsTs. 
 
 ♦ 22. " No event ever marked a deeper or more lasting change of torn 
 
 the Knglish jmople than the entrv of Charles II into Whitehall l* 
 modern Enghnwl bogins."— (ireon. Explain and ilbistrate lhi< 
 mont. 1879. 
 
 ♦ 2K. Cdvoanaccountof the steps by which Charles II made hiin^clf 
 
 lute towards the end of his reign. 1879. 
 
 ♦ 21. Sketch the development of the system of party governincnt i 
 
 reign of Anne. 1879. 
 
 a.*). Uelate the history of the Revolution of 1088. Mention the priiiriidi 
 stitutional changes which it brought about. 1870 
 
 2(». Give a brief account of tin; hi.story of the earlv Mart of Charles V>^ 
 so as to show the causes of the war between liiln a: d tin- Lonir 
 ment. 1879. 
 
 27. Write historical notes on sir W. Raleigh, ('larcndon. HisliopI 
 Sachoveroll. 1,h79. 
 
 28. Toll what you know of the poor laws of l!;ii/.al)cth, the '* 
 HalKMis Corpus Act, and the Legislative Union of Kngland u 
 187'.». 
 
 ♦ 29. Sketch thi« characlor of .lames I ind his iv)llcy Ixi^n d< si,, 
 
 foreign, jnirticularly noting his diplomatic relat.ons with .Sruiir; 
 
 *3(). (iiVQi 
 
 1880. 
 
 » 31 . State J 
 English 
 
 32. (iive a h 
 
 ;)3, (Jive as 
 lianieut 
 
 31. What di 
 tiun of 1 
 
 33. What W( 
 
 :& Trace th 
 give the 
 
 :i7. Write br 
 Act of S( 
 
 IS, " In out 
 transfen 
 Mary, 1 
 to tile I 
 length tl 
 transfer, 
 
 ' ■■',% Write f 
 Right 01 
 uier, Ho 
 
 ' 10. Descrit 
 
 Charles J 
 
 • 11. Deseril 
 
 IJ. Indicate 
 uocossioi 
 
 i; staU," the 
 circumst 
 
 1!. Iiive.stiga 
 III King 
 
 I'. <iivo the 
 Spain, Pr 
 tiie Treat 
 
 W. <iivea hii 
 the Se vol 
 pleaded, 
 
 I'. Ko.seribel 
 i'i)nse<iue 
 
 <"*. WImt ten 
 Kiigland 
 of the arg 
 
 ' I'.i. Kxplaln 
 meant by 
 
 • -). Sketch 
 
 '!"'Tuf1o] 
 
 • .il. Narrate 
 
BRITISH HISTORY IN HRIKK. 
 
 c fluring the TiulnrJ 
 I Scotland and lumiJ 
 
 of Charles I shnwina 
 ade ill the coiistittitiij 
 ! and the outbreak dl 
 
 , in origin, proffresvi 
 
 1877. 
 
 h Succession, iiidicai 
 vith it, and shduiiJ 
 J It. 1877. 
 
 ueen Anne with thel 
 
 i6i 
 
 e which closed wittil 
 
 'he Haheaa Corpu; 
 kin VVarl)enk, SoimJ 
 
 ■inff the Scuart roi| 
 
 g the Tudor hik; 
 
 Pies I, Ch^' \.i II, J^ 
 
 leading ' j the TresI 
 !al history. IsTs. 
 
 ing change of tfrnti 
 into NVhitohnll. \-<\ 
 nd illiistnito this 
 
 I II made himself | 
 
 i\rty governinciit 
 
 •ntion the priiioii^ll 
 
 79. 
 
 •art of (;harl('s Isa 
 
 in ard the Lout; 
 
 *rendon, Bishop I 
 
 abeth, the "' 
 f Kugland u 
 
 Hey Ixiin d( iu^ 
 it.ons with .Swil!; 
 
 * 30.^ve a brief view of the state of Ireland at the accession of the Stuarts. 
 
 * 31. Slate fully and distinctly thj causes whicl, le.l to the forfeiture, cf th.- 
 English throne by James If. iSHi). loricituri ct tiie 
 
 1 32. Give a brief sketch, with dates, of the wars of Marlboro 1880 
 
 '^- liamc^U.^"l880.' ''''"""* '*' ^""^ '^'"^ °'' ''"-" P'-"^^^-"!"'^^ of the" Long Par- 
 
 r Softer im' ^"^'''^^ Constitution were effected by the Kevolu- 
 
 33. What were the terms of Union between England and Scotlau.l ? 1«80 
 M. Trace the history of events tiiat brouL'lit alxnit th.. 'Vr,.■,t^■ ,,t lu., i . * , 
 I give the principal articles of tiiat'fity wSt^iienS/^l^'l^^//,'^^^^^^ 
 
 ^^l^/SlSl^^l^iIi^l^'i^i^Jlr^S;^' ^--'-Chapene. Par.; t.iJ 
 "In outer seeming," .says (iriTii "the Hcvnhitinn ,^f ntuu i> ■ , 
 transferred the Sovereiglitv <.ver KnSnd fZ^^^^ f umi "' ""'•; 
 
 Mary. In actual far;t it was transforri V' the S^m^^^^^^ 
 
 ''a'SS^ Tm!^^^^ *^'' ^^'^"^^^^•'••^ «'"1 policies of Henry VIII and 
 • 11. Describe brielly the causes and results of the Revolution of iCoS IhSl 
 
 " Si^::ii^i^^i;i::^;,i's^siii'irS''"''^^'^'^'"' — '^ "^ ^"^• 
 
 "• III kK Si:;rr ''Z''^'' *'" circumstances which made William 
 
 ' ■ »=^S Se »iMi^i^SS:.tS-i ISt 
 
 W. <iive a history of the circumstances which led to the arn.-t .m.i fw,.i f 
 the Seven Bishop,s the accu.«ati.)nM>refem. 1 ai/ ii st Hw.T*m"'M /'' "^ 
 Mea.le.l, and the political results of IhetHrsiuK^ lli^i "' ^'" ''''^•-""'■^' 
 
 ' ■ !'on:equenceI'''lte°^ ®''"""''" ""^' R^MuiUi^s, and uou. their political 
 
 I''. What territory was gained by England at the Peace of I'trocht ■' w.w 
 
 * '';.!:*.K^;!!',!\l'»«.''>/M''y.'.'f rarllamenUiry Guverniuent durimr th.. r..(.r„. ,.f 
 
 i"""!'^: aiiw ine .Ntuarcs. 1H,S2, ' 
 
 • M. Narrate briefly the history of England from lOlii to Kll'j. i882. 
 
'iii 
 
 Z62 
 
 STUART PERIOD. 
 
 * ''?■ J,"'''^»*« t^e causes and results of the Revolution of icm 1882 
 
 ■''r&tC^l 1^^:-"U^ ^^- ^^«. PomK-.. ana' u..r^?; „ ,J 
 '' "S^SirS'' '''' '^'^''^^^ °^ ^V;i.,iam III to the political part.e. 
 
 %S^;!<??;;e11?-!;.r/'"i8S^^^'^"*^^^-^ «^ Government !!^id i.th 
 
 %aS^;;:i i^;;S-\S -^^^ -ndltion or England in\L .i:l 
 
 61. Sketch the characters of William III and Anne. 1883 
 
 62. \V nte a . hort account of tlio life of Charles I. 188;^ ' 
 
 ""• Sr^;;S:^,if^,^j--|5-f-;^^rwhiJh the Habeas ,^ 
 
 * ^vTmam IIL ''ISsT' ""'^'""^ *'^ ^'"''^ "^ »^*^ King fron. Henry m . 
 *6,..^xplain and contract the foreign polices of Elizabeth and J.nu.l 
 
 * ""isS" '"^"•^' *'^ ^^'•^' "^ ^'-' ^»-««"^ -'f «-r,es I With Parliamentl 
 
 * "bi!hop L!l;f T^7:" "' ''"'•"'"^' ^^■"'->' ArchbLshop cranmer, A^d^ 
 
 * 68 Detail the events which led to the Revolution of 1G88 18»1 
 «9. Wha were the chief provisions of the Bill of RightsVT884 
 '"• StUKfll^^^'^--^ Characteristics of the Tu-l.. I^ver^igns" „f 
 
 71. Descril,e the growth of the power of Parliament under the Stuart. 
 
 72. Give an account of the campaigns of Marlln^ro. 1^ ""*' 
 
 • ■ allegiance of the subject , <; 
 
 ■ '"J? l" ""' *^roiic ; uiiti ('(/ '. ,'< 
 
 e rudor and btuart periods \^^, 
 
 7(t Jn what re»pect wore (r, 
 
 of the Huhject • ir\ ♦!!;> t;;, 
 
 possesslona, affected durii 
 
 iM'ni 
 ou 
 
r.KTTlSTI HISTORY IN BRIEF. 
 
 163 
 
 Iniioii and brieiiy describe tlie great constitutional nu-a-ures tluit 
 liiaguisli the reigns of Charles 1, Ciiarlcs II, William III. William IV. 
 15. 
 
 Iiition and e^rplain the causes that contributed to the ulorv of (nieen 
 Ine'siijiy.i. 18«5. 
 
 lesomif aci'iunt of the foreign itolicy of Wililam HI and >keU'h the 
 |:»ary career of Marltoro down to the Peace of Utrecht. 1,S85, 
 
 Jive aa wCcouiit of tiie struggle between Charles I and his I'arliuiuiiit. 
 
 S''i. 
 
 iketch the events in the history of the Long Parliament, giving dait,-' 
 "i mentioning names wiiere i)Ossible. 18s0. 
 
 fcive an outline of the political history of England during tho reign of 
 liirles II. 1886. 
 
 lite an article on James I and his favorites, and show wiiat iiilluenee 
 T\emment by favorites had on English Constitutional History. 18S6. 
 
 ie an account of the legal establishment of religious toleration in 
 Iglaiul. 1880. 
 
 |ritea brief article on the constitutional history of the reign of Williinn 
 18Sb, 
 
 Iwwas the Peace of Utrecht brought alwut? What were tlie terms cif 
 t: Peace? IH86. 
 
 piteanaccountof Cromwell's rule as Protector commenting on lii-; 
 ■atment of Parliament. 1,SS7. 
 
 Itetlu' principal provisions of the Declaration of Kigiits. 1887. 
 
 I»v was the Act of Union, 1707, brought alxjut? State its main i.ro- 
 lioiis. 1887. 
 
 I'lie wonderful activity of directly scientific thought which di.stin- 
 Jislii'd the Age of the Restoration."— Greeu. Describe and illustrate in 
 Itliuo this activity. 1888. 
 
 krilie briedv and generallv the relations between King and Parlia- 
 pt in the reigu of James I. 1S8,S. 
 
 htion the chief legislative enactments of the reign of William III, 
 lit'lly exi)laining each. 1888. 
 
 fetch concisely the character of Weiitworth ( l/ird stralTonl). How 
 »she regarded by his sovereign ? 1889, 
 
 l»iwrit)e penerally the condition of England from a eonimer( ial <>r 
 liimial jMiint of view, in the time of Charles I. To what cause would 
 lu k- iiicliued to attribute that condition ? 188!>. 
 
 fcinark briefly on Cromwell's foreign policy. 188',). 
 IVrite brief critical or explanatory notes on each of the following — 
 lie liintau emigration to Now England, .Self -renouncing onlinanee, 
 >trumeut of Government, 10j3, Test Act KiT.i, Haln-as Corpus Act. 
 fiive a short account of the more iMi|K)rtant diihculties, both foreign 
 I'l'lc.i'iestic. with which the Conimonwealtli during the hrst stages of 
 f«istence had to wmtend. 1H!)(). 
 
 Till' RestonJtloii brought Charles to Whit*>hal! and in uu i'lstai't " 
 x'^rcen, '-the whole face of England was ciuinged." E.xnlain an<l 
 pi'lify this statement. -^SIK). 
 
i64 
 
 9'J. Give an 
 
 STUART PERIOD. 
 
 sjss/IE^^"''- «i"^^""S"..!i:f "'■ '■■ '"•''"'" 
 
 causes and 
 
 lurin 
 
 '1 !£■ MKn".l;";;;;,','r"Slfv;' ""; "■,?'«'*| '■""'»■' a.»iisi, „ 
 
 ■ 101. 
 
 ill!,' 
 Acts 
 
 the battle of Nas..|, ' ^ 
 urge,' 
 
 of 
 liar 
 (li 
 lie 
 
 ' 10.-.. Describe tlie Act of Unifonnirv ^^i^l] ^-"""^"- -iS'Jl. 
 
 possible, -ui tbecoS.!;;;^ssiffivaKJi;"°};^;^'-" 
 
 "l^Sia^l^ElSaSif^o. aspects wMch ^auU 
 
 presd 
 
 Hist 7,;: 'B^f^rr ;lir;.;::''S:S";^l- f-^^" ternaries a,,ui 
 
BUITISH HISTORY IN BRIEF. 
 
 165 
 
 physical scifiia 
 
 i EiiKlaiul of Will 
 
 IGivea succinct account of the causes, character, ami extent of the 
 iritaii emigration to New England in the reign of Chark's I. 1W)2. 
 
 |jkel<:li the history of the Parliament of lO.Vl, describing (") the causes 
 
 I occiision of its convening ; (h) its constitution and ix)\vi'rs ; (c) its 
 
 Bcof action and what it accomplished ; {d) its conllict with the Pro- 
 
 fctor; (c) theelTects of its dissolution (1) up<mtlie jxilicy of Cromwell 
 
 ujjon the ixilitical convictions of the people. 1892. 
 iijive a prraphic account of the personal rule of Cromwell from the 
 Ijijlutionof the 1st Protectorate Parliament (.Ian. lO'w) until his death, 
 ^iiig special reference {n) to what he accomplished for tlie " heal- 
 ;and settling" of the internal affairs of the tliree kingdoms; {>>) to 
 tailministration r)f foreign affairs. In your answer show whenun you 
 Ink his policy, whether domestic or foreign, was blamalile or praise- 
 khy. 1892. 
 
 [Give an account of the 1st Parliament of Charles II (the Convention 
 pliainent) showing especially (a) the cause and manner of its conven- 
 (')) the part it took in the restoration of the nionareiiy and the 
 Itiictiim of penalties on those concerned in the late King's fleatli ; 
 whiit it did towards readjusting and settling the resjxictive rights of 
 Itlie crown and the people. 1892. 
 
 J Portray the influence of Puritanism upon the social life, and moral 
 jid religious character of the people during the pt^riod of its sway, 
 llcotiug as tyiKis : Col. Hutchinson, Milton, Cromwell, Bunyan. ]K!)2. 
 j-Veiition the six battles that in your opinion were of the most imi>ort- 
 lice in the i)eriod 14S5-1688; deseril)0 particularly where tliey were 
 liiulit, between what forces, under wliat leaders, for what causes, ftiKl 
 ntli what results. Descritx; also why they were important and why in 
 pur opinion they should be considered as the six most important 
 littles of the period. 1892. 
 
 [«) Describe concisely the principal provisions of the Bill of Rights, 
 1, and show why it was necessary tf) put these X)rovisions in the form 
 laStatute. (h) DescrilKJ concisely the means taken during the reign 
 [WiUiajn III to secure (1) the meeting of Parliament at least once a 
 EJir; (2) the control of Parliament over the army ; (3) the keeping of 
 Wiainent in accord with the opinions of the j)eoitle ; (4) the freedom 
 Ithe press ; f5) the Independence of the judiciary ; ((i) the mainten- 
 nceof the coinage of the realm at its proper staiulard of weight and 
 trity. 1892. 
 
 Itel^ch the character and the militarv career of Marlboro. What do 
 k think are the lessons to be deduced from a stu < 1 y of his life ? 18',»2. 
 Ifrite accounts concisely describing (1) the origin in England of 
 pe system of government by party cabinets; (2) tlie foundation of the 
 ank of England; (;j) the beginning of the present National Debt. 
 fi'-crihe also how it is that the National Debt has come to be in some 
 |s|xi('ts a great national convenience and a safeguard to the nation in 
 Vor of stability of government. 1892. 
 
 "ketch the character of Ashley Cooper, ^rl of Shaftesbury, and 
 jesfTilic concisely his iKjliticnl :>areer : (a) jirior to the Restoration ; (/>) 
 rliile in oi)positiou to Clarendon; {r) as ■>• i 'nnber of tlie Cal«il : (il) 
 fliiie in o]i|)osltiou to Danbv ; (e) as Loi.- -resident of tlie King's 
 "iiiipj!. IfSTO ; < f) iv<^m bis dismissal from '. •: mn-AX until h.is niL'ht to 
 
 I'liuul and death. 1893. 
 
i66 
 
 .^TL.iRT PKRIOD. 
 
 * 125. Name, aii.l explain the intent -r \ ^^^ chaiiKwl 
 
 VnilitfJ?;\;:S,"^,a^^^^ reality («) from lr,,,)toi 
 
 (on- . K ,n wealth SysU'm li tlio AVrhf ii^'^^ °^ ^'^^ despot. ' ' ' iVsefJ 
 resu.u.ofthes^^stcmo?KVSnStr^ Whaul 
 
 froii. the ni.,ral, the reliuious Z./'i^J^r.^ "^V""^ ^^^ Comn.oi J 
 * 127. What efTeet had the wrkoyth^Trnin ,?"'"* °'^'^^^''^2 
 s...s.stn,g hetwoen .he IiuTl''y'£oi?rinrttTo*ure"ord 
 
 More. VVyatt, CardinJl i'o4, "lll^L^^t bTS. tS^kirErV^.J 
 
 * '"^^^Ui^ Z?ci:i(l ^STl^lHir *^« *«-^^ of the „,. 
 understand the loiie mrliRUw J!lo*^® temper of the kiiiR t .■ ,^ 
 of .Faines's reiJii H»tHn Vn„T"^'"^^^*^"*^'ct which occuDie, , \ 
 
 nwievy the re'h'tion^bet e^n 'the to^Holf J"^^^^ 
 
 tiio iustorv of the con/lir-f HrJ ^ •? '^^'^*"d the Crown ■ >1 
 
 ■•relation.^-- and u' ''t. m.H.r '^f* f^^scribing clearly and co Ipi J 
 Ki'i^'.- <iive also in e .Stion vith"?hrf " '^"/^he •' t^n ^ . 
 
 Politi ;^l'yj:f„!',;;:ta^^^^^ and appliH . 
 
 constitutional proiwtion " ^tot !h i ■} "^^ 'J« •^''Hed the dor'tr 
 statesman wlm li^,hn'l:n>,,„'?.!?':!^'l2'"efly the life and cham'S, 
 
 statesman who 
 aceonnt of the 
 to. 1895. 
 
 1.^ the snhjoft of the a 
 clT •■ itnstanee "and ♦ 
 
 ■♦^.Ye remark, and give a I 
 "doctrine" therein J 
 
 play 111 UK Ilcvolullo.i ol "mi' im ' ' '''" '^^"o'' "• * 
 
 taS:'&i,^t,',„y:"K. *™' > ' 4°w>ss; """ 
 
 * VM. Locate and write brici hutririnoi 
 
 Antwerp. Breda, (^adl^i'a U^('Ss^■^ ,^^^^ fo" 
 
 Othennpiy. i„ch Levi-n. lAnie Naseln W^V-^'^I!^'*' ^"n'^ar, 
 uruz. Hcdgemoor. Taunton. ^^^"^c^;:!^:'^Sn!''^t 
 
 
BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIEF. 
 
 167 
 
 the ■powers and fimpii, 
 ■e, were fully and 
 .mmons. (b) Wlmtn 
 vnciul were the (iw 
 of these chaii^rw 
 )f, tile actb against 
 
 ity (o) from lf>49tnlj 
 e of the Rump I'arliaj 
 '<! onlybythewisdol 
 le despot.'" iVscrja 
 tatements. WhatmJ 
 uring the Comn.oiiwJ 
 ■I pomtof view? m 
 .rliament on the rclj 
 the House of Coinn 
 
 owing, and estimate I 
 history: Wolscv 
 i'yai, Fairfax, \\iii,i 
 
 temper of the nara 
 
 of. the king, tliativ3 
 
 'j'P'i occupied ttiei 
 
 eJJigihle we must I 
 
 ind the Crown " 
 
 learly and conoisdi 
 
 and the"teniiicr.i 
 
 egoing a brief accoJ 
 
 oke. 18'.».5. ^ 
 
 pered and applie<| „ 
 
 )e '"ailed the iloctnl 
 
 life and character J 
 
 emack, and give a] 
 
 2triiie " therein rei 
 
 1,35, Olve a brief account of the reign of William III w) far ne, it mav 1« 
 described under the following heads :— (a) The attitude of the various 
 religious bodies towards the Crown, in England, Seolland, Ireland, (h) 
 The Civil War in Ireland, (c) The National Debt, ((i) The lUink of 
 England, (c) Rise of Party Government. {/ j iroreign politicj!. (g) 
 Personal character of the King. 1895. 
 
 138. Describe the "New Model" from a military, a political, and a 
 religious jxiint of view, and give a concise account of its political con- 
 duct from the battle of Naseby to the execution of Charles J. Name 
 some of the moving spirits of the New Mo<lel. 1896. 
 I* 137. Explain the intent and scope of the Act of Uniformity of 1662, des- 
 ' cribing the conditions whi(!h made it jio.ssible, the respective attitudes 
 of the King, Lords and Commons towards the Bill, and the results, 
 religious and political, that flowed from it. 1896. 
 
 |«i;{.H. "No part of his policy is more characteristic of Cromwell's mind 
 whether in its stn ngth or in its weakness, than his management of 
 foreign affairs." Discuss the historical value of this statement. 1897. 
 
 * 13.1. Describe the "Puritan Ideal " of life and government, and contrast it 
 with the actual condition of affairs following the Restoration. To what 
 extent did the reaction make itself felt in the country at large ? 1897. 
 
 «140. (a) Distinguish Ijctween the Declaration of Rights and the Rill of 
 Rights. (6) MenMon the fundamental principles of government set 
 forth in the met. ire, the constitutional (ihanges introduced thereby, 
 and also those flo> ';ig from it after it came into effect. 1897. 
 
 * 141. Discuss the mai.- nstitutional features involve<l in the execution of 
 
 Charles I, the deiK)h. on of James II, and the crowning of William III. 
 1898. 
 
 142. Write explanatory lu • s on : The Constitutions of Claren<lon, the 
 Habeas Corpus Act, 1 .e -Vuw Lt'arning, the National Debt, uw Cniou 
 Jnck. 1898. 
 
 * 148. Give a conci.se account of tl fowing power of the House of < om- 
 
 mons during the first half of tin vent<'enth century. 189(>. 
 
 * 114. Write historical notes on: (a) The (.nmd Alliance, (b) The l\wc of 
 
 Ryswick, (c) The Act of Settlement, ((<) The Peace of Utrecht. 1899. 
 
 Press during the r 
 e effect of rei.miin 
 I freedt ;.u ih%. 
 
 )ra the " Invitatin 
 the English ar. 
 
 wing, with an esi 
 ine.<f :— Bacon liur^ 
 , Monmoutl 
 
 ten of the foliuwa 
 eda, Dunbar I 
 rhara, Roche Me 
 itpheu. ISdo. 
 
•fj 
 
 ^- «' 
 
 I ill 
 
 HANOVERIAN PERIOD. 
 
 Chas. I 
 Chas. II 
 
 Klizalxith+ElectorWiHtine 
 
 Mnry+ivin. in 
 
 I «f Orange ^ft^Vnm^:;- 1 
 
 - ' I 
 
 Wm.IlI George I 
 
 I Jas. Stuart 
 I (I'reteiKler) 
 
 Anne 
 
 „ ' T 
 
 Oeo. IV Wm. IV 
 
 Oeorg-e II 
 
 Fred. Pr. of WhIl-s 
 G^Gorg•e III 
 
 I>uke of Kent 
 
 Victoria 
 
 n. Effects Of the Hanoverian s„« . 
 
 1 The first 2 G Swccession :- 
 
 Cro^n; inS'^i ^IZfTtL^T'^^ of the 
 
 2 p*^,^^""»e Minister * ^^^ ^^"^'nons. the Cabinet 
 
 168 
 
 (b) W{ 
 
 (f) Ma 
 
 {(f) Im 
 
 (^') The 
 a c: 
 
 (/) Wj 
 
 (^) Th 
 of( 
 
 ma: 
 che 
 
 [i) The 
 171J 
 
 by I 
 
 U) Imp 
 for] 
 
 f/t) Wal 
 I7i( 
 
 year 
 
 (/) Payt 
 
 The Sout: 
 
 {n) Prop( 
 
 Natu 
 
 ment 
 
 Seas. 
 
■'^w «' 
 
 BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIEF. 
 
 ick or Guelph 
 
 ih+Klector Paliitine 
 
 i;rn.8ophia+EJ(>,.tor 
 fe of Hano\tr 
 
 fll G-eorg-e I 
 
 Oeorg-e ll 
 
 PTed. Pr. ll WHie, 
 
 I>uke of Kent 
 "Victoria 
 
 a:— 
 
 >ower of the 
 . the Cabinet, 
 
 partiality to 
 ars. 
 
 of Govern - 
 
 169 
 
 The Pretender (James Stuart) :— 
 Rebellion of 1716 ; 
 
 *"' sSTri?/™':?,/^^*'- ■ ""f"' « ""'ton and 
 
 iTalpole:— 
 
 Rise to power : 
 
 ^'^ his^'e^ite' ^^"^^^' ^- ^- ^- Pocketborough on 
 ih) Walpole's support of the Act of Settlement, 1701 
 KC) Marlboro Administration : Walpole. Secretary of 
 
 [d] Impeachment of Sacheverell by the Whig Ministry 
 
 ^ ; I ^"^V" P°^^^ '• Walpole sent to the Tower on 
 a charge of corruption as late Secretary of War 
 (/ Walpole's opposition to the Treaty of Utrecht 
 ^^^ToeorgeT'"''-' ^^^P^^^'^ «»I«^ort of the claims 
 
 ■"^^ nSf of iL^F^ ^^"^'J5/ ^714 : Walpole, Pay- 
 Tequer, 1/15' *"'''^- Ch-"<^-'Jor of^he pi- 
 
 iO The Pretender : Crush of the rebellion. Riot Act 
 irmillLVytr '"^ ^^ ^'^ ««^« - ^^^^-"^' 
 
 ^'■^ foThfg^hreln^.' ^^^'^^^^' Bolingbroke, Ormond, 
 
 (k) WalDole in opposition, over the Septennial Act 
 years. ""^ ""''"^^"'^ '^^ "^^ ^^ Parliamentio 7' 
 
 (/) Paymaster of the Forces, 1720. 
 The South Sea Bubble : 
 
 {a) Proposal of the South Sea Co. to reduce the 
 National Debt and to furnish money to the Govern 
 ment. ,^ return for monopoly of trJde i Uhe So'uh 
 
 ; I 
 
'■: 
 
 ■..,m& 
 
 
 
 '1'Jm 
 
 
 ;'l 
 
 m 
 
 
 ,1 
 
 i 
 
 M 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 170 
 
 
 'i 
 
 I *1 
 
 ft 
 
 HANOVERIAN PERIOD. 
 
 ^^^ ^r^,'^!'''' investment in the scheme • AV« 
 protest against the swindle ^"^^^ . \\a 
 
 (^/) Walpole's financial relief measures for the sui 
 
 3. Walpole's Administration, 1720-1742: 
 
 {a) TToreign policy : 
 
 (1) "The first and greatest of England's 
 Ministers." ^ 
 
 (2) Abidance of war with Spain over Cih- 
 1720; of Polish War I7%^ nfvS 
 over Austrian Successioi'a'?,d Falntf 
 of France and Spain. ' 
 
 i^) Colonial policy : 
 
 (<■) Domestic Policy: 
 
 ^ '^ loutfi^ir^ Kn^land-s great Finance Min,, 
 AUnUi;^^^^^""'^' ^'^^'«e Bill (with, 
 
 (2) Great reforms : Removal of commercial 
 tions greater freedom of *:he press ,1 
 of order public justice. persoLTlibim 
 England's great prosperity : Develonn, 
 SnarrZ^'"''' ag,?cult^re. mam! 
 
 of a^H'vS !L /• ^r ''. "'""terrupted enj 
 or all civil and religious rights '' 
 
 (4) K«t-''l>HsHment of the Hanoverian dyn J 
 ' '') The Patriots : ' 
 
 (r) Walpole's system of bribery and corn., 
 
 ^V lug nomination boroughs ' 
 
 (2) Jealousy of power ; dismissal of colle.gu, 
 
 (y 
 
 (3) 
 
 Walpol 
 
 il The O] 
 
 I. Reas 
 sin< 
 
 («) 
 (*) 
 
IXOD. 
 
 the scheme : W, 
 
 B, 
 
 ailure of the Coititi 
 leasures for the suj 
 
 720-1742: 
 
 est of England' 
 
 1 Spain over GihJ 
 1733 ; of Freiictl 
 >n and Family Cm 
 
 onial trade with! 
 products and trad] 
 
 eat Finance Mini 
 ^ise Bill (with,! 
 les, Reduction 
 
 of commercial i 
 f *he press, j)roii 
 personal liberty 
 rity : Developniej 
 ulture, nianiifad 
 Peace at horad 
 iterrupted eiijoil 
 rights." 
 
 overian dynastjl 
 
 BRITISH HISTORY IN nRIRp, 
 
 171 
 
 ^^^ Wm ^^PH?*' °'' f^P^^s^^e y«"ng Whigs under 
 poHcy ""' • ^"^'^^ ^" Walpole's 
 
 (e) Fall of Walpole : 
 
 (1) Loss, by death, of Queen Caroline, the most 
 brilliant woman of her age, 1737. 
 
 (2) Opposition of George II, the Prince of Wales 
 Thomson, Johnson, Swift, Pope. ' 
 
 (3) Opposition of the Patriots : Charges of bribery 
 of inaction, and of cowardice in his war policy' 
 
 (4) f ""fers of Walpole's incapable colleagues- 
 
 the House'"' °^ '^'° ' '"'^^"""^ "'^J^"^- •»' 
 
 (/) Character and influence of Walpole • Practicil 
 skilful, tactful, methodical in business clen J' 
 headed, clear and sound in judgment" strmur" 
 
 a corrup age A business manager, a neirotiator 
 
 fSLhu" '• " Tin '; "^'^^'^^ '''' advance^neTof 
 r^ngiand Walpole's foundation of Emrland's 
 commercial greatness. " Advance of the cmn irv 
 in prosperity by leaps and bounds, " country 
 
 >ery and cormil 
 lis. 
 
 ssal of colle, 1^111 
 
 B-'lEORaEll.-,727.i760. 
 Walpole (Sne IV. Geo. i.). 
 The Great Religrious Revival :- 
 
 ' ^nrjeSS^"^'^"^'' "^°^"^ ^^^ '^'^^'ou. decline 
 ''' ^SiSJe^^^thlS^J'^ Whig parti^n 
 
 ( c) beparation of religious and political affairs. 
 
I i m 
 
 172 
 
 ijt'i 
 
 HANOVERIAN PERIOD. 
 
 2. The Revival : 
 
 {a) John Wesley, the organizer-evangelist. 
 {f>) Chas. Wesley, the poet-evangelist. 
 (r) Geo. Whitfield, the orator-evangelist. 
 
 3. Fruits of the Revival : 
 
 {a) Awakening of the Established Church 
 i^) Reform of moral and literary standards 
 (r) Social awakening or " The New Philanthropy •• 
 (r) Prison Reforms: John Howard. 
 
 (2) Penal Reforms : Hannah More. 
 
 (3) Abolition of the Slave Trade : Wilberfcrce 
 Pitt the younger, Clarkson, Burke Fox 
 
 (4) Kstablishment of Missions, Hospitals Chan 
 ties. an,l Sunday Schools ( Robert RaikesV 
 
 (5) Education of the masses. 
 
 Ill War of the Austrian ^ 
 
 (Prelude to the vSeven W>- ., 
 
 -nession, 1740-1748 
 
 I .1 
 
 I. Cause : 
 
 («) The will (Pragmatic ^.. .ction) of Charles VI .,1 
 Austria leaving dominions to Maria Th res . 1 
 dauj^hter. Guarantee of the Uty^^^:'^ 
 
 (/') Breach of the guarantee by France Fred^nVt fl 
 
 2. The War: 
 
 ^^^ ml^'^U^2liT'l'Z 'V^'' ^^'•- Resignation,! 
 
 [fi) English victory at Dettlngen. 1743. evacuit^ 
 of (.ennany by the French. ' ^"^"'"' 
 
 (r) Charles Edward Stuart 's invasion of England , - „ 
 ('/) «-'feat of the English at Fontanoy. ,745' ' 
 
BRITISH HISTORY IN URIKF. 
 
 173 
 
 ilist. 
 ist. 
 
 irch. 
 :lards. 
 
 lilanthropy " 
 1. 
 
 i : Wilberforce, 
 irke, Fox. 
 
 'ospitals, Chari. 
 ert Raikes). 
 
 n, 1740- 1 748 1 
 
 Charles VI „f 
 ia Theresa, liis| 
 by France and 
 
 Frederick dtl 
 of the KUctor 
 
 the yueen ofl 
 
 Resignation, 
 o Prussia. 
 
 '3 ; evacuati ml 
 
 England, 1745,1 
 I74S. 
 
 4. 
 
 3. Results: Peace of Aix-Ia-Chapelle, 1748. 
 
 {a) Kxchange of conquests by Kngland and France 
 (/>) Abandonment of the Stuart cause by France, 
 (r) Increase of England's power on the seas 
 Continuation of the War in India and in America • 
 {a) Chve's foundation of England's Indian Empire, 
 
 ib) Braddock's defeat in America, 1755 
 IV. The Young Pretender (Charles Edward Stuart) •- 
 I. Rebellion of 1745-6: 
 
 (a) War of the Austrian Succession. Wreck of 
 Charles' French Fleet. 
 
 ^^^ Su^^g^h.^*""'" ^^'"'^^'^ ^'^ ^""^^^'"^'- ^^-^^^^^^on 
 
 {c) Victory at Prestonpans, 1745. 
 
 {d) Invasion of England : seizure of Carlisle ; failure 
 of English support. 
 
 (f) Retreat into vScotland ; victory at Falkirk, 1746 
 (/) Defeat at Cullodcn, 1746: Charles a fuLMtivt.- • 
 e.scape to France. ■ ' 
 
 I V. The Seven Years' War, 1756-1763 : - 
 
 1. Causes ; 
 
 [a) Rivalry of England and France. 
 {!>) French encroachments in India and in America 
 (r) Alliance of France. Au.stria, Spain. Russia, Sax- 
 ony, against England and l'tu.s.sia. 
 
 2. The War in Europe, America, India : 
 1756. Newcastle's Administration. Ix>ss of Minorca 
 
 to the Eng.ish ; execution of Admiral Hyng. Fred- 
 erick's sei/.nre of Drwden. The Frencli masters 
 
 r..ui,^^r^''^"^^;,^^.^'° '''"'' Mississii)pi Vailey.s. 
 The Black Hole of Calcutta. 
 
 1757; Pitt's Ailministration. dive's re-capture - 
 
 h:\\^!;!,''^;Vi'Li:'i'!':>'__"L,»'»«*"y; c«m,nest of 
 
 of the Duke of Cumberland to allow tKwh 
 
174 
 
 HANOVERIAN PRRIOD. 
 
 army to occupy Hanover ; refusal of Pitt to recog I 
 mze It. Frederick's victory at Praeue • mister vA 
 Bohemia; defeat at Kolin"; retreKtoTaxc n 
 victory at RoSdbach over the French, victory at 
 Uuthen over the Austrians. ■ ' 
 
 1758. Frederick's defeat of the Russians at Zorndorf 
 and his defeat by the Austrians at Hochklrch 
 Capture of Loulsburg, Cape Breton, by Amherst 
 
 wihSr •' °' '^^^^^ ''"^"^^"^ ^> ^-^- s 
 
 1759- English victory over the French at Hinden 
 Boscawen's naval victory over the French off 
 if ^2^' ^^^wke's naval victory over the French in 
 
 1760. Death of George II. Capture of Hontreal,, 
 Chve's victories in India. New Family Compact of 
 France and Spain against England ^ I 
 
 I 761 George IIPs refusal of Pitt's policy of imme.liate 
 Premier' ^'^'''- ^"^'S"^^^"" ^^ P^^t ; I^rd But'| 
 
 176a. Refusal of support to Frederick. War wilhl 
 Spain Peace of rtubertsburg (between Fr u 
 and Prussia): Frederick's retention of |i?,^" 
 
 Fre^ h/wP\T r "^^ Ph»"PP«ne8. "avana. some 
 French West Indies, and Spanish treasure- ships ' 
 xlesults : 
 
 1763 Peace of Paris : 
 
 (a) H"glai»l to obtain Canada, Cape Breton St 1 
 John's Prince Edward Is.). Tobago. Domi.li 
 St. Vincent, Grenada, Senegal, Minorca 
 Florida and all French possessions east of the 
 Mississippi, except New Orleans. I 
 
 (A) France to obtain Guadaloupe. Martinico, Iklle 
 
 md'in.h r^V/'^'/i'' ^'^' "^ Newfoundlandl 
 
 to evacuate India | 
 
 ^'■^ ^;; 1" "^\^^''%\^'^. Philippines and Havan. iJ 
 exchange for Florida. I 
 
BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIEF. 
 
 175 
 
 and Havati I 
 
 WilUam Pitt, Lord Chatham. 1734-1778 - 
 
 I;. Early Career : 
 
 ..) |lucatioa^at Oxford. Whig Me,nber for Old 
 
 ic) Carteret's Administration, 1742- 1744. 
 id) l\ Iham's Admi.Jstration, 1744-1754 
 
 (1) Pitt, Vice-Treasurer for Ireland 
 
 (2) Paymaster of the Forces, 1746. 
 
 (3) Reform of the calendar 1751 
 
 Pitt's Administration, 1786-1761 • 
 
 "" Ita'.e.'"''" "' "" ^°"""""» •■"■<1 Secretary .,f 
 I *) England's trinmph,, i„ theg«at S.,e„ Years' W„. 
 (') Dismissal of Pitt by the „„frie,„Ily (Jeorge II 
 "" PUtt'oS.""'"*''""' ^ '"■'"«'■»"= -'oration "f 
 
 "■' t1;etif,™';rof"hr,"' '"• ""« Com™.„er 
 
 (1 ) Pitt's able direction of thfr. \x/.... . • i 
 generals a.ul adimJak ' ^''^ ^^"'^"^ ^^ 
 
 (2) Conquest of Benifal 17C7 Piff-c „ •. 
 
 and her lead in Kuropeiln Coundhi!" ^"^^^'^'^ 
 
176 
 
 si^ 
 
 (6) 
 
 (7) 
 
 HANOVERIAN PERIOD. 
 
 (5) England's balance of power- Pitt's 
 influence on the whole course of Fum 
 politics. - 
 
 Treaty of Paris, 1763 : England's new audi 
 territories. ' 
 
 "Pitt the statesman of Greater Britain 
 most powerful minister that ever guided! 
 foreign policy of England. " 
 (/) Accession of George III, 1760. Lord Bute 
 ite, forced into the Ministry by the King ' 
 (A'-) Family compact of France and Spain n,J 
 England P,tl.'s resignation over the Km^l 
 fusal of War with Spain. Bute, Premier i" 6,] 
 Measures advocated by Chatham : 
 (u) Freedom of the Press. 
 ,/^) Greater freedon, for the Colonies: Repeal oj 
 Stamp Act ai.d all taxes, recall of troops co 
 ation of colonial charters. ^ 
 
 IJf>ertyof the subject against arbitrary i,„,„ 
 
 ^'^^ t'^^A^^'^T"^ ""^ '^^ commercial, industriall 
 middle classes. 
 
 Chatham and the American War : 
 
 ^''Slf"':, .^'?"'^'^" "\^KH""«e of Lords thrd 
 illness Townshend's imposition of a tax J 
 and other commodities, 1767. ' 
 
 {&) Pitt's eloquent appeals against the g(,vt-riJ 
 policy in the contest with America. 1 
 
 (^) Death of Pitt. 1778. Burial in Westminster Abl 
 
 ^d^I*^' f °^**^am : Often inconsistent, i„i| 
 .ible, overbeanug, violent, vindictive, u itrratl 
 po.njK,u8, affected, yet pure, honest, publ c-spintJ 
 se fish, energetic, patriotic. " f lie Lt to Kl 
 
 Ihe StaTe"r l'\^" '^" ^"^ "'^ paramounlT- ' 
 w!l,5!l ' "*^ *".".'^' '^ throughout his caroe 
 
 1 eople , Pitt, one invfii hxr fi'" o„...,i„ *_ <, ,.• I 
 „_. ^ t.,, i t-j'pifc lu the ivin^j 
 
 (n 
 
BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIEF. 
 
 ^77 
 
 Jgland's new audi 
 
 p. The Enerlish in India :- 
 
 I. Review : 
 
 1700 Three English trading-posts • Forf m r- 
 2. Clive in India : 
 
 *'' SlLtS'^fit.''" ^™*- «="=' '"-"g" "is 
 
 (3) Dupleix's defeat in two hattles. 
 
 (4) Peace in India, 1754. 
 
 [c) Clive's ill-health ; in England 
 
 (^) "The Black Hole of Calcutta." 1756 
 (/) dive's re-capture of Calcutta, 1757. 
 ix:) Clive's victory at Plasaev f^n-, . r^ 
 
 Bengal; Kngllh pow^J^.t^^dla'^s.^preS;"'^"^-^^ "^ 
 [h) Chves re-organization of India, " Regulation Act. 
 
 ^'^ ^'irT?';"*'''*''' ^"""^''- Supreme Court for 
 all the British poasessions 
 
 (2) I'rohibition of trade with the natives by tbe 
 olficers or by servants of the East In.ha 2. 
 
 (3) Bntish Government's ri^dit to annul ,.r .,i....t 
 iiic measurea ui the Council. "" ' ^ 
 
 :iZ\ 
 
178 
 
 7- 
 
 HANOVERIAN PERIOD. 
 
 \. Warren Hastings, 1st Gov. -Gen., 1773-1785: 
 
 (a) Establishment of direct rule of the East Indil 
 over Bengal. 
 
 {d) Plans for the subjugation of all India for BriJ 
 
 (c) Services of the Co. 's army to crush the Rohillasl 
 warlike mountain tribe. f 
 
 (d) Defeat of the Mahrattas, the allies of the Frenj 
 {c) Annexation and plunder of the sacred citv 
 
 tsenares. 
 
 (/) Annexation of the province of Oude. 
 
 U) Sir Eyre Coote's defence of Hadras against t 
 trench ally, Hyder AH. ^ ■ 
 
 (A) Impeachment and trial of Hastings T7.S6.ra 
 acquittal. ' ' '" 
 
 Fox's India Bill, 1783 : Transfer of the East U 
 
 miUli^^" \ ^^■r".^°"^""««*«"^'"«- Defeat of 
 Bill in the Lords. Resignation of the Ministry. 
 
 Pitt;s India Bill, 1784 : Board of Directors A 
 
 From Privv r'^"'"rr^^' P^^^'-^' ^^«° Board of Co, 
 trom 1 rivy Council to approve or annul the Directol 
 acts. In force till the Indian Mutiny, ,857 since hi 
 pure governmental control. ^' ' • 
 
 Revolt of Tippoo Sahib, successor to Hyder Ali 
 Mysore, 1797-8 : ^.y^ici nu 
 
 (a) Endeavor to drive out the English. 
 (d) Death of Tippoo in a siege. Annexation of Mys 
 The Acquisition of India : 
 
 ^''^T,!^tv^^VfH•^^^"^,^"^?^'■^^ No great natJ 
 
 Zf/^f f '"^^^"'^ °^ '"^^^t^- ^«<^^«. creeds i? 
 
 state ot anarchy. 
 
 ^*^ iTi'TleStce^ ^^^^""^ - ^"»*^"^^'« fi'-«t miKta'^y sj 
 (r) The East India Co. and England : 
 
 (1) Tile Co.'s troop.s as.Hsted by Roval troops 
 
 (2) Attacks in Parliament on the Co. 
 
 vsol 
 
 8 The -In 
 
 {a) El 
 na 
 
 (/>) El 
 18 
 
 (0 In 
 El 
 
 id) Ei 
 ni( 
 
 /: 
 
 (e) Ini 
 Ht 
 
 (/) Th 
 int 
 
 i.Q) Da 
 ho! 
 hoi 
 
 (//) Vi< 
 
 (/) To- 
 
 £rc 
 efl 
 ma 
 wit 
 cd« 
 
1773-1785: 
 
 the E;ast India 
 
 India for BritaJ 
 ush the RohillasJ 
 
 lies of the Frencj 
 he sacred citv 
 
 )ude. 
 
 adras against tj 
 
 istings, T7S6-1; 
 
 of the Rast Ind 
 irs. Defeat of 
 e Ministry. 
 
 3f Directors wi 
 3 Board of Contj 
 nul the Direct(L 
 ^ 1857 ; since th| 
 
 to Hyder Alii 
 
 ixation of Mysc 
 
 o great natioij 
 races, creeds in 
 
 irst military stj 
 
 loyal troops. 
 Co. 
 
 BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIEF. j^q 
 
 (3) Regulation Act of Parliament, 1773. 
 
 (4) Impeachment and trial of Hasting.s as a gov- 
 ernment official. ^ *'^ 
 
 (5) ^"'J'j'',?^"^ of I^ox and Pitt for the government 
 
 (6) The Co. 's territorial acquisitions under control 
 ot Parliament : the English nation behind the 
 Company. 
 
 (7) Indian Mutiny, 1S57. The Co.'s formal sur- 
 render of India to the English Government. 
 
 (S) Direction of Indian affairs by a Cabinet Minis- 
 ter, Secretary for India, since 1857. 
 
 8. The -Indian Empire : 
 
 ^"^ n^Tsiat^t"^ "^ '''^"'""^^ ascendancy over the 
 (/>) England's supreme position in India attained in 
 
 (r) India's climate, an in.surmountable barrier to 
 Enghshmen. 
 
 Un England's income through interchange of com- 
 modities, trade and investments in India 
 /75,ooo,ooo a year. ^' 
 
 (e) India's population and area equal to that of all 
 Europe, except Russia. 
 
 (/) The natives of India as diverse in race relitrion 
 interests as Europe. ' '^''"^"*"' 
 
 (.C) I>a"gers to India : Revolts of fanatical tribes, 
 
 hS!^ f a"'!- "^^'^^' ^'' f^'-^^'g" domination 
 hostility of Asiatic powers, particularly Russia. 
 
 (//) Victoria, Empress of India, 1877. 
 
 (/) T(vdayin India : Order, stability, industry, peace 
 prosperity ; gradual extirpation of the ol,l dark 
 heathenish superstitions of Rrahmans and Mu.ssul- 
 "lans . intnHluction of the civilization of tlie West ' 
 with Its goyernnient, its science, its relitfion. it«i 
 cuucatiou. ^bcc Victoria XI. j 
 
I 
 
 i8o 
 
 HANOVERIAN PERIOD. 
 C.-QCORQS III. 1760-1620. 
 
 American colonists ^^ ^^ ^^^""^ ^'■^^^. coercion] 
 
 11 Industrial Condition of England :- 
 
 steani-enjrine, 1769 
 
 {a) Use of coal for smelting purposes. 
 i^j) Bnd^rewater's canal system, 1758 
 
 Sji'u/Sck! ''"'= development of agricultu 
 
 III. John WUk0B and Press Liberty • - 
 
 warrant. * '•peech. Arrest on a geiie^ 
 
 Freeclon, of Wilkes nnder the Habeas Cotpns Act I 
 
 s^ra^riiTo^^ 
 
 '■ '"mgrto"Fr'7ncr"^-°'""""-y "S"'-' Wilke.s. „| 
 
 3- 
 
 4. 
 
 f- 
 
BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIEF. 
 
 I8l 
 
 nt of a^riculturt 
 
 nst Wilkes. HI 
 
 9. Wilkes a London alderman. Quarrel between the City 
 
 and Parliament over the liberty of the press I „^ 
 prisonment of the Lord Mayor. ^ 
 
 10. Triumph of Wilkes : 
 
 (a) Election for Middlesex, a fifth time. Seat in the 
 House. 
 
 Regular reports of proceedings of 
 without interference. 
 
 
 Beginnings of modern newspapers- 
 Chronicle:' 1770. " Times,'' 1772 
 
 Parliament, 
 " B taming 
 
 I. 
 
 {d) Erskine's support of Fox's Libel Act, 1792, giving 
 to juries the right to decide on the criminalitv of 
 
 3. llDCl, 
 
 . The English in America :— 
 
 Era of Explorations, 16th Century : 
 
 (a) Pre-Columbian Discoveries claimed by the Basques 
 Normans, Weigh, Irish and Scandinavians ; ^cln- 
 jecture not history. No undisputed traces of Norse 
 occupation in America. 
 
 {b) Early European Discoveries, 1492-15 13 : 
 
 (1) The race for India's gold, silks, spices, pt-r- 
 fumes, precious stones, etc. 
 
 (2) Closing of the overland route by the capture of 
 Constantinople, 1453: v ^ yji. 
 
 (3) Trade with India through Ejrvot and fli*. 
 Mediterranean ; the search i^fn aH water 
 
 ^^^ eanh!%'B*c'^'"^ "^ ^^"' rotundity of the 
 
 (5) Spain's venture westward for India: Discovery 
 of America by Columbus, 1492. The American 
 continent given to Spain by Papal Bull, 1492 
 Portugal's venture eastward around the Afri- 
 
 ^!^^,"!^J5*V'"f^= Y' "^fT' ^498. Venture 
 vtbtvTaid. Curtcreai and the American coast, 
 
 (6) 
 
IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-S) 
 
 III 
 
 1.0 
 
 I.I 
 
 11.25 
 
 Sf Bi 112.2 
 m 
 
 m '""= 
 
 u 
 
 2.0 
 
 IIIW 
 
 lA. Hill 1.6 
 
 
 TlL-x 1_*_ 
 
 niuiugiupiiic 
 
 Sciences 
 Corporation 
 
 33 WEST MAIN STRUT 
 
 WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 
 
 (716) 873-4503 
 
 4- 
 
 V 
 
 ^v 
 
 ^\ 
 
 C\ 
 
 1^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
l82 
 
 
 fi I' 
 
 HANOVKRIAN PERIOD. 
 
 (7) K'lKlan I's venture : the Cabots from I ihraH 
 to Honda ,497-8 ; establishment o?Fm I 
 chum in North America. 'f'UKlaml 
 
 (H) Search for the short cut thrnnd, a 
 
 Behring's discovery oM'^su/rXtrt^'r] 
 Champlainm the St. Lawrence ifi,/ xr ' '1 
 mission to find Asia up the ^(^taw^^^'^ 
 t^irough the great Lakes to^ W scons n '" 
 
 Balboa's discovery of the Pacific at Darieu. ,5,] 
 U) Spain's explorations of America's interior. ,5 
 
 (I) Ponce de Leon in Florida, 1513 
 (^) Vascjue. in South Caroline or Chicora. ,s2o 
 3 Conquest of Mexico by Corte... 1519-1521 
 
 rida, 1528 journev of the 4 survivors f rJ, 
 
 Mexico Tco rv "^ -'Arizona and .Vc 
 fi I'i'am,'s conquest of Pen,, ,525., 5,, 
 
 ('0 The I'rench in AnrMnca. •r527-,6o.S • 
 
 : J-;i"-,Cartier.. Si\LLL River. .SU- 
 1509 . Maiisacre of tht- r»i-.«,. .... ..J A ' • ^ ' 
 
BRITISH IIISTORV IN URIRF. 
 
 183 
 
 'Ots from LahrariJ 
 ment of KiiKlandl 
 
 lirough Atiieric 
 'ar America, i- 
 ce, 1634 : Nicolel 
 tlie Ottawa an 
 Visconsin. 
 Marquette to tij 
 
 fie at Darieii,i5ij 
 's interior, jy, 
 
 i- 
 
 Chicora, 152(1. 
 ■. 1519-1521. 
 "iipa Ray in Mj 
 survivors tliroii)^ 
 Mexico, Ari/oiii 
 
 ''seven cities 
 Hzoua and Xj 
 i sufj-exjuditiif 
 
 !5-f533- 
 Pacific Coast 
 
 rida to IMixicaj 
 
 J Arizona, Xcl 
 
 Nortli Caroliij 
 
 Kiver, 1534. 
 
 Florida, is6 
 y the Spaiiiarj 
 
 under Melendcz, 1565. Estal)li.slnnent of vSt 
 Augustine, the oldest town in tlie United S'ates 
 east of the Mississippi, 1565. 
 
 (4) Do la Roche's attempts to colonize Sable Island 
 with criminals and paupers. 
 
 (5) Champlain at Mount Royal (Montrean 160^ 
 Pounding of Quebec, 1608. 
 
 (6) DeMonts (Viceroy), and fur-trade monopoly 
 of Acadia Colony : Port Royal (Annapolis) in 
 Nova Scotia the first French agricultural col- 
 ony, 1604. Abandonment of Port Royal, 1607. 
 
 (e) English Explorations, 1497-1606 : 
 
 (1) John and Sebastian Cabot, 1497-S : American 
 coast from Labrador to Florida. 
 
 (2) The Northwest Passage : Frobisher's 3 vovairfs 
 trom Labrador northward I576-,S Disco"- 
 venes of Davis. 
 
 (3) Francis Drake, the Pacific Coast of North Am- 
 erica, 1579. 
 
 (4) Sir Humphrey Gilbert, pos.session of New 
 foundland, 1583. • 
 
 (5) Raleigh's 1st Colony of Virginia, 1584-6: Sir 
 Richard Grenville in command of the expedi- 
 tion. Abandonment of the enterprise. 
 
 (6) Raleigh's 2nd Colony of Virginia, 1587-00 its 
 destruction by the Indians. 
 
 (7) R"Kland's claim of America from Newiound- 
 land to Honda through to the Pacific. 
 
 (./) Causes of failure in early colonization scliemes : 
 
 (1) Opposition of Spain ; her claim to America. 
 
 (2) Failure of tlie coloni.sts to attach them.selve.s 
 to the soil. 
 
 (3) With the French : T>is.sensions at home infer- 
 ior organization, character (.f the coloiii«;t« 
 seventy of the climate, etc. 
 
 mM 
 
X.S4 
 
 i •'ii 
 
 HANOVERIAN PERIOD. 
 
 (4) With the English : Choice of poor h.rU 
 difficulty of communication w tlfZe t H 
 land, lack of resolute leaders ^''^ 
 
 2. Relation of the Colonies to the Mother-country 
 (a) Motives for colonization : 
 
 (1) The spirit of adventurous enterprise 
 
 (2) Economic, religious, political discontent 
 
 (3 ) Expansion of the parent-state 
 
 (4) A source of revenue to the mo'ther-land 
 {/>) Colonial policy of Spain and Portugal • 
 
 (I Thirst for adventure, conquest and we. 1th 
 (2) Avoidance of agricultural colonies • exolnci 
 commercial policy. * '^'"'^' 
 
 f3) Weakness of administration 
 (4) Lax morals ; cruel treatment of the n.tiv^ 
 gal!"^;: ) '^"P^"^^"^ ''^ «P-». Brain of'itl 
 (c) Colonial policy of France (see/above) • 
 
 (2) Enterprise in fisheries and fur-trade ' 
 agriculture. "«ue, 
 
 (3) Religious exclusiveness. 
 
 (4) Lack of self-government. 
 (5'> Commercial monopolies. 
 (6) Mismanagement at home • intnVuH^ <r 
 
 corruption, jealousies, dissensioi's*^"*^'' "'^" 
 
 (8) Vicious land-system of tenure 
 (./* EuKlaiHl's coloinal puHcy (sec /-alwf) ■ 
 
 >)t 
 
BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIEF. 
 
 185 
 
 red, <leffiicele 
 
 (e') 
 
 (2) Extension of territory ; settlers not wan-Ierer. 
 
 ^'^ SXIr-£:d/'' ^"^^'"^ P°P"'^^-" "f ^^'- 
 
 (4) Religious liberty, local self-government 
 
 (5) Agriculture the basis of the colony 
 
 ^^^ ^equ^lity!''^''' "'°''^"'^' ^'^'''^' ' ^^-^-'"ty, 
 
 (7) Free, democratic, representative institutions 
 
 (8) Development of hardihood and bravery essen- 
 tial elements in nation-building. ^ ' 
 
 English Colonial Ciovernments : 
 
 (1) In the South (after the introdution of slavery 
 tendency towards aristocracy and large pSiV 
 tatrons) : County system under Ste.mnt- 
 
 County Court of 8 appointed by the Governor' 
 
 (2) In the North (Democratic sentiment): The 
 town the political miit ; compact co.nnmnities^ 
 town-meetings and English loal govermnent: 
 
 (3) Mixed system in the Middle colonies 
 
 (4) General difficulties : general assemblies ham 
 pered by commercial companies, by royal a 
 proprietary influence. ^ ^ 
 
 (5) Governors: Under royal restrictions and the 
 "^'^•"'" of royal directions ; the executive 
 anrV^:^ granter of nardo;,s. the'mfli y 
 ana naval chief, head of the establish.-d 
 church, chief of the judiciary ; power lo sun 
 
 "on, prorogue dissolve the assembly Asse - 
 bly's control of the funds. ^^^em 
 
 (/) Colonial Charters : 
 
 (I) Charters to trading cotnpanies : the Virdnia 
 Co Plymouth or Massachusetts Co ; control 
 
 vt?o'n%7lrCr:r ''•»^'^"'' ""''- ''^ -1-- 
 
 ^'^ of seff^''"'''*"" ^'■"'" ^'"^''"'^^ ^-it'' privileges 
 of ^self-government: Rhode Island. Conuecti- 
 
i86 
 
 (3) 
 
 HANOVBRIAN PERIOD. 
 
 'fii 
 
 English Colonies : 
 m T'^''' V •■ '"'"^ ^^ '^^ Virginia Co 1606 1 
 
 (.O0o„necti«.t: by Ma^chu,ett» trader, ,63, 
 
 '^' o?rr,rigta^?r.sr " -""=-■ '^39. n„. „j 
 
 (0 South Carolina J • '^^ Virginia settlers i66^ 
 
 1681. ^ "^ Quakers under pnirt 
 
 («) Georgia : by charter from George II ,7„ 
 (o) Other North American Colonies • ' 
 
 ( 1) Ohio : by the English Ohio Co. 1740 
 
 (2) Newfoundland, Acadia: by Cabot'l r 
 and clam,. 1497, and Treaty of m echt'-'^ ' 
 
 (3) Bahamas, 1522 • British H«L ^^'^^^^*' ^7i3 
 
 wanl and lee'war"'tS^S '"^ ' ^V 
 '609; Jamaica rfice • « !?' .5' Bernnidi^ 
 
 by^^ha^rter a/d faHe^'fr"?, ''"^ ,'^^"'H 
 British Government 1S9"' '^7°' "«^^ *" ^l" 
 
impshire first j^qi 
 n a royal provinc 
 
 nies, revertini: 
 1. Del. ^^ 
 
 ia Co., 1606. 
 
 he Plymouth Co | 
 1620. 
 
 he MassHchusetl 
 
 nder Lord iJaltj 
 
 raders, 1635. 
 s. 1639. Notoii 
 
 s settlers, 1644. 
 
 ettlers, 166;,. 
 
 - Dutch. 1664. 
 he Dutch, 166J 
 Jarate colony j| 
 
 e Dutch, 1664 
 s under Pd 
 
 II» 1732. 
 
 ^-'^0:^ 
 
 . y^GIIMlA 1609" 
 
 Carolina" 1663 
 
 VIM. 
 
 iNGLISH IN AMERICA 
 
 ORIGINAL GRANTS 
 
 f'-jfl 
 
?i 
 
 
 S 
 
 '&.. 
 
 n 
 
 ~';7 
 
 ^^. 
 
 ^\ 
 
 / 
 
 V\i 
 
 <^. 
 
 t;, 
 
 •^j 
 
 "'»■.« 
 
 ' r 
 
 'I-ORIDA 
 
 'X 
 
 
 ^ "i 
 
 rsi. AupiiMine 
 
 o-< 
 
 ^V*, 
 
 ^o< 
 
 <"fi 
 
 (^ 
 
 'c \ 
 
 «r 
 
 ■■•^Hi 
 
 Sfa 
 
 
 I / 
 
 •Nt* 
 
 Ji5^I 
 
 IX. 
 
 ENGLISH IN AMERICA 
 
 1650 
 
--/ 
 
 :rr^i 
 
 "Mm, , 
 
 It^, 
 
 %\ 
 
 -3, "i 
 
 '• '^"(fllMttlc 
 
 
 "F:iMUi|J 
 
 
 'c \ 
 
 53 
 
 
 S.r 
 
 X. 
 
 THE ENGLISH IN AMERICA 1 
 
 700 
 
aoi 
 
 m 
 
 ■^ 
 
 >^. 
 
 A «•- « 
 
 s 
 
 \ < 
 
 .--.' 
 
 8«!2 
 
 t^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 fN. 
 
 "*/. 
 
 "*'/, 
 
 ""»« 
 
 '^it 
 
 
 
 V4 
 
 «fl/ 
 
 THE ENGLISH ,NA„E„,CA^. 
 
 1750 
 
H'MT.^P 
 
 S. 
 
 
 ^^*^, "^ 
 
 ENGLISH IN AMERICA. 1763 
 
 
mil. 
 
 ' '775M783 
 
 Nfia 
 
 4 Co] 
 
 (d) 
 (e) 
 
 if) 
 
 5- Eng] 
 
 (u) 
 
 (0 < 
 
 (^') c 
 
 f 
 
 (/) c 
 
 ii 
 6 War a 
 
 i 
 
 (a 
 
"i^msrr historv m „Kr:.;K. 
 
 igr 
 
 io treat 
 
 6. 
 
 4. Colonial Unions • 
 
 "es represented: tf treat j} ;•'»">'• '^54; 7 colo- 
 fona a union confedera^^,?^ ' ^''"' Iroquois; to 
 AcIo,,t,on of PVanklh's p a^" ,["': ?""^»"1 <'efe nee 
 
 thepIanbythecolonia?at,r/bn:r ■• ^^'J^^^^-^ 
 (") Mason and Dixon I-ine >• r.^ 
 
 ^'■n Colonies fronz Sou hern ^^^' '''J^^'^'-'^'"g North- 
 U-) Joint Conirress of thf. n 7 
 
 measures against Englani""''-'^' I774. for defence 
 
 ^ -^ndeS^^Ll^^^^^^^^^P^-. ^776 ^ 
 
 5- English Conquest of Canada ( .^ 
 
 eO Montcalm's scheine t„ > •' "'"^^'^" ^^'^^^''y) " 
 
 the coast. '^^""^ ^° ^^-" 'H the KngHsh along 
 
 ^^S°^^'^^^^--^'^eathnearFortOu.ues„e. 
 (0 Capture of Louisburir i7««, ai • 
 
 (y) Capture of Hontrea I ,yA^ ,« 
 
 lu Canada. '^*^'' '^^^^ i^^ci of French rule 
 
 7auu.p„„ ™cf;.^:^^;^j-'r£',"y '-y of c'l: 
 
 ' ^tgSr,'„^:f™f,V Coionisis. "^vy .oca. 
 
192 
 
 HANOVERIAN PERIOD. 
 
 II 
 
 I I 
 
 mi 
 
 1^ 
 
 tion in the English Parliament ; right of rcnnj 
 sentatives of the people only, to levy taxes 
 
 1765. The Stanip Act ; Protest of the Colonies. 
 
 1766. Repeal of the Stanip Act. Parliament's asscrliuii 
 of Supremacy over the colonies in all niatlersl 
 Determination of George III to force the col,>„ieJ 
 
 1767. Imposition by Townshend of small custoui. 
 duties ; Colonial agitation. 
 
 1769. Repeal of all tixes except that on tea 
 
 1773- " Boston Tea-Party " : Closing of Boston's port, 
 
 £nrout" ^^^^'*^''^"^^^^''' Charter ; English troo[,j 
 
 1774. Alliance of the Colonies with Massachttstf. 
 Chatham s defence of the colonies. Colonial Cui 
 gress : defence measures ; Washington commaiukrl 
 
 {d) The War : 
 
 '^^^M.n"b^''''^''i,''"^'-^'' "^ Lexington and Bunker'> 
 nill, Mass. The British army in Boston duriiiil 
 
 the winter. Retreat in spring to New York! 
 Invasion ot Ca.iada by Montgomery and Arn.,1, 
 death of Montgomery; retreat of Arnold fro:ri 
 Quebec. | 
 
 1776 Declaration of Independence at Philadelphia 
 iHfK ■ ^\ 9*^"- Howe's capture of Brooklyn 
 Washington's retreat from New York to \,J 
 Jersey State. 
 
 1777. Gen Burgoyne's march from Canada ; suraiil 
 derat Saratoga. NY Defeat of Washington iJ 
 
 "f"oi,^i'^^^r*u?>'^'"® '^'^•'' *^«- Howe s capturj 
 
 of Philadelphia. Washington's defence of Vallef 
 Forge, Pa. ^ 
 
 1778- Alliance of France, Spain, and the 
 States. 
 
 1779. Beginning of a three years' siege of QlbraltArl 
 Alliance of the Dutch with the tJnfted States. ..ve 
 the Right of Search." ' 
 
 1780. ^English^ capture of Charleston, 5 C. Frfiiclj 
 aid tu the U. o. of omcers, troopy, iuuds* 
 
 T^iiiU 
 
BRITISH mSTORV IN URIIiK. 
 
 J93 
 
 M<1 the UiiitiiJ 
 
 '^*Vnwn'"%"/^'''' « ^"'■"'^?"^''* to Washington at York- 
 ?^t ' y^- . Resignation of I^onl North Defeat 
 of the fepamsh fleet by Admiral Ro.hiey off Cape 
 St. Vincent, Portugal. ^ *^ 
 
 '^^w^f^T^'^'V''^ ^''^ ^^^"^^^ fleet by Ro<lney in the 
 West Indies, x'reliminaries of peace. 
 
 U-) Peace of Versailles, 1783 : 
 
 (1 ) Independence of the United States. 
 
 (2) France to obtain St. Pierre, Miciuel ' and a 
 share m the Newfoundland fisheries 
 
 (3) vSpain to obtain Minorca and Florida 
 
 ^^^ K""/.*^ ^"^ ■'"^^^"" ^^"^'^*^^'' Newfoun.lland. 
 
 ?riL T?r^''?H',^T^ ^^^"^'^. ^^n>^ lireton. 
 1 mice hdward Island. 
 
 7. Effect of the New World on the Old : 
 
 (") III the 1 6th Century : 
 
 ^'^ Tion ^ n- ^'^''^ I^'"r«Pe^» events : the Reforma- 
 tion, Discovery of the New World. 
 
 (2) vSi)ain's rapacious exhaustion of the New World 
 
 Drake's i)iracy. ** 
 
 (3) Increasing effects of the New Worl.l • a vast 
 
 (''0 In the 17th Century : 
 
 ^'^ ^A'eof'Hfn"''i'?^ f'^l<^en 
 
 Age ot Holland in the first half 
 
 Robert Blake, hngland the commercial centre 
 of the world on the defeat of Holland. 
 (3) Cromwell's oceanic New World policy; Knu- 
 land's navy the in.strument of her power. 
 {f) In the iSth Century : 
 
 "Old"""^ *^«»riu, die ruling influence in the 
 
^^ HANOVKRIAX PERIOD. 
 
 (2) Problems of concjuest, colonization, coninicrct 
 ot the five great maritime states, Spain 
 lortugal, 1- ranee, irolland, England. Success 
 to hnglaml because least hampered by tlie 
 Uld World. 
 
 (3) Standing rivalry of interests in the New World 
 the cause of the great duel between France 
 and England, as follows : 
 
 King- William's War, 1689-1697. 
 Queen Anne's War, 1702-1713, 
 ^^•yiw*^^ -A.ustrian Succession, 1740- 
 Seven Years' War, 1756-1763. 
 
 ^^^ir^oo'^"^®'^^^*^ Independence, I775. 
 1783. 
 
 War of the French Revolution, 1793- 
 
 Napoleonic War, 1802-1816. 
 
 (4) Tlie New World dragged into the Wars of 11,. 
 ( ; progress of New France ( Canada) check- 
 ed by luiropean war entanglements, 
 luiijortance of the Act of Union, 1707 • Scot- 
 land s admission into the New World 
 
 ioT^-'^l "".! ^^;recht, 17,3: First g^eat step 
 towards the destruction of New France, an,! 
 hrst breach in the SpaniLjh monopoly of 
 Centra! and vSouth America. 
 
 Treaty of Paris, 1763 : culminating point fcr 
 Iviigland '^ ' 
 
 From ,763 till 1.S15, France's jealousy of 
 F...gland one of the greatest motive forces of 
 European politics. 
 
 (9) Kngland's lo.ss of the United States throu,,li 
 iniprudence and obstinacy, 17H3. The old 
 colonial policy : coercion, taxation, limitation, 
 slavery. 1 he new colonial policv : mutual 
 recognition of the lies of f.lood. reliirion 
 
 (5) 
 (6) 
 
 (7) 
 (8) 
 
BRITISH nrSTORY IN RRIKF. 
 
 195 
 
 Politics his 
 vStudy of Adam 
 
 language, laws, interests, hrotherhocxl trood 
 ^J^T'f Federation, Prefercnlt al Tmde" 
 Colonial Independence in largest measure 
 
 V William Pitt the YDunger, 1759-1806 :_ 
 
 I. Early Career : 
 
 (^0 Education at Eton and Cambridge 
 
 ambitioti, his library, his creed ' 
 
 vSmith s " Wealth of Nations."' 
 {/?) Member of the Commons 1781 
 (r) George Ill's fight for the American War- Pitt's 
 
 a Ivocacy of peace, economy, parlian.entary reform 
 
 Un Humiliation of Britain at Yorktown lySi Resi,/ 
 nation of Lord North. v". J7'>i. Resig- 
 
 ^'^ t^ie'^vS^r'"'' ^^^"^• ^^''I'^'^y •- I^'^t's refusal of 
 ,„1 f"^''^'?"''>''''"P «f Ireland. Legislative 
 mdei,en<lence for Ireland on motion of GnUUn 
 
 (/) Defeat of Pitfs motion for parlian;entary reform 
 ot the represeiitalion of the neonlo M,-.,;! V 
 amendments : discjualificatfon ^^Le^ mC 
 
 oTX'^r^^lch 'se'f^i 'r''^ "^ re^JnuVomc"^ 
 
 ser^:^t/:^;;r!r^ie';^Sn'wr "-'"'^^^ '^^ ^-' 
 
 ^''^Minlsl;^>H?'M^^^^^^^ 1782. Shelburne Whig 
 iviinisir> , 1 lit Chancellor of the FvpIiomi.,..- o.. 1 
 practically leader of the CommJ^s at^' ''' p ^ ^ ,' 
 Jiiirke in opposition. ^ ' ' 
 
 (//) Coalition of the Tories iindpi- v^-.i. 1 
 
 o< ihe Whigs muier K:.r'!^s,;t.T'; 4s:," 
 
 '" oris™ ;;;;i^-S^^>^">'»'«" for Rofon,, 
 
 (3) I)i»»oiutio„. 'lory iiuijorily in election,. 
 
^96 iJANOVKRIAN PERIOD. 
 
 3. Pitt's Administration, 1783-1801 ; 1804-1806 
 (a) Pitt as a Peace Minister, 1783-1793 .- 
 
 (1) Pitt Prime Minister and Chancellor of the I-'v I 
 chequer at 24. 1 
 
 (2) Pitt's difficulties: His Cabinet ''a proces.sio„| 
 of ornamental phantoms " ; a majority in the 
 Commons, and the great leaders against him 
 the King's dread and dislike of Pitt. 
 
 (3) Pitt's majority in new elections ; " the neoDle 
 s,ck of disaster disgrace, humiliation, political 
 degradation and jobbery. " ^ 
 
 (4) Pitt's endeavors "to raise England from the 
 exhaustion of the American W^r, to repair Z\ 
 finances, to develop her resources, to unite tlie 
 Kmpire, to apply free-trade principles ' ' by 
 
 ^'^ ^^yif^'^T^^^.^''^^ ^y^^^""' ^««^^ o» Smith's 
 Wealth of Nations. " ' 
 
 (ii) Industrial progress : manufactures, mines , 
 agriculture, commerce; cotton and linen 
 SJ, elc.' --y-^'-t-le; highway. | 
 
 (iii) Opening up of India as a market fori 
 nnglish goods. 
 
 (iv) Reduction of taxes by public econon.v • 
 payment of the National Debt by means 
 of a Sinking Fund; reduction of the 
 smuggling trade by Kxcise «ill. 
 
 (V) Commercial Treaty with France; Free I 
 Trade with Ireland. 
 
 (vi ) Reform of the Poor Lnws. 
 
 ( vii ) Public competition for government loans • I 
 
 acceptance of lowest tender 
 (viii) India Bill. 1784, for the governninit 
 
 of India. Trial of Ha.stings. ""'"^'«l 
 
 ^'""^ 1^86 ^^1!!>*^. ■--''-- ^.^ Population Bill.| 
 boroiii 
 
 5 ; the disfranchisement of x6 nettv 
 
nUTTlSH HISTORY IX URIRF'. 
 
 197 
 
 1 market for 
 
 ranee ; Free 
 
 nnient loans; 
 
 goverinmntl 
 
 (X) Regency Bill, 1789, providing for the 
 government of England during the Kimr's 
 mcapacity. ^ 
 
 (xi) Constitutional Act, 1791, for the gov- 
 ernment of Canada. ^ 
 
 (^"\^ct of ^nion,1800 (see 3 Pitt and Ire- 
 
 (xiii) Support of the Abolition of Slavery 
 ^i 1, 1788-1792, with Wilberforce, Fox^ 
 BurKe. Clarkson, Macaulay. " No En^' 
 lishmen or English vessels to traffic in 
 slaves. " 1H07. Abolition of Slavery in the 
 Lolonies, 1833. 
 
 (xiv) Introduction of Catholic Emancipa- 
 tion Bill, 1801. Resignation of I'itt 
 over the King's opposition 
 
 ^'1\T ^ ^^"^ Minister, 1793-1801 ; 1.S04-1806 : 
 
 (1) The French Revolution: Anxiety of Pitt to 
 avoid interference or contact with France Pit" 
 not in touch with his colleagues, the Parl^ 
 
 Sionstee^vl?^!^- ^^^'^ i-endiary^^t 
 
 (2) War of the French Revolution (see viii). 
 
 (3) Napoleonic War (see ix). 
 
 (4) Pitt's failure : Constant anxiety for peace • 
 sea tered, isolated efforts of an aristScrat'c 
 army service; uniform .success of a democratic 
 naval service ; policy of subsidies to helpless 
 allies ; immense war-debt. "t^'P'ess 
 
 (5) I'itt the Oppressor during the war : 
 
 (i) Arbitrary government, and harsh laws 
 narshly executed. 
 
 (ii) Royal proclamation against seditious writ- 
 ings ; frequent press prosecutions ; retrula- 
 tions and restrictions of the 3)ress 
 
 (iii) Alien Hill, Treasonable Practices Bill, sus- 
 pension of the Habeas Corpus Art 
 iHoi. 
 
 i7oe- 
 
198 
 
 HANOVERIAN PKRIOD. 
 
 (iv) Severe restraints on public n.eetin. 
 
 (v) All measures of social progress in abeyanj 
 
 (VI) Discontent in Scotland: No ParliamJ 
 
 no representation in the English p3 
 
 "lent; punishment of Scotch reform 'i' 
 
 (vu) Coercion of Ireland. 
 
 • I*itt and Ireland : 
 
 (a) Condition of Irei^and, 1760-17S2 • 
 
 (r) Government: A crown-appointed lord liJ 
 nfT ' '^^. ^^"^^« '• the Commo, J; on, 
 
 siie! irSvrhrr^"' ^^"^^^^■"-«' ^-h 
 
 ^'^ favori'ter""'' "''^ "' ^'"'^^"^ ^^^ ^he Kin J 
 
 ^^^ '^t^S^^^'?-^ ^"?^ \^"^^ «f the nation^ disfraJ 
 chised, disinherited, disqualified 000^;' I 
 
 (4) Absentee landlordism : Remorseless exactic.ni 
 and evictions by middlemen or overseers 1 
 
 (5) frequent bad harvests atid famines • exorb 
 tant rents ; starvation wages. ' ' 
 
 (6) "Trade restrictions: nrohibitinn r.f r 
 
 Ireland through Grattan, 17.S0 " ^ ' 
 
 (7) Rockingham Ministry: Through Gratt-ui 
 Protestant, and Flood. Repeal of Po^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 
 Law, Home Rule for Ireland, 1782? 
 
 (f>) Irish Home Rui.e, 1782-1800 : 
 
 (r) Hostility of the Irish government to Fn,.l „ 1 
 rejection of Pitfs IJillVr Se^Tratf'i"^:!^^'^ 
 
RRITISH HISTORY IN RRIKF. 
 
 199 
 
 public iiiet'tiii„J 
 onment ofpolitiv] 
 
 egress in abeyaiic| 
 I : No Parlianu-i 
 le Engflish Parlj, 
 Scotch reformer 
 
 ■i2 : 
 
 in ted I,onl JJJ 
 tnmons, nominJ 
 lowners, irrespoj 
 
 ns for the Kiii;.| 
 
 i nation ^ disfratj 
 ified, opprt'sse( 
 rbidden ; banisll 
 
 seless exactioi:i 
 r overseers. 
 
 amines ; exorhl 
 
 tion of (lired 
 
 olonies ; ruin 
 
 silk, glass aiil 
 
 ih jealousy aiiJ 
 
 Free extjort fol 
 >» ■ 
 
 igh Grattan, 
 1 of PoyninjjiJ 
 , 1782. 
 
 nt to En^daiK 
 rrade, 1785. 
 
 (2) Mistakes and misgovernnient of iMtzwilliani, 
 the Viceroy. 
 
 (3) Famine and pestilence in Ireland. 
 
 (4) " United Irishmen " for separation from 
 England, the formation of a republic, and 
 Catholic Emancipation. 
 
 (5) Grattan's Bill in the Irish Parliament for the 
 enfranchisement of Catholics, 1793. 
 
 (6) National Irish army, 1796, "an undisciplined, 
 uncontrollable force." 
 
 (7) Revolt of the Irish Catholics, 1798 : English 
 victory at Vinegar Hill. Surrender of French 
 assistance ; tyrannical oppression of the Irish. 
 
 (8) Castlereagh's wholesale corruption of the Irish 
 
 Parliament as a preparation for the Union. 
 " A majority of Englishmen had by threats 
 and bribes forced an innovation on a majority 
 of Irishmen." 
 
 (r) The Act of Union, 1800 : 
 
 (i) Legislative Union of England and Ireland ; 
 Irish representation in the Imperial Parlia- 
 ment : 32 Lords, 100 Commoners. 
 
 (2) Exclusion of Catholics from the United Parlia- 
 ment. 
 
 (3) Maintenance of the Irish Church. 
 
 (4) Equal commercial rights for England, Ireland, 
 and Scotland. 
 
 (5) Proper distribution of taxation. 
 
 (6) Irish courts of justice with final appeal to the 
 
 House of Lords. 
 
 (7) The Union Jack : Union' of the crosses of 
 St. George, St. Andrew, St. Patrick on the 
 British Flag 
 
 Character and Influence of Pitt the Younger : Cold, 
 unbending, unsociable ; honest, pure -spirited, patriotic' 
 capable; "the spoiled child of the House of Com! 
 mous." "Pitt, a Minister of great talents, honest 
 
 -fl 
 
2fy) 
 
 HANOVERIAN PERIOD. 
 
 om a^^l ? "■9,'l«at.o>, the government of «tj 
 
 onT Se^SToTeL^^" "" '"= ''"^ <>' "--- 
 VI. Edmund Burke, 1729-1797 :— 
 
 I. Early Career: 
 
 (a) Born in Dublin. Educated at Trinity College i 
 
 Jure^''"'^'qVny^°v'i'^P??''' ""known Irish adj 
 M .^T'r^- !^^ ""^ ^^'^' ^^t^'-^ture, and politics. ' 
 
 ^ ^ Bo1ingb;ltr756.''' ^'^'^^^^ ''^"■^^-^'" -^'- 
 
 ^''^ a^atnJ' cShnir^^'r ^PPP-^ion to penal U 
 against Catholics ; to restrictions on Irish td 
 and industry ; to selfish factions, jobbery J 
 
 -r Burke as a Member of Parliament, 1766-1796 , 
 
 (a) His position : One of the rhipf n,^;.^^ . j • 1 
 
 '''* S"l;h*,_^"'' ">? AfMrican War : Defence of tl 
 
 W 
 
 o„i • . --""—»»-"" vvwr : uereiice or 
 
 ^CoriHktir"" '^'""' "'^ stamp Act and 
 
 Burke Paymaster of the Forces under Portlatj 
 (</) Burke and India 
 
 ^'^ rrntl""^ Hastings : Burke's denunciation of tl 
 
 ?:"i'^'T S- '-4';- 'V ?PP^^^'«". ty J 
 1.. ... ,i.TM5ngo cwufKc in India. 
 
BRITISH HISTORt IN BRIEF. 
 
 20i 
 
 under Portlan 
 
 ^2) Burke's influence for a moral, just, responsible 
 public opinion in England with reference to 
 India. 
 
 (e) Burke and the French Revolution : 
 
 {i) '^Reflections on the French Revolutiou^^ ■ 
 Defence of justice, humanity, order in Europe' 
 England roused to war with France. 
 (/) Reasons for Burke's unpopularity. 
 
 (I) Alienation of political friends Fox, Grey 
 Sheridan, Francis, by his views on the French 
 Revolution. 
 
 ^'^ miir^oJHti-nU'^ '"^^'"^ ^^'"^ theimpeach- 
 
 (3) His opposition to the ballot and the redistribu- 
 tion of political power. 
 
 (4) His vehemence, fury and sarcasm. 
 
 (5) His predictions of Pitt's War Administration ■ 
 
 a black whirl of war, violence and fraud " 
 {g) Burke's retirement. Death of his son, 1795 
 
 ".(n.'f^7 o« a Regicide Peace :^^ Passionate <lenuncia- 
 tion of negotiations with France, 1796. 
 Estimate of Burke : 
 
 (rt) ''.One of the greatest names in the history of tjoli- 
 tical literature." -^ ^ 
 
 ^^'^ rrr?o?^'l ^!- ^'V °''''^''' ^"^ ^'■^t^'"' ^^"» passionate 
 ardor, poetic fancy and amazing resources the 
 
 coolest argument mingled with pathos, invective 
 
 tenderness, and brilliant word-pictures." 
 
 [Charles James Fox, 1749-1806 :— 
 
 Early Life : 
 
 {'? ) Education at Eton and Oxford. 
 
 Kh) Pernicious influence of his father, a cunning, un- 
 scrupulous gambler and M.P. 
 Fox as Member of Parliament, 1769-1806 : 
 (") ham ■ ^"^ * I'ocket-lxjrough. Supporter of Chat- 
 
:«l 
 
 ^ -4 
 
 202 
 
 HANOVERIAN PERIOD. 
 
 (/>) Lord of the Admiralty in North's Ministi 
 Ivord Treasurer. 
 
 (0 The ill-will of George III. Fox's opposi tic 
 Government's Royal Marriage Bill. Dismj 
 
 (d) Fox leader of the Opposition ; scathing dfi 
 tion of North's American War policy. 1 
 
 ^^^ w^,''^*^''y ^^ ^^»te i» tlie Roclnnghani IV 
 
 The hero of Parliament, the gamintr-tal 
 
 the Newmarket races. " ^ 
 
 (/) Death of Rockingham, 1782. Fox's resignl 
 (A'-) Shelburne's Whig Ministry. Fox's ont 
 
 Downfall of Shelburne, 1783. 
 (//) Coalition Ministry : 
 
 (i) Portland, Premier; Lord North anr 
 Secretaries of State. 
 
 (2) Treaty of Versailles, 1783 : Indepeiule 
 American States. 
 
 (3) Defeat in the Lords of Fox's India I5iJl 
 Resignation of the Ministry. 
 
 (/) Fox's politics : 
 
 (1) A High Tory, then a Whig, then a Radii 
 
 (2) Denunciation of Pitt's Commercial Treat] 
 France. 1 
 
 (3) Opposition to the Slave Trade, the Ami 
 War, the oppression of the Irish. 
 
 (4) Repeal of penal acts against the Catholic, 
 
 (5) AdvQcacy of Parliamentary Reform • Fr] 
 of Debate and of the Press. ' ] 
 
 (6) " Libel Act " : amendment of the law of 
 
 (7) One of the managers in the impeachnJ 
 Hastings. " 
 
 (8) ;' Sympathy with the French Revohitio 
 Its enormities opened his eyes." 
 
 (/) Grenville's Ministry of " All the Talents," 18 
 (I) Fox, Secretary of State. 
 
)D. 
 
 North's Ministr 
 
 Fox's oppositic 
 ge Bill. Disiii| 
 
 n ; scathing d^ 
 ar policy. 
 
 Rocliinghani ^ 
 the gaming-taJ 
 
 Fox's resignj 
 y. P'ox's opj 
 
 Bcroiino' ^_4^IORCO\T 
 
 ^ 
 
 203 
 
 ister 
 
 tnce, 
 ition, 
 who, 
 most 
 most 
 ors." 
 
 S:- 
 
 ■-1 
 
 ^ 
 
 ird North and 
 83 : IiKlepende 
 
 F'ox's India Hiii 
 try. 
 
 g, then a RadiJ 
 nimercial Treat! 
 
 Trade, the Ani| 
 e Irish. 
 
 1st the Catholic 
 
 y Reform ; FrJ 
 3. I 
 
 it of the law ofl 
 
 :he impeach ina 
 
 inch Revoliitioj 
 !yes. " 
 
 le Talents," iSl 
 
 ^^PIH 
 
 >OH." 
 
 rturii 
 
 Sa- 
 
 id )jy 
 
 and 
 
 ; off 
 
 cap- 
 ands 
 (t of 
 A^est 
 Mal- 
 tha 
 pro- 
 )nd. 
 ing- 
 
 orth 
 
YIV# 
 
 RS WITH FRANCE. 
 17e':5-.i815 
 
 
rt 
 
 li F"U).rc ,...,drr hnp.Wru I „ „„„„ „„»,,„ d„.,h,r .IMUO :„hs 
 
 i^5 
 
202 
 
 (3j Si 
 
 (3) D' 
 A 
 
 Character 
 lack of jv 
 gambling ; 
 despite hi 
 fascinating; 
 transceude 
 
 Waroftl 
 
 Causes : 
 
 I/O Excess 
 
 (/'') Burke' 
 
 ir) France 
 
 every t 
 
 {d) New F 
 voy, R 
 
 (<') French 
 Treaty 
 
 (/) Dechir 
 IIoHant 
 The War : 
 
 1794. Defci 
 Brest. 
 
 "795. Austi 
 ture of 
 (formed 
 French 
 Indies, 
 acca, Ci 
 
 1796. Napo 
 French 
 posals. 
 Faiiure 
 land am 
 
 1797. Dofe.'i 
 
 Itulv • A, 
 
BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIJiF. 
 
 203 
 
 (3) Support of measures to resist Napoleon 
 
 ^^^ Abbey°^ ^""' ''^'^' ^^""^^ "^ Westminster 
 
 Character and influence: Geniality, inde,,endence 
 lack of judgment, vehemence, passion SS 
 Kambhng spirit ui public affairs. ^ ' ' A st iteS w^"/ 
 despite Ins failings, is one of the finesra d mo^^^^ 
 fascinating figures in modern history .. ^fe lost 
 transcendent of debaters and Parlianientary orrti"?' 
 
 War of the French Revolution, 1793-1802 - 
 Causes : ww«. 
 
 UO Excesses of the Revolutionists in France 
 {/>) lUirke's -Reflections on the I'rench Revolution " 
 Kc) I-rance's declaration of her readiness to overturn 
 every established government in Kurope "^^""'^ 
 
 '"^^iRl^nelio^^^^^^^ 
 
 ' ^^ I^ai;?!'"" "^ ""'"" ^'^ ^'"^'"^ ^^*^^""«^ I^"«^-'"l and 
 The War : 
 
 '^^Brcsl'"' "^ "•' ^""'"'^ "'"' ''>■ ^^-'^ ""vvv off ' 
 
 '795. Austria the sole ally of Fiiirl.,1,,1 i/. 1 
 
 tur«^ Mf niiiiH..ir 7 -t^ngiand. iMencli cap- 
 ture ot Uunkirk, and conquest of the Netherlin/k 
 orme,l into a Republic). linglish co, ues ? 
 ^re^ch settlements in India, some l-Ve" c West 
 I.uhes and the Dutch settlements in Ceylo Mai 
 acca, Cape of Good Hope. '-eyioii, Mai- 
 
 1796 Napoleon's successes in Italy. Insolence of the 
 I'rench Directory; reiection of Pitfo V 
 iKjvialtt All;,.. V ,, ^^ 1 itt s peace i)ro- 
 
 jKKsais. Alliance of France ^nnil, ir n 1 
 
 '"?J''*A'„lfI'.'-:;"'""""''J'>' N."p.dc.„„ i„ North 
 
 Aiu... , Au,,..xa 3 pcati; ai wampio hormlo. ling. 
 
 'i«| 
 
204 
 
 HANOVERIAN PERIOlJ. 
 
 land's ])eril : Mutiny of the fleet 
 
 don 
 
 ])en 
 discontent and revx)lt in Ireland and vScoi 
 heavy taxati n, bad harvests, famine, press^-j 
 failure of Pitt's health. Defeat of the Sm 
 fleet off Cape St. Vincent by Admirals Jan';! 
 Nelson, of the Dutch fleet off Camperdow 
 Admiral Duncan. Appointment of Welkhlt 
 Governor-General of India. 
 
 1798- Suppression of revolt of Irish Cathoii 
 Vinegar Hill ; Surrender of French assistaiii 
 Lord Cornwallis, Viceroy, Napoleon's difi 
 the Mamelukes in Egypt. Nelson's victory i 
 Battle of the Nile (Aboukir). Alliance of 
 land, Russia, Austria, Turkev, Naples, a 
 France. 
 
 1799. Revolt of Tippo Sahib in India. Defeii 
 Acre by Sir Sidney Smith against Napui 
 Napoleon's return to France; jst Consul ol 
 I';mi)ire. I':ngUind's impolitic refusal of Ku^m 
 overtures for peace. Russia's retirement fro: 
 alliance 
 
 1800. Napoleon's defeat of the Austrians at Man 
 Moreau's defeat of the Austrians at tlohenlii 
 ICngHsh capture of Malta. 
 
 l8oi. Austria's peace with France; armed neiili 
 of Russia, Sweden, Denmark against l«;i,j;l 
 Nelson's victory over the Danish fleet off ( 
 ha^en. Abercoml^ie's capture of the Frcnc 
 at the Battle of Alexandria. 
 3. Peace of Amiens, 1803 : 
 
 {u) Withdrawal of the French from Italy, llu. 
 Switzerland 
 
 (/>) England's recogniMon of the French Gover 
 
 0) Kngland's restoration of captured French c. 
 
 IX. Napoleonic War, 1802-1815 :— 
 
 J. Causes : 
 
 («) Napoleon's Continental System : Assumpt 
 Control ovef Ilwriuiid, lielgium, SwiUttrl 
 
BRITISH HISTOKY IN HRIKK, 
 
 2(15 
 
 (//) Declaration of War by Pjigland. 
 The War : 
 
 1802. Addington's Administration ; I'itt, I.ord War- 
 den of the Cinqne Ports. 
 
 1803. Addington's Appeal to Pitt, on declaration of 
 war with France. 
 
 i8o4. Pitt's Ministry (inclnding Castlereagh, Port- 
 land, Perceval, Liverpool, and Canning "Pitt's 
 political son and heir " ). Napoleon's plans for a 
 great invasion of p:ngland ; death of the French 
 Adii) .1). Napoleon, Emperor of the French. 
 
 1 805. Nelson's victory over the allied fleets of France 
 and Spain off Trafalgar. Coalition of Kngland, 
 Russia, Prussia, Austria, Sweden, against France 
 and Spain. Napoleon's victory over the Austriaiis 
 at Ulm and at Austerlitz ; treaty of Pre^burK : 
 Austria to give up all her Italian and Adriatic 
 provinces. "Austerlitz, Pitt's death-hluw. " 
 
 1806. Death of Pitt ; burial in Westminster Abbej- 
 lireak-up of the Ministry. Na})oleon's victory 
 over the Prussians at Jena ; master of all F:un)pe 
 save Kngland and Russia. Napoleon's Berlin 
 Decrees : Hlockade of J}', itish ports ; i)rohibition 
 of trade with Britain. 
 
 1807. Kngland's retaliatorv Orders-in-CouncH • 
 
 Blockade of French Ports, prohibition of trade 
 with France ; right of search. Napoleon's defeat 
 of the Russians at Eyiau : Peace of Tilsit. Alli- 
 ance of Rus.sia, Sweden, Denmark with Frame 
 Nelson's defeat of the Danish lleet in 3nd Battle 
 Of CopenhaKen. l-Vench occupation of Prussia • 
 annexation of Holland, Belgium, Switzerland' 
 Westphalia, Naples, Italy. Napoleon's Hilan 
 Decree: Order of "the seizure of all British 
 exports and of vessels which had touched at anv 
 British jxirt." 
 
 1808. Treaty of Pontainebleau : Agreement of 
 France and vSpain to divide Porlui/al bftwe.Mi tli.jin 
 Fttrc«a resiguatiou wf FerUiiiaud VII of Spain ; 
 
2o6 
 
 HANOVERIAN PERIOD. 
 
 entry of French army into MadnM • iw-,wO 
 of Joseph EonaparteL Kinrof Spki "^eS'^ 
 fepmn to accept him ; her^call to 4\«Ia ^ J 
 assistance against France. Defeat oi thJr ^ 
 by Wellesley at VImlera ; surrender of the " 
 at the Convention of Cintra ^ ''"' 
 
 1809. Napoleon's defeat of the Spanish. Sir j,. 
 
 l.T%"'^^'-'''^y '^^'^^^ °f 250 miles to Corunni 
 death of Moore. Capture of Saragossa I v m1 
 I<rench. Withdrawal of Napoleon to A % ' 
 defeat of the Austrians at >^agrim Retrf ^ 
 Marshal Soult before Wellfsley to Oport. 
 Defeat of the French at Talavera by Wefie? 
 (Viscount Wellington). Failure o^ S 
 Walcheren Expedition against Antwerp^ 
 1810 Concentration of Napoleon's forces in Snu,i 
 AWna's capture of the"^ fortress of Cluiad k'J 
 rigo Rout of Massena by Wellington at Busa« 
 
 '^"d'Onorn "L^'""'"^'/^ ^^ Wellington at Fuentc 
 d Onoro ; Massena's retreat fronri'ortugal. 
 
 i8ia. Napoleon's withdrawal of his best tronrm fr ,i 
 vSpam for his Russian Expedition -dlf^S ] 
 Russians at Borodino near Mosco^ 1 urn I 
 
 rUreat of 4ck),ooo French in midwinter • retun 
 
 ri Htnr^^'-y'''^^^"^'* cajjture of the fortnsse 
 
 M.^^,^ ^"^c^.*'' B«d«l08.a,id defeatof /l I 
 
 Mar nont at Salamanca. (Napoleon's it.sS 1 
 
 of the Ignited States to declare war against 1 
 
 land ; War^of 18,2-15. See Canadian Sofy ) '^ 
 
 1813 Wellington's capture of Saragossa, defeit oi 
 
 Pyren'ee^'^ ''• ^'««';'« -'1 i" the lialtie on ' 
 
 Pflm«-i • '"''f'/'' "^ ^ ''' ts San Sebastian ai,^ 
 
 Pampeluna defeat of s..ult at BIdassoa a" . 
 
 IWh.f*- ,^;'J'"'r'""« tf^'«t of the RU.S.S* MS J 
 
 iruss.aus at Lautzen, Bautzen, and Dresdco] 
 
 D( 
 Pr 
 1814. 
 
 Ni 
 Fr 
 on 
 set 
 th« 
 
 181S. : 
 
 ke( 
 
 ers 
 
 wit 
 
 at 
 
 Qu 
 
 at' 
 Pai 
 llsli 
 exi; 
 
 Settlemei 
 
 I. Cook's v< 
 
 New Z( 
 
 of J 
 
 at ] 
 
 -'. Convict s 
 
 Hay, Po 
 
 Summar; 
 
 1 Political 
 India ai 
 Australii 
 consequ( 
 the pirat 
 
 ^ National 
 /"3.5«J,o 
 Seven "^ 
 /lai.ooo 
 
 i Discover] 
 
 (</) I'irst 
 son, 
 on tl 
 
ins ; disastni 
 
 ad DreAdeo] 
 
 BRITISH HISTORY IX BRIEF. 207 
 
 on the Fr'S'''.i°" <'f''»~"<l"e.,tsf Louis XVIli 
 
 the Close Of the American War ) ' 
 
 '^'\*efn U^.^ir^ Napoleon from Elba. His attempt to 
 ers Hano^lf^^" %f"'-<^'^ of English, Netherratul- 
 w?Hi Rh . ^^'rf' ^':»"swickers, from a junction 
 Tt LJenv "'k ^ ';"«'^'''^"« ; ^iefe.t of the P^ru.s^kns 
 
 QutueBasXyT'^i^'^?'' Wellington at 
 «f wlf-^r ,J^«^featot Napoleon l)y Wellintrton 
 
 Par^ hfi^J" ^T. l^- .^'"^''^P^ of ^NapoleoS to 
 lans, his second abdication. Entry of the Fn." 
 
 Settlements in Australia : - 
 
 ' <^'"ok's voyages in the Pacific, 1 768-1779 • 
 
 '■ STari'o^jrisr,,""''- '"■"" ^»'«. ^^'^r-. .....„„, 
 
 Summary:— 
 
 "u!iut7lZr 1:^:1^:^. "^f"' St-tes; ,ai„ of 
 Australia ; Pitt" llX„ !'"ve ;;r;f nI ?,:r"'''' "I 
 
 vSeven Years' Wat /•86o.^^^ i' -^^S.ooo.cxx) ; 
 /"lar f¥v.fw, • M V '^■.'^^'"^^.ooo; American War 
 /, i2i,cxx),ooc) . Napoleonic War, /•.S4o,ooo,ooo. 
 1 Discoveries, Inventions, etc.: 
 
 (a) I'irst use of steam-vessel.s in Anwri-n or tV- " 1 
 
2o8 
 
 vSi: 
 
 11)1 
 
 HANOVERIAN PERIOD. 
 
 I 
 
 ( h) First use of ^^as in London, 1807. 
 
 {c) Increase of trade and manufactures throutrli inJ 
 ductiou of new machinery. ^ " 
 
 {d) Discoveries in Science : In France, by Uniar 
 Cuvier, Laroisier ; in Ensland, by Herschel h 
 Pnestley, Watt, Brindle^^ Roebuck. 
 
 Literature of the 18th Century : 
 
 {a ) Transition Period from the Classical School of r„ 
 to the IS atural School of the 19th Century -- 
 
 \'X !;,ftp : Thomson Young, Akenside, (.rav 
 (2)Piction: Richardson, Fieldintr " '• 
 Johnson, Scott. ^' 
 
 (3) History: Hume, Robertson 
 
 (4) Theology: Hume, Butler. 
 
 (5) Periodicals: Samuel Johnson. 
 (A) Creative Period : Political and religious reactio 
 
 revolution for freedom and independence i, 
 erature ; writings for the public :- 
 
 ^'^ rl?^^;1^c'■"''^.^''^P^'■• Gol^lsmith. CrJ 
 Campbell Southey, Moore, Colericlge, Kea 
 Byron, Shelley, Wordsworth. 
 2 Drama : G^irrick, Sheridan, Goldsmith. 
 
 (3) History : Gibbon, Percy 
 
 (4) Theology: Paley, Wesley, wniitfield- 
 (5)vScience: Hunter, Herschel, Jone.s, 
 ... }.;\f t^^y- Watt, Brindley, Roebuck. 
 
 (6) Philosophy : Reid, Stewart 
 
 (7) Political Science : Adam Smith. 
 
 (5) Law : Blackstone. 
 (9) Kssays Periodicals, etc.: Johnson, ]I,J 
 
 Walpole, Chesterfield, Sidney Smith JefTrJ 
 Brougham. > J 1 
 
 DaJ 
 
 5. Art of the 18th Century : 
 
 («) Painting : Hogarth. Reynolds. Gainsboro 
 
 Lawrence, Turner. 
 ih) Sculpture : Bank.s Chantrey, Flaxman 
 (..; iOi-.cij> . \vciigwoofi, i'ittxman. 
 
 W( 
 
 |6eorg-e Ci 
 
 I. TherNe 
 
 Ex 
 00c 
 
 Ge 
 
 an( 
 
 or 
 
 ves 
 
 of i 
 
 plo 
 
 (c) Blii 
 cal 
 
 The Ne\ 
 
 {a) Liv- 
 
 For 
 
 Wn 
 
 lear 
 
 Canning 
 
 {a) Can 
 of n 
 stat< 
 
 {b) Assi; 
 Moc 
 
 (r) Nap( 
 Cam 
 Assi 
 
 Refu 
 Rust 
 each 
 any 
 
 Gre< 
 toth 
 Tnde 
 
 Inde 
 onies 
 
 {d) 
 
 (/) 
 
 (aO 
 
 I)end 
 Coloi 
 
BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIKF. 
 
 209 
 
 es throtigli inJ 
 
 I. 
 
 {f>) 
 
 (0 
 
 D.-GEORGE IV. 1820-1830. 
 
 Georg-e Canningr, 1808-1827 :— 
 
 • Ther Need for Reforms : 
 
 000,000 ; heavy taxation. 
 
 General distress : Glut of the home markets, mills 
 
 or machine-breakers ; scarcity through bad bar- 
 vests ; wheat at famine prices through proh bit^', 
 
 Si" ha'Jigr'""'' °^ "'^ government to any politi- 
 
 The New Era in English Politics : 
 
 (a) Liverpool's Administration, 1812-1827- CannitKr 
 
 Fore.gn Secretary; Robert Peel. Jlon7e Seore ar?'- 
 
 Urn. Huskisson, President of the lioard of Trad?' 
 
 leaders of progressive reforms. ' 
 
 Canning's Foreign Policy : 
 
 (^0 Canning a disciple of Pitt: Love of peace princinle 
 onunwnterference in the internal aK^ o?7or efgn 
 
 {/>) Assistance to Spain in the Peninsular War under 
 Moore and Wellesley ; defeat of Napoleon ' 
 
 (r) Napoleon's escape from Elba : Danger to Knrone • 
 Camnng's vigorous measures to cru^sh N^iieoT ' 
 
 {(f) Assistance to Canada in the War of 1812-15 
 
 KussM Austiia, Prussia, France, Spain to assist 
 ^nfcoun^^^^^^^^^ '"y ^^^-"P^-^" t r^bemrin 
 
 (/) Greek War of Independence : Canninir's assistinrn 
 o he Greeks against the Turks an l^W^ cS 
 Independence in the victory of Navartno, 1827 
 
 ''V::t^^t^L^.^^^^'^ «-'t'^ Anu^rican Col- 
 
 Sill's,''^ *'^'""' '■'"•• ^"'". "-.OS a';"!:.: 
 
2IO 
 
 HANOVERIAN PERIOD. 
 
 (//) Imlependence of Portugal : Alliance of France -.H 
 
 ile.itli of Liverpool. Death of Caiinin,; ' 
 
 • Su?lpiu'''u';S^^delo'" «"-'"^^' P"""-' ---"I 
 
 ami an im,,erishable mJo. as welf alallnSlr, ?'""' 
 
 II. Wm, Huskisson, 1822-1830 •— 
 
 '■ "'i'st^-sT ^" ^^^-^^-nt of* the Board of Trad] 
 
 (a) Reciprocity of Duties Bill 1821 • Mi.t„«l o ^ . 
 ages to Knglish and foreign vessels ^^'"^ 
 
 (/') Reduction of duties on silk and wool 
 {( ) Trade Reforms, 1824 : 
 
 " '^We'l;r,r^ro,?:fe*^;^^- «.eOo.onies, 1828 j 
 
 '"'w^j^z-.s^srif-frf'"-'"^''--''"-." 
 
 I 
 \ 
 
 A 
 
 (aO I 
 
 fr 
 ol 
 
 [!■ Wellini 
 
 1. Repeal 
 
 RusscI 
 
 2. O'Conui 
 
 1829. 
 Ministi 
 
 Reform B 
 Lord Qr 
 
 {a) Col 
 bou 
 
 [b) Fin 
 deft 
 Ref( 
 
 Secc 
 tive 
 
 riiit 
 atioi 
 
 (1) . 
 
 (2) 1 
 t 
 
 id) 
 
ice of France ar 
 a;land's assistanj 
 
 : a Catholic ■ (u 
 ' Wll, 1825. ' 
 ■ts to better tl| 
 
 to emigrants 
 
 • in 1827 on A 
 
 political penil 
 /ellous cajj.'u iti 
 ^as born lo ij 
 rook no rival ( 
 a noble exaiiip 
 shattered pan 
 itate threatci 
 
 ird of Tradl 
 Tutual advaii 
 .1. 
 
 ?istrates to 
 
 vorkmen froj 
 le countr)-, 
 
 iss, 1828-31 
 
 eciilation, 
 
 nierchants 
 
 BRITISH HISTORY IN URUiV, 
 
 (r) Government's order for the importati,.,, .f f ■ 
 grain below the legal price ^'""''^'^'" "^ foreign 
 
 "-first step .„:e';rf^rt".:,lre7,:rnl'""»''" "' 
 {t') Huskisson's assistance of emiL-rants u. r. , 
 
 Cape, Australia. ^""i,rants to Canada, the 
 
 (/) Foundation of the Australian Colonies • T 
 
 1S29 ; New South Wales i8o\ • r w ", ^'*f"'«"'a. 
 
 Western Australia, i8?9 ; 'vlcto^r rit^''' «'''^^= 
 Australia, 1835 ^' ^'"°"'i. 1833; South 
 
 OM.USHSSO.,, t„e «™t finl^i-ietlf iJs^^X-Ls 
 Wellingtons Administration. 1828 !«<.« 
 
 E.-WILLIAM IV, 1830-1837. 
 
 [ Reform BUI, 1832 :— 
 
 Lord Grey's Liberal Administration, ,83o.,834 
 
 Reform majority "•''-''Oiution , election of 
 
 ."ii-ii^sir "'" °^ «*--"«.«.- i.; Pop„,. 
 
 (-») 
 
 (<•) 
 (</) 
 
2X2 
 
 II. 
 
 HANOVERIAN PERIOD. 
 
 "A measure of Parliamentary Reform so comprehej 
 sive in its scope, so revolutionai/ in its aims as f 
 change, m the twinkling of an eye, the whole aspj 
 and issue of national politics ; to transfer at a si/ 
 gle stroke the whole power of the State from 
 Aristocracy to the Middle Classes." 
 
 yX '^AK^ l.r;'^^ the East Indies open to all merchants] 
 (/) Abolition cf the Slave Trade in British Don 
 nions, 1833. 
 
 {jt) Factory Act, 1833 : Protection of children fro 
 
 overwork and ill-treatment. 
 (/i) Foundation of England's 
 
 System : 
 
 (i) Education Act, 1831 : 
 education iu Ireland. 
 
 (2) Education Act, 1S33 : Government grants 
 schools which taught the children of the poc 
 
 (3) Education Act, 1839: Educational Conimitd 
 of the Privy Council ; system of public iiistru 
 tion. " 
 
 (/•) New Poor Uw, 1834 : Establishment of worl 
 houses throughout England ; reduction of cria 
 and pauperism. ^ 
 
 •'Lord Grey's upright statesmanship, aristocratic bed 
 iiig, and commanding eloquence, make him the Hi 
 patrician lea<ier of a great popular movement " 
 
 Character of \Villiam IV: " A faithful representative 
 constitutional principle." A patriot-king 
 
 National Educatlij 
 Grant of ^30,000 fl 
 
 1835-1841*-"^"®^ Liberal Administration, 183 
 
 1. Municipal Act, 1835 : Restoration to towns an<I citi 
 
 ot the right of self-government. 
 
 2. Rebellion In Canada. 1837. (vSee Victoria II ) 
 
 3. Opium War with China, 1839-42, "not an evcuj 
 
 wnicU the nation was entitled to be very proud " : 
 {a) Cau.se Sale of opium by British East India Co. 
 the Chinese against the laws of China. 
 
 (c) 'I 
 1 
 ( 
 
 c 
 
 EstabJ 
 Hill : 
 Britis 
 of the 
 
 Afghai 
 
 and h 
 
 («) C 
 G 
 01 
 ti 
 
 (/>) IV] 
 M 
 rt 
 of 
 cl: 
 re 
 Cl 
 
 (0 Dt 
 R( 
 an 
 ch 
 
 6. Rise of ( 
 
 7. The Que 
 
 N. Rise of t 
 Mellwi 
 
JURlTlSir HISTORY IN BRIKF. 
 
 {b) Capture of Niiigpo, 
 Islands, 
 
 213 
 Amoy, Nankin and Clmsau 
 
 {€) Tenns of peace: Cession in perpetuity to the Kns- 
 hsh of Hong-KOHK ; opening to British trader ?f 
 Canton Amoy, roochowfoo. xNingpo, ShaS "i 
 wUh a Bntisli consul at each ; pavmen o? ^5 V5 1 
 000 by Chnia as war indemnity '^' ^ ^ ' 
 
 Kstablishn.ent of Penny Postage. 1839-40 by Rowland 
 S-^,;t, t"! """"/"'^^^n' '^39 ; Penny Postage "n the 
 of the tints:- ''= "'" ^''"'^'' '"^^"^ i".provement 
 
 Afghan War. 1840-43, " a tale of misfortune blunder 
 and humiliation, and massacre " :- "mnuer 
 
 {a) Causes : Suspicions of the English and the Indian 
 Governments " that the Afghan chief Dost M ih 
 omed was intriguing with the Russians ''Tde^l^ 1 
 tion of Mahomed by British force. 
 
 (/>) Murder at Cabul of Sir Alex. Rurnes and Sir W 
 ^rlT^'r'' '^^? ^f T.t'-e^'ting with the Afghans '; 
 retreat ot General Klphinstone to India ; promise 
 of safe-conduct by Akbar Khan, the neW Afghan 
 chief and son of Dost Manonied ; murder of 4^^ 
 
 • CabirPasa ''°^ camp-followers in the Koord 
 
 (r) Defence of Jellalabad near Khyber Pass by Sir 
 Robt Sale ; recapture of Cabul by Generals Pollock 
 children.' ''^"''"^ ''^'^^'''^ ^n^Ush women an.l 
 
 6. Rise of Chartism or Radicalism. (See Victoria III. ) 
 
 7. The Queen's Marriage. (See Victoria IV. ) 
 
 N. Rise of the Anti-Corn Law League 1838. Resi^rnation of 
 Mell)ourne. a disciple of Protection. (See vSia V [ 
 
214 
 
 HANOVKRIAN PERIOD 
 
 if 
 
 T „ ^ -VICTORIA. 1837- 
 
 •*• •Hanover : 
 
 Hanover. ^"">"<-riana (the Queen's uncle) Kiii^. ' 
 
 Union, 1840. ^^*P°'"'"''e Government by Act 
 ni. The Chartists : - 
 
 proper.; ^uaS^atlS/^'tJfJff'i-V; "f ..; 
 
 cts:;^3 "'euro's;" w«^-' "s 
 
 ernnient prosecutions a uHrtf^rf ^^'^^ '" ^'^'^« ^ '.^•'v 
 
 IV. Robert Peel, 1788-1850 - 
 
 I. Early career : 
 
 (^) The Pa4 oTpTogrtr^ " "^'"'^ ^' '°- 
 
 2) r^eading Tories, 1809 : Perceval r • I 
 government." ^"^^^ ""^ anti-popuL ^ 
 
IlRmSH HISTORY IN MRIKF. 
 '■ ^Wiii^^llr"""''"" '"'»"^' uadBr Liverpool, 
 
 "Orange Peel. '^ ''^* "'"' OrangMsm, 
 
 M ^JrlrV "■'* '^"'-""'ulary or police force 
 , pi 1 ??'«=^"°'"'' »'«'sures for Ireland, 
 
 CastieJeagh ila '^°°"»°"^ "" "-e snicide of 
 
 '"^X;::;^S;;n:i?Ssi;S--H..d.. 
 
 («) Peel's opposition to Russell's Tiiii f « 
 
 Test and Cornoration A ofc « Q Z""" ^^^peal of 
 lie Emancipron Bin 1?ao ^^' '"^ '" "^'"^ '''^''^^- 
 
 (*) Peel's Police System in England. 
 
 (J) o ^",f ""^^^1 ^«^^« for England and Scotland 
 («^) Overthrow of Wellington, 1S30 
 
 Lord Grey's Whig Administration, 1830-4 • 
 
 « Pee leader of the Tory oppositio,;. ^• 
 
 (d) Pee s „,,jd opposition to the Reform Bill :8,2 
 (c) Peel's support of the Act for fJ,^ p^ • • 
 
 Slaves, the Factorv Act V ^'"^"c.pation of 
 
 Poor Uw. MunSpi; Act ' ^'^"^"^"^» ^^-'-> New 
 
 (^) Resignation of Grey over failure of Irish Coercion 
 
2l6 
 
 1 1 
 
 .1 ' 
 
 ''i ' 
 
 i 
 
 I ■! 
 
 "IIll 
 
 
 HANOVERIAN PERIOD. 
 
 ^* ^ri^days"-- ^d^i'^istration (Tory) 1834-6 
 
 "' "TlleTrWm.?^? Administration, 1835-184 
 (a) Ivord Jno. Russell leader of the Commons 
 . (d) Rebellion in Canada, 1837. (See II Victoria ) 
 (c) Opium War with China 1839-42. (See II Wm. IV 
 (^0 Afghan War 1840-42. (See II Wm. IV ) 
 
 ^'^ SJriaO ^^^'^''°' "' ^^^'"^^'«'"- («*^^" ni Vic 
 
 ^^■^cSrouHriio''^""^" '° ^'""^^ ^"^^^^ ^^ ''^^'- 
 
 (^) Rise of the Anti-Corn Law League, 1838 to s.cu. 
 foreign corn free of duty : "^ ' 
 
 (i) Leaders of the movement • Rirh-.r,! r 1 1 
 ajjd^^john Bright, the twd'ch^i;;^! "f^!: 
 
 ^'^ feSr'*'" ''^ Melbourne, a .lisciple of Vn 
 h Peel's Second Administration, 1841 6 • 
 
 ^'^^ ;;^:Ll^Se. ^'^^'^^^^"^ Vice-PreJident of ,1, 
 (6) The Afghan War, ,840-42. (See II. William IV 
 (c) iMnance: Peel's income-tax 1842 
 
 ^^^h:rts^c;:dL;r^;;;,l:^^-"^^^-wor^ 
 
 ^■^\h"Bdtish'"'d'f^'?-r^''r'* ^^^ ""^'-- "•'- "Po" 
 lliLU.itish; dt,feal of nativis bv Sir Cbark- v, 
 
 pier; annexation of Siude. 
 
 11 
 
BRITISH HISTORY IN URIKK. 
 
 217 
 
 10. 
 
 II. 
 
 {j>-) Bank Charter Act : Circulation on a basis of bul- 
 lion. 
 
 {/i) Government Regulation of Railways. 
 
 (i) Ashburton Treaty, i84a : Arrangement of the 
 boundary between United States and British North 
 America. (See Canadian History.) 
 
 (/) Oregon Treaty, i846 : Boundary arrangement 
 between English and American territory west of 
 the Rockies. (See Canadian History.) 
 
 (k) The Corn Law«, 1841-6 : 
 
 (i) Bad harvests in England; potato blight in 
 Ireland. Demand for untaxed food. 
 
 (2) Parliament, " the fortress of traditions, vested 
 rights and landlords." 
 
 (3) Peel the champion and representative of Pro- 
 tection ; in 1842 a Free-trader in principle. 
 
 (4) Triumph of Cobden and Bright, " the apostles 
 of common-sense and fair-dealing," in the bat- 
 tle of the Corn Laws. 
 
 (5) Peel's support of Free-Trade : efforts to rej^eal 
 the Corn Laws, 1845. 
 
 (6) Resignation of Peel. Failure of Russell to 
 form a Ministry ; return of Peel to office. 
 
 (7) Repeal of the Corn Laws, 1846 ; fall of the 
 landlord class. 
 
 m 
 
 (/) Peel's defeat by the " Protection Party " and his 
 Coercion Bill to stop crime in Irelan<l. 
 
 (///) Russell in office. Peel's small influtjnce l)ecause 
 of his change of politics. 
 
 PeePs Support of BusselPs Whig Ministry in 
 
 defending, maintaining, and developing the policy of 
 Free-Trade ; in the Irish di.stres.ses ; and in the Chartist 
 Agitations. Death of Peel by accident, 1850. 
 
 PeePs influence : " The foremo.st figure in English 
 
 pi)litics in the first half of the 19th century The soul 
 
 of hoiior, a vtTv DJilteru of uolillcul it'tetrritv. a tsatriot 
 devoted to the peace, welfare, and good government of 
 
' 11 
 
 2l8 
 
 HANOVERIAN PERIOD. 
 
 England .... The one statesman who keiit fir.,, tu ,i 
 
 and honest conviction. ' ■ '""""'"■"* '" '"""w muiurj 
 
 V. John Bright, 1811-1889:- 
 
 I. Bright and Free Trade : 
 
 ^^^ Zl^:i'T{ lu /^'^*^°'■" I^-w Monopoly, ■.„,J 
 greatest of all harriers to the proirress -in 1 , . I 
 penty of the people " proi^ress and ],rob| 
 
 {il) Brighfs eulogy of Peel for givinif '• ahnn.H.w- < 
 untaxed food, the sweeter hec i i ,.,^'"'"''^ ''^' "* 
 leavene.1 by a sense of iiHustice'' ' "" ^^'"^^^ 
 
 2. Bright and War : 
 
 («) Advocacy of peace (Bright a Quaker). 
 
 '^ ' .'?"'"'"•■"""" "f U'c Znln an,l Afoliu,, w,„, 
 bava^jc itnU cruel,'- " "' 
 
 ('■) 
 
 4. Brigh 
 
 {a} 
 
 V>) 
 
 (r) 
 {d) 
 
BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIEF. 
 
 219 
 
 Ull Wiiro ucl 
 
 3. Bright and Parliamentary Reform : 
 
 (a) A leader (Iviberal Party) in the Reform struggle of 
 1831-2. 
 
 (/>) Head of the Manchester School advocating Peace, 
 Retrenchment, Reform :— Abolition of capital 
 punishment ; freedom of the Press ; admission of 
 the Jews to Parliament ; amendment of the 
 national representation, (support of the Reform 
 Bill, 1867) ; abolition of flogging in the army ; 
 establishment of a National System of Education ; 
 abolition of paper duties ; oi)position to Woman' 
 Suffrage, and to Imperial Federation "an ever- 
 growing Empire and the cry for more colonies." 
 
 (r) Bright's attack on the House of Lords, 18S4 : 
 *' Deprive the peers of the right to reject any hill 
 which had twice been sent up to it by the Com- 
 
 mons. 
 
 »i 
 
 Bright and Ireland (See Gladstone ) : 
 {a) Support of the Irish Church Disestablishment Bill, 
 1869, "the most remarkable legislative achieve- 
 ment of modern times." 
 (/>) Support of the Irish Land Act, 1870. " The land 
 of Ireland was in the hands of very few proprie- 
 tors ; the industry, the fortunes, the homes, and 
 the very lives of the cultivating popidation were at 
 the mercy of the owners of the land or of the 
 agents who had the management of their nro- 
 perty." ^ 
 
 (r) Support of Gladstone's Irish Land Bill, 1885. 
 
 Bnght's policy of pacification for Ireland. 
 (</) The Home Rule Question, 1886 :— Secession of 
 
 Liberals : Bright, Chamberlain, Hartington, etc. 
 
 Bright's Character and Influence :— 
 "A career full of noble lessons: manliness, courage, 
 loftiness of j)urpose A great otator, a wise counsel- 
 lor, a true and faithful friend .... The chief pioneer of 
 liberal institutions The matrhUssadvocatc of zonu- 
 lar rights. . . . The sum ot all the best and most tlistni- 
 
220 
 
 HANOVERIAN PERIOD. 
 
 Mi 
 
 guishing characteristics of the Anglo-Saxon rac< 
 l,i«li?r"* of patriotism, honor, virtue, ilhistrate.l i, 
 his life. . .John Bright ' the Incorruptible '." 
 
 VI, Lord John Russell :- 
 
 '■ ^nTfhfr^'" ^d^i^isVation 1830-4 : Russell leader 
 
 Russell "'"'''"'• ^''*''"" ^"'' '^33, introduced hi 
 
 2. Lord Melbourne's Administration, 1835-41 • R.J 
 
 Kiel" Schn'^nrf' %rT^"^ "' ^^^^>'^"' lns,ict.n,l 
 Pr^^ly ScSools'^' '^' '^"""^ "^ teachers.^u..l off 
 3. Bussell Prime Minister (Liberal) 1846-62 • 
 
 (a) Potato blight in Ireland, famine and famine-fever • 
 riots and agrarian disturbances; Irish emigration'l 
 milHo"n "'^ ' '^'''"^'" "^ population from ^8 1^1 
 
 {fi) Protection to Louis Kossuth, the Hungarian patriot 
 and to Hungarian refugees. ""pciirioi, 
 
 (c) Coup d'Etat in France :-Louis Napoleon, Pn„cel 
 Pr^esident of France, made Emperor Napoleon I 111 | 
 
 ^''^ towa^J?'?h^F?^?\'^^^=-?'-^J"^^^««f theSikhsl 
 towards the English power in India; crossinir of 
 the Sutlej and attack of 60.000 natives on EnJlish 
 n««Hr'''^.='°'^^"'"l' ^^f^^t of the i^tiveta 
 
 Outbreak of the second Sikh War cansell lu 
 nmrder of the two British presiding Ucest t 
 
 and at Oujerat ; annexation of the Punjab, 1.S49, ' 
 Kaffir War. 1850.3 :_Cape Colony's disturbance 
 over the quarrels of the Boers and natives S 
 Colony Constitution, 1850. ' ' 
 
 (/) Coloniz^ion of New Zealand, 1850 
 
 U) First great World's Exhibition 1851 
 
 (^) 
 
 
 (0 
 
 
 U) 
 
 4. 
 
 . Buss 
 
 
 
 
 ic): 
 
 5. 
 
 Buss 
 
 sopl] 
 keer 
 and 
 
 m. 
 
 Lord 
 
 I. 
 
 Forei 
 
 2. 
 
 syni] 
 Aber( 
 
 
 (a)i 
 
 (*) 
 
BRITlSn HISTORY IN BKIKF. 
 
 221 
 
 »axon rac( . . 
 illustrated jii 
 le'." 
 
 Russell leadeii 
 introduced h\\ 
 
 836-41 : Re J 
 
 >1 Inspectors, 
 chers, and of] 
 
 J-52: 
 
 Famine-fever ;| 
 
 ill eniigrationj 
 
 from 8 i„ 61 
 
 [arian patriot,i 
 
 oleon, Prill re I 
 x^apoleon III, 
 
 of the vSikhsl 
 
 ; crossing of I 
 
 on English I 
 
 natives at 
 d 5obraon.| 
 
 caused by 
 fficers in the I 
 llanwaKah, 
 unjab, 1.S49. 
 
 disturbance 
 :ives. Cai)e 
 
 (7) Rejection of Russell's Education Bill for local rate 
 support of National Schools. 
 
 (j) Defeat of the government on a Militia liill, 1S52. 
 Lord Derby successor to Russell. 
 
 Russell again Prime Minister, 1866-6 : 
 
 (a) Public Health Act, 1866. 
 
 {/>) Fenian Movement ; suspension of the Habeas 
 Corpus Act in Ireland. 
 
 (f) Defeat of the Ministry on a 2nd Reform Pill, 1S66. 
 Russell's resignation. 
 
 Russell's influence : Taste for literature, art, philo- 
 sophy, history, politics. "One of the boldest and 
 
 keenest champions of Liberalism The earnest friend 
 
 and faithful champion of oppressed nationalities." 
 
 ni. Lord Palmerston, 1784-1865 
 
 for 
 
 ery of gold 
 
 1. Foreign Secretary under Russell ; dismissal 
 
 sympathy with the French Coup d' Etat, 185 1. 
 
 2. Aberdeen's Coalition Ministry, 1852-6 : 
 
 (a) Chief members : Aberdeen, Argyll, Russell, New- 
 castle, Gladstone, Lansdowne, Sidney Herbert, 
 Palmerston as Home Secretary. 
 
 {d) The Crimean War, 1854-6 : 
 
 (i) CausKvS: 
 
 (i) Quarrel between Russia and Turkey about 
 the Holy Places in Jerusalem, and about 
 the protection of the Greek Christians in 
 Turkish Danubian countries. 
 
 (ii) Russian aggression. England's fears for 
 India. 
 
 (iii) Palmerston's desire to destroy Ru.isian 
 power on Black Sea. 
 
 (2) Russo-TuRKiSH War : 
 
 (i) Russian invasion of Danubian ])rovinccs. 
 (ii) Annihilation of Turkish fleet ut Sinope 
 (Turkey iu Asm) 1833. 
 
222 
 
 HANOVERIAN PERIOD. 
 
 (iii) Heroic defence of Kara (Armenia) bv fi 
 lurksunde.Col.Wi„ia„Vs. il^^^g^^l 
 
 (3) Crimean War : 
 
 1854. Alliance of England, France Tnrt,^ .r 
 12. Ending of the a lies rv;- J e^' ^^^''^ 
 Battle of the Alma Sen/ i/.ir^'"' ^^P^' '4 
 
 Ca„rol«rt. Battle of Satacia™ 0«"''*'' 
 
 Palmerston his successor. Reinforcement 3 
 feardmians May. Battle of the 1 l^erm .J^' 
 
 (4) Treaty of Paris, 1856 
 
 '""•rurkl^"*'"" "'"' ""•"to"'" i-K^Krity „f| 
 (iv) I'rotection of Cliristians in Turkey 
 
 ^"66-J?""°""'"■' ^"'«'" Administration, 
 (a) War with China, i8«7.6o- ri„„,.. • , I 
 
 Chinese ,,i^at.v.«^?•TlTe°Ar^'?^:,l?;™■•^"» I 
 
 — ivjtv -ailing iiiKicr 
 
 / 
 
 
 \ 
 
 0) 
 
 S 
 
 H 
 O 
 
 O 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 / 
 
 !Cr 
 
**' 
 
 / 
 
 
 XV. 
 
 "^iriE CRIMEAN WAR, 
 1854-6 
 
 
 CRIMEAN 
 
 0) 
 
 I 
 
 H 
 O 
 
 o 
 
 l^Sc. 
 
 "^/. 
 
 PENINSULA 
 
 
 
 
 % < 
 
 --^r^4 
 
 
 '•'^, 
 
 BLACK SEA 
 
 I'i 
 
600. 
 
 |i '• 
 
 
BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIEF. 
 
 225 
 
 
 a British flag ; England's seizure of Canton ; entry 
 into Pekin of the English and French ; China's 
 payment of a large war indemnity. "There has 
 seldom been so flagrant and so inexcusable an 
 exampleof high-handed lawlessness in the dealings 
 ot a strong with a weak nation." 
 
 Abolition of the transportation of criminals, 1857. 
 Orsini bombs, 1858 : Attempt of the Italian con- 
 spirator to assassinate the French Emperor : daneer 
 of rupture between England and France owing to 
 the escape of some conspirators to England. 
 
 {d) Indian riutlny, 1857-8: 
 
 (1) Conditions: Mutiny in north and north- 
 east ; fidelity of the Punjab under Sir John 
 JUwrence a starting point for re-conquest. 
 
 . The Indian army : 38,000 Europeans with 276 
 guns, 348,000 natives with 248 guns- of 74 
 mfantry regiments 45 mutined, 20 were dis- 
 armed, 3 were disbanded, 6 remained true : the 
 Bengal army the centre of revolt. 
 
 (2) Causes: 
 
 (i) Military grievances: Fear of service 
 abroad; monopoly of rank by English 
 officers; greased cartridges for Enfield 
 rifles, 1856 ; Russian intrigues. 
 
 (ii) National hatred and prejudice : Discon- 
 tent over Lord Dalhousie's introduction of 
 cheap ])ostage, telegraph, native educa- 
 tional system, railways, roadways, irriga- 
 tion ; the annexation of Punjab, Burmah, 
 Sinde, Oude ; the arousing of prejudice 
 through secret agents : the anniversary of 
 Plassey. 
 
 ♦ (ill) Religious fanaticism: Prejudice of Ma- 
 hometans and Hindoos against Christians • 
 abolition by Dalhousie of infanticide the 
 Thug system and burning of widows • 
 fears of natives for their caste ' 
 
2_'6 
 
 
 hanoverian period. 
 (3) Events: 
 
 (1) ileerut "the city of revolt" : Outbreak 
 of the Mutiny, May 8, 1857 ; flight of 
 rebei Sepoys to Delhi the old Mahometan 
 capital. 
 
 (ii) Lucknow "the city of heroic defence " 
 
 ¥^^^3°T^°^- 17, 1857: Fortification of 
 the Residency in the heart of the city l)v 
 Sir Henry Lawrence, Governor of Oude"' 
 Lawrence killed in the ^iege July a ' 
 General Havelock's effort to rel'ieve from' 
 Cawnpore ; successful relief of Lucknow 
 by Havelock and Outram, September 2s 
 raising of the ",i-ge by Sir Colin Campbell' 
 the commander-in-chief, Nov. 17. 
 (iii) Cawnpore " the citv of massacre," June 
 5-July 18, 18s 7 : Surrender of Sir Hu^h 
 Wlieeler, the commandant, under promise 
 of safe-conduct from Nana Sahib ; mass- 
 acre of 450 men on the Ganges ; mass- 
 acre of 200 women and children, and their 
 mutilated bodies flung iito the well of 
 Cawnpore ; punishment 0/ the natives hv 
 Havelock. 
 
 (iv) Delhi '« the city of heroic assault," June 
 ^— Sept. 20, 1857 :— Proclamation of the 
 Mogul as Emperor by 30,000 rebels; 
 assault of 8,000 British and Sikhs- X2 
 eiicounters before the citv; capture of 
 Delhi in a SIX days' assault, 
 (v) Last days of the Mutiny .--Suppression of 
 revolt by Sir Colin Campbell in Oude. by 
 Sir Hugh Rose, Central India, 1858. 
 (4) ResuIvTs: 
 
 End of the East India Co. Transfer of India to 
 the crown of England under direct rule 
 Development of India's resources; of her 
 canas, railways, telegraphs; of her social, 
 intellectual, and commercial condition. (See 
 Ihe Indian Empire of the Victorian Era.'M 
 
 4. Pall 
 
 i^) 
 
 
 (e) 
 
 
 5. Pain 
 
 hon 
 pro, 
 serv 
 cee( 
 
 6. Ohar 
 
 enei 
 
 ^ rapi 
 
 incc 
 
 III. Ben, 
 1805- 
 
 I. Earl^ 
 (a) 
 
 ic) 
 
BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIEF. 227 
 
 4. Palmerston again Prime Minister, 1869-65 :— 
 
 {a) Connnercial Treaty with France, throuirh Glad- 
 stone and Cobden. 
 
 ^^^ fsS"^'"" ""^ ^^^ '^"^^ ""' P^'P*'*'' ^'^ Gladstone, 
 (r) Death of Albert " the Good," i86i. 
 
 (d) Trouble in New Zealand with the Maoris or 
 Natives, 1862, 
 
 {e) Ashantee War, 1863 ; abandoned owin^ to the 
 
 ravages by sickness among English troops. 
 (/) Development of the volunteer movement 
 (^) American Civil War, 1861-5: England's pay- 
 ment of ^3,500,000 Alabama claims for allowim' 
 vessels built in English ship yards to be used by 
 the vSoutherners. ■' 
 
 5. Palmerston's Policy:-" A Conservative in politics at 
 
 home a revolutionary abroad.... No interest in any 
 projects of political reform or domestic interests To 
 serve the purpose of the hour was his policy • to 'suc- 
 ceed in serving it, his triumph." ' 
 
 6. dharacter of Palmerston :-Proud, self-confi<lent 
 ^ rTni'Jin' • ^ ^''^"'^' = ''"">'• ^""^'>'' ^-^y i» "nunoJ; 
 
 In^^sideri"?"""'' P^'""'" ' ^''^" ^"^^^^^^^ -^'^ 
 
 Vin. Benjamin Disraeli 
 1805-1881:- 
 
 I. Early career : 
 
 (a) " A man of Hebrew parentage, without wealth or 
 social position or aristocratic connection or earlv 
 political influence." ^ 
 
 {!>) M. P. for Maidstone, 1837. 
 
 (c) Politics : At first a Radical, later a Conservative • 
 supporter of Peel. ' 
 
 id) Theories of government for England : Preserva- 
 tion of the landed interest, the cause of the Church 
 of England : the Tory Party to incb.sde everv cH« 
 in the country. ' -cr^ class 
 
 (Lord Beaconsfield) 
 
228 
 
 HANOVKRIAN PERIOD. 
 
 on Peel for upholding Free j 
 
 3- 
 
 4. 
 
 (f) Disraeli's attack 
 Trade, 1841. 
 
 (/) Disraeli's sui^port of Free Trade principles, 1S42. 
 , Lord Dorby's Administration (Conservative) 1852 i 
 (Feb. 10 Dec): 
 
 {a) Disraeli Chancellor of the Exchequer and leader 
 
 ot the Commons. ' 
 
 (d) Militia Bill, 1852. 
 
 [c) Constitution to New Zealand, 1852. 
 
 {(i) Death of the Duke of Wellington, 1852. 
 
 {e) Palmerston's Ministry, 1852-1855. 
 
 Lord Derby's Second Administration, 1858-59 : 
 
 (a) Disraeli Chancellor of the Exchequer and leader 
 
 of the Commons. ' 
 
 (/>) Removal of Jewish Disabilities, 1858. 
 
 {c) Abolition of property qualification for members ofl 
 Parliament, 1859. 
 
 {(i) Defeat of Reform Bill, 1859. Palmerston's Admin- 
 istration 1859-1865. Russell's Ministry 1865-1866 i 
 Lord Derby's Third Administration, 1866-1868' 
 (a) Disraeli Chancellor of the Exchequer and leader of 
 the Commons. f 
 
 (A) First successful Atlantic Cable, (Cyrus W Field 
 the projector), 1866. ' '' 
 
 (c) Reform Bill, 1867 :— Household suffrage. 
 
 id) British North American Act, 1867 — Confederi 
 ^^l^'it.""^^^'^ .provinces of British North America 
 into the Dominion of Canada. 
 
 (e) First Trades-Unions and Co-operative Societies 
 1007. 
 
 (/) The Fenians, 1866.7 -league for promoting and I 
 assisting revolutionary movements in Irclaiul 
 Frustration of a plot to seize Chester CastK 
 Damage to Clarkenwell Prison (London) by ex-, 
 plosion. Defeat at Ridgeway of a Fenian invasion 
 of Canada. ■ 
 
 (i' ) Failure of Lord Derby's health. 
 
 Disrai 
 
 (Feb 
 
 (a) A 
 
 d 
 
 {^) A 
 
 ic) G 
 
 I 
 
 f. 
 
 c 
 
 Disrae 
 
 (a) L 
 
 t 
 
 P 
 ai 
 
 C 
 
 b 
 
 c< 
 
 {c) P, 
 
 C 
 
 it] 
 
 Vi 
 Fi 
 
 O: 
 
 (/)TI 
 
 (I 
 
 W 
 
 id) 
 
 (2 
 (3 
 (4 
 
 (5 
 
BRITISH IIISTOKY IN XJKlIvl-. 
 
 229 
 
 (Coiiservjitive), 1868 
 
 holding Free I 5. Disraeli's First Ministrv 
 
 (Feb. to Dec): 
 
 (a) Abyssinian Expedition: Nupier's cintnro .„ i 
 destruct on of ffagdala ; rel^.^L'f K.^ sh priso 
 ers. Suicide of King Theodore. t."''" pnson- 
 
 (d) Abolition of public executions 
 
 ^'^ Polt'office.' '"""''"^ °^ Telegraph lines and the 
 
 ^"^^ ^nr^^if A^^ Government on Gladstone's motion 
 for the disestablishment of the Irish Chnrpi, 
 Gladstone Premier, 1868-1874. • ' ^.hurch. 
 
 S. Disraeli's Second Ministry, 1874-1880 
 
 ciplcs, 1842. 
 /ative) 1852 
 
 er and leader! 
 
 52. 
 
 1858-59: 
 
 er and leader 
 
 r members of| 
 
 ton's Admin- 
 ry i865-i,S66,| 
 ^866-1868: 
 and leader of I 
 
 usW. Field,! 
 
 age. 
 
 : — Confeder- 
 •rth America I 
 
 ^e Societies, 
 
 imoting and] 
 in Irelaiul 
 ;ster Castle. 
 I don) by ex- 
 ian invasioul 
 
 {a) Imperial principles :-Efforts to secure Imperial 
 Unity, a Federal Parliament for all the Sh 
 po^^ssions, and closer relations of the cSoiiies 
 and the Home Government. ^^oionies 
 
 {d) Chief colleagues in Disraeli's Cabinet : Lord Salis- 
 bury. Lord Derby, Farl Cairns, Sir Stafford North- 
 er) Purchase of the Khedive's sha., in the Suez 
 
 SZeLfrS^lf '° '''''''' ^'^•^^•-•^•--r^li" 
 id) Victoria Empress of India. 1876 
 (e) Federation of South Africa :-Natal,Cape Colonv 
 
 Orange Free Republic, th< Transvaal 1^77: ^' 
 (/) The Eastern Question : 
 
 (ij Insurrections in Herzegovina, Crete Servia 
 Bosnia, Montenegro, Roumania ' ^^' 
 
 (2) Revolution in Constantinople. The Sultan's 
 dethronement and suicide. 
 
 (3) Bulgarian atrocities by Turkish soldiers 
 Turko-Russian War, 1877. ='"miers. 
 
 (4) Beaconsfield's defence of Turkey Emrlish 
 occupation of Cyprus in return fo^security t 
 iurkey against invasion and aggression. 
 
 (5) ConsresA nff Ra^-iim .0-0 r .. 
 
 of HmT^o'Z ■"";;'"■*'"'"' '"rtiie settlement 
 of the Eastern Question; Beaconsfield and 
 
230 
 
 TreatJ 
 
 J- ■ 
 
 
 HANOVERIAN PERIOD. 
 
 Sf "RinL^^^I'^"^'^ representatives. Tr. 
 
 Of Berln: "Complete independence fnl 
 
 Roumania. Servia, Montenegro; Bulcarkf 
 
 self-governing yet tributary to Turkey ^'1 
 
 ministrative autonomy for E Roumeli; ' 1 I 
 
 under the direct politLl and mmtar^auU ^J 
 
 m^ of the Sultan; Bosnia and Her/.eg^ov" a t? 
 
 be occupied and administered by Austria tl J 
 
 Black Sea to be open to Russia w^ar-vesSs J 
 
 Its shores to Russian arsenals " ^ 
 
 (^) Afghan War, 1879-80 :— 
 
 (0 Causes .--Intrigues of Russia against British 
 JolTrS^Ltst.^"^^^'^^ ^^^^^" ^^ 
 
 ^'^ S wftiTtf "^i"'^ occupation of Cahul 
 treaty with the Ameer : payment of /60 «» , 
 year to the Ameer, cession of Afghan fVomL 
 to India, English possession of tlfe three gr 
 nlabufo ?S ^/\^^"i«^«» to India, reslfe 3 
 envov 9,V T "^'? ^"''°^- Massacre of ti,3 
 CS ^8,0"^";? .?^y^«"^". a»d his escort, a 
 f i«« f J??^; ^".t'^^^ re-capture and occu ,a 
 S°"i °I, S_^^"^ ' brilliant march of Gener d 9 
 Fred. Roberts from Cabul to Cand^W H 
 rout of the Afghans at Candahar. 880 t i'J 
 Ameer a prisoner in India ' ' 
 
 (/t) Zulu War, 1879 : 
 
 (1) Causes :-Dispute between the Zulu Kiiu'l 
 Cetewayo, and the Transvaal over border ten 
 
 South Afric'l\ .n, ^ . Commissioner fori 
 ooutn Atrica) ; Cetewayo's defence-measnn^J 
 against Frere's policy o/conquest "'^^'"'^^^1 
 
 ^'^ ?!lh'!l'J*^.'-^"7?'"«n «f ^-Inland by the Tm„.| 
 
 I oi?s N«rl?l. '' ""^"''"/'^^'"s, death of Prince 
 mollis Napoleon ; heroic defence of the Im a 
 hsh camp at Rorke's Drift ; I,ord CheWfi^l 
 
BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIEF. 
 
 231 
 
 atives. Treat{ 
 ependence fol 
 gro ; Bulgaria 
 to Turkey ; adl 
 Roumelia, bul 
 military author) 
 Herzegovina {d 
 3y Austria ; thi 
 war-vessels and 
 
 igainst British 
 [hau objection 
 
 n of Cahul 
 t of j^6o,oa() 
 fghan fromiei] 
 he three greaa 
 idia, residencef 
 assacre of tlie 
 I his escort, all 
 i and occupa] 
 { General Sir, 
 tidahar ; total] 
 »r, 1880 ; tlie 
 
 Zulu Kiufi] 
 • border tcrri-i 
 ators againstj 
 vard by Sir! 
 lissioner fori 
 ice-measuresl 
 
 by tlio Twip-I 
 indhlawanal 
 
 :h of Prill eel 
 of the Kiij^.j 
 'helnisford' 
 
 victory at Ulundi ; capture and imprisonment 
 of Cetowago ; annexation of Zululand. 
 
 (/) Boer War, 1879-81 (See IX Gladstone) : 
 
 * 
 
 (r) Eari,y History of South Africa :— First 
 Boer settlement by the Dutch East India Co. 
 at Cape Town, 1652 ; cession of Cape Colony 
 to the British, 1814 ; abolition of slavery in 
 British dominions, 1833 ; the great Boer trek 
 to Natal, 1835 ; Boer conquest and oppression 
 of natives, a menace to British settlements ; 
 British defeat of the Boers and annexation of 
 Natal, 1843 ; Boer occupation of Orange Free 
 State ; British annexation in self-defence of 
 all the territory between the Orange and Vaal 
 Rivers, 1848; Boer dislodgnient of natives, 
 and settlement in Transvaal under British 
 oversight ; the conventions of 1852 and 1854 
 by which England relinquished her sovereign- 
 ty over both Transvaal and Orange Free State 
 on condition of the abolition of slavery ; Boer 
 attack on the Bechuanas and consequent* 
 defeat, 1871 ; British rescue of the Boers from 
 the Basutos; jeopardy to British interests in 
 South Africa owing to lawlessness, bankruptcy, 
 slavery in Boerdom ; appeal of the Boers for 
 British intervention an ' protection against 
 extinction at the hands of the natives ; restor- 
 ation of British authority in the Transvaal by 
 Federation of South Africa, 1877. 
 
 2) War of Indeprndencr :— Futile appeal of 
 Kruger and Joubert to Gladstone for inde- 
 pendence ; Boer acts of violence, lawlessness, 
 and refusal to pay taxes ; appointtnent by the 
 Boers of Kaijjer, Joubert, and Tretorius to 
 administer their government ; open revolt of 
 the Transvaal, 18H0 ; defeat of the British at 
 LaiiiK's Nek and Ingogo, 1881 ; annihilation 
 of a British force of 300 under Gen. Sir Geo. 
 Coiiey at Majuba rliii, Feb. 27, 1881. 
 
 i#- 
 
2^2 
 
 HANOVKRIAN PERIOD. 
 
 ■selfJ 
 
 (3) ReSUI,T:— Britain •« «-^^- 
 
 Evelyn wSfof cSS:' /'""*'"«>^ 
 government under Rrifioj^ V'^^^rnal self 
 
 7. Character of Beacon «fll?f suzerainty. 
 
 and sarcaim, daring irrheto^''"'..'?^^, ^^"> '•^'tS 
 abused man of his dav a i^f^' ^^si^y the (J 
 and of a brave loftv^n,]'^ ^^^^ "'''» ^^ ^-eal geniu 
 simplicity of character "^ commanding spirit. S^' 
 
 8. Estimate of Beacon afl£»i^ tt- 
 
 in public affalrsTeoof ju^^^^^^^^^ 
 control '' The champion of 7e'll- *'^P^'^'^>' ^^ 
 British lauded gentrv iL^l • r^^^ aristocracy, tlu 
 alism." " ^^"''>^' Imperialism, and Sensation 
 
 m 
 
 } I 
 
 "Tii'll'? ='""' Oladstone. ,809.May 
 
 I. Early Career :— 
 
 (a) Third son of Sir Tohn ri. » * 
 
 merchant, Member if Par S^^^^^^^ « ^'^v-erpool 
 Canning. parliament anu supporter ofi 
 
 (*) Education at Eton and Oxford. 
 (C) Lrladstone's noliiirs • n.-o„: 1 
 
 Kefor,,,; lateraRrdioaKell" "" ""— "' 
 
 " s'Jry u;;5iJ"SLti8|4" ^ ^"■"- I--" of the T,,...., 
 W Under Secretary for the r^io • 
 
 «"d resignation of pL!LtheIrTr;:h'^ ^^''^^'«M 
 (/) Peel again in office is/rr? "'"'''• ^"^^^^■^"'' 
 
 •lent o? the Board Vr i^l^'''*^""^ Vice-Prosi 
 
 ITi vy CouncilTor "^ ^ '^^^"' ^"^'^'^ ^^ the ilnu, 
 (^) President of the Board «f t i 
 
 tion in 1845 over GovLl, ^' '^'*3. Resigna- 
 
 Catholic CoVlnS^^Sr"' ^^"'^ ^« ^-- ' 
 °/f dstone and Free Trade - ' 
 
 and Uberalism b^y GlX^nc ll^d '/ed "iS'l^' ^'''^^> 
 
BRITISH HIvSTORY IN BRIEF. 
 
 ' iiiternal > 
 irainty. 
 
 s, self-confidentj 
 eady with re turj 
 Basil y the l,esj 
 of real ganhJ 
 : spirit, witliouj 
 
 233 
 
 09-May 19! 
 
 ^ a I^iverpoo 
 u supporter ofl 
 
 -el ; at first al 
 measures of| 
 
 of the Trea- 
 
 ^^35' Defeat I 
 rch questi.Mi. 
 
 2 Vice.Presi 
 of the Mint, 
 
 5. Resi^r,,;,. 
 • to Roman 
 
 '■» haws : - 
 Trade Party 
 
 (d) Gladstone M. P. for Oxford, 1847. 
 
 {c) Peel's death, 1850. Aberdeen's Coalition Ministry, 
 1852-1855 :~Gladstone Chancellor of the Hx- 
 chequer. 
 
 {d) Advocacy of University Reform and removal of 
 Jewish disabilities. 
 
 (c) The Crimean War : Resignation of Gladstone over 
 the government's mismanagement. Overthrow of 
 Aberdeen's Administration. Palmerston Premier 
 1855-1858. 
 
 (/) Gladstone Lord High Commissioner to the Ionian 
 Is., 1858. Derby Premier, 1858-9. 
 
 Palmerston's 2nd Adminip^rti ion, 1859-1866 :— 
 
 (a) Gladstone Chancellor 0/ lii^ Exchequer. 
 
 (d) Gladstone's Repeal c^ 1 . Paper Duty, leading to 
 cheap newspapers, i860. 
 
 (t) Commercial Treaty with France by Gladstone and 
 Cobden. 
 
 (d) Gladstone's sympathy with Italian unity and 
 independence, and with Garibaldi, 1860-1S64. 
 
 (f) M. P. for South Lancashire, 1865. Palmenston's 
 death. 
 
 Russell's 2nd Administration, 1865-1866 .— 
 
 (rt) Gladstone leader of the House of Commons, 1865. 
 Lord Rector of Glasgow University, 
 
 (h) Defeat of the Government on the Irish Refortn 
 Bill, 1866. Admini.strations of Derby 1S66-8 and 
 Disraeli, 1868. Gladstone Member for Greenwich. 
 Gladstone Premier, (l^iberal) 1868-1874:— 
 
 {(i) Chief cabinet colleagues :—Hright, Granville, 
 Hartington, Clarendon, Argyle, Childers, Bruce! 
 Forstcr, Harcourt. 
 
 (ft) Abolition of compulsory church rates, 1878. 
 
 {c) Disestablishment of Episcopacy as the 5tate 
 
 Church in Ireland, 1869:— The principle of 
 
 equality amonii the - '- - ' 
 
 Ireland. 
 
 reliiriuuH 
 
 — c 
 
 (If tir>tiiitiat<r>i<i> 
 
 ..t 
 
234 
 
 I I 
 
 (^) 
 
 HANOVERIAN PERIOD. 
 
 tenant ; overthrow of laudlor/tyrannr ^ 'I 
 Forster's Elementary Education Act .«,J 
 A free system of National ^ucaUon • " 'fTI 
 ment of School Boards and 10^0^"^ te supSr 
 
 (^) AboHtjon^of the .ysten. of p^^^f ^atull 
 
 (A) University Te«t« Bill, iSii •_ai,oH«„„ , j 
 gMus tests for admission tb 'theVnhlrJ 1 
 
 *%»barna^:?„»|;„'«:',V-^.«eu.e,.t 
 
 "on (See VIl, Lord ptlmirrto^"""'"^ *^« 
 
 (y) rrades-Union Bill rRyr • tj^^ i , , i 
 
 bearing harshly ou'th'e^'loTkl^^^Lsl >egi,l,.| 
 
 '■'' tore't;-x°' &°-Lir.n-t B ,, .« 
 
 La,v System, to Fegula.e dl"ri'c?'bS,S "" '' 
 Repeal of the Ecclesiastical Titles Bi Ts,, 
 (»<) I'ranco-Prussian War 1870 ■,. ■ ,'"'''• 
 
 and lorraine by ■Cce.""?;^ cTaXuM '' 
 ^0 Reform Bill. 187a- p«f.o « ^epuDHt. 
 peasantry or lowJf JfasTes^^^'^^^^^^^^^^t of 
 
 (o) Ballot Act .87a, to make voting secret 
 
 i^) 
 
 (0 
 
 li 
 
 I *"/0 • J Ml 
 
 Ashantee War, 1873.4 — 
 
 (i) Refusal of the Kiiijr of Ach«.t,to» ♦ J 
 
 territory ceded to E^g^iLrb^^: ^°„,r"^ 
 
 i?73llV^it'?!°":;;'£;'r''^'' ?"' '"^ '- 
 
 01 ail tut insii colleges wii 
 
 {c) 
 
 Glat 
 tory 
 
 7. Gladstoi 
 
 («) 
 
 Boc 
 
 of 1 
 
 
 proi 
 inte 
 
 
 Dea 
 
 his 
 
 Day 
 
 (0 
 
 
 (a) 
 
 
 (3) 
 
BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIEF. 
 
 235 
 
 enant not to) 
 ng as he paidf 
 7 substantial f 
 Security for 
 ranny. ' 
 
 on Act, !87(L 
 ation ; establj 
 ■«te support. 
 1870 :— Comj 
 ithin school a 
 se of tank in j 
 
 bolition of . 
 UniversitiesJ 
 f Dissenters. 
 
 —Settlement | 
 Boundary gy 
 n.) 
 
 of legislatl 
 isses. 
 
 ecret. 
 nis. 
 
 ee to evacu^ 
 le Dutch. 
 on .--Fall 
 
 1 for Irc'latil 
 collegeii wi| 
 
 Trinity College, Dublin ; establishment of a sys- 
 tem acceptable to Protestants 'and Catholics alike. 
 Gladstone's resignation. Dissolution of Parlia- 
 ment. 
 
 Disraeli Premier, 1874-1880 : 
 
 (a) Gladstone's resignation of the leadership of the 
 Liberal Party ; his successor, the Aiarquis of 
 Hartington ( Duke of Devonshire) . 
 
 {b) Gladstone's literary and historical studies ; essays 
 and pamphlets : 
 
 (i) Protest against the imprisonment of Italian 
 Liberals by the King of Naples, as Garibaldi 
 said "the first trumpet-call to Italian liberty." 
 
 (2) *^ Bulgarian Horrors,'^ a denunciation of 
 Turkish cruelty ; recommendation of expul- 
 sion of the Turks from Europe. 
 
 {c) Gladstone's Midlothian Campaign ; Liberal vic- 
 tory, 1880. 
 
 Gladstone Premier a Second Time, 1880-6 : — 
 
 (a) Boer War, 1879-81 (See VIII Disraeli) 
 of the British at Majuba Hill, 1881. 
 promise, through Sir Evelyn Wood, of 
 internal self-government under British suzerainty. 
 
 {b) Death of Beaconsfield, 1881. The anniversary of 
 his death, April 19, commemorated as " Primrose 
 Day." 
 
 (r) Efl^yptian War, 1883 :— 
 
 ( 1 ) England and France in control of Egyptian 
 finances in consideration of certain loans. 
 
 (2) Revolt of Arabi Pasha, Egyptian Minister of 
 War : " Egypt for the Egyptians." 
 
 (3) Bombardment 01 Alexandria by the English. 
 Egypt occupied by British forces under 
 Wolseley. 
 
 (4) Rout of Arabi's forces at Tel-el-Kebir ; 
 capture of the rebel leader ; Arabi i:i Exile. 
 Capture of Cairo by British cavalry. 
 
 : — Defeat 
 Britain's 
 complete 
 

 '\ 
 
 __^u. —.5"! 
 
 Abo KlM^lr''^,, ^V''i.\ 
 
 r\< '^-... "'""" 3yh^ «'«•-> 
 
 
 I i? 
 
 ' \ ^ ' ' 'iTi 
 
 XVII. 
 
 THE ENGLISH IN EGYPT \ <»** i" i^ 
 AND V • 07 
 
 THE SOUDAN 
 
 (d) 
 
/ 2 
 
 V \ 
 
 , 
 
 rn^ 
 
 \ 
 
 w 
 
 1 ^V t* 
 
 \ 
 
 
 IM 
 
 L 
 
 \ 
 
 KlctJlf' 
 
 -'? 
 
 
 mntrhT 
 
 f 
 
 
 
 
 -V ) 
 
 
 K 
 
 
 F/ 
 
 
 W 
 
 u* 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 <■ ' " 
 
 
 (2) 
 
 (4) 
 
 BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIEF. j-- 
 
 (5) British occupation as a foreclosure of Eng- 
 land's mortgage on Egypt, and to protect he 
 Khedive and to restore order. Withdrawal of 
 Prance from the dual control. >"^awai ot 
 
 {d) War In the Soudan, 1883-5 :— 
 
 ^'^ ouTthVT^^'^r' °^"^^ Mahometans to drive 
 
 British support of the Khedive against the 
 prophet '^" ^^^^^' ^ ^^"^"^^^ ^«J«^ 
 
 under Col Hicks, by the Mahdi's troona • 
 
 S-'' °' ?.?"■ Gordon, Governor of Esypt to 
 to^m " ;*"""="' wi'h the Mahdi af Thar" 
 toum. Gordon a privjner, 1884 
 
 ''^ neAer^'frl*^?; 5^8'«h to relieve Tokar and 
 ErTrbaTat^S'nieh'"' °' ""■ ^'""^ « 
 
 ^=.r.™"^iL^^d^tY.u^■°^ -- 
 
 (7) Nile relief force under I,ord Wolselev and 
 General Wilson (successor to Stewart) ^Mur 
 
 Death of Prince Leopold, 1884. 
 
 Ts*??*; P^* "^^^^ ***' P««-"«mentary Reform Bill 
 
 1885 (Complement of Reform Bill, 1872) 
 
 (i) Enfranchisement of agricultural labore-s of 
 
 workmen in town, of rial househokler' ' °^ 
 (2) Representation bypopulatioi 
 
 ot constituencies. 
 (3> Extinction of 160 small boroughs. 
 
 re-arrangement 
 
238 
 
 HANOVERIAN PERIOD. 
 
 (g-) Redistribution Act, 1885. 
 
 (/i) Defeat of Gladstone's and Irish Land Bill, 1885 
 Organized obstruction of the Nationalist HoniJ 
 Rule Party under Parnell ; assassination of horl 
 Cavendish, Chief Secretary for Ireland, and Burke 
 Permanent Secretary, in Phoenix Park, Dublin. 
 
 (i) Liberal victory in general elections, 1885. Glad 
 stone's decline of the title of "Karl." 
 
 (/) Prevention of Crimes Bill, 1885 : Measures 
 coercion for Ireland. 
 
 {k) Gladstone's adoption of Home Rule for Ireland! 
 defection from the Liberal Party of the Libera/ 
 Unionists, Chamberlain, Bright, Hartington, GoJ 
 Chen, etc. Salisbury Premier, 1885-6. 1 
 
 8. Gladstone Premier a third Time 1886 (February tl 
 
 August) :— -^ ' 
 
 {a) Colonial and Indian Exhibition. 
 
 {b) Annexation of New Guinea, North Borneo, Bechi 
 analand. 
 
 (c) Defeat of Gladstone's Home Rule Bill. 
 {d) Conservative victory in the general elections. 
 
 9. Lord Salisbury's 1st Administration, 1886-1892.1 
 
 (a) Gladstone leader of the Opposition. 
 
 (d) Queen's Jubilee, 1887. 
 
 (c) Adoption of Gladstone's Local Government Bill 
 1888 : System of County Councils, 
 
 {d) Rejection in the Commons of Gladstone's Relieiou 
 Disabilities Bill, 1891. ** 
 
 Gladstone Premier a Fourth. Time, If 02-4 : 
 
 (a) Chief cabinet colleagues : Morley, Asquith' Roa 
 bery, Harcourt. ' 
 
 (b) Employers' Liability Bill, 1893: Duties of emploj 
 ers towards employees. 1 
 
 (c) Advocacy of Arbitration, and European conceJ 
 based on moral principles. 
 
 {d) Threat of a Commons' War on the Lord.s fij 
 obstructing the will of the people. 
 
 10 
 
 12. 
 
BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIEF. 
 
 239 
 
 Jorneo, Btchu 
 
 (e) Behrlng Sea Arbitration, 1893 —Settlement of 
 the rights o,- England and the United States in 
 seahng opert.tions in Behring Sea. (See IX 
 "Salisbury.") 
 
 (/) Struggle over Gladstone's and Home Rule BUI. 
 1893-4 :— 
 
 (i) Irish grievances :— Feudal oppression, absen- 
 teeism of landlords, land-agent evictors, over- 
 population, famine, etc, 
 
 (2) Defeat of the Bill in the Lords, 1893. 
 
 (3) Resignation of Gladstone as leader. Lord 
 Rosebery his successor, 1894. 
 
 {£■) Liberal defeat in the elections of 1895. 
 
 11. Gladstone's Last Years : 
 
 (a) Pamphlets and speeches on "The Armenian 
 Question,'' 1895-7. 
 
 (d) " T/ie Eastern Crisis,'' a denunciation of the 
 action of European powers and their attitude 
 towards Greece, 1897. 
 
 {c) The Diamond Jubilee, 1897. 
 
 {d) Death of England's " Grand Old Man," May lo. 
 i8q8. ^ ^ 
 
 12. Estimate of Gladstone : "A giant in debate, in 
 administration, in capacity for work, and in his mental 
 grasp." Marvellous instinct of order, courage, mag- 
 nanimity, resource, indomitable British pluck. A man 
 of sound politics based on sound morals ; of vast 
 energies, impetuous eloquence, impressive earnestness, 
 elevation of character, beneficence of purpose, and 
 sincere devotion to the puWic good. "The knight- 
 errant of liberty, equality, justice, humanity, mercy, 
 truth and right. . . He combined the eloquence of 
 Fox, the experience of Chatham, the courage of Pitt, 
 with the financial and administrative capacity „f Peel.' 
 
 . . He transferred the motive force of the British 
 state from the Parliament to the Platform and the 
 Press. He did more than any single man with pen 
 and voice to create Italy and to destroy tliedoniiiiation 
 
240 
 
 HANOVERIAN I'KRIOD. 
 
 ^11, 
 
 of the Turk. . . Probably no one, past or present li.il 
 in combination so many gifts of voice, manner, flu'encv 
 and argument, style, reason, and passion Aii 
 
 essayist, a critic, a Homeric scholar, a dilettante in ar* 
 and music ; a theological controversialist, a political 
 economist, a financier, a practical .idministrator a 
 statesman, an orator." ' 
 
 X. Lord Salisbury :— 
 
 1. First Administration, 1886-6 : 
 
 2. Second Administration, 1886-92 : 
 
 (a) Chief members of the Cabinet :— Churchill Gos- 
 Chen, Smith, Balfour, Hicks-Beach. 
 
 {b) The Queen's Julnlee, 1887. 
 
 {c) Irish Land Bill, 1887. 
 
 {d) Irish Crimes Bill, 1887 :— Special legislation for tli.> 
 repression of crime and the enforcement of law 
 and order. 
 
 , {e) The Irish Nationalists :— Imprisonment and pro- 
 
 secution of O'Brien, Dillon, Sullivan. Eviction -' 
 tenants in Ireland for non-payment of rent 
 Repression by the police of public meetings 
 Suppression of the National Ivcague. 
 
 (/) Death of Alfred Tennyson, Poet Laureate, 1888. 
 
 (i--) Irish Land Purchase Bill, 1890 :— Authorized 
 advances of public money to Irish tenants to 
 enable them to purchase their holdings and 
 become the owners of the land they cuitivHted. 
 
 (/O Local Government Bill for England and Wales, 
 1890 :— Local county government on the basis of 
 household suffrage. 
 
 Death of Parnell, the Irish leader, 1891. 
 Death of the Duke of Clarence and Avondak- 
 eldest son of the Prince of Wales, and, after his 
 father, heir to the British throne, 1892. 
 
 Qladstoxre Premier, 1892-4 : 
 
 (0 
 
present, lial 
 iner, fluencv 
 iion. . . Ail 
 ^ttante in ar* 
 , a political 
 inistrator, a 
 
 BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIEF. 
 
 4. Salisbury's Third Administration, 1895- 
 (a) Social Evetvttq /'««^ y» . 
 
 241 
 
 rcliill, Gos- 
 
 ition for the 
 lent of law 
 
 t and pro- 
 Eviction '^f 
 It of rent, 
 meetings. 
 
 ite, 1888. 
 
 Authorized 
 tenants to 
 dings and 
 tivHted. 
 
 ind Wales, 
 tie basis of 
 
 Avondale, 
 I, after his 
 
 {a) SociAi, Events (See Xj ; 
 
 (i) Famines in India, i8o6-'7 Ti,« ^ r ,- 
 Famine, 1899-1900 affect^'n., ^^ ^'^^^ ^"^^'^ 
 pie. Bubonic Hague i,/"f„^'^,r° P'^" 
 |otal deaths from ffnnne"anf ptgu^^^f^l^ 
 
 (2) The Queen's "Diamond Jubilee '' 180, 
 ga henng at I^ondon of representatives fr^om 
 British colonies and possessions 
 
 (3) Death of Gladstone, 1898 
 
 ceremonies m the Church of Kngland!''"'' "' 
 (5) The Queen's visit to Ireland, April 19,^0 
 (/') P01.1T1CA1, Events : 
 
 (I) Settlement of administrative problems- on 
 age pensions ; discouraifenient of r>!.n^ ^'^ 
 migration ; exclusion of^ forehm/m^Se^'riinn 
 pods; removal of inequality be?wee?r 
 ocal governments in England and in Irdaid 
 compensation by employers for acd lei u ' 
 employees, 1S98. accweui.s to 
 
 (2) Education Bill, 1807 -—State mVl f^ 1 . 
 schools. ^'" *° voluntary 
 
 (3) Anglo-Attierican Arbitration Treaty 1807 
 Rejected by the U.S. Senate. ^' ^^^ 
 
 (5) Anglo-American Entente •««- 
 
 boundary betwe™ ll^L .fT'?''^'?' ""^ 
 High Commission { represent! lur PnfoV. ■>? 
 
'1 
 
 i 
 
 242 
 
 HANOVERIAN PERIOD. 
 
 (6) Behring Sea Commission, 1897 : 
 
 (7 j Abolition of slavery in the Niger country, 1897, 
 
 (8) Abrogation of the Commercial Treaties with 
 'Germany and Belgium, giving effect to Pre- 
 ferential Tariff with Canada, 1897. 
 
 (9) Treaty of commerce and friendship with King 
 Menelek of Abyssinia, 1897. 
 
 (10) President Kruger's renunciation of British 
 suzerainty over the Transvaal, 1897, 
 
 (11) Local Government Measure for Ireland, 
 
 1898 : — Absolute power of Ireland over her 
 own taxation. Her local government system 
 identical with that in Kngland and Wales. 
 
 (12) Anglo-Qerman Treaty, 1898 :— Settlement 
 of respective rights and boundaries in Africa. 
 Germany's recognition of the pennanence of 
 British occupation of Egypt. Facilities for 
 German colonization in Asia Minor. Co- 
 operation of England and Germany in China. 
 
 (13) Imperial Penny Postage, 1898. 
 
 (14) Labor Charter Demands, 1898 :- Electoral 
 reforms ; land reforms or assessment for taxa- 
 tion on the full value of the land ; payment of 
 members of parliament ; extension of Work- 
 inen's Compensation Act to all trades and 
 industries on land or sea ; a Miners' 8 hours a 
 day Bill ; minimum wage of 24s. a week for 
 laborers in government departments; regis- 
 tration of persons in charge of steam-engines 
 and boilers. 
 
 (15) Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman, leader of the 
 Liberals on the resignation of Sir Wm. Vernon 
 Harcourt. 
 
 (16) The 5amoan Difficulty, 1899:— Berlin 
 Treaty of 1889 giving to Britain, Germany, 
 United States, supervision of the islands, the 
 natives however electing their own King. 
 Rival chiefs with native fnllo^vings, the Ger- 
 
Ltry, 1897. 
 
 aties with 
 ;t to Pre- 
 
 vith King 
 
 >f British 
 
 Ireland, 
 
 over her 
 it system 
 ^ales. 
 
 ettlement 
 n Africa, 
 inence of 
 lities for 
 nor. Co- 
 in China. 
 
 Electoral 
 for taxa- 
 ynient of 
 of Work- 
 ides and 
 8 hours a 
 week for 
 s ; regis- 
 1 -engines 
 
 ler of the 
 . Vernon 
 
 : — Berlin 
 ierniany, 
 inds, the 
 n King. 
 
 4-1.^ /->•„_ 
 
 tliC VJCl- 
 
 •--^1 
 
 
244 
 
 HANOVERIAN PP^KIOD. 
 
 man consul on one side, British and American 
 on the other. Washington Treaty of parti- 
 tion : Division of the islands between Germany 
 and United vStates ; Britain's renunciation of 
 any claim ; cession by Germany of the Touj^a, 
 Savage Islands and the two easterly Solomon 
 Islands to Great Britain. 
 
 (17) Anglo-French Question, 1899 :- British 
 conquest of the Soudan. Evacuation under 
 protest of Fashoda by Major Marchand, the 
 French leader. Convention between England 
 and Egypt : Britain's virtual protectorate over 
 the Soudan. Convention between England 
 and France: Britain's retention of Bahr-el- 
 Ghazel and Darfur ; France, the territoricc 
 north and west of Lake Tchad. (See "Mili- 
 tary Events" below.) 
 
 (18) The Australian ♦• Commonwealth." 1899 : 
 
 —Decision by plebiscite vote of Australasian 
 colonies (including Tastnania) on confedera- 
 tion. Confirmation of the " Commonwealth " 
 by the Imperial Parliament, 1900. 
 
 (rg) Anglo-Russian Agreement. 1899 :-Britain's 
 sphere of influence in China, the Yangste 
 Valley ; Russia's sphere, Northern China. 
 
 (20) The "Open Door" in China, 1900:— Agree- 
 ment of England and the United States to 
 obtain freedom of trade in China for all the 
 world alike, outside the " sphere of interefjt " 
 of any power. 
 
 (21) Peace Conference it the Hague, 1899 :- 
 
 Representatives from 24 nations. Declarations 
 (r) For a periufi'i-nt court of arbitration. (2) 
 For the adaptation of the Geneva Convention to 
 naval war, (3) For the prohibition of the 
 throwiiigof explosives from balloons. (4) Fur 
 the prohibition of the use of asphyxiutiiij,' 
 projectiles and of dum-dum bullets. The 
 great powers, with the exception of Russia 
 
BRITISH HIStORV IN BRIEl'. 
 
 445 
 
 thL^hlT' ^ "^1 r'. '^"^ }^^'^ resolutions, 
 though all agreed to (4) and 16 powers signed 
 
 protocols of arbitration and mediation treaties. 
 
 (22) Annexation of the Niger territories by Great 
 Britain, 1899. ^ v^icat 
 
 (23) Agreement of Emperor William of Germany 
 
 clL^f p^ •i^^^^'^'^^f''^'"^ '^^ "Cape to 
 Cairo Railway and Telegraphs. 
 
 (24) Measures under consideration, 1900 • Irnoerial 
 I'^ederation, with colonial represSatives in a 
 central Imperial Council ; an ImperaT Cable 
 Service, a round-the-world connection, part of 
 which would he the Pacific cable to b^e con 
 structed and owned by Great Britain, Canada 
 dliu^f'i'^ ' ^" A'-^it'-^tion Court for laboj 
 
 TriEnn?! f •'^'^''^"^ '*';^^^^' «" Arbitration 
 Tribunal for international disputes. 
 
 [r) MiuTARY Events :— 
 
 (I) Expedition to the Gold Coast, 1895 ■ death of 
 Prince Henry of Battenberg. 
 
 ^'^ ?«;«*'A'"''f«**^''* '^■'** '"*« the TransvMl 
 1895-6 :-Fa,lure of an attempt to aid " e 
 oopressed Uitlanders. Londo/investigat on 
 of the causes of the raid, and of Jamison '8 
 inyasion. Disclosure of the grievances of 
 British subjects in the Transvaal 
 
 (3) Matabili Rebellion, 1897 :_Annexation ,.f 
 Matabileland. ^^ annexation of 
 
 (4) Oraeco-Turkish ^Var, 1897 :-Blockade of Cre- 
 tan ports by British, French and Italian war- 
 ships. England's refusal to allow Turufsh 
 occupation of Thessaly. Massacre of ^ 
 native Christians and 67 British subjects i^ 
 Crete : Seizure of the island by British. French 
 Russian and German fleets :expulsi,n of the 
 Turks ; aDpointment by the Powers o, Prince 
 George of Greece^as Governor of Crete. 
 
 (5) Ma.HsacfC- of a rJiltl.sU expedition pi.rty in 
 
246 
 
 HANOVERIAN PKRIOD. 
 
 r:.* 1 
 
 Benin, 1S97. Seizure of Benin by Britis! 
 troops ; flight of the King, 
 
 (6) Rebellion of the border tribes of N. W. Indii 
 in the Toclii andvSwat Valleys, 1897 :~Repulsl 
 of the natives in the Chitral and relief of Ft! 
 Chakdara by Geti. Blood. Rise of the Afrirll 
 is:— Thei.- occupation of the Khyber am] 
 Kohat Passes. Punishment of the rebels hi 
 Gens. lyockhart and Biggs. 
 
 (7) Conquest of the Soudan, 1897-8 :—Ang]c 
 
 Egyptian Nile Expedition from Dongola ti 
 Berber and Khartoum. Occupation of Metaml 
 meh by the dervishes. British capture of Abi 
 Hamid and netammeh. Victories of Genl 
 Kitchener at Omdurman and Khartouml 
 English occupation of the Valley of the Nil/ 
 and the Soudan. The Fashcda Affair : Del 
 nunciation of France's claim to a portion o| 
 the Nile Valley. Declaration of a Britisi 
 Protectorate over Egypt and the Soudan. Taiil 
 19, 1899. ■ 
 
 (8) War with the Dervishes under Osnian Bi^na. 
 
 1899 :— Gen. Wingate's defeat of the dervisliei 
 at Omdabrlkaa, Nov. 24, 1899 ; capture aiil 
 death of the Kahfa and the principal eniirsl 
 escape of Osmau Digna ; extinction of Malil 
 dism. 
 
 (9) The Boer-British War in South Afrk 
 1899-1 900. ( See X below. ) 
 
 (10) Ashantee Rebellion. May, 1900 :— InvestnienI 
 of the British in Coomassie ; escape of (;(nl 
 Hodg' 11 and 600 troops ; punishment of ili[ 
 rebels. 
 
 (11) War with China, 1900 : June. Rising ol 
 the " Boxers " a Chinese anti-foreign soriitvj 
 massacre of missionaries and native converts 
 destruction of the property of foreign powers! 
 connivance of Cliim.sc authorities. Dcsttud 
 tion of For* laku by the u!H»d fle^?!-: 
 
 
 »•'• K 
 
\l.ANU 
 
 \ 
 
 lin by Britis: 
 
 r 
 
 of N. W. Imiii 
 [897 :— Rei)ulN 
 
 
 id relief of Ft 
 
 
 e of the Atrifl 
 
 * k y 
 
 Khyber aw 
 
 V, 
 
 : the rebels Ii) 
 
 i u; \ 
 
 
 Ui \ 
 
 5)7-8 : — Anglo 
 
 to I 
 
 m Dongola t( 
 
 tion of Metatji 
 
 capture of Abi 
 
 itories of Gen 
 
 V- ^^ \ 
 
 d Khartoum 
 
 ' I ^ / 
 
 ey of the Nil 
 
 ^ \ / 
 
 da Affair : De 
 
 TTv / 
 
 a portion 
 
 of a liritisl 
 
 1 1 \ ^^ 
 
 i Soudau, Jan 
 
 ' i L-**-*"^**"^ 
 
 Osman Digiia 
 
 ""^^^/^^^ 
 
 ' the dervislie 
 
 \ ! v'^^ 
 
 ; capture &m 
 
 V , yl 
 
 iiicipal emirs 
 
 V '"" * *</ 
 
 ctioa of Mall 
 
 \ M 
 
 south Africa 
 
 \:</ 
 
 :— Investnien 
 
 \ ^^ 
 
 jcape of C.ov 
 
 ihinent of til 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 •.«.«. 
 
 le. Risiiij,' 
 
 
 reign society 
 
 
 tive converts 
 
 
 reign powers 
 
 
 ies. Dcstruc 
 
 
 lied fleets 
 
 
 
 XIX. 
 
 
 H IN SOUTH fAFRiCA 
 
 r 
 
 , 247 
 
 ■ the 
 ' the 
 ilure 
 ested 
 itsin, 
 rince 
 kin ; 
 ation 
 
 J 
 
 Dis- 
 
 antee 
 • own 
 litted 
 
 nmis- 
 
 dele- 
 
 lly as 
 
 ration 
 
 eat of 
 ajnba 
 tain's 
 iment 
 rol «>f 
 ; Boer 
 , free- 
 Itatn's 
 
 )lot to 
 Julpit, 
 nd to 
 
 super- 
 iritish, 
 itives ; 
 

 f 
 
 I 
 t 
 I 
 « 
 I 
 I 
 I 
 I 
 
 I 
 I 
 i 
 
 
 BEOHUANALAfMO 
 
 N 
 
 VryburjfJ 
 
 \ 
 
 UitlQCALANO WE8 r^li 
 
 
 ^»s\ K 
 
 
 KfixJ 
 
 wTktuI 
 
 •^ A 
 
 •»/. 
 
 Vrf. 
 
 ^C*...*'^'* 
 
 * W'lnbun 
 
 m**"* . 
 
 """(ffu, 
 
 A.- 
 
 L>> Aarl 
 
 rcji-M.'tr^ 
 
 P E 
 
 c 
 
 N 
 
 -fi^ 
 
 ri liit.uih 
 
MASHOM.^LANU 
 
 aiATABILlLAND 
 
 ALAND 
 
 'afekiiiK 
 
 «• /^ 
 
 <^«-„ 
 
 THE ENGLISH IN SOUTHfAFRlCA 
 
 ""i^ 
 
 r< I uiiioth 
 
246 
 
 
 1 
 
 XI. The B 
 
 raeli " 
 
 A. Cause 
 
 I. 
 
 Sa 
 
 ■ •' 
 
 t( 
 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 
 2. 
 
 Blc 
 
 
 SI 
 
 
 g 
 
 3- 
 
 Re 
 
 
 
 
 4. 
 
 Bo 
 
 
 Jr 
 
 
 P 
 u 
 
 
 n 
 
 
 
 
 c< 
 
 5. 
 
 Th 
 d 
 
 
 P 
 
 Cl 
 
 6. 
 
 Ch 
 
 
 St 
 
 
 a\ 
 
BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIEF. 
 
 247 
 
 England, Japan, Germany, Italy, Russia, the 
 United States. Seizure of 'lientsln by the 
 allies under Admiral Seymour (Eng.). Failure 
 of the allies' attempt to relieve the invested 
 foreign Legations in Pekin ; return to Tientsin. 
 July. Usurpation of the throne by Prince 
 Tuan ; attack on the Legations in Pekin ; 
 massacre of the whole foreign population 
 ( 1500) and native Christians. 
 
 IXI. The Boer-British War, 1899-1900 : -(See ** Dis- 
 raeli " and *' Gladstone *'). 
 
 A. Causes : — 
 
 1. Sand River Convention, 1852 : Britain's guarantee 
 • to the Transvaal of the right to manage their own 
 
 affairs on condition that no slavery be permitted 
 or practised. 
 
 2. Bloemfontein Convention, 1854 : British Commis- 
 sioner Clarke s agreement with a minority of dele- 
 gates to hand over the ct antry conditionally as 
 " The Orange Free State. " 
 
 3. Restoration of British authority by the Federation 
 of South Africa, 1877. 
 
 4. Boer War of Independence, 1879-1881 :— Defeat of 
 the British at Laing's Nek, Ingogo, and Majuba 
 Hill. London convention of 18H2 : Britain's 
 promise of complete internal self-government 
 under British suzerainty ; retention of control of 
 natives, of a British resident at Pretoria ; Boer 
 guarantee of the rights of British subjeclo, free- 
 dom of religion, prohibition of slavery; Britain's 
 control of external relations. 
 
 5. The Afrikander Bund, (1881-1900) :— A Boer plot to 
 drive out the British by means of the press, pulpit, 
 plat'orm, schools, colleges. Legislature, and to 
 create a Dutch South Africa. 
 
 6. Character of the Boers : Ignorant, bigoted, super- 
 stitious ; exclusive in spirit, jealous of the British, 
 
 strangers, arrogant and cruel to uativca ; 
 
 iH 
 
 QTtiZrv Z,XT Dl 
 
24 ^> 
 
 HANOVliKIAN PERIOD. 
 
 lazy, uncouth, surly ; fond of isolation u J 
 slave-holding, ranching ; independent il 
 brave high-spirited ; dislike ofVetramn^f 
 education, taxation, civilization ^'^amnielj 
 
 7. Convention of 1884 .'-Britain's abrogation c,f 
 
 London Convention of 1881 save the powe" t J 
 treat,e.s with other powers, and thnulerai 
 l^nlliT "°" ^"'^^^ ^^^ South Af? 
 
 8. Expansion of the British South Africa Co • I 
 
 covery of gold and diamonds ;enterDrise~'' 
 energy of Cecil Rhodes in min n^ nofit? 
 
 land and Matabeleland (Rhodesia), BechuanaS 
 Zululand, Basutoland, Griqualand, etc ^"^"^'^ 
 
 9. Grievances of the Uitlanders (foreigners nir 
 
 Sa fS nT^.'.°^^^^'^°" °^ '^'^ speech?" p^ss 
 V0IW i *^^ ^'"'^'^^ subservient to the ] 
 Volksraad; encouragement of the drink tr 
 
 lioers sale of pubhc monopolies to Holi;. 
 favorites ; no protection to the EnSish e „ 
 
 cSJ"a?d'o^ ^P ^W °"'^ ■' -f"-^ of thel 
 
 Juries ;%l,?if';'^,-^te't ^^^^"^^°." 'J 
 
 '"' vaal^bT^s!^' Tmt^'/'95-6 :-Raid of the Tra 
 contrfed'Sio^tl^^rPoftr^^^^^^ 
 
 British subjects i.rtheTranfvaa!!' ^"'"'""^ 
 
 menur/edr;?' Uitlanders to the British gove| 
 
 :"r,"Li- e f r" •''^-^^^^ " restoration' 
 
 e.".'ran.ced political rights, March, 1899. 
 
 ir 
 
 12. The 
 pres 
 Kru, 
 fran 
 vote 
 cour 
 
 13. Allia 
 Sept 
 
 M- Boer 
 trom 
 Oct. 
 of W 
 
 |n. Thr War 
 
 Oct. ir. 
 
 New 
 
 berl< 
 
 Britis 
 
 Elan 
 
 teln. 
 
 Occu 
 
 Nov. 2. 
 
 Boers 
 
 tory 
 
 Qras] 
 
 Rlvei 
 
 Dec. 10. 
 
 Gatac 
 
 Bullet 
 
 ment 
 
 Africa 
 
 •'■n., 1900 
 
 means 
 
 attack 
 
 ingof 
 
 Kopb 
 
 theme 
 
 Peb. 5. Fa 
 
 Ladysi 
 
 the Ti 
 
12. 
 
 13. 
 
 14. 
 
 SRITISH HISTORY IN BRIKK. ^.g 
 
 The Bloemfontein Conference Tune rSoo • d 
 
 franfwse 1™! a"fair ;epr«e,u°,S'"'f%P*^"'' 
 voters in t»,« t • i ^^P^^''*^»t''tion of the new 
 
 cUmry^oveMof^orfijlre;^^^^ ^'"'^ " ^^ ^-"'^ ^- 
 tlpt:;% ''^ ^'■^^ ^^"^^^ -'th the Transvaal. 
 
 of Wa;, gct^^^r "'''"^''"'" ''^"^ «oer Lcla^rLS 
 Thr War, 1899-1900 :— 
 
 ^^'^ NewSi«e"'\f T ?V^^'^iv ^4- Occupation of 
 
 RriH-!?* • .^- ^°^'* capture of Vryburs 20 
 
 E and Ji?,S^J ^' ^'*."?*»*- ''• British vk cry at 
 tsiandslaa^e. 24. British victory at Rletfon- 
 teln. 30. Severe British losses at Ladvamlth 
 Occupation of Colesberg by the Boers ^'"'"*'- 
 
 VeVs atLadv°im^th^'°"'^ '' ^^^^^ -' the 
 torv at Belmni!? ' ^^^ ^^"- Methuen's vic- 
 arasMn T"h ,^5. Methuen's victory at 
 Qraspan. 28. Methuen's victory at riaSder 
 
 attack :l Ud«ml r"^; *r '*?"'- °f """ 
 i»« of the i^X""ll- w/™.?caX"of sX" 
 
 ^hr;^r,^'4'!,?'^^*i,f-'>-»-t''ofthe'i5't'':; 
 
 "''laZ'i' °l """?'"' 'WM attempt to relieve 
 ii^,cia. 15. Keller r- CImberley by Gen. 
 
250 
 
 IJANOVERIAN PRRIOD. 
 
 French after a brave defence by the 
 under Col Kekewich. i6. British occupal 
 Jacobadal and Dordrecht. 19. Occuna' 
 Colenso by Buller rj. r?!^.<Hjba Day : Su. 
 of Gen Cronje and 4,000 men to Lord Ro' 
 Paardeberg. British occupation of Jamc 
 and Rensburg. a8. Re-occupation of CoS 
 by Gen. Clements. ' 
 
 March i. Relief of Ladysmlth by Gen 
 
 force after a splendid defence by Gen 
 and his garrison of 8,000. 8. Britisli 
 pation of Burghersdorp. 13. Entry into 
 fontein by Lord Roberts. 15. British occi 
 
 dIj^S'*''^ ^*.^*- '9. British occupat 
 Prieska. 27. Death of Gen. Joubert Ibe 
 mander. 28. British occupation of Faun 
 and Jagersfonteln. 30. Boer capture 
 Hroadwood's force at 5anna's Post m 
 disaster at Reddersburg. ' 
 
 AprH 5. Methuen's capture of Boer force at 1 
 Death of Gen. Villebois Mareuil, a Boer leii 
 Attack on colonial division at Wepen< 
 Relief of Wepener. 
 
 ^■^,J;. ^J'^'^sh caoture of Brandfort. s-7 Cai 
 WInburg. Defeat of the Boers at Vet Rl 
 at Zand (Sand) Riv< r. 12. Capture of 
 staa 15. Bnller's r apture of Dundee 
 Qlent^a*. i«. Relief of Hafeklng after a 
 7-months' defence by Co!. Baden-Powell a 
 gallant 600, 27. Crossing of the Vaal Rii 
 Lord ..uucrts' force. 28. Ani.exatio 
 Orange rree State under the name o , 
 River cohony. 29. Capt-n ;f Johaanesbui 
 
 June 5. Occupatio,n of Pretoria, the Transvaal 
 by the British ler (ien. Roberts- fl 
 
 Kruger and Ste^ r. eat of the B> . rs 
 Gen. Botha Rel ,e o ,000 British pnsoi 
 Pretoria. Retreat of Boers from Nata 
 of Boers at Krugersdorp and at Kleriu 
 Success of the Boers on the railway lines at] 
 
 IngSp 
 
 the Ye( 
 July 7. Ca 
 and Pa 
 II. Bri 
 from P 
 burg. 
 
 Rksui^ts of 
 
 1. Annexat 
 
 as Crov 
 
 2. Overthrc 
 
 rebellic 
 
 3. Iiistituti< 
 
 4. Redress ' 
 "'. Growth 
 
 con ting 
 
 Social Pro 
 Education : 
 
 1870. Com 
 of Public I 
 iiir.l School 
 Technical, 
 the Uiiiveri 
 University c 
 
 Labor: Incr 
 necessaries, 
 thrift ; educ 
 electricity 1 
 and friendl} 
 
 Crime : Deci 
 hy one thirc 
 iiials. Imp] 
 
 Citizenship 
 by ballot. 
 elective prir 
 
 Sanitation : 
 
 lie parks a 
 worKcis, r» 
 
BRITISH HISTORY IN HRIEF, 
 
 251 
 
 Ing Spruit ; capture oi a convoy at Heilbron, and 
 
 the Yeomanry battalion at Lindley. 
 July 7. Capture of Bethlehem by Gens. Clements 
 and Paj<et. Retreat of Boers under Gen. Dewet 
 II. British reverse at Nitral's Nek, (18 miles 
 from Pret- >ria ) . Retirement of Kruger to Lv den- 
 burg. ° "^ 
 
 Rksui^ts of thu War : — 
 
 vaal 
 
 I. 
 
 2. 
 
 3- 
 4. 
 
 break-up of 
 
 Annexation of Orange Free State and the Tra 
 
 as Crown colonies of Great Britain. 
 Overthrow of ihe Afrikander Bund 
 
 rebellion in Cape Colony and Natal. 
 
 Institution of British government, justice, freedom. 
 
 Redress of the Uitlanders' grievances. 
 
 Growth of T,nperialism : Canadian and Australian 
 contingents a South Africa. 
 
 ISocial Progres in the Victorian Era :— 
 
 'Education: Eslabhsbment of Elementary Education 
 1870. Compulsory a^ . ndance at school. ' Department 
 Public Instructi. -ader the Privy Council Nor 
 
 of 
 
 s, Free Schools, 1891. 
 schools. Institution of 
 le Victoria University, 
 
 iiinl Schools, Sch.,ol Boa 
 Technical, Science, and A 
 the University of I^ondon, 
 University of Wales. 
 
 Labor : Increase of w.iges 50%. Decrease of the cost of 
 necessaries. Shorter hours of labor. Organized 
 thrift ; educated workmen. Application of steam and 
 electricity to machinery. Increase of savings-banks 
 and friendly societies. 
 
 Crime : Decrease by one half. Decrease of pauperism 
 by one third. Remarkable decrease of juvenile crim- 
 inals. Improvement in the condit ion of women. 
 
 Citizenship : Franchise for *he working-classes. Vote 
 l)y b-illot. New system of local government on the 
 elective principle. 
 
 Sanitation : Improvement of artizans' dwellings. Pub- 
 lie parks and gardens. Protection to underrround 
 workcio. Mining laws. Factory laws. 
 
^^^ HANOVKRIAN PKRIOD. 
 
 6. Rapid Transit and Communication . p i 
 
 graph, Submarine CablT Tdenhon. %'r^'' ^1 
 Heliograph. Penny Ws aW iS r A ^^°"°H 
 trolof the Teletrranh ^>l ; ^i • Government J 
 
 Postage. X898'' ^M^S'v^irtL^^ ^'^'■ 
 
 Automobile. vvireJess Telegraphy, v 
 
 7. Literature. Learning, and Art Ch^.^ 
 
 liiagazines, and books Kat^.l " i ^ newspap 
 
 '""iV^i';*?"*" =™ «' "terature. Science. J 
 
 Clough/'jiatthew ASS'Ho^'fr''^*'''';-?^'''^' "'i 
 Rossetti, William Mnr?;.' .T" , ' '*<««'^"'. Chrisif 
 
 Austin (Poet Wea^criiptg 'eTc""' ^''"'" ^"« 
 
 Lever, Geo. Macdona 1 ''it'^f- "' 5"*'''>el". KiiiKsl 
 
 Yonge, Hutrhes Riant pi i ^'^^^^''» Charlotte , 
 vStevtnson, Kipline TrolSn °l^'^' ^^^^"t' ^^^^ 
 Ward. M;s SunferfoS .^'jU ^l^"' i ^^'?^^"^' ^^ 
 Doyle. Crockett. ^wSso„ ^ In^'MtlS 'n)"^'?^"" 
 Hope. Parker, Russell, .Marie Corel li etc ^' ^'" 
 
 '• "Ga*re;.?rcl^;^at^v"^"^"/^--^- ^-H 
 
 Kinglake. Brvce See .1 ' r T^'^^^'l^ ^^^°»d^. B^'-'H 
 ^ PnlltLl B ^' '^''"' ^'°^*^' McCarthy 
 
 4. Political Economy : Mill. Fawcett. Cairnes 
 
 '• '^Mar?^-' ^^^^^^^' ^"^' R-ki". Spenc'e, U., 
 
 Ji 
 
 1;^ 
 
 '• '■gS*'' ^ '"^'"=^' ''«-''. New„,a„, r,™„„. 
 
 Industria 
 
 Stephen; 
 (telegraj 
 Lister (j 
 (com pan 
 osophy), 
 electricit 
 Foster ( 
 city), Joi 
 Tyndall 
 scope), P 
 logy), Ta 
 copes), ; 
 history), 
 Cayley 
 Brunei (e 
 (wireless 
 mobile, I, 
 
 Exploratio 
 
 Art: Will 
 Ruskin, I 
 
 The Indi 
 
 British inl 
 
 |i50,ooo,o 
 $1,250,000 
 India; $7, 
 India. $1 
 grains anr 
 tries, und 
 machinery 
 the Suez C 
 
 Railways t 
 
 way. 4,500 
 
 Population 
 
 lems 57 mi 
 
 The Empii 
 "the great 
 Its uatiQu 
 
> : Railways, TJ 
 ine, Phonograj 
 
 Government ( 
 Imperial Per 
 
 Telegraphy, i 
 
 'leap newspaf. 
 mces in physj 
 losophy, polit] 
 
 anthropic euJ 
 IS, etc. * ' 
 
 Science, 
 
 Isworth. Shcl 
 Macaulay, Hul 
 'ssetti, Christf 
 , Kdwin Arno 
 
 2 Bronte, GeoJ 
 sraeli, Kiu^d 
 sade, Meredil 
 , Charlotte f 
 Besant, Baril 
 Oliphant, wl 
 ess), Weviiif 
 :laren), CaiJ 
 tc. 
 
 reen, Freeiiii 
 ^roude, Buck 
 h, McCarthy 
 
 rnes. 
 veneer, I,ew( 
 
 . r^rumuion 
 
 BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIKK. ^^ 
 
 (telegraphy) • Da7win^ ( hiT ''^^^Z''\ ^'«°^^^ M«^se 
 Lister (a tiUptic'';^"^^.^^^,^'^^""'^!^^ (evolution), 
 
 scope) Franklin and Ros?orc^'i„"'«; "L*X''™" 
 
 mobile, Liquid S!^^' ^ ^'"""atagraph, the Auto- 
 Exploration : Franklin, Livingstone, Gordon. Stanley 
 R^^uskirpSto^n'^"^^^-^'' ^""-^' ^^'"--^ 
 
 Landseer, 
 
 The Indian Empire of the Victorian Era ,- 
 
 India. 117,000,000 worth of rice wheat « .1 m '"^ 
 grains annually from India to Britain N.H-''V'^'' 
 
254 
 
 HANOVERIAN PERIOD. 
 
 two centuries an auspicious morning, a troublesomj 
 forenoon, a glorious afternoon, a stormy evenin;;, 
 blood-red sunset. " Expansion from i million to i '^ 
 million square miles. India an Emi^ire in 1877. 
 
 5. Legislation, etc. : Nominated legislative Councils foj 
 
 each Presidency and one for all India. One high courj 
 for the disposal of all cases, European or native, 
 municipal elective franchise in the principal cities 
 some elected district councils. 
 
 6, Social India: Introduction of a system of pul)li(j 
 
 instruction and national education (sometimes by lliJ 
 state direct, sometimes state-aided or rate-aidtd,] 
 elementary, secondary, superior. Oriental and Occij 
 dental learning, scientific, medical, literary, aiiij 
 general. Female education in the face of all prejul 
 dice. A free press, native and European. Christia:! 
 missions. Suppression of rapine, revolution, barljar) 
 ous rites and customs. Government survey of all 
 India; cultivation by irrigation canals; engineerinjf 
 works ; preservation of the forests. Employment c 
 nativis with improvetl emoluments and pensions i 
 the higher branches, judicial and executive, lunw 
 fold growth of receipts and revenues during the en 
 British rule synonymous with ex])ansion in agriculture 
 trade, wealth, iutellectual and social conditions. 
 
 Appendix 
 
 '11 Robert Walj 
 
 artcret 
 
 Iiiirj' Pelliam . 
 
 "ike of Newca: 
 
 in. I'itt (l.oidi 
 
 11(1 Itute 
 
 itti ("irciiville 
 H.iniuis of Koc: 
 'Viii. I'itt (I^onl 
 'like of C.raftoii 
 
 11(1 North 
 
 aiqui.sof Rock 
 
 irl of SlR-Unin 
 
 Mikeof I'ortlaiu 
 
 «'m. i'itt "tile Yo 
 
 .\(l<liiiKtoii 
 
 Will. I'itt tlie Yo 
 
 1(1 Circiivillc . 
 
 Duke of I'ortlaiK 
 
 Vicevftl 
 
 •Td I<iver])(M)l . 
 i.irffe Cantiiii^ 
 ,11 (1 GoUtricli . . 
 
BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIK.F. 
 
 a troubles! )ni(3 
 my evening, 
 million to I'i 
 in 1877. 
 
 'e Councils foi 
 Due high coiirj 
 or native, 
 •iucipal cities j 
 
 em of pul)li( 
 etimes by tlu 
 >r rate-aided 
 tal and Occij 
 literary, am 
 ? of all projii 
 an. Christ ia; 
 ution, barhar] 
 survey of al 
 ; engineeriiij 
 iiployinent 
 d pensions 11 
 :utive. Imiu 
 iiring the en 
 in agriculture 
 ditions. 
 
 255 
 
 Appendix A. The Prime Ministers of England. 
 
 ir Robert Walpole 172n-171'> 
 
 'Ti<-Tet 17I2-1744 
 
 I iir>' I'd ham 174-1-1754 
 
 like of Newcastle 1754-1707 
 
 inin. I'itt (I,oid Chatham) . 1757-17t)l 
 
 '•""iH'it*; 17()1-17(>< 
 
 ,or(i CrenviIIe 17(W-17a') 
 
 il.innns of Rockiiijrham ..17(»5-17(M( 
 Vim. I'ltt (I.ord Clialham) .l/fMS-lTlW 
 
 'like of (iraftoii 17(>8-177() 
 
 .01(1 North 1770-1782 
 
 Harqm.sof Rock'jrh'm .1788Mar.-J'v 
 
 •.arl of .Shclluinic 1782-1/8;$ 
 
 iiikeof I'ortlaiui (Coalition )178;{, 
 
 „, •••••.•• Apr.-Dcc. 
 
 « m. I'ltt the Younger 178:M8()1 
 
 ^'''I'l'Kton 1801-1804 
 
 " Ml. I'ltt the Yoiniser ]S;)4-l,S(((i 
 
 •"• '1 Bienville JH0(HK(i7 
 
 iMike of I'ortland 1807-1810 
 
 '•^■'tevftl 1810-1812 
 
 rd i,iven)ool 1812-1827 
 
 '.rRe CainiiiiK -H'jr. Apr.-Anj,'. 
 
 .Old GoUtrich 1827- 1828 
 
 Puke of Wellinjrton 1828-1830 
 
 lA)id (irey i;{:iO-18;{4 
 
 I<ord Melbtiiinie lKM-1841 
 
 Sir Rot)t. Peel 1811-ltMG 
 
 l.or<l John Rii.ssell IHW-lHry^ 
 
 honl Derby i«.-,2, Keln-Uec 
 
 I,ord Aberdeen iS^i-lSTiS 
 
 l,ord I'almerstou 18.>'>-I8r}!> 
 
 I.ord Derby 18.^)8-18.>5 
 
 I.ord I'aliiierston I8,5i)-18(t5 
 
 I.ord John Ru.ssell 18fl,V18tki 
 
 I.ord Derliy 1800-1808 
 
 IJenj. Disraeli (I.ord Itea- 
 
 consfield) 1808, Feb.-Dec. 
 
 Wm. E. Gladstone IH08-1874 
 
 '>'«•■?'■'• 1874-1880 
 
 Gladstone 1880-18H5 
 
 I.ord vSahsbnry 188i-)-18eO 
 
 <.lad.slone 1880, Feb.-AiiL' 
 
 I.ord Sali.sbury 1K80-IH02 
 
 Gladstone lH)t2-lK!)4 
 
 I.ord Ro«..->bery ' . . 18'M-1S0.S 
 
 I.ord Sali.sbury [ iHlt.'V- 
 
256 
 
 HANOVKRIAN PP:rIOD. 
 
 
BRITISH HISTOKV IN BRIKF. 
 
 CCS) 
 
 
 
 
 •3 . . -• 
 
 
 
 
 ■■2 !« 5 
 
 
 «J 
 
 
 
 2i 
 
 
 
 : /. 
 
 5 « 
 
 Si 
 
 c 
 
 
 . : S 
 
 s 
 
 s 
 
 8 
 S 
 
 o 
 
 Ol-N* 
 
 << an KB3 n 
 
258 
 
 HANOVERIAX I'KRIOD. 
 
 c > 
 %i o 
 
 ."S '^ 
 
 'v. V 
 
 .!: u i 
 
 I?! 
 
 C I- , 
 
 i- .- (■ 
 -■ ^f 
 
 
 T IN- 
 
 5 M 05l 
 
 c a . „ 
 o o • c 
 
 a S 2'c 
 
 o o fc 
 
 8 8 1 8 
 
 53 ji o CO M ■ 
 
 a £3 is af M t 
 <o w w !» {e « 
 
 U.OS. 
 
BRITISH HISTORY m BRIKF. 
 
 ) o 
 
 'y < 
 
 - o 
 
 50 o 
 
 i.-2'SS 
 
 :§_&•$ 
 ■ p. t ^i 
 
 1^1 S "• 
 
 O V 
 i; « C 
 
 U 1- D 
 
 -_ l* 1/1 
 O.-a 1/ 
 
 4J li 1-. 
 3iU, 
 
 :3 
 . "^ 
 . "1 
 
 . n 
 
 iS. 
 
 V 
 
 . u 
 
 • -w .' • 
 
 • O ". >. 
 
 ; i/ » » 
 
 • > r' f 
 . ft! t.' o 
 
 f^ CO n ■ 
 
 Sgri^r 
 
 CO 2 
 
 ■ jj 
 
 
 o 
 
 ... 
 
 
 
 .' rt 
 
 : = c 
 
 •u. 
 
 ; ; t7. 
 
 ■•a 
 
 ■T. - 
 
 ■ • - c 
 
 p 
 
 : • E c 
 
 ^ 
 
 ■"Hg-i: 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 u 
 
 •= n i 
 
 J 
 
 : -• 
 
 a 
 
 •■^'ii 
 
 8 
 
 
 1 X 
 
 » 
 
 ;a,cc., 
 
 c? 
 
 ??^?i:: 
 
 1- 
 
 CC « l~ -. 
 
 
 ^^ pa^ til* P-4 
 
 u 
 
 IT. 
 
 c „ ^ • 
 « 2 = - 
 
 » !- a C 
 
 ' *< . ... B_; 
 C ^ . . w « ? 
 
 J .3 < -/I < i5 <». > u 
 4 >5 
 
 ■c 
 
 - 3 
 
 H 
 
 s 1- !/;« n S - 
 ra — 3 , . C w w**-" 
 
 . ..T -« it ? -' fe *' ii K 
 :::7«,:.rK5|3| 
 
 
 
26o 
 
 HANOVERIAN PERIOD. 
 
 Examination Questions on tlie Hanoverian Period : 
 
 * JliniDrn, 
 
 * I. Name ami descrilx! the liiitisli iM)ssossioiis in Euroi^, oxchisiveol ihr 
 
 Britisli Islands i>roi)t;r, slating liow and when eacli was ao(inirod. l>:h. 
 
 * 2. Ft is proiKJsed to erect the Britisii colonies in Soutli Afriwi into a cuii 
 
 lederation ; give a fnll Keographical dfserii.tion of these colonies iiii.l 
 I'xpluni ni detail tlieir present iK)litical condition. 1875. 
 
 ;5. < ;ive an outline of the career of Woisey and of the younger Pitt. l.s;:,. 
 
 4. Sketch the history of the reigns of Ilenrj- IV and George IV, ).S75. 
 
 r- Hive a fidl account of the disputes which led to the American War .if 
 IndeiHiudence. 1875. 
 
 «. Locate, and associate, where possible, with history ; Badaios Blenhcin 
 Cortunia, Culloden, Delagoa, Bay. Khiva, Leipsic, Xaseby. Plavv,.\ 
 bedgemoor, Toulon, Utreclit, Walcheren, Waterloo. 1875. 
 
 « 7. fTive in chronological sequence some account of the more imi)oriiiit 
 voyages of exjiloration and coloni/.iUion by the English beaveen li'i'' 
 and lS7(i, noticing the persons most prominently connected with theiii" 
 and the results lo which they led. 1876. 
 
 « 8. Mention the 
 
 III 
 till 
 
 nils 
 
 . Mention the principal manufacturing centres and seaport town- 
 (ircat Mritain and Ireland, describing their location, and indicating i 
 causes of their connnerciul or industrial a.scendancy. iXld. 
 * 11. (iiyc ii complete list of ail the self-governing dependencies of Gnu, 
 lintaMi in Asiaan<l .\u.stralasia, with their cai)itals, describing their gencr 
 al form of goveniment and such imyKirtant moditlcations as jiiax l.c 
 lH.'Culmr to any of them. 1K76. 
 
 10. Give an account of the occurrences which led to the open pul>licatioii ol 
 tile proceedings of Parliament, and fK^iiit out the ctTects which have 
 resulted from this change. Why were the debates in Parliament (uii 
 ducted in early times with closed doors? On what terms are the nu 
 now admitted to hear them ? 1876. 
 
 11. Enumerate and .state the position of the principal colonial nossessi 
 of England. ],s7(). ' " 
 
 12. rive an account of the events that led to the fall of WaliH.Ie h> 
 power. 1877. 
 
 l.T Sketch the hi.story of the rebellion of the American Colonies. Ls?; 
 
 II. Contrast the literary charncter of the reign of Queen Anne with thii' 
 the last 20 years of George Ill's reign. 1877. 
 
 1">. Tell what you know afjout Nelson, Warren Hastings, Dean swift Chnric* 
 .laine.-i Fox. IfK'' 
 
 III. Tell wlnit you kn.r» almut llamixlen, the Statute of Laborers and liJ 
 KeiK'al of the Corn Uiws. 1877. 
 
 17. Write notes on Wali)ole's Excise Kill (irenville's Stamp Act the Alol; 
 tiou of the Slave Trade, Pox's LiUd Act. 1877. 
 
 18. Sketch the hi.st,ory of Englaml under the administration of the voiii",i 
 Pitt. 1877. 
 
 I'.t What causes led to the increase of the power of tlie crown at the Ijc'Iii 
 aing of < ieorge Ill's reign ':' 1877 
 
 [m. Rkctcli rong 
 of America, 
 Atlantic. 1 
 
 !1. .N'ame and g 
 small islan 
 Oceans. 18 
 
 » 'J2. Xame any 
 the British ] 
 
 * 2.1 Give appi 
 tioiis of M( 
 and Irelaiu; 
 New Zealan 
 Sketch the 1 
 eiice to tlios 
 
 Write notes 
 National De 
 
 "A Describe tli( 
 and the Eur 
 (n) Define a 
 House of Sti 
 Give .some 
 settling the 
 
 is. Write notes 
 William Piti 
 
 if). Show what j: 
 of the Treat 
 l.'^oO, the Asr 
 
 * :io. Describe tl 
 
 account of it 
 31. Tell what yo 
 
 first halt of ( 
 .^2. Write a brief 
 ;«. Tell briefly 
 
 reign of (ieoi 
 U. Give an acco 
 
 Colonies, li 
 
 * 'Mi. Give adesc 
 Gibraltar, M 
 of (ireat Brit 
 
 * W. Descrilie th 
 
 in Africa. S 
 
 * .17 Give a des 
 
 dnctions ; ii 
 advantages. 
 ■W. (,() Show by 
 Stuarts, (h) 
 1 and II. 18) 
 
 ;)ii. Write brief ; 
 I'aris : the A 
 
riod : 
 
 (.'xchisive ol iln' 
 aciiiiired. 1>T.). 
 ri«i into a c'lii- 
 :se colonies, iiini 
 
 iiRer Pitt. IsT.'). 
 IV, LH;5. . 
 merican War of 
 
 lajos, Bleniici-n, 
 aseby, Plass.\ 
 
 more iiniwriant 
 ill lielweeii 1 1!i2 
 ctod with tluiii 
 
 !aport towns oi 
 1 iiidicatiiif: lii. 
 
 lencios of Grviit 
 liii.u'tlu'irfrt'iKT 
 ions as nia\ Ipc 
 
 n puhlioation o( 
 fts wliich liiivf 
 F^arlianient ci 
 s are the pullit 
 
 iiial possessiuii' 
 
 if WaliK)le fniiii| 
 
 lies. 1877. 
 
 lie witli thill nil 
 
 1 Swift, Chai if. 
 
 liorers, and '.he 
 
 Act, the Al 111, 
 
 of the youi L'li 
 
 n at the Lm.'l'Iii 
 
 BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIEF. 
 
 26 [ 
 
 
 20. 
 
 ^- ^lfTuol?cf^.\ll^n,^^^^^^^^ the United States 
 
 AtUiitie 1877 ^^'^^'''^^'' ^^'e position of every state that Iwrders on the 
 
 ^'' S^!!Tsli.S'^vHn^1*'?''''^*H.^''T islands and i.rineipal groups oT 
 Omuis. 1877. "*=' ^ ^"«iay^ i" tiiii I'acilic and Indian 
 
 *"%i^e tofti" "usles. P^^^i;''*'""^ of the British Crown In Europe, exclusive of 
 
 li;{. Give approximate fifjures for the following: (a) Respective Twnula- 
 
 nn.V'rnLnT'n^'''^ ^-""^^"J' <I^"S-), The British ^EmSfGrea^t Brita^ 
 
 NewSSi HWMclfr, -^ ^'"'.^•'tu ('/).Kespective areas of Australia 
 iNtw .Zealand, British Guiana, South African Colonies. 1878 
 
 ■^ f.I'.^tch the history of the American Revolutionarj- War, giving promin- 
 ence to those asiH'cts of it which most afifected Canada. 1878 
 
 \ationalSl.t"f.!''s-,^""*i' ^f^ ^"^^'.'«' ^he East India Company, the 
 .National Debt, tlie Fiave Trade, and the Ilu.l.son Bay Company. 1878 
 
 Describe tlie connection of Great Britain Avith the French Revolution 
 and the European wars growing out of it. 1878 ^'t^u^n Kevomrion 
 
 s:^H.:??j:ei=L;^yi^eRS'^^^i^ Wi^ni;^i?s;??^, ^S! 
 
 '• ^nL;K?t:^JX'^iri!;;!;;SeSi! ^i?l-tWalpole, Edmund Bur.e, 
 
 '^' nf7iw,'Tl."^.P"^''4^^'"''"'' Vh'^'if^'es were ma<lc or confirmed as the result 
 of the Ireatyot Troves, tiie Congress ot Vienna tiie Treaty of i'nri«, 
 1.S50. the Ashburt^n Treaty, and the Wasliington Treaty i%h 
 
 * ;i(). Describe the manner in which England acfuiire.l India and eivo an 
 account of its political, religious, and social con.lition 1879 ^ 
 
 ''■ '!St^^oi^^^::S^^^^;:!'t^'''' history of England during the 
 
 32. Write a brief account of the settlcuiunt of Australia bv the English 1879 
 
 *' ISMi''3t'L;gen.'T,75.''"'^' ''^""' ^"" ''''''''y'^' England during the 
 
 ■^'' CoionLw879.^"' ^'" "''*'"*' ''""'^' ^^'^ ^ ^^"^ '^^°^' o^ the American 
 
 * 'W. Give a description of tlie ]iosition and worth t. England (jf Ilclitroland 
 
 •:i7 Give a di'scription of Australia, noting its topourapiiy climate nro 
 
 ;i.H. (,,) Sliow by a genealogical tree the de.scent of the (Juelnhs from thp 
 
 fa, "l li. *is,so'''""' '"" "''•''' '''''''''' ^'h'^^u-ters in U.e rei£,>fTo.>r!;i 
 
 " 'i^:!.•^'S::^:::1;7.::?^.^!^.J'•';"f\^« <'^,Tlysw Aix-la-chapeUe, and 
 
 "-'"- • •'" ••<',-••, itilii tile .-i;iiiip ACC. if<8U. 
 
262 
 
 HANOVKRIAN PKRIOD. 
 
 • 41 Mention and <lcscril,e the British possessions in Africa. l»8i 
 
 ;'«h?J4ro/lL;'Str;il:sr^^^ 
 
 ! i^ ?!"''""*' ''"'* describe tl.e British possessions In Asia, isfr' 
 
 thc^ixjlicyof W allele's Ad.uMustration in the two asiK-cts refemll u, 
 * ''iialrlS^.""""'' *'" ''''''' '^""' ^■''^™^^^''- "f Wm. Pitt, Earl of (:,„<. 
 
 '')sBBmz:!^^=]t:i^ 
 
 ■'"■ '^rVl,^S^„X^-;S'^f^»>^'><:n Walpole an,, „„ 
 
 2 'i^'^sii<^=i^z^s^;^hsvs:^«s^!^ ^ 
 
 2 pis,;;r ,s?.4:;LS:^s.srnt<irs^a -&?•"■■- 
 
 ™- -;■-/.v^t^^'oSl;iit?r^?x^^,«fi:re,.''"','^i^^^^^ '^^ --I 
 
 ..7. Trace the progress of invention during Hie ISth ceMturv.""l882 
 
 •'^- lScI:'li:^E.;;r";i.!;r ^"*^'-"» -"-^vars arisi„;, out of the .i.,1 
 
 Ju:;:^:;^.:;ni!:!^;;..l;r,[:-!;;i-ii-.ss , 
 
 • I/ill^U wJiK?f "[^f "^'^ '■"'"•"-^ '" '■""- f->" the ti„,oof C.iv.. ,„| 
 (il. Sketch the naval history of tliu rci-n ,,f (ioorjfe III. iHUa 
 
 Write notes 
 Scheme, Sti 
 
 What right 
 IHititor? Sh 
 them. 188;^ 
 
 Explain thi 
 time of Will 
 
 Write short 
 Ben. Franki 
 
 (!(). Name, an- 
 
 sions and d( 
 
 |j7. Draw a map 
 What were I 
 1^00? 1881. 
 Describe the 
 
 I* 70. Describe t 
 of (ieorue I. 
 
 What was tl 
 
 Sketch the c 
 
 Mention thi 
 situation of 
 
 A. Sketch th( 
 tries. 1885. 
 I»75. Xame the : 
 rana<la, and 
 188.1. 
 
 Sketch tlie 
 reign. 1885. 
 
 Trace the efl 
 
 1885. 
 
 Mention ant 
 distinguish t 
 1885. 
 
 Show how th 
 influence tlu 
 
 * 80. In what wi 
 
 Meditcrranei 
 
 * si. Write short 
 
 Jernier, Lau* 
 
 Name tlie Hi 
 and chief ph 
 Writ* an artii 
 
 Tellthe story 
 ait<l what inf 
 BT), (a) What wei 
 Sketch the hi 
 
 |7fi. 
 
 78. 
 
 m 
 
 Ih;; 
 84 
 
BRITISH HISTORY IN nRIEI'. 
 
 263 
 
 111 III Willi 
 
 I. 1881. 
 government, tl.i 
 
 lers in Engliuui 
 sent state, i^si. 
 ssions j^iiined t.y 
 J of those which 
 her supreniiuy 
 
 ain down to ih, 
 
 ter : ho was th.' 
 scribe in deiuil 
 L'cts referri'ii to. 
 
 ;, Earl of cAun 
 
 reigns of (ird. 
 
 [ice on the 1 ut 
 of liurke, iuhIj 
 sontheFrcticlil 
 
 ilpole and the 
 non, ajid shuw-l 
 2 
 
 <ing partioiiliirl 
 ■olt. 1882. 
 
 i Cabinet, mi 
 882. 
 
 land has liociil 
 
 L'orpe T'l. ,/, 
 k'lTl to Geo;... 
 
 scribe the siiti- 
 
 1882. 
 
 lit of the liiM 
 
 rn |)osse.ssi'.ii> 
 neof CHvt tu 
 
 in.uBi Write notes on :-Admiral Byng, Cnllodeii, Septenniiil A<t Soiiili Sea 
 Scheme, htarni) Act, John Wesley, . John Wilkes. ISs:!. 
 What riKht had (ieorge I to the throne of Knf,dandV Who was l:iseoui- 
 th?m ^ iSr^ ' "' ^'"'"-'^^^^^'^''^^ diafe'rani- the relationship between 
 
 Explain the changes in the English constitutional svstein from the 
 time of \\ilham III to that of George III. 188;^. 
 
 Write short notes on :-Abercombie, Arkwright, Camjxirdowi., Inipleix, 
 Hell. Franklin, Howe, Waleheren. . 1 ^ . 
 
 6t). Name, and describe the situation and physical features, the iK)sses- 
 gions and dependencies of Great Britain in Africa. 18.s<. 
 Draw a map of the New England States, iss j. 
 
 Yi^UO? ^881''''' ^"'^''^^ ^^''"''''' '"""'^ ^' ^'"'' I"^^«'"^^'<'f<l'«ActofUni.m of 
 Describe the iwliticiil careers of the two I'itts. Is8l. 
 
 70. Describe the changes in the English Coiistitnlion since the accession 
 01 deorge I. ISSl. 
 
 [:i. What was the title of George 1 to the throne of (ireat Hritain? issl. 
 p. Sketch the career of Charles Fox. 18S4. 
 
 p. Mention the chief manufacturing towns of England. Descrilx; the 
 situation ot each and (he nature of its manufactures. 18.S4. 
 
 |»-4. Sketch the physical features of Ireland and point out its chief Indus- 
 tries, lono. 
 
 1*75. Name the Hiitish possessions in America other than the Dominion of 
 Canada, aiKl tell what each would probably ex iH)rt and what import. 
 1 000. ' 
 
 7fi. Sketch the history of i.arliamcntiiry government during George Ill's 
 
 77 Trace the effect of its geographical iK)sition on the lii.Htoryof Enirltind 
 
 18h5. 
 
 78. Mention and briefly describe the great con.stitutional measures that 
 distinguish the reigns of Charles 1, Charles II, William 111, William IV. 
 
 :si. Show how the personal character of .rohn, Edward III, and George III 
 mttuence the history ol England. 1885. 
 
 «80 In what way did England acquire her i>08sessions in and around the 
 Meuilerranean V ihf>5. 
 
 » M. Mrite s^liort notes on Arkwright, Baxter, Erskine, (Jodolphin. Herschel 
 Jeuner, Laiul, Keynolds, K(Klney, Wren. 18x5. cmmci. 
 
 Name the British jmssessions In Africa, giving the position, proflucts, 
 and chut physual featurjs of each. 1.S85, ,i<^.uii.-,. 
 
 Write an article on the ]iolitical history and character of V>'ali)ole. ls8(i. 
 Telltho story of BraddcM-k'scxiK'dition. What causes led to this war 
 an<l what i«fluen<H' hivl the war on the history of America ? ISSO." 
 
 l!^^ .^^^^wT*"*! ^^^ >«"ws of the American War of IndeiK'ndence" (h) 
 Sketch the history of tins war to Burgoy tie's surrender at Saratoga. 188(i. 
 
 182 
 
264 
 
 HANOVKRIAN PRRIOD. 
 
 were brought about. 1880 feieate^t .ulvances " showing Jww ilij 
 
 91. ^^me »„ «ccou„e ot .he atolltlc, of slavery f„ ■!,» BHUsH ,lo,„i„i,. 
 
 from the Mother Country issT '^"^"^"" ^ *^o't'» Aineriean colon 
 ''■ HS.^^S::''"^"' ^^"^^^- ""^h «P--' -f-ence to his poihi. 
 
 Kreat historieal ev- - ^, .>f thatVe"io(L ISt '"■^'"'^'''^ "P°" '^ ^y 'I' 
 
 ♦95. Describe brief i\ ■«, :f;ic-.( t outprino' i.,f^ .? * •, ., 
 
 between King ai.i ^^^AiJ^S^^^^^^^^^^^^^iou^n^ 
 
 * 96. fJive some hist<iriiv I -nid peoffranbip-il ma •„. / t , * 
 
 andeonunei^ial infer.oruy^^S^m! "^^Ti^^'^'^S^ ""'-"^ 
 
 97. « Name and pve the position of fiin ni,;„f ^"*'""'"- -im'. 
 
 ^^irehu^a. .^)Acec^?rS<;iS^c^'i!il^S.iS<^-tHri.j 
 
 ''• S^nJUls^Jf^rUl^iiSe^S^i^l^^r^^'-'^ l-'Hon. and wri 
 Great Britain. 1887. ^"^ °" between eaeli of tliem ai 
 
 • 101. >rentkmttdc.zenortl,em„reimp,,rw;,f„X,;i ,?•,"''''■' '*' 
 
 * 101. What commercial advantages will iti v^,,,. ^ ■ • 
 
 intai,u-.,nU.erreoenta,.,ui^Vio,?SY':iLnurr/'S^ ^" ^'^ 
 
 102. Locate the great connnercial centres of the HriHci, . 'i 
 the world, an<l mention the foreign trade twl,f. ^^^^^^^^ through™ 
 noted. 1S,S8. ^oieif,n trade lor which each is srHJciall; 
 
 103. Enumeralo the principal inventions •111,1 ,i,v.„ • i 
 
 bute<l to develo'p tlK"\.,nn,V:;via" u1 ' hh^TiSal'^^ ^""'^ ^"''• 
 Britain in modern times. 18SS. iii<lu;,tnal progress of (irJ 
 
 Define the 
 
 imiKtrtaiit ( 
 Utrecht, J'hi 
 
 t\ WviUi shoi-t 
 
 1888. 
 
 Xarrate bri 
 Pretender's 
 
 |107. .Remark ( 
 (■entury ; tc 
 branches of 
 transjiort, in 
 
 . What was 1 
 idiigof thei 
 to ascribe th 
 
 . Write short 
 
 10. Write short 
 
 shire and Ke 
 
 Sketch the 1 
 
 2. Give an ace 
 
 made by the 
 
 have been .sa 
 
 i>. Fo'luw very 
 
 I. Write short ] 
 
 I'arliameiitar 
 
 lution ; (U) ji 
 
 I. Descril)e bri 
 l)etween the fi 
 of the Peace ( 
 
 • Write short 
 India Bill ; A 
 Slave Trade, J 
 117, "It is inde 
 Amiens and tl 
 that social st 
 employed, wh 
 (ireen. Exphi 
 
 Is. Xame and pi^ 
 iiigto theUrit 
 
 '•K l.'ame the mo] 
 
 '. Indicate the 
 iHirtionsof the 
 
 I-l. (a) Descrilii 
 of WaljHile's n^ 
 tiating vouroj: 
 him. IsiK). 
 
 ' Give a concise 
 Pitt's administ 
 
BKITISH IIISTOUY j.-v HKiEF. 
 
 ?markable pow^ r 
 i sin{,'ulur iroiiv,, 
 about throe oi'tlj 
 er iiia(le."-(;ivwl 
 ' showing liow tlij 
 
 265 
 
 Athlone, BayonpJ 
 ;, 'iorktown. ivj 
 
 Nottingham, .\fa 
 
 >t Indies, mciiiio 
 Lviuired. 18.S6. 
 
 the countries arii 
 British dominion 
 
 <siiin of Canada '1 
 ^mericiin ooloiiii 
 
 u to his polilioa 
 
 larter of t!io m 
 ted ur)oii it by ili 
 
 hitioiis subsistii; 
 II. 1887. 
 
 iland's industrii 
 . 1887. 
 
 of Great Briiaii 
 lal impcjrtani 
 
 Man, and \\rii| 
 icli of them ai, 
 
 lioy associated ,, 
 ey, Lutzen ? iss\ 
 
 »1 depots for (■(.! 
 y tile i)ositioii 
 
 accrue to (JreiJ 
 1«88. 
 
 nies throuplinij 
 ach is siHJciall 
 
 lat have contr 
 "Ogress of (i J L 
 
 1't.echt, iMassey. Saratoga, TrZu;::f'^!U^!^l,u''l^'^^''' ^'^^•■''>' 
 k write short r.otes on the National l.eb, the" Mutiny .;.. ihe ,Uot .Ut. 
 
 ^Snlle^S^S^^ffK^^^-^™-^ - "- '-tory ,f the Young 
 
 ''^^■^t^cM^/':^''^^:^^^^^'^ industry during the isth 
 
 .ranches of trades and SSc ^re. "^^^^^^^^ agncultnre,. in„H,rtant 
 
 lransiK>rt, inventions and discovSlissJ, ' ^■""""nnicaii.,a and 
 
 to ascribe that condition ? ms influence would you Ije iiuOined 
 
 fX Write short notes on " Tnnii.c; " 1 1 r, . , 
 10. Write short no es on tl^ nr /''^"^ S""^". '""^ -Tolm Howard. 18^8. 
 
 shire and Ken" 1888 "" P^^uctions and manufactures of Stair(,r,:- 
 11 Sk'-'tch the leading features of the reign of (Jeorge III i889 
 .'. Give an account of the Clmrti«t- \,r., ,f ,- 
 
 nm.le by the leaders of he uo^em^^^^^^ the demands 
 
 have been satisfied. Is8') ""'^'"t-nc, and show Jiow far tlie.se deniiiu.ls 
 
 ;• ^'!Z^"7 ^"'^"^' ^■■'^•^through his Indian carter, is-o 
 
 lution ; (,l) prosecution of ule Xorth iS ^sr ' ^''"'"" ''"^••- 
 
 ^2u^;ul;S;Li';?roS'S^^^ i^l.Uionships subsisting 
 
 of the Peace of Amiens, 1802 'issu '"'"^^'^»''^t^Jy l"-""' to ti.e coueiusion 
 
 Slave Trade, 1807. imj ^leland. Poynings' Act; Abolition of 
 
 '^^^i^^^^^^el^':;^'^^ the Peace of 
 
 tliat sooial .severance bctw^cui rk.l tny^nV.'\''"/'-' ^'^'^^ ^vartU' classes, 
 employed, wliicli still forms te^rVt'U'"^; ^'^'twcen employers and 
 Green. Explain tersely? 1889 <iilhculty of English iHjlitics."- 
 
 ^ii^rthlliKfteSi^^^^'"^^^ -^-"'^^ -1-1 .roups belong- 
 
 iK^rtions of tlV.\Sfsh Empire, i:^?!'^ submarine cables uniting various 
 
 'ni ^('.!iS'a::;4n:^r^■"'^^,r PcmS! °! 'i'^ ^"^'-" "«^-" -t the time 
 jiating your opinions in' refl54 cc t ^mni iwh u- ',''"'■'"' •'""^'>-' '^"•'■^tan^ 
 lum. LsiK). • ^"^'-''^"I"i'^ticular measures advocated by 
 
 nirsadS^uSr^Sib.'^' ^^"^ "f ^^"^'^'^ ^"•'•-'O'^t the time of 
 
■.%. 
 
 v^, 
 
 ^%-. 
 
 
 IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
 k 
 
 A 
 
 {./ 
 
 
 < v^ ^^^ 
 
 y 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 1.0 
 
 I.I 
 
 1.25 
 
 |5 '""^^ 
 
 ^ 1^ 
 
 12.5 
 2.2 
 
 2.0 
 
 1.8 
 
 1.4 
 
 1 1.6 
 
 6" - 
 
 Photographic 
 
 Sciences 
 Corporation 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 V 
 
 ^\ 
 
 
 33 WEST MAIN STREET 
 
 WEBSTER, N.Y I4SB0 
 
 :716) S73-4S03 
 

 '^ 
 
266 
 
 HANOVERIAN PKRIOD. 
 
 ''^•iiS each Ac"' The*teJ"\'TV^^^^ the causes that led to th. ,^ 
 
 Jteforiri Hill is-io. T? ^^^\ '^'^\}^^^'' t^a'l'olic Emai.ciimtion Act M 
 1870-1881 I89(!f^^' ^'I*^'"^ °^ "^'^ Corn Laws, 18J.J ; Irish Land J 
 
 125, 
 
 126 
 
 130. 
 
 131. 
 
 132 
 
 Sit.iSs isw '■ ^1^*^ "^" a^c^'"»t of the KeiH^al Agittttioi ' 
 129. (Jive an account of Walix)Ie as a Minisler of finance Wh'^t ^^.■ ,■ M 
 
 nStehe fnuf cent^?rV'''Ar"f'""' '■^'^''^''^' ^^ich characteri.. ,] 
 
 (6) At tlie clQs« ol thi! War „f A,„ai,«.„ l.>Jc.|.>.-i.;i«.,c", IM !» ''' 
 tMi't.^hSif.f "",''"""'". "'« '■■"Pavements ai„i ..ivaiiocinont, B.,1,1, 
 Emm na'Sn^' S"""'"'""--'. «rchlt„.,ur,, and oon.L".^"?/ 'S J. 
 
 ^•"^- r/;rj^'Ur''\"."l"' **'*^' '^v«"t8 in theoarH.^rpartofGeoruelllNn. 
 
 13«.^ljj.scril...Krnphi..ally the coudlct at Li.no! Qu.Ur'e Bras, and Wat.,1, 
 137. Dcsrrihe th(> iH.IIcy „f w,„. put towards Ireland How far w.m h. .» 
 
 
 Sketch and 
 France durii 
 and account 
 that time. 1 
 
 )!». {a) Sketcl 
 liitiou and e; 
 (b) Sketch tl 
 making si)ee 
 conduct of \\ 
 reference to 
 of Uriiisli ai 
 results of the 
 
 lilt, (a) Descr 
 tlie l;! Auieric 
 •1, 1770. (/)) 1 
 the progress i 
 . Write short 
 what these ir 
 Knglaiid : SI 
 Caxton, Sir 
 If lake, Chas. 
 1802. 
 
 , Dei^crilHi as 
 forn^s ellectei 
 I.S92. 
 
 (iive a short 
 full as you en 
 ctfccted in tl 
 the Mutiny. 
 
 L <iive some a 
 Hritish I'arliii 
 confronting h 
 
 , ('() Discuss 1 
 I he sou of ,Ti 
 which the ac 
 k'overnment ii 
 
 (a) l)i>scril)e 
 ili) the Treat; 
 America was 
 to the jMissagt 
 1701, aud .stat< 
 . Dcscrihe aud 
 1.1 ndondcrry 
 iinna ISO'.i, Nj 
 Ititloche iSHTi. 
 id) (live a^ fi 
 MUfI coiMincrc 
 'vutury, and ( 
 u hich coutril 
 '() < iive a lirii 
 ii'ri/.e<l the cc 
 who were insli 
 
BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIEF. 
 
 :67 
 
 il XuiK)lenTi T, ili-iilL 
 uaiicu, and maiiufl 
 
 s that led to the pi 
 iiiciiwion Act, jyj 
 9 ; Irish Land .Ai 
 
 lief industrial urej 
 industry caniiii 
 
 ting ^)etweeii (irj 
 )rt and impoit, 
 
 .8'JO. 
 
 against Tlie \\v] 
 ilH-'al Agitation u 
 
 ntiflcinventioiisa 
 iry. 1891. 
 
 ice. What wciv i 
 able t<) can V 
 icribo the inlli'ui 
 the mercantik'iir 
 
 h diaracterizi il t 
 f that revival ulii 
 1891. ■ 
 
 r of Lord Chatim 
 ; tiie honor i>( . 
 '■ of Parlianiciii h 
 n of th<.' Auuric 
 Chatham nimlt 
 liouor. 189J, 
 
 British posst'ssi. 
 n VcHrs' War 171 
 e, 1783. 1891. 
 
 wicements niHlf 
 anunerce of Wiiii 
 
 e of Canada \\\ 
 visions of tlii> ,\ 
 herein the Act « 
 .nd wherein ii w 
 
 'Georpe Til's ni 
 
 unt of the fret 'in 
 
 ras, and Watt li 
 
 >w far Avas In m 
 [H'cts did he fiii 
 It? 1891. 
 
 Sketch aiKl contrast the resi)eclive attitudes of Burke and I'itt towards 
 i ranee durniK the progress of the Frencli Revolution ( l-8-i-i7!»;{) state 
 and account for Pitt's final attitude towards the French Government of 
 tUtit time* loJl* 
 
 b. (a) Sketch the begmnintr^ of English rule in India. Describe its con- 
 dition and exteiitatthe couciusionof the I'eaeeof Aix-hi-('liai.ellc 1718 
 [b) bketcli the history of India as a British iiossessioii from 1T48 to' 177;} 
 making si>ecial relerence to the caioer of Lord dive. (,■) Describe the 
 conduetot V\ arreu Hastings as (iovenior-(ieiieral of India with sDecial 
 reference to w'hat he did for tiie e.xtensionand pernianeiitestablistnient 
 of Briiisli authority there, Describe brielly the causes, inei.lents, and 
 results of the Trial of Hastings. 1892. <-,«-"" 
 
 lio. (a) Descriln; as fully as you can the causes whi<.-h led the i)eonle of 
 
 "V--y^"ATI?" colonies to declare theirin(le].endence of England .lulv 
 
 •1, 1( /(). (/)) Describe succinctly the dmnrMic fmuh/rn of EiiLdand duriiiL' 
 
 the progre.ss ot tlie American War of Revolution ( 177(J-178;!): 18'J2. 
 
 • ^y-T'f'^. s^'ort notes on any 8 of the following, describing very brieflv 
 
 ;v hat theseinen did, or tried tod.., for the iK-netit, honor, or n.n.'wu of 
 
 hngland: fetepheii Langton, Simon de Montford, Jno. Wvciif Wni 
 
 a.xton. Sir Eiaiieis Drake, Sir .Iiio. Eliot, sir Henry Yaiie Hobe-'t 
 
 lUake, Chas. Montague, Jiio. Wesley, Wm. Wllbertorce,Horati<; Nelson. 
 
 i)escril)e as fully as you can the political, social and e.mnnercial re- 
 forms elTected or attempted by Canning, I'eel, and Huskiss<ni, 1822-7. 
 
 /n'!rL™l?rVlV'' ""^ ^''"^ ^'".^'•"" ^""."'i'- .^^•'■'■-'' "''^^^ »^ statement as 
 lull as \oii CI u ol is causes au.l its ivsulls. Describe the improvements 
 
 elTected in the iH.litieal, social, and material condition of India since 
 I lie JMUiiny, ioJ2. 
 
 'AiiyP.^T"',"'''""""^"^ '^ ^""l t''^' "'"'■« i'l'I'o'-tant Acts passed by the 
 IJritiHh 'arliament since ls(i!»; (/.) tlie .lilliciilt governmentul i.roblenis 
 confronting English stattisiiieii to-day and needing settleiiieiil. 1^!)2 
 
 iu) Discuss the relative merits of the rcs^'ctive titles of (;ei.rLre I an<l 
 the sou ol James II to throne of England, (h) Kescribe the inllueiice 
 S!;:^ntlil;ntin'SSand:'\^2!^" '' ''^"'^^ ' ""' u,k.u ..rliamentary 
 . (a) DescrllK! carefully the provisions of: il) tlie Tiealv of Paris ITiL-?: 
 .2) the Treaty of Versailles: J78;i. so far as Mritish jH^wcr N fl 
 America was concerne.I. (h) Descrlb(. caivfuUv ihe c m.ses whir i . 
 
 othe i«issage..f (I) the QuefK-.; Act, 1774; f2) ihe C..n.stl ut k. ii Ae' 
 l|91. and state ('..m'lsely the princiiml ,,rovl8lons of ■ licse Acts M)-' 
 
 Mescribe and ..cale geographically, iind urito Mst,.rical notes "on- 
 l.< luloiMlerrv lUSii, I'trecht J7i;{, Yorkb.w. I7S|. St. vMnVVit 7<7 rnr" 
 !lu.oHu?l,W^'\^?™ ^''•'' ^'""■'"'" 1792-7, CMeenston 1812, yue bee islil, 
 in) (iiven,sfullairacc(Miiitas iH.sslble of the Industrial improvement 
 mid commercial prn^n'ss which were made in Kmrliind ii the is , 
 rentury.and des..rlbe carefully the inllucn.r ,k l iiic | .r ot ruNe 
 which contrlb.ile.i town.Ms pr..,ln..|ng this in, ,mve . nt and , ,« ^V 
 
 ^/O (.ivea brief a untol the mural nnd snci„| reforms which' 'im incl 
 
 len/ed the century, and refer these, as far as iK.s>lble, to llie u-rJ^.im 
 who were Instrumental in eirectiUK them. JsUi? a , u. . n. |^ rsoiis 
 
268 
 
 HANOVKRIAN PiRRIOD. 
 
 150 
 
 S7^3f3)'\S'/iS^;!;"^^S'tho^^;'!./::.l^ the conquest of Can. 
 some acccA..;t Vthe ul^; L^\ i!^;:^!^! ^'Vi^'l'!^^^ '.i 
 
 some aofoiiiif 7^f Vh« T 11 ' ""■' ''^'"^'"«»» '-oionios, 177r)-17,s;{ 
 .ained or lost to the S^^SjS^'^ ^^o^^VT""^'' " 
 
 :-Alfri 
 . , StiilTDn 
 1893 ""' ■"'" ""'^"-■"' ^^•'-''. i-or(i lieaconsHeld, \\ 
 
 ■i 
 
 '''•vffi<S!^^ts^n^sr^f:Vl;:^.s^'^rv! ^^"^'-phicai position ,. t 
 
 c-aii tl.e\M.ara(;te • o " he cu. or;.,. ^ U. VrT''" "^^ P^^rti'eularly „> v 
 caioers. WA. usLini. lances and the eontnists of Ih,. tv 
 
 .existed between li^d u:::rs.^;;;i!:af;;^;-^' ..-v^j^t'^-!^" 
 
 The Ulster Plantuti.. i ,v n " nu f iV 'VT/' I'Vy'-'t-'^ ^ 
 
 of I'oynings- Aet, IMtt's AcVoi I'.don I'sw '^^'^ *''"""» ^'f l(Jb8, h.J 
 
 '•''•;:I?'[i^';:S^;:sr^:^;;,!;f?-l,^;;i'--^ history .. J 
 
 i^jniiM)s,wi.,f uii.,.,!.,V ;>/-,, ^-^ '"''I»I»' ol havinir the (^.i.inj 
 
 . Write a li 
 heads:— (« 
 Events ant: 
 
 , Describe 
 her newly-i 
 ions of the 
 
 Locate, ai 
 lUenheim, 
 Torres Ved: 
 |167. Draw a r 
 (a) the i)rli 
 first half of 
 ing the sara 
 ISW. 
 
 Give some 
 relKU of (-'et 
 and the inc 
 liamentarv 
 of imhlicati 
 2 (leorges ? 
 *'. Tell what j 
 constitutioi" 
 out ? 1,S95. 
 
 . Describe, a 
 •{evolution! 
 What part d 
 
 Name, and 
 Coloines vvli 
 
 Give some n 
 nature, wlu( 
 
 Tell the stoi 
 ws. 1805. 
 
 N. Give a brief 
 
 I ■-' of the folio 
 WaliKjle, Mil 
 
 1'5. "It wastn 
 rule over Ki 
 which they 
 converted th 
 clearly the ' 
 character an 
 Whigs were « 
 
 "(>. Locate, an 
 Arcot, Carrie 
 Langside, Ky 
 
 . nescrll)e the 
 
 early part of i 
 
 ''^ Write a nam 
 
 l'"rance, from 
 
 iV-lI I he fStuI 
 
 followed its si 
 
BRITISH HISTORY IN BRIEF. 
 
 269 
 
 ions of the (iuelH^c A^ and u/e Coutiumlonii'luf ^'l^gr'**^ "'^' J^^^^'^- 
 Torres Vedras. Tr'^Sr,' (vXioo^' ^f'^^' <^'^1 ^arum, PondiclierJy; 
 
 first half of thij7thc»ntnrv- /,? nti ,.1' 'i- ^ol<>'»^'^f"""rte(J during tlie 
 i^tnesan.e^riod.S&iihlnj5f;^SKJK- 
 
 ■.SlS^"^.Sm*«;;^:*^V{r' ,?!^7«-' -"i of the events in the 
 and the iuert^ise o i si won -e Mm "^^''^ Press 
 
 liamentary action <iuriL'f,^'^;,> :,''"'' " ' -^ '^'Kislation or otiior ])ar- 
 <)f publieation. What liinderod th Lu, ' H^Vr*'''.''^'""^'*! ^^'t'l Hhertv 
 2 Georges ? 1895. "'""^''trt the progress of tlie I'ress under the first 
 
 hsStS^sr^Kr'i;v\K^L;;^^^-^rr^«"^ ^^^ '----'. ('» 
 
 I out? 1,S!»5. ^^'"^^*--^tent ,vere tliey successfully carried 
 
 f What part di.r Canada play i^VlKtru i',';;'./"'/!?,^""'^'"^'-- "^ A.l.crica^ 
 
 .Tell the^story of the Crimean War. giving its causes and it. conse.,uen- 
 
 h^(^^K^Snle;;^!'^^ifct*^:it!;;|!-!- - ^^]^^^ ..Istory. ..f ... 
 I \\aliK,le, Milton, John lhigllt])israer''Ys.)5 "'"''' "'""1"'^'". KoU^rt. 
 
 which they had risen to Tk mW L V if m^^.*7 *''^' Vi!"-il'l«".s on 
 converted those principles int , natlo ml ba i,l 'V.'"'" .'"'"!'">'m<i<'n 
 
 Whigs were able' to g;!^^'pi;;K,r"rVi;^tffirS.;>^' ^r ^'^""'« ^'' ^ 
 
 l'>^t;^:;^fS!^;i^ii;^ 'S^e^^^^ '"/' i -(the fonowing :_ 
 
 bangslde, Kyswid., The ffilisl/lTlc' KhrM^^ ^''- '>"'l"esne. 
 
 r;;ri?';^::?t^s^,Ks'o?!/i!,.s^ 
 
 >\ lull constitutional change 
 
27o 
 
 H'lNOVERIAN PERIOD. 
 
 181. 
 
 1?5. 
 18G. 
 
 King, im ^'"^ Achievements, Personal Character of the| 
 
 voiiS''pllV ''^ the following divisions, the public career of t 
 I\vfi'Sn!'°l'sro ' '"""°''' '"■J"""'" »-" »«i«l reform, of Willi,,,, 
 
 * 189. Write an account of the Seven Years' Wnr- (n\ Th« ^„ /, • 
 
 CO TheSettle.uentofVi.™' / ^ "^ ""-' ^"^'^'^^'^ ^"""^^ 
 
 i>cve.oi..ie;.t, (cii^LiS; ^ £i;!:;rs.?.?iS:^' ^^ ^"•'"^'-' 
 
 Show liow JinglaiKl iKH-ame involved in tlic Crimean War RnH .ri, 
 conciscHccouiitof the war. 18'.M). ^"^ ^"mLan war, and give 
 
 liK! 
 
 I'.tl 
 
 I '.!.-, 
 
 197. Give 
 Corum 
 
 198. State! 
 which 
 
 199. Givetl 
 
 200. Write 
 the Tes 
 1900. 
 
 201. Give a 
 heads ;- 
 the legi 
 
 202. State tl 
 
 203. Drawn 
 of Indej 
 
 204. Indicat 
 mann, q 
 
 205. Describ 
 Wellingi 
 
 20G. Tell the 
 constitui 
 Queen's 
 
 207. What h 
 Caxton, 
 
 208. Locate, i 
 l>urn, Chi 
 
 1911 
 
 .jujd.tions, (.) Trade and (^onnice;"^./'l'.^;:^;i;„^:rSs^;:i J]- 
 
 f 
 
iforms of WilliiiiJ 
 
 m. 
 
 198. 
 
 199. 
 200, 
 
 201. 
 
 BRITISFT HISTORY m BRIRP. 
 
 202. 
 203. 
 
 
 state the causes of the Crimean War 
 Draw fin r.i,fu . .- "**'^' 
 
 204. 
 205. 
 206, 
 
 207. 
 208. 
 
 „K, wi i,,,c vyiiinean war 1900 
 Indicate the po.sition of the fnlin^f , ^ ^^^'^^^ colonies, i960 
 
 Uhat his;,,ri(<al interest atta.nhJ J ^^ .*^"'''" she a.ssuiiie t? 1900 
 
 he war betwiciJ 
 
FOR HIGH SCHOOL AND FIFTH CLASJ 
 OF PUBLIC SCHOOL 
 
 Canadian History Notes 
 
 By G. E. Henderson, Editor of The Canadian Teacher and Thf KvJ 
 
 trance; and C. G. Eraser, Assistant Master in Gladstone Ave. School 
 
 Toronto. Price, 15 cents. -^""oij 
 
 Oreek History in Brief 
 
 By Chas. Forfar. B.A.. Teacher of History in Ilarbord St. CoUegiau 
 Institute. Toronto. For Matriculation (Pass an.l Honors), Junior ;;;,, 
 Senior Leavnig. A comprehensive map is api>en.lcd showing acur 
 ately the location of every imixjrtant historical phice ; also Denart-l 
 mental and University Examination Questions in History from 1875 to 
 IwO. Price, 15 cents. ■ 
 
 Roman History in Brief 
 
 By C. Forfar, B.A. For Matriculation (Pass and Honors), Junior i.n.ll 
 Senior Leaving. Several skotch-inaps fully illustrate the hist„n 
 Departmental and University Examiuation Questions in History froiij 
 1875 to 1900 are also given. Price, 15 cents. 
 
 British History in Brief 
 
 By C. Forfar, B.A. For all Forms in High Schools and Collegiates, and 
 especially for Matriculation (Pass and Honors) and Senior Lej^vln^ 
 Candidates. Profusely illustrated by sketch-maps in which ever? 
 place of historical Importance is accurately located. DepartmcntU 
 and University Examination Questions in History from 1875, to l')(io 
 will be found appended to the various periods of the history Sikv 'i il 
 detail has been given to the Victorian Era up to the date of puhlic'i 
 tion, July 1900. Price, 80 cents. 
 
 Astronomical and Mathematical Geography 
 
 By M. Parkinson, Principal Givins St. School, Toronto. Candidat,s 
 for the Part I. Junior Leaving will Ihid this little volume of especiul 
 value. It collects, clas.sifics and simplifies the facts relating to Astro- 
 nomical and Mathematical Geography, Price, 25 cents. 
 
 [Hard F 
 
 By A 
 
 Candi 
 Stude 
 book 
 
 JGeogrra] 
 
 ByG. 
 
 I Exercis 
 
 By G. : 
 editioi 
 
 Mental 
 
 ByC. ( 
 
 Exercise 
 
 ByG. 1 
 
 I Manual 
 
 ByG. I 
 
 I Public S 
 th 
 
 Pamphl 
 son. Pj 
 
 How We 
 
 By Geo. 
 
 Exercisei 
 
 By E. ■\ 
 Answers 
 
 Key to D 
 
 Propositi 
 f!riit post-paid o 
 
 TH! 
 
 '1* 
 f 
 
TH CLAS! 
 
 ::!HER and The Kn 
 stone Ave. School, 
 
 t)or(i St. Collegiati 
 >nors), Junior iiiii 
 ed showing accur- 
 iace ; also Depart- 
 i story from 1875 tol 
 
 nors), Junior and 
 fate the histonj 
 sin History fionil 
 
 3 Colleffiates, and 
 i Senior Leaving 
 in which every 
 I. DepartniciitH 
 'rora 1875, to IDiio 
 history. Si>i'ciii 
 date of puhlica 
 
 rraphy 
 
 ito. Candidates 
 lume of espt'ciiil 
 elating to Astro- 
 
 ts. 
 
 
 Hard Places In Grammar Made Easy 
 Geography Notes 
 
 By G. E. Henderson, and G. A. Fraser. Pric-e, 15 cents. 
 
 Exercises in Arithmetic 
 
 By G. E. Henderson and ii w Rnw.o \t ^ n • ., 
 
 edition, containing answers 20^0;,^^^^^^ '^""' '"^"^'^- '^'^•^^•--' 
 
 I Mental Arithmetic Exercises -Part IL 
 
 By C. G. Eraser. . Price, 15 cents. 
 
 Exercises in Composition 
 
 By G. E. Henderson and C. G. Eraser. Price. 15 cents. 
 
 Manual of Punctuation 
 
 By G. E. Henderson and J. p. Taylor. Price, 12 cents. 
 
 jPublic^School^Lea^^g^^^^^^ Papers for 
 
 'oir^'pl.'* '" r '"'''' '''''^'''' '^""^^ ^°^ <^l'^«« "«e- «y «• K. irender- 
 i^on. Price, 10 cents ; or, in clubs of two or more, 7 cents. 
 
 How We Are Governed 
 
 By Geo. A. Eraser. Price, 10 cents. 
 
 Exercises in Algebra for Fifth Classes 
 
 Answerr^o"^:: ''■ ^^ ^^^^ '' --«• ^-hers- edition, with 
 
 Key to Deductions in Public School Euclid 
 
 Propositions l-XXVI. Price. 25 cents. 
 Srnt post-paid on receipt of price or throuyh dealers. Address- 
 
 THE EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHING CO., 
 
 Confederation Life RtriLnrNa, 
 
 TOliONTO, ONT. 
 
 M