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2
3
1 2 3
4 5 6
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THE JlANDPXTBCHJtSKJLO^ 1875, 1
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8i iMJKMi: CorirroF Canada
/// llii' inattir of' f/ir (f/i^i/ifii/in/t of' Fni/ic/s /\i//i/. ( 'mnni/ssni/rf of
I'lilillf L<ni(l.-<. for f/ir joirc/idsc of' //w /■Jsfo/c nf' (Jnirlnff,' A iifoo/'i
Siillnni mtd llic I'rlncr hlihi-ord Js/d/id Lnhd Piuv/iusr Act l!S7()
Appeal by the Commissioner of Public Lands of Prince Edward Island.
Present: — Tlieii' Lordships ChietMiistice K'ichakds, l!rixiiiF,
•J.. STK()N(i. .1., 'rACIIKliKAl". 'I., iilld FoiKMKl!, J.
CiiiKF .lisTicK IJiciiaimJs : The Appeal is from thi' Supri'iiie
("oiirr ot' Prince Kdward Island, niakinu' al)solnte a rule to ouash
the award made and filed in this matter and all snl)se(pieiit ])ro-
eeedinn's. wliereiii it was ordered that the said award he (plashed
and set aside, and that the said Connnissioners ot" Pnhlic Lands
j)ay the eosts of the application and the rule. AL^ainst this dudu-
ment and order of the Court the Commissioner apjieals. On
the heai'in;j;. the lirst ohjection taken on behalf («f the respondent,
was first discussed, ^■iz : that no appeal lies direct from the
lSu;)ivme Court of Priu-je Edward Island to the Supreme Court
of Canada.
The lattei- |)art of sec. IL of the Supreme Court of Canada
hen an aj)|)eal to tlie Supreme
Act, reads as f
OllOWS
And
w
Court is iiiveu from a judiiinent in an\' i-as(-, it siiall always h
understood to he <iiven from the Court of last resort in the Prc-
N ince where the jud^^inent was i-endered in such ca
se
The respondent in the factum su,i2-<2:ests that the Lieutenant
(io\ti'nor in Council is constituted a Court ot Ki-ror and A]>peal
in Pi'ince Kdward Island. I)y various Royal Instructions, and
refers to tlie instructions to Sir John Colhoi-ne, accomj)anyin!ji;
his couninssion. of L'itli Dec.. IS.'JS. appointinu" him Captain-lien-
eral and ( lOVeruor-in-Chief of the Island.
The instructions which in the ahseiice of tlie Captaiu-(jen-
eral and Co\-ernor-in-Chief were intended for the Lieutenant
(
lONcrnor. oi'
Ofhi
vfv administeriuii'
the C
io\Aa'innent for tin- time
34T^<i
2 JiKhjment of the Siipyeiiw Court of Canada
beiii", sire referred to as beiii;: in the Appendix to the Journals
of the House of Assembly of the Ishuid, A. D. IHol, Ai)pendix
F. The Connnission to Sir John Colborne is also to be found in
the same book.
The twenty-third, and twenty-fourth sections of the instruc-
tions were specially referred to on' the argument. The first part
of the twenty-third section is as follows: '' Our will and pleasure
is that you do in all civil causes, on ai)plication beinjr made to
you for that purpose permit and allow a})peals from any ot the
Co>u-ts of Common Law in Our said Island of Prince Edward ;
and you are for that purpose to issue a Writ in the manner which
has been usually accustomed, returnable before yourself and the
Executive of the said Island of Prince Edward who are to
proceed to hear and determine such appeals." It goes on to pro-
vide that the Judges of the Court whose judgment is appealed
from shall not vote on the apueal, though they may be present
and give the reasons of their judgment. It also directs that the
sum or value appealed from' must exceed £:Mn> sterling, and
security be given, and when the sum exceeds £ oOO sterling and
either party^is not satisfied with the Judgment of the (lovernor
in Council, an api)eal may lie to the (^leen in Council, the saine
to be made within (14) fourteen days and security given; and m
certain cases when the rights of the Crown are involved, he is to
admit an appeal to the Queen in Council, though the value be
less than £500 sterling.
The twenty-fourth paragrai)h directs him to admit appeals
to the Queen in her Privy Council in cases of fines to a certain
amount for misdemeanors.
Clarke's Colonial Law, page HI, was cited, and referring to
the position of the North American Colonies the following language
is used : " From the Common Law Courts an api)eal in the nature
of a Writ of Error lies in the first instance to the Court of Error
in the Colony, and from them to His Majesty in Council. 1 he
Colonial Court of Error is usually composed of the Governor m
Council, who decide by a majority."
In re Cambridge, 3, Moore, P.C.C , p. 17.5, an application
was made for leave to appeal where the amount was under £300,
the Court of Appeal in the Colony only allowing ai)peals when
th<' amount was over. £.300 ; Lord Brougham refers to the exist-
^..s;.(. /^f f!),. Court of A-UPeiil in the Colony.
On the P.E. Itthind Lntul PmrJins,' Act.
3
The Act (; Wv. chaj). 20, sec. o provides thiit juiy iktsoh (lis
satisticd with the decree of the Surropite may appeal " to tlie
(iovernorin Council." Tiider section 51, he was to ^ive a horul
for the payment of such costs as should he awarded by the (lov-
,,nior ill rouucil. (Sec. fyl.) If the decision of the surrogate
should be reversed or altered the (lovernor in Council should
nuike such order touchino the subject of the appeal as to them
shall .seem tit ; and by sec. o3, every li. w<>' to sell real estate
" siiall be made in such f(.rm as the Surro;rate (or in case of tlie
decision of the Surro,<rate being altered, by the Governor in
( .'ouncil) may jirescribe."
The Island Statute 21 Geo. 3rd chap 17, relates to the limita-
tions of actions. Sec. 4 provides that ^- when judgment given for
a plaintiff is reversed on a Writ o( /'Jrror, Arrest of Judgment lU'..
he may commence another action within a year."
The Island Statute o Wm. W. Ch. 10 constitutes the Gov-
ernor in Council a Court for hearing matters of Divorce with full
|)ower, authorit) and jurisdiction. Tlie Court to sit on the
second Monday in May in each year. The Governor may ap-
point the ChiefJustice to preside.
Ill re Moncton, A Barrister, 1 Moore P.C.C. p. 4r>5, the Chief
Justice of the Island had made an order, in a matter wherein the
applicant, a Barrister, was arrested, striking his name off' the
llolls as a Barrister. On appeal to the Privy Council the order
was set aside.
The sections of the Island Statute 80 Vic. chap 22. from \M
to 158 inclusive and section 230 refer to appeals to a Court of
Error or a* peal. Sections 130 to 157 inclusive are the same as
those in the English Connnon Law Procedure Act 15 and 16
Vic. chap 7(). From Sec. 140 to 107 inclusive they slightly
varied to adapt them to the circuuistances of the Island. The
130th section begins : " and with respect to proceedings in Error
be it enacted &c." The 145th section speaks of the setting down
of the case for argument in the Court of Error in the manner
heretofore used, refers to the Roll being sent into the Court of
Error or appeal " and the Court of Error or appeal shall
thereupon, review the proceedings."
The Appellar.ts on the argument contended that as a matter
of tact no such tribunal as a Court of Error and Appeals was
ever established in the Island.
4 .1 iiihjiih III of fin' Siii>r,',,h' Coiirf nf ( ',ii,'iil.i
Thnv is iM, olHcial (lociiiiiciif .ifaiiv kind <li..\\iriM- t|„. ,.^talt-
li^'iiiiii:' of >!ii'li a ( "niirt.
riiciv is !i() ivc.r.l (ifaiiv case ever Iia\iiiL:- Ihm.;, I,f,„|,_rl,f 1,,,.
Wn-r Micliji ('uili't. and tlic ivf.-iviic.. ii, rlic Islainl SfatUfr 21 (ir,,.
.■;. <'liai) 17. iv^pcciiii-- file liii,irari(. II ..factions r,, „ xcai- f,,r l.ri,,,,-^
iM'j an arfioii w lien ca^.s aiv iv\ ci-xmI in i-w^v Ac.cannof In-
(•<.iisi(|..iv(l as cMalili-^liiii-- «'r ivco-ni/in-- rlic .•>tal.li^|iiii..nr of a
(^oiiiT of Ai.j.ral as a < 'ouiT of rlic lasr ivsort \\-nm rli.- Sin.iviiic
Court ill tlic I-iaii(l
Thar the Srariirc C \w. cliaj. l'C, so far a> ir relates to an ap-
P;''"'' f'': I'Ti-ions of rlic Siii-ro-atc Court to rh.. (lovcriior in
Comicil (lo.'s nor form rhcni int.. a ircn.-ral appdlar.' rribniial
l.iir 111 thos.. special eases allows an appeal to tlie (iowrtior iii
CoiukmI and direers rlie Prol.are Coiirr n. caiT\- our rlie decision
ofthar l)ody when the appeal is nnnh- to thein." Tliat rlie rej'cr-
cnee to appeals in the A-T ;i(; \ic. chap 22. arose from hasrv
l(',i2:islanon 111 a.lopriii- rhe -eiieral provisions of the Common l.a\V
J^'ocediire .\cr and if no Coiirr of Appeal aetuallv exisred would
Hot iiecessaril\- esrahlish one.
A coi.v of the instructions to Covernor Patterson was pro-
duced at the argument hut his Commission was not. It was
su-n-esred rhat aj.pli 'arion should he made to tlu' Colonial
(►jHce for copies of rile Commissions jind instnictior'is
of such (ioveriiors as would he likely to throw li,nht on the suh-
ject. and any other documents of a"like miture. and thesu docu-
uieiirs were- to l)c placed hefore this Court. Reference was also
made on the arixuinent to Sruai-t's llistorv of Prince Edward Is-
land printed in iSO:). and to llalihiu-ion's! Xova Scotia, vol. 2 p
;'.;I0. Since the arirument. copiesoftjie (\)mmission of (J.^'enior
Patterson of Piince Kdward Island, then the Island of St. John
and of two (\)mm*issi()ns to (iuy Carleton, Ks.}., as Coveruor of
the Provuice of (,)ue1)ec. and the iustnicrions aeeom|»anyin..- ,.,.i,>h
of the Cominissioiis have l);,'en tiled with th(; lu"_nstrarT)f the
Court. We must, therefore, dispose of the preliminary (luestion
with the materials l)efore us.
Coi)ies (.f the commissions of Lord Monck, Sir John Youn'>-,
Lord Dutferin, and of the present (Joveruor of the Island, sTr
Ilobert Hodufsou. were obtained in Ottawa.
Prince Kdward Island, or the Island of St, John as it was
then called previous to the year 17(;4, was under the same Gov-
ernment with the Province ot Xova Scotia, ami in Lnvin<«- the
(hi thr /'. /•;. /</,iii'/ l.'inl I'l/rr/n/s,' .{r/. 5
liiMiii(l,ii-ic> i>f' rli.it l'r.>\ iiicf in tin' ( "<iMiiiii->^ioiMit W in. < 'iim|)l»rll,
K><|.. cniiiniMnlv (mIIciI l/ird William ( 'miiplu'll. (Iaf('<l lltli
An'_n>f. 1 7<;<"i. a]i|i<>'ntinu liini < 'iii>iaiii <ii'rnTal and < iox t-rn'M- of
N.i\a Scntia. till' Uland nt' Sf. dolin i> included. In the r<>niinis-
sioii to Walter TatriT-Mn dateij Itli Au^ii^^f, 17<*>!>. --i) inucli of the
I'jitent to Lord William ('am|iltell a> nientioned tiie Ulaiid of" St.
dolm wa-i revi)ke(l, ;ind l'atter>nn w a- ai>|)oiiite(| Captain (Jenerai
an<l <iovern(ir in Chief n\' the Island and Territories adjacenr
thereto. I'nder the Commission to (l(»v(M-n()r l*att<'rsoii he had
power 1)\' and with the consent of the Council to erect and cstah-
lish Courts ot Judicature within the island tor the determiniuLi-
and heai-in:^- of all causes. ci\il and criminal, accordinu" t'> l;iw and
'.'(|uit\', and to constitute and a|)|M)int .Iudi:'e> and CormnissioDei's
ol ( )ver and Termini-r for the better adniiidstratioii ot .Iustic<;.
Tile Commission also refers to such reasonahle statutes as shoidd
thereafter he made and aiireed upon l)y him with the advice and
eoiiseiit of the Council and .\ssend)ly of the Island; and as soon
as the situation and circinnstances of the Isjaixl would admit
thei-eof !ind as soon as need slioidd re(|uire, he was to call ;:-eiieral
assemblies of the freeholders and jdauters. to be called the Assem-
blv of the Island, and by the consent of the Council and Assem-
blV he had power to make laws tor the <roo(l government of tiie
Island. \\\ the iiistiMictious lie was to constitute a Council to
assist him in the admitiistration of the aff'air.s of the Colony, and
the Council to have all the powers and i)rivile,L;es and authority
usuallv exercised in the other American Colonies. He was to «;-ive
his in'unediate attention to the establisliin,ir of such Courts of
Judicature as miuht be- toiuid necessary for the administration of
Justice. He was to ('onsult the Chief Justice as to the ineasun'fi
))ropei' to be piu'sued tor the puri)ose, o-oveiiunu- himself as tar a.s
ditfere!ice of circumstances would udmit by what had been iq)-
|)roved and found most advantageous in Xovti Scotia. He was to
transmit to the Secretary ot State copies of all acts, orders, yotii-
mission.s, i^-c, bv virtue of winch any Coin-ts, Otlicers, Jurisdic-
tions, t^'c, were established. The consideration of calling a Lower
House of Assembly could not too early be taken up.
There is no aiithority in his Commission or instructions
directing him to establish a' Court of Error or A[)peal nor to per-
mit or allow ap{)eals to himself in Council.
The Commission of (iuy Carleton, afterwards Lord Docliester,
aj)[)ointing him 'Governor of the Province of t^iebec, dated 12th
H ,/ii(/i/iii>'iif iif' f/n .^nii/i III, ('(lint (If ('diKidd
Api'iK 17(!H, is similiir to tliuf nt' < toxcnioi- rattfi-" >ii wl.'.cli war
datt'd Itli .\ii;riist, ITtll*. It a|>|i<)iiiis liiin ('a|iiaiii < iciirral and
(lOVcnior-iii-Cliii't" nf the I'i<i\ incc of (^ikIkc. His in^fnicrit»ns
difFcl* sotiu'wliilt tl'Diii those at'tci'w aids ^dxt'ii to ( i('\ cnior
I'attcrsoii and as to suninioniiiir a ^f< ncral asscnd)I\ ot' tVfrhold-
(Ts as soon as tlif inorc |»n'»inL; allair-- o| ( io\ crnnn-ht Would
allow, stated as it was imiiracticaitlf to form sucli an cstaMislnncnt,
tln-n lie was to make siiidi rules and I'cL^ulations witli the adviee
ot' tin- ( "ouncil as should appeal' to he iiecessarx tor the |»eaee.
order and uood ^iONcrnnieiit otthe l'i'o\iiiee. lie was to e>tal)lisli
Courts of'dustiee and consider what had heeii c^tahlished in that
I'cspeeti !!;_'• the other Colonies in Ainei'i<'a, |)artieulai"l\ in No\a
Scotia. lie was lo allow app' :ds tVoin an\' oi' the Courts ot"('oni-
tnori Law to the (ioNcrnor in Council and for that purpose was
to issue a writ /// thf .iiiiiiin'r n-hicli Ints hi'i'u iisikiIIji (irciistoiiK il
het'ore hiinselt" and the Coiuicil who were to procet'd to hear and
determine such app"als. (As alrea<l\' stated no such dirci-tion or
authorit\ as this is contained in the Commission to (iovernor
i'atterson.)
He was aiiain apj>ointed ( Iovernor of (^uchec. liis conunission
hein^r dated "iTth l)ec.. 177"), after the passine; of the Imp. Stat.
14 (ieo. ,"), Cli. h;» lor makiiiii more etfectual |)rovisions tor the
(io\-ernnK'nt of the Province of (^iiehec. Following;- the provi-
sions <if the Imj). Stat, he was authorized, with the consent ot the
Council, to make ordinances tor the peace, welfai-e and ^nxxl «ro\ -
ernm«'nt of tin; Provinct . certain exceptions aa to ordinances
imposinu' taxes. He had authority to appoint .]ud_^''es, etc., as in
his former Commission.
Cnder his instru'-tioiis lu- was directed by and with the
advice of his Coimcil to establish Courts of dustice. Su;xge.stions
were nia<le as to the kind and nuudxr of Cotu'ts, hut he was to
l)e guided hv circumstances, and amongst other suggestions as to
what slnndd l)e done was the following, \'v/.: '"That the < iover-
nor and Coiuicil should be a ^'o;^r/ of Civil Jurisdiction for the
hearing of appeals from the Judgments of the other Courts when
the matter in dis])Ute excx'eded ten pounds. The decision of the
(Governor in Council to be final in cases not exceeding t!')00 stg.
in which cas(! an appeal from the Judginent /" he nilin'dU'd to the
King in Council."
An ordinance was passed by the (lOvernor in Cotuicil on
2.'>th Julv, 1777, establishiniT certain courts according to the
On llh- I A'. IJ'IikI I.'IIkI /'inr/insi Arf 7
sii'ji:«'^ti<»ii«; (•(•iitaiiicd in tin- lloy.il Iii>t iMi.tiDii-^. iitid iiinlcr that
orfliiiiiiH*' the (iovcriior in ('(Hiiuil was coiistitiittMl aCouitot
A|i|)cal. On till' margin <>t tin- oiMlinancf in the copy in the
I.il»rary of Parliament linv, then- is tlic t'ollowin^r fiifry ii» mann-
siTi|)r: '• \'i(li' onlinancc of '7 Scj.r , 177.") |»as>c(l <»n ('. .1. llayrs
"■oiim' iioliir
...
It was til- model of this and the next ordinance iti some
instances. The next ..rdinance wa- to re,undate the proceedings
in the Conrts of Civil dmiicatnre in the I'rovince of (^mdjec.
Fri.m this it appears that hefore the Act of 14 (ieo. l^, Cli. 2, the
t'ommis>ion and instructions nnder it were ;:iven, the (ioxcrnor
in Council had passed an oi'diiiaiice to establish ii ^'''//V of Ap-
|)eals in (^uel)e<'. Mud this under a Commission and instructions
similar to that under which Covernor l*attersoii was acting- in
l*rince Edward lslan<l, except so far as the power to ^n-ant appeals
was wantinti' in the instructions to (lovernor Patt(M-son which was
contained in the instructions to <iovei'nor Carleton.
in Au^nist 17'i!t the conunission to Coveruor Patterson was
issued and In- is sai<l to ha\-e arriM'tl in the colony in 1770. The
hrst nieetinir of the Legislature composed ot the Council and
AsscMuhly with the (iovernor of c«)urse, was. Hccordin<r to Stew-
art's I lis'torv of I'rince -Idward Island p. 177, in 177;i; and the
first statute as appears hy the Acts of the CeinTal .Assembly of
the Island published in \Hi\'2. was passed in 177;i. It is eutitled
''At the (Jeiieral Assend)ly of the Island of His Majesty's Island
of St. John, be^nui uud ho'lden at Charlottetowii. the seventh day
of dulv. .viuio Domiiu 177:), iu the thirteenth year of the reifrii
of our' Soverei<,ni Lord, (ieor«,^' the Third, by the (iraee of (iod,
of (ireat Britain, France and Ireland, Ki!i<r, Defender of the
Faith. BeinfT the first (General Asseud)ly convened in the Island."
The first statute passed recited that it had been found absolutel}-
necessary and expedient by His Majesty's Governor iti Council ofthe
Islaii'l to make several resoluti )ns. ordinances and reu^ulationsfbr
the fijood <;overnment of the said Island ; it then repeats these
ordinances and confirms what was done under them. Cha[). 2 is
entitled an Act to confirm aiul make valid in law all manner of
pro(;ess and j)r(X'eedin,i:s in the several (Jonrts of Judicature within
this Island from the first day of Ma}' 17(i!t to this pivsent session
of Assemblv. The recital states: •• Whereas this Island has
been without a com[)lete Leijislature from the conunencement of
the (jovernuient thereof wliich took place on the first day of May
8 J iKliinii lit <>t till' Siijiri'iiir (\iiirt nf (iiiniihi
1 7(»!> uiiti) this present session of A»enil»l\-. (liiriiii:- w'lich time
iiiniiy iiiid various proceed iiii^s liaNc lieen had at the scNcral Courts
of .liidicatlire in the Ishinih" It then deelai-es the writs, judi;-
nients and proceedings in the Courts fr.)ni and alter the said 'st
May 17()'.i to the end of tliat session ucxidand \ali<l in hiw. Tliat
it shotdd not extend to take a\\a\' oi' rectifx eri'ors in the u>in«''
oi jd'ocess. uds-ph'adinLis and ernnieous reiKh'i'ini;' of juduiuenr
in point of hi\\\ hut in all such ca>es the parties a,!i,i:rie\ 'd niii:lit
ha\'e their writ OI' writs of eri'oi' u|ion such eri'oneous |udunient
in >uch manner as they miiiht ha\e done hetore the making' of
till' Act
(io\('rnor Patterson apparentK remained < io\-ernoi' until 17S(i
when he \\as succeeded hy (JoNcrnor KauniuL! who continued in
ofiict'. it is said, for nineteen years, that would he until ISO.).
(io\ernoi' I'atterson was authorised l»\- his Couniussion with
theacKice an<l consent of the Council to estahlish such and so
many Coui'ts of Justice witliin the Island as thev should think fit
tor determininii' causes, as well criminal as ci\il. according' to hiw
aiid e(|uity, and to constitute an<l ajijtoint -ludai'^. jumI in cases
i'e(piisiie. to i.-siie connuissions of ()\cr and Ternnner. We have
nothing' to >lu)w that in (io\eriior Patterson's time anx- C )urt of
Ki'ror or .\p|»ellate Court was estahlished hv anv act ot' his .Vnd
it seems adnntled that as a matter of fact no such Court ev(M' e.\-
ei'cised any jurisdiction in the Island and no case \\as ever
hrou.^ht I) 'fore such a Court If it had heen e>ta!)lislieil undei-
any ordinance of the Council before the iirst sitting- of the Legis-
lature, we ha\-e not heen I'eterred to any such ordinance. It is
-hown h\ statute passed at that sitting tliat Courts of Judicature
lunl before that heen e^tahlishe(l and lia\e heeii continued ever
suice. As ro tiiose coiu'ts that lia\c' been exei'i'isinu' their func-
tions and powfrs vxcv since, witii lei:islatioii from time to time
with retcrence to tiiein, tlu'S' woidd. no doubt, be considered as
e>tabli>lied ti'ibuiials ami as havini:' been le^all\c>tablishe(l. IJut
when it is contended that so iin])ortant a tribunal as a Coui't of
last I'oort exists in a Pi'o\ ince.it shoiiid be >howii there was such
a Coui't actually exercisiti;:- -ludicial fiinctioii>.oi' that it wasestab-
lislied by >ouie act oi' the LeL;i>laiiire of the Crown.
.\s iar as(io\-ernor Patterson is cou'criied it does not appear
tiiat. by any kind of Legislative enactment or order eii her bv the
Coxcrnor in Council or I)y the more perfect Lei:islatioii after the
Cemral As-<enibl\ was called, such a (.'ourt wa> e.stablislied. nor
C'li tin 1\ ]■:, ].<la,i(l Lnid Piirrl- ',r A<i.
9
(Iocs ir appear tliat he -was. hy iiistnictions. specially authorized
to estahlisli siieli a Coiirr or to ^///"/r appeals tVoiii aiiv of the (\jurts
of ( 'oimiioii i^aw as ( Jo\('nior Carletoii was in the iristnietioiis nc-
(•oinpaii\ini:' his first Coniinissioii. and as Sir -lohn Colhornc was
in the instructions accouipanxinu' the Counnissiou to him in
IS.SS.
I nder the instructions to (io\-ernor Patterson he was to
send to the Secretar\' of State co|)ies of all Acts. ( )r(lers. Coinuiis-
sions. A'c.. I)\- \ii-tue of which anv Courts, iS:v.. were established.
We presume the parties have had proper encpiiries uinde as to the
existence of copies of such docuuKMits and that none can he found.
It is said none exist in the Island.
\\ hether undei" anv std)se(pient Commission or instructions an
attempt was made to establi>h sneh a Court in the intei'val
between the ('(^nnuission to (iovernor I'atters<Mi I7()l) and
that to Sir dohii Colborne ISHH. we have nothiu"' l)efore
us to show. I nder that Commission, as already stated, he
was authorized to al/oi/- appfdis and for that purpose to issue u
jWi'it in the iiKHnn'r " irhicli. lias hccn nsii(il]ij accustomed ' return-
able befoi'e himself and the Exeeutive Council who were to j)ro-
ceed to hear and deternune the same. The instructions to most
of the Colonial (ioveri>ors were said to be to the same effect. In
Mac[»herson s Practice of the Privy Council Appendix 72, he
speaks of the (iovernor in ('ouucil as forming the Court of Error
in the Colony.
The insti'uctions acconqianyinu" the Coinmission to Eoi'd
.Monck in ]SC>1 do not in an\' wa\" refer to the allowinn; of an-
peals and from what is said on the subject in Mac})herson's prac-
tice in the Privy Council, it seems that in the Royal Instructions
issued to (^)louial (rovernors (of the Coloiues that have Le,2'isla-
turi's) for some time past no mention is made of appeals ; and the
same can be said as to the instructions to Lord Lisuar in lS(iS.
Nor isanythinij: said as to (ilhui-iiKj appeals in the Commissions to
Lord Monck and Lord Dufferin. nor in the instructions accom-
panying the same.
The refeivnce to tlie matter in Ilaliburton's. Xova Scotia
\ oi. '1. p. '.\'M), is to the effect that '"the (io\-ei'nor in Council con-
jointly constitute a Court of Erroi' from which an appeal lies Vm
the (liiliiri- i-rssui't tothcKiu^ ill CoUllril." He Ciaisilh.'l's th(^
oiMLdn of this ai)pellate jurisdiction to haxc been the custom of
NoiMnand\" when apjteals la\' to the Huke in Council.
I
10 .1 ilihlilh III III llir Silinriiii ('nllil I'j ('(llnnlil
III >M'\\;irt- No\;i >C(iti,l. ;it'fiT -CitiliL;' till' M|il\ ('()iiliiin:i
1-!" <'"lirr C-IllMi-lllMl il: llir I,!;|i|,l \\;i^ til'' S II | i I'l ' 1 1 1( ' <'(,||l't.
|"'iMnii,ii "ir lidw ilir ( 'liii'l' .Iii<tirc \\;i> ;i|>|)(iiiitcil ;i!i<l lidw rlic
prM'r.'dlii-., were c. >iii|iicfc.| ndd-: •• A n ;i j.|ic;i 1 in t lie iKitni-c dt'
■■I \\ lif "t !'.ri''ir i> ;i!l iw^il tVuni \\\t' Siiprciac ('oiiiT to tlic (iox-
'^■Il"l' "!■ ' "IIIIIIMIhIi r iii ( 'liii'f 111 rnlllicil W licli t lie (li'hr (»r Millie
-|'|"'''''''i f"i" <'M'<'f<U t';;()(t ,>'i:-. wiili ;iii .■i|>|>c;i! troll! rlii'ir jiidu-
liii'lit when I 111' dchr or \ ;ill|c ;i|)jic;di'd f. ir I'Xcc m U I* .')( M » >r2-.
I l'''l'<' i^ ;i ('li;i|ircr (Mi ;i]i])c;i1- ill (d;ll•kl■'«^ Siiiiilii;ir\- of
<'|'loiii;il I.iiw |i. l<Mi. il, wldcli lie rclciv- io flic riiilir of diTcniiiii
iiil: 111 til'' <"oiii-r of l;i>r i-t--ort all (•oiirro\ci'>ic> lii-rwci'ii ciri/i'ii^
ot a -tare a- lia\iiiL: Im'cji ;d\\a\> coli'^idcrcd tIh' l)r>r cvidciici' of
ihc |hw>c>ioii of SoxcrciLiii |).i\\('r. Ar |iaLic 111 he uses rlie Ian
i:iia-c ali'cadv referred to. and at |iaL;c li'i). referrini;- to the
l*i':i<''i't' ill rlie l'ri\y ("oiineil and To the eax' of a |iart\ wlio has
'"■'•il ji'e\('iired li\ aecideiiTal caii^cN from a|)|)l\iiiL: to the (io\cr-
II or of a Colony within the |»eriod limited in th'' |iartienlar ( "(.loii\
^'^1" l*'ii\f to appeal to His .Majotx ill Coiiiieil. the (ioNcrnoi-
lia\ ini: no Jurixlieiioii after that to allow the appeal, he ](roceed> : «
■• li'i' //Is l/i/j, ■.</!/ Ill (\ mini fr(i:ii wliolii ///- r/-//// <>{ iijijinil itsi'lf in
it.i r.rs<\ I iiniiiiitts nia\' ol cmirs, iit iii^ jilnisiiri rrlii.r in an\' siudi
■|>arfieiilar instance, ii-li, u il Hjijunis , ijuihililr In <ln sn, the nslrirliniis
to which it is iicjierally Mihject. So it ma\ happen that a (Jov-
criioi- inii»roperly refii>e> to all(n\ an appeal, from some doiil>t> as
t » its co!iipeteiic\ or rr;:iilarif\. or from an\ other caii>e where
Justice I'cipiired a c()ntrar\- deci>ion. In all >ucli caMs the part\-
ai:L:rie\ ed is (,t coiir>e entitled to appl\- to lli^ .Maie>t\ in Council."
In till re])ort of the ca>e. in r< Camluid-e. cited on the
argument. Lord l?roii;^liam said tliei-e i> no iij>tance of aih»\\in!i
aiiap|i'ai from the Supreme ( 'oiirt at once to the (^)iieeii in <'ouii-
fil. th'Tc heini;- l>y the ( 'oii>t itiition of the i>land a Court of
.\]ipi-al. naiiHdy. the Cio\ ernoi- in ('oimcil. froni \\ lio^e decision
iil'Hie an appeal lies; and then -a\^: ••The jifoper course and
the oidy conr>e their lord>liip> can take i> to ad\ i-e Her Majest\-
to iil!,':r ir to lie a|ipealed to the (io\criior ill ('oiiiicil. ir max then
he hroii:^jir het'ore us in a future sta-c. if the parties an' nor satis-
fied w I r h the dccisii m.
ill til'' ■'•latiiiieiit of the ca>i' it i^^ >aid (ihi- wa> in 1 S 1 1 j that
h_\ the h'oxai in-tnictioii^. \u the (io\ern,)r he was din^cted to
allow appeal- to him-elf in Council in ca-es w hei'e r|, ■ \aliie
aiM'tMlcd from amoiinl- to L';',! )( t -t.. . and torlie Kin.> in ( '..nnril
On tin r /•;. I. -!':-, il i.HhI I'nrrlnis, .1,
7
11
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the
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wht I'l' ihf \;i!uf ;i|i]if;i|i-i! I'lMin ;iiii' Hiiif- to *J.")()1) <r^'. Tliiir \\\r
MlllMliiit l)iMii;j lich.w i; .K M> rhi' f;i-c \\;i^ liMt ;i|i|ic;ihllilc cither to
the <io\.M-iioi' ill <'oiiiicil or to Ihr M.-ijc-ix
X<|\\ it ;i ^'"///7iii the X'ljx' now coiifciKhMl for |)\- rh'' I»''--
|)oii(h-ii! h:iil iii'i-ij crcircii h\- rhc ( 'o!i>f it ii f lon of the '<'Mhiii\. or
ill any other way ree >L;'iii/.e(] 1>\ hiw \\ liere the jnri-dief i^n ir had
I \va- oiil_\ ill matter- aiinve L;ni)>rM. wouhl an a|i|)i-al l)e nilmr,,!
;m that t 'oiirt \)\ order of rile <^)neen in the inanner -ii emoted in
( 'anilirid-e > ea-e '^ I -hiidd think not i'mr it'ii he eon-iden il
a- the e\ercise ot'
•ro;^ati\ e Mi^hi of rhe < 'i-o\\ n to review tht
.! iidLiineiit- ot r, .Ionia! <'oiirt>. and the ('rown ehoo>c< to-e\crri-e
tliar riLiiil ■ fhroi!-h r ii ■ < io\ cnior and < 'oniicii. a|i] leai- ma\ Im'
■ dh>\v('<l to them a'/eordiiie' to in-r met ion- whieh. of eonr>e iiiit\'
he \aried ti'oMi time to time or aecordii!:;' lo -peeiflc ca-c- ;i> te,
rhe ("I'owii nia\ -eelll jn>r. I he 'io\i'r|lor ili I'olllleil liia\' he
eoii-i(ha'i'(l a ('oiirr a- hdii;' a- rh''-e in-f rncrion- e\i-r. hiif wleai
rhe\- are \\ irh<li'a\\ii rhe ('oma niii>t fall with tlieiii. At r!ie linie
ot rhe |ia>>ine ot" rlie l)oniinioii Statute e-taldi-hini:' the Snprcnie
('oui-t. the l/,eiitenaiir (io\(a-iior of rile l-laiid wa- nor an » Mtieer
hojdiii;^- a ( 'ommi>-ioii under the ( irear Se d of' ( I rear JM'irain. nor
. did lie reeeixe aiiy iii-f riierioiis ro allow appeaU. nor was he
;Hithori/.ed to i>-.ne writs tor that |)ur|)o>e retiirnahle hetore hini
and rhe K\ei iifi\e (■oiiiicil, nor were rhe\- directed or aiirhori/'d
to jii'oci cd lo hciir aiui dereriiiiiie -iidi ajijicaN.
Ill rhe ah-eiiei' flieil ot' a 11 \' ' /N idcjiee slio wi 1 1 u' r he e-ta 1 )1 i>ll-
. meiif of a Court of Ki'ror or tliar aii\ tribunal e\ er c\.M'eised
within the Island rlie power- ot' -neh a Toiirr. I am ot'oninion
fhar the nnmi-rakahle reti'reiice- to -iicli m <'onrr in the l-iaiid
Siariire ot' |S7-"' oi- in the orher .\er> to whii-h we are ret'taa'cd. do
ii"r create >! !i a ('oiirt. it'ir had not an I'xisrenec pre\ ion- rJiere-
f". It ir had heeii -hewii rliaj -ncli a ('oiirr a--iiiiicd to e\erci>c
rii'' tuiietion- ot a pi-o]ierly oruani/ed <"ourr and had heeii doiiii;-
so tor years, the reco^-nirion o| ir l)\ rhe Acr- ot rhe l.e^i-laiiire
uiie'hr he con-idered as altii'iiiiiiL;' irs le^al e\i<reiice, Inir nor to
create i ( 'oiirt.
. Ill the retereiiee ro the ( 'ourt ot I'^rror or Appeal ill the Statute
3- reterred lo. menrioii i- iu>r made of rhe ( io\ ernor in ( 'oiiiieil con-ti-
t uriiii:' -iich ( 'oiirr.
I he I -la lid Srariire of iM < leo. .",. chaji. I 7. doe- not nei c-sariK-
imply rliat rhe i'e\ i-inii ot' a dudeinenr in Mrror iiiii-r !)■■ i)\ a
•''" "iipeiioi io iiie >iipreiiii' (tain oj- li II doe-, tiiaf rliar
I
* " ■f'l<l:lni>'i(f i.f thr S,iin;iiir ( 'mirt of ( 'ai„i,l,i
('oiirt inii>tl.c iifccssMi-ilvoiK' fxistiii- in the ( 'ul.)ii\ .
Th
K i 1 1 1:
ill <'<'mi(;il iiiinlit revise *jiii Ki'i")i-.
^ _ As to tlie starure ivlatin- ro the esrates ..f intestates, special
.limsdK-tion IS hythe Sfatiif -iv<-n t.. the ( i,.vern(.r in C.uneii
who are to .kride the matter ..n appeal and tli.-ir <leeision I
5ij)prehen(l. is to Ik carrie.i „nr hy the .hul-.-s of the Court.
riie faet that in the instnietion.s to n^ost of the (iovei-nors in
the Anienean Colonies reference is made to ilieir o-,-antin<.- letters
ot administration and probates of will, prohahlv su'--es7ed that
It was desiralde to have an appeal to the (iovernor and that app.'al
IS expressly -iven to him and t!ie Council hy name in the Statute.
Ihe Act constituting- the (iovernor in Council a Divorce
Court creates them for that purpose and .loes not make them
a tourt ot hrror or Appeal.
In the Imperial Act of 17l»l. ->! Ceo. ;], chap. :',l. the existenco
.» the ordinance of the Governor in (\)uncil of the Pr.nince of
yuc'hec constituting the (iovernor in Council a Court of Civil
;)unsdiction for hearin- aii<l determining- appeals in certain cases
IS recon-nized under ,sec. U which enacts: -that the Covernor
of each of the Provinces (of Cpper and Lower Canada) with
such Executive (.ouncil as .shall I.e appointed hv His Majestv for
the affairs of snch Province, shall be a Court of"CiviMuri.sdi;.tion
withm each of said Provinces for liearin- and determiniim- appeals
witliin the same, in like cases and manner, and subject to such
appeal as before the passin- of the Act mi-ht have' been heard
and determined by the (iovernor in (\.>uncil of the Province of
(^lebec, but subject nevertheless to such further or other provi-
sions as min-ht be made by the Le.uislature of the I'rovince.
The Legislature of Lower Canada passed a Statute on the
subject .A (.eo. ;,, chap. (1. L. Cpper Cana.la the.same vear, bv
..M.eo. o, chap. i>. .sec. ;^:5, the (iovernor. the Lieutenant ("iovernoV
-T rrson Administerinn- the (.i.,vernment. or the Chief dustice of
the] '•ovnicetoovtherwithanytw«,(>rni(.renieinbers.>ftheKx.'<-utive
•"incd of the Province shall compose a Court <.f Appeal for
hcanno- and determ.nino- all appeals from su<-h i.,<l-n,ent or sen-
teu.vsas nnn-ht lawfully be brou-ht before them.' Sec. X^ declares
in what ease, an appeal should li<' to the Court. Appeal> were
also ailoued under the l>p,.r Cana.la Act of LS'l? from the
decisions ol th,. \ ,c,. Chancellor, though the (iovernor was Chan-
I
Oil lh< /'. A'. I si, I ml Liii I I'mrlins,' Ad.
\:\
ili;r III Wondcork's West IihTr's [.. -JSS, tllc foll()\viii;i ivfcivm-c
is made to appeals in the ('olonics : •• Ap-pcals tVom tlio decisions
of Colonial Conrts niav Ix' coiisideivd as cxistin^i- at tiie Coninion
Law as affccred 1)\- the Kind's instrnctions to the (iovei-n<Ms, by
colonial law and parliamentary enactment. It has been said to
lie an inliesH'nt ri^lit of the subject of whic'.i he cannot Ik: deprived
to appeal to the SoverelLTn to redress a wront:' (hjne to him in an}'
Court oiMustice. and also an inherent ri^ht of the King insepar-
able from the Crown to distribute justice amongst his subjects.
IJis MajestN- bv his instructions dctdares his IJoyal will and j>lea-
siire to be that his representative shall in all cases on api)licatioii
being nuule to him for that purpose permit and allow a])j)eal>
from anv ol the f'oiirfs of Connnon Law and he and the Council,
with the exce|)tion of su(di as may have heard the cause below
(who are nevertheless allowed to give their reasons for the ju<lg-
ment complained of), are to proceed to hear and determine the
a[)peal. It is ])rovided. however, that the sum or value appealed
for do exceed £:Mn) stg. and that security be first given by the
api)ellant to answer charges as shall be awarded in case the first
sentence be affirmed, and if either party be dissatisfied with the
decisions of the Governor in Council, then an appeal is ullom'il U)
the King in Council ]»rovided the sum <^r value appealed tor
t'xeeed JtodO stg: the a})j)eal to be made within 14 days after
sentence and good security given by the aj)pellant that he will
effectuallv jjrosecute the same and answer the condemnation and
also i)ay such costs and charges as shall be :iwarded iii case the
• sentence of the ( iovernor in Council l)e affirmed.''
It is also ]>rovided that in s})ecial cases the (iovernor is to
adnnt the appeal
In Macpherson's l^-actice of the Privy Council, Appendix r>.
the instructions to (lovernors previous to 1S,")4 are referrecl to.
Thev are said to be substantially the same in all the Anierican
Colonies, and were generallv to the effect mentioned in Mr.
Woodcock's book. lb' adds': -In the Royal Instructions iiow
issued to Colonial Covernors no mention is made of appeals.
Special order> are m de in the Privy Council as to appeals
from the Su|)reme Court in the Colony, named in the order wdiere
the sum or or matti'r in issue is ai)ove a certain amount. Such
orders appear to ha\c been nnidi; in reference to the itrovinces of
New Brunswick and No\a ^coiia.
14
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(■('IlScrl
(h, I'l' /'. /:. isi'iini i.ni'i riir,i,,i.<, .\ri. i;,
lit the I >i>iiiiiiiMii \( I. (•rriitiiiL'" tlii^ < "Diirt. \\;i>: c- ;riil)!i-'i<'(l or i'\-
'-.fcl ill tlir I-l:iiii! I.! i'riMcc |'M\\;(rl (iiiii'i'_;- tlir liiiii' tint .Mr.
I'iit fi'i'-iiii w ;i- < 1. Pi .•riiiT nt' till' I 'rii\ 'pii'i- WcwiTc hut ri'MTiT(l
m \^'> :tii\ cM-r rliMt liii'l i'\.T liffii liiMiijlit l)"ti)ri' >iicli ;i ' 'Hiit. ;iii'i
if \\;i- iKit liciili'ii tii:il ll'i C!!*!' llM'i i'\i r i)^'i'll t;ii\ii| ic ^\\c\\ ;l
('olllT wi'hill till' l-l;ili(|. h i- ll'if ]>iv;-i|ili'(l l!i;ir -lir'n ;i (''UliT
li.i> (•\ I'l' li'M II , <!.tliHsh, il li\ lr-i-.i:it i\ (• cii;!. ■nii''iit. llhiiiL;ii ir w ;i>
riMitciiilt'i I tl;i' <'\i-ri'lir(' 1)1' -iicli ;i ('o:ir! \\;i- rcct ii^ni/.i' I in Sru-
nitc^ ]i;i->-('i| li\ I'm- I ,i'ji->l;il lll'i'. 1 1' c-f ;i I >! i -! h ■' 1 .'It :ill. it iiiu^r
li;i\(' liccii li\ ;iii iii-truiiii'!ir iiinlcr fli'- _i'i':it x'.'ii. nr itiidcr tln'
iii^t riic'iit 111- to I !n' ( Mi\ ci'iidj'. it tliai \\ < .iild c^tiiltli-!! ;i < iMirl i it
., Hint kiiiil No iii^ti'iiiiM'iit iiikIi-i' tln' lH'i'mI -i nl. citliiT <<\ <ii'i';ir
$ Ul'it.'lill (i|- dt' tlic < ''i1m|i\ . li;i> licfli rclri'icd Id ;i«. c-tllMi^llillL; -lli'll
;l ('dlllT Now. till' ( II )\ 1 I'linl' III ('i)llll('il \V;l- I '^t 11 1 )1 i-l I I'l i '' ^ i"lil
dt' .\|i|M'.'ll li\ nil ( 'I'liili.'lll'i- lit fill' l'l'i*\ ilirr I it' < ^Ui-Im-i' wlii'll the
iii>-t I'lictiiiii- i'\|)i'i'-^l\ ;iiil III iri/.i'd :iii ;i|i|h':i1 t'l the (loxi-ninr in
('ipllliril. Till' ill-t riirf i' ill^ tn < in\ Cl'linr ( 'lU'li'tull. with lii^ ^itoIkI
t'iilllllli^>!iMI. W llcll I'rti'irill'J to ^l|l»irct> tnl' ( it I II 111 \ 1 1^« ' 1 1 H ' tcl'lll )
li';^i^l;iriiiii. (!ii'('('ts hi- ;if trntinii tu <',t!i>tiriitiiii: the < n i\ cniiir in
tt (iHllU'ih 'I ( 'milt nf ' 'inl ■! Ill isilicliitii t'nr \\\v hrill'illi: i >t .\ 1 1] ii'il 1-.
The .\i't (if ."il-t ( i('i». ,"i(h eh. -'ll. ili-riiirtl\ rcc ii^hIm's siK'h ,'i Ciiiirt.
; :ili(l the >llhM'ijiit'iir l('i:i>hitii)ii. liiith ill 1 ppi'l' iiiid Low ( r ' ";ili.'i<hi.
* t'Dllstimtr the (inxcninf. ill < 'i Mllicil. ;i ('oinT. I he tril HlliilU. >i>
('>r;il)li«.lir(h Were |)ro]K'rl\ ('ii'ii'ts. and f.xcrcixd their |ii>wcr>
nndrr hiw- which ('lUitiiiiifd rhfiii as h)n;iastlu' h'iw> ('.\i>t('d.
Thirr i> a niaiiitc>f ditrcrcnrc hl•r^vl'l'll Trihtinals >-o (■iiii>tinit('d
and fh<i>c whirh cxcrcisr jimwcin cDiit'crrci! I)\- the lli>\al lii-rriii-
tion.-' ahiiic. and which mi'Iii oiiK ro cxi-t whil>t the iii>tiiicrii ui^
arc cKiitiiiiH'd. In the one case the\ e\i-t ami continue hy imsi-
ti\ e eiiactiiieiit. and in tin' other li\ \irtue ot' the |irei'o;^ati\ e
riiihr to ri'\ ise the de<'i>ioii- ot' the Colonial ( oiiiT--. and w hen the
<io\ei'iioi>. are not aiithorixd to e\( n ise that riLihT. it >eeui> the
natural and logical resiilr that tlie\' cease to jiov-e--'- ir.
The ('oniniis>ioii- i'^siied to ( u)\ I'l'iior- -iiiee Sir .loiiii <'ol-
lioi'iies time, which >\ e lia\'e seen, do not contain aii_\ anthi>rit\
to the (io\eriioi' to allow' aiid hear a|i]M'aU. and the rrtereiice to
thi- matter, in Mac|)her>-iin'> l*racric*', indicates that in iiio-t. it
11..; ill all ot' the ( 'oiiitiii--ii m- i-^iied latej\. that authority which
\\a- formei'l'N L'i\eM. ha- lieen infeiitioiially withdi'awn.
(hi the whoh. 1 ciinie fo tlu' coiicliisioli that the jire-eid
(,o\ernor ol the i.-iaiid ot" i'lince Kdwai'il had no ani hoii' '■ i"
I
;"""■"",•■'';>"•"''," 'Y '""^^'■-•"nul...fn,vtl.isc.>nrr. ..u„lrl..-,r if
s |>n,,H.Ny iH-onol.r L.ton. u. .'.s ...ln.,..lv stMN-.l. I ,|o not .k
Mat,, ..,fs<., nvar..s^.l,.(^,,,,J,• ,,,,,,, ,;Ji^^^^^
1 IK' of her -«t;|fi!tcs fcf. ■••Vi ■; ! f , ^ -i • ■
/• ,• . ' ''IH > |( l( , i< (1 f(.. (I , ,l()f licccssjl,-) \- iMii, \ f|,.,f
;''";"■';■' '''I --"•'iin,i„.c„i„„v.,„ , M ",':,;!
fr.> civnrc a ncnc-al c.iirr uf api.c;!!.
a<• ... ha h. ^^ 'H--un,ln-;r<>o;i
t ..-rasrs h,.,v to ..v,. th..,„ l.c-anl in! if 1 ,nav ,.s. th. tc-,-n a
'f::r;L ■^^''''^'••'•' ''-•.'''-■'• '-■■'.•.■-,.t...rtoi>vti...,,,..-r
Ml)aii(I()iic(l an.l ceased ro l)e,ise(I. "
I, tl.i.ik, tl.cvfon, the ai»,.,.al is ,.rop,.,-]v I.efM.v „.. ,,,i<l ue
iinvc j,ii-is(licti()ii t(- hcai-it.
Ill n-iiai'd to tln' incrits:
TIm- ..,>'<. stat(-s: Thattlu. Kiol.r IIo„n,-al.lc. }I„nh (^,lli„o-
'r''-<l'"y < iHl.l.Ts was d„Iv a,.point,.<l a ( 'o„.,nissio,;.,. :,v t ^
.ov.n.o,-(.,.,u.|-al-ni-ro,n,dI. ,„k1,.,- the sc-ventl. smion of tli.
Land uiv.aseAct. IST.',; John T. Jenkins. K.,.. was dnlv .n-
Hunted a ( oinnnssjoner hy the Lientenant (ioven.o,-. nnde.^ e
( th se-t.on: and IJo he.-t (i.-ant IIalih,.,.t..n was appointed y
Miss N.d.van, as her Co.nniissione,-. nnder the ninth se'tion ^
lHHt the C otninissione,-s. so appointed, met at a <h.^• and
place ,n ( huHottetown, the,, appointed fo,- the pn,<pose of hi'a
and cons.denn. the matters ..efe.-.-ed to theni.'and at the s .7.
tin e and phice, so appointed, the Connnissioner of P,d,Ii,. Lands
and the P-pnen-ess. rha,-h.tte Antonia Snlivan. we,^e ,vp,-e :
n Counsel : and evKlence.tendere.l on l.oth sides havim. hee
lK.u^.jhe saul tiu-ee Conunissio.H.s ,nade an awanl, whiHi ^^
The notice of tlu- (^mni.issioner of P.d.lic f.an.Is. served on
M,ss S.d.vans a;^..t. is set out in the case and .vti-rs to the Ac
nd the po.vers ot the Conni.issione,- nnd<.,- it. and states that the
i h I land hable to the p,-ovisions of the Act. indndin.^ all
sudi parts o,- po,-t,ons of Lots o,- Townships Xu,nl.e,-s !) K; ^I-'
•-f '•• m the sland as she was o,- claimed' f. l.e the p.-opHc't'o;
. 1
■ i i i i I • . V C f .
liMt if
think
slaiid
iiuc.
tlijit
«tatu-
y fii-
^t<)l)(l
k liirli
)ni,,o-
'III, a
or to
Ix'CII
1 \v<.
lliiiii'
fhc
the
• iip-
th<'
■ '»y
and
•iiinf
line
lids
I ted
(-■en
was
on
Act
the
lids
all
'22
tor
n„ th. /'. A.'. I<hlii<! /.'iinl /'>nrl,,l.<C Aci. 1<
Ir nni.ciil^ iVoni the Sl:itUtc ll.Mt dir Cnvcnniiciir ..t' the
Tvl-iiid wn. ciitirlcd tn r( ( civc iVoiu thr l>Mniiiii.in « ioNtrtinu'iit ;.
^ hn'-'-r ^iin. ot'tlinnrv for th.- vuvyn.r nf .■|ial)lill- the -oV.'ril IIICU '
# nfrhc Pr-r !!!'•(■ f./pinrliaM- rhc to\\ii-l:ip lands held l>y t\\r \\-n-
jM'iftnr> in tli'' I-laml.
i \\i' nia\. wirlinnt 'j:<,\\\^i Ih'MmhI uliat i> coii^idciTd ilif Irnal
■ pr..\iiMM-.fa .In<l-<'. Ik -nj.'iM.MM'l To kn-.w thai th.av had_ hrcii
iliirn-idii.- in tiic l-hmd cxi^tinL;- tor many wars, in relation to
,1„. ,.,,ll..,tiMn n\- rnit^ nn tln-e hinds: that tlaav had l)c'.'ii Ir-is-
l.,,i,,ii .,1, thr ^id-icct. and th:it tnrtlirr h-i^latioii \yas deemed
i'ieee>.arv. The iveital in th.' Statute that it was .lesirahle to
ronxeiT 'the ieaMliohl tenure- info freehold .-fates, indicates that
it wa^ a m;,tter atVectin-- th.' pnldi.' iiifeiv>fs. This Stafiit" .)n;.dif
, th.'ivtore t.. h<- view.'d; Hot a> ordinary le-i>hiti.)n. hnt as the
4 M-rtlin-- .'fan im|...rtant (iuesti..n ..f iiivat moment f.» ll..' e.>nimii-
iiifv an.l in prin.'ii.le lik.' the ah..riti..n of the S.'in'niorial teiimv
A ill L.'.wer < 'ana. la. and the settlin-- ..f the land .|Ucsfion in Irehind.
In carrviim out such measures as flu'se, flier.' may he .-a^'s where
fhe law \\T)rks harshlv. wliere imporfaiif ri-hts may scm to lu'
.lisreiiarded. and priva'te interests are ma.le fo yield t.. tlu' pulilu
..oo.ir with. 'lit sulHeieiit compensation hein-- .iiiv.'ii; yet, the
h-jisiafi.*!! ..n rh.' Mil.ie.'f e..,ici-a!ly assumes to he liased on tlu'
npiucii.l.' ..f ,'oini.cnsati..ii t.) individuals wiieii fliei/ property is
^ taken ir.Mii them, and p.)iiits :>ut a m..de ..f ascertaining what
1 the ind.'innitv shall Ix' and how it shall l)e paid.
1 It is not .loiii>tcd in the Cmrt helow. and we do not (lonht
that the Leui>lature .>f the Island had a ri.i^ht f.^ i)ass the Statute
ii,',,ue<rioii." The Lireat ohject of the Statute seems to have beeii^
to .'..iivert the leaselmld te'niires into freehold estates, a matter ..t
verv -ivat imp..rfaiice. and one which, if not settled. Would he
likelv t.. aiV.'.f the peace, as well as fhe prosperity of flu' Province.
'Their intenti.>u seems fo have been as to all i|uesfi.tns con-
ii.'cted with the land, sm-h as rents, and jud-meiits ohfained for
the rents, and clauses arisin-' out of the ownership of the laml (a.s
far as pr.)pi-ietors o\' the land were concerned) that they sh.)uld
,'„) hacer l)e enforceable hv them, and that fho>e in.'ideuf>. _siich_
as arrears ..f rent, an.l the like ri-hts, slnaild he with the s.-il its.'lt
iin.l all int.'ivst in if pass from the proprietor fo fhe iiovernment
That the ui.Mi.'V value of the ri-hts of the propri.'t.M\ takinn- mfo
,.= .i;^iili..'-th>!.. "in estimating such value, certain cir.Mimsfances
su.-h as the price at which .)ther pr.)prietors ha.l s..ld their lands,
^* ■f"'l;ni"nt nf til, SN/>ni-u- ( \nnl , f ( \m>i<l<i
fli.' arnnml n.|,fMl> ,1,,.. an.l actualK ivc-ivc-,! ,.acli v.-ar tin- ex-
I"-.i.s.. of .-.IN-.TiM^r. rl,,. „, r .vc.ipts for six vrai-s, a'c., was to lu-
,^ 'V ^'"•''•'/ »Mssio„,.rs. TI..-S,- ('o,M,MissioMci-s urn- fo !„•
sH.vt.Ml, one l.y rl.c DoM.ini.,,, ( iov.-ri.iii.Mif, o.h- hv fh,. Islan<l
<."vn-.,.m..,r. o,,,- l.v tin- partv iMt,.n.st...I. Ir can l.anilv In-
<lis|>ur.-,l fl.ar tins was a tMir n.o.l.. of srlrrtino tl,,- CoM.M.i^sio,,-
.i-s. who wrr... att.T h.-ari,,;: ,.vi,|,.n<T, to inakc the award, and
'.. ,no,n-v avyai(l(-d was to 1„. „ai,l into the Island tn-asni'v to
"• uvdif of th.- suit or pro.rcdinns; rlu- oLjcct, no do.iht, luMn--
I.Ht tlu- nn.nrv should rrpn-s.-nt th.- lar.d, an.l the diffn-cnt par
j.-siut,.n.st,-dsH.uld. on a,.,,li-afion to the Curt, re.vive uhat
they were entitled to from that fund.
Thev inten.le<l th.- awanl of the Couunissioners to he Hnal
>n If .Mther party wished to have any .r..., i.f^.nnaliu, ..y onusslon
' th- award correeted. h. n.ul.i apply, within //./r/y davs afW
en.ilr T^l'V /'^'^""^'^''.^'^ ^'" ^"'I'-'He Court; to ^hav. it
ienntt<'d hack to the vouunissioners.
\ trustee was to he appointed to convey the estat<- of the
l"-<'l'nKor to the Conunissioner of Public Lands ; notice was to
'H' Uiyen to the proprietor, and the Court, or a Jud-,. n.i-d.t
.■estraiu ,ne execution of the <lc.d. This convevauce^md The
Lionel", Ml fee snnjile.
' WHU. 1 Ireasury at the expn-ation of (i(/ davs, anil the laddie
. . >n- . ter the nn.ney was so paid, was to execute a conveyance
•t the esta e of the p.vpr.etor unless restrained after 14 days
e'^anir'; "^'-T''"- • ^^''(^ ^'-"•'l '"^t the intention of" le
i.ij;i>l;itiir<. be .•iiiTii'd out n, this iMiittci-;-'
I «l- iM.t lliink it ,„.,.,.ssai-y to .lisniss tl„- ,.|„lmn,t.. iii.|..„,™ts
.!-■ "I ti„. StMtut,. ,vn.l..,s tl,:,t u,„„.<.,s,s,rv^ Tl„. vi..» ,,k i
;'."•';"•""■"■""/"■'' '"■"""■■■-■ -■ i" '!"• ""-a,-,! ,„„.h. .,,,1 that th ■
.' ;' '" 'I-"- I-- li..,.K Ana ir.h.viuJth. strict I '"n'l'X
■'■ - ''••'■ ■■Nrms- ,,1 a „„„„| ,|is,.,vti..i, am.rdiii-tothc
I
lO in) so.
On l/ir I . /•'. Ishind /."in/ Piirrhns, .1.7
lit
iH'st «.f tny.jud^nMcnt. the application ..i' tli.- proprictorH to M-f
asjilc fin- award >lioul(l liaxc l>«<'ii n't'iisc(l.
1 s,.,. MO reason t.. (loiil)t that the ( '<'ininissioncrs i.ro|M'Hy
,.ntcrc<l on il.r in.|uirv as to tiic (•oniix-nsation to !..■ awanlrd to
Miss Snlivan for h.-r'n^dits as a ).ro|'ri('tor in to\vii>lii|» lands in
tlic island.
It is not denied that Miss Snlivan was a i.n.pric'tor within
the meanin^^ of tho Act. of township laii(!> exeeedin;: in the
i,.r,r,v.rate .')n() acpes. Ih'!" hitids wciv then toiv liahle to he |)ur-
ehased nndiT the Aet. The appointment of the ( 'onunissioners
is stated in the ease and the notice r., Mi>s Sidivan of the inten-
tion to pnrchas.. all her lands is set ont. The notic<- c.m.plies
with the Act. If otdv !i i)ortion could he pun;hased, it ini;:ht he
that the portion selected would h<' that which was most prohtahle
to the j)roprietor and most desirable for hei to keep.
In mv opinion the St.Mute eonuinplates the purchase (.f all
of the peculiar description of lands owned hy a proprietor whose
estate exceeded .')<»() acres. an<l when the value was to he ascer-
tained, it wouhl he for th<- interest of the proprietor '.show
what the land was, in order that comi)ensation nuoht W- -iveii
for all and that none mi-ht he omitted. It the Statute had
reciuired the (\.mmissioner of Public Lands to dehne hy nteh's and
h<,ii,ni< in his notice the lands he intende<l to be purchased under
the Act, it would i)rohablv induce him to describe such lands as
were well known to belon'- to the particular proprietor and which
probablv would be those that were most valuable and most tor
the inteVot of th<' proi)rietor to retain, or it would have theettect
of makin- the Statute useless if the Commissioner would not
•dve a minute descri].tion of each parcel of land owned by the
proprietor The Court below thought the notice suthcieiit and
I see no r.-ason to dissent from that vi.'W. It was suggested on the
aPMiment tbr the first time that it did not apj.ear that the Coinmis
sj.Hu rs were sworn or that the Commisioner api)Ointed by the
proprietor ever notihed the Commissioner of Public Lands ot his
Mppointment. It was al.so suggested that the notice ot the sitting
of the Commissioners was not published a sufficient length ot
time before the day Hxed for their sitting.
The pnnisions of the Statute as to these matters seem direc-
.,..-1 if U reasonable to oresume they were tollowed, par-
ticuhirlv as the objections were not taken on the argument m tne
' '""'' '"•'"". ii"i' in ill,. n,|,.. |,,,|. ,,,riifi.Mi.: ! .-i. i-rli,..! ,,[, in rl,..
'■'■^1' ""'"■"''^ f,i.i,,,n. h I. II. a M >.\ >!i..u,i allir,u;iti\.'l\. tl,;,: ,-,>
'" '!"■ I- 'iiit> >iiL'M:,.stt'.|. tlir |.r,M',....ii,,^. u.r.. II, ,f r,.-iil;n-. ..x,..'!.!
".'' '" ''"' "I'"' "'' ^i\iii.- ill- ii-ii,'. .it ilir >iitiii- ,,fili,. (',Hiiiiii>-
■ • '"I'M. ,1-- n,,. |..ir(|..> ,i|)|»(.;ir(.,i. ,.,,i||., I,,. I,,, (,|,|(.,.|i,,ii
It ii(M.,.v.,.||.\ ,,, ^1,,,^^ ,1, .,11^ |^|.
'I 'II''- ir <• 'iild. I ;i|,j, !•,■;,, .,1,1
l>\ y\ iilcii,.,..
|"-<>c..r,|i|i._: III.-,! llli'^,. lli|||.j> WiT,.
!"■ :i\ ••iT,-il ill jtlcrliiii:. ami |>rM\ im|
/' 'll'' |'l'"|''"''"l'- <'"lMllli-i"II.T -.-INr tl,c (• I,,i^.~,|„.|- nt
' ".''"■ '";""'^ "" "''i''i' "•'ii'''' '■!' I.i> ;ip|-iiitiMrii! than claiuiiii-
'"^" •";'' ^"""-■■'--ii'l' ^vli"ii ill' iii.-.trrr ,vas pr.x-cr,!,. I u it!,.
'''"■" ''"■ ^■•"'' <''iiiiMi..i,.n.T ua> .illi-T |..r- .iiaih i. ,•,■>.•;,! ,,,•
u;i> iv|Mv>,.,ir,.,| l,\ (•,„,,,. ,|. ,|iar uuiil,! 1„. >,„,„. ,",,ti,.,. ,,r hi^
"I'l"'"""""'- ••""' '"I -I '"'iv >M|.|...^iii,,i, ,,rtlii. ki,„|. u,. ,,,i|| ,„„
l""''^"""' f'''" f'l'' I'li-'i'- -ii<l iH.t .1,, ulia- tli-\ ,,11-lir r.
<|0||(.,
Ill lia\ ('
' lif l.a)KT> lirf.iiv ii> v|h,\\ filar rla- cas,
iiitc ln'tmv f||,. (',,
J.
N\;i«- tull\ ciMinircl
"iiiiiil>-i'>iHT-. a lar-r iiiiiuIht ,,!' w ii n, •>..,. ^
'•Naii.iiM.i. aM,.a,K,H.ar.. a,Mr,.>..,l 1 1.- C .,un.isMo,u.r>. ami tun
"' ''"''ii '•I't'l'- tlHMf aaai'd a- (n||,,u< :
1 >i>M|\l, ,;, I ||. ( ' \x \I) \
/ ifrinr, ,,/ I'rinri I'^i I ir, i , i i Ishiiiil.
, '.' '" fli';"iaftrr.,trl,c ai.|.licaii,.i,' ,,r Kniaini,.] M.^Kachci.
f"' •""-"s>,..M.ror|>uhii.. Laink for rl,,. |.urrha^,- , ,f rh- r.taf."
"MiK.Hntr,. Ai.ronia M.livan. ai„l • Tlir Laii.l l»,„Ti,aM. \..r ,,(
'• '•'. rhc'Mini awar.lr.l uimI.t >rrri, „, •_>•; of tlu- slid V.-r !.v n>
ruo ., tl„. ( ,.i.,iiii.HM,n.is a|.|M,int.Ml uiMl.r rlir uvu^ i^on^ A' rli-
■N.i.l Act. i> Li-litv -..,„■ tho.,>ai„l llvr l,ui,.lr,.il dullaix.
■■ 111 ''ll <'l I.I.IN,. KaUDI.KV ( 'lllI.DKI's.
■■•'ollN rilK,.|'|l!l,rs .IknkIN.s.
(\..,inns.;n„vr ii ,,,. ,],.,,.> h„ th- LirKlr.,.,,,! (^nCir.inr. /-, Cu.,,,,-,!.
■' <'ij;il l-il-(.lijui,_ 1,1,
Ml.lifl. I,s7,
Til,, auanl wa^ diiiv |.i.l,li>!M.,l. 7rli S,.,,t,.MilM.,. \ j) isT-.
|:"7'';""".""\f''' --^i'- '•••tl- A.r. Tl„.ai,,Ji.:ari,.nu-a"
;- Ml. ,„.„„,.l M..> Sniiva,,-. A:,.nr. -n r!,.. :l,l „r \.. . .] •
;[;=!:;';■ --'-,.,i,..i had .;,..„ ,.id i„rorh.T,va.n...:;';h:
■ ■■■■ '''''' '""■ ^"li J'li'i i";'t alter toiirtcrii (ht\> iVuiii
<■/' M. /'. /; l.l,n.,l I.,,n<l I'nrrhn.s,- Art. w]
tll<' >(T\|,r m| til,. |,,,li,,.. h,. u,,||l,| .Ar.lit, ;| r, .| , \ r \ ;i , M ■, • to flic
^'""""''^' •!• "•' I'lll'li.' I.;iimI> nl rli- .•M;ir.. .,f M i>> Mlliv ,.,,,. ,1...
|'i-"I'i'i.n.r. whirl, r>i,.,i,. u;,. I, ,,,,,, |nr!i.iil;iil- .l.-cril.r.l i: tl,,-
Imir ><||((||||,.^ ;iiiiic\i(|.
'I'll" (|iir>riMii i^ \vli..[li,T rlh- i'miii-i I. .Inn |,;i,l .i„v aiitlioritv
"'. '"•■''•^" ^|"■ '""I'- ••'•"• 'I'"" '" Ti.'i.i, ii,.. :,u,ir, I. ;,.,,! i,; .iK,-„..i„:,-
''"^ 'I'"'-""" I' '- li.'<-r..;ir\ tM |-,.r..|- t,, ill,. I.-,, I, .,.,.|i,,;i ,,t t||,. \rr
uhi.^li i.;i. r,,||,,u.: •• No ..lu,.,,.,! n,;„|,. hv v.i^l CMMiiiii.-,. uirr. ,„•
•'"> f^^" "• ''l":i' >l';<ll !"• Il''iil "!• .|.M.|,|r,| (,, 1„. //,/•,,/;,/ ,,!• roni Ini-
"".'/ '■"'-■". ■/• /-/"l- /y//;.///,,//;/7u||;,|.,,r\..r. I. lit til. ■>M|.|V1|, ..(',, HIT
AvA\ ll.'lVr |.n\\vr. on lllr ,.||,,,|iri,li,,|| o|' , .j f 1 1, T f I M •(•,„,,,, | i^.j ,„„ ,,.
"' ''"I'l"' I.MII'U <-!• tilc ].!•(, pi-i.tMl' tM l-rlhlt h, ill,. (',.|llllli>>i,MHT>
:iii\ awanl ul,i,.|i .|,;,|| h.-.v,. |„,.,, ,,,,.,,1,. |,, ,|„.,,, ,,, ,,„.,,.,., .,,,^
■/■/■,//•. ////-',///.////// ,,)• ,,;;,;..,./,,// iiiiidc iiilli, ir .nni,,i I *|-M\i led ;,1\\ :i \"s
tlmr Hlch .•.|.|,lir;iti.ili to til,. Nii|MCilir C.Miri t,. iviiiit >ii,-|| :i\\;n-.|
ty tllc <'Mlii||,i,vi,,||,.|s.vA,,// /„. ,„,,,!, n-ilhn, thnl.l *A/ ,v .-iftiT f|),. |,,ll)-
'"'■'"'"" fl"-i-''"'f as :i|or,.>.-ii(l ; and prM\ i,l, ,1 tuiTlicr. iliat in cas,-
any siirli award i> f(sni(r.',| l,;,,.k n. ili.- ( 'oni!ni>HMii,.r>. tli.-\- s|,,.||l
''•'^"' '"" |'"W'M- ro iv\i.,. nnd iv-..\,.,.||t,. the >ainr. ;iii,i tlicir
powers >liidl not l.c li,-ld to iiaw ccaM.,! 1,\ rr;i>on oft iit-ir cxrciit-
II1-- rh.'ir lir>r award, and in //r <:i<, sli.tH'nnii ,ii,i,r.il Ii.- iVom anv
such awai-d. citlicr to tli.' >n|.ivini- Coiirr, thi' Court ot" ( 'haiiivrv.
"rany .ithcr i-'-al ti'ihuu.al. nor shall any su.^h award or tli.|.ro,-,.(.iN
iii,iz> Ix'lorc Mich ("ouinii^sioi...;-, h,. rrino\rd ,ir taken into or in-
'I'liivd into 1)\ Mny ("oiii-f Ky Cnhnrnri or any other pr.M,.>.. \mX
with flic exception ot th.' aforesaid |.ow,r niven t,. vu,'h Siipreiiu'
Court to remit hack the matter to M|,-h Commi-ionei-s. llnir .i>n,nl
shall l)e hlinlnnj, i'ii„il and . <'tirl„.<irr ,„, ,ill p,irt;,s." Could an\-
more emphatic lan-ua-c he u>ed to >how that the L(-i-,|atnre iii-
reuded that tlie award should !).• •■ l.iudin,--. final and ^'oneln^ive
"II all partio." and >lioiild not !.,■ In-ld or deemed to he iii\alid or
\<'id for anv I'easoi, \\li:it-oe\ ,r '^ On the ap]>licalioii to the <'ourr
I'ch'wcertaiu facts w,'i>- stated l.\ tiie a-viit of M i-^ Suli\ an iu
Ills atlida\ it. ( )iu.. that in Sch,.dide li. theiv is a farm alle-vd t,.
i»e;;iac!-e< purchased hy AiiiThur IJamsay on Lot Hi. \\!ierea>
l>aiii-ay had piirclia>ed M acres. tlii> hcinl:- .")() acres more than
.Mi.vs .SiiHi\an dainie,! r. own or deiiiaiide(l c.)iiipen>ation for
-• 'j'at ill llie lo.lMHi aci-es (daillied to he con\c\,.d to the Coiii-
Ullssioneis hy the 'IVll^tc,. ihc-e i> included 1 I ( M l"a,.r,.^ , „, |^,,t Hi
Mel, I II III li .i' \
■.■.t\. :■.-.. .\^
iitii iiii'i'
.1 ...1
\ 1 t' i ii i i
agreement rli<' lamK owne,! I)\- Mi^s Sulivan and for which she
(hi tin- I*. K Ishnxl Lin I Piiirlnisr A<'t.
•l:\
she oiijL^lit to hiivc iii>|.Ii('(l sooner. She lui-lit liavc Mi)))lie<? ac-
cordiri.ir to the terms of the statute, she has (h-liheratelv chosen
not to (h) so, she niusr therefore al)i(h' h\ rhe consecjiienees.
As I uiKh'rstand the JH(l;r,„ent ot the Court Ixdow, the
uiatter in tlieir view was in-operiv hcf u-e the Coniinissioners, it
was within their jurisdiction and" tlicy were tuUv autliorised to
deci(K' on all (luestions arising:' in relation to theuKiuirv and de-
cision they were to make. The ohjecfion is that they did not
decide matters which they on-ht to have decided and that the
award is void hy reason of that (U-fect, thouirh if the j)roj)riotor
hail applied within the :\0 days the award miuht have l)een re-
mitted to the Commis>i()ners to correct the error or omission.
It is not pretended that alter the ;;o days the Court have the
power of scttini: aside this award under the statute nor am I
awai'e that they ha\'e any pcculiai' powers conferred on them h\-
local statutes to interfere when the I.enislature has declared that
an award shall he final. I understand that the Court helow
proceed on the Connnon Law i-inht (,f the Court to review the
decisions of infei-ior trihiuials and to see that thev i)ro[)erl\- carrv
out the i)o\vers and authority vc^sted in them. Not that tliev are
a Court of ajjpeal to review the conclusions at which the inferior
tribunal has ari-i\('d. hut that they can if that tribunal has not
done all that it should have (hme/declare void its decisions. The
tnore l<),nical coin-se to be taken uikUm- such circumstances would be
tore«|uire the inf-rior tribunal to do what it ou;.dit to do and that
was what the L;'i>-islature authorized the Court to d). \\\\x in
this case I do not think any such riuht existed in the Court be-
low. The Statute emi)hatically declares that in no case' shall an
a])peal lie from any such award either to th.e Sujireme Court, tiie
Court of Chancery, or any other leual tribunal. Xor shall any
such awai'd or the pi'oceedjnus befoi-e such ('onimissioners l)e i"e-
moved or taken into or in(|inred into b\- an\- Court b\- ci'rlinr'iri
or an\- other pl-ocess. but with the exception of the power of tlu'
Supreme Court to remit back the matter, theii- award >hall l)e
Itindiiii;- final and conclusixc on all j)ai-ties.
If a power o|' a Sui)erioi' Court to re\ iew or set aside an
award or decision of a s;i""ial ti'ibiuial can be taken awa\- 1)\- Act
of i*arli;nnent it >eein> to me that the woi'ds in thi^Statute ouiili
to !,,■ held to do it.
In Kieliai'd-. /v. South Wales nailu-a\- Co. 11 duri^t. Pa--.
It
1.1
1 t V HUM
I.
i I
1 :-- !
u*.i ii ii L lCi.i
•24
.llldijlinilt nf llir Sil jH I iih (\illlt dj ('illl'd/'l
t}i:ir the writ (oi' err/in, ■,ir/) u;is taken away a- to all |irnccc(liiiL:s
iiiidrr fli" acts, (wliicli iic rctfiTiMl to), this rule tlicrct'orc caiiiiot
!)<■ made ahsoliifc unices if di-tiiictly apih-ars that in the [.rocccd-
in-js tIic Shci'itr and the .lui'\ ha\r ^ik(■n upon thcniscl\cs to dc-
cidr (HI a niarrcr on which liifv had no inii><lieti(Mi. \\ hen that
is niadt' our the Statiirorv prohilution docs not applv and the
inherent jni-isdiction of tills Court is unrestrained. > * * *
There i> liowexcr a lii'eat di«-]io>ifioii to e\ade elanses in Acts of
Parliament wjiieli take awaN' the rci-linfuri lUi the alleged exeess
of' dnrixlietion and we teel honnd not to yield to attempts of this
kind nnles-. -iiex- rest on ver\- 'eai- and sari>taetory Lifmnds.
Ill tlu' Colonial W-awV of Australasia rs. Williams, ."> I..1M'.
C. W'l. the tollowiiiL:' lanL;ii;ii!c i> nse<l in the deeision of the
Jiidieial Committee of the l'ri\y Coniieil : ■•There are numerous
i-a>es in the hooks whieji estaMi-h that, notwithstanding' the priva-
fi\c in a Statute, the ( 'oin't of (^hieens I Jen eh will ;j'rant d rrrtmi-'iri.
hut ^ome of those authorities estahlish. and none are inconsistent
with the prop.osition. that in any such case that Court will not
(plash the order reiuoM'd. e\ce[!t upon the ground either ot a
iiKiiiii'i'^t (li'i'ict iif inrisiUclii'ii in the tribunal that made it. or ot
manifest fraud in the party procuriiiLi" it :" and at pauc !">'* the
followino- i> ii.x'd ; *■ The Court of (Queens iJeneh. ii-lmsi- rjirr/sr
iif this jijii-i r Is if/srfrf/diiiiri/. would certainly not (pnish an order ot
an inferior Court upon the ;i'rotind of fraud, unless the fi'aud were
(dear and maidt'est. "
Here there is no defect of jurisdicTion. and it is not pretended
that there is aiiv fraud. l)Ut. as I iuider<rand the ar^nmeiir. it
was lu'u'ed that all the jiu-isdiction was not exercised, and that is
a defect of jurisdiction. The\ wvvv to consider and award on the
matters referred to in the 'JSth section, and not havin;^- done so,
t!ie whole proceeding is \(tid.
After uixinii' the matter m\- hest consideration. I ha\c ar-
ri\c(l at the conclusion that the Leui-hitnre did not intend that
the Commissionei's shotdd find, as specitic lacts. the hicts and
cir(aun^fance> mentioned in the I'Sth section, which they were to
take into their con>i(|eration in otimatini:' the amount ot'c'impe'i-
■«ation to he paid to a proprietor for hi- iniere-t or riuht in an\
land.
It' it had hciii intendeil the\ should llnd >pecific;dl\' on each
of these points. I think ditlerent hiULinaiie would ha\f heen used,
and il' the ('.airt thoiii^hr some kind of deci-iou nece->ar\' on the
(hi tfw P. /•;. lshni,J r.dnil Piiir/nisr Art.
25
points, they could have rcfc-nvd the award hack to the Coimiiis
sioiiers for that purpose. In any view it does not seem so phiin
ii question ot want (.f exercise ot'jurisdiefion as to justitV settiu<r
asiile the award under such a Statute as this. ^ " ^
The object of this .section 2Sth h( in^; to aHow tlie (^)MMIUs-
sioners to fake evidence on all tiies- subjects and luivin-:- all these
matters and the evidenc-' ivlatinu' to them before them and seein*'-
that the dechiivd object of the Legislature was to pay every pnJ-
prietor a fair indenuiity or e(pn\ almt for the value of his interest
iind no niore in the land to be i)urchased; all this was to l)e taken
tito consideration and then they were to award under section 2()
the sum due to the proprietor as •• the c()mj)ensation or [)rice to
which he should be entitled by reason of being divested of his
land and all interest therein and thereto." The pai)ers before us
sh()w that the matn-rs referred to in the :2Sth section were i)rou,<rht
before the Comnussioners, except, perhaps, those relating to the
conditions of the original grants. It is said that, as Miss'Sulivan
was one of th" parties referred to in the Act of 27 Vic, chap. 2,
she was not a party affected by any decision of that (piestion.
After hearing the evidence, the Commissioners made their
award. They say, in express terms, the sum awarded under the
2(;th section of the Act, is $,Sl,.j()0. Is there any reason why we
should presume they did not take the matter into consideration,
wdiich the law directed them to do before they made their award ?
They were to make the award after hearing the evidence. This
of course implies thev were to considiM- it, or it would be useless
to offer evidence. On the contrary, ought we not to assume that
as they could not j)roj)erly mak(! an award under the 2i!tli section
unless thev considered these matters, that thev have done so y
In iirittain r.v. Kinneard, 1 Brod. and H.. \). 4oO, Dallas, C.J.,
said f )rmerly the rule was to intend everything against a stinted
jurisdiction. That is not the rule now, and nothing is to be in-
tended but what is fair and reasona!>le ; and it is fail* and reason-
able to intend magistrates will do what is right.
It is fair a»id reasonable to j)resume that the Commissioners
did what was right. It is a fair and reasonable intendment that
they did wduit the law recpiired of them, unless it a[)pears on the
face of the award that the\- did not. The proceedings before the
Arl)itratoi's show that these matters were discussed before them;
and the only reasonable conclusion is that they must have taken
^r.
I iKlijnhiit of llh' Sunn nil' < "Uri n/ < iiiiiiiii
III the \ icw tli;ir I tiikc, tlu'ii. the awiii'd oiiu'lit not to liii\t'
Itci'ii set a-;i(l('. 1 lie Commissioner.^ wen' not re. jiii!'('(l to rind
>|)('ciHcally on the iiiiittci's tli('\- were to take into consideration
iindi'i- rlic L^Srll section, and the |)resnni|ttioii is tlie\ did take
them into coiisi(h'rati()n.
I lien, as to t!ie necessir\- of (h'scril)inL'' the specific hinds as
to wliich they nnuh' the award, sunnose the\' ha*', in tlie award,
descrihed hind- that Miss Si'li\an did not own. or hinds that were
not ' ai)h' to he purchased nn(h'r the Act. wonhl their rindinuf
hi.'id aii\ one not a part\- to the award':' If is not preteii(h'(l it
worhh Tile < 'ommissioner notiried Miss Siil'van he inten(h'd to
j»uivli;is,' nil her township lands, that heiuLi' tlie kind of" hind re-
ferred to in the Statute wliich he was authori/ed to pui-chase, ■: '
it was coiicerniiii:- all these lands the award was r.ade. FiU
money has l)eeii paid into the l*ro\incial Treasiirv. and repre-^i-nts
a these lands. When those chiimina' the m^iev are hrou'jht
betore the Coiiri. the\- wi'l decide to whom and in what jjropor-
tioii the money is to he paid. I*i 'nut fur'n' it is Miss Sulivati, and
those who contest liei' i-iufht mi!>t show how their claim oriuimites.
1 'le rindiii;.!' of the Commissioners could not in ati\' way deprive
tuo pa -'ies of i'iL>hrs which arose ( ut of matters in which they
and Miss Su""\aii wk^w alone concerned. The Court mliiiit say.
' tne Commissioiiers took a cer ain ^i.'w. it would be-only fair
as b. 'tween i.idMduals 'iiiu the other pa:"^ies should have a ci'i-
tain sum, but the Court wo(dd not necessarlh' be bound to ^-ake
that o;- any jiai.'cr'ar \Iew. The who'e mat'.er is ojteii to them,
and when the j.ar^ies are before t!iem thev will dispose of their
r 'ill's J s they show them to be Mere sjjeciila'-ive •'•tficrl'^ies
(Mi'.;ht not to be \('iy sei iouslv considered \\hen tlie party su^ir-
gesi! i^i' them had an oopoi-tunity of having them all settled, but
d"d not (ho.se to avail her.-i-lf of it.
1 do not consider the describing of the j)ro[)erty in the
deeds by the Public Trustee a transfer of their authority by the
Commissioners. There were certain lands, the value to be paid
for which was the subject of their tMi(|uiry. What those lands
were seems to me easily ascertainable, and if the particular maps
in the descrii)tions cannot bi' identified and thy conveyance is
held void for uncertainty, I fail to see how Miss iSiilixan is in-
jured by that, or why slie should concern herself with it. It
seems to tne all he)- township lands, and her interest in them,
and in the rents were properly ijefore the Commissioners, anl
( » flu I'. /•;, lsh.i.,l L<Uiil I'lin-lmyr Arl.
il
tlu'V have awardcil iier all tlie coinpeiisatiun she is entitled to
for thciii. The anioiiut so awarded has been paid into the trea-
sury, and 1 see no reason why she should not iret what she is
entitled to out ot it. Why she should eoncern herself ahout the
eonveyanee, unless as it may allect her interest, is not so a|)j)ar( nt.
If this conveyance included any of her land not liable to be pur-
chased under the Act. she might then say she was interested as
to t'iat and insist upon its being put right. She might ap[)lv to
the (Joint to ivstriau the conveyance under the ?)'! section until
it was corrected. 1 fail to sec t'.iat the omission to describe the
land in the award is a ground for setting it aside. The Trustee
is to execute a coiveyance of the estate of the [)roprietor. If he
executes a deed of proi)crty. not a i)art of her estate, that canin)t
l)rejudice hei- nor any one else as far as I can see. It has, indeed,
been suggested that if it was her estate I he conveyance gives a
[iriiiKi I'dcii' title, and if ii s([uatter on the estate were suetl the
Land Commissioner, or pmchaser under him, would onlv be
obliged to show^ that title under the conveyance b\- the trustee,
instead of tracing the title I'rom the Crown. I would hardlv
think a Ct)urt would set aside an award like this on that ground
alone.
The money was awarded under the section for the lands of
which Miss Sulivau was di\ 'sted, and they were all the lands
of 51 certain descri[)tion, cjf which she was pro[)rietor in the Is-
liind. As it was not necessary to describe them in the notice I
fail to see why it is necessary for the Commissioners to describe
them in their award. If she had devised all her township lands
in the Island and tlied, it is not doubted that such a description
would carry to her devisee all the lands of that description in
the colony It is urged that the form of deed appended lo the
Statute nnd\es it necet<sary the lands should be described by nirtrs
and hall mis. The section o- says the deed nmii be in the form
and if a clear and iiitelligil)le descri[)tion were gi\eu without
iiK'tcs -Mid ho'i lids I do not think the deed would be imperative.
It seems to me that the words of the 2()th sec. of the Act
authorizing the (Jo umissioners to siunmon and examine witnt sses
upon matters submitted to their co i^ideration, " and the facts
whi<h they nniy re(iuire to ascertivin in order to carry this
Act into ellect," taken in connection with the "iSth sec. mean
the facts and circumstances thev are to take into consideration
in order to nuike their award, and they could not do this unless
I?>S .1 mlijiihiit of th*' Siijti( nir C'ciirf of faihidil
thi'V had power to exaiiiino witnesses as to these tacts. That
eaiuiot mean all the facts necessary to carry the Act into ellect
as I'ar as the action of others is concerned. Much must be left
to the Court to ascertain when they are called upon to distribute
tlie money, nnd as the Commissioners were not called upon in
any view to lind specially on those matters referred to in the
2.Sth st'c. 1 do lot i'ink the words referred to in the 2Uth sec.
compelled them to do so.
Take the converse of the case betore us, supposing after the
time for moving to rct'er the cise back to the Cjmmissioners had
])assed and alter the money had been paid into the treasury, and
an a})plication had been made on Miss Sullivan's behalf to the
Court for an order to pay over the same, then, for the first time,
the Co'iimih'^ioner of Public Lands had ap[)lied to set aside the
award, because he would be embarrassed in discharging his duties
under the Act inasmuch as the Commissiorers had not found
si)ecially on the matters referred to in the 28th section, would not
the answer have l)een : '• You had the knowledge of th - award
and its contents long ago, you have delii)erately chosen to let the
opportunity i)ass of having the alleged errors corrected, and you
must now work out your rights under the award as you best can ;
Miss Sullivan has had a certain sum awarded to her, bv your
notice you claimed to purchase <i// her township lands, she has
been awarded a sum for her interest in those lands and she ought
to have it." If this would be the proper answer to such an ap-
plication a similar answer to Miss Sulivan's seems to me equally
just and proper.
I have not met with any case where special provision was
made for the correction of errors or omissions of the tribunal
created by the Statute, and where the ))rivative enactnu-nt was
so strong and emphatic, as it is in this Statute, when the Court
has felt justified in setting aside the awanl of the inferior
tribunal.
Undor such circumstances, on an ap[)lication like this, I
think that the declared intention of the Legislature ought to be
respected and the ])arties should be left to assert their rights in
.some other way than l)y asking the C.'ourt, on an application
such as this is, to declare the award invalid and void wdien the
legislature has said it shall be binding, final and conclusive on all
llfirtleS 1ini('«S ilUlinriul illt.\ ill flw» rvTiimor- i\v/^o^i.; Iw>,] l.>. +l>,-v
i T i • • • i:: •_::•_ iiiiiiiii-- i ^/ ; '_ .t-._ i ; : ;\.; vt tj \ liit;
Act, and shall not be intiuired into by any Court on certiomri.
(hi tin l\ /•;. I sin, 1,1 L,n, I Pinrhas,' An J9
If either ol" the parties to tl)e award liiid a diniciilty in ob-
taining all the henclits umler it to whicli they chiim to be en-
titled, tliat is a iniitter which may be said , to have urisen eitlier
from their own delib Tate act or want of rea.-ionable care and
attention.
The ai)j)ell".nt in this matter does jiot anti('i{)ate difticiilties
of a serious character as far as his ])art of the ca-se is concerned.
If the respondent (inds a ditliciUty she ought to have taken the
steps thiit were open o her to have it remedied.
The case may be briefly summed u[) as follows : — After
considering what lias been l)rought before us relating to the sub-
ject we are not satisfied there is a Co>n-t of htst resort in the
Province of Prince Edward Island other than the Supreme Court
from whose judgment this appeal is brought, and therefore the
appeal is properly brought directly to this Court;
Secondly : That by the Statute passed by the Island Legis-
lature, and which they had a rii^ht to pass, the award of the
Commissioners could not be (|uash((l and set aside, or declared
invalid and void on an application made to the Supreme Court,
but it could have been remitted back to the Commissioners in
the n-anner prescribed by the 45th section of the Act. The ap-
plication for the Rule in the Court below not having been within
the proper time nor according to the provisions of that section,
the decision of that Court is against the express words of the
Statute and cannot be allowed to stand.
fluDGE J-^ITCHIES DECISION.
Mr. JusTiCK Ritchie : I think this appeal is properly before us.
It was admittetl en both sides on the argument that no evidence
could be discovereci of the establishment of a Court of Appeal
either by Charter or Patent under the Great Seal or by any
statutary enactment, nor could it be discovered that any such
Court has ever sat in the Island. The ol)servation of Lord
Brougham in the Cambridgu case nuist therefore, I think, reftr
to the clause at that time usuallv inserted in the Roval instruct-
ionn to Colonial (lovernors authorizing the Governor in Council
to permit and allow appeals.
I think this was not the estat)lishment of a Court, because
..l,,r.». ...nf Iw..,; f .r t'.o- ^...iriii.r fli.if tlio 1-1 ^\\'■pr tn (><hl Ull.SIl
+ 1
Courts cannot be granted bv the Crown by instructions or
;;0 .hnliiiiK lit of tin Sninrinr ( ',>nrt nf' ( '.nnn/n
ntlKM-wiso than u...K'rtlK'(;.v:.t Seal, l.nt it is nitluT. 1 tliink,
;,„ rxrvcise cf tlir Koval i.v-ro-ativr in fiirtlKM-ancc ..I i\w "i-l.t
.,f thr (Mc'cn t.> iv.vi;^ aiul luMr app^'als tVoin Co ...ual Courts,
t.v whi.-li tlK' (i.K-rii .liivcts that ht-toiv roimu- to hor .lir(M-t the
./^ ^,.n;,„t ,hall (list .-o to h.M' ,v|..vsontat.VL' in (ouir-i im
til!' Colonv A (iovcnior without iiistnictioiis to that Hlect has,
it ai.lR'av ^'to me, no auth..rity to entertain sucii api^'als, and no
sueh instnu-tions exist at pieseni. Ifth.-Queen s ,ei..esentat.ve
witliout instn.rtions w..u|(l have no snch powe.-, much less wouhl
the ollieer of the Dominion (loveniment. I <lo n.)t think it can
he ^aicl that there is either ,/r jnrr or <ij):rtn any Court ot appea.
un the Islaiul, and therefore 1 think the matter was appealahle
to this Court iVom the Supreme Curt a hem- the nii^hest curt
of tiiial nsort in the Island.
It was I think,rh-arlv the ohject of the Legisleture to provide
for a speeclv final and eonelusive decision hy the Coinuussioners
of all (piestions referred to them, and to make their award
•' linal, bindinu- and e.melusive on all parties.' At the same
time it wasobvi.)Uslv the desire of the Le-islature to secure to
the puhhe throu-h the Commissioner of Public Lands and to the
proprietors the means of having the doings ot the Commissioners
reviewed and anv errors they may have commitLed correcte. ,
any omissions su'pplied and anv infornuihties or detects cured,
for accomplishing whicli the Co:-mi.ssioners were placed, as it
were under the immediate supervision of the Supreme Cimrt ol
the Island, and readv access to that Court was atlorded by the
simple api)lication either of the Cotnniissioner oi Public l.ands,or
Tlie Proprieiors. and to enable the Court when its aid was invoked
to see that right was done, ample power is given to remit the
awards to the Commissioners to correct any error or mlormality
or omission, provided the application was made withm the time
limited, and on such award being remitted to the Commissioners
full power is given them to revise anrl execute the same.
The statute lirst declares that -'no award made l»y the said
Commissioners or any two of them, shall be held or deemed to
be invalid or void for any reason, defect or informality whatso-
ever;" and then provides a suitable tribunal lor the correction
of anV '• ernn-, intormalitv or omission,"" and declares that in no
case s^hall any appeal lie from any such award either to the Sup-
. 1 ,< . ■•/'! .,., . oflw.i- 1..I/1I tribunal.
reine UouiT, ine v^uu; i Oi v^iiaiiVA^i ■, •>-•: ^----j ••• " "^ i /i
nor shall anv such award or the proceedings before such Commis-
(hi III' I . I'.. I-I'in<l L'Uxl I 'in. ■/„!.<. All
31
sionors 1, • nMnuv.,1 or t.ke.i int.. nv in.,.nnMl into l,y :u.x 'U. t
1 V (Wllinniny anv otluM' pro,-.,-, an.l rts .1 to ,Mvv.nt thr ,.o.m-
te section olMl..AK,.l-t.M- hnn.tln.s nunut.^ tln.s..u-nd^^^
..hut will, ilu-exrq.lw.n of the Mton-.n.l p .wer i-Mven to .. h
S lnuM:.HU., to t.Mnir lurk th.. n.at.r to sn..lM,on.ms.^^^^^^
,l,.i, ,,,,ml shall 1.' l.nulin,.. linal .u.l ^•■"-l-'— ='>.!'; ';
I, ,,„„, ,,. a.ni.Ml th.t the L..>shmnv l.ul th. I-- ' ' / ,;
with this <nhi."rt an.l if it rhos.' make the awanl ot the -on -
^ '.ners;;nal,anan.osteert:nnlv.tha.lthen^
, (;,,„, ot review linal in the Isla.ul so tar as »»-; - ^'^ ^
Mar, I were oncvrnea. Cniihl they have seh-eled anin. suit
ble\nh:;,al than the Supreuu. C .u.t, th. (^ .u.t to^w^^^^^^
ordinarve.nanustanees. hdon;:s espee.allv tt-;; < ^^^ -T^^ ,^.
in- ihenr H-etMlin-sof themfenoi- tnhunals ..I the Island iiu
ae rv dhv reallv was n.erelv to ^ive the Supreme (.,urt a
; s !nnl!;v and an.pU' .iurisaiaion to enahle it -•- spee_ .^^
,.ul e'VeetuallV lo .leal with tt.e UMuer tree iron, the teehnu alitie
v. , s n.l ros/.Wlv eosis incident to the ordinary mode ol
^It :- t .is ;va. the intention of the Legislature as trjnn
the St^ uTe 1 father it ;o have heen. I a.n at a oss o eonee e
V at l^^l'-.a^e could have bee,, used to ^^^^l^f :^rT\^^
lungrageofthe 40th sec. of the Land Purchase Act ot
does not do it.
In .he case of Nawah of Suvat. Moore PC. C.. p. 88 a.i
Bn.ce. Lord .luslioe si'.d;
"TlK-ir I„.nlsM,,s ar. of opinion tl.it the int.nUouul ^
:,: aL,vtK,n. ,1,0 .,Uninis.,a,ion and a.s.r.lm ,on o V «ab >
f'-
1 , • I
property, oiii lu ■^ii'-i
....,,, fl..,t tl..- administration and distiiDu-
32 .hnhini. lit nf Ih, Siijii.nn Ci.int nf ( ',iil'i<I'i
lion slioiild not Itt' jiidioiiilh (|Ucstion«'(l.
It HM'Mis, lit' savs. an anomalotis and extraordinan proreedmi;
to vost powers oV tl.isd.'sniption, not lial.lc to lu' rlieclu-d hy
nnv ordinarv <-omsi' of powers of hiw in any individual or m any
ImuIv : Imt the Indian Lr-islatnrc had power ..ViT tlu- property ;
the'v ini'dit, in tli.- exercise of that power, whieh is inherent m
Le-ishition, have -iven the wh..le property at once to anv
stran-i-er. or devoted to any puii)()se. and whether with moral
idsticV or not. is not the question, '.iistead of dom- that, they
do what, to their Lordships, appears suhstantially the same thin- :
thev vest the power ofdealin-- with it in a particnlar individual
or a particular hody. and declare that its acts shall not he lial)le
lo he(iuestioneil in any (' .urt of L:iw or Eipiity.'
How dilVerent is* this case, in view of the CNi-encies and
necessities of the Conntrv.the L(>,-islatnre compels proprietors to
sell, no douht in manv cases a-ainst their will, and makes pro-
visil)n lorcompensaticm to he estahlished hy disinterested parties,
and not hv parties whose acts cannot he ju.licially (luestioned.
it (mlv pnnides that if such acts are .[uesthmed it must he hetore
a particular Court, within a specitied tine and in ii specihed
manner.
1 have heen nnahle to discover, alter most careful investi-
oatiou. th.-it the Commissioners have in any way dealt with any
matter over which their jurisdiction dii not • xtind, or. that m
dealiiK-- in matters over which they had jurisdiction, they ex-
ceeded^'in anv way that jurisdiction. The only (inestini the
Commissioners had linallv to detei mine and award ,vas m the
words of the statute " the sum due to the pr jprietor as the com-
pensation of price to which he shall h.> entitled hy reason ot his
heing divesteil of his land and all interest therein or theieto.
The provisions of the Act as to how they were to proceed
and what they were to take into their consideraiion to enahle
ihem to arrive at a just and proper conclusion were di-
rectory thouirh m)t the le^s ohli-atory on them a.id which
if thev ttailed to r-'irird, ninple remedy a-* we have seen
was im)vided. Lt is not shewn that they did not do every
thiiiL^ that they were reipiired. to do, and did not follow the di-
rections of the statute in every particnlar; hut the complaint
s "Cins to he that this does not ai)pear on the face of the award,
linf if thev did not do as thev were re(iuired, or if they did and it
^.hould haveappjared o^ the face of the award, which 1 by no means
I
i
( „ Ihr /'. /■: !^iin>l l.'iinl I'lirchn^. .\rl.
ra
\
\
:.">.•■„. is '■'^--;;-:r;;;i;r!;;;:';;;ij:;'::::«;,;'';:.:;:::-
■luilliiv till- cri-oi- .n-..iMivsi..ii. iii.'^i.l.in> '"
. I .,.. ,..r,.n-...l ;muI ill>.'"l|"l'll'' '" ''"'"■
* .. ,- ,1 .(• ,,. <.nnuT II 1 iin I l,itllil> ■11111
tli« 1.11"! I'lailiux A.I. 111. ,. ,. \ Siilivnii. liuve
-"-■ ':"■ ','"• '""•'■';"•;",;,..: -i , Tliis. „ s lis
-"■■''v\:'t;;:,:.:;',,;.Vv :i.ii:..x...u,i,in..,ii.,-,..i....i,.. ..-,
;;;;;::•: :;::!;i:;:oi,.r..,,ii.i.......-,.i.,..^
u, li.. ,i.iisu,.,l liy ;'.;'■■;' '^'"„,:;'-|,ev ,-. 1.1.1 -l.i|.i ■■'■ -t; if
,l,e «tir.i«. Il»t ' 7V ,'...;.. ,|H. ..iii,l- ...,m-.t«l or
,|,ey ili.l iii.t .-l..."-- '",'^t, ■; i^-l^i.il .■.■..■x.--.lt,..l ill tllc
,„„i,sii.n s,1|.1.1um1. 1111. ii»i'" '" '\|„ ' , ,„H...„ tlH.lii liv 111.'
"""'^' '"■^■•^'■'"'^f '"" ;;::;■ ,f :::: 1 ^ -ivii ;., i.hui,...- ti.c
|;,K HI .•1.-1U-. lotion:- .1. I. .. (, •„,i„„e,..s ..ii-, .11- li.i- Hi.y
uiiaoisuiuil.siiys sollo. . '[)]'''. „„ to tl.i,- Supren.o
reason von live Jis.siitislio.l «itlitln •"■;."' ^„„i „ ., ,1,„
0,.n,.,;vi.Sinii.o,.,a.,n,,u^
,l,e iiiutUT to tlio ^•"»"»';;^""";'r,-."' „i noi li tlie S.,l.ro„ro
"^ Tlle;or:;-e''l'-Vl.ink the itiljiiili-ixtion of tlie Si.pi-ome Coi,.-t
was ,To™u'.te,l, una tlieir jn-l^.a-t mnst lie veve,..e.l.
tlmi tin.- Siipiri.ie Coni-t of I'nn. .^ r..iv.a: .1
■;i .fnihiiii, III nf tin SiiiiniiH' ('nint of < 'niidilil
Court <.l l:i-r icx.rt. li,i> not Ixcti <ii>t:rnic(l. tor tln' followiti;:
ivj^oiis : It" ;iii\ ;i|.|H'|l:it.' Cmirt i\i^t> ill fli<' Isliiiid. it mil^r owe
it- oij.j-in citlirr t.. ;iii Iini..'i'i;il Art ot rarli:iiii<-iit. il Statute^ ut
til" Ulaii.l L.-ji-latiiiv. (.1- t.» I,ctt.r- I'at.iif uii<1»t the (Jl-«'iit Si'iil
,.t til.' I'liitcd Kiii-dmii. (M- '.t tlir Ulaiid. It jii<icr(i, a Coiirt t'X-
crci-iii'i :i jiiri-dictioii l.\ way <>f a|.|.cal. which \va> mikiinwii to
fh.- (• iiiiiii -II hiw. ciiuld l».'"( rcatrd othcrwi-ic than hy Statute
Nm .!|c'i S'atiitr can l>c shnwn to have hi-cii in c\i-«tciicc, iUid tio
Letters Pat. 'lit coiiterriiiL; such a jiirisdictioii arc ii<>\y extant ; hn'
rhis rca>nii, and thi- reason only. I think the ol>jectioii tails.
A- iiuard> the incrif-. 1 a-rce on "all points with tli<' jiid,Lniiciits
of iii- I.or(Ulii|) the ('lii<-t du>ticc and my hrorhcr liilchic.
(ItiDOE Jaschereau's P I c I s I o n .
Mr. .Irsini; 'r\sciii:i;KAr: The tacts ot the case have already
heeii stated 1)\ in\ teai'ne(l hrother .ludu'cs who tunc ju>t c.\-
j.rc.x'd their o*iiini"on. and I will therefore ah-tain from n'Hectiii;:
the. 11 I shall neither incntion the ol)jccti» » made on the part of
Miss Siilivan to the ri_dit of appeal <lr >>/''■>. in this case, from
the iudunicnt oftln' Supreme Court ot I'rincc Kdward Island, ou
the i:rouiid that the same appeal should have hecn, iti the Hrst
instance to the (ioNcrnor in CounciK as a Court ot Krror and
Appeal, and fhe:ic(' to our own Court, viz., the Supreme Court ot
Canada .\s it has lieeii clearly slicwu, no siiih Court of Krror
and Apjieal exists in the Islan'd. and. therefore, tiie appeal was
riiihth Itroii^iht hefore this Coiii-t. the jiid^iuent complained of
hein-'reiideivd 1)\- the Court ot last re.sort in T. K. Island. liut,
(•online- to the merits ot the case, I say that the respondent had
no rieft. Mich as she claime«l in the Court helow',^ and such as
the s;,)iie Court eiitertaiiieii. that is to -ay : to set aside; the award
made 1)\ the CommissioiK'i's appointed under the Land Purchase
.\ct. In?."), statiiiiithe amount ot money to l)e paid to resj)ondent,
Mi>s Suli\an. as proprietor of certain township lan(l>. The
^rounds on which the re>])ondeiit l)ase(l her motion to set aside
the award were on account of jiretended irretiularities and in-
sntticieiicx in the woivlini: of the award. Looking at the te.xt of^
tlie Act "in question, wt- tind. at section 4, that the amount of
ni(-iie\ to he ]iaid as an indemnity to any sueli proprietor, shall
l)e tound and aMcrtaiiied hv three Commissioners, or any two ot
them dulv a])i)ointed ; no toini of procedure is indicated, and it
seems that the duty of tiie Connnissioners is purely and simply
I hi llh I II U'lui/ /.nil/ /'iiii'lnis, .1./
n5
liinitctl to tlif ;i\v;ii(l ol' iiU :iiiioiiiit ;is mm in li'imii t v. iiii'l ii f.ict
tlu'V wciT ;intl u'st'il ;•> iiroccnl ill a siiiiiiii;ir\ w iiy , w it lioit
oven it'i
liiciiii
llic i'\ idciit'i' t'» wi'iiiiii
It
!><
,lU » ti) '»t'
ohservcil tli.it 1>\ sctioii l"» ut f p- Liml Act in «iii-siini, it
is providt'il thill -mi no <• i< ■ -^liill ;inv mummI li.- Iroin micIi
iiwiinl. I'itlitM- to the Suprt'int' <'<iiirt. tin' Co iff of ( lliunciTV, or
!iny oIIkt K-,n;il tril>iin;il. nor shall ,inv nidi awwA or th.- i)io-
(;ee(lin"'s hi'tbrf siicli ( "oininis-fioiuM's he i-i'inovL-d or tnkt-n into,
or inquired into hv iiiiy (Jourt hv ( %'rlin;in n|- :iny othi-r
pnx'css; hnt," luiirk thi^^. " th.- Sn|.rt'im' Conrt shidl Inivo
power, on application ot' either the ( 'oniniissioner of I'lihlic
Lands or the i»roprietor, to imiit to thf Commissioners any
award which shall have huen made hy them, to correct any error
or informalitv or ommission made in tiicir award, provided
alwavs that anv such a[)pli«'ation to theSni)i-em" Court to remit
such award to the (.'ommissioners shall he within thirty days
after tiie puhlication thereof; and |)rovide(i, lurtlu'r, that the
said Commissioners shall have [)ower to revise and re-e\ecnte
the same."
T think th'.'ahove enactment of the '"Land I'urchase Act '"
clearly indicates the intci.iion of the L ;<j;islature as to ccderity
of action and proceeJinirs, as to denial of any revisi )n or appeal
as to avoidin-r a multiplicity of proceedinj^s in the law courts,
and as to the correction and revision hy the Commissioners
themselves alone of any defect or inlonnaiity duly pointed out
to them by any of the'parties within tiiirty days fr.m the i)ro.
mnlgation of the award. Now the thirty days had elai)sed he-
before any of the parties in the terms of the Statute lodged any
complaint. I infer that the resj)i)ndent is now estopped froni
lodging her complaint before a (^ourt of Justice unless section 4o
above referred to means nothing and should be looked upon as a
dead letter. The language of the section seems so clear and so
energetic that 1 can st-e no way of eluding it. it is true that tht
.Judges of tli»i ('ourt app»;al(;d tVouj have (juoted a nund)er ot de-
cisi(nis having some bearing on the i;ase, but otheivs ot (Mpial
strength can ^l)c found to sjiow we (M)uld not interftire and set
aside'~su(^h an award supp;)rted by a section so formal as the 4.')
section of the Land .\«'t in (piestion. 1 for one wouhl not \u. dis-
posed to set aside the law, (which is clear and positive \„ \x^
terms) on the strength of decisions whose authority is destroy, i
by coiitrary ruiings.
30 Jua.jnnnf of lln- Snprmn' < 'n>ui <>/ ( •ann,hl
....that tin. >u,nvnH- Court of I'. Iv 1>1..mI h.s l---/;' '''^ .
n.K.s .u.l .v.Mllmuns not inconsistent u.th ti.c P'^^ ^ ^ j .
Art. tor th. Vurpos. ot tnon. .tn.c.tually c-arry.ntr out '" M^ *
HH.ntsoftlJA.l.nn.Msnythat U ,s not sn.nvn ^l-t :u -
n.p.lations In.v. !.■.-. u.^^y autl.or./n.n' all tlu- torn.s ot [.kh u ,1
in- rl;iinu.(l in r(.si.on(lont"> l)ri''t. r,, , ,
n„rwhat.li.ltlK. ConnnisMon.rs omit to doV !*> jU-r a.•(■
in their .wa.-cl on th. nnm.rs nu.ntio,..a u. the 2sth -tion
,,„, j^„„i l.„,,haM. Art of 1S7:> an.l therein vin.heate.l as to I
,,U.,, into eon.i.leration hy then, in e.nn.at,n<x ->;"1-'-';';; ^
,,,,,i,t,>rsv An attentive perusal ot that seet.on 1'=;- ' ; ^
,,. that the su-e<tions therein eonta.neJ :..v '-'[V') ^ . ^
f;,, their investip.tio,.. an-l. as it was verv wel sanl n. ^'P^ 1* ' ^^
tartun. were intended .nerely .s '..mns t. h,hnhr C--''-- '-; ' '
th.ir >nui to n ,'n,il ronrlnshnu an(l_ that the mention ot details was
not a neeessarvinuredieiit in their award.
In arriviim- at their awanl the Coininissioners nuist he pre-
sumed tohave'taken into th..ir eonsideration all the suir^estion>
,.,„tained in the Land Purehase Aet. and this under the ^.^^
eonunon rule of law. onn.i, i>n.snn, nnt.r rilr .t solmnnf.r^ artn.
The Commissioners, hv the Aet in .,uesth.n. are put in ihe
posithm of juries. It is not. either, evident fhat all the deals
, i,,l ,,v the respondent ean easily he .vacdie., ami i . he ot
.-hat .reaf use would it have been for the respondent, it the ou-
misshiners had eate^orh.dly allu.le<l to eaeh of the m^^tt's t
faet mentioned in the 2Sth seetion V None whatever, tor Im-
port was ti.uil to all intents and purposes, it eould not he M '<-•";
;,a „, anv wav nor reversed. Th.' respondent, it desirous o k o -
i,„.. h,.,: tru'e position, .-au easily a<eertain it: the impo. .u.
taetsbeino- verv few in numher. her number ot acres ouanuiteed
and her rights to arrears of rent not atteeted.
All the presumptions are a-ainst the n'spondent and s.. is
,1,, law of the ..as<-. She did not eomply with the law. she did not
eon.plain in due time (and she had ample time to do so bu a -
,.,ved hera.lversarv to ,e>t in peaee ; sue does not avail herset
the onlv elheient pVoeeedin- point...l out by the >tatute : but an
after th'o.,.ht lead her to adopt in the ( ourt_ beh>w _t e proeee. -
i,., alluded to. I eouMder the respondent is not riii-htiv .etou
this C.Mirt. and. a> one of its members, I am not disposed to .l.s-
t„ 1, the awanl of the Con.ndssioners, for the reasons mentioned in
(hi tlw I' /v. i-^hiixl l.'iiiii /'iirr/nisr Act. 37
tlu. ruir ,./W,ur:inr.Ml l.y the Supiviur ("ouiT of Priiur Ivhvar.l Is-
lunil. I would, rhcrclorc. maintain the anpcal.
jIuDGE folJRNlEf^S PeCISION.
(Transliit.'il tnun t'lu FreiK'li.)
Mr. JrsTicK Fouknikh : The lirst .luesi ion is-has this Court
iurisdiction to hoar this ajtiR'ar: i,. i),Mn,.o F<1-
The KespoiukMit contiMuls tiiat it has not. In Inme il..i
ward Inland there was a tril,unal alter the Supreme Court am
superior to it, consisting of the (^overnor-in-CouncU to v u
applic-ation should have heen made b.tore bringing tl e sent
•DDeal She bases her contention on the provision ot oui Act.
^K'dedares that no apeal shall lie to this C^nirt, except tn.m
thedeci-^ionoftheCmriof last resort m the Province wlieiut
the appeal comes.
The numerous documents cited by his Honor the Chief
Jusiice. and the historical researches made, ..r the purpose ot
a^certainimr the existence of that Court, have on y had the resu t
of demonstrating, in a very positive manner, that «;'^; ! /; ^': J
buiial, consisting of the Governor-in-Conncil, as a Court cu Appeal
for Prince Edward Island, does not exist and never did exist.
Therefore the appeal Is well laid. That point being decided,
the question re.nains to be determined, whether the resi>ondent
on brinoinu- the matter before the Supreme Court ot 1 nice hd
war sFand by r,..//....;, should have had the award ol the arbi^
^iloi-s, of whLi she complains, set aside. In the proceedings o^
the Sup.ome Court, the respondent gained her application and the
award v>as set aside.
But the Act concerning the purchase of hy^ds on Prince
Edward Island, -Fhe Land Purchase Act, I8T0 contains jm
express provision taking away the remedy ot ^ ,rtnnn> m oide
::;:nteit tl. vaUdit, ot the procedings of t u. -^^^ra .n. and
substitutiu"- a special course of procedure. Ought not he re
spon e tcrhavihad recourse to the special remedy pointed on
Tthe statute in order to guard herself against --takes^^^
omissions, which might slip into the proceedings ot the ai-
bitrators.
^■^8 ./ni/i/iili'i/f of till- Siijiiiuih' ( 'oitli nf ('(linli/d
Not having seen lit within the prescrihed time t<» resort
to the only remedy pointed out to her hy the hiw, >he ought
not now to comphiin of the hiw, if slie does not succeci! in having
the decree of the arbitrators amended.
Moreover, I am satisfied, like my honorable eolleagiies. thnt
the formalities pres<'ribed by the Law have been eomi)lied with,
and that the respondent hns no re^l grievan<?e.