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To THE Ifo.V0U.lATr.E THE MrxrsTKU OF Ar.niCVLTURK ; Sir, I Lave 11,0 l„,„o„r |„ s„l,mii heivwiii,, f,,,- y,,,,,. „,,,,,„y„| „,„ ■seoon,! hullo,!,, ..r ,|,„ ,;„„„.„, E.v,,o,i,„„„„| ,,„,„ ,„ „,,,,,^ ^^.,| ^^^ .ou„d .omedelails on,,o .no.o i,np„,.,„„, fe,t„,,, .f,,,^, ^^,,_,|^ _^,^. ^^ ha. l,oo„ „„de,.(aliir obedient soi'vant, Ottawa, i)oceinl)(M' lath, 1887, JJirci'tor. It IH the 00 mil tainin^ vv •oval, tho h will bo I'lv vvhicli try wincu '0 ill (]((. ohiinbiii. nuir tjiat irm will ^tor. g Ckntr.vi. Expkrimi<;ntal Farm m ._ ' I'i'ii'AitTMivNT or .V(;i!i(ri;rrit|.;, OTTAWA, CANADA. TESTING THE VITALITY OF SEEDS. I" Ha. li,..t bullen,, iss„c,l In,,,, ,h. Conful E.-pcimonial Ka,„, i„ ,''"■"•';■■'■ '•■'^'' •■ '"'■•"i"" >vas „.Klo„.l.,l („ lu, ,„orH, .M,.do„e,-« r :;:'":; ^""" '■" r' -^ '-- " '"- '■"'■"• '- "- '-^•<' -"'''-■ p..ck ,,:,.. ,„ .c.o,l« «..,.„ ..eeoived ,lu,i„g il,c n„„„|,. „( Ji,,,,, ,„„, Ap,-,l, «>M,u,K- „„,„ ,„ :„,v dillcrct sections of ,1,0 Kominion, l,ut ,h„ l=.iS«- pn.p„,.t,„„ „f u,e,a f,„„, 0„ta,i„ and .Manitoba Ihe.e.,oods we,ol«u„d U, va,y as .„ ,l,oi,. vitality, so.no b.i IO..^ol II tl,„„. j,.o,.,„„„t„,„. |,,^„„,.^ .|,,,^, ,„^j„^^, f-n, .Maa,toba and tl,. North-VVost Ten.ito,.i.. »l,„wo,l a „ ,1 »vo.ag„ o, v.tality than tl,o.so fro.a ll.o Ea.te., P,.ovi,>eos of b ^o....n...n, an nuliea.ion of tbo uoffoctno., o, .b„ opinion goncal y t« i, tba. g,.a,n grown in No.tho™ conntt-ies po..o.4» .n.,™ vi.ou^ an v.tahty than that p.,,du.„rt in n.o,. .Sou'the,. latittui ,X m,ko.,tnto,.„ valuable fo,..ocov,»OKS. ''■"I'i'i'liori of Vitality. ^^''e^t SW percent. g^ ^"'■Icy 97 " " -..Whether the. di.erenee! ...^X^UZZ^; Tho following table has boon pivparod to show the nuiiibor ol tcstH made of each tsorl, tho liii^'host and lowest dogi eos of vitality, as well UB the averaijo in each casa: — o o Wheat '. 37 Barle}' ^T Oats II Corn 14 Peas .... .. 4 Timothy 4 Other Grass Seeds. . . 12 Clover.o <»' Tiirnij) 1) Mang-old 11 Carrot 11 Cabbage S Beet 5 Tomato 5 Onion 5 Flax Seed H Parsnip 3 Eadith 2 Miscellaneous Seeds 17 f > 3 1 > be . c; >. l)l» 30 88 1)1) 34 91 !>!• 52 85 [00 8(1 !M 38 78 1»7 89 94 S9 00 42 !>5 70 P3 07 58 81 07 39 74 78 12 50 93 1<) ()4 98 G3 79 72 44 61 80 28 59 95 81 86 50 24 33 40 19 29^ 187 The miscellaneous seeds included one sample each of Rye, vital- ity 90 per cent. ; Rape seed, 98; Buckwheat, 80 ; Beans, 68; Celery, 10; Cauliflower, 48 ; Cucumber, 36 ; Lettuce, 65; Cress, 15; Sage. 23; Spinach, 8; Summer Savory, 10; Sweet Marjoram, 17, aiul Maple tree seed from British Columbi;) (Arer macrophyllum) 40 per cent. Also two samples of Melon seed and one of Squash, both ot which entirely failed ; these were said to be ten years old, and were Bupposed by the party sending them to be gaining in vitality by being kept, mbor ol vitality, ye, vital Celery, » ; Sago. 17, ami ) 40 per , both ot nd were by being Some very iiM'fiil aiiii practical results wcio reacted by those teHt>, of which th(» followiiig will s*orvt' as examples: — A dealer in a,i;!-icultiii'al seeds, for whom Hon.c tests were made, writes ihiis : " Thaidcs foi' your careful report on seeds sunt for lest- in<^-; it will ensure tiie dei^tructioii of all of low average growth and thus directly herictit tiie people foi' whom the I'jxpei'imciital Farm was establislu^l. ' A hantlsome samjtle of Ci-eani i!^gypti;in Oats, held tor seed, was Hent lioin Nova Scotia, These oats wcvo jjlump and heavy, weighed about forty })Ounds to the bushel, and a])pcai'Cil to be in good condi- tion. On being tested they showed a gei'ininating power of only forty-seven j)er cent ; the bla-lcs were weak and siclcly, showing that the oats wei-e quite unfit tor seed, These had probably been injui'od in the mow by being taken in befoi-e they were thoroughly cured. A 8am])le was received IVom a lot of 125 bushels of garden jieas grown for seed, which it was suspected had been itijuietl in hai'vest- ing, on testing them they wei'o found to have losl much of their vitality, oidy tdiirty-eight per cent sprouted. There exists in ijie minds of some farmers a prejudice against the use of corn lor ;,eod, which has been stacked out all winter^ many assei'ting that it will not grow. A sample sent by a corres])on(^ent to test this point showed a vitality of eighty-tive per cent , which was about the avei-age (juality of the samples received. Last season the house for seed testing was not comjiletcd until Febi'uary, which made the time for woi'k very short, and many did not hear of the advantages offered until it was too late to avail them- selves of them. Seed testing for next season's sowing has already begun and will bo continued througlunit the winter. It is hoped that many will avail themselves of this opportunity and send their samples early. No charge is ma, correspondence was opened with reliable dealers in «eed grain in England, Germany, France and 6 t No'thcM-n Hiis>ia, with the view ol' .^ei-uriiig a IniT^o numhcr of vai'ioties fl)r coinpfti'Mtivo test. Wheat was soiii^hl from Nortliern Kiissiu with the liope of obtaining a hard wheat of tjood quality, equal it' possible to the Hed I''ifc, so much esteemed, with an earlier riptniiig iiabit,HO us to lessen the loss which early frost sometimes entails on the vast wheat ci-ops oi'Manitobaand the Xorth West Territories. A lai'go number of varieties of wheat, oats and barley, were obtained in Gor- many. Kn^u'land and France, oatherod from all ijiiartei's of the world, for testing on the Kxporimeiital Farm at Ottawa, and one consignment of wheat from Higa, ^u^sia, int»>nded principally for distribution among the farinci's in the more northern sections of the Dominion. This wheat as received was of excellent quality, j)Iurap and hard, weighing sixty-(tne jiounds to the bushel, and, when submitted to exports, was sairin^ this wheat and rcturnin<; at the <'loso of the Hcasoii to the f'entral Rxpcrimcntal Pai-m, Dopaitniont of Ai^rit'ultui'o, Ottawa, \)y mail, in the bai;' herewith Hont, a sample of the same ;is thrown on your land, also .stat(> the cliaraotoi' of the Hoil nn which it was ijji'own, the date of sowinjj;, the time of ripening and tlie yield, witli any t.thoi- romai'ks rehitint^ to it which you may believe to be of importance. Tested at the seed house at the I'iX- periniental Farm, both in the soil and in the seed tester, this ^rain has ])ro;luced a viirorous^^-rowth. !)S per cent, ^j^ei'minalinsi; pron\ptly. • \Vm. Saimders, " Director:' On\y part of the returns have as yet been receiveil, but as far as the}' have come in, they show a most j^ratityin^- success, ostalilishing the fact that this wheat wiM ripen in Manitoba and the North-West from ten to tifieon day> earlier than Red Fife, a gain which past expei-ience would lead us to believe would be sufficient to secure this most important crop from all danger of frost. The shipment from llussia was not received until the seeding .-^(iason in the North-West was noarlj' over, hence the wheat could not be sown early enough to give it a favourable chance; on this account it will require the experi- ence of another year to establish with accui'acy its period of I'lpea- ing. This subject i^ of sncli vast impoi-t anco to the future of the country that no pains will be spared in the endeavour to ascertain the true bearing of all the facts. Samples of this wh(»at as grown in the several Provinces are being submitted Lo eminent expei'ts for their opinion as to its quality, it is also undei-going careful chemical analysin with other wheats for compai'ison, and if practicable a por- tion will be ground into flour and its value in bread making tested; a special bulletin on the subject will be issuetl as soon as all the desiied information is available. In the meantime the interest awakened in the subject in the North- West is very great, and so large a number of applications have been sent in for samples for spring planting, that a second consign- ment has been ordered from Riga, which supplemented by what has been grown here will, it is hoped, be sufficient to introduce this wheat into almost every locality and prepare the Avay for its general cultivation within two or three years. m s The Mnnitobii whoat di^tril.uto.l (•o^.Hi^tc(l of RchI File, VVliito Fife uixl White llussiMii, all ^'ond >nu\])\vs. These wore hont tnsiinly to fanners in OnUirioand (iiiehec, with Ihe view of aseerluinii.^' whether need whoat oblaiiiedfroiii th.-iicith would niatiilesl muisual vi<;-ouf and fertility. The season in Ihtvse I'lovinces has been so unliivour- ablo that no very iohabir dala is likoly in bo obtained this year. SPRING WORK. On the second of May liio^M'ound was sutticiently iVce from frost to permit of work beiu:;- be^am on the Central Kxpei'iniental Farm. The removal of internal fences, the i,'alhcrii\i; up of stone and the removal of stumps, neces>arily delayed and limited other operation.-, PloUi;hin^' was begun on the lind and .ending on the Gth of May. Many acres were brou^-ht innlor cultivation anel soedini;' and jdanling were continued until the season was quite advanccil. GRAIN TESTING. Sixty-hevon varieties nf sprini;- wheat were sown, a lar«;o pro- portion of which were obtained from Europe, some from Uussia, France, Kngland, lEimgary, Greece, Italy and (termany, also several from India, New Zealand, Australia, Japan, and others from the United States. Many samples wore kindly donated by Pi'ol'. La/-enby cf the Ohio l-iXjioriment Station at (^'olumbus, and some by Prof. Brown of the Ontario College of Agriculture, Guelph. Owing to the great drought which ])i'ovailed this year during the growing period, the results have not bc<>n entii-ely satisfactory and another yoai-'s testing will be needed before the relative value of these varieties can be determined. Among the promising soils the following desi'i've special mention: Pringle's Champlain, Improved Summer Cob, White Delhi, Californian White, l^-imcnia Sicilian Bearded, Gaiician Summer, Indian Hard Calcutta, Jlungai-iun Mountain, Russian Hard Tag, Bearded Summer and Boai-ded Mandi. Thirty-one varieties of Barley have also been gi-ovvn, among which the following are of much promise: Scholey's Chevalier, Ilallet's Pedigree Chevalier, Swedish, English Malting, Danish, Californian, Screened French, Bestehorn's and Golden Melon. The Six-rowed Mandschurian and Large Two-rowed Naked are among the heaviest . yiclders Of oats sixty varieties have been tested, the most promising of which of the white so"ts are : Scotch Angus, Tartarian White, 4 9 l»- Aii<iiion ol" Lho.-Hy variotios of ^i-ain wore obtaino'l in small ([uaii lilies, ami grown in plots of 20 hy 10 fotit ; about thirty s )rts wci'o grown in onc-tifLh acre ])lots an i th(^ remainder in larger <|uantitioH. POTATOES. Two hundied and forty-live varieties of potatoes wore also obtained, cduetly from liliiropo, bnt most of them in small (inantiticH only. Tho most pi'omising pro luctivo .sorts among the newer intro- ductions are August Kidney, White Star, I'hnperor William, oau(y of Hebron and Chicago Market, very fair crops wereobtained ; the same may be said of the cari-ots, mangolds and turnips grown for stock. Several acres of peas of the variety known as the Golden Vine also yielded well None of the land couM be got int-) tit condition lor experiments with grasses or with fertili/ers until it was too late in the season to undertake such work. It is j)ioposed to carry on experiments in this direction during 188S. HORTICULTURE. Since the climate of Ottawa is very fairly representative of the larger part ot Quebec and Ontario, it is of much importance that the fiuit-growing capabilities of the district be ascertained as early and as fully as possible. With this end in view an extensive collection 10 )ecial to be d be iiy hardy, including all those of Eussiiin origin which coud be .tiiined, as the climaio on account of its seventy liere, has liithorto sen regarded as nufavourablo for the growth of most kinds of fruits. of both huge and small fruits has been brought together, s}) attention having been paid to those varieties vhich are likely to be ver, obtt been LARGE FRUITS. The (iolloclijn comprises 1)03 appla trees of 2!t7 varieties, of which 174 are Russian sorts; 298 ooar trees of 101 varieties, 15 of which are Russian ; 197 plum tree^ of 72 varieties, :J2 of which are Russian; M-") chcrrv trees uf 71 varieties, 5-1 o( which are from Russia and «)tlier parts of Northern Europe; 25 Peach tiee.s of 11 vai-ieties, American ; 7 Apricots of 4 varieties, 2 Chinese and 2 European; and 20 crab a[)ple ti'ccs of 12 varieties, ehielly Ameiicnn. SMALL FRUITS. The collection oi' small fruits includes 891 hardy grape vines of 127 varieties, 805 currant bushes, comprising 20 varieties of the stan- dard named sorts, to wliich must be added neai'ly 100 new seedlings, some of which are very promising. In the collection of 251 goose- berries there are 30 named soi-ts and about 50 uiuiamcd seedlings. The 0,050 ras>»berries are represented by .18 named vjcietios and about 200 unnamed seedlings, among them ai-e many interesting hybrids, some of which from this seasons showing, give promise ol' great fertiiity. Amon;.'; theaOi* blarkberry plants there are 20 named vai'ieties, including all the hardier sorts obtainable, and in the strawbeny beds there are 20,900 plants of 90 named ^oit> and about 50 unnamed seedlings, foi'ming a coUectiim of much interest and promise. FORESTRY. J-Ughty-eight thousand young forest trees and ornamental shrubs have been procured and planted, comprising both evergreen and deciduous sorts, including many native and foreign sjjecios. The total number of species and varieties exceeds 500, among which are many never before introduced into Canada ; this collection will be largely augmented by the product of the seed beds. It is intended that buch sorts as prove hardy shall bo propagated for testing in other parts of the Dominion. SEED DEPARTMENT. The seed beds consist of 278 frames, twelve feet long and four feet wide, in which there has been sown a large colloctio n of the seeds B 11 of (I'oos, shnihs aii-l plnnts. 3;!r» packages were kindly sert from the T?oyal Ganloiis aL Kcw, London, I'^no-Iand, ii donation from the Direc- toi'. \V..I. Thi>tloton Dyoi-, K^liown by the Director ot the Imperial Hotanic Gai-den of St. Potorsbnrg, iJiissiti, Or. K. Rogel, who hu.s sent 300 packages, about 100 of whirh were sent direct, the remainder to Mr. Chas.' (Jibb. o) Abbotsfoi-d, (,)iiebec, who very gonei-ously gave them to the K.xj)criniental F'arm. in this assortment there weie a large propor- li"ii (il bcib:,c(M)us and succulent ph.nts from the Northern regions of iMiM.pc \\ lilt si-cds of a niinibci' ot sjiecics of shi'ubs ami trees from Tiu'kestan and Siberia, Thi-ough the kindness of Pi-ot. C. Sa.ssaki Director wf the ll.tanic (iarden oi the DnperialCollegeof Agi-iculture' utTokio, .Japan, 110 sorts have been obtained from that interesting coUMiiy. hi the .lapaiie^-e colle<-iion there were forty species of treet nnd shrubs from the most Noi-thern Pj-ovinces of the Kmj)ire, whore Ihc temperature is severe and the snow fall heavy dui-ing the' winter ni' nths. h is ]),r.l.able thai some ot tlu-e will prove hardy in thin country. IVsides these abnnt l.L'OO sorts have been secured bypnr- clijise in Kuiope and Amerir;,. Seeds lioni native (^madian forest trees an.l ^hrubs have ai