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L'MMnpiaira film* fut raproduit grAca i la 
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 Anglican Church of Canwli 
 General Synod Archhrat 
 
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MKMconr RnouineN tbt omit 
 
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 The Worid's 
 Forces m 
 Rsiation to^ 
 BusiMSS m 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 ANGLICAN CHURCH Of- CANADA 
 GINERAL SYNOD, ARCHIVES 
 
 Pmct tmd btfoM A* AfcUdlicoaal 
 
 ^wmiiinii HUB m Bamsy 09^* c^iiiBy 
 
The "Wo^'s J^ces 
 
 Jactation toousioess 
 
 Not knowing just what might be the bearing 
 c£ this subject, I asked a member of the Commit- 
 tee to kindly give me his idea of how the matter 
 s!:>uld be treated. The answer quite upset my 
 pievious idea of what the world's forces were, 
 tor my informant said he presumed the world's 
 forces are Satanic. 
 
 In the greatest city in the worid, and in the 
 very centre of that great city, stands the Royal 
 Exchange, the place where the leading merchants 
 of the city mostly do congregate, and above 
 the facade of the Exchange stands this le- 
 gend: "The earth is the I.ord's and the fulness 
 thereof." This statement of the world's fortes I 
 consider the correct one, and glad am I to know 
 that whatever men may say or think, the first 
 city of the world accepts the sound Biblical doc- 
 trine, that the earth belongs to God, and taking 
 this conception of the world's forces as the foun- 
 dation of mv thoughts, and accepting from this 
 statement, the fact that all material things are 
 of God, I come to the natural conclusion that 
 all the world's forces are in themselve of Divine 
 origin and have been created for a u.seful and 
 be '^ficial purpose, showing that in the true sense 
 
there is no secular or relij^ious division 
 of material things, that every act of 
 man's life should be religious ir its 
 origin and in its results, and that religion right- 
 ly understootl means the acceptance of God's 
 will in all things, whetner material, mental, or 
 spiritual. 
 
 This brings me to ask: What are the world's 
 forces? and I think they may be classified under 
 four main divisions — 
 
 rst. Brains, as representing man's mental 
 powers. 
 
 znd. Material, or the world of nature. 
 
 ^rd. Labour, or the power to fashion raw ma- 
 terial to meet the work of humanity. 
 
 ^th. Capital, tlie result of labour and brains 
 upon raw material. Obviously the greatest of 
 these four forces are brains, as from this force 
 comes the directing powc of man, hence the vast 
 importance of properlv ultivating the powers of 
 the mind, and qualifving them for the .work of 
 
 life. 
 
 The time was when history was chiefly a re- 
 cord of the quarrels and wars oi the ruiing 
 powers. Historv, now to be what the world re- 
 quires, must be a record of not only quarrels and 
 wars, but of progress in arts, in commerce, in 
 science, and just in the same way it has become 
 as needful for the man of affairs to be well edu- 
 cated and trained nefinitelv for his part in life 
 as for the phvsician or the lawver to be trained 
 in the various matters that refer to their pro- 
 fessions. To-dav, the men who influence the 
 business of the nations must be men of not only 
 great natural abilitv, but men of deep thinking 
 and wide re.search. Take the great captains of 
 industrv, and vou will find thev have been, or 
 are. not gnlv deep thinkers and wide observers, 
 but they have cultivated all those qualities that 
 
go to make them alert, prompt, energetic and re- 
 solute. The business oi to-<lay demands all a 
 man's powers, and he will prove to be the great- 
 est lea<ler, who has given to his particular work, 
 his most patient thought and wlio has mastered 
 not only the foundation principles ol' business, 
 but also its most minute detail. 
 
 The necessity for the careful education of the 
 people, both male and female (m all that con- 
 cerns the productive powers), has led the more 
 ad"ai'ced commercial nations to establish com- 
 mercial and scientitic coifeges so that tfie rising 
 generation may be trained into careful habits oi 
 observation, taught the importance of under- 
 standing the laws of nature, and how best to 
 bend these laws to the production of wealth and 
 thus enable tfieir country and themselves . to 
 keep abreast of the times, making tiie most ol 
 the God-giving advantages which tfie nation may 
 possess. All this bears vitally upon t!ie business 
 of the nation, and hence the absolute need of 
 givinjj to our people the highest possible brain 
 culture to enable them, at. a connuunity, to take 
 that position amongst the nations to which 1 
 believe f :jd has called this Canada of ours. 
 
 The second World Force that invites our at- 
 tention, is tha of labour, which, while ranking 
 below the brain or directing power, yet is of 
 immense value, for without labour brains can 
 accomplish nothing. Brains may originate in 
 the imagination a brilliant picture, but labour 
 must give it shape. 
 
 Brains may invent a mighty engine, but it 
 will remain a figment of the brain without 
 labour; and so in every department of life. There- 
 fore these two great forces of the world, in order 
 to produce the best results, must work in com- 
 plete harmony, stnd just in proportion as this 
 is done, just so far is the progress of the human 
 
race advanced and carried on to the highest 
 point ol civilization. 
 
 Unlortunatelv, at present, a constant struggle 
 is going on between these two mighty lorces, and 
 while brains must naturally be the leader, yet 
 labour must be more than slave, and all its 
 just ami fair rights secured and maintained, or 
 constant friction will result with its attendant 
 
 evils. 
 
 Let brains and labour cordially co-operate to- 
 licthcr and the result will be that the worlU's 
 lorce oi raw material will be so worked up as to 
 become the cause of the world's wondrous ad- 
 vaiH-ement in arts and manufacture. Stone be- 
 comes dwelling houses, iron becomes bridges, 
 railwav tracks and machinery, gold and silv-er 
 become beautiful ornaments or useful commodi- 
 ties, and the world goes forward in its upward 
 umrch towards that higher civilization which 
 should be every nation's honourable and proper 
 ambition. 
 
 C'.od has mai.e this world very beautiful, so 
 beautiful that I ha\e no sympathy with that 
 class of thought which apparently despises the 
 I)iescnt world atu. si^nds all its best efiorts in 
 i>rii)aration for the next. 
 
 When the lightning Hashed, and the thunder 
 rolled in iMassachusetts, about one hundred years 
 ago upon the dav some prophets had marked 
 out tor the world's last day, a member of the 
 Slate Assemblv moved that in consequence of 
 what mav occur, this Assembly do now adjourn, 
 sine die but another iuem!)er oppo.sed it, saying 
 if it was the last day, he knew nothing more 
 pleasing to God than for a man to die doing his 
 dutv, and 1 am humblv of the opinion that 1:.- 
 surest road to heaven is upon the narrow path of 
 dailv dutv, well and hone.stlv fulfilled, and no 
 clearer diitv exists than for each member of the 
 r munitv to do his or her part in making the 
 
 i 
 I 
 
I 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 best ol both worlds. 1 have great faith m the 
 common sense utl ho".esty oi purpose of the 
 Anulo-Sax , ra c, and as occasion requires, 
 brains and lab ar will yet see tne best way to 
 make the most ol opportunities as they occur, 
 and in the near luture all antagonr ii will be so 
 ameliorated that strikes and all such wars be- 
 tween capital and lab<mr will be a thing of the 
 
 Under the head of raw material, little need be 
 said beyond this, that while it exists in more or 
 less abundance in all parts ol the world, h ex- 
 ists with lavish profusion in this favored part 
 of the globe. Stone o* 'U kinds, etils ol all 
 kinds, timber of all kinds, lands c Jl qualitiiis, 
 gold, silver, copper, petn leum .u abundance, 
 such as no other land can show, and all this 
 grand inheritance oF nations ' '.vcalth lies to the 
 hand of man, and . one ol t'le greatest of the 
 w' Id's forces beaiing a powerful part in the 
 business of our country, for from thesr^ raw ma- 
 terials comes that division of the world's forces 
 called capital, which is simply the labour, the 
 brains and the raw material united into a com- 
 pact body, becoming one of the greatest forces 
 that influence humanity, the right use of which 
 is to be the burning question upon which so 
 many issues hinge. 
 
 The true relationship between capital and 
 labour is the problem to sr -ve, for when that has 
 been solved on right lines, anarchy and its at- 
 tendant evils will disappear like snow before 
 I he ravs of the eflulgent sun. 
 
 The accumulation of capital into few hands is 
 beyond doubt one of the evils that menace 
 the happiness and comfort of the people. If cap- 
 italists recognized that they were simply ste- 
 wards of the wealth under their control, and act- 
 ed upon Christian principles, the evil would be 
 less. This, however, is not always the case, and 
 
so seldutu have capitalists recognized God s baud 
 ni tiieir accumulations tnat tne world nas never 
 yet erecied a monument to a capitalist as a 
 capitalist. \Ve talk about the neglected poor; it 
 would be lar nearer the trutn to talk about the 
 neglected rich, lor brave and bold indeed is that 
 man, be he minister or layman, who in the 
 spirit ol John Knox, who leared the face ol no 
 man, dares to tell the rich man of his laults, or 
 ventures to remind him that with great wealth 
 comgs great responsibilities. 'Iruiy understood 
 wealth means opportunity, and uo you think 
 God gi\es a man opportunity to bless and bene- 
 lit humanity, and will not lequire a strict ac- 
 count when he linds the millionaires and the mul- 
 timillionaires using all their time to acquire fur- 
 ther wealth, or to further add to their personal 
 pleasures.^ Let us remember what caused Rome 
 to fall, the corrupting inllucnce of wealth, and 
 the debasing iniiuence of the mere love of animal 
 pleasures. 
 
 It is a happy thing to know (notwithstanding 
 that our Great Dramatist has said that the 
 evil that men do lives after; the good is oft in- 
 terred with their bones) that the face of the lyord 
 is against them that do evil. The Bible takes a 
 hopeful view of the ultimate triumph of right 
 and the perisihableness of wrong. Notwithstand- 
 ing the hereditary accumulations of sin, the laws 
 of righteousness still reign — in the conscience of 
 every man right still holds the empire, otherwise 
 this world would soon become a vast hospital. 
 Health is right, disease wrong, therefore health 
 is powerful, disease dies. You never see five gen- 
 erations of blind men, nor yet five generations of 
 lame men. Nature and God are ever restoring 
 the injuries inflicted by evil, and .«o 
 with forces of this world. If capital 
 combines to carry out its selfi.sh ends, 
 labour is forced to combine, also, an<l the one 
 
 4 
 
 I 
 
 
f 
 
 acts as a counterpoise to the other; let us, 
 then, be fair in our judgment in regard to the 
 conflict, weigh circumstances and give to each 
 equal opportunity to vindicate their right to 
 live. What is particularly needed for the 2oth 
 century- to learn and practise, is the correct din- 
 tribution of the wealth created by the inventions 
 that now are applied to the productions of the 
 earth. Dr. Gonzalous, the famous Divine of Chi- 
 cago, once asked the writer what he considered 
 to be the correct unit to commence with in the 
 distribution of the products of any given factory 
 or industry. The reply was: "Give to the lowest 
 form of labor a decent livinjr, say house, clothes 
 and food e*"' agh to give absolute comfort, and 
 then go on increasing the amount in due pro- 
 portion to the value of the service rendered." 
 Anarchy is rearing its ugly head among all the 
 nations of the world, and will continue to do so 
 while we have tyrannous rulers or tyrannous 
 millionaires, and beyond all doubt, combinations 
 and monopolies, like those recently formed in the 
 United States, are a constant incentive to the 
 propagation of anarchical principles. Men can see 
 justice in proper payment for adequate work, but 
 do not see the justice that booms up the ordinary 
 value of common necessities by which one man 
 can make 12 or 14 millions in the course of a 
 few months. Few men can earn, by honest 
 labour, even one million dollars in a full life- 
 time. Applied Christianity is the one thing need- 
 ful to successfully meet and conquer anarchical 
 principles. 
 
 I fear I have taken up too much of the valuable 
 lime of this conference. The subject, however, is 
 a verv larire one. and is worthv of your deepest 
 consideration. Permit me, therefore, in conclu- 
 sion, to sav that in mv humble opinion he is the 
 wise minister of God who gives the world's 
 forces their proper place in the presentation of 
 
 
the gospel of God's grace, by showing men the 
 chief use of these forces, how God intends that 
 these gifts, brains, labour, natural wealth and 
 capital, are all to be used in a devout and 
 thoughtful spirit, and while enabling 
 through these means men and women to live use- 
 ful lives, will, at the same time lead to that de- 
 velopment of character that best fits for en- 
 trance into the Kingdom of God. The dav will 
 come when the elements of this world will melt 
 with fervent heat, all material wealth will pass 
 away like the fabric of a dream into thin air, 
 the only thing that will stand on that great day 
 will be character. That character is being ham- 
 mered out now in the fierce fires of the battle of 
 life, with these world forces which God has 
 given, and whose bearing upon the world's busi- 
 ncvss has been to produce a gradually improving 
 civilization, which will continue until the time 
 comes when the lion shall lie down with the 
 lamb, when horrid war shall ceavSe, and the Lord 
 Jesus Christ will be the world's accepted King. 
 
 That in view of the very iiHerul pn|)er read by Mr. Calde- 
 cott, this meeting desires to request bini to take such steps as 
 he may judge best to bring iiis paper to the knowledge of a far 
 "wider circle of people, to whom, this meeting is of the opinion, 
 it would be of verv great benefit. 
 
 (Mover) Rev. W. E. Cooper, M.A. 
 (Seconder) Rev. ('anon Sweeny, D.D. 
 Rev. H. V. Thompson, M.A., 
 
 Secretary of Arclidiaconal Conference.