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Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la derniAre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbols — »• signifie "A SUIVRE ", le symbole V signifie "FIN ". Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction retios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc.. peuvent Atre film As A des taux de rMuction diff Arents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour fttre reproduit en un seul clich*. il est filmA A partir de Tangle supArieur gauche, de gauche A droite, et de haut en bas. en prenant le nombre d'imagas nAcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mAthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 , J*?:,-^*'* h-lt- » >S Portrait of Capt. Ross in his Polar Dre] *».^ jm No. 1 The Victory. 2 Kins- William's L?nd. 3 Boothia Felix. 4 Capt. Ross. 5 Illictu. 6 Tullooachiu. 7 Commander Ross. 8 Magnetic Pole. 9 Esquimaux Village. 10 Observation Cairn. 11 Sheriff's Harbour. No. 12 Aurora Borealis. 13 Victory Harbour. 14 Cape Margaret. 15 Hecia and Fury Island. 16 Lady Parry's Island. 17 Eastern Island. 18 Polar Bear. 19 Obserration Island. 20 Observatory. 21 Magnetic Observatory. i-,-' / 1)KSCUII>TI(*N Of A VIEW OF THE CONTINENT «f BOOTHIA, DISCOVERED BY CAPTAIN ROSS, ■'i ,■ I ' Jn his late Eitpedilinn to the POLAR REGIONS, \. !•) i KOW EXHIBITING AT THE Panorama, lielcesier fiquare* .1 • ■ ' ; ? .: {.» : t' ^ Mi :,.*'*|.,-. FROM DRAWINGS TAKEN BY CAPTAIN ROSS, IN 1830. LONDON: 'i PRINTED BY J. & G. NICHOLS. EARL'S COURT. CRANBOURff STREET, LEICESTER SQUARE. r. . .:.■■: ri«- lUop BOOTHIA, i Th k existence of a passage along the northern coast of America, from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and the practica- bility of such passage, should it be discovered, for large ships, is an important problem, which, for above two centuries and a half, has scarcely ceased to be an object of the most anxious research ; the enterprising attempts which have been made during that period for its solution, in these waste and deso- late regions, have added many a brilliant name to the page of Naval history, and although unfortunately unsuccessful in the main object, have made the most important discoveries in various branches of science, and considerably extended the geographical knowledge of tliis portion of the globe. No voyage, perhaps, has been conducted with more zeal, cou- rage, and abihty, nor attended with greater personal sacrifice, than that recently made by Capt. Ross, who, in the most liberal and disinterested manner, not only devoted his valua- ble i'mo and property, bnt nearly sacrificed his life, without ft Ifish or interested view, in this irksome and dangerous \ . . making ; the time he was imprisoned in these " Tluilling regions of thick ribbed ice." And his steady perseverance under difficulties and privations so frequent and long continued, during four Polar winters, are highly honorable to him as a British sailor, and will rank his name high amongst the celebrated and intrepid naviga- tors of these seas ; whilst the interesting results of his inves- tigations, will be duly appreciated by all who have the interests of science and the honor and fame of their country at heart. The present Panorama, taken from drawings made by Capt. Ross, has been painted under his immediate inspection. It represents the winter quarters of the Victory, in 1830, in latitude 70°, north, longitude 92°, west; and the spec- tators are placed in the actual tent in which the gallant Captain, passed the nights during his long and dreary journey of nearly 500 miles from Victory Harbour to Batty Bay. The dismantled vessel firmly beset by the ice in Felix Harbour, every part of her masts, yards, and shrouds, on which it could lodge, covered with snow, forms a con- spicuous object, and gives cheerfulness to the scene, by '**• .5 aflTording certain indications of the presence of human beings* The sea around presents one continued field of ice — towering icebergs of gigantic size and singularly fantastic form — im- mense masses thrown up by pressure, called hummocks, pyramids, cavities, and an endless variety of forms, heaped together in wild disorder, from some huge stalactitae, are gracefully pendant ; others are surrounded by sparry chrys- tals and brilliant icicles, the piXMtiinent surfaces tinged with the most vivid emerald and violet tints, and the most intense blue shades lurking in the recesses, presenting a splendid oxibition of icy grandeur. The Continent, called by Capt. Ross, Boothia, and some small Islands, present nearly the same appearance, and are only distinguishable from the Ocean, by the bare sides of steep and precipitous rocks, which occasionally rise to a great height, presenting horizontal and perpendicular strata of primitive granite ; in some places vast masses are piled with extreme regularity, in others so confused, that they evidently mark some violent convulsion of nature. These dark and frowning precipices, without the least marks of vegetation, form a singular contrast with the pinnacles of ice, and the sparkling whiteness of the surrounding snow. At a short distance, an Esquimaux village rears the dome shaped tops of its snow built huts, and a party of these interesting people are represented on their way to pay their first visit to the ship, whose extraordinary appearance and dress, and grotesque manners, considerably relieve the scene. Beyond, on every side, the eye stretches over one interminable field of ice and snow, whose very barrenness is beautiful, but which conveys a feeling of total privation and utter desolation. Towards the south the horizon is overspread by an arch of bright and splendid crimson light, which was always visible about noon, even when the sun was at its greatest southern declination ; indeed, the return of what might be considered day, was always marked by so considerable a twilight, that by turning a book towards the south, the smallest print might be read without difficulty ; and the brightness of the moon and stars, together with the reflection from the snow, rendered any thing approaching a deep or positive gloom of rare occurrence. The opposite portion of the hemisphere is splendidly illumined by that extraordinary and beautiful phenomenon, the Aurora Borealis, vividly darting its brilliant corruscations towards the Zenith in endless variety, and tinging the ice and snow mth its pale and mellow light; the remaining portions of the sky, •re clear, dark, and unclouded, thickly stAidded with number- '"■^4. .0 leits stars, shining with peculiar lustre; the whole forming a ■triking and romantic scene, difficult to conceive, and impo8-> sible to dcBcribe ; the awful grandeur and sublimity of which, cannot be contemplated but with the most intense interest, and enthusiastic aumiration. The extraordinary discoveries of the Portuguese, and their f^ourisliingconnnerce in the Indian seas, stimulated the Mer- chants of England to a participation in that great source of wealth, by the discovery of a passage, that w<^nild shorten the voyage to India and China, to less than one half the distance of that round the Cape of Oood Hope. After the discovery of America, the most sanguine hopes were entertained of the possibility of finding this passage, and the numerous attempts since that period to the present time, offer sufficient evidence that the solution of this interesting and important problem, has always been a pursuit, peculiarly adapted to the enter- prising spirit of Great Britain, it has had the most cordial patronage of her Sovereigns — her Parliaments have granted rewards — it has engaged the attention of her first scientific and literary men — and has been encouraged in every possible way by her Merchants. Other maritime nations would have participated equally in the advantages to be derived from the discovery, but none hava so zealously and heartily taken up the long agitated question. The search may be said to have commenced in the reign of Henry VII. (although it is recorded that Alfred the Great sent a mariner named Otho, to survey the coasts of Norway and Sweden, and to discover, if possible, a passage to the East). John Cabot, a native of Venice, stimulated by the example of Columbus, was the first pro- jector of a north west passage, encouraged by the Merchants of Bristol, and furnished with letters patent from Henry VII. to conquer and settle unknown lands. He made a voyage, discovered Newfoundland and Cape Florida, fand brought home three natives, answering, in every respect, to the Es- quimaux of the present day. Nothwithstanding the liberal encouragement given to Cabot, it was thirty years before another expedition was fitted out, when Henry VIII., at the suggestion of Mr. R. Thorne of Bristol, sent two vessels in 1627, one of which was lost, and no record remains of what the other did. A second expedition was fitted out during this reign, by Master Hore, of London, but without any be- neficial result. In the reign of Edward the VI. 1563, an expedition of three ships sailed under the command of Sir H. Willoughby, two of them advanced to the latitude of 72*, where they were shut in by the ice. and Sir H. W. and the k. Cttiwti, coimiKtiug oi HJxty {)t!i'8uiiK, iiuHiM'ubly perished of cold and hunger, on the eastern coast of Husgian Lapland ; the remaining vessel passed the North Cape to the eastward, and ^ot safely to the Bay of St. Nicholas, on the Russian coast, being the first British vessel which had entered those latitudes ; an unsuccessful attempt was also made in 1556, by Capt. S. Burroug! o. During the reign of Elizabeth, the spirit of discovery flourished in full vigour, Sir M. Frobisher was despatched three several times. In his first voyage, which was under the patron- age of the Earl of Warwick, he discovered the strait which bears his name, and brought home a " salvage," and a "glistering mineral," supposed to be gold ; his second voyage confirmed the discoveries of the first ; anH ^-s third, consisting of fifteen ships and one hundred settlers {' r the " Mela Incognita," was dispersed by a storm, and did not even reach the strait. The next expedition, fitted out by the Merchants of London, was intrusted to Mr. J. Davis, who, in three voyages in 1585-6-7, sailed up the strait which lias since borne his name, named a remarkable promontory, " Sanderson's Hope," in honor of the chief promoter of the voyage, and enterea Cum- berland strait ; although unsuccessnil himself, he declared the passage probable, and the execution easy ; but no at- tempts, with the exception of an unfortunate one by Sir G. Weymouth, were made for several years. The reign of James was fertile in expeditions, they com- menced in 1605 and 1606, with Captains Hall and Knight, whose voyages added little to the stock of knowledge, the next was by the most successful, and most unfortunate, Henry Hudson, who was fitted out by a society of Merchants, he discovered the strait and bay which are called after him, near which, in his fourth voyage in 1640, himself, his son, and seven others, were inhumanly murdered by his crew. In 1612, Sir T. Button, and in 1614, Capt. Gibbon, made voy- ages without any new discoveries, and in 1615, an expedition sailed under the command of Capt. Bylot, who took with him the celebrated pilot Baffin, who had been many yeais accus- tomed to these seas ; ot this voyage but a meagre account remains, as Bylot could neither read nor write, but in a second voyage the following year, they circumnavigated the bay since called after Baffin, reached the 78th degree of lati- tude, named an extensive sound in honor of Sir T. Smith, and returning on the western skk), discovered Alderman Jones and SirT. Lancaster's sounds, but unfortnately left them unexamined. Notwithstandiug these repeated failures, saDguiae hopes were entertained of ultimate success. Capt. Luke Fox received the commands of Charles I. to make the "oyage, and a letter from that Monarch to the Emperor of Japan, to be delivered when he had completed the passa2;e. He only reached the latitude of 66. In 1668, Capt. Gillam wintered on the coast of Hudson's Bay, and in 1676, the Duke of York, afterwards James II. fitted out a vessel under the command of (^apt. Wood, which sailed in company of a King's ship, as far north as latitude 76, where the ice offered an impenetrable barrier, and the royal vessel foundered ; the discovery was then declared to be impossible, and no further attempts were made until 1719, when the Hudson's Bay Company took up the subject, and the unsuccessful and unfortunate voyages of Captains Knight, Barlow, Vaughan, and Scroogs, followed each other in rapid succession, without any important results. In 1742, M. Oobbs suggested a plan, and prevailed on the Government to send two sloops of war, under the com- mand of Capt. Middleton ; this expedition reached Repulse Bay, the highest point on the American coast, that had yet been visited. Certain charges having been made by Mr. Dobbs against Capt. Middleton, which not being satisfactorily answered, the Government were induced xo offer a reward of £20,000 to any person who should succeed in making the desired passage. This powerful stimulus caused an expe- dition^ consisting of two ships, commanded by Capts. Moor and Smith, to sail in 1746, which only reached Wager River: attempts then ceased on the Atlantic side, and several were made from Behring's Straits. In 1773 the subject was again revived, and Capt. Phipps, afterwards Lord Mulgrave, made an attempt to reach the North Pole ; this was followed by the voyages of Lieuts. Pickersgill and Young, 1776 — 7, wlio did not reach high latitudes, and a voyage by Mr. Duncan, in 1791, who was obliged by a refractory crew to return from Churchill River. The long protracted wars of Europe, suspended for many years any further attemps, but no sooner was peace restored, than the spirit of discovery revived. Mr. Barrow, one of the Secretaries of the Admiralty, Avho had bestowed great at- tention to the subject, felt assured of the practicability of the passage : from his representations, the Government were mduced to send out two expeditions ; one to the Pole — the other to seek the long desired passage, and from various causes, particularly the mildness of the preceeding winter, and the vast quantity of Polar ice which had floated down the Atlantic, great hopes of succees were entertained. Capt. Ross, who was appointed to the latter expedition, after en- countering considerable difficulty and danger, succeeded in circumnavigating Baffin's Bay, confirming in every respect the veracity of that celebrated navigator, examining various Bays on the western side, and ascended for thirty miles. Sir J. Lancaster's sound, the most promising. It being the opinion of many, particularly of Lieut. Parry, that the researches in Lancaster sound, had been prematurely abandoned, another expedition was determined on, the command of which was given to Lieut. Parry, that he might fulfil, if possible, his sanguine expectations. He sailed in 1819, witn two ships, provisioned for two years ; and after overcoming many difficulties, entered Lancaster sound, sailed up a strait to which he gave the name of Barrow's Strait, and entered an inlet, ten leagues broad, which he called Prince Regent's Inlet; up which he sailed 120 miles, when his farther progress was stopped by a solid bulwark of icebergs ; returning, there- fore, to its entrance, he continued his course westward, naming various bays, headlands, 8tc. until he arrived in the longitude of 110° west, where his crew became entitled to £5000, the only parliamentary reward which has ever been claimed. After passing a long and dreary winter at Melville Island, the expedition reached, in the following year, the most western pomt by thirty degrees, yet attained, to the northward of the American coast, being 113° 48' 22" west longitude, in 74° 27' 50" north latitude. It here became evident, from the Golid appearance ol' the Ice, that farther progress on that parallel was impossible, and the expedition returned. The result of the last voyage, having considerably strength- ened the hopes of a passage being found, but in a lower lati- tude, a new expedition was equipped, and Capt. Parry having been promoted, sailed in 1821, proceeding westward through Hudson's Strait, to the Repulse Bay of Middleton, which he carefully surveyed, without finding any second outlet ; after passing the winter, he made sail through Fox's Channel, and with considerable difficulty entered a strait, which he named after his ships, " Hecla and Fury :" here he passed a second winter, makmg several land excursions on Melville Peninsula, and Cockburn Island, which closed the proceedings, the sickly state of the crews making an immediate return necessary. The information gained by this voyage, proved the impossi- bility of a communication with the Polar Sea in that direct- ion, but it was hoped that the desired passage mijght still be discovered through Prince Regent's Inlet, and Capt. Parry 10 wus Hguin appointed to luuku the attempt in this direction : he sailed in 1824 ; after wintering at Port Bowen, he suc- ceeded in penetrating as far as longitude 91° 50' west, in latitude 72" 42' north : here one of his ships, the Fury, was nipped by the ice, and it was found necessary to make some repairs ; during the removal of her stores she was further damaged by a violent storm, and there became no alternative but lo abandon her ; such provisions and stores as were not required, were made secure on Fury Beach, and the Hecla returnKJ to England. Capt. Parry made a fourth voyage the following year, being an unsuccessful attempt to reach the North Pole. The Government not being disposed to equip any further expeditions, Capt. Ross, a man of bold and energetic charac- ter, not discouraged by these repeated failures, projected a voyage, in which he hoped to complete the discoveries of Parry, by means of steam ; from his own private resources, and the kind and patiiotic assistance of his friends, particu- larly of Felix Booth, Esq., he was enabled to fit out the Victory, combining the advantages of steam power, with the perfect capability, of a sailing vessel. A second vessel, the John, was to have accompanied him, but, when on the point of sailing, the crew mutinied, and she was left behind. The Victory finally departed on the 15th of June 1829, and after experiencing some very stormy weather, in which she lost her foremast, arrived at Wylic Fiord, in Greenland, where she was rigged anew, and repaired from the wreck of a London Whaler, which had been abandoned on that coast. Capt. Ross and his gallant crew, then sailed up Baffin's Bay, entered Lancas- ter Sound, and arrived safely at Fury Beach, here they found the boats, provisions, &c. in excellent condition, but no vestige of the wreck. After taking in supplies, they again sailed on the 14th of August, and after rounding Cape Gerry, ran down the western coast, until they passed the latitude 72" north, in the longitude 94° west ; here a considerable inlet to the westward, occupied them two days in surveying ; at this point they were first seriously obstructed by the ice, which extended from the south cape of the inlet, in a solid mass, round by S. and E. to K. N. E. their progress from this circumstance, the shallowness of the water, and the ra- pidity of the tides, became dangerous and tedious, but they succeeded in penetrating below the latitude of 70° north, in longitude 92° west, where the coast after having carried them as far east as 90°, took a decided westerly direction, whilst iand was seen extendmg cast and west, at a distance of 40 J t 11 mlleH. At this point on the 1st of Octubei') they were ar- rested by uu impenetrable barrier of ice, but having found an excellent wintering port, which they named Felix Harbour, they prepared, as seen in the Panorama, for the long and dreary season. The ship was dismantled, and the deck covered in, and as they were secluded, for an indefinite period, Ironi the rest of the world, having scarcely any regular eni- ph^ynient, it became necessary to create some, to prevent that tedious monotony, and idleness, so ill according with their gene- ral habits ; the officers actively employed themselves in making surveys and land expeditions, taking astronomical observations, noting atmospherical phenomena, and collecting subjects of natural history, and arrangements were made for the amuse- ment and exercise of the men, which reflect much credit on their gallant commander : but the greatest source of amuse- ment, and that which excited the highest degree of interest, was the arrival, early in January, of a tribe of Esquimaux, with whom the most friendly communication was immediately established ; from these people it was ascertained that the ex- pedition had already seen the coast of America, and that 40 miles to the south-west, were two great seas, divided by a nar- row strait or neck of land. Early in April, Commander Ross, accompanied by one of the Mates, and guided by two of the Natives, visited this Isthmus, which he found to be two ridges of high land, con- necting the land on the north and south, about 15 miles in breadth, intersected by a chain of fresh water lakes, which reduced the actual dry land to about 5 miles. Commander Ross subsequently surveyed the sea coast to the southward of the Isthmus, leading westward as far as the 99' degree, or to 150 miles of Cape Turnagain, of Franklin, to which point the land, after leading him into the 70" degree of north latitude, directly .rended. He also surveyed 30 miles of the coast to the north of the Isthmus ; also the sea coast to the south, go as to leave no doubt that it joi.^ed Repulse Bay, and determined that there .was no passage southward, for 30 miles northv, drd of their present position. During the sum- mer, the object now being to try a more northern latitude, the expedition could only (owing to the vast quantity of ice) succeed in retracing its steps 4 miles, to Sheriff's Harbour, where the second winter was passed ; during which, Com- mander Ross surveyed 50 miles more of the coast, and determined that no passage could exist below the 7 1° degree. The following autumn, the vessel was, with difficulty, got 14 miles northward, or to Victory Harbour, where, as all hope 12 of saving her was put beyond possibility by another very 8e> vere winter, she was left ; Capt. Ross and his crew, with such provisions and fuel as they could carry, starting on the 29th of May, 1832, for Fury Beach, where they arrived completely exhausted by fatigue and hunger on the 1st of July. On the 1st of August they again set forward in three boats, which had been providentially preserved, and on the 1st of Septem- ber reached Leopold South Island, now established to be the north east point of America, in latitude 73" 56', and longi- tude 90" west, here the sea presented one impenetrable mass of ice, and they remained in a stale of anxiety and suspense., until forced by want of provisions, to return on foot to Fury Beach, where they arrived on the 7th of October, after a fatiguing and laborious march. Here a fourth severe winter was passed in a canvas tent, 32 feet by 16, covered with snow frozen so hard, that they may be said to have inhabited an iceberg ; their sufferings being greatly increased by want of bedding, clothing, and animal food. Mr. C. Thomas, the Carpenter, here perished, and three others of the crew were reduced to the last state of debility. On the 8th of July, 1833, these intrepid individuals again left Fury Beach, being obliged to carry the three sick men who were unable to walk, and in six days reached the boats at Batty Bay ; but it was not until the 15th of August, that they were able to put to sea. On the 26th, having crossed Navy Board Inlet, they descried a ship becalmed in the Offikig, which proved to be the Isabella, of Hull, the same ship that Capt. Ross commanded in his first voyage of dis- covery, in 1818; they were received on board with every de- monstration of kindness and hospitality, and safely reached England on the 18th of October, after having been exposed to the perils and privations of four severe Polar winters, the fatigues and hardships of which were freely shared by those in command, and were endured by the crew with a degree of cheerfulness, sobriety, and discipline, rarely to be met with but amongst British seamen. . The following account, Capt. Ross has kindly furnished himself. "The situation of this Panorama, is half a mile northward of Felix Harbour, in the newly discovered counti'y, named by Capt. Ross, ' Boothia Felix,* and is in latitude 70" nortli, and longitude 92" west, the land is entirely of primitive for- mation, the rocks being composed of various kinds of granite, and destitute of vegetation, except in the vallies, in some of wliich are lakes of a c<>iisiderable size, but frozen over, excep- ting a part of July, August, and September. Reindeer, hares, and foxes, were seen here, and two kinds of grouse, and bears were also constantly' ranging along the coast. The time at which this view was taken, was the 9th of January, 1830, at noon, after havin^^ communicated with an interesting tribe of Natives, Captain Ross and his Officers having obtained their confidence, by giving them presents, persuaded them to accompany his party to the Victory, which is represented frozen in at Felix Harbour, with her colours and flags flying. The ship is housed in, or, in other words, covered over with a roof of canvass, the bow is exposed to view, but the star- board, or gangway side, is protected by a wall of snow, within which, the men usually exercised, when too stormy to walk on shore, or at a distance. The island to the left of her forms the Harbour, and on it the Observatory was erected, and contained a three feet transit instrument, and a six feet telescope, at which an Officer is represented looking at the planet Venus ; this is decorated with flags, as well as the magnetic Observatory at a more distant point. Beyond, at a great distance, is seen King William's Land, which, since Capt. Ross's return, has been so named with His Majesty's gracious permission, as well as the position of the magnetic pole, which is behind the high land to the right of ship, which is named Boothia Felix, in honor of Felix Booth, Esq. the patriotic friend of Capt. Ross, and on the point of which, near a gun, is planted his flag. Going on again to the right, will be seen the village of the Natives, consisting of eighteen huts, built entirely of snow ; and round the point is Sheriff" 's Harbour, where the expedition passed the second and most severe winter on this side of the most distant point. No. 11, called Cape Margaret, is Victory Harbour, distant 15 miles, where the third winter was spent, and where the ship was left in May, 1832. The next to the right, No. 15, is Isbabella Louisa, or Lady Parry's island, which being nearest to SirE. Parry's discoveries, is so named in compliment to that dis- tinguished Officer ; and the Lands which close in with that first mentioned, are those visited after much peril and labour, by Mr. Thorn and Dr. M'Diarmid, in March 1830. In the foreground are seen the Officers and the Natives proceeding to the ship. Hlictu, the old man, who had been placed in the front of the Natives, when formed into a body, is seen on a sledge drawn by Capt. Ross, No. 5, and his party of sailors. Tullooachiu, the man who had lost a leg, is seen on another sledge, drawn by Commander James Ross, No. 6, 14 and iuiotluM- party, the rest of the Natives are follovring, and by signs and gestures, expressing their surprise at every ob- ject, which is new and Vvunderful to them. To the south, looking towards the Victory, is seen the horizon, as it is iUuniinated at noon, as the sun passes some degrees below the horizon, Venus is seen to the left, and the fixed stars are every where shining as seen at noon, in oppo- sition or in the north, is seen the Aurora Borealis, as it gen- erally appears, shooting its pencil rays upwards, or towards the Zenith. The tints which these phenomena give the sur- rounding hills is also given with striking effect." The important results of this voyage, to use the words of Capt. Ross, have been "the discovery of the Gulf of Boothiaj the Continent and Isthmus of Boothia Felix, and a vast num- ber of islands, rivers, and lakes, the undeniable establishment that the N.E. point of America extends to the 74 degree of latitude, valuable observations of every kind, but particularly on the magnet, and to crown all, we have had the honor of placing the the illustrious name of our most gracious sove- reign, William IV. on the true position of the magnetic Pole." EXPLANATION OF THE ENGRAVING. -J- r ' 1 -The Victory. ' The Victory was formerly a Liverpool trader, and was purchased by Capt. Boss, expressly for this expedition, being a very strong and well built vessel ; tne stpam power which was added was on the most approved principle,. the boilers occupying a very small space, and the consumption of fuel, and thu whole weight was not half that of tlic engines in general use, but it was soon found to be of no service in these seas. On her arrival in Felix Harbour, every comfort that the situation would admit was provided, the deck was covered over with sail cloth stretched on spars, the steam machinery was removed, and may be seen half buried in the snow, and a substantial wall of snow 7 feet in thicliness, composed of huge blocks, was erected to defend her from the northern blasts and violent mow drifts, the non-conducting power of which also prevented the abstraction of heat which was so considerable in windy weather, on tne present occasion she appears decked with all her ensigns, in honor of the first visit of the Esquimaux. Her crew con- usted of nineteen persons, exclusive of Capt. Ross, Commander Ross, M. Thorn, and Mr. Mc. Diarmid. Her burthen was about 184 tons. 3,— Boothia Felix. Part of the continent of America, named a(!ter Felix Booth, Esq. " the truly Kitriotic citizen of London, who in the most disinterested manner enabled Capt. 088, to equip this expedition in a superior style." Boothia here presents a most unpromising appearance, being principally composed of immense rojcks of primitivf granite, of a dark grey color, in so.ne places rising to the height of 400 fett. IT) 5*— Esquimaux. riie general i'eatuiee, bodily and iittellectual, ol titese p<)or people me too ■veil known to need repetitiou ; the description uf 8u-' i \6 No. 9, Esquimaux Village. N* otber inatenal but snow and ice u used iu the conatruction of tlieso singular huts, which are erected, furnished and intiabited, in two or three hours, the hut is round with an arched dome perfectly well formed, of blocics of snow, with a round slab of ice for a window, it is entered by a long low passage, a raised bank of snow in the interior covered with skins forms the bed, and a second elevation the cook- ing place, or lamp, which is a hollowed stone filled with blubber, having several wicks of moss lighted as required ; the little property of the Esquimaux consist in skins, cooking utensils of stone, and whalebone, sledges, and dogs, the latter are to them what horses are to Europeans, hardy, faithful, and sagacious, but ill treated animals ; the present tribe consist of about 100 persons. 10.— Observation Cairn. '1 hese Cairns of which several may be seen in different directions, consist of piles of stones erected in elevated situations, for the purpose ol astronomical and other scientific calculations. U— Sherriff's Harbour. Capt. Ross having ascertained that no passage existed in the Gulf of Boothia, determined on tryiug a more nothern latitude, and with extreme diflBculty succeeding in getting th« vessel a distance of four miles, and cutting her inio a place of security, which he named Sherriff's Harbour, here he remained during the winter of 1830-1, the most severe on r' Earl J. & G. Nichols, Printers, 'i roiiit, Cianliouru Str«el, Soh9,