CIHM
Microfiche
Series
(■Monographs)

ICIMH

Collection de
microfiches
(monographies)

Canadian Instituta for Historical IMIcroraproductions / Institut Canadian da microraproductions historiquas

Tachmcal and MbNompliie Noln / NotM Hc h wiq i w i M biMiograpt>iWM>

Tha Imtituta hai attamptad to obtain tha batt oritinal
copy availabla for fHminf. Faatum of this eopy wMdi
may ba WMioiraphieaNv uniqwa. tvlikh may ahar any
of tha imaiat in tha rapraduction, or which auy
tifnif icantly chanp tha ummI mathod of filming, aro
chacfcad balow.

L'lmtiti.t a microfihn* la maiH aur aiiamplaira qu'il
hii a 4t* poMib I a da «a p roc M wr. Las dMail* da eat
a M amp la ira qui mm pant-ltra uni qiia i du point da ««
biblio» i p h iq M a. qui paM»ant modtf iar una imaia
raprodnita, oil qui pamant axigar una modification
dans la mAthoda normaia da f Hmaga tont indiqiias
ci-dattous.

0Colourad covart/
Couvartura da eoulattr

0Covart damatad/
Couvartura

□ Covar* ractorad and/or laminatad/
Couvartura rastauria at/ou paHicuMa

□ Cohwrad pain/
Pafatdat

□ Pagat raatorad and/or laminr ■. ,
Pagat raitaurtai at/ou paNicu ^h

□ Covar titia mining/
La titra da couvartura manqua

CokMirad mapi/

Cartas gtographiquas an eoulaur

p9i§m dtooloiiffMi. ttiiiMd or foi^

rW^lt$ OQCOlOfMt* tBCll0tiM Oil pil|wC^M

□ Colourad ink (i.a. othar than bhM or Maefcl/
Encra da eoiriaur (i.a. autra qua Maua ou noiral

0Showthrough/
Transparanca

□ Colourad platas and/or illustrations/
Planchas at/ou illustrations an eoulaur

Quality of print varias/
Quality i n iga la da I'imprassion

Bound with othar matarial/
RaM avac d'autras documants

Tight binding may causa shadows or distortion
along intarior margin/

La raliura sarrte paut causar da I'ombra ou da la
distorsion la long da la marga intiriaura

Blank laavas addad during rastoration may i
within tha taxt. Whanavar possiMa, Uiasa hava
baan omittad from filming/
II sa paut qua cartainas pagn blanchas aiouttes
lore d'una rastauration apparaissant dans la taxta,
mais, lorsqua cala itait possiWa. cas pagas n'ont
pas M filmias.

□ Continuous pagination/
Pagination continua

Indudas indax<as)/
Comprend un (das) indax

TitIa on haadar takan from:/
La titra da I'an-tCta proviant:

□ TitIa paga of
Paga d« titra

issua/

da Ifc livraison

Caption of issua/

Titra da depart da la livraison

Masthaad/

GtaAriqua (pAriodiquas) da la livraison

Additional comments:/
Commantairas supplimantairas:

This itam is f ihnad at tha reduction ratio chacfcad balow/

Ca document ast f ilmi au taux da riduction iiMliqu* ci-dassous.

10X 14 X ItX

22X

»x

30X

12X

IfX

20X

24X

32X

Th* copy fllmad hara has bMn rcproducsd thanks
to tlM ganarosity of:

Anglican Church of Canada
Gaiwrai Synod Archives

Tha Imagas appaaring hara ara tlia bast quality
poasibia eonsMaring tha condition and lagibility
of tha original copy and in kaaping with ttia
filming contract spacifications.

Original capias in printad papar eovars ara fHmad
baginning with tha front covar and anding on
tha last paga with a printad or illustratad impraa-
ston. or tha back covar writan appropriata. AH
othar original capias ara filmad baginning on tlia
first paga with a printad or iiluatratad impraa-
sion. and anding on tha last paga with a printad
or illustratsd imprasskin.

Tha last racordad frama on aaeh mierofieha
shall contain tha symbol -*• (moaning "CON-
TINUED"), or tha symbol y (moaning "END"),
whieliavar applias.

Maps, platas. charts, ate., may ba fHmad at
diffarant raduction ratios. Thosa too larga to ba
antiraiy includad in ona axposura ara filmad
baginning in tha uppar laft hand comar. laft to
right and top to bottom, as many framaa as
raquirad. Tha following diagrama IHustrata tha
mathod:

L'MMnpiaira film* fut raproduit grAca i la
g4n«riMit« da:

Anglican Church of Canwli
General Synod Archhrat

Laa imagaa suivantaa ont «<« raproduitaa avae la
plua grand aoin, eompta tanu da la condition at
da la nattat* da I'axamplaira film*, at an
conformM avac laa eonditiona du eontrat da
fUmaga.

Laa axampMraa origlnaux dont la couvartura an
papiar aat imprimte aont flim4a an commandant
par la pramlar plat at an tarminant aoit par la
damMra paga qui comporta una amprainta
dimpraaalon ou dlHuatration. aoit par la aacond
plat, aalon la caa. Toua laa autraa aKamplairaa
eriginaux aont fiimte mn commanfant par la
pramlAra paga qui comporta una amprainta
dimpraaalon ou dlHuatration at an tarminant par
la dami«ra paga qui comporta una taHa
amprainta.

Un daa aymboiaa auivanta apparattra sur la
damiira Imaga da chaqua mlcroflclia, salon la
caa: la aymbola —^ signlfia "A SUIVRE". la
aymlxila ▼ signlfia "nN".

Laa cartaa, pianchaa, taiilaaux. ate., pauvant Mra
film«a « daa taux da rMuetioi: difftrants.
Lorsqua la doeumant aat trap grand pour Atra
rsproduit an un saui ciicM. II aat film* i partir
da I'angia aupMaur gauelia, da gauctta * droita.
at da haut an baa, an pranant la nombra
d'imagaa ntcaaaaira. Laa diagrammaa suivants
iliuatrant la mithoda.

MKMconr RnouineN tbt omit

(ANSI and ISO TEST CHAUT No. 2)

1.0

1.1

l<5

■ 2J

140

2J
2.2

2.0

1.25

^^ Inlis

1.6

- \

The Worid's
Forces m
Rsiation to^
BusiMSS m

ANGLICAN CHURCH Of- CANADA
GINERAL SYNOD, ARCHIVES

Pmct tmd btfoM A* AfcUdlicoaal

^wmiiinii HUB m Bamsy 09^* c^iiiBy

The "Wo^'s J^ces

Jactation toousioess

Not knowing just what might be the bearing
c£ this subject, I asked a member of the Commit-
tee to kindly give me his idea of how the matter
s!:>uld be treated. The answer quite upset my
pievious idea of what the world's forces were,
tor my informant said he presumed the world's
forces are Satanic.

In the greatest city in the worid, and in the
very centre of that great city, stands the Royal
Exchange, the place where the leading merchants
of the city mostly do congregate, and above
the facade of the Exchange stands this le-
gend: "The earth is the I.ord's and the fulness
thereof." This statement of the world's fortes I
consider the correct one, and glad am I to know
that whatever men may say or think, the first
city of the world accepts the sound Biblical doc-
trine, that the earth belongs to God, and taking
this conception of the world's forces as the foun-
dation of mv thoughts, and accepting from this
statement, the fact that all material things are
of God, I come to the natural conclusion that
all the world's forces are in themselve of Divine
origin and have been created for a u.seful and
be '^ficial purpose, showing that in the true sense

there is no secular or relij^ious division
of material things, that every act of
man's life should be religious ir its
origin and in its results, and that religion right-
ly understootl means the acceptance of God's
will in all things, whetner material, mental, or
spiritual.

This brings me to ask: What are the world's
forces? and I think they may be classified under
four main divisions —

rst. Brains, as representing man's mental
powers.

znd. Material, or the world of nature.

^rd. Labour, or the power to fashion raw ma-
terial to meet the work of humanity.

^th. Capital, tlie result of labour and brains
upon raw material. Obviously the greatest of
these four forces are brains, as from this force
comes the directing powc of man, hence the vast
importance of properlv ultivating the powers of
the mind, and qualifving them for the .work of

life.

The time was when history was chiefly a re-
cord of the quarrels and wars oi the ruiing
powers. Historv, now to be what the world re-
quires, must be a record of not only quarrels and
wars, but of progress in arts, in commerce, in
science, and just in the same way it has become
as needful for the man of affairs to be well edu-
cated and trained nefinitelv for his part in life
as for the phvsician or the lawver to be trained
in the various matters that refer to their pro-
fessions. To-dav, the men who influence the
business of the nations must be men of not only
great natural abilitv, but men of deep thinking
and wide re.search. Take the great captains of
industrv, and vou will find thev have been, or
are. not gnlv deep thinkers and wide observers,
but they have cultivated all those qualities that

go to make them alert, prompt, energetic and re-
solute. The business oi to-<lay demands all a
man's powers, and he will prove to be the great-
est lea<ler, who has given to his particular work,
his most patient thought and wlio has mastered
not only the foundation principles ol' business,
but also its most minute detail.

The necessity for the careful education of the
people, both male and female (m all that con-
cerns the productive powers), has led the more
ad"ai'ced commercial nations to establish com-
mercial and scientitic coifeges so that tfie rising
generation may be trained into careful habits oi
observation, taught the importance of under-
standing the laws of nature, and how best to
bend these laws to the production of wealth and
thus enable tfieir country and themselves . to
keep abreast of the times, making tiie most ol
the God-giving advantages which tfie nation may
possess. All this bears vitally upon t!ie business
of the nation, and hence the absolute need of
givinjj to our people the highest possible brain
culture to enable them, at. a connuunity, to take
that position amongst the nations to which 1
believe f :jd has called this Canada of ours.

The second World Force that invites our at-
tention, is tha of labour, which, while ranking
below the brain or directing power, yet is of
immense value, for without labour brains can
accomplish nothing. Brains may originate in
the imagination a brilliant picture, but labour
must give it shape.

Brains may invent a mighty engine, but it
will remain a figment of the brain without
labour; and so in every department of life. There-
fore these two great forces of the world, in order
to produce the best results, must work in com-
plete harmony, stnd just in proportion as this
is done, just so far is the progress of the human

race advanced and carried on to the highest
point ol civilization.

Unlortunatelv, at present, a constant struggle
is going on between these two mighty lorces, and
while brains must naturally be the leader, yet
labour must be more than slave, and all its
just ami fair rights secured and maintained, or
constant friction will result with its attendant

evils.

Let brains and labour cordially co-operate to-
licthcr and the result will be that the worlU's
lorce oi raw material will be so worked up as to
become the cause of the world's wondrous ad-
vaiH-ement in arts and manufacture. Stone be-
comes dwelling houses, iron becomes bridges,
railwav tracks and machinery, gold and silv-er
become beautiful ornaments or useful commodi-
ties, and the world goes forward in its upward
umrch towards that higher civilization which
should be every nation's honourable and proper
ambition.

C'.od has mai.e this world very beautiful, so
beautiful that I ha\e no sympathy with that
class of thought which apparently despises the
I)iescnt world atu. si^nds all its best efiorts in
i>rii)aration for the next.

When the lightning Hashed, and the thunder
rolled in iMassachusetts, about one hundred years
ago upon the dav some prophets had marked
out tor the world's last day, a member of the
Slate Assemblv moved that in consequence of
what mav occur, this Assembly do now adjourn,
sine die but another iuem!)er oppo.sed it, saying
if it was the last day, he knew nothing more
pleasing to God than for a man to die doing his
dutv, and 1 am humblv of the opinion that 1:.-
surest road to heaven is upon the narrow path of
dailv dutv, well and hone.stlv fulfilled, and no
clearer diitv exists than for each member of the
r munitv to do his or her part in making the

i
I

best ol both worlds. 1 have great faith m the
common sense utl ho".esty oi purpose of the
Anulo-Sax , ra c, and as occasion requires,
brains and lab ar will yet see tne best way to
make the most ol opportunities as they occur,
and in the near luture all antagonr ii will be so
ameliorated that strikes and all such wars be-
tween capital and lab<mr will be a thing of the

Under the head of raw material, little need be
said beyond this, that while it exists in more or
less abundance in all parts ol the world, h ex-
ists with lavish profusion in this favored part
of the globe. Stone o* 'U kinds, etils ol all
kinds, timber of all kinds, lands c Jl qualitiiis,
gold, silver, copper, petn leum .u abundance,
such as no other land can show, and all this
grand inheritance oF nations ' '.vcalth lies to the
hand of man, and . one ol t'le greatest of the
w' Id's forces beaiing a powerful part in the
business of our country, for from thesr^ raw ma-
terials comes that division of the world's forces
called capital, which is simply the labour, the
brains and the raw material united into a com-
pact body, becoming one of the greatest forces
that influence humanity, the right use of which
is to be the burning question upon which so
many issues hinge.

The true relationship between capital and
labour is the problem to sr -ve, for when that has
been solved on right lines, anarchy and its at-
tendant evils will disappear like snow before
I he ravs of the eflulgent sun.

The accumulation of capital into few hands is
beyond doubt one of the evils that menace
the happiness and comfort of the people. If cap-
italists recognized that they were simply ste-
wards of the wealth under their control, and act-
ed upon Christian principles, the evil would be
less. This, however, is not always the case, and

so seldutu have capitalists recognized God s baud
ni tiieir accumulations tnat tne world nas never
yet erecied a monument to a capitalist as a
capitalist. \Ve talk about the neglected poor; it
would be lar nearer the trutn to talk about the
neglected rich, lor brave and bold indeed is that
man, be he minister or layman, who in the
spirit ol John Knox, who leared the face ol no
man, dares to tell the rich man of his laults, or
ventures to remind him that with great wealth
comgs great responsibilities. 'Iruiy understood
wealth means opportunity, and uo you think
God gi\es a man opportunity to bless and bene-
lit humanity, and will not lequire a strict ac-
count when he linds the millionaires and the mul-
timillionaires using all their time to acquire fur-
ther wealth, or to further add to their personal
pleasures.^ Let us remember what caused Rome
to fall, the corrupting inllucnce of wealth, and
the debasing iniiuence of the mere love of animal
pleasures.

It is a happy thing to know (notwithstanding
that our Great Dramatist has said that the
evil that men do lives after; the good is oft in-
terred with their bones) that the face of the lyord
is against them that do evil. The Bible takes a
hopeful view of the ultimate triumph of right
and the perisihableness of wrong. Notwithstand-
ing the hereditary accumulations of sin, the laws
of righteousness still reign — in the conscience of
every man right still holds the empire, otherwise
this world would soon become a vast hospital.
Health is right, disease wrong, therefore health
is powerful, disease dies. You never see five gen-
erations of blind men, nor yet five generations of
lame men. Nature and God are ever restoring
the injuries inflicted by evil, and .«o
with forces of this world. If capital
combines to carry out its selfi.sh ends,
labour is forced to combine, also, an<l the one

acts as a counterpoise to the other; let us,
then, be fair in our judgment in regard to the
conflict, weigh circumstances and give to each
equal opportunity to vindicate their right to
live. What is particularly needed for the 2oth
century- to learn and practise, is the correct din-
tribution of the wealth created by the inventions
that now are applied to the productions of the
earth. Dr. Gonzalous, the famous Divine of Chi-
cago, once asked the writer what he considered
to be the correct unit to commence with in the
distribution of the products of any given factory
or industry. The reply was: "Give to the lowest
form of labor a decent livinjr, say house, clothes
and food e*"' agh to give absolute comfort, and
then go on increasing the amount in due pro-
portion to the value of the service rendered."
Anarchy is rearing its ugly head among all the
nations of the world, and will continue to do so
while we have tyrannous rulers or tyrannous
millionaires, and beyond all doubt, combinations
and monopolies, like those recently formed in the
United States, are a constant incentive to the
propagation of anarchical principles. Men can see
justice in proper payment for adequate work, but
do not see the justice that booms up the ordinary
value of common necessities by which one man
can make 12 or 14 millions in the course of a
few months. Few men can earn, by honest
labour, even one million dollars in a full life-
time. Applied Christianity is the one thing need-
ful to successfully meet and conquer anarchical
principles.

I fear I have taken up too much of the valuable
lime of this conference. The subject, however, is
a verv larire one. and is worthv of your deepest
consideration. Permit me, therefore, in conclu-
sion, to sav that in mv humble opinion he is the
wise minister of God who gives the world's
forces their proper place in the presentation of

the gospel of God's grace, by showing men the
chief use of these forces, how God intends that
these gifts, brains, labour, natural wealth and
capital, are all to be used in a devout and
thoughtful spirit, and while enabling
through these means men and women to live use-
ful lives, will, at the same time lead to that de-
velopment of character that best fits for en-
trance into the Kingdom of God. The dav will
come when the elements of this world will melt
with fervent heat, all material wealth will pass
away like the fabric of a dream into thin air,
the only thing that will stand on that great day
will be character. That character is being ham-
mered out now in the fierce fires of the battle of
life, with these world forces which God has
given, and whose bearing upon the world's busi-
ncvss has been to produce a gradually improving
civilization, which will continue until the time
comes when the lion shall lie down with the
lamb, when horrid war shall ceavSe, and the Lord
Jesus Christ will be the world's accepted King.

That in view of the very iiHerul pn|)er read by Mr. Calde-
cott, this meeting desires to request bini to take such steps as
he may judge best to bring iiis paper to the knowledge of a far
"wider circle of people, to whom, this meeting is of the opinion,
it would be of verv great benefit.

(Mover) Rev. W. E. Cooper, M.A.
(Seconder) Rev. ('anon Sweeny, D.D.
Rev. H. V. Thompson, M.A.,

Secretary of Arclidiaconal Conference.