ma ■.'k. *^>, IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I »«iiiiiM iiim m 1112.2 MM 1.8 1.25 1.4 16_ ^ f," — ► v: <^ /} A o ^ ^ c-l \^? /^. o ///. Photographic Sciences Corporation m ■^ a'K 4 V ^s <^ .«*^ 4^^ -^1 6^ ''^^^^^^ % '1? 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY. 1<«S80 (716) 872-4503 CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques 1980 i. Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes techniques et bibliographiques The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of the images !n the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming, are checked below. L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilleur exemplaire qu'il lui a 6x6 possible de se procurer. 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Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different roduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposu.e are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frat.ies as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre filmds d des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque le documont est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul cliche, il est film6 A partir de Tangle supdrieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en preianv le nombre d'images n6cessaire. Lea diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 1 2 3 f 2 3 4 5 6 No. 17. WORKINGMEN AND THE N. P. OLD TARIFF. NEW TARIFF. Good Wages and Plenty of Work, HOW WAGES HAVE INCREASED TSE OOLLABARDITS FnaCHAHIRO POWZB. 1878 n d lase Ooni]iitr«d— Mo Oeoaand far Old TlBteii-'Tlie H«w Tariff INtnitbv Work. "Tbs Bationil PoUoy matt go. "-H»n. A. O JoneHilSth January, 1887. I wu not in iavor of it when it wu imtr»- daood. I am not iiivoaad to think mar* favoib ably af It after teven yean' trlaL— /Ton. D, Millt (1386). TBI N. P. ANr TBI WORKIIIGMAII. How has the NatloDal Policy acted open the wages-receivliig claaiee of the DomiDion ? Low wages, and iiiferlbr work go together. Degrade the workman aud ) ou deteriorate his wnrltmaDBbip. Paiiperiio the toiler and the leverage la loat of national or ii.duB(rial elo- ▼atioD. The conoomitauts of nnderpaid lalmr are among the gravest tioi'ial and na- tional eviUof the age, Bapping,aB they do, the virility nf the race and the growth of ita com- merce. The brrad-minded foundera of the Natlonul Policy had these conclualona in mind when they framed the preaent tariff. They aimed tr malte It an rffoctive Instrument to enrich and enlarge the dally thought and life of the great wages-recuiviag clasaca by giving, (hi—ugb its operations, employment to labor at gocd wages ; and, by cheapening and perfecting the products of our mills, they ought to make the dollar go further than it did under the old tariff ayatem. We propose. In this paper, to show that the National Policy haa dons for the wagoa- receiving claaa all that waa promiied and ex- pected. In order to ascertain the actual facta an In- Testigation has bmu made, 1. Into the pcicoa of atticlea of clothing In 1878 and in 1886 ; 3. Into the pricet of artiolea of food and drink for the aame yeara ; 3. Into the prlcea of fuel wid light fbr the aame yean ; 4. Into the coft of dwal'lng aroomnoda- tion for the same years. An investigation baa also been made into the wagea received for the same yeara. Tfaeae Invaatlgations liave been conducted in the city of Uoulieal, where the variety of occupations ia so great that a large number ot facta can be gathered from which to make the general ded'intiont. In ttui Battor of waoH. About forty olatset of skilled employuent have been oomparad. Thaaa inolnila oarpen- tere, jaioera, coopers, roofers, iron fitters, boiler makers, moulders, plumbers, steam- fitters, brass founders, blacksmiths, painters, masooii, bricklayer«, cigar makers, plaster- ers, painters, cotton workers, paper makers, silk workers, etc., etc. The wagea of unskilled labor ato obtalied from the ownera of docks, from the City cot- poration and from general business men. Comparing the forty olaasea of skilled workmen the result is that the wages received In 1886 averaged 26 per cent, higher than In 1878. Skilled railway employees (aa given by the Qrand Trunk company) show an inoreaae of H per ceut. in wages. The wages of unskilled labor, taken gene- rally, show an increase of 26 per cent. Bepreaented by diagram) the facta gathered are aa follow : — Table So. 1— Waces of workmen ot auperior akllL Tear. 1878. By the day. $1.77 8-10* 1886 $1l.aa 9-10^>i__a.aa^MMHM» Increaae, 36.1 percent. Table No. 3— Wagea of workmen of average capacity. Year. By the day. 7878. ...$1.87 S.10aBBBa>^BB>a_ 1886 tl.73 l-lOa»>^-iii_^_uaHK^B Increase, 26.6 per cent. In the United States the increase since 1878 haa been 33 cents. PDRCBASIIia PUWIKS or a dollak. Wo come next to the question of the pur- chasing power of a dollar. To obtain thia In- vestigation waa made (1) into the prlcea of thirty different articles of tood and drink. Id thia case it was found that the power of the dollar in 1886 bad increased 12} centa aa compared with 1878. That Is, a mtm'a wife could go out laat year and buy $1 worth of each of the thirty articles, and find that of the whole she had one-eighth more in quantity in her larder than the same money would have bought her 187S. For example : with a dollar to buy sugar, last year the wife could get one-third more sugar than In 1878 ; of tea one fifth moi e ; of oatmeal one-fifth more ; of butter, eggs and some other things she would ont get aa much ; o( other things she wsuld get the same in 1886 aa In 1878. Lamping all together, ahe would gel one- eighth more in 1886 than in 1878. By lines, thia luoreated purchaaing power of the dollar to buy more in 1886 than In 1878, Is represented aa follows : Table No. 8— Relative purobaalng power of SI ipent In groMrlaat— Year. 1878. 11.00 .«1.13M. 1888. With a dollar you could In 1878 only buy the short line; with a dollnr In 1888 you oould buy the long Una. Table No. 4— Relattve purchasing power o* )1 spent on fuel and llgbt :— Year 1878 1888. $1.00 $1.19 With a dollar you could only buy the thoit line in 1878 ; in 1886 yon could buy the long line. Table No. S— Belatlve purchaaing power of (1 speat In clethlng :— Year. 187H....$1.U0 «iM_^__ 1886. . . .$l.30^,_^_^__,..,ii,i._i With a dollar you could in 1878 only buy the short line; with a dollar in 1886 yon could buy the long line. T.- per cent, higber, or oau clothe himself and family 30 per cent, better, or can give him- self and family 19 per cent, more beat and light in hia home. These statements are based upon the sup.. position thitl. in 1878 as well as In 1886 tha workman obtained steady employment. But as workmen well know by bitter ez« perlence. In 1878 work waa by no meana n- gnlar. It waa decidedly irregular. It w>si three days' work In the week. There waa not a shop In Montreal in the winter tima working on fall timi. For want of their uwa kind of work skilled mechanica were working on the Mountain park roads and on the canal for from 60 cents to $1 a day. These very men are now getting as high aa $3.80 a day aud working full time. With respect to rents, though they wer* lower In 1878 than In 1886, It must be ra- membered that the workman had no moaey to par even the lower rent with. Tliu num- ber of people who were " sold out " l)ecaasa they could not pay their rent in 1878 was, aa everyone knows, very great It waa tha same throagbout all the Oartwrlgbt tariff ysara. ▼«TB roM THP. thikd nuRVDa wr THR HATIOMAI. POUOT. 1