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Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont filmte en commenqant par la premiere page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en te-'minant par la derni^re page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un dea symboles suivantn apparaitra sur la derniAre image de cheque microfiche, selon le caa: le symbols — ^ signifie 'A SUIVRE", le symbols V signifie "FIN ". Les cartes, planches, tableeux, etc., peuvent itrj film^e A dee taux de rMuction different:. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un saul clichA, il est fWrni A partir da I'angle supArieur gauche, de gauche i droite, et de haut en bas, on prenant le nombre d'images nAcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants iiluatrent la mithode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 MA N"UA.L CONTAINING "THE CENSUS ACT," AND THE INSTRUCTIONS TO OFFICERS EMPLOYED IN THE TAKING OF THE FIRST CENSUS OF CA^Itsr AD A, (18 7 1). DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, (Census Branch). OTTAWA : PRINTED BY BROWK CHAMBERLIK, Printer to the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty. 1871. hereir and si the fo rccogi 2. '\ }>roced _ at whi m shall I / ■J I ANNO TRICESIMO-TKRTIO VICTORIA REGINJ^. H CAP. XXI. Au Act respecting the First Census. [As,sent('d to Uth May, 1870.] ER Majesty, 1 >y and with the advice and consent of the Senate Preamblo. and House of Commons of Canada, enacts as follows : 1. The first Census of Canada, to he t^ikeu in the year 1871, VVhiit»luiUb« hereinafter termed " The Census," shall be so taken as to ascertaiu *8o«rtiwnad and show, with the utmost accuracy possible, in respect of each of Jh^owrw'*^ the four Provinces, and of each of the Electoi-al Districts and other recognised subdivisions thereof, all statistical information which can conveniently bo obtained and stated in tabular form, touching — their population and the classification thereof, as regards age, sex, social condition, religion, education, race, occupation, and other- wise,— the houses and other buildings therein, and their classifi- cation as dwellings, inhabited, uninhabited, und(!r construction, and otherwise, — the occupied land therein, and the condition thereof, as town, village, country, cultivated, uncultivated, and otherwise, — the aggregate valuation of property, real and personal therein, — the produce, state, and resources of the agricultural, fishing, lumbering, mining, mechanical, manufacturing, trading and other industries thereof,— the municipal, educational, charitable and other institutions there 'jf, — and whatever other matters may be H{)ecified in the forms and instructions to be issued, as hereinafter is provided. 2. The details of sucli information, the forms to be used, and I^^t^'K })rocedure to be followed for the obtaining thereof; and the period proceduro^a at which, and date or dates with reference to which, the census be such m the shall be taken, — wliether generally, or for any specified localities, ^^^vernor in rt'(iuiiing to be cxco])tionally (lealt with in any of these respects' aS'^ ^^^ Proviao. —shall be such m the Governor in Council by Proclamation shall direct ; provided always, that such period for taking the Census shall not be later than the first of May. aS^^ ^^^ Minister of Agi-iculture shall cause all such fonns, and to prepare* *'f ^ ^^^ instructions which he shall deem requisite in respect of the forms. Census, to be duly prepared, printed and issued, for use by the persons to be employed in the taking thereof SundUo° t V\ ^r''™^'" '" Council, by Proclamation, shall divide divide each ^^" ot the four Provinces into Census Districts, to correspond as Province into nearly as may be with the several Electoral Districts under " The tHcts"' "Biitish North America Act, 1867,-'— but subdividing any thereof, or adding adjacent territory to any thereof, or grouping together any thereof or any parts thereof, wherever such subdivision, addition, or grouping may be deemed convenient,— imd forming all other territory not comprised within an Electoral District, into so many and such Census Districts as may be deemed con- venient. And the Census Dis- tricts into (Jensns Sub- Distriots. 5. The Governor in Council, by Proclamation, shall further divide every Census District into Census Sub-Districts, to correspond as neariy as may be with the Municipal or other recognized divisions thereof,— but sub-dividing any thereof, or adding adjacent territory to any thereof, or grouping together any thereof or any parts thereof, wherever such sub-division, addition, or grouping may be deemed convenient,— and forming all other territory, not comprised within such Municipal or other divisions, into so many and such Census Sub-Districts as may be deemed convenient. ^ZerTor r,-^,' ^}'^ Governor in Council shall appoint for each Census each District, -L^is^^rict, one Census Commissioner. when S-" V ^ i^,^^y case where it may be deemed convenient, there may sary. "^ y^ appointed by or under authority of the Governor in Council, in such manner, and with such relative powers and duties, and such share of emoluments, as shall be laid down by Order in Council, one or more Deputies for the purpose of aiding any of such Census Commissioners. Census Sub- District WerXi M-*-- J^^'p f"^^ u ^PP^^^^f^' ^.y or under authority of the for each Minister ot Agi'iculture, m such manner and subject to such rules " , jn that behalf as shall be laid down by Order in Council one or more Enumerators for every Census Sub-District; and in every case where more than one Enumerator is appointed, the powers and duties of such Enumerators shall be such as the' instructions of the Minister of AorirmlfnrA aliali Qac,ir»r. 4-^ ,.„^i, „.i,„xi j. • t^naPy or otherwise, J \ 9. I iof fom several f ^ 10. Enume the mg formed, 11. and cai utmost he is Y record that sui sioner i respect! require! 12. and sat duties : inaccur concern their a requisit concurr under o same, t( Agricul tions isj 13. ' and re( discovei obtain, deemed complet the reqi records,- laid befc tabular accurate 1 14. ] employe ;in the i f jor lor re matiou shall I the Census ti fonns, and espect of the use by the shall divide orrespond as under "The any thereof, ing together subdivision, :md forming district, into eemed con- irther divide )rrespond as sed divisions ent territory r any parts ling may be ^t comprised »y and such ach Census , there may in Council, duties, and y Order in ling any of rity of the 3 such rules ncil, one or id in every the powers instructions .„Xl J. • Minister of Agriculture to cause forms to be diatri- buted, Coniinis' sioners to instruct and oversee Enumerators. 9. The Minister of Agriculture shall cause the requisite supply of forms and instractions to be duly distributed, through the several Census Commissioners, to every Enumerator. ^ 10. Each Census Commissioner shall further see that every Enumerator under his superintendence thoroughly understands the manner in which the duties required of him are to be per- formed,— and uses due diligence in the performance thereof 11. Every Enumerator, by domiciliary visits to every house Duties of and careful personal inquiry, shall ascertain, in detail, with the Enumerators utmost accuracy possible, all the statistical information with which j? ^^^'"'^ *^® he is required to deal, and no other,— and shall make an exact '^'''"'' record thereof, and attest the same under oath, —and shall see that such attested record is duly delivered to the Census Commis- sioner under whose superintendence he is placed ; the whole, in all respects as by ijhe forms and instructions issued to him shall be required. 12. The Census Commissioner shall examine all such records, Oommis- and satisfy himself how far each Enumerator has performed the sioners to duties required of him,— and shall note all apparent defects and ^^"'0* *^' inaccuracies m such records, and require the several Enumerators Enumerators, concerned therewith, to assist him in respect thereof — and with ^^^^^^^^^^^i*' their assistance shall correct the same so far as may be found a?ttstef ™ '^ requisite and possible, noting always whether such corrections are concurred in by them or not, and shall make return,— attested under oath, of his doings in the premises,— and shall transmit the same, together with all the records in question, to the Minister of Agriculture ; the whole, in all respects as by the forms and instruc- tions issued to him shall be required. 13. The Minister of Agriculture shall cause all such returns and records to be examined, and any defects or inaccuracies 3 discoverable therein to be corrected so far as possible, — and shall obtain, so far as possible, by such ways and means as may be I deemed convenient, any statistical information requisite for the due I completion of the Census, which cannot be or is not obtained with I the required fulness and accuracy by means of such returas and I records,- and shall cause to be prepared, that the same may be ' laid beforg Parliament, with all practicable despatch, abstracts and tabular statements shewing the results of the Census as fully and ,; accurately as possible. Duty of Minister of Agriculture in examining Returns, and causing them to be cor- rected and completed, and laid before Par- liament. ^fk or for enquiring into any matter connected with the taidn^ uf the Census —betom entering on Mh duties, shall take and ■subscribe an oath binding him to the faithftil and exact discharge of Hudi duties in sucli form, before such person, and retunie.l and i-ecoided in such manner, as by Order in Council shall be prescribed. 15. Any such Census Commissioner, Enumerator, or (jther fal«retun., If f"n employed in the execution of tliis Act, maldue H ;ie ault in any matter required of him by this Act, or making any m..Iemeanor. Wilfully alse declarati^m touching any such mattei-, shall be guU y ot a misdemeanor. & * \> Auy wilful neglect, or Census (Joni- ini«si<)ners), and others, acting under this Act, to have ftcceas to imblic records etc. Penalty for refusing such 16. Every person having custody or charge of any Provincial Municipal or other public records or documents, or o/ anyTSs or documents oi any Corporation, from which information sought by the Census or which would aid in the completion or correction Wiereof, can be obtained, shall grant to any Census Commissioner. Enumerator, or other person deputed to that end by the Minister ot Agriculture, reasonable access thereto for the obtainino- of sucli intormation therefrom ; and every such person wilfully o?mthout wJ^fnl "k"? "^^"^^ or neglecting so to do, and every persoi» wiUulIy hindering or seeking to prevent or obstruct such access oi- otherwise in any way wilfully obstructing or seeking to obstruct any person employed iii the execution of this Act, shall be 'ruiltv ot a, misdemeanor. * -^ Slg\o rll ^'''y i^'T? "^'^ ^'1^'^^ly ^>'- ^^thout lawful excuse, mfunan? f.^^f "^ neglects to hll up, to the best of his knowledge an.f Sehe r('(|uisit( I I 21. . 1 Agi'icuH I authoris I or remo ' employe atiy Cen iiiotifyin, instructi >f the si of such I was sigi 22. I be a fori forth an person ( form, or have be producir instructi 2;i. 1 liouse, c uid havj #ind sign Ills abse futficie»< ith the taidiig* ^all take and cact discharges returned and be prescribed. tor, or (jther iaking wilful r making any shall be guiltV y Provincial, f any records, lation sought or correction 'ommiasioner, the Ministei' ining of Hucli! y or without 3very persoik iich access, oj- J to obstruct tail be ffuiltv I before anyone Justice of the Peace having jurisdiction in the I place where the offence has been committed, on the oath of ihe I prosecutor or of one credible witness ; and one moiety thereof I shall belong to the Crown for the public uses of the Dominion, and I the other moiety to the prosecutor, unless he has been examined las a witness to prove the offence, in which case the whole shall 'belong to the Crown for the uses al\>resaid, 20. Whenever the Minister of Agriculture deems it convenient, he may, by specialletter of instruction, direct any Census Com- niissioner, or other person employed in the execution of this Act, I to make enquiry under oath, as to any matter or matters connected f with the taking of the Census, or the ascertaining or cor-^ecting of I any supposed defect or inaccuracy therein ; and such Census Com- missioner or other person shall then have the same power as is vested in any (^ourt of Law in civil cases, of summoning any party ! or witnesses, of enforcing their attendance, and of requiring and \ (ioinpelling them to give evidence on oath, whether orally or in writing, and to produce such documents and things as he deems rofpiisitc to the full investigation of such matter or matters. Aliuister of Agriculture may direct enquiry into matters con- nected with tlie Census : Powera, etc., of the Oonaui Commig- sioners or other person r.nking such tjiiquiry. vful excuse,. 3wledge and 'ed to fill up execution of v^er back or — or makes, id, delivered ;ter specified lot less than s or neglects on. requisite )r pertinent Enumemtor it, shall, for er, incur a llai-s. overed in a ler, Enume- t this Aot, 21. Any letter purporting to be signed by the Minister of Certain Agiiculture, or by his Deputy, or by any other person thereto ^f**«™ *"'^ authorised under Order in Council, and notifying any appointment b^^lSa/a,^" or removal of, or setting forth any instractions to, any person evidence of employed in the execution of this Act, — and any letter signed by appointment, any Census Connnissi oner, or other person thereto duly authorised, '■^'"•'^'*'' '^^'^■'' notifying any ai)pointment or removal of, or setting forth any instructions to any person so employed under the suijerintendenc'c! (if the signer thereof, — shall be, respectively, y>rpointment, removal, or histructions, and that such IcttiT was signed and addressed as it purports to be. 22. Any document or paper, wintten or ])rinted, purporting to And so of h(! a form authorized for use in the taking of the Census, or to set ?'^™*'' f*?^ forth any instructions relative thereto, which is produced by any "'" ''"''*^**"*' j]>erson employed in the execution of this Act, as being such form, or as setting forth such instructions «hall be ])resumed to ihave been supplied by the proper authority, to the i)erson so Iproducing the same, and shall he prinid facie evidence of all instructions therein set forth. 23. The leaving, by any Enumerator, at any house or part of a Leavings house, of any schedule purporting to be issued under this Act, *°^»*'^'^1<' l^y ind having thereon a. notice requiring that the same be filled up £""fg*^5i-"^ ind signed within a stated delay by the occvpant thereof, or in ciont; requjrc- liis absence by some other member of the family, shall be n, ™'^'^*' ^'^ P'^ #utficie»t requirement as against such occupant, though not named "^ *^^ ''*'^®" H ill such notice, nor personally served therewith, so to fill up and sign 3uch schedule. 24. The Minister of Agi-iculture shall cause to be prepared one or more tahle«, setting forth the rates of allowances or remunera- tion for the several Census Commissioners and Enumerators employed in tlie execution of this Aci, not, however, to exceed, in the aggregate, a total amount of three dollars for each day of proved effective service for any Enumerator, or of four dollars for each day of like service for any Census Commissioner ; and the same, when approved by Order in Council, shall be laid before Parliament, on or before the first day of March 3871, if Parliament be sitting, or if Parliament be not sitting, then within the first fifteen days of the Session next ensuing. { 25. Such allowances or remuneration shall be paid to the several persona entitled thereto, in such manner as the Governor in Council shall direct ; but shall not be payable, until the ser- vices required of the person receiving the same have been faithfully and entirely performed. 26. Sucii allowances and remuneration, and all expenses to be incurred in carrying this Act into effect, shall be paid out of such moneys as shall be provided by Parliament for that purpose. 27. A, full report of all things done under this Act, and an account of all moneys expended under the authority thereof, shall be laid before Parliament within the first fifteen days of the next Session thereof, ard of each Session thereafter, until such time as all things requiring to be done under this Act nhall have been fully completed. 28. The word " house" in this Act includes all ships, vessels and other dwellings or places of abode of any kind. 29. Nothing in "The Canada Civil Service Act, 1868," contained, shall De he^i a)))ilicable to any appointment, employment, or service, under this A<;l 30. The first twenty -four Sections of the Act, Chapter thirty- three, of tlie C*onsolidate»>r required, and may b« 3«t forth as done or :'6quir«>nf as ot the necessity there is to limit the number of the 'questions r I 10 Such facts, if of sufficient importance to be recorded, must be obtained by special enquiries, wliich may be made in connection with a census, but yet separate from the general schedules. Such ai-e, for instance, medical statistics, comprising the appearances and prevalence of diseases, the hygienic conditions of tenements and pubhc places of resort, the study of the relative proportion of infirmities, insanity in various forms, kc, &c. Such, also, are detailed trade statistics, comprising shipping, railways, canals, &:c., &;c. Individuals and localities have their own preferences and their own special interests; but, in every case, it must be remembered, that the census operations are intended to deal generally with very broad information, and that, therefore, many interesting products must l)e left out of the schedules. Products of great importance to particular localities, may appear relatively insignificant, when viewed in connection with, and simply as forming part of the entire products of the country at large. To take every detail, and make every enquiry, is an impossibility. As regards property, real and personal, values are not to be taken by the schedules, except in the case of manufacturing industry ; where, as a general rule, a simple enumeration of quan- tities and kinds would not give an accurate or intelligible result, and would be impossible because of intricacies and multiplicity of details. In other cases it is obvious that if values of property were taken in the schedules, the valuation must always be set down as given by each interested party. Enumerators are not assessors and cannot be made to act as such. No reliance could safely be placed on values so taken, nor would there be uniformity even in the same locality; as the experience of the past has proved. It IS, therefore, better on all accounts to ascertain values, except tor manufactures, not by (piestions put tlirough the enumerators, but by careful enquiries in reference to average market prices and otherwise. Whatever plan is adopted for taking a census, wliatever are the enquiries jyroposed to be made, and whatever care is bestowed m preparing the schedules or filling in the answers, there will still be difficulties to be met, and defects found in practice. These must be recognized, and overcome by the best attainable means. Ihe success of a census depends upon obtaining an honest return, winch shall be as accurate as possible, of the facts asked for in the schedules ; and this success is dependent on three conditions the absence of any one of which w nild render the result of tho whole defective in a proportionate degree. These desiderata are — lat. The ad(»pti(.n of a good Hvstem. with an honest, iutnllifron* weil-instructed and paiu.'staking administrative staff. ^ ' \ 11 must be onnection es. Such pearances enements jortion of also, are 8, canals, Qces and must be to deal re, many- Products elatively imply as rge. To jility. 3t to be 'acturing of quan- le result, )licity of property 3 be set are not ce could iformity I proved. i, except aerators, J prices, ;ver are estowed ere will These neans. honest sked for iditions, of the liderata 'llinrrnf o > 2nd. A good election of honest, intelligent, well-instructed and painstaking enumerators. 3rd. An honest, willing and painstaking people to answer the questions put to them. Census operations are more difficult on this continent than in many European countries, on account of differences of social organization and administrative machinery ; and further, on account of the different proportions of territorial area to population. More painstaking apjilication is, therefo]-e, required in this country, on the part of the census officers of all grades, and a more active aid on the part of the people at large. CHAPTER II. The System. A series of nine schedules has been adopted, on moderate sized sheets of paper, with only twenty lines to write on each page ; each schedule being devoted to a particular class of information. The facility of handling, writing and com- piling thus obtained, has permitted an increase of the num- ber of headings of enquiry, witliout adding unduly to tlie time necessary for taking the answers to tiie questions put. The schedules, arranged in order, will be placed in a portfolio, to be easy of carriage, as well as easily liamlled, affijrding facilities for writing in the answers, and for com])iling from them. The schedules aro explained by this Manual ; in which are given, (illustrated by a sot of Specimen tilled Schedules), remarks upon almost every column, and instructions intended to aid the officers to overcome the difficiilties which necessarily arise in practice. These Specimen Schedules are siMi])ly intended to indicate the manner of filling iip the Working Scliodules, and t(:» illustrate the way in which the Census is to be tak(>n. But there is no intention of conveying by them any idea of the ratio of things, such as ages, sex, births, deaths, establishments, kc; nor any relation between tlie localities mentioned at the head of ca(;h page, with the imaginary facts entered on the ]):igir ; the whole being sin ply for example, and not for showing any connection, except in so ai as is indicated by the references from one schcduKi to an(;ther. The schedules will l>e conmiunicateil tit the j)ublic in a condensed form, some time before the taking of the census; in order to allow every one to acipiaint himself with the ipiestions wiiicli he is compellt-1 by la-.v to answer, and to }>rcpare himself, whether by v nting down oi- charging his memory, or by 12 fi„T'r'^''?,°.®''?''^''*™ •'<""' «<'1«*<1 from the Dominion vi^ • of them "'P'"'"'^"* '" t'"^ t«^-it»'™l division aligned toS the^orkfng 'ft'h a" statem nf ""j P^' '"'°'"'y ^'-"Ji^^' ""'1 offieer conne^cted wi h h c"„su wlu t fi,' , '"^'™^«7. -e^^ task when the day comertorke it ^ ^''^P"''"'' *^»'' '''^ the sub.district», but also tie lin, ts spe'aivto^^ ! '"" T^ eaci> enumerator, a,« 0.- ,vil) be- eareiuliriaU Lwn ^"^ *" ■a CHAPTER in. General DiRKrTioNs. tha?;E iitlwl^C't~"H"'4 ''':*^'"'^ 1 H- l.o,n.lation i„ i-.„.5i.. '. .'i^^.i*. 13 •ator, thus arise from essary for )n, viz. : — 3otia, and rable time generally, d instruc- l require- 3s. They s field of t to each to repre- i to each ^leir con- d with a le census *vith the r to put ruction, dies, and 1, every for his 3ing the ig these liry and Every ivenieiit sus, but \nd for ioner is ot only jned to ition is ijure; that is, the population legally domiciled within the territory of tlie Dominion, and including all persons who may be temporarily absent from their place of abode, whetlier at the fisheries, at sea, or in the forest wilderness, kc. All, persons are to be registered in the province and particular locality in wliich their home, family dwelling, or place of abode is situate, although they may happen to be in other parts of the Dominion, — in the forest, or at sea, or in foreign parts, on the day with reference to which the Census is taken. In order to make the details of this system of registration very clearly understood, cases that will occur in practice are furnished in the form of instruction, as follow : — Sea-faring men or fishermen at sea or on the coast, lumbermen or hunters in the forest, merchants, or tradesmen, or laborers, or travellers, or students, cr any others happening to be temporarily absent from home and not permanently settled elsewhere, are not to be considered as absent for the purpose of the census ; but their names are to be registered by the enumerator as being present. Therefore, the names of seamen at sea, college students and school children, of the sick in hospitals, of inmates temporarily present in educational, charitable or penal institutions, are to be taken down in their own provinces, at their own domiciles or homes, .and not at temporary abiding places or institutions. In other words, all living members of one family are to be registered as being present at the family abode, unless they are settled in homes of their own, or have left the country with intention not to return. When, therefore, an enumerator finds any person in one pro- vince of the Dominion, whose home or dwelling is in another, he is to be careful not to make any entry in his schedules ; as the registration is to be made in the province where his home is. Servants come under three categories, and are to be dealt with in the following manner : — 1. Those having, or belonging to, families or homes of their own withni the Dominicn, are to be taken with their own families. 2. Those not having, or belonging to, families or homes of their own within the Dominion, are to be taken as part of the families with which they may happen to be living. 3. Those in^settled employment and resident with any family are to be taken as not havi- ^ or belonging to a family or home of their own. Persona having no family abode and no fixed domicile of any kind are, of course, to bo regists^red wherever met with, whether I' v.- -, |?tirriii; lilniituiivma, uF I>iiviii.u liou.seH. Orphans kept in public institutions or private families are, accord- fl 14 ingly, to be taken with such institutions or families. Homeless sick or destitute persons in asylums and hospitals, and prisoners without family abode, or sentenced for life, are to be taken in the institutions or prisons where they happen to be. A Family, as understood for the purpose of the Census may consist ol one person living alone, or of any number of per- sjns livmg together under one roof, and having their food pro- vided together. For example : One man, say a shop-keeper or one woman, say a seamstress, living alone in a separ-' ate house, or m a distinctly separate part of a house, would constitute a census family; but any number of persons livino- together in a boarding-house, several of them being parents* having children and servants, would only constitute one census Jamily, provided they had no home elsewhere. The census returns of Fojmlation and Property are to consist ot the statement cf facts as they actually exist on the 2d day of April, 1871. "^ Return.s which are to embrace a Yearly Period, such as the numbers of births and deaths, the enumeration of products, &c are to be counted for the twelve months immediately precedinL' the 2nd of April. The headings of the columns afford a clear indication of the nature of each category. Therefore, any person who was alive on the 2nd of April 1871 although he may have died between that date and the date'of the enumerator s visit, is to be recorded as if living ; and, for the same reason, infants who may have been born after the 2nd of April, 1871, are not to be recorded, whether dead or alive. The Duties of each class of officers employed are defined by the Census Act, herewitli publislied. The remuneration of commissioners and enumerators will be as settled by His Excellency in Council, pursuant to the 24th section of the Census Act ; no payment can legally be made until rpT jp^ / ■^' ^^*^^^ '^^ completed in a satisfactory manner. Ike Ljtplaimtionit hereinafter given respecting each schedule and each heading of the scliedules, accompanied by the specimen schedule for an illustration, will indicate to the several officers how practical questions are to be mot and solved. The Enumeration, as the law i)i-escribi's, must be taken down in writing by the enumerator himself, he going personally from house to house, and writing in the schedules, in the most scrupulous manner, the answers given to the questions arising out ot the headings, in order oi" their numltcring. The information, which is in every case recorded, must be the definite answer of the person to w^hom the (juestion is put ; and the enumerator is never to take upon himsi^lf to iu^ort a'>vfl.in,, which IS not stated and distinctly acknowledged by the person lo Homeless, id prisoners aken in the Census, may ber of per- ir food pro- hop-keeper, 1 a separ- )use, would sons living ig parents, one census to consist e 2d day of uch as the (ducts, &c., ' preceding rd a clear Lpril, 1871, date of the r the same i of April, led by the rs will be ' the 24th nade until iianner. schedule, i specimen al officers n down in lally from the most irising out st be the b ; and the any tiling he person i giving the information. It would be criminal to insert anybhing contrary to the declaration of such person. _ But it is the duty of the enumerator so far to assist the person givmg the mformation, as to point out to him any apparent error, or indicate any apparent fact omitted. In every case he must carefully read over the facts he has taken to the person from -whom he has obtained them, for checking the con-ectness of his entries. In case of refusal of any person to answer questions put which are necessary to obtain information required for filling the schedules, or of the enumerator receiving any information which is apparently untrue, it is his duty to warn such person against the consequences of such criminal course ; and if it is persisted m, his duty then will be to bring the offender to justice, as pro- vided by the Act. In other words, the enumerator is the recorder of answers to questions put by authority of the Executive, under the sanction of law ; but it is required that he be an intelligent and conscientious officer, not a mere machine ; and his duty is to guard himself and all concerned against errors and frauds. In all cases of difficulty — and such cases will occasionally arise — the enumerator must deal with them in the best possible manner, taking for his guide the spirit of the law, and the general tenor of this Manual. He must endeav^ouv — 1. Not to omit anything of importance. 2. Not to record the same thing twice. 3. Not to exaggerate anything. 4. Not to underrate anything. The very best way of fulfilling these conditions, and fairly and properly pertorming his duties, is for the oiumierator to make a pamstakmg study of his schedules and this Manual, and to thoroughly acquaint himself with all the particulars and peculiar- itios of his division. An intelligent and well-trained enumerator, will, in fact, gen- erally speaking, know beforeliand w]iat are, as a whole, the con- ditions of every family in his division. It is necessary, for the success of the census, that the intercourse of tlie enumerators witli the i)ublic be characterised, on the part of these officers, with discretion and forbearance. Every objection made, or question put to the enumerators, must be met with proper, satisfactory and courteous exi)lanatioiis. Persons having apprehensions, or sliowing hesitation in giving their answerj?, nuist be assured tiiat no information they may give ; and that nothing taken down in tlie schedules, can, by ])08sibility| injure, or in any way affi3ct their standi ul' or their l)Usino.s.s. The enumerator will act under oath, and his duty will be to preserve ii 16 the strictest secrecy, as well with respect to any verbal statements made to him as to his enumeration records. He is not permitted to show, or in any way to communicate these, to any person what- ever, except to the commissioner of his own district, or to the staff officer in charge thereof; both of whom also act under oath, and are forbidden, under any circumstances, to communicate anything therein contained to any person whatever, except to other sworn officers of tlie Department, all bound by the like prohibition. The commissioners and enumerators are forbidden to give any synopsis of the result of the census, or any part thereof, to any one. Partial communication of information is calculated to pro- duce mischief, if not to mislead, and may be made subservient to purposes totally unconnected with the census, and detrimental to it. The result will be given by the Department in a careful and comprehensive manner, at the earliest possible period. It is required of all officers connected with taking the census, that they bring to the accomplishment of their task that dis- cretion generally necessary on the part of all public s-^rvants, but especially so where duties of great trust and delicacy are to be performed. It is further specially required of every census officer, that he is to make himself thoroughly acquainted with the whole matter before his actual work commences. It is not the time for study or enquiry after the work commences, but for action. If an enu- merator finds difficulties after the commencement of his travels, he must bring to their solution his best intellectual faculties, aided' by his previously acquired information respecting census matters ; and he should consult the Manual and specimen schedules, which he must always keep in his portfolio. When commencing his actual duties, the enumerator is recommended to make his first entries with the greatest care, spending more time upon these than will be subsequently required. In case an enumerator meets a difficulty of a special and excep- tional character, he is required to make a short notice in the eolumn of remarks of the schedule in which it occurs, explaining the manner in which he has met it. All documents sent to the officers, commissioners and enume- rators, are, in their nature, ■private, with the exception, of course, of " The Census Act," and such as have been publif^hed in the " Canada Gazette." r-« W 17 statements r permitted jrson what- to the staff r oath, and e anything bher sworn bition. en to give reof, to any ed to pro- servient to imental to a careful od. he census, that dis- rvants, but r are to be that he is Die matter ; for study [f an enu- travels, he 3, aided by s matters ; lies, which encing his e his first pon these ,nd excep- ce in the explaining d enume- of course, ed in the CHAPTER IV THE SCHEDULES* General Remarks, The nine schedules for the taking of the census, consist of a regular series. They are all to be taken up, one after the other, in the order of numbering, at every visit made by each enumerator. These schedules have been printed on paper of superior quality, manufactured expressly for this purpose, and bearing the water- mark — "Canada, First Census." It is required that the whole returns be made in a creditable as well as intelligible manner, and commissioners and enumerators will see that the best materials of pen and ink are employed in filling in the schedules ; that they are kept clean and in good order, without any folding or bruising ; and that the writing and figures are neatly made. The schedules will be delivered to each enumerator in a Port- folio, and they are not to be carried anywhere without this. After use they are to be returned to the commissioners in the same order, in the port-folios ; and the commissioners, in like manner, are to deliver them in the portfolios to the Department, of the archives of which they are to form a part. As there are no reasons for the enumerators or the commissioners to acquaint themselves with the aggregate results, they are not to make the additions at the foot of the columns of the schedules. The lines placed in these for that purpose, are to be left blank for the compilers in the Department to fill in. Revision and corrections when required to be made in the returns by the enumerators and the commissioners, conjointly, as provided by law, refer to statements attached to each of the details inscribed, and not to the general results. The nine schedules are to be paged separately, each one being marked page 1, page 2, &c., in regular order to the end, without interruption, each by itself Schedule No. 1 will, of course, contain a much larger number of pages, and Schedule No. 2 a much smaller number, than any of the others. Any error committed (but with proper care there should be none or very few) or any omission made, should be corrected or supplied by drawing a faint ink line through the eiToneous entry, and any correction or addition must be supplied by writing in an interline. There must be no erasure of any kind, nor yet any such obliteration of any enlrv made, as shall render the same illegible. 18 Every entry must be confined to its own column, and the writing or figures of each answer are not to interfere with any adjoining space in the schedule ; the figures are to be entered in regular rows to facilitate compilation. The enumerator must himself, in every case, go in person toevery dwelling or industrial establishment in each district or division at whichenquiryistobemade. Every heading of every schedule, with the exceptions hereinafter specified, is to be read over at every visit. The enumerator is not to take for granted that any person addressed can only supply answers to the questions arising from the headings of part of the schedules. He must, with the excep- tions refeiTcd to, ask every question. And for proof that this requirement has been systematically fulfilled, it is ordered that an entry be made at every column in every case, whether negative or affirmative, in the manner hereinafter indicated, and as illustrated in the specimen schedules. The exceptions are :— the 2nd, the 6th, and 0th Schedules relating to " Deaths," " Industrial Establishments," and " Mineral Products;" which may be laid aside without making any entry, on ;,he answer " No," being given to the question whether any death has occurred in the family during the last twelve months ; or whether there is any "Industrial Establishment" carried on by' the family ; or whether they have lands or mines yielding " Mineral Products." But, in the case, of " Industrial Establishments," it must be remembered that many farmers or others have attached to their ordinary industries, a lime-kiln, a saw-mill, a tannery, iSic. ; and, with respect to " Mineral Products," that the same class of persons are often engaged in quarrying, or other mining operations. If a boarder has any industry, or produces anything himself, entirely separate from the family in which he is domiciled, a separate entry must be made of his products; but if he only works with tlie family, there must only be one entry. In other words :— Schedule No. 1 will contain as many lines written as there are living persons recorded ; No. 2, as many lines as there have been deaths during the twelve months; No. 3, a« many lines as there are families and public institutions met witl ; Nd. 4, as many lines as there are families visited ; No. 5, the same ; No. (), as many lines as there are industrial establish- ments visited ; No. 7, as many lines as families visited ; No. 8, the same ; and No. 9, as many lines as there are persons met with, who have been carrying on any mining or quarrying operations. As soiiie abbreviations are necessary, and others convenient for saving ^ time, it is requisite that some rules should be given jespecliug them ; — I 19 m, and the I'e with any e entered in rson to every T division at hedule, with er at every any person irising from 1 the excep- Df that this sred that an negative or s illustrated Schedules id " Mineral any entry, hether any ve months ; trried on by ig " Mineral hments," it ve attached a tannery, ! same class ler mining ng himself, omiciled, a only works inany lines many lines lis; No. 3, itions met ;ed ; No. 5, . establish - id; No. 8, arsons met quarrying /^enient for be given Every abbreviation of one letter must bo by a capital letter, such as M. for male, F. for female, M. for married, W. for Widowed, &c. ; and very carefully written. The negative sign; to be written in every column in which there is nothing to be entered, or when the answer " No " is given, is to be in the form of a dash, written thus — . The affirmative sign, equivalent to the answer " Yes," to a question, will be mad6 by writing the figure 1 in the column ; or, in other words, the entering of this figure will indicate that the person or thing is to be counted in the enumeration. This sign „ may be made for idein or ditto, under a plainly written item of information, and provided it is not carried from one page to another without a repetition of the item. Recapitulation of the conventional signs : — — " Nothing," "no," not " concerned," or "unknown." 1 " Yes," " to be counted." „ " Idem " or " ditto." To fill the columns where the calendar months are to be entered, the following abbreviations may be used Jany. F. Mar. Ap. My. Jun. for January, February. March. April, May. June. Jul. for Ag. „ S. 0. „ July. ' August. September. October. N. „ November. D. „ December. The following abbreviations may be used instead of the full names of the Provinces of the Dominion : — O. for Ontario. Q. „ Quebec. N. S. for Nova Scotia. N. B. „ New Brunswick. The information sought for in this census relates solely (with the exception of the returns of population and deatiis) to the amount; of property held at the time for taking the census, and to the total amount of products of the l;ist twelve months before such taking. Each family, so far as the census is concerned, is therefore to appear in the capacity of a holder of property, or of a producer, or in both capacities ; and as regards production, the quantities given are to comprise the grand (juantit}'- produced, whether consumed by the proilucer himself, sold, exported, or still on hand. A few examples may illustrate this rule : — A farmer report;^ having grown a total of oOO bushels of wheat, of which he has consumed 100 bushels, sold 200 busliels, and has still in haiKl 200 bushels. The whole 500 bushels nmst be set 20 down in the census, because he is not here to appear as a con- sumer, a vendor, or a storeman, but simply as a producer The merchant who may have purchased the 200 bushels, has nothing to enter in the census for this ; but if he is, at the same time, a tarmer, and has grown 300 bushels, he is to report such 300 bushels, as being the producer of them. A manufacturer has manufactured, during the last twelve months, 10,000 yards of cloth. He is to enter the 10,000 yards • no matter what quantity he has sold, or what quantity he has' m stock. ^ J "^ A storekeeper has nothing to enter in any of these schedules as a purchaser or vendor, any more than a forwarder has to enter the goods which he has transported ; but if a storekeeper has produced anything, either as a farmer, or manufacturer, or otherwise, he is to give the quantities thus produced by him, quite irrespective of anything that has passed through his hands as a dealer in products. In every case,in the information relating to pro'ducts or property (with the exception of real estate and ownership of shipping) the quantities must be ascertained and recorded on the spot where they are found or have been extracted, raised or manufactured • with a reference to the name of the informant, in Schedule No l' whether such informant be the proprietor or producer himself or his representative or employ^. i^»vii, The initiatory filling up of the blanks at the head of each of the nine schedules left for indication of the several Provinces dis nets and sub-aistricts, is to be done by the commissioner! and the contmuation of this process, by the enumerator. The name of the enumerator is to be written on the first page of the fir^ schedule of each set, by the commissioner The paging of each book of schedules is to be continuous w^ithout any interruption or interpolation, and without any double Both the commissioners and enumerators are required to return every sheet of the working schedules, whether filled cr not, and whether spoiled or not. The original schedules liiust be returned to tho Depart ^e^f • and no copy of them is to be made. -ueparv r eut , Any deviation from these rules will be a presumption of eiTor n« J nf '7"J^f ^«"^^« f ^d enumerators, in the transmission and use of schedules, are to take all necessary measures to protect them against mclemency of the weather, or from any kind of y'!:V' ^T ^""^ ^^^Z^^^^^' in^^erference, or inspection, by any ot. . V han ilie proper officers. ^ "^ A;.Y'T,t^^ "^^ "^""-^ enumeratois are appointed for one sub- oJ Ll KT^-'f^'^'^T.^^^.^^^'^^^g^^^^ ^^^ «^P^^^te portions of these sub-distncts, as Division 1. Division 9 L ■ on/in v,,-! - . _^ .J t*il\«. ill liny li appear as a con- producer. The ^els, has nothing the same time, a report such 300 the last twelve he 10,000 yards ; quantity he has lese schedules as • has to enter the per has produced otherwise, he is e irrespective of saler in products, lucts or property of shipping) the the spot where manufactured ; Schedule No. 1, 'oducer himself, lead of each of 7eral Provinces, commissioner ; umerator. The rst page of the be continuous, 10 ut any double [uired to return filled cr not, ' Depart rent ; ption of eiTor, msmission and ires to protect 1 any kind of )ection, by any for one sub- karate portions cj and in his final report he will give a topographical description of each. When, on the contrary, one enumerator is appointed for two sub- districts, separate sets of schedules are to be prepared for him ; one set for each sub-district. The date of each day's enumeration is to be entered by tha enumerator on the last line tilled of Schedule No. 1, opposite the last name registered, and only at the end of each day ; and each such record is to be signed by the enumerator, as per specimen schedule. CHAPTER V. DIRECTIONS CONCERNING THE SEPARATE SCHEDULES. Schedule No. ]. Nominal Return of the Living. This schedule refers to The Living, and will contain the actual population, registered name by name, family by family, taken from house to house. The population is to be recorded as it will exist on the 2nd day of April, 1871. Column 1. Every vessel being the abode and domicile of a family, or on board which there may happen to be any person or persons belonging to our population, not having a domicile on [ shore, or not forming part of any family having a domicile on shore, is to be registered in this column. When registering a vessel as a domicile, it must be ascertained that it has not been previously registered elsewhere. Every vessel is to be num- ''- bered in this column in the order of visitation, as shown in specimen schedule, from 1 to the last vessel so met in the enumerator's sub-district, in consecutive series. If, however, the enumerator is entrusted with the taking of two sub-districts, he is required to act the part of two distinct enumerators, as hereinbefore explained. Column 2. In this column are to be numbered, in the same manner, all dwellings of a temporary character, only inhabited for a part of the year, such as lumbering shanties, Public Works jihanties, fishermen's huts, Indian wigwams, &c, i Colunms 3 and 4 aie to record the houses in construction, and I those uninhabited, as they are met with, — wiiiiout reference to the ■w*f\r\r\>*r^ U^ 22 If houses in construction, o/ uninhabited, are met with in rows, as is often the case in towns, then the recording is to bo written by givmg the number in the row, 2 or 5, as the case may be ; when met with singly by the number 1. CMmn 0. Dwelling-liouses inhabited are to be numbered in this column, in orde- of visitation, in consecutive series, from the beginning to the end of each enumerator's division. There may be several families in the same house; but the house would, nevertheless, only constitute one house, as shown in the speciiuen schedule. A separate house is to be counted, whenever the entrance from the outside is separate, and there i.^ no direct and constant com- munication in the inside, to make it one. CoUrtm C. Everj- family is to be numbered in this column in the order of visitation, in consecutive series, as illustrated in the specimen schedule. Column 7. The names of every living person, belonging to each family (according to the rules hereinbefore laid down) are to be entered in full, in the following manner, and as shown in the specimen schedule : — Jo^es William Mary The family name being first given, and then tha Christian rame. Column 8. The sex is inscribed in this column, by inserting the letter M for masculine, and F for feminine. Column 1). The filling of this column needs no explanation, except in the case of infants under one year; whei) the number of months is to be recorded in fractions, thus : rV> is. l^, &c., up to -i4, as shown in specimen schedule. Column 10. Infants born within the last twelve months, and still alive', whose names are enteivd in the seventh column of this schedule, must be recorded in this column. The entry is made by msertiiig the month of biith as before directed herein, and shown in specimen schedule. Coiuinn 11 explains itself; and the entry must be made by ^rA^l^^^^^^l^ nifoniuition as " England," " BVance," " (iermanyi" " O., " N. S.," .ice., as the case may be. Colum>y 12. In writing down tlie religion, the enumerator must be very caroful to enter the infoiniation given by the person jiuestioned, with precision ; and to b.- sure Mint the denomination 18 well defimd, especially when making u.si^ of abbreviations, such, foiwnstance, as ;ire shown in the speciilien schedule. There are sej.arate religious denominations bearing nearly the same names, and it is not only desirable l)ut neoe-ssary that thoy 23 h in rows, as ' written by y be ; when lumbered in ies, from the se ; bat the as shown in trance from nsta,nt com- s column in ated in the nng to each ) are to be own in the bian r ame. y inserting xplanation, ; number of , &c., up to iionths, and unm of this is made by lerein, and 3 made by Germany," a-ator must till! })erson iioiiiinati(»n bioiiK, such, nearly the that thoy should be carefully distinguished in this column. The enumerators will, therefore, be careful when writing down the information, to do 80 in a manner to show clearly the result desired. In thus recording the religious denominations, it will, in many cases, be necessary to make use of abbreviations to save space ; but in doing so the principal or key word should be sufficiently written, as : — 0. Presb. K. Presb. W. Meth. Meth. N. C. 1. Meth. E. F.W.C.Bapt. for Canada Pre byterian Church. ,, Reformed Presbyterian. „ Wesleyan Methodist. „ Methodist New Connexion. „ Independent Methodist Episcopal. „ Free-Will Christian Baptist. And so on for T)ther denominations which may be designated by a title too long to be recorded in full. Column 13. Origin is to be scrupulously entered, as given by the person questioned ; in the manner shown in the specimen schedule, by the words English, Irish, Scotch, African, Indian, Gorman, French, and so forth. Column 14. The profession, trade, or occupation, must be entered in full, as given. When two of these are united in one person, both may or may not be given ; the point being decided by the importance attachotl to the fact ])y the person himself When sons follow the professions or occujjations of their fathers, and are associated with them, the same description is to be inserted. For instance, a farmer's son, working on his father's farm, is a farmer ; a carpenter's son, in the same way, a carpenter; and so other young men, when studying protessions, are to be inscribed as, Medicdl Sfndrnt, Lain ^tmlcrtt, <(•('.; and when apj)rentieed to trades, are to be entered in a similar way. Young men at colleges, but not school children, are to be entered as students. In the ca.se of women, unless they have a definite occui)ation besides their share in the work of the family or household, the column is to be iilled with the sign — ; as also in the case of children. If th(iy have a special occupation, such as seamstress, clerk, factory hand, tScc, then it sliould he entered accordingly. Column 1 .'), The information is to bo recorded by using the letter M for married, W for Avidow, and the sign — for all others, including children. ColuiHih 1(), is to record niarriageK during tlie \h:-,i twelve mimths, l)v insprtiuLr the uiontli. iu the luaniier I'eforo debcri))ed, and as siiown in the s|)ecimen schedule. With very few few oxco[»ti(ms, this entry will be double each time, the maiTied S4 in«r neadmgs , and the entries therein are to be maSe by the The heading " unsoiond mind " is intended to include all ty^ unfortunates who are plainly deprived of reason. As the enoSiW ^olumn 23. In this column is to be entered any remark which haTe «o IV^^V """ ? general, enumferJtor houW not nave resort to explanations, unless in special cases. This column ex^ll^d.""'" ''^ ""'^ "' '^"^ 0- Aeration, a, herd^JeZ Schedule No. 2. Meturn of Deaths. 2nIof wn'tsTf*!"' Deaths of the twelve months ending the , " "■ Aiiril, 18(1, 18 rendered necessary from the absent in nZ ^gestpartof the Dominion, ofotherreturns. The enumerator nt ^ ""^ P^'*J™>'' '" ™1»»™g "f "•"•■y famly whether any f^gZ :Xf thlVdelH"""'/'''' 'rV*"''™ monthrn^Z given^a^?irl?antUertath.fwSr"™ '"^^"'^ ^^ '° "» schedule deaths, cannot be too strongly impressed The raUo ^^'tuttf^o^Xtr""''^"' '^^' "''^ aecWof ™aS «rtw:,':r.Sh'^A^^^^^^^^ flli;«r / • in'^ntns r is in tlio affirmative; as shown in th« xlrrTs T'"'';.';'i"o'' -/""-'»« with Ci "'' entered he J ■,-^' '.i, ' ■'■ ''' ^' '^' '' '""' '"■ '^'"^ ''"««'<'™ are to be cermng the births of i„/ant, who have Zl durhg the Zl ■it' t i on pn hiui I Scliei ^ lajid. entry n for the wife, explained by made by the ude all those 3 the enquiry the enumer- ist approach nit the entry between the i proves that iimstances is mark which I should not This column hereinbefore 25 twelve months, and persons who have both married and died during the last twelve months, are necessary to make up, with the analogous columns of Schedule No. 1, the total number of births, and the total number of persons who were married during the same period. Column 11. When the death has been caused by accident, or such well-known diseases as small-pox, consimiption, senile debility, &c., there is no difficulty in ascertaining the fact. But, in many cases, it is very difficult to give a definite account of the disease causing death. The enumerators are to do their best, however, to ascertain it, witliout losing too much time in doing so ; and without any attempt to enter into any theoretical medical classification. In every case, the entry should be as short as possible, and general in its bearing. Such entries for instance, as " disease of the heart," " disease of the brain," " disease of the bowels," &c., may suffice, in the absence of more definite informa- tion from a medical source. When there is nothing certain about the disease, it is better to enter the sign — , the meaning of which will be, in this instance, " not ascertained." Column 12. This column need not be filled by any entry, unless there is something to note, of special interest, or some particular explanation to be made, as exemplified in tue specimen schedule. ending the ence, in the enumerator hetherany iths, never are to be id even of •egards the The ratio statistical for every he general use during ^n in the 0. 1. are to be X answers I 9 con- the last Schedule No. 3. ,j Public Infititiifionfif Beat Estate, Vchuies and Implements, This schedule has two objects, which are l)rought together for the sake of saving space and time. One is, to record facts con- nected with the public institutions of the country ; the other is, to set forth the fact of the distribution ot projxn-ty, real or per- sonal, auKmgst the population. The schedule is divided into four sub-titles, namely: — "Reference to Schedule No. 1," " Public Institutions," " Real Estate," and " Vehicles and Imple- ments." Columns I and 2. These columns are for reference by page and number or line; to Schedule No. 1, in order to save repetition of the names therein v/ritten. Taking, for illustration, the first entry in them, " Page 1, Number 1," refers back to William Jones, the first !iame entered on page 1 of Schedule No. 1. The ]>ersonal j)avtieul*rs n^sju'cting him are given after the entry of his name in that Schedule. l''rom Schedule No. '.] we learn further, that he is owner of 200 acres of land, ot 1 dwelling house, 2 barns, 2 carriages, &c. The second entry in the same columns, referring to the same entry in 26 Schedule No. 1, carries us back to the same William Jones. It is, however, an entry relative to a " Methodist Episcopal Church." Mr. Jones is described as an Episcopal Methodist in Schedule No. 1 ; and as being the nearest person met with, belonging to the church in question, he gives the particulars respecting it, which are entered in this schedule (No. 3) ; namely, that the church is a single building, having no inmates, and with 3 acres of land atta hed to it. For this description his name is only referred to for authentication of his statement. Taking anotlier case : — The fifth entry in Schedule No, 3, relative to a " Common School '" refers to page 1, number 15, of Schedule No. 1, where we find the name of Lucinda Biddell, a schoolmistress, who has no home of her own, and lives with Charles Russell, a hotel and store keeper. The reference to her name is to authenticate the particulars given by her respecting that school, she being the nearest person of authority in it with whom the enumerator happens to meet. Taking again another instance : — The twelfth and thirteenth entries in Schedule No. 3 refer back to Francis Ellis, the four- teenth name on page 2 of Schedule No. 1. We find there that his occupation is that of a General Manager. In Schedule No. 3, entry No. 12, he answers for himself as a proprietor of three town lots. In entry 13 of the same schedule, he answers for the "Coal Mining and Navigation Com})any," of which he is the Manager, to authenticate the information given respecting it. It has 10 buildings, in which there are 20 inmates; it owns 2,000 acres of land, kc. All the references to Schedule No. 1, in columns Nos. 1 and 2, are made in the same way, throughout the whole of the six schedules in which they occur; and they will appear very plain if traced tliroughout the specimen schedules by the aid of the above explawation. Columns 3, i and 5, relate exclusively to public institutions, and are to be passed over by making the sign — , whenever the infor- mation to be entered refers to individuals, as exemplified in S})ecinK'n Schedule. Column 3. There arc to be entered in this column all institu- tions of a i)ublic cliaracter, suck as churches, convents, univer- sities, colleges, academies, Bchools of all sorts, public and ]>rivate, asylums, retugon, hospitals, charitable and benevolent institutions of all st)its, prisons and other [)enal iHstitutions ; as also insti- tutions of a cnnnnercial character, such as banks, and other joint stock compjuiies. These and all other institutions, relate to this schedule, niul are to be registered in it by the enumerator of the s\ib-district or (iivii.iion wlicrc they happen to be ; and whenever sueij institution is attached to or dependent on any religious .^s^l^iiSfi^-^t^ «7 ones. It is, lal Church." in Schedule >elonging to jspecting it, [y, that the with 3 acres irae is only iule No. 3, raber 15, of a Biddell, a lives with rence to her r respecting in it with 1 thirteenth is, the four- lere that his idule No. 3, or of three eers for the h he is the cting it. It owns 2,000 . 1 and 2, are ix schedules in if traced the above itutions, and sr the infor- emplified in all institu- nts, univer- ind ]>rivato, institutions s also insti- otlior joint •elate to this rator of the d whenever ny religious denomination, mention is to be made of the fact in the manner pointed out in the specimen schedule. Whenever an enumerator meets, withm his division, with a church, a school, or any other building belonging to an institu- tion but at the time having no one residing m it, ho must make inquiry, and get the information required, Irotn the best and nearest informant, referring to such informant by entering his page and number, as already directed. ,, i i .« Column 4 The number of buildings immediately attached to the institution is here to bo recorded. For instance, if a church has a parsonage connected with it, this fact is to be recorded by inserting the Igure 2 ; if an educational institution has separate buildings, by the figure 3 ; as shown in the specimen schedule^ Columk 5 The number of inmates mentioned in the heading of this column means the number of persoais resiumg at the time under the roof of the imstitution, irrespectively ol the number who may frequent it during the day time. Tins head of information is unconnected with tie question of permanent domicile of per- sons and has no relation to the total number of the population. The remainder of this schedule relates both to institutions and to individuals ; each, of course, having a separate line, as ah^ady explained, and as illustrated in the specimen schedule The addSon of these columns is intended to exhibit the grand total of real and personal estate, held within the Dominion, by institutions and individuals. , , , ^ c ^f Cohunn 6. Here is to l.e entered the total nimiber of acre of land held by the person or institution concerned, no matter wheie ruate in the teri^^tmy of the Dominion. This, with th. remainder of the schedule, is intended to give, as a result, the division of property in Canada, taken as a whole. For instance, let us supi)ose the case of a man living in Halitax, owning U)(S) acres of land in each of tl- four provinces, whether cultivated or uncultivated, the entry must be 4,(00. rnlur^m^ 7 8 10. 11, 12, 13, 14, U, U, 1/, and Ih. The same Zk is to be made for the tilling of these columns, which Tto contain the total amount of the kinds of property men- tioned held by the indiyidual or institution irfeirei to under one eference to the head of the family; properties of minors or orUans under a reference to the tutor or guardian ; undivided ;< l^HlThuld in common by several institutioiis - -mlies l>y shares, must be recorded in such manner as not to lun the iislv of nmittini? or recording twice the same properties. "T frXl" tu.l,v «r tlu.. U,.,,s, in c.om,.ctiou -''' '''-i;-;;'"'; 1 1-] --n -"i-- ^l'i« matter eivsdv understood; thougli at first it may appear oonip licated, f8 The oral instructions of both staff officers and commissioners wall aid in mastering some difficulties, and in rendering easy the practical working of this schedule. Schedule No. 4. Cultivated Lands, Field Products, Plants and Fruits, In the preceding schedule landed property was entered as con^ nected with ownership, as well by individuals as institutions, irrespectively of situation or actual occupancy ; the schedule em- bracing within the scope of its inquiry all land held in the Dominion. This (No. 4) schedule, on the contrary, refers to land in actual occupancy within the enumerator's division. This schedule, mainly devoted to the ordinary products of the soil, is naturally more crowded than any other of the whole series ; but as it will be otherwise generally better understood, and is less complicated, it will be found easy in practical working. Very few of its columns, in fact, require any explanation. Enumerators must not forget, that the products recorded in this schedule may be, and often are, raised by families not engaged in carrying on farming, — say, on patches of land or gardens attached to tenements, even in the middle of large cities. The facts must, therefore, be ascertained in every case, and entered. The sub-titles inserted in this schedule are simply for the pur- pose of classification, and to show the order adopted. Columns 1 and 2, are for the usual reference to Schedule No. 1. Columns 3 and 4, cannot always be filled ; on account of absence, in some instances, of the land-marks and indication men- tioned. Where such marks and indication exist, however, they are to be carefully recorded. In the Province of Quebec, the ranges and concessions are some- times recognised by a name instead of a number. In such cases, the indication may be given by writing lengthwise the name, such as "Cote St. AntoincJ' " Jiancf JieuLsejour, dx.J' from the first line where it commences to that where it ends. Column 5. In this is to be entered the capacity in which the person occu])ying tlie property holds it. If owner, put the letter " O " (whether such proi)rietor is an individual or a com- pany) ; if tenant, the ktter " T " ; and if an employe of the pro- prietor, the letter " E." Column 6. In this column is to be entered the number of acres of land wliich the emimerator finds occujiied in his division. In the preceding hc1rmIu1(! he iiad to ask the total number of acres each informant holds in the whole Dominion ; but in this, he must 2d be careful to ask, not for the whole number of acres held, but for those only actually occupied within his division. For instance his informant might own 2,000 acres of land in various parts ot the Dominion, and yet only occupy 100 acres within the division ; these alone would be entered in this schedule. Column 7. The number of acres improved, means that portion of land on which some work of measurable importance has been done, such as, for instance, underbrushing or chopping trees, or breaking up marshes, meadows, pastures or plains. Column 8 explains itself. xi td • 4? Column 9, refers to very valuable land in the Provinces ot Quebec, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick, a great part ot which has been redeemed from the sea by dikes. x, • i . , Column 10 refers to gardens and orchards. Under this latter term is comprehended any plantation of fruit trees. In recording the land in this column no fractional parts of an acre are to be written, except i, h or h whether the quantity is over or under """"coZmns 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 1«, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25. and 26 These columns need no special explanation. In the French Districts of the Province of Quebec, where the arpent is used instead of the acre, and the mirwt instead of the bushel, the enumerator is simply required to enter the quantity given by the informant, the reduction will be made m the compiling. Column 27 The recording likewise of the hay crop either by tons or by bundles of 161bs, is allowed, as it was on previous occasions of taking the census in the former Province oi Canada. The quantities given will always indicate to the compiler the mode of reckonin-T ; and the the reduction will be made m the Depart- ment It is a matter of paramount importance, as well tor economy of time as for securing accuracy, to avoid leaving any calculations to be made by the enumerators when it can possibly be avoided, , „^ , . i Cclumns 28, 29, 30, 31. 32, 33, 34, 35, and 36, need no special remark. Schedule No. I. Live Stock, Animal Products, Home-Made Fabrics and Furs. Columns 1 and 2, contain the same references to Schedule No. 1. as in previous schedules. -, ^ ^ ■ ^ i.\, 1. 1.\ The remainder of this schedule is so clearanddefimte that there 1 _f ;„i ..vr^lonnfinn for anv of the 32 columns therein contained. Of all the information called for m a census, 80 that which is the subject of this schedule, is, on the whole, the easiest to obtain and the easiest to record. The following remarks, however, may be made : — The home- Tnade cheese, mentioned in column 15, is here entered as in con- tradistinction to cheese made in cheese-manufacturing establish- ments, which is to be entered in Schedule No. 6. In the same way home-made fabrics are to be kept distinct from those made in cloth and linen factories. As regards column 18, it must be remembered that cloth and flannel are to include blankets, shawls, &c., and all other such articles reckoned by the yard. ( Schedule No. 6. Industrial Establishments. This schedule is one of the three, of which it is not required that all the questions be put to every head of family ; or negative answers recorded. There is in it, moreo^ er, no reference to Schedule No. 1 ; the proprietor's or company's name being here entered with the name of establishment in column 1. Entries in this schedule are only to be made when an Industrial Establishment of some kind is met with, but the enumerator is required to ask whether such does or does not exist, at every visit he makes. An industrial establishment is a place where one or several persons are employed in manufacturing, altering, making up, or changing from one shape into another, materials for sale, use, or consumption, quite irrespectively of the amount of capital em- ployed or of the products turned out. A lime kiln, a cheese factory, a brick -yard, a ship-building yard, a grinding-stone factory, a sulphuric acid manufactory, a saw mill, a marble cutter's shed, a wheel factory, a pottery, a foundry, a meat-curing or " packing " establishment, an establishment to manufacture copper regulus or purify plumbago, a cloth manu- factory, a carding mill, a grist mill, a planing and dove-tailing mill, a sash factory, as well as a shoe-making, harness-making, dress-making, tailor's, or blacksmith's shop, or carpenter or joiner's shop, &c., are all industrial establishments. Any establishment, we repeat, where materials arc manufactured, made up, changed or altered from one form into another, for sale, use, or consump- tion, is an industrial establishment. All repairs, mending, or cus- tom work, are understood to bo industrial products ; and are to bo entered accordingly, by value, in tlje returns of industrial establish- ments. It must be well understood that hands employed on hire di ( in such industrial establishments are not to give the result of their labor separately. The returns of industrial establishments are to be recorded in the district, sub-district, and division where the enumerator finds the establishment, and n(?where else. This principle is essential in every case. The production is attached to the locality. It matters not whether the raw material is in the ownership of the manufacturer or not, whether it is transformed on account of one or another person, whether the working is a profitable or losing business ; the information required is the result from the establishment, so far as requested. For instance, a saw mill may saw logs and other lumber for a great number of persons ; the working may cost more than the returns bring to the owner ; but, nevertheless, the amount of raw material has changed form, and so much value has been added to it ; and this is the fact to be recorded. AH entries in columns 2, 3, 9, 14, and 17 are to be made in dollars ($). The number of people employed may be made up exclusively with members of the family of the proprietor; in other places the proprietor and family may not form part of the people employed. In many instances, the raw materials, or articles manufactured, are of such a multifarous character that they must be lumped together, and entered by the value. All these circum- stances are illustrated in Specimen Schedule No. G, pages 1 and 2 The word quintal (Q) made use of means 112 lbs ; the word toise. about 20 horse loads or 10 team loads of common stone ; the words, hoard measurement, so many superficial feet of sawed lumber one inch thick ; 1,000 feet being equal to what is called in some parts one hundred boards. Aotirt from these general remarks, this schedule does not - - '^ve any special explanations ; every heading being in itself suffi- ce -^licit, and the practical working being illustrated in the Sue' Schedule. Schedule No. 7. Products of the Forest. This schedule relates to the products of tlie forest, in the state in which they are got out simply, and must not be confounded with retunis of saw mills, ship-building yards, or other industrial establishments; the returns of which, with their raw material, are to be e»tored in Schedule No. G. The reason of this is obvious, and applies ec^ually to products of farms, as to nvoducts of the forest. In the same way that pounds of wool are to be recorded as articles produced in the district of n their production, so must lumber of the forest be, no matter what transformation it may afterwards undergo, or how many miles away from the place of growth it may be taken, and irrespectively of its being also recorded in part as the raw material of industrial ssta- blishments. * Part of the products recorded in this schedule will be, of course, entered as part of the raw material of different industrial establishments ; but in these they do not appear as products, but as raw material, to which value is added by the process of manu- facture. In this schedule is to be recorded the total quantity of forest products got out, and where got out ; notwithstanding that part of them have been consumed or made use of on the spot, or whether they have been sold, or are still on hand. The quantities here to be recorded must be taken in the census district, and on the spot where they were produced, and not at the distant office of the merchant who may happen to have furnished the capital or engaged the men to do the work. The information is to be had from the farmer who hauled the lumber ; or from the contractor or foreman in shanties, on the spot. Columns 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12, require no special explanation; although they may give some labour to the enumerator in obtaining the information. Care must be taken that everything be recorded without diminu- tion or exaggeration, always explaining that the quantities employed on the spot for the use of the producer himself are to be taken, as well as those still on hand. Colmnns 13 and 14. The method of counting logs in different localities of the Dominion presents so great a variety, that it has been found necessary to adopt a Census Standard for registering this important product. The Census Standard is made equal to 100 superficial feet of sawed lumber, commonly called board measurement (B.M.) ; in other words, the standard is to count one log for every 100 feet of board measurement ; which is equal to half the standard adopted by the De})artment of Crown Lands of the Province of Ontario ; equal to ten pieces of boards as counted in Quebec and parts of the United States ; and equal to the tenth part of the 1,000 feet by which logs are counted in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. Tiu' enumerator is ihe*-et"ore to count two logs for every Ci'own Land Standard, as adopted in the Province of Ontario; ten logs for every quantity capable of producing 100 boards in Quebec ; and ton logs for every quantity capable of producing 1,000 feet of luinbor in Nova Scoiia and New Brunswick. Columns 15, Ki, 17, 18 and 19. These columns require no explanation ; further than to remind the census officers that the J 38 tjuantities eousumed or employed by the producer himself, ai"e to be counted as an essential part of the aggregate to be recorded; Avhich, in all cases, is to comprise the total haul or quantities extracted. i Schedule ISo. 8. Shipping and Fisheries. This schedule is perhaps the most intricate of the whole series GbiLsequently, the census officers cannot take too nnu.'h care in studying it beforehand, as well in the Manual as in the Specimen Schedule. It is divided into two sub-titles " Shippiiuj" and " Fisheries." Columns ^ and 2, are for the same purpose of i-eference to Schedule No. 1, as explained in the notes on other schedules. In the cases, very numerous indeed, in which the porscm refei-red to in these columns is interested only in part of this schedule, the remainder of the columns are, as regards him, to be filled with th(> sign — , according to the general rule given. Columns S, 4,' 5, and 6, are all to the same effect. Tin* ex- planations rec^uired are therefore applicable to the four. The columns headed "Number of Shares" are intended to exhibit the number of Canadian ship owners in each place, each one being i-eferred to as named in Schedule No. 1. These columns are intended to enable the compiler of the returns to give at the same time the number of vessels owned in the Dominion. The ownership of shipping is to be recorded by shares, in accord- ance with the principle laid down in the "Merchant Shipjying Act," each siiip being equal to 64 shares; so that when compiling the census the total mnnber of vessels will be ascertained by dividing the total number of shares by ()4. It is neeJloss to add, however, that whenever one or more ship.* are owned wholly by one person, or one institution or company (as Ulastraled in Specimeji Schedule), the number to inscribe will be (J4 for one, and as many times 64 as there are sliips so owned ; and that, in cases where parts of one or more ships are owned, the total number of shares so o A^ned is to be recorded by figures representing the aggregate number of shares. There will be no difficulty in recording by shares in this way, whenever the requirements of the ''Merchant Shipping Act" have been complied with ; but some instructions are necessary for the direction of the census officers, in the very numerous cases in which partnership in vessels is reckoned by fractions of the unit 1. In these cases, the officer is to reduce the fractions to shares. For s 34 example, a | of a ship is to be recorded l»y the figures 16 ; A by 32 ; and so on. The tonnage to be recorded liere is not the tonnage of any given ship, but the aggregate tonnage of the fihares owned by the party refei-redto. For example, the tonnage of a ship owner wlio has o2 shares of a ship of ],()()() tons, is 500, which fignire is to be entered in the cohnnn of tonnage. In cases of pei'.sons answering for institutioijs or companies, and being, besides, themselves shipowners, tlie entries are to be made on two lines, as explained in reference to rcnl estate, in Schedule No. 3. Columns 7 and 8. In these columns, it is merely the actual lUHuber of hdvgcs which is to be recorded ; any fractional owner- shi]) having to ho entered as |, I, or |. This mode of reckoning relates to barg<3s, including trading scows, canal boats, and other such vessels, or 6a^r'(/(M', fishing smacks and boats — except plea- sure and connnon private boats not em})loyed in trade or fishing, Avhich are recorded in Schedule No. .S. In ihe case of sliipping companies, such, as the ''Richelieu Com- pan//,'' for instance, of which the members are not, properly speaking, shipowners, but simply stock holders of a joint-stock company, the total amount of shipping is to be recorded in tlie enumerator's division in which is located the head oflice of the company, taking care to make a note in the column of remarks. Column.^ 9, 10, 11, (ind 12. In these columns are to be entered the actual number of vessels and boats employed in fishing; irre- si)ectively of the entry of such vessels or boats in tlie columns of shipping; and irrespectively of ownership. For instance, a vessel owned by A. B., who docs not carry on any fishing, is entered in this schedule, as owmed by the said A.B. ; but^ the same vessel is chartered to 0. J)., who employs it in fishing. This vessel is, therefore, to be inscribed again in column 9, on tlie line referring to C. I)., by the mark 1 ; and in column 10, is to be entered the figiuc representing the numlier of the vessel s crew. Column 13. This colunni is to be filled by the number of fisher- nien known on the coast as graviers or shoremen, as distinguished in fishing establishments from the line or outgoing men. Columns^ 14, 15,, 1(5, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 28, 24, 25, 26, 27, 2S, 29, 30, 31, 32, (ind 83, do not require any special observation ; the headings being of themselves almost all that can be said. The remarks to be made are of a general character: — The diff"erent varieties of fish, except cod, haddock, hake, and pollack, are to be recorded in barrels ; each equal to a capacity of two bushcls-and-a-half, or an average weight of 2001bs. The variety of measures adopted in diflerent parts of the Dominion, from the Gulf and Lower St. Lawrence Fisheries to ihe f r 3a Great Western Lakes, is such that it becomes an absolute necessity to adopt a census standard ; and the (luantities of fish taken M-e such as to render it equally necessary to avoid a small standard, the adoption of which would bring out lines of figures of enormous amount for no reasonable purpose. The enumerators, therefore, must be prepared beforehand, to make a quick reduction of the special measures employed for each kind of fish in their respective localities, into this census standard barrel measure. , i , .i. It must be well l:e])t in miud by the census ofiicers, tliat the quantities to be recorded are to comprise the whole catch ; no mat- ter how made, in boats or vessels, or without either, mfascines,or weir standing fisheries, or by the hook or otherwise; and whether for home consumption, ior sale, for bait, or for manure. There are on the coast very maiiy instances of two or more fishermen working together as associates " on .s/w?t.v." In thess cases, while the enumerator sees that the whole catch is recorded, he must be careful that it is not recorded twice. In the shipping and fishing districts, consideral)le judgment will be required on the i)art of the enumerators, as well as know- ledge of circumstances of their localities ; to avoid omissions as well as double entries. SCHKDULK !J. Mineral Fr<>(hui.^. This schedule is the last of the series, and the last of the three, of which it is not necessary to reant, are to be strictly adhered to by all offi(;ers emi)l(»yed in the taking of the census. There may arise special cases retpiiring to ])e specially dcah with by particular instructions addressed to the officers con"eerned ; but no officei is to take anything of this kind for granted In other words, every officer is bound to discharge his duties in accordancu with the directions contained in this Manual, unless he can show distinct cn-ders, emanating from the Department, authorizing deviation therefrom.