CIHM Microfiche Series (IMonographs) ICIMH Collection de microfiches (monographies) Canadian Institute for Historical Microraproductions / Institut Canadian da microraproductions historiquas Technical and Bibliographic Notes / Notes techniques et bibliographiques The Institute has attempted to obtain the t)est original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming are checked below. D D D D D D D Coloured covers / Couverture de couieur Covers damaged / Couverture endommagte Covers restored and/or laminated / Couverture restaur^ et/ou pellicula Cover title missing / Le titre de couverture manque Coloured maps / Cartes g^raphiques en couieur Coloured \r\W (i.e. other than blue or b\acV) I Encre de couieur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) Coloured plates and/or illustrations / Planches et/ou illustrations en couieur Bound with other material / Reli^ avec d'autres documents Only edition available / Seule Edition disponible Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along interior margin / La reliure serr^ peut causer de I'ombre ou de ia distorsion le long de ia marge int^rieure. Blank leaves added during restorations may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming / II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajoutdes lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, mais, lorsque cela 6tait possible, ces pages n'ont pas 6t6 f ilm^s. Additional comments / Commentaires suppl^mentaires: L'Instltut a mk:rofilm« le mellleur exemplaire qu'll lui a M possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exem- plaire qui sont peut-dtre unk^ues du point de vue blbli- ographlque, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une nfK)difk»tion dans la m^tho- de nonruile de filmage sont indk^uds ci-dessous. I I Coloured pages / Pages de couieur I I Pages damaged / Pages endommagtes □ Pages restored and/or laminated / Pages restaur^es et/ou peiiiculdes r/l Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ I — I Pages dteolortes, tachet^es ou piques I [ Pages detached / Pages d^tach^es [\/| Showthrough/ Transparence □ Quality of print varies / Quaiitd in^gale de I'impression Includes supplementary material / Comprend du materiel suppl^mentaire Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to ensure the best possible image / Les pages totaiement ou partietlement obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure, etc., ont 6t6 filmdes k nouveau de fafon k obtenir la meilleure image possible. Opposing pages with varying colouration or discolourations are filmed twice to ensure the best possible image / Les pages s'opposant ayant des colorations variables ou des decolorations sont fiimdes deux fois afin d'obtenir la meilleure image possible. D D n This Kern It f llnwd at th* reduction ratio chackad Mow / Ca documant aat film4 au taux da rMuction indlquA ei-daaaoua. lOx I4x 18x 22x 26x 30x ./ 12x 16x 24x 28x 32x TiM copy filmad hmn hu h—n raproduMd thank* to ttMi ganaroaitv of: D.B. WcMon Library Univcnity of WMtcm Ontario Tho imagM appaaring hara ara tha baat quality posaibia cenaidaring tha condition and lagibiiity of tha original copy and in kaaping with tha filming contract apacif Icationa. Original copla* in printad papar eovara ara fllmad baginning with tha front cover and anding on tha laat paga with a printad or illuatratad Impraa- aion. or tha bauk covor whan appropriata. All othar original coplaa ara fllmad baginning on tha firat paga with a printad or Illuatratad Impraa- aion, and anding on tha laat paga with a printad or Illuatratad impraaalon. Tha laat racordad frama on aach microflcha ahall contain tha symbol — *> (moaning "CON- TINUED"), or tha symbol V (moaning "END"), whichavar appiias. Mapa. plataa. charts, ate. may ba fllmad at diffarant raduction ratioa. Thosa too iarga to ba antlraly included in ona axpoaura ara fllmad baginning in tha uppar laft hand corner, loft to right and top to bottom, as many framaa as raquirad. Tha following diagrams illustrata tha method: L'axemplaira film* fut raprodult grica * la g4n«roalt* da: D.B. Wtldon Library Univaraity of Wa ^•fw-a./w-ir. \ DOMINION OF CANADA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SFrn BRANCH GEO. H. CLAiv . Seed CommiMloncr AN INQUIRY REGARDING THE WHEAT. OATS. BARLEY, FLAX. AND ENSILAGE CORN USED FOR SEED IN CANADA BT Edgar D. EDDT, 6.S.A. Chit/ UttU Jiuptitor. BULLETIN No. SO Published by authority x)f Hon. MARTIN BURRELL, Minister of Agrieulturo, Ottawa, Ont. JANXJABY. 1915 72909—1 Dkpartmrwt or AaRiouLTt/Mi. Ori-ici or Sbbd Commu-hionrr. Ottaw*, Junuary 7, 1!>IS. To flic TTi.ii.niriiiiI<» >f\imv Bi imii.i,, .MiiiistiT i.f Airriciilturo, OtUlWH. Sir,— I liiive tin- lioiK.ur to MiKmit for your ni>proviil a mporf of nn imiuiry iiitu the qiiiilit.v lit tlic -(111 wliciit oiiN, barlpy, flux iiiiii ciKilaKo porn ii«pH l>,v fiiriniT-<. The '"'iin object of flii.H iiHiuir.v w.h to n.icortaiii thi- coiiiinon prncfiops of fnrnifri in ropreM-nUitivc liM'aliil.« in each of tho provincen. The data obt«iiicHl is intorcwtinK and •Ten Burpri.*iii(». It -trvp« to nipasiiro the profnws made m tho nwiilt of wliuation and h'tfi-'Iatiiiii a;iil -Iiuwt tiio nrco!.sif.v for further utrKrcaeive nctivitirti with a viow to make it easy nml attractive for fanners to do tho wise thiiiff and diffieult for them to do tlie thiiiu which is opposinl to the best interestx of themselved and the pommuiiity. Tiiere is tm warrant for general idiidcnination of go-cnlled " indifferent farmers" bivrtUjie of unfoitiin.ite conditions revealeil l>y this in(|uiry. Tlicro is much need for serious eon>idcration wliy the best practices are not more attractive. It is believed tiiaf tho information contained herein will make ni(>re clear the dangers and lo,,es ai-eiuing from the use of inferior seed. I recommend that it hi prii'*pd for general distribution. 1 have the honour to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, GEO fl. CLARK, Heed Commissioner. 72009—14 m'l mm„^ AN INQUIRY ■ RUARblMH TUB WHEAT, OATS, BARLEY, FLAX, AND ENSILAGE CORN USED FOR SEED IN CANADA On il« (Train i-rop* dipi'iid to ii irrrut pxti-iit tlip wraith oiui K'Hcful pro»|N'rity uf an •irriuulturul cixintr}. K"*""!* >•'•'' ^"' y''''' "'"' 'lH'il'ty f ••"' |>riti nol only i){ •pcx-iul interewt t<> tlK> furnHTH Imt urf iiMltiT'* of mitioniil f>i rii. It it therefore of the ulinoxt iniixirtmuD that mhjIumIii l>u luUi'Wid thut will pnxliifo niiixinium yidiU of tho hi|{ht'i>t ■ •ulity. One uf tli»' prihfiptil factor* toward ilii^ «'iid in tli« UKe of Rood wrd. In ordrr that l»hl)jc<'t of «oi'urinB detinitt' inforuiutiou in ntfard t( 'duality of tlir leed us«d on Ciinadian fumi!", an iiuiuir>- wa* insttitutitl in th« r of 1013 witli whont, oat«. barhy ami Hax, and iontiniifd. toKi'thxr with information in ri'ffard to V .rit'tv, .ourcc of •■nitplv, trcHtinrnt fur Mnut prevention, rate of HixKliii;^, ulcanini^ and si'liction. Over ;1,"d uned by farmers. Thin was done mi far u« |>o«iililo but tho rwultji are not pr»'!«ent<'d a« nn nrovineee is MiwHer proportioiiately than from others nnd that unintenfion- ally iii'^ix'et.orH nuiy have ouoa!, as will be noted in ihtail later, wunph's were t;iken from li'fs that were yet to be cleaned U-for*- RPcdinjr, »o thut the snnimarj' of tin- purity tt«t rei>nrta id ineorret't to this extent us indicating the impurities that were in the «ecd when !«i)wn. However, after nuikini; lull allowame a» innccuraeiiw, it it clear that tho value of the jrrain croi« produced i>; «'anndu . .'Uonnou^ly li.Aered ei>ch year throuKh the use of jMmr i>eed. Surprisiiidl. little ..^ntion i« piiid to choosinB the most .suitable varietiw. The setil is oldnin "^i lectcd or drradeil, i-.\cept to pa.ss it through ii fanninR-niill once or twice, and ofi i. nut even this is done; in many i'a«es the mills arc not equipped wi»'.. •)ropcr ;.ii '■•■ unil little iniprovcnient i* effected. Much preventable lo<*s is 8USi':ii d tlirmitfli ailurc to trcyit seed for smut preventicin. The number and variety ot wti"*! s«>ed aod otlur impurititf in a lartrc proportion of the prain and flux insures the introduction of numerous v^eeds and precludes the po.ssibi!ity of prowinff even reasonably clean crops which is ei>te best adnptitl to the soil and clinuitic conditions under which they are to be grown. The lack of attention given to selection is iudicated by the fact that over forty per cent of the farmers from whom 8ampk« of WHEAT, OATS, UAIM-KY, M.AX A.Nt) KNSlI.ACii: COKV USKD FOK 8KED wheat, outs and burloy were collwti'd did not know the vara-ty iiaiiit- of tliu sjraiii tlii-y wore prowiiip. In the followingr tahloa a list is jjivpn of the variotips of differont kitids of praiii reported from all Canada and by proviiiw*, witli an indi(*ation of thoir popularity a;, shown hy the innnboi's. At the foot of oai'h table is given the number of samples for whidi the variety iianic was not known. VAIMKTIKS OK 0\TS. Vail 'lit^. Total iiimiV*r of x.iiii|il(?<. Banner — AbiuKlance . SpnBiition Liffowo Old Ixlani) ninck . . . Twfintietli Century. . Newmarket Canadian Oartim'n No. 22 . . Mainmotli Cluster. . . Shelfield St:indard . St'iriii King Waverly Irish White .. Prince Royal Silver Mine .. Black Norway Black Tartarian. .. , Ruwiian Siberian Stirling White Jewel White (Mii«ter. Dodd's White Big Four Egyptian Afamnioth Karly Cluster Swedish (Jiant White Wave Wideawake White (liant Victorv While .\tarliie K&rly IMosfitiui Danish .... Cold Rain Great D.ine Gloucester Joauette Irish Victor Ijiucoln . . Minni'sotn No 4 . . Improved Sw"'ilish. . 1 rosliect SwHlish Select Brazilian K;irly Kii;,';ish Bonaiiza Surprise Ko..edaile Thousand Dollar... I'ri/.e Cluster White Snow Drop.. Blanche D'Ki^sse... Danish Isl.ind Mi-.7 2.3 2 ■ i;' N.V.. 8 U«i lK> Sa»k. 52 54 1 1 Alta. i:i2 2(> 24 12 4 B.C. X> im xt M'§mm09^ VAUIKTIKS 7 Sek'crol samples of outs were reported under names which maj indicate the aource of the see 'Id as scfd. Ki(flit(H'n saniplc-i wore ri'ported only as wliite, eight as black and a niim- li(T of others uiidtr sucii lui - as Repciipratcd. witli no indication of the variety. For the tabic all of these are includctl in tiic number for which no variety name is given. v\iim;tii;s of iiaiii.kv. Varietiea. Canada. I'.KI. 2J I 1 x.s. X.H. Que. Out. ! Man. Sank. i Alta. B.0 Tiital nuiiib«T of daniplfs O.V.C. \i). 21 4iW 47 !) 295 12 2 1 3 2 56 2 3 ."< 2 81 38 22 eo 1 104 '■"6 59 1 (• Mandrtchfuii Duckbill Mensury * Braver. 3 1 3 Hulless Ttarton'H 08 2 1 Beardless! f 'hi'valior 1 Knpli-'li Mailing. 1 i Invincible 1 O.A.C. No.l 1 Tiiuini>h 1 1 "'isi' '55' 90 i(j' ' C ..... i 44 Variety not known . M 6 Inclmlcd among the samples for which no variety name is given are 105 ropMrtod n* O-rowed, I'l as 2-rowcd and 2 a.s 4-rowcd. V.MilKTUCS OK Sl'inXC WIIKAT. Varieties. i Canada. P. F.I. X.S. X.B. Que. Ont. : Man. fSask. Alta. B.C. Total number of samples ..... Red Fife White Fife ,-)0« 2.-)2 ;«) I'.l 17 13 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 106 24 2 i-i 1 li 18 ! 6 I 61 17 4 22 1 16 100 84 ""5' 202 no "22 ti 10 "3 6C 32 1 10 "li 2 7 1 Vliite Russian StMulev y 3 1 1 ! Blue.«teiii 4 Laurel • ::.. ('tiaui|'I:4in ""i 2 1 Alberta Red IJUekSea Club . . ! 1 I'.urril 1 1 1 ! lio-tt Nation 1 * ' * ' St. Lawrence . . '1 Initv 1 ■■' WMt'eCliatf 1 ! .1 .■ii 1 7 1 49 1 2 1 6 ' 1 1 Several sample? of spriuir Avlicat inoludod in the ;i!i,)Vo 't:i!ilc p.ninnjr tli.>.;o f.>r whieh no variety is given were reported under such names a* llauituba Hard or Western. 8 WHEAT, 0AT8, BARLKY, FLAX AM) KNSll.AtiE COKN USED FOR 8KED VAEIKTIKS or FALL WHEAT. Ontario was the only province from which samples of fall wheat were collected. Of the 20 samples, only one was without a variety name. Dawson's Golden Chaff was reported 18 time«; Early Clawaon, 3; Early Windsor, 3; Mogul, 2; Abundance, 1; Winter King, 1. TREATMENT FOR THE PREVENTION OF SMUT. The treatment of ^>eed grain for the prevention of smut is quite generally practised throughout the Prairie Provinces. Experience has ehown that if it is neglected serious losses will fallow. In the eastern provinces there is considerable smut in the grain crops each year, but it has not been euflScieutly prevalent to make treatment for its prevention general. The loeees are much greater in Eastern Canada than is realized and the vahie of the crops would be considerably increased if treatment for smut prevention were more peuerally practised. Over half the samples of fall wheat collected in Ontario contained smut and it is also very common in the spring crops, especially oats. The following table gives the number of samples represontiiiR the lots that were treated. It will be noted from the samples for which the method of treatment was reported that formalin is much more popular than bluestone. Kind of Grain. Canada. P.E.I. 51 9 9' 42 24 14 N.S. N.B. Que. Ont. Man. Sa«k. Alta. B.r. Oat$— Number of lots reported Ti eAttd 978 392 291 19 82 686 606 361 228 50 83 145 29 29 408 1«7 123 9 ai 241 60 7 ••■j- 63 18 3 8 158 164 6 1 " s' l&S 22 146 67 67 9 1 79 100 93 67 36 224 211 170 5 36 13 202 193 120 10 63 9 132 74 48 i 58 f*i 53 48 3 2 13 18 15 2 Method not epecified 1 8 6 1 158 61 17 JSpring wheat— Number of lots reported 1 4 ' ■ 3 i* 10 "3 15 ■ 1 5 1 Method not epecified Not treated Fall vheat— Number of lots reported .... Not treated Barleu — Number of lots reported .. . . Treated 61 22 29 29 84 5 2 7 3 25 9 12 2 56 60 25 17 8 ' l<6 104 7fi 73 1 2 28 59 49 28 a With formalin.. 3 Method not specified Not treated 9 16 "■'12 ■■'2 "'56' 3 79 21 10 3' SOURCES OF SEED SUPPLY. Slightly over seventy live i)er cent of the farmers from whom .samples of wiieat, oats, barley and flax were collected jrrew tlu-ir own sccil. Al>oiit twelve per i-ont secured it from other farmers and five per cent from dealers. From the table below it wmas "I SUUUCES OF SKED SLl'l'I.Y 9 will be Been thnt the proportion of farmers wlio scoured tlioir «rf 8 59 37 21 B ■rUy- Aumlicr of lots rei>orted Hi me grown t^out other farmers 12 7 2 66 18 7 15 10 1 6 1 6 Fniiu dealiTS 2 5 1 6 2 4 N umber of lots reported Home grown. ,. . . Sources not givi n i 1 721)09—2 10 WUBAT, OATS, BAHLEV, tLA\ A.NU EXSILAGE COUX USED FOB SEED RATES OF SEEDING. The following table showg tlie highest, lowest and aTerage rates of seeding in bushels per aero reported in the different provinces. In some cases the low rates were used when only a light nurse cMp for clover was desired. Kind of Gnin. Cankd*. P.E.I. N.S. N.B. Que. Onl M«n. Sxk. AltIL B.C. OmU— Highest 4 5 1-5 a 72 35 06 171 2 1 1-83 36 05 202 0-7fi 0-6 069 4 25 33 2 1 75 1 95 4 2 3-37 26 IB 225 36 2 258 1-5 IB 15 4 3 2 GO 3 5 05 1 70 S'6 16 2-34 236 15 1-84 3 1 1 83 3 1 1-76 4 3 2 61 1-5 1 25 1 47 4 3 26 2-75 1 1 70 4 3 383 329 1-25 1-62 4 6 2 76 Averftffo ••••• 8 39 Spring tcheat^ Hiorhcfit 2 TiOWPftt 1'68 1-96 /• 7 ukut the liigh average weed sc*d content shows tliat in iiiu-it t-asos the attempt iifcomplislied very little. Ai>i)aniitly tlicro is a genen>l lat'k of Bpi)rfciiitioii of the imiiortniioc of cleiinin^; seed and nlsui of equipment for doinjf it. Some of the most Bucccs>fiil farmers reduce tlio hulk of their ^rain, when preparing? it for seed, from one-third to one-half by cieanin^r a!id grading. This is a prai-tioal reco^riiitinn of the principlo that like pniduees like and that for best resulls nothing hut piiiv s.cd mikI only the best kernels i'lioiild hi' put into the ground. But ii.'ost fanner:- appciir to bi' ((intuit with putting the «eed through n faiming-mill once or twiec, and often the mill* are not properly equipped. Many of those in u»e have only a fesv sievis and riddles designed for elf ailing grain for market and are entirely inadequate for jiroprriy cleaning it for son\. For small seeds the equipment is cvi'ii vvor^-e. Nearly all the .-ample- of flax would have bei'ii much inijirovcd by the use of a woven wire riddle '! .v l(!-iiicli size (three spacra to the inch one way and 16 the other), to carry the laritc f'reign ?ce9 and riddles necessary proiK-.rly tfj clean Bceo\viiig Hand w*l(';^tiun n78 S57 07 8 113 ."i<)fi 457 ',) 1 42 29 2S 1 408 3;V» 40 3 03 144 128 47 16 r.i 40 fiO 43 8 158 1,-13 1 2 23 01 64 1G4 150 4 146 142 4 224 211 53 S5 17 3 8 24 19 17 18 10 3 S 8 a 14 22 22 4 100 99 13 202 187 9 15 104 87 2;t 11 66 59 18 Spring Whint— Numl*r of lot" reimrtcd F:inniiiK-iiiill only . •To lie clcintd lieforn sowing 7 6 2 3 8 I 3 4 3 29 28 1 84 75 ..... .... GO 6S 6 '"2 48 47 No elf ,inin(f . . Fall Whfit- Nmnbt r of low reported Kanniin^niiU only NocK'aiiing Xuinlxr f lots rt'iiortcd . . ( 9 3 < R 4 '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 76 25 14 5 1 1 *Tobi'oli'an»"l liefore wiwinK Xocleuiii:K 1 1 ,. . . * Tlie.«f lot=i an. iticltido'! in tlic niijiibfr reiiorted as Ix-inj; cm luied wit'i weresan:pKd 1 1'foro LeinR clfimed. 72001)— 2 J ■^or.iing mill. They 12 WHEAT, OAT8, BAKLtV, I'l.AX A.NU E.N»1I.A0K COllS USED FOE SEED SUMMARY OF IMPURITIES IN THE SAMPLES COLLECTED. Al the aampks wore analysed in tlie Ottawa laboratory and the rcsulta furnish striking evidence of tlie txtt-cnt to whioh wwhIs are introduced tlirough dirty seed. The impurities, apart from inert mutter «ich a^ rhuff, pieces of straw, etc., are divided into three classes: (a) weed seed classed as noxious under the Seed Control Act; (h) wptd seeds other than those included in tlie noxious list; and (c) seeds of other cultivated plants. In the first class are included the seeds of those weeds which are particularly harmful and especially legislated against by the law go\'eming the sale of seed in Canada. Class (b) includes all weed seeds not classed as noxious; most of these are of a lees harmful character although some have become dangerous in certain di8trict«. A noUible example is Russian thistle which is rapidly becoming one of the most widespread anu troublesome wce« ciit* wire uown at the rate of two buahek per acre, whidi would put ever 2.000 noxiiai^ wi'«l .wiN on eat-li square rod. Tlif -iauiple i-iiiiiaii.iii>i tht: lartrt-st lainibfr of we*«i gecds other thu ''-i*-* daated III* iioxicus was sf.un d from ii fanii< r in Moutniagiiy cMUiity, Qut'beo. Ti. trin wa« Jiot pivcii. Thof Lilt* wt-re riportcd an having been cloniiid with a fanning-mill. Tiny iiPiitiiiind iiino specii-s of weed seed*, tho most prwak-ut being spurrey. Tli- noxioii. wit^l t.ti.d> l■oll-'i^t^•d of l.!!t ox-eye dai^y and 4;J Canada thi.stle per pound, making a total of 7,i:;t; w. id m < ds j)or pound. Tliiy were .-eeded at the rate of 2J bu>lieis jx-r acre, whiili would r'Ut about .i.tMX) wtid soids on a square rod. With the a\eriij:e weed ixid iciitent and rate of seedint? shown in the preuedinn table«. weed Kvds woiM bo phif. d (,n the land m'*-*]!-*! to oats at the average rate of about 44 noxious and !;;."• ither =^'^1- per ser i)er pound in all samples .... Canada. P.E.I. 174 43 2.539 fi3 06 14 9,9G8 446 13 3 6491 25 24 SMi 7 i 7 28 8,768 111 7 28 21S N.a. 12 11 9-2 6. i 3 25 208 17 1 8 517 N.B. 2 lOU 1 50 80 40 1 50 212 Que. Ont 66 17 SO MC 90 8 14 6,440 610 1 3 1,261 64 64 159 11 23 27 1,300 36 1 1 34 Man. 60 8 1:4 854 71 8 13 9.968 661 424 Saak. 104 25 24 1,234 1 1 1 7,989 824 I 1 44 Alia. 59 32 M 2,539 24 60 « 2,752 278 1 u 398 B.C. I 17 176 43 9,632 2,241 7.30 It will be noted that the average number of noxious weed seeds in the barley was considerubly lower than in the oats though the number of other weed seeds was nearly twice as hifih. The sample containing the largest number of noxious weed seeds was from near Edmonton, Alta. With the exwptioii of IC wild oats, the 2,539 noxious weed seeds were all ball niustiird. This sample also contained 2,283 other weed seeds fior pound, making a t(ptal of 4,.S22. At the rate at which the barley was seeded, about 3,000 noxious wee 14 WHEAT, 0AT8, BAni.KY, FLAX ASD KNSll.ACE COnX Vmt FOB BEID ■l-MMABY or IMPURITItS Hf BPKIXO WHEAT. IiDiiuritini. Cuiiad*. I'.Kl. riou Nnmbor of Mm|>1vi t ttttui , Noiiout yrtid tttdi— IjtrRMt number prr {ound in Miy Hkiniiln Avi'ragn niinibvi' |«r pound in ftll umplfs Othtr vttd tttdt— _ , , f NuniUr... S*™!''"'"* ip-rcent... IjtrgHit nunilwr per luunil in: »ny Haniplf ■ ■ • 17,41.'' Av«"»(t« number per pound of all Mini|>le« &•«/« nfnthircuUii'ittd pltnlt o 1 / _« f iiuniber . . . "••"I'l"'"* tiHTcent... Average number iwr pound of all aamplua 11,fi2Si i 343 131 24 160 N.S. 34 1 71 43 10 43 1,103 143 IS 54 3» 18 11 71 19 4 3 11 1,617 380 1 168 N.B. S 60 163 86 3 83 17,41.'. 8,317 1 17 1,147 (^. 61 8 13 OdL Man. 33 100 I Il,&j8 391 6 .1,080 007 i 1 IJ 380 3 14 I 300 "I 32 33 967 78 5 6 3,818 1,364 288 3»N Hadu Alto. 303 108 "I ii! ft; 66 M) 7« t!80 38 il' ac. 8 48 105 33 1 43 0,00.11 l,:i70 11,686 i !10 1,K27 4C, 40^ 3I!I 23 33' 1 14 32 2,7.13 Noxious wpcd seeds were more prevalent in the i^priiig wheat sample^ than in either oats or barley. The saiiiplo containing 11,528 noxious wcixls per pound was taken from a fanner in one of the southern bordor counties of Qut-bec. It represented hoino-grown seed that was being sown without cloaninK. WiJi the e\ -option of a few seeds of wild oats and purple cockle, the noxious .>*f.>ds were all wild mustard. This socd was sown at the rnt« of two bushels per acre, which would put noxious weed* .n the land at the rate of about 8,000 per square rod. The Siimple containing 17,41."> weed seeds per pound other than those dn-ed n« noxious was taken in New Brunswick and was n'prcscntcd as home-grown sc-.l that was being sown without cleaning. This seed also contained 153 noxious weed seeds per pound. It was sown at the rate of a bushel and a half per acre, which would put jAout 0,800 weed seeds of all kinds on each «iuare rod. Witii the average weed seed content and rate of seeding shown above, weed seeds would be phircd on the land sown to spring wheat at the average rate of 50 nf.xious and 220 other sorts per square rod. SI MMARV OV IMPLHITIKS IN FALL WHEAT. Inipuri ties- Number of sinniilfs t.'-ited Koxioui mrd fcali'— S»™i''«'f"'<'ilVrcent I,.irj{P8t numlnr j>er |)ound in any Mani|ilp Avurnge number per (Kiund of all ».iTii|ilf»i Other tmtl ucd»- , , ( Xumtier hamplesfreejp,.^,.,,^^ Larg.st number )>er i^Hind in iiny saiiiiile Avcr.igp num'^er (mt pound of idl samples Sff'h of other cMltirotni planta — Sample*, free I i,^^^.„j Average number i>er pound in all «amiile« Ontario. 2-) IS I7C. 17 18 I>KTAil.!( OW IMl-t'lUTiKH I.N HAMrLK.** CClI.I.KCr^O 15 The number of weed m-odt in the Fall wheat tamplea wm much tmaller thuii in the other vraint. The averuKo number of noxiuua weed «eedii per pound wii« ubuut uiu'- ninth of the number in Spring wheat, while the number of othor wosd need* wn* only nbout one-twentieth as high. Fall w'leat samptes wore collictcd oniy in Ontario and mostly form the cnster part of the proyince. RIMMARY or IMPUKITIi:!i IS ri.*X. Impiiritu Number of nunpU's tented JfoTtoui mtd $nd$— «-p'~'-{?^[::::::::::::.::::: Largeat niiiiiber per iwund in kny iiHm|)le. AvernKP number per puund of kit nui|ilFs Other leced unit— s-'-'-f-IKs;":::::;:::::::::. Ijarxpfct number |ier pound in uiy uiiiple. Average number per |Kiund of all sample* Bttdt ofotkcr nUtimled plantt- Lanrtat number par pound in any iiample. Average number per pound of all MUiplea ToUL 17 13 15,434 663 S 13,0B4 4,087 88 35 3,134 3U Maa. 1 3 6,334 860 3 4 13,7M 10,068 18 2B 2,960 353 Saak. 18 14 1^434 706 f S 18,984 1,161 30 33 8,184 339 Alta. 8 60 83 10 8 60 6M 311 4 67 400 76 The noxious wood seeds in the sample contuiniiif; 15,424 i)er pound were made up as follows: Wild mustard 11.936, false flax 1,792, wild oatd 1,2S0, huroV-cnr mnstnni 288, and stickscod 128. It also contained 11,016 other weed seeds per pound, mostly lamb's quarters. This sample was taken in central Saskatchewan and represented .seed that had been in the stack over winter and threshed the following May. It waa sown at the rate of one-half bushel per acre, which would put approximately 2,700 noxious and 2,000 other weed seeds on each square rod. The sample containing the largest numbor of weed seeds other than those classed as noxious contained none of the noxious species. The most prevalent weed seeds were black bindwi>ed and lamb's quarters. This flax was to be pnt through the fanning-mill once more before being seeded. \\ ith the averaee weed seed content and rate of seeding above shown, weed seeds would be placed on the land sown to flax at the average rate of about 13© noxious and 840 other sorts per square rod. As previously str.ted, some of the lots were to be passed through a fanning mill after the samples were taken; but making liberal allow- nnco for the improvement which might be made in this way, the facta furnish sufficient explanation of the weed infection which so often appears on new land after being seeded ■nith flax. DETAILS OF IMPURITIES IN SAIUPT.ES COLLECTED. Details of the imiuirities as they occured in the »aiiipli.s uulloctod mid analysed are presented in the following tables:— u WHEAT, OATH, MAHLEY, FI.AX AM» |:.\hU.AU|: CUIJ.N IBED fOR HEKD I .a n o -I II It i| n OS (£ % S'. a a u b 6a ij •i u s= i i • i- ; is i ixi i i Cfll: ftve i i :•• W * «••-:: .■.:»;«•:-: :~ : : "SS*" i : i" H i < CS : M ■ » : * i • i i ii a : ; HA : : t : ' X% W *" : •••;:;•• M 1 S i !: !S : : :* i Of tr.$$ flnS : •1 •r. WRg- : SJR2* 8 : a il •< •ftMXVif) • l=* itJ5;"2 : R 4 Si ss%g t«. « rt « 'J — — — ri I . SifJft :•« :*•" : • • pi* : i 1 CJi:! = I«X »>»l 8513 ♦ < 3 ?.'-S S2 •or » .n * — nrt »i — .•! — rt — > SSS? :-S" ; n ' ^ OS F.liiSV: i8feS!r«R= :Ste :*5 : t:SSgt3SSS 1 ^ : : Srte5 i ; s i5 ;i«89-»e New Bruno wick. 0! < ** : . * i i ; i ;fi ; i ' '^ i H i a '■ : I ', ;::;.•*:; I j p. :«« : : : : 1 ^i Sj ^.P.Ti. «N — » « : i**i? : i 3 : 5SS|S :•" ; a * V, < 8 S— 1> X •• ?■ « TT 1 ?.5:2«U2'----» — - gu^zKISi? s "c t 1 c 1 •c 1 £ i 1 I 1 ! *( ! J 1] It 2S 1 D n '3 5 * 5- lit : > 1' n ; 1 ■ 1 - 1 !■■] K ; -1 i '_ i J) " :•: llilll: ^ • "* ^ *- s '^ S^ •; PKTAII.o OK IMI'IIMIIKH l.V .^ A \l I'll." t iil.I.t i I hU i: f I ssg > : i" :S :tlS 'K R" sga^a ;; : :S? g2|?"-SS«"' I ^ n ti ^ Ti « M « 6*Srii5.5??fi e>->n««e»i-ri — ormm>^ t£ ?l 3) £S n • £1 •-. ^ ^ *o ^ . ^^ yip-^ S"ii3 J?' "- ■-••-tiw n ?i — x TC I-"- '" ** ^ ** *' -''^ *■ O c- * at t-*x 't ir; i;: <" »" «?■ f ^p*. ^: :* M ^» rj ?i ?j ?i ri f 1 w?i ?i C)Ci« c^ ?» ?» •- — If m r.ii 3 S c: it c 11 ^=1 00 kx c as >: tx ? Pr^ ic t u 1^^ =i ?-ss ■ s i 1 = ^ = 11=11 ^Un. _I ~ ■' •- if S* 4 >> Z w ±" .=*«= -^ ^ L- i -5 = = _•!! .4 > .: = .i t t^— a-=x ?5^='j:>i~- i— = = C i £ : =i t4! «•*: S o i -i 18 WIIKAT, OAT«, BARLKT, FI.AX AM» CXSll.AuK COKS tTIXD FO* IKKD I A ? i' V it if! a H fe if a . >« — « ft - a 11 <- 3 : B If ltS{4: 'SMI r" ■s i i* :*• *l ■> I.H :!;;.::•• -jyi— •«•«■•-•» '.m : [^ 'm i «4 iR : 1 : i i i !* £!• jMsa ^t*-* is : i ; ••" : <4 • p« ;;;;::- gua ■■"'•r.'^ ntlMM ;M I j [ j«« • J] ai ;•• : : :M8 3|8 :J-|>i :I3S :-»» : : ;a : .4 :"" : : :"* 283 l*"^* .iftMM jMM : 1 JM I j m M";;; 5S!! :2 saa -;-!•;::-; : -j- ^ .;:-::; sv* ;• •««•« _t- d <• j iiliii- Sai^san=!jSS§S *r i" i <4 M ■ 0SiU*'8**2''"* •ifiri JM j ■0 4 i :*=' S i M ig JiSSSSViSx^ 'XSg ::;::: :•—;::•> |a?'SSS'»22 :•»'• : :.= :.' :- i 11 ei - :- i- •;;;:;; sa :a sa : ig < :;:;;!: •'*' ;•* ^p4 • »i •:!:•;; --■-- 1 s : ;■- :g 8 S?,= m5S'-?S2 »i« !" i" :•• J;;||j'^i;W»i'*»»>M"<»« '■ '• ■ •» -^ 1 3 — - 4 — f r • ; : i i ; ; *«35i fi»SJ«^ _L- ;;;;;; : ; : : ; : StiS"' 2 — '» " » 4 6 ei ■^S •--.•=«»'- J u| g||r,2il;^5rii_-^3.j::-ij-.r25 o -i i-Ilf ?? 3 f i :■; '_- -J * '' "^ *' " *'" t.": iS o ^* *!5 i c B .1 E E 1 1 1 f' j : •^1, : nnh:| Ml: mm m '■ u. ■ u* It] X 3 S 1 s ■ ■ ; . ; I . ! J : is : : : : if i 1 1 R'S 9. a2"-» l>KT.\M.» or IMPl'MiriM l.\ H.\MI'I.('« I ol l.tCTKD »il ■■■ M If osga-" •I f» «•«! 3 US"»-»- »8'« ii»— 8a«»«g''ajs« s :• :a S 51:22 »i»irtn»iti "» R «•* n*-"' u s ■ B B b m t o jj js .,«, .,.-«., '•«5 3 ^ S"3 WS 'a* W- aw — Is ««< g|-u« •«•• • J! ^ ■ ;I1 ;^ ■m<^ 'ft . ■ 'r: M'S-'i"' : • • » ■ u ■ «> <«• SS = = ?;^ :S : ;i5 t«F-to*^ r^ ' PM ■ ..- ?» X ;■« .5 2 5 i3 ii JJ 3 " * '" '- ;? it i^ «3 «^ -n : ■_ 2 hlli I - = ri 2U WHEAT, OATS, BAUI.KV, FI.AX ANU t.NrSll.Ai.K fUK.N VSED FOB SEED c_ 1— ' - c u: C " se 4" = c ec y >. = is V. = f u X If . &. i- i 5' : >» c^ Ji CI ?i - .^ ?■! -^ X C^ -- ft M ;'.< s r. c c il B : :g : : ■■s It iii-i » •? i: •i 5>= , •2 6 • > s c c g |1 5 S'j -^■ix.?--^ _ mt ll DKTA1L8 OF IMl-URlTIEa IX BAMi'LKS COi.l.hXiLD 21 • : : : : : ::■;:::.-': ^n '■•£ i :§ : i i r M ; • :^ ■ ^^ ■ ft ■ '. ' \» '. : fS^- :J. :*S .:::;. : : *S -S ■ S ^2 : n '^ '■ t-T -^ . -'^ ,« : ec ff) — « ci '■ ■r' : -. ■r. • — T ?i -*• » ^ . ; — — " ' • . : ' nio-s'-zTf : — c) rt ^ ,< : ;::::;: \ ':::::■ 1 : i*-* :§:::: : ; '^^ *' ;—:;:; §^M; :::.::•::: f-4 . . . ij i 2 s; * '^ '"-'•"•'"''-"' -' t* • : ; "r : : ; c : : : : :t : : >> •r «--i i f: » SS!*!f5 ^ S28S''-S = = S'-«*S'' ?: s«^xecx-t"^ — ?!.- — -^ S SSSSSSSS^S"""-*'* !:| 5- •S i< n m I. «lOrt-.» e» • • — ~ s 00 CCi-t («j5« 9. ec ^ '« C4 9»SSS SSSi^SS ^^fflM»-i 5* l"io« So ^•^©«a i2 i -1 <= ^ "a 55| i iSc |-S T^ .._ J I c-2=Si5s g = = > ii :-£ =-^ v:^.i3&^7 "'Si^2£ 3 3 — K-i— ^j:w.,oy.';fc — r-O — c — Z '-^ '^ ^ X ^ — ^ ^ifX 55 ^ 5 22 WHKAT^ OATS, BAnLEV, FLAX AND ENSILAGE CORN USED FOB SEED «3 a .8 e Q ■s •c S. E i i 2 53 ^11 2 i'i » o S e. s C 5:5 5 o S ¥ |i i 9- s u ■5 c 2 B O c ?■< = 09 c e5 • as i e a. I It i at 5 I Sa pj ^ 03 k 30 r' a a -A 1^ •i**"^ n t^ »«"»-f « I.': as «r r: X ' so M • K »< -« ti « -^ 'to ■ x^» K 7. n • o X lO o ▼ n • »i f N WiftjjaiaMtv.eotcX'^iaeo Sf;'';-S£S''S' wrjb-iHiox-rM-^'*^^^ :53 :'■=§ ■» PQ : :g 10 >»•«» tinr^v-r CO ^•-^ w*^ '«S :-S :£.T5 3J 2 2: ^ S jl^ 2^ 2i *'** * ^* ^ **''**"* ~ '"'"*•*"*'*'*" ^ '^ ^ ^* ^- ^- ^vfjiW^^ DETAILS OF IMruniTIES IX SAMPLKS COLLECTED 23 ai jgg] 2 ;S .:::::::::;:•:; iJTi e??''' <-iiai-ffl,H :« ' SS -f-fisA^S ■ : : . -- J aa . iH ^ ^ ^ M S?g?i4tjr;|2'-S*2{:*2«-^ :--:5::::::¥>.::;2::':: sS^-i-|£^>i&-id|?.i|«S,c.sf 's-ls <5 "g : p J! ■ - ?• Mi 24 WHEAT, OATS, BAKI.EY, FLAi AND KNSILAOK COK.N USED FOB SEED I i u X hi u o 1 X S c » w c i'i ** ♦» I? if 8.E >• S 11 '5 5 ** — • SO II Si It IC«KMmm ? I •s « •c 5 a •c i. E S'-Sas* «» 5 « ; ac (C ts C9 ic »s tgeaiAeojQ e g I ■s t I aDt-*e)ci*-ip-»^^eQ II xac^-cSi. I 2 !— - 5 •<: « « m « « fi '•"^■■--r^ c c I i? :^t5 a ■< s a A. IS li B t» 11 1? c'S X B .5 8 §1 B S ■ if ■fc-o ll S >• 5S, ^S 5.5 iJ Eg s 5 J J i li S "•-sa :S= ««<-!« ^W ■•^nr-ili-i a^ c3 cd 1 gtiS^l^nS: n « rs n M M ei M ei I: I' 3$ 0j i ■5 § !£ N !i ^ 5^ '^ t- 8 gi?;;g5££ < 5 S2i53- r * s si- ll I S-3 26 WHSAT, OAT«, UAlil.l V, 1 LAJt ASU Ji.NBlI.AOi; COUX t»ED VOB axxD GERMIVATIOX OF'oATS, n.vnT.EY. WHEAT AND FLAX. Oormiiuitioii teste of tlie s.miplw collet-ted in.lioate that on the wl.ole the vitulitr of the SC0.1 was fairly po.mI altlwiiKh o ronsi.lorahlp proportion of the lots must have Kivcn (iisappomtiiiK ntiini. flirnn^rh foiluro to pr.j.liu-e a full stand The vitality of so. <1 i- lial,!.- to be inipairod hy a variety „f causes. Among the uio,t In-for.- riiK-nin^, iii.inaturity. weathering, hcatiiig. improper curing, mould aiul nmst. Tla- g.rinirialii.g striiigth of grain is oft.Mi greatly lowered by the presence of Muall. innnatur,. ..r -lirunkcn kenu-k which prodii.-e weak plants or "une at all if conditions are unfavourable. Such kernels are e-si>eci«llv prevalent in onts. All gram intended for sotnl should be thoroughly cleaned and graded to retain only the strong plump kcriiels. As shown by the tai)l.' U'low. the average gcrrniiiation of the oats was 87 per cent, which IS lower than with an,v of the other grain-. Apart from tlie presence of weak kernels tliroi.gh lack ..( proiwr cleaning, the mo.t common cause of low vitalitv in oats IS frost. A very h^rbt fr.„t when oats are in the milk ..tage is sufficient to riiin them for seed. A\ hen they arc more matured the injury is not so great, but in anv case its e.xtent IS difficult to dete.t. Oats quite normal in aptHuirance and weight mav be so badly .lamage.1 by frost tlu.t tl.t,.d l.cf..re harvesting. Injury to vitality from other causes is usually more noticeable. The standard i)ereeiitago germination for good see !tH p.T ,-ei,t with 70 i>er <-ent as the lowest. The vitality ,.f flaxmay be in.paire.l by sever,, weathering or frost, but usualiv hea.thv looknu.. seed will .row rca.hly. The average germination of the samplers coll. etc. wa- M. per cent w,tt, h>s- tl,.„ 1 .w^r .-ent below two-thirds of the standard for gn.(l veed. In tlie f.,lbnu,^ table i- ,.re-ented a summary of the genuinalbm te-ts on the oats, barley. whc:,t and flax, .bowing the average and lowest ,K^rcent.ag.> germination of seed from e.eh provm.e .hM the number „f ,.„„aes germiiuif i.u. frou. <)n per cent to IW per .cut. from ..-. per cent to s'J i,er cent, from 6:^ per .vut to 74 per cent, and below Oo per eoiit. WtK MiMMiHIl ■'» E.VHILAOE COnX CERMIXATION or OATS, BARLST, WHIAT AXD FLAX. 2T -N'liMilHr (if «,iiii|>I>-« tf>att>(t. Number germiimtincr : From aoto 1(10°' y mm 7!t to tm%... Frv.ni m t to89% ' From (la to 74 '/,. UeIoH(W% ''.'.'.'.'.' Average ^l germination! '. . . .' Lowe.st % germination Xiuiiber uf sampkii tested. . Number germinating : From no to 100% From 75 to 89 % From G:! to 74 % Below (13 % . .' V. .'. .' ' AvfTiige % germination! ! ! ! ' ! liOttost % germination "T' ;Canada. 978 637 303 64 76 87 2 408 296 72 31 20 91 606 443 46 13 6 96 42 P. EI. 51 49 1 96 78 S6 19 6 »4 79 34 SO 4 36 76 N.8. 144 83 'M) ' 11 ! 11 , 80 I 11 87 IC 4 8 88 60 12 10 I 1 93 65 18 I* 4 93 1 76 I X.B. 6 1 1 89 66 1 1 87 83 6 onj 9;) Qu*. l.'iS 3« 17 23 82 2 66 34 16 3 4 88 34 I 61 43 10 6 3 90 42 Ont Man. Sask. 164 136 22 6 3 94 69 84 71 10 1 2 94 23 83 97 91 89 28 1 !I8 79 146 114 19 2 11 90 18 GO 11 7 6 86 S3 100 96 3 8 97 74 224 48 104 90 27 202 176 30 4 3 96 43 Altik 131 140 49 .^4 48 11 80 19 16 88 74 l.-.. 37 90 18 G2 20 17 i> 5 5 (i 82 «.^ "l Hi St 40 16 I 1 I 93 j 60 I 66 60 6 96 .. (. 3 2 1 " 1 ,S8 G9 ! B.O. 31 14 5 S I 88 3 1 8 85 f.fJ 6 1 97 65 ENSILAGE CORN. According to the Census returns, 243,491 acres were n]..„t.J * m the province of Ontario in the spring of ^911 Abo-^t 40of)0 '"'" ^'"" """■'"" devoted to the crop in Quebec, tnostly in fhe Eastern ^oZ^'j^^-^r. """"^'"-^ to a limited extent in some of U,e other provinces Tl,« „ '". \ '"^ *''''^'""' ej.ih^ pr^Uiced i. Lai^el, dependent on T^S, ol'Sr;- IT ^ pClira:^ T vitality .f tue «c«l. In most districts early niaturi,,^ varieties .,nd .trn i >n order that the coru .a. mature sufficiently to ni;,.e .Z ::'C7Z:Zli:^ 28 WHBAT, OATS, BABLKV, IfJ^ AAi. ^SHILAUK tO«.> USKO FOB MIO Jllnai T. '~"'' •"'*?"• ""•*»•• " ^ "<•* '"«»"«»» ""~ »' wur. poor Quality «^ „T".- """''' r"*' ***""«•* the u«, of .«d weak in vitality. dJ.M>poinu4 j'e ?. «r« obtamcd, or repl^min^, rcul.inr in . late and uneven cr^ i. n«e...,?^ R i. •amJ£i'o?i!lriTi7 'l"* rrl '"*»*^/"''' ^"^ instructed to ^..cure from fam.or. variety, vfhere the «eed was procured, whether frr.m dealers, <»irect fr..ni the irrower or L hXTdri irth'fitr.'r "" ^ '^r *" '•'«"«''= ^»"' -'- .'lanteJ -jx i: eol eetcd. The report, cover about 11.000 acre* planted in the .pr^ ,4 In many case, reporu were not accompanied by sample, or were not n.. .„ all th.. Kunifi^^T" "/"' '*•? ""•"^*: "^ '"'" "•"'''♦'"J ""''^•'- '''ff"-^ "-"JinK. net F„, h„T f """"''?'' '*''"' '"*' •*"""«»' *»'« *>"«» »>«'"« •>'"''«•» i" th. '.nail, .imiia! • ^ "^ comparing condition* in different loc.ilities with iipproximatdy •imilar climate*, Ontario ha, been divided into four district, a, foUow,!- District No. l.-Countie, south of Huron. Perth, Waterloo. Wellington and Halton north !.n7»«!J°; ^ -?'?""/•« «f H"'on, Perth, Waterloo. Wellington and Halton. and J^i?nd"ld"pr;:c:\w5''"' '•"' """'^^ "' '"'"^'"^' ^"^"''- ^"''""»' ^"'^''-"■ «m J^j'^'i''* ^% 3.-Countri.* north and east of Simcw, Ontario, Durham. North- nmberland and Prince Edward, except New Ontario. «"". i>trtn District No. 4.-Rainy River District in New Ontario. SOURCES OF SUPPLY. Air. V'f "^T" *"*'''"*^ \''**^*' ^^^ ^^ ^" "^•"'•^ ^'om local or wholesale dealen, fn D striS To/Tl' " '^'""^r"-. ^^ "^^ ^ ""'«* ^'°- tJ- table bXw.extpt years the pra<-tice of purchasing seed com of known vnriptiVa a;,^ ♦ f '"^ recent I Number lots rri«>iled. Dealer. {'^'"^\ ( per cent , . 1.900 L.Ma 81 2«5 15 72 4 Ontario. District 1 . Diiitrict 2 HK> 97 51 35 18 58 31 675 673 85 92 U 10 1 District 3, District 4 | Quebec. 8.'^ 708 MJ 127 3 h 10 6 tiO 3 30 1 10 187 159 86 88 15 OKKXirXATlOX to RKFD 0.\ Tin- i: AR AND SflKfTED. ^.m.pl... Wh..n corn of jl r omlifv ! 1 1 ) "'I • """'" ""'^""" ""«J ">"«»• ''^"er "^ «HI U8 the off-fv,K> oar" . fd ...» . ' ^'" "?*'.'*""' '""y ""-IkJ^ tho butts and tipd beforo shelling «..ld shelled i, n„t of pi,, r r.r S ,n n « f "',' ''''""" ?' """ '■'"•• ""' "" ""^ "'T" be,.n thoroughly . ur.-d a d thrbmt nl H^^^ var.et.ej. and well s,.le,.ted ears that have It will be s..,.n frornVhe taU ? ' ^ ''""'"•"^ *"''"'^' "''«"'"«• tl.0 ear Kern.inat..d ZZ v rlt .Sv^^'i'Tr'T''''"*'"',' '''"f ^^^ ^•"- "''''"-•1 <"> Theprop.,r,io«^.ern»natinKO?C U ;;,d7r r.'^^^ shelled oorn ««. „„ito d.ad i nu n 1 f ".I ""' f '"' """* ^"■•^•"''- «'""« «f »>'« ♦Termination but in n,H.r v a 1 ,:. J "^ """ '""'"'''" "" '»'« «''" *ore also low in .n.p..rent from th.^a ,t. ran I "fl^e '";r" T"* "?' P'""'^>'1- Tho poor quality wa this corn .been .heluA' the " . r 1,1 TwonTi ^f'^^'^'^J^P'--^^^ other seed. Had -. the ear costs ,nor. on .ZuutoUhc extri w.l t '^r "" ""'"^ •^'*^- ^""» charges, but «. a rule the inc^a^d cost ,.7.1 J" ''""''^"^ «"J '»'« transportation and superior quality of er.,p. ^ "^' "^"''^ ^'^'' '*'« '"'««»■ ^i-^'d Pun.il^^d'rnZ'L;'^ ST ''' '"''^'^'■•^"^ ^^ ^'''' ^"^ -P"'»-l that wer. Total 1 Ontario. — "== Dintrict 1. District 2. Diatrict 3. i District 4. Quebec Number lotK r«|>orte(] On Ear ' ">""•*•■ 1,736 1 441 25 1,29.5 75 114 ao 174 94 824 827 175 28 452 72 803 214 27 689 73 10 6 60 4 40 182 1 iwr Ofnt " ■ Shelled I """'•*' 30 14 IM 80 |*r cent GERMIXATION. very!t:;:i;;^.f^r Su;:''br^.::;s^ ^^^-use. it i, and stored with good venHlation Soi et"mi it irr"'^'" '"' \^'"''^^^^y earanee but uTudI tL , ^ J 1 ?bt T, ""''^V^^^^ to corn should be determined by a garn,ination testt-fore llij' f ' '" "'"'"^ °^ ^'^ presen;:Sn;S;;SiTntj1;^£^ ''^ -^ple. counted. In the summary It will be noted tha't the total rt 1'*^:^^" u'SV" ''''T T^' '''"' ^^'^"^^ the total of the lot« shelled and on the ear. J^Vlft^.^^T^jt^il^^t'^'^ 30 wn.AT, OAT.. ,,n,.r.x, k, .« Axn kn«„ aok cok, r«n ,ok .«d wl,...l"r7l'.r-t"wi; ' ,S "lot',.*"?!"' 7 I"'"™"'*"' "" «iveu iu nwurj ... NiHiil»r nt min|iln U'ktnl Avtng, ivr cMi» girininaf i,.n "'""■' l»T cnt (;iTiiiinati..ii '. . fUmiitni (friuiimtinir from tM»^ ui 100';; ' "'""'"r From W:i to (WK-i / ""«"»>.r " V.'^'' '*"' I |*r wnt Fn>m 80';;, Id 7(K^, / niimUT ', . 'I luT wnt B«.low (K»f ; ' niimlur I percent Ml H 'I I WI3 I M7 ^ « 251 I Hi, m 3 9 I MO " 1 MO 1 M S .•170 : .12(1 9rt)'(l Drilli (•"""W I nt-r wilt . . . . Hill, I li'imbHr. . . . ToUl. Ontaria iJiHtrict 1. rn.tiict 2. District 3. I>i,tti< t QiielKO. VAKFKTIKS. lin.itrd to fouror five I)..ntVl. t 1 ",<^ """,''.'' "'" var.etii- rmmnnend-.l are d^K>idedly inferior. The ie^t '^f/nrrd vWtil ^ > '"' vanetu-s n.any of them pron,i.i„p Dent.whieh have Ik ^^0! Iv Tn f^ 'J'."''"''' ^""''''- '"'•'"•""« ♦»'" '""^t to be quite popular wc-uld in ter he ^ j ^it^^^^^ "' "'"^'^ "'''"'' '"^^'- varieties un.uited to their conditio, i hut a ..r.^ 1 7 "'""^^"•''"'•■•' "^"'ff nnn,ed of whieh i, not known. S<,mo old narv fee^ '"","'■" ''^""^'"' ''"^ '''^''^-^y central state, i, „.ed for seed T 1?^. , '„":;"!;':,T' '?""'/'"' 7"'»-" ""'l en.^un.u.tah,e to Canadian conditions, and'^l^rth^-^,;;^ ^J^^^:^ -;:2;; Th« follow,-,,,, ,^1,, eonuint a li«t of Um vtriatiM -KiM «vc hmr.. I, «.ill i,e „,„,.d ,h,t „,. ouilTl'r'f;** J','»°*l *"" ^P^tfld mora than n...r.. varicic. were bei..^ u.odT onn f!.„„o;;'''"** "* ""'"^ ""•*• "»" "^ «.m*tim« Varit^tii^. Niiiiilj(r vnriptini ri.|..rtf,|. Wbi. »'„,,V..IIf,w|>,.nt... s^-n',niuu I<U' Oonipton", |i;„|^ ■■ •••■ » iwiiniii Xo. 7 MH.mii.ifl, .-i.,iul,Hm' Hwwt »;.l/irH Xorlh l>iik,,t„ K«| Col, K'"K riiiliii, , H»ilfV Wliite.S.»nf.it(f .'". Kigl.t r.,w,.,| Vill.Mv .■.■■;■■■■ ntoWfll'M KnT,frwn n>>iiil'n Rirlv Vfll.iw Mwifl KMi.ilu,(i. " (Jnlill'll tilow Himui iN-nt, . . Winut Niw , . li>wn(iol,| Mine , '. rridfiif North AiiKilof Midniirdt. Maiiiiiiotli Ciilian .Miiic(lliui,„i,a and ii,ivtt U„ jv,.r-. '.'".iPrs. tl.oro ,., Pvi.Imfo of iinprovcnnnt in the i'lcl.l (loll <'onip,.fitioM«, «Of(l f.lir* oo,l r,,. , ■ I n.H...ntiai i„ iinpro;;,., Hu- u^ it if ^.^t.^;' ;';:;"' -',' , v ^ ■"^-. dealers. Tl,.. seod „, p„n.i,..e.l r J.- " , , " " Tr"'' '•:"".""- "-^1 >- "r fro^ (■xiiil.itioiis l„ive bwn tlic proviii..(.-. Tvvrnt.v- m in fn o iiiid > n a fit'ld crop <-..inp,.titioM, tlie .^eed train fn.n Vi • 7 T " •"•'^-■"'"ning field nir. ron.,K.titor. in M,o..> field ,Vc Ue UoT^ 1. :• ''^■"' ^"''V''. ''^ '"•"' -^ fro«,-tc.r..d ..rod whoM- foundation stock a. a S """I' """' ''"'" •''^°*''" nd >ei,vtion at an ♦.xpcriin.nt station Ti.riU , ''^'"'^ "* '■"•'■^"1 l'i-ee(iin« ..c „,„„.,,.. ;„„.,.„.!,. „, i»;r7v. j;;:.^r:'M;:,';7r:;;'li',;;,,t,' '■ '■•■ " "'"-' '^A.ki'ss 3S WMBA-', OATM, BARLKT, fLAM. AMD ^ULAOt CO>X W» fOS IU» ^mbti. of »e«d H^. whi..h ut mumtd to tU had m okmI ua/ortun.(. wdrauil fori3dr.h^T;H J:I f*nm....inill. u. pro|»rl, «,ttipp«l with riddk. and ^-rtr.- SZi ofr^ilT, i^»\ . •'•"" "J* ''*^ iui|««.t i. farm*.' b»n. an Udl, Cfop failure diM> . unwitting uaa of iMd of low riUlity U comparatiTely nt\ frJ t .L^r'?*' '^" u*"" *" •*'*'■'' ^ ^'-''^y -"-y »'-^« »«-" injured thn.uKh w- vJ'r.cSJ 1'^ Sri"^"-' '^^'"P*',P-«?''"'«''ly i" *he«t. i. well undertood «„d w Ply practised in Prairie Provincw. ».. tiio eastern provinces very little Med ffrain .. treated and -nut cau«. «.,iou. preventable lo... ei>ei.lly i„ thVoat cl^ ' " The Seed Control Act ba. prevmrted miweprtwutation in the »alo of «od grain. Jt hai not created and can not create a reasonably clean .apply ..uUblo for *evd Kume 4rood .eed .. tnade «;.il*l. hjr ..ed«neo. but the irriat I ,1k of the K^ain SL^t.^.t'"/"KT''* ■"•'."•^ '" "^ '• *>' **"• •*•"«!•"» commercial J,S^ and handlinc W«rteni gram no provi.ion i. made for keeping that which i» .lean •eparate from that which i. b«|ly contaminated with weed 8et,d. with the result that pra.ticallj- none of the rrain which pa..e. through the terminal elevator, i. fit for m^I. I.V .2J!„'r.-r'*« t?'**'*^';^- t»/«n«ly by legi.lation the condition, .hown to exi^t / ^ ^^" ^f**"*" '"•' ''"^''«'"'« '•"• respecting the .ale of seed and control of weeds may c<.ntr>l.„te materially toward the de-ired end. but miccess by these affen- eie# will be only ,.artinl aiul aU v. de,..n,lent upon clucntional work and the extent to which the n,. .„- tor *.urim: an.l preparing good soikI are avnilHbIc to and made UM of b} farinerb. " ""* n*-- f J I 'fiiaiiaijjei