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2r' 
 
 :iON. ( 
 
 IN THE 
 
SPEECH 
 
 or 
 
 HON. C. W. CATIICAin'. OF IXDIANA, 
 
 ON 
 
 THE OREGON QUESTION. 
 
 DELIVERED 
 
 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, TUiDAY, FEBRUARY 6, 1846 
 
 WASHINGTON: 
 
 BLAIR & RIVES, PRINTERS. 
 
 1846. 
 

 I 
 
 Till' ri'sfihili 
 All liix. ii' 
 llni.'iiM (if 
 i<riniii:ii'' 1 
 iiliri>'_Mtp I 
 considcnit 
 
 Mr. <'.\T 
 
 ns (i>lliitts: 
 
 Mr. f'li MI 
 
 f^tni'.ru-lc, iiiiil 
 
 Kivr' |iu.~s 
 
 liMruri's as il 
 I Imisr (liirin 
 nivc iif iiotli 
 liyNliiMilir, 11 
 (lii/.cM (ir t\V( 
 cwli inorc! ( 
 liiiir .■^pi'i'di, 
 <lro]i in iipnii 
 
 vifr:) !l(|ii|p|ci 
 
 Mr. (_'liMirm 
 l.'iM-h at thr ( 
 
 I SCO .'iroiii 
 " v.;iiliiiu; till' 
 iriy d'cliii'^ a 
 iiiil/avor lo I 
 Ln-i'l lll,lt,\VM 
 tilric, 1)111 diif 
 ii('i'iiiniii(iilat( 
 
 Should I s: 
 vvlih'li a UTst 
 I)*' nll.iwod II 
 
 llntnidill!; Ill) 
 
 luilil llic pri'i 
 iillsidcM'rd a: 
 l)P.t sit il is; I 
 idv.-iiilairp of 
 till door „i 
 
 ' Niiiijil 
 loid llic ;lo\v ( 
 I hi' " liarvcsi 
 fr'^ii'li'iurii wli 
 111 till' clcvriit 
 cr ill a W( ll-ri 
 i'oclry and 
 lordiii llnir 
 nii'^hl " poiii 
 ihosc roiivcii 
 Airirrii'iM) (!au 
 (il'iiii drawn r 
 iSi'rr.'un of llir 
 lars of thin i 
 Allp^^llany to 
 
THE OREGON QUESTION. 
 
 rill' rr "iliiii'iD fiDin till' Cnmitiincf mi iMiri'i'^ti 
 All lii'^, i'''i|iiiriii'^ till' I'li'siilciil In iiiiliry (irriU 
 riiii;iiii <it' till' iiiiriili'iii III' ilii' I'liilid Siiiiis 111 
 IfTininMU' llir jiiitit i)i-i'ii|i;iiiry ii'" < )ri'.,'iili, mid In 
 iiliiii'.'ittc iIh' riiiivcniiiiii III" IH-.'T, lii'iii'j; uiiilcr 
 
 CDIIsidinilidll in ('nlimilllir nl' ihr Wllnlf — 
 
 Mr. ('ATIl(.'.\ll'r(il>lahKdtlu.n(M)r,an(lHii(ilvc 
 [IS liillows: 
 
 ,\!i-. CiiMUMw: My lilV tins lircii one riinliniKil 
 ini'.ru'li', and yl I iinisl lie )>(rniilii'd to say, tlial 
 I liavi' pa.-scd llu'iiii'^li 1111 sccnr lim'lolon; so [ 
 s(niviiiL'-!y, siron'.;ly rolorid with sn-io-coniical [ 
 riMliircs US lliat wliirli wn have wilMcssiMl in this I 
 liousr (Inrin:: llii' liisi few wcidcs; mid i ran roii- | 
 livr of notliiiiu: sn ludirrfiiis, lo a disinun stcd ; 
 liyslandiT, ns tin; sinuiliancons clliii'i of soinr i 
 do/.cn or two of nuiiilii'rs lo oliiaifi llic lloor, as ] 
 (acli more rortunatr coiniKtilor I'oncliidi il his 
 iiiir s]iciidi. ir our lioinsl conslitii"'n!.< roiild ! 
 (Ini|i in iipoii lis and sec and h<'.ir tlir fnrioiis ili- | 
 viiM's adoiiicd liy many lo olilain %'oiir n sponsc, ! 
 Mr. (.'hairman, 1 am snri', thmiirh thry niiichl 
 aiiL;h It the Carci', ihuy would pily tlw artors. j 
 
 I SCO .iroiind inc already many anxious farcn, i 
 ' wailini; llicir lurii." and as tlic li, si ividcnrr oil 
 iiy li'clinu: appn'rialion of their .silualiim, I will 
 eiid.avor to lie as luief as possible, and only re- ' 
 ret that, wiieii I ^lilali have <iij(iycil my allotted ^ 
 lime, hut one of ii iiosl of elever I'ellov.s eaii he . 
 iircommoilated. 
 
 Should I sav that nii'desty — a i-li;ir:ielerislie for 
 wiii'di a wiMlerii pnliiii ian is iiol apt t<i rereive or ; 
 l)e allowed niui'li eredil — lia.s pi-evenied me from j 
 iMitriiilini; my eriide opinioi^; upon the commiiiei 
 iniiil ilie present momeiii, I fear that I nii'.rht he | 
 roiisidered as Iresjiassiii;; upon ymir iiidulicMice. 
 I'.i't so it i.s; and to hay thai I did not Ii el ihe dis- | 
 iitlvania^'n of my present position, eomini: upon , 
 till door 111 this late lionr, woultl he di nyim; to : 
 myself simple justii'e. ,\fier the '"least 111' reason 
 lud the ;low of soul" whiidi has heeii hron^'ht to 
 the '* harvest-home'' In this dehale hy those aide | 
 treiidemi n who have i!;one liefore me, I nov,-, almosi \ 
 111 the eleventh hour, eoine in as the lininhle ^leaii- j 
 <'r in a well-reaped field. 
 
 I'oelry and prose, hisinry and fiel ion, have af- 
 li.rilrd lh( ir rii h eontrilmlion.-', wherever they! 
 im'j;lit "point a moral or adorn a tale." I''\en ; 
 
 losR ronvenieiit sourei h oI* poelie faney, the i 
 Auieriean eajile and the I'.riiisli lion, liave heen rn 
 ol'ieii drav.p upon, thai the mar o| the one and the 
 M'riani oi" Ihe olher nov.- I',\ll powerless upnii the I 
 rars of this eommiltee. l''roiu ihe apex of tlie | 
 Alleghany to the summit of .Mount Hi nd, the 
 
 I'ird of .Ainerii'a lias xo ofieii hren made to take 
 (liirhi, that his shadow may he saiil to Jirne worn 
 a trail aero.-s the liasin of ihe .Mis.-issipjii; ami ihn 
 poor lord of the hiasts lias heeome .so familiar 
 willi the noiiit of ii liiekory pole and of an ash 
 splinter, tliat he lias slunk away to his lair, and 
 tlii.'io let him lie for the halanee of iiiy nllolttd 
 hour. 
 
 I'ottry has heen all the ra^'e in this dehale; hihI 
 siiiee it IS said thai a man had as well he out of the 
 world as out of the fashion, I inn mus! use a very 
 little; for really there ha.s heen hut little left. 1 be- 
 lieve there yet remains some of the poetry of the 
 IJoiindheads and Cavaliers, a few of the I'saliiis, 
 and the old diity ff IJarhara .Mien. One ihini,' of 
 the latter 1 shall monopolize, and leave the halafiee 
 lo those who may eonii' after me. Well then, sir, 
 " 'Twas in the iiii-rry month of May," in the year 
 of our Lord H4-1, thai two ennveminns or pnlitieal 
 •.,MtherillLrs were held at naltiiiinre; the out — irot 
 up with all niau'iiifieenee and display, ni~d sur- 
 rniindeil with pau'eants, Imll-hails, and liiifi'alo 
 liuiils — seeineil called lo^^ther hy the liiirh pri.sts 
 of the Self-styled WIul.' parly — for whal.' Let 
 their deeds iiiiswer. They look Clay, niid mnilo 
 unto themselves a ijraven inuii,'e, and cdled upon 
 all the people to fall down anil worship it; hut they 
 toiiml ihcniselves in the predicament of him who 
 "called ihe spirits from the vasiy deep," and the 
 spirits would mil come! i'hey stayed away. Ala.s, 
 alas, poor Yorick ! lint the oilier — what did they 
 do.' Why, sir, they took for their standard-hi arer 
 (if we are to helieve those who have u;one Ik fore 
 ns) a tliird-rate man — a man unknosMi to fame, 
 and iindeserviirj: the cniifidence of hii;/ purlij. Wl.o 
 does not riiueinlicr their I: nniin:^ (|uerv: "Who 
 is .laims K. I'olk r Win. is James K. I'olk r" 
 
 How slri'nu;e a duly will devolve upon the future 
 hisioriaii \\ hen he shall come lo record the evenw 
 of the last li'w years. What have we seen? W.'iat 
 do We iioic see in this House.- 'I'hose very ;;riitle- 
 meii, who wi're so very i'^nnranl ahmil Mr. I'nlk 
 a liw short mniiihs a^n, are now ready — ay, itux- 
 imis — to place the destinies of this people upon tin; 
 :;rave ipieslinii of war or peace in his hands. Yotl 
 are told, sir, mo.si iiathelicaliy of the horrors of 
 war; that under its ilark frowns all thai are Idessed 
 and worth hlessinu; on earth must willier and jmt- 
 i.-h like eliaif ht fore ii seven- liie.cs heiited funiacp; 
 I'lal 111 irive iliis notice \y w.ar. And \ei these im- 
 maetih'.le aposlles of cnnsisieiicvare w illinir to vote 
 this iremenihins power into the hands of this very 
 
 K . 1> 
 
 Lei Ih 
 
 It, It tin ir query. 
 
 .iiid from their own mouths shall they he answered. 
 Janus K. I'ollc in so liii;h in tlie confidence of the. 
 
\Vlii;V parly- llml lliry nliximi-ly sfi k tn jilarr llir 
 sudid V. Iiicli, IrnpiiiL;- fidiii its .-ciililiani. will lii-iii'_' 
 tip ill! niiLilily ((Millict two ul' liir i:i'c:iti.sl nalimis ot' 
 till I arili, iii liiN liiuids. Ho imn'li, sir, for a Wlii;; 
 niiswcr in a Wl i:: inicry. 
 
 I!ul \vli;ii said wir Wlicii.iicndiliirliialiioclioii, 
 Nvliiiii /ij((/ (/lie fiiil at Irasi ill imr |i(ilitii'al liistn 
 ry — anil that was. that tlic |irii|i!«' cinilil sricrl tlitir 
 own cai.ilidatc as well as « 1< it liiii' — llic (;iii'sliiiii 
 was asked iif us, " Wlm is Janus K. I'nlk :" I 
 tan spciik tor nuscit", sir, and I wmild li(p|ic (or 
 rvcry d( niociat, wiuii I say that I told tlinii in 
 brill' that 111' was I'olilii'ally a sound dciuorral; 
 morally, not only iiiisuspci'lrd, Iml al>ovi' Mis|ii- 
 cani: and thai hi . and I. is jiarlv with him, almvi' 
 all, wt re in t'avor ol' thr orru|ialion o(' Ori'i^oii and 
 the anm xalmn of Tixas; ih:il he had the lirnini ss 
 so to avow )iini.--(ll', whin olhris wi ri' Iriinniin.: 
 Ihrir .sails to imIi )i tjir jioliliral lijasl; and that to 
 this he owr.s his |!|rs(;nt i livatid |iosilioii raiiiiol 
 be di'iiicd. 
 
 What said the llaltiiiion roiivinlinii, whiili noin- 
 iimtcd him, on this suliJ.iM .- I Irii' it is. sir: 
 
 "Ihsolviil. That our lull' to tin wholt: ot'tlp ,'on 
 ' i.s (dear and uiii|U('stiohal)lf; that no |)orlioii of 
 ' the same ouu'hi tnlir fidid to Kni^laiiil; and that 
 ' llir ri'-ocru|iaiioii i>t'(>r<'i;on and llir n-aiinrxalion 
 ' of Texas, at the earliest prai liralile |ieriod, are 
 ' jjrcat Ainerii an inciisures, whieli this eoiiveiiiioii 
 ' recoiiiineiids li. the rordial mi|i)ii'iI ot' th(' di nio- 
 ' crary ol' the Union." 
 
 Mr. I'olk was ell rted on this is.siie, advaiii id it 
 in iiis inaiiiriiral, and ai,'ain in his .M' ssa.Te, and, 
 with a view to'earry it out. reioinnii luls this no- 
 tire li) lie iriveii. .And the (|nisiion is put to us as 
 ihe re|)reMiilaIives of the Anieriean |ii ople, wheth- 
 er wc will, or will not, respond, not onlv to hiin, 
 .■^ir, hut to ihc .\nii rieaii ]iioplc, who, with waiiii 
 liearls and stroii!.' hands, hid us i;o on and I'nllil 
 iheir deeree: it is said that llio voiee ol' the pi o- 
 jile is tiie viiiie of Ciod. 'J'hen wo to the liaek 
 ward, for tie inilii;-iiant frowns of iiullions ol' free- 
 men are Ujnin them. 
 
 It may not he disguised that tliei-f is diversity of 
 opinion — shall I say, sir. upon the iiKihtti (ijnruutli 
 liy whieli we shall aii|uirethe Origin lerritory .- — 
 and diversity, too, ainoii'.' those who were so unaiii- 
 nioii.s upon il.s twin iinasnre, tlie. aniiexalion of 
 Texas. And this eulls to mind, sir, a very eliasle 
 and elassie, remark of a ijeiilli iiian from Virginia, 
 |Mr. I'r.XDLKrox.] i ijiiote his words, sir: "It 
 ' was said early in the diseus.-ioii thai this Ore^'on 
 ' (lueslion, and ihni of Texas, were horn end eia- 
 ' ult'd in the lialtimore Convention of IH44; Iwin.s, 
 ' as mv honorahlefiiend from AlassaehiiseitN says: 
 ' <iro, lie miiihl with inori; preei.se ai'eiiruey li.ive 
 'said, out of a very niinu runs I'ltUr of as nioii- 
 ' .strous politieal ahsurdilies as any i mielavc, liy so 
 ' rapid a parturilion, ever.vyji/iriui/ upon llie wurid." 
 A htlir spawned I 
 
 Why, Mr. Chainnan, I urn reminded liy this of 
 the I'ae.l ihai, in tin: distriet wliieh the iri iillemaii 
 reprosciils, instead of feeiliiii.' upon tin; wholesoine 
 flesh of the lio^' and other i|uai!rupi ds. llnir main 
 Kubsi-slenee is the " rotonme rohin," aliis the lier- 
 Tiiij,'; and in this fishy xiiiool the frenllinian mi nis 
 to iiavi! learned his iilea.s of ri|iiodr,rtion, and lie 
 liven us a siieein.eii 
 
 ha.s 
 
 1 
 
 a t'li.al (lili'ereiRe *• liel 
 
 knohs aloii^ the I'oioniar river; and I only rojrit 
 
 tliJit, for the eredil of ,i iiorii f tin- Old |)oiiiin- 
 
 ion, the L'eiillemaii liail not del'ern il his s|ii'i'i'|| 
 until al'ler the fishing' season. 'J'he i,'eiiileniaii Ims 
 
 I 1,'iven us, too, anollur version of the story of'-Jo. 
 
 j nail's swallowiii!,' the whale," when he spi:ik» iif 
 Mr. I'olk as one of this Ullirsiuiiniiil. Wliy,sir,lii' 
 
 I must he u !;r( at fellow for fish, this Mr. 'folk; hi- 
 
 ' has swallowed tlie leviathan of wlii^L'ery, ears iiml 
 all, without 1,'reasi' or pimiini; liaek ; and some, nf 
 
 ' the .'enlleniairs friends are yet wailin;; iiis rieeoiid 
 aiUi lit ! 
 
 'I'lie ireiillem.in is pleased to advert to what lii> 
 
 , ealls the aiiL'rv and eonleniliin; fartimis of the |)i m- 
 oeratie party upon this i|Ue.-tioii of notice. Iji.s 
 "hope is fallier to the thoii'^hl;" In: need not lay 
 the (lalleriiiL' uieiioii to his soul llial we will so far 
 I'ialify him and his friends, and so far jnove rei'ii- 
 ant to the jrieal trusts reposed in us hya eoiifnliii,' 
 and iri Herons eonstitueiiiy, ,i.s to array oiirselvi- 
 ill l'ailion.<, and to tear down the fiir lemplc so well 
 hi uun. 
 
 Ihii should we do so, sir, what is lie nnd liin 
 pariis.iii eoadjiitors to lake liy that niotion .' Arr 
 they united.' Who does iioi reiiiemher the hilar- 
 iiess of his remarks to some of his ahle l'ello\v-la- 
 liorers in the eanse of moilerii v\hiLri,'ery — tliiwc 
 
 who were with liiiii in kiepinu; Texas out, die 
 t.irili" up, fietiiiii; Mr. Clay in if they I'ould, and in 
 every sense were as .Sinioii I'lire Whiu's as hiiii.self- 
 
 I I'lie phantom whieh m ems to oppre.ss the vivid 
 iniaLri nation of the i;eiiili man i.~ the idea of a srram- 
 hle anion:: the Dinioiraiy for the next PriMihiicy, 
 vvliile he has to sland hy, as we say in the West, 
 "like a liouiid hoy at a hnskiiiL'."' 
 
 'I'he ;.'enlli'iii;ui ii.-ks iiow are we to iupct Great 
 I'riiaiii in Orepm; or, in other words, iiow arc we 
 ti. U'l t there.- Ill' undersl;(nds the /i.s/ii/ ronle — llie 
 naile hy sea; that i.s perlielly familiar to him; and 
 he si".;y;e:,ts Hood and valid ri asoiis show in:; v\'liy 
 we eaiinot i;o that \\ ay. I'lit, sir, there is aiiiither 
 route, wliiili I shall i!esii:na!e the ifni.s.v;/ route; and 
 this route is to liini iin'ompreheiisihli'; and why? 
 ijieause as pork is displaied over the river hy fixhi 
 HO ijrass is hy sedfre; and he h;is not found out the 
 many useful |iiirp>ises to whieh it may he applied, 
 rsow, let nie tell the ;:enlleman and this eomiiiiltec, 
 that from the prairie on whieh 1 reside, nearLiike 
 .Mirhi'.;an, to the Columhia, with very hrii f inter- 
 Viils, you find a natural nianlle of the most luxuri- 
 ant verdure eoverinj; the face of the eouiitry. Thai 
 ill tin; siimniir season, any ininiher of nitlle — 
 thousands and leiisof tlious:iiids — may he suhsisted 
 aloim the roiiie; that, with their aid, nur liaidy 
 western rilh men ean transporl all the muiiiliiiiis, 
 Ae., neei ssary to a mii ressi'ul eampaii;n; and tiial 
 they Would jioiir down upon the niinioiis of Ihiti-sh 
 
 ' power from the slop.- of the mountains, as IVapo 
 leon did upon the Miiiny plains of Italy. The tiiiln 
 
 I of the (diase and liie hardshi|is of u frontier life 
 leive liroiii^hl into i xisleiiie a rate of men particil 
 larly well ipialifnd for siie.h iin ailventure— uild 
 they will do it! 
 
 A Word more, and I will leave that i;riitlenian 
 lie liiis v\ ittily alluded lo my eoilia:;ne's eelehraled 
 "Anieriean iiiulli|dieati>in tahle," and has enjoyed 
 a llii'i: at our wo.ihy Chief Ma::isliate anil hcorfr 
 
 eiiowayhy 
 
 un lold that thej-e , t.uy of .Slate, lie says that I 
 
 01 rullier fi.>l 
 
 ore and alter meat. 
 
 , hie 
 
 leipiire Oregon, exeepl hy the opt la- j 
 
 1, among the people of iht .•jterile lion of ihi.s tahle; and thai he is really ui>pithtil- 
 
iiMil I only rrjrM 
 
 ' III'' Ol.l Del,"!,,. 
 
 n( (I Ills sjiicili 
 
 <■ l^liltlllllMM lllis 
 'ic .sl(i|-y iir''J(i. 
 
 I'll ln' S|.|ilkil (l| 
 
 <(/. Wliv.sir,!,,: 
 ii-* .Ml. P'.lk; li,. 
 iii:irii y, cmi-.s ami 
 k ; unci Sdiiiit (if 
 iiitiiii; liis ;!uc.on(l 
 
 virl Id wlml \\,\ 
 
 inns (if llii' I )i Mi- 
 ni' IKilicc. Ili^ 
 lir ||<-<'(I Milt lay 
 ml we. w ill NO far 
 I tar |iriivi; rrnc- 
 IS liy a coiilidiii,' 
 iinviy (uirsi^lvi . 
 lir ttiiiidc so well 
 
 is III' mill his 
 
 iiinliiiii • Ait 
 
 iiIm r ihr liiiiir- 
 
 iililf I'l llii\v-la- 
 
 liiir:,'cry— thdst 
 
 '(j\as mil, ill!.' 
 
 ly rmilil, anil in 
 
 ;;s lis liiin.-irji'' 
 
 rr.ss llif vivid 
 
 ..liii I if II scraiii- 
 
 ir\l I'ltMiltiicy, 
 
 ill lilt; Wist, 
 
 'I'. 
 
 nil 
 
 'y 
 
 to Pirrt Great 
 irds, how are we 
 ■ I'lsliy route — tin- 
 lilinr to him; and 
 is .show iiiu; why 
 , llicrc is iiiuilliiT 
 if/'K.s.v;/ riiuti,'; and 
 sililr; Mini wliyT 
 thf river liy lisli,^ 
 Kit roiiiiil iiiil llie J 
 may lie ii|i|ilied. I 
 1 ihi.s coiiiiiiltle'', I 
 I siili', iicarLakf,^ 
 very lirii t" iiiliT-^ 
 ihi: iiioKl luxiiri-? 
 !• roiiiitry. Thai j 
 llnr ol' riittlt:— : 
 limy lie .suhsisleil ; 
 
 nil], our hardy ' 
 I till' niiiiiiliiiii!<, 
 >|iaii:'ii; nliil thai 
 iiiioiis III' liritisli 
 it^iiiis, as Na|iii. 
 Italy. TinMiiiU; 
 it' II iVoiilitr li/f ' 
 
 of 111! 11 |mrtiiMi-i 
 nilMiiturc— and 
 
 tlint ;;nilli'ni;in. 
 'file's I'l'li'lii'aled; 
 iml has cnjiiyod 
 ilrali; anil .S '.'ro- 
 ll SIT no wa\ hy 
 |il liy lh(! (i|iiia- 
 'c'ully iijiiiieheii- 
 
 Nive llinl if wc li.'ivn to ilijiiiiij ii|ion llic. two u'i'ii- I 
 tli'iui II iilioM'-iiirnlioiii'ii, lliiit Clncrii Vii'toriii nnil 
 Mr. I'i'( I W ill ln'iii us Mt lliiit, Sohii'llilii;: in ll lit. 
 Mr. ('Imiruinii; Iml liow loiriMy roiilil Mr. I'olk 
 retort ii|ion liiiii, "Ami thou, loo. I'.nii IIS.-" Why, 
 sir, I iini told that tliat::eiilli;iiiiursloiie,sonu.' heiutli 
 is lis sail ii (lii lure its i •• "r was seen of llit; tlilcls — 
 sir, tilt' tniiil of I ll't'i'ts of " Love's liilior lost." 
 
 iN'ow, sir. It) t'onie iiiii'k to lliise twill lueasurts, 
 or tiro iiiea: tins, if you |deiist'. Tht' tine lias bet ii 
 I oiisuiuliiiitt'il — Tt \iis is iiiini'Xtil — slit- is one' oC 
 us, anil \vt' iirt^ iinxioiisly wailiii;,' Cor tlic ailvt^il 
 niuoiiu' us of 111 r ri'|ire;tt iilative.4 in Imili ends of 
 lllis ('a|iitol. 
 
 What I )i'iuorral IVoiii llic .South rt liiikiil the ar- 
 ilurol'lhe \Vi:l in ihtMiuryin'-C nt' lliis iin asiire.' I 
 a|i|Mal to you, ^elitli men of the South: Did you 
 not then feel |iriiiiil to tall us lirollnrsr And iliil 
 not voiir i.iil.^e lieat lii'.;h ns you saw our uii(hiiiiit- - 
 ell front, iintl llie viuoj- with which wi: presst^l tin 
 the t'ldtuiin .' J)iil we halt liy the way side iiiid .<iy, ' 
 the linif is iiol yet- Did we |irelentl to he with 
 ytiit as to the tnil, lail eavil as to ihtt uiealisr No, 
 sir, no ! I'lit tVoiii |>i'aii'ie and wooil, hill ami dale, 
 the Deiiioeraey sent U|i llieir liallli-cry-— Texas and 
 ()i'eL;(>n, Oreiroii and 'i'exas. 'I'exas we liavt — 
 (>i'e'_'oii WI' look lor. Will yoii "kit p tlif word of 
 inoinise to till- tar, and Imak it to the lio|ie.-" 1 
 Know, lis a hotly, you will not; Init I should lie i 
 lirouil to see tile entirety of the 'gallant South lead- ' 
 in:; the van in the assertion of our ii:;lit to On 'ion, 
 ami in the iulo|ilioii of the iiieasiiri s rreoniininiled 
 liy u souilii rn I'resiilt nt for the asseilion of that 
 ri;;ht. llo'A-, then, would lie rolh tl liaek ujion the 
 disiiMionisis of the North, the trrave eharue brouirlit 
 iiL^aiiisI you, "that you were elaiinisli in your I'eel- ' 
 iii'is anil St ctioiial in your iiatriotisni." j 
 
 Anil now, sir, I ho|ie my inotivis may be |irii|>- 
 1 r!y a|i|irt eialeil in advtrtin^j; lo the remarks of j 
 S'lnie of tilt; ;,'i'nlleineu from the South, who have 
 dillert ll fi'oin the maiorily of us u{ioii this (|ueslioii. ' 
 
 'J'lie s|iirit of tilt' \\'t St, its I'lithiisiastie ill volion 
 to the irlory and ;;ranili ur of our eoiumoii eountry , 
 anil l!ie i'iilal';:emi lit of the bniiiiils of eivili/alion, 
 and tilt; i'X|iaiision of our reimbliraii institutions, 
 has lieeii cilli'il a war s|iiril; ami we have been read 
 l( iliiit's u|ion the horrors of war, anil the bli'ssiiii;s 
 til' iieaee; ami told that by llie ilt eisive aetioll wliieli ' 
 \\t' are iiboui lakiiiir we lia/.ard i'\erytliiiiu uml I'mi ' 
 pain nothiii;,''; that wi.sdoui dielates u eoiirst; of 
 "liiaslfrly iiiae'ivily.'' 
 
 Sir, was it by tin's siiiiiuo eoursf thai we ;;aiiit d 
 our |ire.>enl iiali [leiiili lit txisieiiet' as the fri ist ami 
 lia|ijiiest 111 ii|ili' 111 I'iirtlir Was it by iiiaiiivity thai 
 ^^ e SI all ll our title to be consiih ml one of the lirst, 
 and L,reatt St, and bravesl |n ople uinli r lieaven'.s 
 sun : — in a word, was it by niasti riy iiiai'tivity that 
 we ai'i|uiriil Tt xas.- An, .sir, tin! l!ul by action 
 — eiii;r;;i'tii', lu'tion I 
 
 I'tai'e is one of tilt; ':;reale'-:t , a.nd be-;', null Indi' si 
 irlfts of Heaven. iS'tver shall 1 talk lightly of itn 
 blessili;is. Would to I leavi'll thilt its beiiii;naiit ' 
 sinilt: might forever rest u|ioii all the idiildreii of 
 iiii'ii! I 
 
 r>ut, .sir, it ni'i'il not bt; disf;iii,sed — the (liiy.s of , 
 the uiilli niiium have not yet arrived. AVe must 
 oi'iasioniilly brave war ami all its horror.s, or sink i 
 into eoiituiiii ly and enuteui|>l, anil befome a by- i 
 wortl and a re|iroai li amoii^ tliu nations of tin; | 
 earth. I 
 
 We arc- asked, .sir, if \ye t \prtt, by L'iviii^ tlii.^ 
 Iiotit'f, to ilis|iossi SN I'',iiu:laiiil' .And ni,'aiii, if wi; 
 sn|i]iosi' th:it we eaii elli il our |iiii|iose by reniliii'.; 
 law lo the liritish troo|isf Did we not read "our 
 law'' to iMi'Xii 11, bai'kiil as she was by both Kii;;- 
 laiiil anil l''rani't .' Ami did we not inseribi' the sec- 
 ond edition in legible iharaelers, by the l''iot-|.riiit.s 
 of an .'Vnii'ii' an solilitry in the sands of ('or|iuM 
 Clirisli,' What western man then heltl biiek? 
 What western man — or, I should rather say, wesl- 
 ern dt moerat — then held the c did shoulder to yoti, 
 ai.dtalleil this a souilitrn measure.' iVoni', HJr; 
 nolle, at least, in lln ;:allaiil Stati w liieh 1 have the 
 hoiior in part to re|iresent. 
 
 So bitterly oji|iosi'il i.re llir leaders of tin; AVhi'.^ 
 jiarty in the st eiion of eoimlry I'roiii whieli I hail, 
 to tlie ri!iliietion of the tarill'to the ri vt'iiui; stand- 
 ard, and so vi ht'inent is their hate towards South 
 ('arolina for the stand she has taken upon this 
 siibjei;!, that their bitleiest term of reproai'h, as 
 they I'onsider it, has lit in to ilesiirnali' a Demoi'.rat 
 a .South Carolina politii-ian. Sir, I have borne 
 this name in latiniile forty-one and a half for years; 
 but I nally have lietn appri Innsive, lately, that 1 
 shall be tom|M lied to ask my Whi;r friends to 
 aiiit'iiil tht; litlt'. I enii staiiil a ijood ileal from tin; 
 Lrallaut palinitio .State — my sympathirs have been 
 with 111 r. 1 have seen her fields deserttil, anil 
 her ])ala('eH made lies. .late, by tin; iron heel of the, 
 oppressor. I have seen the ailvaula^^es wliieh God 
 has i;iv''ii her Iraiisferreil to re;;ions less favored 
 by iiati *t', under tile opt ration of oppressive eiiaet- 
 ments; .mil, al'li r a loin: and anluons struu':;le, I 
 have I'oiiie here now iiistrni'ted to do her Jiistiee. 
 Texas, Ori'u'ou, and the tarilf. with tht: other threat 
 niea.-iures now before us, shall each in their turn 
 receive or meet with, from me. such aetioii as an 
 honorable, and just, and Ikhih fnli iiiterpretatioii 
 of tht: issues place. 1 by mir natioaal conventioii 
 before the American piojile shall retiuire at our 
 hands. 
 
 I'ut lllis iloclrini' of "masterly inactivity;" 1 
 eaniio! find it in the jiroceeilin'.'s of the Deniociatii; 
 coiivt ntiiMi. I may, however, see room for its in- 
 I'erenct; t'roiii the nei^lect to mention Texas and 
 ()re;,'on in the proceetlinusof the W llii; convention; 
 but, sir, that is not the chart wliicli 1 steer by. 
 
 Mastt rly inactivity, when the ri'.;bls of my cnun- 
 Iry uru at stake! VViiy, sir, the idea is saciile- 
 u'lons. Then is. liowiver. soun ihinu: superlative- 
 ly ridiculous ill this iileaof 'iiasterly inaciiviiy and 
 bedchamber diplomacy. Why, run the one into 
 the otln r. and a jiir^' of old women would declare 
 you ileraim;t:il. 
 
 We are told to remain tiuiet, and that Orerjon 
 will be coiU|iit red in our bidcbambers. Sir, ilo 
 iCentlemen ftiruiet that ine bedchambers of lUir own 
 citizens are now in Ore^^on, unprotected; that they 
 are surrounded by the crealiires of a foi'ei;;n eor- 
 porali'in; that they cry aloiitl lo us for protection 
 ironi the wilderness; and that it will be a burniiiLr, 
 s.'iu'cliinu:, bl.istin^ .vhame upon us, if we heed iheni 
 not.' 
 
 It is true that we of the West have a jiarticular 
 anxiety upon lliis suliject, not because we look 
 upon it as a western measure, Itut because t>iir 
 brethren, our I' ieiitis, and our connexions, have 
 cast their lot on the other sitle of the Koi'ky moun- 
 tains. I know some of these people. They were 
 of those who lieljied us lo reilaiiii one wilderness 
 
— a lliililc, 'j-ilii THUS MCf — ;i riu'r sent l;( I'lirc tin' 
 )iiii:-si s III' rivili/.( il lilr, iiM lln cIhvc iViim ilic over- 
 ciiiwilctl iirk. 'I'liry riiiiu' lint iinck, Imt luut' 
 Jill' 111 (I llicii- trills ill llic l';ii- West. Slmll \vv iiul 
 kirp (Mir iiivi'iiiiiit willi lluiiir Slmll wr nut |iiii- 
 Ircl Aiiicric':!ii riti/rtis I'lioii nil Aitn'rii mi sciilr 
 Kiir, iiciiw illisliiiuiiii'j: the linlisli iiiiiiislrr liiis IimiI 
 lunsl iililc MSsislniliT nil illis llncir. \rlirir. I Mill 
 tVl I' to M(llllit, I lllillk III' Inil lull lilllr liixlll III r\- 
 
 ]ii Ti it, V't wliiit licis liri II till' i< suit 111' nil iiiir ill- 
 v< sii','iiiiiiii .' 'I'liiii ilir linlisli |ir('t(iiiT 111' mil' is 
 like till' liiiM less t'ulirir of a (Iriiiiii ; tliiii it is mily 
 siriiiii; ( iiiiuv;li In lie iiLuiii iii words, liy ii s|itrics 
 (if I'oiili iii|ililili' s|iiriiil |il<'iiiliii^'. uiiworiliv 111' tilt' 
 IioIHUmIiIi' l'r|ir('Si'lil;ilivc III" IIIIV 111 li'U'alilr lialioil | 
 — ilisiTpiilalili' ill M riiiiiitv-i'oiirt |iiltiro;;i.'rr. i 
 
 I shall not ariTiif tlu' iiurstimi of tillr at liir^lli. I 
 It wmild lie Mil act "f sii|i<'nrii;,Mtioii on my |iMit | 
 nl this liiiu', al'irr llic alilr cxiiositimis wliirli \\c \ 
 liM\r liaii, liotli ri'oill tlir I'Ai rillivc aiiii in tlii.s 
 J jail. I'm I iiiiisl III' iH'i'iiiillril III allililr to one jut- • 
 sitloll ot° till' 111 ilish llllllisll'l". Mill! I lio this liri'Milsr, ; 
 " ill a iiutsliril,'" it shows a iicrlirl s|i('i'iiii(li 
 of till' iiMluic of tin: Urilisli siilr of lhl^ (lucsliou. 
 ll.sMVs: 
 
 I. The Aiiifrii'Mii titli' is not ;;iiiul a^'iiiiist (jrcal i 
 Pu-itaiu, hiM'ausc it is iiironsisliiit witl; that of, 
 S|iaiii. 
 
 'i. 'I'lif SpMiiisli title is not iroiiil a'_Miiisl fireat ' 
 rinlain, liii'attse it coiillirls with tliMl of the L'liited , 
 SiMles; Mild I 
 
 'A. TliMt lienre the British title is i^oml aLTaiiisI 
 hoth. I 
 
 Here wc lia\e, sir, a new versimi nf the old sto- 
 ry of the Imn-nwed pot. A lawsuit mii'i- t ink 
 |ilaee, involviiii: the (HU'slion of datiia'jfs on a lirn-i 
 lien 11(11: and the leanieil atlnriiey nf the defend- 
 ant liieil his defeiii-e as follows; I'''irst. thai the iint | 
 wa.s lirokeii when he liorrowed il; secondly, lliat ' 
 it was whole when he retiinud it; and tliiriHy. liial 1 
 lie had never iiail it. ' ] 
 
 N'l) one denies our n'^ht to irive this notice. 
 Then why not L'ive it.- Amnii,' the many (tn me) 
 stiainre and inciiiiiprelK'iisililc reasmis Viven liy 
 gentlemen ai;ainst this measure, inuie is more so 
 than lliiU i^iveii liy two or three of the irenllemen 
 who have preceded me, and which is, in siili- 
 stance, that i onsisleiicy re(|iiires of them that they 
 vole on the side contrary to that of the vi iieralile 
 irenlleiiian from Massachiiselts; and yet I don't 
 kiinw liut that this is as irood an aru'imiciil airainst 
 the proposition hefiin' IIS ,v any which has been 
 advanced. ' 1 
 
 Mr. Chainiiaii, I thank Ci'nd that I came hero: 
 under lei such ma'^nelic inlliieiii'. . suliject to l<e 
 i:alvani/ed into iiosiiive or neiMiive pnsiiiniis upon ■ 
 this LM-eat (|iieslioil liy the in linn nf nlli-'rs. il is 
 (■ii'Ui::h for iiie to know that my counlry calls, and 
 I ;rii, rci'arilless alike of those who shiill :ro with ; 
 inc. and of those who sliall pref r to la^- liehinil. 
 
 Anntlier grave rciison i;iven liy olie u'aiitli inan 
 why we should not now ad is,'tliat .lolin i'liill, 
 tlmuLih an old liull, is a very stout Imll at present. . 
 and that we had lielle;- wail iiiilil he fills further 
 iiiln •' the sere and yellow leaf." Oli, my cnim- 
 trynieiil ha-- it eniiie to tliis.iha' the .\iiiirii-aii peo- 
 ple are to he appealed to tliroiiL'-li their fears; and [ 
 that, in a righleniis cause, wc iin^ to await the • 
 nate.ral decay of our adversary hefore we dare as- j 
 neri our ri^^ht.s to our own territory .- 'i'hu voice I 
 
 nf our people Piiliiil It; and ihn liniirs of our an- 
 cestry woiilil rise ill jiidLriiient ii'.'aiiisl us should 
 we prove so derelict III our duty to mir coiinirv; 
 and the lii|(,'er of scorn — lulter wiiliering Ncorn — 
 would lie piiinleii at us liy ivery repiihljcan on 
 (iod's footstoiil 1 
 
 Alinnsi every one who lia.s spoken agrees that 
 our litli' 111 ( )ie'j:oii IS clear iiiid iuii|iieslioiialile; anil 
 llie niosl if the anti-nolice men iNpress great anx- 
 ielv to possess the \\ hole of It, and Wnillil fun 
 make us lielieve tin', liv n fraiiiin;: I'roiu giving the. 
 lintice, time v.'ould lie '.'ained, and in the mean- 
 while our eiii/eiis would cniiiiniie to pour into the 
 coiiiitrv, and that these private coiupaiiies and f un- 
 tiles would acconijilisli that which they in the 
 liinst despairing tones assure us the whole force 
 of the people's Lioveriiiiieiit cannot ac oinplisli — 
 namely, the evpiilsion of the Hudson I'ay Coin- 
 paiiv. I low preposlerniis a p silioii I 
 
 Uefiise t'l ;;iM' this notice, sir, and who will go 
 into lliis territorv .' True, many have gone there 
 in the face nf our joint com entinn, treaty of jniiil 
 occupation, or trading'' eoparliiership, as u'eutlcinei) 
 mav please In call it; lull they Went tliire with I'lill 
 faith, lielieviiig that llieir ttovi rnnieiit would exteiii! 
 to tlieni the prnteciion whiili is line to every .■\iii(r- 
 icaii eiti/en. ■Siilninnn says there is a tune for all 
 things; and now, sir, is the time to give this no- 
 tice, nr to tamely siilmiil, cower, skulk, shrink, 
 spaniel-like, liel'ore the meiiacesi of a delesleil and 
 overlieaiin;: adversary, llefiise to give this notice, 
 and I ask, ai;.iin, who will east their lot inOreLTon.' 
 I lerc an Knirlisliiiian, there an Ameriean, and anon 
 an Indian, with as niaiiv systems of goveriiiiii nl 
 as lliere are individuals. Why, sir, we would lie 
 verifying, on a lar'ge scale, Shakspeare's idea of 
 the witches' cauldrnn in .Maclieih; and if tlieihvil 
 was not raised \>\ su'li a iniii'_:liiig >if discnrdant 
 spirits, set nie ilou ii as a false prophet. 
 
 We are asked how we expect to dlspossi'S.^i ilm 
 Hudson l!ay ( 'nm|iany of her pallisade fnrts in 
 Oregnn ■ Is il pnssilile ill, it an Ann rican can doulit 
 iipoii ;his point? Prepare yourself and deniaiid 
 tin ir sinnnder, as |''.tlian .Mien did the siirreiider 
 nfTicondern'^a. " in the name iif llie (.Jreal .lelio- 
 vali and the ( 'nntiiienlal ('migress." And this r<;- 
 niiiids me of the sneers of some genlleiiiiii in lela- 
 lioii to what they call niir "western doctrine of 
 maiiifesl desUny." Do geiitli'iiieu rellect where 
 they place themselves liV these sil<ers .' Do lliey 
 foi'^et th.it the .Savioiudl" luankind has said that a 
 " sparrow shall not fall to the ground w Ithoiil your 
 I'',iilii'ir"" .\ii(| yel we are asked, where is the, 
 clause in .Adam's will which gives iis this territory r 
 .Apart from the '• linok-title,'' which is "clearand 
 lllli|Uesliniiali|e." we .see il \M-ill(ll ill letters of 
 living li'.'hl in everyihing which surrounds us — in 
 tliat mercii'id disjieh.-aiinn. full lA' charity and lo\e. 
 towards iln- f.illin cliililri ii of .Ndani — nf a just and 
 nniliis'ieiil (iod, who h.'is ufiveii to man that colli rnl 
 of llie eleinenls, llie eli'eci of wiiicii is In iirilig the 
 reniolesi parts of niir vast cniinlry into |)rac,tii al 
 propiiKpiily. The iron horse, (the strain-car,) 
 wiili the uiiil;s nf the wind, his nostrils dislemled 
 with /lame, s ilamander-like vomiting liif^ and 
 siii'ike. treiilMnig willi power, lull suliiiiissive In 
 the steel lurli imposed upon him liy llie hand <> 
 iiiaii, llies from one end of the eoiiiinenl to the 
 other in less time than our ancestry required to 
 \i..il 11 neighboring eiiy; while by the luagiiftic 
 
irs of Dili- (ID- 
 
 ll>t IIS sliiiiilil 
 
 "•111- rdiiiiiry, 
 'iiii;; Ni'iirn — 
 ■•■|iill)llr,iii OM 
 
 II liirri'CN ilml 
 iliiiimlili'; aiiit 
 ■ss ijiTiil aiix- 
 
 I wi.iiM Ciin 
 "III 1,'iviii!,' ihn 
 
 II lllr iiiruii- 
 |">iir iniii (he 
 iiiiN ami tain- 
 
 liny ill ilic 
 ■ will lie t'cip'r 
 
 !<• Cll|l|l||s|| — 
 
 II Hay Coiii- 
 I 
 
 wlni will iji) 
 <■ iiuiicf ilicre 
 •cMly of joJMt 
 as u'ciillciiKii 
 K'l'c willi lull 
 ivoulil rxii'iii! 
 cvtry Aiiiir- 
 
 II liiiif fur all 
 i^ivc tins iiii- 
 <ulk, slniiik, 
 (lii( slid and 
 r lliis iKitirc, 
 i[ ill Orcu'^oii ? 
 an, anil ininn 
 
 U'l'Vcniiiiiiit 
 \f wuiild 111 
 ii-f's idia 111' 
 (I iriliiMJrvil 
 r (lisciirdaiit 
 
 ■J|)I1SS('SS ilir 
 
 ailr fiiris in 
 
 III r:\u duiilit 
 mil di'iiKiiid 
 ic surrrnilrr 
 ( ill ill .lilio- 
 Aiid lliis rc- 
 imn in nla- 
 
 (liK'Iriiii: 111' 
 'llcrl wiicrn 
 
 ■ l)i) tlicy 
 < said iliat a 
 
 itlniiU yiiiir 
 
 In r<^ is llio 
 is leirilory .' 
 
 " cloai'and 
 II li'tlcis nC 
 Hills lis — in 
 
 IV and line, 
 if a just and 
 that rontriii 
 II ill'ill!^ tin: 
 itii prar.tiial 
 strain-i'iir,) 
 M dislriidfd 
 ^ fii'i! liiid 
 imissivi' in 
 Ih> liaiid 11 
 lint 10 llic 
 lerjiiircd to 
 u mairitt'lio. 
 
 
 ti l<'L;i'a|ili ilif liirliinin;,' nl' lioavni is iiiailc! siilif^cr- 
 viciil III 'III' \\ill iit'inaii in anniliilatinLr N|iarr. In 
 Htoriii and in ilarUiii ^s, in tin' licat of a tnriiil siiii 
 111- llii: rliillinir liLisis of a Sil.i rian winliT, tliis inys- 
 liral hV'iilliiil ol liian'M inlillii^inri' s|ii;i.'dn ilH iin- 
 wiird uav. Truly il may I"' said, that witli tin' 
 siii'ial iniliiiiiri' of (lirsi- two i,'iial iiivriilions, all 
 llir |ii ojilc III' tills riiiitinrnl may lir inonldril to oni' 
 mind. And wliai In ait ilms not liaji at llir vision 
 IH'csi iitril III' tliis '^fial Irriitoiy |ii'ii|i|id liy onr 
 ripnliliran rainil v .' Woiiid il lir saviiiir to" niiirli, 
 llial tin- nia^iiitir trli-;ria|ili may In' riiiii|iaii d , 
 wlirli rXtriiilid, as ixlinilrd il will lir, iivrr tlii' 
 l( irrili and lirradili ol' mir land. In tlir inrvoiis sys- 
 Irin of till: linniaii liiiily.' 'I'lir sriisations ol' its 
 rriiioKst |iiirls will vilnatr n|ion a riiniinon srnso- 
 rinin, roiniiiiiiiii'iilin.r its ray of inlilliurni'i' In a 
 riiiniiiiin niilir, to In- sent to all otliir [iirlions ul' 
 Hill' lii'jiiildii'. 
 
 Willi. lliMi, shiill nirasuri' liic limits of a I'lmrrd- 
 cnii'v of Si ilrs likr ours • Willi, tlnii, shall |ii r- 
 |iilriiti' tlial iilinost mn'rilcijious ini|iiilali'iii ii|"iii 
 llir liirny 111' llravrn, iiliil say that tin lilissiiii;s 
 I if this rnion an' s|iriailin',' too far - What, thin, 
 will III Toiiii' of till' iry that w<' do not wanlOii'- 
 ;riin, lii'i'iiiisr of lis L'rial disiann- • ] low aL'nralilr 
 tlir vision of Stair afirr Stair roiniiii^ into this 
 •rrral |riii|i|i' of fn rilom, and Imrnini; tinir inrinsi' 
 ii|ion all altar ronsrria'i il in tlir i iijiiyini-iit of civil 
 and ri'liuioiis liluriy. 
 
 'I'hi' I'ry of soiiir is that wr arc not |iri'i>aiid', 
 and soiiir [ji'iillrnn li> ilidr|irrcatini: i iir wi akinss, 
 and in ('ulo'ii/in:; t\\v I'naiiii'.-is of Enu'lainl's 
 |in\\cr, liavr. 111 my liiinilili' o|iiiiiiin, madi' s|Mirli- 
 rs nnirh IhIIi r siiiti d to thi' Inii'^itiidi- of \\ rst- 
 iniii-itir Hall than to that ofihi' tloor ol' ilir .Annr- 
 icaii lloiisfiif IJi inrsiniallvi s. I assirl lio!ill\-, 
 ;oiil willioiit frar of ronliailirlion, that wi' an now 
 111 ttrr |iir|iari'd to \\.\\sr a snrri'ssfiil war than il 
 \\{- hid 111 rn frillrrin^ away onr sulislan r iliirin;!: 
 ihi' loll',' piriod which lias inirrvcind siiici' thr 
 trialy of Uhciil, in krc|iiiiy alloat an iinnicnsi 
 navy, and a ijrral and s|ili'inlid military i slaMi.'-h- 
 niiiil. Whv, sir, it can he rslaldishcd — I ini'^ht 
 almost sav malhiinatirally — that by hnsliandiii'j; 
 onr means, we a'jLni'.'ale onr ea|iacity for any 
 enier^'eiicy; and wlnii that einiri;eni'y arises, that 
 this pre|iaralion in time of piaee, consiiiiili s ihe 
 liest, the stroii'list. and most iclialile fonndalion 
 for ell'cclive iinlitary defensive iiiiJ a'."_'ri'ssive opi r- 
 atimis. 
 
 Let the shrill liii'.rle-ldasl lireak upon onr ears, 
 and from the nioiiiilain side, and valley's depiii, 
 prairie and wood, as if touched hy the h mil of 
 iiiM'^nc, you will see the Irue sons of C'olumhiii 
 sprni'^ini; rrspnnsive to their eoiinlry's call. The 
 slirill whistle of the Scottish ehieflam never ealleii 
 as ready anil as d'ti rnnneil a elan around his 
 slanilaril, n.s would rally under the ()re;;oii h.unier. 
 The people, the 'j:rei',t masses, those whose servants 
 Ul- aie. aiiil mIihm' nrdi rs the :;(iiius of our ilisli- 
 tiitions diMiiands that we slioiild ohev, are lieaviii'/. 
 1 inii^'ht sav, like the waves of that i;real ocean, ii 
 whose coiifmes they demand the extension of the 
 American repnhlie. And, sir, as wave afier wave 
 of piililie opinion enhninales and lireaks into foam, 
 when I look' around me and see the daii'zer into 
 which some i^entlemeii here have placid ihiiii- 
 selves of heinir eni;ulted •■viid hnriid deeii, diep be- 
 neath the turrid waters, 1 v.'oiild waniUiviii, wliilc 
 
 iliere is yet time, to spriii;; nlioaril the ark of po- 
 lille.il .--afi ly. 
 
 ('aniite was so ixallnl by the (lattery nf lijri 
 ciiiirlii rs ihat he foohslily lielieMil that In: eoiild, 
 by Ins lordly coiiilliand, slay the wavex of the si a, 
 and i id them, *■ ijius far .sfialt llniii eome, and no 
 f.uther." 
 
 As well nii::iil you alK'nipt to roll back the tidal 
 waM' of the i;reat I'neifie neeaii, a.s it conn s tliim- 
 ileriii^ oilthc eoa"l of the On u:on, as to sla v thi.i 
 Lne.it inoveineiil, this |ini;riessive movement, if ymi 
 pli ase, nf the Aimrii an millions: anil as a I'm nd, 
 
 I wiiiild here warn the "( ■aiinles" of this llniise 
 to east their eyes npnii laiid befnrr llie waves shall 
 dash with spray their chariot w heels. 
 
 <<real I'.ritam finndcd her (irs! preleni-inns to 
 ihe iiiirthwest coast in an oiilniiji o'ls allack upon 
 the ri'^hts nf Sjiaiii; and, taknr.; ailvaiila'j^e nf her 
 WI akiiiss, l.leediii'j- fnnii ihe i llicis nf a ills iflUons 
 war, she, under ihe lash nf her snp' rinr power, 
 extort! il from .Spam iiie .Nmiika s.nnid eoiiveniion, 
 as the iie.iiy is calliil, iipim which hi r main reli- 
 ance is placed III Inr claim to the ()n<;iiii lerniorv. 
 The valiii' of this claim, even in the ey, s (i|"/i'ii- 
 iiicii sliilismi I), is shown by one of my ciilleav'iie.s 
 |.Mi. (Iv.i;x| to Ul- such a.^ to jnslify the cliarw 
 that she has been uinliy nf the 'inuKi' uiiiiiili:,'af'il 
 rap.ii'iiy in the ass-rliiai of her claims to lerriiory 
 in all ti: r III L'oliatiniis with us. And it n iiiains to 
 be se< II if Ann ricaii fn'enieii will ii'.'ne to be de- 
 spoiled willi the tame Mibinission of tin' eircminale 
 .Spanianl. Hers is the mbber's title, and thus it 
 has ever been with h, r. This viuinied einle of 
 iJriiish iiniiiary posts, wliili some u'lnilitiien have 
 briiierht in r< vn w befon' ii--, with a view "to friL'ht- 
 111 IIS fnnn our pnipri' ly." are hut niMinimenis of 
 her ia|iacily and lost of pnwer. 
 
 I She yei lacks niii link in the ch.iin which is des- 
 lincd, if .secured, to hind the world in Inrcommer- 
 ii:il letters. TJi it link is the k'-y to the I'lciljc, 
 wa:ihin:r. as it dues, the slmns of Imih i;;n-at eoii- 
 tiiii Ills; and the contmand nf iliis ocean is hers, and 
 
 : liir.s alone, if she is permitted to occnpv" tin liar- 
 Imrs which she has siiiilionsly elaiiiii il in cm ly 
 pnillcrof settlement which she has made nf thin 
 ipn slioii. Il n'mains- in be y.rrn w hellier the cow- 
 aiiiicc nf ihc descendants of the men of i'.iinlcer's 
 
 I I ill. and of those L'.,illant spiriis who eiiaf|iiireil in 
 onr war of the Kexoluiinn, and of mir si cnnd in- 
 depi ndence, shall permit her to i;rasp il. I blush 
 
 ' at the bare sni;_'cslinn nf the pn.-siliihi v. 
 
 ' Mr. ( hairmin. it camiot,it will iioi". it .>:h:ill iini 
 be! 1 have no di.-^nises as to my opininn of our 
 riirhl- Iain 'atisfnd ih;u it extends in ."(l-* 4(1': and 
 the niily :'hadoW of rlijlit which I'aii;laiiil has, is 
 based upon tin- ilis. ivery id' the head waters of 
 Frazer's river, in the extn nie northern part of thisi 
 coimiry : bin this she is precluded fnnn by In-row ii 
 withdraw d of all claim e\ce|,| ihal based upon the 
 Nnotka conveiilion. w liieli has been fiill\- shown to 
 i^ive hnr il.i ti riitniial ri:,'hls w hale\er. 
 
 I n'L'i-et iliat the siinalion in which Mr. I'nlk M" 
 I'liiiid lliis i|ni-j|inn, traiiinirlled by onr treaties of 
 l^lr* and j^'JT, as well as the many previous ofl'irs 
 ol'niir (iovenim.'iit, iiuich, very miicli more favora- 
 ble to Cinat Urilain ihan the one recently made, and 
 which admis:aons had been coiisirned' in the even 
 of the civilized world into evidence of I'rilisli title, 
 
 ; induceii him, or rer|uin'il him. In make that oll'er. 
 
 i J)y niakin- it, i:ov;ever, !ic lias uhov.'ii to e.lj the 
 
imticiiis (if ihc (mill ili(^ stroiiijCNl ovidcncc wliidi I iiin jiroiid in (Icrl.irr to ymi.sir, nnil di tli(- rfp- 
 
 can 111' ri'(|iiii'i'il kI'ii (li.s|i()Miti(iii Cii aiiiii'al)ly ikIIiinI i-i'!ii'iitiiliv< s iif llic iiiitlnn, lliitt in Indi.inii, lit Ic'txt, 
 tIliM v<'X( (I (iiic-'lKin. I when n (|iHMlii)n iif niilioiiiil liniKir is pn sciilcd, the 
 
 I iciciicT ihiii r.iiL'liindhiisrcl'iisi'd it. Murrovfr, liinN of |iiirly arc lirokcii us the nIcikIi r wcIih 
 
 hIic lia.s (liinc ii in Midi a UMv ll^ Ic iiinic, ill ai li mmI wliicli cross i lie |mili on ii Niimnn t'n day. Let 
 
 llic distiiil w lii( li I liavc tlu; iioinii' I > npn I'ciil, llii; an ii|i|i('al lie inadi' to us in .-(iiiiiiorl of our national 
 
 fjicai lisidy of iIk Wiiii; parly Willi my l)( iiiiicralic honor, and «•• at once resolve oursi Ivcs hack iiitn 
 
 friends, in Misiaiuinu: nie in goiii;^' the wliidc Uiigili onrori:;inal tltnieiitsi — the Uci>ublicaii3 and Wliii'a 
 
 ill the »up|iort of our title. of 'Hi. 
 
nii(| III till- rrp- 
 
 lli.lllll, l\t IcMHl, 
 i|ir(.s(:iiti'(l,l|ic 
 Mlciidcr wcliM 
 t'n (lay. Lit 
 Kl'iilir iialioiiiil 
 Ives liacli iiiln 
 1113 1111(1 Whi.'a