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 i^F 
 
 LIFE 
 
 
 or 
 
 HENRY THE EIGHTH, 
 
 \tm 
 
 HISTORY OF THE SCHISM 
 
 OF ENGLAND. 
 
 TRANSLATED FROM THE FRENCH OF 
 
 II. AUDIN, 
 
 (AOTHOB r» TM Utl» Of OALfVt AMO LUTMB.) 
 ■Y 
 
 EOWAEO O. KIRWAN BROWNE, 
 
 tMB OnMM W MWINCt, MffWCK. . 
 
 .'i:. 
 
 LONDON: 
 CHARLES DOLMAN, 61. NEW BOND STREET. 
 
 1803. 
 
 ■f^^^-t. r,»,.r=-^-i''-f WPPT.^''^ 
 
 ■ ^' 
 
 I 
 
A ,«» 
 
 
 
 
 f> 
 
-11 
 
 
 i 
 
 NOTICE. 
 
 tt A*. ,„„!.„„ p,^ ^. ^^ ^ 
 
 « to 4. rw impoiUnM . f . ,™k, ,Woli, i» ft. . ' 
 
 B. O. K. B. 
 
 F 
 
 '^m&x*. 
 
ri mtt.t 
 
 if:'-' 
 
 -siu 
 
AUTHOR'S PREFACE. 
 
 " 1 oooM no mot* to make yon Uufh i Iktaffi uuW 
 That b«M s «r«i«bi]r tdd • Miriuua brow, 
 g«d, high 4Bd working. AiU of lUU and wot, 
 Buck nobla moimi m drtw tho oy* lo flow, 
 Wo BOW pfMoot. TkoM Ikol o«D pity, koto 
 May, if tkoy think It w«U, Ut (kU » iMuri 
 Tho •ubjiut will dMorvo It." 
 
 Till! prologue to the grant ISngliih dnmatbt'a tngsdj of Henry VIII. 
 forme, in tome meaeure, it eominerj of oor work. " Blood and tean "— 
 thaao are wbat Shakeepeare praeented to hia audience *' at la. a haad." 
 Blood, teara, a mad deapotiim. foUiea, muidera, and, what ia nowhere to b* 
 met with in the annala of a Chriatian people, a nation brutaliaed by tli 
 repreaentativee. — the law itaelf oonaeorating Iniquity ; a Honae of Paen 
 making aervilitjr a dogma ; a Houae of Commona tranaforming the monandi, 
 not into an image of God, but into a Divinity ; a lirieathood inveating tb« 
 
 ' tbeoorat with the attributea of Him «ho raigna it beaTen. in.'alHbitity and 
 impeocability— auoh are the aoenea which the hiatorian hu to lay befon bti 
 leadera. 
 
 We do not know of any atory more iramatio than the annalb of Tadtoa, 
 and yet, deapite the wondeifbl talent of the writer, hia readen would aoon 
 throw the book aaida. if it invariably repreeented crime &inmphant ; t^ 
 toad aa ia the human aoul of exdtement, it ia fbnder atill of joatiee, and 
 looks fbr oonao1ati<m no leaa than for excitement Hence, in that magnifl* 
 oentdeaoriptiooof the "Livea of the Gaaara," we behold retribution ibHowing, 
 with limping atepe it may he, yet anrely and eloaely, on die track of crim^; 
 llianeTer a tyrant appoan upon the aoene, we IM certain that a judge and 
 
 ' 1|b avenger are nigh at band— the law of expiation ia one from which, eveb 
 % thia lifii, none of the gieAt criminala whom the historian bringa upon the 
 Un^ flan eae^w. The liberator may be oonoealed under tha^jaib of eome 
 fttnt^T*"*, iDi^ jtMlthOy «wp into the Mont ifttrtOMnti of th« 
 
imp«ri«l p«I«M. nay mnbark on • foraifn thon, mi^ U Ijiaf ia w«i( ;• • 
 eommon M»«r to Mii* and imito Um oppraaaor ; but alnjat all Uiaaa 
 •ai|Mrorr mMt a violent doaib. ono bonoath a pillow, aaotbw at tba di^art 
 point Uaooo all thoM dismal oataatrophiM in whioh tjrmnta, Miaod bj an 
 inviaibla band, are mad* to tipiata evan tba vary taara wblob af« eallad 
 fonh, after tba lapaa of eigbteen oenturiea, ^ a Un panual of tbeif 
 eri^Ma. Tbaaa an visible phenomena, that aarred to fcroe upon tb«< pagan 
 writer a eonvietion of the raaiatanoa of a Snprana eaosa. The Cbriatiao 
 needa no iueb aenaible aigna, knowing, aa be doea, that Ood ia patient, 
 baoauaa He U eternal Hamy. it ia true, raignad ia paaoa. and. aftar a lilb 
 ot infkmy, died in hia bed. hot theae IJMta altmr not tba oanviotkNi of the 
 Ghriatiaa, who aeeka ad to fathom the ntyatailoua w^ of Heavaa. aad 
 who knowa that tba temporal impanity of the wiekad fcrma no ground of 
 aoouaation againat the Deity. 
 
 •«. We ahould not have ondartakaa to wriu tha blstoiy c7 tbia d^plen^ 
 taiga, if we had no other end in view than to awaken raoolleotlona. wbieb. 
 aa Shakeapaare baa alaawbara obaanred, are enough to make the very aagala 
 vaap. Tbo apiaoda of the Anglican sehiam, atudiad in ita eaaaaa and 
 adbeta, abaunda in instruotiva lesaona. whioh wa have endaavoarad to draw 
 out in davaUifiBg tha flMta of bialory. Haia wa aball find rapradooad that 
 abn§^« batwaaa tha two prindptaa whioh wa have already noted ia oar work 
 on Lutbar and Calvin. In detailing tba piograaa of tba RefonaatioB in Oa^ 
 ma^. ftma the time whan the monk «f ErAurt poatad aphia aumnMaa tOMVolt, 
 OB tba walla ofAll Bainta' Ohurob at Wtttambarg. to tba hoar whan ba dnppad 
 from aia witbarad Angara hia pamphlet againat tba Papaiqr, it ia eaay ta aaa 
 tbat bayond tba unitj r^raaantad by tba OatboUo ^jmbdi, all haanmii lalal* 
 laolaaloonAaaion, doatrinal ananVt idaaa of MfitioB. daafair in tbttsal tai 
 bamsnaaa of wocka. To tba tMobti^ of that Obavab to wbieb tba voiU 
 owaa ita ciriliaatioa, what oonld Latbar. witb al) bli aUUlQr tad all bit iip» 
 oppoaar Wl^, apatobworkoonliHBionoflBitbwbiabbaoonllMMAallHill 
 and obaagine nntO hia laat biaatb. and whiob bia Mlowan htm wvlaai taA 
 flonaotad until tba mnta aigaa wbieb w p iaaaat it 1^ |0|i ojo, m lo^fw 
 oootain artn a aamManoa of tba original— tbua, aadar tha nauM of Oatbolia 
 onilgr, daatroying that onivefBiil aaaooiation of aoida whi^ waa tba afijf 
 netiTa to iouaeital daada. Tba doctor of tba gentilaa ai^ : SUm m aa^Mk 
 
 fliitb oooMtb by haaiiag ; but bow oan tbavp ba feitbf baia tbtfa an, aa OMi^ 
 
 If 
 
 f 
 
I 
 
 ■ tjiaf ia w«J( ;• • 
 t tlaMl «U iImm 
 th«r at tb« (laf|«r% 
 raau. MiMd bj an 
 » wblflh tn Mll«d 
 
 « {MniMtl of tiMif 
 
 rM upon Umi pafui 
 M. Th* Cbrlstico 
 bikt Ood k patirat, 
 Mw, umI, tftar a Ufc 
 M oooviotloa of Um 
 ^ <tf Hmtmi, and 
 forma no fround of 
 
 r c7 this daplorabla 
 Mollaotlona, whioh, 
 fekatlM fairy angaia 
 in iti oaaaaa aod 
 adaatroarad to draw 
 id rapiodiMad thai 
 ' Dotad in oar vark 
 UfonBatioQ in Oa^ 
 laammoaaloiavalt, 
 orwhanbadnppad 
 aj, it ia aaaj la aaa 
 I. an bMoaaa lirtal- 
 pairiathttsoltMl 
 M» wUah Iha wnM 
 lUr Mid nil kit nfi» 
 
 nkM«NvlaaiM4 
 dp f, Be)o«fMr 
 • nanaor Oatk^ 
 hieh waa tk« 9^ 
 
 f 
 
 AOTBoa^ raarA^a. ^ 
 
 Al Oaoata. Oalfin aaiablialMd th* H/^fonnaUon ou tha raina of all tha 
 •aataaBal Ubartlw parahaaad or won hj tb« {Mopta and Uuir pralaUa. To 
 tka wiaal; Umitad powm of tha t^mnprnj, thara aeon auooMdtd a thaooracj, 
 ahiah. daring a •traofl.. of tiranty yem againat tha libaral party, waa 
 •uatainad mUIj bj lamriam and tha gibbat A wriUr of tha Barlin 
 Hhoui haa juailj obaarrad, in apaaking of tha lawa of Calfin. that thaj 
 vara writtan with a rad hot lron.C) •nd Mr. Jamaa Faaj. truly aaya of tha 
 iaatituliona of tha Oanatran. that thay mutt hara baan borrowad ftam 
 Daaiua or Valana, punishing aa blaapbamy arary word spokan agaiaat tha 
 hiaiophaai Rafcrmad Oanava laaamblaa tha aity of Daata, wbara nothing 
 ia to ba haard bat aigba and groana, and waaping banaath a aUrlaaa aky. 
 
 Qaivi mmpUl, ^nU • aIU riat 
 RiMaa«aa p«tl'a«r mbm Malla. 
 
 Aiyr ona wbo atadiaa tha oondiUon of England during tha parted antarior 
 to tba aeoaaaion of tha Tudora. muat ba atniak by tha aUto of tha hm 
 inatituUona whioh tba oountiy poaaaaaad-^Magna Chart, wiaatad fn>m 
 King John by tba barona. and. togathar w:th thia writtan ooda. inatanoaa of 
 raaiatanoa to daapoUam j a Houaa of tarda oonaUtutad of man of anoiant 
 linaaga. Jaaloaa of thair indapandanoa ; a Houaa of Commona that hai^ 
 -waa itaalf Mi in tha adminiatraUon of affaira. and waa p«paiad with 
 indomiubia oonraga to dafand tha Immunl iaa of tha domaatio haarth and 
 indiridual libar^y <fc) a laligiooa lapraaantation. which, undar tha namo of 
 ConToeaUon. waa ampowarad. indapendantly of any authority or oontiol on 
 tha part of tba monaroh. to maat in aynod and to ragulata ataiytbing 
 tppartaining to doctrina or to diaoiplina. In eaaa of naad. tba elargy oooU 
 claim tba immaniUaa that had baan aoknowladg*! and oonflrmad by royal 
 chartar. Th« P«»pl* had tha right to aaaambla. to carry anna, to ba judg«| 
 bythajaara. Whan royalty, howaw graal ita powar. waa in n«Hi of monw 
 it waa obligad to hata ,«»«ra. to a rota fW,m tha Commona. Now. it 
 •hoald ba oaraAilly boma in mind, tha aU thaaa inatitntiona of fbadom. 
 thaan»y of anrroanding nationa. were aaUbliahad and had thair growth 
 ondar tha infloanoa of CathoUcity. and it wiU than ba aaan how aupiamaly 
 I ui^uat ia tha reproach that Catholioiam haa an afflnity to daapotiam In 
 Kogland it ha. cartainly been doaaly liak«i with tha rapraaantotira lifa of 
 
 
 Maa OwMaa waiw aiakt aor mil Blot fMohriabn, wit d« '"— ' iw^ 
 
I 
 
 th« n.ti«n. I.UtU ^.llcilmi. .bout HilU,^ t»mm. *h.ih-r lh»^ Uh* il« 
 „«m, of P.rtl.«.nt. HUU., .I«n.r.l. I».ir«. or ()«rt«n l» PiW»- '" '«« 
 „,wh«n. .nd .».r,wh.r.. •».« -id- by .id. wilh tb. r-publicn Iribunal. 
 Of Flor-nc. of V«ni<«. of O.no.. of V^ «' «'«'"»^ .»«r,wh.f ...gqH 
 1. watching ot.r popiUr liborty. ...d d.fciing wid.1, from Pr^UmUnU.m. 
 whUih. In (».m.«.7. th.. ih..tr, ..r. w»..ch it n>«le it. flrtt .pp..r.««, f« 
 f|«i do«uidio« popuUr liberty, ^scpt*!. -y M. Oai«.t. whom w quoU 
 with v^iu plM.ur.. •• I will not Uj politic! ..rritnd.. but th. .b...no« 
 
 of llbofty.T) 
 
 Th. nligiou. fwlutlon In Engiand mm ft ilmpU -oUUnt. tnd not. M 
 BanMt pr.t.nd.. th. d.Ub.r.t. pwtiNt of mi opprM«Kl pMpt. .g.lo.» th. 
 |yr«nny of lu priMthood. In th. .iit..nth cntury, th. cUrgy did not 
 opp,«» .ooi-ty In EngUnd «y mor. than lo 0.fm.ny. Hbtory .bo^t u. 
 thl. pri..thood M it r..lly Ml.t.d. " .My M»d tol.r»nt.\«) In cm. of n.*!. 
 th«. w« .lw.y. th. PH>My to gir. it l-*.n. of wl.dom and mod.rUlon. 
 W. .hall won bar. to oont-mplat. a .truggl. botwiwn royalty. n^rm»uUi 
 by Hanry VIH., .nd tb. Papaoy i»pn-.nt*l by Cl.m.nt VII. and Paul III.. 
 Md w. .hall M. wblob of tbM. two powor. wa. on tb. .Id. of Ju.tlo. and 
 aitUliaUon. Tb. Anglioan MbUm originating in illi«it amoun. ««m. forth 
 nady mad. from tb. brain of a Tudor, and It. coming waa n.ith.r herald.4 
 aor proTokad by any ant«»d.nt facta. Thl. ratolutionary work. M. Outoo* 
 r.prM«nU aa oon.ummat*! by th. monarob and tb. •pUeopwy. bandwl 
 tcrth«r for th. purpoM of .baring amongat tb.iM.hw both tb. w.dtb 
 and tb. powar of wblcb th.y d^pollini th. PonUflcal btorarohy. In oor 
 opinion, lb. .mln.nt puMlclal attaob* too much ImporUnc to t b. f>rt 
 pUy«l by tb. .piaoopaoy. which ratbar appam on tb. acn. a. tho p^ 
 inatnimant. tb. aubmiaaiw alaw. and aUwit tool of royalty. Trao — i;|| 
 tb. d^potlo raonarob. for tb. purpoa. of gaining «w th* d#rgy. •€»#> 
 gif. op to th.m a portion of tb. apoila ol tb. lUliflooa Honaaa, 1^1* 
 ntainwl within bia own graap that monatroua poww oC an biwopbairt md 
 monarob. and in thla oh.ract.r of ph.nom.nal dualUm. w. purpoM apMUag 
 of him in the two phaaM of hi. oi»ll and .piritual Uf. 
 
 Tbi. bl.tory of H.nsy VIII.. and of tb. Anglican acbiam forma, aah 
 WM*. tb. complement ol our prrrioua labour, on lb. Kcformatkm. Mmaet. 
 p,^ ff«t and, .boT. all. oon«:i«atioui labouro. aa German oritMiam hM 
 
 (.) BdmM*. PratMMBtiMB oooyiurwl with OaOkoticlMB. 
 
 (k) HM. of OlTiUaalioa la larop^ 
 
 <^ib 
 
 ^v 
 
 '^mI^ 
 
M~\ 
 
 U piwhM lu Ittit 
 publtcftii tritmnaU 
 nrywhar* oiiiiailtil 
 )m ProtMiUntiim, 
 st ApiMArantifl, tut 
 )!, ifhum «« quuU 
 I, but iha abaKDc* 
 
 uUUnt. umI not. m 
 p«opl« agkliMt iha 
 thfl oUrgy did not 
 Hiatorj thbJit ui 
 I la OUM of OMd, 
 nn knd mod«r«Uon. 
 oy»liy. r«pi«Mol*d 
 ^11. •ndPaullIl.. 
 •ld« of Juitioe and 
 unoun, e«MM forth 
 u naithar horaUMi 
 7 work. M. Gttliot 
 «piaeopM7, baodad 
 ras both tha waalth 
 hUranhy. lo our 
 ortanoa to tbaftrt 
 Hana aa th* fl|^ 
 aty. Tra« 
 klMielfrgj. 
 baa Hooaaa, 
 f an biatrophaaC lod 
 m% purpoaa apaaUaf 
 
 ■obiam forma, aalt 
 leformatkm, aamNt. 
 arman oritiaiam hw 
 
 i 
 
 Avmoa'a riivaoii. |i 
 
 •faiitlad tbaiu to ba. &f)r»ov«r, wa htva lought tniplratlon at nAdial 
 tmmm. At Komn, tha Vatimta, boaidoa tha autofraph lattart of ll«itf/ to 
 AiUM llolayn. haa aff>rd«<l u« numarout dooumauta ralatiof to tha glortoo* 
 I — 11^- batwaan Clomant VII. ani< thn King of EngUnd. and to tho 
 diplomatid intHgUM of WoImij ; fr«mi tha Minanra wa hava obtainad 
 iiraditad writings on th« iaoking of lioraa. ar..i on '•*■•■» dispute* in tha 
 Italian unlTaraltiaa raapactlng tha <|uaatioo of difon:«! batwaan Hanry aod 
 Katharino of Arragan. 
 
 At Floranoa, tha Magliabaoohlan Library haa fbmlihod ua with tha dl» 
 patnhM of (Ha Vffnutian Arobaaaadora in Rngland. Vianna profaaaaa man/ 
 iKttara of Charlct V. whioh -• hava ^arrfUII/ conaultad. At Paria, In tho 
 llflthuna Colletftion, ii dapoaltad thn oorm«pondenoa of tha Fraooh aganU to 
 tha Driliah Cabiuat, a treaaum of tinportanc« which La Grand had not 
 flthauitad. But It la in tha Britiah MuMum that wa And tha riohaat 
 oollaotion of authentic) dooumnnU ralatWa to tha graat poliii -al charaotara, 
 Wolaay, Thomaa Mora. Cromwall, and Paca, who took lo aotiva a part In tho 
 pclUioal and raligioua atrugglaa of thia apooh. Thara wa maat with tha 
 oorraipondanoa of the Conatable da Bourbon, aelling tha Crown of Franoia I. 
 to Henry VIII. Suoh are tha aouroaa from which wa hara drawn our 
 information (*) 
 
 We are far ftnom wUhing to impoae our individual opinions upon our 
 readera. Before writing our work, wtfoallad to mind what Go«tha exaeta 
 tnm tha hiitorian — drat, to aaaure hImMlf, and than to prove to hia 
 reader, that hia facta belong to the domain of reality. Thanka to our 
 oflloial documanta. which, being l\i autograph, that mirror of oonaoienoa, 
 oflon thruw quita a naw light upon tha paat. It will beooMo aaay to 
 oonflrm or to ootk'aot any private opiniona, eapeoially by ooaaparing our 
 Inaditad narrativaa with tha taatimony of the hiatoriaoa, biograpfaof*. 
 publkista and philologiata, whom we bnve oonsulted. 
 
 (•) The tsMm, who eaala a gUnoa at Um notaa of our hUtory, nay TmI wm* nirpnaa 
 at Ike dlAraaea in tlta orthogmpby of onr quouilona from Uala of tb« Mina aipooh. The 
 anther haa ia every Inetawoa eBdaavearttf to five a faiihrnl trauanipt of tha original, bat 
 tka Maadly band that oolUeted the f aoUliMw, whiUt praaarring tha mMniug luid c.^waetet 
 el Iki docamant, haa oAaa aabMltaiad a mudara aapraaaUm for an old word. 
 
 V 
 
 
t 
 
 ;*il 
 
 L, 
 
 _;;«;:;;-^li...,;_:; 
 
 J-^v^S r 
 
f 
 
 ,4 
 
 »*^'- ] 
 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 PRBFAOB 
 
 OHAPTEK I 
 
 RBION or HBNBY THB SEVENTH. 
 
 Tin Earl of Riehnood at Boawortli.— BaMl* of BMwrtb.— Th* Bnrl of Rlehmond 
 prooUiawl King. imd«r ih» titk at Utmtj yU.—H»nrf» ekioM to Eojdtj.— 
 Goaduet of th* Plwii«a«nt— -Aot of HaiiaUp to tfw OrawB.^H«tf]r «ppU« to 
 iBBocmt VIII. to obtoia from tbo Holy 8w«» actdowiaff tbo l%|a% of Uo 
 ekiow to «Im thioaa of Vaflaad.— Ho Kiaifa «Mr WM«ih tho Idaad.— lanur> 
 nettoaia rottoMw,\ BopwMtoii of tho IiftiiiiUlBH —Bittli of ArtlMjr. f^ja^a^ 
 uf WalM.~A|)pMiaMa of tha FMndw. LMRb«*-8lMML—IIk iwopt|«i |i 
 Iralaad^Ho Uadt at FanMw.— laMb at 8tolM<-LiHab«t t^lM p rii n aa r r-- 
 Th) 6m Ckmfm^T^mm immA bf VMmmM T|a AMn «f BriMaay. 
 -DadanlkNi <)rPkaaoat StapMsrHMtia If |mMi pal* la W» datia to «te 
 Crawa of Baglaad -Hk dorifaa daftaM aBi:|iii|rthMa pal todaolk^lla 
 wgapao froaa priaoa, la ratakfii, aai paito di illi . Ii i wll Bi ottinlMiaf 
 Wirwiek.~lfan^of PktsM Arttevfth lalhariii of AnaRott^tlaaft of 
 Aidi«r.~Ballif Jalhto U. tatliariii^ tbo awwiago of tha lafcata wWk Baaty 
 
 Ui 
 
 PHaoaofWilaa, Aiffiaaaf MawyVHr-lW Maao of Walao 
 witk Kalbariao' of Anagoavr-l 
 
 '.••IlioMfi 
 
 fMrAo p io<aa t Baaif^ 
 >-Oaiftbof flaaqr VIL > 1 
 
 OaAFTBR II. 
 
 ooaoMATioti or mmurt niEr«iM»>iftit. 
 
 Aeeafriota of Hmaf VIlL-rBia obnaelar.— Hm iofvl iM%.— Aaary'a WfMik. 
 <«#rariwa.-~Poi.-~Ho«atd.— talhal.-~Hiib«l.--Foraii^p.~Tbo Dai^ 
 
 "IMlilagi ''Ilia loMarto Iho (QMittatf da k il a y d r a fi n m aath m ftUaratlnn 
 dl^lbo oatb of Haarp.'-iWiffillaa at WaMiriaator HaB.- "A naa i aodaaaaa* 
 iMI of Boipaoa aad DaJiy Atbo JCiag^ aai a aa ia aa t a. H i t iMrooritaa.— 
 ~ ~ f,-^*m»am M OigbM M «l^ Wia of floit/a aeoaMlHMoBnams^— 
 
 ,5«. V*- .^iK>-Ki'%:<n;f: ■'- :^'^,-^*^ 'y^x^'h'*- > ^•/nfl^M 
 
 m 
 
 r 
 
ooimiras« 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 lUttOPB AT THE ACCBS8I0N OP HBNRY VIII.— 1M)9.1S1I. 
 
 Ambition of Vanie*.— Julitu II. detanniiMd to miuoe that Rapablie.— OefMt of tha 
 VenetUu.— The Pope's plan t<i axpal fell Forainaara from Italj,->JuUua naitaa 
 with Haary VIII. against Louis XII.— Dasigna of tha Kinff of Baffknd aKainst 
 Franaa.— Doiaet aant to Navarre. — Dacaivad bjr Ferdinand of Anranon.— 'Tha aims 
 of England unsoeoaaaful at Land and Sea.— Naval Bngtmament off Breat p. M 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 "v..^ 
 
 WAR WITH PRAMOB.-lftlO-16ia. 
 
 Haniy oontinnea to ha dacaivad by his alliaa.— Latter fron Lao X. to Henry, 
 aoliciting him to enter into a lengae againat France.— Prepantiona for War in 
 Bni(land.— Henry iandaat Calaia.— Battle of tha Spore.— Siege aadeaptoraof 
 Toumai.— War with Sootland.— Battle of Flodden Field, and death of Jamae IV. 
 —SkaUon.— Katharine. p.44 
 
 CHAPTEE V. 
 
 PBACB WITH PBAMCB.-lftlS.Ulft. 
 
 tome Kipamtea from tiia laague-^cnn: daaerted by hie allUa.— Wolaay endeMroon 
 to Aeeonoert their plina.-Offer«, through the madinm of tha Dnka de Longniifilk. 
 tha hand of tha Prinoasa Mary (siater to Henry VIII.) to Lonis XII., wi|t ef 
 Fkwiea.— Their Marriage.— Death of Lodia IIL— Tha Qaean'a iMMI^^to 
 muAaaA.—Hu marriage with the Duke of Softdk.— Wdaay nominiM |{|eh- 
 biahop of York.— Legate • JUere.— L .rd Hl«h ChueaUor^^-SooM «f hia •*•.- 
 BiMmne' oinnlon of Woleey. • f'^ 
 
 cHAPrkavi. 
 
 MARIONAM.— Iftlft<lftl7. ' 
 
 Aeceaaieo of Franeu I. to tha thrana of Fnnea.— Hia ehanMtar.r-H« mmm to 
 invade Italy.— Schinner preachee a onuade in Bngland againat Wimt*. mi0inA 
 raCnaae to liefeen to him.— Policy of Wolaay.— IVeaty of alUanco beiwwNi 1^|M 
 nad Fkance.— BipeditiMi of Flmaoie L Int* Italy.-^Ptaaaffe of the Alpa.— AifM 
 ot tha Swiea.— Battle of Marignan . * f* ^ 
 
 OH.nPTER VH. 
 
 POLIO Y OP mOLAIID.— Iftlft-tftU. 
 
 of Wolaay.— Mnidailini oMm I|m Dnehy «rMP>v< (i» H 
 fbrwlteitag it.— Tha B«|ieNr't plisr-ftaaHa^ •* » ii.^ 
 
ablie.— OefMl of tha 
 Itelj.-^JuUua oaitM 
 lofBoffland •utiut 
 r Agntten.—ThB una 
 mt off Bmt p. M 
 
 V 
 
 B LaoX. to Hanry, 
 fiantioiia for War in 
 Siego and eaptara of 
 ddarthofJaaoalV. 
 
 p. 44 
 
 ,— Wolaejr cndaavoon 
 DukadoLMWVMfiUe. 
 Louia XII.. 9|ft tf 
 
 aar »omi«llM Im- 
 -flooaafUiMk- 
 
 ' ' ' f^ 
 
 loftiMAlpa.— ilMtval 
 
 
 xiii 
 
 05 
 
 Mida Boanival to LoBdon.— Tiraatr batwaaa Praneia and BnRUnd.— Raaturation 
 (rf TourMi.— By what maaaa Franoia ohuinatl ila raatitutioa.— Conduct of 
 Wolaoy 
 
 CHAPTER Vm. 
 
 THB BIIP1RB.-15I9. 
 
 Daath of Ma«lniUla«.— Candldataa for the Bnpiio.— IntriRiioa emplojad by Rtnry, 
 Chartea. and Frwida, to oblaia tba Imparial Cfown.-Crafty oonduot of tha 
 BoKUah Sortialgn.— Charlaa ia alaetad.— HU ehawotar.-Opinlon of Hiatoriana 
 on Hanry'a eondaot during tha alaction.— Motivaa 
 ataanhuion. .... 
 
 for that Monarch'* dia- 
 . p. 73 
 
 GHAPT£R IX. 
 
 THE FIBLD or THB CLOTH OP GOLD.— lA'iU. 
 
 Ftaneia I. elalma tho ezacation of tha treaty appointing an iaterview betwven tha 
 two aowraigna.— Arriral of Chaika V. in Bngland.— Hia praaMit to Wolaay.— 
 Haary ambarkafor CUaia.— The Field uf tha Cloth of Gkdd.— Conferenea batwaan 
 tha Kinga of Engknd and Franoa.— Tuainamenta and Featirala.— Plana of Henry 
 and Woltay. • • . p. 77 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 THE EXBCDTIOM OP BUOKraOHAM.-l&ai. 
 
 Bnekingham at the Field of tha Cloth ct Gold.— Beaaona for Wolaey'a antipathy 
 to the Duke.— Uia bomdlcaa MnWtion.— Hia viaito to tha Carthuaiwi Monk. 
 Hopkina.— Ha la ddMoneod. watched, and airaatad.— Appeare beAm hie 
 jfldgaa at Wcatminaler Hall, and ie eaodennad to ^ on the ecaflulrt. . p. 04 
 
 CHAPTER XI. ^ 
 
 HBNEY AMD LUTHBR.— IVil. 
 
 I^uther'a twroU againat Boaia.~B«nry deteminea to defend the Catholic Chureh.— 
 Tba Aae^itto Saptaa BaaniMnitomin — An aornant of the «<wk.— Tha opiniou 
 
 ' of BniaiBaa, Fiaher, Mara, and other learned men oa it.— Waa it-really written 
 by Henry VHI t—Ttm Aaaartio preaontad by Clark to Leo X.— Henry'e letter to 
 Hie HdiMea.r-The king baa tba thhi of " Defensor Fidei" conferred on him.— 
 Now Henry teatifiea hie gratitoda to ^ Holy See. . p. 88 
 
 CHAPTER XII. 
 
 LOTHBB AND HBMEY.-15ai.-IMn. 
 
 todM Kmi^. Baghodi— An aecouat of the Monk'a panpUit.— 
 hngwi^ f^^|||^lwyl Gcwaaay doM aot endaavQiir to repair tha 
 
-*'*'"*" — m 
 
 ■If 
 
 H 
 
 ThooM MoN «nui«rtelM Humrf* Mmm.— C k» ncim of UhU 
 Lttthar Im«i HMiy'i pwdon.— TIm Kiaf*! rt|tbr. » » » 
 
 OHAPTBR XIII. 
 
 Hi Sir 
 
 I. 
 
 INTRIOUM OP WOMIT.— 1611-lSn. 
 
 ^Htnry pluw, a»d«r th« gMnttf of Wol«*r. • "^ ta»Mlo« ol rinww.— TIm 
 fflff««T •doolMl bf bim to rMiita hto ootk.— WoImj rom to CtM» to M M • 
 mwliator b«»wwo* ftwioto tad Ctartofc— Cnftr «««*^ •' »^ lltatal».-Th« 
 Conforwn brokt* offud Wor d«dH«d.— DmUi of Lm X.— WolMy'i latrignM 
 to wriTO «l the Pkpol Chair.— BMtfam of Adriu of Ulneht . . p. lOt 
 
 CHAPTER XIV. 
 
 A MBW WAR WITH rEAMOI.~-lsn-lSM. 
 
 A Btw Lh(m •Riinat FrtaM.— Mmu waplajwi by Wobqr to nlM mWSm,- 
 DtbatM in tbo Hoom of Coamou, la wbieh tbo Miniatar tokM « pwt.->Motn 
 •iMtod Spwkttof the Hoom of Cemtaom.— ^ppoito tfavprojM* of tbo CVown.— 
 Tbo ouboidiM TOiod.— WMbMB-o oppoolHoa to WoUoy.— "»• 0«irf.^-8mt«r 
 llifadoa Prikiico. and aftwr a oampaiRa of a fcw oaoatiia la oMiffod to w-onbark.— 
 Doath of Adriwi VI.— Wolo^a iatrigaoo to obtaia tbo Tbtnu— Uterary *»»• 
 datioM at Oxford aad Ipowiob. 9'^^'^ 
 
 OHAPTBR XV. 
 
 tftlAtT OP THB DUKB OP BOURBOM WITH BMaLAMD.-l6l»-l»Mr 
 
 lim CoaMablo do Bowboa pw p ai oa to bo>my Ikaaca.— Bo oB^ bta atofteftto 
 Sof^aad.— Hoary laatmeta Ua aabatMdota to tnal wHb that .Priaoa.— Tka 
 Coaatdilo takaa tha Oath of AUaRiaaeo to tbo Kiaff of Bag kuid.— Tbo alBM 
 f tn at rf^ thair o p aa a tioaa maiaal Ptoaeo.— Tbo pwiloaa poaittoa of Paria.— 
 Sba ia loaeoMd.— Tka O oaa tobl a biil m ii MataaiUoa^Vraaab I. uu aiia tha 
 Alpo.— Battla of Boboc. «b«ro Bayard la amldly wooadad.- ISattk of PavfaL— 
 ftoaalaUkMipriooaor.- Baglead aoauaoaa Iba OoaMaUa to iarado Ptoaoa.- 
 Baaaoaa which provnrt tho DahaPa aadiy.— Aawby pivrittB ■■«« thoOaa- 
 kadontoo/— Hoary UotoM to Ao propaadoof Hw BafaMU^-^Mato' 
 
 Tto iriiat it ia to bo attribatad P^ >M 
 
 (SBAPTER XVI. 
 
 AMNB BOLBTM.— IMS^*. 
 
 Birth aad ftnily of Aoao Boioya.— Hor dlUdbood.— Soloctod aa Maid of HoMpf 
 to aeoooipaay Mary, aiatar to Qpary VUU «*«• •*• •«» *• F^— — 
 Aaaob ia tha amieo of Qaoaa Ohmda. aad mwRMi Doahaaa of 
 — Bar dhonaiv.— 8ba fotoiat to BaclM't— i£» MbUm «f wr 
 TboMW Ptoey.-lioaqr fOi la Iwi tiHb bar^ •« eoaoaifao 0»» 
 
 ~\> 
 
 Am 
 
 ABiati 
 — Tl 
 ofth 
 ia 00 
 with 
 Tha 
 Did 
 Wya 
 
 Tbalai 
 of A 
 
 arritn 
 eity.- 
 tha 1 
 
 ffital 
 
 WdatT* 
 
<.~»Uk« mU Sir 
 iMv f phUifc 
 
 1 ol Hmm*.— Tiw 
 
 Cahtoto MiMft 
 
 lh« liiiMH'.--Tha 
 
 •WolMjr*! btrigoM 
 
 oiyMMbdAM- 
 ■kMapwl— Mom 
 Mivr^CrawB.-- 
 k« Cl w gy .'— gwwy 
 [•d le w-MBb«rk.— 
 nu<— Uterwj fooii* 
 
 kMD.~l6l»-lM4 
 
 ■' I! 
 
 )An bl* MCflM» to 
 that .PriiMt.— TIm 
 af Uad.-- Tin dBM 
 MaMoa of PMii.— 
 Mia I. enaaaa Um 
 -Itatttaot PiMrfaL— 
 • tend* fimaaa.— 
 
 li«MW«lMOMI- 
 
 -^ 
 
 COMTINTa. 
 
 X? 
 
 ing from Katharina pf Am«oB.— Tha King 'a prauadad remorM.— Ha 
 ■ hia aenipica to Wolaty.— Tha conduct of tha Miniatar.— KaUiariiM of 
 
 p. 181 
 
 CHAPTER XVII. 
 
 PROJECT OP THE 01VOBCB.-I5X7. 
 Mm totriffoa coneartad batwwa Hanry and tha Biahop of Tarbea againat KathariM 
 -Tha Quaan laama tint alia haa baen bairayad.-Wolwy'a aban in-tba matte 
 of tha Diforc^Tha lihiiaiaraaM to rkMiea^-Tba prataxl under which bia aiiia 
 i.f^'^I?^*^.^*^"^ ^ ^ Kinf-IWla in MaMffoOalio. of mutiac 
 with Margaret and IMMa.-lUtttnia to Bngland.-Hia intarviMr with H««3 
 I?? . "'' ' **" * qoMtion of tha Dlnxea.— Hia latUr to bia MiatNM.P-i 
 yiald her honour r—Sxpadiada adoptad by Wolaay.— Tbo poM 
 • • • . p^ 140 
 
 CHAPTER XVin. » 
 
 Did Anna 
 Wyatt . 
 
 TUB SACIUMO OP ROMB.~l6t7. 
 
 '"*.'« '^IJ'"^ JT* " ■•^-OM^^tl VII.-Tha Popa'a alarm ht tha apnioaali 
 of Bo«rbo«.-Th« KiHlUah ufga him to daftod him.alf.-Wby t -Tha Ooa^d* 
 arritr.. Mdar tto i«IU of lorn., mmI .Mmp. on Monta Mario.-*-. Sm 
 aity.-Darth of BMrbo».-8«>klag of lMw.-Bahafio«r of B»k7lMilib 
 
 tha Holy 8oa.-Tha Plagaa bnaki «at in ■ ^.-^Tnt iMtnTrtaTm 
 
 fieato Orviato.— iBwbatwnyharmngaabimaalf onbiaaimmiaa. . p. IM 
 
 CHAPTER XIX. 
 THE DB0RATAL.->lftl8. 
 
 ^'^i'} «wiatlafc-Ha otmiUta thaokgiui. ami InM tomHa Bem.^-.HIii 
 !P^*^*.*" f?^.T*'**«* °""^ "^ !»«» to wh^ to hriba tk» Cb^ 
 
 by 
 
 VIL-fTha^dvaotgH* 
 
 lor - - 
 
 9nM QnaW^^doaUa .„. 
 
 aatiahatiw at |io«d>o.-|»iri«BM .— «— «.— ^ —^ -^ s^ ,„.-^ 
 
 ttAubm, Hawry. Abm Bolajra. and Wolaay, doimr tboairiikm^-LaMMlLa 
 AmMtothtChmmrilor. ... ■"»"••»««•. ■'^»m> 
 
 • • • • • p. ia» 
 
 CHAPTER tX. 
 
 OAMPBGOIO -.|ft».lM9. 
 
 r 
 
 Anhrd of Ouapaggio is BiiglMd.~-Hia viau to tha King tad ttaaw ffaihailn.-. 
 
 ^l^*^ ««»V«"»«^^-€W}«ir4toa«aai tlmftpoUh a«*lMi 
 iOr^ 1^""*" ViW^ *» dw«riai-It«hafiaa iad HiatniM 
 
 io Jiiia n i td mmi^wmmim iiimnm,,i „ Ty.ry 
 
 «i* «fct fcW.ff<itfc O a ii ■■■■■ l ilo tho-Hipa,..-^.. . ^7^-i^^ 
 
 ;> 
 
 1 !, . !!» ■■'[■' 
 
 i! 
 
 
 lii!!! 
 
 ■ , iU' 
 
—fV^T'- 
 
 iH 
 
 OUAPTEil XXI 
 
 DISGBAGB AMD DIATH Of WOLWV.-»ft»-»ft80. 
 
 Mprtl»«bwlwd.-An4f a of Sir W. Klf^K^, Cowtobto W Ik- ^Ww^ 
 llSlrri. fur U«d#».-U Uk.« Ul «dd«. - W«.to«.-HI. IMI »«^ 
 
 CHAPTER XXII. 
 MOBI, LORD HIGH 0UAM0BLLOA.-IM0. 
 Hit atwlkfc— Dtriw* to qoil ik« ««H<L---B— <imM M> yiywwr iw wbw.— 
 
 7u!m viu. -•••-wit w.tair-o«- .f "•••«^-i!s?r.i?ii! 
 
 {aU^^Iobabw.-TlwMtokM»'t«hHMtar«4«topHfWiM. . . ». ItT 
 
 CHAPTER XXUI. 
 
 •I Mr. 
 
 THM UN1VBRUT1M.<-IMI>-I»U> 
 Qwdliw Md Bi«Md io* "^ J**^ 
 
 Sr!SmSoto»r««tortlySpi^ ,_^- 
 
 !,••«♦<. llto »••«* .U to mil to Itrtfr-Owijiiio.^^ 
 
 l>rttf-Tlw attwito« €1 >bt Dttwct HM brfw tbe U»li iiiHHi y ««■*;» 
 Itoly. Md FrMo..-ll«Mt MiptoH by H«»jr to B«imhi« •wr to Wi cM 
 -CnwBwr marriw Ottoadirt ito^rt H Mi tofc to i ■ . i . . p. M» 
 
 CHAPTER XXIV. 
 
 HBMaT. H«AP or TH» qilOMII*-UIWI«. 
 
f 
 
 ■tftao. 
 
 ikpwttM of Cmh 
 w of Norfetk mmI 
 riM MUOrtrr't «•• 
 
 t4 by Um BmI uf 
 .Hto ImI IMMMta. 
 
 llortoa M paiti— 
 
 n.— hi Hwlwfiw 
 -laiMlwIllbaniM 
 iiiMlidiiilallwir* 
 
 •I Mr. 
 
 ItUtMKM. 
 . p.191 
 
 / 
 
 CiUmratVIT. wrim to tba K\n$,-^H»nrj'» roply.— AboHllon ofth* ArbaIm.— A 
 frtth eo^ d'Hut mtintt th* dMgy.— Britf acaiiiM Htnry'f cnhaMtinff with AoM 
 BoUyn.— Mort ratifnthta oAct h Chknc«Ui)r.— P«mily •ran* at CbalaM. p. 900 
 
 CHAPTER XXV. 
 
 MAKMIAOB OP ANMB BOLKTN.-lft81-1583. 
 
 Plan for an iBtarriaw batwaan Honrj and Praneia.— Anna Bolayn daalna to ba 
 praaant tharaftt.— Craatad llarohionaaa of Peahroka.— Intoiriew batwcan tha two 
 BovtralKna.— Bafora aaparatinK, Henry picdgaa himtalf to abatain frona arcrj 
 Mt of hontlllty towarda RMBa.-~-ABna baoomaa t»etiiit».—K aacroi M arriana.— • 
 Inoldanta. — ^Tha Divoroo procardad with. — Graniner BonlBfttcd Arehhiahop of 
 CSutarbury.— Ha aolieita and obtaina tha Bulla.— Curloaa phaaaa in Cnnmar'a 
 lilW.— HIa ootha and poijarj at tha tima of hla ooBMmrttloa. . p.Sl7 
 
 CHAPTER XXVI. 
 
 mVOMB AND OOIIONATION.>-I5S8 
 
 (" 
 
 ^OoBVoentioa of tha National Ckrgj eoBvanad, who prononnoa in fhvour of Mm 
 Olvoroa.— Tha omo ttiad bafora Gnnaar at DanaUM*.— Katharina aoomionad. 
 — lUfbaaa to tppaaft. — la pranouacod eontunacioaa. — Santcnca given by thm 
 Prtaaata.— Tha Qaaan InfonBad of it.--BahAvloar of Katharina.— AmptbilL— 
 CuraoatioBofAnBaBolayB.— Birthof Bliaabath. . . . p. >M 
 
 CHAPTER XXVII. 
 
 * 
 •OHISM OP mOLAMD.->lMS.|IM. 
 
 QanMit VII. aanab OnHMMr'a aantanoa.— 11m Duk* of NorMk arat to Praact i« 
 *^ pn— nda P>ra»oto to phmfa bb —atry til> aeltkMiv-«Moilva> tor hia conduai— Tha 
 Fgpa arrlvM at Maraailka.— Haaiy haa ao aoeraditad aabaaaador to maet Hia 
 HoUaaoa.— H« appaab to a Gaaoral Coaaail. — Oaamt'a paiiance.— New 
 ooaroaehaaiili M ttw aMhority of lb* Holy 8«a.— •Otamotot'a daittitira aantanca.— 
 Maglaml iapa wn aa f^aa tha Roomi CeaaiaBioB.' S a r yia t a rendered by Catha* 
 IWiMtallagkii<.»-OMftbof GlaiaaalVlI p. 130 
 
 lit* 'i«ii 
 
 CHAPTER XXVIIl. 
 
 THK NUN OP KBNT.-lft34. 
 
 VMoM aad pri^letl«ia of BHtabath Bartoa. tha Nan of Kant.->llora aad fUbm^ 
 
 of bw.— BuHaiatd bafora Oraamer aad OnnaweiL—Condaaaaad aad 
 
 l.«-EntetioB af aaiaa of bar diadplaa.— -Ftahar aceoaad of bdim oao of 
 
 waPBipUBaa.— Ao^trittadir-^An^ inprUoaed with Mora for refoainc tha 
 
 Bl l i>it< aiw)|WM i T >a aWw a tlou ataJaby ba Ktag in tha fa ia — la of <ba 
 
 ••MMMM $aA <npatlidi>>MTw PtopM'a paia* oflleiaqy arand fbaai «m 
 
 P#00fa« 'Ik ' k ' » * r : • ■%■» . i ^ 4' 4 • : ^ 
 
CHAPTER XXIX. 
 
 THB OAITHUSIANH AND riSHIR.-l536. 
 
 HMkitane* of • f«w of th« lUllirlout Houwi to iha BtaluM of 8dpr««»oy -Th« 
 ikfiM Cwthuaian Prior*. -Th«ir h«roic dcatli.— CtiumniM pro|i^aud acMnki 
 UiOM who had •uftwd.-Plth.r M th. T«w*r.-llU iMter to CromwH - Kwlwr 
 b«ror« bit ]udfM.— Hi* U«» m.»in«nto.-Hi« •i««ulk>B.— LHI«nd.— Apptri of 
 PtttI III. to ilM PriBM* of Chrtaundom, P-W* 
 
 CHAPTER XXX. 
 
 MORK AT THl TOWBR.- 1596. 
 
 lion*! flnt ihoitRhit oi- •nWriat Um Toww.— Hta ComiiMnterr on the PnIm.- 
 MwKWtt pcrmiitMl to M* hw htht r.— And wfcy »— «h« mdMYOvn to MlniaUiw 
 tiM Orth of BupraniMy to th« priwiwr.-SttuggU b«t««M tba dMifhtar 
 tad the lkih«r.— Tf lumph of Um ChfittUm.— Allot foM to m* hw hMbud.— 
 A tnth rtrugjita.— KJngiton.— CroBweU tndiMvoan to ovafcoaw Hon, tad 
 ftdls.— MiMioo of Rich, th« Botiottur-QMaral p. t«« 
 
 CHAPTER XXXI. 
 
 BXBCOTIOM OP MORS.— 1M6. 
 
 MoN apoMra Wow hw Judgtt.— Tfca indietuMnt md to Ua.— Hb dafcaot.— 
 DMKMitkm of Rleh.— Won't rtply— TW WBdlrt.— ObtmrnUwM of Um aon. 
 dMBMd.-8wtone« pronoaoMd by tb* Chwwdkc.— Mot* IbImd bMk to priMa. 
 — Mtfinrtt ttkta Utvt of htf ftrtktr,— Mow't Itttor to hit ehUdrfs.— Ptopt 
 bkb Ut old UMid •diwfc—Moro't oioeattofc— Tht ItgtwL-Hio chmctor. p. %M 
 
 H ^ CHAPTER XXXH. 
 
 DI980LimOM OP THB MONASTlRIBS.-IMl*. 
 •WMitr of tho «ob||loM iwohmoB In B«il«id.~llt«t mmykpim mitM* 
 it-iatbaldatloB. Intorttt, tnd Uithood."**Ptott ■<fo^»?; •* .*■? "TC"; 
 Howot ondtr Woltw.— Tho wipprtaabg of i^ tnsdltf MoMoltHit MMod 
 •..-Acwtrtlon. bromikt oroImI Iho Mykt.-Q,o««oll ^oppototog Ttajw 
 Ooatnl ud Vico-nortai^-Tht VltHoft.— Tbtlr Inquiry.— DltoolirttoB of no 
 .— Vtflow Inoldtiift. ^■•• 
 
 CHAPTER XXXUI. 
 
 THB DBA! 3 Of EATHARIM'-ISW. 
 
 ' j^Wriatay CWU.--Mtr lai^low wllk ~ 
 „Kfi»Mtoa.-^A tmw plMO of 
 
r BapNOMjr. — ^Tha 
 pro(«yaud acMnki 
 I Cromwvll -' fbhar 
 «l{*nd. — Apptal of 
 . p. tu 
 
 ry on the PhIsm.— 
 iToon to ■dmiaiaiar 
 IwaM tba dMif ktar 
 aaa bar hmbami.— 
 rafcoaw Hon, tad 
 
 la.— Ria dafcaoa.— 
 «lie«a of IIm aon- 
 akao baak to priwa. 
 hia ehUdrvB.— Popa 
 Hia ehamctar. p.Mft 
 
 IftSH. 
 
 on tf «w ■■Mgtoai 
 
 ill a|>|Mteta£ TlMik 
 
 -DiaaotaMMi af IIm 
 
 . p.lSi 
 
 eOMTRMTa, ^ 
 
 Daalli of Pathar Porraat.— Kathar'aa tohan dancaroualy Ul.-RaqoaaU to aaa 
 Mary and la rafbafd.-llM Countaaa of W.lloughby vUlla Iha Qaaan oa kaf 
 daaib.bad.— liar laal a>onaaU.—Har vtll.— liar (ftaaral. . . ^ I7t 
 
 CHAITER XXXIV. 
 
 DIBORAOB or ANN BOLBYN.— 1536. 
 
 Oooiiniavlon inatltutad to daelda oa tha proil|ra«y of Aana Bolayn— Tha indloU 
 Biaal.— Anna In har Intorter— Wapatch from tha Ambaaaador Oontiar to ttia 
 Admiral of Ptaaaa.— Arraal of Anno'a a«e«>mpHoaa.— Har impnaanoMal In tha 
 Towar.— CnnRMT noalvaa aocnrt diapatrbaa from Haary.—A lattar from 'tha 
 Pirimata to Ua kinn.— A aeana at tha Towar,r-A iattor from Anna Bolaya to 
 Hanry p. "Ti 
 
 t 
 
 CHAPTER XXXV. 
 
 TBIAL AMD BXBCUTION OF ANNB BOLBYN.— IMI. 
 
 Tka Oraad Jary of Waatminator.— Coadaaaaadoa of ▲ana'a aaeaaipliaaa/-~ 
 CoamUaWw to try tbt Qaaan.— Tba Barl of WlHaUra appoiatad Judfi.— 
 Aaoa'a ooadact daring tha 1V>ial.— Tha Vardlet.— Iiaantloa at iha Canriata.— 
 Tka Dirciaa balwaaa Aaaa and Henry prononnood by CnmB^^>Aana at tha 
 To«ar.-^ar Bxaeutioa.— TIm Elng and Jaaa BayoMvr. . p. IM 
 
 CHAPTER XXXYI. 
 
 I1IBURBHOTION8.—I5S7. ^ 
 
 Udy Klngatoa vtatta Mary, who wiahaa to ha ta ao a aU ad to hav hihar.— Tka ao»> 
 Ihaaion whirk Bnrj itqniraa from hia daa«htar.— Tka ntfUaaaat eoaraaad.— 
 Now atatirtaa.— Inaonaetioa la tlM Mirthcni eouMaa.— 'MaaMhato af tka r abafc. 
 Howy raptiaa to it— 1%a rarolt la auppraaaad.— Haary vtoiatac kla plad fa <— 
 BaaBatloM.— Birth «t Bdmrd.—Daath of /aaa SayoMor. . . . p.wn 
 
 CHAPITER XXXVU. 
 
 BPOLIATIOM OP THI MOMABTBBIM. 
 
 naPtopaaadaavaaialavaia to brlaff Hauj badi «a tta traa £ihk«— Tha 
 llaa af tka M aua ato i laa kfriM ^V Ffc tWrai aa t — Tha larfw leaaa t ariaa.— Tka 
 giaat abkaya ai« ooataaalad.— Maaaa aaa p iayad for oblalainf vobtatary l aal ga a 
 ttoa a ^-aka ria g af tka •poOt.— Tha partkiaa tkal Ml to iha ktaf aad kla 
 •aortiara.— BsaroHona ami ■mdara.^War aflalBal tka teiaba^Tka dwiaa of 
 I Badm.— Tba Bdat b maiaoaid to appaar bafota a oouit of j ml A a tt 
 a e adaanaa J ^—BiBpl uywut af tka atolia ptotfar^.— Maataaqoka'a ofMoa 
 ■ p hUa Hiw af >ka nUtfimm mrtlMi Mii t i. . . . ^ p,n9 
 
 T t i M ^ iBftawfai. 
 
r 
 
 CUAITRB XXXVIII. 
 
 THK IICMTIOS. 
 
 UdkeaW MTTM ta Rn«Un4, m wilt m In Qtmutf, u> MUn4 IIm BalofmUtM.— 
 Plali pablklwN hia Hupplioatlon of tlia Poor.— Hit ThomM MoiVa nplf ta FW*.- 
 Tyniiaira BibU.— Haralka p<ini«h«l In KnfUad— BUmj. Har.lta*. f*»^, 
 HcwiL—CnniiMKa conduct. ~liia|Nit« balwaan Lambert, tlia aehoolmaalar, an<l 
 Htnry — Umbart omdaaannd to b« bnral aJiva.-An McuaMkm bntnghl acain<4 
 CaihoUoiam and raAitod — CtvU Ucialnltun —Opinion of tba Rafonaara •• iIm 
 rhoM of barcay.— Had Hanry not aaondad, l»ioo«l would nol hnv« loarad I* 
 lonlMd . . P.SII 
 
 CHAPTER XXXIX. 
 
 OABDINAL POLL 
 
 iMMwad mmfH an ^ pnrtoT Roma wM, racnri to IIM1I7.— NoUa 
 Pant UL— Tba Popo'e pfopoaala fw • r*aon«UI«tion tajaaiad.— Tha aaknaqf af 
 PoU to Bniland to aibat n monalUation with ika Half iaa.— Pbta'a drtldbood. 
 —Ha aiudUa in lialjr, and Ntuma to RnffUnd.— AttoMpla mda m gun btm 
 aver in favour of tha dtvorea.— Boana at WbitahalL— PoW ia Italy.— HIa iattar 
 to tha King — Rteallad to BngbMid.— Snsraa Inid for kin^A raward a i Wa d fw 
 bla head.— Hia ralatioaa and imrtiaana impfiaonad.— Baacvtkaa of kU agad 
 * , . p.Ml 
 
 I 
 
 CHAPTKR XL. 
 
 THB SIX 4BTI0LBS. "I/; 
 
 Uaory'a poUileal ikaoika iRaUniaiM paitUa faroMid la KHlaad.-Qar4lMr k«d 
 of tka CatkoUa partj.-Ha praaehaa agalaal tka Rafcrau tlo«.-TlM khab 
 dariraaa of puttiag aa and ta tka eoatoatlona now rMi in tka klRg4a«. ifAa 
 aoauBlttaa on tka Sis Artldaa.— Tka BtataM tt Bload.— PtaaMar.— OpiaiaW ^ 
 Malaacthafe and Luihar oa »ba Six Artieka.— Dai^|«r laaumd bf CnuHaatb «ka 
 datamlMa oa tending badk Ma wiik to GamaMf. . p.aM 
 
 i ■ --•(•■'. 
 
 ( 
 
 )L 
 
 CHAPTER XLI. 
 
 itvm 
 
 1 OP Ct.iVBB.^»»lUBL 
 
 of donwalra appraaakiag ML-^** pnwMpft Vk 4l«lM% Uka Ifl^rtw 
 marriaa tha King to a Utkavaa.— Ana af Cftnaa.— Hav akaiaatof. AiiM h 
 Bagkad.— Hanrjr ia dceai*<id ia kal^ aad wialMa ta aaM ket bach.— miMf^ •« 
 Cromwall. who ia anatodi Iwl al laMS.-Hk M.-8eat to tk« Taffi^ 
 Cranmar'a ktt«r to tha Kfag laa p iati ag (VaawaO.— Tka HialMar 
 withaatakaariag.-CraiiiaarvotaaAwkla4«alk . . . 
 
 
 r 
 
T 
 
 I I)m lafovmUlMk— 
 Mr**! nplj la Pto^.~' 
 
 •J, l1ar<ltBff> l^lilti 
 !• •chiiolmMlar, aMtl 
 tkm bnNtghl •(•tiMrt 
 
 »•! h«T« IowmI ta 
 . P.SII 
 
 ■.-Platc'a tMldltMd. 
 • m4« m fMn him 
 ) la Italy.— Hb bitar 
 -A nwmti otmi ht 
 MMkM of kU aia^ 
 
 n tiM ktiH | 4—l . fh m 
 MMltkr,--0|rfaiMMM 
 mdl bf CruHMiv «tM 
 
 WHIIIlTt* 
 
 CHAPTKR XLII. 
 
 I 
 
 «WMltr.-iAR)«il hi 
 
 I Mlalitar 
 
 ^OTHU DIVOIIOI.>IM0. 
 
 •f CWm MMt to BMiMMd ~Tk« tlMMi'i ttlal Wot» lb* Howm •! 
 tarda. — The dsryj ^aTsksd Ths/ {sreasusss is <»tss» sf a divsiea — Th« 
 
 P^MS 
 
 CIIAITER XLIII. 
 
 KATHIMINI IIOWARD.-lft40>lftll 
 
 Hm GalbolW party aitrt thanualvaa l« bring abnut lh« marrtaca of Htary wilk 
 Kat b a c i— HttvaH. — Har aharaalar. — lloMy'a bayyiiwaa— I aaaalli daooaiiaaa 
 Kalkattaa to Iha PrtoMia. — CrMiaav infanaa tha Kinf of bat aorilMl.— A 
 t<m«iaakM iaawd lo analM lata iba akania.— Darbaai aa4 Colpapnar. 
 Kalbarlaa aaM ba 9iM Hiaaa. Hat liiaL— Hat aeoeaapHaaa a— dhwaa4.~Tb» 
 Qaaaaaoavictadaad »«auaoa4oa Iboflbariiaofaiiallary.— liar tMcutioa. p. Ml 
 
 OHAPTER XLIV. 
 
 WAR WITH rRAllCI.-lft4f 
 
 ^■•■ry taaka la vata to laad Fraaaia I. Into acbtaa.— Oaaaaa of Iba laplara 
 ba la aia tbato two priaeaa.— LaaKua of Haary aa«i Cbariaa V. acalnat FVaaca.— 
 Op— Maai of tha BaipMor.— Siaiia aad Captura of Boaloffaa by Haafy.— 
 iMbtttaa af Oiarfaa V.— Daa«r«ra laoorrad by Haary, vbo ictaraa to Ennlaad. 
 —Naval war ba<ara»a flnuMa aad Bagiaad.-H^MMa «ad aUtoaaa balwaaa tba 
 P.MI 
 
 ClHAPIlfK J^^k^ 
 
 CBAMMIR.-UO. 
 
 bUMftaa n».— H«r aw iT ^ n arttb Hanty tba work of iba lafena paHy^— 
 QraaawA— AddUiaaal aato of eowardica oa tba part of tba Priiaato.— Pragraaa 
 of Mm Ma l a i ai rt l ■■■— <larilaar.--Qraaawr d aaoa n aad to Iba Kiaf by tba Owioaa 
 •r OaaMrbaty/— Tkotr plat faila.— Coataal batwaaa Craaaar aad Oardixar. i 
 — A firaab plot affaiaat ika nrkaata. • P> 
 
 OUAJPTBR XLVI. 
 
 EATHBKIKI PAKB.-IA44 AMD POLLOWIMO TBARS. 
 
 la l a n laad. Wk a rt aa baprlaaaad.— Ha ratiaeta.— Aaaa Ayaooogb praaaku 
 
 Ilka Baal fw aaaii , ia faa p r laoaa d. aati aflatwarda barok-CraaaMr'a oa»- 
 
 tbo ■aftoaaaa.r-Sko la daaoaaard to tba'faaii.— 
 
 t tmrnwA raitnrt Mi iHt- Tki Hwiia noaim pwahhaitnt •.aTT 
 
 I 
 
 
(MNrfMm. 
 
 OHAPIKR Xl.VtI. 
 
 IIOirOtl.-IMM9. 
 1\« Kkff on HU 4m4I|'WI.-IIU ••i||i..«li ol hiImI —TIm H*ww4a and S*fiiMw*. 
 — CoMiXfMjr M*iMf ■«•" ' ' *'»'•' ••' '"'!••». *>» Iha'um of Nnrluia. -TriM ami 
 fond— natlwn of ■•fray.— (Iiiat Mt tn l.on«i<>n •! Itia a«a««lt«M . - • Norfalli 
 tokan to tiM T««*r aiwl t«(.>l im<1 to da»th. Il« ■iWnpU la fwm l« aaclu 
 Haary't ittty^Tti* *'')■«'■ <i«^h mvm Hoffblk (ron iIm tdktd. . p. M> 
 
 CHAPTER XLVIII. 
 
 DIATH or HIMRT Vlil.-1H7. 
 
 HMfy iMkM kU Will — DWpoaMkNM •! Um MwmmIi.-AmwwM o( kla Imi 
 ■Matnu.--Bdww«i VI. rotWdi may k\»d «t mouniiiiff for kia Palkar.— Th« 
 Simi't bmly nfomA al Smm U««Ma and kaUrrad at W/inda«r.— A Rtaaaa al ika 
 MaMnk'a n^a.^-TlM iWlka«Mti«.^Tk« lUformalkm la Ba«l«Ml. . p, Mt 
 
 
 >»- 
 
 V. 
 
m4i 
 
 mmhUom . Norfulk 
 » in mm l« well* 
 bid. . y^MI 
 
 IT.— A hImm •! ik« 
 l|l«Ml. . fb Mf 
 
 ' i»>f 
 
 LIFE 
 
 niNRY THE EIGHTH. 
 
 OHAITER h 
 
 INTRODUOTTOR. 
 
 ftllON OP UINRY THI ilVINTI. 
 
 Th* Iwl •# lll«liaMHMl M noMMM*.— •miW of ■ •■ w wi.~Tfc> lart af 
 
 Klnfl. iNHtM Ik* Ull* o# lUnrr VII. -lUnry'* dalnii m ■min,— Omi<lMt ol I>m Pmii 
 
 A«l nf lUlNiilir to lb* Oroan.—IUnry trpUM In laaMMI Till M ubttln Mmm dM Nalv Sm M 
 
 Ml sllovlag A« kifaUty of hi* «i>lni« to Ika Ammm of Bn0mt Tk* tlM>e taat WMM^ tfH 
 
 NiaH.- iBW Mw ^fc m la Tavtekln.— ■nMaatan ot iIm laMwnMlMi Wrtti a( AnhNrT^toM if 
 
 Waha^-AMwarnnaa «f ilia ftMmdktt. UaMlwit llaiBaL— HI* raaayUua la li«kM4.->aa I 
 rnniaaa. — ■*•«!. at nutk* — La«k«H lakas prtaaMr.— Tka mm OiuMibar.— "^liaa Amu.. 
 PtriUmani.'-Tli* tMain at Brltun;.— DaalaraHon of faaca M tlavia*.— Nrkla TTirtiit 
 In hi* (lain w lit* Crown at Knft*M,>-Mla <I«*I«m MbataJ a«4 lUa aaitiaana aM » < 
 Ha w aft i rta« i^aaM, t« nmkmt, aMi |mI w Jaa^k— It w tigwi of iha Barl «« W« 
 MarHat* al PriwM Afilrar Villi Kathartaa a4 AwMaa,— Pa«» af Aftbor.—MI af JmHw IL 
 aaibodilag ika maltl*ia of ika la«Miia villi Haufy l>rtM« of Walaa.-Avadaa al Umuj VU.-* 
 
 Tka Priaaa of Walta prutaala aplMI kta BMnlaca w(A laikailM af *— urn ■mimi Mib* 
 Fru«**«^H*wf • chanaur.—fllt M* aitoANan, liBfaan *»l ttailty^N.^ af MaMy TIL 
 
 RioaAM» lit. atop! o« tboMNkfllAvffmt, 
 HottL 
 
 Uli, M Um BIm Bow Hvttlt m..,..,m, 
 ud M Mm bowow mi iImI tow* m hk 
 vwwkorM, Mlo««4 bjr • b«4j «l ta»000 
 ■M. AatewMefOMtafftlMMil^abttad 
 brgiw kaM oat bia hiuid, iMptaf to raaaivo 
 ■Ima, Md «M raftioadit boMrtng tUt it waa 
 Um hi^a ansf pMaiof by. k> wuhlaiiii i 
 "If owaaoM i krt ioa ««taolUa4|^M 
 Ika laoMi is hMvaa kM Aifogti t«lM tMi 
 Bominff, tOAttd wiB kaa kit mmv wi4 
 lifer olkMilaii w tho towtlM of ]^« 
 wbooa eraat »M tbo rMnf moo«.(«) Blekatd 
 kaMrd Mt Ikia proplMejrt ■! «lMl aoaoiit 
 iba a o i w d f 'a fool a|i»akiiaiotl» panmal 
 bytkakrtdftv wkas tko kiiiw«|riao». 
 elaimedi " Ifli hoid akttt olrika ^pMN 
 
 iS.sasttitrtf*'*^^'*^ 
 
 tkolvwf iwmpot ao ka ntaiM tkiaidi^'*(k) 
 ' ' ' to daokla tka ikio of lU 
 
 partUa by m apfaol to 
 
 Hawy 1V4ot. lafl of BiekMmd. tM 
 " koolwd.» ■• liokovd MiM Mo rifri b 
 
 ptoaiOModoa odAfoaoad to Idafoo^tM 
 MikfU a«kriM«% hMl MUad ftoai HuM 
 «• in AiRMl «(|k Iba vdladi In^ «| 
 
 r.4?: 
 
 ▲Mii(«) On 
 
 I Tmipmik lo A i b wit w % 
 wMi body of f.000 aMHfifaMlHbr^aiiN 
 poaad of f>rwah fd Walokaao, b ooyodi wm 
 witbohopoilMalb«bio< 
 
 (>) Twaho 
 
 Pwiikaiiid um. 
 
 '9'iii^i»i. 
 
 Oi-'' 
 
«^ 
 
 Lin Of mw»wi «iit. 
 
 Mm .entail of that doy b*dd Mm ot » 
 •WtdJitMMollwmBlolwrd. Oath«ri||ht 
 of Pm'.M(« wm tha riUago of BoowoM. 
 whmtfciUoalltaomilwuwt. ThoBwIof 
 RiehoMMH! df ridad hlafotcaa tototwo bodiaa, 
 ftivinf tha «ou>icaand of tha vanRuard to tha 
 Bail ol Oirordr whUo ha hiiaaalf oom* 
 tawtdad tha nar. Tha nifht waa apaat. 
 V Shska»p<wra haa lo baaotiAiUT daacribad, 
 in pnparatioo for tha morrow'a eontaat, 
 Md tha old ahronMara, Spaad and HoUinf- 
 ahad, lofcnna ua. that Rl<haid "waa moat 
 tarriblypnUad and halad by dariblBhia 
 alatp^t*) BbtnotwithatandiDitthaaaiioe* 
 iVBal ▼WtMta, ha waa atirring at dawn 
 to iaapaet hia poaMoD. and finding a aantiaal 
 llyplng at hia poat, draw hU avord and 
 •M^bad him to tha haart, aulaiminf , " I 
 iiMii4 Ua aalaap, and '» ! '^Mra him." Aa 
 Iwpawad hafbi* ft* laal of tha Diihaof 
 29 orf<A in aaardi of a conftaaor.C') ha raad 
 *a MiMTiic oonpM, »l>i«<> "~ *^^ '^ 
 llfatMl; 
 
 • "Jaihay af Norfetk, ba nat tao bold, 
 
 ForDUlMBtityaMtoriabovihtaBdaald;'' 
 
 ttrtddi Blehaid only amiled. Tba poal 
 • £hmha kinff had bam batiayad } Cor 
 ^Mm4 Staalayi frhom h*^ had anmmoaad to 
 flin hiiB, npttod in a moat inwlent maanar, 
 I trouM maith at aoon aa it wna ia> 
 
 Si<) iriMraon Wehard ordarad that tho 
 • ttaaaon ahonld ba aspiatad by «ba 
 IM, whom ha had dalainad aa a boataga, 
 M liha «rmnpat aoooding tba charga. 
 glcklH advanead at tha tm OMat» aa* 
 M^Hfim, •"IV«Baon;'* aUw wiAW* ow 
 W^Wr Wil^hun Brandon, tha «Ba«y» 
 i^iM^A#i^baaiW, and Sir John Chanay. M 
 ♦JiigWfh»lWii-ondb«»i.^,h^ 
 kf Ki avMaela, abaaOiMiOd by Ut mm 
 
 «^ ati^l^a fq >* t^SJ-JiS 
 
 ^wVSk Itbwada, a* tha ffaol of * hw, 
 
 I by *ha nama of Aymo»lay<,t^«li«»* 
 
 tt hb bUd a rividat. Iha iMblrtI 
 
 DolpattaKt wm drink. « mi^ 
 
 a ft^ng of anparatitioa^y «■ 
 
 ■a HiXory of Raglaafi dwinf «*• 
 ._3s4to da Ww>l!i«^-««fc««. 
 
 body waa aoon alrippad of hia ganaanta, 
 
 arma and military iRalgnia, and tha erown 
 
 eoacaalad by ona o( tlM fuKitivaa bahind 
 
 aoma bramblta Rrowing on tha baak,(0 
 
 whara it waa diaflovamd after tha an- 
 
 gBfMMnt by a paaaant who oaniad It 
 
 to Lord Slankyi thia aohlaman Imma- 
 
 diattly placad it on tha aoiK|aaror*a baad. 
 
 hailing him u King Hanry VIU whila 
 
 tha army intonad tha T* Dim amid 
 
 tha blood^yad lmmblaa.(i) Natar waa 
 
 thara ao rapid a ravolotiooi In tha 
 
 morning, tha Baii of Richwond waa an 
 
 advanturar. at avantida, King of England. 
 
 Batwaan aunriaa ami mnaat. Baghind had 
 
 bahaid two maitaia, ona, a uaurpar, whoaa 
 
 vary nvna WM held in aiaeiation I tha t»thar. 
 
 alaoted by Ood and vietoiy, bad hia poat. 
 
 lauraata. Barnard Andr<.(>>) who had coma 
 
 aoma diatanca to ba ptaaart at tha Battle of 
 
 Boaworth. raady to pvalaa and axtot hia 
 
 daada. Hanry Ttodor. ntaad to th««m>iN 
 
 by aa alMOon aHogathar pagna, aAjillad aa 
 
 hiaeiatt n oaowa ia hbMb of «Mlni.C} 
 
 Biehard'a body, aakoi, pnWMMi nd 
 
 oamad with iltb, wan ikmm mm a 
 
 bona, hia ftat hM«to( OH #eiMi«Uto 
 
 hia band by on iha aiM.imd tiiaaoMvayad 
 
 to Laioaatart aa Ika m^f^ w§ |Miag 
 
 ovw Hm bftdg^ Ui ki«# 
 
 thiaia>4ttoj^* iffriMl 
 
 ■b4 thoa wu tto M 
 
 ftaUHM. Afkarhwlng 
 
 two ihgft «> tha 
 
 tha popidm |N>iM ml 
 
 i»tho«#i«>>««^«li<^ 
 
 /ttia 
 
 m.^^ 
 
 at Urn. ^-~- . 
 
 Stt^MMtha, 
 
 lha.ya«iof.oiBliM 
 
 
rIpiMd of kU RtnoMittb 
 ioilgBU, aad Um crown 
 o( tb« AmltivM bahind 
 rowinf oa th« baaktO 
 wovtmd aflM Um an- 
 p«MUl who owiM it 
 I tbfai Bobl w inn InuM* 
 a tiM MiMiaaror'a bmul, 
 [init Htnry VIU wbUa 
 d ttM 7*« Ukwi amid 
 rMaUM.(i) Vtmt wh 
 
 • NvolutloBi !• Ui« 
 A of BicbinoBd wm m 
 Dtid(^ King of Bafflud. 
 ad jonMtt Baglaad had 
 n, oao, a iwurpor, whoae 
 1 la onMaattoa I tha ^tkar, 
 ad vicloiy. had hit pott- 
 Aadr^.d') who had come 
 
 • pfoaaai at tho Battk of 
 to vnk» aad axtol hia 
 idvr. niaad to tkt (Mpiia 
 
 tia^MAaftMtaa-C) 
 Mkdii pnMtfM, and 
 
 .VM.ti«ai ji-'ui...^VU ' ! !' E'. ' "4U',^".'.iP""."" " ' '■■ !"? 
 
 tin or aiNKT vm. 
 
 0^ Bdward avaaRtd.(i) Tha Houm of 
 Tork had eaaaad to roiKai that of Laa« 
 «Mt«r waa about to aooctodi but Haoiy 
 wu not tho laNitiiiiato hair of that aoblo 
 llunily. Hia UMthor, MarRaiat, CouaiaM 
 of Riehinoad, waa Om daoffhtor of Joha 
 nuko of SoaMiMt. itrandaoa of John of 
 Gaual, Diiko of Laaeaator, and a baatard. 
 B7 virtua of letten pataat fioa Sicbard II., 
 John of Gauat had obtaiaod tho lagitfaa*. 
 tioa of hia hatural childraai botfal thia 
 act of* klndiiaaa oa tha part of Siehard II. 
 fava them no riffht to tha erawa, aa ia 
 tha aol whoraia wara apadlod tha varlooa 
 pririlaKOa fraatod to tho baira of tho 
 bMtard, «bo Hgkt of aoocoaaion waa 
 Mpaeiallf pMhlbiud.(k) Tho eoaquoror 
 •oI«tnal7 aatavad Loadoa oa tho Mth of 
 Attkvat, ia a eloaa eanhm*. ooaeaaUag hia»> 
 aatfaafaraa poaaibia fkom tiio gaaa of tha 
 poUlio. rithar throuffh fcar or UMtdaalj. 
 Tha Lord Majror aad MM pciaaipal oitiamM 
 wytad oa bin at Hofaoajr Ptek. to ooofia. 
 tolato hia oa hhaagawtaa to tho thraaa.(*) 
 n» vmtfh raa to naoi hia oa hia way. 
 and aada tha air naooad with tbair aoeb. 
 natioaa. aa thof had praviawfy doaa adaa 
 Kiohaid aaiohad out of tha citf to aaal 
 hiaadmnaif. Thanaotorwao tha aaaai 
 tha aauN. aloM waa Awaciad. 
 
 "KiafHaBnrlKtagHaMTi OwLoH 
 piMamtbatawwIaadwdl.kaowafhaa.'^ 
 Thajr oanM la pwi ii nl i a Mbia Ua Iha 
 
 imaga of It Oa«l^ MaiaddMfoa of Obd. 
 vaihHiar. tha daa aaw. Iho thiaa alaai 
 which hadiaatodlalktairifaaiaff tha. 
 
 Iiat, aad WM iltaaiad ara i Hr laid ^tha 
 
 quator aa tha kiKh akaraf at. AwTaf aftar 
 tha iatoakW af «to ih Aaah^ tho paiaea 
 letaiaad to «iw Naii af tka BUiop of 
 Uadaa^(i) Shaath^ illir aaaiaaa^ad Mm 
 y np a ra liaai awfcii l j iMH i y ia . Ibaddto 
 tha poapagtia iinin a ). thakiataNatodi 
 •Bda^ dM Baa« at «* •^Taoaaa of tha 
 Guarf,'*ahodyef i fc yM iha n iaaaperti^ 
 
 Hl!3itafOwi>fty ****** Wadloata aat 
 wlMaa'araaaSUartJUataayaf 
 (•) miri Ohnaidaa^fto nijm of tho 
 
 of hia aaoort : thia aot would fwobablf hava 
 givaa Anea to tha nation, had ha not, hko a 
 Mkilful poUlieian, afflrmad thai it waa aa in* 
 offenaira appaadaga to tha royal dignity. (I) 
 Tha Arobbiahop of Caatarbury phMad tho 
 orown on tha hand of tha aaw aoaai^ 
 who, on raoairing il^ took tho nanal ohth 
 that ho "would keop and laaiaaria tha 
 righta and lihartiaa of holy C^iaroh of old 
 tino. graatMl by tho rightaoaa Ohrialha 
 king* of Baglaad."(«) Wo ahaU aooa hara 
 to aotioa tha altorathma aado by Hoary 
 VIII. hi thia oath immediataly aftar hia 
 ooroaatioa.(k) 
 
 Tha Phriiamaat aaaamblad oa tha yth of • 
 Nofambar. 1486. at Waatmiaator. Coa- 
 vokod by a eonqueior, it waa, to aa ttw 
 aap t aai i e u of an aaiaoai wrilar. aaaylawi 
 b«iBfahaBd.(t) Btttavyandaamptiaawa* 
 a a«|ority for tha partiaaaa«f tha Hoaa«|> 
 la aaa a t ar, who, aada )ha i^|a af Ik*: 
 HoaaaofYorli.hadbMaaitkaodlad,ia^ 
 •Mod, or aondaaaadllB aoaanaa0y.a)«ii , 
 •omoqaaatiy. thofar i%ki to toka tkM 
 ia tho houea waa dia p a t a d al tka 
 Haw oonM tkay pofriUi 
 
 r lUfaatioawaabitN^hafcH 
 Iko ffirhn a a, whaa it waa daold«illkfe|- 
 tka a«r aaariMn ooald m tok« .H^, 
 thaatotato^bywUelitkiykai 
 
 if 
 
 ^toa righta to aaai^. a 
 
 dMenllrr«l6rgMalavlM»> 
 aaa aow MMi krfaa tkoka«M»< 
 Haay kh^Mlf kfd k*a* aaadmaai a*. 
 • «aM Mmg tka kt^ Miga. tmik^- 
 ka tOm iato tiw kaada af "^ TrfHH||| 
 noMrak. woaU HaabOaa kaM bafa aini 
 todaaiktM itwai. ka wtoatiOaaMaaHir 
 to tka law. Bat tfw Ja^ioa aol»«i, 
 tkU ptahlaa by daddfaigtka>thapainiiloi> 
 «f tkaerawa kad^kalidMd tktataMltf^l 
 
 L-/- 
 
 JHalla«.-Hmto.~Taaiar. 
 
 (h) iiiotihaa.-fI.- ""' ■' 
 
 as 
 
 ,s 
 
utB Of mnvt nit. 
 
 ■iifclfi'. Iw IwJ mtmi to ba tiiwtihb 
 Hi ■■■ iilan D It ■•« bacMM MMMuy 
 1* MkAHah Mm otaioM of Htwy Todor to 
 Ito li^oli wowo. m4 u ha htd bow 
 litlwfaa ■ ■* Ikwwortk, Uo raeeMo «m 
 hrtw^Mtod M ft mnifNlitioa of A* wUI of 
 ao4iahkfMrow.i») HoRMltn^rboaMn 
 Ami ihio ■ni«>Mi*. tl>i>* ^^ dootfiro of 
 41m mMiU ftgM »«i af^ nwimd. whieli 
 tMniii. M tho rwfi«r any powiMy fMolfaMi 
 Ihil to ftdMl. iIm DIviM will mw •kowa 
 ia Ihviw of «ho flonfMfor. «• if OivtaM 
 f»»Www imhMkI tho poitlft. vk* in. 
 .«MA^MiMi«ho g^yft»4iwtrdtiM 
 iTUo MIntfoa of n Imhmb 
 ■u«MWW to oHip Ma 
 if pow> IMI Sany. teiAd of 
 Ma .MrwIlaMwRneioM^pM; 
 • to ntofai vhotovai VMlk of 
 I Wl hatd udtr Bkhn40) 
 
 idfafflkkllMMkOl 
 
 VWs HIV ^^^i^»^^^vy 
 
 (I ft: 
 •f FMlMBMl'poMV! 
 ~.ill'^il«|*'<4||*».«l« k# boatf fliiiitr ffi 
 
 , >'mA mi 
 
 §lla^m gMteM. Jh aM ^rt iwi Ate 
 
 i» toiiriK^.oM'ft 
 
 .- '^«gl 
 
 to odMil bla right to «ko anwo. I 
 aa it vaa yat aMoaoffnitod hy tha Mtioo, 
 aooetdad to tha Uag * /o^ ft PwU'- 
 BWBtary laffMnNwy, btfor* wUah evtry 
 other daim yia)da<l.(k) Tha rinht of •ao< 
 oaMloa moat, iharafore, ham hcaa e<>n«i< 
 darad ft gn/n focation, tiooa Pftr^iaoMBl, 
 afkar all. wfta not wtii>Aad ■• to tha irffitU 
 may of ila own act. Tha ayateriuea 
 daoraa of haarao which ito aiaiohara 
 iMRiaad fur ft matoaftt that thay had foad 
 oa tha thoni-b«oh of Boaitoith. did not 
 now i^pow to Ann OMfMNtlf toftsifcat to 
 MtoMiali « ooooacMto ft ■•ffttty. Thff 
 wawaair iatMr of aaaa fhmkm oyothar. 
 iiUah ftriaiiW (ima OM af tU toartM <l tha 
 fatoUy of Yotk, BilUhl iMltor Of Jrtw oftoa 
 
 fbfth. ftttoftd OirM»^>»'«Wl»*«"^ 
 rlRhto. ••* «••» * w»1» » *• •!^*!! 
 
 mmr M"J^» ^ AMfktfV^lf nlM"^ 
 IV, «»ho w«h*« tMI» •! f"IP»:^ 
 to|M»p«otMitp im iml M w» 
 
 1 tMimwmm Bmm~Qifta»;mmf ^ 
 
 w tWft toi tfto- ^<wfw»>Mwi ** ' jB r" 
 
 Warwiok iftM«t4 UilMlfr l^llfcj|>' 
 
 daalli of •l*(Wfc,^ -a-M.i.;iiiliil* to 
 
 Maii6 IHftiMMtftlholaiatilt 
 
 iliili|l#MA m^ mi4'. (Mi fhriift* 
 
 4MMh«k>»* W0i««* to thftN^fti VMM 
 
 tf'^iiMMiiABOTriraicB Loidt Howy VII.» 
 M Mi Mm rn^a* mUrwmm 
 
 .f Miiiiir-. -"^"^ "-T — *^'* 
 
 ^hftMniootod. rft i li ai t. aot daring 
 
 iftaU 
 
 BiltaUPwIiaaMwtonWB* ^htt-W. 
 lionid* 
 
 Mnaplt to Uadop4 tha fPMpil*^ 
 
 acalbld. tto oth« dactel vMk'^y|M^ 
 
 i.dtoopttor-'Aokiftt/*'**'^ 
 BftBlBRisaok «» ft^- y. i ^w ^yT' 
 
 <.■' 
 
 ^'^b—; 
 
lh»«<Mni. I — . 
 
 wipilMd by tiM MtioB, 
 Ling * ftf^ % PwU*< 
 , b«for* wbieh ertrf 
 L(k) Tbt richi of •iMw 
 rfore, h«T« bMMe<««U 
 Mion, tioM Plv%aMBt. 
 itUAwl M i«tb«fefiiU. 
 Mt. Tb« ajraleriues 
 
 whicli ito mrabm 
 
 Mttt tkat llMy iMd md 
 
 of BwHMXli. did Mt 
 
 1 tdMsMlf aMnifcak to 
 
 ento ft ivf")^* ^^ 
 
 luiii plwlrrTT-**"' 
 
 (MtMMriiilMrcfiM 
 HM^Mw.pQaiveh to 
 r tMte «C «l|iP> iniald 
 
 M^j?^ ^ ^^ 
 
 
 
 m 
 
 ftiri or HENKt nil. 
 
 of Torh, WM sbont to pwtako vt tha rojnd 
 toaoh, 7«t ha wm not iwdljr at nai To 
 baniah hta tonora, ha apiOiad to Roma for 
 Um eonflrmatkm of hia titia to tba arowa 
 of Bofflaad, aod ibU in a tvofohi iiaUtioB, 
 prajring for a dlapanaatioa to marry Bliaa- 
 brth, and tha approbation of tha act of 
 Pwrliamant.(*) Tha Chair of St. Pator waa 
 at that tina flilad by Innoeant VIII.. • 
 prinoa andowad with ramarkabla taknt. 
 Tha two bulla wara aoon a«paditad. and in 
 both, Hanry'a elaims to the BaffUah orown 
 mantioQod. " Tba orowa cf Boffland law- 
 fblly balonga to Hasry. king by right of eon. 
 qoaat, king by ordar of anoea^alt^Uagby 
 tba aochMaatioa of the paopl^ Um by tba 
 vsaniBoaa aaaant and eosaf ft «f tha thraa 
 ordaro of tha aatwn.'X'*; SiOii to imiwit 
 a vqiatitioa of tha aangpainary wara oamaad 
 by tha rival clainw of tba bonaaa tA YoA 
 •wlIjUMMton Hamir. jrfeMliW to tha wiah«a 
 of tba aM« MaapQbM Ml t^MliaoMat, daairad 
 to narry tiia Priacaaa KM«^M^ tba aldaot 
 daafbtor «ad trva haiiFto of jBdward. 
 of imaiiKtal Btonoix. Innooaat. at tba 
 kiag'a nfmMt. and to aaeon tba paaoa of 
 tba yngdoan, aftar baring coj»frnad tba 
 flrat diapanaati«B, poao<mea4 tba iMoa uf 
 aoeh OMHrriiuia to ba lagitiawM, aad eapabb 
 of aacMpadjing ^air fbftar aad modtft.. 
 "In oonpt^aee with hia owa ^Urin^ tba 
 Sonniip Pontiff vD«cbaaCM to ^ootom 
 tha ■lrta^ ngtrdiag tba Uag aad tba 
 nmwtoipA of hla ehiidfon.'' JB^ririnaof 
 Ma apoatdlaal poir«f;.heordiii«d obadiaBea 
 to ba ftid to tba aair ponai^, and 
 w i ftip a ti aa j thoaa that fbirnM pntiai 
 t^ «biw. I« «ioa of 4h« VPowi i9m 
 ^mm }mm, iijlha «hiUnn 09| aornring 
 ^mm, tha MR irii^ to jpfiw to oth«r 
 QhtUiWiWafiiliPiMdk;^^ taady. 
 «ht»a|^<ml««ii||^ 
 
 Daati^ palotB aaa gaaraflaa or monaaCariaa* 
 ttd# pahi «f mtimm'^ WotaMBiinftbto 
 thoaa who aboald iiaabay th^^oly 8aa. 
 wd laftipo obMHMto j|»..th*iMta,of mc 
 laiMintibllibrttoimi^j^ 
 
 ' ThawiMjMliaiathiCottfiirtnoottM- 
 tieB,attbtBKMwwn.'.:.'.',^ -, , 
 
 ;i3m«P''lPJ(«». - zu'n>:iilr.r-BH^ 
 
 •'.s:-:a 
 
 Hanry.in amkingtbaaaappliaatkNiitotha 
 Holy 8aa, waa aridanUy guldad rathar hf 
 fcalinga of MlAabnaaa than piaty. Ha wall 
 knaw that thara waa no aarer ma^od of 
 waakeniag hia own authority than proolainH 
 ing himaair king by right of eonquwrt onfy, 
 aodofopaningthawaytorabaUion.(*) Hia 
 appeal to the Borerrign Pontiff alfbt aaan a 
 vioktion of tha atatuto of frmm mm in, wbidi 
 had ever been legardad In England ae 
 inriohita. WbatuMtterl Itwnanaceaaary 
 to abow that tha bulla bad bean aeeoadad 
 apoBtaaaooaly by Mm Ha^ latber, thoagh 
 thay contained a fHmifimk avldeaaa to 
 tba eoatrary/) b h Ittcely that lanaoMit 
 would bavo addnoad ia Hanry'a favour Aa 
 right of aaceaaaioa, tha oooaant of tha 
 nobility, the gratitado of tha poapb.aad 
 tbaaaehtnattoaa of tha aaldiarT; bad not bin 
 layal cliarM proriaaaly CMUidad hia chdata 
 dMthroaa en thoaa gravida r BatittMB 
 MaaMklly w i ra iaai j that tha nadoa ahaaU 
 bo hept hi igaornM of Hanry'a hariaf 
 ■olieiledtba boll, lb* John LaoUaad hatf 
 hiat hia erova, avaa bafgao tha 
 
 af tha atotnto of . 
 
 appaakd to tha H^ 8aa, and lUa < 
 
 alBBoawaawailNaiaaRband^iha 
 
 Bkhmond. who had apaat a giaat fotHw 
 of hk tfaaa, whik in aiik, ia 
 of]Sai«lkhhktoi7.(k) 
 
 Hamy had baM amphigrad by tha u„^ 
 MthataatraBaBtorharvaagBaneaaaafiaii 
 tyraali and dia «na by aoaaaaa townliM 
 tevavdaberlibaiator. Ti riilllUfiulL ii 
 wahafaahaadyaaaa,aaaaa<i 
 with tha hMigniaofMyally.h 
 himthahaadofBkahatlC^ 
 iPirid hava laaogakad a* ihat ... 
 BaiM ha kft hk arik. JlaHy had hboa 
 ffbHfid t* hatraih btaualf to UparM 
 dn«htar» hi atder that. afaaoU aaitoao 
 pltoai hk hmm. a ftaah Hbdihis uriittiha 
 wnilM, abd it waa aot tiB aik^ jUa 
 •naagatoaM had baon entaHil ihlai thii 
 HwMy caotoi d tha qMaA Haiaa^to, 
 Mter tha tymt'aDdb hk oghrd^^iiM 
 to twn r^riOty to tha hoptaodawat far 
 tha,pnnnotio|k«f hia oan -rirtt. fcithkw 
 •Ukj» ^ tba VotoM* ba hid aiadab aad 
 
 Mk M OafoUdnaa 
 
 akUkaakaEL. 
 (() BapiB de 
 
 SI Protadantiamo ooapaiado 
 aaa jpkdooea aa k 
 
 rM 
 
i 
 
 to IIm Mafld«M« wpawd i« hia by 
 tla Mlioa.(«) Hmrr. Uka a pnkkat 
 ■ad akllAil poiiUaUn, obteinad >a MkBow. 
 todgiaiBi fren Room of hta baraditafy 
 light to tho erawB of lofUnd. Dr. 
 Uogo f d boo protMtod ofolnb* tba ball* of 
 iMMMoot VIII., bad |dMtd tbon MMOg 
 tbooa oooortoool "uttMrdinory" ocit, for 
 wMeb ao nuoa am bo glvta. But if 
 wo Goit • ooiif fmii ovtr tho oaaola of 
 loflioh hiolurjr, from tho dooth of Bdward 
 nU to tho tnfio oad ot Biebord III. ot 
 B oowo rt b, wo And aotbiaf but ooto of 
 tnmhf, otvU war, oad tyraaay . Bichoid 
 II. owriMitiid b prima I Hoaiy VI. do. 
 poood, Oiot iato pritoa, roxoUod to tho 
 th«oaob thoa oowiori B Oto d by a priaoo of 
 dt* blood loyal i Ua aoa, Bdward Pkiaoo 
 of Wolii. dyiairoytt noio owftil daathi 
 RMMfd. lofl of GnabrMio, loaiaf bio Ufa 
 oaaiooiMdi Oooi|o» Doko of Oaronoa, 
 dtvonod !■ a bott of laafaBaloyi Bdward 
 T. aad bb bnithar BkhaMi anfboatod ia 
 dwIWa'. At ofory onusMt, th«r« appoarad 
 • Awdb aoaipii oatho atagoi iaaorroctioa 
 
 •Oioatioao pavod tho way to tbo 
 
 How. tbw, eoiild poople daeido 
 wialbw Um Bod or tbo WUto Booo wao 
 «ool to biMBo) Wbaro war tbo blood 
 oifaL wIhmi tho yoaagar aoa of tha Oubt 
 •TToAwMoaeaaod of baioff tho boatard 
 dhpriiv of a kaifbt ia tho dnha^a aanrieo t 
 wImo «■■ tho difiao right of aorotrigao 
 aohiUty aehaoiriodgod ao tboir 
 niBophowor 
 laaoeoot VIII. hava 
 whoa Hoary^potiiioaod ht 
 hbhaBof l u lfc uiaMuB f . Waahotoae* 
 haawMgothopiiaeotowhoiaall Eagbuid 
 iMlowoMfialqrI. Orwaoho,bynfbalog^ 
 th iiqiooo tfM aalioa tn Um hocron of 
 MBthir ctffl wan to bo iaatraaMotal la 
 AadAM blood, to oaaaoaiata PhrUaaaaal* 
 to prooipitalo Ao ooaatry 
 or, at koaK to woahaa tho 
 
 I of dw P^poey, wbMi, aa Votatao 
 aakaMriodgoi had kapt hiaga ia 
 p tataalid tho poopK pit aa oad to 41 
 ttUt aad, by a wiaa nodiMlMi, rawsdod 
 aoMHiaaa aad aiiMmita of naif laataaotlvo 
 Attiaa, aad aaatba awt i o a d thoao who woald 
 toot lotom to ohodicoeo. "Ttea," 
 
 "ia adfitloa to tho thno 
 
 Lira or aBNaf tik. 
 
 (a) Bapbido.Thoyn» 
 
 wbMi oraaoMBttd Hoary'a orewa, via., 
 hia daaoaat, tba blood of York, aad tba 
 riotory at Booworth, tboro waro two otbara 
 —tha ntabUaboMat of bla right by Pferila- 
 laoat, aad tho aohaowl*<^(aaMat of ila 
 Joatioa by tha BovaraigB Poatlff.(t) 
 
 Bona of tbo adriaara of tbo arowa bad 
 prodietad aa oalbvoiinMo roaalt to tbo 
 princo, aa wall aa tho ooOwOtatiga of (ba 
 eouatry, buly happily, tbagr wora falaa 
 propbotn 00 BO daogor eaa oror ariaa from 
 eooaosioa with Bono. A fcw mooiha alW 
 hia cotoBOtioB, tho kiag. acoordiag le 
 tho oaatfloi of hia poadaeaaao r a, riaitad tha 
 proriaoa% aad wao ovary wbato (oaoivad aa 
 tiM dalivaiar of tho ooaatryi tbo aUonaaa 
 BMt him at tho gatai^ tha olaigy laoaaaad 
 hlaa, aad tho baroaa, moaatod oa thair 
 flaaot ataada, Jolaod Ua aaeort,(*) whila 
 tho poopla honraad aad ahoatod. "Uaj tbo 
 Lord protoet oar Eiag Hoary I'X') aad tho 
 Mahopa. ia thair oathodral Otim, aipUaad 
 from tha palplta tho hello coaoodiag tho 
 marriago oad ooainafaif tho ahdaia of 
 Uaary to tfm tbroao. Iho ataniogo of 
 HoaiyoadBUoabothofYorhwMoJa bra tad 
 on tho Mh of Joaaary. OM, tt Waat- 
 by Owdiad Buaehkr, hfaaialf a 
 of tho Plaatif aaata. O Da 
 aigB. Probta«3 of St. Po«r% who waa 
 aa good a Latia writw ao BnaaMH. wu 
 ordorad to eooqioao tho opithohwiiim, 
 whieh b atm to bo oaaa rt tho iritiah 
 Uumam^ ladtaltaf Uo 
 Oa OigB diow aU Uo 
 pogaa mythology, 
 iad hio pogaa Baa 
 ApoOo), nd Mhw^ to oaMMrMo Ao IW- 
 dtoffofthorayalpib. AaodMr »ot|^#lo> 
 
 la a aom whkii orldaati^ gavo rioo I 
 aattoaal aathai of *'Oof lava tho T _ .. 
 Tho royal njoUagi wMob bowoM^.*^ 
 
 BlMonp of tbo 'BaiiP of Hmkp 
 
 LaiaaddaBiAtMBiteaBtoia. nr^>lilk 
 ■triaktaadVr 
 
 ivTrTaoi 
 
 IVUvaaaftho 
 
 -JtVlt 
 
 Bail«.8S8. 
 
 (() BM. Ban. «. BM 
 (C) "OodaavaKanHa a riawbawaifvml 
 Aai Ibt QaaOa BIWAOlh BOW May wa^ 
 
 Ood aofo tho Ohanh of^briat ftwaaaqr WHCV 
 Aad ibr Qama BUsabatb aoor way Hw.^^iNMK' 
 
 t 
 
 ^\- 
 
 Ju 
 
Rcnry't «i«wa, vis., 
 od of York, and th« 
 tb«ra wtra two oUmh 
 of hli right bj Pkrlin- 
 ■owltd||«aMil of iia 
 inn l>oiitUr.(») 
 Mft of tho «rowa had 
 mmUo nralt to tbo 
 M OoaatUatioa of th« 
 ilf, tiMgr wti« itiM 
 ^ can OTtr aria* fkom 
 I. A fnrnomha alW 
 I kiag, MOOvdiBf 10 
 «d«eMMri, vtoltad tho 
 w]r WiMfo MaaiTM m 
 tomtrjri HuMnmm 
 %tha oMljr iMaiuad 
 M, mowMad oa tliair 
 I hfai •acort.C*) wUla 
 ad ahontod," Martha 
 i|tHoai7t'X')aiHltiM 
 kadral chtaa. amUaad 
 ■ bans eoMadiim tha 
 inaian tlM aUaio of 
 M. Hm Manhfa of 
 of I oMi wM nhwaiad 
 ivatr. l4Mk lA Waal* 
 il ButMbkr, MiMolf • 
 
 Oofjiw«thatti|.«^ 
 
 I WMVi OOHOVi^'WMl 
 
 iyaftte«ai«iafHifll9 
 
 I'a Una af tko liaoMa 
 
 Ml 
 
 M. 
 
 Sf^SETftUaii^MH'^ 
 both wamjm i*W.4*^JK' 
 (M|l>at^«9i^^||i 
 
 uva or HMit vui 
 
 10 bo daopad. Tha labaMtaata of York- 
 thlrv, fatthful to ihair lata aovavolRn, took 
 up anaa againat Hanry, bat -vara dafoatad. 
 Two brotbora, of tha naoia of Stafford, on 
 the diaparakm of tha inanrganta. took rafugo 
 In tba cbarch of Colnbara. naar Abia^dos, 
 whora ihof imagioad thaoaalvaa aeoora 
 ■gainat thair purauara, aa at ibat pariod » 
 ohnrob waa a plaoa of inviolabb raAiga to 
 erarx erininal. bo mattar what bia orima. 
 
 , owing to a anparatitiooa baliaf. that a pur- 
 niraat of Juatlea. If ha atlaaptad to arraat 
 tba erimiiial within tha aaarad prtdnta. 
 would ba ehaatiaad hj tha hand of Almighty 
 Qod. Tha Icadar, bowarar, of tha royd 
 dataohmant, ragvdiaaa of tha avparatition, 
 aaiaad tha rafbgaaa, and tha oldaat of tha 
 bralhara, Hmnphray, waa aiaentad at 
 T>bam aa • tralt«r.(*) Tha ownka eon* 
 phdnad. and tba papaejr, ooantananaad kf 
 tha iniiatton of tha paopla. iatarcadad, 
 and Hkm pot aa and to eirenaaatMMaa whiah 
 nright hava e o aa pw iaa d tha paaea of aonia 
 of tha eoantiaa. Tba il<dj Pathar fnthar 
 moAlad by a boll tha inunaoitiaa which 
 tha Church had bitharto ai^ofad. Tba 
 oolpiit whok during tha nigh^ laft hia 
 phea of rafi^(a, to eomnit a fraah erima. 
 waa daekrad lakpaad bf Am Holy baa, 
 and conld aol again aaak n aanetnaryi 
 natthar oooM tha Jabtor in fMoia, •■dor 
 tha prolaetion of tha dtaar which ahialdad 
 hia from tiM pnraoiu of hki oaditoia, 
 racUaa thai aaeorily fbr hia gooda which 
 tha right of ahalear aibrdad to hia parara. 
 NaidMr. hi An. waid Urn Mam neevaadaf 
 hi^ traaioa aaeqia tho aw en t toa ar'a aaa 
 bgr eonoadtag liliMilf la ■ ohwwh, la* tha 
 aoWaniapwaoilof Uai wan haaoafitth lo 
 ba aapowmd to paaaMM tiia maetnuft 
 nMaaia tfMi«in.Mid watefa bin night aad 
 day to pNMBt Wa aoaipo^ ) 
 
 Tha dafcat of tha in«aiiaBi» fai Yorii- 
 Mm,i^ mU llmtt*t riM tm M %, Urn tdaHty 
 of tin elat0. «h« IMaaiiih^ of tha 8of«K 
 taiga r^at^aad t h a ■ate a hto d iapai itl a a i 
 of Aa Mbtiaantal povacai vara to' Hanry 
 aa mimf aaawraneaa of bopa iad aaa aiHy ; 
 Ua. 4|aaity. moraofar, wwiUi not ba ei- 
 tiagoiahad. a* Qod had jaat gtvaa hin a 
 
 ^ffm, Tha child «m aaDad Ankar, aftw 
 
 '^r^^dift^ 
 
 ^\^ 
 
 that glorlona King of WalM. fVum whoa 
 tba Tudora praUndad to ba daaoandad. 
 Bliaabath'a Joy waa yot greatar than bar 
 bnaband'a i alia aaporintendad all tho 
 arraagamanu for bar infant aon'a baptiam i 
 In Ibct, avary thing waa oarriad oat andar 
 bar annraiUanoa. But while alia wu watch- 
 ing with a motbar'a Joy oror tha eradia of 
 bar firatborn, a prieat daUrminad to raiaa 
 «p a yat mora dangaroua okimant to tbo 
 crown of England than any Hanry had 
 hitherto aneountarad. Thia prieat'a namo 
 waa lUobard Simon, of whom it waa aald 
 that to tha boidnaaaof a Walah paaaaat,h« 
 uoitad tha Jbu$m of a city nMrafeaat. To 
 act tha part of » pialandar. SioMn had caal 
 hia ayaa oa oaa Laoabart Sinaal, tha aoa 
 of a bakar, but wortliy of a erowa, if aach 
 wara tha raward of a taaly proportionad 
 tgora. Simon waa iBd«'i>t'c*l>la in ia- 
 atroding hia pupil Simtel, who waa to 
 lapiaaant Richard, Doha of York. aa«oa4 
 aoa of Bdward IV.. aafbcatad, aa wa hava 
 caaa, ia tiM Towar, but who waa aald to 
 ha*o aaeapad tha oroal daath daaigoad fov 
 him by bia onela, and having boan for aoaaa- 
 tima liTiag in eonoaalmant ia Bagtaad, 
 now pat fbrth hia ciain to tba jDrown.(«J 
 Bat Simtn; changad hia plaa oa haaring 
 tha paopla apaak ia myatarioaa tanaa of tha 
 aaaapa of tha Bari of Warwi4i,a9d MMtd- 
 
 faHily iaalraoud hia V>m^m!^ **^ 
 ehaiactar. Tha priaalb lWii||||(^:ira». 
 laportad, waa bat aa iaatroBMat ttt dto 
 haadaof tha QaaaaDowagar.bak tha plot 
 
 (•) SoM ftfw hiitartwa lite-aadaamatad 
 
 to acaoit Richard af tha nmnhr of Maaaphawiw 
 batdMi* aiganMnta hava baaa aUy Mtatad ^ 
 HaawaadLtaiard. Mcicem, In 18^41^ 
 aoBM laboarna wara mSuI^ U imMMli 
 ccctak balWagi attachSTio f 
 baaaa aftwaTdMMr 
 
 tho Towar, tta 
 
 to St Joha'a GhaaaL ¥o ckluroeildliM 
 aatvitha violMitlaadi ia tha TviNa. ttakM 
 thay WW* «f N»^ daacaat, aadaatodmaiMtoa 
 waMfeoadon inivvaryqwtMMiVadJwmfPV 
 Baaaa. aad atbcr writing W Sva baaa tha 
 SaaTi^baiotha inlhatpfMi^ baaaVMa^ 
 Oteriaa II.. anwaiag thaWlHiaa to ba dMia 
 M i prn t m da ia Wb a m to ba fauniarad ht Hayi 
 VIL'a Obapri, at Wcatminalar. aaar (wo fcib- 
 ocaamor tha blood loyal. Maty aad ■ophia, 
 dangktaia of Juaaa l, aad had araet^ a 
 haHMM maM a ia a m a ef yhilwaMMa tatl|ri» 
 oMmoiT. MhMilo IM^hM to ih».aMp) aC 
 Riahaiiui.,byr 
 
 DMM 
 
 ,:im 
 
i 
 
 um or ■■NRv nil 
 
 oiwl b* Mon«r or kur anmaakwli tiM 
 
 Cwo, kowvrar, inaniMtl thsl lhl« WM 
 Mlly ■•■■• wh«r«by •!>• aottld Rain 
 iMr Ubtrty (•) Irtbod wm Mkwttd m tlM 
 •mr* an wMeh lb* •drantttnr wM to toati* 
 kia Irat tt|i|N«niaM| ibr.tiM Irish wm« 
 •on to iMtiv* with opM inH Mm mm of 
 tlwtr JbrtMT viearoj, Um Oak* of CAumuh^ 
 whoM mmmvrj thoy attU juoUj mmtMd, 
 Tko nofifiMir of ^ hkiMl, or, m ho wm 
 ■lylod, «ho Lord UootiaMU, Iho lori of 
 KikhMb hia brolbir ^ ChMMrilor, Mr 
 ThoMM Ibaiiwtld wU Iho | i M li f p«l 
 4 Hm «flnnt w«n wtart YwUtu, tad 
 Mmut fMHlMod » fiwi Mm oa W» 
 MMMlwii'hi Ml do fri t i n thm of 
 «■«••. Oh iw hByooiort 
 KlIiRNMithofaM Mbl% 
 Ml ttMir a U m dg^ami took Iho Mlk of 
 ilkgh«w.<») TtmWk ilmtrtdtmiiA 
 
 yMNMI|MMMim IM flOMymVJ I W|0 MHOfW 
 
 if QmAmI^ Tomi. Cloffhir. mA Oimv^ 
 
 wWmM tVM IsMMHt *btMwr fho 4oiMiai 
 4rm tiN Ml Iwl of W wwr l afct 
 MMH «» Ihoir oMli of lOfiilaPk i» 
 
 M.fMteffM 
 
 of «htk|i«^ 
 I hdlll««lb«M 
 
 Jif limiiMM 4f thodMflTi •!» kwv* 
 
 jy^^^^^^iL^^^'^^^l^ ^^ '^ttfltt k^^ al^ 
 INi^HNv MWNi wl^BWi'^^^ ■^PV ^^^B t^W 
 
 Kpif^Miilit #w# iiiiteid t Wtlwnt 
 ta^iMi to** istoiM «|oIm1h of DM»o 
 
 Ulliiiliiiiliit' k*«M^lflli-^of-«fMlMi i»> 
 mirth immI *«■ Imro Ud doum by 
 
 ■■' wiwiwiM^^3|f' ■■■wn^^^R'^iW' ipw wtW 
 ! toir bM Mw n t n m kntHf ti 
 
 ^^^^^^, ^^ . ^^^1^^^* ^^^^^^^ flH^d^B 
 
 • ■ "- hi«%ti«MMrorthi 
 
 lilli M^ikfi^ tho OoMB DMMipr wm 
 cf ^a^ hMT MttaMnBaaaflaaotod^) 
 
 
 ^^ 
 
 Tbo pM|tio won Ml la Iht tligblMl doffw 
 olhoiad «l tw4oK Ibla wmmo, whoM haoil 
 WM tdU aoiiHioff tnm iho iwaoMljr dtoih 
 of bor ohUdNa. dn«Rod. Uko « MliBkAi. &9 
 piiooa. Hwiry wm» bowofor, bold oaouffh 
 to M ia n ^k» ft oiM DowMfw of bovlaf 
 boM gai^y of oUewllafl hot d^ituhtar wd 
 bar aMiro to tMMia la tbo powor of 
 ■Itbaid UK iiUt bovlag bMrolb«l iho 
 temr to lb* lori of iUbaoad I M If tkto 
 •01. bad H bMi a adtoo, bidl aoi bow 
 laoladcd ta tba g ian a l w a a oo l y pro* 
 ■bdand b« tba iMqaorM aA« tbo baiilo 
 ofBi«*to«b. WbttilbaQ«Mi> 1^ 
 
 WM ra bar aif to plmw *J>t Svl of 
 Waiadib ««i hriiM htm tba1Ww«NMd 
 
 ^^•^^IkMMh 1^ ali^M of l^i^aaM 
 IvMlfc PhalS pad iipiud ta Ha pi 
 oflhapNilt. Tbo 
 
 is Mdor UMiha aaMUtf oadihMawba 
 
 ol iiiiiwlai wHb IIm piteMMr|(^ m 
 
 to MiM^ Nw naHa aff a MWitph^'Via 
 ^guftA^^immAM^ hMM lawv^ hiwi to dooih^ 
 
 Oa >arti» WiHwlnHif, tba |aalhfh| 
 
 ^H^M^^V iVnB ^^Pw M^v ■ W(r ^^^ VV^^V ^^^ ^^1 . ^^^* 
 ^^A^^^^^yA W^ |m^m^Ih iMMii^ua SflttlMk AMAihp ft^Ub 
 
 "^^wi '^i^^w^'fc i^w^^^^'t ^^w^ ^w^^^ ^^w^" 
 
 I ^B. bA.WMvttk. teaiiad k 
 
 wp^ #^1% ^^iP" mpp ^iB ••^^^•■{••♦^p 
 
 Vv Mtiblihio aaa Ahal aaMadod to ■• 
 
 ttal af Uapphii mh if Iwa (la Ih Jlpi% 
 Dttka af MMk. aai IMMk aMM 
 
 
 ft! 
 
 (i> Mh#aB 
 (tiWHdNibJ^ .^ 
 
 I •• SWwWMI • w<^^ 
 
la llM tliflilMl ( 
 
 ll«i, IUm « sHaiiMl, i» 
 , iMwavwr, hM mmhuIi 
 m P o iWM i w of luivlaf 
 »!>■# kit <ki)||litar ud 
 •!• la Um |w n f of 
 
 STSTr 
 
 
 r 
 
 I tf a Mmplsi' «!• 
 
 MM ImhImmA ^vMi 
 kaaa inii tMntfte 
 
 
 Uu !nt iOBMllilv 
 
 ^ ly^^^^^ 
 
 HMBi ft aawHa iv^ 
 
 # 
 
 r 
 
 une Of mwnr nn. 
 
 •Mw af Edward IV^ dadand hj Richard 
 
 ill. u Mr prMonpUTa to th« rrowa, 
 
 ■nnouiMcd hlouvlf u on* of Bimnol's par* 
 
 tiiaai.(*) Ha had kft London by aigbt 
 
 fbr hia auat. tha DuehMO of BurRundf'a, 
 
 oourt, and having rccoivad froai bar an 
 
 army of 2-000 atUrant, uador tha eomaMod 
 
 of Mwltn Behararti, ha Milad (or Inland. 
 
 Mid laadad tn Dublin (4 A few dayt aftar, 
 
 Simaal waa carrlad from tha ebanih to tba 
 
 eaatla oa tha ahouldart of a aaptaia, ao> 
 
 oordinn to tha Iriah onatom, walad on a 
 
 valvat throaa, inraaud wkli tba inaignia of 
 
 royalty, aad on hia brow waa plaoad a tkra, 
 
 takan fro« a aUtoo of our Bl aaaad Lady 
 
 ia tba eathodial. haUad aa Bdwaid VI.. 
 
 King of Bailaad aad Praaaa, and Lord of 
 
 Irttaad. ■iaoa and KOdara kkaad tha 
 
 haad of a bakai'a aon aa tbair tto|a )ofd.(*) 
 
 Haory praparad to laaiat tba rabola, and 
 
 wt r aa t ad tba oomownd of hia troopa to 
 
 tbaDukaof Badfbad and tba Bari of Ov. 
 
 ford, wblla ba Maiaalf mada a pilgriaMfa to 
 
 tba abrlaa of oar Lady of WalaiBKhani.(') 
 
 On tba 4Mi of iana. 14S7. Laaibort lioiaal. 
 
 Uaeoln, and Bahwarla, hNndad at Faudray, 
 
 la LaneaaUra. Tha iaawRaata bad boaa 
 
 hv^fad with Mia bopa that tba aortbara 
 
 eoaatka wotdd Joia tbair alandvd, but, 
 
 raotialnvd by tha jitioalbood, aol a aoul 
 
 i«iMdtb«ik(n TbadiadpHMaftbaaayal 
 
 mmf «aa adaiitUa i tm ordat fraaa tba 
 
 aoaiaadara lB(rba«.*% irndar pahi a# laaiaat 
 
 daaA piBRgak robbarf . «* any otbar act of 
 
 vbiliiiatif) aad tbraalaaad all fiaatitatoa 
 
 aad vagabooda wHb iiap ibwB MB t , ahoold 
 
 tbaf iwilat la fallvwiaff tha amy. fhe 
 
 abraakla, haartMr, aalM aa mantlaa of 
 
 aay paaoa bariaf aafbrad a a yl ia l pooialH' 
 
 naat, batatMaa thai tba priaaaa at Latocatar 
 
 aad Laa gbb or w ig b waia BRad with arilitaiy 
 
 dalpfMBta.(ff} LfaMda,tbalaadarorUMra« 
 
 m Lalaad. IV.. 300. 
 
 (••> LtagMd.— HaaM. 
 
 f f ) Liaiard. 
 
 (A) Hnma. 
 
 m Haaia, 
 
 ^ It Ib r bad aay to rah eharehaa, or faidlvi- 
 daaK •• to aml aa i aay oaa, ot to tafca prori* 
 liana witboat paying Ibr them, on pain of 
 daati I m to Mga thamaelvaa, bat aa tha 
 kng'a oflaandiraotad. er to bmIw aay foaRoi, 
 or ta laneda dia briagiaa of •npUta t^ tba 
 
 bala, datmaiaadta try tbafataof biajn^^ 
 
 by an appaal to arma, whioh waa laaiantly 
 
 aoaoptad by tba royaliata. Tha vanguard of 
 
 tha royal army waa attaekod at Sloka, oa 
 
 loth of JuBO < tha aotioa waa abort, but 
 
 bloody. Tha Oarman vataraaa fought 
 
 admirably, tha Iriah alao diatiaguMMd 
 
 thamaalraa in tba uaa of tha |ar«lia and 
 
 abort award, but tha royal earalry did wo*i 
 
 dan. ao that, aftar a hm boura' aavara 
 
 Igbtiag. 4,000 rabala wara laft oa tba 
 
 flold.(k) Tha Barl af Uaaola, Lord Tho. 
 
 maa Fhigarald, Sfar Tbooma Broagbtoa, 
 
 Martin Bobwarta. aad Lard Manriea ^o- 
 
 g«rald, wara fbuad aaiaag tha alain. Loral 
 
 aaaapad, and Bad to bia aaat, Minatar LovalU 
 
 in Oiiordtbirab wara hia laauiaa wara dia« 
 
 cevatad, two aantorlaa aftar, in a aabianar 
 
 aaooa abamhar, aa ai ad aa a /kitlmilt bl» 
 
 haad raollning oa a ubla, aad praaaatinf 
 
 tba aigna afona who bad cttidaf atanratiaa. 
 
 Bimaal aad BiaMM wara takaa ptiaoaarabf 
 
 Sir Bobart BdUagbaai tbair luta amr 
 
 diBb i aa t i tha pvieat, triad by a ayaod, aoa> 
 
 faaaad bia erkiM, aad waa eoadaaaad ta 
 
 daplora bia troaaan in ateraal datkaaaa i^) 
 
 wbUA "Idward VI., King of Bagland 
 
 and tnttif;" awrtbiar of eoataaipt thM' 
 
 angav, waa pardonad aad aiapia^ aa a 
 
 aoaUion iatbaroyai hitrbaa, and aftarwnrda 
 
 raiaad to dm rank of Maoaar ia tka kiag'a 
 
 auita.(J) Aftar tha aagi^taaatit at Btolnv 
 
 tha blag laft for liaoohi, wbaia far tbraa 
 
 dqra tba Adarabia Viatim waa oflnad «p la 
 
 ^aakagiving i tha ahiiaa ot Out Lady at 
 
 Walaiogbam waa byao amaaa fargottaa, 
 
 Bor tba viait Uaary had madi to that eala- 
 
 bratad aanatoary i for tba baaaav aaniad by 
 
 tiK BogHah ;;.nBy iU; day waa I^ oa M»i 
 
 altar of tha Vliula at Wabiagbaai.,^) 
 
 Tha coaqnerov bad to abaoaa fcilaaaa 
 thaproporty aad Uvaa of ^ia aaaiaiaa ; tha 
 lattaa woaM aot lU Ua foflkn^ wbaroa;« if 
 ha wniaeatad tbair paoparty ha woidd m 
 biaudf aavi^ed t tha Farliaaaaat, BMrcavar^ 
 araa not baaiiward in taatifying tbair leyaltf 
 to tba aovaraign, by voting him a aidiaidr 
 to pay tha aapauaa <^ tha Iriah fampaigi^ 
 aad paaaing a HU of Praaeiiptioa agafaml 
 
 (k) Lin«>rd. I. e., t U.. f. US. 
 (i) Po^doia VtagiL ^ 
 
 [8 
 
 lUd. 
 
 ,.'ili 
 
10 
 
 Ura Off NtllBI Till 
 
 all tiMM wAm, kaivtav puf ty, had Jotaad 
 Ik* mM ttandard. (•) Tha Inaunicala 
 o«||tit lu hura baM triad by Iba ordinary 
 mttKtt of Juatlea, bat M Iba Imt woald kill 
 •r aaqalt, and aa aaab a daotaioa aa Ibal 
 Wia« contrary to lb« ktaff'a wtab, ba aai»> 
 ■aailad iba priaoaar* to ba tnad by a aovlk* 
 mutMi 9«at9Bee was ia)«M4ia*«!y pro* 
 ■oaaaad, and iba eoadaaiMd praaarrad 
 livoo by tba loaa of thair preparty, 
 ■Mwaaur, •• laaving prWbo, 
 to land Iba royal a l a a ia i wy la 
 labkHl away tbalr a aaaa of IM«f, aad yrl 
 lawrfam tbaai ayaa to «oap aad haada to 
 kaf.(^) Tho poou aOatlMd to Haory'e 
 dhMlagaiakod U iiw i aa l raa oa ibia oo- 
 by a aarvUa oaibaaiaMa la tbalr 
 f9 awvlNi Baraard Aadrd aad Do 
 QIgH aaartod iboaHahraa la iavoatt^ toiaM 
 tipnkm aal o ah to d to laiato Hoaty'a ptida, 
 wUb gold. It had 
 , profftoaa to Iho baMla 
 ll ttahi, tfMfl tba royal araiy bad booa do- 
 li tkaporaoMwIto had oimhriod Om 
 itoladfbr « aabauoMy** t»> 
 lift amr «iaM,pruTkM Iw 
 by aa tlllM»aMB darlan tho nina of tho 
 "•iwMmIhI lyiMM" Biahard III, tMlMa 
 jborronr ■■*• Hwiry awn tbaa a toa r^ 
 gaMl tha — aa te b. oa bainff polHi' dod 
 
 Slha dtHafaaala, loiaatod, on e^i^ndltkn 
 Ihfhr payiaii a iaa. B^ ' ^^oor 
 
 wm* taiad to aatWy Hn^t c. 
 tfw paar ho took lOd., fraaa li. 
 moijf!^ Thfl Parikuaoal «m i< 
 •a dw royal wiUi aadi waa tho it 
 
 I al «hia pMlod, that tho kUff omim. 
 vMato tba aamod rijfbto of 
 Thooo ooaAiMttoao bad tho aihcl 
 of fa»pd«idbUa|| tho aobiUtF whaai Haaix 
 Til. doriHHi tovoakaa, and who* bla laa, 
 Bwwy VIIL, aadaavaurod to haatbloaad 
 rate. Tho kiag teHglaad thai bo woaid. 
 1^ dwaaaillng tha abriitton of "aaial*- 
 aaaWb*' be daaUan a aovan bloir oa tho 
 Baifllok afiatooiaey. " Maiataaaaco** van 
 m aoaoaiatloa of iadivMaala andar alaadar. 
 Uvovy tbijr wora, and aboai thoy 
 ooapolbd bf oath tlaapiMM bi aft 
 
 ^)Bot.P»rf. ▼L.p.aiMOII. 
 
 s 
 
 prirato qoaitoUb aad thai iba }ary 
 imiaiiiiawd, trioM al)o«ad to §u uapa- 
 niabad, and aooUiy altraya dMurWl. la 
 aaao of dvU «rar bnalilag out, a barua waa 
 at Ubtrty to arm bia vaaaala agalnat iiia 
 aiiraraica, and ibua favour ika prttaaaioa* 
 «f aay aapiraat to tba tbrona. ■arollad 
 in tba aarvloa of a pownrfbl baron, Ihaaa 
 vaaaala woro aot anUbo tho Oonaan laai 
 y«M#(«, arbo aald tbalr aarvMM to tba Ant 
 camar, fuughk for bla, aad. If la^oind, 
 araa parjarod tbanMolvao lu a cwart of 
 JvaUea oa bia bahalf (') PkrUaoMni aa^ 
 eordlnfly autboriaod(*) tho Lord Cl|an> 
 eallor, Um IVaoaarar. ibo Koapar of tba 
 Pirivy Boat, or aay two of thom aoaktod by 
 a Mabop, a toapoial paar, or aao of Itka 
 ytigm of tha Klag'a Baach or 
 
 aooaaao or iaiial coatoattoaoi 
 
 barooartwn of raaaboadit aMwdiwr% Woai^ 
 
 or oatkara. It lu t h e r aathoflaad thtai la 
 
 paalah thaa Ui tho mmm mmsmmWmtj 
 bad booa ooariatod by tho ardiaaiy aoartC ) 
 Sarilh aqF«lbattUiairi««ofarirwa bi«ah« 
 iaf «p tho pavar ol a targa body of ^yraaUk 
 
 af 
 
 aadnaatry, who^ whaaala 
 tho ruyal oyo, IbagiM aoMi 
 Md oboyad ao oihor bar thaa thai of phyakal 
 
 oiaMod MlniaidloaatiftaMiLliriHMlv 
 {r*iiaat of f^THMif NOKi anMN 
 aal||ati la tba 
 
 «f 
 
 thatr oA<% aad arboai thty 
 
 flftWi 
 
 lor Bttfflaad. 
 
 allovod bonwif to boooaM a pa^r lii 
 
 >i tbao dy God doaUy 
 that aoithar know bow to 
 aor oMlntate bor rigblo. 
 It k oartate that, at tho ooaOMMiHHm 
 to oidy graalad tho oawt|H(b> 
 
 («) Llaaard tVwaar-Hawi MitjIitM^. 
 (a) RokPatL MaartelVlI. Ut 
 (f) Ltaftid. 
 (fSTbaaMaaiitydo] 
 
 •mm 
 
ura 09 ■■«■? nil 
 
 r aii^iijri diMurWi. In 
 ■alikiifl oat, » fe«M« WW 
 bia vMMlt Ho^ntl ii>« 
 I fsvouf tiM prftnaiott* 
 ) the throM. laroikNl 
 
 k ptMMffM huOB, tiMM 
 
 inlilM Um Qmmmn Lmu- 
 
 ;Mr MTvtcM la lk« Im 
 
 Uoi, ■ad. If n^uiiMl, 
 
 ibmIvm in « •Murt of 
 
 MOfC) PtoUMMOl M. 
 
 •dn tiM Lrwtl Otm' 
 Mr, iIm K w pt r of th« 
 two ol tboai MoMod bf 
 ••1 poor, or MO of Um 
 n't BoMk • 
 bofonUMoioBi 
 
 Ihor tuiboftwd iImiiIc 
 
 «M Mul k^ClMNMl^ttlitVM 
 
 By tsoovsuMwy owhi^C j 
 I mA «M f w Afwa Inoiu 
 fatoigo bo^ ol^rtMHi 
 •f il« MoMMv 
 
 M0(' 
 
 P«t^ 
 
 Pi" 
 Milktjr 
 
 «f 
 
 M 9i|i with iiratipHk 
 lu nmt kynf m4i»- 
 Im «oal4 tkmnk^mlitf 
 Sod doaUy dlMliw • 
 ' know howl* 
 ghto. 
 
 MthooOMMI 
 
 Mr- Bo 
 loBtelVll. m£k 
 
 Ida 
 
 r- 
 
 dUtiM ovortiM 
 ■I loat ko powoc oato«4l»d lo Um t up ufiMJ im 
 of ovory iih«| ood it j ofc oa rojroltjr.C*) 
 ThU covrt. u drol ealkd iIm loyal CowmU. 
 »■■ aftorwarda bouor baowa by ihol of 
 Um "Siar Cbaiabor," ao daa^aalid from 
 iha doooralioa of tb« boll ta wbWb it bald 
 ha aitUairi^*) Tbia waoaota wow MBia,ao 
 «a iad it MMailnnad in aoia aalariov to Iho 
 UnM of Haary Vli.. bat it hod aol boaa 
 till MOW aapaaially apidiad to aay oao ooart 
 of ivdkatmn. Wa ahaU abovUy aoa Uiia 
 eoart baa oBM aa iaatntOMBt of graot onMlly 
 and t pp w aaioa ia Um kaada of Haary 
 VIII.(«) 
 
 Tbo Uag hod ooiiairwd tho rapataUoa of 
 Mof oloirar oad pr iaya wa a aMoarab. 
 Rakoaod flrooi oU fbar inpiiilat Iralaod. 
 ho n wai d Ma a ii a it aa to tho oooUaaai. 
 Tha loropon atatao von ihaa feat a4- 
 nuMi«|| tAoFardo tiMl p al M ial g r ao t aaia to 
 »ki«h Omt aftarv«f4a ilHiaii(<) Spaia 
 bad Jaot rooaood Otaaaia ftMB Um If ooro. 
 aad. pw«d of hat c ii a q aaot. aad poriMpo 
 yat OMTo of UM Mnimoof for^awH with 
 laaboSk whkh oattad AniNaavtehOMilo 
 •boloocod farafcorifawar. MaiiaiiliMi 
 I, Kim of Um loMMaaw Ma of Um bapaaor 
 Pndrriok, had aofoiMd a Ufbl ovotUm 
 NaUMrhMrfo by Uo aOhMo vHh iha Hooao 
 afB wg a a d y . rroMW had. daaiair Um loal 
 
 iftyyoMa. ahtaiaad p Ina of UMpoai 
 
 •f Wo M Oiiiiy. ChaaipaffBik A^iaa, 
 
 Pl M raa t% aad ior* 
 
 Hhaly to 
 
 powan anolKii 
 
 tho Mk ifiadv •* iritiaagr. 
 TiM iilMialiliiilia of tUo i^oal iaf had 
 
 mHoNaai. 
 
 (n "ThayaitlraaiBhMo^olodkimdovaa. 
 
 iamatlwoooBii 
 adOanbiaaf Wi 
 
 II 
 
 baoa giooa by frMcIo II. to hla koMwiMi 
 Laadola. a man of low paraoiogo t Um 
 aobiiity, ladigaaiH at Iba iaaalt ihaa ofhvod 
 Ibam, rooo ia • body ag^a.^t tbo f!iroarll% 
 vbo wao, ta tuaaaqiianea. lad to ibo aoaf^ 
 fold, and Praoca, undar tha apocioop 
 pratoal of toklag oara of ibo pra>viao% 
 raaolrad lo aaaka It Imv ova. 
 
 At tha a o m m a oca oMat of tha apainp of 
 IM7. Choriaa VIM., irbo bad 
 Iba ibroaa of Pmneo la UM, 
 
 obeai oigbiaaa, iaradad Brtiaaay 
 foar difaront qooriora. Tbo ooa* 
 ■taraaUoa of Um aoort of Rnwato II. 
 waa ao graot, ihol aoaa ihoof bt of ( 
 tha fraaah, aad, eoaaa q aa a Uy. 
 PMfiMl, AaoarH aad oihor towao, M 
 into tho haado of iha iavadan. Fmaoio 
 II. dlad oa 9Ui of Soptomhor. m 
 to tho iparo by hia 
 whmoa CiMfao 
 
 Um doohy. owl hoaUHUoo 
 
 Haary mm I wiat f a wf ^*) Iwghadhidi 
 taaio4 tho hi ipiaiia t a of Brtaaaj 
 happily fcr Charlaa, Hoary «fw 
 
 of gaU thoa of gtory. Vmim 
 of aoppoatiag bio oOy, ho to* 
 oolrod to oitort aoaoy f^om tho 
 Hid oocerAagly. ooafoUag tha 1 
 at W iilMliii i ii, ho ohtaiaod a iridii of 
 twaihfllhy iathopo— a. Tbiolaaaw 
 fUaUy l al ai lHi d to ovaqr ^km, aaaa \m 
 Md Tarh. arhon tho TmhiMa 
 
 taoh q»aMHM4 pal Iho 
 I aad thai, arpa^ •■ by 
 hyKrJ. 
 
 T-^-. 
 
 nrvt ^ muamvtmmiiii im ^mt 
 
It 
 
 UM «* 
 
 VW. 
 
 „ cl Hmn^ Mil l«|«MaMi 
 
 , ,. Om DmImm at lkwB«^f.(«) 
 
 Umir, Ml iMnriNg fM Lam*-, «rdM<Ml 
 
 Ml fefa A iMgss agiisst 
 
 ■•Mf MM* la lito mAwi. 
 
 itft It Altkmmli Um vwUm l«r*- 
 
 ts4wvwMw4 to mmIi 
 
 OtertM Vlll.tai kit > wli W n «i «•«•». •««« 
 •N WW* Mlwiti kf iIm MM trlM, MmI. 
 
 hmMm I^ Um af Um Immm. vte. 
 Ifcwuli — M«wrily tp M J Wf •< <*w wMtli 
 
 yiWwv of kki fcMlUr. Md iMflag. wtoh 
 llMkM4 oTiUM.** oMta Mm dM^ •! 
 IrlMa^. VMimmmI Um GMMb wm 
 
 ■HAMbif « lUhlNl, im4 WM MMlMMMWiaC. 
 wMmM mmmMh > fanUaf. *• f"**!^ 
 
 ■ ■■ lai iiB . ■ W i l l !■ hill f ^'ir' '--^r^ 
 
 MWMM I vkO* HMTf. 0* hit iM*. pfwdbtd 
 I* lavf M tmy of 1<MX» mm. If «Im 
 I wmM (Mhqr iIm twpMM flItiM 
 Md ilM Un Mr* 
 
 aAMMMMbO 
 
 fte Im| if A«M. DMhM of MMMqr. 
 r I* Mm tlMl woald MmI Um 
 HwmImnvm* 
 llw MMwiM 4* 
 
 i ti l i p mU Um <lahM rf ito Wtkt fmm 
 
 thaimH,whim UmOmviBw dcMMlMkw 
 ill iMiiiiil to «^lHiM. M fk« pha 
 a pt ia M www) Im 
 ■^i^M IkaalMBk at 
 »i mm m wtmmlk It, Mm* hia 
 
 ^• 
 
 Mki a w a wM at i ly. tha Mbm «f Onai^ 
 «iUM M pNKjr IM Um wapwa r . 
 4pM la April, l«tl. vhM ikt 
 <M UUt of Jlairn ti Um Imi 
 AlbM^ aM af NfMfl*, driivafad Mmim «a 
 tbf fkMiek.(*) Thte MMilNP aaaldkava 
 «»wdtefl]r MlarlalM ta fkraaM. fct 
 
 •1.1 
 
 Um kl^d'ai TImm wm kal tM waf al 
 
 wKta^UrtaTai Um* waa. Um Maalllac 
 ml a amrfkc* wlikii liai aM yal hMa #•». 
 
 toOMrlM. BaiUMlh«aihkiat«aiki«- 
 aUf ifflinnl te !iaf«»«4, NmUMs-'s 
 TW f9Mti^ lo M wawaMli tiM 
 iMd bMa bM««lU la Kfta. 
 wIhn Um Iwd Mm fat Mv«al ymn 
 M QaiM af FnMM. Haw. 
 
 wMtk ad«lil w M t a Uly pMta al ffiMl 
 aUMy la PHmMi m MwpgMal, M Imt 
 
 af UMMaawalB f a i yl 
 
 ajMalUMlHliilMha 
 latkaafawa af 
 
 dl M Iha 
 
 TatUwM 
 
 la Ihtwafi twa 
 «a W 
 
 OkMlM^ 
 
 MaikalliM aaald ka «mUp 
 Mtokad 
 
 «f hm 
 
 WM IM yMMg •• nUi^ l^wpMi af ihaM» 
 
 ika Ua <fcal ka— d fcwia Mi a t w i i M. t» 
 kaw Mwld aka BMUk^ iaNfl Ite iMrf if 
 aM wkaa U» iMi kna lM#i l» npid 
 
 ailkaartlMrati 
 
 acUat««4»tdvlMafMa 
 
 M (ki k«d af a paw«M amy 
 
 Hdagiiar tk' 4mm 
 U arir M w Uaid ^ f^ Imt 
 
 af Ui wifck ••% af aMW% •• ^^ 
 
 mmm i^a iaag i ia H maMilMffM 
 
 to Okailia m imtn* • mmI Mm ki 
 
 
 (*) PttlyiUnTiii^ 
 Raate da TkMna> 
 I BoCFmI— »yar.- ,L lm i i.-a» 
 
 MtiiU afOcfi^Eikar. i«9I.MtaiNriiif* 
 thm «^ iNi P<iMia Mliy iMa 'nik, 
 mUm1b» iBikiinilmili—iiiai aliha 
 
 ^r*M> 
 
I 
 
 raa kal MM Wf tt 
 
 Imm for M*«»l y«w« 
 MM •! PnMM. Hmt, 
 
 wtrnttif fMM •! ffMl 
 
 mWh b IhCMfl MM 
 
 Mf«M to W 
 
 toMiiif 
 
 HlliyiMtpMlifllWM» 
 
 «Mr.MiMatoitaln 
 i><itoliMtaMWtfct 
 
 ■ftif MNplthtlMMlif 
 
 MiCkto 
 
 Mid 9tmfmMmmy 
 
 M Wg WM 
 
 
 •iite 
 
 -— r 
 
 ftifB •» avvrnT vitf. 
 
 II 
 
 «^ •«• MI«Ma4, M wall ■« ^ 
 •f ■ M w Mlili y ft p«**Um« m 
 BfiMMy. M at Um aMtrHatt •< ilMr ••«> 
 !«(«■ wMi a )r<Miaf wnwn M w trti>hhi 
 (or Im» )iw«l)r (*; 
 
 Il ta IMM • lit l« aniM^iiff Is w ba w ^a Ika 
 rondawl af iIm vahiMM |tir»|M«« Mva> 
 ratiiM aa haarlnff af Cbarlaara ■arrMffa. 
 Oiiarlaa 4'AltifM ratir*^ In hia MMMialalM, 
 lio|iiM|| itiM lu aonwal Ma dMa|ifia(ataBa«l 
 Irmm Ma mI^mwi Maaiairiliaa aa#aai4«4l 
 Mt M«ar to t«ra« mi m4mm tbiaaiai 
 r«i«Mad 4M »ll to Ilia pMnrtoaMkamM 
 toaKtaf afPMuMi vliila Hawr. vlttoMii 
 •MifcaHaff ilM cMdlMaal h all a ) t . oiaf 
 diMMl af INto« MaaMkwatllMi 
 
 of to Mikiaato. liH 
 
 aM Md !• IlM alkar ariili aitaa af «M. Md 
 
 HaMry «m ailMiMM to 
 
 WMiptilt to W M M iMia 
 
 af «M| ba 
 
 Mm toMka of AffiMMMl, PuMaMi Oitjr I 
 •ItU ftoMk ktof katof a prt i wn to 
 LMdMtMd Ika litoir •« ■ ■j to a il batog 
 MMMai to hfkk m4 Maardtog^ MMda M 
 •flMtf M )ka p MH i ll iM of Ua aahjatla. 
 QMMtoMtoMN(k) 1PIM apfotatod le Wry 
 « Ml llw>iwliirt Mm aawMgy kawm kgr 
 
 IJMMWMall iImii. TMamallMwHMl 
 
 al ■M Mf <« »* ^toa A tolMd> M »a>»ililiid 
 tolkt laMat'liilMi^ lU. Md wMab aMM 
 
 «Imi riMttir to Ikai im ImM kf iIm 
 lyMkUb Midlai ■■ CMvy ObriadHi vMi • 
 aMtaUa^Mda. tt Ml nqr kawily m 
 
 
 tavfMMiftidtoglM 
 vawM^MapfM^wuBMaai ■•« 
 It. !»ll 0t iIm* fMi Im to tmk al^ 
 
 I llM.'^ Thto dttMMM MM to. 
 
 J 
 
 issii 
 
 OtoMMtllar. awl wm Mllad Martoa'a fofk-H 
 Wm wa« aiMardiimlf dadaradt iIm aaMaS 
 kaUatl with daiiglii tkm |k<i|^«Ii« |»fait>M 
 of llMir a»v«t«i||«, and la ihair tria t aaa af 
 (liirir alraadir •■« liioi at Ilia n a laa af farta^ 
 •aak Inn ai»>«a Ilia iraMHtaa af toa M*> 
 qoarad iiMiuMrali tka arAwn af PnaM^ 
 arhM* ikmf laaafiMad to to alfaadjr as Uitol 
 •avaraign'a brow. Maay of UM flaM^^ 
 advaMad larga aaaia of niaaay, and allNMI 
 
 falgn wilk Kraal aplaad««r.(*) Tha ktoflk 
 M abtainlMr fnak aatkaldian fnM PaHto 
 MM*, i raa a i d iIm Olia«Ml. and laadad al 
 OaWa, ariik m anqr af UfiOO tolMMf 
 a«d lt.OM aaMlry, andar Ika aoMMMd af 
 Ika Itoba of Badlbrd Md Ika IhI if 
 Odkfd. Tba Mtoo*. alMad «lik iay, imi 
 MraiikmllM a%Ml af haMlllllii, k«l Ik* 
 
 HaMf'a toaatifltf 
 
 M aMMrdlM Mf ■Mkli fclMm m kt 
 irhakia far i^ 
 •AdaMM, bM Ma 
 
 Hotoult 
 al 
 kla adMaaa r y i ika adiii« af Ibto i 
 fill tooaty MMl ka alfiokad ta Iko 
 auployod by C b aria o i 
 odbara of fMb, liwgk|t|hBry «k» dtoft 
 •f atoaaiy «Mi PnMa.«Blolai|adMMi» 
 far btoi to aitii Hi, Iko alMMaMMN cf 
 too toadivMgr af Mwriaditoi Mi 
 
 Matama, ikodlAaalty of 
 
 ontom af «ho OMoi^a alMHkaldo. aMl4ka 
 
 brUUtM odhn mto by ObariM(*) Iks 
 
 (D'AdMfaf ) w«M mm to i 
 
 mp too ii i il lM to MiM af too fmtf, wkMl 
 
 • am of MOMf. pMtkModtoodMkfff 
 Ha Mwnid •• yay fihtmf 
 partly M H ha b M M wmtf 
 iMl b» l o i laa d to ik* dMky, pMlly M 
 
 and HMMlfy »MQO OMVM lo BoM|> Yli! 
 
 aadbiabain^) HaMy.KkoaobMr mmm 
 
 d a tod tog Mmm wHk tko hepo of • «w 
 vbieb fco Mwr kod too aHutoaal iaUaltiM 
 
 (•) BMM<>Hallaa. 
 f) Llnari. 
 
 Lb5a^ XIL, dlMOIl 
 
 lyMr,fMaH.MatPa(I.VL,MK. . 
 
u 
 
 un «r ■■MM viff. 
 
 •f M 4irta il iit. Mil Vk MMiiM by Mlll«f 
 Mmm • y >*». wHi«li Im fwUr ^rvMMl |« 
 I WHW ii tktmM U b« mhpvMmM* i« lito 
 klilTCMi.(*) t'iMrlM. aoMMv^ by k>mmt»- 
 M» mmtirm, m<t» •ttlian *« *>• •••nnini«- 
 ■ > « ■»■< it Im ttiil iMi iwy iIm lUiMlatad 
 WiM (k) Tli« f u|i« li«il n» o««m(mi !• 
 is«sr«««, as tJUfSM ii«j«i Sii« |nr« •! iim 
 
 Hwrjr WM Mw •« ilM aniiMo/lMiittiMM. 
 ■wrjr 1 « > « »« tm «i«|ifiv« hint ol Mm rtwni 
 IMi4 mmI «i«k • difttmi iulurw. MImmI. aftar 
 hwrlm ter • Aw ifcifa war* • mwli crowa, 
 ImA baw MnaicMdl lo kit klMlMn m ■ 
 •ralMMi Mt Hvute' hopM bMl b«M thwwtM! 
 hf lite MMi«ii||) villi IbMbMb. m4 by tk« 
 
 MMk «f « M«Ml4 MM. <M tb« «Mb JuM^ 
 Mil I bit M^Nra w«« »«U ••rtalica wilb 
 rt Ma I*wUmm»« votmi hla Mib^dlw 
 ba d«M«d, mmI Um ii»M% wwt 
 (Mwt b — bhrt w vara bia akvaai iba 
 iMflavafa«(iria«i Warwidi vUbMt bof , 
 il b8ia« MMti Mmrd tV.'. 4a.ffbMr a 
 ■flMMr to a fanvmt. Wbal aiota ooaM 
 tmhmmimttwil Natbii«, Mva tba 
 wbiab limlaad bad 
 
 kla ba WMiawlf aMaabad. mm ibM tba 
 «8a«i It. but baaaaaa ba 
 _ ir arbtla at a dtoiaaaa i 
 Ailfta to I w aaailaw ayata. bMiadiitoairt 
 
 to p Ib n lhaai.(«) WbUt Haary 
 
 M Gbtok draaatoff i>«» ba cauld 
 
 at OMk 
 
 ■M aboM tvaMf . al a 
 A af aawMHMMa^ aad b«*lng 
 af Btodi habadaadaM 
 I with bia 
 Ma MM Ma Fbrbto Warbaab. 
 
 Orbaak. ar Warbatb. whaaa CMbar waa • 
 — W rt ad Jaw, 9n laartof Taatwiy aal»i 
 MlahMl Mwalf at UwIm. vbai* ba 
 
 liV. TMa fwiaaa. fraa IbaJtofta «r 
 
 aw to tha JaWa ebUd. »bo narivad Mm 
 
 MM* af BMar« at baptkoi. or. aa ba waa 
 
 -J.*L^*'!J^' *«^ '»* «>««"baf, waa 
 ilipad M tba ObalMa al Aaibirfaa. 
 ^H«r» Vll/a laeaifu «a la ba 
 ■tiO attba tritM MmmmT Tba Int 
 
 . if) r- ^'Oflacw HiaMM 
 
 hfct 
 
 •alfad to flaadara. ISrtaibto ar 
 
 Wb«a. aa Iha abtU ft ••, • 
 
 *«• nbaatvad batwMN tb« »i>yal apoaMr 
 M<i bia RodckaH. Il WM niNMurvd tlNial 
 in «u«rt ibai Kdward. wall k>«*«a for 
 iralUairy. b«l wbtia la HaUand. to un, 
 bM« •k«««iMii||lf ailaiulva tn WarbMh'i 
 w%im. A WW fifmn afiar Nrbla't bir«b. 
 bia ftobcr UA Lxitnlom Md ratiinMd la 
 naad«ra. Patlito waa bwl aiaiMa »ba« 
 ba aa w aiaw t td. aAar ib* uManw ol ht« 
 tariMf a^raligWMkta. fwriag h»m rnvnlfy 
 to raaatry wi.bo«t any objwrt to »taw(») 
 TWa vanaboad Mrt ol Itlb davalofiMl 
 Iba waadaiftU gUto wttb wbkb Ibia 
 jwMb bad baa* aadowad by nHara. At 
 Carb. ba |pva a«t MmI ba waa llebafd 
 Ptoalacaaal, a«d dacaitrad Iba Mayua 
 O'Waiar, aad a amibar af albara. Tba 
 MaH ol DaMMad paid bti^i to iIm ra. 
 pMamiUMiva ol ''tlia wMm roM." vba bad 
 baan mhmmloatly aavad litMi doalbi tba 
 Barl ol KOdara aipraaawl a* aptotoa bat 
 ai*Faraiil^ aaraHad Iba mull. Cbarlaa VIII, 
 aritb a daalra ta furtbar aakbartaaa Ma 
 aMaay. toviMd PaHito to Ptetoi laaaltad 
 btoi wMb aU tba imnp daa to tba Oidu 9I 
 Yafb.a«d a|> p a » t.i d btoi anaaad al b— aw 
 aadar tba aaWMad af Lwd OtoMMMaali 
 Tba aittad iHliab. wba btol tofaa* ral««a 
 to ttmm, bwMMd to da kaM^a to Ma 
 *k«ii tbay itaaiiiriiad • 
 Mawiv ii toU ii l by lar Ml 
 toMMl, m w km aaa«, to a«M to 
 »Hb Mi awwi iba Inaly bad 
 
 to^Awaa. Ha tba« wtwaadtotlto 
 ar IfanwM. Itowi«a DMbaaa af 
 
 afbar 
 DnhaalYatii. 
 
 todMtoito |c.byi 
 aab af Bdward IV, 
 
 f^km tt Mi aaala, UiaiaJ^ pnpatoR 
 bar paritoMW to iM Iba tm adva^m Z 
 
 abanld 
 
 tlMHB- tba mmtmA 
 
 FMbtowMia«8i7appMura««aof ji*, mm 
 Ma a tmti «f iMity ballabiydtoii^ ^ 
 ealkd Ma Iba "HMto Roaa af ■Mtoai.'* 
 
 hlttariaai, 
 
 ' w —f ora ad tba widaw af CbwlM 
 
 Ibc Bald toto aa old whrb. «M>. to hat 
 
 «h8d Iba epMi if Itohr^ IMW 
 
1. PMwUii w fwkim. 
 
 »MU t^ f.>y«l apoMor 
 U «rM niHM«f«d ahinil 
 
 b (a H«dMi4. Ui 1470. 
 MlMMl.« tn WarWk'a 
 r« MMr r^hlR't btnk. 
 mAon ui4 nrtwnMMi l« 
 
 Im* iIm tMaii«r of hit 
 •te. ravtaf frum MHintry 
 I Mf objM« tn vt«« (•) 
 
 Mrt of Itfc li«Vtl0f>Mi 
 
 Ai wMi wkUll Ihhi 
 Bdow*l bf n^ur*. Al 
 > Mm* bf WM llkbw<l 
 
 d«e«itr«4 lb« Mayur 
 mabwof aUMn. Tk« 
 
 paid bMB^i* lo iIm ra. 
 la vbiw roM." vba bad 
 
 Mvad rroM dMlbi «ba 
 pmMd aa ai^Maa b«l 
 lb«reaute.ChaHMVIll, 
 furtbw faibartaM Ma 
 HilN to Ptetai f«aatf«4 
 ■y daa lo tha Odbt af 
 li bta aiiaaH af Imhmw 
 Iflf LaKOiaifiiMiH. 
 nftHia 
 •aUai 
 
 laaaiM to 
 U iTMly 1m4 MMMir 
 
 la tkaa nrtanMitoilH 
 Ovwagar Dwkm af 
 
 ia (iilMaK.br I 
 H Mfiliatbttkbaii. 
 m af Unard iV. 
 
 *h Uiaialijr pnparint 
 UwlmadfaMMvilM 
 
 rtf hal i i N y dto i ^ irti 
 ^m — ir'Watlani- 
 
 tMi hittoria^, um 
 
 tba wkiMraf Charito 
 M wlirb. «^ fa iMf 
 yMiafltahr^Oifet 
 
 Uira at ■axav vitf. 
 
 •f TaHl. Mi4 VMtod ll witb a ba'if tiwUar 
 to Ihal vbtob b« h«<t wbOa la Iba Towvf. 
 for tka |HifpdM of fatrnMaUof Iiot •ii««|i, 
 llvarjr (•) TbU " witeb " •m aim of lb« 
 ■mmI rMn«fli«bla «>an4«i of b«r 4*f. Tba 
 (<liirali M><td' bar iba.r fooii mftti, aad 
 iTHljr aba daaanrad thai •p|i«lla(to«, for iba 
 
 iiiyi iiwfH wn«n in wsai ut i«« naosaaariaa 
 
 »t Ufa, fad iba lamp l»y *bt«h ib«f alu>ltad 
 at alfbt, aanl Ihaia baoba aad elnibaa, aad 
 waa aroal to vlall ibaai wiMla al ibair iiadUa, 
 aad to coaaula ibaa aa ibr aa bf ta bar 
 
 Flaa«lafa, lad aairay bf iba aaibaailf 
 af Margtral, baJiavad la iba aatatoaea wf 
 Riebard Plaatagaaal. Haary araa aaaojrad 
 bayaad maaaora al Marfaral'a aaadaat i tba 
 |iaaft(a of Raglaad vara ^aial, bat Iba aria- 
 loaraajr. arvabad aad«r Haarjt'a Ijrraaay, 
 apaaly pn^fad tm Iha ptatow d ar'a a ua eaa a . 
 fkiaa al Ibaaa la a aiaawal of vaab crada> 
 Uif or ioiprudaal aacar^ a awa i a a aad a cor- 
 raapoadaoaa with Pavblai tbof wore ha* 
 irajrad a* daaeaaii d . CUibrd aad Barhly 
 aawaidly aold tha4» fcUaw» aeaaplratoca. 
 Hmif bad a««r aoaaa of tba fiat rf Iba 
 lafHah ariatoaraajr ta hia powari Lord 
 RtairaUar, Sir 8«aM« Moalford, (Ur Tbc 
 Tbaraltoo. Babm latoUfb, WUUaa 
 iKMaaa Qraaaaiwir and TbooM* 
 Atvaod arora anaatad aa iha cba t ga af 
 b% b t r aaaea. "Ta ba Itlad. costlatod, aad 
 b a h aadad waa but iba wurk af a Akt daja. 
 Maalfbrt, Tkaraitoa, and Raldlfb vara 
 t a iiaa dl ato l y aiaaaiad i Lord Itewaitor waa 
 inpriaaaad at Cblaiab vbaia, ihraa yaava 
 a(W, ba loal bia Uii la ttTian to aacapo. 
 Tbia aaftrtlf a« Haarj'a part fHfklaaad 
 naaajr af Pwkla'a partiMM^ and aoiaa of 
 tkaa apprahaadfaif traaahari'i (oak rafofa 
 ia a aaart a ary i(^ but Ika* waa aa laofor 
 iavialatoi ha Rvaidiaa aafial had baau ^ 
 maad ^ ibo floforaiffa PMrtML 
 
 Onlbfd. ba who kMl biiaaSy batatjrad bia 
 faUav^aoMpiratata, aa Ma ratofa Afaia 
 VkAdaub »M inirodwad al aaart. wbaa, 
 tkimH^liaMalf at iha Ibal af Haarf, aaa. 
 faaaad III paat aafaWiftUaata, aad l-%BMf 
 oKtad ta* pardon, ofRwiaff *> aadargaaaj 
 poalahaMat that iha blag aaight thUdi 
 pi api f to ialial aa Uai i tbIa aaaaa had 
 baaa ptavionalf amsffad. Maarf UU tha 
 ealptit thai, aa a raaaaai Am hta IMii ha 
 
 « 
 
 Bat. PHi. TI.. MI^BaUL-Lhifaid. 
 
 aiaal raaaal tha aaaMM of ail hlo fcfiaWi 
 e<>n«plrat«m, aad CUAitd, an rialna fnai 
 bla kn»M. muttarad iha oanaa of It* Wli. 
 Ilaoi HunUj. Ilia majaalf taamad iraMtf 
 aal<»nl#^iad i ba loohad al Mtaalay, bia 
 Cbaaibaf lalM, wba at^Mi <kI|I, l.>«hia« ^olto 
 aunfaoad, OIIA>rd a«ai* ■koitora'l Hta 
 a ai a . maaiay waa una oi tita waairHitM 
 iMt'tlaotan In Ennland, bavlag laora lliaa 
 iijoou ta aanaaJ raai, 4,000 oiarba of aUvat 
 la iilaia, aad |awata la abaadaaaa, all af 
 wblrb would AUI to ilanrf araro ba Ma> 
 vWtad of Iraaaoa. It waa |W<Hrad that ha 
 bad aald. that If Parkia Warbaak wara ika 
 aaa of Rdward IV ba waald aal, for mutk 
 flfkt >fain«t bia aoirataica , aad waa lar 
 tbia eondamnad l<> daath. Ha fkirlbar aaa* 
 lM»»i having eoiraapondad artth Patbia.O 
 Tkla waa tha aaoM Bit WlUiaai Staalay ibal 
 bad wardad off Rkbard'a btoar al Baa* 
 wortb,(<) wbteh woold rartatalf bava «MI 
 Kiabmead'a acull ia two. ClUbrd la aaM 
 to hato raoairod MOO M tha rawaid if 
 hia li a a ah a r | . Naaa daiad waof faa Iha 
 dat-aaard aoMaaiaa, aava bla foal, wha^ 
 maatinc by rh«iKa tba kia«*a aari^^ al 
 WarrlBf'-r hi^ in% abortly aAar thaaaa« 
 cutioa, < f>; ...;i to Sir 
 
 Barl >. •'•■ 'r. brathar to 8to WUUa« 
 8toalf.T V. « tUMAbar WUff*) Tha 
 klag. on h ;4r<n),^ ttiaaa worda. baiaadbMa^ 
 taraad bia it <^ ■ a baad aa If ha had aaaa 
 Staalay'a ghaat . 
 
 Mianinrai, amNa aw aaiaaad aiaana 
 bar pr a l ## to laava flaadrf% aai Ptohtoi 
 by aaaMaaa dalataat la aotnagat rwilrii 
 to otoha aa at t aaipl aa BimhuMl, avtod ti 
 h^id. AaaardtaMilf an Ha S<4 latjr, 
 1491. ha aatlad wMh afaar thnaaaat a d iw x 
 tnrara, aad laadad la th« calcbbawkaad li 
 Daal, rUljr aipacdaii tha paaaairtvf to liM 
 ia hia twaari bat w bla awpiteabthtf 
 aMaakad Ua foUowara^firt aoo to tha awwdt 
 aad toak 160 priaaeata^ who woia haagad 
 Uka aaauaaa hlgbwajraMa, aad Warbatll 
 rataraad ia da^Mlr to tlaadava^) Baa- 
 aaaa M«Md ta la w a a aa Haer|r*a aiqiidltf | 
 
 (•) MSB. Duaiit A. XVIII. Howtl'a Stall 
 Triala, HI., SM. 
 
 (d) Pai]rdororii|UdaaaribraHanr7ri|tbtl]n 
 wlna ba aan t-~*'Ha ramambftrad fiivaatl 
 wbleh ba had aoateiad baUar iban thoaa whiob 
 ha bad -facalvodi** 
 
 (•) BMK^ofLadyBaaf. Volaabir Hayward. 
 
 M^t. PmVTL. IQI. Btaaa'aAmato 
 
 <- tlHjM«-f».h* Jl JU««%A*.<4< 
 
!• 
 
 tin o» BBMRT tub 
 
 ■^. 
 
 tht nnlon ptid durlf foi' aMb of hit 
 triumphi. In exchanga for tha paact aba 
 enjoyadt he raquired moaey. If a eitiaaoi 
 aa Sir Williaui Capptl« oocnmittad a fault* 
 tbe king conaented to hia pardon on raoaiv 
 ing a oontideraion for tha aama< Cappal 
 prityed Hanry to ralaaaa him ttom % portion 
 of hit flnei which amounted to £3,740 1 
 Henry, aa grand Jnatidary of the oountry, 
 afur uiwib diaeviaion, acoapted £1,650. 
 Ftrkio, 40 baing repulaad from Kent» 
 turned bia attantioB to Ireland, wbanea ba 
 waa aooa auda to fly by Poyninga, tba 
 fioaroy i ba tban batoob bimaalf to Bootland. 
 Jamaa IV,« daoaivad by Parkin, Nceived 
 bim kiadlyi and gave him in marriage tb« 
 band of Lady Catbarine Gordon, daugbtar 
 of tba Karl of Huntly. Jamca waa at tbat 
 lima but Bftaan, and bad been placed on 
 th» tbiona by bia fathai^a muiderera, a 
 Ibctiou boatiia to Boglaad: be waa acootd- 
 Ingty manaiad bj certain of tba Scotcb 
 p>btiltyt in tba p»y of the Englieb goram- 
 IMn^ witb tha loae of hia crown, and ba 
 fk«wfofa hoped that, in aapouaing Perkin'e 
 tiuari ba .would rerange bimeelf upon 
 Heary,(*} Wurbeek, with ueietanee, might 
 pptufa ••aarMNMambarraeamant to England, 
 Md |Wb«pa «|verthroir. Henry. Jamei^ 
 tharaftHra, raaolTed to Mfouea hie c«ua^ 
 il|:«0Bditkia tbat tba town of Berwick 
 lliMild ba aurran^arad to him* and 5,000 
 OMtrka paid in tha oourae of two yaara. 
 ||liri>«(^ M muateN4 • Corca of 1,400 
 ||lii,,A«pi aU nationa, and tf) thafa Jaowa 
 «JWil|^,,hia sy^ilablf atraogtb. P«rUn 
 frjill^^liMPMf amaad t)M border to invnda 
 PRI^IJtfi^) thmng biamareb^ ba diaparaed 
 ^I Mfl NiP tinp . oalltof «i hie fi^thiUi anb* 
 .}0tk^t^ h^vin axpelling Heaijrlkoai 
 ft|^««iiffrhidiba ateined with Uo«d, and 
 pp)j«\lii^g to any one tbat dianl4 dallivar lo 
 lAp. living or da^* "Hjnuy 1^^4i^ tbf 
 ^rnnt," a reward of ^,000, and land to 
 dka yeaHr v<4na of '(Op aarika Uft aTBr.(*) 
 
 Iknry o^mrolkad JPaHiamant on tb«. 90k 
 oC f((bn¥«7» 1*97, mora iii tba proapaet of 
 obtaiBiwg mon^ flrom hb anbjeete than of 
 haiaf leveaged on Seotlaiadt ba wu not 
 daeaivad in hia azpeetatioiu, PiiiikHBant 
 irMad him £19,000 and thraa'-tllaenllui, sM 
 
 Piakeiton'a Hietoiy of 
 Braur. XII.. MOk' 
 Unfard. 
 
 then pftnroguod.(4) Thie tax met with, 
 no oppocitkm, cava in Cornwall, where it waa 
 refbaed on tbe pleaUMt tbe money, inatcad 
 of being employed fm the purpoee for wbloh 
 ithadbeed laviad, would eenre only to fill 
 the monareh'a eoffera. Tba ringlaadera of 
 tbia riot were Mkhaal Joaeph, a fkrrier, 
 and ThonuM Flammoch, an attorney, wboea 
 loquaeiouanaee waa looked on aa aloqueneei 
 axeitad by tbaae individually tbe popukee, 
 to tba number of 16,000, aaiaed thoaa anna 
 wbkb vara neareat at band, and nniched 
 on tba county of Daron. Lord Audley 
 ,)oii»ed them at Walli^ whan ha waa impa' 
 diataly daclaiad thaii lander, and under bia 
 eommand^tbay manbad thioogb SaUabury 
 and Winchaatar bto Kent,balliiif to murder 
 • tax gatbarer, and randing the air witb 
 tha eiy of "Death to ArabbiBhop Mortonl" 
 "Death to Sir Reginald Oragrt'" tha aap 
 paaad auOhn* of thia uujuatitabla tax, and 
 tha moat active inatrumanU of tha king'a 
 4ynnny,(*)i Tba rabala tooh up their poati 
 tbn at Bltih«m, in tba vioiiiity of LoikIoqi 
 but nona of t^ citi^ana joined tbam^ 
 H«ny, throuf^ Sir Qaorgt fi«ldt waa Ail)f 
 acquainted witb tb(^ novementa, and on 
 oqe Satorday arening, (the Wag aupaiati* 
 tkHMlf beliwed that Snturday waa Wa lucky 
 day), ^e Earl of Oxfunl eudden^ attaokad 
 theiv lear-guard i ^ notion laataid but tw« 
 huiua. Tb« Con^di ardnn dafandad thf 
 b^dfawidi great mkrar, M ^ PPOfiP*"!* 
 it Wae lormAt tbigr fled ia dM|w>b ,1M|| 
 VXN) on tha .flald ^ batlkb tad I,flOO pti' 
 aoaara. l^ Apiii^ DP beba»dM, ijlm 
 bavivg baan takan flroai 3^awg«la to 1V««c 
 HHH ««vii«|) w^ #flWf9riM»tl% «|« wlii* 
 
 nmaindM narflmaan -Bat tha midjmm^ 
 
 that Parkia dMarnibiailatvy Ida f«a^ 
 ia titat «eaaty. ^^^m/^nOjynmiiM 
 yoiaelfitJMa^. eia tha puaidt <i^«M 
 to Ua eiaadiu)d; a/^ twaratodialaUf 
 aKHi8,aad^ ad*aBkanr, amboldaa«l bf 
 
 aicbardlV.,kinforBaglaad. Hai 
 ■a bw mialrtaif » bwdinipi (Hijfaajt 
 tailor, (Skaltim), and aa hia aa<; rat(tm ^.a 
 
 V^ lot. ParL. VI., 618^ U9. 
 O TytSSu lUfia da Tbtgnaii 
 
i.(i} ThbtumalwliH 
 A CorninJl, whtn U ma 
 UmI the moDvj, inttnd 
 lav lb* pwpoM r«r whloh 
 would MTV* onlf t« fill 
 ra. Th« riuglMdm at 
 ihMl Jowpb, « fkrritr, 
 lock, an tttorMy, whoM 
 
 loolud OB M •loquaneai 
 divkltuJi^ Um popolaet, 
 (,000, Miwd thoM arau 
 
 •4 hand, and ontchad 
 Doron. Lord Audlij 
 lla^ whra ha waa inpa' 
 lit laadari and nndarliia 
 ehad Uuough SaUabnrj 
 ) K«it,lwll)iaf to Bordar 
 1 landing tka air witli 
 
 Arahtnakop Mortoni" 
 (inald Oragrf' tha asp* 
 lia unJaatiiBbla tax, and 
 IninanU of tba king'a 
 ibala look up tbair poaki 
 tho Tioii|it7 of Londooi 
 
 oiti^ana jobiad tbaoi^ 
 ' Qaoren iiald, waa Mj 
 lair naoTamenta, and on 
 lOR, (kha king aaparati« 
 
 1 Snturday waa bla laeky 
 kfofd auddan^ altaokad 
 ha aotion laatad knt ««« 
 ik ardnn dafnidad thi 
 nkiw, bprt ijM mv^ 
 
 H Mlkb and 1,000 jtA- 
 
 AroHk I|awgato to 1V«ac 
 
 »Plgr a^mfla^ qn «|Mi 
 ilHd ifwi iid J ^ iPaiKi 
 
 l9tf7^a,HfM 
 
 ^i fP^B* ^^^^^ ^^^w, IP?-^^^^^^^^ 
 
 I aia tiM pawlt pMhad 
 l^awpratodiatoUf 
 afg^Wwr^amboUlaaad If 
 
 rfBaghnd. 
 iwdmipi (Jitffm\ 
 
 md aa hia mi^nttf^M 
 
 hdaThaijrMi./ . i i-i 
 
 Liri or mMBT Tin. 
 
 ir 
 
 a (Windier of iha naraa of Aatlcy. On hia 
 •iriral at Exator, Parkin found binaelf at 
 tha hand of 0.000 man, whcraon ha baalagad 
 that city without being provided with aaa- 
 munition or artilloryi ha waa obliged to 
 naa cord kddara to acaki tlia walla and 
 torohca to flra tha gataa. Hia allampte 
 fcilad with a loaa, acoording to Henry, of 
 400 of hia fi>Uowera.(*) 
 
 Heniy waa now about to neet Perkhi 
 Warbeck ftkee to faoe. an opportunity ha 
 had in vain aoaghl fur three yearai bnl no 
 ■oonrr had tha pretender heard that tka 
 king waa kimaalf at the head of hia amy, 
 than he raiaed the alega of Exeter and fled 
 to Taonton. Hie aoldiara raeolvad al tha 
 latter town to appeal to annai, but Parkin, 
 on hearing the anemy'e elarion, again fled 
 and took ehelter, (Snd September, l<S9«,) 
 with 00 of kia foDowera, in the atnetnary 
 of BaaoUan, in Hanpdiira. Onthefolk>w< 
 ing dny tha inanrgwita aabnitted to the 
 royal mareyi their laadera were hanged, 
 and tha raowindar led barefoot, with haltera 
 round thafar neeka, to tka myal tant^ wkarati 
 prayingfornerey, they were pardoned. Bnt 
 aa If Henry had repented of hie :lemanoy< 
 he iBpoeed each heavy flnea on them that 
 it waa Qtterly out of their power to die* 
 eharga thein.(k) 
 
 Pii^kin'a aayhm at BanuUau waa 0aai> 
 pletely aummndad. Soom of Haary^ id* 
 vieera cooMaDad hba to wMat tha oriodMl 
 atonea, MtwIthalaiidintUahavkif akOaad 
 tha akdtMh of • aoMlMy. «■ iko plan tkal 
 ito priva«|« did Ml «tMdto«Mgirilqraf 
 
 (<) WharanMM PaMcto atd kit oaagnany 
 want to «• OMi gate and ta the aaithani gB% 
 •ad aaianltad IhaaaHH^ h«t it wu 80 dafStoded 
 (liieawd he Oed) that Pertdn km abora tkiee 
 
 daTkagma. ltyaiMr.re»4era.XII. 
 
 in tka BfiM Itaaana. ^fha Abhel of Atkd- 
 
 and the nMMff Aom % to Mh.aa<^ Tha 
 tewn el B^Meril3(Kk ai^Tlfliia 
 Ohaayneya^ Kaf.. of Preato, dMlta. 4i. 
 
 high trenaon i othera, on tha contrary, wera 
 of opinion that it would be highly impolitif 
 to run the riak of offending Innocent \Ul., 
 and that tharefore it would be more prudent 
 to guard the avenuee of the abbey, ao that 
 Parkin might have no chance of eeeapa, 
 Pinding himaalf ckMely watched, and urged 
 by the aolioiutiona of the abbot to threw 
 hiicaalf on the royal mero) , Perkin, after • 
 lengthened eonaiiltotion with hie fellow- 
 refugeee, obeyed. Henry had proroiaed bin 
 hki lUk, and ha kept kia wcid. but Warbeok 
 waa to grace the eonqueror'e triumphant 
 entry into London. Mounted on • war- 
 horae, ha tmvaraed the atreeu of tha eity 
 aaaid • popukce who revenged themaelvan 
 iar having eo long liatened to him. by In- 
 aalting and Jeering hka now that he waa in 
 Mieir power.(«) On hearing of her hna< 
 band'a defeat. Lady Kntharina Oordoa, wh*; 
 had retired to Mount St. Mwhaal, aomiK 
 dered heraelf. On batog brought beforaj 
 the king; Aa bluakad aaid buret into taaiai, 
 bnt Henry relieved kar from aQ appi«k«»> 
 aton by aaaoring bw. that aha had nattiiaA 
 to Int, and aeat her to tko quean, onaa^ 
 vkoaa kdiaa of konour a&a aftcrwaida b*< 
 eaae, atiU retaining, en aaaonat of hait 
 baan^, tke appalktkm of " tka wUto roMk** 
 a nana wkiek aha had ucigfawlly gfami har. 
 on aooonat ef har haaband'a ptetenaiona.(Q 
 WaatmiaatarFriaoawnanaaiflBadtoirw. 
 book na Ui p«iaM», tha llMlto of whidh h^ 
 waaaottopipa«aderp«diof daatO.' Bii 
 Plvhfai wpatad akrAwljMn to dMif M| 
 aetlvi^, and ko oaMaquantty ntoUfpid l|» 
 aaaatM tha «igf|an«a nf hia gwurd; % 
 ahurah waa inatantly givaai, nn^tha IhgMvih 
 ftadhw khaaaif panned, tank itfma hi fhd 
 Curthuakn Monaatary of 8lMna,j[«) tito 
 prkr of wkkh Mgad Ua to thra# IfaKMf 
 agnb MiMiaawny of Banry,nr||M> otmatnAt^ 
 onea aon to pardon 4h« aidprit. Perhkij 
 waa now eondenned toNindig d tHtoln dift 
 in tha atooka at Waatainatar RaO, wM dtt 
 tha aaonow atChaapeidaraadthe(«tef«|| 
 in pnMte i'fe o Bl e adon drawn wp by ilawy 
 
 aee«a tyk air 
 
 KaOarbe Geidaa iwnMk tt*^ 
 ...-^ »^ flhrllatdww Otadoek. aajjnii 
 hartad witk Itn fa tke chuidi at BwnuLm 
 floadiWalei^ where their t«Bh.ii aUUtofi 
 aeen.— See HielortealNotioeeor Sir TliUliffi 
 OWock by Kev. i. U. TtakenM. :''"^" 
 
18 
 
 Y.IVR or VIMBT Till. 
 
 •ad h\n minitten/M •ttm which ba wm 
 takra to th« Tow«r. Warwick and Pericia 
 ■Mtlbr th« Aral tima aa ieUow-4»pttvaai and 
 M Umn la no tia which nnitaa bauta mora 
 Matljr than teiafbrtune, thay aoos baeama 
 Inlimata, and ahortly fbnnad a |ilaa for 
 •Maplng from thair eonlDamant. Poor of 
 Ibair gmrda. whom thay had bribad, pro* 
 •iiad to aaaaaainato iho gOTamor, OiKbj, 
 and to eonduet tha priaooon aafaly to a 
 ^hea of aaeurityi but tha plot waa dia- 
 •svand. Parliln waa triad aa a fnraignar 
 goOtf of hiiih traaaon, ainea hia raaidanoe 
 In England, oonvkitad, and oondamnad to 
 ^ hangad. With hia laat braath ha caUad 
 Ood and man to witnaaa that ha waa Richard 
 Onka ol York, and not an iropoator, thna 
 laaving fntnra hlatoiiana to aolve a biognh- 
 PUmI prohUo. whieh will probably ba arar 
 Aroadad in alarnal obaoarity.(k) Q'Water. 
 n^w of Cork, and hia aon, bithfnl ad- 
 Kamita of Warbeck, aufhrad with hia, 
 coafearing their crima and craving par* 
 ita, aa abont w appaar in tha Oivina pra- 
 •Hic«.C*) Bafora tha ouadawnation of 
 fMdn. tha Earl «f Warwick waa arraigoad 
 glttwharof tha Honaa of Lord*, on tha 
 dwrga of Mgh traaaon. Having baan a pri. 
 aoMT for ifteim yaara, ha waa then bat 
 iHantj'fbnrt and ao tevarely had he been 
 tmil^''^ that, aoe<tMfing^ Stowe, ha did 
 «o( kno#tha difkrcnca batwaaa • dnek and 
 • IMIttkeaartadinowladgad that be hail 
 CMiaalad to Ptvkln'a proja«t» and wm, in 
 
 iBaaipnnri rrr'* -J«^i^««m.f^.— 
 
 UlqdIoM aealanea, wWeh, will aver be a 
 Moloii Hearfa chanet«iCt) It was indeed 
 aa f ikMlag a fwr yeera of repww deaiiy. 
 ^ Ikaqvaw waa aieeediaffly aCMled •• 
 ■ ■ ■9., . ■ ■ , ■ . ■■ ■ 
 
 'l3SlwwHMdB Waibeekt ia a foae. 
 Iba WS^ BatUik aaaala eaaaoi^MaelTO. 
 ■Sb'«SMllallmefBagliahHiat«fy. The 
 SSJeFiialetie doabta." alter a km* w4 
 SZIt naaaidi te rUadan. at tha mkiaa 
 gSS^— of (he DndMaa Marguct. waa 
 
 aiiMtolad aay ••«■«»«• ••«**!i**»|»y«f 
 raibkiVaihack. The laila of Oaa«oad and 
 todara eeeai tehara haaa perfKttv eowriaeed 
 rfthe aatheajWtyef thep«»&aA&ead1^ 
 WwMiat. Cofte daraa not aaaait that renoa 
 
 UMBMl, widte Ungaid. mi all modem kialo* 
 riMakawwhaaitat'on in danoonoiaf Un lie 
 aa bap aa tn fc^ v 
 
 (il in?inMtiii4uatiftiihleeaeoutiaa.--liiia 
 •(ik)Ua94.IV. 49. 
 
 hearing of Warwlek'a death. To do away 
 with the effect of the executioo <>n the 
 people, Henry circalated a report that Per. 
 dinand. King of Arragon, had refiiaed hia 
 oonaent to the marriage of hia daughter, 
 Katharine, aa long aa ao near a rebitiva of 
 the Houae of York waa in a>iatence.(*) A 
 ringnlar Juatifleation, that might lead one to 
 euppoae even that the anion of the Honae 
 of Arragon with that of Tudor was an 
 ol^act of eooh vital importance to England 
 tliat it waa even to be«parebaaed by blood 1 
 bat Henry was to receive by thia aurriaga 
 S0O.0OO crowne ae Katharine'e dowry, and 
 hence hie eagemaee in haatening tha death 
 of the Earl of Warwkik. The marriage 
 waa aolemniaed at St. Paol'a on the 14th 
 of November, ISOl. Arthur waa Juat flf. 
 teen, and Kathaitne on|y a flnr montha 
 older iC) the prince wae beloved by all fbr 
 hia ina noble temper, and he had become a 
 good eoholer nnder the taitton of Andrtf 1 
 Katharine waa rooaarkable foi; bar baaoty 
 andmodae^. Tha happy aoapla m atdad at 
 Ladk>wOaatle,ia 8bropahiia,«diin Arthur 
 died eaddenl^ of decline^ aboal foor 
 montha aftar his marriagsb or rather from 
 the eflwu of a eevcra wintor on Ue delieata 
 conatitation. Ha left as hia widow one 
 who had been hie w^ in neaie only,(») 
 whom hie phyaidaae had ordered to treat 
 rather ae a etaur than a wiA>;(h) aad aba 
 waa heredf at a ktar period,.wlwa called 
 on to defend icr rights as a #ili and a 
 mother. ob%sd to a^^sal to Haary to 
 prove bar viiKb^. whidb kt bud tba aa* 
 Mashing efhwrtsry to coatait^ aUboiigh ba 
 hMl said Massif that dw«asa«||^ wbsa 
 babadna»ledbar.(i) Aithair^aa the 
 
 (•) Hail. Baeoa. . '' 
 
 (t) Ahasst aU hiaioliB|M lavebeaaniMflMl 
 in ataiing, thai the Sfslof the laAiw wae 
 aiaeleenatUietimeefherauHriiBia. Shanns 
 bMMAkatode H«aarie. DeeeaScrtSwlMi. 
 MiM Btrk^taad was the fiisl to reetil^ tkb 
 arrar by te fc raaee to a ICS. by Andraw Ber- 
 aaMee. entitled'' HiitariadekMVsyteCatallooa 
 ParaaadoetDaaaaiadMt'* SeealaeUlaaii, 
 fMlMrtCaea. V. 858473. 
 
 (i) Hi opinio apeaama ytiawn, intaotam, 
 eaia eawt iuTalklHs atale aea sMtoi* sett* 
 MlaH.4.PetrMMertyr. (I6W.) 
 
 (It) Re waeia eo great and >nig|fawa a tt 
 of aiekoeaa. aa Oat, by tbeadvlwor^yaislina, 
 he was altagather raarained flea ii on s a a w ia 
 Uag tha nankie by eamd no pB l a tt aa ; ■flEka 
 mUoryoftheOmnkefBil^kiid. , 
 
 (») j^i^ydotetlfra. ; 
 
c'l dnth. To do ftwtj 
 the exacutioo on the 
 Istod m report that Per. 
 tngon, had reftued hie 
 riaift of hU daughter, 
 u ao near a reUitive of 
 waa in e>iatenee.(*) A 
 I, that might lead one to 
 he union of the Houea 
 hat of Tudor waa an 
 inportanee to BngUod 
 Mstporebaeed bj blood t 
 soeive bf thia marriage 
 Catharine'e dowry, and 
 in haetening the death 
 reriek. The marriage 
 St. Phal'e on the Uth 
 
 Arthur waa Juat fif> 
 M ontjr a iiw montha 
 I wae belof ed bjr all for 
 IT, and he had beeome a 
 the tuiifamol Andf^t 
 irkaUe for bar beauty 
 happjr flo«id« m e W »d at 
 bropabint udiin Arthur 
 
 dedine^ aboal four 
 irriageb or ralbor from 
 re winter on Ua delieate 
 left aa Ua widow one 
 w^ in MUM onlfiCt) 
 m had ordered to treat 
 Mn a wiflD^k) nd aba 
 tar pelted, .wban called 
 igbta H n #ili and a 
 ) afpml M Haarjr to 
 whieh IM biid tko «n* 
 to tuu lml , ■Hhowgh be 
 itdM«iia»ii||Miwhan 
 Ai«i#p|«atba 
 
 itiaMbatoliiwIlliilHitt 
 iMJof the ummwu 
 if fear maniane. SbOjfw 
 
 «ria.DeeMScrtM^ 
 the fiial to l ee tij ^ thb 
 a KS. bf Andraw Ber- 
 Miadelo«i«yteCataIl0De 
 mImL" 8eealmL«ian4, 
 
 173. 
 
 Bwm itimnu i M ao tam , 
 ■atm* re&> 
 
 preat and i|iiipifi)iM a tt 
 l^theadrlaeorffcyatsllm. 
 
 led nam eoneumflH^ 
 eamd ooMdattHI^Se 
 bofllagtiiil. , 
 
 Uri or HIKUT Till. 
 
 1ft 
 
 Ind uf April, 1809, and in June following, 
 Henry, Duke of York, took the title of 
 Prince of W«lea:(i) wherme Richard II. 
 had not taken it till fuur montha after the 
 death of hie father Edward.(b) 
 
 Arthur'a death had a great elhct on 
 Henry, who now found himeelf compelled 
 either to tend the Infants back to Spain, 
 and reetore her dowry to Ferdinand, or 
 to keep her in England aa the Dowager 
 Prinoeea of Wales, with a third of the 
 revenue of the Principality, the Duchy of 
 Cornwall, and the PMaanate of Cheeter.(«) 
 Kenry waa phced on the home of a 
 dilemma, hut hie uanal good fortune extri- 
 cated him froni hie embarraaament. Fer- 
 dinand, aaxiona to preeerre the allianoe of 
 EngUnd, aa a oounter-balanoe to the 
 enmity of Kranee, propoaed a marriage 
 between Katharine and Henry Prince of 
 Walae.(d) The Engliah monarch aeemed 
 at Am indifihnnt to thie oflbr, hoping that 
 another and more advantageoua propooal 
 might b« made.(«) Ferdinand, bowarer. waa 
 not to be deoeired, and eaaily perceiving 
 Henry'e object, he eununoned himuitberto 
 restore the dowry or to conaiint to the 
 raarriaiie. Negotiatlona waru aeeordingly 
 entered into: the Englieh king nquired 
 that, aa only one half of the dowry had 
 been paid, the bahmce ahonld be aottled 
 befbie the aolamnteatkn of the maniage. 
 To tbia Ferdinand replied that Katharine'a 
 nvenna, aa the Dowagw Prineeea of Welee, 
 waa a anfieientaquivalant. Tooavaricioua 
 to make a matual ancriflM, too diatinato to 
 yiel4,th«yeonaonladtopaalpona tba eon- 
 sidaiMkm ai tbaae paemiary oattara to a 
 later period, and Mi asih of Jona, ItOS^t) 
 U waa aattiad thai tba oMniact ahonld be 
 
 w arrival of 
 
 (•) Lord Bacon, hi Us "History of Reny 
 VIII." aays. that (he Duke of York waa Mt 
 reeled with hie new title till Pebmaiy, 1503, 
 but, according t j Thoyraa^ thie fa wmog, ae 
 we ind him eiyled Piteoe at Walee id the 
 wWic MK of leueie patent, dated Mad June, 
 ISM.— Baptai da Thoyrae. 
 
 (») U Otaad.— Hfatoim 
 
 ■Baptai da Thoyrae. 
 
 Ur ataad.>-Hfatoim dn DivMoe de 
 Henri VIIL 
 ;•) l^ndal.— Bymer. 
 
 <) Benaldee.~8ir Hairia Mieoki^a Ma- 
 lta ef Biisabeth ef Toriu 
 (•1 Lipfiard. 
 
 (() tieau of a«th September. UOB. British 
 nn. USB. Cett. Ve^ Bimsv 3UU., 
 
 .!, ; , „ t s^ 
 
 the dispensation (r) Julius II., after eon« 
 sultiuK the Saored College^») i^nted the 
 Bull.(i) Honorioue, in tlie meet flourieb* 
 ing daye of the Church, ha<l married two 
 eistere, and none of the Fathers had ever 
 censured his second marrisge. Innocent 
 III., the most skilful canonist that had ever 
 •at in the Chair of St. Peter, had authoriaed 
 thie sort of union at the time of theoonver. 
 eion of Livonia. Emanuel, King of Portugal, 
 had done the eame thing, with the consent 
 of the Pkpal See, though he had had children 
 by the 6ret marriage i end in the fifteenth 
 eentnry, a diepeneation similar to that l 
 solicited by Henry, had been granted by 
 Martin V.(J) Warham, Arahbiabop ot 
 Canterbury, one of the grentoat theologiana 
 of the day, wae at drat againet thie mateh, 
 on two grounds I one deduced from the 
 Levitieal dispensation, and the other bom 
 the effect it would have on public moralai 
 he oppoeed the opinion of Fox, Biabop o( 
 Wincheeter, in the royal preeence, but anb- 
 mitled hie judgment to the Papal See on 
 the arrival of the Bull, for Roma had apokai^ 
 and it became him to be ailent.(k) 
 
 Katharine bereelf, aa if ina|rii«d by a 
 presentiment of evil, waa avnrae to bar 
 union with Henry ; ehe had the appcanMOC 
 of one elriring to conceal some great ataM 
 giring from the knot ledge of her friond% 
 and she earncetly beeought them, ending 
 (t I La Orand. 
 
 (I>) With the advice of the College of Oaidi' 
 nafa and of the most learned divinee and 
 canonisM.— The Hietory of the Reformaiida 
 of Ike Chnndi of Bngla^. »««»"»«»«■ 
 
 (') See Anieadiz (A). 
 
 (/) In the refapi of Henry VIII., (|8 Henry 
 Till., e. ft aad 6). ChristMher Tknrfamd and 
 ^J^*^^ •*• """"f"^ permfaelon tnm 
 a« Holy See to BMrry the dandier of Qeoina 
 nSSSd. *^ "^ ^ •MT^mth.,. iS5 
 
 (k) Whkdi aleo he deefamd. not only faia 
 ^^;!S^;f^i^ be harrtlh*Bioh«d>«! 
 Bfahop of Wincheeter, who pereuadad It, but 
 hi cert^ WNde to Ktaig Heny VII. UaMeK 
 whom he toM plahily that the ■andaMeeemad 
 to Um neiiher honouable — fflltfiinilii God. 
 Notwithstandiag, when the BuOef^ 
 
 z 
 
 tion wee gnaled. that he, the said deaoasaL 
 oMtiadietadttnomore.— LeOrand. AaBmS 
 hae eadeavosnred to wrest Wariiamra evidenoe 
 hi (hvoar of the divaioe, the mder ^SiSmI 
 the ArekMehMiof Clanterbniy'. dmoeitien, aa 
 t'W" <>7 I^. Heriwt, hi (he AppSJmB). 
 where he will ase that Warham illrMUfmr d! 
 ^P«2<g>wMMeaJk»hsaird eC thegnating 
 
 o t 
 
 liji 
 
Lira 0? ■RMtiT Till. 
 
 io 
 
 htr pny*n with taari. not to paraiat In th« 
 Bsitor.(*) What wu thtn paMiB« ia bcr 
 VMM Wm vh* uhaaad of baing tnado 
 Itw (ubjcat «r dabkM batwaan two powarftil 
 ■ovareiffM) or wm aha of opinion thnt bar 
 marriaga waa contrary to tba Ditrina law ) 
 An obadient danghtar u( boly Church and a 
 gotid Chriatian, Katharina caaiad oomplaia. 
 lag whan infonnad that tha Soreiaign 
 Ponilff had granud tha nacaaaarjr diapon- 
 aaMon fbr hrr union with Hanrjr Prinea' of 
 Walaa.(k) Hanrf and Katharina wara ba> 
 Irothad at tha Palaea of tha Biahop of 
 8a)labar7, in Float Straat, on a7th of Juno, 
 1S08.(*) Haarjr, on tha ava of ontaring on 
 hU flftaanth yaar, (93rd June. 16Ui). tha 
 ■«nnoni«al aga of pubarty. waa eonpalltd 
 fbnnally to protaat, in praaanca of tha Privjr 
 Connell at Richmond, againat tha Taliditjr 
 «f aaj ooniraot antatad into during hia 
 ■••Higa. Thia protaat waa of no great 
 Importance, aa Henry aetad out of obadianee 
 W Ma Mhar'a will tC) he did not eren read 
 4m ^teet. Tha king waa not preaent,(«) 
 g*r waa it daamad neeeeaary to mention tt 
 to Kathkrlna. Theaa facta are mentioned 
 h datml by P«x, and we cannot nt)ect lo 
 fc apo W l B nt a teatimony aa hia.(*) If Henrjr 
 ▼U^ ragatded thia protaat aa the ravoeaikm 
 flf tha eontmet entered into two yaan fira- 
 vtoMj, Katharina ought to have beaa im« 
 m J to tely aent back to Spain j but after thia 
 muieua Incident, of which aha vaa kept in 
 IjjgionMK* till a late* period, aha iwnaiaed 
 S iBaghwd for tha apM* of four yean, 
 imderiy beloTed by tha yoaag Plrinm of 
 Walaa, who ardendy fenged fcr 4ia day 
 flM^lHmiglii^harhiawifc4«) But how 
 fifi i^i iweifml Ibt Um condacl of Henry 
 IKLt LaMdoarM'giTaaaa tha foUowing 
 dsplMMltMit "The king, whoao health ww 
 M^ hfoiMBing woian •Hica BUanbelh'a 
 fiilt-. ■aganlad Ua affliction m m pan i a fa - 
 
 .i%) Mariana Hialoria da , 
 
 iM Hacheif a Lili af Hanty VIll. 
 
 . (aj gpeed. Pot the oaMraet aea CoHiar'a 
 
 idMairicia Hiatory of Bni^and. 
 U) That ha did net rHaamber that Henry 
 TIIL, whan ha eame ta age, «i wprMtiy 
 iiiiiiiil to. or diaiant ttaa^ tha Intended 
 ttattiaga: yat tint b* baHaved that a rrataaUK 
 tian waa madab hi tta aaaw af Uewy VlU^ 
 tplhatefeet. 
 
 ' (a). La Oaand. ■ ^w« .:•- ■• ■ :' 
 
 S 9 
 
 ment firam God, for having giren hia oonaeni 
 
 to an incaatttoua manriage, and eonaolanee- 
 
 atrickcn, ha daairad to protaat before hia 
 
 death againat thai union i"(h) aa if the 
 
 asampla of the clergy, who had unanimously 
 
 aoeapted the deciaion of Jnliua II., wars not 
 
 aufleiant to allay Henry'a nocturnal feara. 
 
 Pox haa fumiahad ua with the genuine 
 
 renaona of tha proteat. He atatea that I 
 
 Henry had no wiah to renounce the pro< 
 
 Jectod union, hut that it waa only dafarred 
 
 on account of aome misui dcrat ending with 
 
 the princaaa'a father raapecling her dowryO) 
 
 Neither age, aickneaa, not tha death of tha 
 
 queen eould alaeken hia avarioa ) ahould tha 
 
 manria||a be erlebrated too eoon, hia brother 
 
 of Spein wonld keep hia doabloona, an evil 
 
 arhich he deeirad to avoid by making Pardi' 
 
 aand believe that there would be no rupture, 
 
 ae Henry wae attU aa datarmiaed aa aver to 
 
 marry hit Katharine. It waa bat right that 
 
 ha ahouM be tied by no engagement.(i) in 
 
 order that Perdinand might be iniiucad to 
 
 pay tiia whtda of the dowry. Thia royal 
 
 artiloarracceadad beyond hie moat aanguiae 
 
 wlabaai tha donbloona arrived, » lutla lau 
 
 U ia troa, bnt Perdinand waa aoxloaa that 
 
 hia danghtar ahnold ha OHrriad.and yet 
 
 that ha ahonld be able to keep hie OMmay. 
 
 Haary, however, wna iailasiblat Ae dowry 
 
 waa the pledga ti the eaatrnet t hawairtMl 
 
 il^ obtained hia and, aadaaapaOad UntMi 
 
 Bowofaga,f eigathar m l H . llMmiwaa 
 
 aaotber aeotivafartiwaMaiiMb% fMtHti 
 
 ha had ahadn few tawn w llw rtwi> af hfin 
 
 qnaaat hat tiMf w«% W iw p w t 'WW^ diM 
 
 af Napha kad aaaMadaA^^Mv kaahaad^ 
 dooOaiMM, aa idaa atVMk Umliat by Ilia 
 ■Hunriaga wMi baa^ ha wa*ld lal i mi tha 
 
 aatrimooy a( tlM»' HAmn- ^ ■ TadMM uid 
 Jaaa waa atill yoawf^' haadaoaM. Bat 
 the new Kinn af .Hti^ nlhaad lojiicecote 
 hk pwdmiaag'a will, and Hevsp twacd 
 Ua atteatfaM, ^^leuii^ ipiu, HMfhmn 
 
 (k) Bp. KuHteti.— Meriaea Ap ea ia nti ca* 
 
 (t) Pnrthannon, (hat ntaa «eaiiMiee held 
 bitweea Haaiy VII. and UmaaUL h# Ibaud 
 It wae tha hitantioa cf that Um «aihiaaea 
 Heaiy ihoakt ■airy thoaatd Lam T 
 aMtoH»he i l t J I wi a i Aa eata w a l a i l 
 
 bitaadedmatrimeaftby 
 
 wUoklraa at ^ Uam hetwial ^. 
 
 iam«a|8iLi^«iiiiiiii«it«r ( 
 Toy SaMaVL^f. lw.<:4JitgM«. 
 
LtrB or IIKNRT VIII. 
 
 •1 
 
 havinf utTMi hit oonMot 
 anriane, and oonioiine*- 
 id to protott bafori hU 
 i union ("(>■) M if tha 
 ly, who had uninimouslir 
 >o of Jnliua II., wen not 
 icnry't no<tun»l faara. 
 lod ua with tha ganuina 
 rotaat. Ha atatea that I 
 lah to ranounoa tha pro* 
 that it WH only dafanad 
 m miaui demanding with 
 or Napeeling har dowry.O) 
 aaa, nor tha daath of tha 
 in hia avarioo ) abould tha 
 atad too aoon, hia brotha* 
 •p hia donbloona, an avil 
 a aroid by malting Fardi> 
 hera would be no nipUira, 
 i aa datanaiaad aa arar to 
 sa. Itwaabot right that 
 I by no angageiMat,(J) ia 
 ind mighi ba Iwlueod to 
 tha dowry. Thia royal 
 bayond hk aoat aanguiaa 
 UmIm arrivad, a lutla late 
 dinand ««a aoxlooa that 
 old ba nHrriad,aad yat 
 I abia to haap hia flHHMy. 
 MaiailMiblat Aa dowry 
 tbaeottaatt hatraslad 
 
 a tba wailpfc^ Taawwaa 
 irthaaMMMi^fMlMtt 
 tifki* 
 diiad 
 
 brkia 
 ■^ kft ««iM hMNMa the 
 
 Mir'Md haodaoaN. Bat 
 
 K««lMMAN^A»jicNiite 
 
 «ill, and Hamif tmwd 
 
 card^ ^ul^VttM Quaaa 
 
 i.^Hariaoa A| ll »a «ti aa- 
 
 I, that upaaaaatHMaeaheld 
 ril. and hhMtUL h# fiwud 
 a of that UM««iWaaM 
 ra thatttdl^^JMWAM, 
 
 Downgar of Naplaa, to Margartt. Duchaaa 
 of Savoy. In order, however, to be united 
 vith either of theae widown, ha felt that ha 
 •■ould do nothinf without the aid of Perdi- 
 •and, who woaid not refuae hia aaaiatanca 
 u long aa the Bnglinh crown waa held in 
 raapanie ovnr Kaiharina'a head.(«) Every- 
 thing, whether it were eona|iiraeiaa or 
 revolM, attotnpta againat hia crown, peace 
 or war, mercy or despair, puniahmenta or 
 rewarda, treatiea, marriagea, or even deatha, 
 beoama aubjacta of gain to Henry i and 
 what hiaaubjecte called rapacity, ha dIgniSad 
 by tha title of policy t like tboee ataveo, 
 mentioned by Taoitoa, who called rcpoae 
 the ailenoa of tha tomb. Two men, Bmp- 
 aon and Dadley, ware hia inatramenta; the 
 one vindictive and revengefbl, the other 
 hypocritical and cunning i both excellent 
 lawyara, who employed their talrnt in por- 
 aecntiag innooaooe, and under their tuition 
 the young Prince of Walee waa to learn the 
 art of oppnaeing the nation. Numeruua 
 apiee, like birda of prey, deatinad for the 
 royal amnaemnit. fbrmed a part of their ataff. 
 A citiian, on being arreated, waa allowed 
 to remain ic priaon nnleaa he purohaaed hia 
 liberty by giving a Urge aum of money, 
 called, in the language of the day, a 
 eoMiwainoa. 
 
 At i later period, Bmpeon aod Dudley 
 became themadvea informara, for by vktua 
 of a eommiaaioB given them by thi^ royal 
 matter, they aommoaed the aeeuaed to 
 Ihefar lealdanfle, whom they there examlnod, 
 Md wtehotti Jury or evidenee, oondematd 
 to aa enormone iae. Trial by Jury wia 
 no eeeurity to dM oitieen, fbr tho Jnrj- 
 vera liable to be imprieooad, did ihay daro 
 aequil a priaoiiar thai had been cwivieted 
 beftmhandbytheeowt. Inaddltioatotiio 
 ^Hut of aaaiaaa, where Brnpeon aad Dudlaj 
 &poaed of the liberty and oeraaioaalljr 
 of tba Uvea of the auhjeeta, there wm a 
 aafaMm where aete wtra fabricated, tnma* 
 formiag private property into royal flef^ 
 and tboa giving oeeaaipn to inaumarable 
 hwaoita whieh iavariabty teraiaaled is 
 fhvour of tbs oro«ni.(*) Ho minor, who 
 waa a ward of the crowa, oould no), on 
 Bttaininn hia a»\aiAtf, bharit hia pro|ierty 
 
 g 
 
 >) Kapbi de Thoyna.— Hamiu 
 ') Liagaid. 
 
 I without paying a heavy 
 tingle inetaace, during hia long reign, did 
 Henry grant a free pardon. Lord Bacon 
 onoe aaw Bm,«aon'a account in which «Mh 
 article waa thua aignad by tha aoveraicn i 
 
 " Received of N , Ave marka to obtain 
 
 hia pardon, which if not obtained, tha 
 money or an equivalent ahall he returned 
 to him i" the wurda " or an equivalent" 
 being written by the king in the margli. 
 A few graina of gold, adda the chaneeltor, 
 which lloiahed by becoming a niOHntain.(*) 
 We have alao aean tha royal aeoounta. wliick 
 muat have made the chancellor blaah, where 
 the prince ia proved to have ui^uatly ex- 
 torted money from hia lubJeeU. The toU 
 lowing ia from hia accounta i Carell and hia 
 aona are condemned — It ia not aakl ftnr what. 
 If they pay £1 ,000, they ahall be pardoned | 
 if they have not the eaah, Henry reeeivw 
 a bill for £900, and £100 ki ready mnaajf. 
 A Carthuaian monaatery, petitioning far 
 the confirmation of ito priviU^fee, ia reqnivad 
 to pay £5.000 fur it. Tha Bidhop of Batk, 
 on taking poeaeaaion of hia aee, aagagae 19 
 pay £100 annually to the crown. TIm 
 Chapter of York aalioito a royal fhvoor 
 and obtaina it for 1,000 marka. The EaH 
 of Derby bega for pardon t the royal heart 
 ia touched, and hia pardon granted for 
 £0,0000 
 
 We muat not, like Lord Baeon, call domi 
 enraee on the roiniatara, for Henry waa tho 
 moal culpable. When the ParUameat or 
 a Jury waa aaaembled to judge any graal 
 erimimd eaae, Bmpeon or the Atlomqfi> 
 General would intcirfere, by aayiOf t " Go 
 
 (•) Baeon. laiga of Henry VII. 
 
 {*) Dndlnr'aaeeooMti Carell aad hia aook 
 fkt theirpaidoa, £l,U0Ot laoogniiuioea, £9M, 
 and £100 in money. Pardon of Knoaworih, 
 £5U0t fhoie, aOOi Orowa, £189 6a. 8d. 
 An aManuui of London, £300. Biahvp of 
 Oarhaai, aa bideatnfia, tor whkh ho waa 
 to pay tha ktog £900. Tha Abbot of tha 
 OlilereUaa, far coaBnaatian of their frinnhiwa 
 «nd Mivtkfe. aad the ftecdea of olaolio% 
 £ft,OW. Cardinals. Bath, aceordfawlo agrae- 
 mant. £ftOO. P.C. for hia |iardan»800 ma^ 1 
 obl%Mion, £1,000. Biahop of Baih, £I0Q 
 par annum, ao long aa ha ahalt be Mdtop. 
 Diaehaifa far buying certain allowm contrary to 
 raatraiDi, £900. Pur the kbig'a Ikvour in the 
 daaaeiy ol York, 1,000 marka. I'ardon for aa 
 aldermaa, 1,000 marka. Bari of Derby*! 
 paidoo, £S,00a— Brit. Hue. HaiL USk, 
 V.19I7. 
 
 m 
 
 ■ i tf anf H i 
 
uri or NKNtv viti. 
 
 /l«M nanir I* in ih» king '• hand i" »•) 
 
 n othtr words. " WiIUmb Har|Mr U MouMd 
 ■f Mo«r, or trcMoa, bat h* (■ In Irtnljr 
 villi Um klnci ha hu offmd him 300 
 aMrhn, but tha kinff wnnU 400 1 Iha nwlUr, 
 will, bowavcr, ba mMMRad.'H^) Or •gnin. 
 ■aett a ona haa eommiHad fratriaid*. but 
 tho orardar raual not b4 nvangad by Ibo 
 enlprit'adaathj thara it no /•■ l*liMi»i 
 tba murdarar la about to purehMa hi* 
 Ubartyt ha baa only £a» to oAr, baian • 
 poor laaa, in ordar lo aflkoa tba bnnd of 
 CU« from hia fofahand. and tba klof bM 
 •gfMd to Moopt it. Wall alffht wa aak 
 wbat bad baoom of that baauUftil adoffa 
 •r MaKoa Cbartn t " NuUi Tandaoaua notun 
 Mt Juatieiain." An and to anob inlqnitiat 
 4t laogth anivad. A proj to a diaaaaa of 
 tho ohaat. wbieb bacaoM woraa arary wintar, 
 Haary turoad hia ayaa townrda atatnlty. 
 .WaniBRa wara not wanlioK to tba mooMobt 
 he WM aot cut off by Providanco wiibout 
 Mtic«b M ba biwaelf bad cut nff poor War* 
 vtok. PraMharaadiaoniahadblmflroaatha 
 pdfto, and aibortad bim to pnpnra tut 
 dNtIk wbllat ba bad jat tima. by tola of 
 mlUHllnii to tba laoooant aufarara. To 
 •ikn Ua cooaoiaofla, and to ba raooMtUad 
 to Hasfm. b« pardoaad all offbnoaa agalaet 
 Mm mwwii. aab paid tha eraditora. bom tba 
 privy puna, of aU that ww« eonflnod fcr 
 r 40a.(«) Ha atao daaiitd Haniy 
 Utoiion for all tho wtoimi* Us 
 eonaiittod, but bia test wiahM 
 
 ooiapllad whh, A fcthat^ 
 
 4iliM4,lilwarguik iMladk*, art tiMMiktad 
 «Mithohloodi thoPrtMool WalMihM*! 
 klMair to b«» worthy aoa of tba lari of 
 nohMMl.bf 4laohi|iof bio Mkm^ 4yii« 
 <iiMirtitfa « . WIm ^nowa, had bo bata 
 «i||bloaa pravloaa to bis frthar** daotis 
 wholhar ba would bova waitad (br that tvwit 
 to aacoaad to tba orownr Wa dMuUl 
 wh^M. hm aaaa bim aettii* up tho 
 jihiaa of hk owthar, aa bair of tho HooM 
 •f York,MVoHlaK aRtinat bla fothMr. M tho 
 
 (•) llokinc UMk tba matlwr faito bis owa 
 Iwdta. |iidlbapriK>narwaedisi&aiMd,ttMB 
 
 „ (k) Per thtMnl^ of WUHam Hanw. «)• 
 Uaywiia. Msa's asMpaa, «a« uhic oMi 
 
 (•) Boaoo.— I4B|taM. 
 
 kinit d» ybata, aud uot db >r«, Impaoa 
 and Dudlay would dottbtlaaabava attad Iha 
 part of Tyrrall.aad with th« Irat bolMar 
 bora sufboolad tba aatbmaiioaoyaroiffo. If 
 auoeata form tha provldaalial aplaadour of 
 aquily. aa aoma blstariaaa of tha lastarioliat 
 aobool loaob, Haary dsaa r r a d tho noma of 
 a iraat kliHi, Ibr mmv «m prinoa mora 
 proaparoosi bat ho !■■« aH aWa to that 
 tltla whoa wa laadidat iht hanMi opprsa* 
 aioB wbtoh ho amoisad oosr hk aubjteta 
 dttria(|anigooftw«aty.feuryaaf«. Whilst 
 hia MBBiaa wart balaff inuMportod to that 
 ahapal at Wartminatar, Itbarty was dylog 
 oa Iha hiKhway. with Ita olaah traaaplarosd 
 by tha sword of royalty. 
 
 If. Oulaot baa tniibfyiily daaeribad tba 
 Irat pariod of Iha rolfia ol tha Tttdors.(<) 
 Powar. uador Hanry VII., tha fbuadar of 
 this bousa, bad baemaa aysianaiio in iU 
 absolullsm. Haary broka thoaa laws that 
 ha had awom to aMlBUla, aad by tanor 
 and eorraptloB auaoaodod la parrartlaR his 
 sul^)aeu. Uadar tho FlaataitsBOla, tha 
 Commoaa bad g)ario«sly dafbadod thait 
 prhrata tifhta. tba hovaoi of pitvala oltlasaa. 
 aad ladlvldnal Ubarly i midar Haary VII.. 
 thay wUUagly laldaMa thair popdar mia. 
 aloa, aad bw a m a tho la ati w t ata of a 
 tyiaat. U was FirHwasat that pwradttad, 
 ■oawHaisa by ta sBiaa»MM l laao t^ a i s s by 
 Hs DO QpiraHia. tho vinimia of tfwilihis 
 of IUmi^, pr o pn ty . aad s o asripw. Ths 
 naniila aotMoaad thali f fMoataHvM la 
 vahi. far aadi WM tha k>«r«» arMi whWi 
 Haaiy had l aip l nd t h wa, that thiyartBslly 
 
 WHIVRB m^^WM^^ VHP ^W^W ^^^^^^^^^w • WW 
 
 ^^4ik mmm tl^^^H^^ late t^^^jA^m 
 
 la mDmi mMO PMf laa viMi oiwpapsfi 
 
 •■'• ''' 'la. 
 
 iwtte**** 
 
 Iwo nag wat PlPyy^-_"l l P^^^ i*^ t^ 
 
 AnmiiIm 
 aulMaffo tHkt patpltl H «frM>iii»> 
 
 •poa Us (HNrt tttKtftfn ipM.'IMp^ hit 
 « Ml was lilt viMliNtaMidi 
 
 N) ll.0atttl>8 miHilwdthtOtiaiiM*«a. 
 
 a vMt 
 
 ^•) 
 
 V <■ 
 
■el itjmt. Impwa 
 iuttbilMilMv* Mtod th« 
 1 wtUi tb« im bobtar 
 MlhaMiioMvaraico. 1( 
 rovldtalkl •pltadour o( 
 awtaM of tlM HAtorUliM 
 7 dwtrwJ Ik* BUM of 
 
 lotiuu 
 lUrllMkanMi opprtt- 
 wiM4 turn Ml wbjteta 
 'mif-hujtn. WhUn 
 «inff timmp ort wl to thai 
 istar, lib«r(y «m dylag 
 th iM «lMk maaplamd 
 
 iniiliMy dMoribad th« 
 r«i|iB of tho Tttdon.(<) 
 tf VII.. Ih« fcandar of 
 MOiM ayiMBkUo In ite 
 J broiw Umm Um UmI 
 Minuln, Mul by Urrar 
 leoo d oi t In porrwting hU 
 tho FlmiairtBOla, tho 
 ariwMlf dafcndod Ihoir 
 lOVOM of pitvolo OMOWM, 
 riyi ndUr Hoary VII.. 
 hMo tkolr popakr mi»> 
 tho i Mt w o rt o of 
 rikMMnl thol pMraaMod, 
 Imm^mmI MiMlliMi by 
 • vkMiMof thoilfhts 
 f, tmd m mtk m m' Tho 
 r«M«|atf«M In 
 
 ■ Iho u.«rat «Mi whWi 
 I tk^M. IkM ihaVMiuallw 
 
 ^Mlftl ii Mm Ml dfc 
 
 F^^^flWB^* r ^f^ ' *^^^^F '^^^^ ^^^^^ 
 
 ^Jt^ ^^ ^riM^ hio 
 
 Hint 
 
 Hliltbo 4i hk O^ililMi^ 
 
 ^'^^\'i- 
 
 LirH op uimut tiii 
 
 in Eofopo (>) Hli l«Kioy to hti ton wm 
 dttpollam, ararlco, and lyMnnjr » ami yiit 
 (traoffo to Mjr, h« found > caUbratod arobk- 
 tact, Torrixiano, to aratrt to bia mainorf 
 ona of ih« moat aplandid monumanu that 
 Chriatian art baa ovar babald, io tba Cbapal 
 of our Lady at Wcatminatar AbbayK^) 
 a Laiin poet to oalabnla bia fajiM,r*) a 
 
 (a) HamM.— Hanry. 
 
 {•) ADioii|lh« MH 4. in the Harleian Library 
 I* «n aecuunt ol' (be «i|MnMa incucrad for tha 
 aliikk>«li wa thara aee that uiidai Turriglano 
 thttia workad " Lawrrnca, timbtr kvrrar, for 
 waking ilm patrona in UmiHtr i Humphray 
 Walkvr, founder i Nicholaa Bwar, ooppar- 
 tmilh and gililar ; John Ball and John May< 
 naini, palniarai Hobart Janninga and Juha 
 Labt-na, mairtaf-naaaon*. Torrigiano rooaivad 
 £IUU0 for tha 'omb, (£6000 of tha proaant 
 ooiaaga.i— Hanry'a HUtory of fliaat Briubi. 
 
 (•) Tba (bllowlng wora Aodrl'a raraaa an 
 Haary Vll.i— 
 
 Priuoapa, ioganio aitanta praaiana 
 
 biabop to praoeh bia funaral aaniMO,(d) and 
 Lord Bacon, m an biatoriaa. 
 
 Fama, religiona, comltata, 
 
 8«n«u, auiguina, gratia, daeora. < 
 
 — Bril. Mil* Mna., Coti. Domii., A. XVIIL 
 (<l) Wa •hall quota a faw linaa (Irnm tha 
 (Uncral aarmun preachad t*y 'ha Biahop of 
 Ros'h«aier: he thiis aliudes to Henry VII!.! 
 — " That jiiallce front thancaforward might ba 
 truly and indifferently aaecuiad in all oantaai 
 tbiki tha prumutiuni of (ha church, which vara 
 in hi* dispuaal, ihould ba th< .cefurward giraa 
 to abia man, who wara vtrtuoua and wall 
 l«Hriiad , that aa to thoaa who wara in Jaopardy 
 from hia lawa for thinga formarlv dona, h§ 
 would grant pardon ganarally to all"— Haria 
 M88., n. »W. 8eo Turntr to bia lltatory of 
 Kngland daring tha Middla Agaat ba baa 
 girvn an analyaia of hia principal atatulaa 
 paaaad in tba raiRn of lit-nry VII., and tha 
 ra|ulatlona raapaoting comoiaroa and nari* 
 gatiun." 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 OORONAnON OP HBNttT Vlll.-l&OS-lftU 
 
 Aaaaaalon of Hanry VIII.— Hia abaraatar.— Tha Royal Paainy.— Hanry'a Miniatara.— WaihanMr 
 Ptw.— Howanl— RaibaL.— HarbarL— Poynii>ga.--Tha King'a marriaga.— Hit latlar to $m 
 Cardinal da to RoHra.— Coronation.— AJtaradon of tha royal oalb by Hanry.— PaativillM «t 
 Waataainalar HaU.— Arraataad axaantloa of Impaaa and Dndlay.-^Tba K.ing'a am«aanMnlh«i 
 Hia faaonrilaa.- Wtilaay.- Liiaratnra tai BniJaad at tba dnM of Hanry'a aaaaaaion.— Biw 
 Tb amaa !(«(•'— Linaan.—OoUat. —Tho Monka.— Tba King paironiaaa Uitnlwa. 
 
 T» king worn out by aRO ud anskty, 
 tboro weeoodod ^n tho fAth of April, 1509, 
 a yowBg priaoo of olithtooa, whooo atto o ato n 
 waohi^withJoybyaUpartiao. Monnt* 
 Joy wralo to KrugBM » iloaeiiptiai of tho 
 popalarfMliaiiai *■ I do not foraaMoatBt 
 doahl, btlovtd Enumnii, that yow ntraw 
 will bo iaddooly ehangad into Joy on hoar* 
 luff (hat Howry Ootanu*, at tothtr Oet»> 
 yhu, hu WMeeedod Ua fMher. OhI if 
 you ootdd but witnoM tho hoppinma of tho 
 poopio yon aronld troop for Joy. Hooron 
 •miloih tho oaitb loapo with fflfedMOo, ovory 
 thlof aoaoM lodolrat with na^ hoMj. and 
 
 Honiy, wboB^^EnRland thw wolooi^a^ 
 wao OM of tho haodaomaat yotti« hms o( 
 hio day.(*) Hio flgaro might ho tm^ 
 oaUod Aagle-aaioa i ho had • mbooA 
 Iwrohaad. arohod oyobrowo, aa i!yo of toadv 
 UiMt hio ohia craaiaoatod w*»h dowa ia 
 lioa of a boord, torgo ohaaUori^ aad a 
 mioa altogothor fimiBiBo. Ho iiiiaid ta 
 bo OBO that laviahod aiaoh tiaw oa MaMotf } 
 hio TolTot eap, wiA a pIuoM of oottkh 
 fbathan^waa pUtrod iaa ooqoottigh atoatMr 
 ovor hia oar, aad biamantla foil. 4 fmp^ 
 nth, ant hio ahoaldora. Ho wao oop 
 
 .(») Sondomodo 
 
LIVI Of BIMT rilf. 
 
 ■Matad OM at tha baat bonfman tn Knu* 
 knd, Md V aaa oul with hW ynang courtlara 
 il waa kir itoaatbla for a atraiiMar no* to ba 
 atraak bjr bla baalthy aad awali aftpaar- 
 I Mca. Ha waa atykd King by tba womaD, 
 bafoft hia aecaaii<>n.(*) But if obaarvad 
 nihat cloaaljr, an iapatiaiil livaHoaaa waa 
 obacrvabU ia hia auasar ; lika hia fbtbcr, 
 ha fliMld look no ona in iha fbea i hia ayaa 
 biinkad ineaaaantly, aad ba waa ao aoeanlrio, 
 Ibat hawaawDBt to giva abort and earl 
 fopUaa whan a Mora daiailad anawar waa 
 •spadad. Thara ara aitaat la England 
 •id batbid% in wbi^ tba poat r^iraaanta 
 tho Piteaa of Waka laaving tba palaoa in 
 dlifnlaa(^) to atudjr tba waala of bia fiitaro 
 Mib|Mt>t h«l ba waa inrariahfy diacovtrad. 
 Hi* gMoa aad aflbbllitjr of maaaan, and a 
 cartaia ladaaeribabla aomathing about blm, 
 ' »ot oaj^ batmjrad tba aovaraign, bat won 
 fw bba dia adniration of tba paopla.(*) 
 Jaatai UpahM aatd, that If tba MMaa of 
 aU tba |Mlaoaa that bad maritad tba tltla 
 «f *Tba Good," wara pfaMad witbln a 
 Hamy'a woald ktm bald a eon* 
 |daca amoag tbon, if, raaon- 
 kMag tba pevtrait dnwa of hiai by aoaM 
 df Ua eoatamponrlai^ ba bad died after 
 a niga of twa yaara. Tba paopio, iatoii- 
 catad witk bopa and }oj. p taaa i d romd 
 At ywng priaea, whoa Umjt aeeompaaiad 
 la tta palaea. Haary loat no oeoaaba of 
 dMwIag off to advnalaga hia aobia aad 
 ipily lg«N. Ha waa paaaioaataly land 
 (iCgB aatl«a«Mfdwaa,gaaaraUy ttaad iifl>* 
 m Mahaiaaa hi hoallagK') ha «« a g^ 
 bMHar,(*) pinyad baUa wall, add val an ai- 
 ivith Iha bow, Bon wMk 
 ,thaaoii«iriHn- 
 Mof Yotk. i^hl have oaa in^ftmmi • 
 9MMa af giaat aaaaHaaaa' ta Ma iHpMr^ 'ay 
 annhu fatth hia pntaaaioaila ttitf thiMnb 
 •id awald hava baaa a mom 
 aithor fTi-T* 
 
 Ca 
 
 •Mi 
 
 MaJaotial. 
 
 npa^t H—erial. 
 
 M aiaiitaMa b ^ iiMl a : baiaoaeflM* 
 
 had af the ebaaaiaad aavar iadulgaa bi 
 
 wi^oat ibigatep aMt or laa 
 
 aiaaok inuMtaM by Tamer, hi 
 
 HeiuyTIII. 
 
 Hota h M gr aatdiMgbt'labawBag^— ld> 
 
 Warbaeb. Ha waa, ib wal b ii, daatlwed for 
 eecUataatieal alata, ao that tbara waa 
 probability ibal ba wowld ona day 
 ba PriaMia of England and Arebblahop of 
 Oantarburyi bia adiwation waa la ewnaa- 
 ^ueaee aaiiraly elarieal.O Ha eoaraienced 
 chanting al aaven, at tan, be bad hia part 
 assigned hia la the ebolr of the eha}>rl 
 royal, and at twelve cumpoeed maaaaa. 
 One of bla aatbama la atlU aaag at Cbriat 
 Cbureb, Oifbrd. eonpoead wbila ba waa 
 Duka of York i(f) " Lord, tba Makar.'H^) 
 Henry dieplayed great ^itiitide for hM 
 tbeok^ikal atodlea. He bad giraa to bia 
 tba " Samaa" of 8t. Tbootaat wbiob waa 
 atodiad with anoh avidity la the aUtaeatb 
 eentary. Tba " Angal of tho MMiola** baa 
 aolred In tbia aona of tbo bmni profound 
 ■tyaiariaa of ptyahoiogy with mmk dUaraaaa, 
 aa to eauae the atodont to baai t a te raa|ieeting 
 ita being a Dhriaa r a^alat i an. St. Iliiiaiaa 
 la tba graat type «i the aaiddla aga% aa ba 
 waa tlM Ufa nd aeal of tba t b a da g lnn of 
 tbeaiztaaBthoaMary. DwiaHUh»faU|ioaa 
 diaevaatona of that period, ni&lsvarlahly 
 fbnnd \ktk none of tha priatH who i 
 
 Henry waa oua of hia I 
 aadyalhaMIi «• ahall. hill»«WMaf 
 thif Ualory, ba wm 
 of U» M^ 
 
 (U^^df Imi jribafa^ aba fla^ i 
 
 ■■ ■ - a. -_ *■ ^^^^ l^h SuMlft A ^a^^^ Akl^^ . 
 
!• lwMMron« SMlllMd fof 
 
 talc, M th*l ihtn wh 
 iMt ha wowld una day 
 •mi and Aralililahop of 
 lucMton WM ia euna*- 
 Inl.O H« eowiMnMd 
 
 M Un, ha had kia part 
 ke ehoir of tK« th»^l 
 ilva compoaad maaaaa. 
 I la atiU mum •> Chriat 
 lompaaa d whila ha waa 
 OLord.llMllahar."(») 
 
 ffa«l q^wda for hia 
 Ha had «!«•• la hia 
 Bt. Thoaaat whiab waa 
 avidUjr ia tha aixtoanth 
 )||«lo(ilMMMH»la'*haa 
 M ol tba Hoat profound 
 
 HM^J 1W9VB i^'iW*" ^^WI^Bw ^W^^^^ 
 
 ml to haaila la raa|iaetinf| 
 r waiat t aa. 81, 'Thiiinaa 
 ' tha aaiddla a^ai, aa ha 
 MU af HM tMcngiaa of 
 T. DwlMUhfl*dl|ioaa 
 paiiod,l|iCil«nrlaMr 
 tka pilatll «Im I 
 »da»li tl UL 
 iai 
 
 ll Ml 
 
 ura ov ■KNn vtti. 
 
 Lulhar. and andaavoarinir. Ilka leh of 
 lofioihUMll, lo dafaal lil^ advaraary »tUl 
 quolaliona from tha Pathcra. Tha raadar, 
 if uoarqiMiinlad with Hanrjr'a attalniBfau. 
 wiU Bol ba a liUla aalonlahad al hia thao^ 
 loKleal knowbdna. and parhapa ba inolinad 
 1(1 iwliava that hta work waa written bjr hia 
 almoiiar, or aoma ottiar biaiiup i hwwtvar, 
 inch waa not tha caaa. 
 
 Lilaraiura had baan arouaad tnm lia 
 lanRthanad alumbar, during tha laltar por- 
 tion of tha raiira of Hanry VII.. by tha 
 ganial haat of tha Italian aua. Dirinlty 
 and humanity had at that period aa thalr 
 rapraaantatiraa, Warbam, Arohhiahop of 
 Gaatarbnrjr, Lord Moua^oy, Sir Tbomaa 
 Mora. WUIiam Groeya, Thomaa Uaacra. 
 WUIian Utimar. Richard Para, and Coth- 
 harlToMtal. of whoaa ebaractara and worha 
 w« ahall praaantly apaak. Thay bad ul 
 bran ootdially laeeivad by Hanry VII. 
 Braanoa, than in EnKland, had baan pra- 
 aanlad al- court, and wa haira a iivtiy 
 daaorlptio* of tha royal baally in hia 
 eiirrffapoBdaiMa.(*) Tha old kinf, with 
 hia hair Rrown gray through griafi tha 
 youBf Duka of York, than only nina by 
 Ui aida. aipraaainff hlmaalf with great 
 aaaa and graoa in Latin i aaar him Mar- 
 garol. wIm waa abool datan and who waa 
 •Aaruwii aMrriad i* JaoMa IV.. King of 
 •eollMidi iud at a BMa diatauca Mary, 
 malt jtrntgrnr tUm, pinyiaf with bar 
 dolL Ha waa tattudoaad by Moan^oy 
 to a«r Han^i irha roeolfad Ma aa ona 
 jHm iMd M Mu iepaaa w prtM* » % wd 
 Uf|t4 aa • kmMv. to ba allpvad to 
 aonai|inritf wWk Up. Thia praponal fro« 
 tka yowif priata Inamaa asa6|MkJ wiib 
 aUoMaaM piUa. Tha cMM did aol 
 fotgal Ua pnaiiia% nd a yaar aAar Braaoitta 
 dMwad Bhbatd PhM.(») wMk ftdinga ax. 
 ptaaalv* al rinoer* Jvy. • laltar from tha 
 MMa ef Walflb wiittM la daffanl LttM*) 
 
 ,^ (*) tmtin't Life of 
 laliaani Boiahamo. 
 
 i*) RnmA Splat. Can). MogsBl, p 241. 
 
 Kai^l, Oaa Uhau Irawt. 
 
 (•) l>fia«afa Hantlaaa, Daaid. 
 
 uadaowMut daatlMtmaw 8. 
 
 TuiaptaHfaMwiama lilafiaaAwta*, JlaattiaiBM 
 
 Iraama, vdaaa ^aai at fanuallorwi aat quia 
 
 at raptto.TMiMmtar aaaiatai, at Ineidai aba- 
 
 4|aat ab 
 
 It waa 'ialigbtAil to aaa tha myal flimily 
 . at Oraanwloh i Hanry VII. migfu khaa ba 
 aaao in hia natural oharaotmr. Inataad «i 
 tha aualara monarch, ha waa tiSa kind in. 
 duigant fhlhar, dalighting to play with hia 
 childran. Tka Couniaai of Rielimond waa 
 ona of tha nraaaanta o( iha aourt and of bar 
 aaa » aU waa agouatomw? lo riaa at aii. a«d 
 apaad an hour ia prayar i bafora dinnar H 
 waa har cuatom to raad a book of roadita* 
 tioa.Ci) 8ha fad and elothad arvaral poor 
 familiaa, and though tha king's motbar, 
 praparad thalr madicinaa with W own 
 hand I aha araa a graat paironaaa of litarw> 
 tura. 8ha aatd>liahad two profaaaorahipa 
 of raligioua inatruatlcn at tha nnivaraitiaa, 
 aad foiindad two oollagaa (8l. Joha'a and 
 Chriat'a) at Carobridga. Braanua oom* 
 pooad a baautiful apitoph lo har mamory.(*) 
 Kathariaa, Dowagar Prinecaa of Walaa^ 
 and tha alHaooad brida of Hanry, waa Highly 
 aooompliahad and a modal of arory Ibwinina 
 virtoa. 8ha iroaa at midnight to aaalal al 
 tha dlviaa ofliea, wora tha habit of tba 
 Third Ordar of St. Praaoia, Ihalad avary 
 
 aolarti pramaditeta Jndicantnr. fit aMai, 
 naaoic an» paeio, al qnw ab jj g a ni aaia Akiba* 
 rata, dadiilora daprimuatnr opari. atua parilav 
 affMteta aacuMi afftmnt diAttniiaiia. finm 
 mm tarriori aiudamna aloquio. aublarAiiit art 
 
 daa. 
 
 lata polial, 
 
 ilqnat, et 
 
 Mm apanna ilia, clantuqiia dianiSt ai^ 
 San laa iai hail apiaiuU quanitai vanaa. 
 Mdial, laaiom atfam mA p a rapiaa a Uata 
 llonat, Bt ji^roraua cmaa paaetaoi lariaaa vldw 
 aria .Sad quid ago tiu.w lamtam nua •anai' 
 diam. taim par totum tamraa ariwai a<l 
 a^Uiiau acioatiar Nihil quao aqaldam la 
 {nam laadam ^fh^mm, qaod tam oanaaMaata 
 btbtearadMaaaMMbdigauBait. (»i«raiuaa 
 lMH&a amiita. da qaihna tOaia «Mina pato 
 fate himto parei dieara.— Ramorm illm «» 
 morta prkKtate Oaatalkwi ragia (PUIippi) mat 
 ftalrii^ padlaa pmitoMraa daaidaraiMai. 
 kMfl a a ta q at w as taialiiarfa oppida faiTttaa 
 MWpetamt aad a«m atlaam aat anrlua auiM 
 
 aat aiaua varum ad noa feaa toliamt r lln»> 
 qaaa aaiik po*t charth l— a matr kit martam. 
 naaataa hae vaait hitWaa. Id aairlMk at va- 
 rum lhlaar,knie litararum paiti fcvaham,aatak 
 
 — ,--— . — -w-— — ...-^_a aadasarM, ra- 
 Moaia vii« cat. VcramtuaanarliaaBtviaa, 
 mortailbawratahaherlfiMaat TavampaMa. 
 aa^aa aabia HtMria tiniitea at qna anat iaiio 
 ■ova, aad JnoNndtavi Deua furtnnat ana- 
 nmaua mammata digna aockdariet. Valo. Hz 
 Richamandig. ir JanawrU.— Brami RaM. 
 Para. U. Rpia. «l. ^ ^^ 
 
 («) Tytlar-a LUb of Hjitry VEIL 
 
 (■> Jartk'aLiftiof'- 
 
Ufa ov nam tui. 
 
 FrWky wmI flatyr^j, M«l Ml cnlf brasd 
 •ad mUar ua Ui« vl|(tU of th« foitivala of 
 ••r L*il/. Nil* rvMivtd Um M«r«nMiil •t 
 p«MaM<« t*i«« • wMk, •nd (b« •dorshia 
 McranMiH of ih« •ueHartal avvrf 8uiid«y. 
 nil*. daily ramtad Um IMtU •««• of tiM 
 Btoaaad Vtrffia, apanl Nvaral boar* at 
 chttfch. aad afUf Unas', auuU sse sf htt 
 bdiaa-ta- waiium rwad alovd IIm " liraa of 
 Um Oaioto." Aflar wbicli alM rttaraad to 
 cbufitii, wImn Um alatd tiU •upf«r-ilnM.(*) 
 In addtiloB to Ibtaa CbriMlaii virtuaa, 
 Katbarina vaa a Rood wliolar, \' t n&mma 
 ia to ba a*«dlMd.(») After baviiiR rtat] bia 
 Latin irMtlaa ob " f r«« Will." aha rt- 
 f iMaud Vivaa to tMpnm t9 Um wrtliwr bar 
 Hrvat drliitli* la llw war1i.(«) 
 , lUnry VII, aalaotod Joha Hbaltoa, da- 
 aeiadad tiw» im anciant CuMb«fiaad 
 famit^, aa lutor to Ui« yaupff prta«a.(<) 
 Sbaitoa waa Um Babataia of Oraat Britaia. 
 aa a«oantfi« aa Um eui^ of Maudda, aad a 
 aoat uaiaaroUU aaUriat. AouHcdinf ut Um 
 tutor'^ aoeooAl, Hffui y was binUf arrnw* 
 fikktd aad Uw iJul of Snubad i C*}' b« la 
 ike pralaad by Sir Ttiomaa Obal«««r, arho 
 ia» bowartr, cawlid aaougb to HVaowtadfa 
 tiial Um jaaag nMUi owaaionaily oManUttod 
 
 TIm m» Ujin'a 4rat aeta tood'«l to eoa< 
 trp Ika lutpaa of tha natioa, for Uanry, 
 mibiiS aotordioR to tV« advie* of bia Kraiid'' 
 ■mUmt, ealteil to bia coaixil omb balwrad 
 % Um aoaittry i Warbam. ArakMUiOfi of 
 fPfrntm^mt, waa Bomiaatsd CbaaaaUori 
 
 Jte 
 
 .5? 
 
 Da Sfllikaaala A«|liaa««, 
 l^taaWt doata.— Kraa. K^ M l«|it, 
 
 Vtfaa.BpM, Kov. IMft. 
 [} MoaMaaia feaiaia Blrtltoaa ■a«fa»'~ 
 
 ^ il««aatWiai(oa)M!)raftadBatod 
 
 rbatorieiaa aant^rw ^ Uiaaarrtoaof iha kia«. 
 — Waitoa'a HMory of iBgliab |w««rir.-~tat 
 alae iha oda of Kraaaraa, cniiUed Da laadfibM 
 BritlaBia^ ragia^M Haarici VII. ae Mskmna 
 
 (•} AUbiaatt1i|i«ctoaadba 
 
 Meat toTinghr afrea 
 
 Widi vbola baart and trtM adad. 
 
 Tiajr lad hia gmM ao kind i 
 
 Whatawhb ha dolb ibaia Uad 
 
 All bonii to b« taady 
 
 WiUi kiai to :iva aad dia I 
 
 And to aaoad tbaii baait'a Wood 
 
 Wiib biai in all diainai. 
 
 Dttk* vl J Uaa a.— Cbalo B wr. 
 (r)Stfjpva'aB«e.llnB. 
 
 Fob. Biabaf «f Wlaabwta*. Batfatory a# 
 tba Saala t Um Karl af Samy. rtoamrar i 
 Um Karl of Kbrawabary. Or«Jid Maatav af 
 Um Ktna'a liouaabold \ Va Tbewaa l««»l, 
 OorarBor of tlia Towar i tad Mr Idwatd 
 PojraiBfa, Co«)rtrdllar (t) Brataiaa baa 
 vaaaMd aittcb tba abUiUoo af «ka Arcb« 
 y»bdi» ef Casisrbvry, «b8 ««4 vcU r«r»rd 
 la oaaoB law aad tba Fatbara. At labta ba 
 waa a aUl tB R. aarar driaklai «iaa, and 
 ■ayinc aaaa intHntJ^) A&Wa to bia la 
 feriora, kiad to hia aarraato, aaaiaro ia bit 
 aM«at% a dt|ilo«Btia* of aoaaklan^la ahilt, 
 bo iraa aUll a aMMi «f Um «wM. 'fba 
 arebbiabap't Wtlara ara wHttoa hi a livaly 
 naaaar k **0f wkal t aail l ara Utoaa atoaaa 
 to yo« ) >^bi}l da »^ . 4a wM>i Um« \ I 
 aaad y«o Uiii^ a<;.,<«ao to pMiM of tbaai.O) 
 Eraatnua otod to vrito la Um aaiM to«a to 
 bia M ama aa i " 1 lM«a na a attad Ika bataa 
 vitli wbieli yow4p*M Imm H MWlad toil 
 ha ia by »« aM4»a haadaaaia, b«i ha la 
 f «Mid, and ha ia iaeliaad to w VMftil U% 
 aava it ba flattoiiy i h«vf««p« h« faaaaaaaa 
 •11 iha vittaaa af a gaad fwUMMr) ha la 
 pmdani^ hwaUik aad aUhi r*A MMIar 
 kklu! vm Wtab^tO Imb^ dadlaatod 
 awafk) al hia waiha to Uto aMhl4ah«f^ 
 via., hia •^St. JiatfHBa." aad UMlnmlaUoaa 
 n« •LiKdan." Uto "RaaiUNtMd iM I|riU> 
 IIMua af BeriiMM.'* WvUa, •! a lata 
 how to ax^iaaa hiaiiaiil«dathMii||MM|lfM* 
 <!«ptod Um l«flHrta% Umn pi ijlMil Um, 
 oa aaadHkHi UmI lb t w » '!» Ui l«ni, 
 
 foaa4M» aoaw ■w ay tnUali h« fM* Mm>J9^ 
 ■lehaid Pm, OaanHM tf Ikii fM«f iwi 
 ssdar Haary VII« a Hwmyda •hmmMi 
 Biahoji of ftaih Mi WatkOwlMi^a^ 
 WlAchaitart bad \mm jwilayii m nawa 
 EMBOttaiift ai^aaatia ud ■aaaUkUaaa. Hi 
 Ha wM mn^ iMMvad ^ lifHMi M iMl nu In 
 8i:oUaiad.OflifiMMr«aiNaM«l|MteK En 
 pioponiMi to Wtnam'a Wta Ite I 
 waa Poa'a tiuto aviaaid fbf 
 Ba waa a naa ol p aliah ad 
 lacUaad «a avafiaai af Mad Mlitt; • 
 aiaoara Uaad to Um ailBa^ iailaaa a# hia 
 
 WHWM; 
 
 lortta'aUfbfff 
 
 XnaaU Ma. XLIT^LM. 
 (k) BnaaU^ YUM. tlT 
 {>) Bapte da thuyiaa. 
 
flMliwiMi, Bmmtuj tt 
 rl af Samy. tnmmtfff 
 r«b«rf. Qhm4 Mmmt of 
 mM I Mr 11m«mh I<o«»1, 
 r«wwi Ml4 Mr Idwitrd 
 «lUr (*) IrMdiM* liM 
 • sbUMiM •! «k« Arch. 
 iiT, whe VM veil t«r*««i 
 Im Pstlicf*. Al uibt* ka 
 ■r 4rUtkl«|| «iM, «nd 
 ^) AAkWa la lila l» 
 •amata, avaiara In hl« 
 iaiaf aaa«klanbl« dliiU. 
 M of Um «wM. YIm 
 « «ra wriilM i« a liTCljr 
 
 > o^.dawWn tlMai) I 
 Mm M pliU af Omm.O) 
 rrila ia Ika aaiM lam (a 
 
 MVS ViMITM iIMI KWMi 
 
 la h awi iaa u , ImM Im la 
 Aimti to ae «MMd aU^ 
 
 t fa«4«MilMiMr» ha la 
 
 vka t» Ika aitllMakoii^ 
 
 Mb** aad tfMtMnahittaaa 
 "RaaabaadliyilAI. 
 i> WhmHi ai a loaa 
 iiadiadk laaciiiMilir ••> 
 iH^llwa p iaiMi l Mia, 
 — la 1^ tata. 
 
 iar(Haa«riMf»i«tlM 
 
 ■• WaHii IHMipiiii 
 
 raawaaaaia ti a l aft iq 
 Mia'alaraAti 
 ariaaad fbr 
 
 la Biiaaab Jattnt 
 
 ftMM; a 
 
 ▼UL. 1. 11, 
 
 Lira or aiKir tut, 
 
 vmnUf* fl4rf, aai f«a4 af literalara, af 
 whMi Im wowUI Imit« Nan » mora i*4Mrt 
 IMlron, had ka no* b««n •« mii«<l mncli up 
 wild lh« pulltkM of tha A%f.{») 
 
 TliaaiM Haword. Itri of lanay, was 
 Ilia aon of Um Duka of Horfr'.k. who fall at 
 Btiaworth wkila Achlin^ for Riehard III. 
 Tka aart wu takan prtiunsr, ami on hia 
 batng aakad by Iha Karl of Uehaioad why 
 ha hail aarrlad trma in Ikyoav of a uaurpar, 
 hn rapliad, " Princt, ha «fa« lajr kinf i tha 
 Parllamani had erowoad him. tharaf)>ra I 
 atnfad him raUhfulljr. Skoutd tha PariU. 
 ■Mat raaoffnlaa you. I ahall do aa ainak."(*) 
 Tkomaa P^thal. LL.D., wm ranafdad aa 
 jaa of 'Aa moat prufnund profaatora of 
 canon hw In Bnglaad, and la praiaad aa- 
 eaadlniriy by Btvamiu. " How oomaa it" 
 wroia ka to bin, " tkat I am dadiratlnff tka 
 mlauitkropa to you, who ara a pbila«lhro> 
 fiiat, jMr >— alfcaca f '(«) 
 
 Lord Harbart Somaraat, bad atudiad iha 
 kiatoriaaa, and. piavioiia to bia atoratloa 
 to powar, bad laaraad In Ika aakool of 
 TMtua aad Livy bow kiaga and amplraa 
 ftdl. Ha fall pa taaad ad that H baborad th» 
 aiinlalar not to ooacaal Iba tralb tnm kk 
 aovaraicn. and bad oftoa aatod aaadidly 
 with tha late nMnarab, withoal baing 
 Uatonad to. CMr Kdwnrd Poynlaga. aa old 
 atrvaat of Iba oroam, wu aa admit ia da- 
 fiM<Bnt a altadal m la govaraiag a pvorinc*. 
 Hi bad gonrnad Iralaad darioii tba but 
 raliia, aad aa aat waa paaaad ibrougb bia 
 laiaaaaa. problUUag bilk b^ng praaantad 
 It Iha Irlab PkrUaaaant an tbay bad i«. 
 aalvad tba appiaballoa of Iha king ia 
 C«aa«i!,(*) aa laipertaat waaaa i a, calaubtad 
 to aa yp iaaa rabalilaa ia ttal proviBca. 
 Uka ktt vataiaaa who bava apaat thair livaa 
 la tka auap, ba waa omn altcahad to bia 
 rlhaalaMaeeNMMfy. 8a«bwcratba 
 rhoaa tha yawig yclMa oallad to bia 
 aoaaaOi M waa aa aaiMlaal aalaoion. 
 •nd tba paepla a tm— < pa ap at wia daya, 
 prarMad tka Uag MMI Ihatar adviea. 
 
 1*) Ammaataa Ki a waa. 
 
 Kaifht 
 . . MiAtfaLUaofSanay. MaaMinofiba 
 Oasrt af Han*y VlII.,ikfMra. Tkamaoa. 
 
 U) Ykatba«N«aqr iMnPaiMaiaantikould 
 ba.kaUiaa. aapkipaf tha aett proaoaad to ba 
 pMBad abould ba aMt avar to Knannd, f 
 apfftobattMi of Um Ua« aad aoateil. 
 
 «!!#" ' f >- 
 
 fWika 
 
 llaary, Immadtataly after hi* ■ . -^{|. 
 daath, loat no tim* tn tafotminff ih« Rpant«8 
 amb«Ma<l<ir, PiMinMtida, of hia attaohmaitt 
 to tha Infanta, anti prajrad tha Privy Coaaail 
 to hurry on hia union with Kalh«rina.(«) 
 tn wittch ohJ««iMnt vara ■'.ill mada, on 
 tha tiruund uf ihsir rvlallraahip i but to 
 iht« tlia prin^aaa'a adviKa'.a rapliad by tha 
 diapaiiMMlonof Joliua ll.. tba oatb of tba 
 pnn<ra«a.(') tha daolaraUon uf tha kiB||.(l) 
 ■lid iha atAnnaUon «f rrrtain m*(rona tkal 
 iha m«niag« of PnOM Artpur had n«*ar 
 baan eon«ummatad. Tba council aceurd* 
 logly gava tbair nnanimoaa roaaaat to iba 
 king'a marriaRa with K<ilbarina.(^) It waa 
 acoordinjily ■olamniitd on tha faatlval of 
 St. Damahaa (1 1th J una), al Oraanwleb.(i) 
 Tha briJa «aa draaaad ia white, aa a 
 vi7gin.(J) Hanry loat m< tima in annona. 
 eing hia marriag* to tka (^diaal da la 
 R»vara in a latter, of which a copy ia 
 ■till prcaarvad at tha Vaiioan. Ha apaaka 
 in a aommcndalory piannar of tha vUtiiaa 
 of th^king of Arragoo'a daughta^. wlioaa 
 ka kad aalactad la kis <vifa, but aaya nM a 
 %tfrd aaapacting tha daciaioo of bia aoaaail. 
 It aaama tkroaghout to hava baaa diolatod 
 by tha aiubaraat baart of a loving 
 youtbftil buabaad.(k) 
 
 [•) Pola Ipla. ragU .<>'. 
 
 /> Polyd. Virgil. 
 
 'ff) " Yau youiaalf oonDMaod tkal aba waa a 
 Tirgta whaa you ni«rrla4 her ■. aad tfcki yaa 
 ■ala to tka anaaror, tka vary lut paraen hi 
 Ika world to whoM you would kava aMMtioaad 
 It, kad you tkan thongkl af tha dirofaa.** 
 Pro nnilaia aacladlftMicM dafenatoaa. 
 
 (k) Lingard. 
 
 (I) BaraaldM,aaaaaladbylliaaStriafchaid, 
 IV.. n. 
 
 !i) Randara. 
 k) "Tkal yoar maat ravaca ad lorvUMip 
 ailgkt ba ialhraiad of wkal kaa kappwiid 4n«a 
 Ika daatk of oar moat grackMM aavat a lg a and 
 Ikikar. wa kaira lo tail tuu ikat coMidafiag Ika 
 ■raat aaoaliar.«iaa or tha mcM illnalrijaa 
 Prinoaaa Kaikai4na, daogkiar oT tha King of 
 Anagoo, wc rsfaiiariiid kar wartky la kicoma 
 anr wifc. Wkaialbra wa ka*a ban •aponai'd 
 aad mairiad to kar, and bava baan crowned 
 Mtgaihai with kari acaordiug to MMtaot, to Ika 
 giaal Jjcw, asuliaiiaa, and aroianaa of ika 
 wkola or our kingdom. Uf whkh wa kava 
 ikooikt iX aaal to write to yoar moat rcvoiand 
 lorddiip, wka, baiag a daar fHcnd, will ba 
 pleaaad to kaar af our kaMiaaaik" Piaw our 
 paUca at Uracnwicb, Jnly Sik. IMM, ia tha 
 liat yaar of oar raign.— Codas. VaL tUO.. 
 
ufm n» ■■■■! VIII- 
 
 _. uuf«n«tt««t iottk p\f m hw Aaj* 
 «ft«r th« fnarm««. 'In 9l»» of J him. Hrntf 
 •■4 laltMrtna •mlMrli«<i M (ir«Mn*ich,(*) 
 •M WTiMd M tlM ttto**r, wbw« tiMtf 
 ■IMHrucKla had Im«« (iM|Mr«<i. Th*f 
 r«imrtil*<l llMra till ltl« IfHtl, wh*n tba r«r. 
 fitf* pnMtMdMi thrnu«h Iha narnn* Mr««U 
 ol iM oiljr, wht«h w»i« a*r)i«t«<l »«i W««l- 
 MrinHM'. ()«r.ihUl wm Miitnicd m If ll had 
 bMn • itay of feaUvitjr i th« ro«u froM 
 Comhill M OM ChaKR* wa* lt««<l villi 
 maitian* h<>ldtii« liauqutU in ihair haodii 
 the qMM'a «arrta||t waa «lraini bjr a pair 
 •r wliita horaa«.(M fair womm, a«f* 
 Uarbari, rauid hav« oontaalaH tlia prlM 
 ol iNMUtr wlik bar (•) « H«ar7 took Ika 
 rmmnalioa oalb at WaalminaUr Abbay.(') 
 Ha hnall for tba rtramoay. " Vouiwaar." 
 •iMMandad ilia Arcbbtahop of CanWrhury. 
 ""la dafoiwi Iha |Wtvll«g«a and Ub«rtiaa tbal 
 Idward i(i«t 1 onfaaaor a«id lk« moiia lila 
 aoaaatoia uranlad ««. tba ('liurch, a« wtU aa 
 to iba olariiy of Rfif land f "(•) " I •l/Ht." 
 rtpllad Heniy. Tba arabbiahop tbaa raad 
 •lottd Ilia fomiMlo of tha oath, tha ttrinca 
 Mfmnimn It aftar kin. with bia hand rtatiag 
 MtlMaliMr. HIa Kraca, aftar having placad 
 Am •*««■ on bta h««d, tba nn« an hia 
 •offar, nnd tba acaptra in hia kaad, aaid i 
 " Riaa, and kaep your word faithfuUf. and 
 Mflapt not tha crown utilaaa jroa ara datar- 
 ■liMd hi haap tba oath yo* hava )aal 
 tolwa.T) Bol tba oaremon/ waa ararcaly 
 iMHiUMtad bafora Henry ooiainamlad tba 
 «ipf af tha ooronatioo oath to ha bro«i|kl 
 U Mai than, oloaatad In hia raoai, ba 
 tkmmi ika aacnuMntal formula. H* had 
 
 fa> llU4l«!i:il M8H., IM. 
 
 (It ttriiikkMd. «MaMafBaflaM.lT.lft 
 <■>'%•] Tkara warafew wo«an wku oaold ooai- \ 
 Hia vMCi Qaaaft Kaihariua whan la bar priwa. 
 
 fd) Tbia aalk waa not th« aaaM aa that 
 lakas ^ IUȣ John, who do^laiad that ha 
 IMM ^ kiafdoai aa a laf fta« iba Holy Saa. 
 «• And of Ua own ATM wUl. and by Ika oaMBKMi 
 aawairt af hia baiona. ha aoadlHa and firaalT 
 MOMa la, Oad and Hto Holy Apeaiiai Palar 
 Md PmI, aud Ika Hoiy Hoaua Chwck. hia 
 lothaTt aiid «o oot lord Fopa Inaacaw and hia 
 iWMiVMfa aU tko kingdom «f Knfiawl. ud 
 aH tka kiii«dMn of ln-ia»d with iMr rifliia 
 a»1 aM«iilaa«nr«a{ wiiiak ha noaivaa Mid 
 kaida nani tho foaaand tha UtiOMUiChaiah aa 
 b vaaaaL"-HotfaMhi4.-Fei. 
 
 Hohnahad. i 
 
 U " -»■ - ^ I 
 
 » 
 
 •worn la " waiataia iba Uha»tiaa of Holy 
 ('4iMfah. iroMtad hf tha aiMnawl Chiiatiaa 
 kinfe 4if lnKlaadi"(f) ha ad>iad "aa(a«aa 
 ihay will not ba pra^idictal lo hia Junad'a. 
 lion and royal dinnity (*) Ut had anr»m to 
 "mainlahi paa«a batwaan Mtily Chareh, 
 tha (Urgir, and iha p«<>plai"(i) for Ihia ha 
 autiatiiulMt that ba aliouid " andaavour lo 
 wof k with Iha paopla and alarny undar tha 
 ru/al d<iHiinio«/'()) Ha had aworo lo 
 '■ mainiain Jnatloa and acuity, and yal to 
 ha oMwcifuli" (k) thia ba allar^d into a 
 pronilM lo "grant marcy U» him who, 
 aceordinf lo hto coaa a t a aa a, ahould marlt 
 lt."(i) Ha had awora U "maiaUtn ika 
 lawa of Iha kin«i!<M» and liM aaaloma of 
 Iha BolMn )"(-) •' witbtfMl prijvdtea," ha 
 wrota, -' l<> tba rigbta of lk« arowi.. or hia 
 imiwrial di||otly."(*) Hanry. aflar awkiaf 
 tkaaa allataltona, einaad tba bouk aad aald 
 nut a word of what ha had d»aa. Tha 
 •aa<lar may wall aak what baa baoomo of 
 Ibai candotir sf whioh Skaltoa aaad w 
 vaitnl ao moab, aa appanni la klo p«r'.i i 
 whtia with bla moalli, ia tha pnaanaa of 
 Almighly Ood at iba altar. h« waa ta p aa t 
 inn tha oath af Idwar'i Ha CoaCmaor, ha 
 waa comintttiaf par)ttvy m hia haart. 
 
 Tha faailvtUaa wawaaaacad at tba aonalt»> 
 aion of tba aa r aaway. Tha kiaf aad 
 qtiaaa voaa phand m aa a l av a idl data la 
 WaalaiaaMv Hail. OpfaiUa tfw tkroaa. 
 i^Mtfag Mi aad «|||a wlaa. 
 
 (ff> Tbal ha Aall kaaa aad w ay a l aai tha 
 rU^iaad iha Ubartlaa af haia CiMMb af aM 
 lymi^ arawMad by tkt t l ^ t uu m Otetaiaa 
 kinai ai Baataad. 
 
 {*) Mat HtdadyaiaQ I 
 dimi^ryair «aa/ — 
 
 ^Triiai ha dtoM L_, ,__ . 
 
 Okuiaba aad af Ika alMOft,«|i «r 1 
 wttkiModi ^- 
 
 aalta 
 
 (k) 
 
 atayiia aad ri^ Ja«h% «i% 
 ■ a w ia. . 
 
 (I) That kadkatt ia, ai mit a g inlllaaa. 
 aotaaa, ia all Ua m jy il ai a , amdlgr. dght aad 
 j«Mlaa.Aawfai|aMnb i^kira b lo W abawad 
 
 and cMloMaa af dw Nklaia. 
 
 la) That ba akaU pnumlala haldtta lawaa, 
 aad aMpMvyd ouauaaa cf Iha laaki aad taw. 
 
 AiU and aat ytn»idhltMI •» Ifi ' 
 
 Imnaiial daty. 
 
 ^ya UBialga jly h i l l ll ii aad 
 
 Naa AppaaMt (K)> r; 
 I dtoM kapa mfm «Nm kaUa 
 
 •f Ika alMOft,«|i aT'lltfaapk 
 
 S'i)'TlMl ha ahaU ladklMl* ttmt^ ^"^ 
 ta la hh vi0nai9, mt lamfaiall' i ll | ii>>- 
 (h) That ha%MI 4a i»,hia JMMaaala 
 
 •latrB Of 
 
is Um UW«iM «l Half 
 
 (f) ha siKM "M (mm 
 •^iiiictai to kite JuriiM4^«. 
 ii)r (k) lit |ia4«wi)nito 
 MlwMn Half Cli«reh, 
 |M><>pl« i"(<) f<tr IhU h« 
 •lioaid " •(MMvuur 10 
 k aiKl (UrKy under th« 
 I H« had •warn la 
 Mid •^uUjr. sad 7*1 t« 
 (hka b« ailAnd inio • 
 I marejr kt him wb«, 
 lOMiaaM, thould mrtl 
 am ','■ "oMualatn ik« 
 m ftod tiM soatom* of 
 »iili«nt fr.y^dlm." h« 
 i|« of Ik* tfowis "r HU 
 ) Hanry, aftw owkiof 
 iiMd tbo bouk aad Mid 
 kt H« bad d»M. Tba 
 k wbiA bai baoaoM of 
 kioli SkalloB Mad !<> 
 appafani la W» p«f '.i 1 
 nil, in tha pnaanaa of 
 la altar. h» waa fa p «a t ' 
 warrl h« CoofMaor, ha 
 }ury .A bl* baui. 
 acBoacad at tiM aoaaln- 
 •onjr. Tha kki( aad 
 
 Opf»«lia tta tkroaa. 
 
 lag Md aa4 dMM »laa. 
 
 OhihiM 
 
 Iba 
 
 >Blalw»lM h i l i llu aM 
 
 4alg-pw#g tp_iMtta 
 
 fight aad 
 10 W. « ht md 
 
 paaala la hahltta )a«M> 
 H cT tha laaki aad law. 
 M h|a amirn af 
 
 trl iilm 
 
 UfR or 
 
 Tha iniiaptl ■oundad aa alana, ami Mvaral 
 f<mi*K man, ai'raptuoualjr alad and wall« 
 mouniad, aniarwi iha arana. 'Ilia trurn|ial 
 a^aiit auuadad. I'hafa than a|ip«ar«l on a 
 toarar, oovarad wuh gnUi tUtih, a woman 
 boldinff a rryataJ ahiald la b«ir band 1 aha 
 ^. VM la rapraMot Mlaaraa, Tha inddaM 
 daarandad tha tu,^ at har paJaoa, ap< 
 proachad iha hinf , aad praMntad to bin 
 ■ii oliamtiiona, who ofbtad. with 'Ulr 
 Mvaraigii'a parmlaaion. to dofand Iba 
 honour ut tbair aolMtial mtatroM acainal 
 •n/ rival. A ho<!)r ot knl||hu than ||4l- 
 lopad into Iha arai.a amldai a Auuriab of 
 trurnpata and druma 1 on Ihalr baada wata 
 gold Mp«. ornamaatad wttb pluoMo of 
 whila faiihara. Einbl of ibam advrnrad 
 lowarda Kalharino, and baaoughl har to 
 grant tham iM-rmiaaion lo diapula tha poa- 
 MmIoii of tba eryatal shiakl with Mkoarva'i 
 ahampkona. Tha lournainani than oom- 
 mcnccd, littad tdt night, and waa fad- 
 Jnaroad till tha (ollowinn moining. i)n tba 
 morrow, aa tha oonibataata arara aAlarlng 
 tba llita, tha Iruiapat aoaadad Iha afrtval 
 of tha fiiraalara, who hmu||hl wUh thaui t 
 trioniphal car oarrfinK a ra^a of wtid bwalt 
 tha door of wbieh waa 0|Maad at a givaa 
 ■%ual, and tha abiiivala, oa aalaring tba 
 eireoa, wara hiUad trlth darta, aad aipirad at 
 tha faat of tha quaa* aad har Ia4krt af 
 boiioar.(*) Tha paapla. ta whom tha Uag 
 had coartMoalj upaiiad tba §it»n of Waat- 
 mlaalav Hall, riappad thair baada aad raal 
 thaahPwMi thair ahaatai hat thara wara 
 '' eartata ta#tldaala amaaff tha laokart oa 
 who aM»i< aot thate aaw^wgayaa ffoi tha 
 raftl ptfr. Afltr Iha ISMtiviMaa, Ibay awl to 
 coaaoct Ihair aa fh tlaai plol Thafar atHa 
 lien had haaa prlaajpally aalla4 to Um 
 dHhreal aUhadaa ■ h w iw J bf iho klag 
 
 KalhMh««g mkom iHMt Mite drtis 
 
 MMIWMi X^ MON MNT pwMHMBi WM IMHUI" 
 
 (holy aad pooalfa, aol aaea oo auch aa 
 aaehaai^af a canal word wMi Imi huHoa 
 la attaadMMai it arifhl lum haaa taid 
 thai Ood had vooahtofad to ghra har a 
 fUiapaa of tha fynwityi whllo Hanry, 
 whaaa l aal U ti ay* waaaa|tair*d la aeannbg 
 tha bmrf of woom thai tJM tho bexa* of 
 
 <•) 
 
 RM.if KMuyTlir. 
 
 MIT am. 
 
 Iba amphithaaira, hardly aaliaad bia yooai^ 
 aad luvtly hrtda. Out phllaaopbtaal 
 dnamara aaamfd III at rati, and furiMW 
 thai, «o<>n<ii at laiar, hia liaaali«uan«M <»f 
 li(a womkJ ha a aourtia ot ||raa« unaaalnaM 
 bt Kalharina. To win Ilia affbrlliina of bla 
 •gl>)«4-i9, lieary efjaHrnsed tha awnasly 
 thai bla fathar on hia d*Mh had grantad 1 
 and a ^wx lamaltoa, aAiad Ut tha walla of 
 tha aburchaa, raJlad 00 all thoaa who bad 
 l>a«n ruinad by tha lata guaar nmaat lo Mnd 
 in thair oomplalnta, prnroiaing ibam jua«lca 
 and rMtllution.(^) Thia auppoMd aol of 
 good fballBg aad aympalhy lowarda op* 
 prMo<^ iaiiocanaa oooMlnod a taara 1 Iba 
 klMK navar InUadad to Ml up to tba pro- 
 olamallon, bai daalrad to obuin avl-laaoa 
 aifainal hia lata faihar'a inatrumania. 
 
 Tha paopla wara olamourlng loudly Tor 
 Iba puatahmant of Eini>f«ia and DiidUyi 
 ihair hlno<l alona could waah away tba 
 cHmaa of tha dacMMd monarch Tba 
 aaoaaad wara arraatad and triad •Imulta* 
 naonaly with Ih* promulgation of Iha pro> 
 elataation.(*> KnpMn, aftar haarlag tho 
 Indictmantv lafandad hinMK with grMi 
 aliiqnancai ahowad that hoth ha and hia 
 collaagna had only t«aoutad tha la<vi of tho 
 eoonlryi that If tbay bad diaobayad tha 
 hlaf. they voald hara baan guilty of 
 traaaoa 1 la a arr>rd, that t My bad only baan 
 tha do«Ua laalruBMnla of a enial and fmh 
 hapa o^|a«l tymatt thai thay had ai^| 
 haaa Iha aaoeatota of tba royal wfUt i^, 
 prwfad of hf ParUaoMnl, aa It hi h o a d i 
 thaai ai loyal aahfacla 1 that thair ooadafli* 
 naiton woaM hoaa inaidt to tha iianry of 
 tho d w ia t iil aMioaiahi aad that laataM (rf- 
 Mbig Mat to tho aoalRtId iar havlaff oboyod 
 aidKHil laonauring ttotatoa which tliay 
 had ao right to Jodgo aa hmg aa ihoy wara. 
 la farca, thay ought to ba rowatdadC^ 
 liapwa waa right) tha pHaelpol «alp»U 
 w*i«> rapoalaii qaiatly la hia toaih at Waal* 
 niaalar 1 who araa thata aoflelaatly hatdf 
 to vaati^ to diatarb hfai aahaof MO 
 tha paapla alaaoarad for thair blood. 
 Thajr waio aol lallaflad wkh havii^ a»> 
 poaod la tho pUtory, Witt haviag I 
 
 i 
 
 tiagaid. 
 If«Bia.-> 
 Hatwart 
 MB'aBaparta. 
 
 •1 H«BM.—LbiBai4. 
 
 Hothart'c Lifii of Hwry ▼HI. 
 
Lire ow nwnn thi. 
 
 throuih iha •treat* of London on norM> 
 bftck, riding baokwuds, tUa kinfc'a lub- 
 •Item' aKtnU, known bj tha nam* of 
 promnttrt :(•) but blood for blood, teara 
 for teara. la tba law of the people. Could 
 Eropaon and Dudley, protected and en- 
 couraKed aa they had been by the Uu 
 monarch, be condemned ) Tba eommiaaion 
 aoon came to a daoiaion { thay were aecuaed 
 of high treaaon, in endeavouring, on hia 
 fathar'a death, to leiae the king'a pcraon 
 and to take poaaeaalon of tha executive 
 government 
 
 London and England had been threat* 
 •ned, withoot their knowledge, with two 
 dtetatorai tha one (Empaon) tha aon of ■ 
 dollar, tha other (Dadlay) the aon of • 
 lawjrar. Witnaaaaa ware eMily fbantl, 
 who awoN that the priaonan had engafH 
 thair vaaaala to accompany tham to London. 
 They were eonvlctad. Oodlay waa oon- 
 damnwi at Guildball. on tha 10th of Jolf, 
 Itat, and Empaon at Northampton, on tha 
 XVI of October, but thdr execution waa 
 dalajad at tba prayer of the quean, who 
 «M yet too lovely for her teara not to have 
 ■DIM aAot on Uanry-C^) h ia aaid that 
 DikUajr, while in priaon, wfota a political 
 
 aphlat Mti^ the " Traa of the Rept>b- 
 irhidi ha addree«ed to the kinf. «7itfi 
 r to obtain mercy, but it never appoan 
 Ittlinra reached the monRrch.(*) Woold ha 
 lUivn looked at itr 'llie priaonera. «n tha 
 gmmV&ng of niriiament at Baater, (Iftth 
 April, iSlO.) were triad for an inaolMry 
 crtoaaO and convkMd. Henry wooM bav*' 
 iMM aadtitd iHth fhaconflaoation«f their 
 proper^, batbavlng beahimport oua d d tilfto 
 one 0f Ua aunlto^ a^rnsna with oo*»' 
 plainta and le a wn atw ^icea, ha aiipiad Urn 
 tar their exoeutioa, and they «••• 
 
 (a) "Promoteia," beoanae they pnmoted 
 auy hweet men'e vezatione.— Aieh. Brit., 
 
 xxyf4, p.sn. 
 
 >.|k) Stowe'e Anaala. 
 
 ■M Blof. Brit., v.. p 435. ^ . -^^ , 
 (<) In 1^ aye of the law their effinU to 
 eaftnathatewatdnoteoBetitttteaertoN. To 
 flate^ |ooplaa|roandlaea and ridleuloua 
 prMenoe of tnaaonaMe eonapiraoy waa pro- 
 femd agikinat tham; there waa no diflcul^ 
 in flttding juriee to convict them of any oAnee. 
 and even the Pariiam«nt did not •oraple to 
 Mn i* tha. fmeral Im mi ctr-r^Aukm. 
 SXT.,p.87jr 
 
 accordingly hanged al IWer HUL Tba 
 people were quieted, tha witneeeaa laoaived 
 their pay, and the Judfoe oontinued to 
 occupy their perjured eeata. Tha blood 
 •bed at the Tower afforded a plen tut not 
 making any raatitution to thoaa who had 
 been the unfortunate dupea and victlma of 
 tha criminale.(*) Their property waa eon- 
 lUoated, and a portion of that belonging 
 to Empaon beatowad on Sir Henry Wyatt.(( ) 
 
 The peaoe whieh England enjoyed at thie 
 period permitted tha monarch to indulge 
 hie paaaion for plaaaura. For tba flrat two 
 yeara of hia reign, the hietory of Henry VI 1 1, 
 only praaaote one oontiuued aariea of balla, 
 toumamenta aadfNtivitieei white Kath*- 
 rina waa reciting her houra or knaaling at 
 her pm Din, Henry waa up and on bona* 
 back, armed with a battla-am, or dooMa* 
 edged *word, to oombai for t^ priw 
 awarded to atrength or agility. ' AfMr • 
 t»w paaaee, hia advaiaarjr wonlAlowar hia 
 arma and aoknowladga himaalf t B w | B a w d, 
 tba tmmpet would aound n iowiah, and 
 tbo conqueror ha aaintad by tha oMwd. 
 On hia return to tha pa to aa , aftar lUMrlng 
 bean cheered by tha pa*p1a,,ha wonld Ind 
 • poetic apialH wiltun by • foat in di»« 
 treea, oelebmlinii hlattfaimj ' 
 generona and dhq itnaad 
 folly t and ia tta avaoiag 
 aloud by oaa «f hia 
 
 Fas, OB aaainf 1h». 
 d aaan e ad nMotar had takes tiifii im^ in 
 aniaaaii«apeataohaa(ilaaaly.«MMiMMn> 
 almta with tha yooan piiiMak .Ip^ jEbary 
 OBl|y hwghad at thaoU ■HMi»««i|i hi ^H he 
 waa ■14«i hr hie i a »o tii» M . K |H» Mat 
 btttaMMrMwdmaMMlvlflf latntytwho 
 boM AgMcM te tha bat vi|pi«i tlp- 
 WMRwdoB of avariM m^ <o.hli 
 nnwimagaaaa to pny tjNa «mm iMta^O 
 Tha and had hm aia a rtww jg W i. Md 
 indalgad tfw fcn d aa of hia young m u tt u 
 gnva him sMiiay whan bo raipdradi mi4» 
 hke a ahadaar, ntvarlaft bin. 
 
 The Ung wia fraatly WKMgrvd with 
 
 Cj Herbert— la(*|ter XIV,. LMgiJauo 
 naif. 8ut HeR7Wl..4,% 1%W ^ ^ 
 
 It) Nott'a life A Wyatt— Mailoiil o( tha 
 Ooort of Ueai» Vill.. by Mia. ThHMHt. 
 
 W *ft¥ *(Th^P^, J ,: \ ., ,,. ,^ ,: 
 
 «iilM#'hi> 
 
 ^ 
 
viirK or aiiiET tiii. 
 
 •I IWn HUL Tb« 
 the witntMM NMirad 
 I Judfu ooBtmiied to 
 red imU. Hm blood 
 ffordad » piM fst not 
 tion to thoM who had 
 I dopM Mid vietimi of 
 bolr proporty wm eoii» 
 lion of that balooKing 
 on Sir Henry WjrattC) 
 tngland oi^ojrod at thia 
 « monarch to indulge 
 ure. For the flret two 
 ihiatorjofHenryVllI. 
 ntiuued aerlea of balla, 
 titritieei while Kathn- 
 ' houra or kneeling at 
 r waa up and on hone* 
 battle-ase, or dooMo* 
 xmnhai for t^ priaa 
 h Of agility. Aflw a 
 enarjr wooULlowar hie 
 Ige hlmeelf e ow ii i a w d, 
 aoand a toofiah, and 
 Minted hj the emard. 
 lepa l aee , after hawing 
 pecp!e,,he wonld Ind 
 tun hy • fmjt i» di»> 
 »ttlara|' 
 
 Aa amigf iriiiM# W* 
 d iakaa aaA aan* in 
 
 laMMuilM>'> >JHf> ■••! , 
 ^Ivliif flWRiytWbo 
 »«lwlaatvdl||tt Hatha 
 F amriM 9mi§ to.|i|a 
 ly t% aiomileUa^O 
 md 
 
 I of hie jrotuHl niMhMV 
 
 thMi h« f8qairediMi4» 
 
 rlefthin. 
 
 paatly twtogpi wlili 
 
 WvM^Mwiohieltha 
 t, by MHk 
 
 Fox, who waa erar finding Ihult, and the 
 good old man, perceiving that hie reign 
 woulil not be of long duration, appointed, 
 aa Almoner of the Royal Houaehold, 
 Thomae Wolaey. the eon (it waa aaid) of a 
 butoher at Ipawioh i(*) a atudent of Oxford, 
 where at fourteen he had taken hie B.A. 
 degree, aflerwarda fellow of Magdalen 
 College, and then M.A. He had been 
 entmated with the education of the three 
 aona of the Marquia of Doraet, who pre- 
 aonted him with the living of Lymington, 
 in Hampehire. Having been appointed, 
 through the iatereat of Sir Amiea Fawlett, 
 Almoner to Henry VII., he attracted the 
 attention of Fox and Sir Thomae LoveL 
 At a later period, comroieeioned to nego- 
 tiate the marriage of the king with 
 Margaret, Duoheee of Savoy, be waa eeat 
 to the fmperor, that priaoeee'a fhthar, and, 
 aa a reward for ahowing each great taot and 
 poliey in the ftiUUnMnt of hie embaeey, be 
 waa oraated Dean of Linooln, and ehoitly 
 after Prebendaij of Walton Brimhold.(*>) 
 Wide^ fUt hia patnm'e death aeverely. and 
 iHien hia body waa oenvayed tii the ehapel 
 which atill beare hia namoi the bachelo# 
 look part in the mHg», with hie Bioviaiy 
 in hia hand, praying devontly for the repoae 
 of Heary'a aa«l.(«) Hia pragreia and taan 
 ware aoon to eaaec. Henry VIII. gave hia 
 AloMNMraeaaaptaoiie pahwa. fcrmeriy be- 
 hmgiog to Empeon, near Bridewdlt • tmly 
 priaceiy abod^ aunoonded with traaa, and 
 aittiatad ea «ba baaka of ika Thaaiee. 
 Wolaay boito ffar hfaMdf a yet aon Biattti. 
 loaat jMlaeak Hf ha aapired l» tha Vatican. 
 The poata khd araiy reaaoa to aing tha 
 pralaaaofHaBiyVIII. TlMptiaoscoafted 
 than with M nraeh MeUaity aa kb did the 
 fair aei. Jiia palaea wna aver open to 
 tfien. Bany aooghl to diatiagoidi Uaa- 
 edf ia tha arena of thaaiogical ooatroveiay^ 
 aa ha had done hi Oal of toomaaMata^ but 
 hi aaal itot with aaeh aaay di^Mtoila ia tha 
 lielaof tha fbnaar aa ha had daa^ ia tha 
 Ha waa MM «r tha aiotl aaalona 
 tt hia Biaate^ St. 
 Heary'a hoapitality< to tlM 
 
 (•) OavMuUek 
 "Oweeai 
 
 taOa aa Oat Wobm waa 
 
 CMMpa Howard. 
 li«a £id praybf 
 
 indeed have exereieed a happy influenAi 
 over the development of literature. 
 
 England waa now on the point of flinging 
 aaide thoae feltere of igmmnoe by which 
 ahe alone, of all the nationa of Europe, had 
 been ao long enalaved. For nearly half a 
 century ehe had been indebted to Italy for 
 her literature. In U40, we And Williaai 
 Oray, Robert Fleming, Biehop of Ely, 
 John Free, John Ounthorpe, and John 
 Tiptoft, oroaeing the Alpa, to atudy at Far- 
 rare, under Guarini. JuntorO In IMS, 
 England had but two aehoole, that of Eton, 
 and King'e CoUcga, Cembridge, when 
 Latin wae taught, and a fiw of the poeta. 
 In the Paaton Letteia are two Latin vereeat 
 written by aa Eton aeholar i and Leland, 
 in tha IV. volume of hia " Collactenea.*^ 
 baa given a eatalogue of worke beloagiag 
 to the monaateriee and eoUegea in which 
 mention i« made of eome tranelatione re^ 
 eently publiahed in Italy.(«) lliie intd- 
 leetual ■tovemeat made hut littla pragreaa 
 in the reign of Richard III. AU thatwaa 
 taught hi the Awde, eaye Wbod,C) waa 
 taniahed and inaflhotaal, and Greek waa 
 nearly flngotten. But Uteratora revived 
 at tha eloae of Henry VII., and Engiaad 
 aeeaud to oomprahettd the ne c ae eity of 
 aaeooiating with Italy in the taak of a 
 literary reganeratton. Soma of her prdataa 
 opened a eorraapoadaaca with tha Ulrnli 
 of Floreaea and Rone. Eraamaa waa 
 delighted at Oa movaaent OambrMga 
 etudia4 Hoaaer, aad Oxfbrd oooinMMad da 
 Arietophaaee i aa aeqaaiataaca with ancient 
 authaM waa reqohwd firooi aU aquiramato 
 ccdeeiaatiealdigaitieataad bafera Heary 
 VII. had daeeaodad toto the toah^ BoglaaA 
 aUa to boaet of eoBM of bar I 
 
 hi ptofhaa aad aaerad 
 of Aaea aot a f^ warn gaeiia •! 
 Henry VIIL «Mltoa'e paptt waa-dillghtad' 
 beyoad H i a aawi a at tha airivd aTlhoaa; 
 Englieh humaoieta, who had h4m pleaaM 
 at Fhmnca, at the opaa^of tha mMt^ 
 ehui Aaadeov* fnaadad bf iMnaaca d» 
 Madiaii^ i* thair iabad hoaM. tha veil 
 that haA ao ai ia l a j natlqidty flaoi their 
 gaia hid baaa #ilhdiaw». Vatii thaav 
 •ntiqnifyhad a^aared to them aa wall aa 
 
 I 
 
 ;«) ttelbm'e IUMmt of Utfl(atai»> h 
 *J HaUaaa. 
 
 '-) .Woad^AHMh^>r4aiNi^'-M: 
 
UWB Of UmWKt TIIL 
 
 «« all HMt eemtrjnm, tsvand wHh datti 
 Md elollMd in ikt dbkct of 8mM and Da- 
 nadMi boi at Ftoranot, wImo atUnding 
 Ik* ■■■aml^ fNwidad orar by CSaracKio 
 Md Politiaa, thajr had aaMi it in aU iu 
 mdlaat btwitjr, procaadiag fion a briubt 
 aloud aarroiuidMi by a eircte of poata, hia- 
 teriana. philoaophafa, and ttataariea. Tba 
 fU>la of PygoiaUon appeared to have baaa 
 lapiatad for thaaa nobla pUnrina t antiquity 
 waa iwivad, it livad, it morad. it apolia. 
 Btary waa moab plaaaad witb tbia raault, 
 M w« lanm froaa Braaoinai who waa than 
 IB <iN|lam>' Naarty all of tham had. on 
 fapaaaing tba Alpa. brang bt orar with tbam 
 •aoM mamaeripta, and aowogat othara thay 
 IfMl not foTgottan Plaio, whoaa phllaaophy 
 Ikair bnd atudiad OMlar thn flovantina 
 pnaakit 
 
 Pot the but tan oanturiaa, A r iate tl a bad 
 nignad alona in tha acbook i hia Ungdon 
 iMi now nanaead 1^ tba introdnotion of 
 Vlnlot aot only in Bngknd but in Ffanoa 
 •Ian. U wna tba apooh df a naw pbilo. 
 Mphf , a d dt aaa a d to tba fanginatioo, and 
 wUelH ndMitlingtbaanilnt of iDrat, animd 
 il thancMaof poararin tbaaonl by aadorinf 
 Wa baf* aol forgattan tho 
 by llonn^ to Eiaanma 
 ahoHlj aAw tba aa^aaalan of denrf, in- 
 iMilr hfan to floaan and raaida in Bagland, 
 
 lofthaorawn 
 
 I tha Afohbiahop of 
 
 r.(^ air Tkaaaaa Mota. mnra 
 
 hi Mnniiilrn'a lattar ai Amim iat 
 ■Mft whtok ht ndfiMaad in 
 
 In tha 
 
 afttW 
 
 jflHaninw^ fha 
 aflhawM 
 
 llirfiMnniaMad. HaflNaaaithb OrW 
 jiniy(>> aniitf o» Ma old IHaaianl f amain 
 
 MtanlMn* .ass aitwadiat 
 
 Ml.iaaMHMB fNM| Mflia^ MQ 
 
 i^l'3foS&& M 
 
 IV., ip. 4. 
 
 "Bulogy on PuUy."(') Poor nnuil toon 
 did ha bagin to ragrattha ganial waroDth of 
 BoRM, iba wina of Orviato, whieh ha bad 
 dtank at tha tabla of tha Cardioala Qannani 
 uid Raphael di St. Oaorgio, tlia pronMoadea 
 at tha Eaquilino. aod tba liaaeh traea of 
 tlia Pinoio.(i) Braamue haa left us tha fol- 
 lowing deaoription nf Sir 'fhomaa More, in 
 a letter adtlreaaed to tba poet Huttan i — 
 " Figure to yooiaalf a young man oi ordi- 
 nary height, but alight and wall built, of 
 delicate oomplaiiion, hloa ayaa, aritbout 
 beard, a amiling eoontenaneab gay without 
 HMlica, oareleaa in hia draaa, a bitter anamy 
 to foppary. narar reetlcaa for tba morrow, 
 ■Iwqra thinking of othrra, and ao full of 
 aonvaraation that it ie impoeaiUa to ba 
 tiftd with him. Ha kaowa Greek tho- 
 roogkly, and though hie fiithar th r ent a ned 
 to diamm him, baa eommenead tha atudy 
 of pbrioaopbyt bo ie wall acquainted witb 
 the fatbera, and ahbongh oo yoang, baa 
 leotaiod on tba " De CiviUto IMr* of 
 8t Angaatina.'*(k) While aroieiiw tha 
 Appaninea, on a anra-fbotnd mule, Eraaania 
 detandinad to wiita n datoUory ^piatla to 
 bia friand Hon. Hadeomadit but rigbl 
 that n work, n^orain ba lidicakd thaia 
 fblliaa comoMn to tho bnmm tnea, abMU 
 bt phwad under tha patennaiga of Uhi trho 
 andaafMandtoamnd aB wnildly dia ti n e 
 tio* in tha aUna- finpuitioa aa othara daak*d 
 tonn|Hitf*itu'' 
 
 Hanrjr Till, did nR In Ma power to 
 aMraotttrTbomaalfaiiBtollM^oribV b«l 
 infate,naha waa hwy wMiMfthwAit 
 far SkV Maahiirnlll hi bin «Wi |a did 
 tMal^: nf flMeBta,nt n AalHMla ftoM dm 
 
 UtaMManiiny 
 
 Ifcni'ha 'flnMrnnA i^Arf, nil ii'hi wiii 
 nnt>* HttlO'WnMllnBi'OT pinia^. iWtiiirt wH 
 hnA imnliBdteihiti Hn hrf daMMId 
 hkliiiiiliilinnfftnJna'' taTMa^MBp 
 ■mbT ▼«.* bM on aiRtaMalfthnf 
 tntaan ABdM» nf 1!IManaak' bidaMsaaiUl 
 toptiiniiiHtfc*"— Mah that tha w«ifk 
 and, thaNtoNf pnHto 
 ■t 0001^ ha iiNtaiw- in 
 te kfaiHI • Mvan and nMroaa Jadga.0) 
 
 
 -Kiirtt. 
 
 
IIVB or MBHMT VIII. 
 
 "(f) Poor mut toon 
 [rat the HUiial wtrmth of 
 
 Orvioto, whioh ho bad 
 if tho Cu-dioala Ooniwni 
 Q«ori[io, tho pronMaadM 
 kod tho hooch tiooo of 
 lamut hu left ut tho foU 
 of Sir 'llioauu More, in 
 to tho poet Huttont — 
 If • joang man ot ordi- 
 liKht ud wall hnUt. of 
 R, hloo ojoi, withoat 
 mntoiiaiieob goy withont 
 bio droaa, • biilor ooOmf 
 roatlcao for tho morrow, 
 I others, and so full of 
 
 it is iflspooaiUo to bo 
 
 Ho hnows Grsok tho* 
 igh bio fhthor throotonsd 
 I eomraenesd tho otody 
 
 is wall acqaaiatod with 
 ihboiigh so jotmg, boo 
 " Ds CiviUto IM** of 
 ) Whilo orotsiat tho 
 iro-fbotod mule, Enoiint 
 
 • doaoUorj opisllo to 
 Ho dsomod it bnt righl 
 rroia bo lidicnlod tbioio 
 tho bmnm tMOb abMiU 
 M potoOMifo of Um #ho 
 Old aB wwUif dIa ll B O 
 
 Kd m hi bli|MNHrto 
 
 1 Mods to Mm ««*^ bal 
 iapft «Mi'Wfeto»kit 
 
 iBi, fai Ui villi |a thi 
 w,al » dhiiaii tnm tfio 
 tod wMhfMHM 
 
 ilUi»r. aitif'kiiiii 
 Mi'M piala^, iMmM ' Mi 
 Ota. Ho b«t doHiWid 
 "fftedao" 4^Mi.|^«Ma|i 
 
 OMO OS "RnMO .jUHHBW 
 
 nd, HMHwoNf pnMto 
 
 (M eooi^ ko ' initaiv- ii( 
 m and ammo Jodgo^) 
 
 ni^4ai|^^-<itf(ht. ' 
 
 lioam was not a atoie liko Sir lliomaa 
 Mora: althonKh at work the whole night, 
 he waa generally diaaaiiaAed with his eom- 
 positions, and would, in the morning, thraw 
 away his luoubrations of tho prsceding 
 night bto the flrs. His friends, truly esti- 
 mating his abiliUee, praaaed him. but in 
 vain, to publish. Erasmus was bstter 
 pleased with him as a phyaioian than aa a man 
 of ■cioneo.(*) Our phUoaophor wno always 
 imagining himself ill, and invariably ealkd 
 in Linaore for advice whenover attaokod 
 with illneoe. On his way from London to 
 Pkwis, ho oanght a severs oold, and while 
 lying in liod bo happened to put up his 
 hand to his neck, when feeling the gknds a 
 litllo swollen, and fuieying that bo fait a 
 linglhig asnaaiion in tho s«r, bo believed 
 himsalfto be dangerooaly ill, aado«ilaiB> 
 ed, in a fit of deepain—" And tbero is' no 
 Uma9 to em aw!(k) Umen, on Ua 
 roton fimto Italy, had. te a short poHod, 
 given IsoaoM ia Latin to ths young Princo 
 of Waloo. At Fionnefl, ho had attomiod 
 Pblitian^s loetnrM on Honoo nod Viigil, 
 and wto porfoedy oMuoared widi tho 
 BomMi poota, a btaaeh of alndy wMNaty 
 known in Bngland. 
 
 A littk later, <a, a km ymn boftwo 
 Hoary*e oonmatkm, Coiot bad Hm ntamod 
 fiNwa Itally aad fooadod Jeaas GoUega, 
 Loadm, the Irst aAaol at wUeh Gndt 
 wastai^iaBmlaad. GolMwasoaoof 
 tho oMot raaa^blo bmk of Uo d^: Ua 
 fadicr had ■ wi asto d h'UitiCoHaJM ia trad*, 
 mi bii ia«tfMr. a WMM* of mdy aagsKo 
 piotfi iMd UMt twaatyefaildNai Johaaloao 
 toMMtMr to a property, «aUod by 
 Ibmm' •^kmtmti ft«nMto».''(*) Alksr 
 •^^Adi^g ■•#« ««aia al diferd. Iw woal 
 «o FrihM^ wteto'ltoMMia tho ae«aaiataaeo 
 of BadMi aa4 tlMn Idl for tlw land of 
 soHoos iModioi. Ha atot sovomI oTiria 
 caa atr i a to B ai noraiM^ atooag oAoia 
 Oracya and LyIiOb «te wwa atadylag 
 GbMk nVk gwatoarajsHisin altar a|MMl< 
 iaM a aiUMt ttiM at ttMMir Flsa, aaid PerranC 
 be roerbaMd tiM Alpg aad tManlodtoMa 
 bdhvod isiaad hMMk Us owa happjr 
 Bai^d, when tha oan tt fitstatdn was 
 
 Bpad 
 Bp. Bns. Liaaero. 
 
 Just oommenoing to dawn. Gifted with higA 
 ■pirite, he was at tobis a merry iaeet. who 
 aevor allowed his gisss to rem^n empty i 
 fond of women'e eociety. and. • lie him. 
 self aoknowledged. a true epicure. Culet 
 noaied destined rather tu shine in tl.o 
 world than to mount ths pulpit t ho W24, 
 however, proof againit every temptatton. 
 After a lengthened atady of St. Pfeal, ho 
 oommooeed a aeriea of lecturerM hie 
 BpiatlM^ which were frequented toy tho 
 dignitaries of tho Church, and oftsa by 
 Henry himself. On one occasion, however, 
 it was thought that th«rs would b» a niptura 
 between the theologian and tho monareh i 
 —Warham had aoleetod Colet as tho oottrt 
 preaehor for Good Frfday, aad bo took M 
 hto wbject tho victory gained by Joaea 
 over death and tho grave, a poaeofU viototy 
 to bo won by (nayor only. It was wail 
 known that Hoary jMrpotod war againot 
 haaeo. bnt tha prsachtr. notwithstaadinf 
 this, carried off by hissut||sel^ bowaihid tha 
 toes of a soul «rownod wHh a diadMtt. wha 
 pa«Md fkwn tho Aeld of batik tothi Mbaaal 
 of tho Sovereign Jodgt. Thia aeHaaa wal 
 dhttsUy in oeUishm with tho baU^fsnol 
 ld4atof the sovereign, and thopreaeharhad 
 ocareoly deeoendod ftom tho pnlpit eia tha 
 king eent for hito to the gardan of Aa 
 FHuMiaean Moaasta«7. Oa hi* obayiaii 
 tho atteadants withdtow, and Heaiy, edttlil 
 him aaido, thos addrssaod bioit— "ToM 
 sorawn waa indood beaMiAii, bat, <afM 
 neat, I ftar yoa ovor-raaohed tho akiric, 
 and, aa^'iny ooMfliaaee is fB at oaao, I wisll 
 yoatohoipnM. All that yon stddmdurlty 
 waa adasbable, aovM' did any oft apeah 
 
 aidi giaater ehnmoai tor preeiMaeao oe tN 
 Mm that alnmtd nalM prhoeo ladeomod hf 
 tha blood of Jesaa. aad faidead yoa ImvaaB 
 bat laooroitod me wl^ Phdieo 1 bnt yoa 
 Dmait aekaoiMge that tho gasps! uowheia 
 imAiUM tha rspalliaf of ^ oqjaat aiMiaa* 
 viaa. Doubtbaa. to attack an JaoHiwitva 
 fteighboitr is aa'4MMa«a;aad a gJMt dtnei 
 igainst^ law 6f la^ laid Oolan bf OMM ' 
 tot if yatr na 'yjniiMr ittaokad. doiik Ok 
 gospel liid you to qaiK>— Nh j ini thaeoai. 
 traiy k Mteviayoa to repel your adVoreacy 
 for tha aako of public peaeo. leitnotaot 
 Thoitfeta yon mnat ag^ asoeatl thapttlaii 
 lad pMaeh. as 'you aa |raQ laiam ^U 
 
bin or utvny tiii. 
 
 uo, on tbfJtiilkiBMyof a dcftntiira war, 
 •ndarUkao -for th« ImUptnUann and 
 bon^ur ufUia oro«ra."(*) Colat. amuwi at 
 Mnf «h«i (akta to taak bj ao akilAil a 
 lo(ltiaii, muttorad a f«w wordi aod pro* 
 BiiMd (o amaad hia fault i and, aocordincif , 
 •n Eaatar Sundaj, haacain appaarad )n tba 
 pulpit, and eommaatad on tba royal thama i 
 ba now aaid, tbat a prinea who diad oa tba 
 laid of battla went diract to haaran, pro* 
 vidad hia Ufa waa loat in a dtfanaiva wari 
 (ha aottlthri-atenad with damnation waa tba 
 ona that had takan ap anna to diatarb tba 
 ynbUa paaea. For anoh a cne, atarnal dam* 
 talion waa dattinad in tba other world { whila 
 tiiapriiwa, who, actnatad by patriotiam. ra> 
 ytlM forea bj forea for tba honour of hia 
 ■ M^owp and tba libarty of hia paopk, wouM 
 t/itain to atamal Ufa. Nona could ba da> 
 Mivad «a to tba ebaiaetttabara pourtrajrad. 
 It waaavidaal tbat tha aabitiooa aonl dwah 
 In »b» body of Lonia ZII.. KinR of Franca. 
 •Mtbattbaaoolaoeordiaiitotba baartof 
 (M, wiptbat wbWh than Rovarned Eagbuidl 
 (•tba bo^of Haary VIII. Tba prinea. who 
 ««• Jalii^ad with tha Mraian. aaid:— 
 "Ltt mmf BM ebooaa hia own doctor. 
 CoM ahaD ba nioa ia piafaranoe to tba 
 vboio wudd«''(k) Md, calUpg for a cup» 
 pladgad hia baaltb. Tha coBMrapUioa 
 loakad fal wMaamaot upon Iba poor 
 pnaabar, mk» wm not bimaalf a little 
 ribMhad attfM heaow ba bad gaiaed by » 
 uNiraMa dtttktgm. 
 
 n* reader oMjr, perbapa, eoaaidar tliat 
 ■H trivial aa aaoedota aa tba one juat 
 iilatad Mmht aot to hava a plaoa ia onir 
 Uotof7% Haarr VIIL. but we regard it ia 
 Jba Mf hk of a prophet teralatioa of tba 
 • praapaet of Baglaad. Uauj tfeaa> 
 It the oBoiorgr* and ooapclled tba 
 to ratraet Ua worda. Why did 
 dread tha loyai aager i Tba leadi- 
 evinced by Colet, one of the otoal 
 
 Inambeioof tbapneatbood,toyieU 
 
 Aa iMmardi'a wiah* only proved bov 
 
 Omj would hcceafler ftOl into faU 
 
 Colet waa dstamined to take hia 
 
 tafo on tha nligion8» and attacked 
 
 •oMidinglyt they conidKiMd. bnl 
 
 THUMlBtkm of the Liii of B i e w ii i i, 
 in a ooUactioa of ■«««• Meta, 
 
 1907, iim. 
 
 .V«L U, ^ 1M9. 
 
 tha prtacher, eonfldiiiR in tba royal pmtao' 
 tion. continuad hia atiaekt,— a nwlaiichnly 
 war, which laateii a lonii time, and in whwh 
 Colet (li«|>laytd mora wii then reaaon. If 
 Erasmui, no good authority by the way, ia 
 to be owlitad, tha EnRliih munka, with but 
 few txcaptiunt, devtrvtd the castigation 
 InflioUd on tbem by his friend. According 
 to his r«|iret«nutions,tb«y were dieinbented 
 by beav9n, pluaged into the dtpth of ig- 
 noianoe and luxury, and were wont to aign 
 themeelvee with the holy eign when they 
 net with any ona having a kwiwMga of 
 the Oresk tongue. Tu hear bin apeak, ooe 
 would have imagined that Sataa wiched to 
 banish tha Greek language fur the ^n vt 
 the Church. Erasmus gives the following 
 anecdote of two Franciscan monkar— IV hile 
 Ueury waa at Woodateck^') a mouk, at* 
 tacbed to the church of Si. Mary, ascended 
 the pulpit, and, like oae pgeiseae d , oom* 
 ■MBced declainiag agaiaat the Greek lan- 
 guage and aa tboaa who atodiad il. The 
 aebotera. who were preeeat, aanojred at 
 thia attack, aaeemUed UAder the window «rf 
 ble oell and begaa groaaing. As a coaee. 
 f aeaoa of thia mp o ii, the king a d d rMc ed 
 lettera to the Univcrnity of Oxford, order- 
 lag tba aothoritiea to compel the atadents 
 to atudy the beautiful iauguaga of Homer, 
 iaaenitcb as it waa adapted, in eo^)aaotioa 
 with tba Latin, to civitiae tbe world.(*| and 
 tba owak of St. Mary waa aileacad. Bat 
 bk place waa qoieUy eappfied t hia anc* 
 eaeeor. bolder tbaa Ue prede c eeeo r , bad 
 tba audacity to attaoli tha Greek kaguaga 
 aad ito atodaata ia tba royal peeaenoe. • 
 Siebard PMe waa CMapollad, dariag the 
 aenaoe, to cover hia fooa with Uc laada 
 IfatbaahooM baaaeii tobarkmbiaf I wbilo 
 Haary, hf *a voritiat of Ma c oa at a a a n o t , 
 waa avidaaily ftellol iadigMtioa aad oo». 
 . tenpt for tba pveaebar. Tha Um «u 
 dataraiaad to bo laffaagad, bM aa • aoMdw) 
 •eeordiagly* aeikKag for tba mBk, h« 
 bade bin prodnao bia ebar|ea ogalaattba 
 Grade toagup, wMla Sir T b aa m Mow y«a 
 •atidsodfortbodefaMa. Thaadvocatowai 
 al«yMBfti wbea It pmm to tba mittk'* iwta 
 40 raf^. be beaaae coaftned. aad kaoaHag 
 damn, with teara ia hia ayee. aMalbatad 
 f& Ibat. ba bad aaid i«riHt tba 
 
 8 
 
 Brae. Bfist VII.. IS|VI«I^ 
 ) TjrOw. 
 
 r^ 
 
IdiiiR in tli« r»)r*l pr«>l«0> 
 M stiaekt,— • mclBiicholjr 
 
 > lonii tiiBc. and io whwk 
 m>r« wii than rMion. If 
 I autboritjr bj iha way, U 
 EitRliah munka, with but 
 dMtrvtd tba caiti||ation 
 ijr bit friand. Accordiax 
 i>ni,th«y war* dtainhantad 
 id into tba depth of 'm- 
 tj, and vara wrat to aiKii 
 Iha holy aiffn whan thay 
 • having a konwladfa of 
 
 Tu haar bin apeak, ooa 
 n«d that Sataa wicbad to 
 laoKuaga f«>r tba ^n of 
 lamua utrn tba foioiiriBf 
 ranciaciui nM•ka^*-1V hila 
 'oodatockX') • wok, at- 
 rcb of St. Maty, aacaadtd 
 ika ona paa i aaaa d , aooa. 
 Iff affaiaal tba Qiaok Ian. 
 oaa who atudiad il. Tba 
 tn praaant, utaoyi at 
 lUad nodat tba wiadowof 
 a gnMniaff. As • eoaaa> 
 tpo$4, tba kioff a d d waa ad 
 ivcrnity of Oxford, order* 
 M 10 compel tha Btudanta 
 itiftoi iauffuaga of Homar, 
 M adaiiied, in toi^iMtioa 
 
 > dvibaa tU world,(*| and 
 If aiy «w ailMwad. Bat 
 
 lieUy anppSadt bit mc 
 iM Ua prada c aa a o r , had 
 \UA tiM Oraak kaffu«|o 
 I bi the fojtA ptaatnoe. • 
 tt compallad, di^ng tba 
 r bit fiwa with U« iMda 
 ■atiitobarbwgbfaif I whilp 
 ortfaig of Ma WMM ona iMn , 
 Boi iadiffMiioaiai «ob- 
 pgjacha r . Tba Um waa 
 
 lAaff for tb* MMk, ha 
 » Ua abaiica npiwattha 
 
 MIlSlr'flMMMllMOVM 
 
 lafoM*. Thaadvoc«l»w«i 
 it 9MM to tba iMdl'a uini 
 ■a eoaftoaadtUd kaoaiaf 
 ra in bU ayaa, iMribMad 
 I aaid wriHt tb« 
 
 iatVU^Iti Yl^t. 
 
 urt or ■■■«? viii. 
 
 tooffoa to tba fauipiration at tba Holy 
 Spirit. "Of tba Holy Spirit 1" ramarkad 
 Henry, "beware bow you oalomniate Him 
 from whom prooaeds aU lig bt, and who haa 
 eurely no motive to rail againat ona of the 
 Ineat langoagaa thai hu ever been epoken. 
 But tell ma," added Henry, amiling. *• hare 
 yoo ever read any of Braamoa'a work*, 
 againat whom yoa spoke ao aaverelyf 
 " AkM I no," replied the penitent, in piteoua 
 aeoanta. " Than how came yoa to vantare 
 to apeak of works that you have never 
 readr "Ob, yeti" repliod tba osonk, 
 " 1 have ghuMtd over ona of hie worfca 
 entitled •The Balogy (rf FoOy."* "I 
 really beliava," remarked Phca, "that that 
 work was especially written for yoar 
 reverence." The monk ended tba discoa- 
 aion by aeknowladgiog bimeelf reconeilad 
 with the Greek loogne, inasmneb aa be waa 
 now aonvineed that it waa dbrivtd from 
 Habtmr, and left tha royal p rsae nr a amidat 
 the laoghtOT of tha bystandera.(>) 
 
 Parbapa thaaa aoecdoto >, notwiUMlaading 
 tba dreoniatantial maanar ia which they 
 vt rehUed, maynotliatrae. Tha" Balogy 
 Jof Fully," moraovar, waa sot oafy do> 
 noonoad by "idk, kay, aad igaoraat 
 moaka," bat tha Sorboaaa c o adaai n ad tha 
 work aa haiag iaqiiooa, ioaoltiar to tiod, 
 tbo Bleeaad Tiifia. tba oiiata^ tlm Ckndi 
 aad traditioa^) Waooghtthaa lopardoa 
 iba poor brother of 8c Fraaeia' fbr nUi^g 
 agaiaal a wurh aondamaad by tha methsr 
 aad aorse of CalhoBe lile«t»i«. 
 
 However, wo are booadf 'ta aekaawla^ga 
 that imposlni lannMMioaa waiv ra^iairad 
 ia tbaayalaai of adoealioli thaa poiaaadia 
 Kaglaai!, aad t]^ Haoij kaaw, tmd thaw 
 gwra fa tB u aaJ the ■ a r a m a t . ThaM^*"^ 
 of achoola won thaa ia tha haada fl# tha 
 ■uakaaf thaorJan of Bk Oaoriaieh. St. 
 Aogpriasb aad St. Fknaeii^ thab giaad-. 
 ol^ haiafltafcraiaM .tadaala Csr tha 
 la thaaa ■aaaatiris^ 
 taiki fbr law or thiaa 
 •ad thaa Aiialar'' c"»> P|(icaii ia 
 ^haadaof thoatadaat, AfW ar alight 
 ialt tha podaalic jJmnHm. tt 
 1 • • 
 
 in Trim, 
 (k$]»aBarivi(,UTie^l 
 
 % 
 
 hypothatet, reetrictione, cspoeitione and 
 equivocations, the sebular enUred tha 
 portico of theology. He bad no knowledge 
 of the Greek and Leiin oratorat Cicero 
 ahd Dcmosthenee were unknown to kirn. 
 C«»( agreed with Henry that, to regenerate 
 the huinar onderatanding, a knowledge of 
 Psgan antiquity was highly aecrsearyi for 
 art had acareely sprung ap in Italy, en it 
 wae aeknowledgad that it waa inooabaat 
 for tba alataary to bo aoqoainted with 
 Praiitelea and Phidiaa. Before ioiikling 
 hie popila into tha myateriea of thedogy, 
 Colet obliged them to gothroogb a regolar 
 •oorae of graoHaar, aad employed, ae hie 
 •eaiataata, sUlfU aad Haatworthy worfcoMa. 
 Ha nominated, aa head aehoofaaaatar of 
 St. Pkal'e, William Lyiia, who hmi atwNMl 
 Greek fbr Ave yeare at Bbodaa, nadav Aa 
 ■batoviciaae of Coaataatiaoide. Lfia 
 merilod tha coaMeaoa «# Um damiMwoB 
 aa that of tha kiag. Ha *•■ a asdoM 
 profheoor, hot foetaoatdy ha r^ianlad aaa^ 
 poral poaiehmeat aa a forcibb mto^tn poww 
 for aeeofiag tha pcograaa of hie popihu 
 Eraamoa, whoaa miad waa baymM Ua apw 
 haa lafk aa aa amasioK nuail of Ow 
 method adopted by CoK aadaarriadaok 
 with great aed by IfUa ia tht oppiicaHoa 
 •fthai«d.(*) 
 
 R^A WAV WMtt MM^B ^h ^^^^^__^_ V^^^^h^^m' 
 
 Sir Thomaa More, Colet ftom Ua 
 Uaaoa Ima Ua 
 
 from km literary r 
 Haary fVom hia atadiaa aad Ua i 
 fir tha priaea had not kag 
 MlhfU to Kathariaa^*) 
 
 C ) Da Paaeia 
 ▼ut.. p. 4«|. 
 {*) £mm«rae 
 
 . . , w is|ina » nsiosalBinaas»o 
 
 11^ l«k 9Ml 4M. m. 7V. laSHtiST^ 
 Eaihariaa ef AlIMa,,^ MSjCelsLfp. MP, 
 
 %n,m,m, MrSaTaftai 4iirwSS 
 
 ■a, 4A 4K 4M, 4H, ati Ol, Ai. 3»» g|r 
 
 357. Ml. «•, 4Ml m, lOtS; Uaaoe^ jm! 
 890. 6»li Tonaml. BiAopef !.emlea^ M.l3k 
 4tt,SMi,tMt Itt; M eoB ^i e y, jpfiii mm, IWL 
 
 tiu; M«,»%M^ S14, 3Mw mitm. wa, 
 
 Umi I s l i m i i. ly. ani 41»; Piijitiis ¥M|, 
 
 jl.iak no, fS, 7m taii Pnearfffw mt 
 
 'B t 
 
Lira nr aMiinr ▼in. 
 
 CHAPTER lir. 
 
 BUROPI AT THB AOOBSSION Of HINRY VIII.-l60»>Uil. 
 
 AaibMoa of VtnlM.— Jnllni II. itoUrmliiM M Mum UiM R«paMlo.— D««mI af lb* YtnttiMt.— 
 Tha PoM't pliui lo niMl tit ranlfMN ftam Ildjr.-JuUiM iwIim with Hmuf Vlll. HMmi 
 IiMdt Xli.— DMlfw of tiM King of Rm«Im4 afiilMl riMM.— OotMt maI la NMwn.— 
 OMciTtd by FwiIIdmmI of Amgou. "Tha Arma of ioflu' «M«MaaaaAil hf Land aai at ■a*.— 
 MaTai Bngafainanl off Braat. 
 
 Taa tarminatioB of tk« flflMnth Mntwrf 
 WM nwrkad bj KtMt rovoluUona, which 
 tcBcM eoinplaUljr to change tha face of 
 dhin In Europo. It waa »t thia ptriod 
 that tlM Ungdoma of CMtilo aad Amfon 
 won onitod, and tho Moon tiptUad from 
 Spain I thai tha wan of th« raaoa wan 
 ttroof hi to a oloaa by tha drrth of Richard 
 III., and th« eonqoaror, Hanry VII., com* 
 pdllad, for the jiaaea of hk nawly aequind 
 kUu^Mi. to narrj Biisabath. daoghtar 
 of Bd««u iV.t that LonU XI.. King 
 «r imaea, aeeued Charlaa tha Bold of 
 lilaapa. aad aoiiad on tha Duehr of Bar- 
 Jaadf , aad tha aarldom of AitoU. 
 
 Paaoa idgaad in Buropa. Onat m«> 
 ■piAJaib «aoaa powan wwra on a lavol, 
 taaa flkH iiala||. tlia ocaas dofcadad 
 lajfar-f from fbniga iavaaioa. Fonaad 
 «l vaikia atataa nnitad aadw tha cam* 
 aoaptn. Spain obafad FaHlaaad tha 
 OBdioti«.apm<«atbMartlMla«a. LoRla 
 XII. bad. hf hia ipaniaiia with Aaaa. 
 Piwbaaa of Biittaiy, aanaaad that vala- 
 tMNi fvavtaoci, ao a aoiiiM ^ far th« praa* 
 mAj «f hia kingdom, to th4 creM of 
 Mam.^ IfasiaiUiaa U Bmpamr of Q«^ 
 niiiag^ ha4^ daapiMhad aa amhaaqr <• 
 ■Mwy Yin., oongratnlatiag ^a oa hia 
 ■ui>»llnn. aad pMTiaii Car tha coairmatioa 
 of Iha tnatjr ha haid aatand into wHh 
 Htaiy VII. ia 15(MI.(«) Altar haviag had 
 Ua rii^ ovar tha Uraditarr atn^N of 
 Aartria «eknoiriadge4, Maii mi l iaa had 
 
 (») Rjnaar Fodan. XIIIh»7. 
 
 aueeaodad In fbnndlng a Mrt of Qaiman 
 nationality of tha namoraua Blactoratat 
 of an am^ln. ahottly daatinad to trombia 
 at tha worda of an Avgnailno monk— Martin 
 Lathar. Gharlaa, Priaea of Oaallk, graad- 
 aon of MaxlmlttaB and Pardluaad. had'tue* 
 caadad to tha pamaaaloaa of tha Hoaaa o( 
 Borgnady. but too jouag yal to fovara hIa 
 paoj^iha waa atadyiaf rtqralty aadar aTho- 
 mici daalinad at a fbtan parM to waar tha 
 tian^— nonaUao of Uiraeht. Tha Na- 
 liMrlaada, dariag hia ■laoiH|'. worn go- 
 favaad li^ hla aaal, MargML of Savoy* 
 whoaa naoM la aUB vaaa ra iai laTMraMay .(k) 
 JnMaa II. l aa aaadtd Plua til. Aa long 
 
 aa tha Klagaof %ain aad UraManapaai^ 
 tha IlaHM paaiaoata. ■• long waa Iha 
 Forciga Poaaff bar aaalari bat oa 
 
 ih XII. laUM | p M" i|*«« K^ *^f 
 MOaa, aad MbHuk of NaplM. Iha 
 
 Sovarciga l^aff bar 
 
 Uah 
 
 of 
 
 laMiit^of thii|lf^f 
 
 MM' fMHik 
 'ateteo^ 
 
 ♦atfaHriiapatriaMqraflKllMI. of ipHMmt 
 
 iMk Mlaaiad blood aoaiMMIiiMtiiiNia tha 
 
 laAlg* af tin aria and KlaaM% ( 
 
 Iha liMUaotaal I 
 
 dlradad. and whloh Ud M^ If Mft aivMtad 
 
 ia ita fn§em, to aiiaad Mtroef^teal tta 
 
 (^) IjuriH^datttacha Oaaahl^imSalaaiw 
 
 * (•) Tha motto of Jtdiaait i « tatd diUrcr 
 «« from yw Baihariaaa," li w«U kaawa. - 
 ChJdealardiat.Paalo<XiHiu 
 
 MPMS 
 
.-IMI-Mlt. 
 
 D««MM W lb* VtMUM*.— 
 
 wM) Hvuf fill. •fttliMl 
 
 DofMt MAI ta NMWft.— 
 
 •All l«y tMi tM lA IM.— 
 
 idlnir K Mrt of QwoHM 
 I n«m«rou« BltetorftlM 
 Ntly (iMtlnMi to tnnbU 
 kaCMUm mottk— MartiB 
 Pirtilm of OuHXk, |i«ad« 
 Md FordluMidilMd'rae' 
 •mIom of t)M HeaM of 
 ) jouof fil 10 Rovoni hto 
 yiBf fojfolty «i^ oTIm* 
 fkittiro p«rM lo nwr Um 
 of Uiioeiil. Tho No. 
 Ml lilMrHi^ won no* 
 •I, MiriMLor BoTOf. 
 ^■■t rrt o i liiXkiraMa7.(k) 
 MM Pluo til. Ao looff 
 Mlo and fiWMii toopoai^ 
 nmK 00 loof woo tko 
 r hor MOlori Iral oo 
 liHoiiM of tko dwdif 
 wtfttod •< NoplM, tho 
 
 urfaHW,** 
 
 li woB iHMWI* 
 
 Uri or MOKHT viu. 
 
 AUdiO^lfliitoivoilid 
 Mho GoMkUkto te MtoHw 
 
 wholo world. Ainbitioiw of Hlorf. a loldior 
 witiMUt ftor, • biahop and a oopUln, Juliut 
 ooooaivtd th« idao, for tha aoaoiiipli4hm«nt 
 of tha aoiritual rvdanption of luljr. uf 
 artbtloK ao tnpiro undar tha •captra of oim 
 Ruutar, dafindad by tht thraafuU girdia of 
 rocka. anow, and aaa, and that laaatar to ba 
 no Qlbar than tlia Pop«.(*) But ara thay 
 wara aipaUad from luly, JoUua fall that 
 ha ought flrat to hnmbla tha Vanatian ra- 
 piiblio, daily ioorca^<iag in powar and ma- 
 naelng Roma by aanding har aid to tha 
 European monarcha altamatalj, for tho 
 purpoaa of daatroying tha tanporal powar 
 of tha Bovaraign Poatiff. Vanica, tha ad- 
 vanoad bulwark of ChriatandomagaiBat tho 
 
 ' Turka.raokadanioni(atthapriBeipdiDatioaa 
 of tha contiaant. Priuli, Traviao, Varona, 
 Vieanan, I^udua, Bargamo, Braacia, Crama, 
 Ciamona, Rovigo. Polaaina. Ravanna, 
 FKaoaa, and Bimini, had aubmittad to tha 
 iyoka of tha Quaen of tho Adriatic. No 
 nation in Buropo waa ao rich aa Vaaica, 
 no auta could boaat of aueh proaporoua 
 flnaneaa. Har nnmarooa vtaaala oovarad 
 tha Madltarraoaoa oad tha ooaoa. Har 
 aarat and military atrangth waa fomidatdo. 
 Sha had a TaUiant aoldiory, aad laadara 
 who, liko Alriaao, aftar horiag nobly aorrod 
 
 , thair ouuntry, apaot tha ranmindw of thaiv 
 daya in daciphahng old nanoaaripta. 
 Vanioa lorad tho arte, and. thanka to tho 
 praaa of Aldva If anoeiiNb diflbaad ligbt 
 into tbo Oonnaa and Latin worlda. 8ho 
 had aoqnirad ail har poaaaaaiona aithor by 
 iwao of anna or aaonay^ atill it waa. iaa- 
 poaaiUa for tkoir fonaor naatara to aaa. 
 without fboUng aooM Uttlo ragrot, in tho 
 hitoda of thair rival eitiaa whiek thoy onoa 
 pooaaaaad. Majdaailian eovalad TVarioa, 
 Varona. Pkdoa. and Vieoaan. whith had 
 faraNriy bakmcod to tho Qoman cmp^. 
 IHaU iMid baon takan firon «ko,olH)ioh of 
 AViiMa, to whkk U ka^ baan f|ffal7 
 Otko I. Rovigo and' Poladna had boas 
 eonqaoMd from tko doeby of Forraraj 
 
 (a) " Too do »ot Qodotaland why I aaart 
 imolf ao araoh at aoch an advaacad pariod of 
 lift. 1 doittoualMlhewholaofottri 
 
 Mttativ nadai oao OMaiar.iriio ooght tobc tka 
 Bomaa PoatiA"— Lottar ftom ifca unpubUdiad 
 j^onaUf P^MoOloaai. Mo. 1* ». 7f-?«. 
 
 Cramona aad Qhlaradadda had d«|i«>nded 
 on tha duflhy of Milan, to whioh aiata ihay 
 had baaa cadad by Louit XII. Raranna, 
 Flianaa, and Rimini war* claimed by Juliua 
 II.. aa baloaging to tlia patrinaooy of St 
 Pator, and accordingly, Vanica waa eaUad 
 on to raatora Iham to tha Holy Baa. Sba 
 Mjiliad, that tha had not wrested them 
 from St. Palar, but from Crnar Borgta.(*) 
 'I1ia Pontiff throatancd to ascommunieala 
 Iba republic : tha manaee wm traotcd with 
 ailant coatompt. Juliua thaa eallad on tha 
 enamiaa of tha republic to aid him ia 
 ragainiag poaaetiion of thaao tafa of 
 Roma.(*) Tba Bovaraign Pontiff could raly 
 ou tha aaaiataaea of hie aUioa^ aa each 
 imagiaed ha would thoreby ba anablad to 
 rawmnax to hia domiaioaa thoao depend- 
 anoaa which ha believed to hofo baaa Inet 
 for ever. 
 
 Such waa tha plea bron^jrl larward by 
 tha iaagoa, foroMd at Caoibmy, againat 
 Voaice, and of which tho Pope, ths 
 Bmpwar, and the King of Praneo wata 
 tha piiadpal ptoaMtara. At Cambray, tho 
 diviaba of tha already defeated lap^bHo 
 had boon made. Ravenna. Piaaa% wad 
 Riaaini. waao to Im alloitMl to the Pope t lo 
 MaximUian. Vioeaaa. Vjioaa, aad Phdnai 
 to Loaia XII.. tha coataHed doeky of 
 Mikm. Cnmamt. Ob^iadadda, Breach^ 
 Crama, aad Bargamo ; to Ao Kbg of 
 Bpoin, Maaf^doai. Trani,.JMadiai. and 
 Otraato. In April, tSOit^ tko Eing of 
 Prancob aoookJing to apoaoMati, lavadad 
 ilalf with an army of ijaoo umm tko 
 I^pal foaaaa ontamid RooMgiaot cnadartko 
 flommaad of Fraaoaaao Maria M fti Rorcr^ 
 Dnko of Urbici*! Raimaado dal fhrdiaa 
 oatarad Loaabardy at the baad>af Ih^ N i^ 
 politan army t tha Doko of JParaaraiama iii 
 Polaa^i and dM ooiparor occMpiod T-Mk 
 whoaoohowaa akio lo watah 1^ poor la*. 
 faifa of tko Bo a l>dB ia >a a ,(*) Iba . flpfo 
 alao aboat 
 Voirioa, oka^^ag tha' 
 oalv Ghiiatuaa ia aaMe, of do^ri>«tfw 
 Waapi l. and <rf alwaya hariag-aviMad.* 
 diaobodirat apirit towarda tha Hofy Soo. 
 
 Hi 
 
 >< 
 
 L 
 
 Sehaddt Hiatoira <ivfc Alleatanh 
 Lingard. 
 
 J^U^V!%'^ Hirtoboaa?|iwwiflrfMdi» 
 HiatMria di l^fintta. , . ^ . 
 
1.1 ri or miMBT vin. 
 
 On Ik* llth of U*f. Mm VmMtai.a. 
 wid«r lb* eonniMid ot Iwo v«l«nn |«n«nlt, 
 Iha CottM dl PiligllsM and B«rtoloaMo 
 d'AlviMin, tdvanecd, bj fertad mareliM, 
 •galoH ih^ FnacIi Mrniy PitigllMw d«- 
 ■iiwl to wMcb lh« mtmj, wHhoal rUking 
 Ml tngaftmciit. but lb* nub adtlM of 
 d'Ahtaas vaa follti»«d, and the Veaetians, 
 niaiD( Chair war nj of " Mar«o I Mareo I" 
 ■MDOMMMd iha anfaffaoMat. whiab waa of 
 • abort duration t tbay wara dafaaiad at Obi- 
 wadadda, aad d'Alriaao takan priaonar-C) 
 DiaooBoartad a* tbalr daltel, tha oilisaiM 
 loot eoarafa, and ratirad ia parfoot oonfbaion 
 tothairabipa.(k) Louia waa aawtar. in laaa 
 Ikaa a fortainht, of Crtmoaa, Paaehlara, 
 Ol««M^ Braaela. BargaaM, and all tba 
 4Maa, fonaarlf dapaadaat on Milaa. Tba 
 •Maa, onaa vaaaala to tba aoipira, tb.nw 
 •paa thair gataa to Maximilian. Tha Daka 
 nf UrWao, at tba haad of tba Pontilcal 
 mnmf, had takaa poaaaaaloa of Ravaaaa, 
 Carria, FlaBsa. aad Riiaiol. Tha Doha 
 of fbrrara had atoda hinualf OMatar of 
 Eavigo, aad tha Marqnia of Maatoa had 
 Ibrcad a flnr eitadala.(*) It waa a critical 
 pa ri o d , and bad MaximiUaa, Inataad of 
 waMaff at TmoI to raeaiva tha Vaaatiaa 
 — haaaador, Aatoaio Gioatiaiaai, who 
 oavad far pardoa oa hia kBaaa,'aMf«had 
 •• Vaadea, tha rapubHe ohm* hara Mka. 
 Iha anparar'a laaottoa aavad bar, for aha 
 «w aawa thai a atala with anch raaooreaa 
 aa hara aeight neoTar froai tha ohack 
 m alfa d at Ghkradadda, and eoB|Ma^ 
 MM tha laaiiaa of Oaaahiaf , if not hjr 
 tMM af aroM. at kaal hf diploaMe)r.(«) 
 
 Loaki XIL, afl«r hia vietoiir, had vataraad 
 le ftaaaa, katiag a raainaal of hia foreaa 
 la o wy arala d with MaataaiUaa'a away. Tha 
 af tlia f aaneh aaoaarrh waa a 
 Ibr tha lapaMiab 
 toklag advaataga «f il 
 It Unj flaah tMopa, aha aorptlaad Fa^ia. 
 ami titaraw iato FkioH oofloitat ana 4a 
 haap Iha iaapaiiaUala ia ehoak. Vaaiaa 
 1 Mm alUaaca of Fardiaand %]p dw 
 of a flnr •itlai,^ aad bjr a aon. 
 
 J 
 
 ;•) fahaildt.— BayaaMna. Boi''. Aaaala. 
 
 ) MaaaL HIrt. da Laaia X: --Oalaiiaf^ 
 
 /■toriad'Italla.Bh.TIII. 
 (nPatnw Martyr, la. 411. 
 m llariaaadaiJbwHi^r^ai«LX«IX;l». 
 (•) Baa>bo» Oiit. Taait Vltf. 
 
 Haaal protaatatioa of rapantanaa. appaaaid 
 tba Bovn«i«n PballflT. who took of tha 
 intardiot nadar wWah it lay. 
 
 Julioall.badtriunpbadi h« bad bumbUd 
 tba prida of Vtniea, and bad obtoiaad tha 
 raatitatioa of tba aneiaat doaMiaa ol 8t 
 Patar'a patrinMny i but hia work waa n«it 
 soiapiatad. Two powtrfiil oNiiiarah*, ib« 
 King of Ptaaaa and Mm laaparwr ol 
 Oannaay. If onltad. MuraataMd Iha inda- 
 pandanea of Italy i tha ona by Mcapying 
 tba duchy of Milaa, iha othar by ancamp- 
 lag bafora tba walla of Varaaa aad Vioanca. 
 It waa raportad thai it waa Ihair Intoatbn 
 to aalaa on tha paalaaala, aad aonaaqarntly 
 tha Popa claarly aav MmI it waa bla intertit 
 to ba r«eonetled wIMi Vaaiea, to datach 
 Pardinand from tha kagaa, to induca M««i. 
 mllian to quarral with Looia, to iaviu tba 
 Bwiaa into Italy, and, laatly, to draw tha 
 King of Bogbad into a war with Franca. 
 Thaaa plana rrquirad grant activity of mind 
 and body, a oouraga incapabia of yialdiag 
 to difleulty, flrmnaaa ia daagar. ambition 
 and anihnaiaam, and, laaMy, tba ardour of 
 a young man, co^ioiatly with tba matura 
 fadgnwat of an old diphMMtiat. Jallua II. 
 poaataaad all thaaa qnalitiao.(') la Mm 
 eoMM of a fcw waaka, Juttaa'a policy auc- 
 eaadad hayoad hia moat ardcalaBpaolaMona. 
 Vaaiea. hy dariatibg IWmb aD prataaahtaa 
 to Mm oidao of Bonagaa, potiatttod the 
 aabiacla of tha ChnrA io.aavigato Mia 
 folt Bha alia fbrthar eoaoadad Iha right 
 of baiag ra p raac at a d at Fanrara by tha 
 Bititmimh: Fardiaaad promlaad to abaa> 
 doa Mm laagaa, on coadiMoa Mat ba ahould 
 ha panrillod by Mm Holy Baa to racaira 
 Iha faiiaoMtan of Mm kindom ti Naplaai 
 8ohiaa«>. Biahop of Woa, kfl for Bwtt. 
 aartand. aad, by Iha aoand of hia horn, 
 tevilad Mm BMmMIM«' pwMata ofUri 
 aad UadwwaUNi to *a»A to tha M of 
 tha Oh«r«A| aad Hoary, oa laotiYllHr flma 
 Waihaai tti gold !«•%(•) Mat fraat loaMb 
 
 (0 MaeUwralU, at Ibat timo dayaty of tha 
 BaaabUa, Mt paaldattiht toiaadariagJaMtea 
 to thaiMliliM af JaUto (Ma Ma daM^ ki 
 Vol. VuTal Ma m!!Z;lmmtftSta « 
 opara ItoUaaa.) ThlilMc af irfUah llaty 
 
 
 ttwr^ 
 
 irA. 
 
urn «v BiNKT viii. 
 
 •f rtp«ntan««. »p p t Mi J 
 mllflr. who took off th« 
 M> it lay. 
 
 iraphodi h« hod humbltd 
 a, Md had obtsiaad tha 
 
 ■neUat domalM of Ml 
 I but hia work waa noi 
 
 and Hm laapator ol 
 d. thraatoMd «ha Ind*. 
 I tb« on« bf •ecvpjriiiK 
 B, iha othor hy encamp. 
 I of Vofona tad Vioonca. 
 •I it waa thair Intaation 
 liaoala, and ttmaaqnentl/ 
 V thai it waa bla Interttt 
 artth Voaiea, to datach 
 a laa||M«, to induca Maii. 
 rkth Lauia, to iaviu tba 
 and, laatljr, to draw iha 
 into a war with Franca, 
 ad itraat activitv of mind 
 !■ incapabla of xialdian 
 laa in daofiar. ambition 
 nd, hutljr, tba ardour at 
 i^lntlj wteh tha OMturt 
 Idiplomtiat. Juihull. 
 M qnalitiaa.(') In tha 
 «ka, JuUaa'a polk; auc- 
 moat ardaat aspaetadona. 
 Aff froa aD pratanaioBa 
 lomafBi^ pamhtad iha 
 %nrdi io.aavigato tha 
 rtkat co ti oadad tha rluhl 
 tad at Farrara bf tha 
 laand proaiaod to abaa* 
 eoaditioB tkat ba ahouM 
 Iha Holy 8aa to lacaiva 
 iha ktefdom at Napiaai 
 of Won, kfk for Swlt. 
 tha aoand of hia hotn. 
 Mti^ar paaaanta aVri 
 to mnk to tha lid of 
 laarjTt as laMivlliii flmB 
 nmfi^i M«t fram JoaM, 
 
 A that tiaw dapaly af tha 
 Mi|ht ia laadaiiBf Jattiea 
 Jtaa(aaahiai l a«ii U i ih a a ia 
 ana, INMIalMa aaalta d> 
 
 hmwt thm'wiwit 
 
 
 daokrad himaalf raady to aid tha papal 
 potioy, aa far aa by in bta powar. Juliua, 
 ia a latMr to Hanry. (•) bad aliiirully 
 iaittrad iba younn priaaa'a vaally by 
 atyllnf him tba hand of tlia Itoly laanua, 
 whi<h, undar tba aoapicaa of tha r«pra« 
 aaalaiivM of Ca«dolicity, waa to put an aad 
 id the 9!aJ:it):!P of Louia XII., asd d«lirer 
 luly.(k) Woliay, who waa faat proiiraacing 
 In tha royal larour, woa orar by tha wialtaa 
 of tba Vatican, waa aai^ar in tha iata w ato 
 of Juliua. and it waa no aaa/ niaiiar fo' 
 Hanry to liaUn unnovad to tlka flatlary of 
 hia Aliaoaar, who waa hia eootinual com* 
 panion, partaking in hia amuaamante araa 
 in auoh aa wara prohlbllad by tha Cbaroh.(*) 
 If any crodit ean bo fivaa to tha ohronidaa 
 of thia poriod, Wulaay asarciaad an irra* 
 riatibia powar ovar tba mind of hia younf 
 nuMtar, (or ha waa a proBciaat in poatry, 
 palntiRf , mnaio, and aoulptura i and it waa 
 ibr a abort whila imaginad that ha had 
 paraaadad Rapbaal to laava tha Vatican aad 
 to coma aad raaida ia Bngland.C) Wolaay 
 ia aocuaod of having baaa axtravagant, 
 baoauaa ha had in hia palaca aomo vaiuabU 
 ofajoeta. Colat, on aoaing blm paaa hj 81, 
 Paul'a daily on liia way to Oroanwieb, pro- 
 iriiaaiad to Braamua that ha would ona day 
 ba pramiar of England. Taa philoaopber 
 botiofad hia flriand, wrota and dadicalad a 
 work to Wolaay aa tha king'a Almonar, 
 bat whila tha volama waa trararaing tba 
 Ohaanal, Wnlaay had haan oroaud oanon of 
 WiBdaor.(«) Kraamua again aat to work 
 aad dadkatad aaothar voluaao to Wolaagr. aa 
 canon ot Wiadaor, bat tha poat waa not ae 
 rapid aa Wolaay'a proaaotioaa i in laaa thaa 
 a waak, til* caaan had bacB Baotamorpboaod 
 into a daaa^aod BmaHUia in a pal loag dowa 
 hia patnataloaatoitsaar hjwhnt tblato 
 
 "Whaaaa w«^ MBcvfac tha aaaloai of oar 
 fw daaaaaa w^ hava fnuM ao oaa ao worthy to 
 laaaifa thia lowar aa Yaar laadlaaaa.^'— 
 MoMk la h. III. OaUlaiaa MoateiganaU. Da 
 lohua Ai^lkiai a Joaaaa Pioardo, BaUor. 
 Oaaoaiaa* 
 
 (•) Bafraat'a Htatary «f iha Bafenaalioa. 
 
 (ki Ckmld Iha Eiag of Fraaea o*are«!«M 
 Iha Popai ha sight hupa to poaaaaa tha wkda 
 af Italy, aad to diototo Ua owa tanaa to all 
 Iha priaMa of Ohriataadaak—P. Martyr. Kp. 
 
 {•} I^raHT. Xlil.,p. 
 
 addraaa a favoorito who arary waah ebanK**i 
 hia bahil and dignily.<r) 
 
 Faniinanil ao-opaiatad with Juliu* ia 
 datachtng Htnry from tha laagua uf Cam* 
 bray, for ba appr«l>>nd«d ibat Louia XII. 
 would mil ba aril'.ing that ba aboulU taka 
 poaaaaaion of Napiaa. which bad baan 
 guaranteed to him by bia inarriaDC with 
 laaballa. Tha King of Spain acted ia aa 
 underhand and diaadeatine nMnner, not 
 wlabing to take ao open part in the nattat. 
 On the 0tb of January, ha ordered Louia da 
 Carrara da Vilhirag<>d. hia ambaaaador at 
 Undun. to treat with Henry VIII. reepaet> 
 ing an aUianee between tha orowna of 
 BngUod and Bpaia. The treaty waa aigned 
 on tha aath of May following,(«) and alipu- 
 lated that mutual aaeietonee abould be 
 graated in oaee of foraiga iaraakm t erge, 
 if one of the conlractlog powera waa at* 
 tacked, the other bound itoelf In declare war 
 againat the aggreeaor.(i>) Juliua, deairoua of 
 potting hia phina into axeeutioa, ordend tba 
 Duke of Ferrara to Join the papal foroee, 
 who, although one dt hia vaaaala. utwttti 
 to quarrel with Louie, and Alpheoae'a 
 dominiona w^,« acoordiagly invadad. (*) 
 Louia, awaiff that th^duke'a real aeioia waa 
 hia altaohmanl to niaee, reeolvad to ana* 
 eour at avaiy haaard ao fbithfUl an ally. 
 
 Chajuaoot aooordingly left Milaa« aad, 
 by aa untipeeted BBoremeBt, aatpriaad 
 Ji'liua at Bologna. Hia HoUaeea wa« ill ia 
 bed but not yet eonquered ; if be aoaaaatad 
 to aageeiato arith the French geaoial at hia 
 cardiiiala'raqttaet,it only to gnia tkaa^ 
 Ha waa wakiaff for loeaa, who waa 
 advaaaiag to hia aveoear at Am haad af 
 aoBM valataa troopa. Chaaaaal 
 of taking dw Sovereign P^alif 
 loel Haw ia tioatiag with tha 
 aiaoara of tha Holy Sea. and fonnd htoaMtf 
 at laat cuapallad to retreat i ha waa tokM 
 ill aad died, imploriag tha papal aMMjr 
 aad pardon for baring baan guilty afdBn|»> 
 lag araaa ngaioet tha Chnich. JoUna ll« 
 loot ao Hiaa ia aaquainting Haaqr «Mi 
 Lottia'a inaolenoa ia having, during ptat^. 
 pteeamed to inaull the Vicar of Joaoa 
 
 II) Howard, 
 (t) Rymer. 
 (k) ByoMT. 
 (>) Ungaid. 
 
 XIII., Stl. 
 
urn or mnfm ^m, 
 
 liM |Mr^ 
 
 Cartel, kf tt^m^mtrkng ^fl ttk* tiii 
 •o«i«r U Batoflnik hi •ii4Mi|A w\ 
 fell/ talMMiwi lu fNiai»lt by MumntMiwU 
 Mtttoff tiM rrmch |wi«r«l. Hi* UuUmm' 
 
 ■MrifMM tmiMtl AO lUlU iMIIMUott in 
 
 fMmw. Abm, tha quM*. •! that tUM 
 
 •MwiNlK, bMMMt«M Um htlC •<•« l0 R* to 
 
 tr» vish tb« Pup«. :a a gg > «c h as it vetsii 
 M«ttr«lif diniw (ioit« a ouim •■ PraOM^*) 
 iku tMitaXII. mm uif«Xibto| h«M«*«lM4 
 Um bbha i yt of kM kiMgiiva at Tottra, H 
 auaandl IkMi ai M Immt Im ubiMUil aei. 
 Tliay WW of 0| mlMi thai Um king tlMttkl 
 Mra* aikr tarmi of pMM le Um Hoif Um, 
 Imi ta MM «l tlM4r MjaoUon. L««ia nigbl 
 tMnutiy Mtuk ivAmtwtm In iba iiaatilMl 
 a^alMk Um iMrwmW ««at oi^ and Louia. 
 iaaapirttaf apfMailMiM, aftw haviim KakMi 
 »«ir a kKf MirdiBaU, a«w«vka4 a conaetl at 
 Pkn. Ha aiatMl Uiat It am bia •b>at to 
 Nfami Um GhoM) in Imt 
 kar iBMnban. 'fit* faliMn 
 mmitag witli luiMit cppositiMi Irws Um 
 p»apla. iJM frow Um biuika of tb« Amo ta 
 M4liM,(*') wbara i^My waM fieliad bf all iba 
 iMhteta. Tbay than erMaad Um Alpa, 
 tmi mm rae«>v«d muk gnai fWiaula on 
 MmIv mliral at Lfoa% tliat Rona of Oanl t 
 tka vcMOB wban tiaf mat *k»m tiffiMd 
 thaawdivM with tba ainn oi tba tmmt, and 
 H* alaqnr abut Um door of tba ealba- 
 ind. wbawM it wm avidaat ik«l tba 
 ajTMfatbiM of tba pcopla w*m witb th« 
 IMf iM.(«) JuUtt« II. svincad no fMrt 
 taafpaaMo* lo ibia aabiamailo eounoil, ba 
 tb« Imbopa of Obrt«'«iidoM 
 > OB a Mrtain dntf at tba Baailiaft 
 •f tba LmanMi tba p w l a i M , anboi kri M t* 
 tba MMMNM of tba Vicar of ChiiM, abafB< 
 aMi antvad at Room fk«« aM parti of tba 
 wwUL itdiiM, ibiin, to tba wuna af 
 AlaUffbtyr Q*l, oMonmui^mlad tba oat- 
 itonlannd pnktM wbo bad MOBtanaBMd 
 kf tbabr prcMnM tba MhiaraaUoal CaaaaU 
 of ilM, who, on tbair part, did pawmea for 
 Ikair iiB4!') SborUf after. aaotl.ar mani- 
 IWm tba VaUaaa pMctaiiaad to all 
 
 (•) Bavbo. HiM. Vta., IX. 
 (>•) MaobiaveUi Ugaidoo* alia Cocta dl 
 fMMia. 
 (•0 Oaioalaruial.Storiad'Italte. X. 
 (i) Andla'a Hki» da La* X. 
 
 Rwnip* tba fbtUaa of a prin««, wbo. 
 not •Mtaiki wiUk bia oara Aiir doaitaWiM 
 of rranra. bad taban pMitMion of MkUa, 
 aitmplad lo lavada tba «(«tM uf Um 
 Cbwab. and awda baowa, ihraodb tia< 
 l*io«ia oMdals, bU taiaoUon %*i aaiiiHii^ta 
 tba mrj nan* of Boom, vbiab bo IraaMtl 
 
 Onaa oMatar of tba Ktamal CSUjri LoiUa 
 would Moa b»>t ovaroooM iIm arhuU of 
 Italy, and tba Euro|iaan tqiuUhrlum wauid 
 bar* b«Mt tbua uiMrljr il«*t«»yad. Wf can 
 UMra^uM wall u«datt(w»d iba apprabonalon 
 into wKkb tba RurufMaR po««n wan 
 pluncadt tbof wtra unilad by aMtinM^M 
 of Imt, and Mad ralifian M • fbmb to 
 aoMoal thoir ambitioa, Ona oal||r, and 
 tbat WM Joliua. aetad witb aandour and 
 iMeknoM, m ba candidly aabnowUdfod. 
 tbat tba ol^cat Im bnd In «W« In aipallik* 
 th» franob. wm Um parlbct Ubantion of 
 Itatf. A nobh Ibatuffbt. wbiab, if wo 
 ara not !att«b sist^Mn, ougbt to ba n 
 •ufloiaat apoloiy for bla martial acta. 
 Undar tba anaoar wbiab Julioa wum 
 al tba a^ia of Miraodola. bani tb« bwil 
 of a patriot and a CbrkitiMii bla cooaHf 
 
 (•) Joanah Htrdufail ■tplbtaita iraMMl Mb 
 Ladovioo PraneoruM rag* aaal InaarlMtaMi 
 
 a^f^^m Jk^t^^^« ^^^^. »^ ail&. I ahiaaa 
 
 (McniMlM da PnuMt) Umo daaeribM Um 
 MMdal . tba baad crowiod with a illjr, aad Um 
 davica. '• iMdo. J>Hhm>. n gml fM MmimI. M." 
 tm Iba lavatM tbwM Jk m m dMM abmad aadar 
 a«r«wn.wlUitbala»oily«lM: " jfc a Ma pcrdaai 
 Aal«<Mria. XHTboa (HUlsriaaiil lanMori*) 
 racarda It la Um Ugbt of a tbraalMaiiMt Rowot 
 Md M tafbtlbri la iMbdi alv. tS, wban It ti 
 Mid of RabylM bi ObaldM I " ^«r<dNi RMp> 
 bote nMMW." H'<d«>«><« !• of t dUfarMt 
 opinion. Tba OMdai wm tUnA wbila Unit 
 WM King of NoplM^ M Iba I 
 
 Xn. eaaaad (aflar IMS) M \m 
 tba UUa of KSnf of VaalM. Tba kiaM af 
 NaplM bad bMifMlitd laM Ibv IbM af tba 
 Bmpoiw PittdMMk II., Uafi of I wM ak nn 
 Uda ttUa Lodia Ril. laakprNMwMMa potdto. 
 McoM ai'Mtiila, owM IbOl ! nan PiAmMi. 
 HMftmm J b raM lM i. *• Kiag of .fw nMtan i. 
 Loob boped W tocoror tba Holy ^ vd by 
 imvagiM &m| m *u_M OalMi ouaiaonqr 
 oaUaa JWaapto. ■ 
 
 b. MO SoAMkm iki aiwiMt 
 Tba aniiaaa n%Md Umm at Ibat Uim. 
 wa ba«« n aU^t kneadodM of lb* MMdwtkMl 
 tangai^o tanaiatly Mad >f HanHMta. Hli 
 Tlaw, Klitoadb M ppartad by D« OnHHk bM 
 
 BeaiM^LUb^lMaX. 
 
•• of • pHti««, vha. 
 A» Mm flilr dowuiioM 
 M pwiiiilrn«l IlkUn. 
 d» Mm *tMM ul Omi 
 I krMwa, ihrutimli tm> 
 iWMitkw %*i uiiMkii»t« 
 ImM) vIUcIi kt towMl 
 
 itM KmhiaI CUy, Lm^ 
 ^r«r«iMii« vIm »biiU of 
 pMit t^iiilthrlMiB wauM 
 rljr iU«U»]r«ii. Wt e*n 
 
 r»lMt4 Um •pfHVkMMkM 
 
 i uniImI bry •MiiflMMla 
 nliflba M • «lMkk to 
 itka. Om oalf, mmI 
 :tMl wUli CMidoiir atMl 
 MMliilljr MkvowUdfod, 
 Ad in «W« la «i|MlUk« 
 ta fwrfbd Ubantio* of 
 ilK»ij«hl, vhkab, if w« 
 (t&k«a, ouglit 10 be « 
 
 for hto oMiriiAl aet*. 
 ir «ry«h Juliiu wuM 
 mudtim bMl Uui Imm« 
 
 ChriattMii kk c<o«uiuy 
 
 iiini ■tpllMita HttMMl Mb 
 M r«|i smI inMrtottoMi 
 
 iM) ikaa <l«MrlbM iIm 
 ' wtti « illjr, m4 Um 
 
 DfiyttM: " mmim pi ' 
 
 iM ( HUlsfia Mil (Muori*) 
 t af • (luMiai»iiMl RvHMi 
 twMk xlT. M^ wkm It to 
 
 nluttia to «f > dUfafwl 
 i mm Mraek wktle LoHto 
 ^Mikal 
 
 OMMdl (tdM IMM) !• UM 
 
 >f HmIm. Tk« ktafi (rf 
 IM Mmd tlW MM if tiM 
 
 N. At King of /ontMtaM, 
 p«T«r tlw Holjr i WHl ^ 
 Aw M Caifat aoaiawqr 
 lakMMib vMinatoa^ wuMx 
 ttlMNra anhKlUiM. IM 
 
 wad> H 
 rortwl fey Da 
 
 Mr« o»' mMNr ftti. 
 
 ) il«){v«««<|. It wM hia lnb>nU«« b* rail 
 o« kto allka la \m\u •ga^oM iIm tuQiUI*, 
 «'Im>, Uavian CoiMi«ntiii«t»lr. Had iaarch««i 
 lato Qannanf to lav*( %km cnmt ul 
 tha Ratia«iK«' I0 iba grottml. W4 aaa 
 •aarcatf ballava ika Kuruiiaan monarcka 
 to hava Itaaa aoluatad bj •incarityi tbajr 
 aspraas--^ ihstr d«to; aiiiau»s u> aad«rta>« 
 t wa'. of ajiurntinaiiuii agalaat tba I'urki. 
 M (Uatrojr Ika achitoi wuk whwb Lauia 
 ibraataoad tka Chiirab, arid lo litfaad Iba 
 Cburab frma wbloh oartain raballitNia ciar- 
 •linala bad aaca«t«ii in«ri praMiM bf 
 whi«b tkajr aouglti to oloak o*mt Ibair Uagua 
 acalaat PnnM. 
 
 A trMi^ of alliaaoa, ofbnaira and dafan- 
 ai««, WM rigaad birtwaaa tba P«|ia. Ptrdi- 
 BMid of Spoia, and tba iU'iublia («f 
 Vaai«a^) Maaimil«n baaiutad Ui braak 
 wilk LouU Xll. I ba kad Juat coiaptaiMd 
 b t tta r l y of Jalhw'a owditat la a Uttar to tba 
 lababiiaBU of OalnkatM^B. "Tba Eaip». 
 ror Mid tka VAag of Pfaaca," asul be» 
 " bava f*%«raaal]r aeeordail «u Utidiai o tka 
 Haijr tfaa to rapal *>*• to'i*'^ > )>«A uutaad of 
 auteff tbair mvtfy for tba iriuaipb of tba 
 (oapai. tka Popo kaa aapipbiyad it to rata 
 lia^. 1 kav«i aa lUa« o( tba BooMni. iba 
 rlRkt lo valok ovar tka Ubarok of Cbritt, 
 aod ka«% tliaNlara, raaolvad to OOttfoba a 
 couaatl la «rbj«b all CJuiotaadaa aball ba 
 rapraaaata d .**!*) Juliua tnaatad tka aoi- 
 paior'a IkioaU wilk «il»nt coatanpl, aad 
 Paniiaaad waa eooimMiioaad to point out 
 to MailmiUan tkal tkmr oowoioa intaraai 
 raqoirad tbaai to uppoaa tba prugraot of iba 
 RmMkia Italy 1 Maiciauluui wsa ooavinotd, 
 aa4 H«wrr o itoa d no raawtaaea uj tba 
 prayan of tka laa|[«a, aa ika liolj 8aa, 
 NcoaApmMnit Ua far kto prompt obadionoa, 
 had |i*aaila»d klm tka tM« of "Moat 
 GHitotiaa ktait." whioh Loai* XII. bad 
 foaMtad Iht kia •ebkni.C) Watoey aiao 
 waa Kal kftck«ai4 in pointwn oat to kit 
 — «< t ar Ihaae portiwna of fViinca wbick 
 a pp ar t aiwad to tba Etmliak orawa. 
 Yo«Mg waa atapatcbad aa »» ambaaaador 
 t«PHuMf. to daaM»l tka tirioiaatioB of 
 tba-war iKaiiMt tha VMf Soa, tka raatofatioa 
 of Baiogaa to tko Chatck, Ika diMiolutioa 
 of tba atoankly at Ptaa* tka aakaowladfa* 
 
 ■) LlBtanJ. 
 
 ^ JMunUll, foatkit LonlK. 
 Harbart'ablbolUwiuy VIII. 
 
 II 
 
 mani of ilia Council iif Lataran. and iba da- 
 •arlion of Alpboaati. Dub* of Fvrnra. I^mia 
 rttuma<l an tvaaira -tnairar to ibaaa d«ro«o4a 
 of tba KiiKlith Mvarvlun | snd a«<M>rdinf ly 
 a Mw traaly mwt ttKoad batwaan tba bla«a 
 of Knxlaiia aod Spaiik, on tba iTib of Ji«^ 
 vMabar. ISiJ.(a) AfWr having tnvikad 
 :ba aiu <,f Aiiu^iiity {».>d, oar Lorii jaaaa 
 Chri.t, (ti« HUmkU Vifgio. and tbeCVUalial 
 (Jourt uf tba protaotora and arangara of tba 
 Holy Cktirok. ibay dachuad war againat 
 tba King of Fmnoa. wi>oBi lh«jr |>arpoMd 
 to pwraua mitanly im Italy, but •▼•• In bia 
 own ktngdoini— at flnM in Uu^nna. a prcc 
 viae* atolan (rum liagland, aod which (bay 
 raaolrad lo raalora tu ita iagittmala ownar (•) 
 To rrcnnqoar a prorinea thai had for- 
 imrly bal<>H«(a<l to Kngland, waa calculatad 
 u> iattar liaory'a Tanily aoMi ambition i ba 
 waa too young and too fond of diatinieitoa 
 not i« ba eaugtit by H, Parhapa altu Ita 
 waa a IimI* griavwj at «Mini( tha agod 
 RtMBan Puiibff'. whom on» m ixmia XU.'a 
 •oldiara had aaarly aada priaoaar, daaartad 
 by a^ma ol bia brofthroa, and imptor'M tta 
 aid of bit atliaa. Tba a uppl ieaiiona U tba 
 oohln and ina^apirited old man r«r* likaly 
 to iouob a« young a bwut 1 fov at Iwoaty. 
 two wa ara iacliaad to it\mf tha irat i«a> 
 polaa I and we muai not forget that iloRry'a 
 mothar waa ramarliabla for hrr piaty. Ha 
 waa akoat to malia war %|*inat Franca in 
 obadiaaaa to iba Churob, aad aa bar akaa- 
 pian. to dafand bar ligbla. (') Wbila 
 MaiinuUaa and Fardinaad wara taer«tly 
 ptottiaj tha aubjagation of fraaaa, Uaary 
 aeud a aandid aad koaoMnvhla part. 
 By kia ordara a saw atwhaaaador bad 
 baaa aent, aa kiogmt-anna, to daoiand 
 from tha Praach mentrch tha raatituUoa of 
 Ouienna, ioatiuuoh aa it had formarly ap- 
 partainad to tha crown of Kngland. To 
 tbia iaaoleut raoaaafe Lunia XII. rcpUad aa 
 kaoama a aoToreigb, aad acoordiBgly war 
 waa do«larad.(i) Parliamaot aaaamblad 
 tba 4tk of r^bruary, l&ta, to raoeiva a 
 royal maaaage. Hcary, ia coBa man i a attoi 
 
 (*) «a|du <la Tboyrai, Syner.XlII.. 811. 
 
 (•) HajFin de Thoyraa. 
 ') That it WM atoording to hm duty and to 
 tb« Church, that fur Uod't quarrala a» for 
 raoovartag bto own hfht, hr would puraua and 
 ooniinua tbii w«r. to M» D«^ Owaa.-— 
 Strypa. 
 
 (l) Licgrtd. 
 
 ■V 
 
Ufl or MIKMT VIII. 
 
 Wtvte9, pro *— t it lh«l iIm xita »h|#et h« 
 ImmI In *!•« w*§ ih« d«iiv«rMit • of i)i« l*ii|>« 
 and ik« rflMoliiituii «f ik* Mhiam*ti«)«l 
 •aiineil ••< PIm, MttlxidtM «( t»n»t*iitht 
 ■nd twti-AftMnlba w*n Vutarf (•) || liad 
 b««fi agraad M|)<in h«(w««n lUnry and ftr- 
 dinan>i, llial iHa tormar a<>var*t((n ahouid, 
 tn A|*rll, hava an mrmy ol 6, (MM) m»n 
 ratdf, eommanilad bf a akilM ulHrar, 
 «yia tka KtiiR nf Naptaa waa on hit {tut 
 %» ralaa an armj of XM) riMnat-arina, I.MO 
 Uflhl tmrtdty, 4,on() infanlry, and a flaal 
 ■MR*] bjr ao(X) man fur the tavMion of 
 OttlaniM. Hanry, conAdlnK In hia alilaa, 
 laMf inad ib'l ba would aaaity oonqaar ibU 
 provlnca « but ha vaa d«eriv«d by hU faihar- 
 la-lav, wboM aola o'lja^t waa l<t fm«qu«r 
 Navam by Iha aid of tha RnnlUh troopa 
 hhI lb* apirUiMl intarfaranca «f JuUut.(k) 
 At Um parto't A>ad <>n by iha trMty, tba 
 Mirqiila of Dui nt «p{>4>aroil at tha head of 
 Uia Kniiiiih foreea on lim coaat of flnipiia- 
 •Mb whlUl Bdwtr<l liOrd Howard eniiiad 
 katwar. Koirl»nd and 8p«in(*) Dora*t 
 •oon fjarcaivMl tbai Ptnlinand'a ntnaroaity 
 towvda hia aon in-law waa dicutad \rf 
 fWaUnga of pu>t gfilftahnaaa i tha Knnllah 
 ||«n«r»l propoaed at one* iiiuubinir on 
 Bayoona. and thua opaniof tba road to 
 Ouianaa, but P«rdinan<l objaotad on th* 
 ••ora that it w«a biHhly naoeaaary to aaoura 
 Jolw d'Albrvt, King of Navarra, who had 
 tt la kit povar, if to diapoaMi, (« iittaroapl 
 aU eooMBUBlMtlaii batwaan Spain and tha 
 OMilnaad aniiiaa.(') fardinand atatad 
 tlwl la hia opiniun tbalr r«ul to Quianna 
 luj throaffh Nararra, of which they miKht 
 laka poaaesaion of thfw or four of tha 
 aoal important gitiaai tba cr*Ay monarch 
 tharafora ordartd Dofaat to act in con- 
 Joactloa with tha Doha of Alva, who bad 
 marahad affaioat tha Kln«r of NaTam. 
 Tha BaHliah ganarai, aftar oonaulting with 
 bh eoaaeil. nplied, that auofa oondoet 
 woakl ntH b« in coinplianoa with hia in- 
 atowlioaa i but Perdinand inaiatad on boing 
 obayad, proniaing him in rctam aaaisunea 
 in raducing Bayonne aftar tha capitulation 
 
 M CampbaU'a Uvaa ot tha Brit. Adaiirala. 
 (•) Liagard. 
 
 (*l Gabrial Ohappuy, Hiataira da loyanoM 
 danaTana. 
 
 af Patnpaliiaa. Pampalona aapitalalad 
 aflar • hnaf •t«ga, an Iha Iftib July, tftll. 
 y»t Fanlinand dctaywd joining noraal. 
 Wara ibara not olhar ttni^irtanl riliaa la 
 Navarra to ba radarad, U«i lh«y might In- 
 larcapt tbaiv marab, and ibua eompriMsiaa 
 iba ■urr«aa of thvir •tpcilition P(*) 
 
 Jiia iiulia of Alva eoniinaad hia op«ra~ 
 ttona In Navarra. wblH Doraal lay uila In 
 I la eamp. Hut thia Inactivity waa by no 
 maana gratwAil to iba Pnrliah ganaral, who 
 (■<ini|ilain«d to hi* aovarrign of Pardinand'a 
 cnndiiei, but ba ba<l l>Min aniiripatad la 
 thia (tap by tha Hpanlah mnn«r«h, who 
 bad daapatcbad an ambaMa«ior (Martini 
 d'Ampioato) to liondon to oomplaln of 
 I)or«tt'« ayatamatl« inactivity. Haary. da- 
 caivad by Pardinand'a rapraaantationa, 
 daapatobad a h«rald-at>arma to tha marquia 
 of Doraat, commanding bim to ubay tha 
 Spartiah monarch i aacura of I>oraat'a eo- 
 oparatian, iha liiog atatad that ba purpnacd 
 marching immadiaiaiy if foiiuwad by liit 
 allyO 
 
 Tha Praneh army oceupiad a atrong 
 poaition. Rneampad batwcan Bayonna 
 and .Salvatiarra, it had in Aront tha Bidaaioa, 
 whioh tha enamy could not croaa without 
 riakt baaldaa, fafdinand'a plan waa par* 
 factly Impraetioabla, and Doraat, unahia to 
 copa with hia advaraary at tha haad of an 
 army, waakaaad by aioknaaa and famina, ra- 
 quaatad tha loan af aooM vaaaala to ratum 
 to Rogknd. At tkia jHiaetwa, ika Windaor 
 harald-at-arma arHvad witk H««ry*a maa- 
 aa^a, which eauaad ika BagUah army to 
 mutiny, and aa Doraat found himaalf unabia 
 to kaap than in aubjaetion, ba aailad 
 for Bagtaad, wkara ka laadad on tha I at 
 of NoTomkar. Vardinaad had tnuwpbad i 
 h* had daeaivad Hanry, and wua nuMter 
 of Navarra, which Lcmia Mad in vain 
 to regdn. Hia eoiM|iMrt muat ba pra- 
 aarveil t and accordingly Pardinand kan*' 
 Jnliua II. to promidgata a kuU of oaoom* 
 munioation againat John d'Alkrat, wkiok 
 waa witlingif aaoorded. By thia bull, 
 tha authcn^ty of which wa moat aeicno«P> 
 la«^ ia axccading dubiona, ^AlbrM waa 
 dapitaad on tha plaa of hia attachmant 
 to aokiWMktioa, and the King of NaplM 
 
 m 
 
 MariumXXX. OaupbcJl^ 
 
 -MalL 
 
 Liagard. Harbart, Petri Mattjiiib Bpi** 
 
LIVI or MtNIIT Vtll. 
 
 // 
 
 Ptrapalun* «wpitttUt«<l 
 
 Ml lh« IfttH Jtttf. ISll, 
 
 Ihar Kni^irtaiil rlliM I* 
 ic«d, ImI lh«7 mtffhl In* 
 ). ftnd that •ompriMBiM 
 r atpcililion P(*) 
 Iva eiiniiniMii hi* ofMra- 
 vhtN Doraai lay Mila In 
 lia tnaciivttjr waa by no 
 ha F itflUli (antral, whu 
 •overrinn i>f Vardtnaml'a 
 ia<i bmn aniiripaud in 
 N{iani«h inan«reh, who 
 n ambaMMtar (Marlini 
 andon to oomplaln of 
 ' Inac-ttvilf . Haary, da- 
 and'a rapraaanUtiona, 
 l>at-arma la iba laarquia 
 ndinf bim lo ubar tba 
 aacura of Doraat'a eo- 
 atatad that h« purpitaad 
 laijr if fiiiiuwad by hit 
 
 If oceapiad a atrong 
 tad balwean Bayonna 
 ad in ftroni iha Bidaaiita, 
 eoald not croaa truhout 
 dinand't plan araa pti^ 
 , and Uuraai, unabia to 
 raary at tha baad of an 
 aiolinaaa Md famina, ra- 
 r aoma Taaaala to raturn 
 ■ JHiBetan, ika Windsor 
 rad wMi Htary'a maa> 
 
 i ilM Ba||U«i> •nny ^ 
 aatfoand hlmaalf unabia 
 
 aubjaetion, ba aailad 
 I ha laadad on iha iat 
 liinMid bad tnumpbad i 
 lanrf, and wua nuuiiar 
 I Lctaia Wad in rain 
 ooqnaiA mutt b« pra- 
 Incly Pardinand baf gad 
 ulgata a bull of axoom* 
 
 John d'Albnt, whioh 
 Mrded. Bj thia bull, 
 irfaifh wa ninat Bct(noar« 
 
 dubiona, d'Albrat ^nm 
 m of hi* attaohmant 
 1 iba King at Na|ila« 
 
 . OaBBfball,r-Ra]L 
 art, Patii llart]ni% Ipk. 
 
 athnftad Ut roaiia goad hia rlaim to tba 
 arown of N«»iirr«(«) KagUml waa alao 
 un«uceaa*Atl at aaa. lUntf hafl vjntniaWd 
 tha eonimand of Iba iaat to Edward l^ord 
 Howard, aldaal ton of iha Karl of Murray. 
 Ulr Thoniaa Ki>«r«li had pla«a<i hIa Ha., on 
 tha Raiianl. and HirCbarlaa ll/andon, (aflar- 
 warda eraalad Uuht of »i 1"uU.) aiucha.1. 
 without ordara, tha Oordaliar. e<immanda<l 
 by Primauf ual, inannad lif arraw of l,0<X), 
 InlhuHrvil lloailt.onlhaKHh AuKuai, 1513. 
 Hut hi* «hip waa iniinadiataty iliainaatad 
 by iha ananty'a Mra, and ha waa eompallcd 
 loratraai. ThaR«iiantnAW*lowly advanoad 
 under Iha command of Hir rhomaa Knavtil 
 to uka iU placa. A larrthia (^ont»«l cnauad 
 batwaan ihaaa two Rianta of tba aaat tha 
 flubl had ronlinuad for mora than an 
 hour, whan Knavalt racairad aaalatanoa. 
 PrlmauKU«t aacinK thai all waa loat mI lira 
 lu tha Cordaliar, and than IwartlinK Iha 
 RaKanl eommunlcaud iha flamaa lo that 
 raaaal. Both immaillataly aank. unid tba 
 abriaka and Rroana of tha crawi,(k.i whlla 
 Lord Howard, kna«t|in||un tha dack, vowad 
 Miat ba would not a^ain aaa Haiiry'a faca 
 uotil ha had ravangad NtrThomaa KnavrU'a 
 daatb.(«) 
 
 (•) Notlcada MM. du rol, 11.. 570. 
 
 (k) PolyHnra Vii|iil. 
 
 (•) Til* fullowinit Kngllak vaaaal* iuok part 
 la (hi* naval mi(«||eni«iit: — 
 
 The H*|[«iit. I,(X)U ton*; Tha Mary R«««, 
 MUi Tba Fatar Piiinc|trHnitl<t, MMi Juhn 
 Hopion'* ihip, 40Ui Tha NlohuU* Haada. 
 400s Tha Mary Juha. '140; Tba Anno of 
 Oreanwich, 160 i Tha Mary U^orie. 300 1 
 Tha Draeon, lUO ; Tha Lyon. 130 ; The Bar- 
 bara, 140; Tha Oeoraa of Falmouth, 140) 
 Tha i'aUr of Fuwry. 120; The Ntuliulta of 
 Hanplon, 300, Tba Maninat, 180; Tba 
 
 ()•«•(, TO, Tha ChrMoyhat Davy. Ifl0| TiM 
 NabvMi, l'il>.~Afh«U>fl* VI., Hill 
 
 la* hatil* ••• I Uim«<l hy both iMiIm, and 
 (•«• rtM lo a lllarary dlauuta b«t«*an Rrt«a 
 an<l Ml' Ikumaa Mora HrU*. Mrla, or Brtilu^ 
 arlrai* aarrdary u> iha (Ju«an ■<( Franvii ( Ettla. 
 Mitri Kraamo, (lran<l<,l, Iftitl) «<>myiia*<< a 
 I, aim fmm <>t VtH haiamalar varaaa, (•> i>*l»* 
 brata iWa aairal »l«l«iy w..« by Iha Franek, 
 fiilliiad •• iitrfu*. fW* ( karmtfftm amtrn tmm- 
 JUpfitn," Parte. IftLI. — I'anmr. Ann. iyp. 
 IX , p. M4 Sir Ihumaa Mora, wku had 
 alraaoy ciHnpoaad a l.altn ptwm •• llanry'a 
 rnronatlon, •n(lll*<l " /a mu M fiti 4^4*m«tm 
 4nm Htitrlei yill . rarmtm frttUMorimm," 
 Imaclnail that Hrka maanl to Inault Kn|l*ni|. 
 and accurdinaly wn»u a |<««m in himoiir of 
 Howard. (Tbomai Mori (liwra.) But not 
 aallaAad wlih thi* ha allackrtd Hrlc« in tarlooa 
 •plttram* (/a MrltiMm Otrmammm fmit MrU 
 ht»um 4* <:kot4H<^4 naM Oalltirum <l H*nn» 
 Hu» dmet.) Kiaemua, Ihair mutual fViaiid, 
 ileairad Brio to ba •ilant ( KpM BrimU 
 fMtan. I5lri,) but Hrioa havlna piibad ua 
 ih* iiaunilet thrown d'<wT. by Mora, rapliadi 
 (OrriMani HnmU AHHt»»mlort»*i* 4»timaru«, 
 BratwH a4 tfm (I t/y«liM HrUU vtrbo»m m4 
 kune «^i*ln't ytnmn4mlur iifni4 f'lmrad 
 Httth, /.atatM, m etfietM Ptm, f^nt^t, 
 I boo ) 1'balr qnarral did unt larmlnaia hera. 
 Tha nJllowinH app«ar*<l In rapid iuinm«ion j— 
 " /n CAor>4iir«raM na wai «l AitUmitrum SfliMtm 
 Girmuml KrtMti OalU - In kuna k*itdt(m$f)Uit- 
 kmm. tmo lr*4Hiim tyUahamm mrmm Ontmani 
 Krtmu OnlU, tm Aitlimoro lumptum. Kraamoa 
 again lnitirf<<riid, ami Ihiit wrote to Bricat 
 " I'ualremA nolim eoa intor a* dianmlh* quorum 
 ntnimqiie pari oom-.itoctur animc," and reciin< 
 nandad *ilani:a to Mora, but in raiu, aa tka 
 conl**> aiiil went on. Mcomola In hi* Mlogta 
 rfoeloram in OatlU tirorum, (Janca, IWflk) 
 thu* apeak* of ihi* dlacuaaion : — 
 
 " Having been Pr<ti«iy and unjiiatly ttlaekad 
 bv a vary learn* \ Kngllah writer, Thonta* 
 More, ha carria '. ot (he viui<>ry in tha opinioa 
 of all leamad men. HI* trinm^, kowarar, 
 waa not very ^eat. m neither of iha dlaputantl 
 equalled the poeu then fluuriahtiif In Italy." 
 
 It ia certain that in tbla battle the EnglliA 
 ahlpa outuumberrd the French. The Eagllah 
 baa forty-nva of dlArant aUaa.~OaaipbaU. 
 
 ■i !; 
 
•« 
 
 urn or iikniit Titk 
 
 OHAPTER IV. 
 
 WAR WITH FRANCE.— I510.-15I3. 
 
 ■ ; 
 
 Htniy oontinnM to b« d«e«ired by bit aJllM. — Letter from Leo X. to Hrory, eoIieltiDf bim to enltr 
 into • leeyue ■gtinit Fr»nce.— PrepenKou* for War in EngUnd. — Henrjr iuide at Celtii. — 
 1 Battle of tbe Spun.— Siege and oaptnre of Tmimiy — Waf witb 8ooUaad.— Battlt of Flodden 
 .i f laid, and death of Jamee IV.— BkeUon.—KaUtarine. 
 
 Thii engagement, in the Brest Rokde, 
 bttiraen forty-five of England's best ship* 
 and thirty-five Frenoh veaaels, some of which 
 ««n Miueely set-worthr, wai indeed « iMt- 
 tng stain on the British flag. The loss of the 
 Mgent wn regarded in London aa a public 
 eakaUy) and Wolsey, on learning this 
 vabiM^ply event, thus wrote to Fox t "l 
 h aseaa l i you, my lord, to keep this nawa 
 a saoaty Ibr aone, save the king and myaelf 
 iNM Minted with it.''(*) 
 ;,,PaBty eontinued to be the dupe of bia 
 tHMerates who, after the Fnach, had 
 liltaRtad from Italy, encouraged him to 
 l^oraM lua hostilities againat Louis Xn. 
 by dhring to plaoa all their avi^labla 
 lra<b{pa at his disposal tar the invaaion of 
 fir^uie^ Guienna would now fkll into the 
 
 fi•d•9f BngUnd. Intheletter.COiawhtel| 
 •singUian makea mentipnof the griavawaa 
 ba bad reteived firom the King of FMoooa, ba 
 m»wed feelings of snob intanse 'batM 
 . that Hsfwry imagined himeelf (•mom of Vk 
 aid. FenUnand 'bad oonquered Navarre, 
 and therefore would Uso assist him; and 
 could Julius, after the liberation of Italy, 
 pardon one who had issued a medal with 
 tba legend, "Perdam Babykmia nomen?" 
 Heni7, therefore, bad every reason to eon- 
 £da in the alliance cS tbe Holy See. But 
 be waa again doomed to baeoiBe the dupe 
 cif bia aliiea. Ferdinand^ on!y wiahed to 
 make tiae of the name of England as a 
 check-string whereby he might keop 
 Navarre in awe, being assured that wera 
 
 (*) Fiddes,Oolleo. 
 (k) Bapin de Thoyras 
 
 Louie attacked by Henry, he would' be 
 obliged to yield that province. Maximi* 
 Uan'a object in fomenting war was to 
 enrich bia eoflhrs with the subsidiea ra« 
 eeired horn bia riliea, for the aaintenanee 
 of fbroes that he never BMaot to levy. 
 
 JuHne, contented witb having eataUiabad 
 tbe boBsea of Sforaa at Milan and Medids 
 at Florcnca, and r ecover e d tba aadant flah 
 of the Churdi, bad no loagor any isteretl 
 ht proloBghig a qoarrsl wUbrfimnm t b»> 
 sides, he waa dybig. Louia had not beaa 
 disbearteaed by bia reverses! fot at tba 
 time of tbe aceasaioo of Lao ||. to tba 
 Pontifical throne, tba King «f iNMa waa 
 thinking of reeonoMrkHI MttH^wMcb had 
 been for tbi ImI ift««tt jfaM .tM aiosa of 
 aoicebbl ooM si .( «) 11m VMftiaa Ba> 
 public, avarCufgatMl^f bar aUaa^aignad 
 a treaty al ^iMa m j|» ittib ittUmeh, 
 wherda fha prngM *» mkit Louis ia 
 raaovsiteg MUalklOnaMBa, lad Ohiara. 
 dadda^Franoa,yj|laaJ|liM|^ Brescia. 
 and Cremawmafnttiii bMMMtttbatariea 
 of the npobUcC) liiia preparatftna ft* 
 war in Rraaea and TMImi ww« a HarMof 
 great aflictioa to Lae* JX.. wlw h*y«d to 
 have been able to iaangaratafela PtMitMcata 
 by tiwreeoaeiliatkm at ChiislMMbmj thlia 
 the Holy See was ftor tta aa40Bd tim* 
 menaced with tbe deprlvatiMi at Fteou 
 •ad Fiaeeaaa. Leo, b^ laaolved to 
 qypoee the claima vi Lonbb i^pUod to 
 Eagkad for asdatanca. 
 
 Of ail the Enropeaa moavakib witb the 
 
 Oaioeialdiai XI. 
 
 Ocdex dl^ LaBig.^l>« Moat, fninta. 
 
 mmmm. 
 
rj, tolieltinf bim to tnltr 
 -Henr; land* at Ctldt. — 
 dand.— BatU* of FkNMfn 
 
 Henrf, he would' be 
 «t prorfaM*. lluliiii> 
 imeiiting wer wm to 
 irith the rabeiiHae re< 
 a, fi>r the aeiBleiiMee 
 rer neMBt to levy, 
 with herlngeeteUiehed 
 k at Miltn end Medicfs 
 oTcrcd the aaeleat fleh 
 I M loBRer «B7 istenel 
 •rrel wiOrlhMMe i be* 
 
 Louie bed not beea 
 I teveneei lot et the 
 loB of Leo i;. to the 
 M Kittn o( iNMe wee 
 iHoff MliM^vhkb bed 
 eea jeeM.Aieiineof 
 [•) ne VMotiwi Be- 
 A «n>erdiiei« eifiied 
 otiie l«th tf IfMCb, 
 nd «« eeeiek Lovle to 
 Dr — o ne , Md ^hi«n« 
 kile QetfeaM^ Breede. 
 ittfe beMM tribatMlM 
 
 Sptvpefiwiin fee 
 «M« e ioangeof 
 ^ win hepcd to 
 rnnwete bit PMitMoete 
 of Chrie tM l dw Bi tblte 
 for the iMkMBd thM 
 deprivetiiM of Ftuvw 
 lov bd«|^ veeolved to 
 vl Loobb Implied to 
 loe. 
 •D noBseiHk «itb the 
 
 I. 
 
 Bl(^I>« MoAt. Tnitle. 
 
 
 1.1 rK ov mtNBT nil 
 
 eieeption of Leo X., Hrarjr wee the moel 
 dietinRuiehed for hie leeroinfr, end in order 
 to win him ovei to hie ceuee the Pontiff 
 •ddieeeed to him a Lntin letter, extolling 
 him to the ekiea, meBtioning hie daf^otion 
 to the Holy See aa one of hie beet qoaliflea- 
 lionet and renewing the ptomiae made by 
 hie pradaoeeaor of beetowlog on bicn the 
 Utie of " Moet ChriatiMi lwifr."C) Hie 
 Latin phraaeology, hie hrinMonioue atyle, 
 and hie prudent ehoioe of werde and 
 ex|»eeeiona, completely woo tbe yeunn 
 prinee'a heart. The veeael eonveyiiif thie 
 letter and aome preeente for Henry, aailed 
 up the Thamee, and anchored Mmidat royal 
 ealuiee off Oreenwidi.(k) Henry felt no 
 beaitatioa in aigninf tbe treaty of Mechlin, 
 whereby the contractin«( partiee bound 
 tbemedvea to defend the iodependenoe of 
 the Holy See. Meximiliaa, faowerer, re* 
 fkiaed to eiftn until Henry bribed him by 
 promielBg him £8,000^ payable in three 
 equal iaet«lme«te.(«) Ourdinal BambridKe, 
 the Bnglieh ambeeeedor at Rome, made no 
 eeoret of hie maater'e intention of going 
 to WW widi ftmrceiC) The people be- 
 Uered tbe cevdllial, aad ftrliaaenfr granted 
 tbe eovereign a eubeidy and a poll-tar, to 
 earry o» the w«r againat Louie XIL(*) 
 Lord Howard eidHtd ftwm Bagland in 
 the oonnaf of Aprils lSlf;4^li a fleet of 
 lUrty^two veeMe for thi'Moenpliabment 
 •f Me vow. Heiraabnveevwtoradiaeeai, 
 il being hie maxim that "a eaUor waagood 
 
 (i) Bembo, Bdat. 83. 
 
 I*) Andrew^ Riet. of OfeatBriteim 
 
 (•> AppuiMaaaMBto earn Leene»Pa|ia,i pro 
 da&naiaiMi BiiilaeiM Tin Mont. 
 
 (f) Hie eoRMNn^enoe ia M the Britlah 
 Moaaom. M88.i^ Vlteil., B. S. 
 
 (•> The eabHiy wan Uriiai «• the pMMHy 
 ef emy friwie iadivtiMl. but itdeMaided ea 
 
 XXVI. XXyiU-A Mu, «l lie. 4d., a 
 m«rtuiaoreari.C4i (bait WHea(£i«>beiwi. 
 
 fc?llet. or iNuwMaiktti Jai%b«iwMt'ioi|deo( 
 iU:qiMt, CI lOh-; leaded pnMritiilr.of aU 
 
 ■If w^Rf^' 
 
 to AMk liUa, flrai»><lftto «H Ah» 
 
 4llCk "kn belew .41; le. t piieaaej^Ma*ed <* 
 
 peiaoael pnv*i^ above £800. <f JlB.,4i;i 
 
 tfm JMW to c6oiii£a^«M(>£iotti* uao, 
 
 41 (ie^MaiiiM8i.£lil> toi£IO%4&!444-«ot^ 
 
 le.,fk«« 
 
 ■.Mhiumm-U 
 flto««|6Zr| 
 
 4i 
 
 for nothing unleai hia oourage amounted to 
 a degree of madnent," and to ihic idea he 
 feU a victim.(r) The Freni;h fleet, et en. 
 chor in Breet harbour, iirae waiting for a 
 reinforcement, promiaed them by Prrf- 
 gent, and which Lord ilooard had de- 
 termined on intercepting. The Engliah 
 admiral fslt ao euro of lucoeee, that he 
 wroto to Henry begging him to come and 
 witnee* the eneroy'e defeat i but he waa 
 ordered on no account to attack the French 
 while they remained in harbour {(v) thie 
 order Howard obeyed. In the meanwhile, 
 Pr^ent arrived with hie reinforcement, and 
 anchored in the bay of Conquet, near 
 Breet, between two rocka well planted with 
 cannon. Howard advanced on the enemy 
 with two veeeeU. one carrying hia own flag 
 aa admiral, and the other that of Lord 
 Femn, and boardfd Pr^ent'e veatela. 
 Unfortunately the grappling irun gave way, 
 aad liord Howard, after performing prodi- 
 giee of valour, fell bto the eea. wounded 
 by a eailor. On peroeiving hie veeael at a 
 diataafle, the brave admiral plucked off hia 
 chain of knighthood and all the iaeignia of 
 hie rank, and plunging into the deptha of 
 the o,-iean waa no more aeen.(h) P»^ent 
 gave ohaae to the Eng lieh fleet aa flir aa ^he 
 eoaet of Sincex, when Tbomaa Lord 
 Howard, who had aueeeeded bie biotber 
 aa admiral,(0 compelled the French fleet to 
 
 (0 It wu a fliToariU maxim of thie biave 
 mant-that no eailor waa good for anytbiOg 
 nulem hia courage amounted to a degne ut 
 BMdaeMt and to thia alartliag axiom he now 
 Ml a victim — ^IVtler. 
 
 it) Campbell. 
 >>) BlUa preeeate hie reeden wi4> aa m* 
 
 i! 
 
 tewailiig letter written bv Howard ahurtly 
 before Ma death. Howard, in 16li received 
 ae kia pay lOe. imv 4ita^ inohidiag everything. 
 - J»er tUim, aad tho 
 
 The captaia bu la. 6d. „ 
 
 eaiteia Be. per i WMe ai, a mgath reclMMiiat but 
 tweaty«etikt da^-( Lediard. ir*Mr« gimU 
 * Am^tWrt. y There bad act been alaoeddff 
 oooquaei any parmaaeat floMibi BalfaMMt^tha 
 por^ aad harbonra aupp&d their qim« et 
 veaeele. e^MB required. Heaiy waa the fliat 
 aoirai«%a that eeuiUiihad a regular Oaetlil 
 ipatitatedoa admiralty. nT?!?^ 
 
 (>j Jdwafd Lord Howard had aervediatdi* 
 alage of Granada aa a vdnateer. He be- 
 quealhed ee a keepeake to Katharine tl|e cup 
 batoBgiDg to St. Thomaa q^Cukte^aiy. «ikd 
 I which ia aow ia< tU»^po«Nalotf «e^P.< H. 
 Howard, Beq., M*, efCer^XaaBal-fcifc 
 of Bteaaera of Aqnitatee. 
 
«< 
 
 LIVE or RIRM Tin. 
 
 rttrait to Br««t, «nd then tuula Mi) for 
 Duvtr to act u tn eacon to th< EnKliah 
 umy wbila orotainK tha cliannal to Ctlaia. 
 
 Heory entruated !ill tlir nace«aary pra- 
 pMmtiona for tba expedition to hia Almoner, 
 whioh the prieat diaohargad u well aa If ha 
 had bean brought up in the campt for 
 Wolaej waa one of that olaaa of men whoaa 
 ganiua equal their ambition, and are able to 
 •xecuu til that they undartaka. Jhe fa. 
 Toarita'a fortune waa riaing rapidlj. In the 
 eourae of a fbw weeka. he had been ap* 
 pointed canon of York, and St. Peter'a, 
 Weetminater, pnhf\ad'.ry ot Bugthorpe, 
 and raotor of Torrington, in the diocoaa of 
 Kiotor.(*) Henrjr waa cbamed with him. 
 Never had there been anch fon lidable pre- 
 ptrationa for war ; for durioK ' ^'* iMt ten 
 yeAra, France had met in deadv atrife tha 
 ■onntaineera of Uri and Untarwalden, tha 
 knoera of tha empire, the cavalry of Perdi. 
 •and. and the Pi^m) archera, and abe had 
 trarywhera ahown heraelf worthy of her 
 name and poaition. Up to thia period, aha 
 had aetad on the offenaivet aha waa now 
 called OB the defenaive. Fifty f««a«)a eailad 
 from Dover, having on board 35^000 omb 
 Ib thiM divlnoB% two of whieb wei« onder 
 the comaaukl ,ct tha Barl of Shrawabuiy 
 wd Lord Htrbert. whila the third waa 
 hmM by the king himaelf.(k) The Earl 
 of SvlElk, who had been eoBdenned 
 dviiag tha laat reign, aofared before Henry 
 •BtbwkMl for CaUit. 
 
 U« liad thoa fallan bto the baada of 
 HM17 VII. PhUip. Arehdnka of Auaiiia, 
 IwppMMBg to b* wtecKad on tha ahorea of 
 BhImmI. r«g«iaed hia Ubatty by pBooiiaiiMi 
 to deliver up to tha king tho KmA of Sttf- 
 folk. eMorth9,nBat.a>deM putinaa of 
 tba BoBMi af Toik. Bad brother to Joha 
 Ihil of X4aMla. who hml periab«d at th* 
 iMtllB of Stoke, provided hia lilh r^ epBTBd. 
 ttanry raUgioaaiy kept hia pi«aie«, and 
 aaat hiai to tho Tower, bat aaMag tb* 
 kpaiw ba talk bit aoa waa tbo bead of 
 tolRrfk, who waa now execoted.(*) To 
 pdliato Hmuj*! ooaduet. Sutaik waa ar*. 
 nigaad oa tba charge of comapmding 
 «Mi Ua brotbar Biehard da te Pde. aa 
 
 HowaH. 
 
 XIlL.8robS78. 
 -UaU.-PaMta: 
 
 
 officer in tha Preach eervice.(') The klag 
 left Oreeawich on the 15th of June, lbl3, 
 with a numeroue euite, corapoved of the 
 Duke of Buckingham, Marquia at Doraet, 
 Earla of Northumberland, Eaeex. Knit, 
 and Wiltehire, Lorda Audley, De la Warre, 
 and Cunon, hie Almoner, Woliey, Fox, 
 Biahop of Winoheelar, and many othera of 
 the ariatooncy. On the 30th, he eailcd 
 from Dover to Cahua.(*) where he Unded 
 on the aiat-O A few huure after hia ar- 
 rival, ha want in great pomp to the church 
 of St. Nichohw to aaeiet at the Tt Dmm, 
 chaated aa thankagiving by the clergy 1 ha 
 k>dged at the Staple inn/i) when apart> 
 wento had baea prepared for him. Ho 
 had in interview on the morrow of Ua 
 arrival with liaigaret'e and Maximiliaa'a 
 ambaeaadora, aad altererarda heard Maaa 
 at tha Cathedral. Tha HeraldHM^naa, for 
 whom WB an iBdek%ed for thia daaeriptioa 
 of tbo BioBanh'a reaideaoa at CUaia, hat 
 act Cofgottea to aaatkta tha anoiber of 
 naaaea Heavy heard, biiag aometimea 
 three a day. 
 
 At Oalaia, Haaiy amaaed hiowalf lika a 
 child, ia anayiiw ^ tnopa ia liao of 
 battle>order. nviewtag then, aaeii^ bk 
 eavaby defile 1 alter adikh caaw the toar> 
 aaaMBta, wliea tha BwaaKh woaM coador 
 acead to bnak a kaoa with aoaw of hia 
 atrfdesaala tba pw aaa a i of UwbkUaaof 
 Cafado, 1^ woold BRplBMl JUa p rowa a a . 
 Haary left aa aooB aa bo waa iilMnaod tba* 
 tba Dokeof Loi«iMvUlo bad anivod with 
 Biqrard aad Baaqr d'Aaiboiao ,to tba aao- 
 eowr of TMBoaaaot At that ibaaMmtd 
 byLoadHaibertaiid tboBail oTShnw*. 
 buy, both BM«ib«Kaf titeFMryCouadOL 
 BtdaobMlofaaainyorMODaioa. Tba 
 «M«««d waa M by Sir Cborlaa Bmadoa, 
 who bad ktdy baaaj mated YkettMt 
 Uak aad tbo aiBban by tbo Bart of bias. 
 
 (<) Ontaefaodbd XII. 
 
 (•) Woieey. tha Oai^aal, 
 
 ii#WEfU« 
 
 br Oaoff^ 
 
 •wai 
 
 m Dr. Jaha Tylw, who aeooamaaied Urn, 
 a Wt aa aeeoaat^iMBHkHB) of theespelil 
 n fa Lati - ■ - ""^ 
 
 leap, a T.. 
 
 •BBVHItf MM 
 
 hea Ml aa aeeoaat riNaHtaa) of the espedi^ 
 tioB fa Latfa.r~Btit, Maa., MM. Cott!, 
 
 Ohardi, 
 
 ^ to St Miibela^o 
 hie e«Ktag aad bad TV 
 
 wmsm 
 
h mnrtet^ Th« kliif 
 the ISth of June, 1613, 
 luite, compoMtl of the 
 im, M arquie of Ooraet, 
 iberland, Beeex. Knit, 
 leAudler. OelaWem. 
 Llmonsr, WoImj, Fox, 
 Iter, and many uthera of 
 [>n the 30th, he eailcd 
 laia,(*) where he Unded 
 few hiiure aft«r hie ar> 
 •at pomp to the ehurch 
 aaeiet at the T0 Dmit, 
 iving by the olergjr 1 he 
 pie iDn,(i) when apart- 
 prepved for him. Ha 
 on tha morrow of ina 
 irat'a and MazioiiUan'a 
 afterwarda heard Maaa 
 Tha Herald-at-anaa, for 
 «ed for thia daaeription 
 raaid«K» at Cakia, haa 
 Mntion tha noahar of 
 •rd, biiaff aomatinMa 
 
 r amoaed hiaoaalf like • 
 hi* troopa in liaa of 
 rinK than, aeeii* Ua 
 or iriikh cama tha towr- 
 nwaareh w«NUd condor 
 *Mi aoMofhia 
 of Ihabdiaaof 
 I iwlMidJM* prowwa. 
 MjWmHiBfonaadthaft 
 MWilla had Miiftd with 
 d'Avhoiaa to tha no- 
 •t tM liiM M>i«d 
 Id thaBaitorShnwa. 
 ■ of tfM PM*7 Conacit 
 UfdMOOmum. Tha 
 rSirCharlaaBnadoa. 
 mm\ CNatad YkeMM 
 
 It. 
 
 Oarfiaal, \j Oeotfa 
 
 r, who aeoompanted hia, 
 'MaHmm) of tha expedW 
 t. M«a^ MM. CotL. 
 
 >d to St Mhiolaa'a 
 Ida eCntag and had 3V 
 It to hie Mgaia at tha 
 I'a llii.7^ 
 
 Lin or HKMRT VIII 
 
 4f 
 
 Tha kinK wu in tha centre, moanted on 
 hia flneat iteed s on the rifiht wee Buciiing- 
 ham, at the head of 600 chosen infantry, 
 and on tlie left Sir Edward Poyninge, 
 with an equal number of lanoera i the 
 royal atandard waa borne by Sir Heniy 
 Guilford. The niar-|(uard, in which were 
 . the Almoner (Wolaey) and Fox, Biihup 
 of Winchester, waa eommaaded by Sir 
 William C!ompton.(*) 
 
 Tha Boldiers' arma sparkled in the ann'is 
 rays, ao that they looked like a luminoua 
 eloud ^averting the country.(*>) Aa tha 
 vanguard drew near to Ardres, the aky 
 Buddf nly became overcast, and at a distance 
 through the fog could be perceived a 
 aquadron of the French cavaliy-C") On 
 hearing tha trumpet sound the alarm, 
 Henry leaped into hia saddle and placed 
 himadf at the head of the archera. Bayard 
 eoonaalled that tha engagement ahould 
 eommanoe at once, while De Piennea, satia-. 
 fled with having reoonnoitred tha enemy, 
 aonnded a retreat.(') A magniReent tent had 
 been erected for Heniy'a uae atTerouann«(*) 
 Maximilian had not yet arrived, but, alter 
 a ehort delay, made hia appearance ai 
 tha head of a few hundred cavalry t never 
 waa thera any contrast so remarkable aa 
 tha dreaaea of tha two aovareignai tha 
 one (Henry'a) made tha vjt daaala with ite 
 splendour, while tha other waa simplicity 
 itself) tha aame remark alao ap|diea to their 
 ntainers. (') Maximilian, to flatter tha 
 young monavch'a vanity, wore the red raaa 
 and tha Cross of St. George, and accepted, 
 aa a volunteer, the daU|y atipand of 100 
 erowns.(i) 
 
 The eiege of Tsrouanna eommanead. 
 Baynam, tha oommaadar of tha English 
 pioaaaia, axpealad great auooeea ttom a 
 mine that h« had akilfeUy contrived, but 
 hia daaigna went Arustratad. Tha Duke 
 da Valoia, afterwardt . Francis I., Kmg of 
 France, had just arrived at head quartersb 
 Md whaiavar ha waa pcaaant, awwrd in 
 
 (•)1>fl( 
 H« 
 
 lOITa 
 
 John Tyler, Ma&, p. 7S. 
 ftVHaU. 
 
 Sapte da "nMiyiaa.— Mn. 
 
 hand, he did the work of a loldier. Henry's 
 aidendiij tent ivaa not lon^ in falling • prey 
 to the flaincD, and he himself com(H)lled to 
 seek refuiie in a peasant's cot.('') The 
 siege lasted fur six weeks, when the enemy, 
 harassed by continual sorties from tha 
 garrison, became careless and off their 
 guard, in consequence of which, the French 
 general, Fonterailles, was enabled, at the 
 head of 800 Albanian hon)e, crossing tha 
 river, to break throuf^h the Kngiish lines, 
 and introduce a small quaniity of powder 
 and provisions into Teruuanne, then wheeU 
 ing round, he reached a place of safsty era 
 the enemy could interrupt his retreat. A 
 aecund attempt was afterwards made by 
 the Dukes de Longueville and d' lenfon.C) 
 but Heniy discovering their manoeuvre, 
 crossed ths Lis on the Iflth of August. 1513, 
 and met them on the banks. Maximilian 
 alao, notwithktending his advanced age, die- 
 played great intrepidity. Scarcely had tha 
 enemy been perceived, ere he charged them, 
 and waa followed by Henry, who waa 
 dressed in a ball coetume. The French 
 gem d'anutt, panie-struok at the attack,, 
 yielded, and were completely routed, (J) 
 Then might have been ecen a body of 
 ia,U0O cavalry, distinguished for their 
 heroic exploite in Italy, flying befbre a fisw 
 hundred German . lancera and British 
 archera { and they would have been com- 
 pletely annihilated had not Bayard suc- 
 oeadad in rallying them. La Fklica and 
 Imbareourt, though taken, had tha good 
 fortntte to make theb escape, but Buasy 
 d'Amboiae, Clermont and La Fayette wara 
 priaonare. Thua terminated thia mehm* 
 eholy angagonant, called by the Engliah 
 tha Battle of Gnlnegate, but by tha F^neh 
 tiia Battle of tha Spura. (U UtmiU* it$ 
 tftnma,; as they had been in greater requi- 
 aitton than arme j»n that day if) Bayard 
 waa tha hwt on tha flcld. W hiie the enemy 
 ware endeavouring to make prisonara, thia 
 brave knight, percaiviliig an Engliah gantla> 
 
 (fc) TyUer. 
 
 (>) Lbigard. 
 
 (i) Men. de Bayard. 
 
 (kjXSsrte, Herbert. Rymer.— There u to be 
 
 «B in one of the gallenefj^f Hampton Court 
 a picture of the battle of Guineialeb by 
 Holbefai. 
 
 ■f-i 
 
I 
 
 48 
 
 un or uwnt tiii. 
 
 own fMtIng afUr lh« hmt of eombat 
 aadar th« iliada of « tree, rod* up lo him, 
 •xcl^iminff, "Surrender, mM-tt-ftrma, or 
 yon M« dMd." Inwgining that the day 
 had been lo«t, th« ffentlemaa •xclaimtd i— 
 " I •urr«oder I but who ar« you f " " I am 
 th« Chflvaliw Bayard, who aurrandon hia> 
 aelf to you : take my aword, but ffiva it 
 bade to ma in saaa of haing attaoked." 
 
 Thr arraoiiamant waa aeeaptad, and tha 
 captor and the captive arrived at the camp. 
 Ha waa immadiately aant for by Maximlli&a, 
 who thuB addreaaed him t^" Chavalior 
 Bayard, I am but too happy in aeaing yon. 
 Would to God I had many aiioh man aa 
 you iu my aervice, aa I ahould than b« vary 
 aoon revenged on Louia," and then added, 
 laughing : " I believe, Monaaignanr da 
 Bayard, wt have mat before, and that I 
 waa thab informed that Bayard never fled t" 
 'to whieh the Chevalier replied t "Uad I 
 fled I ahould not have been here." Tha 
 King of England, on entering tha room, 
 reeogniiad the iinight, and behaved to him 
 with hia vaual oourteay. Theycomnrancad 
 ■peaking of the defrnt and flight of the 
 Fnneh army, whereon the king remarked 
 that ha had never heard of ao brave and 
 numeroua an army flying befort 400 or 
 600 horaamen. "On my aoul," lejoinad 
 Bayard, "the French ftmi d^trwat are not 
 to be blamed, aa the# were ekfMaMy or- 
 dered by their officer^ not tw flghli It being 
 vneertaiB whether, in caee of an engage* 
 ment,yoa would bring the whoM -rf -your 
 fbrcea into play, and' wk hid'-nehha^ in* 
 iMtry aor artillery. Ybti iatt4t bft aware 
 of the valour of the French iMbiw; thMtgh. 
 I do not eaj that I deaerve^ b««Ae of thefr 
 ttombar." "If allhad'beinlikeyoa, llori^ 
 elgaear Bi^erd, the^aeig^ of l^reuaoae 
 wonid have been aoon raiaed ; but httilrennM 
 yoatobetakenprtaonerr* "Sire, I do not 
 aeknowladge myeelf on^ and would beg 
 to liafiw the anbject to yoo. Aek Utei gen>' 
 tlMaaa how tiu matter oeenmd." On 
 hearing the ctnnunatancee, Henry and 
 Ifaximilian were naanimona that Bayard 
 waa not a priaonar, and wu at pttfect 
 liberty to return, provided that he gave 
 hie peroie that he would not engage in the 
 war during a period of aix week*. TUe 
 luning been acceded to, he waa allowed lb 
 
 take hia d«paitura.(*/ Heniy ahould have 
 taken advantage of thia victory, and 
 gained poaeaaaion of Picardy. Paria wae 
 panic atrieken i Louie had been defeated at 
 Novarra, and the victorioua Swiaa, after 
 having oroaaed the Alpa, had penetrated 
 into Burgundy, and eneamped themaalvae 
 under the walla of D^>n, and there wea no. 
 other towk between than and the eapilal.(k) 
 Henry unfoitunataly waa not gifted wtthf 
 any of thoee eheraeteriatice adapted fur 
 a warrior. He waa a young man with 
 the ordinary qualiiiea and deCniU of hie 
 age. He bad adopted no fljiad phui of 
 invaaion, b«l waa complettly guided by 
 circumataneeei if able to diaplay hia ekiU 
 in riding beHire hie aoldiara. he waa de*- 
 lighted. He hid no liar of danger, bnl 
 eouHad It rather aa a private than a iMdee. 
 Thn chiming of baHe an hia entry Into n> 
 town wu graleAil muaieto hieearat hrwa»< 
 charmed with gay tenta and rich ariiaineiitni ' 
 In England the f uu n ng>ant wMie toi 
 Wolsey, on the a<lth of Jn}y, iH3,e ip re ee ii 
 ing her earneat hopea tiiat the king would 
 aoon retnrnkoiBe crowtMdwith laiirele,(<) 
 while Henry ' waa' loelng hi* tt«ie before 
 Teronanne. Katbavitte had made a piigrt* 
 mfege to Our Lady of WalainghMa to a«p- 
 pHeatb the phMacMon of heaven in bte' 
 behdf, the people mlUng with the queen' 
 ragent, amg t bynun m efaoma f rayinf< 
 laeoa, Mary, St Oeeife nod all the 
 ■ainta, to watch continnally over the red> 
 (dee of EnglaadiC) that iwaat flower which' 
 
 Sf) iymphoiian Qhamgiar, Hiaton 4n the* 
 larBayud. 
 rn Tytler. 
 
 I traat' that Oe Ueg ihaU eoaM home 
 i^M/^ irtd»'pa prele a viciorye aa any priao^ 
 { '\ew<»Mii}^andthiaIpfay Oodaenda byn 
 < i«tnMeef«nyotbdrnrfiide.— MBS. Co<^' 
 C«.D,VL,ii.W. "l 
 V (<) TftattMyenr r aalaia ' cnftoattywehavf 
 tianaoribed ihia cnriooa haUadi- 
 TlM roaae w^ in to Fi&waM i|piin& „,jt-.| 
 Almytk:» Ood hym ithydi^ brtng 
 And lava thU miwr wyiAia ya out king. ' ^ 
 Thya loaae, thya roaaaw thia na'l r«wi« 
 Wyebe ya oaiWd a n<^rtt thng, 
 1 he flowr of Bn^aad and aeydoar )|4ngi, ^, 
 Thya Apryll abowyra wycba aiejbl.aWaV' , 
 Hat bownd ihya roaaa not aet m bl«|WB*). , 
 In Fiance be woll hia levya Kbote 
 Hya ryalh to ^>|iquer, m lMRmi|B to known. 
 Thya raeae, that ia of eolmr rede. 
 
 W 
 
.(•; H«uy ahoald Iwvt 
 
 of tbia vietorjr, 
 
 of Piconlf . Pari* 
 uii had boon dafaalad at 
 
 vietorioua Swiaa, afUr 
 I Alpa, had panotratad 
 i aooanpad thaaiaalvaa 
 D^iB, and Ihara waa ao. 
 I than lad tha eapiia).(k) 
 1I7 waa not Riftad vith 
 natarUtica adaplad fur 
 ■a a younf man with 
 ilaa and dofiKiU of hia 
 >ptad no fljrad (daa of 
 
 eonplattlf goUiad bjr 
 ibla to diaplay bia akUl 
 ila aoldkara. ha waa ida* 
 no itar of daagar, but 
 a privatn tba^a laadcv. 
 Aa a* bia aatry bio a< 
 ■aaW to bia aara t hr«a*' 
 mta and rich eriiaiBaiita 
 
 f««tn rcir«at wMta tot 
 li of Jal/t IftlS, axpraaa* 
 •ea tiiat tha liiufi woaM 
 crowaadwitb faHirala,(<). 
 loaiuf hi* ttiia bafom 
 irioa had na^a a pilgri* 
 of WatoiDKhaai to a«|i« 
 Ito* of bcawa in Ua' 
 wiIUru with tba qoaan 
 mn HI ahoma f njrinf 
 . Oaoifa mi all tb* 
 mtiiiDaUjr otar tha rad> 
 thatwwaat iowar which' 
 
 hamf^t, HiaUm da tiha- 
 
 la kiag ihaU aoaM hoona 
 » v^ierjra aa any piiso^ 
 ih I ptaj God aende bjm 
 ttb* iWibde.^1188. CottJ 
 
 [aadaia * c«rinatt| wa haT< 
 loa ballad i— 
 
 irydM f$ out kinir ' ■" 
 
 m, tbia KvaH mm 
 
 obytttbbtfc 
 
 i and aoyoatvr i^ag, 
 
 • wycba aiOjnl.alwl, , 
 
 » not sat fu bl<)WM| , 
 
 ialarjaacbota 
 
 nr, bw b<n)fi}a.to haowe. 
 
 r eoloirtfda, 
 
 ]ra|b{otb,wra| 
 
 uvi or nuvM viii. 
 
 4» 
 
 WM to bhwaom in Pranea in tha ansainx 
 yaar. Taroaanna daapairing of aid. capitu- 
 lated on tha aard of Aagntl, I9ia. It htd 
 baan a dangaroos neighbour to tba dtiaeni 
 of Alra and St. Omar, and Hanrj pcmittad 
 theaa, at Maximiliaa'a raqnaat, to raaa tha 
 walla of tha nawljr eonqoarad oity to tba 
 ground («} Haory, ieamadiatalj aflar tha 
 capitulation of Teronannr, ahoald hara 
 inanliadoB Boologna, wbicu, with Calaii(i>) 
 alraadj In hia power, would have made him 
 maatar of aH Pioardf, but he proceeded to 
 Toumaf. 
 
 Tournaj, an independent eitf. diitin- 
 gntahed f^om time immemorial fur its 
 attachment to Franoe. contained a popuU- 
 tion of about 80,000 aoula. On ita gatea 
 waa written in large charaetara: "To n' 
 Aa jAMAia ranoo ta Viboihit*." In 
 f*pif to HaarT'a summnna to anrrender, 
 tha dtiaena pointed to thaaa worda, aaying 
 that they had no intention of fblaifying 
 them, but thai, on tha contrary, they were 
 laadjr to lay down their lif«a in defence 
 6f their city. Thab courage, bowavar^aiton 
 flagged I for on tba a4th of Saptenbor, 
 Henry effected an entrance into the city 
 through tlia gate Smiu Tiekts and tha 
 dtlMoa oonaented, provided th«y waia 
 aUoiici (0 preaerva th^ liberty, to pay to 
 Bnghuid 60,000 livrea toomoia uiwa at 
 ataled btamda^*) Ona of Hia ettiiens 
 ilona, the biahbp^ raftaaad to taka tha onth 
 of allaBiaBO* to thaedaqiMtor. Wtdaij wit 
 •ware that tha prdttt wodd nfbaa to taka 
 die oafh, otdihal ha wooM coaaaqnantly 
 loca hia nitMi tha fitroUrita ishWaad fkom 
 Haniy fha ArthMahoprie of Toimmy, tha 
 ■aniid revMtiM of wUeh waa 80/>0d frano; 
 It ia pNbditoi abva aa hiit^ifaiii, thirt 
 Wobaf a daaM to oMaUtha IHdu»|)tlo WM 
 tfM aola motiira 6r baaiaginit tba towii.(^ 
 
 And With kiabeaqfa ha woU Viaaaaa Mh« 
 
 Sent lorga Protaeidf be hya good ayd. 
 God atfM tUa towar war ha wouUIIm!, 
 
 ToMfaydhyaflowrateliyBrejoyriiHb ' 
 In naBoa tb haTO the vyehny ; 
 
 All Hyn|l(»d iSw Jqm adMl nay aad 4ya^ 
 Jhaaa and Man, fbll cf mytth, 
 Qod be hya gMt bi all bia lyith. 
 Swat SeBt tog* «wr hqrdaaloiyte 
 Save King ^*tf loth bf day aad ayath. 
 
 It) iSllak~Biriiar^0iiBaDay. 
 •} Bifta da nieinib 
 
 While the Tt Dmm waa being cl 
 
 in the cathedral in honour of tbia victory, 
 Henry waa beiog menaced in another 
 quarter,— Scotland. A herald had arrived 
 from James IV., who had married Henry'a 
 eldest sister, Marg«ret,(*) summoning him 
 to quit PIcardy. James's letter (') was 
 dated 10th of July, 1513. In this commu- 
 nioatiun, the Scotch monarch set forth bia 
 grievancea, and tbrealsned to decUia war 
 in eaae of Henry demurring. Henry, 
 deeply wounded by tbeeontenu of Jamea'a 
 letter, replied that no action perpetrated by 
 tha King of Scotland would canae him any 
 aarprisa, aince, imitating tha example of hia 
 predeoeaaora, ha wu braaking a saerad 
 treaty of allianoe, bat that he muat on no ao- 
 count expect to gain an aaay victory, as befbra 
 aalllng from England, Henry bad adopted 
 aveiy preccution, wbieli with Ood'a aa* 
 aiatenee, would fhutnua the pn^ecte of 
 all achiamatioa exeomDMnitated by tba 
 Sovereign Pbntiff and the Council af 
 Lataran. James bad aarely not rtlsctad 
 on tha example afforded Iqr the Ki«g of 
 Navarre, who had loet his crown in com** 
 qnence of hia having aided Lpuie) Ob 
 what ground did the King of Scotland 
 presume to interfltre in the qnarrela of tha 
 King of England i The King of Englaad 
 araa afraid of no one, and he would eoB> 
 tinue, with tba aid of Ood and St Qeorgab 
 hia war with Vnaot. The herald left with 
 Ihia ra^y. aflar havinii baan preaented with 
 loo aasals by Hauy.^) Without, how^ 
 •rav. Waiting for an anaww from the King 
 6f England, Jamea had taken the field 
 4gainat Henry. On tha Mlid of Au ist, 
 lie had ensaed tha Tweed, and made him- 
 aalf maatar of Waik, Btwall, For^ and 
 Norbam, and it waa reported that ha wn 
 it tha head of an umy 40,000 atrong.(k) 
 Tha Eari of Bonoy.'than in YorkahiMk at 
 ^ bead of 89,000 nan, vat chad i«aiiMl 
 ihfi enemy, and on the ted of SapteBibar# 
 
 '■ (•> Itwaa in hxncvr f^ ^is auniageehajt 
 Oaabar poBpeaed iu*i :. .m entitled. n« Jbi* 
 «Bd Mr Jimk^Vr&iiM.s Uiatoiy df S^fi 
 Poetry. 
 
 ' (0 The reader vrU' :iad JaaMs's latter anA 
 Hawy'a rs^r hi HaU's '• Union of tha twM 
 nobis and iUuatia AuniUaaaftliaacaalnaMt 
 Teck. 
 (ff) Han. 
 
 PinkntiB'a Biiloiy of SootiaBO. 
 
 m 
 
 8 
 
10 
 
 uri or HtuiitT VIII. 
 
 jlMp4tohtd Rook* Croix. punuWut-al- 
 wiM. obalUniiDg Jtmn to ngm* on (h« 
 Ffiday fuUowinK.(*) 
 
 Th« enemy «iccupkd a •troof poaitionon 
 th« Cheviot hilli, »nd Somj, ■MlnR tha 
 ptriMt tnuUUty of >tteckiaff thtm, andta^ 
 Tourad to dr»w tbam down to ih« pUia. 
 Tha Scotch monarch did not maka hia 
 •ppanranca at tha randaavoua, harinii baan 
 paraundad by on« o( hia ehialUina to 
 ratnoo hia atapa, and not to UaUn totha 
 French anibaaaador.(k) whoaa only objaolwaa 
 to doUvtr Louia firom the dannar by whioh 
 ha WM thTMUnad. Tha klnii aquaaMd 
 the hand of tha Hiffhhuid«r, but haughtilj 
 Npiiad tb9t bo would iliiUt even if oppoaod 
 by 100,0(k: Bngliah troopa. Sumy, atill 
 ' hopiaR to entice tha anainy into tha plain, 
 thiantanad, by narohing along the Till 
 which aopaiatad tha two armiaa. to aflbft 
 •■ antnaoa into Scotland, through Bor< 
 wlok. Jamae. on hearing of tbia mov«« 
 MMlt, tat Ira to hie camp, and advanced 
 towMda Um river, but unfortunately tha 
 tnoka 9t the encampment, which had been 
 ind by the Scotch, coRcealed from hia 
 fiew the EngUah army, who had managed 
 to eroee tha river at IwiMel Bridge. Jamea 
 halta^ on tha height* of Flodden. where 
 ka prapared for an engagement.(*) Tiia 
 ■■l^h vangoatd «aa commanded bj 
 Thoaaa Lord Howavd and hia brother, 
 Vdnuad Howard, aona of tha Earl of 
 Sumy. TU earl Umaalf oomnanded tha 
 «IBtfe, whiia tfia roar waa under tha eon* 
 ■NH»d of Sir Edward Stanley, aad Lord 
 Pnoro formed tha reaerva with tha cavalry. 
 The Sootoh army dcaoanded turn Flodden 
 Haighta in parfaci order, and took up theif 
 ppaition oppoaite to the BngUeb foNaa.(4} 
 janaa waa in tha cientiei tha left wing waa 
 |ad by tiM Earl of Lranox and tha Earl o( 
 ^gyla. and tha right by Lord Hume, wiA 
 A9 rafcrva under Lord Bothwell. Tha 
 ^,lbt wiag(^the Eagiiah vanguard retreatad 
 »i tlw ^taek of Lord Humei their ranka 
 iart bwdnn, their leader onboraad, uid 
 ^jUla Ifiaft on the ground, expecting to ba 
 mit to death or twkao priaoaar, the eoala of 
 Am victory tamed, hj the timely appear* 
 teee of tba ^t<»^ Heroa. A firmer aad 
 
 ») BUia'a Latteia. M^S. Oolt. B. X). , 
 Hvne.— Tnmar. 
 
 Batteda'nwerna.' ■' ' : ■ ' > 
 mnkertcB. 
 
 1^" — 
 
 mora donbtiVtl atruggle now enaued, until 
 Lord Uaera, wltk hia I, MX) cavalry. charged 
 and oomplatoly routed the anemy.(*) A 
 long and eangulnary conteat waa being 
 carried on in ' another part of the Held 
 between the Earb of Huntley, Brrol, and 
 Crawford, and the Lord Admiral. Brrol 
 and Crawibrd at length fall cov«r«<l with 
 wounda, and their men, dtahaartaned by the 
 death of their leadera, ware completely 
 rouud. But the battle waa not yet over. 
 Jamee fought on foot, aurroundad by 
 eavvral of hie ehoeen thieflalna, who, ani- 
 mated by their monaMh'a example, ware 
 rapidly gaining grounid, and had all but 
 reaehfd the royal aUvdard, when Stanlej, 
 after having defeated tha Barla of Argyll 
 aad Unnoi, charged the king in ank, 
 who ftll, alain by aa unknown hand, about 
 a apear'a length from Surrey. At that 
 moment, the eua act behlad the moaataiaa, 
 and tha oombalanta eeaaed their mortal 
 atrifb without kaowiag to whom God had 
 Touohaafed tha vletoryC) 
 
 At daybreak, it waa aaay to paroaiva who 
 had had the advaau^a tha d^r baftHra. 
 The Scotch bad retraatad under eovar of 
 tha night, bavlag flO,ooo on the laid of 
 battle. aoBoag whom wera Jamea'a aatnial 
 aoa. the ArohblriMp of St. Aadraw'a, two 
 abbota. two biaboiia, twahra aarla. thirty 
 baruna. fbar aldaat aoaa of baroaa, aad 
 fifty gaatlmaaa of dttatlactloai aix thou* 
 aaad hoiaao vafo eaptaiai and tha park of 
 artUlery amouattaf ¥ aavaat^r |»ia«ae,(i) 
 •« which," aaid tha LmU A4mlral. •* an tha, 
 beat that I bava ovar •awi.'^ lA* Bag. 
 Uak loat ft.000 men, bat wiipaara of a«te. 
 iMd Dasra reeogaiaad iW klag'a body 
 amoof tba idala, and bad M dapoaiud ia a 
 toad ooOn, wltbovt vaatoriim to bnry i«C 
 tetmaucb ai Jama«,had dkd under tba 
 aaatanca of excooamimlcatioa, to whioh ha 
 bad taaderad bfaaaalf amaanbla al aa aUy 
 of tha acbiamatio Louia Xil. 
 
 Haory wrote to Leo danaadiaf parmia« 
 alon to bury tba daoeaaed King of Seotknd 
 at Bt.. FMil'a Catbedm), Londwn. wbiek 
 
 (•) Ungard. ^ - .. - 
 
 (0 Ltngaid; Olovio.— Lord l|a«aid'a of* 
 
 del aoaonat of thla h 
 
 HaraRl'a Ofloe. and 
 
 aoaoimt of thla battia to i gtl io ito Iha 
 . aWa 0«oe. and !"» WtP^^Hi^ 
 PinkaTtas.-CU4U Apftndbt tell Utoof 
 
 (I) Unfard.-iiaiiMWt. 
 (k) PtokaitMk 
 
T 
 
 XtfM <tW aKMNY Till. 
 
 iiUfto now m««Md, nnlU 
 lU 1,500 Mtrmlry,eharR«d 
 Butod iha fnMBj.C*) A 
 iuj ooAtott wM btlnff 
 olhar put of tbo A«ld 
 I of HuniWy, Brrol, uid 
 1* liord Admiral. Errol 
 img ih Ml cotf«t«ii with 
 DMii, dkahMTtomd bf lh« 
 Md«n, mm eompktoljr 
 ImiU* wu not ytt ov«r. 
 
 • toui, mmroundvd bf 
 •tn fhlcAalni, who. ui- 
 DonK«b't nanpU, Mr«ra 
 ;routt<d, Md hnd tU but 
 , •tandkrd. wh«» 8Uuil«7t 
 kt«d tht BtrU of Arfyi« 
 irRfld tho kkni tn »k, 
 an unknown bMd, ftbout 
 
 from Sumy. At tbtl 
 Mt bohtnd thi moanlaUu, 
 Mit« eMMMd thotr nortal 
 lOwing lo whom God had 
 «tory.(») 
 
 I WM May to porotivo who 
 n!a\»§» thi d^r bdbra. 
 
 ratraatod uadtr eorwr of 
 ig 00,000 OB the fold of 
 lom w«ra jMnM'o ulnnl 
 hop of 8c. Aadnw*!* two 
 Wft, twthro «rUi Ihirty 
 Mt MM of bftroB*. nnd 
 of dttttlaettaii tix thou« 
 Mptuodi tad th« pvk of 
 teg ^ MvonCt l>lMM.(l) 
 
 • Lmu AdBinl, ** tn th% 
 •mMW.*^ ^AlioBng. 
 ■n, bal WjipMn of not*., 
 ogniMd liw Usr's body 
 •ad had Mdipotludina 
 •«|, vtalaring lo bory 'W 
 rn^iUA dkdundMtho 
 moiinlctlloB, to whkb ho 
 nadf MRMikblo 9M oa ally, 
 Looto XII. 
 
 Uo dwsaadiBg ptnaii^ 
 dtoMHd King of Seothkad 
 :;Mhtdn)» L«nidM» whkk 
 
 
 Movlo.— Lord 9*«H^'i «#* 
 tit bottio ki iflWlTii itt Mm 
 
 •• Ap|«adii VSTuk «r 
 
 HMiwt. 
 
 J 
 
 WM graeloaaly granted by th« Holy 8m, 
 Inarauoh at JaniM had «hown aiipia ot 
 r«fi«Riaoct before hiadMih.(*) The Scotch. 
 unwilJioK to endit Iha npoH of thair 
 aovanJRn'a death, thtrain imiUling thi 
 ancient Brilona, who could nerer be per- 
 tuaded that Kinff Arthur had f»llen at 
 Camelot, circulated a report that Jaaiea had 
 gone on « pilgrima|(« to Jeruaalcm. in m< 
 eompllahinent of a vow taken befora the 
 battle of Floddcn. Bucr,»nan(*) afflmu 
 that one Tclfkir. a man of known probity, 
 and who waa preaent at t le engaKcment. 
 aaw Jamra otom the TwMd on horaebacki 
 oUmv atated that be had been alain by 
 wiua ot Lord Huma'a reUiDera(«) Scot- 
 land mourned for the death of her unfor. 
 tunate manaroh. who had, however, been 
 fkvourad with aevcral waminxa from 
 Heaven. It ia aaid that the aaintly pntron 
 of Heotland appeared to him while at hie 
 devotion in LinlitbRow Church, and pr*. 
 diotod to him the unhappy iaaae of hie con- 
 laat with Heniyj a voice wh aleo heard at 
 mkinight near the eroae in Edinburub, 
 eiunmoning the flr«t lorda of the kingdom 
 lo appear befora the infernal trlbunaL 
 Jfaoae waa perfeotly beadlcaa of tkoM 
 MiMlial waminga, the ramonttraRoea of 
 hia oounoiUore, and the praycre aad 
 ak ^tice of bU wlfe(<) An Engiiah 
 aft Ir^ Skclton, had. tho heart to inaolt 
 tik \ ^ '- who fell at the battle of Floddon 
 Field < no apanid not in hie gibM and 
 aaaera even tha fUlen noMtfoh.(«) whom 
 
 HiTliJr'' '•»•" to lo be fboad In Bymer. 
 Hia Holiaeae noreover wrote lo Henry, con- 
 gralniaUng him on the vlctorv Ua arma had 
 ^^:^V^^ PWd-BemW B^ 
 _ (k) ** Probue el doetaa."— BnohaMui. UiaL 
 Bar. Seot XIU., 41. -»-"-». »««. 
 
 (•) Hume. 
 
 (f ) VMe OaH. irfio ia hie Appendix to the 
 
 Ih JT* ^fW'lptlon of the batUe of PMdiu 
 
 u'riii *".'!? "2* 7** •" HaU.-Pfaikerton*a 
 Hilary of SooUaad. Polydura Vinil givea 
 the number of 8«wteli that f^ll in lUeeBme. 
 m«taaab«ttlIU.OUOi Buchanan. ^OUoToalt 
 aatimalecilie loea of the Bngliah to have been 
 about (,SOa 
 
 w ^'^ *^i!5 *" f^ o' '•«"•• »- 
 Ye wen a^ mad to make a fiay 
 
 Hia grace beii« thM OttI of the wtv. 
 Ja w»:<led wit, air. at a word. ' 
 
 X!.;*^>w booM to HvHloy Bnaka, 
 ra«itl«f^rMpaifl*topl5rSMftprSka. , 
 
 H 
 
 bcacouaeduf eowardice.(r) Henry would 
 have acted honourably bad he ea^Alad 
 Ihia maligner from hia court, but ho 
 allowed him to oontin jd hia petty and bale> 
 ful trade j while tht ,>iN)t -laureate wa« thua 
 prodituting th« Ood-Uke harmony of poeay, 
 a mountaineer of Ben Lomond waa aittiog 
 on the banka of the Qyde, and. like to the 
 dauffhter of ZIon. weeping over Caledonia 
 and her loee.(() Katharine ahowed great 
 akill in the manner in which aba go. 
 Terned Engknd during the king'a abeenea. 
 The queen ragent wh eaeeedingly guarded 
 with her corraepondcnoa with Woloey. yet 
 at the aame time diaplaying the energy of 
 her Spaoiah blood. Wm Henry indiapoead. 
 aha WM ill at real and could not aloep. 
 Henry waa her pride, and without him 
 then wu no lonxer any happinMa for her 
 ia the world.(i>) She wm daligbtad oa 
 hearing of the defut of the Sootoh at 
 Flodden. and in her entboaiMm wroia to 
 Henry, bouting that tliiai victory had galaad 
 him mora credit than if he had won Iha 
 orown of FranM.(«) Thie iatimato ao- 
 quaintance with tha queen'e manner ia 
 aeeentially neceeaary for the reader, to giv* 
 him an inaight into Katbarine'a chaiaolar. 
 She ia no longer tho porMn deecribod by 
 Protealant hiatoriana. one abeorbad la tha 
 aeetMy of prayer, ahe la tha Cbriatlan wiib 
 and queen. Henry, howavrr, had oouih 
 pletely forgotton bar. Ha had met widi 
 Udy Talboia, at Calaia. wih of »r 
 Gilbert TaUboia, to whom ha ahowad 
 marked attention. Thia lady laft her htta- 
 band'a rcaidenoa^ and look op bar aboda 
 at Jericho, b tha vioinity of Now Hall^ 
 BeMX, one of the royal country reaidenoM.(l) 
 All, Mve Katharina, who pivtanded to bo ' 
 ignorant of her huaband'a gallantry, apoka 
 of Iha king'a frequaat viaito to Ladv 
 TWlboia. - . ■ ^., 
 
 CO fuMia'a « word wm picked up by the 
 Barl of Surrer, and wm fur a laagth o/ ifaM- 
 preeerved in ibe family of the Howaida.' 
 It ia now at ihe HeraMa' College. ^ 
 
 (») Thk beantiftal aong ia oiUtM " Tho' 
 Plowenof thePonetl^^ , 
 
 (h) ViihUtUfk and health there ienetUna 
 IntkowerMlkatakaUoome amiie; and wiihont 
 mat, I can aae no manner of good thing. *a 
 **,^l!!^ {fSfl. Cott. CalajTvi.^' •°' 
 
 lfheah«ddwinaUthoeiownofFtaaM.--inML 
 
UM <• RM** VtU. 
 
 OHAFTKR V. 
 
 PIAOI WITH PfUMOI.— Ulft-lftlft. 
 
 iMBt MMUslH Aron tb* Imcm.— Hmry dM«rtt4 hg hto OUm.— Wototv «n4MToan to Mmmmh 
 l^:i!lr plwi.— OflWra, Ihroofh Ui* ni«4laiii of ih« Dak* i» LoofMrtU*, th* Iiui4 of Ih* PriuoMW 
 Ifwr, *• daMr of Htary VIII., lu Loal* XII., Klna <rf Fr«i««.— Th«ir ratrriaff.— Daalh of 
 UmI* XII.— TIm QoMo't Ntarn Into BngtMid.— Htr mwrUf* wtlh th« Dak* of Snffulk.— 
 WolMy nomlnaud ArvhbUhop of Yofh.— L4g«to 4 Jal«r«.— Lord Uigli CIuwoaUm.— fon* of hia 
 ' Mt>.— RrMmiu' opinion of WoIm;. 
 
 [^•MBT w«a not long in diaooverlng tht 
 Id* tHcoMt wu owinff to Loaia' bttt troopt 
 boing •■ff<m**l ^ I^T- AbtndoiMd bf 
 t|M Sovaraign Poutiff, daoaiTod bj dM 
 WBfWor, botnjed by Fardinaad, bow «oiild 
 it, wUb only «s,ooo idm, ntiia bia posttkm 
 !• aa onomy'* country i H* wu Indobtod 
 ■Itbor to ebanc* for hk micmh thmn oHhat 
 to dM ■kill or bnvory dUplnytd by bit 
 hftm, uui b«ng oMbla to nokon forthar 
 M tba aiacaM co-opantioa of bia alliaa, b« 
 f^ a daaiia to eoota te favoonUa tama 
 Hl^ ii'* rifaL Ha bad baon apaBding bia 
 IhM^ on bia ratani to Loadon, ia lavying 
 teatadag tiMM ia for war. pcaylag 
 
 * '-> 
 
 Ipirfabaldiaa to PaiUaaMat. wbieb graafead 
 Un Alt/OfiOO, a«dvf«Batoaaly rawardiag 
 ttMoa wbo bad diatii^lahad tbaoiaalvia 
 dving tba lata oaaqpaiga, Tba Barl c« 
 ianqr waa awatad Dnka of Norfolk, bb 
 «tdM« aoa, Eari of Somy t Biaadon. Doka 
 •C SafMtl'ordHarbaiit.VarlafBoiaanati 
 Wd Sir Edward Slaalay. Viaeovat Moa«- 
 •il^k If tba aaaambliag of a acbiaiaatio 
 (MNBhiQ WM • ataia oa tba aaootebaoa of 
 tMria Xn., yat wa oraat la eaadoor aekaow- 
 tMi*. tkat ha aviaoadi ao Uttla aouaga ia 
 ^pf«M^ tba alBad powan far tba apnea of 
 it Ba c o i aB i H a lf i l a d by B fli wa» 
 by tba monandDMn of ,8wito»>' 
 by Vai^oa^ panwd from 
 
 to aoatii by Iagka4, Spate, and 
 
 <!lanaaay, hi acrar fiaebad for a Bi oaaj wt t 
 |i^ wbib Knglaad waaaiptotNl tta d^mii^ 
 Mi of Fraaca. Liaiiah baofad a^wilb tba 
 hag9 of lacoafMriag tM Mhf of ^'■^ 
 
 
 :• -.1 
 
 waa bayoad tba Alpa, tbouifb Bnropa waa 
 lOod witb daily aeeounU ibat Hoary waa 
 ruurcblag apoa Pkria. Loola waa cosapaUad 
 at laat to yiald, bol ia ao doing ba bor- 
 rowad tba Fos'a akin, aad aoeeaadad ia 
 diaaolfteg tba bMgaa.(*) Oa tba diaao- 
 bitioa of tba ConneU «l Piaa, Lao X. 
 baaoagb* tba alttaa to foraga aU boatiUtiaa 
 wftb Fiaaeo) aad raowvad tba baa of ai> 
 uaiaatioa fabainatad by Ua prwia- 
 t tiioa SooM dataehad bwaalf Aran tba 
 laagWb tba albaf powara warn only wailing 
 fur a fcvaanblu appoatonity to lUlow bar 
 awuaplt. FakHaaad. wbo.waa adra a aiag 
 la yaai^ aada paaM wiOi Loaia XII., oa 
 tba pioflaa tbal ha ga ai aatai ii Vaa tfia 
 of Marana. Loaia, kaowiag 
 to Saltor tha «aaH|y of tba Spaaiab 
 aofardga, oSbNd bia aaaoad daogblar 
 Baa4a la naaniaga althar to Iha lafiHil Don 
 CfaMtoo at h>H bralhar Daa Fardfauad. both 
 giaadaoaa of tba raigaiag aoraraiga. Tba 
 dowry of tba prbtea^ WM to ba the dodiy 
 of Miba. wUah bad bOaa ao loag« boiM 
 af aoataatbm balwaaa «ba Ftopa. tba 
 aaparor, aad Loaia. Fahliaaadaaadaraa 
 ehiaetkm to tbla pmpoaHiaa, aad pvoaiiaad 
 to oMrt bia faiiaoBea witt fho ao^paror to 
 wiAdraw Iran Aateagoa^CO 
 
 (a) LonH aiqa Maodriafam. niwaailltafl Ira 
 ftaUata Itt^. wUek «fn^ to bata lad t<^ kia 
 attar dettot.'^ Ha faMiaaaad Ao atraogib of a 
 paat by laaboyiag Aa a^Mt Mataa. Ha 
 appaalai to a powi^iljM& aUt lii aet 
 
 J. 
 
IJfB OV UIIBT niA 
 
 itv « u <* * i u i M i to Mmmmh 
 Ik, tiM kaii4 of Ih* PriuoM* 
 -Thtir utrriiff. — D«alh of 
 »tlh lh« Dak* of SnfUk.— 
 ih GbMia«U«t.— Bon* of hla 
 
 llpt, tkoui^ Bnrop*' 
 
 Kconnte that HMry «m 
 Hit. Louis WH coapdltd 
 bal \m M doinf he bor- 
 I akin, mmI mecMdad in 
 M«[M.(*) Ob tte diMo- 
 kmaeil c4 PIm, Lm I. 
 IM 10 foNfio ftU hoatUitiM 
 I nawrad the hm of u> 
 lulaiiiHitod bjr liU prtd*- 
 « datMhad bttMlf Aran Um 
 ' fowan vara only waMnff 
 appommitjr to bUow har 
 ■Mtdt viM.waa ad nw wiag 
 MM* villi Lonia XII^ on 
 I iM f M ^tii d ya til* 
 lamna. Loots, kwminK 
 Im naMgf af tin Bpaaisb 
 Mdl hii ssMBd dMiflitar 
 l« ailhar to dM Itfini Don 
 i^ar Dm Fatdlaaad, bcflh 
 araifaiagaovMaifpi. Tba 
 iaao^ «M to ba the dndiy 
 ihni lM«iaolo*||«botM 
 «li« Fopa. tha 
 Vahliaaad MtdarM 
 I pnpoMam, aad pnaBiaod 
 la— ea wiA flH mifiKot to 
 
 I MMddafsm.aiw— ittsd tw 
 rUsk OH^ to kava lad t<» kto 
 a hw iasi* flti at ia afft rfa 
 rise tta MfeM* MsdM. Ha 
 owwAd iNtS aidt lid net 
 
 OodwlH kas tkw bHaf y paoftrayad llaa> 
 mlUan't eharaetar i " TbU •mparor, bailav 
 ktlaptad for tha oounetl ebaoibw than tha 
 (laid of bal»!i, was tvtr hiumloinM plana, 
 out BO ona oould ha moia (asbU tn sctloo. 
 Whsthar in eontandinc agolaal ealanltiaa 
 or ia any other matter, ha waa aura to 
 allow th« ino>t f>yo<mbl« opiiortuaitjr to 
 tla|Ma."(*) Ws can Imanina tha an||«r of 
 (b« conqueror of Tnouanna, who waa buoy- 
 Ing hImMlf lip with tha hopa that ha waa 
 maatar of Franca. On MainK hia pray 
 thua inatchail out of hia ||raap, owing lo 
 tha policy of tha Vatiean, tha wtaknaas of 
 Fardinanii, anil tha Acklanaaa of Maiimi- 
 Han, Henry would In all probability have 
 yielded to his aoKer, had sot Wolaay with a 
 naatar^mind diaeovarad a mathod whereby 
 ha oould disconcert thta powerful rind with 
 whom Bogland waa esUsd on to contend. 
 Among the prisoners taken at tha baitla 
 ofOuiaagato waa Louis d'Orlaant, Dulu 
 da Longuavillr, tha cosidantial adrisar of 
 tha Franob soTetaign. To him Wolsay 
 eonlldad hia plan. Anne, Qoaan of Prance, 
 had Just died without iasus. Msry, the 
 aiatar of Haary VIIL, was to ba tha peace 
 (dhrldf.(^) Flattacad by the conAdanca 
 l aposad in Um by tha alnonar, tha Doha 
 da Longuarilla willingly pronlaad to use 
 bia iatarsat with Ua ■•varaiga, tad •••ord< 
 iugty wrote on tha svkisat to Loois, who 
 tnmadiatoly aothoriasd biia to cany on tha 
 negotiation. Looia, who parcairad ao dia- 
 parity of aga batwaaa a g^ of Aftaaa and 
 a aun of •flf>tluaab won oat with tha 
 Iktigoa of w», iiaagiaad himaalf tha father of 
 aatUBoreaapoatarity, Tliaounditionaof tha 
 tiaaty prara dmwa a^ ia a few waaka be« 
 twaan Wolaey aad tha DbIm d« Laaguavilla. 
 Loaia, ia axcbaaga fbr Mary's band, was 
 to laava Tonrnay ia possaesioa of England, 
 to baaiah Uchwd da la ^iA», oaa of tha 
 pratsadaia t> tlia Baglidi orown, from 
 Fraaea, to pay a diillioo of czwwna dhe for 
 arraava from Charlaa VllL, by Tirtua of an 
 aadant tresfgr,(*) aad to SMapti ia axchaaga 
 for a dowry of 40,000 arowns promised by 
 Hsnry, tlia diaoioads aad prafioua stones 
 
 (s) Ckidwia'sAaaaUofEtiglaad. 
 m Hvae. 
 
 (•I Ohligaiia pra sotations saaiai»<— By- 
 •ST. 2U1I., 4881 
 
 wkioh eoiapoasd tka !'riaaaec If ary's (»««•-' 
 
 Mary, oa her part, by a public act, r«> 
 fused to ratify (he oontraet nude rturiaf 
 her minority with Charifti ol 8paln,(^ 
 whom slis bad never larad. aa she ao> 
 nowladgad with parftet simplicity .(') aa^ 
 was marrisd oa the lath of August, lAlS, 
 to Lotils at Oreenwtoh, where the Duke da 
 Longnerllla aolad as pro xy for his sovwaiga. 
 The duka oa receiving the priacrsa'a Iwad 
 pronounced the usual vow. (*) Heary 
 promised in writing %u send Msry to haff 
 husband within two months after tha eera« 
 moBy.(^) Louis was ansiooa that tha tima 
 should ba abridged, aad wrote to lila good 
 fHend the Archbishop of York, la dis styla 
 of aa amoroas youth of twenty, urging 
 that Im wanted Maty aa aoon aa |MMei* 
 bla 0) Wolsay waa equally anxious for tha 
 departure of tite yoni^ queen, knowiaf 
 tliat he would then receive his ie«ompenea| 
 but he hcd two powerful Kpponenta to coik> 
 tend with. Henry, who was uowilliag to 
 ba separated from ona whom be ha<l alwapi 
 loved with great aikottoo, and tha y">*aif 
 bride hwaalf who fal^ {pvat rtluctanca ia 
 leaving ona (tha Dnke oif Suflblk) to tf^oan 
 aha had pUghted har hand and heart. 
 Loaia, aaaeqiiaiBtad with these obetariast 
 
 
 Rimer XIII., 414. 
 
 llymer,Xin.,41l 
 (I) Symer XIII.. 407. Msry had Um 
 aflaaosd to Charlss. Prince vt OasiUla, m 
 J607, whm only tea yaara of age. Among t||| 
 prmaati whiek ska had rscaliMid Atom kim «to 
 • jewel ia tka ntmf of a K, (Xaioiua,) wftk 
 a dsfvioa oom m emB t ative of a weddiag. — KlUl^ 
 
 I., ua. 
 
 (■) RyaMT XIIL, 423. 
 
 . , Oommiisia pro tradaotiaaa Maiim fra«« 
 aamm lagiaa.— Ryner XIII.. 440. 
 
 (>) Monsieur d'YoroL—Pourea qua Jay ssa 
 mtoor da ea porteur par dcl4, Je a'ay vauhi 
 lamer paitir saaa veoa porter let tree de may,-- 
 tt* par ioailas vevs priar et aftolaaasmeat 
 ^m vensveaiUea ft^reatea honaw et nasdfaMw 
 ssao mmsn dsttons auk Roy at Uayaaama WiM 
 finaga.st scnff, et aaaiy h ia Royna asa,Ma«M> 
 •fttm rooa piiaat. sa ocitn^ taair aula k m 
 V*»wm fbmaM psrts ds la plus teat qua fkiirk 
 fle pomm.— Car il ay s ohnaa aa eaawsdaqiaa 
 tsnt Ja dssirs da la veolr at sm trover avaoqaaa 
 elle. 8t, en oafUst, vo«a bm itoai pteisu et 
 aiobUgem da plus en plua 4 i<aas.-^Piisnt 
 dieu, MoBsiettr d'Yorci, qnil voos sitensi 
 saints jwda. Esodpt a Batampest Is seeond 
 jouf Centembia, lU4.~-(8ifato) Loya.-T> 
 Britidi Museum, MSS. OottiT^ b. VI. i 
 
 ' 1 
 
% f: 
 
 14 
 
 CMliniiad lo eooipya to WtAmy. (^ 
 H««rj hMl MCad agkinvt thfl tuoal poliay 
 <)t BngUnd '.n lunyinM hk •Iticr to th« 
 Kltkg of Fr>nr« i but h« wm in4u«iie«il bf 
 tk« hopt that h« would hlisMlf hav« • 
 AMBily, M KalltwiM WM at UmI tima 
 MMrj«l«x^ and the old *g* of LouU which 
 aaamad io prumiM harniiiiMM in hia«iaMr.{<) 
 At length, th(> |ir«|taratlit«t fur h«r d«|iar' 
 l«ra wtra eo«(»l«tad and Mary MUlad from 
 Baglaiid. Ilaarj). to aHavtata har Mirrow, 
 had xivan har aevvral praaant*, and had 
 pvl har under th« <ara of ihn Duka of Nar* 
 folk, tba Btahop of ll\y, and 8ir Thomaa 
 Bolajrn. Anna Bolayu alao aeeoinpanted 
 har ^har aa oMid of honour to the qoaan, 
 whoaa aalta waa In •^rery waj appropriala 
 . Is tha rank aha waa *bout lo (III. Thara 
 vhira alao aararal lOrda and ganllcniaa, who 
 •onJoetad bar a« far aa Abb«v lie. whara 
 •Im waa raarriad oa tha tha 9th of Ootobar, 
 1AI4.(') On tha morrow, Lad/ Guihifbrd, 
 «riwHa Mary iovad aa har mother, and til 
 iMMT lait^Hb attandaflia, aieaptlof Anna 
 Bolafii, wara eommandad to raturn to 
 Thia ordar deapljr affaotad tha 
 
 Toua yrianl oooonaar tt rabraaar la 
 voua pourrai, car la plot franifdMyr 
 j'aya poui U praaawt «at da la vaojrr daea 
 |a aai, at m» traavar avanqaaa allaa, poiu^aoy 
 an M f' wat at a'y paf^snt taaia, oomaw 
 T«M m «aalp*aa von* ma fbraa liafuliar 
 plalitf at lat qall aa aara Jaataia fua Jm aya 
 mafaaaaoa at ebUfaoiona arae voaa. — San* 
 inabar, lftl4.— Byaat XIII.. 4IM.~Ab aato- 
 paak ialtar flrooi M\tj to Loola i« pnaafvad 
 tkOm Britlah Maaaoai (M88. Coll VitaiL, 
 0. XI.), wUok wa now pn to tha raadar i — 
 ** Mpailwtf Man Itaai b la wa Bt a vottra mea 
 Uoniiaur Jay par Moo- 
 laTaiqtta da Lanooln raeu laa tiaa 
 ■a lattraa qoil voua a plan da aamairaa 
 md OMMt aata a traa gnat joya at 
 oottfoH. Vana amaraat Moaaiattrquil aya 
 liana ^ oa tant Ja daaira q»a da TOua n Jir. ttt 
 la Eoy Mooaianr, at (Vara lUl tonta axlrwaa 
 dUigMMa poar men alar da U k mar qni an 
 
 ttlllMr da Diau aara braara, \oua anppUant 
 aaaiaar ma Tosloir eapandmt poor ma ttaa 
 •taiguUara eonaolaeion aourant AUia aoavoir da 
 Toa ooovallaa anwmbia *oa Inna at agianblaa 
 ^aMn poor tou t obair at oonplair aidant 
 Boatra oraataar qui Tona doibt liaMia«« boaaa 
 via at lOHgaamaot biaa f ft v mt n. Da ia maia 
 4a votra bkm hnmbia compaigaa Maria." 
 
 fk) Mi«a Sirieklaad. IV^tS/ 
 
 <•) U. da Oawmda. Hltfoiia da rraaea, 
 
 xi..iao. 
 
 (*) MotioahiatoHqna Mir AnaaBoUya, aa 
 Uta dM totttai i« Haati VIIL 4 Aaaa da 
 Solayn, par M. Orapalat. ' 
 
 Civi ov MiMn rut. 
 
 (a) Vo 
 q^j'aya 
 
 quaaa, aa alM vowM ha aloM In a tm^gn 
 liioJ, wilhovt a (Maad to whom aha aowld 
 aoaAda har aaaral thwighia. in rain 
 did (ha aomplaia to Wcdaay of Uulw' 
 oo«da<ti(*) but kia raply waa, that ilu wv 
 of an ago lo laha aara of kMaalf, and dli( 
 not atand la aaad of a goirarnaaa. Mary. 
 kowairar, aoon iorgot bar iaoiaiian amid 
 tha galaty of tha franc h court. Sba waa 
 orowaad on tha Sth of Novambar, at St. 
 Doala, and oa tha foU'fwing day amda a 
 trinmpbft '^t antry Into Parla.(' ) Ilia young 
 brida wa dalightad with tha raoap(|<in 
 (tvaa bar by tha aitiaana.(i) aa alao ^ tha 
 
 t) Tbaorlai»*l la in 
 (') Tba •nil 7 of^Marv lata Parti ta r«pra< 
 
 vltk 
 
 tba Briilah Muaaum 
 Com.. Callg. U. VI., I4A. 
 »r Mary iai 
 wniml in a UmuiIAU MM. in tha Briitak 
 Muaaum. Vaapaa., Ka. II. 
 
 (C) Tba followiug ia ana of tba aoM i 
 wmi on Ui« Marnaga of Looia XlL 
 Mary at Kngtand i— > 
 
 oiiAMqoM lAiora aa L'aoMaava »a Haaaiia 
 iuaia. 
 
 1. 
 
 lavaiUaa voua ouan aadorali 
 
 Qui daa Aaaleia aalaa amya 
 
 Okaaiooa dm Maaia. 
 La Tboiaoa d'Or at la poaraiU 
 Oaa oJiaataaula, Aiglaa, at Mi Uta 
 J«>ym Dam« Maria. 
 
 Rav> illaa Toua, ate. 
 1. 
 Maria flila da *my lili ^ 
 Haary H t p tlaami Boy da prta 
 Priaoa lur toaa laa Priaeaa. 
 
 BavaiUai row, ato. 
 8. 
 Dai/nan da graaa wauya 
 Tant Plaadrm da taa anaMiya 
 Bamaalaal laa BgHaw 
 
 BavaiUaa vaaa, ate. 
 
 
 Bq)el»««i TOM J« v«H dia. Gkaaiaa 
 B<Nir nraoaa leaa naia 
 
 iiilt BMriaga. 
 
 BaraUlaa 
 
 A ce 
 
 li 
 
 OardieyaBanaMbdIi 
 Na fan ay (bt an paia 
 Tal pais, tal Ugaaiga. 
 
 Baraillai Toai, eto 
 
 e 
 
 Nona piy rrea a , giaM at patttib 
 Que toe Boya aoIeBt tana baM 
 Bt pais par teat la moada. 
 Bavaillai Toai^ aio> 
 7 
 Bl one aa lala aai Faradii 
 Moal ehaatoaa taaa i 
 Oafaisatdaeaoar 
 
 vMt>4.*-, L^.---e, 
 
Ufl •» ■■»>¥ fill. 
 
 ti 
 
 iM ba akMM In a htwif 
 rUnd M wkoa tlM setild 
 4 thounhw. in vMO 
 la WoImit of Uul*' 
 ■ raplj WM. (hti «k« WW 
 I mn af ImtmI/, aiiU dit* 
 I of • ff«irtrn««i. Mary, 
 vKoi h«r iaoiauoa amid 
 Pranch rourt. Sba waa 
 lih of Novanbtr, a St. 
 la MhiwittK day mada a 
 nto Paria.(' ) Ilia jrounn 
 tad »tlh tha raoapUim 
 iittaaiia.(i) at alaa^liiM 
 
 U U tlta BriOak Muaaun 
 |. U. VI.. 1411. 
 Manr tola PaHi ta npf. 
 
 Ko.II. 
 
 in Uia Briiiak 
 
 ■ to ooa of Um aaaa i 
 ilica or Loato XIL wllh 
 
 » L'aomiBva m Maaaiia 
 MASia. 
 
 I. 
 • voua cuaia aadomii 
 Aaaleto aataa aMja 
 a /»« M AaiA. 
 )r at iayoWMU 
 , Alglaa, 01 daa Mia 
 aria. 
 ■ voua,ala. 
 
 
 <ny lila ^ 
 ■a Kojrdaprki 
 laaPriMaa. 
 ■ *(MK,al«. 
 
 8. 
 nuM •■■«]« 
 da aaa oBaMkjni 
 
 ■ vo«ia,aM. 
 
 4. 
 
 |0T««B41a,i 
 
 lovamia 
 
 lata. 
 
 ■ Tow^ato. 
 
 II 
 aMhdte 
 tiiMia 
 
 trtm,i/f» 
 
 e 
 
 atfotha, 
 it lotM lK«a asm 
 It la miida. 
 
 ■ TOM^alO. 
 
 7 
 lanFaiadh 
 
 afWion (at km apottw. To flaaaa hia 
 wlfa, tha food I inn 'honKod bia mannar of 
 Uviof. fur ioalMMl a( dlninn ' a««ht, ha 
 dinad at twolvo, and tn liau ut nuum to bod 
 a« to*. It «raa ottati mldninhi bafttra ba 
 rodfod I* rMl.(*) LmIo turnad a iteaf aar 
 to tba ramoMtranaaa of hU pbjraloiAaa, aod 
 in runaa«)u«iic' «ii hia ou«iina«jr, "• ur#»tb«d 
 bla iMi Ihrao moothi nftar hta marriafa (») 
 A faw daya afVw tha uaonarcb'a daaih. tba 
 Duba of SnCulb. Mary's trtl lovar. »aa 
 aanl to Pranca by har brallMr, to eoadola 
 »ltb bar on har loaa. Mary, who bad 
 atraady driad u|i bar taara. r«lt har forinar 
 hiva rakindla for ono ol tb« banJaomaat 
 ynunii man In Qraat Britain. Thara waa t 
 two-fuld dangar to ba apvrabandad from 
 Mary'a raoutininn In Franoa- Sha miitbt 
 prova mtnimn, and Riva birtb to a ion who 
 would ooa day dlaputa tba tbrona with 
 rraneia I. or, bainff yat quita youoff. 
 nliibr, captlvata tba baart of a youthful 
 ^ontrob. li waa wall known at Roma 
 that y-Mry daalrad to raturo to KnRland 
 aftm* a faw waaka* widowhood. Henry 
 alao had adviaad har, Id hia laltai uf con* 
 doUue.', not to oontraot anothar rngaffo- 
 OHint without hia royal coniient and ap. 
 probation. Tha quaan rapliad, that aba 
 had. in aeoordanoa with har brothar'a wiah, 
 roarriad tha KInK of Flranca, but that 
 ahuuld ha again daairo to thwart bar inclU 
 imtion, aha abuuld antar a raligioua housa. 
 Hanry faaliof apprahanaiva of bar putting 
 har thraat Into aaaouiUin, conaantod to har 
 letunlng to England, and Sir Kichard 
 WIngflaid and Dr. Waat wera aant aa am* 
 haaaadora l« eoogmtulata Fraooii on hia 
 aooaaaioa, and to aa«ort tba quaan baok to 
 London. It waa not long aro Suffolk dia> 
 eovriad that h<! waa atiU loved, aa Ma<-y in 
 a prlvata Interriaw with tha duka ax- 
 praaaad Itkt laalinga on 'ha happineu of 
 tboaa who ara united in baart and aoul in 
 tha marriad lUb. Suffolk waa quiat i but tha 
 qnaan had aaflMent candour to tall Francis 
 that In oaaa of hat again aairring. har 
 •boM would Ml on tiia dske. "niiaiDtal. 
 ligtnoe tha Franeh monarch imnwdiataly 
 oonvayad k> that noblaman. who. in ratom, 
 
 Hananlt, Histaira da Bayavd. 
 OadwlB. 
 
 taforMad Frar<rtaof hta aniibai)|t"l aBt«ti<Ki 
 for Mary, an<.' li«auu||lM biin to |i4aad tliair 
 ruminon cauaa with Hanry, to abich FiMI* 
 cia courlaoualy acoatlcd. aayltt,^ ' " I V*^ 
 mm (o ba yuMr advooata, and I bopa 1 
 abail au«caad."(*) Suffulk. aiiliar impattani 
 at Franrta' dalay, or Imagining tba4 
 WoJaay'= i::!!u«ne« would be greater wl»% 
 Hanry. wruta to mm on tha aubjaot of hi« 
 marrtaK" wiib Qua«ii Mary. Tha almoner 
 took the aarliaat opportuoity of raantionlag 
 tba matter to bla royal maalar, who waa at 
 flrti quite indignant at that n<>bUmaa's 
 praaumption. but b«Mtme calmar kflar a 
 while. Wulaey then ruunaillad Uia duka 
 to write himaalf to tba kingi hie lett« 
 waa vary grarioualy reeeivad. Mary ala« 
 addreaaad bar brotbar t and thua coa> 
 eluded brr note i " Yuur Kraoa ia aware that 
 I gave my hand to Luuia (o plaaar you, and 
 I now truet tb« you wiU parc<lt ma to 
 beetow it on bim whom I love." (') 
 Henry wtlUngly gara bia cuoaeat to tbakr 
 marriage. 
 
 Wolsey'e nomination to the aaa of York 
 waa approrad of by the Pope i and Lao Z» 
 announced the intelliganoe to the favonrllo 
 in a latUr which muat have flattered that 
 prelate not a little, aa bia Holincsa apaaka 
 of the ability which the Almighty had eon- 
 deeoended to beetow on bim. On the day ol 
 hia cona^;;.;ion, Wolaey took tha oath of 
 allegiance to the Holy Sea. Before putting 
 on the roitra, he awora to defend the phvi- 
 legea of the Holy Roman Church, to rsvaal 
 |o the Bovereign Pontiff all machinatioao 
 that abould come to bia knowle<ige againol 
 his authority or person. The new ardb- 
 biahop did not, aa Henry had dona, ratira to 
 the antaM:hamber and alter tba oath.(«} Tho 
 
 (•) Let that alone to ma ; (or I and tka 
 auaan aball ao aolicil your maatar, Uurt haahall 
 be conienl.— Howard. 
 
 (*) Yonrgraao w.ll Imowa what I did, aato 
 my flrat maniM«e, waa for your plaaauia { and 
 now, I truat, yuu will >,uttwi ma to do wh«t A 
 lika.-Howard. t 
 
 (a) To the Boman Papacy and tka rlakts of 
 8t. Pelar I will glva aid, and wtU dalimd ihea 
 agaiaet all iMn. 
 
 I will treat honourably, and aariat tai oaaae 
 of nacaaalty, the legatee of the Apeelolie eee in 
 |oing and returning. I will take eara to pre* 
 aerve, 
 hoDouis,! 
 
 Cbaroh, e. .__ 
 
 oaaMia. Nor will! be eagHed in any coapcU 
 
 i; and retammg. l win taM eara lo pre* 
 B, dafimd, incraaaa, and promote ike rights, 
 tun, prlrilcfee, and aatboclty of the Remaa 
 rob, of our lord IhrPope, aad of Ua anc- 
 
 ■- y i»i>»'^» 
 
J.lr« Of MiiM fMli 
 
 u 
 
 BWM, if imftlM. »liU* 
 
 Km. fhrt btm rrwlil for liia Utftkj (• 
 W«h kit OMMara WoUay, ihut>«li can- 
 HwMlljr |prM|itii|| •tin irmk (ligniiMM and 
 lMM«n, «M (ythlttl M w«U to Um i>o^ M 
 to tiM likHi. Ila4 hU llfc hMn ^mf4 m 
 bM)« iongar, iinvf wuuUi nmwmt Umw^ 
 tl^wnA (JatlMlMtj, tiMl KnflUtui wa«ld 
 ■M iMva !• ■••»« fur Um bUxNl of m 
 ■My tmUjn, W« kaaw wM wlwtliw w« 
 ■ImwWI NNwt aialiv L«e'* aonduol in 
 •viMiofi CM avary ooCMioa bla •fb«» 
 Moa for HaMry, or thM nuNurdt'a >'*bniU- 
 •Iw obadkMW* to Um ToMiff. UndM 
 W«tMy, tea Ki«ff a# Bnil«Ml, «m ■ p(U« 
 alf 4aYu«lon to ih« Hiily Hm, awl m 
 ipla to all good Cteritliana, Md thar* 
 «M Mil « prkMa to f^hriatandom wknm 
 Lao l«vwl with a«ick affaotioa. Ula H«ii« 
 Mat oparly a«liiuH*U<i|pd lit aad to 
 wilttof to Hawry, aaid i " You know, to. 
 ind, that a# ail Chriatow aoTaraiffna w« 
 >«y«yo«lka ■loal ardanlly in Ika Lardi 
 ym III wkoM fapwaa Mr danraal aibeMun 
 m4 Mr imaal ko|i« i you wkMa wtakaa 
 W kav« arar aladtod to |raafy."(*) 
 Mm alwnya raady to atnra llaary. 
 
 A4ri«H. Cudloftl di CovMto, knd far ( 
 Um» mud «k« atotlM ^ eoUaotor of tk« 
 l«y*l (Mat Whkck tha crows had aoMudly 
 ^tU to Bone Hi* Kminaaea aatarally al 
 i ■ttuaa diapnsition, bat a Boat axoaUasI 
 ■M* had aoHMbow or athar dia pt aaaa d 
 ^tmuf, who eoMoqnaatiy (htoaadad kit 
 tMm far AiaiMtoa, m nmOm 
 
 •r tra«ly, la wMBk aayihiBfl naCivottmbla at 
 |to(M«iii>l to *ka wifMii r>f"<«> koBouia, or 
 aalatoa al ika mm Popa, or of Ika Bobmb 
 OhsKk. tt aUaaptod. 
 
 If il dMU aoBM to ny ksowlad^ (kal an 
 aack aUaaiyta aiadavbador aatoatell viQ 
 ktodar il m te aa Uaa la aiy powor. tad wUl 
 Ijtoa Mbnaatfea tharaof to owr aaid lord tka 
 P«Mk or to aoBM ana wko Bwy laportUMaawa 
 
 I MU dUlfMlly obaarta aad eawaotooM to 
 ak«na tha nilao of Mm holy IkUMia, tka •paa> 
 taUo doeraaa, ordinanoaa. aaatonoao. diapoM* 
 ilaas. a^MnayAiiA. nro'Tkitoaaa and aiandaliM 
 I will faraua (paiaa^oarj aad attock (ta- 
 , filpMbo) kwaMeis tohtoMt ioa, aad nholo 
 Hak i rt oar Lard and fctoawc c Mio n l i i r Ma l i li 
 to Uw ataMotof «y yowar. 
 ui lok^aMOodaadaHiakolyfamia. lUii 
 }m (V Bl-«r. XIII^ 4M. 
 
 Hi- 
 
 Tko prinra'a laitor to tka l o w w l )fa Poatur 
 la rwMbad In pohto tanao, and Laa lik mm 
 kMlWUwn in racailing tha CardinaJ dl («?• 
 Mrtu lo Rtioia (k) lUiirir m»nKmUH\ hi« 
 gratittida in a UtUr of thank*, whcraia ba 
 addraaaad Iha lovaiatgn Hoatdl aa M «a» 
 falhim aouraa of kladnaaa. a Ood wbooi k« 
 
 n^vw Biidfavaau in *biii, snii wqoM ha 
 
 would alwayt inroha and i^itj .( ^ W olaoy 
 aonlinuad iwrraaaing in |w«ar and waaMh. 
 Ha had rail Biapaua'a bouao to Inra at 
 Yorh-pUra, a royal dwaUioK. Aftar haria« 
 •aehanffad lh« litto of atmnnar na<i pri. 
 rato MOMtary km that a4 Lord Htflk 
 tAaMollor. whUh |Mot lianry nava him on 
 Warhaai'i raaigaittica of Om graat aoal.(4) 
 Wtdaoy rtratvod othar fkvoara tkroafli 
 kla royal maatar'a inuraot f^om Monai 
 for by th« arrhrnl of a bull, ahoitly nfUr hM 
 olaraltoa to tha chMcoUorabip, Lao aont. 
 aatad lita Cardtoal af St. CariiM and 
 kyato d Ultrt. Ho waa tovoalad with tka 
 iaaigtaia a|f|>*irtoininii lo Ua oaw rank ai 
 81. PMiv'a Ahbay, Waatoitoatar. nad aavar 
 waa thara a a<ar« «a«aiAsont aaramony, 
 fat tha mialBtor waa imm* nAm aa aa 
 aai p ata r of Hooao Umb m htuihh aanraal 
 asd atoiaiar of CtirML Tha klahopa of 
 Baghml aaaialod latkat m alavoa al 
 tha tvittniph of tha aahittoaa paakta^*) 
 Tha aaclani ahbay waa raaplandaat with 
 gold Md U«hia. Tka «hkot wh« had 
 baM daapatohad hy tko ValiaM with 
 tlw Mariat hat, waa M paoiily clad, that 
 M hia laadtoc al Oavor ha waa bootod 
 al by tha popolaao t hat Wdaay taal hni 
 rtoh raatto aa t^ aad had hia aoaaatad to 
 LMdM by biahapa. m^ni abbato. tmi 
 a uta mm n. pwlaf to ihio ririiiUMii, 
 iba rkpd aoadaMlMMl Ihaabltoy. dhdMd 
 oa* ia tha i f twdaa t ol ttm maga^ 
 caaoa^O 'fv wn.'^H* ,j .,•.,,. 
 
 Walaay did aal mJkt All pMrta 
 att Mt altoa to tha w ad piaatoeto alaaa. 
 ba* ha WM tavaiiably aooMipaaMd bf a 
 Raard of abbato, aarH httaaa, Uibapa 
 aad kaiHbta. who won ihiaihid to bk 
 auttef hawaakaawa al a iHatoaw tf bli 
 
 0) KyaMik XUI. 
 
 (•) Brit Maa. Oott, TitoU. B. IL, IM. 
 (A) Bpiat Marl Biaaoo. Iftlft ' 
 Braano, Fab. ». IW.-T 
 
 (f) HoaaiSU-TyadaL 
 
 Vita Mali. 
 
ttfi ov HmniT vitt. 
 
 vm*, And L«a fak ■« 
 th« CMdinsi (Tl (W. 
 ittrf maiU/MlMl hM 
 ' Infill*. «lt«Mla b« 
 in INMliff M M «»• 
 •w. a 0«d wbMa Im 
 
 ■Bin, MIU WVOMI n« 
 
 <lMk>riry(>) WaiMf 
 I iMMrar aiMl wmUIi. 
 '• b«MM l« l«T« iM 
 ■llinn. Affair iMviiif 
 I atinoiMr Aaii |>ri» 
 Ml o4 Lord Ht«li 
 i llanrf m«v« Kim on 
 ot Um ||r«ftMal,(«) 
 It (bvmiri UwoMfli 
 Ur««t from RMi«| 
 l>ul), ■hMtlir afUr kit 
 iU«r«bip, L«o aontt* 
 •f 81. Cacilw Mi4 
 raa IbvwMmI irilb Uw 
 to Im* ihw nuk M 
 iMiteater, »m6 amtm 
 ■SakAMot WTMnoajr, 
 vw«i4 n»km M M 
 I Ml k«iail>la MrvMil 
 M. TIm Mahopi of 
 Umt m tfavM at 
 mbiiioiM pnkto^i) 
 M mplMdaM with 
 l» «Mo« wlw kMl 
 with 
 «iad, UmI 
 
 ■I WdM7 **■* ^*"> 
 lad hia (mmM to 
 
 ) Mm rimwUMfi, 
 Ml lh»(iUNy. dbdMd 
 
 wiita* tfii pmmU* 
 
 r MMHpmMd by • 
 i% kiMM. Uthapa 
 ■• aliMhMl to hk 
 MadltlHMtIf Us 
 
 VitaU. B. IL, IM. 
 BO. Iftlfc— A— mlm 
 
 1b«« •«r<;^. WIm «r««y Imv« tkoM v«n- 
 
 day paaa awajr Uha Um «»rnia« <-l<««*d 
 baf»f<a iha rmft of iIm RMtnllMi tun ' 
 A loan M|«>ipa4« of mul«« (•illu««4l kim 
 wIm* ho iraTcUad, wttk valvat bag*. i« 
 whtah w«ra kia piata. iw. Momm uI Ua 
 tfwi/a uftu u c a fs liiiiiiiiS^^wjMCj* a« « •*^'*sc9k 
 aniJ w(ra |ir»a«nl* frtiin eruarnad h t a i t . 
 Wban ba anUr«l a tow«, tb« balla aoa- 
 HMfiaad riafflng. and tba iiia«iatr«Ma and 
 rUngy waiiad mi him with addraaaaa. Hia 
 apartmaaU, dtcoratad •■ tba ariaaid atyVh 
 wara inafBiH<-«i<i)]r fumUhcd, httti^ «». 
 MiHanlad witn ••ulpiura, pMntiiiga, tad 
 moaatea, Um wurba of aauva and furatgn 
 anlata, whoan ha ramaaaraiad Uka a nalMih. 
 At tbki 0»tio4, In Italy aa wall at In 
 Knglaod, anjr braurti uf aoianca. wbiah 
 waa not thorouchly uoidaratoud, wm r»* 
 fw4«4 M batarodoa. la lta()r. H wm 
 ahaltarad by tha wbMa taaaoah of Lao 
 X. I arni tn t^njiUiiii. ■.•: (h« palaoca <;f 
 Hanrj Vlil. and Wotaajr. «rhaf«, aaewra 
 from VKtrj attack, it brarad iba paraacutioa 
 of Ita atiamiaa. TkM U wm that Ootal, Um 
 Ibuadat of tha Hckuol of Mt. Fkol'a, whom 
 tha Biahop «f Loadon, dacaivad by talaa 
 laporta, |»roaacutad aa a baratie, found in tba 
 king , aad aapaotalljr in lb« cardinal, |>roiar. 
 ton, who dafandoit kia aa a aciaatiAa fianoo, 
 withoat ioqulriof into kia ortbodoi/.C) 
 
 Fardinaad anauaUy |iaid iha iniaiatar 
 f mo (FlandMra monay) m a ramanaratba 
 fur tha paiaa ba had lakaa in diawii^ ap, 
 aad ooacladhtfl tha nood, inii,aaMi iavowr* 
 abla IMaadahim cowddarativap and int«Ui< 
 gaoaa batwaaa tha vary high and pniamat 
 |itiaMa.th> ma»a at Kafhiad and raatilla (>^ 
 ProoB tlw araUoyiacopal aM af York ho !•• 
 cfiivad Bora ihaa KXMXWfr. (£Ajoon atav 
 ling). Ha fwMod tha ravamMa of tb<; a» « of 
 UaioliHi aad Wor r aat rr ata high prioa, hatd 
 Uia abbay of St. AlbMi'a and tha biaho|irio 
 of Bath fa rimwinrfM^ aad aaahaogad ihf 
 kftlar aM for thM of DwrhoM, oao of tha 
 wMlUilait b iah op i c a la BagkMd,aad Oaiw 
 ham, a UtUo aftw, ibr tha admiaiatiatioB of 
 tha aiiU woalthiar diocaM of Wiach«atar.(«) 
 It woold parkapo ba a diftenll taak to 
 
 (a) HowBid. 
 
 m*M(l<in a HMNiarrk aa vaalthy la Walaaf. 
 Maaimiiian aiwld aaaraaly (Mf bla Nwtaa 
 •aldiary 1 liotiia ftNind bimaaif tbligad l« 
 mn » tit* tarma to |Miy bia ally of Rnglaad 
 a Mnall aatn. Wa iiiuM, Ift^^^rm, aahnoi*. 
 hxtga that bia BniinaMa a|ia«*t bia |>r1iM<«iy 
 fortaaa nobly, ll«itt|H«ra, |>«»«4a. arttata. 
 In a word, al! vkn 9trs is di3tr««s, xsrs 
 •nra to And a frtaiid In Wttaay In vain 
 antuld bata Ii««n ao«i||ki around hia palaaa 
 a aiagla inalaaaa af daatitula pevarty 1 h* 
 alaraya toa4 aara thai ntlOMry ahould ba 
 baoialMd from bla domolM. Ma alloarad 
 panaioaa lo a graat nuni)>ar 'if aupar- 
 Miniiatad elargyman. and bad eurtaat 
 a««o«oia with all Uba apotba«ari«8 im 
 Loodnn, for tha purpoaa of aaabKng tha 
 poor (o (ditaia madknna in raaaa of ahiknaaa. 
 Kraamua, iha tm-arnata apiiit of aiaadar, 
 la piMiring tba q^ialiitaa of tbia miaialar, 
 Mja thai ba wm oaa af thoM prhrtlagad 
 ebaraatrra wfcoM fortnna anablaa thaw to 
 obtain graea is tiM cya« t^ 'Hs wathi, 
 inaaaDuch aa ba waa pardonad Iha high 
 poaitioa ha orcnpiad ia aM n a aqw o n ca iii hia 
 aobk gaMW»a H >.('i) Ha calh iha cardinal 
 ika Nkiry ot iha eowt of tha kliigiloai,(») 
 anotbar kiag of Rngiaad, <') hia rirtaa, 
 hia acianca, kia talriti, baing bia erowa. 
 Eraamna, who, If aw ara l« Judga from 
 tbo IbUowiag poaaagvs wm alwaya fond wf 
 iattariag, thaaka tha atauaaHia that Hritala 
 baa baaa oiaarad of thoM higbwapnaa who 
 bava ao k»ag lalbata/ bar. Oaa c«a ttaral 
 •aenraiy withoot iaM of baiag awUatad 
 by thoM wUd barala la hooMc forak Ha 
 ia Alasaador IlK OraM la a ararlai oaaoock, 
 who bM cut Um Oonttaa haol of IkoM 
 lalaraiaabHi tawoaita thai par pkuw d fta 
 BagUahiMT. HakMbmmhlttw ^aamli 
 whieh diTidad aoblo halMia la m aad| 
 ha hM raataaad to tha nMaaaMdn tha 
 diadpttaa af Um prteMra agM of Um 
 Chanhi ha bM laiil Um haap of alady, 
 wUah WM oa Um poial of baiai 
 gttiahadi ho hM avaaaad Ularataaa 
 har lathwgia ahubata. Plelaaiy 
 datphMartecad aol araa aaal thaa Waiaay 
 ia coUaetiag a libnar/. Ara wa im* ia> 
 dabtad to hia for tha lariTal of 
 
 S 
 
 BykkKraa. 111. SI. 
 Byiat. Kraam. XXUk, M. 
 B^ Bna. XXX., ». 
 
 T^- 
 
 r.-ji. — 
 
M 
 
 XirR or HRNKT Till. 
 
 UtiRnagei without which adence would be 
 incompltta) A glorioui miniiter, wIiom 
 Nrvlon to litarature poitcrltjr will always 
 Mlebnt«.(* ) Wolaey waa wont to intarfara 
 paraonally in the diiputea to which Eraamua 
 rafera. He acted aa an arbitrator, and in- 
 variably aucceeded in affecting a reoonoilia- 
 Hon betwcfin the disputants, his decision 
 being accepted, as both partiea well knew 
 that he had carefully examined every tittle 
 of evidence fro *t con. and, if required, 
 had even taken advio. He founded the 
 Court of RequeeU. where th* iigbte of the 
 poor were gratuitously defended. Godwin 
 ap«alis highly of theee institutions, and 
 their legulatione and equity in the adnii- 
 Bistratiun of Juetic«.(*>) Ttie poor had now 
 adyocatea to defend their righte and privi- 
 legeei and woe to him who oppreaaed the 
 widow and the orphan, for be had in 
 Wolaey a stern and inexorable judge. 
 
 On his nomination to the chancellorehip, 
 the poov flrom all parte of the kingdom 
 applied to hitd for relief) eo that Henry 
 found bimeelf compelled to create four new 
 court., which existed for eome time under 
 the presidency of the Keeper of the Ar- 
 chives, whose office it waa to eiamiua into 
 every complaint brought before Lim, and 
 to administer quick and prompt juatioe.(«) 
 The country felt that Henry had but acted 
 juatly in entrusting ths seal to Wolaey. 
 On the 39nd of December, 1515, the Arch- 
 biahop of Canterbury lemitted the great aeal 
 enclosed in a leathern case to the king, and 
 aaaled in five pUces with his own signet,(d) 
 and on the a4th, after vespers, Wolsey took 
 the customai'y oath as Lord Hig^h Chaif 
 cellor of England.(*) This new dignity 
 tequired freah dutiea from the miniater, 
 
 ' (•) Ellis. Era*. II., 1. 
 
 {'•) Gtidwin. 
 
 (•) Ttt« llrst court wss established at While- 
 hall, the second in Dr. Slokesley's chapel, the 
 dilid in th« chamber of the Lord Tmasurer, 
 and the fourth in the Rolla' office. 
 
 . (A\ Rymer, XIII.. 629 
 
 Yc shall awere that well and truly ye 
 
 who, while discharging Ita 'nnetlon^, 
 thought more of hia naatar than hie own 
 oocicienoe. Wolsey waa tha flret that re- 
 garded diplomacy aa :' admtet. He had 
 paid agents in the various oourta of Europe, 
 who kept him a« oowreiU with every turn 
 in political mnttsrs. Ha bestowed ocnsions 
 on all those who acted aa eples on the 
 courtiers; and to more than one woman 
 waa ha indebted for the disclosor of diplo- 
 matic secrets. Eraamuc, to wliom he olien 
 remitted cheques on the bankers at Nu* 
 remburg and Basle, was one of the Chan- 
 cellor's most faithful and docile agente. 
 Connected with ^hu clever eet mm in Ger- 
 many, the pliilosopher waa au oonront with 
 the religioua movement then commencing 
 to haraaa Saxony and Wit;amberg. Had any 
 one been told that Bi asmua waa enacting 
 the s|)y for Wolsey, lie would have been 
 aatonished. The Cbancellor'a chief oh{eet» 
 aa Raynaldi lemarks, waa to maintain the 
 balance of power between the rival houses 
 of France and Austria. Ik might ba 
 justly aocuaed of veraatility, were he to bo 
 judged by hia ftck?«ness of conduct towarda 
 Francis and Charles V., but his principsl 
 ohiect was, aa iv«nM afterwarda abowrd, 
 and aa tbe reader will perceive in oouraa of 
 thia hiatory, to make England th« suprfcms 
 arbitrator of Earojpaaa deatiniea. 
 
 diall serve onr soverevn lord the kyng and his 
 people in lite offlce o' ChaLcellor: 
 
 Krxdi ye shall «io right to all maiter of people, 
 pare vM. riohe, after the lawee and usagos ot 
 thisreabne; 
 
 And truly ye nul! oonnceill the king, and 
 his oouncill ye shah le/ne sad kepe; 
 . And ya shall not knewe, nor suBi-r the hurt, 
 nor dishereiyi\3 of tbe king, nor that tbe rijiht 
 is of the crowns tfe discresed by any mean, aa 
 for forth as ye may lelt. 
 
 And, if ye may not lelt it, ye ahall make it 
 Slerely and expreely to.be kjuowne to the king 
 with yous true advice and oounsell ; 
 
 And }e shall doo aud purchase the kinget 
 proflte in all that ye mays. 
 
 As God helpa you and the holy BvangaUaa. 
 •^Uyaer, Xlii., 6119. 
 
 , 
 
 
 \\ 
 
 
.UM i)t UUNET TItl. 
 
 itag lu fanetton^, 
 ■Mtcr thko hU own 
 ru lb* flral that n- 
 •• sekHOt. Ha had 
 )Ui oottrta of Buropa, 
 rant with everj turn 
 la b««tpwed ocndona 
 sd aa apiai on the 
 re than one woman 
 ediwloiur ofdiplo' 
 at, to whom he oltan 
 the bankera at Nu* 
 rat one of th« Cban- 
 
 and docik aganta. 
 leveraat mm in Oar* 
 wat an oottramt with 
 It then oommanoing 
 irit;ainbarg. Had an j 
 lasinua waa anaeting 
 i« would hava baan 
 icellor*! chief ol]|iaet» 
 waa to maintain tha 
 raen the rival houeea 
 ria. He might ba 
 atilitjr, were ha to bo 
 !• of oooduct toward* 
 v., but hia principal 
 
 aftarwarda abowrd, 
 percaive in oouraa of 
 biglaod tha aupKma 
 t daatiniaa. 
 
 lord tha kyng and hia 
 
 3habceUur: 
 
 to all manar of people, 
 
 I la wee and uaafoei^ 
 
 onncaill the king, and 
 
 naandkepa; 
 
 ira, nor soBvr the hutl, 
 
 (ing , nor that the riaht 
 
 reaed by any mean, aa 
 
 tit it, yaahallmakeH 
 
 l>e kjuowne to the king 
 
 idoounaeU; 
 
 id punshaae tha kingat 
 
 f- 
 
 id the holy Bvaagaliaa. 
 
 
 CHAPTER Vr. 
 
 UARIGNAN.— 1510 1517. 
 
 Aeeeedon of Franoit I. to the thfooe of FnoM.— Hia obaraoler. —He prepares to invade lialy.-^ 
 Behinner preaobe* a eniiaile in Unglnad againit Franep.— England refUaei to liattn to bim.— 
 Pollojr of Woliey.— Tret!:; of alliance between EnglaDd and France.— Expedition of Franeia I. 
 Into Italy.— Pa«iA|{e of die Alp*.— Arrival of the Switi.— Battle of Marignauo. 
 
 Thi Duke de Valoia, who had aucceadcd 
 Louia XII. aa Franeia I., waa juat of age, 
 and wae one of the handaomeat men of hit 
 day I of a majettic flgnre, an agreeable 
 addreta, a generosity thoroughly liberal, 
 and endowed with great feeling.(*) Hia 
 aeof ttion to the throne waa hailed with great 
 Joy by the people ; the ntudentt recalled the 
 day when the prince had taken hit gold 
 collar firora hit neck at Orieana, and placed 
 it on that of Aloiati.(>>) The toldiert 
 •poke of hia bravery on the fie'J of battle, 
 and the teart he thed when informed of the 
 •iploitt of Oaaton de Nemoara i(«) the ma- 
 giatratee of hia tynpatiiy for the Uterati,(') 
 the woman o. hia ohivalrie conduct to 
 Maiy of England, who threatened, by her 
 marriage with Louia XII., to put an end to 
 hia claims to the crown of France; the 
 loamad, of hia talf>go?amment in refuting 
 to litten to hia paaaiona for the young and 
 beautiful n'idow,(*) and the eourtien of 
 hia gallactry. On hia 'ocettion ti* the 
 throne, it waa predicted that he would b« 
 the king of the people, the hero of the 
 aoldiery, and the prince of the ladier (') 
 But none feU greater joy than hia mother 
 Louiaa. Not long before, he had been 
 ihrawn firom hia horte near Aroboite. 
 ** Tha Lord had i^ly on the poor whiow,*> 
 itemarked Louiaa; *' pity on her tean and 
 prayera, and took not from her maternal 
 
 (a) Maierai, Hiatoire da Franca 
 
 0>) Andin.— KIstoira de Calvin. 
 
 («) Hume. 
 
 (*) BrantAme, Captainaa Francois, i I'art. 
 Fraocoit I. 
 . <e) GaiUard. Hisloira do Frau^ofai L 
 
 (0 Gtaeurio I^ Storia di Gailo Quinto. 
 
 embracet an orphan eon." She had loat 
 her husband when Francis wat an infant ; 
 and recalling to mind that in 1511, he had 
 been nearly carried off by a fever, ah* 
 thanked God, and said : " Now. indeed, am 
 I rewarded, in living to hear of hit being 
 anointed with the holy oil of Rheima; not- 
 withitanding all my anxiety and aorrow, 
 heaven be pralaed, I never yet diatruttad 
 Divine Providenee."(<) Lonita of Savoy, 
 entirely wrapt up in her ton, had no (bought 
 oir the future; cjr did the teem alarmed at 
 hit age and dispntiuon. Franeia aasended 
 the throne at twenty-one. The King of 
 Scotbnd w?a but a child, and Henry wa* 
 th*n in hie 34th year. Not a tingle gray 
 hair had yet appeared on the headaof thoaa 
 ■overeignt io whom heaven had oonlldad 
 tb* destiny of the world.(^) Fraoee wt* 
 preparing for war. Thiee hundred eannoa^ 
 two feet long,(i) were ordered to b* ca*t 
 and conveyed by mnlea acrota the A^ 
 Leo, on behig appriaed of thia dreumttaao*, 
 appealed to Switierland, over ready to Ify 
 to the aid of the Church when in danger. 
 Again waa the terrible cry of war against 
 the barbarian heard amidtt the mountain* 
 of Uoterwaldrn. - Franeia could not re* 
 flonquer Milan without the aid o/ England. 
 Would Henry conaent to the renewal ol 
 tb* treaty which he had made with F^mnw) 
 Thia wa* » qn**tion requiring immediat* 
 •dintion. 
 England waa, at this time, much d]*> 
 
 (f ) Lettria de Louiaa, 12th Sept, 14M.— 
 JoUnal. -» 
 
 (k) Sharon Turner. 
 (>) Men. da Bayard. 
 
i 
 
 ( 
 
 «0 
 
 .XUtU or HKMBT TUL 
 
 li- 
 
 turbcd by * prieat who waa engagad in 
 preaching a oruiade against Pranoe,— 
 "AriatI" aaid he, in hi« umi-paKan, tiemi- 
 obr^atiao lan^uaKe, to his auditury, " ariafl, 
 in th« name of the gods, arise I Fortuna 
 oaUa on you to ariae: aha offera you a 
 kingdom, wealth, dignitiea, glory, honour, 
 all thia belonga to you — take it. To arma I 
 to arms t show the world what it has to 
 ezpact from the king, from the aristocracy, 
 in a word, from Great Britain heraelf.'X') 
 It waa more as an artist than an orator 
 that Schivnar deacribed the fhiture events of 
 tha life of Henry VIII. The harangue waa 
 like a panorama, wherein the king was 
 represehited on his war-kor«e rushing on 
 Ilia flying enemiea, entering F cardy in 
 triumph, at the head of an army of 60.000 
 man to conquer FraDee,(b) and re-demanding 
 «t St. Oenya a crown which waa hia both 
 by.right of birth and conquest. Schinnsr 
 waa no tongar addressing, nnfortunately for 
 hia cauae, the mountaineers of Switser< 
 laad.(*) Henry felt no inclination to un- 
 dartake a new war against France, as hia 
 ivat axpedition had nearly etbaustad the 
 tnMmy bequeathed to him by hia fiuher 
 Two of hia braTeat naval officera had fallen, 
 ■averal of his ships had been loat, and 
 'Woiaey, who directed the princeV conncils, 
 tionad la the designs of Ua palace at 
 Hampton Coii<i,(') saw neither profit nor 
 glory in another war iriih Fnnca i the 
 BBiniater, moreover, had lost^ coafldence 
 in Ferdinand, whose pnidence he admired, 
 bat in whose fideUtj he eoald place 
 BO depeBdenn.(*) Franoia bad chosen a 
 dtilAil negotiator, in tfi» first preaident of 
 Rooen, to treat «lth Brnry, who, by flat- 
 tning the monardi'v vinify, aad bribing 
 .Wolaaj, ooadndedatreaty between the two 
 erowM in the name of hia master; thia 
 treaty to hat during the Ufitftime of both the 
 ■umardia, aad a year after the death of 
 
 (•) Oraiio ad exdtandoa «mtra Oalliam 
 mmaaoa, auudml v«rA ne pace com victis 
 prwKiiaBt agaturi saactieri An^oraas ceo* 
 ciUo (Ncybila, anAo k Ckristo nato lftU>— 
 autkore llatth. cardiaali sedneasi. Antste^ 
 lodaml.1709. 
 
 0>) Sckinner. 
 
 (•) Audin, Histoire ds Lisa X. 
 
 m The 'SliaDger's Guide to HaiaptM 
 
 OoBit, h^ John Omndy. 
 (•} Meseni, Histoid d« 
 
 Fraiiee. 
 
 him who ahould b« first called hence, waa 
 signed on 5th of April, 15I5,C) at the very 
 morovnt that the French artillery wee 
 passing through Dauphinv, on its way to 
 Italy. 
 
 Theae warlike preparations did not 
 frighten the English cabinet. Wohey 
 had resolved not to oppose the Transalpine 
 expedition, inaamuch as ha believed that 
 the Swiss would successfully resist Francis, 
 and that, though viciorious, atill Franca 
 would neoeasarily shed some of her hevk 
 blood for conqueats that she would neces- 
 sarily never be able to keep, England at the 
 same time remaining perfectly neutral. 
 The chancellor in bis correspondence ae- 
 knowledgea in every line the courage of 
 the French. He concedea to them the 
 poaMasion of all thoae military virtoea 
 which once distingoiahed the Romans, but 
 refuses them the credit of civilisation. 
 Bom to conquer, the French knew not how, 
 eepecially in Italy, to keep their conquests. 
 " Let them go on, iet them triumph. Eng- 
 land, when aha plaaaea, can arrest their 
 progress, not by her sddiere, but by her 
 tailorat" for Wolsey depended more for 
 the future renown of England on her naval 
 than military atrength. Tbe treaty included 
 thoae mariticte queetiona which in the last 
 reign had ao often menaced the peace of 
 the two mationa. 1V> aecuie the liberty of 
 commerce betw«« Eoglaad.and Fraaco, 
 it WM agreed that ao armed veeael in 
 time tif war ahould aail firom either nation 
 without having first given bail that aha 
 woald neither directly nor indirectly 
 moleet marchMUmen aidling under tlM 
 alUed fliC" t *"<'> nioreover, that aha wenedd 
 carry no aBimunitioB far the a'Miiiy.(9) 
 This cbnM waa eetirely in flkvonr of 'Eiag' 
 laod, whieb, imdor (Sljbatp was aboot to 
 nndertake one of thoae vcyages of droom- 
 aaviga^k>a^|M«h would aitend her tiaffle 
 jfco nnkiMnni landcj^) Wokey feltcertfin 
 that Safbuid woald one day pby a epnd« 
 deraUe part in the commercial as well aa 
 in 'Hie naval traaaai^ona ot the world. 
 
 (f) Bymer, Xm, 470. 
 
 (C) Iitotard. TraiU, Ac., il.. 1%. 
 
 ,(k) HemoiM of Sebastian Oabot, by Biddle 
 of Pittabnrg.— H jatorioal view of the ps«gn«i 
 of .diacoYoy m ^ nam BCtttwia ooaata of 
 Aftiq*.^BdiBbai#t Oakii^ lOti^. 
 
 ] 
 
 ""iimm 
 
 *BB'«»»'™ 
 
LIrB or RBNRT Tilt. 
 
 Srit caltttil henoe. WM 
 11, 1SIS,C) Kt thererjr 
 Frenoh artillery wu 
 uphinjr, on iti way to 
 
 vpftrKtioni did not 
 1 cabinet. Woliey 
 ppoM the TraoMlpine 
 1 &• be believed that 
 eiefully resist Francis, 
 icioriouB, still Franca 
 led some of her bevk 
 that she would necee- 
 > keep, England at the 
 ig perfectly neutral, 
 is correspondence ae- 
 f line the courage »f 
 sncedea to them $h« 
 those military virtues 
 shed the Romans, but 
 redit of civiliaation. 
 Frenoh knew not how, 
 9 keep their conquests. 
 i them triumph. Eug- 
 Mes, can arrest their 
 nr addiars, but by her 
 )y depended more for 
 f England on her naval 
 th. Tbe treaty included 
 tiona whiflh in the last 
 menaced the peace of 
 b aeeHT* the liberty of 
 I Enghad.and Fraaee, 
 t no armed vesael in 
 •ailfirom either nation 
 ■t given bail that she 
 irectly nor indirectly 
 len sailing nnder tlM 
 ioreov«r,thtt she wenidd 
 tion fiir the *'ieny.(9) 
 irdy in flm>nr of ]bg- 
 r C«lio^ was abont to 
 MM Toiyagea of eiraiun- 
 wvM Mtmd her tiafflfl 
 !>) Wokey felt oertpa 
 1 one day |day a epni^ 
 I oommerobl as well as 
 ^ona of the world. 
 
 ,470. 
 
 lU, Ac., ^I.. m. 
 ihestian CSabot, by Biddle 
 rical vtewef theps ogM K 
 ■wow* eottium ^*^*^*** o# 
 
 A few months afterwards, the treaty was 
 ratified in the usual manner by tV j princes 
 swearing to observe the articles of the 
 agreement on the Canon of the Mats and 
 the holy gospeI«.(>) It would appear that 
 after so sulemn an oath neither of the 
 powers would have thought of war ; but the 
 Papacy at this period was wont to interfere 
 as judge on the transactions of sovereigns, 
 and It was to the see of St. Peter, the 
 living type of the invisible Majesty which 
 reigns 7n the heavens, that princes dele* 
 gated the power of punishing on treaties 
 being infringed. They called on him to 
 punish him who should violate even a tiitle 
 of the treaty ; and to hurl down the thunder 
 of the Vatican, in case of breach of faith, 
 not only on thsroselves, but even on their 
 herediury rights.(k) Every thmg was ready 
 in France, In the spring of IfilS, for the 
 commencement of the campaign. At last, 
 diera was a prospect of France taking her 
 revenge for the defeat at Novarra. The 
 road from Paris to Lyons was crowded by 
 liorsos, carriages, wagons, cannons, and 
 troops, on thehr wiiy to meet Francis, who 
 had ^>pointed the laat-named city as the 
 place of rendesvons. Hia sut^s showed 
 great eagerness not only ia laying down 
 
 (•) Nous Fran^oys, pai; la grace de Dien 
 roy de Prance, due de |f Hut «t Seigneur de 
 Genaesi sfomeetons sar notre bonnear et aveo 
 karoUa as i«y et Jurona sur le oanon de la 
 ^oaM «t eai|»Gtes EvangUlee.par noits pieseute- 
 neat toochMs, fue nous entretiendions et ferons 
 entretonir par aos royaanes. fairies, seigaeu- 
 liee M eahlAa, Cmneawit et iavioteblensent. 
 le trsictd de pai*, union et amiUA fkiets et ooa- 
 duds le 5« jour du mots d'avril, deniirement 
 'ifuti/t i Londres par les depputes et commis d4 
 ties hault et tree paissaat prince, notre tree 
 cUer et tr«s anrf frexe, oousia, le toy d' Angle- 
 terre et lee isostres.— Fait & Montargis le 8* de 
 May, I51». (8i|iied) FaAM^ors. 
 
 Atnai nous ayde Dieu et Urns ses saincts et 
 ke iiuiea ssinctes Bvangilss. Rymer XIDL., 
 AOL 
 
 ' (>>) And to obtainabollor apostolic rescript 
 vnsde and expedited in due and snfflcient 
 form, in which all and singular mattters oon- 
 tained and specified ia tiie said treaty, shall 
 be conflnned by the authority of the apostolic 
 see, on paia orecolesiastical punishioents and 
 cessures to be SnUlcted on tu and our heirs, 
 and of a eenlence el interdict on our kingdorav, 
 oouatries, and doasbibtns, if we viofatte, or 
 llilowto be riolated, this treaty, or any portion 
 thkweof.-^. d« SUva.— F. it la Ckksbe.-^ 
 Rymer, XIII., 487. 
 
 their lives for him, but many sold their 
 plate and gave him the money.(<>) The 
 acts of donation are still in existence to 
 testify to the patriotic conduct of these 
 noblemen. One of them, the Seignetir 
 du Bouchaige, lent 339 marks of plate to 
 his lord the king to aid him in supporting 
 the immense 'Expense which he would 
 have to incur.(d) 
 
 There were two roads to Italy aoroas the 
 Alps, one by Mont Cenis, and the other 
 by Mont Genevra, both bordering on the 
 plain of Su8a.(o) where the Swiss awaited 
 the arrival of the French army. The snow 
 collected in winter on the mountains had 
 not yet thawed. Holes in the rocks, which 
 the hnnter might have used to ensnare his 
 prey, became servieeable to the peasant as 
 a bulwark against attack. At the slightest 
 notice, sentinels, ooncsaled from human 
 aye, were ready to awaken their comradea, 
 had they, overcome t^ fatigue, fallen asleep. 
 To each corps of the Swiss army was at- 
 tached an almoner, who, at the approach of 
 the enemy, gave the signal for prayer, «.«., 
 for the oommeneement of the straggle. 
 At the appearance of Tell's bar.ner, which 
 one of the mountaineers would run and 
 place on one of the icebergs, the detach- 
 ments would approach and form thenoelvea 
 into a battalion, imperrious to all, save the 
 cannon ball. Prospero CSolonns, who bad 
 feaaon to know the Frenoh character, says, 
 laoghingly, that they would have been im« 
 priaoned in this labyrinth of monntaina 
 lik« a bird in a cage, had Utey ventured to 
 foree their way through the passage-C!) 
 "^ Piedmontese peaeanta were engaged 
 by Francis to discover a d*file in tbeaa 
 wilda, with every hole and corner of whidi 
 thegr wne of coarse acqaainted, by which 
 the French mi|^t peneinrate into Iialj, bsl 
 thmr attempts w^re unsucoessfbl. Bvary- 
 whare tti^enconntered precipices, abysses, 
 anow. and ice. At Ust, one of the huntnra 
 oUbred his assistance as a guide over theae 
 unknown regions. Trivulcio was ac- 
 qaainted with the passage, and said that if 
 
 (e) Capeflgne, Franqis I., and the Benais- 
 sanre. 
 
 («) M88. de Bethune. 
 
 (•> Mem. de la Trewwi^le.— Dn Bellay. 
 
 (') Que^ Prsnceei sono mi^ corns gU 
 plppionl oella gabkiii* 
 
Lira nw u»»n tiii 
 
 ihtf ■»««» tuilHclently hwtly thtjr might 
 ptu it. The trmy replied th»t they were 
 willing to follow him, «nd bid him leeJ the 
 way } and the work commenced, " a work," 
 My* Oiovio, "worthy only of fiende or 
 giantB."(*) *n "O""* pl*o«"» *'•" cavalry 
 and infantry, were obliged to traverie a 
 bridge, formed of fir treea bound together 
 and thrown across an abj'Sit in oihere, 
 tbey h«d to climb a aort of aerial ladder, 
 placed on a granite rock, which they wer« 
 alao sj'jJBpelled to descend on the o|.posite 
 aide by holding on with their feet and 
 haoda. OscaeiontUy, pieces of the granite 
 would crumble off, carrying with them in 
 their deecent those who had been suffi. 
 eicntly venturesome to risk their lives. An 
 aVahmcha would perhaps suddenly leap 
 forward *ad bury those at work beneath } 
 and over the bed of stones formed by it in its 
 descent, th«y would throw branches of treea 
 to make their horses more sure-footed. 
 
 The French army advanced but alowly. 
 aa they had to convey their ammunition 
 and baggage, enooantering at each step 
 yawning gulfs and precipices, ready to 
 ■wallow them api and in reply to the 
 murmur of the torrent, aa it flowed in ite 
 onward course, the neighings of the horses 
 and ories of the soldiers, whom a false step 
 had hurled into the cha«m or over the 
 precipice, ihey exclaimed with truly military 
 enlfauaiasiB : "E» «MNf, m tmmt." The 
 Swiss, enc«mped on the plain of Susa, 
 darmed at seeing the enemy, whoae liaaa 
 extended as far aa the plains of St. Donate, 
 so near them, retired to Milan-C) The 
 laoanttineers were in a state oi eoccellei^t 
 dist ^ine, under the oommand of the 
 Lan&uamau of Schwyta, Uaterwalden, 
 Zif and Glaria. Roust, bargomaster 
 of Friburg, led the right wing, con- 
 poaed of the peaaanu of Zurich, Sohaff- 
 henaen, and Coirej the lef» wing was 
 under the command of the kmrgcmaetera 
 of Lucerne and Bile, and the artillery, 
 emnposed of » few culverines, under the 
 atien of PonUly of Friburg.(») The Swiaa 
 deapiaed the latter corp9 (artiUery), trasMng 
 
 •) P«uliu Joviu» — Historia soi temporls. 
 M Archives d'Estiher et HotUnger, l^ 155. 
 M htfo. Hist. d'tttli«.-^Tnuuiated Stem 
 the Sermau, by 'X. Iio^»0m. 
 
 II 
 
 entirely to their Infantry, which had dona 
 such execution at Novarra, and had de- 
 cided the day both at Morgarten and 
 Morat. 
 
 After a short prayer, Werner Stainar 
 arote from his knees, and led on his faithful 
 Zugghesa to the charge. Meeting with 
 ratiier a warm reception from the artillery, 
 he hesitated, and would have retreated, 
 had not Schinner haatened tn his aid. 
 Werner rallied hir men, and the battle 
 recommenced with renewed ardour. The 
 artillery now retreated in their turn, leaving 
 behind them a few pieoes of cannon, whi^h 
 5b11 into tha hands of the Swiss. The French 
 army waa evidentl; ,nic-strioken, as tha 
 constable oould soart^iy rally his men, and 
 even tha Chevalier de Bayard had fallen on 
 therear.C*) But the French cavalry, stung to 
 the quick by their defeat at Novarra, and 
 feeling themselves bound to vindicate their 
 honour, spurring their horses, gallantly 
 charged the enemy, and animated by tha 
 example of their sovereign, who waa at tha 
 head of his division, achieved wonderSk 
 They had commenced the combat at ten, 
 and atill continued their deadly atruggle by 
 the light of the moon, that " aooihing em* 
 blem of paace and meekneea" which had 
 riaen on thia scene of carnage and de«ol*» 
 tion.(*) The chargaa of tha oavalry ware 
 inoeaaaati and tht Swita linaa, attacked 
 by tha artiUery of Genouillao, .opened, and 
 hen immediately oloaad their rank*. fh« 
 lanoec bent down, and roaa np atained wHh 
 gon I the long culrarinea roUad along on 
 their wooden canriagaa ; the Alpine horn of 
 Eri wu heard mingling ita haish aound 
 with the Frandi elation. In thia horriUa 
 mriti of horses, men. awoida and oanaoa, 
 Franda was wounded and nnhoracd-C) 
 Werner Steiner «c« | hlmeeif norfaiOy 
 wounded, aad Ponteiy earriad off, tha 
 fleld aevanly hr^ rve fight eoatiamd 
 until the moon ' i • i^ in a denatel««4, 
 and enveloped di^ : ^ain where the <BMf 
 
 (4) Du Belky.— Uuicciardini. 
 
 (•) The uwon arose on the soaoe of de« 
 atrucUon as the dartnees b^an to spread ; aad 
 «« her pr«sene«. the soothiag emblem of peace 
 ■ad mildaess, Mlamlned the ttorisoo, thej «att> 
 tinned the fUriovs oooflkt, heedleM of fitU|«» 
 MrdMlh.— Tuner. 
 
 (f) (I'ttiooiaidini 
 
 T 
 
'■.':^^' 
 
 fitrr. wbtoU bftd doM 
 ilovarra, and had d«- 
 \,\\ at Morgartan and 
 
 ayer, Werner Stolnar 
 , and lad on bia faithful 
 lar^e. Meeting with 
 Lion from ihe artUlerjr, 
 rould have retreated, 
 haatened to bia aid. 
 men, and the battle 
 renewed ardour. The 
 d in their turn, leaving 
 ieoea of cannon, whi«h 
 the 8wiia. Tlia French 
 ,nic-atrioken, aa the 
 ,Stj rally hia men, and 
 e Bayard had fallen on 
 French cavalry, etung to 
 ofeat at Novarra, and 
 iiund to vindicate their 
 heir honea, gallantly 
 and animated by the 
 ereign, who waa at tha 
 IP, achieved wonders. 
 Ksd the combat at ten, 
 licir deadly atruggle by 
 n, that " aooihing em* 
 meekneaa" which had 
 >f carnage and deaol*- 
 M of tha oavalry were 
 Swics linaa, attacked 
 enouillae, .epanad, and 
 taad their ranlu. fh« 
 id roae np atained with 
 roriiMa roUad along on 
 [•a I tha Al^ne hora of 
 |Ung ita hanb sound 
 ion. In tiiii hoiriUo 
 i,awoida and oanaoa, 
 dad asd tuhorsodC) 
 re* I hlmaatf mortaHy 
 nteiy carried off (the 
 '^'He fight eoatianad 
 .fi;i^inadaBacoleA^ 
 '-*«ln where the WAr 
 
 Suict'iardiBi. 
 
 «e on the aoane of da* 
 eat bHW to (pir^^ » aitd 
 oothiM emblen of poaee 
 ed the horlson, they «tt« 
 met, httAXem of ftUpM 
 
 urn or ■mbt tiii. 
 
 M 
 
 tmiding anaiea were engaged in mortal 
 Htrife in funereal darknese. and thua cauaed 
 a temporary ceaaatiunoTthe battle. Sobin- 
 ner t'<. ku distributed proviiiona to hia men, 
 and Fruit'ii, who had bdcn on horaeback 
 aiooc three p.m., aake<2 a euldier to bring 
 him a cup of vater. Hia requeat waa "lom- 
 piied with, but tho liquid uaa tinged with 
 blood. (•) The hc»tile armiea were only 
 divided by the ahit:. whose ghaatly ap- 
 pearance became yet more appalling from 
 the lurid Hl>re of the pitch torohce. The 
 French linea approximated *o doaely to the 
 Swiaa that Oe Boisey extinguiihed hia 
 torch, lest the enemy ahould recognise 
 Francis by ita reflection.(>>) The Fnnoh 
 infantry remained uuder arma all dky, and 
 the cnvalry all ni«ht.(o) Afler a brief ti-uce 
 of a few hours, the atruvi^le recommenced. 
 At dawn of day, the S<viaa were arouied 
 by the voice of their elmjnera, who ex- 
 horted them to address a last prayer 
 to heaven, imploring mercy, and *n take 
 some alight refresbmsnt, for they had re- 
 ceived provisions through the cardinal from 
 Milan, (d) while the French had nu food, 
 Inaamuch aa trusting to their arms they 
 had hoped to have taken the city ere the 
 tnoming.(*) 
 
 An hour before aunrise, Franoia had left 
 the gun-crrriage which bad eerved aa his 
 piliow during the night, to take council with 
 his officers » and the euemy hostcnei to 
 extingubh the fires they had lit during the 
 night leat their movemenla ahould be bic 
 trayed. As on Jm previous day, the Hwiss 
 infiuitry eommeoeed the engagement, but 
 franela was prtpaied for them. The 
 artilkrymsB were at their eannoni the 
 ennltj on honelMdk, and the lancers had 
 thefarlanoes ready couched. Schianerthns 
 harangued hisnonntaineers; "Ck>mrades. 
 lemember Novarra. Yon were then ooe 
 against ten » yet you defeated tLe French 
 aa^ ehaeed them fror Italy. At them 
 ^giia, in the n»«oe of God." (0 Franoia 
 •ddnsaed not his men. The #hite plume, 
 
 (a) Tbomt. 
 
 lb) Oapeflgs^ 
 
 (a) Lettre de Praa^ I.— Turner. 
 
 m Qpiociardini. 
 
 m Tomer. 
 
 (r^ Peter Mai^. 
 
 ~r^- 
 
 waving gracefully in the a<r from hie hel- 
 met, touched their hearta more deeply. 
 The rival armies had had no leisure to 
 bury their d^ad, so thnt the Hwias marobed 
 over the bodies of their slain comrades (() 
 Roust charged the lancers, who fled at the 
 Ant oni^et, but rallymg. returned to the 
 engtgement, aupported by M. de Guise, 
 but they were again reputed. 
 
 At thia juncture, tha Gascons and 
 Navarreae, at the king's command, charged 
 the mountaineere, while the oavalry of 
 Genouillao atucked them in flank } and then 
 were men Men to fall aa if they had beoQ 
 so many ekittlea. But if the artillery took 
 effect on the Swiss, the swords of the men 
 of Uri, Unterwalden, and Zug, were by no 
 means idle, and victory waa at one period 
 of the day confidently c':iimed by both 
 parties. If Roust crossed the rampart 
 defended by the French, Maugiron and 
 C'oss^, at the head of the bowmen, repultied 
 the detachmenlB that had attacked their 
 rear. iVhile the isaue of the battle waa 
 yet in the acale, the war ciy of Veuioe. 
 " Marco I Marco 1" waa haard, announciog 
 the arrival of the Venetian general, Aviano. 
 The Swics now hesitated,(i>) but rallying 
 again attacked the en$>my. At this decisive 
 moment, Trivnlcio opened the dyke of 
 Lambro, and inundAted the Swiss camp. 
 Hie mountaineers had now to eovtend 
 against two enemies, — against the one with 
 thehr arma and the other by boring hoiafi 
 in the ground with their lancea, as an outtec 
 for the water t but at last their desperate 
 courage flagged, and they were soon per- 
 ceived retkcsting alowly, having first formed 
 under the very fire of the as-tillery, with 
 their arms in their banda, their fiaga ca> 
 (urlad, rolling their cannon before them, 
 md bearing their wounded on littera trom 
 4he field of batUe. Only one of their 
 banners, the bdll of Uri waa ndssing^ 
 and it was afterwards diuovered in ^e 
 death-grasp of a civuntaincer belonging to 
 that eanton.l') 
 
 Franoia had gained his purs t his horse 
 liad been tiriee stabbed. He 
 
 (>) Sismondi, Hiatoire dee Francois, 
 (h) Ligoe de Cambrai.— Plants, Hiatoire 
 de la Conttdtattion H?lii(ique. 
 ((} Archives of Sseher snd Hottiagsr. 
 
ir 
 
 tivi! or Murar ntt. 
 
 tmj wbm in (b« iUld wHh • spiandld 
 MrbaneU on bit hrlmat, Mid wMurinn on 
 k\» \tnux • gold jUw dt H$. By hli tldo 
 WM a iquiN with tiia Franeh bBnn«r.(*) 
 At thu iMt Swiu «oldi«r» vvturned from 
 the field, h« eent for the CheviUff de 
 Bayard, and thut ad Jreaicd bim i " Bavard, 
 t with to be knigbud by you" Bayard 
 replied, " Sire, the kin^ of to noble a 
 kinKdon it already a knight I" " Make 
 haate, there it no time to b« loati nor 
 haw wa the Iriiure to tpaak of the lawa or 
 regalatiuna. Do what I requeet yoa." Then 
 drawing hta tword from iu icabbard, Bayard 
 ■dd: "Sire, let ihie aword vnHXu muck 
 Mif it had appertained to Roland or Olirer, 
 Oodf^y or hia brother Baldwin. Yoa are 
 ■Muredly the Arat tovercign that haa arar 
 been knighted. God grant that yoo flea 
 not in war j" and then apoatrophiahig *»'• 
 aword and waving it in the air, ha added t 
 "Thou art fortunate in being oallad on to 
 eonfbr the honour of knighthood on ao 
 bra»aandvirlttoueaaoTerolgn. Thouahalt 
 Im henceforward eatoemed at a preoioui 
 rdio, and ahalt never be uaed lave againit 
 •Aa Turks, Saraeana. and Moorat" and 
 dkaa, after twice atrlking tha king'a ahouldar 
 ha aheatbed hia aword.O*) 
 
 fmiAt immediately after the battle, 
 wrote tha bnlletio. wherein ho deaoribea a 
 moat gloricua victory^ in very rt"?!* ••">- 
 goage t " I waa with tha bowman, and the 
 rearguard waa commanded by my brother, 
 the Duke of Alen^on. In firont ware the 
 SiHaa forcea, drawn up three deapi the 
 Int 10.000, the aeeond 8,000, and the 
 third 10.000 Btrong, alleging that Aair 
 ol^ waa to ehaatiae and hombla a prince, 
 who waa too wall acbompaniad fbr thans, 
 •0 rtwt they fted Arom our artUkry, «hi«h 
 kowem could not do mueh eiaention. 
 tlM oavalry under tha Conatabto, Maiy 
 
 ahal da Ohabamta, Imbwemirt, Ttlllgny. 
 Ponl-da-Ilamy and othere, foufifat admi- 
 rably tlU nIghtMl. Tliei* waa at one tlm« 
 a little eonfbaion i bat Ood vouehiaftd 
 that I thould one to their aid with a body 
 of 300 men, and we luceeedcd in muting 
 the enemy at night. We had bten twenty 
 eight houra on bortebaok without ««ttng or 
 drinking. The S*l»t reeolved on tha 
 morrow to try once more the fortune of 
 wnr, and u they were marching out of 
 their otntonmenta I attacked them with 
 twelve pitoea of oannon and drove them 
 back I but Inaamueh aa they had taken up 
 i atrong poaidon, they left S,000 men and 
 Mil their aHlUery under my note, and aent 
 tha two bande into which they ware divided, 
 to diflkrent parte of the field i tha ona 
 againtt the Oonatehla, and tha other againtt 
 Alen9on. About thit time D'Alvlitno came 
 up with the Venetian cavalry, and cut tha 
 enemy to pleoea, while I charged tha lao- 
 efra; and thuawa fought with tha Swiaa 
 fbr tight hourt, during which tlaa many, 
 I can ateura you, waia laid low. WlUyo* 
 than. Madam, thank Ood for the victory 
 whicli Ha baa bean plaaead to vouohaafa to 
 our anna I alao laugh at De Uutme and 
 Da I#atoun for being abtent f Wa have 
 grrat fear that wa ahall not be able to 
 iMoni tha Comta de 84.nearra."(«) 
 
 Tha battle of Maiignano entailed other 
 eonaaqueneaa baaldaa tha capture of U^sm 
 and tha fatt of Maximilian Sfuraa. It 
 eom^ately annihlUtad that praatigo ci 
 aupffiriority hitherto oiaimad by tha Swiaa 
 infentryi and Ihay haiMatorward ware 
 unabla to Mll> Ihafar aaaiatanoa on aoeh ad- 
 vMitagaoue taraa. It alao taught nation* 
 to depend on their own atrangth, and not 
 on their aWaa. Tho aitlUary hwl aeted 
 wall, and that would ia ftitnra dadda ttia 
 fhtoofbattlaa.|;«) 
 
 S 
 
 [•) Ca^eflgue. 
 ) Symphorten Champier. 
 
 (•) MIB.Bethaae. 
 US De Thou. Hiatolre 
 Meaaotiaa. 
 
 J^: 
 
 Unlveraiaie.— Da 
 
 "T*" 
 
 1 
 
Ifflbcremirt, Ttlllfiiy. 
 o(h«t«i foufilit •dm)- 
 Tliti* WM al on« tlmi 
 btti Qod vouehtafad 
 ithatrttdwithabody 
 
 lueeaadad In mutiny 
 Wc had been twanty 
 baok without aatlciR or 
 lia reaolved on ih* 
 nof« tha fortuna of 
 >ara marching out of 
 
 attaokad iham with 
 non and drora tham 
 I ■■ thay had takan tip 
 ly laft S.OOO men and 
 iar ray aoao, and aant 
 blah thay w«ra dlvidad, 
 I tha flaldi tha ona 
 I, and tha other agiUnat 
 I time D*AlviMio oama 
 \ cavalry, and oak tha 
 lia I oharRad tha lao* 
 fouKht with tha Swlaa 
 isK whieh tlaoa mMf, 
 m laid low. WlUyott 
 li Ood for tha victory 
 pUaaad to voaehaafa to 
 |h »l Da LautMC ud 
 ig abacnt i Wa bava 
 
 ahall not ba able to 
 |« 8c.ncarro."(«) 
 itgoMio antailad otiiar 
 « tha capture of Mibtt 
 azimillan Sfunn. It 
 atad that praatiga of 
 
 I otatmad by tha Swiaa 
 ly hwMalbrward wara 
 r anialMioa on ao^ ad- 
 
 II niao tang ht natbm 
 own atrangth, and not 
 Iw aitiUary hwl aetod 
 d idi fbtara dadda tlia 
 
 Molra UnlTanMOla.— Da 
 
 .. 
 
 "T*" 
 
 I -I, 
 
 ft 
 
(If 
 
 -T- 
 
UVB or ••Mkf vtll. 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 POLICY or ■N0LAND.-lftlft-lll7. 
 
 OkkrMlwr <it WelMj.— Mulmllinn otfvn iha Duchy of Mllin ta HMry,— HU mmm* tk» wtt^ria^ 
 it—Tha Rinperor'a pim. — rr«nni», tM.iHl lafona«<l of it, M«<lt BonnlTtl to Loodoik— TrMly 
 iMtvMii Frmnelt aikI Ra|UBd.— HwlonOlun of Tottruay.— tty vhai mcana Fraoaia otrtalnad hto 
 raiUUtUoo. — Cuaduoi of Wulaaj. 
 
 KoMii Mold fkthom Wnlfcy. At Oifonl, 
 •I Lyml*Kion, whera ha waa raetor, at tha 
 manor uf lha Marquia of Doraai, in ¥o*'»- 
 ante<chanbar, aixiar tka abada of iha traoa 
 at Brid«w«iU, ba navar loat aijcht of tho 
 flWacUir ha wm oatlad on to npnt—k' 
 Who would hava noUead him aa raetor of 
 a ooontrjr u>mnl But wndor tha maak 
 wkieh he aaauaad to act tha part of tha 
 botatoroua aehoiar aad tha moroaa ragant, 
 tha aaaetlnMHtioaa itrioat and tha varaatUa 
 eottrtiar. tha Sanacik and 0«a»ocritaa, ba 
 attiaatad univMaal atNntlixi, ba axcitad 
 ani««raal auriiriaa: b« waa a n»v«lt;^ on 
 aarlh. and tka aal>jact of gtnaral eamraran- 
 tioB I n kaing wko unlind iakioMnif awarf 
 riuia of ohanMXar. and toamrdn whom 
 Hanry in partMrnkw ftk hinMalT imaialiblf 
 dmara, ao tkattka TomaAnn knui no diflh 
 onl^ In mnkinff hia way. Tka carding 
 waa M thia period, aa Ennaiia traljr ob. 
 aarvaa, tha raal naonaNh of laglaad. Tkn 
 netar'a yji aa n a mi anw hafan to ba dnf»> 
 tofwd. Wok had hinMaV baaa daeaivad. 
 Ba iina«tna<l thi4 ba knd di a w a w n d an 
 
 ■•irafk ona wbn «««M ba ahia to Mioaa na 
 iMllan|iDv«raB«uy. Wntafwiaf 
 to a|if>ly «ba idaaa nf aparitM) wiity,an < 
 Iff jMk Tboaan. Ma tomwiw uaOlm^ to 
 Am ^inuiMWt af m f i a u w . MoMurii)', 
 ittft pkaiBaM^i^ bad anftnad. b(i* 
 M hnd hNB a k ad t a n i «>£< tr^ oMwif 
 t r~«» tba Uaf . M band 4( tbn si«M| 
 to tbn pa«N and naaban of tha Honaa of 
 CoBiDoiUt nunpraainiatiwa of tbn paopla t 
 to An piH7 u nn rfiuW b m rap p aaat M a 
 fldniatora. Baglaad/to nab ubook tin 
 gwnt nartt— ntal nn^oiM, nttal obay onljr 
 •M. wiy. Iha toH toam to «wt of « 
 toIttMi|VAnit«rttltfbir. Ft*t]totoitrand|iB 
 thww Wt yto to o* ** •■< MTMitonta anmid 
 to b^'^PDi hto wn tbn toiiiilM dmbrad 
 
 Hanry wna too neuM^ and obaanrad that 
 Wolaa/ akaad to ba tbia one govarninu 
 power. Bnt where, it had been aaked, did 
 he acquire hia inmenae knowledge i for ba 
 oould quote Horace and Virgil to Bkelton, 
 St. Tkomaa and Sootua to Poi. Parugino 
 and Rapkaal to llolbeiB, PolyUna and 
 Vcgetiua to Howard, and Vitmvhia and 
 Banaovino to Trtrigiano. Not eontentad 
 with atndylng tkagrart ptdblemaof p aya h o 
 logy, be dippa^ into the Dl^paM worid % 
 hia lalanra i and after Vwitef' ■■■wtoldi 
 the poaitkm nawuned in lb* waa tiea «f bw 
 purely apiritnal anta^ wotdd ynnabadb to 
 think of bar ntntetial fani. Awliiton 
 tnan wm ««a af hia faveoflto atndiwi hi4 
 if «a are to nttoeb aaf fahb to Ain Map*> 
 pbara, MiHI(dalann Tower, mm nf tha alM 
 antkltoclanl baantiaa ol Osiifli, «w 
 pbuaed by biHi.(*) If ba aaninl thn 
 gaatloMs by hi* dalienMyiMfntod niiM» 
 dotaa, if ba MM «iMy to tobhi. U Jw d«Ml«w^ 
 with tha attopi» ingiMimitom. rf • MUt 
 •tiU tt nNnt bn MbaowMliedtfenl bn mmM' 
 dacypb w abtoMtor nt • ««• ifeMett ^ 
 ba «i| by Ml iMMW iipanHil nt lb* d|toil> 
 af g ii wfh 
 wkbnUtoiMai 
 and waa no kia aMtobad to Ua u ia i ii H 
 ibtot to Ua antoar. His aaaMdaftpdiw 
 
 the afaidaf Haygrtea baaa aMribatoA*r 
 
 bia III ill to Ua^biiiv am tiit^4time 
 
 bltobait.C9 
 Tba bf^iah aaaaffeb Hnd Ua ^ iduMv^ 
 
 (•) DaUawny e k aa t eaa that it <b . . 
 
 and a w tuud ikat to ttJ ajwar (l4MV^ttd^«i 
 
 Wolaey,— Howaid. 
 
 Wojaey waa hanaar of l^wplelan ^i^kUn tta 
 town liaa batog talit, wbkiinM^ Miw jMB 
 riaa t^ toe repnt toat be doaiipurf it. -*^.- 
 
 (k) So Ika&Hting wpa hki ee»A«w(lan, i«| 
 an abeotote waa Ma power ojar toi aA'tfaM 
 flf Hooy. that U wn; etwa i iyii ti* ba Jad 
 bawtodhid tba kaig wi1h'MMaMHHJf>'4M9pn> 
 
 t 
 
 .^Jis-H'**' 
 
 .iTT^- 
 
r 
 
 .uv« or nuM nri' 
 
 I 
 
 funnh tr<M>p« aruuiU Im ■ucm««(iil in thttir 
 muvh moroM Um A1|>«. nor that Uia Mwita, 
 vlwMt mrsntry wt* eon*ld«rMi invinolbla, 
 ««ttkl have bt«n d^MMd. It mw Immhw 
 ■ncMMry to itrrMt iIm onwix 1 cxnw o( 
 tk» PlMeh MutaUtoa oA» t«ary tli« 
 Dvehy ot iiUan, iMoridioR b« wuuid Aid 
 Um klUMl foTM* in rMooiaii Lonlwnljr. 
 llMtniMrarMtiruatad thia dalt«unU«km 
 to RielMnI Pmc om of thu itan of thai 
 Mtorary pWiadM MCAUbnltd by BrunraaA*) 
 fliM «w BMii parpUiad by ilik ofcr, for 
 Im «m amra that ib« ■ym|Uitby uf tba 
 MUaMM m»M aoluMd in favour of tba 
 libiia. aa4 ibat tba povany of Lombard/ 
 ■ 1^ MMh (bal it would navar rapay tha 
 itfrnmrn inwrrad by ita naw maatar for Ita 
 ftmnmmt. Ha did aot fully aiplaln 
 htraaalf to Uenry, b«t waa kaa raaarrad witb 
 Watwy. Thia may Im aeenuatad for by 
 Kit btvini litHa or no ooafldaMa in tha 
 «iparav.(b) Nar waa tbia Um trat tima 
 Mwt Hairy had baan daeaWvd by tbia 
 llgolial. In May. 15t«, MasimiUan affain 
 •Htyad to ta«|it bia aUy. Ha now oOarad 
 Mm Uw ampim m wall aa tba ducal crown, 
 fwrtdad ha would eroaa tha aaa witb bla 
 mimf, tmi prooaad to Trma by way of 
 Tlninftf . «bara ha waa to maat tba am- 
 pKVtt t«b* waukl r*alfu Iba ampitw ki bia 
 lunar, wMh tha piopat hfal farmalUiaa. 
 Tha AaffU-impariiOiaM wan tbaa to luvada 
 Ammb. wklla Maitmllhui aad Hawy wan 
 to MMa tha A^ talM poanadM of MHan, 
 told a t nU w m thab voya«a to Rama, wkan 
 Hawy moM neaiva tba impintel mm* 
 Atto tba IwaniffB PtoMiC<^ ' ' <»-' !•■'' 
 '. Batoy. t awa nr .tar— d ataftetoHM 
 toiMwiM of Maiimlliui, wbb appaan to 
 Mto<baa« a princa tt ^Maadiagly ramaallA 
 Unaa, riMO ha bad lonit anuttalnad dw 
 yndaali «f Mutinff hloaaW iu iW Cbalf of 
 •t, Pator. Pkca waa oogaiiwe: of tba 
 Ifi^f.wlik:!) ba had writteo to Fuil da 
 ^' ' lat^. »nwMU»dn| to Mm hit iur 
 ftl baeomint • OMMMato ft» tba 
 
 " ^a) Ot^dMI MonwUMMrf. Bna.. ?!.. 
 ft^^Tha aanM»<iMl«««« bat«ean Paca a«4 
 I ia tfoAn^ai, i|||p Chapter 
 
 \y»fMj. mmd that tha OwMnal dl Coroato 
 4d ahail eaara of ]»y at tha bara ld«i of 
 •Mini a tlarman amparor of tba Houaa uf 
 Hapaburg on tha throaa of Jultua \U*) 
 Tha KnfflitH aovaraign. howavaa, waa mora 
 auargalir la hiaiafViaal lo acaapt tba Duchy 
 of Milan, wkara tba Popa would havn 
 allowad ht no nal, lha« l» »^tio« 
 tha iaspesri^ fSfwa. MwlmUlafc bow- 
 avar, aflar a abort poriod, raoommancad 
 bla latrlfuaa, aad TuaataU, in * l«ttar 
 datad Maahlin. lath Pabruary. 1117. wrola 
 to bia maatar u folfiowa i— "tlia amparor 
 daaim to walgn tha ampir* to your 
 fracai ha U cm^h of obtalnlac tha 
 aonaaat of tha alaotara, •«! b ^«>^ 
 pallad to ttha tbia atap throuf b bU «na* 
 ton fo» f «>u," add4nc. howanr, " I •• 
 
 (4) Thia idaa of Maahnlllan hui oAaa baau 
 manllooad, but no proof haa baan •• yat a4< 
 duoad. Wa now pr«aaat oar raadar with ooa 
 of tha amparoc'a laiiaia s— 
 
 " Wa da aat daubt hat that you HlU HK. 
 maoibar tha «0B*araatiaa whkvh wa nmMrly 
 had wiih you aa la Iha ranaaa (br whieh wt 
 tow dotanntaad to hacaaM a aaadiMa iar 
 tha BMaau paMtAoata. If U ahouM ba paaithto. 
 t-'ioai (hat tlam all our ihooghta hava baa* 
 luraad to thai ol^aoti Ibr wa ban hOM 
 Uttdit at homa. and aaeh la aetually tha oai% 
 that Bothinf aoald happaa t« «■ mora hauouf 
 ahte or BMM gtofloua. or mora advanlagaatok 
 than that wa ahouM icoovar for ow Mi|ln 
 tU aaid paMU9, fropariy balomrtaf la to. 
 8iae« OMBFapa JaUra II. haa lataly baa* 
 aaiaad with a mortal diaaaaa. (aa yan ha** 
 baan Infbrmad hrm our aawrl, and w^you may 
 hava hiiard from Oyprlan aaranUa, Ohaaaallwr 
 of tha Tyrol.) u> tkal aU at llama thoufht 
 Um to badmd. wa hava now datoimfaMd to 
 puraaa Mir jiaii. aa te aa fomMa. Md to ato 
 and ptaaaadrfaMach a aaaMV that it auf ha 
 avidMt that wa ban aat ahaudanad our 
 daalgn. Thanlbn wa laU tha aaM i i m i m 
 hafbra OmtUmA Adrte, wba. aa ya«, haaw» 
 waa tbr aaea tima lagata at aut amt IB Ow-. 
 maay i and ha not oSy apprend •< tham. h<rt 
 a>h«^ «Hl advltod «■ to amnd. thtoMto 
 that wa riumld ban aa umbia with ^^ «Mfi« 
 aala» aadfrnjoy hadMdtaam.aa||ladb«iMM 
 raoalTa our piopaaUi8a.~BnMia, lapt. 1% 
 IBII 
 "Ta Baton Paul «aa Ua h to m titB." 
 MamtoUlfaa had mriMni In tha aama aifli to 
 
 garat. Than Mian haiu baan puMIAad li 
 9M"BaaBUdnLaMMdB RaJr^* fnaln 
 
 sirateg.'sasrasa.^^ 
 
 "l-r: 
 
Jiiy At ill* b«r« Idwa uf 
 tntptror of Um Hohm uf 
 
 throM of Jttllua II.(') 
 ■ign. how«»«», WM Bwr* 
 umU to Mwpt ttw Duchy 
 
 tiM Po|M wvuld K«V«I 
 
 raH. Mmm is f4M«ti)C 
 «. M>al«UUa. kow- 
 rt p«trio«l, noommmcad 
 1 TuMlaU. te • IMMT 
 ih Paknurir. 1117. wroM 
 blfiowi I— "Th« waptrar 
 tha •apiro Ui yovr 
 rteiu of obuinlDf ih* 
 
 •tap Ihrougli bU «rM« 
 lilioc, howawr, " I •• 
 
 uvB Av simff ▼tn. 
 
 MuImUIm Im« oAm 
 
 proof IkM Imm m yot ft4< 
 nmnX o«ur rM4«r wilk OM 
 mir»!— 
 
 wbl but (bat yon HlU n-. 
 naUan wbUib wa AmMfty 
 ) Iba oaiiaaa (bt wbieh «• 
 A baoMM a eaadiMa i« 
 Ma, if U abouM ba paarfU*.' 
 I aw iboof bta bi»va bM|. 
 
 roll Ibf wa b»»a b«M 
 Mcb ia actually tba «M% 
 bapp — »• ua «ofa boaoMf 
 at. or Mora ftdvaniagoaMK 
 iM rcoovai lb* ow «ai|4n 
 propariy bolunfiuf i« «•• 
 luUrs II. baa IMalp baa* 
 rial 4laMMa. (a« ya« b**« 
 I our aavrt, aa4 aa you nap 
 yprlM Baraaan, Oba«««ll«( 
 diial aU M B«M tbootbt 
 a bava m« da«aialM4 M 
 a fl» aa j ewl bl r . aad to yt 
 ihaMBMitbal.Uwif ba 
 bava 
 
 i4fte, «b»> aapM 
 
 ana at aut «miI ta Oat-. 
 pappreTa4aftbMi.b«l 
 MwiioMaaaa4.lbi»Mitf 
 ra M tttmbla vitb lb«i au«« 
 iaAa<lfaii.aapla#p<mM 
 MUiaa.~BiaMia, lap!. !% 
 
 ilMaLWbbHHlato." 
 «RilMibi|b«aa«aaiplit» 
 i)fTiMt.toltttf.Mi4Mtb«i 
 Mat, Iba AMbduebMl Uuih 
 
 LaMnaAi Hap.^ ••• alw 
 ikaM ibm bpiloi. " 
 
 I fijiiltoli ' ^" 
 ItalMiir 
 
 ••r4«la ibal Um ofbr k »»( by any brmm a 
 Jwta t artatad ana, aad tba* bit ol^t ta to 
 *««raat aMNwy frnai yew blfhMaaa."(*) 
 Fraaaia «m «|uii« a« nmtrtml wlib MMiml- 
 llaa'a trkh* i and in «in)ar la diaaonoart bia 
 plot, planoad. In aonaarl wttb Daaaiafb aad 
 S«o(laii<i. aa inraaioa of lanland un<l#r 
 Iba autpioaa of tba ptataa d a r , Riebard da 
 Is PsSa. Ors of Wolaay's sjjifs Is Ffan*« 
 rwaalad tba plat to Sir Biohard JrraaKaa, 
 wbo eonatttakaatad tba dateUa to bia 
 ampl«par.(*) 
 
 Rlobard da la Pola, Duka of Sdfclh. waa 
 th* aoa of BUaabatb. aiaiar of Bdward IV., 
 •ad araa tba r aptaaa at atttra o( (ha Houaa uf 
 York, kaowB by Uia appallallon al iha 
 Wkitt RsM. Younff, einiiagaom, and 
 bfava, ha waa idoUaad by tb« army, and 
 waa aa Inatrumant of ffraal mtltty in th« 
 HaiHia of tba Franah. who bald him <a 
 tm tnm o««r lb* haada ol Dm Houaa of 
 IHuiav, wliaa tbay wara abonl imJaetiaK 
 haatUMIaa M|ialn»t Pranoa. Whanarar Bag* 
 Iwd becaoM ree««ciisd to Fruner, Richard 
 waa aMigad to aaafc ahaltor ia aooM othar 
 I aad ofbr bio la r rtoaa to ar na athav 
 of tba Bad Roaa. Ia Itli ba waa 
 tglMiat with tha Fraaeb agalaat Bagiaad, 
 •al aa OHieh for tba ob)ael of aaaaiiiaf bia 
 figbt to tha erowa, to wbiek ba waa ia 
 raallip tba kgitlmato bair,(*) aa to wraak 
 bia voagaaaea oa aa ioaplacabla MMaiy. 
 Haary da a n a d ad , but without avail, that 
 
 (a) St Alwyd aM that eoa «ff tha aaaiat 
 waa, that lb' Bmpaaov aaiaadatb to 
 tba aaipira ^ato ya«r Graoa, aad 'a 
 I yaor alaonoa hj bya proeniaaMai: aad 
 aallieltt^ <ff tba alaaMi tharoaata, wbieb lb' 
 
 aataadyd to 4o far tba 
 yaw baaar aad Iba ifvaafbiah ba barilb yoa i 
 aad I tm aibrd loal tba mM oCnr waa ooaly 
 awfAa to cat tbaiab* Mil toaaanraf roar Oraeo. 
 —aril. Maa^. MMk OoU., Oafta ■.▼.— BUb^ 
 
 (b) thai Riebi^ 4i ki Po^ abaaM lafca 
 il^MtBff to Daaa^Mrk. aad Iba Doha of Ukka, 
 tba Bii^t«f Dtwaark'a aaala, wWl a eoitata 
 ■aaibaf of Imm kaUita, to laad to aaaw part 
 a< iMJiail, apd >ba JMm tt AlbMw.tbaU tak» 
 rirfpafiii h f iataaaa. to fa toto Jootlaad.— 
 W mimiin SSt^ da^toh of Mai Map. 
 
 (•) FMi. itowAatFinuMlawaadlipaaadto 
 tba oiahiN of Btiliaid do la Poto to 
 
 tka'wawa <f fwAal Oa Ua latata Aaai 
 Italy, ha «M ta «lto Pialaadar i-^<* Baeaaaa 
 
 I byyj igt tlil to ba iw<t» tjto c^BWtoof 
 
 tba traitor, aa ba aallad htm, iboaM ba 
 dallwrad ap to bia. Fiaara waa lor wall 
 •aquaiatad wiib hia v^lua. aad apprantolad 
 him too aoah to dabvar hia np to tba an 
 of lb* axaculieaar. 
 
 Fardlaaad of Arragon iit*d in Jaauary, 
 IAI7.(*) Ha waa on* uf Ik* nwMl raaartk> 
 aMa tovOTaigaa that had trar Iliad tha 
 Spanish ibnMWj #4 well m wsh oi '.h* hmmI 
 aucoaaaftil aMaaich* of bi« aga. (iuieoiar- 
 diai would bata Rir*n hia tha iitla of tba 
 Oraal, had ba not ao oftaa violatod bia 
 pladgw. and iavariably artad on Iha aiiora 
 of adraaoiag hia own intorait at tha as> 
 panaa of bia allioa. Kinn of Amgoa aa 
 a daacandant of Ramiraa II.. aaturat aoa of 
 Sancho t Kiag of Caatilla, thivugh laabaUa. 
 daoghtor of Hanry at Traatoaami Kiag 
 of 81oily, aa rapraaaaliag Maafrad, b aatard 
 aoa of tba Kiuparur Fmionck II.. ba 
 aada uaa of bia oo a l i» Ma r to oaaquer 
 BooaailloB and Cardagaot af artilea to 
 oblala poaaaaaton of Naplaai of parjuiy la 
 tah« Oraaada ftmiB the taraeana j of tha 
 righto of hia wtfa. baiiaai of QwlUi^ to 
 unito aadar hia acaptia aaarly tha whaia 
 af Spaia i aad af Oirlatopbar Coluatbaa, !• 
 eonquar a naw world. Ha waa iha oalp 
 prlnca of hia day oa wboaa aiataa tha awl 
 aavaraot.(*) Ha had mora virtnaa than 
 ricaa, au4 woo ralbw tha adaairaiioB IhM 
 Ihaiovaofhiaaiil^acto. Fardiaaad'a doalh 
 araatod aoaa litttoaxaitoaaal to tha Bagllah 
 eabinai, aa WekMy d aa a ad il a fltfowaMa 
 opportuaily to diacurh tha paaea d iutfi 
 aad proioiaad to aid Maiindiaa with Mh>, 
 •idUa, il ba wooJd rrcroM Iha Alpa> llUa 
 
 ■oob paaoa wMb tha aaaaNt thai I ator ba 
 abU to aaiM jva with batfi aaa aad aMMgr 
 lowarda o^aJJaiag yoar tif^i*'— Piddaa* INU 
 ay.— Tbara ia, bowarar, no do«aiii«l to axla< 
 tta oa to ^«*a tbia iA'aaraiad aaiwlua af 
 Woiaa^ btogiapbar*' 
 
 I*) Omui, Uialaln da Pnaqoia I. 
 
 (•) Mariaaa baa drawn a aora baaaiilM 
 thaa flOthfta Mirtralt •« llli prteM attalWI 
 all tba otbar ftpaaiab kiafi to Mai fcr JairtlMv 
 Had«aoa,aadfHUaa. Haaiaa aathn b ijtob, 
 that aa oaa II Htm ftaa IbaHai baMn asvy 
 mid amHab atylbilto to iraal mm Iblltogi 
 ftoa wbidi they aM tokBr llaa. la laprd to 
 torf arat k a ia tba aaa ofpowar. tovoAf n> 
 iUMa.aBd AaiatMaagaer UUmtpfaaadlha 
 aAiTVa ato bdbli tha Ktoto of Bpata UM 
 ■aM of a tok ariM, bttatpkirt. aaTirul:^ 
 OhiMaa btog. Ha wiaWSiMl to SpaU 
 paaoa, aacarity, proaparity, asdj^HMy." > 
 
 """^'^ 
 
 m 
 
I'lr 
 
 Ufi 09 ■■viiT ntt 
 
 •uMly tot»«a •!» •rwy •» ••'«» '**"•■ 
 Mi4 «p*i«th MV«lrf. tnil "l.OOO Infancy i 
 •«<) fiw • »!<«• ih« SfofM »»«ll«»«d »hrt lh« 
 f».Mi*blnhm»fH «l' Mtton ••• •» H«nd. 
 VIm ttW •«p««"' 'nn»"* *»!• i»f«li»«ry In- 
 gMtfky, Md nar«tM<l at th« w »l t«a 
 llailiMa |Mr dt«m. H« hail erwaaati tha 
 Attliia. and had Mliev».t BrMtrta. whUh 
 #M on Iha P«'"' "' c«|iltuUtl<i«i. wh«i 
 Laalrac oro«a«»l th# Minrl.i K» Mn th" 
 CVmatebta of Il«uf bon. (•) Had iha a.nparo( 
 fWlo«wt Schlnnar'i a.WlM. ha would at 
 «itc« h*«« m4fch«d «(ain«t Milan, tnalaad 
 tt toainR Utne »i A»o!a. whaw ha mal wUh 
 te «naipao««d oppotUion (*) Thia d»lay 
 ^m vary fropUioua la Iha Pranoh, who 
 MWMdad in thfo«fin« ln«o Milan a pofUo« 
 of tha fwHaon nt C!r«mona. Having ar- 
 tflvwl b«(ora Milan. ManmiUan •uinmonad 
 ft «u •owndar, ihwalaning. H •» *«"«'• "<»» 
 «^n Ma !*»•• wl»bta tbran d«y«, «o iraa* H 
 «M«a tbu It hwi f»rwi«rly bMn traatad by 
 fnHiariok 1. But Milan h«ving lauly 
 llDjIygij n ralnftroemant nf IO,0<K) Swlaa, 
 tadar tba command at Albweht gulnar, 
 t»d hi »ha pny ol Pranoa, cnrtd not for th« 
 «»^ror'a »hian«a.(«) At Iht ««ry com- 
 «M««Mi«nt «t Iha awRn. Sttpftr da<tiand«d 
 gM arranra diM to hl« troopa. who had not 
 IMW pnM ahi«a tha battle ol Impruck. 
 tiM ImparUd iwMur* wm aihanatad. and 
 *• MB-^aror, fanrftal from tba koaolant 1mi. 
 MM* OMd by Btapfar, that ha wouM ba 
 2llll ^ g hoalafa by tha SwIm. laft tha 
 «Hi»«Mi MttlMiMiMB tnd ifi (wnfvft 
 tndbatVroL :« "•••"'■i>« ?'•*'*" "" ^» •-'' 
 
 TWa retiaat wti rafardaa Vy Hanfy** 
 agMte M a ifwl Md in«tfi«W>i« rMilt.(<>) 
 tl«r1v pvoring thai truat euuld no lonffar 
 baNpoMd^Uur vt M^r* orpmonnl 
 ^rnmtt of MMimMiiA. J^* «•• f^^*^ 
 oldt mmJ »*»* «»">*"* *^ airpottad from •• 
 Okl nM who BMMMTlly bed •• hto oom- 
 pMiou hU wiB^iBR-ahMt iad eoOnK*) 
 
 MpKioulafvM?. VaMiU. Hifc 
 
 ■Si 
 
 Hia a*p#dltio« intn IHtTy. Uioa«U faAal t* 
 
 hi* own Intaraat. waa of gn»at aarrWia to 
 
 RngUnd, inaamoeh a* U pt«»tnla«l rranflia 
 
 from iranilnr •>♦•» l>«nnMi»h and MootUn I. 
 
 Laft to ha? own raeoureaa, Hcotland -aa 
 
 awara that aha waa too waah to anitr iha 
 
 It«t4 With •.» powtrful a rWal a« Rnffland. 
 
 and dalarad ui a lulura parUxl bar bopaa of 
 
 •wnitnc har daiani at Fiod.lan (» ) Vancia 
 
 waa not by any maaoa tdta Ha loat no 
 
 o,.iH.rtonl«y to praaarva hia oonquaata. by 
 
 puroha.ln«. at a larga ptlra. iha nautrality 
 
 of tba Rwtaa. and of •nun tii CharUa. who 
 
 ImuI •uwaadad Ptrd»nand of Arran.in. tha 
 
 hand of iha Frincaaa Loutaa, than an lafWnl 
 
 in tha erndia, who would hava aa har dowry 
 
 tha rigbta of iha Huum of An)4,u to tha 
 
 orown of Naplaa^) Maiiiiulian waa agai« 
 
 bribad to glva In hlo adhaaion to tha traaly 
 
 eonaludad batwtan f mora an'l Spain t wbdo 
 
 Rofiland raoMtnad parf».-tlf naolral, only 
 
 purrbaalng at a larga priea tha alllanon of 
 
 Ma^lmtliaa and Cbarlaa (■>) 
 
 Polltica M thia pariod wwn truly • gara* 
 of haaard. ami gol.l » ftr«»tf^> lnat»tt«»a«» 
 of oomiption. Kinira put thamiaWaa up 
 to auction, and wara occaaionally purchnaad 
 iwlea on tha awna day. But thaaa dia- 
 gTMcfui aoanaa w«a daatinad to raoalva 
 a tanpof«ry ohack. Sellm. aftar having 
 eonqnarcd Egypt and Syria, advwioad 
 •gainat Kuropa, in which ha ihraaUoad to 
 aradlonlo tba ovoat and tlia nnia* of Chria- 
 tianity. Happily the Papacy atill watched 
 •vw tba intaraau of Uhriatandont and 
 elvUlMtton. Uo. nocordtogly. by hia au. 
 tborlly u Vtaur ol Cbrtat, ordered the 
 dlivent powere to forget their private 
 t|uarrela, awl to unita their foroea againat 
 the bnrberiane. He wna llatened to, and 
 •U tb* great Ruiopean monarebiaa engeged 
 tB a conaott efua^de againet the Tuihe. 
 Tbaa waa the cioea eaved.(») Doling the 
 brief repoee enjoined by the Papacy, 
 Pnoieia recommenced tha negotiationa 
 wbieb ha had broached at hia acceeeion, 
 reapeotiag the reatoratlon of Touraay. 
 He«ry. la Mchange for Toumay, demaodnd 
 the oee^o of aoiae placee in the viekdty 
 
 UiB 1^ 
 
 I i/^- 
 
 ) Uagard. PlnkaiUw. 
 
• Italy. Uiaa«U fMiU t* 
 WM of frMt MrrkM to 
 t M U pr«*tal<Hi frtiMii* 
 l>«nnMrli ■n<l Ho'ilUnl. 
 rwourcM, HcollawU «m 
 I loo wwli to Mitr llM 
 rful • rival m KoRlftiid. 
 ilurs p«rt(Hi h«r bopM of 
 I M Kioii'Uii (' ) l*ii"«;Ui 
 naana UlU »•• '«>•« •»« 
 Marva hia winquaata, by 
 rga |>rtra, tha nauUralily 
 of oriud »ii CharUa. who 
 rdtnand ot Arra^m, »ha 
 laa Louiaa, than an iafknt 
 would hava aa har dowry 
 lluuM of An)<ia U» tha 
 r) Maiiiiidian waa agaia 
 Ilka adhaaiun to tha traoly 
 ft f ronra an>l Spain t whtio 
 d parfa,:tlr nautral. only 
 lariia prica tha aUiaoM of 
 ^harlaa.(>>) 
 
 pafiod anwo truly • «•«• 
 1)1(1 a fhiitAtl inatmaMol 
 iinic put thamiaWaa op 
 tra oecaaionally i»urc h i i i id 
 ma day. Hut thaao db- 
 ir«N d«itliia<l to rooaivi 
 wk. Salim, aftar baviair 
 4 and Syria, advanoad 
 in which ha ihritatcnad to 
 w and tlia naiaa of Cbrta- 
 r tho Papocy atill watcbtd 
 ito of Uhriatandom and 
 », aocordtaffly, bv hia au- 
 r ot Cbrtat, ordered tha 
 I to forRot tbair prirate 
 uoita tbair foreaa agoiort 
 H« wma Ualcood to, and 
 opooa monarabiaa m|i«lH' 
 inuMda aMaiaat thaTmha. 
 loaa aared-C) Doiin«tb« 
 njoiaad by tha H(>*cf, 
 ntooad tha nagotiationa 
 broaebod at hia accaaaion, 
 NttoratloB of Touraajr. 
 OK* for Tournay, danaQdml 
 lOflM placaa in tbt viokdty 
 
 PlnlMltoa. 
 
 If 
 
 / 
 
IMAGE EVALUATION 
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 I 
 
%\lf4 or RIHBT VIII. 
 
 ei 
 
 of Ctlais, to which Fnnoii would by no 
 iDMnt oonicnt. To lurrendar Tournay WH 
 to depiive Woliay of the sdminiitntioa of 
 a dioout, the revenuee of which were oon- 
 ■Iderabla. The miniater, whoaa object waa 
 to aqjoy hia wealth in peace, had mun 
 than once requeated Francia to confer aome 
 other prafermeot oa Louie Quillart, •x- 
 biahup of Touroay, in iiau of that aea of 
 which he had been deprived. The king 
 amuaed WoUay by promicea which bo 
 never intended fulfilling { being convinced 
 that if he could deprive the ohaneellor of 
 the adminiatration of the dioeeee, Tournay 
 would eoon recover her independenoe. 
 Quillart alao aolioited hie reatoratiun from 
 Rome, and waa actively auppuitad by 
 Franeia.(*) Leo at ftrat paid no attentioa 
 to the prayara of the depoaed preh»ie i but 
 aa aoon aa Francia bad travoraed the Alpa, 
 ha granted, without (he alighteat heaiutioa, 
 a bnil, which re<«eubliahed the biahop in 
 bia diuceaa of Tournay, and even permitted 
 liim to make uaa of the aecular arm to get 
 poaaeaaion of bia temporalitiea. Henry, 
 annoyed at aeeing a prelate, who had refuaed. 
 to awear allegianoa to him, replaced in 
 tba dioceaa of Tournay, ordered hia ambaa- 
 aador to oompl*>n o( thia act to the So- 
 vereign Pontiff. Leoheaitated, and aeamed 
 inclined to revoke the bull, when be waa 
 informed that Franoa, after having de- 
 feated the Swiae at Marignano, ha4 lakeq 
 poaaeaaion of lUan. Thia. waa not the 
 moment to irritate a oonquefor. However, 
 to manage an |lly like Henry, bia UoUneaa 
 reaolved to aubmit the aAdr to two car* 
 dinala, who were •f^netlye'dend, to delay 
 their deeiaion.C) ,..,■ 
 
 At one time, Tonraaf, which waa not even 
 worth the monqr upmi in keeping up ber 
 garriaon, thteataaed the repoae of the 
 worid.(*) Fkancia, to pacify Wolaey, in- 
 airucted hi. ambaaaador extraordinary to 
 treat at London reapeoting the ceaaion of 
 thia fortreaa. Boniiivet, reoenily created 
 admiral, waa provided with every thing that 
 could poaaibly aaaure the eocceaa td bia 
 mia^n. Twenty>five mulee loaded with 
 coffera of gold, and richly harneaaed with 
 
 •) Strype,' 
 ~ apui< 
 
 li 
 
 UapiD de ,Thoyraa. 
 
 erimaon vrlval,(d) to daaale Henry and hia 
 court, and gold and lettera of credit for 
 Wolaey. The admiral auoceedrd lieyunJ 
 hia moat eanguine eipcctationa, for after a 
 aaoret interview with WoUey, he met with 
 no oppoaiiion in hia miaaion. The reaultof 
 the negotiation waa a family allianca.(*) 
 Charlea of 8pa3a had obtained the hand of 
 Louiia of France, daughter of Francia. 
 Mary, Hcnry'e only ohiM, waa deatinad for 
 the young dauphin, wiio waa only Juat boroi 
 wbila hia a£Sancad bride waa cnly four. 
 Henry pledged bimaelf to give SS3.000 
 erowna ta a dowry to Mary, which Bonnival 
 acknowledgee having received befoi*. 
 hand (4 Tournay waa aurrendered for • 
 aum of money, 800,000 crawne being paid 
 for the citadel which had been built by the 
 Engliah, and the aame anm for the ri^ 
 and her dependenciea, • payable in tea 
 Teara.(r) Wobey'a intereata were by so 
 meana overlooked. The ChanceUm' re- 
 ceived from the King of Aanca, aa a reward 
 for hia good aervioea, an anniUd penaion of 
 19.000 livree,(>i) and a few of the membere 
 of the Privy Council alao received magni* 
 floent preoente firom the aame aonrceX') 
 
 The King of France waa eo oveijoyed al 
 the reatitution of Tonmay that he knew 
 not how to ahow hia gratitude to Wolaey. 
 What could he give the cardinal} *I 
 know not," aagf* Taylor, one of the eom- 
 miaeionera appointed to aurrender the 
 city, "but I think that a aerviee of i^ate, 
 or aoue preeiona jewele, would be pleating 
 to hia graee."(i) The miniater had both. 
 We muat not ^dge by the aatirical pro- 
 ductiona of aome poeta, who accuaed him 
 of baivinc, liy tlM ceaaion of Tournay,. 
 aacrifioed the intareet of bia country to 
 hia ambilioa. The annui^ allowed him 
 by Frianeie waa fkr h*m being an equi- 
 valent to the revenue of thAt dioeei*., 
 
 . .).„ i .lii; ,'. 
 
 (d) BrantAme, Viea dea kommee Olnatraa. ' 
 
 (•) Ryner, XIIU aM. I'racuioe m<.trW 
 
 moan inter Uelphiuum et Doaaiaam Marina. 
 
 (i) Hymer. 
 
 (I) Ryniw. Traetataa pra d e l i b ewi ti aMe 
 Tomaoi. XIU., 64S. 
 (i>) Tbomeaa. 
 m Uerbeit. 
 
 <J) 1 awwefed, that I jfuld not tell, hot I 
 ■aeDJMed fc^waaimoati ounvanieat tc aead you 
 MadlyTpiate:er odMt tUk Jowatk-^TaylMi^ 
 uiaix.n«;1WneK I ..... «.■i^^i*.. ^«.;j 
 
TO 
 
 LirU or HINIIT ▼III. 
 
 DoubUaM, tb« eirramaUnM of hi* btinfr 
 m annaiuuit of Fnnea i» a ■taib on hit 
 OMiiMirjr, but yet he oould not b« Mid to 
 hvn htiiujti bia countiyt interMta, for 
 Tounuy wm not worth tba money England 
 bad apent on her, aa being i&ora than fifty 
 Icaffuaa from Colaia, aba woold bare fWUen 
 M ea«y laorifice to Franca in caaa of war. 
 On parukinft Wolaey'a corraapondanoe with 
 Sampaon, who diiaeted tba apiritnal In- 
 toreata of the city, we can eaaily pareeiva 
 that the oitiaana were deairoua to throw off 
 the yoke of their enemy, and what a diaffraoa 
 tu the anna of England if a rerolt ahould 
 axpel them finim Tournay.(') 
 
 Maximilian'a death, which, on acconnt 
 of bia increaaing inflrmitiea, oonld not be 
 diaunt. would auraly oceaaion a war. He 
 bad. in bia febnle dreMaa, raqueaud bia 
 daughter Ifargarvt to honour him aa a 
 aaint when be vhould have deaeended into 
 tba grave ) for be had made a vow nwer 
 ■gain to eea a woman, and to hve aa a 
 harmit.(k) \ nubia prince, tba pride ol 
 Qarmany, wfaoaa good qualitiea were not to 
 bo Rtvaalad till after bia deceaae. Wa 
 mnat not tharafora Jodga too aaveraiy of 
 the autaannn, who by prodeot preoantiona 
 guarded againat fkitura eventualidaa, and 
 viahad, by the aid of allianoea and eon- 
 ceaaiona. to praaerra for Bngbmd the poet 
 •f arbitrstfia of the doatiaiaa of Boropa. 
 
 (•) And the neigbbooring citiea naturally 
 incUtied to fliTour the oltrgy of their own 
 <!ouniry, refoeed to aubaiit to the rplrituti 
 Juriadtctioa of D. Sampeon, Wolaey'a wmoner, 
 whom he had left there aa hia vicegerent.— 
 Thomaoa. 
 
 if). Tree chere et (raa amie flile, Je enlendy 
 f Mvte que vona m'aves d«mn4 par OnilUin 
 Ptngun, nutre garde h>be ny<aa doat noua avona 
 encore senee deeMa% at ne treuvcM yoiat 
 pouf (inUe laaun bco, ^wb none now devooa 
 fraaohemant ourier maia avona plw avaat aua 
 notre deliberatloo et vdlnnU dejattUa ploa 
 banter fltem. .etenvoyooademaia fl.de Ouee 
 «v4qne* Robw, devaat to pape, poor tnnim 
 hmum qaa nana poyeaun aeeordar avw ly da 
 aona praure pour ungeoadiutM', aftn on'apria 
 aa moit poniona eatn aamrl da avoec to papat 
 atdeveidrplAtM..i9rteaalreiaint, etylvcua 
 aera de neeaeaitf que apria BM mart vona aerei 
 contrainct da me aduier, doat Je ma tnmvtrai 
 bien dorilloea, et adieu, fhet datomaiade 
 voira bCB pare MaximiUanw. flKar jma.— 
 Oaseflgne. Thla tottar ia dated ISth Sept.. 
 1U3, but Maximiliaa balbca Ua death wan 
 alao haunted by thaai^ draama and pi i^a^. 
 
 And perbapa the extravaganoe which h« 
 aflbcted at London wae only for tha 
 purpote of deceiving rival nationa. What 
 would they ihinh of the reaouroea of a 
 oountry when a aubjeot lived ami'! the 
 aplandoura of royalty, and enjoyed a rental 
 aufBoiently large to keep afloat tne Venetian 
 fleet r Hia extravafranoe and inaolent con- 
 duot, whatever might be the motivea by 
 which he waa actuated, called aloud for 
 chaatiaement. Skelton, the poetic eaeca« 
 tioner of the anger of the ariatocracy, 
 replied to one who inquired. " Wkjfdowt 
 mot «M fom a( eowrt /"'(•) " Why, beeauae 
 there ia near the king one higher than lh« 
 king, ao elevated in tha imaginary hlerareby 
 of hia pride that none dare look him in the 
 fhce. Do you know how be eonduete 
 himeelf in the Privy Council and in the 
 SurChambar? He atrikea the Uble with 
 hia wand of office, and aU are aUenti none 
 dare open their lipa. Wolaey atone 
 ■peakai nona dare contradict himi and 
 when be baa finiahed. he roUa up hto 
 papera, aaying. ' What aay you, my l«irde» 
 An not my reaaona excellent, very excel- 
 lent?' and then kavee. whiatling tba air of 
 JtoMi Hood. Such U the man by whom 
 we are governed, who ia iUled with pride, 
 and who. tha better to keep bit vow of 
 ebaatity, drinka tba flneat winaa and aaU 
 fowla and game of all tort* highly 
 flavoared.''(') 
 
 Tho pool aeeoiapaniea the miniater along 
 the narrow atreeta. " We can acaroely." aaya 
 he, " enumorata tba nombar of cUemta who 
 aerve aa a eerl^ for hia graoe. Yon wiO 
 And there biahope, mitred abbota, dnkea, 
 earto, knigbta,towyara, theologiaiia, ecbool- 
 maatert. fbotmen and groooia, mingled 
 together. Tha pro e aaiioB axtanda u far aa 
 York Ptoee. ' It ih the eaidinal,' mya one 
 oi the people. * It to the ArchUabop of 
 Ywk.' aaya a aeeond. * It to tha togata of 
 cur Holy Fithcrth«Ftopo,'aqri* third. *It 
 to the Lord High Chaneollor,' ai^n fbttrtb. 
 • It to the dovU,' aaya a fifth. •Rooa,n>om, 
 for my lord of Yorki iMm, roon. for tho 
 CbaneellMr; room, room, fbr the Legato;* 
 
 (*)We 
 PUUi ~ 
 
 ROI 
 
 BOttooonrtr 
 ■ the traaalattoB 
 
 ef V. 
 
 Pldlip Ohadea, who in the Mnmt 4m Dtum 
 MfNdiw baa written a curious artieto on Bkeltoa. 
 
ratrtvaginM which h» 
 DD w«i onljr for th« 
 ing rival natioM. Wh>l 
 I of the retouroM of ■ 
 lubJQOt lived iini'l th« 
 1U7, Mid enjoyed a rental 
 > keep afloat tne Veoellan 
 afranoe and Iniolent con- 
 light be the moUvei bjr 
 luaud, called aloud for 
 :eUon, the poetic ciecu- 
 ger of the ariatocraoy. 
 9 inquired, " Wktfdowt 
 tf{*) "Whj, bceauee 
 ling one higher than the 
 1 the inaginarjr hierarehf 
 lone dare look him in the 
 know how he eonduete 
 rivy Council and in tlie 
 He itrikee the Ubie with 
 •t and all are lilent; none 
 lipe. Wolaey atone 
 ire contradict himi and 
 lieked, he roUe up hie 
 What Bay you, mylurdeF 
 one eicellent, very exeeU 
 •vee, whiatling the air of 
 loh ie the man by whom 
 who ia filled with pride. 
 Iter to keep hit ?ow of 
 the flneat winee and eats 
 ( of all torU highly 
 
 ipaniea the miniater along 
 . "Wecanaearwly.''aaya 
 bo number of eliemta who 
 
 lor hie graoe. You wiO 
 e, mitred abbota. dukee, 
 ryera. theologiaiM, aehooU ' 
 
 and grooma, mingled 
 roeaeiioB axtonda aafar aa 
 ik the eanUnal,' wya mm 
 ' It ia the Archbbhop of 
 end. *Iti8 tha legate of 
 be Ftop«,'eqri« third. *It 
 dMneellor,' ai^n fcttrtli. 
 layeaflfth. 'Roontioom, 
 orici MMn, (oon, forth* 
 a, room, Ctr the Legatoi* 
 
 Bottocourtf 
 a the traaalaliaB ef M. 
 rbo in the Rumt in Dnm 
 
 1 a onrioueartiela OB Bkeltoo. 
 
 mi 
 
 LIVB or BKMBt Till. 
 
 ¥1 
 
 I 
 
 fry aloud hia reUlnerai 'aUnd back I ye 
 eooundrela, do you not aee hia Oraoe V " 
 
 The Chanoallor ia atrutting about in hit 
 apartmente, and thua aoliloquiaing :— " My 
 houa* ia eumptuoue, the gold glittera in 
 the ceiling like the eun at mid-day. My 
 Urge and ■paoioue coriidur reeemUlee p«r- 
 terrea. In my gardena, protected by well- 
 built walla, are flowera, whi';h perfume 
 the air with their exquieite odour. There 
 I have bencheathaded by the eweet honey- 
 auekla for me to rcpoae on t beeldne there 
 are labyrintba where I can wander t further 
 on, vaat avenuee for me to roam in at my 
 leiaure. See ray lalon, what beautiful 
 tapeetry, deaigned purpoeely for me by an 
 artiet, and eo ezquiaitely done that it may 
 b* taken for painting. I dine in an atmoa- 
 phera of perAime. My pUte ia the work of 
 akilfulartifloera wroi <,i . in fine gold i and 
 I drink out of gold goblete. When I go 
 out two gold croatee precede me. Before 
 me walk valett, carrying gold axea on their 
 ahoulderat and I am, when riding on my 
 jiule. decorated with a velvet aaddle, re- 
 garded aa a aaint." We have liaUned too 
 lung to the poet ) let na now tiun to the 
 biatorian. 
 
 Skellon, who apeaka thua ■atirieally in 
 hia pamphleU of Wolaey'a beaetting vicea 1 
 — envy, avarice, Hcentiooeneie, and glut- 
 toily,(*) bad been but Juat deprived of hia 
 aacerdotal fonctiona by the Biehop of 
 Norwich. Why? for one of thoae crimea 
 ao familiar to poete, eaye the ohronicler,(^) 
 or, aa Fuller ae it, becaoae hia female aer- 
 vant at th* paraonage of Truwpfaiigton, 
 where he waa rector, waa employed in 
 other mattere beaidee the euliaury depart- 
 ment. The auapended rector fled for vtfug* 
 to Weatminater. The abbot. lalip, under- 
 took to board, lodge, and clothe him. He 
 alao (nmiahed him with ink and paper to 
 indiu thoee litentey aatirea whkh were aoon 
 circulated in the neighbouring oountiea 
 in the ehap* of bandbUla, asd more than 
 
 (a) Praeuiaptioa and viain f lory, 
 Bnvy. wtath, and leehwy, 
 Covetiae and gtattoay, 
 SkMhlhl a do good : 
 Mow fraatie, now ataik wode. 
 
 (k) Having been fnilty ef certain crimee aa 
 meet poete are.— Wartaa. 
 
 one found thehr way into Wolaey'a palace. 
 The minietcr could, by a word, had he ao 
 pleaied, have forced the aanctuary where 
 Skelton waa lurking, but he was vilent. 
 The " roaetiir cur"(*) allowed the poet to 
 lurk without ao much aa leaving hia royal 
 kennel. 
 
 Skelton, moreover, in thua annoylag 
 Wolsey, waa rather the tool of the ariitiK 
 cracy and Spain, than of the people. The 
 Spaniah ambaaaador could not pardon 
 Wolaey for having rejected 10,000 crowne, 
 which he had offered him to demoliah tbf 
 citadel of Tuurnay ere it waa delivered up.(') 
 He had made the gentry hu enemy, ba> 
 cauae he refuted aa Chancellor to aell 
 Justice aa hit predeoeaiora had dQne.(«) 
 He waa an ofaijact of hatred to the courtieri^ 
 because he made no difltrenoe between th* 
 rich and ths poor in the Star Chamber.^) 
 The landownera aleo held him in detaata' 
 tion, becaute ha obaerved the atatuta agafaui 
 midntenanoe. He waa also very aavere is 
 all caaee of perjury and open or secret 
 revolt, and would not allow the weak to 
 be oppreaaed.(f ) The time, however, wa« 
 not far distant when historiana were to b« 
 far severer than the poet 
 
 (•) 
 
 ■ Our barons 
 
 Dare not lodt out a door. 
 
 For dread of the mastiff our ; 
 
 For dread that the butoher'e dog 
 
 Wonld worry them like aa hog. 
 (<) Lettere di Biblenna, lettore de* ^inoIpL 
 — Harmer'e spednens of some errors aa^ 
 tfeCMtt hi the hietory of the ReformatioBof tha 
 Ohnrch of England. 
 
 ' (•) For the honour ot Wolsey, let it be 
 aotieed that, daring his admhiistration, thert 
 prevailed in this court neither the pecuniary 
 meenaees, which wae its pre-eminent vice 
 nader his immediate predeoeauors, nor th4 
 cruelty which distlngolshed it at the Uter 
 period.— Aroknol., XXV., 376. 
 ^ (f) In the Star Chamber he eeparated 
 neither high nor low; but judged every eetat* 
 aoeordfaig to their merits and dseerts. — 
 ArehiBol., XXV.. S76. 
 
 (r) For a tmth he sopuniAed peijary with 
 open punldmient and open papers werrnge: 
 thatfaihiB time it waa lea used. Hepuiushea 
 alao tordee, kni^tes, ai»d men of all sortta' Ml 
 ryotss, bearing, and BMintenaniee ia thei^ 
 eountnyee, that the po6r men lyved qnietf y, so 
 that no man durst beare fat feare of imprieoa- 
 ment but he himself and his servauntlM were 
 well pushed therefore.— Hall. ArchasolOgiai 
 XXV., S77-378. 
 
MVK or BiKiT rni. 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 THE RMPIBE.^MIO 
 
 DMdi df IfaimnUB.— OudMslM for tha Smpln.— IntriffiiM tniplo^ril bv H»nry, Ohartos, •*< 
 f niMta, to obudn lb* ImpOTiat Orowa. — Onfty ooimImI of the Enfllih SoTtnign.— Oh*rlM it 
 «l««Md.— HU flbMMlar.— ^pinloii of HUtoriMi on Henry's eoadoel iluring lb* •laollon.— 
 tliHivM for tM Monanb'i dtMim.Jl^on. 
 
 Oh the Uth of Januwy, 1 519. Sir WU^ tin 
 Kniiiat, OB taUnff kvn of tha MBpcior at 
 WvUs, WTOU to tba eardlnal, auUng hit 
 tonrictioB t'oat MaiiiniUaB moat tooq auo. 
 •amb to tha violant eoM and ilow hm 
 mitt which ha wu than aaff«7ing^) On 
 tha nni of that month, ha biaathad hia 
 laat or all tha nonanha who bad 
 goremed Qannaa/ ainaa CharlamaKn^ ha 
 waa tha moat powarful. and parhapa tha 
 ■oat aUlfuIi but hia valna waa not 
 proparly aatimatad tUl after hia daath. 
 Ha had aoaroalf eloaad hia cyaa bafbra aoma 
 of tha oirolea of tha Oannanic ampira wara 
 diatnrbad and threatanad aven to inflnenea 
 thadartkmofthanawainp«ror.(k) Lathar 
 waa praparing to deatrojr th( baaotiAil 
 Taotonie nniiy fonndad hy kbudaiUaa. 
 Tha impaiial erown WW in tha glfk of aafaa 
 alaoiota: Albert, Prinea of Biandanboff, 
 Ou^nal and Air^hbiahop of Magdabovi 
 
 : M BlUa' Ultiva. I.. 147. 
 
 Tba 
 BngUeh awbaamlnia i«lati«a 'to the 
 alaetioB of tha emperor, are to be eeen at the 
 Britkh Maaenm. MgS. OoUon. Thagr aif 
 naaitT all of tbem oririaal. Unhappily aeme 
 warn tfartnyed in Um fire of 1731. TktetmlM 
 part have been printed in the " SUIa^papafik 
 pobUe&ed under the authority of Hia Mi^y^ 
 oemwimioB. in ISai. ^y Mnrray." a colleetloa 
 amantiatty neoaawry to be oonauited bp ail who 
 wiahto be quiM on fmit with the hiatory of 
 tUa period. Wa are indebted to Sir Henry 
 Bllifi, Iteepar of the »188. in the Biitidi Ma- 
 aenm, m a valnabie hittorical oollectiaa, 
 tntiinled '•Original letten UlnatratiTe of 
 ini^iA Hietory, ineludlnR numerone royal 
 !attan from aatogn^ i" the Britiah Maaenm, 
 and one or two ouer eollectioDa." 
 (b) Behflildt 
 
 Mchard Von Oraiihnhlao, Arehbiahop of 
 Trevea } Hermann Count Von Wied, Arob- 
 biahop of Cologne i the aaoular elaetora 
 were Lawia of Bohemia ( Lawia, Coant 
 lUalina of the Rhine i Frederick, Duke of 
 Saxony i and Joachim, Margrave of Bran* 
 denburg. A contemporary hiatorian com* 
 parea tha imperial dignity to the aun abining 
 in a loom, and exclaima, phUoeophioally i 
 ** aeiaa, if yon can, that ray of light t make 
 of St a ailk drcaa or a table well aerved i"(«) 
 and it waa for tha poaeeaaion of tbia ri^ of 
 tight that tha three Qraateat monarcha ill 
 tha world wara atraggliai^. Charlea, King 
 of Spain, aoreiaign of the N*'herlanda, and 
 hair to tha lungdom of Naplea t Francia I., 
 King of France and Dnka of Milan { and 
 Henry VIII., King of England. Franca, 
 and Ireland. All three need diffwent 
 maana to attain the obiaot of their ambition i 
 Charlaa, a phlegma^ atoiciam i Fhueia, 
 boiatarooa ganaroaity ) and Ueuy, Italian 
 oraft. 
 
 Ilia King of England feigned great ^ia- 
 intaraaudnaaa, and aaanrad tha Fraoch am« 
 baaaador that ha had no Sntantlon to diepnta 
 tha empira with hia maatar, though tho 
 Cardinal of Sion had not eaaaed tormenting 
 him to become » eandidata for tha crown, 
 but that ha had no eonfldenee in the moun- 
 taineer, who clookfd hia enpidity under, a 
 seal for Enghmd.(') Henry, in order to 
 diacorar the intantiona of Fnoda, ordered 
 
 («) KeterMaityt. 
 
 (A) Boleyn'e LeUen, MBS. Cott, Oal. D; 
 VII.. 98. 
 
ton 09 miiT rm. 
 
 n 
 
 t*A br H»nry, Ohartot, a»i 
 [llih So*«r«ign.— Oh*rlM it 
 inel ilurlnf lh« tiMllon.— 
 
 lUIboklaa, Arehbidiop «} 
 I Count Von Wkd, Arob< 
 lai tba Moulw alMtora 
 Soheiaiai Ltwto, Count 
 bin* I Fraderick, Duke of 
 ehim, Margrava of Bran* 
 tamporary hUloriao com* 
 dignity to tha aua abininii 
 sxclaima, pbiloaopUonlly i 
 I, that ray of light ( maka 
 or a tabla wall aervad i"(«) 
 a poaaaaaion of thia nj of 
 iK* QTaataat moaarcha ia 
 irugglinf^. Charlea, King 
 in of the N*'herlsnda, and 
 lom of Naplea ) Francii I., 
 ind Duke of Milan { and 
 iing of England, Fiaaoei 
 All three need diffirent 
 be obiMt of their ambition t 
 ima^ atoiciani i Fhucia, 
 oaityi and Uaaiy, Iu}iaa 
 
 lag land feigaad great ^la- 
 nd aaaurad tha Fraoeh tin- 
 had BO iateatioa to diapola 
 I hie maater, though tha 
 h$fl not eeaaed tonnaating 
 • eaadidat* fov the eroifo, 
 no eoafldaaee iatha moun- 
 akfd hia enpidity under, a 
 id.(') Henry, ia order to 
 entioaa of F^eia, ordered 
 
 tyt . 
 
 LeUen, MBS. Cott, Oal. D; 
 
 Sir Thomaa BoUyn to aound bim(*) but 
 of tliia there «raa no neceaaity, ae the 
 French torereign waa perfectly open and 
 candid with Sir TItomae, and taking biro 
 aaide to one of the embrtaurca, informed 
 him of hit having betn eolicitcd by lome 
 of the elcotora to oppnae Charlea whom 
 Maiimilian had nominated ae hia aucoaaeor 
 on hia deaih-bed. pledging theme«lvee in 
 writing to aupport him i(*>) and he aaked 
 Bol#ya if it waa true, ee the French am< 
 beaiador had aUted, thai Henry waa 
 inclined to hie cauM,(*) but Boleyn flrara 
 an evaiiva rrply.(<>) It waa highly neoca* 
 aary that Francia ahoiild be aaaurcd of tha 
 cardinal'* goodwill 'owardt him, and he 
 therefore wnrto him a letter, alyling him 
 hie dear friend.(*) and aaking him to ree 
 hie influence with hia royal maater, in caae 
 he wae not e candidate. Ilrnry, in a con« 
 vereetioB with the French ambatnador, atill 
 affected the eame biainterralrdneaa, and 
 apoke contrmptudutly of the pompe and 
 vanitiee of thit world. Content in wielding 
 tho eceptre of hie ieltnd home, what did ha 
 want with a new diadem ) Waa it not hia 
 duty to be eatiaficd with what Proyidanpe 
 had allotted him HO 
 
 Franeia now fdt aeouni of the innperial 
 diadem, and bcKan talking of the obattikj* 
 ment he would inflict^ t$ empei or, on ^h* 
 Turke, who had preanoad to dream of tho 
 abolition of Chriatianity. Taking the arm 
 of Sir Thomaa Boleyn he aaid i " By my 
 faith, if I am elected emperor, I ahall be 
 at ConatantinopI* withia three yeara, or 
 die on the road,"(() Froah proofa were 
 
 (•) Boleyn'e Lettcra, MSS. Cott., Gal. D. 
 VII. 88. 
 
 (k) HUB. Cott., C«l. D. VII., 88. 
 
 (•) And rery much he r^oicelb in the 
 lettrre ih^t came from hU umbiutador out of 
 EaRraiid, whereby he ia advieM your hif bneae 
 would help and aid him in this mailer, which 
 he reckonetb for a neat fardel le near to a 
 anrety.— Turner. MSS. Coll., Cal. D. VII., 88. 
 
 (d) MSS. Coll.. Cal. D. VII., 88. 
 
 (•) MBS. Coll., Cal. D. VII., 87. 
 
 (f ) " He waa'conteut wiih hia iwtate," and 
 the anbaaaador thought, " aurely that the king'a 
 biiihiieaa preirndeih nut to ihe empire." — 
 MSS. Coll.. Cal., ib. M. 
 
 (*) He look me hard'by the wriit with one 
 hand, and laid the other upon hia broMt, and 
 aworo to me by bia faith, it he atuined to be 
 emperor, that within three yeara after he would 
 
 daily fumlahed to the too eonllding aove» 
 reign of the indiff«renoa aaauined hy hie 
 noble ally. " Indeed," eiclaimed Francia, 
 one day, playing with hie velvet rap, " I 
 have no bctier friend on earth than hia 
 grace, my brother of Rngland."(^) An a 
 mark of hia gratitude for Wolaey'a eier< 
 tiona in hie behalf, bo promiaed to aurt 
 hia influenoe in obtaining for him ib* 
 papaoy.C) What a dJightful dream for 
 the world— Wolaey at Homo and Francia 
 at Conatantinople ! Franeie waa aoori 'jiv« 
 deceived by th« Spaniah ambaaaador, who 
 told him thai hia "good brother," had 
 fMmally declared to the Biahop of Burgoa 
 that he could never eoppott the eandidutura 
 of Francia, and that be would prefer areinK 
 Charlemagne'e aceptre wielded by the King 
 of Spain than by the Kiof^t of France. (J) 
 Boleyn, compelled Id give an explanaition, 
 attempted to contradict ihia ofloial Infor- 
 matioo, and Francia now perceived, when 
 it waa too late, that he had been deceived 
 by the King of Eng)and.(k) 
 
 The Diet waa to open abortly at Frank« 
 fort, whett the Fuggera, the renowned 
 bankere of Augaburg, had a houae. It 
 waa by their aid timt both Franeia and 
 Charlee tniated to purchaae the votee of 
 the electora, Francia being determined to 
 epend 8,000|(K>0 crawna in acquiring MaiW 
 mi1Ua*aorowa.(i) Un >rtunAiely biachaiinaa 
 were diahonoured, and he waa reiuindod 
 ^bat ha had not refunded aomo money 
 borrowed threo yeara before for the nnaon» 
 of Toumay, and that, conaequently, tba- 
 Fuggera, being afrbid that tha king migbV 
 aot honour hia aignatme, refaaed to acoepi 
 hia billa.(w) Charlea of Auatria uaed gold 
 iaatead of paper to bribe the electore, and 
 
 be in Conilanlinople, or he would die by the 
 way.— -iSth Feb. 1519— MSS., Cott., CaL 
 D. VI 1, 93. Kllit I., 147. 
 
 (i>) M8S. Colt., ib. Bllial., 148. 
 
 (I) Boleyn 'a letter of Ulh March, to Wol*- 
 aey.- MSS. Colt., ib. 98. 
 
 (I) MSS. Colt, CaL D. VII.. 80b. Bllial.» 
 IfiO. 
 
 (k) Boleyn'a letter. KIlia I., lU. 
 
 (I) Ua liree aich vcrtirkmm. rr weide drei 
 Millionen Kronihalvr damn wendni, urn anmt 
 Kayier an werdeiu— Rauke'a deutatke (ien- 
 chichte im Zeiialter deiuJBefonaaiion, I., 
 3»9. 
 
 (w) BibL dn Roi. MSB. Dupuy. vol. 268. 
 
T4 
 
 ura ov aMBi Till- 
 
 prtMntad Moh of th«m with (lO.OOO ducAla 
 in c««h.(») Prtncii »Mva«d io pUc* nnif« 
 Otinfldenoa in (h« clnquanM of hit silvo- 
 wtea at tha Dial than ia iha caru flllad 
 with gold which ha had aant to rtplaca 
 hi* di>hunourtd billa, and which bad baan 
 plundered on tha way. Theaa ad»t>oalaa 
 bad iruiaed prc|)arcd a njannifieent spMcb, 
 writtan In Latin, tha purity of which not 
 •Tan Budcua would bava baan aahamadof. 
 It Oatured tha alaciora, whom It chMgad 
 Into Northarn aUra, whoaa liRht axcala all 
 tbanuetunulluminariaa. Tba eompariaoa 
 ■liKht cMTy ila waifiht, but kt bad not tha 
 valua of a ducat.(k) Oarmany rldicolad 
 tho apaaehea of hia advocatea, aa wall aa hia 
 pratanaiona to tha Imparial crown, and tha 
 poaU thought it atranga that a prinea who 
 bora tba ntma of Fmncia I. abould aapira 
 to tha tUla of CaMar.(«) 
 
 Charlaa raprMcnted tha Teutonic nation- 
 ality. Lika Maaimilian, ha bora ax hia 
 una tha lion of the Nctherlanda and tba 
 a^la of Auatria. and, aa a Chriatlan, tha 
 aama nwna aa that powtrful anparor who 
 waa for a tima maatrr of tha world. 
 Beiidaa, tha country Bto«Ml in naad of ■ 
 pnnea of Oannan extraction i tha poet but 
 eontinuea tha atruggia Juat commanoad al 
 'Wittambarg by a monk, and m have not 
 tha aligbtaat doubt that Gamany woukl 
 bava raToltad. had the French or Engliab 
 monarch been elected to tba empire. 
 
 Henry, after hairing deocived both bia 
 ilvala with promiaea of aupport. auddanly 
 Mmoanced himaelf a candidate for the 
 •mpira. llie election of the Tudor would 
 . aecura Wolaey'a elevation to tha ebair of 
 St. Peter, whiob he deeired at any aaerifica, 
 BO mattwr how greatC) The Biabop of 
 Worceatar exerted himaelf at Some to 
 aecura hia maatar'a elaetioD, and bad ha 
 
 (a) Paca'a letter, quoted b<r Herbert 
 
 (b) Speech of tha French ambaaadoia to 
 ^^ Jka eleotoia, Jnue 18. IftUV. 
 
 (•) 
 CMbi ria FrKnolic<ia GaUua. rex Gallic*, ottAai aia. 
 
 Impenum poeoie, qui riiliona libi f 
 FrandMsua nemo eat hno Oaiaar nomiae ftetua. 
 
 Nee Gallua me quia aoapHa OMar erit: 
 Oimar Germanna mihi rax et oaroiua eeto : 
 
 Quale, Fnmeieoe at Oalie repolae, vale ! 
 — <it te oonoluaioa of tha Oralte onionm 
 Jhmeieai rwM OalleriNn. 
 («> Liagard. 
 
 ameawled, the imperial acaptre would havo 
 (Wllen into tha handa of a royal theologiM. 
 The biabop had two grounJe on whieb to 
 urge Henry'i claim to the imparial aoeptre. 
 Charlaa. without a diapenaation, ovuld not 
 bold tha imperial crown and that of 
 Naplee,(*) and R<>me would Im inenmng 
 great danger war* aha to accept ai King <>f 
 the RoRiana a young prince already manter 
 of Milan. On the other band, with 
 Frande I. there would no longer be any 
 barrier between France and Italy. What 
 would then become, in either caae, of that 
 Italian nationality, of the euecaaa of which 
 Juliua had dreamed evaa on hie death 
 bedrC) 
 
 Pace arrlvad ahorUy after thia repre- 
 aentation of tba biabop, without money, 
 but armed wttb the moet brilliant oTer* 
 for all. but mora eapmsially tha acelaaiaatiaal 
 alectore. PWt had etarted for Bologna on 
 the flrat vague rumour that a new literary 
 atar, foreboding tha rlaa of litaratura, had 
 apruBg op in ItiJy. Daring hU voyage 
 of aeient.^ raeeareb ha ooUeotad. lika 
 Mirandola, preoioaa mannaeripta, heard 
 diitinguiabed profeeeora, frequented tha 
 nniveraitiee, hannlad the atudioa of tha 
 •rtieta, took hie plaee on the beacbee of the 
 aohoola, and on hia return borne, waa pra- 
 tmtud with a etall in St Panl'a vacant by 
 the death of Colet.(f) While travelling, 
 lometlmea on foot, aomatioiee on horae> 
 bMk. be coUartad awalally tha matariala 
 for a abort treatiaa on the progreaa of lite* 
 ratuie, which be afterwarde pnbliahed, 
 under the title of * Da fhieto qui ex doe- 
 trini pereipitar."(k) He waa pleading in 
 favour of aeioBoe, wbiob ontii then, bad 
 only impoveriahad her advocatee, and aha 
 waa cflBaaqaaotly r^)aetad by aoma of the 
 fox-buntiBg gentry, on the plea , that 
 aba led ber Totariee to the hoapitaL "By 
 oor Lady." aaid a laadlonl, whom our 
 pbiloaopber enoooiagad during hia tr»> 
 vela, and whom ha iatndacoe into hia 
 prafaoe, "never, my eon, learn tha htUtt 
 ItUrm, To team to VtaUr oa the bom, 
 
 Je) Sandoval, Uletncia de U vida iM faape- 
 or Oarloa V., em Pamplona, 1614. 
 It) Robectaoa'a Hialory of the Bmperoc 
 OkadaaV. 
 
 ($) 8tatapapefa.I.,a. 
 
 IMM. 
 
 The trwitiae waa pabUaked at Bale, la 
 
Mrial MtptN woiiW h»T« 
 di o( • ruykl thcoloiiiM. 
 ro gruuoJ* on whlali to 
 » to tha imparial MMptr*. 
 t diiptnution, ovuld not 
 il trowa and that of 
 tma would •»• Incumnn 
 •ha to areapt aa King <>f 
 ng princa alraaily matter 
 tha othar hand, with 
 ■rould no longer b« any 
 ran«a and Italy. What 
 aa, la aithar caaa. of that 
 , of tha aoocaaa of which 
 iMd avaa ea hla daath 
 
 ihortlf afkv thb rapra- 
 tiialHW, without monay, 
 tha iDoat brilliant olTara 
 ipMiallr tha acfllaalaatloal 
 id aurtcd for Bologna on 
 BMur that a naw Utararjr 
 Iha rlaa of litaraturo, had 
 iij. Daring hia voyaga 
 aareb ha eoUaotad. Ikka 
 lona maanaeripla, haard 
 ofaaaora, fraquaatad tha 
 nted tha atudioa of tha 
 ilaoo on the heachaa of tha 
 lia ratura boiaa, waa pr^ 
 U in Sk PkoI'i vacant by 
 lot.(r) Whila tmTcUinff, 
 Kt, oomatiniaa on horaa- 
 id owatally tha matarlala 
 w on tba prograaa of lito- 
 ba aflorwaida pobtiahad, 
 f * Do fhieta qal ex doe* 
 '(k) Ha waa pleading in 
 w, wbleh ontU than, bad 
 id her advocalea, and aha 
 !y r^ieeted by aoma of the 
 Btry. CO the plea , that 
 riaa to the hoapiuL "By 
 i a landlord, whom our 
 owafftd dmiag hie tr»> 
 a he iatndMee into hie 
 , my eon, learn tha htiln 
 m to Moir oa the bom, 
 
 Uiatofia da U vUa iM impe- 
 
 rm Pamplona, 1614. 
 
 'a HialMy of the Bmperoc 
 
 ra.l.,S. 
 
 M wae puMiahad at BAle, hi 
 
 uri or aiNRT Tin. 
 
 n 
 
 
 to hunt the deer, to go out with the 
 faleoa, to ride over hllla and dalae i apaak 
 to me of auch a profaMioa •■ that, and 
 you hava my haarly ap^irulmtlon, hut I 
 wuulil nut muuni bcliiml llial lady whom 
 Kraaroue haa chriaiened r^v Mmrapariif 
 *«i>/ai>."(*) "Anl ir," rapliad tha philo- 
 aopber, "your ion waa desired by the king 
 to fulAI aoma im|iortant nia«lun, what 
 banadt would ha derive from knowing how 
 to hl<>w the horn, to ehaae devr, to hewk 
 and hunt foitta V The modara Nimrod. at 
 a loee for a reply, emptied hie glaee, and 
 aaking fbr mora beer, tiled It to the brim, 
 drank to Paea'e good health, and (hue they 
 eeparated.(k) 
 
 Rmw fotfnd that bo bad other prajudleea 
 to contend with at the Diet. The acelaaiaa- 
 tieal eleetora refoaed to voU for Haary. on 
 the plea that hla grace had atarted too faUe, 
 and that their votee werj pre-^inKagadi*) 
 While PtMO waa ueeleeely endeavouring 
 to gala a aiagle vote for hie maater, it 
 waa ninwured abroad at Frankfort that 
 Cbarlee had ordered a portion of hia army 
 to advaaea froa the Netherlaada aa far ae 
 the banka of the Maine, to protect the 
 independeaoo of the eleetora. Thia thraal(<) 
 wae of greater aarriee to Cbarlee than all 
 hie daeata, ae he waa Immediately elected. 
 Heary oonaolad himaelf for hla defeat by 
 declaring that he conid not have eoaaoian* 
 tioualy aeeeptad tba empira at the price 
 fivaafiitit by Charleoi hot La wae only 
 noting tha hypoerito. England waa oveiw 
 |oyed at the elootion of the new enperori 
 the people lit bonlreo in tha equaree, while 
 the Oemaaa and Bpaniardi, entering the 
 tareniB in the vieinity at Temple Bar, 
 aaptiad pota of bear in honour of the aue* 
 
 i: 
 
 •) The eeeleaiaaiieal eleotofe told Ua, that 
 if they had baea earilar punned he mifht have 
 been eioeted. bat that tbav ware now piv 
 anfu«d.— Latter to Henry, iOth Jane, quoted 
 by Herbert 
 
 {*) Tjtim.-^Ptm has pointed out the 
 double ■aacnv'ra of eonupiion and hitimi- 
 
 eonupiu 
 datisn emrJoyed by Ohaiiaa to decide the 
 eleetora. He wrote to Wbleey on the 17th of 
 July I— "And auiely they woide nott have 
 eleetidda hym ft tan at their pereoae hadde 
 not Aryvan them tkaraunto, and evident mine 
 effall Ihefar aatiea yff ihey hadde alectidde ony 
 ether fcyuge/'-MM C<4t.. Oalba, B.V.,nS. 
 
 eeeeful eaadldata.(*) At Rome, whoa* 
 policy la praiaed by iluherteon,(') Leo X. 
 lost nu time in offliring Cliarlee of Auatrin 
 the neflcanary dUp«naaii<>n for uniting the 
 cruwn of Najilaa vrith tha imparial iliadam.O 
 Luther waa In open rebellion aiiainet the 
 hierart-hlcal authority i the Pope conaa* 
 quanily atuod in need of a aov«raign of the 
 Tuetonio race, who would ha able to ohaok 
 tha apuetato monk. When at Aix la 
 f^apalle^ the city which the golden bull 
 hail eppoiated for the emperor*! coronation, 
 the Arehbiahop of Cologne aaked Chariea 
 if he promleed to exert himaelf for the 
 triumph of the Catholio fhlth, and to defend 
 the interaete of the Churoh In Oermauf 
 with hia Ufa if required. Charlae lifted up 
 hie hand which he had laid on the altar, 
 and replied, " I will, with the help of Ood 
 and the aainte."(^) 
 
 C'harleo of Auetria, when ecaroely twenty, 
 •aya aa hletorian, need to rice at daybreak, 
 throw a eleak over hie ahoulJrr, kneel 
 down befme a eruciflx, and remain abaorbed 
 in prayer for a fbw eeooada. ilia prayer 
 being Iniehed, he would call together hie 
 eervaato. and, aeated on an old atool, would 
 make hie chaplain read aloud the Seven 
 Penitential Paalma. He then dreeted, 
 henrd Maea, and, on leaving chapel, held n 
 privy eouneil, and than leapt on horeebaek, 
 lor a BMiming ride, without even touching 
 the etirr«p.O) Hie Latin and theological 
 tutor wae Florence of Utrecht. Cbarlee of 
 Chidvree taught him the uee of arme. Ha 
 anderatood thoroughly Spaniah, Qemiai^ 
 and Flreach. Hie three favourite worha 
 were " The Courtier, by the Count de Cea- 
 tiglione." " The Diacouraae of MaehiaveUi 
 on Polybiua and Livy," and " 'flie History 
 ef Polybiue." It waa CharWe eye thai 
 •poke I for be acarcely ever opened hie 
 mouth. He invariably ate hia meale atand* 
 ing, and reoaaiaed alone in hie onbinet the 
 entire niomin|(, etndyiag the papere with 
 which hia tables were covered, ae he evinced 
 
 (•) Hall. 
 
 (n BobertMU.— Hi^t. of Ohailee V. 
 
 (I) Olaanone, Hlat. da Maplae. 
 
 (h) Ooldaat, DD. NN. imperatonua atatota 
 at Raaoripia, PnuicuAirtaa, 1607. The Car- 
 dinal Ci^etan aaut an •ocoiM of the diawisaion 
 at tbe Diet lo Leo X.. on the !i9<.h June, 1519, 
 — Lctleie di I'liuclDl, IWi. 
 
 (I) Uregurio Leti, LKe of Charles V. 
 
Liri QV aiMIT Vtil. 
 
 • iMir* lo b« M^Minlad wHh iht •llnklMl 
 ••AMM4ra In lh« uimlnkatratlon of hit •(»«••( 
 b« WM quiok tn datormtntng, ob«(in«l« In 
 hia nplnion, alow In loMmlnlnn, but rtuinad 
 nil tbnt k« bn«l lMrn«d.(«) Franol* wu 
 Mithar aurprlaad nor anno)ra<i nl laarnlnn 
 that Cbarlaa waa bla rival i for ba ramarbad 
 lauHhindiy, lit iha BfinnUh awhaaan do r, 
 ibat It waa an If ibajr wara paylnif tbair 
 •ddwaaaa to (ba anma Udf. and happan 
 what •l«lil, tbay would ailll ba frlaoda^k) 
 But wb«u bla rival waa raaMy alaciad, ba 
 inud'nad bimaalf to bava b«aa daafiljr 
 Inaaltad bjr Iha alaciora, Inaamueb aa ib^ 
 had ob«Man,ln prtforanca to KlnnMlf,a«blld 
 Vilb a paU counitnanco and aandjr hair, 
 #bo CQuld aearaaly arilouUia a avM-sia.(«) 
 Aa Uuka of MlUa. ha dtolarad that Charlaa 
 abould ba orowutd ai R«ina oa tha aama 
 eondliiona aa bad b«aa 8l||UnM>nd aad 
 rradariok II I. .<^. without armai') Charlaa. 
 in a tournamant al Valladolld, had provad 
 binarlf a perfaot maaur of tba lanca by 
 diaarming tbraa advaraariaa auecaaalvaly, 
 •o that It waa to ba apprabaadad (b|M ha 
 would aavar quietly aubialt to aucb vondL 
 Moaa((*) It waa tharafcra ganaraUf iatadinad 
 tbal tba pradlction of Lao X* would ba ae- 
 •oinpliabad. and that Italy would baeooa 
 Iha Aald of Mataaiioa for tbaaa two aoTO« 
 nigaa to aattla tbair dlaputaa. 
 < L Wa art la j^mUm bouad to adait that 
 ' Iha lagliah Uatorlaaa bavo uaaaimooalf 
 fpadamoad Haary'a cooduat al tha Dial of 
 l^nkfort^O Tba priaaa had hiat thai 
 •oblvnaaa of aoul whiah wa ao anek 
 •dalfad la Un al Iha tlma tbal ha lavadad 
 
 (a) 8aa tba oharacUr of tbla prinea (Ivan la 
 tfea Hltterj of Padro Itaaia, utaalatad into 
 Ba|llab Vf OriaiMtaaa. ivroma Oond4 da 
 Nagorol oonpoaad Iha foUowiaf vaiaaa oa hia 
 alaeiton — 
 l>oalalalimpariumOallaa,aamMutna, Hlbama; 
 
 Raa lanua boo iriplai Oarolua unua babat. 
 Cwaaia ia boo populo flat aatia onwilna aao i 
 
 Imparium aat i|ilur, Carula, Jura tuua.— 
 taadoval. 
 
 (b) MBS. Valieaa. Mo. 3,90. 
 
 (•) Bupb ia hia obaraotar aa pouitrayad by 
 Palar Martyr. 
 
 {*) Polar Uartyr. 
 ' (•> Aadia'a Hiatoiia da Laoa X. 
 
 m It ia impxaaibia to drfand tba oonduct of 
 tba KlNf of Bnilaad in alauwl auy part of (bia 
 aaapUcaiod bitrigua. llwaaaalflth,diaboaoar- 
 a^^ td laainnara.— Tytla>4 BoaTunar. 
 
 Praaoa. Ha bad btooma a dtplonMtUt of 
 I • achool of MaebUvaUl, whu raeoia- 
 OMndad bia diaotplaa ici hava raooiina lo 
 low aiinnlnf and dtoaptlon, M \h»f ciiiild 
 tharaby Rain Ih^ir and i but ih«r« ontubl 
 bava boaa at laaal a abada of an aiouao, 
 bad bia oonduci had but a linga of nubia- 
 aaaa in it To daoaiva b<iiA hit rWala 
 undar tha aamblaaoa of knightly conduot. 
 waa indaad unworthy of a aof araijin I Yot 
 if wa attontivaly aiudy ih« aharaoUr of 
 Haory, who in tbka inatanoa, aa ooa ol *.ha 
 para«tnaiiaa in a Orrman play. Ihruwa off 
 and puta on bia naab, apaordinti aa eiiw 
 eunauacaa raquira it. wa iball aouo p«r- 
 calva tbal ha voluntorlly d|vfattd bimaalf 
 of bla paraoaality to baeoma an inatruicanl 
 in tba banda of Woliay. Tha oar<linal 
 waa aniloua to aaoura liia tiactiua, at any 
 prioa, to tba obair of St. P«t«r, oa ibo 
 df caaaa of Lao t hanea, iba coaduol of tho 
 EnHliab aovartlgn to Cl>arl«a and Prsncla. 
 Tha minitur intaniiMd that ba aould, by tha 
 aid of a politioal faraa. ia whiah llanry im- 
 paraooaiad tba obaraeter of "iha lyinff 
 valat." gain (ha tiara. To Franala wata mada 
 promiaaaof aupporl, which Wolaay bad no 
 iniaailon of iraniiag i to Charlaa an auto> 
 paph lattor. flikd with amicabla hypo- 
 critioal prutaalailoaa of Ariaadahipi aad 
 whan tba tlaia «f d^Mffawal wat ai>proa«lh- 
 lag. a third aaadUaia appaavad «n Iba fUld» 
 but who raalgaad biaaalf to hia fkto, aa 
 haeaarw»a phUaaaphar, ta ladlacthalha 
 had not tha aUghtaal ehanaa of auccoaa, 
 aad avaa waal aa far aa to oonpaMlato 
 hia rival oa hia alaoUtfa. whloh ka kad 
 tadoavaoiad to fraatrato. in eoi^uaattoa 
 with kla iBlniatai.(«) Such waa tha ndaav* 
 ahia pk>lln wUoh, wa ragrd baiaf obUgad 
 to racord It for Banry'a honour, Wolaay 
 conlrivad to inpUoata bia nMwtor. At 
 London, ha tanght him dlaalpalioa t •! 
 Calala, pride i it Fraakfort, kypoeriay. 
 Thua dy Heavy doUy kwo aoaM of kla 
 good qoaUtiaa, and whaa tha boor for 
 eombatlag wHh Iha alioagaal of all 
 paaaion^ Iha lova of wwncn, airivad, 
 Uaniyt aomplotdy poworUaa^ waa — ab ia 
 
 (•) SirThoaMalfavavaaatdaiadbyliaarT 
 to writ* aad eoBgratalato Charlaa on bk 
 albcllM.-llitB.. doit,, Galba, B. Y,, 87a 
 Biato Papaii^ L, SIM. '^it.«iU 
 
iibUv«(U, whu rMooi- 
 M ici hava raoouna to 
 •o«lHlon, M ihajr emilil 
 
 and I but than rnkfiht 
 
 • alMMl* of •■ aio«M«, 
 ) hut a ilnya of nubia* 
 i«c«iva bain liia fivAJi 
 90 u( link((|illy cuwluolt 
 \f of a oof arai||n I Yal 
 Mudf (bf obanMtaf of 
 
 Inttanoa, aa ooa o( *.ho 
 frman |>|aj. Ibruwa off 
 ■aali. acffiirdinK aa eifw 
 I it. wa iball aoua )i«r- 
 nUrily dlvtattd bimaall 
 4> bacoiiM ait Inatruicant 
 WolMf. Tha cardinal 
 «ura Ma tlactioo, at aaf 
 ir of St. P«t«r, OB iho 
 anoa, tba conduat of tb« 
 
 to CltorUa and Prancla. 
 iiwd tbat ba could, bjr tho 
 lat, ia wbUh llanry bn- 
 MM-actor of "tha lyin^ 
 m. To FrMiflla waia mado 
 rt, «bi«h Wolaay bad m 
 lag I to Cbarlaa an auto* 
 d with Mninblo bypo- 
 ooa of Ariondabipi and 
 i htp f u nt ••••iiproMhf 
 aio apitaavad on Iba fiabl» 
 I biMair to hia fbio. aa 
 tpbtr, .IB ladiog tbat b* 
 blaal ahanao of auceoaa^ 
 I far aa to oonpniniaM 
 
 aioetiiia. wbloh bo bad 
 hMtmto, la ooi^uMttea 
 (f ) Such waa tba mtiw 
 I, «• ngrti boinf obligod 
 Banry'a bonour, Wotaajr 
 plioato bia aiatar. At 
 ^x bim dbwipntioa i at 
 It FlrukfiNi; bypoeriajr. 
 
 daUr loM aoM of bit 
 
 kod whaa tha boor for 
 
 lb* atioBgMt of dl 
 
 vn of WMnoB, urivad. 
 
 If poMrlM% ma — M a 
 
 Mof* vaa wdaiad bf Haanr 
 
 Bgrauilata Cbarlaa on bk 
 Oott,, Oalba, B. V.. V^ 
 
 iiPR ov mtmnr mt 
 
 to off»r any laalatontfa, tbMa hla ao- 
 bUn««a of rharaoiar ha<t baan o<impU(»ly 
 und»rniin«d liy Wulaay. Ot what av«ll 
 wa* tlia liiMh political puaitton tha miniatar 
 Halnad fur liia pupil. If ha da^arlnratad in 
 viriua \ WolMy, that ha miglit tucraad In 
 waartnf( tlia Pulifrman'* Rtnff, had niada 
 a duu)d« traaty with Francia and C'harlaa. 
 Francia had iha cumoiaad ol fuuttaan volaa 
 in tha Barrad Gillaga. and ihay would, aa 
 a muttar of couraa, «ota/ar hia eandidata.(*) 
 
 (•) Paca had arlvd aa rfacaliftilly aa WoUay. 
 Ha lalla ua thai aflar iha civi'ilun Maraarat 
 lliaiihid liim fur hi* cumluil tu tha Cathullo 
 klMii i — "And I hav* hadila o9 harra vatraya 
 lard* Unka for thitl I ha«a duon Inih* Almaviia 
 for Ilia klnf caiuiikn in iha lata alaellou. — 
 MOM. Colt., Ualba, B. V., SSft, 
 
 Charlaa alao, F.aiparor tiaot of tba Romana, 
 rouUl comnianii a ftaal numbar of voloaa 
 In tha eonrlavo. who would, of rourw« 
 "Ota for hi* (andidata ((*■) and aliout tha 
 tima tha Horarotca Pontiff waa attaokad 
 with a aariiiu* At of illn*aa, whiah ballltd 
 all tha anilavvoutaof aotantifle man tu arraat 
 lla pragraaa. 
 
 (k) And ihua ha hath daalrad ma (o writa 
 lo you, (hat If il ulaaaa vou lo pcaland to ba 
 tha liaad of iha cnurch, U par c*aa any (hln| 
 ahould fkll of Iha Papa, ha aaiih ha wlU aawira 
 you fill I fuurtatn laidin*!* fur hin* lla will 
 ala<i of iha comoaniaa which bo In divialun, Iha 
 Oulunnoia ami tha llrtivn* ai Itom*. aaaura you 
 Iha «rh»la compony uf Iha Ur*yiia A latlaf 
 (roai Holayii to Wolaay, daiad 14th MmiiIi, 
 IM9.-MHii. Catt., QaL, D. M, quotad bjp 
 Sharon I'luaar. 
 
 OHAPTEB IX. 
 
 THI PIBLD OP THB CLOTH OF GOLD. 
 
 Franala I. alaim* tha asaaaHon of Iha Iraat* app^lnUng aa laMrvlaw batoaan Iba too *o*tr«lgaa.«> 
 Arrifal of Obarlaa V. la Knglaad.— Hla pr**ani lo Woltay— Hanry ambark* for OaUia.— 
 Tha Plaid of tha Olotb of Gold.— Con«ir*n*a baiwaaa Iba Mlagi «f Bagtaad and Fraaaa.'^ 
 ToaraaaMBtt and Faallfala.— Plana of Hanry and Wolaay. i .v)m. •>.' m ii 
 
 BarwaaM two diaappoiattd ritrah lacon- 
 eiUatloaiaaodiflioultiaattar. Frandaaooa 
 forgot tba Inaolta ba bad raoaivad from 
 Haary. laliaaof tbataBparialorowababad 
 gainad tha dnoal diadam of Mlhm, aad hia 
 praaoBi poaition waa aoeh aa ta naba tint 
 aaviod by bia livala. Cbarlaa oT Anotrk. 
 who bad BOMaadod to tha Onaaao aMpira by 
 thaalaotlnB of the Diat of Fnuibfort,and to 
 aaothar aapira, yot largar lltan Oanaaay. by 
 tba dkeovariao of Paraaada Coflaa. waold 
 havo boaa obii^ad, bad ba pro o a adad to 
 Italy, to bava laft tha aaada ^ dvU wkr 
 wMitanninBiad in Bpaia. Alraady bad 
 •oiaa of tha proviaoao fdlaB a pray to 
 aaarahy. Tba BMiop of SaaicA hoadad 
 tha rabaOion Ib CaalUto. irtikh, wit^ anpa 
 la bar band, daaaaadad har awiani privi- 
 tegaa I a Jnata. haadly ftaaMMi h^ tba paaplo, 
 had plaotd Iha pi*li ■« iha hoadof tha 
 
 iaiurractlon, and Mtite di Paobaco. will of 
 Padilla»iafluanoad by tba lalaaof tba patriotto 
 pruwaaa of Sieblngaa, waa tniTaraiag tha 
 wbola country, aidtiag tha paaaaatry to ra* 
 btllioB. TbaravoltibnataBadlobaaarioaa, 
 for it bad boaa plaoad uadar tba approbation 
 of thoChuiob, aad bad adoptad aa iu euloim 
 tba baanor of our Lady. Francia, by 
 aaaiatiag the intiirganta of CaatUla aad 
 AmgoB, aa ha bad boca raqutotad to do 
 I7 Maria dl Fbebaco, would, la all pnba* 
 Mlity, iacar tha angar of tbo Holy 8ao aad 
 tho Jaalonay of hia nalgbbowa. Ha Ihara- 
 fara imagiaad that an alliaaca with Baglaad, 
 fouadod on a mora atahia fodadalioB, 
 would ba mora oondueiro to hb ombiiioaa 
 pmlacta thaa aidiag. avaa aacrally. aa anay 
 of rabab, hoadad by a jftaag womaa with 
 aa ardaaft t a tag iaat ja a , and a prlcal, w^ 
 bfaMrf^wMiy: 
 
ft 
 
 tin or aiKiiT Ttft, 
 
 grMp iti« *i^ttfi\>(k\ «tiiti«f niiif»rt«d on 
 kkm bf r«r<lin»iiil (h« UihuUr.(*) III d«' 
 tlnd. lh*r»for«, lu liava m« tnlanrWw (iImi 
 Miur* of wkich w« (an »9m\f iltvin*) •llh 
 WnlMj, anil no« wKli Hanry. It may hava 
 Wn rtapactiiifi Iha llara. §« aamtatly 
 •ovHad by lh« <ardinal, and wkkb Franf ta 
 pnsnsUcd hint, jjrorisled ^•«ars waa «♦.»*»- 
 Uikfd, liy hi* RMKliation, hatwaan tha two 
 ■alUma (**) 'Ihla n»||otlatton waa obhfltd 
 lo b« earHrd on aaeratlx, for if tha con- 
 dItUona of Iha it—ij raachad Chtrlaa'a aara, 
 Wolaay «m aura of loalng tha pa|ial dladrm. 
 Bui tha am|)«rar aotad •• If ha had an 
 Iniuiltva M<|uaiiilanea wklh Frarniia'a plana. 
 A faw dnya nflw hia corunallon, Chnrlta 
 gn.ita<l Iha (hvouilla an annual paniton of 
 1,000 llvraa i but how trllitni nuat Ihla aum 
 kava apfiaarad in tha ayaa of ona ao aitia- 
 vaffMil M Woltaf. Il had baan allpuUlad 
 In Iha Iranty raRwdini tha mpitiilatton of 
 Tuurnax and tha marriaga of Mary of 
 England with lb? Diuphtn of Fnmce, thai 
 tha two mnnaKha abould hava an inUrviaw 
 on Iha frontiara of thair ratpacllva king- 
 dona, and Pnuicia accord! ngljr damandad 
 Ita fulAlmant.f*) Hanrjr, apprthanaiva of 
 dtaplaMing tha Hpaniah cablnal, whom tha 
 projtotad ranWrvaoiia a«rnicd to alarm, 
 dalqrad il| but aa Franria btcama luipor-' 
 tiumkt, Htnrf, in • flt of good bniaour, 
 •wot* that ha would not akava until ha had 
 •abrmcad hIa good brother. Francia tlau 
 took » Uha onlh. 
 
 Tb* KiBff of Franca kapl hia word, whila 
 kit "good brothar" of England forgot It. 
 Oa Franeta oomplainiog to Sir TIioibm 
 Bolayn, that hIa gmca, notwhhataading 
 kla oath, atill continued to ahava, tha 
 usbaiMdor apologiaad for hia naatar'a 
 wtnt <^ Mill, by nllegiBg that KathariM 
 felt an latuparabla antipathy U> lMarda.(*) 
 Ftnuieki waa too gallant a knight not lo 
 ncsapl tha apology. Thar* waa batwara 
 Aidraa, balonging Id France, and Guinea, 
 
 !•) Cap«i«a. 
 *) Hadarirath mora to aaa yonr grace than 
 any prkca lir ioc, to tha intent ha aiay iTmw 
 Ton ue aacrat of bU mind, whereof beraaflar 
 am will ihow to Tuur graca larnly. — Latter 
 fram Hlr W. PitiwUUani to WolaM.— MilS. 
 CMt., Cal. VII., 144.— T«n«r. 
 
 •) Mobartaoa. 
 
 \*v 
 
 K 
 
 dependant on Fngland. a eaat plain, 
 which waa lalected fcr Iha e<infcr«n<« 
 betweaa Ih* Iwo t<>«etelgiia. The rardiaal 
 had regulated tha pvraonal ait*n(1an<>« ot 
 the twu courta aa well aa the |>rln<-«« und 
 prlnmaea i ralrulaled the ilitianra by 
 which tha eaaapa were tn be eeparaieil, tha 
 height of the harrier *• M<ppo»l tha myal 
 lenla, and tha number of t<>aeU lo b« 
 drunk.(*) 
 
 About tha time thai Henry and Katha- 
 rine arrWed at Canterbury, a Mpanlah 
 veaael waa algnalled aa having Jual ancho^ 
 at llythe. In Keni.C') having i.n hoard a 
 young uian who, f^om hie biimhU appear- 
 anre,(f) would have been taken ea a naval 
 oflcer, had not hie whila pluna and aleel 
 coralat proclaimed him to fie a tirangrr ol 
 ranh. It waa Charlea V , King of Hpain 
 and Kmporor of Germany, whu bait arrived 
 uneipectedly to eurprtaa kla uncle, iha 
 King of England. On tha morrow, aa lh« 
 waaiher accmed acttled and tha aaa calm. 
 CharUt, Impatleat lo ae* Henry, ambarkad 
 in a flaherman'a tniack, and arrlvrd al 
 Dover, where Wolaey, informed of bia move- 
 menta, waa in waiting to conduct him to 
 the raatia (*■) llanry arrived in the interval 
 aj an hour, and, embracing hia nephew, 
 apent the greater i^art of the evening with 
 him ( on the morrow they left for Canlar- 
 bury, where the Archblabop reoalveJ them 
 at the bead of hia dergy, and aflar hatrlng 
 communioaud at High If aia, they dapoaited 
 Ihair ufhrloga at iha ekiina of 8t. Tboniaa.(i) 
 Wolaey, wboai Cbarlaa oourtad, aaemed 
 not a lltila aatonlebad at thia anajipaotad 
 arrival t it waa, howevar, at a latar period 
 dia«ovarad that tha amparor, by tottaia 
 patent, datad Conpoetella, igtb March, 
 1690, had peomiaad tha cardinal tha 
 wealthy aa* of Badi^|o*,(i) two montha after 
 
 (•) Artlclea paw ranlre-ma dn Bol da 
 Franca at d'Haarl Vlli., Boi d'Analelerra, 
 aoe aa il aa Oamp t» Draa d'er, arte d'Ardrea. 
 -Bibl. d« Hoi. Ml*, da la Maia, eonaailler 
 an Pailemeot de Oi|oa. 
 
 (>) Mymer. XIII.. 767. ArckMd.. VI., INO. 
 
 (•) Soma lurioaa detaila raepeisting tha 
 ckaractae of Chaxlea can be aeen lu the d«> 
 
 ruehea of Sir R. Wiaalleld and •ateaUi. 
 ted M March, 15ia.-liS8. Ooit. Ualba, 
 B. VII^ II. 
 (fc) Tyller. 
 
 Ungard. 
 
 ■*f- 
 
 85- 
 
 Jbifta dc Tko|nw. 
 
'.ng\»n4, a ?m( plain, 
 U4 tilt ih4 e<>nfbr«ii<<« 
 »>f ttticM. TIm rarrflMl 
 • pMMiial aitondanM ot 
 
 «*ll M th« iirinrva •nd 
 ulaud Iha ilitianra bf 
 
 wtra In ba Mparawil, ih« 
 rHir |« •Mpp«"» tha myal 
 lumbar of luaata to b* 
 
 I Ihai llanry and Kalhft- 
 
 Canttrbury, a M|)«nlah 
 •d aa havlof Juai ancbo|«4 
 n(.(*) havinf t.n board • 
 frimi bla bumhli appaar- 
 kva baan takan aa a nival 
 ila wblia pluna and ataal 
 d him to fw a dranurr ot 
 liarlaa V., Klnji of N|iatii 
 larmsnf , who bait arrtvtd 
 
 aurprtaa hia uncia, iha 
 I. On tha morrow, aa Um 
 atttkd and Iha aaa oalm. 
 It to aaa llanry, anbarkad 
 I iniark, and arrived al 
 ilf«y, inform* d of bia mova* 
 'ailing (o ronduci htm to 
 anry arri? ad in iha intarval 
 I, tmbradnf bia naphaw, 
 ' |>art of Iha avaninn with 
 rrow Ihay lafl for (^olar- 
 Arebbiabop taotlvtd ibata 
 la tAtrf(j, and aflar haviBff 
 
 lilKb MaM, Ihajr dapoaitad 
 iha abilM of 8l. TbomM^O 
 
 Cbariaa oourtad, aaa m ad 
 olabad at ihia anaapaetad 
 bowrrar, at a later period 
 
 tha tnparor, by hrtlan 
 [^npoatfOa, sgib March, 
 laiaad tha owdinal tha 
 i«di^t,(i) two roontha aflar 
 
 aw I'attlra'ma dn Bol da 
 irf VIII., Boi d'AnjIalarr*, 
 f «« thmp d'of . Bi^a d'Ardraa. 
 MM. da la Mara, eonaaiUar 
 O4oa. 
 
 III., 767. Arckael.. VI., IW. 
 iooa dataila raapaettaf Iha 
 kilaa can ba aaaa lit Iba da- 
 R. Wiaaflald and MmUI. 
 , IftU—Mga. Coll.. Ualba, 
 
 [ka|iM. 
 
 Lir* nr HBHtv viit. 
 
 bla vlall In l<:nglaad. What ihaa b«d 
 iranapirad lialwaan Cbatlaa and iha ml- 
 niatcr t tha eourtlara, wImi ba*! a«l«4 •« 
 apiaa, bail baan mucib alriirb wtib iha 
 friandly lona In which iha •ra|iamr pon. 
 Taraad alih Wolaajr. flaJllog bim bla "vary 
 daar fHand." Joy waa ilapietad n« Iha 
 aartltnal'i rountananra, and il waa nolaad 
 abma<i that i.'hatiaa ba<i for^Aaily prumiaad 
 bim tha ilara i(*) il waa ala<i atalail, and 
 with parfaot truth, that In rawar<l fur iha 
 aarvtoaa that ha bad angag^.l lu randar tha 
 ampavttr, bla annual panaion <«aa Inoraaaad 
 by Iha aildlllon of 7.<M)U diicalat^j 
 
 It waa ramarkad that tha eardinal, on 
 laavtag CbariM aflar ona «# Miair (irtvala 
 Intanriawa, glanrtd wMh m«t*h dadRht al a 
 brilliant of il.j Aral watar, takan. It araa 
 aald, fVom tha crown of a eaeiqua of 
 Mtiiro, and prcaantad by ('barlaa to 
 Wolaay. Tha M|>anlarda raapaeifully mada 
 way for tba cardinal, and wara daltuhtad «n 
 pareaivlnir (^barlaa'a countananoa radiant 
 with joy, thua aTinoing ut bla suilo tial ha 
 waa pUaaad wUh tba bargain ha had juti 
 atniek with Wolaay.(*) Aflar a briaf 
 aojotirn In England, tha young amparsr 
 awbarkad for flandara. On iha day ha 
 laft, Hanry, Kalharina, Wolaay, anJ mora 
 tbMi 4,000 gaMtlaman, not Ineladlng tba 
 aulia of aithar tha oardloal or tba Duka of 
 Roffblk, Miiad for Galaia.(<) Hanry waa 
 Moompanlcd by Hall, Baeordar of London, 
 who waa t« inaart In bia diary tba variova 
 laddanta eonnaetad with tba Toyagai(«) 
 Jobs Baatall and Clamant UmMatoii, who 
 van to drrorata tba calling of Mm banqaat 
 ball. Maaiar Barclay, tha Blaak Monk, 
 tiM trrnaktor of the " Ship of Fooia," 
 itlonad by Wolaay lo fUmlah 
 
 (a) RoharlaoB. 
 (*) Tytlar. 
 (a) Tytlar. 
 (4) 1>tlar.— f 
 
 - WiA ragatd (e Iba hlarHaw al 
 Atdraa, ^lur orMaal lallaia ara allll la ailat* 
 aaea al iha Britiah ; luaatrn :— (I ) Prom Sir 
 Thamaa Bolaya to Wiriaay. M8t. Coll.. Cal., 
 D. VII., 104. (S) Proa Sir BIrkaid Wing- 
 iaid. ISlb April, 13M>. MSB. Ootl. Cal. 0- 
 Vli., 310. (a) Prom fir Richard Wiagaeld 
 to Hanry VIII., 7lh May, MBil. Coll.. Cal., 
 D. VII., 915. (4) Prom lir Rkdwrd Wina. 
 flald to Wolaay. ISik May. MW. Call.. Cal. 
 
 D. vii^nc 
 
 f*) Tba Ohronielaa of Calaia nadar Ktafi 
 Hawy VII. ukI Hanry VIII., nniil iha yaar 
 ' IMO^ by t. a. MidM>ia.>-Tainar. 
 
 hialnrloal Inrldanta, appllfahta to tba araa* 
 mant of tha building and iKa ban^'ial 
 hall. ' ) Prancta had urdarad Patraae lu kaap 
 an aiact journal of iha royal faalival, 
 wLlla Plauraiigva waa In thairh iba pr<>« 
 caadinga.C*) an<l ha |>art'ormad bla laak aa • 
 trua poat. Hall aitalUd In tha arabliaa- 
 lura, which WM In tvary way worthy af 
 Turri|ian<> l Fiaurangaa, afiar iha maiinaf 
 »( iha Plamlah •obmil, baa curraiiilf akatahad 
 Iha phyatugnumy ul hia charactara i— 
 
 (' ) Tha Chrmilcla nf Calaia. In Iha ap> 
 P'iiiIk III ihia wiirk ara wvaral liilart tttm 
 Wolaay to llanry Vlli. "Tha moai <^rlaua 
 itiM'uniani la thai i^onulnitif iba ' urdonaaaoaa 
 fur Iha ait' !<ti>ra aa<< luard t'f Calaia,' 
 whirh, aciotuina lo Mr. NliTiula, furm • pnrilun 
 of ikiaa '(ood, anclxni, anil aiaa law*,' Ihat 
 Iha romoilaalaiiara, in \Mtt, fixind •« bava baaa 
 nrRl*) lad. Tha ofanlng of Iha iralaa, whlob 
 ltM)k plara al flva, waa iTona am-uralaly by iha 
 
 Erxacribad form, aa alau th* rloalng) and Iha 
 •ya, un brinn brotiahi lo Iba kluf'allaulanaal, 
 wara urdarad lo b<> kapl la a chaat. wblrh waa 
 lo b« naar iba llautananl'a bad. Ify>t tarurlly 
 durina tha niakl. iha ta-oul-walrb wara r<>«< 
 
 rllad lo clrcnmambulala iha walla of lk« 
 an, wblla iha alaad-walih guardad iha Ul> 
 tarlor. Tha caalla waa liilrualad lo Ibo guar* 
 illanablp ot Iba cllliaiii, and lo kaap iham lo 
 Ihair duly a guard uf Inapaciiun waa Inalllulad, 
 who wara eommandad lu watch than. Tha 
 duUaa raquiiad of ihla laiiar rii^^d ara ait. 
 nuUlr daUllcd, and Iha fullowlng wara Iha 
 puniahmanU iiifllotad un iba aanilpala found 
 alaapiag at Ihair poat:— And if any of ika 
 aforaaaid gtiard of Inapaotbm And a man of iha 
 alaad-watch alaaptng ikrica during ona night, 
 and apprahand nim In Iba act, na mual ha 
 taken Iba following morning hafora Iha king'a 
 govamor, or any Mka mamDar of Ika ootmeil, 
 wharaon thoy will oommaad iha aub gwaraor 
 to hava Ika dalln^uanl put Into a baakal kang' 
 Ing from tha ramparu of Iha town, on Ihia 
 following markat day, about tan or I wahra feat 
 abova tha aaa i and ha ahall hava with him la 
 hia baakal aoaM brand and a not of drink, aa 
 wall aa a knifa to out tha cord whan ha ahall 
 wlah, and tha aforaaaid anh-govamor ahall com* 
 mud Iba ahora-guard to ba praaani wlih Ihair 
 hoata to raoaiva Iha aald oulprii whan ha ahall 
 (kll, and on haing landad. ha ahall ba ra* 
 eofiaoctad lo tba prlaon halonging to tha m- 
 Bicipallly of Iha town, whara ha ahall ba kapt 
 till tha MIowiBg maifcat-day, whan ha ahall 
 ha baaidKd iha placa for a year and a day. 
 Asothar guard waa ahn InatHulad, eallad iha 
 banaar-walct, who wara to kaan tha paaea 
 dnrtBg tha barrfaig aaaaon, whioh, hi oomo- 
 ananoa of Iba graal conflui of airangara, laama 
 to hava baan ragaidad by tha magialratura 
 with a anafteioua aya." — Monitrvr, lOlh 
 
 (tjCoiUMBt la Hoy *i Pranea al la Roy 
 d'Anglrlerra aa vinmt cnaambia aatia Ardiaa 
 at OhuMa.- MM. Bathuaa. 
 
M 
 
 Lire ot mLVVt Tin; 
 
 ••OBThandar, Tth Jon*. ISM, th« Pm- 
 tWal of VwpM Chriiti, the kinn. »nd »»>• 
 Xing of BnnUnd met wd epoke lonethe* 
 •bout the hour of Vtipere, in the King of 
 England'! territory, in a little village celled 
 Valdor^, between the town of Ardree and 
 Ouinee Ceoile. The king and hie euite left 
 Ardree, atcompanied by the ConeUble car* 
 tying a neVed eword before him j then ceme 
 the grand equire with thi. royal ewonl ome- 
 mentedwith g..ld/fiir«rf««*athliBide» and 
 behind them walked the King of Navarre, 
 the Dukee of Alen9on. Lorraine, and 
 Veiuloame ; CoroUe andSeigneun de Guiae. 
 Laval and Leuctray, Orval, U Trimoulle 
 and Saint fill ( the Marahalaand Seigneura 
 4m Cbabannea, Cbaetillon, L'Eacun, ant 
 Daaparrant, grand maatar i the Prinoea of 
 Sdche-toixYon, Tallemont, and a great 
 Biuuber ot other koluhta and lorda richly 
 VMtad and aoeoutied in gold cloth mounted 
 milMinea rUhly capariaoned. Then foUowad 
 the bowttten with goM quiveta. The king 
 jna ntoaatad or a horae of flag mettle, wad 
 «»» draaaed in d«<:.h of f^M, with a gold 
 Wfentlaibiekly atudded with pmndua atooM. 
 Tfha tnMDpateni, lifutboye, the heraldr, 
 imd kiDga>al«anBa, marohad neat hi* •■•>• 
 laaty with ihair bannera flovaing in the 
 «iri Moan^oyr Nomandy. tod Bretegna, 
 h«n^»«»-arma. Th* Caidinvla > Boiiqr* 
 ^«ha lagRta is Fnac*>) Bourbon, Albret, 
 Lorraine, and akveral biebopa and'inelatea, 
 •• clao t)ia Papal amfjaaaad^r, aa w^l u 
 ttak of^tiM King oif Bpain^ were ia the 
 Mlg'a co«t|iaDy. and tbay procawJed mtil 
 i^ duD«tiigb to Val^ot^to iaj^t #)i«nbe 
 .tbay wen aU««Wtff.sMNMi^ no falrtliif. 
 ' A»d on tiM otlher aldn of the towa_ «M 
 Hut Klrtg of BngliwI, aeeoiBt<inl«d ^ »!>• 
 .li>ukai of Kottii^^iafo^ and ,8u^olk, tl^s 
 -aia*qt:iaof Dnraet. tha JE^I of HorttHiai- 
 Wknd. th« EaH Talbot. «b* ft«l wf SfHa- 
 :Wrr* M>«1 Hi*1t p»^t?^Ubv'*fld *• 
 >Bart of Kant, with aeoetalvtevtIaiMa wd 
 lH>wmen with gold qtiiimra, aad iii an am- 
 fifftn ot #b»te aiid |j*e!bii: Th^W^fWEtfg- 
 iMtd WW 4mMd !o • Wi^tl-P^m^' *«•*> 
 da«oMMd with pncioaa atonaak aiad a white 
 ^tod waving in the dlr froniin tta: , 
 On, the »9y«^ cav^c(ae !HHi«oiM>l^^ 
 another, the kinga ' deaccndwA i ibt» (ha 
 '«t^«y irith'thehr ttmittabk^ hiving tteLr 
 '■^timt ittfitni 9:liA yHu VM thM M 
 Mllafl eoeh tlim, wiilb i^ hmd* on* 
 
 eovcred, then diarooonting. they agaid 
 embraced, and afUrwarde entered, arm-in- 
 artn, into a magnifloent tent, covered with 
 gold cloth, which Henry had bad erected 
 in the middle of Valdor< ; and before en. 
 tering, much reverential courieay paaaed 
 betwoen the tiovereigne, aa nrlther of thew 
 would enter the flrat, and therefore they 
 went in together. The admiral and the 
 Cardinal of York had «one ir jefore, but 
 the consuble and the grcAt aqiiire atood 
 at the entrance, with the admiral and the 
 greet aquiiv of England. Tb<9 two mimarcba 
 bad a lengthened Interview in the above* 
 named tent, and afterwanla had good cheer 
 over their wine, to which they invited tbi 
 princee and lorda of the two kiogdoaaa. 
 and their nu^eatiea embraced them all witL 
 great f^tenul lote. and thty drank wlna 
 with the kinga, while the roueiciane did 
 play the trampete and clariuna» hautboyi, 
 fifea, and other inatnuBenlBi ao that tt 
 aeemadaaif it waa apahkUao, and at night, 
 fall the add kinga. vriacaa, wd lorda, aa- 
 Iwted one another in ftMandly mtdsner, and 
 retired."(») U might ba aaid that Wolaey, 
 while drawnguptiie programuia. had in 
 hie laind'e aye thoea two gutju wb«a 
 Ceaa7 Borgia had hanged on tb. battle, 
 meate of hia paleca, ao great ww« the 
 pneantiotta that he took laapecting the 
 gnarda ud aeotiMl*> ^ eneinling tadt 
 tant wen diteliaih <^ a^sn-ahoeaaowili 
 ariJ leapt aiaori . <ide wew poa«eil at 
 •U Um ontkHi te: ytiflekl hi'Aook. «hen 
 a aantinai kept* OMrtUmnt wkt:^ u •la'tttto 
 bdl. konM TC*d| aWdtod and bribed, 
 loedad in«dte;*>and bom riatiy bent fo 
 
 (•) Mobtteenii de la mowurehle ^ran^tlaa, 
 par MMitfaacon. l^ voyagee pUtoceaauM C. 
 iomaaiieueade I'andenne Pre5W*^»ejM»- ff<^ 
 dier. T .ytor et de CtUlaiui. contata ftvetbjho. 
 graphio dcai<ua repreeentlag th» Jjj >m^. 
 . VelUvi of the «rtervii*W' oj the M* ffjlhe 
 djiHhof gold, jrWah t^ |«an aculutswdto 
 thoaaii«^y of the Hotel' da 0«i«Mta#^% 
 Place 4e>^Pni>el|e d'OrlaaeP f^J>m*L^ 
 deacHptio^ el U » rtvan. in .the MIW«««^ 
 A akM^of^ iBMr<i*w 4t Asdfw «!M teMft 
 bi 4B oU Oeown nuater wbkk mp phovu 
 M the pabUe v^ Windaw Oaetl^ llee«'Att 
 hiatorbKJdaapnifftionof as ^i«rt.; j^fMra in 
 Windanr Otat^e n»MMi^'6 «^jpieti*w be- 
 tween lling Henry VlU. awl ripm ii,^JM 
 ti Pkmnca, ket^l^Mn Qoiitee avdjAntoa, r in the 
 
 eftha Soeio^ of Anttfnartaaln Laadea. 
 
 . 
 
naoonting, they affaiii 
 irwardt tntcrtd, ami-ln* 
 floent tent, covered with 
 Henry had had ereotml 
 fMori i and brfore en* 
 irential courieay pa«ied 
 iKnt, a* neither of thetv 
 int» and therefore they 
 The admiral and tha 
 had Kone ip jefore, but 
 1 the great iqiiire atood 
 Uh the admiral and tha 
 (land. Hfstwomonaniba 
 inunriew in the ahove* 
 tarwar^la had good eheer 
 9 which they invited tb* 
 I of the two kioxdooM, 
 I embrtted them all witL 
 «, and thay drank wina 
 while tha isuaiciMia did 
 and clariona» hautboyi, 
 inatnuaentai ao that H 
 I apandiae. ud at nigbt. 
 , prlMtat ABd Ierd% ak- 
 in ftMaadly mtdsnar, and 
 igfatbvaaidthatWolaeyk 
 I tfaa progratniae, had in 
 lihoaa two guMU wbon 
 d hanged on tb. battU- 
 laea. ao great ware tha 
 Im took naptcting tho 
 nal*'' *it MciKlingtadi 
 
 . aran-alioffaaoould 
 . . 4da w«K poowd a* 
 t ytttekl hi'took. Hhan 
 MtinMdwiii::^^ ualaAKiB 
 ly anddkd and bvi^ad, 
 kod bo^a iiwiy bant for 
 
 lie la monamshle yran^alaa, 
 t«i voyagea pUtocetauea c*. 
 noienna Pf%5»J*^»»TC»- jNo 
 CtiUaax. contain ftvajk^io- 
 tprwentlwg th* JM >M' 
 irviww'o: tha MdfiCith* 
 »h bad b«« aculptwd to 
 Hotel' da OwMg^Maiu^^ 
 Ola d'OrlaafP M %>I«(L.« 
 
 1 gj^TOB. i9 .ih« ptraefdKCB). 
 ilericw 4t As^ ataa.taMf* 
 n sualmr vwok 9m ph^vu 
 Wiiidaor fiaetia/ A-,»«a» 
 
 tin nw HIKBT Vllt. 
 
 r ioaaph AyMblr*!*^ 
 ^yaistkHiUMtw fai<)«b»l 
 Antifnaiiaaui Laodsa. 
 
 ttle. Tlbatioa eonld not have been mora 
 auepSeiooa in tha lala of Caprmi.(*) Wol- 
 aey uuat, however, be pardoned for hie 
 auapiciona, aa ha waa not yet auflieiently 
 aoqoainted with the chivalrio King of 
 Pranee. When Henry viaited Francia for 
 the Arat time, (both monarcha had mounted 
 their atobda at tha eame moment,) he ima- 
 gined, firom tha cloud of dost in Franoia'a 
 train, that hia brother waa accompanied by 
 a larger auiu than bed been agreed on, and 
 haaitated aa to whether ha ahould priMead 
 to tha rendeavouet bat Mhamad at bil 
 irreaolution, Henry proceeded and halted 
 on tha banke of the Andem, while tha King 
 of Fraiio*, aponing hia horaa, galloped on 
 to a hUl in tiia vieinity.(k) Hall, Henry'a 
 oiBeial hiatorian, waa thera, in order that 
 none of tha detaila of tha ciioumataneea 
 connected with the intarview might ba for* 
 g«ttoii. Ha n«y«r kiat eight of Frande, 
 tvbom ha deaeribee aa ■ prinea of Jovial 
 mannara, a dark eomptcxion, with An* 
 ■pariding eyaa, • long noa«, thick lipa, 
 wida cheat, broad abonldera, and broad 
 fset.(«) Franoia waa tha flrat to apeak t— 
 " In truth, brother and eouain, I hava long 
 wiahad to aaa youi I am certain that onr 
 !ova ia mutual, and I aaanre you that 1 am 
 not unworthy of your allianea. By my 
 troth, my kingdom ia h>vely.''(<) " Sin," 
 replied the King of England, with giaat 
 •ourteay, " I hava not, I can aaanre you« 
 eaat • wiatfol cya on yoar kiogdon, and 
 only came to aaa ywi in folOlmant of my 
 pranriaa} nor hnva I afar. In nqr lifa^ aaoo 
 Ona whom my JMart aaena mofo ptadia* 
 poaad to tovar" and diamownting, tlMf 
 Mitttod ana in s»n, faito tha tant covered 
 *Nh gold chMh. Diaing diantt, Henry 
 propoaed wma addittomd aithelM to lh« 
 ttaaty origtaM^y eiginad. Altar having p«- 
 niaed tiw FMMb king'a Mea. ha euntinnad i 
 -\£^^d f XlNy ^Bntltai,'* than auddanly 
 mpt^tMi * I «w abMt to add. and 
 ift\rtmt, botataM yon aM here, I ahall 
 Mt aay ao» or elaa t ahoidd Be." ■ Pinuiefe 
 merely bowed hia hand and aniilad.(*) A few 
 
 (•) Bymer. XIII., 73S.— Bdf. 
 m Minaoiree de newMgaa. 
 (•) Ualk— T>tlar. - 
 
 wceka before the meeting at Ardraa, flhal') 
 lebgee had been aent to ail the foreigii 
 court*, etating that the Kinxa of England 
 and France, with fourteen other champione* 
 would ba ready to flght with all eoroere ia 
 the plaine of ?ioardy at tilling, and other 
 knightly amueemeotas(') an arcne, oonae- 
 quently, encircled by paliaadea, had 
 prepared. 
 
 In tha midst of this eaclosura were 
 treea t a red hawthorn in honour of Henry, 
 and a raapberry in honour of Francia. I'ho 
 artiat had dona all ba eonld to give them 
 tha appearance of nature i round tkeiif 
 trunka were entwined damaak and green: 
 ribanda. Their delioatelyent leMrta bant 
 to tha alighuat breath of wind, and their, 
 flowera wan ao manufactured aa to da* 
 oeiva tha moat akillhl eya. Ae noon aac 
 their nujaetiea bad taken thehr eaau imdar 
 tha ahado of theaa tnea, tha air reaoundad 
 with mueio of every Und, mingled with tha. 
 anthuaiaatie acdamationa of the paopkv 
 otdlectcJ on the groen award of aa artWtiali 
 mound in tha ncighboarhood< AronaA 
 tha laid waa a laiaed platform, oovand 
 with rich embroidery of gdd aad attvar, 
 raaarvad for tha two queene with thaiii 
 anha. Anna Boieyn. at tha acaw ti har. 
 beaaty, fur anrpaaaed aU tha other maidaof 
 honour iii th« auita of Qocen ChMide.(|l> 
 At ona of the axtremitiea of the arena wMa 
 two tcnta, when tha hinge, on dienoaatkig^ 
 might Npoftt thamadvaai and at band waM 
 two celkin when tha cambataita 
 qneneh thair thirat. Henry'a cb 
 wmtba Duke of SttfDlk.tha Marqalaal 
 Donet, Sir WUlMua Kingaloo. Sir BiahMi 
 Jamyngkam, Sir Gilaa Ca|iel. Sir NidMl^ 
 Garaw, aad Sir Anthony Kaeval. TmrntA 
 knighta ware tha Duha of VeadtaMfe Iha 
 Seigaaun d* Safalt-Fal, da MontuiwaaiH 
 Bfinm, St. MaaaM, aad Taraaeat a h^jii 
 number of foraigaaaa had dto 
 
 S« tSfrf(>r tha Pmah tiflg. trtik a >l«iiMit 
 
 tiflo deciartofc that to June next, the twoUagib 
 Henry aad Francia, with ft>i«eai« eldtt wmU, 
 to a camp between Guiaaee and Aima^ aa> 
 awer all comen, at tilt, toomaf and baihem ; 
 and the like proclamation, jaaaaihd^ by Gliu 
 renoeanx to t»a FrenihaiMt n lulnai. 
 (f) Agnee Striddand, IV.,IMu-«MMt«. 
 
LIKE or iiK:«nT vni. 
 
 to wJtBtto tb» npi J«Mt«.C) The HtU w«rt 
 ttpmdd on th« Uth of Janej .nd »h« 
 •OMBi. McomptnUd by tbo hdlw of thrir 
 iMiiwtlw oourto, occopled tho pItcM »1- 
 IfttMd for them. Kathirint't foot-c»rprt 
 Tn» orn.««oud with v^\*.C) The cle- 
 rioM •oonded. and the two royel knighie 
 mUnd the lUti. with h«lmeU wd viiore, 
 their lancee reedy poi-ed, an.! both well- 
 ■Mnted on ittede riddy ceperHoned. 
 They eelutod the ladiee, who were the 
 tadicM of the oombkt. by gently lowering 
 Ibeir iMicee. At the flret peie, Frencie 
 brok* Me tanoe on hie opp«ment'B bweeti 
 but Henry kepthU eent. At the woond 
 tout, Henry aimed eo rode a blew at hie 
 ■Avenary as to dieam him, but he waa not 
 Mboreed. The hdiee w»»ed their banners 
 as a signal for the combaUnte to cease. It 
 WM renewed on the morrow and the foU 
 iMving days, wiih vsrions ohanceai and at 
 thrir last encoonter, hie graeo'e borse, 
 «ora ont with fatigue, fell a victim to hit 
 Mlrersafy'B lance.(«) To the light «» '»«^, 
 tta cl r ancceeded the one on foot '* See,' 
 iwaarked Henry to Francis, " bow well my 
 Vwmen «gbtr "If I hadeoma of my 
 Bntonsbefe." retottad Fraode, " we eboold 
 STi wi;icb wm the be.t.»(*) "To 
 ^our baaltb." aidaimed Henry, quaiBng 
 «tn gtaea of Bnrgnndy. " my English are 
 DiBtbaoonqoerors.'' " My Bret..ns would 
 ^m tbarn at if tbey were cbUdren," replied 
 fkaada. " To yonr beaUh. brother ; shall 
 ♦••gbtr^ddadHanry.« "Broawr,! 
 AaHaafa yott-'X*) The eombatanta wer» far 
 Ikem baiag equally matched. Henry, abort 
 Md float, rwemblad in Us make tba Bar- 
 Miidtea, irh« widdad witb iwnrkablc 
 Jntwity swords to heavy that a man noW' 
 „a«, coold searoely raise tbem trmnih* 
 ZfiZa. Fmncis, if HaU b« a fsitbfol 
 niiltsv. with bte dmidar limh«, bis delleala 
 
 pMrad a paltry fbot-addier. Ha.boweTer, 
 aeeaplod tba ebaOonfak md oads vp for 
 MieoipotMl defleiMiey bjUa naaikabfe 
 i^lilty. llMeombatBBtabadBCMea^doaae 
 
 before Frands managed to trip op his sd- 
 vtraary, and Henry roee purple with ragt 
 and panting forrerenge, but for hie honour, 
 the judgee derided that the combat should 
 proceed no fnrther.(i) 
 
 Ob the Md of June, Francis took leaw 
 of Queen Katharine, and was returning to 
 Ardnte. when he met on hU road a body of 
 maskere, among whom waa the King of 
 England. Henry lowered his vlxor, and 
 threw a necklace of precioue etonee round 
 Franda' neck, who In return preeented hie 
 " good brother" of England with a bracelet 
 of considerable valoe.(*) On the morruw, 
 Woleey offered up the adorable eacnflce 
 of the Maw in the preeence of their ma- 
 jeellee, and granud Indulgences to tho 
 noble aeeletante.(«) Amid theaa cbivalrio 
 feetivltiae, where, to uea the words of 
 Martin dk. Bellsy, aereraloftheoourtlereof 
 both oountriee carried their roille, their 
 nMadowe, and their foreete, on their 
 sboulder«,(J) Wolsey was not forgMful of 
 bis country snd her intereets. Franda 
 had every reaeon to desire the oontinaal 
 neutrality of England, snd obuined (aa he 
 imagined) his end by engaging to pay 
 HeniT, or bia eucceesor. 100.000 crowns 
 annnaUy, In the tvent of the marriage be- 
 tween the Dauphin and the Prinoeee Mary 
 taking plaoe, and their iesns bdng seatrd on 
 the EngUab tbrone.(«») Moreover, the car- 
 dinal coneanted to act as an arbitrator in 
 any dispute that might ariee betw^n the 
 two netione rwpactinjt ScoUand. (>) If 
 Fianda flatlerwl himeelt that in tide inter- 
 view be bad gained tba ^<mU"»» »««»»«'" • 
 IHandahip, be was quieklj iMjoalvad, far 
 Wolsay.wbUa on his way to Onin^witb 
 Havy. waa meditating on tba ebnaean 
 aiigliiC bon a raptnra witb Fknnoe. 
 
 Frauda bad beatr»id aoma Talnabla 
 p,.^ta on tba aidAWH^ twt fjai w«a 
 
 di«y in comparlao. to «hal UwAtmn^ 
 
 naoA ring wbldi tha P»*»«_«? *"S[ 
 tba fcatifitiea at Ardiaa, and wbieb ba bad 
 
 -ssrdMdfkomChHtosV. FhawUbadafte- 
 
 <f) 
 
 Vrnmar^Han 
 
 (J) Flaiuuiipa 
 
 ?/ i^xHi^ 7i«. m. m VM. 
 
laffed to trip up hii ad* 
 r riiM purple wlih r«|t* 
 BiiRe. but for hit honour, 
 thtt the cumbat should 
 
 una, Francia took Waw 
 a, and iraa returning to 
 at on hia road a body of 
 rhom waa tha KinK of 
 lowarad hia visor, and 
 tt precioua atonaa round 
 i in return prcaented hia 
 EoRland with a braeaM 
 iM.(i>) On tha momrr, 
 I tha adonbla aacriflea 
 le preeenoa of their ma- 
 ted induigencaa to iho 
 ) Amid Ihaaa okivalrio 
 , to vaa tha worda of 
 ■evaral of tha onurticra of 
 irriod their mills, their 
 iheir foreats, on thair 
 My urai not forgetful of 
 bar intereats. Franda 
 to desira the oontinoal 
 and. and obtoined (aa ha 
 id bjr enKaffing to pay 
 lereasor, J 00.000 crowns 
 rent of the marriage be-" 
 n and tha Prinoeaa Mary 
 ;heir iatna being acatrd on 
 i«.(h) Moreover, the car- 
 lo act aa M arbitrator m 
 might ariaa between tha 
 ^B!t Scotland. (>) If 
 bimaeU that io thia interim 
 ed tha 'iteffUab BH»areh'a 
 ta qniekly ^^awlvad, tm 
 a hia w»r to QidMa with 
 iditathig on the ohMieaft 
 iptaf* with Fkaaoe. 
 buatrirad aooM valoablo 
 o^bbidM^ bat wha4 ware 
 MM to Mm* Moktn tfa^ 
 li tlw pnktovoi* dariag 
 Ardna,Md«Uckba bad 
 MtoaV. RmMUbadaflbe- 
 
 laB 
 
 u 
 
 urn or BiiigT rm. 
 
 llonatoly praaaed tha miniatar'a hand, but 
 Charlee had humbly inclined befure him at 
 Dover aa a oourtier to a sovereign. Pranoia 
 had had a private interview with the favou- 
 rite, aa if he waa afraid that a atranger 
 should observe the intimacy eiisting be- 
 tween him and the Lord High Chancellor 
 of England i %SereHe, Charles had s|ioken 
 with him openly at court, even in the royal 
 presence. Francia, though indebted t<i the 
 oardinal for hia aervicee, yet attributed hia 
 anoceaatothajuatieaof hiaeauao. Charlaa, 
 on tha contrary, oontinoad to aot tha part 
 of tha fIttMrer, though ho had no favour to 
 crave. Both Francis and Cbarlsa promiaed 
 him tha tiara t but Charlee had aworn, 
 in order to influence the oouclave, that he 
 iiitentied drawing hia awnrd againat Luther. 
 Francie waa King of Franca and Duka of 
 Milan I but Charlaa, in addition to the titlee 
 of King ot Spain, Emperor of Oermany, 
 and Empavor Elect of tiM Bomana, added 
 master aiid lord of a world abounding in 
 ainoa of gold. Which of theea two ahould 
 ha pralarr Both might ha of aervioa to 
 England aa wall aa to himaelf. Wolaey 
 tharaforo determined to wait awhile, and 
 obaarva each narrowly. 
 
 Tha cardinal bad, in one of his intarviawa 
 witii Francis, warmly defended Venice, aa 
 •ha was appreheasiva that <t would bo a 
 flMttor of attar ioBpoaaibilitj for her to 
 noMia neutral ia eaaa of a war between 
 Charlaa tad VhuMia. Tha Venetian Re- 
 poblic^ ia • latter of tbaake whioh she 
 
 addressed a few months after to Wolsey, 
 spoke in flattering terra« of the groat wis- 
 dom and prudrnoe he had displayed during 
 these negotiations. In the eye* of Venice, 
 he waa Ihe second king.(*) It was generally 
 believed that Charles bail tntendsd tu scorpt 
 the challenge sent by the two sovereigns i 
 but he not only refused hiraielf to break 
 a lance, hut strictly forba«l« his sultjects to 
 ha even preeent at Ardres. Francia im- 
 mediately imagined that the emprror waa 
 iiuincera in hie proteetations of friemUhipi 
 and these suspicions were not a little in- 
 eraaaad on being ialDrmed that Henry Imd 
 viailad his nephew at Waal,(^) accumpanieii 
 him to Gravelines, and ihaaee h^ recon- 
 ducted him to Calais, where he was met by 
 Wolsey. What had paaaed betwaan them t 
 Every artifice was resorted to by the French 
 king to discover the real object of thia 
 aaeond meeting. Spice, in disgaiaa, iaai- 
 auated themealvae into OroeawUi Palaoa^ 
 and the French ambaiaador Lartiehe, hav- 
 ing obtained alt aodiaoce^ ramindad tha. 
 moaarcha of tha tripartite leagno oan- 
 dudod between them and Fraaida, and 
 raqueeted Charlaa to ratify it aa amperor, 
 but that prince dexterously araded tho 
 reqtteBt,(<') without either Henry or Woleajr 
 inquiring into tha reaaon of hia rafuaaL 
 
 f •) And calling the interview e wort: of hia 
 consnmmue wisdom, b«sides fi«( 
 the phrases, your most 
 other part of his Migerty 
 
 lides fiequenlly using 
 reverend power, aad, 
 .—Howard. 
 
 
 Schmidt. 
 
 Lingard.— Hall.— I'eter Martyr. 
 
 • t 
 
Lira nr mmm rttt. 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 THB BXBCUTIOM OF BUCKINGHAM.— 1621. 
 
 ■wUnrlmB at Om FUW o» »»«• Cloth of Qold.—*MKM tor Wolioj'i "»)l»»«'7 » •»»• ^•*"rJ*!lr 
 bZ ir«.WUoo.-H,. »l.tUU,.h.C,rU.o.Un Monk. "opkl"r-«« «• /•••?'r'',''*^\«5?; 
 Mr.m!»d.--App«« btfof. hi. judgit U WotUnliiiUf hJi, and !• emidrainod lo dl« on thr 
 
 MftSold. 
 
 •((•in, I •hkll wipg my ■lippan on th« to 
 of yoor DMintUi" wh thi only puabhmrat 
 inlllotMl on tho ImpnuiaDl pMr for hto 
 teniaritr.(^) Oa tho ownov, BnekiBihaai 
 •pprand Hi eourt in « iMfiiiflonit nwatlo, 
 tma wbWk ha had otrippU tko to. Oa 
 Henry Jokkoftly infolring U U» ^nm 
 detirod to bfing in tht hMo* of WMrioK 
 raantlw withoat too i "No, oiN," nplM 
 tbo dako) "I h«v« uhon this pntmtom 
 ■gainst tbo Kwltl «1mm of tho omtAmI ("t*)' 
 iBMilioiair tktt Hoary voaM hsvo boon 
 plMOMi wAik bio «o«d«oi| but ho tM* 
 dooaod to diaAp|ii4DtMont.(<) 
 
 Bnekinghm -^ ■ tM ridor. WhM< 
 bo meantod bio alMd. witb bio acnfkt' 
 T^fot OM oa bio bMd, diaplayhifr to* 
 mimM0 bin pfaiai* «f Mirioh fMhor»,l 
 •ad whOa riding on tbo drawbridge of bU 
 ooatle nod poeeiag thraogfa hie namerono 
 ratoincia, ambition bod tokea foot hold of 
 the young aobleowa'e mind. He upired 
 to o throne, even that whiob Henry VIII. 
 occupied. He dattuod hlaMclf that he 
 bad enough of rojal blood in hie veins to 
 •ssume Bnglaad'a erowa iritboot fioipg 
 guilty of pride. Ho wae nabappily aa 
 inimideat young owa. aad aover kept hie 
 iauntione secret. Anong bio conldanu 
 wee a raligious of tho name of Hopbine, 
 Prior of tho Cartbariaa Monastery at 
 
 (k) Oraiagor'a BiocnpUoal History of 
 Bogtand.— Dodd'a HkSory of the Okurak of 
 Bmlend. 
 
 (s) Bidm of Henfnd'a Ufs of Henry 
 Vlll.-Wor. 
 
 Okb alone among thooa who had 
 ponied Henry to Arorea had anfikient 
 oourage to exprrw his marked dieapproba- 
 tion at aueh useless eipenee.(*) A few 
 eovere and biting remarka. attend in an 
 ongnarded moment among friends, roeptot° 
 ing Wohey'o ertravaganec, bad been earrled 
 to that prelate. Thie thoughtteso youth 
 inherited a title wrll known in tho annals 
 of Bnglleb history ; it waa Edward Stafford. 
 Duke of Buckingham. Hie father had 
 been eeut to the acaffnld during the reign 
 of iUohard HI., for baring eonapired in 
 f!|va«r of tbo Ouko of Richmond, after- 
 vwda Hewy Vll. tHe wo deacended 
 MM Bdward III. by John of Gaunt, Duke 
 •f lanrasttr and Thomas of Woodstock, 
 Dttkeof.OlowwIer. Deeoeaded from royal 
 bkMd, bo waa btf ovod to hia Uuly chhralrie 
 dMMCiar, aa wen aa for hia fkank. open, 
 •ad goaeioue diepoeitioa. Himsslf a man 
 of pr^erty, the -height of his ambitioa waa 
 to Tin with the king. He Uved in hia 
 fliatta ■■ a prineo, aurrouaded by his varsala, 
 whoao aambor equalled that of the prime 
 ■dniatert aad more tbaa oaeo had ho 
 weaaded tho cardinal's vanity. Hia ami- 
 ■oaeo. oao day, whik Buckingham, aa kird 
 la waittaig, waa botdinf the baaia to hia 
 aoveiriga, dipped, aoootdiag to euatom, 
 Ua lager into the ewer, whereoa tho duke 
 BMlickmaly aaaaaged to apill tho wptu oa 
 Hm cardiaal'e alippera. A oeTaro look, 
 aecompaaiad with tho following mnaritt 
 ** My lord of BaekiagfaMa. if you do that 
 
 t • 
 
Lira or BINBT fill. 
 
 531. 
 
 itipathy to Um Duln.— itii 
 Ht It Mnonno«d, wtlohtd, 
 I eaacUmned lo dl« on ihr 
 
 mjr ■Hpptrt on the ftir 
 fTH thi only puaUhmmt 
 improdoDl poor for hto 
 10 nonov, BuckiBKbaai 
 In n owgnilionit owntlo^ 
 1 otfippU tko Aur. 0» 
 in^oMng If hit gnof 
 I tho fkwhion of wotriiiK 
 \mi "No, ■iN/'nplM' 
 r« uhoB this pra«nMlo« 
 •boM of th« onrAnol it*^' 
 loarjr wonld bnvo booa 
 
 Madooti bat ho wl* 
 
 !• B Ino lidnr. Wboo- 
 •taod, witb bio Moflet' 
 bU hM4, dtoplayhifr to^ 
 ■Mfi« of oolrioh fMhoro,! 
 OB tbo dnwbridgo of bU 
 % tbraafh hia namerooa 
 n bod UktB faat hold of 
 imb'o mind. Ho Hpired 
 that whiflh Honijr VIII. 
 Utiosod UoMclf UmI ho 
 ijol blood ia bio rtins to 
 '• erowB iritbont boiog 
 
 Ho woo uabapi^jr ob 
 [ outa, and Bovor kopi bio 
 
 Aineim hio conldonio 
 gf tbo Bomo of Hopkino, 
 Sartto^aa Monattnrjr at 
 
 BiograpUoal Hirtorj of 
 I HMovjr of tbo Obuioh of 
 
 Honlnd's Uh of Hoary 
 
 Hlatoa, who waa lookod oa aa a prophot.(*) 
 At tho Umo that Honry Inradod Franco, 
 BuokiDKhom oooiultod Hopkioa, who pre- 
 d'iOtad that Henry would rotum erownod 
 with laurala. wheroaa Jamaa of Scotland, 
 ahould he venture to croea (ho bordera, 
 would never affain aeo hia mountaina.(k) 
 
 It came to pata, at the monk had pre- 
 dicted, and Buokinffham, mora oroduloue 
 than ever, affuin vitited the eoroerer, •i 
 Hinton, by night, when the monk revealed 
 to him hia future deatiny. He aoanned hia 
 forehead earffuHy, and told him in the 
 name of heaven, whoao oraela ha pretended 
 to be, that tho king would ahordy die ohild- 
 laaa. and that tho aon of ono of noble 
 birth, evea tho aon of the Ouko of Buok< 
 ingham, would aaoand tbo throne, and the 
 peer left the monk'a praaanco, looking on 
 bimaalf aa tho future rogaat of hie aoa. 
 Hia Arat aol aa ngoal would be to baaiab 
 Cbarlee Kaovot. Woleoy'a otoward. "Aa 
 aooa u I aa maatar," aald ha, ia eonfiueaeo 
 to hia friondo. "I ahall tUak of my eouain 
 Kaovft I of that bo laay roat aaaured."(*) 
 jbovet bad booa for aome time Bnokiog- 
 ham'a atowaid, aad bad booa oxpdled hio 
 aorriot, in eoneoquoaeo of hia bavinff boaa 
 eoovielod of aaveral acta of diabonaety, 
 when bo waa louaodiataly veeoived into 
 tbo aombor of tho oardinal'a NtiBne.(<) 
 Buokiaghaa waa announded by tpia% 
 ovao amonf bio domoa t ic a . who bad been 
 bribod by Wolioyi aad ana tbo walla of 
 tbo aioiilM^ all liatoBod aad reported tbo 
 oonvoraationo of the youag aad ambitioaa 
 poor, with Hopkiaa. The cardinal bed 
 booa iaformod that BuckinghaBB. . ia oao of 
 biaaoctarofel vitita to Hintoa,had iaqidrod 
 if the king would be l<mg>livod, if bo wonM 
 die cbildleaa, and if tin future regoney 
 would bo troQbiaaomo.(*) 
 
 Had Hopkiaa really poaaaiaei any know- 
 iedgs of tbo fataro^ ka would havo booa 
 
 (a) l.apin de Thevtaa. 
 
 V») Lingard. 
 
 (•) Wanaickar'oiataarRegienmgkeouae, 
 00 will icbt ikm achoo gtdenken. 
 
 (') He waa afterwaida iodttoeH to diioharge 
 tbia man, opoa a Mtition from aome of bia 
 Kitutith lonanta, woo leprcteuted in ationg 
 tera{a the ii^inalico aad nlimtivm of Kaamt. 
 "Tnomaoo. 
 
 (•) Voaa. HaLari^dorAohto,, ^\.> 
 
 able to have forewarned Buckingham that 
 aoma great calamity waa hanging over hi! 
 head, wltea the Barl of NorthumberUnd, 
 hia fathor*in<law, waa arreatod, and aoat 
 to the Tower, and the Earl of Surrey, 
 hia aon in-law, deeired to abaent bimaalf 
 from London.(0 Theae were waminga, 
 which one oven lata on hia guard thaa 
 Buckingham might have taken i but be 
 waa ao inflated with ambition that he ima- 
 gined that the Barl of Northumberiond'a 
 arreet aroie from a piquo on the part of 
 Wolaoy, and that the Earl of Sunwy'a 
 axilo to Ireland, of which proviaeo he waa 
 appoiatod governor, waa on aooount of hia 
 having one day while disputing with tho 
 (tremicr, imprudently laid hia band on bia 
 aword, and never for a moneat imagined 
 that hia having royal blood in bia teina wao 
 an nnpardooablo crime in tbo cyoo of tbt 
 aovereign. 
 
 At tho termination of tho feativitiao at 
 Ardiea, tbo duke oame to reeido oa hia prtN 
 party at Thombary, in Oloaoeeterabifo,(0 
 and had beea there but a few woeke, tidk 
 euUng before hie depeadaata Woleoy'a 
 fooliab eztiavaganeo, ud waiting ^ aa> 
 compltahmoat of Hopkina'a paodkUoOt 
 when be received a royal meaaago earn* 
 moaiag him to ooiift.('>) He obeyed, atill 
 dreandag of hio futoro greataeaa, aad oc* 
 caaiOBolly tandog round to admira Ma 
 eaatle, whieb ho waa then l>uilding,-ailt 
 abode for royalty, aarrouadod by oxtoaaiva 
 parka, aad whero he hoped aooa to oajoy 
 tbo plaaani* of b fi»<bunt.<i) Wbilo •» 
 raafe, ha romarkod that bo wao f oll — a d 
 by thrao amod ntoB oo . boraat)^, tb 
 iriuob bo paid no atteatioa at flratf UbI aa 
 ba waa about to eater Wiadaor, ho agafak 
 perceived them, ae if they had beea bia 
 abadow. Bnokiagbam now auapeeto d IobI 
 play. Cn aaeoBdiag the etepa, ho a^^ 
 bended that aome evil waa algh al luiii4, 
 by finding that none of ^ a ttiM ldoB tB 
 aalaled him ao oonrteoualy aa bofbro, aad 
 oa aaking for bia mi^y, waa bitetted 
 that ho waa ahaont. 
 
 (f) Thomaoo.— Voflk 
 
 (■) Tbomaon. 
 (>) Siowo. 
 
Ltri or niNBT ntt 
 
 On tb* monww, the dnka hirw! % burg* 
 to go 4owD to WMtminitar, and not p«r- 
 ctiviaf hi* former tuipiciout-looking com- 
 pankma, flsltfrcd himMU that hU faara 
 hiA been groundlaaa. On arriving at 
 Waatmioatar, ha inqulrad for tba cardinal, 
 and waa told ha waa ill, and oould not 
 gnat him an andiansa. " Vary wall," 
 lapliad Buckingham. •' I ahall drink than to 
 Ua koalib," and calling fur a glaaa of wina, 
 drank il off at a draught, without, how> 
 ovav, any of tha attandanta uncovering 
 ♦haaarivat. Hia graca, aaaing thia ominona 
 •ign, ehangad colour, and inquirad for hia 
 atoward, and why ha had not anavarad 
 hia iMt lattar. " He ia in iiriaon," waa tha 
 repljr of one of the cardinal'a aarvanta. 
 Buokingham now ran to tha waUr^a adga, 
 and waa daairing the boatman to take bin 
 to Gnanwiob, when Sir Henry Mamey 
 CMM up. and aaid, " In the king'a Bama, 
 mj Lord. Duke of Buckingham. Earl uf 
 Uanfbrd, bufford. and Northampton. I 
 Miaat you on tba charge of high traaaon i(*) 
 loiWw ma to tha Tower." Hera ha mat 
 two of bia aoeomplioaa. Lord Abergavenny 
 hk aea-in-law, and Lord Montague, oouain 
 to tbe king .(^ both accuaed of miapriaion 
 or tfiawian.(«) After a mootb'a impriaon< 
 nant, B«Mkingbaw appanrad on tba IStb 
 of May. at Waetminatw HalL HU jodgaa 
 man tbe Dnka of Norfolk, tba praridenti 
 tiw DdM «f Safolk. tba Earia of Wor. 
 •Mlar, D«fOMbifa^ Baaax. Sbrawabuy. 
 EM^ Oiferd. and Dsrbyi Lorda St. 
 iohiU IMawuia. Ktoiiamii. WUbtogbby. 
 Wnka, Cobban. Hacbart, Moriay. tu. 
 Hk fnoa waa bNi«bt to tba bar by a 
 anlianl al anna, tba adgaof wboea asa wm 
 iWMd toawda tha vtmmtJU'i Ha waa 
 
 ■t^;.;, .>(*:■ 
 
 Mr. 
 
 Sy Led tba DaU of Backiagkam. and Kad 
 r Beielbfd. Staffotd. and Nortkaaptoo. I 
 Arnat thee of bl|b tieeaoa. ia the name 
 ; Of ant BMat aovaiai^ Uag. 
 
 •^■AZBBraaaa. 
 Tba poet ia kia play of Henry VIII. aalaU 
 Ihe fhU of BaUuagkam in BMMt admirable 
 oolonia. 
 
 (k) Ooltfai'B Peerage. Aber ga vw m y had 
 ■aniad Maiy Slafford, dau^ter of the Dnka 
 of Buekiagkam. 
 
 (•) Thia criaM waanat paaiakabla by deatt 
 bat fw the eeaflaeatka of tba fmpar^ of tka 
 
 accuaed of having demanded oiimlnal pre* 
 diotiona from the prior i*f the Cartbviiau*. 
 — 'of having corrupted, or uf having at* 
 tempted to corrupt, by bribea, the Adtlity 
 of the aervante of the crown. — i>f haviog 
 threatened to etab the king, if Henry aent 
 8ir Willium Bulroer to prieon i and io caae 
 of tha aovereign'j death, awearing that he 
 would aend Woleay and Sir Thouiaa Lovell 
 to tbe •oaffu!d.(') 
 
 Tbe duke replied in hia defence, that the 
 chargee. even if proved, would not amount 
 to high t.eaaon. Whereon, the Attorney* 
 General inaieud that if the king had died, 
 high traaaon would undoubudly bare been 
 committed i and that the hypotheeia of hia 
 death ah>ne waa a homicidal thought, and 
 therefore puniahable with the penally of 
 high traaaon. Buckingham endeavoured 
 to refute tbie argument, but without auo- 
 ceee. whereon he inquired fbr tbe proofb of 
 bia guilt. SirOilhart Perk^ a pricat. 
 and ataward of bia bouaebold, De la Court, 
 bia own eonfaeLor. and bia coaain. Charlaa 
 Knavat. peraona entirely dependant on bia 
 charity for tbair aabaietonca, ware called. 
 Parke depoaad on oatb that tba duke had 
 attompud, oMira than once, to oormpt tba 
 royal privy guard t that ha had bonght 
 robaa embroidered with gold aad ailvar for 
 £300 or £400^ with which he bad bribed 
 aooM gentlemen t and that be bad recently 
 praeantad Sir Bdward Navilla with a aatin 
 doublet, for tha aaaa guUty object (<) 
 Tba priaat attmad tbrt be waa aware that 
 Baakingbam bad bad frequent intorviewa 
 with Hapkina, who bad promiaed him tha 
 crown. Knavat awore that tba duke had 
 dacbved that ha would, in caae of Bulmer'a 
 being aent to priaon. demand an audience 
 af Uaary and plunge hie dagger into hia 
 btoaat, aa bia fitbar would have dona to 
 Riohard III., had that tyrant granted bim 
 an interview at Saliabiny.(i) While the 
 dapoaitiona were baing taken, Buokingham 
 waa taken, to ))repBra bia defence, to a 
 bonaa known by lixa name uf PmndiH, 
 whauca he waa again brought before bia 
 judgea. Tha Dnka of Norfolk aroee on 
 hia antranca, and, with his ^aa llUad with 
 
 I 
 
 Biiliab Mnwam. M8S. Harl.. Ml. 
 MSB. Harl.. 70-72. 
 
Umandeii oiimlnal 
 ior ttt th« Carthwjiaui, 
 >i«d, or of htkv'tng at* 
 
 by brlbM. (ha Adrlity 
 iha erawn, — i>f havioK 
 he kinn, if Henry a«nt 
 ' to priaon i and in caa« 
 leaih, awearinK that ha 
 
 and Sir Thouiaa LovcU 
 
 in hia dafiinea, that tb« 
 tvad, would not amount 
 Vharaoo, tha Attorney- 
 at if the king bad died, 
 undoubtedly bare been 
 at tba hypotbeaia of bia 
 lonloidal thought, and 
 la with the penally of 
 ekioffbam endeaTonred 
 nant, but without auo- 
 iquiied fbr tha proofb of 
 Ibert Perk^ a prieat, 
 bouaebold, De la Court, 
 and hia coualn, Cbarlea 
 itirely dependant on hit 
 nbeiatenca, ware called. 
 Mth that tha duka had 
 lan onoe, to oorrupt tha 
 ( that he had bought 
 with gold and ailver for 
 h whieh be had bribed 
 and thftt he had recently 
 raid NeTille with a aatin 
 auM guilty obJeet(<) 
 I tbH ha waa aware that 
 had frequent iaterviewa 
 1 had promioed him tha 
 arore thai tha duka had 
 mid, in oaae of Bulnwr'a 
 in, demand an audienre 
 inge hia dagger iniA hia 
 lar would bare dona to 
 tha* tyrant granted him 
 ialiabin]r.(i) While the 
 eing taken, Buckingham 
 «para hia defence, to a 
 liie nama of PmrmdUt, 
 gain brought befma hia 
 ka of Norfdk aroae on 
 with hia 9«a flUad with 
 
 Ui. MSB. Hail.. Ml. 
 70-72. 
 
 Vin or MBNIIT Till. 
 
 taara. pronounced the falal word " ChUltf /" 
 "QiitUyl" r<>|ieated Buckingham, looking 
 at bin Jiidgee. " Ouiliy of high treaeon, 
 my Lord of Norfolk I I a traitor I No i it 
 ia not eat What mockery I what cruel 
 mockery I But I do not acouae you. my 
 lords ; and may Ood pardon you aa I now 
 iinccrely do." A mournful and |ii-.ei)ua 
 ailencc reigned throughout the hall, which 
 waa broken by one of tha lorda auggeating 
 an app al againat their deoieion to the 
 royal clemency. "Yee, my lorde," re. 
 Joined Buckingham, "the king ia ncKiful 
 I know t but to crave my pardon would be 
 to diabonour me in the eyea of my enemiea. 
 I would prefer death ; but never will I 
 humble myaelf. Adieu, my lorda. and 
 pray for me."(*) On giving utiaranoa to 
 the above remarka ha looked calmly at the 
 aic held before him by the aerjeant, rnd 
 which wna then glittering in the aan.(k) 
 On re-entering the bark to latnm to tha 
 Tower, Sir Tbomaa Lovell reepeetfnlly 
 requeeted Buckingham to take hie eeat on 
 a velvet cuahion. " No, no i" waa the pri- 
 eoner'e reply. " I waa the Duke of Buck- 
 ingham yeaterdaj; hut to-day 1 am only 
 Edward Stafford, a poor creature, deeerted 
 by every body." Tha acaffold waa erected 
 a few dayt after, and Buckingham aacended 
 it without even changing colour. Tha 
 crowd who witnreaed the execution could 
 with difficulty withhold the tribute of their 
 ' teara and eolia. Before laying hia head 
 on tha fatal block, tha duke ag^n proteated 
 hia ini^ocence, and reoommendad himaelf 
 to tha prayera of thoae preaant. " May 
 God have mercy on hia aonl," axclaima 
 one of the old cbronieleret "for ha waa a 
 wiae and noble prince, and tha mirror of 
 oourteay.'X") Tuua fell Henry'e aecond 
 victim, the irat in obedience to hia fathet'a 
 commanda en hie death -bed, tha aeoond ia 
 •eeordanee with Wolaej'a wiah. 
 
 The cardinal had imagined that hf would, 
 by Burkingham'a deatb.atlfle theopiiaaitioa 
 of the ariatocracy ; the monarch, tha 
 fright be felt al the very idea of a pretender. 
 
 (a) ttaiben alleia kann ich, abar 
 araiedrigen, kann ieh niclit— Rotx. 
 (k) Tytler. 
 (•) Yearbook.IlilaTyTerai.l3U«u7VUI. 
 
 We ahonid, indeed, be delighted, were it in 
 our power, to clear the cardinal of Bucking- 
 ham'! blood, but that ia impotiible. If 
 Woliey did not command the murder. h« 
 at leut permitted it j and Tacitus, as tha 
 reader ia aware, denounces the shedder of 
 innocent blood, and thoea who permit it to 
 be shed, as equally guilty. His pumah* 
 meet waa not far off. " Do von observe," 
 asks the poet Roy. " those two angela of 
 Satan who are aupporting Wolsey's shield t 
 The red man has for hia anna aiz axa% 
 stained with the blood of Enghind'e beau- 
 tiful swan.'X"") Cbarlea V.. on hearing of 
 BucKingham's death, exolaimad, that tbo 
 buteher's dog had killed tha flneat boak i« 
 all Bngland.(«) Henry'e oonecienca Rwro 
 him no paoca i and, aa an aet of raparatioa, 
 he recalled Sir Edward Neville, whom ho 
 had baniahed from court aa eno of Buek* 
 ingham'a aceomplieea, received Lord Abe»> 
 gavanny, the duke'e eon-in-law, into bio 
 friendship, and restored a portiaa of tho 
 victim'a oon6acated property to hia aoa.0 
 Tha Ducheee of Buckingham did not king 
 anrvive herhuaband. Knevetand Hopkiiw 
 alao died ahortly after the execution, being 
 evidently atmck by tha hand of Ood.(«) . 
 
 (<) Oi Iba prowde cardbul this is the sheMf 
 Borne np bet wene two angels of Salhaoi 
 The sixe bloody axee in a bare felda 
 Sheweth the cruelly of the red msn, 
 Which halh devoured the beautiful swalU 
 
 (•) Charlee V. ia said to have remarked that 
 the balohei'e dog (meaniag Wubey) had 
 devoured the lUreet buck (BnckioghaM) ia 
 Eo8land.—Weaver'a Funeral Monumenls.,- 
 
 (■) Thomaon. 
 
 (V) Tbem sllil exieU in the Briiidi MnaaoM 
 (MSB. Cott.. CaUg. D. VIII.) a letter tnm 
 Sir Tbomaa FitiwUliaa to Cardinal WobcTt 
 wherein the ambassador refeia to an armed ui* 
 aistance that Francis bad pf«miae<S his good 
 brother, fat oaae Bookiaimam's death eaosad 
 a revolt fai England. The cardinal'a n^ly to 
 Sir Tbomaa ntawilUam ia alao to be eeea — 
 MSS. Oott. Cal. D. VIH. If the miniater ia 
 10 be believed, 'ttckia^am deeerved Me ikto. 
 He wu a traitor who had oonapircd agaiaat hia 
 king.—" Neverthelaa ye shal sbewe unto him 
 that th' afidia were not. ne be in any anohf 
 dkogerons state, but that the eaid late doko, 
 whom the king'a graca oia. good aaaaan katko 
 knowen to be pcrveiaely and evil mynded, waa 
 nowe lately delected of diverse treasoaa by 
 hym self thought and imagined, u wt igali ni 
 the king'e pereen, aa igilMt hia i •-*•• 
 
un or nmiM rnh 
 
 OHAPTKR XI. 
 
 HMNRY AND UllliRH -I6SJ. 
 
 Ulhar't rtvolt MkiiKi Boow.-lltnry d«UTn,i*«« to itttitA Ui» C«ll«<ille Clinriih.— T»i« i«wr(te 
 
 grmttm aurramfifU>nim.~^n •reooni of (h« work.— Th« optnlimt of ■niiaia*, rl»lnr, Mfft. 
 
 i wSlaSMr U.rti#rt mw o" t« -W- li r«UJy •ritt.. by Htnty VIII. P-Tlw ^».rt4« P»««"f^ 
 
 . hTotek to Lm X.— H«Brt't »»Utr lo HU Hoilnm.— TlM Un* hM Um rid* uf A/.«Mr fUii 
 
 •Mfamd «■ kin.— How llcury ImUHw hto grailiwU to Iha HUy Sm. 
 
 49 llw mj noBMnl that tha axMutioner 
 
 wm daUvarinil Bucklii«|bam'a body to tba 
 
 AagtHOniaB laonka in Broad SCnel. who. 
 
 lMfl«« waypad it up in a windinR Ant, 
 
 bwM it without pomp in tha ohunh of 
 
 tMr MoaaatarrX*) Hanry, divaatad of tha 
 
 iMiipiia ol royalty, ahut up in hia atudy, 
 
 ««a apandhig tha niRht in oonaultiim tha 
 
 HiaatdoatafaoTthaCathoUoachoola. Tha 
 
 $u, jjnaight of tha Piald of tha Cloth of Qold, 
 
 ^So had brokan ao many laneaa with 
 
 JhMMk havinff baeona » thaologian. waa 
 
 •bawl to aotar tha Uata with Luthar, tha 
 
 Hiaal aglialor of OamMuqr.(M t^M X.. 
 
 by fevoaring tta alaetion of Charlea ot 
 
 Anatrin at tha Diot of Frankfurt, had 
 
 diaily ahowa that ha waa ftally oonvincad 
 
 Ikat tha papal coaarik and prajara. thraota 
 
 IMd iapraeationa. wara parfacUy naalaaa in 
 
 Miirthilthi FT-j "***^* ■'*^'**'~" 
 
 i««o>i aaaniaaMd by tha apoatata monk 
 tfWHtMnbarff. Whan Charlaa laft Spain. 
 kanMlf » proy to pt^tnlar reroHa. to vWt 
 Wobay at Dom and Windaor. it wmi bo> 
 «MMi ha ftarad Luthar mora than Mark 
 Ih^Xa^ Bha could ba aa^y ovaroon* 
 iailh ft fcw cannon from tha avaanal at Valla* 
 /JaM I hot how waa ha to dafmt a monk who 
 wilanmH martyrdom.(«) firom hia pulpit 
 ^ ha hia paaphlata, and who. at that 
 
 <a) BaBiadoTfcogrraa. 
 
 A) A«S^ HtokafLal^. 
 
 moroant, waa on hia way to Wonna, 
 ainiioK a rarolutionary oanticia compoaad 
 bj himaalf. {*) and thraaunioff ti> acknow.. 
 ladiia hit baliaf bafora tha ordara of tha 
 ampira. aaaamblad altha dlctr Oarmany 
 now. for tha flrat tima. bahald bar anciant 
 ftiilk attaokad. not by argumanta, but by 
 ridioula, for that waa tha waapon uaad by 
 Luthar in hia cruaada agalnat tha aeolaaiaa- 
 tioal hiararoby. Ha andaavourad. by tba 
 aid of aatlra, to work tha downfall of tha 
 libarty of man. tha naoaaaity of good 
 worka. and tba primaoy of tha Popo i ha 
 ridieulad fcaling and Indulganeaa. tha 
 anttnt of tha aainta and tha aacramanto t 
 ba ar 'Ud whila founding tba ampira of that 
 mff, wbidi In futnra waa to ba tba InMUbla 
 Judga of all mattan of ounadanca. Ha 
 i/U not mora oompaaaionata to Man tliaa 
 ha had baattto tha dogmaU of tha Church. 
 Purpla and aowrlat oaaaooka had in Tain 
 aaaayad to anaat hia progrcM during tha 
 laal thraa yaara. Ha had laoghad at 
 Uahopa, arohMahopa. tha papal nnaeioa, 
 and aran at tba POpa hloMaif i and whan 
 manaead with thapowar of tha ampanr. ha 
 lapliadt" What win ba tha moat thatba 
 eanA»r DapriTaaaaof twoorthraadaya^ 
 axiatanea. My honra an nambarad { lot oa 
 •ing a hymn of thankagivlng to tha Lord^C*) 
 To f.-iHhtcn him. thoy v -daavourad to bring 
 
 (•) Bfkt. Lath. 
 Lmhai'aBiialk 
 
 gyiSattaOb Da Watta. 
 
 (*) Bhi* fNta Bmv. 
 4 (•>DaWatla. SaaUa 
 
 lattarton 
 
uvi or M>*iiv ▼III. 
 
 J 
 
 -T1t« 4m»TtU 
 n«h*r, Moff, 
 
 ulle Ohnrsh. 
 
 iC BrMffllllltf rniiiwr, wit^wi 
 
 P— Tha AmtfUm pffMiMM 
 
 1 hia w»j to Wormt, 
 ionanr oanticU coiiipoMd 
 d IhrMUniDR ti> acknow.* 
 bvfora tha onlara of th« 
 i attlM dkctr Oarmtny 
 tima, bahald bar anciant 
 St bjr argunianta, but bj 
 waa Um waapon uaad by 
 Mda ■((■ksat tha a«olasU»> 
 Ha andaftvourad, bjr (b« 
 rork tha downt'aU of tha 
 
 tha naoMaitj of (ood 
 •rimaoy of tha Pop* t ho 
 
 Md tndnliioneoa, tho 
 Bto Mid tho aoerouioatt t 
 luading tho tmpira of thai 
 in wao to bo tho infldUblo 
 Mon of oonaetooco. Ho 
 tapoMionato to uian tluui 
 
 do(iuU of tba Chureh., 
 tot ooiaooka had in raia 
 
 hii prognao dorioff tho 
 . Mo hMl teofbod at 
 liopo. tho popol Baaeioo, 
 Popo hioMoif) and whra 
 
 1 powor of iho onponr. ho 
 wiQ ho thoBwat that ho 
 no of two or throo day^ 
 toan aro Dambood i lot tio 
 ■aktf ivisR to tho Lofd.''(*) 
 thajr V doavoufod to brioff 
 
 Saahklottarloa 
 
 Into pUr that anolont royalty of loffta. than 
 dominant In tho aohmila undar tha naaN 
 of AriatoiU I hut ha eom|iMr»'1 tha •yllo- 
 fiam to tha aaa whom iha Patrianih 
 Abrahan had laft balow whkia h« want up 
 to tha mountain to Mwriflco, and bf aa 
 Bot of unrivallad audacity, thka apoatola 
 monk, who InculvaUd tha tUvtry of tha 
 phyatcal ami moral man, would rtoo((niio 
 tho aiiattnca of no Uw for hla own paraonal 
 acta, ilthar moral or phyaioal. Om grant 
 argumant yat raroalnad, by wblah hla 
 adTtraarioa. Brk, Bchultat. Albtrt of Bran, 
 doaburg, PriarUa, aad Aacoiti, bopad lo 
 analhUato kloi— tho groat aad unanimoiH 
 roteo of tho daportad aad tba living. 
 Lutbar, howavor, aaaapod thoir aaaault by 
 Irony, and had tho hardihood to aaaart 
 that a aingia iadividual might ba right, 
 though opiHMod to popaa, oonoeila. dootora. 
 tha poat aad tha praaaBt.(*) In tha pom- 
 pblcu which Lutbar aant Iron hia call. 
 lika flowtra la apriag, to uao iha worda of 
 ono of hia biognpbara,(k) St. Thomaa waa 
 ahaaMMly troatod. Ho tomod that erU- 
 bratad doctor Into a oollago aarvant, flMding 
 OB tho bark and rvjocting tho pithi tbraoding 
 hla worda Ilka tho baada of o rotary i a 
 atrangor to all lofty Idaa* of Qod and tha 
 •oal I ovor eaptiooa. coTlUIng aad wrangling 
 for tho toxti orawUag la tho mod. aad, to 
 arrlTo at hoavro, taking a road flUod with 
 aloogha. aad whero ho wo«ld not Hod ono 
 of thooo paarla. to tho attaiaing of which 
 lUthaapociallyiavHaaoarattoatioB. Luthor 
 itpubliohod hla inooltlBg tiiado agniaat tho 
 ••Angol of tho achook" ia hlo "Captivity 
 of tho Chnroh at Babyhm."!*) 
 
 To havo a right ooaoapttoa of Hoary'o 
 iadlgBatioB.OBO wiet havo aaoa bio portrait 
 
 (•) Soa !>!• lottoia lo tho fcihan of Jntov 
 bock.— Do Watto. . . 
 
 (k) BoaohitiaaoB diapatadoaan do virtnto 
 tadaWaatkMmai. — Aatwart aaf BwUmUt 
 Prim&a Dkdoih— OforatkHMO la pntnoa.-. 
 
 la Dkdofh— Oiaratiaaaa 
 tthi adraiaaa ariailnadaai 
 
 ■seaaallo od ra iaa a ulari nadaaaa Beett.-- Ratio 
 oaattaadL — TooMiadoaaaa oauaiatotta. — 
 BpiMia aaaw oaaaiprtiaM BodaaA. Atpar 
 aaualoUai aodo.— GofHi Faptatban in Ron, 
 ie. ' 
 
 (•) Dia babytaBiaaha O aii a g « aa Bb a».->Po 
 Oaptivato »'*«TlaBM BooMn, pnriadiuak 
 M. L.tta iodbythoatw»boofthahy«a 
 Hoatto Ho<..fO Inplo.— «oo 
 UtanrOaaciiickto. 
 
 takaa alHiut thia lima hy Hana Holhria, 
 Could that cmwn*d thanlogtan, with a 
 largv and flat haa«l, aa tya aa canning aa 
 a (oi'*, panlon an inauli I A monk of 
 Krfiirlh had had iba aiulatiily t«i attack tho 
 finaat ganiua of lh« nitd<l!a agva, iha " Miar 
 of Iha Sahoola." tho " Sorapb of D.^ctora." 
 St. Thomaa, who had a brilliant placa, aa 
 wall in Ihr kal*ndar of tba Church luiliunt 
 aa in tha Church triumphant I llanry waa 
 iadobtad fur all hia ibaologital iafurmallon, 
 aad bo had atiuliad tho divina acionco vary 
 profoundly, to tha work* of St. Thonun 
 Ai|uiaaa, wbieb ba had with him at Ardrao. 
 aad which, bcaulifully bound, occupied a 
 oonapicutiua place in hia library i whitb ha 
 raad and ro-rt«d with tho graataat iatoraal^ 
 and which wara cqiiallf tataamad hy bio 
 intimata counacllura, Mora, and Piahar, and 
 Wolaay. 11iia. tha favouiita lubjaot of hil 
 atudiaa, an bumbia monk* in an obacura 
 monaatary of Oarmany, had proaaaMd ta 
 attaok. Wa nuat viaii Hanry at tirooawich, 
 ooacaalad (mm allubacrvatioa, iad J fc r oatta 
 tha turmiaaa of Fraoeia and Cbarlaa raapool* 
 ing hia aolitudo, endaavouring to attain tha 
 rapuUiion of a writer, aaarcbing tlio Fnlbora 
 of tha Ortck and Latin Cburah to combat 
 hia advaraary, and aa aooa aa ha ha^ 
 paiad hia aBOtoriala, hia volumaa of 
 and quoutiona, maadiag hia pea, 
 writing wiib tha rapidity of ligbtaiag. 
 Surely hie ink waa mora oorroaiva thaa 
 tbatwhiohLuihsrtbrawatSaual Hapt>ilf 
 for Henry, tho nonk, la hii "Coptivi^ 
 of tho Church at Babykta," had created a 
 BOW dogma, whanea be hod eaolodod tha 
 aaeraiBenta of holy order, oztreoie aactkni, 
 aad poaanee, iadulgonoek purgatory, aad 
 tho papacy. It behoved a dieapto of tha 
 oalonnlatod St. Thonao to raboUd, aad 
 Bot to dootroy, if to doay, ae Lathav had 
 doao, waa to doaioliah. Ho naat bow 
 write a prelboot hie addreee, *'Ad Loataraa*** 
 whioh ho plaoed at tha ooaa n e B oa n aB ^ 
 Bight havo boea taken aa tho prodaetioa 
 of a t h oo l ogiaa of dn twdfkh caatary. 
 Hia aged aaothor had hoon iaeaMod, aad 
 therefora, aa an aSeotioaato aoq, ho had 
 haatoood to her defeoco. "Obi wbal 
 happy tinea were thoeo whea holy C hwch 
 wanted ao dcfeodcra, -ainice aho had aa 
 oBony to contend with. Bat. ainl 
 
im: w aimtnr Titt. 
 
 ■.ifa^t Km nn* •p p —wd . w^ eAn«««llM 
 |.ta lUianic malk* under lh« •loak of —1 
 1k,r Iruih, and uruwl on bf hairad fcnd 
 •n|«r, viiniila forth hta vl|itroua »tiMi« 
 •Catntt Iha Church. Woultl lo 0«d thai 
 tvcry aonl rtnovata«l at th« llfe-RWInff 
 waiara of li«|i(l«in, aad r«<i*«nMd by ilia 
 blood of Chrlal, Iha old man and lh« ohUd, 
 th« |>ri«at and Iha king, could aria* lo M«b«t 
 thla unflraufbl and Imploua wTt»ell."(*) 
 
 Ona )nl|hl have aapitoaad that Iha ro]r»> 
 Ml hor had aeruatnaMd hla pan aa wall aa hia 
 •7ca to wrltliiii. m ^U aequaintwl did ha 
 •aam with tha oraA of hia b«« profaMloo. 
 Aaaurwily Braamua hlatMaW did not lialtar 
 apa humiiliy than Hanry la hia prtfaca. On 
 taadlnK It, ona would iniafflna thai ho waaa 
 ■aa of bnmbla atialnmaata, aad thai ha 
 would hava b««a oorta;Bl]r wm»tod In hia 
 otruffxla with Luihar. had ba nol baoa 
 ^laldad by iba ealaatial amour of St. 
 Tbomaa Aqulaaa. Ho bad wallad for otbor 
 Chriatian prinoaa to coma forward aa c ham- 
 ptomof bolyCb«rcb.wbooiUlhtrbad moot 
 irroaaly Inaultadi aad bad thay dlaeharRrd 
 tbtir duty, tha ftrt would aooe hava doaajua- 
 tioa to bio orrofft, aa wall aa to tba apoatata 
 moiih hlmaalf.(») Indaad. had ba vaalurad 
 t* viall Bnglaad. ba would norar bara 
 tall U allra. Hanry loon plunffta in mtMai 
 rm. " Unhappy man," aa If hta opponent 
 waro alaadiaR at bla aldai "do you not 
 uadatataHd bow Ibr auporior obedlaaoa ta 
 to aaeriiea t Do you not oaa thai If tba 
 aaatanoa of daatb ta uiiarod In iba boob 
 •r Daolafonoaiy affaioat trary laaa that 
 daratb to dtaobey a prWal. hia naaler. bow 
 you ■aril— yM. Juatiy mtril— atary Imnis. 
 aUa punlabaMM for bavin* diaoboyad tba 
 prlaal ol p»»aatar(«) Hanry baaomaa 
 qnita anlmatad wban ha conMO to apaak of 
 Iha m^oaly of erownad heada, and of Iba 
 baniUalioua wbiab Iha tiara adbrad tnm 
 Lutbar'a Inaulia. "Do you dara dauy 
 Ibat Cbrialandom bwba on BoaM m hn 
 tonmoB molhar) Bvan to tba utaMat 
 aitranitiaa of tha world, avary ma* bcariag 
 ,t{ba nana of ChrtaUaa iDcUaoa lo buoOda 
 
 (a) A4 ktvm, at tha baginiiing oT Iba 
 "AaNrtiu aapMBi aacramanlonun."— iaa Af> 
 faudU (r.) 
 n*) «Wd. 
 
 (•) Aaaertlo. 
 
 tuhmlaalon to lloma. If that p«war wblab 
 fiam* arriifaU* to haraalf cama ncltbar 
 from tlod to? man, did R<»ma oaurp Itf 
 did Roma auallif Whan » Tall oa. If 
 you aanj opao iha p**** »' hlat'i.^y and 
 conauli Iham. Bui if that power ba ao 
 ■HcWtit »h*t iia comm»nc*ment if io»o!»«d 
 in Iha obacuriiy of lima. Ih.n you .houlJ 
 know thai II ta an (aUldUlird avium uf 
 huaun lawa, Ibal all poaaaaaiun, tha aourco 
 of which oaanot ba irawwl. la l#«ilimata » 
 and that, by tha nnanimoua conaani of 
 all paopla, II la ftirblddcn lo liHioh tbat 
 wblab lloM baa randarad Immuialila." 
 l4itbar, bi hta "Captivity of tha Church at 
 Babylon," bad aaaartad that thoaa worda 
 of CbHal. "Whataoarar you abaU blMl 
 upon aarth. ahall ba bound alao in beavan i 
 and wbaiaoavar you ahall looaa upon aartb, 
 ahaU ba looaed alao In baavan." (St 
 Maitbaw ivWl., II). wara addraaa«l, aol to 
 tba apoatica, rapraaantad from aga to ago 
 b) thair anooaaaoia. bol to tba wbola eo.*- 
 ■unity of Iba Mibftel. to aU thai bail 
 baan baptiaadi tbua eroating a prtaatbood. 
 Into wbleh an infant waa a<lmitta<l aa aoon 
 aa M had opanad lu oyaa.(<) Hanry mighl 
 bjv« rafynad hta advataary, aa Bob bad 
 dona, bm tba Carmal Wnguaga ol tbo 
 achoiria wmtid bwra arlppM bte. and. 
 conaa^uaatly, Bhalton'a pupil aboob It off 
 aa uaalaaa, and fall baab on anaiaot blatory i 
 
 Ibr II waa bigbly ■ r y tbal Uihar 
 
 abouM ba awnra that Hanry bnaw aoma- 
 Mng ■on than tba "BnaNna" of 81. 
 TbwMa. BaavobadtbaahndaofAE^ilina 
 Ocnuruai " * <|nlrliaa I * aialaiBcd Iba old 
 BonNW, 'Varaa aflmw, and I danyi 
 wMtb of ua do yan battara I And Iba 
 paopU alappad tbcta banda.' I taka no 
 otbar ariumanl wMi ragard to tba powar 
 oflba'^a. LotbarMaiitotbnl Mm worda 
 of tba iMtilMlon apply to Iba hlqr. M waB 
 aa Iba prtaalboodi tbta Bada dantaat wbtab 
 of tham dn jmi baUara r Lntbar boMa 
 tba aaraHrtiva, aad 81 AMkfooa tba nag»> 
 livaiwbtabofibaadoynnbaltava) Ulbar 
 bolda tba aflrmthra, awl Iba OMhaHe 
 Cbnrch tba nagativa t wbtab of iboM dn jTMi 
 baUavol" Lntbar bad lidtenkd aad dantod 
 of twnlii^B l iaH hu nn n ba 
 
 W 
 
 
 Papa at apiaoofonuB 
 
m. If tk*t fMWw wdttk 
 to hwMlf cum n«Uk«v 
 in, did lli)in« aaurp Uf 
 
 kr Wh«iii Ttii M. tr 
 
 h« p«||«* u( hiit'ii'jr and 
 lul tf that powtr b« ao 
 )inin«n«;i»«nt if i»To!»««l 
 f (lm«, »htn you thoultl 
 •n MUlill'tli'd aatam uf 
 all iMMMMiun, th« •oum 
 b* iraewl, w l««iliincl« i 
 I unantmoua oonaaMl of 
 r<>rlitdil«n to hNi«li UmI 
 I rtndarad Imnaiahk." 
 laptivitjr ol Um Churrh at 
 Mtiui that thoaa worda 
 i«laoay«r yov thaU Mad 
 ba IwwmI alao tn hmiraB i 
 oa ahall looaa «poa aartb. 
 
 kiM la iMavta." (Sk 
 I), vara addniaaMl, aol to 
 rmcatati (raai aga to ago 
 ta, bol to tka wkola eoaa- 
 hitbfol. to aU that bad 
 h«a sftaliaf a priaaibood. 
 ■at waa ailniitt«<l aa aooa 
 iu ayaa.(<) Haory mlRkt 
 I advaNary, aa Bob bad 
 fcnaal laaffoaffa ol tbo 
 kaf* arippM bba. aad. 
 lohoa'a pnpU abook It off 
 1 back oa aaaiaat blatorjri 
 Ijr aaeaaaary tbat Luiha* 
 that Hoary baaw aoai»- 
 ■ tbo -■wMM" of 81. 
 ihad iba abada of ^Eailioa 
 riiaal' aaehiacd tko old 
 
 aflraw, aad I daaf i 
 you ballm 1 Aad Ika 
 Iwir kaada.' I taka ao 
 witk raganltotko powar 
 ibarMaartatkatllMWorda 
 lapiplytatkohlij.aiwaH 
 litkloBadadoaloatvkiok 
 1 baUmr Utbo 
 ■d tlAMbNMtbo 
 MdoywibolioTaf Ulbor 
 min, aad tbo Onb aM c 
 tin i wbiflk oT tbaa da fan 
 rbadiidteoMaaddwiad 
 
 
 un Of BsiiaT Till. 
 
 iM 
 ioBOforaa 
 
 •mild not Ind IM laatiinttoa la Holy Writi 
 lianry. wb<t linaw iH« BibU by rota, had 
 not tha altilitMt iliflUulty In addiMinf 
 lnniini«r«lil« toiit horn tha Ntw Tvata- 
 rami, pruvlnn tha truth of ihia aa«<'Binant 
 In a inital claar mannar. " Uul," adda ha, 
 malieloualf , " If you had hut iba U<«a|i«l «( 
 Mt. John, would you dany tha aacramant 
 of Iba holy tucharlat. baisauaa St. Joho 
 mahaa no nMnilun of it* inalitutlon t With- 
 out Iradliiun you ara not eartatn that thara 
 U ono coapal aiunt. I( tha CUumb had 
 aot told ua that tha Ooapal of Ht. John 
 waa tha Goapal of Ht. John, wa ahoulil not 
 bava known that It waa iha work uf tha 
 apoatia, fur wa wtra . ot aUudinM by hia 
 aida whan ha wrou It. Why, than, do you 
 not baliava iba Churoh whan aha lalla you, 
 ' Tkb la what Jaaua Chriat haa dona i ihaaa 
 aro Iba tooraaianlt ha haa inaiiluta«l t thia 
 ia wbal tha apoatlaa bava traaamttiad to 
 oa i' aa you balWra whan aha aaya. ' Tbia la 
 wbat St. Maithaw or bt. Marb baa 
 ralatad.' » 
 
 Tba monk waa principally indahud for 
 bla ealabrlty to iha atraofa atyla ba had 
 adoptad whan attaokiaR authority. Wbal 
 roply eould Tctaal nsaka to tba Aillowiafl I 
 "I am woiting for you at Wittambarfi 
 ooBM bora and aup up tha aavour of a 
 fooao." Had Talaol atlamplod to aaawar 
 Ltttbar in a timibr alraia, bo woald bava 
 baan InmMiktdy latordielad.(«> Hanry 
 did aot labour aadar tbia diaadvaaiac*, 
 aad ibatvforo ba did aot abriak ftum 
 onployion bulboaory. but ridiealod Lutbar 
 ia bla tura. Bat Hoaiy waa at ibo aooM 
 of aaimalioa wbilo dofaadiaff tbo papacy. 
 Latbar. at tba oommoaeoaMt of hbi rovoll 
 afainal Borne, aboald bava aat witb a 
 thooloKiaa who irao aot, lika PrWriaa. afraid 
 of aaroaaat or tanor. Haary ropoatadly 
 amuiad bia fritada by nadinf to tbaa 
 portioaa of bio MSB. Moro waa ooo of 
 bia (MTovritaa, bat bo did not alwayo fattar 
 bia royal naalar. ** Yottr fraeo ahoold b« 
 f uardad ia yoar oapnarioaa." roaarfcad 
 Mora oao day." Cor tbo P»po.aa a tonporal 
 aororaiffa. may ooa day ba oppoaad to 
 Bncland, aad bora ia a paaaaga wbaraia yaa 
 axalt tha aalhoii^ af tbo Holy Boa to too 
 bigb a pitah, aad vbicb BoM woald aaraty 
 
 (a) Aadbk-HMgift da Lalkw. 
 
 addooa la aaao of a raptara.** - No, ao." 
 rrjotnad Haary, "that aiiiraaaloa la by no 
 maana too atrong, nothing onn aqual my 
 davotlon to tha Holy (taa, an<l no tannuaga 
 can Ita auffirianily a«|ira*alira. in my opinion, 
 to apnli my aantlmanla."(*) " Hut. aira, do 
 you aot ramambar aartalo artlcUa la tba 
 aiaiuu of r rwmmitir* " " What mattor," 
 ralortad Hanry, do I not hold my erewa 
 from tha Holy Haar"(«) K«th, who wm 
 rrganiad aa tha Orat eontroiraralallat of tba 
 day, and wbom bla aaamlaa. In allualoa to 
 hIa numatoua victorlot, callad tha Lomltard, 
 waa not mora out ting or mon briltlaat. 
 What thow did Hrory mako of hia attain- 
 manU } With what cara did ha atudy bla 
 aipraaaiona and round hia ptrioda ! Whan 
 at tba Ptald of tba Cloth of Gi>ld. ha ruda 
 mund tha arana. with hia hair in flowing 
 ringlata faliing about hia aara, iha woman 
 olappad thair handa with admiration i and 
 aow C<dogna, tha city of tha<>|nfira| dia* 
 put**, would liav* aa«urrdly grantml Hanry 
 tba prainium fm theology, had thtra baaa 
 a eoniaat hatwaan him and B< h. 
 
 Hcary, In the lait paga uf hia apnbify, 
 wlabad to ahow Lolhor and tha Catholla 
 world that tha diaciplaa oi St. 'I'liomaa bad 
 occaaiooally quittad Iha baaeh ufiba acboola 
 to eourt tbo muaaa. Tha tbaoluglan waa 
 Iraaafonaad lalu a rbalorician, and It might 
 novo baaa Ibirly aaid that h: had bomiwoa 
 tba acaat of tba lowara growing in tho 
 royal gardeaa at Graoawicb. aad by aoroo 
 c b aa ri aal proeooo auibalmad Ita odoar to 
 adorA hia atyla. Tbua, «#., ba aaya, ia a 
 raaaa^ to which it ia impoaaibia ibr aa to 
 do Ja aw oa . "than ara ao doctora, bowovor 
 oalaliratad oa aarth, ao aaiata, bowovtr 
 raoplaadant in baavan, noao varaod ia tho 
 aeioaea of tbo Seriptaraa, wbea tbia 
 hUuw(*) hath not rojactad with proud 
 diadaia. What good, tbaa. eao vaaall from 
 a eoataat with Lutbar, who agiaaa with 
 
 (k) I thiak it boat tkarafora Oiat W plafio 
 ba aaMBdad, aad bia authority mora alaadaily 
 tottcbi>d.— Nav, that it ahall poti waaraao 
 much boaaded to tha a«a nt lomo, that wa 
 eaaaot do too mueb bonuur ut li. 
 
 (•) WbalaoawrlmpadimanVba, wa will aat 
 iMth that aalbority lo tko-^Marmoal, te wo 
 raeaivo Aom tbat aao oar erftwa imfmlaLr— 
 
 ^r^^ootoicnlaa, aruditahm^ 
 
utii •* fia»at nm 
 
 T 
 
 MM, vk* HfMUr*lMid« ma^ MnimII, mk» 
 #Mlit vIm* Im •! inl MM*«««4, aaMtt* 
 vfcat Im hm» bul |ii*i >1«fiM<l. If ya« 
 ku< liU un III* •finour of fatili bi •«•••• lilm, 
 lia run* l<i rvMun i tl jriMi •pp'ai t« r«Mo«, 
 k« Aim Io fMlh I If you quota ih« plilln- 
 •8^h«r9. be aj^-pca!* Ss {!»!; WHti *««S l^ 
 you fullow him ib«r« b* !'>••• himMlf in 
 Ui« lali/ttnili o( lb* •«|)hi«iiM i>f ih« 
 Mbi>aU.(*) An auilactuu* wriUr, wbn put* 
 ktioMlf tbova all Uw, ilMpiaM our tkiRtart, 
 •nd frnm lila pinnMW of urastiiMa. Uii||ba 
 M lb* lirton li(bt« of our ('hurcb, •mi 
 ImuIu til* m»^f of our I'onliff '• Iraill. 
 Ikm*. tlogmM, moral*, ranona, ib* flaitb, 
 •n<i *v*n lb* Church h*ra*lf."(') 
 
 Navar did a roatrnvtraUliat, •van (a ibia 
 dajr. win aurb laur*U of nlory aa lianry. 
 Iluw ai*ny iiali||htfut hour* nuti ba bava 
 •pant In Inbaling tb« awMl boanaa of 
 t)rai*a iluilj laid al bia fact from Oar- 
 many, Italy, Frane*. tba Natbrrtaniia, 
 B.iU Hpnin. 'rtia IU*mli of Iba day wara 
 •uppuaad hi hava bail a band in ih* com- 
 poatlion of tba worl|. BrMmua, wblla 
 darlininR iha honour of kavinn «o<o|>a> 
 raud with llanry in bia laboura, yal ia 
 eanifui lo anund bia own praia*. Ha ai 
 inl poaitivaly drciarad tbat tba book waa 
 Mtlraly wntun by llanry. Had h* atood 
 la naad of aaatatana*, ha would bav* found 
 In EnHland many talantad and *la«|ii*nl 
 Ut«rary obaraetar* ow<«bl* of randaring it. 
 Waa ibara any oecitaioa at aaioniabmvnt 
 that tlia book r**aa<blcd hi* «^W wbta it 
 waa rae»ll*ct«d that tba . o i,>; ■\t V' Jaa 
 d^liKhud in raadiag vha lit,' '«">> of 
 tba pbtloaopb*ra.(*) 
 
 Fiabcr, Blabop of Rncbcatwr. waa at a 
 loaa vbicb to admire moat In tba ^**rrffo, 
 tba writar'a arudiUon or aluquanoa. It bad 
 
 ft) Aaaartio. 
 k) Hi* fbllowlnc waa tba lllla of bia book : 
 ^Aaaartio aapiam aacramanturum advaraua 
 Uartintu* Lnihtrum, adiia ab Invivilaaimo 
 Angliai «l Fraiicia raga at domino Hyb*iiilai 
 H#nrioo ajua iiominli ocUto. Apud ind*um 
 ttrb«M Londinnm, in •dibii* PyDamiUnia, 
 anno MDXXI., onarto idua julii, oum prl- 
 **l*fio a r*f* iudulto. Edluo prima, 4to. A 
 Franck tranalatlon J Iba Awvuio ha* Jual 
 baan publivbad al Angara, by M. rAbb4 
 ManpMat, V. O of lb* oiacea* uf Baanas. 
 (•) Bpiat. Erarmi ad (iasrgium d« 
 
 iMaw ruNMturad abroad, that lb* pralata 
 b*d di««a(*d whil* Hanry wmt* i " Ibia," 
 aarlaimad Fiahar inih|(ri*nil|r, " ta a oaiuM- 
 nioua f4lt«hiMHl. 1^1 lUnry anjoy hi* «a*d 
 of prala* without any p*Mi. fiation In It/'C*) 
 Albart Pia, Frinr* of <'*i,,t, . oir***** bia 
 adtntraiiisa of 'its y'. i- a ^ .let in iha 
 trii* Italian atria, mullliityinn hia not«a 
 of admira'ion. " V.'i aloquanra t What 
 Uarnlan * What wladum I What alavation 
 of iri Hanry ta ln<la«d a bafo"(*) 
 
 Naarvaly bad H*nry larmmaiad tba la«t 
 p*g* of hIa a|N>logy b*for* h* a«nt for a 
 tranacribar, parhapa a raligiuua. and bid 
 bim eupy tba royal work on parebmani, 
 wblla Pynaon waa printioK it In bia baat 
 typo A imuriar aborlly aftarwarda alar'.ad 
 for Rom* with two copi** on parohmaiit, 
 wblob Clarh, tba B<igli«h ambaaaador at 
 tba Holjr Citj, waa to praaani to bit Holi* 
 raaa In a tolaron a*k#mlily. Tliraaooplaa 
 ar* atill t» U a«an at the Vatican. The MHM. 
 baa on tba tula p*ga tba arm* of England 
 anolrrM with fl<iw*r*. Th* Iruntiapiara 
 of tba print*<l rnlnma ia dacoraiad with 
 ornain«nta Al tba buttom ia a amilt 
 cnloiirad vignalt*, whar* two angtia ara 
 rapraaontaH drawing back a curtain aibi- 
 
 (') 8a«<way. I'ralW** to Iba •• Aaaartla." 
 (•) Naoonay — ComMir* Ihaopluiua of ibaaa 
 la«mad man with Calvla. " Thia tHM>k," any* 
 ih* rafurmar of Oanava, " waa wrtltan by ann.a 
 monk wall «anwd in raailllag i and ih* king 
 kaving baan liituancad by kia aJviavra, cun> 
 aanian thai it abunid b* priutad in hi< nam* i 
 and ikoiigk ha ha* vtne* i*pa>n(iMl of htn taab 
 aad '.ijr't^td*nit« tn-l, k* aliowad it to pa*a 
 uadi ' i<aama for ikirty yaan."— Upu*ealaa 
 d* Calvin. Tba Jtan'ti* M;i<«n McmmmiaraM 
 waa arlalad In two uUfaranl forma al Anla*rp, 
 in Wn, ki adlboa Mi«baali* HUhmii. and r*. 
 printad at Franktirl, Cotop*, aad many othar 
 town* oa Ik* coaiinnL Calvia cun**^u*atiy 
 dani** ika tratk. Baoony, pt«G*aior uf ik* 
 Catkadral at Lyana, publiabM aa *dUI< h la 
 IIMO, wbi«b bsprlatrd wiibaprafac*, wkeraia 
 lb* r*form«r of O aaara k nutapared —Aadia'a 
 Hiatoira da Calvia. Waa llanry tba -Hi 
 autbur of lb* " Aia*Hior" Thia uumlion liaa 
 ba«n fkilly diaeaaaad by Blli«.— Anhwolofia, 
 xaUi. «7-7«, Pvlvdur*Vireil.(AngiMi Hiai.,) 
 »p**d, ( H i«i., ) KUb*r, ( Dafanato rrgia, Aaamt. 
 d*die.,) H*rb«n, (Life of llanry VIII.,) Ho- 
 Un*b*d. Sirvp*, ( M*mor. ) EIIU I* of opinion 
 tbat b* might have b**a aided ia ib« work by 
 *llk*r More ur Fiakar. Whan, b«w*v*f, oaa 
 ataa iba vioioua MHN. In th* Briiiab Mumnmb, 
 it ia impoaaible to doubt tko tkaolojiMi atiain* 
 iMBla of tka ■imarah. 
 
T 
 
 Mrs or ■■(•NT vni 
 
 l« lltnry wnHa i " Iht*," 
 lnili|(nanil|t, " t« • <w1um- 
 141* llvnrjr •njnjr hi* immhI 
 •A)r p«Mi. nation In U.^O 
 rf of ('aiiii, . «|ir»«*«» hu 
 1»R y i [. a , ,iti in th« 
 M, muUI|tt]itnM hit notM 
 •V.'t iiloq.i.nra I What 
 I wladum I What •Uvtlion 
 17 U ln<l**<l • h«rn"(*) 
 Itntf Unainaitd lh« ImI 
 liigy bafur* h« Mnl f»r ■ 
 ^•|i* • rallglcni*. tnd bid 
 oysl wmk on parehnMiil, 
 rM iirinlInK U In hit baa* 
 ■horily aftfrwariit aUr'.ad 
 two c<i|)|m on parohiiKiit, 
 ka BiiHluh ambaMaiioff at 
 waa 10 pfaaani 10 bit lloiU 
 n aa«*mlil]r, Tb'Mooplta 
 n at th« Vatkan. ThtMHS. 
 p»Ka iha arma of RitKland 
 iliiwara. Tha Irunliapiara 
 rnlnma la daeoraud witb 
 I tha bMiiora la a aanD 
 ta, whara two anKtIa ara 
 winf back a ouruin aihU 
 
 PralWaa to Iha " Ataartia." 
 -Coropara Ilia ujiluiun of ibaaa 
 I CaWin. " 'I'hia b«M>k," aajra 
 itmava, " waa wrtitan hj anma 
 hI In raallllnf i and iha klaf 
 iiaiicail kjr hi* a>l*la«ra, cun> 
 mid ba priulad ui hii nama 1 
 la rtnea iap«>n(Ml of hU laah 
 a a>'t, ka aliomad li to paaa 
 ht ibirty yaara."— Upuaealaa 
 
 .iMrWia nfttm tmnumntmam 
 ro uUTatant furma at Anl«ar^, 
 aa Mkhaalia HUImkI. and f«. 
 twt, Cotopa, and matijr othar 
 tiintaL Calvin c un aa^ttantly 
 Baoony, ptacanlor of (ba 
 ana. pubUahad aa adUi<« in 
 irintrd witk apraikcw, wkarain 
 lanavaianuiMarad —Andin'a 
 Ivia. Waa Hanry tha —I* 
 ftiaartior" Thia qumlion liaa 
 mt* by EIIU— Arthvolufia, 
 »iv4uraVlrait.(AnffiMi Hiai.,) 
 KUbar, (Dafanaio rrck, Aaaa r t. 
 , (Mfe of Henry Vllt.,) Ho- 
 ( MaoKir. ) Kllta la of opinion 
 va boon aidad ia ike work by 
 'lakar. Whan, b«wa«M, out 
 MHM. In tba Briiiah Muaaum, 
 o doubt Iho ibaolt^eal attain* 
 narob. 
 
 blUng tha Pupa aaalad on hia thrana, tlKi 
 Mdlnfl In hU handa tba A»»MfH«, wbirb 
 iIm klnf lahlmaalf praaanlln« on hia hamlad 
 knaoa. Both hava |irafliad to thai* • 
 dadlralion bi tba F<i|w, and l<i Iha laat paga 
 ta tba foibwinc Latin d;«ti«h wrtttm* >•/ 
 the s»«M«a»fll!— 
 AngUnim rai llanrli na. 1^ DaaiiM, ■ItUt 
 Moa oyna, at Adai taatam, ataMloMM, 
 
 HaHainva. 
 At tha appointad tlma. Wark and Paaa 
 want t«» tha Vatican to praaant tha Ai»^tit 
 %a bia Hollnaoa. Tha P..pa had that day 
 aaaamhlad not only all tha mambara af tba 
 aaerad i-ollaga, but tha nnat ralahratad 
 Ularary ebaraeura in Roma t fladoUt and 
 Bambo. hia taro *a«ra«a»»aa. Vida. tha poat. 
 Aaraltl, tha Impwvlaatofa, Paola < i.ialo. 
 Iha hiatortan, aoma of tha profaaaof a of tba 
 Roman oollaga. tha ganarala of tha ortlart, 
 Iha ambaaaadora «'f tha fKaign aonrto. 
 thaolociana. aatronomara. and artlata. 
 aark, who bad raai.lad fof aama tiaaa at 
 Itma. thtia addraaaad Um Sovaraign 
 Puntif i " bat othata ealabrata Ibair oatWa 
 country. I '-an anAily aflirm that Britain, 
 mj eoutlry, calWd by eoamographafa Knu- 
 Und, tbotigh aittiatad a« tba aiiramlty of tba 
 world, and aapMraUd from tha continant by 
 tba oeaan. ia not infartor •• aaal f or tba 
 aarviea ol Ood. atlaabmaBl to tba Chriatia* 
 faith, and lovo to tha Chaireh of Rom*. 
 thm apnJn. Pranca, Italy, at OanMnyC) 
 Hiara ia no nation thai can bona* of bating 
 Loibar and th« hartoiaa which thai aa** 
 tafiaa baa andanvoarad to i iwaai tnt a, laon 
 than Ihal iaU oirar which llanry laigna. In 
 Bnclaad. tha Chofah of Chriat fowiahaa 
 in panea. Otir wrtto ia, 'oiia Ood, oao 
 oaptiam.oiMAdth.'" With tha ■annccrtpb 
 iroluma waa praaantad an aMtoftaph lattav 
 from Hanry. whMt nfw nnch hMdad by 
 Clerk and Paca. Hc«ry did not imaffina 
 that ha had yat dMM all that ha ao«kl for 
 tba Church 1 Henry hwl till iww only da- 
 landed Room with te •word I Hcwy would 
 now defend bar authority with hia pan. 
 Henry had dadkalad tha Atat-fruita ti Ua 
 
 tatent to tba aarvtM «»f Romai Hanry waa 
 Iha •uhrniaalva and oliadlant eon e' tba 
 ChttfCh^*} 
 
 (b) Utter k> Lea. X. en lb* Ml|)aet of Uhl 
 AaMKiln. I&'JI. 
 
 HaatUttma |>alar l*<"« (inoiillimaM aom 
 iH«<ti(4iiaiiani at da«ilu«l«« r«>iuin oaeula 
 baamriiin giiiaiUM nihil Ma««i »« OMliailat 
 afltmlala "••^lo aaaa arlillraii»«r. q«iliM at 
 ekfWtUMHm ft'law at rallgl.n.. • aH|i»e daev- 
 mania Ma ai r«at a» augoat. anatiiMi aiamplu 
 poaiaria alo InlamaraU aartanda iradat. ai t 
 aull« Mat aaaranra tuiil, aen <|<iMVla ftmt» 
 aa labofaotarl *<nal t «*>• prlaiAai Martlai 
 Liilkari poa«ani ali)iia karaalm In Oafaiania 
 aa«rtam, ublaua locnftim nohtkafita niillu «aa- 
 almiia daban harl, adao «l (no *a««no \ml»*'\ 
 jiluiaa mmlabawaranl. at bl pfwaaritm ^al « »" 
 potlua Inlumanlaa ^ti4m rhfialianti varitaita 
 iaiii ad iiMliia varanliia aiqua iitandaalU «*%• 
 d.ini1iim umnt aa aa parte aiiUfarant ( airwa 
 iatad ai-alua lAin ganiiaiil<iw naliuiita (eul non 
 nia<ltiH:fii«r agUilmur), turn ftit aa<]roaaa<<(ii 
 ap<>«(»lU ■ aadla graiia aia taiilolulmiia ut cugi- 
 lailxnaa »mnaa noalraa. ttudliini at ani'nuni f 
 dl>*r<ar«mua, kano alaaalam, banc bwratam a 
 domtnlco t»«te. ^uacnnmtta niiMa iUf I gnwH , 
 fiiodllua lollara niianlaa. S*.l cvm aiUlata boa 
 rlrua ao prMgraaaum imbacilloaoua matloram 
 ao mala aibciaa aniaMa M« jim aeeafgaaa 
 vidarawna. at aao impetu baud 'mU* lelll 
 poaaat t nihil ei^ae koio dalaudai paaii oenenl- 
 mua aipodlra, ^uAoi ai doctorlbiie erwdiUori* 
 buaoua biijua rrgul «iria nndl^e aaeitie Iran* 
 
 MMdoa boa erTMea, aa dlgaaa ^ni aerderaaiur 
 
 aee daelararemua. aliia^oa eomplurtbua bea 
 
 Idam 
 
 (krleudtim anaderamnei la primiaana 
 
 « llVl 
 
 (•) itbaaMthaaafa*rla««nSfniu.Pi«naab 
 Italy, or OaruuMnr. ii *• WW iaJin al a baiy 
 •Mi fee the wamfelpaf Ood. *&• itun OMMlaii 
 fUtb, and dua abadiasca to th* OhMMt a< 
 Roma.— Tytler. . •.*»«','■> 
 
 Cwaaraam Maiaalaleni. ob (Valemam ^nani ... 
 gwrtMna a»petionani. emnaa^e pttnclpea ela»> 
 torae ut cbriMiani egkii anl^tta atMenderta 
 ■amlalMMi, peelifiiunMue kan« bomlnaai. uaA 
 cum racinoraeie karelieU^ue llbellte. aoal^a»« 
 ad Uanm aaapliae redire aperult. ladlcilto vet* 
 lent eailrpara. aWdteae mgartnine. 8ed noNio 
 In OiriBllanani remfiiblicam ardorl. In eaibo« 
 Ucaia Sdem lela. et In apeatollMaa eadew 
 derotkMt non tatla adhae fbcliaa nlettaumtMb 
 ptepeHa anaaaa noatrie aeilttia ^n« aniMg 
 aonraa hi Lnuenni. anodve de iaipmbia oM 
 Hbeilia noetmn eH Jndlaiuni, Imueri fukil- 
 ■M. oomlbna^ae r ■' 
 
 ■anotam Remanap 
 
 armia. aed etiaai Uifanil opibne.. obrlaiiMtve^ 
 aCeiia la amna tempne defenarma aa tniataraa 
 oaae. PrlHMUBldaoUi|«nllnoeira^aenMdiaarli 
 aradHlenia fctnram neaiini magti qatai Varnm 
 •aaetltatl dk»ndam oenaecraadamfna aaw 
 duitamM ( tarn ob illalem neeiraa In aaai e^ 
 eerTaallani. turn etlam eh aoitoiUm imtaa 
 ckriatiaaarapaMhMaenfaiB. H n|u e m a d l aa^. 
 tam frtmiitli aaatrta ptarimwa ■euiiiM id 
 Mleabtmua. at aano raaira beatilndbda Jndi^ 
 «• aoBarobentar digns kaMtm t\»m\v%, St 
 MicMaMaodiniiMiaievaleatl Kragiaaaa< 
 itw ONaawlel, die XXi^<aiall, IftSl. 1. V. 
 Saactltatia. DefetMmntaimiaohaa^uauMM. 
 mna ailua Dai gratia angU* «t Pf«Mt»NC a*. 
 
 apartlaa de ^lenairaM. aa* 
 I Eeeleelaai aoa aalnm 9t at 
 
M> 
 
 uwn or BKiiBT riir. 
 
 Tbti Amrtio wu hMihi by tha Po)« to 
 the ewrdkud* and ambuMilora, w'.io in 
 thrir turn aJmirra the royal wcukg bnt 
 none had aeen tha divtich written in the 
 fly Icftf. It vaa penned in auch m^.nuite 
 ebaractera aa to eaoape the Pope'a nutioe, 
 who wta Teiy ne*r aighud/*) P»oe, ac- 
 eordinftly, *JilBg the booli from Leo'a 
 Land, had rcarct'y comroraoed reMfing it, 
 •n hie Holiaeaa, anatohing the volaiue 
 from hia band, read it aloud thrloe.(^) 
 Henry'e triumph wac now oomplate. The 
 Pope recompenaed him in proportion to hia 
 love. On leaving tbe conaiatory, be entered 
 bi* atady with hia aecretary, Sadolet. whom 
 ho informed of h*e intention of promul- 
 ■gating a bull, conferring on Henry tbe 
 title of Dt/mtor FiM, and thua trane- 
 mitting to poatfrity an evidence of tbe 
 lincbangeable affection of Henry for tbe 
 Holy See. The bull waa read in an 
 •ortTMrdinary council of cardinala. What 
 title abould tbey beatow on tbe King of 
 Bnglaqdif The cardinal pmpoaed that of 
 orthodox, another apoatoUo, and a third 
 ■Bgelio,(*) bat ibe Pope'a propoaition waa 
 •eeeptad.(') Henry wiabed for no other. 
 And had even aaked for it throngh Wolaey.(*) 
 If tiM King of France, who bad tbe appel« 
 httion of tbe Moat Cbriatian King, tbe King 
 of Spdn. who took the title of the Catholic 
 King, nenaord the Holy See, Rome wonld 
 bo aUa to call tc her aid a prince on whom 
 A* had coufbrrod tbe title of iV<»wFi<M. 
 
 Domlana Hibemia. Henricca. The M8S. in 
 ito, caK ia noabered 3731, (Cod. Vat.) The 
 frUowini, written on the fly leaf :— Anno Dai 
 ■dll. %vin.vigMbno prime die XII. oot aaactia in 
 
 MO IT et dna daf Leo divina Providaatia praa 
 dodmaa oooaiiaavit nobia, Laarentio PanMUO 
 •t Bomalo MamafieeiAo pontifleia Ubliothaca 
 eoatodibaa. bone libnua, in eadem bibUotheea 
 tnm aliia aaawmndnm et cnatodiaodnm. It ia 
 tamiaatedby a letter fifem Henir, dated flrom 
 Oieenwieh, aSrd of January, 1631. aicned 
 Hemy, Binff, addraaead to tha Oardiaal of St. 
 lAWieaoe. ia Damaao, rioe-cbacoeUor, ia^^iiob 
 Um mooarclt preeeata to tbe aee of Loadon, 
 dMa vaeaat, a diatinguiahed literary charaotar. 
 
 (a) IISS.Cott.,Vit. B.IV. 
 
 (b) X wolde have radde ualo hia bolyaeaa 
 tteaayd verai8,but hie holyneia qmaiam tnW' 
 HtU kgmM, toke tha bdke firom me, and redd 
 tte aa^ vo^ iii tiana vary prompay«— MSfl. 
 Oott..Vit.B. IV., No. 98,0.186. _ , 
 
 Pallavicini, Condi, di. Tiento, IV., I. 
 Boaooe'aLiitof Uo'X. 
 AiohM>LBrit.JtXUI.,71. 
 
 Henry might become an abitrator between 
 tbe rival eovereigna, and defend and aave tiie 
 patrimony of St. PeUr, if oovcted by either 
 of them. ThuB did theae magic worda 
 Dtft*$m Fidei open the gatea of Italy to 
 Henry i and ao we may conclude that the 
 AiitrHo waa both a controveraial and politi- 
 cal work-C) Leu lent an autograph letter 
 with hia bull, wherein the Vicar of Chriat 
 apeaks aa a diaoiplo of Politiano. Tie 
 friend of Bei (vicni and of Marailto Ficine 
 bad every right to ait aa a judge on the. 
 literary production of Skelton'a pupil i and 
 who knowa but that the author of the 
 ilaterMu waa anxioua that hia a'yla abould 
 pleaee hia Jadge'a earai the vain contro- 
 varaialiat wiahed far praine. and Sadolai 
 beatowed it «» Im. Leu X., better able to 
 ex|riain the value of tbe A$tertio, aaid that 
 the Holy Spirit bad inapired tbia new 
 Twtullian to write thie work.Cl) 
 
 Aa a mark of gratitude to tha Holy See, 
 Henry endeavoured to perauade tbe German 
 princea to expel Luther from Germany. 
 Beatleca at tbe progreea of bereay, Henry 
 fbreeaw that the apoetate monk, who thua 
 boldly attacked apiritual authority, would 
 neverleavetboeeeularprinoea tranquil. In 
 hia letter to the eleotora, and to the Duke 
 George of Saxony, among othera, he openly 
 •xpreaaed Ua conviction that tbe revolt 
 would paaa horn the aanctuary to the 
 public aqoano, and that the- people would 
 one day call their tempwal aovereigna to- 
 aeeonat for their traa or imaginary evila, 
 arm aa Luthar had made tjpt papaey re- 
 ■poaaibla for tha abuaoa that had crept into 
 tha (Atmh. He had foreaaen that Munaer 
 tmA Stoceb would act tbuet he wiahed to 
 npnai tlaa Garmaa Refomiera by fire and 
 ■woid, tad ha heaoucl^ tbe electoral princea 
 of Omnaay, in Um name of Cbriat and 
 tha Ghnreh, of titt tiara aad tbe diadem, 
 of tha ducal anitea and tha biahop'a mitre, 
 
 (') OledthavtagbeaBiaetraetedbyWoiaey 
 to ana for a coaMtocial decree bi favoor of 
 Heary'a inak. It waa rafliaed, with a promite, 
 however, that the Sea cf Bone uhooM do aa 
 much fbr tbe oonflnaatfcm of Ihia book aa ever 
 waa done for the worka of St. Angujiiine or 
 St Je(0Bte.-ll88. Gott. VitelL, B. IV.. 
 No. U». Tha origiaal ia adU at the UritiMb 
 Moaeaa, bat H baa bem paUiahod by Bymet, 
 Fatdan, XIII. 
 
 (ff)SaaApp«ndbi(0). 
 
no* an Abitrator between 
 e. and defend and uve tiia 
 PeUr, if coveted by either 
 
 did these manic wurde 
 ten the ffaica of lUlj to 
 B may conclude that the 
 a controveraia) and poUti- 
 
 •ent an autograph letter 
 erein the Vicar of Chrirt 
 liplo of Politiano. Tie 
 ni and of Marailio Ficine 
 to Bit aa a judge on the. 
 n of Skelton'a pupil i and 
 
 that the author of'tha 
 lua that hia atyla ahould 
 a earai the vain eontro- 
 
 for praiite, and Sadolet 
 n. Leu X., better able to 
 of the Auertio, aaid that, 
 
 had inapired thia new 
 I thia work.0) 
 [ratitude to tha Holy See, 
 id to perauada the Geraan 
 
 Luther from Germany, 
 ogreaa of hereay, Henry 
 apoetata monk, who thua 
 piritual authority, would 
 iular prinoea tranquil. In 
 ileotor*, and to the Duke 
 , aniong othera, ha openly, 
 nviction that tha revolt 
 a the aanetuary to the 
 id that the- people would 
 r temporal aovereigna to- 
 
 traa or imaginary evila, 
 lad made tti« P*PM]r re- 
 kbuaaa that had crept into 
 had foreeeen thatMunaer 
 i aet thve; he wiahed to 
 m Reforroera bj fire and 
 Mgl^ the eleotorai prinoea 
 O* name of Chriat and 
 19 tiam aod tha diadem, 
 M ud tha biabop'e mitre, 
 
 t bean inatmetad by Wolaey 
 Eilaiial decree in tkvonr of 
 raa raftaaed, with a promite, 
 Be* tt Rome uhoala do •• 
 matioo of thia book aa ever 
 worka of St. Angujiiine or 
 8. Gotfe VitalL, B. IV.. 
 ^faul ia adU at the UrittMb 
 I bam VI 
 
 11 ri or BCNBT VIII. 
 
 lysUiaiwdby Bymu, 
 
 of all that reigned in haavea or on earth, to 
 pureue tha monk to tha ateka or tha 
 aeafbld.(*) Wolaey, alao, rather through 
 eonviotion than policy, hated tbeea novel 
 hereaiea. He belonged by hia aympatbiee 
 to a achool of olerka and laica, who were 
 anda.<«vooringaa far aa they oould to repreaa 
 the aV/Uaee which the middle agee had be- 
 queathed to England, but who would never 
 have oonaented, though their undertaking 
 bad (ailed, to have been diaobedient to 
 authority. To prevent England from fUl- 
 iag a prey to the reformed doctrinea, Wol> 
 aay Lad directed that hia charge ahould ba 
 affind on the doora of every church in 
 England, wherein he commanded the faith* 
 All to bring Luther'a worka written in Latin 
 or any othar language to tha pro|tar ecclc- 
 ■iaetkal authoritiea. Thia charge enam*. 
 latad tha varioua errora contained in tha 
 wntinga of tha Monk of Wittombarg.(k) 
 lika tha theologiana of Cologne, Wolaqr 
 ioMfiaad that the flamaa would eonanma 
 
 (a) Ad Ludovicam Falatinum de eapel- 
 Undo Luthero. Danieijia Oerdeaii Hietona 
 Befimnat. B. 8. Gyprianua Beformatlona 
 Uikunden. ICappina, BpicUegium ad Acta 
 
 (k) Tho. Wolaeiimandatnm, deaxtradendia 
 II. Lntheri Ubrie. an. 15i 1 , 18 UaL Daoielia 
 
 OtadeaU, Utet. Refbnn. 
 
 bi(G). 
 
 thoee pemioioua worka to which the Wit- 
 tomberg printer, Hana Luft, had given 
 body and aoul, and in thia he waa right i 
 but ha fartlier imagined that they would 
 conaume the matter and apirit, and herein 
 he waa deceived. 
 
 On the I3th May, 1591, Wolaaywent 
 in great pomp to 8t. Paul'a, London, where 
 Pace, the dean of that cathedral, met him 
 at the head of hia chapter. After having 
 been inoenaed, he proceeded under a canopy 
 carried by four doetora, to the altar, where 
 ha knelt down and prayed a few minntea. 
 Ha than want to the eloiater, and aeatad 
 himaelf on hia throne, with hie two eroeaea 
 at hia aide. On hia right hand were hia 
 Hnlinaaa'e ambaaaador and the Arobbiahop 
 of Cantarbury, on hia left hand were tha 
 amparor'a ambaaaador and tha Biahop of 
 Durban. Then Fiahar, Biahop of Bocbea- 
 tar, aaathamstiaad Luther, hia dtMtrinea, 
 and all who had any of hia writinga in their 
 poaaaaaion. During tha biahup'a aermon, 
 a pile of wood waa lit, and into it were caat 
 before the aaaembly tha " Captivity of tlia 
 Church at Babylon," the th. \t, and other 
 pamphlete of Luther.(*) and the crowd re> 
 tired, crying out, " Long live the Pope i 
 Long live tha King!" 
 
 (a) Boaooe'e Life of Leo X. 
 
tin or mM»n vitt. 
 
 ,<• 
 
 CHAPTER XIT. 
 
 LUTHBR AND HENRY.— 153MUS. 
 
 luimM* to Hmn.—amoMy dots nut •nd«k«oar to rtptlr th« tntalt ofmd »« wi«»y. •«» »• 
 ^^^f tlie KiM ol Engl.wl.-Fith« mi4 SirThooiM Mow und^rtok. H.nry. d«rw««^ 
 
 Uthar bff* Hwujr's ponUm — Tb« Klnf '• reply. 
 
 Mnon or 
 ObanwMr 
 
 o( ilMir puaph'au.- 
 
 -DodormJm, tmululm, trmHtdiUy'* w\M 
 words to be ua«d by Henrj to Luther I 
 DoelorcMlw, lo the dwologba who hwl 
 UMMfonMd hb adrarMriM into boM Mil 
 boIm i(^ <— rfwh*. to tbo nonk wbo bad 
 •xpdibd bum hU puidiM St. AnRostlM 
 and St. JflCtnue. bocaoM luithar had aay 
 kaowladga of that which ho calbd faith i(k) 
 •rwUfolM, to Urn who had boaatod of Ma 
 lnowlad|(o of the ho^r Soriptoiea, who 
 Nad Hooti and TiryU, who qnotad the 
 HAnw teit in oontrovmy. and who called 
 hlmaelf the Bcdeaiart of WittembcrgI 
 And wkm did Henry thae innh Luther r 
 At the very thne that the Saxon waa in 
 the aenith of hia glory t when Fmndsberg, 
 e3 at Worme. had atruek him on the ■hon)<iBr, 
 ai^iMt " Monk, m ewml/" when fiturm 
 kept back the people, who were preeainK 
 ferwavd to have a aight of their " Father 
 In Ood," by hia imperial wand ; when 
 SieUngen. the hero o( the Black Foraet, 
 eilHvd him the aeaistaaee of 1.000 eavalry 
 to defend him againat the anarae <rf hie 
 aneBieBi when the achohM of Wittem- 
 beig were burning in hia honour the bull of 
 Lao X.. who had exoommnnieated hia ! 
 B«t Bdt. Latomtie. Prieiiaa. Catharinua, 
 and that awarm of " Pkpiata^ who had be- 
 wildered him by their eontinnal humming 
 airi buaaiag, had never diaplayed the 
 ultra-boldneae ol Henry of England. Bek 
 aaHed him maatar i Latomua never refuaed 
 
 (•) Audia.— Hiit.de Luther. ' ' 
 
 (b\ LttOMi'a Worluk Wittwaiberj.— See 
 •te hie Awkg«« dee BfieCis an die Oalatar. 
 
 him the title of diwtorc Prieriaa end Qm* 
 tharinua acknowledged hieabilitiee. Latheo 
 panted for revenge i he took up tiie pea 
 which he had need againat the tbeotogiano 
 of Cologne, and dipped it not into ink. bat 
 into another liquid dcsetibed by Mora. 
 The monk will have hia turn; he bcginain 
 royal atyle i— " Martin Luther, by the 
 grace of God, Bcdeaiaetof Wittemberg, to 
 all thoee who wUl read tbia littk booh, 
 grace and pence in Qhrtet. Amen."(*) 
 
 He then plnngee at once'in «iMUM#«e '-*• 
 - About two yeara ainaa 1 publiahed a 
 pami^et, entiUed the ' Babyleoifh Cap« 
 tivity.' which baa troubled the braina of 
 the Pepiata exceedingly. May God in hia 
 mercy pardon the poor mieenble oiaaturae 
 their Uee and their angr-l Some would 
 have awaUowad it, but the book waa too 
 tough. Henry, by the non-graea of Qod, 
 King of England, haa written in Latin 
 againet my work. Thar* an aome who 
 believe tliat Henry ia no* the author of 
 the work. What doee it mattor to me 
 whether it be the peoduoMon of King 
 Harry, the devil or hell ) He who lice le 
 a liar, and I fear him not. My opinkm ia 
 
 (e) llaftinl Lutherl Antwoit anf Kdnif 
 Henrich'a von BngeUaad Bush, wider eaiaen 
 Tnwiatvoa der Babyloniaehen Oeftogawk- 
 Aa. 15-/8. Walch^We have alao the Latin 
 «»«, entitnled "CoaUa ileiufewn lefem 
 Aoglia Martinua Lnthema," with tUe lemerk 
 printed on the frontlapieces— " Loage alias 
 eetkic Uberquam iUe VMrnAiiTa "W"«w: 
 naeula liogn* aci^t Wtttembefpe, Xh'tl.' 
 TiM OeniMi text ia, aa Oe Wetle renunta, 
 mote virulent than the Letfai. 
 
LtV*! or HBKBT Villi 
 
 ['• panphtel.— nil laMtonl 
 ■alt offtnd to ttijiitj, M ttt* 
 nd«rt«ka H»ntf» 4«(Imim.— 
 Linf '• rapljr. 
 
 liietort Pri«riM rai CV 
 Mgad htoKbUMM. LmMm* 
 iRt I h« took op til* pM 
 •d agumt Um thMtoffiiM 
 dipped it not Into iak. bol 
 |uld dMOtilMd by Mon. 
 ave hit tarn; he beKtatin 
 
 Martin Lather, bj the 
 Boleaiutof Wittemtwrg, to 
 rill read thki littk book, 
 iaPiriM. AaBeQ."(*) 
 ree at onee'fo «(mUm#«c f '^ 
 aoft aiiioe 1 publietied » 
 led tho ' Bdbylooifii C^ 
 aa traabbd the braina of 
 idinRly. May God in hia 
 M poofiaiaenbU oraatuiM 
 lalr anger! Soma would 
 
 it, but tha book waa too 
 by the non-graee of Ood, 
 ad. haa written in Latin 
 rk. Then an aoma who 
 snrjr ia not th* aothor of 
 lat doaa it mattor to me 
 
 the ptodnoMon of King 
 lor hell) HewhoUcau 
 r him not. My opiakin ia 
 
 Lntheri Antwoit anf Kdnic 
 logallaad Booh, wider eeiaea 
 Babyhwiaehen (Miatum.- 
 eh.— We have alao the Lads 
 "Coatia Ileutenm ncem 
 I Lnthema," with thia lamarfc 
 frootlaplecet— " Loage aliiu 
 m Ule aaeai ahtb uumo ver* 
 Bi^t Wttlembariii. 154!!." 
 zt ii, aa Oe Weila remara, 
 •ntheLatfai. 
 
 that King lleniy, perhape, haa given one or 
 two yerda of doth to Ijm, that phlegmatic 
 Bophiit, that hog of the Thomiet loeki 
 and that Lee haa made thereof a 9tptt, to 
 which he bee aewed on a lining. They 
 ahall aeo wheth*> I am not able to onifp 
 their etwing. What ia theio eo wonderAU 
 in a King of England having written agalnat 
 me r Did not Uie Pope, ma a iar, aa he pra> 
 tanda to b* of hinge, princee, aehoola, and 
 cbnrehaa, lake np hia pen to attack maf 
 What haa he done I I have received my 
 doetcina through tha grace of God from 
 heaven I fVom iMaven and fnm Him who 
 with Hia Uttia finger la mora powerful than 
 • tiMmaand popea, Unga, princea, and 
 &ot%onj(*) Know than, ye Papiata, my good 
 frtonda, that ye oannut prevail ugaiaBt my 
 Lord. May tha gmoe of Ood be with yon. 
 Amen. Let Henry look to Mmaelfi if I 
 attack hiaa radely it h hie own iudt. If 
 n King of Boghmd apita fbrth hia lying 
 inanlta In my fcce^ I have th* right, in eelf. 
 dvflBno*, to thruat thorn down hi* throat, if 
 h* fling* hie M»ykl aaeivniento at the crown 
 •f my noaareh and my Chriet, what right 
 haa h* to ba aatoniahad if I mb hia erawn 
 with it, and «ry oat on the honeetopa i TIm 
 King of Bni^d ia a liar •ind a thief !0>) 
 And on whnt gronnd ahonld I reepaet tha 
 blaaphemlea of a diaoipla of tfiat monatar 
 Thomaaf Let him defend hia Church, hia 
 ■oarM eooflnbina. hia mother of debauchery 
 tad whoredom, let him eing bar praiae, let 
 him hoBoor bar, M him anpport bar. 
 Agahiat thnt ChnnA, againat him, who ia 
 kw aalf«leeted champion and defender, I 
 akiB inMaaantly ww0 war, and with th« 
 Mp of (%ii*l will wound him mortally. 
 Ily dogmaa dtaO iMBaii^ and the Fope 
 
 (a) Deolaehe Aatweiti 
 
 (k) Dean dnnit llelert « alle amine cY^ 
 Itehe Lehre, and edtmieH eehien One .- 
 db Krone meioM KMni der Bhran nindieh 
 OhiiBa, dew Lehre ich habe. Danua waOt 
 ihn nicht wundora. «b iA dm Draek va^ 
 Birinm Herran Krone Mf eeiae Krone 
 eohmlere, and aage flir all■i^ Welt, daw der 
 Ktaig von gngelTend ein Ltoner let nod ein 
 UaUederaHian. Th* fUlowwg ia th* Latin 
 venisni— ** Nose cum pnd<ne et dicena men- 
 dacia oempenat a d ve r ena mel regla amteelatem 
 ia cctlia. damaaMUa potred* tota et vermia, 
 JaanMU^eritpre meo rage et m^jeelatem an- 
 
 EoutUiriera et 
 y i fw ^f*» iatam blaephemiam ' in 
 tadwMMncnken." 
 
 fbU ia epila of tha gatoe of WB 
 and tha princee of the ahr, iha m0k, 
 and th* aaa. They have provoked mi 
 they ehall have war. They hav* daapiaad 
 Mm peaoa oflhred to them) then ahall ba 
 no mora truoa. Ood ehall ae* who ahidl ha 
 flrat fatigued aad yield, the Pupa or Lather. 
 No, no, Heniy ha* not, ae b« pretenda, 
 pnbliehad hia book in defence of the aaem. 
 menla. It ia, iMMaoae being unable to ijeet 
 the venom of aMlice and envy by the uaual 
 ehannal, ba ia eompdlad to apue it oat of 
 MaBMuth." 
 
 Tha prinaipnl argoment agataat Lntbor 
 wu the inatability af hie doctriuee. Henry 
 need thia advantage with bitter malieioue- 
 naea. Ha did not undaretand that apirit 
 of aaaotity of whieb the monk bonated, 
 and which led him (o deny and atfrm 
 ahnoet in the mme becnth the earn* dogma. 
 He admitted and rejected purgatory almoal 
 the aame raomentt apoke in the morning ae 
 Bmeer, and at evening a* Wickliff. Lutiier 
 had variooa methoda of Juatifying Ida con- 
 tinual ehangee. TbMelaacihon he replied: 
 " Have they, befbr* reproaching my vnrin- 
 tione, counted th* drop* in th* ocean P 
 to Dr. Bnawr t *" Pig of aTkomiat.' I wiah 
 to chang* t and why I beeauae I wiah it."(*) 
 With Henry, be condmcended to argue, 
 ** You have no right to boaat of victory, 
 beeauae one enlle n thing white tOi^y and 
 bkwdt tOi^norrow, otherwiae what Aoold 
 w* think of St. PhnI, wh» did boI a^ 
 after hie bapliam what he did whan ha 
 p«raacated A* chnreh,(<) whai of Ii A*, 
 guetine. who repeatedly oontradlote in ooa 
 work what he haa aaaerted in anothert 
 IVily I am amaaed at the logtiab Soloaaoii 
 not atitl wearing tho eboea ho worn while k 
 hab* in the eradia ; and hHtead of (Mnking 
 wine, why dote he not aUD anek hk 
 nnrae'a teato.(«) Bat in order to gratify 
 thiaThomlat, Intraet, I retract all timt I 
 may have aaid of the Pope and tin Pa^piate. 
 I retract, even with teon, all thai I may 
 
 (•) 8te vote, tic Jnha% alt pra ratteM 
 rehiataaii 
 
 (<) The Latfai hae no raeemblanoe to the 
 Qerman in tU* paaM«e :— Danaabimue^ fMy* 
 Lnthev,] PaoU epiMohw naiveame quod iUe 
 
 f^iUae ateroota nuno vooi&^qna* aalea aibi 
 Iiicra Iheraat." 
 
 (•) Abariwnim^tiBkatiirieAatWefai, der 
 etwa dte Zitmn aflgr-Ag lw n ih 
 
 ■ 
 
ura or BBniT ttii. 
 
 MtNKt tU th»i this Thoaitot brioRS aRitoM 
 
 mt B»k^ I IndMd, 1 wu bonauriBir tb« 
 •ftopt too mooh in oom|i«riiif bin to tbo 
 <Kr«M Nliofod of Holy Writ j tor.ln t woid, 
 ^i■nrod WM » powwp MtobUahod by Ood, 
 mA ha ■houUi b« honoaivd md bltMad 
 «oeordinR to th« prtotp* i • poww to whldi 
 wo miMt be MibmiMivo. for whioh wo on 
 Imnndtopmy. Homy Hm poihopo lold to 
 hioMolf: ' lAtktr ia yoaquUbod t bo will 
 not daro roply to ma i hla hooka arobuniod, 
 ny lioi wiU pMa ovnoat, I an a kiaff. aad 
 tborafora it wiU bo Ronondly boliovod tbat 
 4 writo tho tretb. I wiUtboiofow aaeaaa 
 tho poor monk ti tU tbat oobmo ioto lay 
 boadt I WiU publiib aU tbat 1 ploaaa, and 
 win iqjitn bia ropatation aa far aa I OMi.' 
 Ah I my Uttio dariioff. aay aU tbat Ay 
 braina augfoat to ibco. I aball obll«o tbaa 
 to Uataa to aona tratba. wbieb will not bo 
 aaoaing. Harry aomiaoa om of bavioff 
 wHtten aiiaiiMt tbo Popo tbrouRh batrad 
 and aMlieo, of boing poorioh, of boiog • 
 alaadcror. and of believing vyaalf to bo 
 tba only leamod aan in the world. Bat I 
 aril you. what asaltar tbat I am raia 
 and wiekadf la tbo papacy Inaoeant, 
 bacaoM I am a wortbbtaa character r la 
 the King of England, tharofeio. a modal 
 «r -rHadom, boeanaa I caU him a aconndial r 
 What ia your opinion ti tUa qjoaation} 
 But tba darling king who baa •nob a boner 
 of Uaa and calumaiaa, baa mora in bia 
 poatiferoM book than I in aU my wTitinga.(«) 
 FlHhapa in a diapoto aimilar to tbia, wo 
 ■boaM except poraoM. A king may inault 
 • poor monk with impanity, b«t bo will 
 bo hat in hand iritb tbo Pdp«-"(*) 
 
 Heniy. in eommon with other apologWta 
 of tka Chriatian faith, held tbat old ago 
 In man, aa weU aa In inatitntiona, waa 
 ontiUed to onr reapaeti that the papacy 
 wbieh oommeoced at the birth of Chria- 
 tianlty ought not to bo trantad aa if it warn 
 only of «aterday. oren auppoaing that it 
 wtro nut of Divino origin. Lather, aa a 
 g^aial rale, navsr argued. Haonlyridl- 
 eoled; and when ho had aoeeaaded in 
 fitting a tangb. believed that ba bad 000^ 
 qneiod. " I dean* to Aniah oneo for all 
 
 «) Antweit.— AiMfdo;. 
 ") Antwort— Amardo. 
 
 %. 
 
 with the Faphta. and reply to them Anally 
 while ad«lreeaing the King of BnHland. If 
 old age be neceeaarily right, then mart 
 Satan be the -nott rightewua being in the 
 world, ainoa he ia more tlmn 6,000 yeara 
 old."(*) But Luther made uaa of an argu* 
 ment which muat have pierced Henry to 
 the heart. A lew drape of Buckingban'a 
 blood BtiU ataiaed the axe, when the apoitata 
 monk conjured tho abode of that unhappy 
 nobleman tnn bia quiet tomb to frigbun 
 bia murderer. He bad placed Henry in the 
 piUoiyi be now fbeUae him on the block. 
 •• What aatoniebee me eo mueh ia not the 
 igaoraaoa diapUyed by Henry. KIok tif 
 p ^i— .1 It ia not that ba nadaietanda 
 workaaad bitb not ao weU u the idktt who 
 fcolathattbeniaaOodi bntl amamaaad 
 that tba dovll ahoold aid bia friend Harry, 
 whea hakaowathatllaagh allhiatrioka 
 to aeon. The king la woU ae^uaintod 
 with tbo pwverb. 'that tbeta are ao 
 giea^fbolaiB tho world tbaa Uagii and 
 prinoaa»' oad faala ita troth. 
 
 •• Who ia than tbat doaa not trace tho 
 iager of God ia tbo blindneaa and foUy of 
 tUamaar I aball aUow him to roat traa. 
 qua foraaanaoa, aa 1 have tba BIbU to 
 tranalato. withoat induding other worke, 
 wbieb wUl aot permU me to gmvel any 
 knger In bia mi^y'a alvlao ^ctionc) 
 but at aaotbar tioM, 1 aball. Ood willing, 
 roply to tho Uaa and poiioa apued forth by 
 the laval month. I eaanot help imagining 
 tbat biia work moat have beea'wriiun a« a 
 penance, for bia eonatdenco muat ivbuke 
 him for having atolen tbo crown of Eng. 
 bmd, ia patting to death the laat breach of 
 the royal atock. He traoiblaa le«t tba 
 Uood b« baa abod abo^ frU oa hie own 
 bead; and therefore bo eringea to the Pope, 
 and fewna now on tba emperor, and now on 
 Uie King of Franca. Harry and the Pdpa 
 have the eamo legitimacy. Tbo Pupa baa 
 etolen hie tiara oa the King of England 
 baa bia erowe, and therefore do they rub 
 one agaiaat another hke a pair of wulat. 
 Aay one anwilUng to pardon ma for having 
 inndted bia toyal mi^Mty. ahoaM know 
 that bad he imuwn bow to reapect himaalf 
 
 (•) Wenn «e Jehre reckt madkien. ware 
 Ja dw Teutel de# Allerfereditaele auf Krden ; 
 & mm «ber ffeaf tMaead Jahre alt iet.^ 
 
 Aatwect 
 
Md itply to tham Anallf 
 the KioK of BfiKlMtd. If 
 •Muriljr riKht. than mviit 
 «t riKhtawus bcinff In ibt 
 ia mora tlian 5,000 yaara 
 itbar mada uaa of an ar||u. 
 it hava piarcad Hanrjr to 
 w dropa of BuckinRbaia's 
 I tha asa, whan iha apoiuta 
 Iha ahada of that unhappy 
 lia quia! tomb to fricbMn 
 a had plaoad Hawy in tha 
 Ibatana him on tha block. 
 M ma ao much ia not iha 
 tyad by Hcniy, KioK <>f 
 not that ha vndantwida 
 lot ao wall aa tha idk>t who 
 laOodi batl wnamaaad 
 tovld aid hia friand Hairy, 
 that I laonh all hia triaka 
 I Unfl to «dl Mrv>*iata(l 
 arb. 'tha* thara ara M 
 Jia world than Uaffi ud 
 lailatnitb. 
 
 a that doaa aol tnea tha 
 I tha Uindnaaa and foUy of 
 Mil aUow him to raat traa> 
 I, aa 1 hava tha BIMa to 
 mt indudiDf othar worka, 
 panait ma to fioval any 
 M|aaty*a alvina iiiactiona) 
 lima, I ahall. God wiUiog, 
 and poiaoaapttad forth by 
 . I cannot halp imagining 
 inat h«T8 baaa'wriuan aa a 
 m eonariaoca muat nrbuka 
 atolan tha crown of Eng- 
 to damb tha Inat branch of 
 I. Ha tramblaa laat thn 
 had abo^ frU on hia own 
 fora ha eriogaato tha Popa, 
 Ml thaamparor.nnd now on 
 anea. Harry and tha Ptopa 
 ^Umaey. Tha Pupa baa 
 I aa tha King of Enghmd 
 and theralbra do tbcy rub 
 Bthar hka » pair of muUi. 
 ing to pardon ma lor having 
 lyal malMty, ahonld know 
 iwB how to raapaet himaalf 
 
 I Jahia racht madklMi. wara 
 i AllanaHektaala anf Krden ; 
 Ntnf (Maand Jahra alt iat.-^ 
 
 un or nvBT Tin. 
 
 I ahnald not havalrratad him thui ai>traraly. 
 Look at him, Haory apiu forth poiaon from 
 hia mouth aa a mackaral whan in annar, and 
 ia not thli a convincing proof thai ha baa not 
 a drop of nobla blood in hia vaina.''(«) 
 
 It ia indaad a raalancholy duqr f«f tha 
 hiatorian to aeknowladga. that not a voica 
 waa raiacd in raformed Oarmany in bahalf 
 of tha Inanltad aovaraign. Lothar'a libal 
 waa pabHcly aold in Wittambarg. It waa 
 aapoacd ftw mJa in tha Ihlra at Prankfbrt 
 and at tha ohuroh-dooia, and waa printad 
 in Latin and Oarmao. Tha EUctor 
 Pndarlek. aomamad tha Wiaa, eontantad 
 himaalf 1^ taUlng tha monk that Haary 
 wooU aaaoiadly chaatiaa him. It haa 
 baan aald thia alaotor had raAiaad tha 
 ampin al tha Diat of Prankfort. Ha 
 WMparfbotlyrlghti Ibr ha who knowa not 
 bow to vlndkaU royalty, wonld not hnva 
 known how to dafaml It. Hanry. how* 
 tvar, b«l ftwnd two ahnmptona In B^ta**. 
 fWw, tad Sir Tbomaa Moaa. Piahar, 
 BJdwp of Roehaatar, wna ona of tha moat 
 laaraad pralalM in tha kingdom. Hia 
 pdaoa WM • eomplala mnaanm. TU 
 wrila of hia rooaaa wara oovand with 
 twnnlar inaerlptiona, diacovarad In diflmnt 
 pwta of tha ialand.and if fortnnau aouogh 
 to daaypbar any of than, ha waa daiightad 
 bayond manaara. Plahar raaaablad BMlolat 
 In nwiT poiata. Bo graal waa hia parity 
 of mind, that ha nam ramarhad Wolaay'a 
 aRtmvagnnoa. Subject to a ahroaio oom- 
 pUnt, ha aaldoa wont to oonrti and in 
 Ofdor to aaa him, ona waa obUgad to go 
 to ehnroh. 
 
 Sir Thomna Mora waa at thia pariod 
 HanrVa privato aaefatniy.(*) At thirty, ba 
 diwaad In tha fbdiion of tba hnt raign. and 
 
 (•) So •cWlUr, ao bltfc*. glWg md ohna 
 
 Ont^rlam. aU ktina «««>i»^'!'^ii!2S" 
 ackaltan mag .—Antwuct.— Aamitie. Tha M- 
 SS^i. a apaeiman naad to Lnthar in Ui 
 LaSaTaaawar loHaniy .-" StoUdna rw ; ao- 
 
 pUailcna nabnio ; i«P««d«t} "t ■^«»»*^1"- 
 wtautilii TMrmia. damnabUla potndo i ■«• 
 Sdna at piana lithafgioua aopUata. notua 
 tlMmiala, SadpnhM l^w^ Btmitfi; .iBcptua 
 baaUiaraa, Coidimima awfabrixi pua invidia, 
 IiiijjdBna. na maa d a cU , pre|Miaa vipana, 
 SSSSS: IMoana «api«a. fk«rfnl«itoa f« 
 lar^a^tirMalwMtor. InaulaiaBuaaB arinua, atul- 
 taa. ataaidaa trancaa. nidia aaiaii^ ommoa 
 
 waa ao aaralaaa of hia paraoa. thai ha oAaa 
 umittad ahaviag. through forgotfulnaaa. 
 for tavtral daya. Hia gmtatt dalight waa 
 to play arilh hia childran, cat*, duga. parrola, 
 and hia othar pata. A philoaupbcr in a 
 paaaant'a garb, at teble ha only aU black 
 brvad,(*) and ipoka of glory and furtuoa In 
 tarma of ridicula. Hdw than eamo he to 
 ba a courtiar i A papal vaaaal had baan 
 aaiaad and eooflaoatad at Southampton, tha 
 lagaU of tha Holy Saa had eommaooad aa 
 notion for raatitation. and had raUinad 
 Mora, by whoaa meana ha obtainad da- 
 magaa^') Until than, ha had baaa par> 
 mittod to abaaat himaalf from eourti bnt 
 on Hanry haariag of hia anroaaa, ba aa. 
 elaimadi "Ha ia now mina," and Mora 
 imignad himaalf to hia tutJt*) Plabar'a 
 woA waa aatltlad "A dafenea of tha 
 •Aaaartio'of tha King of England ragarding 
 tha dtkiMo Mth. in raply to a book of 
 Lothar'a on tha ' Captivity of tba Chnrah 
 at Bdijl0n."'(O It ia a eontrovanial wock. 
 in whieh no paaaioaata aipraaaion can ba 
 paroaivad, and wara tba biahop aliva nowi« 
 a>daya, and about to pnbllah it, ha woold no* 
 raqulratoaraaaaalaglaword. Lotharmnal 
 hava aulbrad moat aeatal7 on raadiag • 
 work of anch eandonr and merit. 
 
 Plabar'a aigomanttdavabpad thamatlvao 
 natarally. Ha did not miataka bia advfr- 
 aary'a ohjaotiona, hut laid tham down wHk 
 mnch pradawn and flranknaaa. Fiabar 
 aaldom aatoniahaa or daaalaa hia raadaro, 
 but ba invariably eharma aad paraoadao. 
 Ha had no ^flenlty in ahowiag that in tba 
 Intarpratation of Holy Writ, many, ttioogb 
 andowad with Ana abiUtiaa. had baan da* 
 oaivadi that like crrora and lik« Mia might 
 again occur i ao that a Jodga waa e aa anti a llj 
 naeaaaary to Inlarprat tha aanaaof tha dlvfaM 
 word, provtdad that tha word could notb 
 pir m, reaolva tha 4MBcnhiaa to which It 
 had ^van riaan. Mow thia Judge ia 
 TnADiTiOM, which haa apokan fttom 
 ag« to ago to our own daya. and whoaa 
 voica, lika tha light of tha ana, win 
 
 (•) Eraami Bpiat LX., ao. 
 
 (') D. Oaoiga Tbomaa Bodhart, ThooMa 
 Moras* 
 
 (•) Bopar. — Mora. — Hoddcadon. — Biog. 
 Britaa. 
 
 (() AaaartioaBn ragia Aaglte da Ada Oa 
 thoUea advaiaua Latfiarl Babylanioam cap> 
 Hvitatanw daftoaio. 
 
Lira «r niikt vtts. 
 
 Ml 
 
 MfW flMM oatQ tiM tad of Um world. 
 "T^thUoiM. und 700 havo boI nnity i 
 Md to firovo that 70a havo bo oBity, I aak 
 jom. LotlMr. to wait tUl tb« morrow. To- 
 Morrow will rlM Ib yoor ehvroli, aod 
 pwhapa noar your owo call a Loeillrr will 
 MOM iniu axiaUDca, who will coanet 700 
 •r arror aad IUa«hood."(*) Tha r«iril7 of 
 Sir Tbooaa Mora waa azpactad with iia- 
 paMaaoa. Uofortoaataly.thatgraataaholar, 
 taataad of naiflK that loa laaaoBiBH powar 
 wtth which ha had baaB gittod, praftrrad 
 aaploTlaii a low apirit of aareaatie faUlary. 
 ■ad 07 tijiac to ludtala Lothar, oal7 
 iBwand hiaMaif I for tha hwffuaiia eaad bj 
 Hm apoatatn moak waa aatoral to hiia, 
 iriMnaslforaoa^allwtMiU.(k) Waahoold 
 
 (•) Tha priadpal piopoelUoBa of FUwr 
 anaa fallow t— 
 
 1. ItkBoat inUmX that oMuiy ^ hara 
 «Mtadtothairowa akUl Ib iatarptotiuc holy 
 ■wiptaraa hava groariy airad. 
 
 iMt may happaa at aoy ttaa Aat a mm 
 who ralUa oa loiarpiatatloaa of Seiiptafa Bay 
 
 Mlatoanor. . ... 
 
 «. Whaarwr aay eoottorarmr ariaaawitt 
 MMnl to Hartptura, or Cathoiw truth. It la 
 iSuabIa that thara ihoald ba aoma Jndfa to 
 ttda tha natiar. 
 
 4. B»c*y OMtravaray. which Uma aitoaa, 
 t hadaeidod by naaaa of holy Soripturo 
 
 ft. OBthi8a«ooMH,thaHolyOhoatwaaeaiit 
 
 I* raMia team with tha Ckatoh. tlutwhao 
 
 •Mh arrora ahoatd ariaa. tha Chonsh might 
 
 kMw tha iroa doetriaa aa tha aebtaet. 
 
 e. Tha Holy Ohoat haa W»'»»^"^ "^ 
 w« alwaya «a tha taatoaa af tha orthodw 
 
 Pathara te tho amiirpatloa <^T^:J^^ 
 iaatraetioB of tha Oliarch la aaeh doabttu baiaa. 
 
 J. It ia maaitat that whoaw doaa aat 
 Noaiva tha orthodox Valhan daqiaaa tha Haly 
 Ohoat, aa4h«f it BotiaUia. . . .^ 
 
 8. If iha SpirU haru apokoB mooh to tha 
 •AiflMktiaB of Oa Char«h by tha monthaof tha 
 Pathan, much mora haa te ^pokaa ia tha 
 
 Maferal oaaneilaa 
 
 ^T Although apaaioUo traditlooa aia oowhora 
 
 Miraiad iaholy Boriptura, yat thay muat ba 
 
 aMtfadbyaUtmaOhriailaaa. ^^ . , 
 10. BaaOaa thaaa tra«Utioaa. ao Gtooiitti 
 ahouia r^t tha cartoais raoaived by tha uni< 
 Taawl Ohuroh.— Piahar'a Worka. 
 
 («») Yha fUlowinf pamaga ia from Sir 
 Thomaa Mora'a work >— Varum d ad lalttm. 
 ano oapit. modnm acurtari pargat, A graaaari 
 Mlnma&L. augari otnlUtift, inmuiira damenti4, 
 •eaniUlato ludara. oao allud ia ora ga^tere 
 ^uam aaalinaa at oloaOaa, latrioaa, merdaf, 
 ■tafoorai Ihoiaiit quod Toiuat alii; noi ex 
 tnapore OMiamna ooutiliuBi. v^mna. na oic 
 baechaiitam ex ij^qp tra^aia vMUibaa at oo- 
 Ifliibni luii dapugata»aB flttlaattm batanaiWB 
 
 iodaed hxn pltiad Sir ThooMM Mora, but 
 UKora aapaeially Haory, whoea diflHant 
 talaoU ha ap|dbnda ao aDtbuaiaatiaally.(*) 
 had tha aotira work raaamblad thoaa 
 pagfo iia whiah tha wrilar yielded to tha 
 avcitaaMBt of tha oiomant. H« uceaaioa- 
 tn7 rammabara that aatura had aot laada 
 hiai a baUboo, aod thaa ha diaplaya hla 
 nalofal nood aenaa. Ia reply to Luthar'a 
 Maartioe. that aothing ought to ba ad. 
 nittad aa true, except it eaa ba prorad bj 
 Holy Writ, Mora iaqoiraa. " Why thob do 
 yon admit tha rirgioity of Mary, a^it ia 
 aot maetloaed ia Holy WritK* 
 
 Two 7aara had alapaad. Lather aaw 
 that bo could aot hope for tha diilbaion of 
 hia BOW doetriaa ia Bngbuid withont 
 HaBr7'aakli for at aaeh port ia tha bOaad. 
 Heeir7 had atriea7 forbiddaa tha importft. 
 tioBof hia tiaaabttioB of tha Bible. Thoo 
 Uther feTRot what ba had aaid at 
 Wotma I " If my doctrine ba tnm Qod. U 
 will are." aa alao hia miKht7 God, wha 
 woaU protect hiia agaiaat tho ao«roo 
 of BaiMB, tho bear aad Uoaaaa who would 
 daibad him agaiaat that miaaraUa aopbiat 
 Laei aad tho worm of the tomb whom 
 the7 eall Harry, aad BaeUogham'a blood 
 with which tho aearpev had amaared hia 
 ahield.(^ Tha oMak proatratad hiaiaalf 
 at tha feat of a priaea who had pfofhaod 
 tbaoiowBof Chrial with bU apUtla. H9 
 hamblad himaalf ia tha deat before a 
 Pl^pial^ wbaoa hcabiia ht had awocB to throw 
 to tho dofa. Ha bowad in lov huatl* 
 Hatfam bafbN a hog of a Thomiat whom 
 he had deairad to anaibiku. Luther 
 aekaowladKad tiM ha had baaa urged on 
 bp »B otH gaidaa whila writiag hia lattor 
 againatthaKiagofBaglaad. Haaoarcaly 
 dan raiaa hia ayaib he a worm of tha aatth, 
 daat aad aahm^ to look ti ao raoowaed a 
 
 Ho haptonaoB Ua kaea«,l7iag at HacrT'a 
 gt, for p^r aad pardoa by the glory and 
 
 faet, 
 
 ot ktrtaiariam aabaloaam. earn auia ftuUa 4* 
 furoribne, enm euia moidla at itarcoribna ea> 
 oHiiam eaeatamqua reliaqaiia.— Bieg. Bdt. 
 
 (•) Itmaeb rexaa that laaeal that the gre«t 
 iMnUBg of hia maieety in auay braaobaa of 
 atudy, aad eepooiatly b diTiaity.iawaliiinvwn 
 Old eaiabrated abroad aa waU aa at homf ,-~ 
 Thoaaa Mori Angli Opera. 
 
 (<] Lather CootiaBtarienBk 
 
lad Sir ThooMM Mot*, but 
 
 Htnry, whoM dArant 
 tuds M •othuaiM«iMll]r.(*) 
 
 work rtMrahUd thaw 
 
 the wriltr yielded to Dm 
 M monMnt. H« uceMfam- 
 Uul Mtura had do! uuda 
 
 and than ha diaplaja hla 
 laa. In raply to Lttthar*! 
 nothing oof ht to b« nd- 
 iscapt it can b« iMrorad by 
 « inqairaa. " Why thau do 
 Tirfinity of Mary, a^itia 
 n Holy Writ r 
 tad ainpaad. Lnihar aaw 
 >t hopa for Iha diiAiaion of 
 oa in BnRknd without 
 t at an«h port in tba i»knd. 
 !tly forbiddaa thn importn. 
 ilatioBof thaBihIa. Thoo 
 
 what ha had Mid at 
 ay dodrina ba horn Qod, it 
 alao hia miffbty Qod. whn 
 
 hia ngniMt tha anaraa 
 Mor and UooNi who would 
 linak that aiaarabU lophiat 
 woraa of tha tomh whoa 
 y, and BiieUn«hMn'» btood 
 « iMnrpev had amMurad hia 
 MOMnk praatMtad himaalf 
 i priMa who had ptollMad 
 nurial wlthbU afiUUa. Ho 
 alf ia tha deal hefora % 
 mina ho had awora to tbvBW 
 
 Ho bowod in hiw huini* 
 o hog of n Thoaiat whoni 
 id to annihiku. Luthar 
 
 that ho hod baaa urged on 
 oioa wUlo writing hia lattor 
 ag of BoglOBd. Ho aoorcely 
 ■yaa^ he a wona of thk oaith. 
 m, to look Hi M raoownad n 
 
 OB Ua knaaoilyiag at Hacry'a 
 Bd pordoa by tha gkny and 
 
 nebnlnnam. ene aaia ftuik 4* 
 I aula laonlla et itafcorlbna eo- 
 nqua aeliaiMre.— Bieg. Bdt. 
 Teiaa that laaeal that the great 
 I nuOaoty in auny braaebea of 
 NiaUy in divinity, ia wall im^wpi 
 abroad aa waU aa at honw.-" 
 
 urn or mMBt nu. 
 
 LngUOfan. 
 
 DoamHaariennk 
 
 I of Chriat. Waa a aolamn raouilation 
 
 of hie former tetter required. Luther ie 
 ready io make one.C) What a glorioui 
 triumph for Henry to eee the Baton on hia 
 knaea implorlnjc for mercy ! The king 
 •bowed no p'ty i for there are eome inaulta 
 which no preyere, not even the moat 
 aincere. can eipiate. The aoU favour ha 
 granted the suppliant waa to reply to hia 
 letUri but with what fWetidioueneea l(k) 
 " You tail roe that you blush for your work i 
 1 can well believe it. Why did yon not 
 add for all yonr books, aa they contain but 
 oaa tiaana of gruaa arrora oad fuoliah 
 haraalas foondad on neithar logie nor 
 aeianee. Aa to my letter, which in your 
 o^lon wu tho work of a eaptiooa aophiat, 
 it io my own production, aa many wit- 
 naaaaa worthier of credit than yourarlf can 
 taatify, oad tha mora it diaplaoaaa yoa. tho 
 gfootor piaaaufo do I fta! in acknowledging 
 nyaalf ita nnthor. Your vipor tongue 
 aadaavonrs. b«it in loio, to bloat tha repo* 
 tation of the Archbishop of York. After 
 all. what importance ought to bo attaehad 
 to tho inaolto of a being like yourealf, who 
 
 le) Henrico VIlIoR««Un««"«tHlbenil«. 
 -Inther'e Briefe—DeVette. Mr. HaUa. 
 attrlhntee IhU nrnnlmtim ef Lulhnr'e t> eome 
 iMaliMent in the htUUeotual faonlUe^- 
 M. Audin assigns some other reaaon.— Bee 
 hia Life of Lather. .. .^ »tif 
 
 rfe) lavietkaimi prhioivis Henriui VIIL, 
 lejla AiSimraLte.\d Marth^ Lnlheii 
 
 have mocked at tho Catholic Church, 
 ridiculed the Pathere and holy Apoetlee, 
 blasphemed the eainte and the bleeeed 
 Mother of God. and insulted tha Lord 
 himseir, by making him the author of all 
 crime 1 You aay that you dare not look at 
 me r I am aatoniahed at your venturing to 
 look at any one !n the face." 
 
 Henry'e revenge waa not ye* eompleta. 
 Ha deelred to atir up tha whole of Oermaay 
 againat tha monk, in a latter which ho 
 addrcaaed ehortly after thla. to tha Saxoa 
 alaetora. ha Jnaaiad hlmaatf for haviog 
 entered tha llaU with Lathor in delsaOO of 
 holy Church, under tho protoxt thot Kkg 
 David had danced beforo tho ork of tho 
 Lord, and baaonght than to ohala thU 
 faroeiooa baaot whooo Bolaaie wralh woo 
 oBpoiaoning tho whole of Oaraoay. oad 
 to rapraaa that areh a ayw ao rin by flroov 
 tho aword. tf tharo ware ao othar way of 
 ailanciBg hhM*) Haary woa ao oao oiylBg 
 In tha wiMernaao. Aa aatroaodiaoiT ••• 
 bot belwooa o King of Boglaad oad oj 
 Auguatiniaa of Wlitaaiberg, and of whioh 
 the Ohriatiaa naaala oOhr BO othar oxoaplo. 
 It couM aot hofo occurred withoatOattiii- 
 bergi hot If 0* her of tho oonbotaato ha£ 
 o right to opploud the invaotifoa of fria^ 
 lag. it waa eortoinly the orowaed Thoaiit. 
 
 (t) Oentra Lnthemm ^ueqne hareaha 
 epiit. ser. regie A»«. ad iUustrimfiooa 8a«aho 
 duosa pU admanii<!«la.--Cod. Vat. Mi^ 
 p. 78. "^ 
 
un or muR nu. 
 
 
 CHAPTER XIIL 
 
 i.t 
 
 IMTRIOUU or WOLSBY.— ini-MII. 
 
 of WglMy, • »•• Uf»ik« ol FrMMv.—Th* mmum a^oflH I* 
 
 S^~«Mm* lito oiih.— Wol»«7 fOM » 0«1«I« t« Mt u • oMdiMw Uumm FrMMto Mri 
 
 PmST^TlmX -Wob.y*. i>iricnM to «fl»« ■» tU P-H Oli«»r.-»»««to» •« iUrta- rf 
 
 (k) TkW prioMM ImJ bMn alrwHir 
 ■lUnntil »3 Um yovaff IHuphb of PnuM* 
 bf Um trwtf ot ibc eapitnlaUoa uf 
 Tonmaj. ^^ Ui<^ fortrMt hsd Immb r*. 
 Mtv«d M hat dowrjr. Fnaeif Mcordlniily. 
 •na wltk JtMtiM. ««aipliaiwd to Haary of 
 CiMurWa bMokUiii comIimI. wkI npntmi 
 hb nvpiria* H ih* BhU«)> nbiiMt havinil 
 MiluMty ratalaiMd it. Hmnr nv\\>id, 
 tiMt M A» from haviBK aneiwragad til* 
 •wparor'a pntaaaioaa to Um hand of hk 
 dMNihlar Maty, ka hMi a'^niOad to Ohurlaf 
 hia fctnal IntonMaf* 40 kaap Ua amM^ 
 ■Mat«MiUM«'^«>«rrnMa."(«) rnaa^ 
 aiMrqualBtod *^ ttkliary of i*n 
 
 ■aglkihpiMwy.b. .^.udUukakad 
 
 Um thnoRli lb* «r , lM«>.«don. Sir 
 
 WUIiui flttwillias ^. JaninK. 
 
 bM.ftirbiaUwliBte. .<«) 
 
 Frnda «M aooB mulaeahrtd. I* 
 MCM^MBca wiih Wolaay'a piMM. Hawy 
 
 .ai|; 
 
 '•■•MWi palMaal «MMa wan ab«it to 
 wB sff Hmuj't aUaatioa from Loibar. 
 wblla aoffagad la oualrovtray witb 
 ha bad tbwNHit 9t laaoforiH *>»* 
 I of ftaMa, wbkb Uia ftiraa 
 ■I Ma bad wMi baak liraaa Baf Uab do* 
 MaaliaB. wd vbtta ba waa aaabraoiag 
 tViiilli te iba vaBaf of Ardraa. hia haart 
 aMmaafe allaaad by hia Upa. 
 
 I bU objart. »l»'«k '«• •*•«*■ 
 by Wolaay. ba rayUi^ >»>«•(*) 
 ■a had b «tlwoi »ba 
 
 af Ibc boaaa of BarRvndy wUob Franca 
 Idd idaad.Md Um SoTanlini Pootif; vbo, 
 tUMi I* «b« policy panuod by fvilaa II., 
 waa altlviag to laoaoa Ittly from a foMi|i« 
 nha. Tba Gbrdlaal Mlniaur waa daUy 
 aipaaUag. from Um lafuraaUoa ba bad 
 warf»ad ft«a bb agarta at Boma, to baar 
 af LaaX.*a diaU^ aad bopad, thma«h Um 
 af OMriaab to obtain tba 8abar> 
 
 Tbaomarorwaaaa 
 
 aaFkaaeia 
 ,'aad fcH no amoaamant b> faaal- 
 iiW priMan or braaUng iMMaa widi UMik 
 Pkndart in proaparlty, aa wril aa ia adwr. 
 rily. aMi a«ar naater of bimaalf. Cbarlaa 
 pneUaad Um auna tridi ia oU bia uagoda. 
 Uaao. that of oflWaR hia band to Um 
 dai«btor of tba nonarcb witb whoa ba waa 
 la traaly. Ha had aakad in narriaca a 
 ■riaiilf of FlraMO. Um lafaato of Pofw 
 tHfal. and. at bia tetarriow wiUi Woloey 
 •I Windaor, tba band of Mary of Bag^ 
 
 (•) 
 
 (k) Taraar. 
 
 (•) Haary'i 
 
 riUiaaawl 81 
 
 ^'a faMtraetiaaa to Sir W. Pfta- 
 «iUiua aad Sir H. Jamlafkam lo ba daclarad 
 vato Ua daaraat htolhar, eonMarait aad coai* 
 paar. Um Pr«wh ktac.--Brit. Uumwm, MttS. 
 fcou.Oal..D.VllI..p.i. ^ ^.^ 
 
 («) Aa tonchlac Iha aoMato awda for tba 
 OmJaaatloa to awrry tU daagLtor of Pot- 
 tljiii, Um kiBR'a jpaca eaaaot a Utila Manrtl 
 Ibaraat, for bia bigtaaiahaibalwayapaiwMdtjl 
 onto iha aavarvr 10 obMita aad k«rp all 
 
 HMMMt of coaiMroiioaa and p ro ml aaa mm!* aad 
 MMd baiwaan Ua and tha Pranck king. 
 without Tiolation or rapinra } u wall cuneam- 
 ing ika naaea and nminal aaiiy and alao ika 
 ■arriaia with Uw dmgbtvr of Francai and 
 that in d«dM tba oonirary, ha abouM ha* a no 
 ■MJiia — <l hhi moa.— Inat MSB. Oal. D. 
 
 yuI^^& 
 
•4or(t4l* 
 FtMMto M 
 
 M.-— Th« . 
 
 •dlMor k«i«*«a FtMMto 
 w« otf aMl Wif itaalaNl.— 
 Mr.— BhMtM •« iUftaa «« 
 
 MIW or MiikV Vtll< 
 
 titmm tmi hmn alrwuiy 
 youBM DAuphin of FimiMt 
 of Um eapilnlMioa <^ 
 bot fortrwo hod boaa r*. 
 nj. Fnncif Mcordlnnly. 
 i, ooapWiwd to Haary of 
 IK coadiMl. ood oiproMod 
 M BuffUoli ctbinol havinn 
 aaod it. Hoary io|ilkMi, 
 ■ hoTioK oaciwrogod tho 
 Mi«M to Um htiid of hio 
 kolMd»>icaiMtoClMik9 
 uttop «o koop Uo — go gO' 
 «vi( of fMmt»."(*) Vnmttt, 
 ''— uWlitry of 8*^0 
 
 Ittr, «06.«li0l% Sir 
 
 liter '^1. JoroiBK* 
 
 •ooB muloeoivod. la 
 h Woboy*! piMM. Hoary 
 
 MiraMiaM to Sir W. Vfta- 
 H. JomlafluMi lo Im dtchuwd 
 itolkar, eonMmwit aad eo«- 
 klH.— Brit MttMwa, Uim. 
 ill.. 0. i. 
 
 !( ika MMOit OHdo for tko 
 ■Mrry tbo doogLtor of Per- 
 I gneo eoaaot a litib BMunral 
 Iffaiaai hoik alwaya paiwMivd 
 uc to obeMVO aad k«rp all 
 nUoaa and p ro il aaa aiada aad 
 Uai aad tho Pionch king, 
 I or lapiaro { u voll etwcarB- 
 ad amiMol aailly and alae ika 
 ho dmgbtvr of Franco i aad 
 ooanary, ho ahouid ha?« ao 
 paoo.— iBOt MIS. Oal. D. 
 
 kad oilMilly HMuio iho naooaaary firaparo- 
 tkma for tkio (avaaion o( Ptcariljr- Fur ihia 
 roralotlon of lh« cordiaol'a Iraoclitrjr, wa art 
 ladobtod to Paoo. At Wwlaay'a roquaal. 
 •,000 or 0.000 hownwn, connnandail by 
 a dladnffuiahaii olBear, wara tqutppad for 
 eorvlfa.(*) Thaoa aion fought admirably 
 la koavy aroMur. and did graai eaaouUua 
 otaongal tho aaamy'a eandry «ith ihoir 
 ofoaabowa. la Fraaoa, iha m^billiy only 
 fought OB huiaoback, lookhif oa it aa a 
 dtignMO to uao aitkor iko bow or tlia 
 laaoo. AtMari||nano.tkoydtridodthaloag 
 loaeoa uoad by tha Sariaa aoldiory. Haary, 
 aot wiaklag to antruat tho auoraaa of bla 
 oipodition to hla bowoMa, hoTTtvat bravo 
 tkoy might bo. knaiatod with Wolaoy on 
 tho oquipmaat of o fltol to Uookada tbo 
 Praacb porta, aad tkaa raia ihoir oe«- 
 ■OMO. Whilo tho iafoatry woio iaoadlag 
 Pleardy, and marohing on Paria, tho loot 
 night awoop tho aoao aad bara tbo Pronch 
 ananala. Thaao wniliho prtpofotlooo worOk 
 howovar, to bo kapt aoerat uatU Charlao 
 ahouki bo proparod to tako tko MM*) 
 Honry folt tbo n#od of a ptotost to violaio 
 a« oath whioh bo had aarora to praoarf a. 
 What poaalblo otoooo ooiild ho flad to 
 doolaro war agaiaat that Joyuaa compaor.(*) 
 whom ho had ambraord ao a bolovod brothor 
 but • fow moniha bafofo oa tho plain of 
 Ardroa t Haary'a adviaata aoomod to hopo 
 for prooooalion from tbo impatioat ardour 
 00 woU of tho Pironeh aobility aa of tho 
 coaqooror of Marignaao, aad for thia par. 
 poao loporta obaoikwa to tha honoor uf 
 Finacio woio aaaidoooaly oiroalatod i aad 
 
 (a) Tho klog kaith ooaeladdyda, acooidiag 
 to yoar ad«iN aad oounaayla, to put la a ra- 
 dyaaam ft,000 or 6.000 aickiaia.— Paeo to 
 iTokwXittriiiah Maaram.Oalha.B.VlI..p.^. 
 
 (k) Hya hyghaaON ihyakyth tkat at aucho 
 tyoM aa aU tkiiigla aokalbo eooeladyddo ba- 
 twista tk'omparar aad kym. aeoatdyng to kya 
 mindo, aad a raoaltttkai takya for to lavada 
 Frannoo. tkon itt akalba n a c awarto for than 
 boitk to proTldo for tko doainioeioh off tbo 
 Fraaeko faagia aavyoi aad kla graoa woldo. 
 tkot at tfmm oea*MdaBt tkya awtlar nyght 
 aeor^lly bo brokya to iko nyda enporor, and 
 traatidda fai awk wyae tkat thya iii(arprba 
 nigiN taddaaly bo n^^ hgaiuat tko Froneb 
 kiiM.— Id. 
 
 (•) Biothor. eanfodonta aad eonpoor. — 
 Hoary'a laotmothMa to «ir W. FItnriOiaai.— 
 
 MBS. cai., D. vm , ^ ft. 
 
 it araa tvta givoa oat in Qtrmany that ho 
 ba<l andaavtiurMl lo Umpl tha fldality of 
 Ilia amMaioi't alliaa, and to fuinant traubtao 
 In SiiainC) 
 
 DanM foraaU atrttch along tha bonha of 
 tlii Mruaa. whara Robart do lo Marek. 
 8«iKntur o( Hadan. roinnad aa naa l a a , 
 iiha Sickiagsn ia the Sthwarawaid (•) 
 Rohort waa eooianding with tha airao of 
 Syinariaa for tho govornnaai of two amall, 
 lowna III Ardanaaa. Tho paata, oa baiag 
 aunauliad, dacidad ia flavour of Roborti 
 but an appaal could bo antoiod agaiaol. 
 ihair aaatanco. which waa aocordingly doao. 
 and Charloa, aa anparor, anaoUod tha, 
 aoalaaea of tho poara, wharaupon Robort^ 
 irritotod boyood natoaoro. challaagad hia, 
 aovtfoigB.O Tbio ehatlaogo from a fa*, 
 dawry load holdiag but a law thouaaadr 
 Bcrca of foraot hinda. eovtiod ono-balf tha 
 yaar with daoaa fogo. totho aovoroiga oa 
 whooa hioffdon tho aua aovar aat, might 
 iadaod aatoaUh tbo raador, did ha ao« 
 kaow thot Robait waa oaly oioKiaiog 
 eao of hia bgitinato righto ia tho* 
 dofyiag hla aovoraiga. It waa goooroUy 
 boliovod ia Eaglaad. aa waU ao Italy, t^ 
 tho Baigaaur of Sodaa, ia thua aoting. had 
 Uateaad to tho iaatigatioa of Pranoo. A 
 faw daya aftor tha totura of hia barald^at- 
 arn*. Robert, nouatod oa hia war>hon^ 
 aad fuUowtd by a largo body of advaw 
 turara, raeruitod ia Ardanaaa. and acoordiag 
 to aoma authoritiaa, avan in Pkria. intradad 
 Luiamboufg.bumiog aoma oopaaa doCmdad 
 oaly by tho imparial aagla. Charita^ 
 inataad of ohaattaing Robart'a inaolaaM. 
 ordarrd tha Duka of Naaaau (ol tha Hooaa 
 of Oraoge) to advaooo oa tho bontian of 
 Praaeo. 
 
 Aftor baviag t%kaa poaaeaaion of Mooaoa^ 
 tho Ooko boaaigod Mati«raa.(>) So boll 
 a Btap roqairad eorroapoadhig ufA^ 
 
 I*) Ooldaat. Polit. Imp., p. 870» ' '„ 
 
 (•) Conmaat Maarira Robert da U UimUL 
 alour do Badan, pvar ^nalqua wit qui hti'lkat 
 Hi^ au aamea da I'amparaar, latuonw aS 
 aarvioa da roy da Franoo.— KlauraugH.T 
 Mamoiraada duBallay, 1.— CaplBiua. H.. f4S. 
 
 (') Kobett will naka war uaon tha anparor'a 
 Iamb, baeauo* ko auffvrad aoaa Kaiaria to 
 laka oua of kla eaatlaa.— M8S. Cal., Cutt. U. 
 VIII., p. 18. -- 
 
 (■) Aoknidt ..j 
 
%6i 
 
 UVB M ■■»! ▼HI* 
 
 |MU4 iIh* Jmb d'Alkf^ Kliif 9i Hmnm, 
 iMrf Imm M««aMMMi(MM4 hf iMm 11.. 
 fbff Iwvbfl tekm pM« «^«k • mkkmmlk»i 
 fell«. Udb III. Tti* f<»f iMd oMi- 
 dUMrtly 1^4 Albm't poMMatoM unAtt 
 m tartwdiiji. uxi s0F4c4 hU (erritsry to 
 My tM Ikal watild ttk< p Mmrin w ol it. 
 fiiinii— i •ndw«o«»'. «o Mtry Um MatMM 
 «f Mm rtoaiMr hito mmwUmi. bmI ImiI la- 
 I Nwram i bul Pim«U 
 1 10 •ywpirtlilM wMi Mm 
 
 tki w4 In MMff4MM 
 
 «Mli Mm iraty af N«|«i. *ha wi4Mr of 
 4'Alknl iliiMii tUo r w M Nt i — of 
 
 OInrfM. M Mm Mr of Mo 
 
 PMMItMnd. to foolort Novmtto 
 
 I* • ^Moa. todwoo* oloMwl «o • MoM of 
 
 ttM MapMritHM Mmi BH" Wl Mm 
 
 J «• NtTtrro ■« PkwMte Im4 em 
 
 ■Ml IWIoMOt by vtrtao of m 
 
 1 ooMWMO, tad Mmi if fnMk 
 
 «««Mn»«rt Mm kMor cMoo. Im wo«I4 
 
 ■f1HlfnM|«rn D f»««taMV**^ 
 
 • Mply aflUo MiM^ m4 teo«t»ln|| lk«« 
 
 ho a^M by lowo of M^ «•*• ■•• 
 M|y Nmmn. M tho wMo of Bpota boM 
 
 Ik rifol, oTMOod te PyioMoo fcw vtoko 
 yiMoiiili Tko FroMk ktaf oipoctod 
 M MMolMoa viiMI ko melMd ModfM. 
 M IM hmtj*i lifaHolf vp «IMi tU koyo 
 IM ko «mM bo ooriolo4 by tbooo 
 •W VitO <lw->wMod witb ihdoo "do* 
 vMitaf wohoo.'* 00 Adffa^ hi • iHior 
 whMi Ml farto ^ bondo of AmMo. 
 iitfM IImm.(*) to wboa OmiIoo bod 
 ■■ftiito— tilj r - 1*^"* **-' -**• •* r*— *- 
 
 ■Mt(«} IbofaMMiOrtOOlilOtOOlodwhb 
 
 - eot biM Mwcoly bftd Ibo 
 •eolMl oaMMcHMd of 
 
 „,_ jto»ooMoo#MMlr 
 
 ft'^utfu, boMi Mm oobUitj oad Mm 
 
 fm> ii 
 
 ?5* "^i^^HLUn^riL 
 
 niltA 10 «vil ttMT wwH»t r. mm m mm 
 «M » tataigbl. apola woo rooeMod.(«) 
 IkoMtaooftaf 4io iMadi «mllwl Mm boMO 
 
 ■AMidt 
 liiogirt 
 iPMMlioityi. V. ', 
 
 MoflcMM. bod t«oa ftwad oo Aodr^ dl 
 LNfWffo. Mm lMd«r of Mm MpodMtM. wbo 
 bod bMO ukM prUooor ol PaohmIoim, 
 ond CbwiM Im« bo Um« im Modmii Mmoi 
 to HlMM. 
 
 Hoil fvwwM oooMoMd to N«tMw Pmrmm 
 tm4 Pt«««n«0 *m Mm Holy ■•% U U (iroboMo 
 thai bo lawold not bovt boao m •««■ 
 dtaturbod to M tbM i b«l bo ntwrni. Mid 
 Mm Popo MkMW bkoMolf loto iho amo 
 of Cborba V. Tbo OMpafor hod plocod 
 Uthar midor te bMi of tba aoaptfo. hod 
 iaM)pnd 00 aooaal poaaioa of lO^OtO 
 daokla. po y o bto f roai tbo > o»ao»aa of tbft 
 orabhiabapria of ToMk to tbo Owdiaal 
 OioMo dl If odW. robuio* of Loo Z^ 
 
 . wblob bod Mmjm tbo boodi 
 
 af Mm FtaMb aflir Mm bot^W of MoriiMMk 
 to Mm pirtrtaMay of ti. Wlar^O A mm 
 kt^fM, yol aon fcwMi l o b lo Iboa oay pro- 
 
 oboM to flffbs ■■■toal Mm 
 
 Spota uMl Itoly. Swib. 
 
 r.MMNoMMrioiidooad 
 
 A mmr tnmm far HoMy, 
 
 •ad Mm Mm Ibr Woiooy. woro tbo ptkt 
 Klfoa iar ■■jitod'o oUomo t bM tbo 
 wbo dlfoolMl tbo IhMi oohtaol 
 ■7 iiiimUnif to uk» bofw* bo 
 
 M«r off Mm WHk. Haary •iuhl 
 
 l«70* Mny of lO,mo Mbaliyt but bo had 
 
 Hio fOHab won raody far oao. b«l bo 
 oo«y MlpafMM«Mvo. HoM0l.MMra> 
 lliff% pte Mm to lovy MAaldlaot lad wbik 
 iraisiiHi*Mr«blo. It woo aoaoBttoByaoeooaoiy 
 10 pnvMl • ooOioloa balwaoo two rivOa 
 oqaoHy hupafttoK to mtamm owwd» mi 
 bar* Wolwy*o tool woo ooilod toio ptay. 
 Aooo«dli« to Mm troMy of Ilia. boMi 
 ippwiod t Mm mmm Mbm to Mm 
 
 to bba MmI oboidd boa^ *• 
 
 piMo Mm kMffMli oad occordiagl^ Cborioo 
 
 Oboilao obowo d Haaay , — 
 
 loManiWbicbalaorl^ provad tbo* iko ooadMl 
 ol BobaH do h, Monb, Mtd Mm oMook of 
 tbo Bponlab ptoviaoao by Do L u p i m ^ 
 lad btoB WidMakw ol tbo oHMaoMoa of 
 
 (0 
 
M Imii4 mi Am4f4 4l 
 of iIm MpMltiM, wW 
 
 rtaoMT •« PtOl^lNIMl 
 
 I Urn* la MndinN Umm 
 
 Holy ■M,UUpr*WM« 
 
 I ImV« kMII M MMI 
 
 t b«l Im n/hmi, mi 
 ikBMlf iMo itM ama 
 
 • uu t fi mor had plta ni 
 
 ■1 ipMMtMi of io.oao 
 Ml iIm t wt t mm* of U>* 
 roM«> to tko CMtliay 
 
 • folarioa of Lm X., 
 !• MMon nuroM uti 
 d mmjm$ the iMMli 
 >lwtw»Wofll M 4i—o> 
 4 M. Wlw^O A mm 
 wmkMtkVktm Mf pro* 
 
 Spota Md llolr. ■»!»• 
 m,«Im Nollioftadb Mid 
 irkiiHW ■Mnkaador tlw 
 Mir Moim far Hour. 
 WoiMf , iroro tbo prto 
 iTt riH—wt Wl tiM 
 tod tko iHiWi ••UmI 
 tloM M lA* bofkm iM 
 MMHk. HwryMiiM 
 xm> Mtaltjrt but ho had 
 ijr fbr tMr MtatoMMa 
 rMdjr for Mil, bvl h« 
 onwo. HoMMl,llMra- 
 lavjMbtUlHtiadirkli* 
 
 WW MMBtlally BMMMiy 
 
 iIm bitwwB t*0 rivak 
 
 I wM Mlltd iaio phv. 
 Im timr «t lilt. Mk 
 
 lMllMMM0«iaMlO«lM 
 
 I that aho^ kaa^ Hw 
 laad Mwrdhn^r C l wrtw 
 id oMawMboraf pa^iay. 
 
 Ij proTod tkat llM ooadMl 
 MMwk, Md Om ailMk of 
 via«a by Do LaapMi% 
 kkMiiAUM a«B|ofliMi «f 
 
 Lirt Off ■MBI VIII. 
 
 108 
 
 VraiMia I. Fraiw**, •• »Ha o«h«» iMad, 
 •aaaHad ibol ha Im4 b««« litapljr iMotud 
 by lb* •niMrar atklng for iha h«nd of iha 
 PrtaooM Mary io marviaf •• •'ban ha hoa« 
 alM WM batroihtti to tho yooai Pauphin. 
 aa wall aa by hia rafMaM lo rtaiura 
 Navana ta iba miduw «f J»an ri'Albrtt. 
 Thaaa two aetloaa «r»r« k flanraat vtolatioa 
 oflhalraaty. Both ratartad iha matiar, ta at* 
 corJaaaa wiib iba Iraaly ol Nayon, to llanry . 
 Wolaay'a dopartura for CJalaJa. whara ha 
 «M M art M iba aovar«l«n'a ra)>raaaa- 
 Udtvo. «aa a ramarkabia avaat. Ha 
 wtib Mm Iba aaal of iba hloff 
 aad IbfM eoMMlaaiosa ffom tba 
 
 _. Tba Oral, wblab eonfrrrad on h»i«i 
 
 HM tltla of Uoaiaaaal-M«*«nl. auibortatd 
 hh* M tmiki^ to M**!* tba diapala 
 W>mw ObariM and Ftiaeta. Tba aaeoad 
 IvwiMI btai tba powar u> Maba a naw 
 liaaly wtib rrancia. Tba ibird gavo btM 
 foil powar Io aalael aa allt« tba aiaparor, 
 llio Popa, tba King of Praaea. or any olbar 
 Mnnar^O Woiaay, tbarofora, «M tbo 
 ■Maaaagarofoltbarpaoeaorwar. HaatHatad 
 Otfala(l(Mb Aonwl) aorid tba paalian of 
 balla and aalalaa frma Iba aaaaoa. Tba 
 eoararBBOo coraaiaaaad o« tbo morro* 
 by Botaal raorlMioatioaa. Tba Pkaaab 
 aaaaatd Chariw V. of havtan rloUlad Iba 
 lNMyofNoytM.laraMtainftNavam. Tba 
 iMpartaUaM. en Iba olbar ba«* 
 tiul tba coarmtbM of Koyoa bad 
 wiaalad tnm ihair MoalM by fnnd a^ 
 TMantib Mid ooMplalMd te bUtar laraM 
 of FroMia bMrisff aUadaaHaalr aaaiatad 
 BnkHldakkllaNb. Tba aa t dh a l pwlaadad 
 to aMMl Hw pan of na faaiwrlkl Jiidfia, 
 «h« dai^Md tobagoidad by tbaroica of 
 MMiiaMa aluM^^ 
 
 Tba ttWiia laildwli of tbta royal fcraa. 
 a wbiak Mrt wvonIcm. tba oao wiOdiag 
 Iba OMpiro of Inward iba Oonfaaaor. tba 
 olbw ilfdod wkb Aw aarord af CbarlaaMRBa, 
 Mtod Iba pact of owwl dM ito to Woiaay. 
 ora piaaarrad to tba Britiab Maaaon. tbat 
 vaat d<Hk af tba J i pla Ma Ha anUraa of 
 Bogtead ia tba alstaaatb oaatery, wbara K 
 ana ba faOoirad aaaaa by acaaa. Cbarlaa, 
 ■dMtltid fartadw aacratoftba drana by 
 Wobwy . aalad tba part af a 
 
 kat«bt, and lboa«h ba bad baaa pravahad 
 by hta rtral lo»»*a« »p^». •*»» •♦• •« 
 raatif to abida by tba daeiatMi ol hw hrotUr 
 af Ba||laad.(«) 
 
 Aa to fran«<a. tba »io«lia offtrad hi 
 aaatitoa, ha waa eanaaiarf for cua«aailaf 
 hliaaalf. Ho mu«h dnl ha —m im <lraad 
 Iha BrHlab ambaaaadwa, thai in ordar la 
 arotd IboM, ba bad raaooraa to arary hind 
 of low otiaalnc. On* day, ba waa huntlac. 
 aaelbar mahtati a pobtte antry Into UiioM, 
 and a third ba waa obll||Ml lu ooafcaa aad 
 loach Iha aleh.O Tha latparlallala taamad 
 IO ooaido la Wolaay'a loyally, bal oa 
 laavinc Iba confaraaaa tbay woald balaka 
 Ibamaalvac Io tba mlniniar, aad f^ fhNB 
 tba obaorvaltoa of tba rarioaa. would 
 aaula tba baaU of a Iraaly balwaan tbair 
 HMalar aad tba King af laghiad. TbU 
 proof of tba dapHrity af tiu InffHab 
 gavamMant la ovidaat fram PBea>a aAalal 
 laMara. Tba eardlnal abamafally balrayad 
 Praaoia. Ha proniaad tba Princaaa Ma^ 
 to Iha ainparar, wtUrd Iba Uma whan Iha 
 A.000 arahaia aboold Inrada Franaa i wbon 
 tba Bofliab laal ahould aacSor la Iba 
 Praneh porta i wbaa Iba Bwlaa, wboM ho 
 bopad to (ain orar, aboold baaWna DIJoa. 
 aad avaa want ao fbr m to dlrlda Iba apaUa 
 wbleb tbair vietory would rIvo than. 
 
 But ona obalacla wraaad for a moiatat 
 to bo a aara alambUng-bloek to Haary, 
 wbo waa bapt, altboagb at Oraaawieb. 
 aa ttmnmt wUb arary drcnmalaaoa aa H 
 iraaapirad. By riafaniag tba traaty af 
 Noypa, ba would, aa a aat trr cf ooana, 
 brMt tba aaanal paaaloa wblab nnacbi 
 bad tUlibaariffaivly paid. Tbiadiaivlly 
 bad baaa aal te lpa to d by WalMy. Ia Hwi 
 
 (a) Thaawparor.catwitlMlaBdhailhafBaiaf 
 wMak tha Praaob Ung hM aaaaad la ba I 
 
 bi hia laaha af Havana, will aol 
 opiaion I but tha Uag'a araaa aball M Ua pMl 
 haawdialar ibr Iba aaauytaff af all variaaeaa 
 
 C! 
 
 ) Maptak— lyawr 
 
 PMans XIII., 748. 
 
 lailar to 7iia> 
 wiUiaah Itik iaaa, l»fl.— MM. Oai, V, 
 VIIL.P AS. 
 
 («) Sir R. JamiafdMai toA PiinrUUaM 
 laport "that oa tha lYlh thay wara toM ibay 
 aoaU bM aaa Piaacla," baaa a aa ha waa 
 hnatbig ; oa lltk, bacaaM ba aad Ua aMtkM 
 weaMauka a publia aainr bilo UUaai aad oa 
 IMi. bacanaa, baina WUt-8«nday. it waa a 
 Mdh-day. and ika Ung coatMaad aad baalad 
 a3k Ulki bal aa Maaday they ahaald ba 
 adialttad^Ut' «. «4lk May, Mtt-, Ik. p. dt. 
 
 ■i| ». 
 
Uf« •» M»n viu. 
 
 1M 
 
 •I A* CtMOO piktf kf 
 
 •artkr •»• «* "•••'f VII. »fc« ••f'" 
 
 ««gai|ad In ^r 4i).<)00 iMflia H<nry »«>ai4 
 
 md Im1m4 ki wm w «<<ti«ht««t widi 
 WolMy'a •rvMffMWflia. that k« kM« m !»•• 
 I* MMff«MiMia« hiHi «« b'« •«*■«*•» (*) 
 TIm HMiUr matt, white panuiuM lb* afli<n«l 
 
 «anwpo«4MM M«Mn F««« •O.I W..l.«r. 
 hMfiM kiiMalf !• He «a4M mm Moiut- 
 frtoM k«C<^«MW. TiMt kMMiato mlni«t«f 
 «M bf M MMM Mli«l«l vith Um f»f oara 
 N bMt raMi*«4 fciwi Hanry M»» aearlrt hal, 
 lita Iwa awaaaa an W||ala. bka Ar«li*M«k<>|»r4c 
 •r y^k. Ma «ml aaiOa. kia Mrif banalUaa 
 vara Bill aMunlli ba/ofw Mw»aUg iba 
 ArrnM or it. IViUf . ba wiabad to lubi at ikc 
 lMa«l irf Uia 6,000 afdian wbnw RagUna had 
 IwtadI for tiM fwrpew ol kavadiaf ¥9 »•«».(*) 
 It MtRlit ban baaa aaid tbal tha Uwrala 
 irtlaa4 bf Jaliaa 11. pfavantad Ua alaapiaf . 
 Ha »iah««l to wiali a a«rerd aa larRC ■« 
 thai wbieh MMmmI Anffaki bad plaoad 
 Hi Iba PaatUTalMMd. kt gttmtlin^kt*! ^ 
 Iba anar •< atpadilloa. M wooM ba for bka 
 «•> pt«faf« Um royal raatdaaeaa o« Iba road 
 |» Farta. Haory «a«ild oaly bava to 
 UOomJ^) Tba bkng «raa raady to obay all 
 tha whlaa af Ma niknkttot i ao tbat tba poat 
 wM nRbt »ba« ha aaid tbal Wolaay bad a 
 iovanaat with Satan. 
 
 Wbila tbaaa nafoltattoiia wara pandkng. 
 Wolaay'a lalian to Fianela aviaoad iba 
 
 ia> Tba Mag baa faaai»ad yowr two latkaia, 
 4«iad Calab^iba 4th of ibU woaih. 3, tbaaj. 
 
 Sbkcbaaaa paiaaivat tba aarioaa dkapuiMona 
 «Ma Jtmt Rfara and iba amparor*. m^m*^ 
 
 rr:,,,^ ^ IlkaUba^ abatl laai. *t ba btaak 
 wtebiba' rIaiKbTiaf. and H» '^ aa»|«of. 
 
 k.. J — . ._J aU*B wak 
 
 _ ____ and davatodaaaa to tba* 
 
 •Marab. HmttJ d ia l aw n l ibat ibara vat 
 ii.li a |ia«k»a vl tmib i« iba •• dU iba« to 
 VM iM'tial, aad M«ain<l«l ih» prtnaa ti 
 lb« a«rvl«M !»• ha.1 ak-af* f«n<Uf»d bi«. 
 l)u(Kal, «M»a "I tba abUa* dn»t..ii»»K«*« »bal 
 yraaeta aituld lad tii rapraMai bi« al 
 Cftlaka. daaakrad bf Wolaaf . ibaa wrjia to 
 bt« maala* i "llira,— ITia cardinal, on going 
 Iw Maaa. infor«a<l «• «( Hia H«inK •<> uawtll 
 thai ha fould tmttmit li«aj» hn «a.ldla. Ha 
 aabadmatf Ibadalitur. Cuiild I gat ona. 
 1 •buuld Mad it Sito. ihough ki coat ma Iwiaa 
 Iba valua. Kowawr. four laaiaatf would 
 dt wail m aaod hiw ooa. You liao* bknii 
 Md I fa*l aa«an<i tbal aaub a laarb of f oar 
 ■^^y'a aMaaltoa would not ha l4>at."(') 
 
 Tba Uttaf did not arrtva in tioM. Uaiuna**. 
 Iha ampaaor'a ohancallar, raaomiaaaaad 
 Ma dkacua^n witb Dupral. i>n>i flnkabad 
 toy daalafing Ibal bka maatar woul.l baar 
 of BO aoadiltoa ualil ba bad facaivad aatta. 
 faolion from fraaaa»(^ a> J W..laaf, upoa 
 tbia prataat, Uft Calala to traal dkractly 
 wtok tba awparor. Tha eardknal dacakvad 
 tba FraMb ambaaaador. Ha laft for 
 Br«ga^ vhktbar ba had baaa aummaoad by 
 a laliar tnm Ckariaa,(') aftar pratandiag 
 to to aioaadlng^ aanoyad by OaUiaara'a 
 obatlaaey. Hka raal ohfact waa to gira 
 tto Kkafl of laglaad auflekaat luaa to pra. 
 pMa lor war agalaat FranaaC*) Wolaay 
 lafl wMi a aulto of 400 gantknMa. aad 
 travoraad thoaa vary plaiaa whkcb ha had 
 bofura with a ronAdaolkal 
 
 %?Tf!?tf.tofa«a..«b .h.»l.««tb. 
 »i;rfg,aC9l«dia.a.ballba.a.. tfartb»a .ld 
 
 to tba MMaror. »««ir yro^ **?VS?TaJu 
 War aa/faaar* lA« aaaM ftmnfV al ibaU 
 anival to iba aaid aaiaafor. aad to f^*^ 
 
 tbk aalo yoat graaa'a wlad««.— M*-- Coll., 
 «.,b..^l..pl». ...^.tararia 
 
 Uag'a awa 
 
 (4) MM. Balbaaa. Ma. totl. tba praoM. 
 
 Ui tba »fii»ah Maaaiua ata la to aaaa tha 
 Mooh of Wolaay'a dkftoaalia talrigaaa. A 
 
 • Iha eaidiaaCa lalian aBaluda all Maa af 
 oon„,Uaa.- bat ba bad aot aaaiabod tha 
 arobiwut Rngiand. 
 
 }») I mala alaa In -y raaehiUoB to ««■ 
 dada wlih yoa anraalf. aad to aaa aaiMy 
 yonr paod ad*l« and «»J«~^-»:f^„f^ 
 
 CbarlaTv. !•» Wolaay. -Br«|ta«,7ib Aagoat, 
 
 (ri Aavwlng r*' biAaaaa. I hL^- . .i.:^ 
 MtbbNl to ito aapaa4i7 of aiy kalaadmaa' Ihat 
 
 t hava omiMad 
 
 r^JUSl la aay wiaa irad 10 Iha adwmwmaat 
 ^(rm hw-wir, or fufltoiaaea of Iha aaia 
 MlJuMat of tbM tiaea liatwaaa Ihaaa giaal 
 
tjra m «««•* vttt* 
 
 i«y 
 
 i4 4«vo(w(ii«M •• iIm* 
 
 ih in ilM •• ^U tlwt IM 
 iMtiMlwl ih» prtnM •! 
 
 •I««)r* r«n4«r«d ktNk 
 ibU«t tii|>l<>twMi«'a IImI 
 
 III r«pr«M«i kioi •• 
 WolMf. iHiM wrjW «• 
 ■ I'h* Mriltnki, on going 
 M Iff Hi« baioK ••* unwt II 
 \f kM)) ki« txliiU. lU 
 itur. Coultl I KM on«, 
 , iho«i«h U c«Ml m« !••«• 
 If, roar inkMy '•••••^ 
 
 on«. You kiio« hkm i 
 li«i •ut'h • iMrh <>( your 
 ■roultl ««• Jw lii««."(*) 
 irri«« in lint. U«iuaa«% 
 inrallOT, r««amnM<iM<l 
 I Daprsl. i>n<i flnUbMl 
 hU BUMtor woaU h«u 
 III ka had rM«iv«<l m***- 
 • >(*? A'li WnlMx, upo* 
 C«Uia !• trMi dlrvctly 
 
 Tlw cMdkiMl iloctlvtd 
 Mtador. H« Ufi (or 
 
 ImiI bmu •uamoiMd bf 
 irlM,(') Bftor prtundiim 
 MnofMl byOdttiur*'* 
 Ml oliiMt WM to Rir* 
 nd •ttflcloot UiM to pr*. 
 Mt rrMiM.(l) WolMjr 
 •f 400 RanUmMB. aad 
 iry plaiM wliicli ha had 
 M wUb • conAdaolkl 
 
 M. Mo. Mil. tko prmit' 
 iffiiM «t OtUte U in Ibo 
 BoibiM. No. 1170. IIm 
 DHoral vhh fraiMto 1^ 
 lo. ftfl. Md »4W. »M 
 MttM MW 10 b* WW tho 
 I 4tf|MM*lU) talrimM. A 
 [lf.X»»oflg«M) u* Midi 
 U«m MoTudo all IdM of 
 ko had M( (Munhad tha 
 d. 
 
 M In my fHohitiaa ta aa»> 
 lyaoir. and to wo aaiMy 
 •nd oottaaaL— Latlar iraoi 
 iMy.-Brvita*, 7ili Aogual, 
 D.VIII p». . , 
 
 ■ar klirtiaoM. 1 !»▼• omiMad 
 Mii7 of aiy tailmdmatt? ihM 
 M irnd 10 III* •at««ne«nwt 
 or furtlMiaaca of tkt ••(• 
 , traea l«at««« thaio (lau 
 
 lltarr VII. la llai»«4to« 
 Hm taaaary kad Ma« fkangcd TWro «wa 
 tko U»«i pUlaa ol Ar«o««. dlToatad af »faaa. 
 kol fteh In paaiufo land Wka» a «ka*|l|a 
 kad Ukw* i»lar« »" ika »r«»«ll«» I fJCaaii 
 yaara a||u. iwiw •9«»ld k«»a tt.»|»^l to look 
 at i}i« foot pAMi aa ka paaaod ai«n« al<>ti« 
 aad wlthoul alwadaBl* i now Ika |>a|Mil»- 
 ttua f»« lorwafd ••»••# to ■■•• «a ona who 
 kad c>ta«l •mporof* •«'• king* t«» kit bar. 
 PlAaan rtait •gi.oo • kif«d kor»», ha hor- 
 tUi\ o» wttkovl laklnii any ra«». h.ika.1 la 
 |Mir«|>lrtUo«, and worn omI by fai»«tta i bui 
 n„w, M«t«l undar a |ia»ill"n wUh a |iaiaaol 
 karlMR a fuld kandla. oirar kia h«a<i, to 
 ptviaat kiM from «ka raya of tha auo. ka 
 waa« by akott ataffaa, aurrtrtindad by Ionia, 
 dahaa, aad paara of iba raalm. wbo bald 
 hia aUrrup wh»n ka wiahad to dUmoOnt. 
 rtftaan yaara tgo ha eouW •rarrr'y hara 
 nkaad •aAoiani nw.nay l«» l>«» a windmtll i 
 MOW ha aoald for raady eaah, purebaM tha 
 wkola ti*ot ol wwntry baiwaan ()alala aad 
 Brvfaa. niwan yaara a«o. ba ai^yad bla 
 •omII ravaana In paaaa of mind. Wbo 
 M«ld lalt MH* If ba waa not aaian up «l(b 
 nnoraa, and if wblla on iba road ka did not 
 fcal mora tban onca tba panft of a coo- 
 aelanoa III at aaaa i far ba waa ta« riab lo 
 ba lunoeant, too powarfUl to ba at mmt 
 Wolaay waa laealvad ai Bruffaa. oa If ba 
 iMd baaa • pewtrftol tmrafdi|pi. and eon- 
 4M«ad lo tba laiiartal pdsM wkare Cbarlaa 
 f braoad blm bafara all bk cowtinfa. A 
 aamptuoua atiMa of apartmaata bad baa* 
 prapand for bin. Pantiaab bapi Rtiard at 
 Madoorbf ■kffMwidday. Hialabbwaa 
 e«««r«d with HMMa aravary kiad pttparad 
 bf tba baat aooka.(>) and. aMa tba fkcatioua 
 abnwlflar, wtaa waa .at d.*caaH.(*) Tba 
 pnlaia. a jorlal |«aM. by ao naaaa a da- 
 aaUar of food cbaar, did too moeh bonour 
 la bia boat* a tabla. aad aaAwad a litila 
 I^Maladiaaatioai b«»a»a»baattribotadhla 
 iadiapoiMaa ta tba praaaara of bvalaaaa.(*) 
 
 •riaeaai aakiag laaaar aiaa aboda Un to 
 !«feal ibaaaTlfuaa ratkat tor ktapjoa your 
 
 C'^oa aai of ifca waia lUI ya migbt •aftdwily 
 AiNiiahad for tfea auaa. «ba« f«f a»y aifcar 
 MHM or ooeaaloa.-MiW. Qalka. B. Vll . 
 p. 40. 
 lai Hall, 
 (k) Hall 
 
 
 Haary iioa^^aalatad wttb tba ran) orl«ln af 
 Wk« U»«mrM«'* Mn*m, ranaurad kim aairaftll 
 for iMi||l*«t)n« kia haallk, and kada klia do 
 M no •iora.(<) Ilia iinltapoaiUaa »aa not 
 by atiy laaana aa»ara » for a fa* Jara aftat, 
 Walaay raaommaaaad kla «rurk. and ai«n«d 
 )n kia maator'a nama a laa««a olbnatva and 
 dafanalva in eunjm»«i«i«»« '•'*•' Cb»».as 
 a«ainai fmnvla. Tfcia tranly waa aallad tba 
 Am« p4ar«««ai (*) 
 
 It now baaaoM Iba King of la«Und'a 
 (o<mI (ilaaaura lo hraah kla word, lo uar «p 
 tboaa vary (onvanUona aiRnad uo^lar iba 
 Inmcatton of ika H«ly TiinWy. and to par- 
 jura himaalf In tka ayaa of Ood and nmb. 
 Iloaa Kngiiab klatorMwa bara andaaruurad 
 to }i«aiiry Ilia rondnct by aaaartlng ibai ka 
 waa only a lama tnatrumani In (ka kand* 
 of Widaay I fcowrrar. Ila«<ry waa no loi.«a» 
 a child, hut waa arliiaUd In •^'•rv atap ka 
 look by ambition. AtllM FWM af tba 
 Cloth of Gold, ba bad alo|.|»ad wbiU ana. 
 maraiing hia tlUrt, and da»ad no* add 
 JCfaf 1^ FumM. bui now, amboUlaaad ky 
 tha ancraaa ol kia Pramlar. tha Maekiatra^ 
 lian arah jwlaat^') b« waa wiUlag. II kt 
 oouM. to ataal a crown. Bnt ba did not 
 thiab of Pmacia, of that award witb a>hi«k 
 tba CbaraUaf da Bayard had arma » kit 
 ■watar, aftar Iha battU vf Martfnaor, m4 
 of that Ood wbo walla not for ttatuiiy ta 
 puniab a«ta of traaabary. 
 
 On bia itlura lo Calaia, Wolaay mat Iba 
 Fraacb ambaaaadora. Nuihing In hia coa. 
 dart coald awakaa iba alightral auapiaiaai 
 ba waa wmt moro cntirtaooa. Wbib 
 apaaking of Franeia. ba Uadad bla ebaraaiar 
 aa a prluca, and Duprat Imaarf-'-d that ba 
 might traat la tka uaebangrabia afmtiaa 
 of iba Klag «f lagland. A(Wr dinan', 
 tharafoia. ba look iba cardinal aaida. tmA 
 laid kim thai Fraacia bad mofa aaaldaaaa 
 la Haory tban In any oibar of bla *i:iaa.(l) 
 Haary wroU ihua about tbla ttma t "I 
 bar that wbaa FraaoU diaaavira all tbal 
 baa aoconad at Bragao, ba will lay •■ 
 
 :«) MBS. Oalka. lb. pp. M aad Itlb 
 a) Mia. Oalka. B. m. ^ KM. < 
 
 {•\ ytabn't laltar to tba king. Mlb Aug. 
 ~kW.Oatba,B.VIL.p.t I. 
 
 <«) I'ttmar. ^ \ t'i 
 
 (f ) 1 ha fhancallor of Frauca, altar ka ha« 
 dinad wlik ma. daclarod aipraaaly, ikal tka 
 klag kkt B»»iar halk in y««blB nwat aOMM 
 bato^ all atkai pii a aaa - MM. Oalh^ B. 
 Vll.. ^ SO. ,^i- V. 
 
Lint nr binby viii 
 
 m 
 
 mahttrgo on the EngUth vesMlt that are in 
 port M Bordeaux, and will atop the payment 
 of my penaion."(«) Theae apprehenaiona 
 ware welUfounded. but Wolaay loat no 
 time in intpirinx hia maater with confidence, 
 alleging that it waa impoaaihle for Francia 
 to he ao aoon aoquainted with what had 
 tnnapired at Bruge^.C") and besidea ha 
 would have too many enemiea to attempt 
 to confiacate the Engliah veaMla or atop 
 the pen8iona.(*) The cardinal aoon found 
 k pretext (furniahrd him by chance) for 
 breaking off the conference. He had drawn 
 op a project of peace between the rival 
 pmrera, entirely in favour of Charlee, when 
 it waa bruited abroad that Bonnivet, who 
 bad. while at London, thoroughly atudied 
 Wolaey'a character, had appealed to anna 
 by uking forcible poaaeaaion of Fonta- 
 nbia,(')and had thua opportunely ezpoeed 
 to view the pint that England waa hatching. 
 Wolaey, aa arbitrator, decided that France 
 had violated the peace, by thie act on the 
 part of her admiral, and that oonaequently 
 Henry waa compelled by the treaty of 
 Noyon to aid Charlea. It wu then aa- 
 aerted that Francia, the model of chivahry, 
 waa faithlf ii» and that Charlra, Wolaey'e 
 ■cconplioe, waa a prince of inwproachable 
 loyalty. Henry, who bad promiaed hia 
 daughter in marriage to the two prinoee at 
 once, who violated without a blnah all that 
 man regarded' aaaacred; who, while ooont- 
 tng with Ihe one hand the money ao n&- 
 gtoualy paid him by hia "good brother," 
 whom he betrayed, with the other eeanyed 
 the aword he waa about to draw agahut 
 
 (•) Wolaey thua writee on the 4th Septem. 
 her, 1521 :— " Conaldering the dangeia that 
 might eMue, by taking your navy at Bour- 
 deaus, and the auapicion that might be lm> 
 prcaaed en ti>e French Ung'a mind, by the 
 abatainiuf of your aaid navy from thiwce, 
 which muht cauae him to refrain, and atop 
 your penuon payable luto yon within briM 
 time: you deem me to conaider wbtA ia boat 
 to be dW— M88. Oalba. B. VII., p. 5a 
 
 (b) Aa yet for any bruit, or any thing con- 
 eluded with the emperor, they have no manner 
 auapicion.— MSS.ib. p. 51. 
 
 (•) I thiak the French king, troubled and 
 infeated with ao many enemiea and armiea on 
 every aide, will beware bow he attempU any 
 tUng againat you, whereby he ahall give occa* 
 aion or provoke you to break with him and 
 loin kia anemiaa.— MSii. ib, 
 
 («) Lingard. 
 
 him, wan, for » abort time, regarded in thd 
 light of an honeat man t and when we call to 
 mind that history ha» been for acme time 
 the innocent accomplice of tliia prince and 
 hia miniater, ought not our hearta to bound 
 with joy in applauding him who baa col- 
 lected at the Britiih Muaeum all the docu- 
 ments which throw such light on the 
 diplomatic intrigue of Bruge* i 
 
 Wolaey only looked i'orward for the 
 reward promiaed him by the emperor. 
 The chair of St. Peter waa about to become 
 vacant, and he aapired to it, aa if the tiara, 
 even in a political point of view, could 
 poaaibly be the reward of diplomatic akill.C) 
 Leo. who had not participated in the plou 
 ting »t Brugea, had junt obtained posaeatidn 
 of Parma and Piacenaa. Sforaa had re- 
 turned to Naplea. The French were 
 threatened with expukion from Italy, and 
 Sohinner, that implaoable enemy to .all 
 foreignera, would aing a TV Dnun in the 
 Baailica of St. Ambroae, in honour of hia 
 mountainaere. But the Pope did not long 
 eqjoy hia triumph. He breathed hia but 
 on the atat of September, 1521, at Mag- 
 
 The eondnva aaaembled on the morrow 
 of hia death. At that aolemn hour, Wolaey, 
 actuated by fear, or perbapa by hypocriay, 
 heaiuted, u if he dreaded the reaponaibility 
 of the papacy which iuliua II. and Leo X. 
 bad adorned. He apoke of tia weaknaaa 
 to hia piotaetora, and even murmured forth 
 the word bttmility.C) But the demoa 
 tempted him by exhibiting to him th« 
 tiara, and Wolaey yielded. For him WM 
 the gloiy of the Vatieaa, the papnoj , aad 
 the world; and we are aura, that lik« 
 Bichard III., he would have wilUngijr given 
 up all hia graodeitt for » hone to eonv^ 
 hhn to Borne. Ho deapatoked maaaenger 
 after meaaenger to Charlea to maind hia 
 of hie. promiac to Vte% |w i ng him to 
 gain Of buy the votaa. The mend ooUage 
 deliberate ; the oardinate m in their eelle. 
 Each evening the TOtea of the day an 
 bnmed aad the aahaa thrown into the fire, 
 the aoMka of whieh anaouneea to the 
 people that the Holy Ghoet ia atill nnlo. 
 At laat he haa apoken, and a barbarian.ia 
 
 (•) Fiddae. 
 (()Fiddaa. 
 
rt tiiM, raK«rdad in tlw 
 ISO t anil when wc call to 
 ia» been for aomfl lima 
 plice of tliia princa and 
 not ouf hcarta to bound 
 iinff hiro who haa col- 
 i Muaaum all the doou> 
 w such light on tha 
 of Bruf(e« i 
 
 oked i'orward for tha 
 hini \>j the emparor. 
 ter waa about to bacoma 
 red to it, aa if the tiara, 
 I point of view, could 
 wd of diplomatic akill.C*) 
 participated in the plou 
 jurtt obtained posaeatian 
 cenin. Sfona had n- 
 I. Tha French war* 
 pulaion from Italjr, and 
 iplaoable enemy to .all 
 ling t TV Dmm in tha 
 broae, in honour of hia 
 It tha Pope did not long 
 I. Ha breathod hia laat 
 iplembar, 1521, at Mag< 
 
 •ambled on tha morrow 
 lat aolemn hour, Wolaajr, 
 w perhapa bjr bjrpocriaf, 
 Ireadad the raaponaibility 
 sh ioliua II. and Lto Z, 
 I apoka of iiU waaknaaa 
 ind eveo mnrmutad fortb 
 ty.(f) Bat tha damoa 
 
 exhibiting to him tha 
 r yielded. For him wa« 
 iTatiean, tha papaoy.aad 
 
 w« an anra, that lik« 
 wild have wilUngltjr givm 
 w fot » hoiaa to eonv ^ 
 la d«apatohad maaaangtr 
 I Charlea to twaind hia 
 > PlMfb pnwing him to 
 itoa. Tbe MMtad ooUaga 
 irdinata m in their ealla. 
 « TOtoa of tha day »r« 
 that tbnnm into the fire, 
 Ueh MUMHweea to tha 
 ioly Ghoft ia atill mttta. 
 token, and a bMfhnritn.id 
 
 >) Fiddaa. 
 t) Fiddaa. 
 
 Lire or miritT nit 
 
 100 
 
 aleated to govern the church j ha ia called 
 Adrian, and is Bishop of Tortosa. Ha 
 had long professed theology at Louvain, 
 and waa tha eon of a p^wr weaver. Braa- 
 mua wae one of his pupils.^*) 
 
 Adrian, the new Pope, was Indeed eleoud 
 by Divine Providence. Now that, thanka to 
 the eon of Lorenio the Magnificent, theo- 
 logy, history, philosophy, painting, music, 
 sculpture, language, have euccsssively re- 
 vived, that Rome haa again become the 
 source of light to Christendom j the world 
 ia no longer in need of a Pope who ia aa 
 utisi What it now wanU, and what 
 it hu in Adrian, ia a poor priest, who, on 
 entering Rome, takes off hia shoes and 
 traverses the etreeU barefooted, having 
 oo other cortigt than tha blind and the 
 paralytic.('>) Wolsey, and here we would 
 apeak of the Church as of an empire, at 
 the Vatican, would have been like the 
 golden calf. " Fortunately God waa mora 
 powerful in His Uttleftngeri" to use an ex- 
 preaaion of Luther's, than Charles who had 
 four crowns in hia shield, or Henry, who 
 called himeelf King of BngUmdand France, 
 or Wolaty, who led kinge and emperon. 
 
 The cai-dinal had been deceived by hie 
 accomplice. Charlee, forgetful of his pro- 
 mise, had but feebly aupported Woleey'e 
 diameAil intriguea; but happUy he knew 
 kowtoappaaachim. Inatripwhieh^hemada 
 abont thia time to London, and of wbioh 
 Hallhu deeoribwltha whma inddenta,(*) 
 V»» emperor promised to inereaae hia pen- 
 rionX^) and Wolsey, thioogh gratitude, 
 pcomiaed alaoon hiaaida, to devote himaalf 
 aoalandbodytotheamperor'acanae. Than 
 waa yet a gUmmcftag of hope left. Adrian 
 VI. waa a ^kly old man. and eoold not 
 poaalbly live long. Chnrtee accordingly, on 
 ^ Pontiff 'a (Icoeaaa, promiead to do all he 
 eonld to gat Wtdaey tha tian,(*) and the 
 cardinal anid witUa himaeif. **! ahdl be 
 Pope." While waitiag for the tiara, he 
 aottcitad aad obttiaad tha proloagatioa of 
 Ua anthori^ aa tagatein Bai^d. Wolaey 
 
 looked on hia two oroaeea aa eomethinic 
 very beautiful, and was delighted at hearing 
 his valets continually crying out to the 
 people, "Room for the Chancellor l" 
 "Room for his Holin.is's legale I" while 
 Adrian was descending the steps of tha 
 Vatican, leaning ou his staff, wbioh he had 
 not given up eince he left Tortoea.'V) 
 
 (f) In the British Museum, (MS8. Hsrl., 
 No. 980.) the offlcisi account of the expenses 
 of the cardinal and hU suite on their journey 
 f^om London to Csl»U. snd Csluls to Bruges, 
 is still to be seen. We giTc on extract of one 
 day's expenses : — 
 
 aOrn JuLT.— Bbsaxfast at DAnTVoao. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 Bread " 
 
 Buiier X 
 
 Beef » 
 
 Quarters of Mutton '^ 
 
 Pastry " 
 
 Malmsey Wine » 
 
 i 
 
 £0 4 8 
 
 Di!<MaR At RocHe«TBa. 
 IcsskofAle " 
 
 2 fst Capona 
 1 Pheasant 
 16 Quails .. 
 l6RabbiU 
 FilberU ... 
 Butter .... 
 
 6 
 U 
 
 4 
 U 
 4 
 
 £13 5 
 
 fa) CtaapeoioiaftaaMd Wolaey of Adrisa's 
 aliaoin-Jlirviten. B. V.. p. 7.. 
 (k) Cominf on feat to Bone, befera liM 
 
 Uh of Mem. 
 
 (•) HaU. 
 
 Rymei, XIIL, p. 7flB> 
 RoberiaoB. 
 
 Soma AT SrrriJioaotieKB. 
 
 Bread 
 
 1 cask of Ale • •• 
 
 3 Sheep • _ 
 
 IbreutofVeal » 
 
 4fctCapone " ? 
 
 4d08en Fowls " g 
 
 % doien Pigeons JJ 
 
 lejibbits 
 
 1 Ffeeasant " 
 
 leQuails , «' 
 
 Cream ... 
 
 Milk 
 
 Butter ... 
 
 Bggs ••••< 
 
 Flour ..... 
 
 Vegetablea 
 
 Mustard „ 
 
 3 barrela of Deer *| 
 
 18 gallona of Wine 
 
 Oatmeal 
 
 1 Vinegar J( 
 
 SoarOrapee X 
 
 Salt X 
 
 Wood and Coa) for Us Otace'e room 
 
 Ditto, for the Kitchen and Oven 
 
 9 
 7 
 10 
 
 
 6 
 4 
 
 a 
 
 5 
 i 
 i 
 
 8 
 6 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 13 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Hia Oraoe'a Apartmente 8 
 
 3 dosen Ibe. of Oaadlea « 
 
 Fhmr for tha Oven 8 
 
 To tta Sarvaat....^.. '?:•••.«•••• * <> 
 
 8 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 it 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 8 
 
 S 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 3 
 
 
 i 
 3 
 1 
 3 
 4 
 
 P 
 
 8 
 9 
 8 
 8 
 
 «♦" 
 
 01 8 
 
110 
 
 uri or KSVBT thi. 
 
 By mnm of Ihit doounmt we may Mwily 
 know ilw price of ihe variutM mUeltti of loud 
 •I iko oommenc«meui of lb* Itilh century : 
 
 4) MaokAreli 
 
 8 Turbuie .i ••••••• V 
 
 13 Wliiiingi • • 
 
 4UUUvi>ti)re 
 
 3t!iibbage« 
 
 (JLAlkiiaa* ••• ••••••• V 
 
 9 Duck* 
 
 d. 
 II 
 
 a 
 
 a 
 
 6 
 3 
 7 
 
 4 
 
 * 9,i. 
 
 18 Woo dc 3 <A f 7V 
 
 eFutridfea 4 4 
 
 At Dofcr, hb craee peid 8i for 4 cepune t 
 •t CeUlt, 1*. for loapon; Nt Uunkerqiie. Ih. 
 for a cepoo*: utd 3*. for 3UU efga. Un 
 'I'hurtdey. lit Auguet, l.UUO •»(• wvre etUn 
 at Ihe cardinal's lupper, at Dorer, for which 
 I at. 4d. were given. The total «;ipen«e ftnr 
 the terrioe of the Cardinal from 9lHh July to 
 let Deeenher, amounla to <4,348 18*. M. 
 
 CHAPTER XIV. 
 
 A NEW WAB WITH FBAK0B.->^^:5».UM. 
 
 A new Lceri* •««li»« Franee.-lfeane emptored by Wqleey to ralee enbeldlet.-DelietM to *• 
 HonM of Conlmone. in which the MiniMer takee a part^More elected Speaker of Ihe Home of 
 0oinmoBi.-8npporU the project of Ihe Crown.— The anbsidiee Toted.- Warhan'e oppoeition to 
 Woto»y.— The Clergy.— Surrey inTade* France, and elier a campaign of a few momhe. la obl^ 
 to reVmberk.-De2ji of Adrian VI.— WoUejTe Intriinee to obtain the Tlara.-Ulerary foondaliooe 
 at Osford and Iptwioh. 
 
 In May, isaa. Sir Thomu ChcyiMjr Uiok 
 leave of the Kinx of Fraiica.(*) To the 
 «iabue»dor'i deeltrUion, that Chulea ob 
 karing for Spain, had left hia eauae in th« 
 hands of hia aUj, the King of Eagkad. 
 Prancia rtpliod with traa noUeBtea of hcan 
 that ha httliofad, that tiU ihat nomant. 
 Heniy nerer had any reawn i^van him to 
 eomplatn of hia eonduot) that ha had cob- 
 aeioDtioaaly kapt hia oath, and heen fcith* 
 M to hia wofdt and that in hia eanaa ha 
 «all know, with the aid of God. how to 
 dctend hia cfown i uid added, amiling, that 
 after aveh a mptuia, ha would not taka a 
 ringia atep towarda EnglaBd.(k) 
 
 FranciaooakinolongarbedoctiTad. A 
 lugna had been nyatwiously formed 
 againal Franea under the diraetion of 
 Wola^. Fianeia, in order to ocenpy tiw 
 liBf of Bagland, thoaght of divartinf hia 
 with ngafd t« Seotlaad and 
 
 (^ Dmp^ktt (Aayaey to WolMy.— MM. 
 ^^S^<rt«* arCkifar.te WalMF.-Ihw 
 
 Iiahnd. Sadoead by brilliant promieeo, tha 
 &url of Oeamond, the ehirf of a powarAd 
 party in Iralaad. engaged to raiae the ootiii> 
 try aa aoon aa tha French anny'ahoald hava 
 landed, and on the eonqueat of theialaad 
 being aftetad, to ehara it with Bichatd da 
 la Fole,(«) the aolc repfee«;.lativa of tha 
 Houas of York. Another advwaary, wfaoaa 
 Franeis daeirad to oppoaa to hia parBdioM 
 aiMmy, waa the Duka of Albany, appointed, 
 at the lavieet of the Qiaoan Dowager, 
 Ragaatof Scotland. 
 
 Margaret had !]«aitallad with harha»> 
 hand, flroa whom ehawfahed to badieaeaad l 
 for aba hwl b«Mrd that Jamaa IV.. bar 
 Srat biwbMid, liwpd thtae yaam after tha 
 
 auWMVNniiip «llttri«gatthitliM whM 
 aha had give* her hatid to tha Bari af Angva. 
 Albaaf »tli^ ba aenriaaabia t* Fkaaieat 
 tha truca batwaan Ba|^d and IwtlMtl 
 tedjoataqiired. Haaryoftv|dl*«aMwifc 
 oa aondithM of tha Uuka ff , 
 
 (•) 
 
 
* 9.*. 
 
 »••.••■•••••• 7 V 
 
 a 4 
 
 B« paid 8i fnr 4 Mpont t 
 pun; Mt Dtinkarqiiab Iftt. 
 3a. for 3UU egga. Un 
 t, l,UUO ens* wvra eaten 
 per, at Dnrer, for which 
 Th« total MpcDM for 
 rdiual from 9lHh July (e 
 lU to <4.34« la*. M. 
 
 tin Of HiirmT »ni. 
 
 Ill 
 
 14. 
 
 •nMdIn.— DtlwtN to O* 
 1 Speaker of the Home of 
 .— Warban'e oppoaitivn to 
 lit a few monlht, le obliged 
 lata.— Literary foandallMM 
 
 by briiliant promiiM, Um 
 
 tha ehirf of • powarAil 
 
 iga(l«d to isiw tbt eoMii- 
 
 French unajr'alnMld havo 
 
 I conqueat of tbeiaiaad 
 
 ihart it with Bkbacd do 
 
 Ic t>|iioa>i.tatiw of tho 
 
 .nothor advoraarjr, who* 
 
 oppoao to hia partMiowg 
 
 ilta of Albaiqrt appointod, 
 
 tlM Qtaoea Dowagir, 
 
 i. 
 
 l«amllad with hor boo* 
 iho wklMd to bo divoNod^ 
 rd tbat Javaa IV.. km 
 fd tbna jroon aflar th» 
 laddan, aad that hi imt 
 rJkrmtfiUnlkm wbia 
 uwdtothoBariofAnffM. 
 raanrioaabla to ftaaeai 
 n Bai^d tad Itttood 
 Hoary oCwid mmmr it 
 boUukooTAftMfbiiK 
 
 aipeCed. to which MarRarat would not 
 ]iBten.(*) Francif, in reply to thechall^nga. 
 aenthlm l.y Henry through aarenceaui.tho 
 harald-at-anne, laid an emharno on all 
 Enfflii'h vewH-la found in tha French porta, 
 aeitrd the British merchandiae, and aua- 
 ponded the payment of the annu-l |.en. 
 aion. Henry, by way of repriaal. placed 
 the P^nch ambaaaador under arreet, and 
 ordered the French reaidente to leara 
 Londoa. 
 
 War waa deoUred, but money wae wanted 
 to defray eipeneee. Wa are now amred 
 at one of the moet extraordinary phaeee m 
 Wolacy'a life. The minieur premieed, and 
 oven Ruaranteed aufficient aubeidiea, pro- 
 vided tha crown would aeoond hia meaeuree. 
 CoiDoiiaatonera t-eated with neoeaaary au- 
 tborlty ware aent into each county lo make 
 an inquiry Into iu reeoorcee. They were 
 alKi ordaiod to reitiater In evny pariah 
 the namoa of erery pariahioner from aix- 
 teen to eixty yeara of ege, uuder h» 
 napeoHTO UndUwd-W On ihair eanding 
 in their reporta, tha kinft found, aa Woleey 
 bad antlciprted, that the country waa 
 wcaHhy enough to defray tha expeneaa of 
 an Miraordlnary armament, and euficienUy 
 popolooa to <quip a numeroua ilMt. Henry 
 waanow quita ready to eommenoa hoaUlitiM. 
 Ha bad money and men «t bia ««»«»"<*• 
 Tbo omrdioal'e Inquiry roeembled ti»t 
 which Williun theConquerorbad dovieed.(«) 
 On tba Wth of Auduet, 1598, the mayor, 
 tbo aldermoi. «d tha w««Wi»eat »«ehM*« 
 •r tho eiu war* aommonad to tha ourdlnal a 
 pdoee. ud locaifod with gtrnt eourta^ by 
 
 ^SSbottaK eowwBlcrt** to thorn tbo 
 toatmotiona whtab the royal eom«-looera 
 
 SLd r*»lT*l with «g«d to thdr i«-l 
 
 ML^«dI«»truatyo«rwodiiieaatooWmo 
 Mm. He only MkaottWa moment ten par 
 -at OB your Ineomo foe tba aerrleaa 0* tbo 
 
 •Itta. It to mr «w»^ •• J"» "^ ■*• 
 
 yoo to totm«k«wrtha wltteofywirprtfan 
 
 ft) Heiheit.--8iowa.— Haarn. 
 (e) HafisdeilhityiW* 
 
 propeHy. You will not, 1 know, deceire me. 
 fbr I bf Here loan depend »n your loyalty. W 
 Then one of the merohante, interrupting 
 the cardinal, inquired i "Will your grace 
 kindly inform ua how we are to advance 
 the ten percent, to the king r " Inepeoie. 
 replied the cardinal » " in plate, in Jewele, 
 aa you Uke." "My lord," replied one of the 
 aldermen, "about two monthi. elnca the 
 city lent the king £20.000 in apecie, e^- 
 though we are not rich in oaah. You weU 
 know, my lord, that a merchant may bare 
 hie etorea filled end hia coflere empty. 
 "Therefore it ia that I told you that hia 
 MHjevty will take what you gire him. money 
 or lewela." The merchanU returned a few 
 daya after. "Are you ready." demanded 
 the cardinal: "can the king truet to your 
 patriotiam J" " M y lord," rejOied one of the 
 delegatra. " you will not. we truet. compel 
 ua to declare on oath the amount of our 
 privaM property, becauae. firat ef oil, wa 
 koowltnotouraelveei and aeoondly. tha 
 wealth of a merchant ia mora flotitioua 
 than real, and repoaca leea on tbo merchan- 
 diae that be baa than on hia credit. We will 
 not. therefore, perjure oureeWea by giving a 
 valuation which would not be baaed on 
 truth." " You are huneet men. and I wiab 
 to abow you tbat I alao know how to bo 
 generouat I ehaU lake aa my baaU tb« 
 credit tbat you have mentioned. It la your 
 fortono; let each of you then draw oat 
 hilla aooording to hie credit. It ia no» 
 rcqnhita toe ma to apeak of tha eervioa tbat 
 he wW be thue confcTing on the aUta, com- 
 palled, aa It now ia. to levy two armiaa. tbo 
 oneto ebaetiae France, and tba other to keep 
 Sootbmd in check. I wn p««itiva tbat tbo 
 eb* baa mora than £8,000.000 in marehaB- 
 diea.- "Woold to God," aaid one of tb« 
 ddegataa, '*tbat London waaaowoalthyi 
 but tbM to perfaoUy impoaeihto whlto w 
 many forelgnera onjoy our benellm. 
 " Lcnvo tbat to me," lepltod tba cardinal, 
 " I ahaU got tt altered. If I think it right. 
 I aball npeet you on Satordayt you win 
 «»• mo • writua dectoration, and yon may 
 
 net aaaurad tbat I ehaU ha prudent and not 
 
 '• The poof merebanta, aaye the dtronidir, 
 UM away endly. neeured befbiehand that 
 
 \ 
 
118 
 
 Ura OT SENKT vm; 
 
 their roral debtor would fall, Md th«r«ror« 
 thtj murmured aKaintt thin obligatory tox. 
 But thay were too well MqnainUd with the 
 cardinal not to )m present at the appointed 
 tendeivoue. They, therefore, went to St. 
 Paul'e, where they met Dr. Tonneye. the 
 mSniiter't secretary, to whom they Rave the 
 requisite documenU.(i) It not Haltjustiaed 
 in pitying these London mershents, models 
 of loyalty and truth, who feared to perjure 
 themselves by RirioK an inexact account 
 of their private fortune} But thia tax 
 on commerce was insuAoient to support 
 the armament that Bnitland wu preparinff, 
 Henry, during the last eif(ht yean, fuU 
 lowing the example of his father, had 
 diapansed with the servioea of Pariiament. 
 The want of money, however, compelled 
 him to convol(e the houaea for the 13th of 
 April, at Blaekrriars.(i>) 
 
 The king, at the opening of Parliament, 
 eat on a velvet throne i and or, his right, a 
 little below him, were the Cardinal of York 
 Md th" Archbishop of CanUrbury. Dr. 
 Tunstall, Bishop of London, delivered the 
 opening speech. Sir Thomu More waa 
 eleeted Speaker of the House of Commons. 
 On taking possession of the chair, he 
 declined, according to eustom,C>) the high 
 Agnity which the house deeirad to confer 
 on him, and referred with the modesty of a 
 fbetorioiaa to his ignorance and inability. 
 " How covld he ever date apeak befofo 
 • minister whose talente aa a iteMinan 
 ««ie only equalled by an eloquence not 
 inferior to that of Oicer» 1 Would he not 
 lemable Phormio diaeuasing the art of 
 WW with Hannibal r 
 
 The cardinal answered that hie If ^eety 
 lud been long acquainted with the expe. 
 tieoee of Sir Thomaa Mora, and that he 
 would certainly approve of the choice of 
 Ihe Coomons. On the morrow, the qnee- 
 tion ngarding the number of the cardinaPa 
 Ir^ waa biongfat before the houae, some 
 of the m e mbera bong of opfnioa that the 
 iBiniater ought not to be attended by an 
 iMgo a mito when he eaaie to tiie honao. 
 
 M HaU. 
 
 fb) Uagaid. 
 
 (s) It had been usual far persons, when pio- 
 aeaad to be nedcsfs, to declue that oOoe^ fiom 
 •sua of thflir own faienAeieacy.-'Joha Hat- 
 wQ'a pieeodenta of piooeediBCB^R«ver. 
 
 More, in a attain of ironv which eMeilad 
 ahouto of laughter, pmpoeed that the 
 minister should be ettended with all the 
 emblems of his various digniiiea \ hie cro«a> 
 bearers, and the bearers of his mlue, 
 hat, and aeals of state i so that the cardinal, 
 who doubtless wished that the aeerecy of 
 their deliberationa should never he violaud, 
 could not, in case of indiitcretion, accuse 
 any of the honourable membsrs (d ) Ilia 
 motion passed. 
 
 Wolsey replied to Sir lliomaa More'a 
 whimsical projects, by coming to the house 
 with an unwonted corT^t of temporal and 
 aplritnal peers, and in a splendid suit of 
 ▼eetmento auch as he had never yet worn. 
 He waa the bearer of a royal maaaag% 
 which he communicated to the Commona* 
 It was a declaration of war against tho 
 King of Prance, " who called himself the 
 mast Christian king, and yet violated hla 
 pledged faith, troubled the psaoa of the 
 world, and traltoroualy invaded the domaina 
 of Charles V. Not satiafled with retaining 
 the annuity he waa bound to pay the King 
 of England, by virtue of the treatiea of 
 Toumay and TeroaMne,he had ploadanid 
 the snbjecM of hie Britannic Majesty, laid 
 an embargo on some merchant vasaele 
 belonging to the city, excited Scotland to 
 war, and anpported the claima of Riohard 
 de k Ptile t and on thaee groanda Henry 
 aaw himaelf oompeBed to appcd to arna." 
 The miniator, therefhro, in the name ef the 
 king, demanded of hie fMiltal anl^eeta 
 £800.000, nearly one-flfUi of tho property 
 of each citiien. or 4e. in the poand. The 
 message wm received in (dlent 
 Irritatod •* thair uettdnct, WoImj 
 and th$t easting an hdlgnut ghM* aft 
 the houae. thus addreaaed themi-^Oe». 
 tiemen, I aee among yon mm tlna ««• 
 learned man. I am here M tho Ung^ 
 repieeentMiva. and I an aurpriard thai w» 
 one haa answered no.** The house i»> 
 nahied dlent t whereon the cardinal toned 
 round to Mr. Murray, near whom he waa 
 ^ttinA. and said: "Speak, Mr. Murray^" 
 The honourable member araee, and aat down 
 mthout opening hie lips. The cardinal 
 now nddraesad eiM of the moat influenti»l 
 memban of the hooM, and aaid t " ' 
 
of Iron? which fMeitoil 
 •r, pmpoMd that th« 
 I cAundad with m\\ th« 
 iiui dtgniiUM I hia eroaa- 
 bearera of hia mitra, 
 lU ^ ao that th« cardlnalt 
 bed that tha aaeracjr of 
 ihould narer be riolkUd, 
 of iadiiicretton, MCina 
 mbla iiMnibara(<i) Hia 
 
 to Sir ThoioM Mora'i 
 br cominv to tha houaa 
 eort^t of tamponl and 
 d in a aplcndid anit of 
 ha had navar yat worn, 
 •r of a royal iBaaaan% 
 icatad to tha ComnoiM. 
 on of war againat tlw 
 ' who ealled himaalf th« 
 ig, and yet violated hta 
 ul>led tha pMMM of th« 
 uly inTaded the domaina 
 It aatiafled with retaining 
 I boand to pay tha King 
 rirtue of tha treatiea of 
 aanna,ha had plaadawd 
 I Britannic Majeaty, laid 
 aoma marvhant vaaaala 
 Bity, ewlted Scotland to 
 id the ctaiflM of Riohard 
 m thMe groanda Henry 
 taMwl to nppcnl to ama." 
 •afhn.inthenaaM*fMi« 
 of hit fMiftal aal^aeU 
 on»4Wh of thn praparif 
 
 4a. tn th«i ponnd. Thn 
 ived in dlant amaieaeiifi 
 
 uettdnct, WtHmr ninne, 
 ', an faidlgaMit giMMa aft 
 iddreaaed thMni~^0«»> 
 wng yon mon thm onn 
 ; am hen M th« Ung^ 
 id I an tarpriard that no 
 id na." The honaa i»> 
 hereon the cardinal tamed 
 urray, near wbon he waa 
 : •'Speak, Mr. Ma»ray<" 
 Bember araae, and aat down 
 I hia lipt. The cardinal 
 MM of tha moat inlluenti»l 
 
 hooM, «nd Mklt " 
 
 Uri or UBMRT Till. 
 
 lis 
 
 yan. lir, wUl yon apeak r Tha member 
 
 thiia tddraeml turned away hia hnd, 
 
 wl^«raon Wolaey, in a Toioe tremblioK with 
 
 paaaion. thua apokei " Gentlemen, your 
 
 alienee betokena guilt, anleaa it ba the 
 
 euatom of the Houae to axpreea ita opinion 
 
 through the Speaker. Sir Thomaa Mora, 
 
 will yon apeak )"(•) Sir Thomas Mora. 
 
 bending hia knee, replied, with more wit 
 
 than courage, that the mombera ware ill at 
 
 eaae in aoeing among them a atateaman 
 
 with whom none in the kingdom dare 
 
 diapuM I that hia praaence waa an infraction 
 
 •f their pririkgae i that it waa utterly im- 
 
 poaaibla for him, aa Speaker, to reply to 
 
 hia Drraea. unleaa the membera who bad 
 
 Totad fbr him would conaant to infooe the 
 
 oaaeneo of thair individual wiadom into tha 
 
 bnina of their apeftker.(i>) 
 
 Wolaey aroao, aaluted the aaaembly, and 
 teft tha hooaa. In tha evening, he aent for 
 Sir Thomaa Mote t "Would to God. Maater 
 Mon, Mid he. "that yon had baen at Home, 
 whan 1 had you aleoled Speaker." "Bag- 
 ging yonr graoe'e pardon." aaid Sir 
 Thomaa, langhlag, " I wonld rattier have 
 baan nt Roma than in tha Houae, for 1 
 ahoohl than have had tha kappineaa of 
 •aaiog a city whksh I atwnya had a great 
 wiah to vlaii."<*) Tha minialer. a few daya 
 ■ftar, obtained for tba Speaker n royal 
 biMn^r of £100. 
 
 Tba dabnto on tha bUl of adbaidiaa aoon 
 oommancad in tha Hona*. The atndy 
 of ihia biU wonld indeed afbi4 no littta «uid 
 of nmaaraBant to thoae who are ansiona to 
 bnvo «• idan of the flnnndal raaooreea 
 4( Bi^haid at thia paciod, aa alau of the 
 luMwIadga of tba ConnBona in tba aeianea 
 at palitiMl aaoBoi^r> 8" Thomaa Mon 
 dafHidad tba gonnunant pn^ % a n a rtin g 
 Ihak it waatba doty of thabonaa not to 
 mAim Ibo tax, nnder tha apaekwa pntait 
 Ihat tt would ba a btttdan to tha ooontry.O 
 Tba int apcakar oppoaad tha ■ a a a n iw, by 
 •BdanTooiiag to 4how that, altbongh a 
 
 ■) Badhaft— Roper. 
 
 k) Tba maoAea had faidaed traated Urn 
 
 It thair voteee^ hot nnleaa aaoh could faif\iaa 
 tba aaanea of thehr aaveral wita faito hta head, 
 boalone, in ao weighty a matter, waa naahle 
 to BMka hia grace an anavat.— Ropor. 
 
 (■) Rndhart. 
 
 US Wola^a lattem in (be BtaU Papera' 
 
 1\ 
 
 email number of merehanta or landlorda 
 poeeaaaed great wealth, it muat be admitted 
 that it waa not in ipecie. To grant the 
 crown then a aubiidy in caab, would take 
 away from tho circulation of capital India- 
 penaable to the material life of the people, 
 would be prejudicial to commerce, and 
 would tend to iropoTeriah tho kingdom. 
 If the tenant paid the nnt in corn or cattle, 
 the landlord could not. without incurring 
 great riak, pay in cmh to the ataU. 
 Another member obeerved that the king 
 had already received a loan of £400.000 
 in caah. or aa. in tba pound. How than 
 could the crown have tha face te aak fo« 
 another aubaidy of £800.000 )(*) It waa • 
 tax not of 4a. hut of 6a. in tha pound, 
 which would be. indnd. burdenaoroe to tha 
 nation, llie nation, howrver ehe migbk 
 eiert bereelf. could nevdr realiae £l,900.000i 
 aince tha floating caah in Kngland did not 
 amount to that aum. aa might he eaaUy 
 proved. Suppoaing than wan 19,1X10 
 pariahea in England, each payii^ 100 marb^ 
 thia would give a auni of 1.S00.0OO marfcab 
 or £1,000,000 i hut there wera not mom 
 than 13,000 pariahea b all England, a^d 
 how many of theoe 13,000 wore then 
 which could p«y 100 marka I Tbanfon, 
 if thay gmoted tha aubaidy aakad hn, 
 they would have granted tha orown, wld| 
 the £400,000 akaady advaneod, ^ aifm 
 of £l,900,000b aanm of money clearly waah 
 larger than tha flonting apaeio «f thn 
 ooantry.(0 
 
 Tha anppoitan of tho bill at flrat 9b- 
 aarted that tha nntion waa richer in apaeia 
 than waa pretended. They njeetad tho 
 ealculation of the oppoaition, and al B imo d 
 that England contained lAont 40,0Qp 
 pariahea. Arriving at the vital portion of 
 the propoattioB, they proved that the opp»> 
 aition ware entinjy igmmnt of Jnamdiil 
 queationai that tha money paid into tho 
 troaaory waa not kwt for porpoew of eoai> 
 moroa, but that it only changad bonda. 
 Tbag oomparad tha oaonetary d r an l a t iaii 
 to that whiab ^tnhea place in the marital 
 where tha aama piaca of bun or eilvav la 
 drcolatad without over being loot, and im 
 ita oontinnal circuhtion, enriidica all tain 
 
 
 I? 
 
 e) Tytter. . ■ . ,, 
 
 ") Parliamentaiy UiMpqr af^lifNMi.vk 
 
114 
 
 Llfl or NRMHT TUT. 
 
 vhoM poiMMion il eomM. tbu* r«|>r«- 
 MnOng Un limn iU nal valut. Othara 
 nfuMd I ha lubtidy on th« plaa that tha 
 •my of invMloa would apand in Frtnoa 
 tha inona^ , ♦'^Id »oka r-Uh It. Tha 
 Hplj to t •' ) V* ;tn waa u leniibla m (t 
 waa wUty. /ou think thf n, that if 
 
 Franeia wfc » dwksant o- EnRland, ba 
 would enrich our iiland t" Oihar apaaktra, 
 Uka r«al oourtiera, conientad thamaclvaa 
 with praiainR Bniliih patriotiam. They 
 pointed to British aima every where trium- 
 phant. the French fleet annihilated, their 
 harboura deatroyed, their araenala burned, 
 and rich and well-peopled provincea united 
 ior aver to the crown of Bniiland, whoa* 
 •plendour and power they would in« 
 traaaa.(*) DurinR the debate, the attitude 
 of tha people had not ohanRcd. They 
 pointed their fln|(era at the merobert that 
 kad been bonifht by the oourt, and fol« 
 lowed them about aayingi "Vote then, 
 tote tha diniinRa. k*°*1*™""' *" *^'^^ 
 know how to pay you out."(*) 
 
 Tha membera, undetermined how to act. 
 ■4)o«rned their deciaion. Wolaey would 
 loon hnra been able, had he been permitted 
 to bo picaent at their debatea, to have 
 ^iattd theae men; but Henry at laat, 
 vMviod by their delaya, aent for Sir 
 Rdwaid MontaRue, the leader of the oppo- 
 rilkm. Montanue obeyed the royal ann- 
 ■ona. ud kneeling at hia Majcaty'a feat, 
 vaitad in that attitude for Henry'a ordere. 
 Tha king aniilcd, and looking at him with 
 the comer of hie eye, inquired. " Will my 
 bill paaa V Monte^ue replied by bonding 
 4own and kiaainn the princa'a feet " Get 
 my bill paaaed by to-morrow, or," conti- 
 Mad tha kinff, laying hia hand ou hia hair, 
 •• thia band ahall fall."(*) The royal apeeeh, 
 fUthftilly reported by Sir Edward Mon- 
 HgM to tha Commona, had n remarkable 
 
 . (a) Letn8,tkarefbfa,byallmean*. dowhat 
 boo^ na: and, fbr Iho laat. enieilaia ao 
 mod an opuion of our aoMiara, aa to beliera 
 tluU. tMtead of laaTiBff our country hare, they 
 will add new provineea to it, or at leaat bring 
 fidi apoUa and triumpha home.— Herbert,— 
 
 TytWw 
 
 ' (k) Voaa.— Heinrioh der Aehto. 
 
 M Get ny bUI paaaed by to-moirow, or elae 
 «04nonowthl|i^ltea4 of iwWIlhaU ba otf.- 
 Oiov^aLlfearWoliv^ 
 
 effrci on the oppotltion. The debate wm 
 flnieheil, and the bill paated. Henry VII. 
 had left hia tomb, and England ha<l her 
 tyrant back aRain. The cowardice of the 
 Commona deserved to ba well cbaatiaed. 
 
 llje retieunce of the clergy wae etill more 
 sariouA. Tbey were taxed fifty per cent. 
 Woleey. by a royal writ addreaaed to War- 
 ham, Arohbiahop of Canterbury, had con- 
 voked tha deriiy at St. Paul'a, to teke 
 oounael on the correction of ceruin abueea 
 which had crept inU)tbe Cburoh. Warham 
 aaw through tha trick, and refused to obey. 
 Then the cardinal, by virtue of hia power aa 
 legate A Uttrg, eummoned him to appear at 
 Weatuiinater. Ha could nut now refiiaa 
 obedienoa without infringing his duty aa 
 bishop, and therefore hastened to the old 
 Abbey. He waa then made acquainted 
 with the real intentiona of tha cabinet. 
 With a Ul»erty of language which reflecte 
 great honour on him, Warham replied that 
 hia powers, like thoae of hia clergy, were 
 confined to grant auheidiea voted in a law- 
 fiilly-oonvoked assembly, but that b« 
 would Btrenuoualy oppoae every measure 
 paaaed In a aynod presided over by the ear- 
 Jinal minister. Wolsey waa oompalled to 
 yield. The aynoda of the two province* 
 wore summoned to esamine the royal pro- 
 poaiUon. At tha Synod of Canterbury, 
 Fox, Biahop of Wincheater, and Fisher. 
 Bishop of Rooheator, energetically opiwaed 
 the meaaure, inaamnch aa it aaemed to ba 
 eontraiy to the privilagaa of the AngUcaa 
 ohunsh, whoeo ruin tha existing govam< 
 ment aeemad determined to M)compluh.(<) 
 The biahopa wer« more ansiona tor their 
 privilegea than their revenue*. Thay 
 fkared much leaa the extravagance of 
 Wolaey than tha despotism of the prinon. 
 Tha clergy voted a quinquennial sttbeidjr 
 of aix per cent. Foreigners holding beno* 
 floes in England were to pay double, wHh 
 the exception of two by an expreaa order 
 from the cardinid, Eraamna and Polydoro 
 Virgil J tha one, aa wa know, Wolsay'a 
 friend I the other, his bitter eaemy-C) 
 The philosopher and the historian ahowad 
 their gratitude by calumniating titair ^m* 
 faotmr at • later period. 
 
 (<) Ungsrd. > 
 
 {•) Howaid. 
 
 
 i 
 
cUion. Tht dabMt* «m 
 >ill |iM««rf. Henry VII. 
 I, and EnKlani) hi\ her 
 Tilt cowardice of the 
 J to be wall ohaatiaed. 
 f the elernf waa atill more 
 ere taxed thy per cent. 
 I writ tddrcaaed to War* 
 of Canterbury, bad con- 
 
 at St Paul'a, to take 
 rrection o( ceruin abueee 
 Dto the Church. Warham 
 rick, and lefuaad to obey. 
 . by virtue of hit power aa 
 ramoned him to appear at 
 U ofluld nut now rtfiiaa 
 It infringioK bia duty u 
 fore haatanad to the old 
 a then made acquainted 
 itentiona of tha cabinet. 
 f language which reflecU 
 htm, Warbatn replied that 
 thoae of bia oleriry. wert 
 , aubaidiea voted in a law. 
 aaaambly. but that h« 
 ity oppoaa arcry meaaura 
 1 preeidad orar by the ear- 
 
 Wolaey waa oompelled to 
 oda of the two province* 
 to examine the royal pro. 
 be Synod of Canterbury, 
 
 Wincheatar, and Fithar, 
 ntar, enenretically opiwaad 
 •much ta it aaemed to b« 
 prlvilagea of the Anglican 
 ruin the cxiating govam- 
 terminad to ■ocomplub.(') 
 vara more tnxiooa tor tbair 
 their revenues. Thay 
 leaa the extravagance cl 
 a deapotiam of tha prinoa. 
 id a quinquennial anbaldj 
 
 Foreigners holding ban** 
 id were to pay donbla, with 
 I two by an expreaa order 
 lal, Braamna and Pdlydor* 
 «, aa w* know, Wolaay'a 
 (bar, hit bitter enemy.(') 
 r and the biatorian ahowad 
 by calumniating ti>air 1 
 
 period. 
 
 (<) Ungard. 
 {•) Uowaid. 
 
 tifi or ■IKST Tin. 
 
 fit 
 
 
 Dunng tha debate in the Commona, the 
 prcparationa for war nad bfien oompleUd, 
 and the Earl of Surrey recalled from 
 Irelan-I, took the oommand of the AaRlo* 
 Spaniih flcet.(*) In the middle of June, 
 1553, he diaemharked a few troopaat Cher- 
 bourg. (>>) AfUr having laid that part of 
 Normendy waate, he eailed for Morlaii, 
 which ha burnt t then, leaving the vioa- 
 admiral in command of ihe fleet, he die* 
 embarked at Calaie, and took the com- 
 miind of the KuKliah army deetined to 
 invade France, having under hie ordera the 
 Count of Buren, the emperor'e genera1.(«) 
 The conqueror of Plodden Field gave an 
 exact deeortption of hie valiant exploite to 
 Woleey.(<) He therein apeaka of the cwtlea 
 he deetroyed, the hamleta ha pillaged, tha 
 vilhigea ha burned, tha garriaone he put to 
 the eword, and ia at the aenith of bia glory 
 when he eaya ; " Tha am|ieror will be d»> 
 lighted when tha city ia burnt, and that 
 will ba tha enaa in three daya.^) Tha 
 Duke of VendAme, who at that time com- 
 manded tha French array, waa a prudent 
 general, it being hie maxim never to give 
 battle unleaa obliged. Encamped near 
 Abbeville, ha wauhed over Bolougne-aur- 
 Mer and Headin, both defended by atrong 
 garriaone, oonneoting hie raovemente with 
 thoea of the Duks da Quia* who had taken 
 up hid lartere under the wtlie of Montreuil. 
 To threaten the enemy in the raar, to cat 
 off hia convoya, to haraea him night and 
 day, to attack bia vanguard aaddenly, to 
 lay the ooontry waata, war* tha taotioa em* 
 ployed by the two French gencrala. Heavy 
 raina coming on with th* h*«t of anmmer, 
 ■lbct*dl tha Bngliah army with dyaantery. 
 Surrey, who waa beeeiging Headin, waa 
 oompelled to retire into winter quartera, 
 after having loat SOO men in hia retreat. 
 Tbae ended a campaign, eommeoced so 
 diagraeefully againat Franoa.(0 Surrey 
 •ignaliaed hinuwlf in thi* war of a fctr 
 
 fa) Bee the commiaeion given to Surrey by 
 Gharlee and Haniy.-— Herbwt. 
 
 (b) HalL 
 
 (a) Herbert. 
 
 U) MtiS. Cott. CaL D. VIII. v. 321. 
 
 (•) And the emperor'a counael here be con- 
 teat that the aaid town ahall ba burnt, wbioh 
 jkaU ba don* within theee three d*ya.— lb. 
 
 if) Ham*. 
 
 montha by tb* pillagaa and devaiUtiona 
 committed by hie army (■) 
 
 The death of Adrian VI. revived all 
 Wolaey '• hopee i he had no fear of being 
 deceived t he waa ready to atoeml the etep* 
 of the Vatican, but not barefooted aa Adrian 
 h^d done at hia entry into the holy City i 
 Charlea V. would have had to hold tb« 
 etirrup when the butcher'a eon diemountad. 
 Ae aoon aa ha heard of Adrian'a death, b« 
 thua wrote to Henry i (»vo are at a loea to 
 know how he could ape humility with 0B« 
 eo thoroughly acquainted with hie foiblat 
 M Henry.) It would have been bia delight 
 aaid he, to have remained with hie grae*< 
 happy in being eervioeabla to hia ooantrji 
 but ainoa Ood had willed it otharwia^ 
 ha would eacriflee hia deareet aflectione, 
 and altogether unworthy aa be waa, would 
 ait on a throne where, with Heaven'* Mt 
 h* would not oeaa* to labour for tha 
 trinmph of Chrietianity. (i>) Henry lost 
 no time, but replied to hia ikvourito by 
 the eama courier, that hia greataat happio 
 neee would be to ae* him ancoead Adiiaa, 
 aa it would be condaoive to the int*r**t of 
 Chriatendom, the repo** of Barop^ th* 
 p*aca of th* world, and the happinaea and 
 glory of England.(t) Tha conclave waa 
 about to aaaambl*} Wolaey urged on th* 
 mmI of th* Bngliah ambaaaadora at Roma 
 by uaing bia maatar'a nam*. "My Lord of 
 Bath," wrote he to Clerk, " the king hath 
 a marvelloue opinion of yonr clarer B aaa 
 you know what I deeire— do not allow 
 youreelf to be eeduoad by Ana pramiaee— 
 be ekilfnl ; th* king ia of opinion that w* 
 ahall hava all th* Imp*rialiaU on our aids, 
 
 (» He returned to England after a ahoit 
 campaign of that nteleee pilbige, cruelty and 
 devaaution, which rather remind ne of a 
 nortkaum'e ancient nvagae than of cultivated 
 warfare — ^Turner. 
 
 (■>) For which oauae. though afore Ood I 
 repute myeelf Hght unmeet and imliahle to a* 
 high and great dignity, deeiring much rather 
 to devote, contiirae, and end my lllk with year 
 grace, for doing of auch poor aervkse aa may b* 
 to your iiooour, and wealth oi thia vonr reahn, 
 thu to be Pope.~The origiual ia in the arch* 
 ivee of the Duve of Grafton. 
 
 (>) Having hia perfect and flrme hope that 
 of the eame ahall enene, in brief lime, a general 
 and uoivereal repoee, timauiUity, and qniat* 
 neee in Cbrletendom, and u great ranowf, 
 hooonr, ^roAt. and repotatifla to tUa realm, a* 
 ever wae.— Mowaii. r 
 
 It 
 
 1 
 
116 
 
 Ufa or HwiaT ▼iii. 
 
 providad ChtrUi k««p hU wwd. Th-w 
 ■n It Rom* •oin* yoonjr cwdhwta who «• 
 •ot rich. th«y may b« brlbtd i n»k« »»i«ni 
 ■pkodlil oftw J pnwBla* »•»«»» •» *•»* ^W 
 want. H«nry iktirat B«ilh«r hi* mom, 
 nontj, no* jmwhoU to b« spwed. AH y"ur 
 pramitM •hillb* •ccwmplW^di to work, 
 and OMJ the Lord proapCT 7oa."(*) 
 • BwT hour of th« day brought Wolaay 
 fhah hupaaj Campaggio and tha cardinal 
 «r Sion had promkaad hln thakr votaa. 
 Cbarira had written to him from Pamptt- 
 hna. promiaing to aupport him with iha 
 •hola of hia lntaiwt.(») Clark Informwl 
 Mm of tha hrourabla diapoaltion of tho 
 ■oat inf oantlal mambara of tha ooaeltTO 
 towarila hirat iha eardinal who had tha 
 graatett ohanoa of aueoaaa, Olallo da 
 Madicia. had baan njeetad by ftmne: 
 Wolaay daapatohad oooriar upon coaritr to 
 Ma oraatoraai all hia inatruetiona tarmi* 
 mtodlnthaaamawayi " ptomiaa, my lord, 
 Momiaa all that you «l<^. praaanta, dlgnltiea, 
 noaay, tho kli« w«l h»n.wr oor wotd.T) 
 ■^ Wolaoy'a BimoniMd praetloua had baan 
 
 ' (a) "llyloiflof Ba«h,— 
 I •• Tho king Uth wiBad aia to writato yon 
 Oat Ua fruia hatlt a marvalloua opinion of 
 wm, and you knowliig kto nind a> yon do. Ua 
 Jw\ donbtMk nSt but that tkia matter, 
 
 Suha. by your poUry, aat fbrth in audi wlaa, 
 aa tkot tha aama may ooma to thadaairad enaol, 
 not naring any raaaonabia oflbra, "htehia a 
 tkhig that, among ao many Mody pofmna, la 
 ■eta regwdad I 
 tka panoo. Yc 
 
 long ao many naagy vormim, la 
 I dun porhapa tha qoalitkia ol 
 re ba wiaa, and ya wot what I 
 
 ■eJiimai yoormlf baat. and ba not mdoc«d 
 Cfcte wor&.and aapaolally of Ihoaa which 
 ^y what thay wiU.) daaiia mora »hak own 
 ■■ilbrmmi""- mina. Howbait. graal dax- 
 Cijtoto ba uaad. and tha Wog IW"*** «^ 
 all impariak ahall ba claariy wilh yoa, tf fkUh 
 batnUaampaior. Tha yow« man, fcf tha 
 moat part baliig naady. will |t«a food^mnU^ 
 *ir aCa. wUoh ahall ba nndoubtadljr par- 
 ^KiiST Tha king willatk you neithar to 
 amuo hia authority, or hia good money or aub- 
 
 3Swa. You may b« •-««» '*'*r''i!.M 
 ynmim rimll ba perfor m ed i and tha Leid 
 
 —^^■"^-IKilcfagM-d, 
 
 •<T. CUbd. Eaan&o." 
 —Tha Ofiilnal la in Iha BiMih Mnaeum. 
 
 Sy tCTtailer ia in Iha Britlah Mnaeum. 
 Mjiioo4t.Vltan..ll.P.M«. ..„,-, 
 * la) tWmwgeimrallwmaandJnmyfcror, 
 
 >»y wWeh yw Wo ample authority to MM 
 •SdT^tBiMon tha Mng^ Whnlf. aa w«U aa 
 
 •Ma er Homotiona, aa alao laifamm oTm 
 4o toAymid •BOhia yau Anil think ow- 
 
 variMt,— Buna*. 
 
 diacovarad at loma. and tha popolMn 
 ueembled each arenlng round tha oonelnro 
 to curae the fundgner who had put up tha 
 Flaher nan'a Ri ng to auction .(*) Tha voieo 
 of Ood wna aoon h<«»rd i not one of the young 
 «wdinale had been aeduoad by Clerk'a 
 oflhra I n murmur of InJignaikm wna heard 
 when the eardinal (roratarr. charged to 
 eollact tha *otoe, found Wolaey'e namo 
 inaartbad on ona uf tha hallota, and vnm 
 Charlaa at tha laat hour abandoned hlm.(*) 
 Of Iha two popaa with whom Wolaay hmi 
 diaputad tha tlam. ona Adrian of Ulrachl, 
 whom ha had hoped to defanl by ounnlng. 
 waa ona of tha moat candid aoula that 
 tnt worn St. Pator'a Ring t •nd the otbar. 
 over whom ha hoped to triumph by moooy, 
 ■arar need gold in any of hia nagotiationa. 
 Tha miniatar'a pride would have baen mora 
 deeply woandad, had not tha Romana, 
 aaaembling under the wlndnwa of the eon> 
 ela?«. damandad an Italinn aa pop«. Tho 
 Cardinal of York cuneequaatly tamed tha 
 elaotioa of Madioia into n quaatk>n ot 
 nationality I thoao aonthern ninatitutioM, 
 whoa Lao X. had aoeuat.Ma«d totba ex- 
 lorior eight of art. i«|airod a aoreraiga 
 who would ataol an ampiro of km. A 
 ■orthman, rapraaaatad for ■ while 1m tha 
 ohair of St. Paler by a Plaaiiag. Imagiaad 
 that to regeaamto tha mind, ha moat haniah 
 ttom thaiatollaclttal world ereiy thing that 
 appealed to tha aoaaaot the rafnraiofirhioh 
 ha draaaad white thraadiag hia way oa 
 Ibot to Roam, oaold only ba achirrod hy 
 apiritoattamt Aa viaibJa phaaonaooa 
 iaamad to him thaa iBoaaputibki with that 
 TCHgioa of tho baart viiieh ha ao naaeh 
 dorirad to aaa ptmrniL Bat aoaaor or 
 ktar, tha nrolatioa. which ha attamptod 
 to uddeve. would enpiro bofoia tho aeaaaal 
 iMdoaoiaa of a paopto who lograttodtha 
 ■atorlal imagea of lagonaiatioa. Tha 
 elicttonof tha Flemktiaa, Gietto da Madicia 
 wat lagardod ia tha li|d>t of a vietmry of 
 tha aonth over the north. Scared/ waa it 
 
 (4) Turner. ..... 
 
 (•) It ia true that during the diaeord aad 
 aoHmg thain, your graoa'a fMaoda 
 
 did attempt and made at aundry tiOMa, metkme 
 Would n«p«r taMUae thareaato^aohaar aftt^ 
 
 namm 
 
 Would 
 
 MS8..Vitall.V.,^sa8. 
 
 aftt^ 
 
 T 
 
a, and dM popolM* 
 ing round Um oonclavs 
 r who had put up ih* 
 auction .(*) Th«»oie« 
 d| notonaofthtyounf 
 I MduMa by Ctwk'a 
 
 lnJk((nMion wm hanrd 
 •eoralary. oharRwl to 
 found WoUay'i nam* 
 
 tba ballota, and avtn 
 M>ur abaadonad hini.(*) 
 ilk whom WolMf bad 
 tna Adrian of Uuaobt, 
 1 to dafaat by ounnioK, 
 oat nndid louU tbat 
 I Rteff t •■><! (ba otbar. 
 1 to triampb by uMMiay, 
 laj of hia naffotiattona. 
 I would hava baan nora 
 tiad not tba RooBana, 
 lia windnwa of tba eon> 
 I Italian aa pop«. Tha 
 iinaaqoaatly tomad tba 
 la into a quaatkin of 
 aonthern ninatilHtioBa, 
 
 M)euat«Ma«d to tba ex» 
 , raqoirad a aoramiKa 
 in ampira af tan. A 
 itad for a whik 1m tha 
 by a PlaaiiBff, Inacinad 
 ha mind, ha mut baniah 
 1 world avary thing thai 
 wat tbaraAwvofwbioh 
 
 thraadiaff hia way oa 
 Id enljr ba achirrad hy 
 Tiaib.<« phaaonaaooo 
 I iBMoapoMUa with that 
 lart vhteh ha ao — eh 
 ravaiL Bat aooaar or 
 )a,whMi ha attaoaptad 
 »pira bafota tba i ia iiaa l 
 ao|^ who ragrattadtha 
 of NfianaratkMt. Tha 
 ntiBa.6kiUodaMadici% 
 ha li|d>t of « vie(«7 of 
 t north. Scaredf waa It 
 
 iiri <»» mnuvi ▼iii. 
 
 MT 
 
 It duriBf tba 
 
 Jmui, your fraoa'a fti a w da 
 
 t» at anndry tiaMa, wnyh i 
 r Motmaant, "aad ii f i r 
 bt tba araMtada af^tt 
 
 ithaiaaata^aal 
 US. 
 
 rafk.*^ 
 
 kkowa. whan OlaUo KooMno lafk tba .!«oua- 
 taiaa of Umbriih wUttUw ba bad gona into 
 voluntary aaiU, and raturnad to RoaM to 
 ialah bia grant baitU of Otaataatina i whan 
 tba diaaiptaa of RapUUl antarad thair 
 •tadioai whaa tha Piaaaa di 8. Piatro waa 
 •Had, aa in day a of yora, with atudanui 
 wbaa tha viaayarda of iha Baquiiio* w«fa 
 agala eaarehad, and Iha Vatican anriahad 
 with tha •*♦/« rfaaarr of painting and 
 acalpiuM. Wolaay. bowavar. waa aatlalad 
 la baing aMa to aooount for aa avani, la 
 whloh tha lagar of God had aridantly 
 ahowa Itaalf. If tha dactioa of a pontiff 
 had avar baaa Iha pvaduotlon of a banan 
 idaa, thaa would tha Charch bava long 
 aincR loat tliat Iliad idaai that ayiuaatia 
 and contaqiiant form of govaraiaant i thai 
 aupamatural indivduality which aba haa 
 pnaainard. to tha amaaaaaat of har aaamiaat 
 arar ainca bar origin. Wolaay fait tbat it 
 waa of tha highaat Imporianoa for bloualf to 
 oonoaal bia diaappointment. If ba had 
 ahowa any raaantmaat, tba nawly-alaotad 
 Popa might draw from him bia powar aa 
 Icgau. with whloh ha had baan raatad b| 
 Lao X.. and which Adrian, at Haary'a 
 taquaat, had alao conflirrad on lilm. 
 
 Tha nlnlatar'a ulant in waaring a maak, 
 in tiiiia of axigancy. la wall kaown t yaetar- 
 day. ha bad doaa all ba could, with tha 
 aid of tha Biahop of Bath, to oomipl tha 
 eonacianoaa of a faw of tha nambara of tha 
 aacrad collrga j to-day, ha oonAdaa to tha 
 aania agaot iha Joy with which hia haart la 
 inundatad at tha tamia at ion of tha alacthm. 
 " Oh, what Joyful oawa did your latiar con- 
 tain I I oan asaara yoa that wHhlag could 
 hava glvaa graatar plaaaura to hia giaoa 
 ar myaalf, thaa to hanr of tha alaatioa of 
 QiuUo di Madleia.'^) And. aa if ba appr*. 
 handad that aomathiog night ba doaa to 
 eompromiaa hia ftatora alaetioB, for Wolaajr 
 had not givan np all idaa of tha Fapaey,(k) 
 ha ariiad Haary to latara poblio Ihaaka 
 
 (a) Hia nana and I both gira nato yonr 
 - - aad haavtia thankaa aamaty for tha 
 
 di^d n«.a. af tha -Jf -l*^.*^; 
 aaMua yoa to ba aa antdi to tha Uag'a aad .my 
 
 T 
 
 may ba daHiad or iauglM 
 MM.. Mo. am, Aya (^. 
 
 (b) WalMi^ laiiar of 7 
 Gafdiaar^arL MSB. 
 Uaaiy'a laalmetioM, ib 
 
 (4oiM,'aaBaolation, aid gladaaaa. aa WbUa 
 MY ba daHiad or imMinad.— Brit. HuMnm, 
 
 MM.. Mo. ttm, Ayim, »••»"?■• fSL*"^ 
 I Vtnt IBW, to 
 No M8» p. 106.— 
 p. lis. 
 
 forthaa«eaaaioaofClaaM«tV11. Ta h«a 
 blm, ona would bava imaginad that tha 
 Moaaaion of tha Floraatina waa a triumph 
 for Kngland. whoaa faUhf^l ally ha wa«kl 
 avar bat for Hanry. to whom ba waa m, 
 daaply atlachad i for tha Cburoh. whooa h« 
 would know how to dafaad > tot litarataiai 
 which b« would protad. Aa far hlmaaU, 
 poor maa,(«) ba waa raady. in aubmlMioat* 
 tha daaraaa of haaTcn, to thank tba Holy 
 Spirit for baring thua miraculoualy laaflfa4 
 tba Palhara of tha Conclava.C) 
 
 A faw waaka afWt hia aoroaailoa, 
 Clamaai VII.. in a bull, datad 9lh Jaaaary, 
 IdM, (•) ranawad tba p<iwa»a of lagaia 
 Aita<ar«, wbiob hia pradacaaaora had grantad 
 to tha cardinal i but thif tlma bia powarg 
 wata oaly to axpira at hia daathi it waa. I« 
 fact, a apaciaa of pontiAcata, which Clamant 
 craatad for tha fkvuurita oi Haary VIII. 
 By tirtua of tbla boll, Wolaay bacama, in a 
 cartaia aaaaa. tha Patriarch of Baglaad. 
 Hiatoriaaa, area thoaa who ara aotuatad 
 by tha moat onjuat prinoiplaa towavda tha 
 cardinal, aoknowladge that ba only uaad this 
 grant powar for tba axtantion of litaratura.(0 
 In imitation of Laii X.. Wolaay oaalrad to 
 form in hia nativa land Inatitutiona »'lmilar 
 to that which Roma poaaaaacd, under tha 
 appallatlon of the Roman CoUaga. Hara, 
 iadaadr wa faal ouracWaa at llborty t« 
 applaud tha rivalry of tha man of itha 
 NoHh and South, who aought to azeal ia 
 aaotbar— ill a purely inuUrotual ctrodgk. 
 
 It waa, indaad, a aobla idaa of tha 
 eardinal'a, to foaad two eoHecaa, oaa lA 
 Qiford. tha otbar at Ipawich i the fbrmar, of 
 which ha himaalf draw up tha pica. wcmM 
 «ual in apkadoor iha aKMt baaat^M of 
 tha aeiaatifle aataUlahmaaU of luly. Ha 
 apant. in itt fonadattoa, tha ravanua of aoma 
 monaatariaa whioh tha Popa had lacttlaiiaad. 
 Aftar a fnv yaara, a aaa^-Gothic adiAaa am 
 
 Ha 
 
 with "At mi 
 
 (a) 
 
 (*) or which good and 
 
 ■apaorhoi 
 ___ tBituaaw aaMk 
 9wh.'jwt hiiknam hath muah oMaa to th«lS 
 Almlihty Ood, for foiaamnoh aa ba ia not caly 
 a parfbet Maad. wad »>itbfbl to tha aaara, ^ 
 that alao. mock iha »tkar by out maaaa, hfe 
 hath attakwd to t'ai*....! am mon JoyoN* 
 tharaof, than if it had fortnnad upoi af 
 paiaoo, hMtwiBf hia aacallant qualitlaa aMat 
 amia for tha mtm. . . .—Howard. 
 
 '•) Bapia d'j Thoyraa. 
 
 t\ Hiima. 
 
Iti 
 
 Ufa »f wmmt no. 
 
 •»'« to rl«^ wkk tlohMTC la Um poM«4 
 Mjria (aliarwwpda <lMtfor«<»< •m**' * •Mcnt*. 
 «M«pfl«way, on whkoli w«r« ranr«<il tk« 
 IMM ■# Ikt nt4iMi, who kMi kMi tuA- 
 Hmtk iMoknM to piaM Ma thtold above 
 Mm ra)t«l tpit •# anaa. (*) Had bo« 
 Waiaar'apiM tMett toflaawtiM amdiflcd, tb« 
 fWMlfMHialar atillaa would Ml liavo baaa 
 aallka Ida pHMlpd wln« ot 'rhorabvrf 
 Caalla, ImIH by Uwant Blalbrd. Duaa uf 
 BocklRikam. \m wkoM rfaaili ha hod baaa 
 laalramaataK^) Ilia chain of iha two 
 •ottifoa wota ofbrod to maaiara ol Buropaaa 
 wpatolimi. Ladortao Vivoa eama from 
 Ifi^ to laaok tMl law al Oifor«l.(«) H« 
 kad haan flial iMaUoaad to tha cardieal hf 
 KailMriaa of Arn«oa. Itaanu* waa lone 
 timpui bjr tha aiaialar. who oftiad hioi 
 
 Howaid. 
 
 Ik 
 
 Ki^i Tiiatt. 
 
 tka alMtr «l thadofiyi b«« ha roAiatd. 
 00 Rraal a Jrvad had ha of iha tog 
 ot Ba.^land. Th« phlloMphcr eaniHilljr 
 ackaowlMlff«d Ihul h« pnferrixi Bnrau««<f 
 wtoa lo 5*aar. U«iurM w«« a#l»»arwJ al 
 Oarord. *."' madioina, pbiloaupbj aad 
 aath«isatias and Oraah atd Uun war* 
 alao UOMhl IharaC^) 'Hi* aardinal patd 
 tha iirofaaaoro handaonnJjr : and Hanrf, 
 altkouffh aatloialj oecu|»iad with annih:ir 
 plaa I'or tha lovaaica «! Franca, waa h; ao 
 maaoa forMaifta of L^'i lairouriio'a foaada^ 
 tioa. Mora than ona lehular Ikanhad 
 hkm la b«»!iMful varaa for hia protocikw 
 of Uumuro, aad aang of tka au«raa« 
 which awaiiad tbo priaoa or«f (ha aawniaa 
 of Eaiiland. Uaar«)Miniad wUh tko 
 mjtftj of Woll««y'a poUUra, ih* aakoiw 
 had ao idao of iha blood and th*m» whiab 
 wovid tlaca iba kuMola of (b« eoaqiMrer. 
 
 («} Ptdiiaa, 
 
 OHAFTIR XV. 
 
 *tt <.«'«-f 
 
 nUUTI or THB DUKI or BOUEBON WITH BMGLAMO.~IMS-l»M. 
 
 tka ftamaHa 4a Baai»aa ffapaMia batray tNMa.— Ha adbia hb tarvtaat lo BBghad.—Haoif 
 
 tuii a 11 Tilr -- - 1— - i--^^ «• '»^-' •^ "^ r..-.^Li. wfc^ .K^ n.A «/ Aii.«ti«M. 
 
 lo*a Btaf or *a|laa4.<-tte aWaa aoMaiWa tb^ iaw al l oai agakM iVaaaa.-Tba iwttiaaa 
 •arittaTal Piirla.^lt la » iiiai l .--Tba OawNaHa baMtfw ManHUaa.-r»aadtol.«i«Maa tha 
 
 rr~ _ . m^ ,, aioftalb — ^^ "— ' -^ •^-'- •^— '- -»— 
 
 ~ Ma tall 
 
 -Batda af Pa«ta.--rkMMit lafcaa 
 rtaaaa.— BaaaaM whbib vravtnt th* 
 
 _ „ _ ^ whhh prartni Iho 
 
 '• aMfy.-^AaoNh* SMvtfa MMOf «ba Oaa l M ar aHa.^Haaiy Nanw la iba ftofaaaia of iba 
 a.— «Baaa «idi bioaaa.«-To wkal it la 10 ba amibMad. 
 
 CHABI.M V. kad aol hmm ia tkt iMiklaal 
 uaamtad by tha dafaal of tha 
 
 I al Haadhii aad wkilo tka BmI of 
 •wircf vaa «w kla wqr lb Vvm, ka waa 
 
 aB ka aoald to araoaa Iialf anaiaal 
 Adrian, ahflftly baAm kia daatk. 
 M liBMd a MW leHIM "^ Hanrjr aad 
 CaMilNt tha Veaaliaaa alao Joiaad tka 
 ataHtiaa.aBd aadcrtoob toaaiataia Sfona 
 to tki BBiiHiipa of Miiaa nk> Wowatiaaa, 
 
 a Modieia waa al tka kaad of tka 
 
 RapabU«» alao daaattod Fraaoat Oaaoa, 
 aad tko priadpal atatoa bofdoriag oo tba 
 Madilanaoaan. haauaad to nXif round 
 Iha aw^panrt aooM tknwgk Aw. othaia 
 tftraoffk fleUaaaaa. bat tka aMjoHty tkraugh 
 a fcaliaf «f aaibkkNi^*) la a diaiwieb to 
 tka BUkap of Bad^oa, JanrnM Adkn 
 
 (•) HaaM. 
 
 ^- 
 
 "aa* 
 
I|I71 ^ ^ niAiMd. 
 iMd Im of tlia fof 
 phlloMphcr eaniHilIf 
 h« imilbrrvd Borguaily 
 urM ir«rt ii*liv«t*<l •! 
 Bin*. phiUMwpby Md 
 Qr««k tvd l^un wtn 
 I) Tti* Mrrfkiwl paid 
 daoincljr : and HfiKft 
 occupied with snnlhir 
 ■ sf France, wm by bo 
 tVi fMrouril**! fonad*- 
 , (MM ■ehobr Ihanbed 
 (MTM for hia prolwiioo 
 MKff of the auflCfM 
 prinoa oraf ida anamiw 
 nacquainiad wUh Um 
 r'a poliMca, ih* aekoiw 
 blood and ■haiua whiati 
 itato of ()m e«B4iMmMr4^ 
 
 riddaa. 
 
 LAM0.-lfta»-IM4. 
 
 fviaaa M Bii«la«d.--Haaif 
 ikaa ilM OMk ef AllaglaHaa 
 IMI Ihraaaa.— Tlia pactlaM 
 aa.— r««M(a I. amaaaa M 
 I of P»«te.--rkMMla fkn 
 MWaM »hl«h pravant lb* 
 MM la Mm pMfoaala ef Ik* 
 
 na «t the iMad of Um 
 oa rt ad Fnaoai Oanoo, 
 ■Utaa bo(d«iiif oo tho 
 uuoad to nUf loand 
 M tbRWfh llrw, othan 
 , bat tiM MMiJoHty throufh 
 km^*) I» • diaiwteh M 
 JowM Adkn 
 
 
 Lira or ■■"•» »•"• 
 
 III 
 
 iMfonna oa nf Mm tutpmoi't pUo.(') rhio« 
 u«ka. *tf« to i»»«da fi*n»m •» iha ••«» 
 w«m.«i. iKa «r.» lu *liirt aloof *ka U«i»- 
 rian «!••♦. and »hua .laaoaod an Fr.»»t«ea» 
 iM aacood to irawiaa »Ka Prw"^ »« 
 •llMk Bofdaao*} ao.l »ha third to ero.a 
 .h« cbanncS M& if>f*At Ptawdy. 
 
 Franc* rwhona-l ai«o«H hat ancmlaa 
 «va/y f.r..wnad h#a.l to Rar..,M.. Bol ur- 
 ribU aa wara thawi pr.vor«M«»a. th.y ware 
 nntbmii fiooiparad to lUa daogar ariwof 
 from aaaora»con»,.lrmer •«^"«» >»•'»■'••■ 
 pa..l«nc*. Ch.riM da B»«rh«o. wh.. waa 
 ready to bairar hi- prt"f« •»«* ^'^^^•**^ 
 aall hie aer^Ue^ to England, had b-ao 
 ^ ^)ad ConUabla arhao.c»ree«y twanty-ai^ 
 ytmra of a«a. l» waa ftol «»« hoebwd of 
 BuMnn* de Biur* on-Bea»4.«. »ha ^rand. 
 datt^hJir «( L..uii XI,. »od da.ightor of 
 Annoot rrtooei iia» the belr ol th^ mo.l 
 tovaly a.fa In Fnmoe. AuMrKoe. U Metcbe. 
 U Bourbonoaif. U Fotai, U Ba.iflolala. 
 that Pnnn. bod re-ardad by thw higb 
 dignity, but tha aoldler oho bad aa 
 Mllaally " -Yielded bta aword." (") and 
 aver \n tha hart of the anKa«ai««'»». f*"'*" 
 of daiiKer, and acc««tom«<l to aleep wheo 
 
 on a campoSu'^ «« »»«• •"»>» "' ' T"?' 
 had alway. d.etlogol.hed hiojaalf f'.r hU 
 bnwry. Suaaooa da B«urb«n-B«a.iK0 
 waa dead. Loolaa, motbar of Francw I., 
 fcU io low with a priaaa ajaally diatin- 
 guiahed for hia »aloor aa for bta baoaty $(•) 
 bot Boorboo. too o..bla to coocaal hia 
 feaUfiRa. wf-ead to ItaUn to l^Uea. who. 
 aoaoyed at tUe allfht, ebaogad bar Uira 
 to Tiolaot ha»iad, and iaaoi»ad to ha 
 
 Loolaa. 'LordlaiHf. P-raaadad Dopral 
 tha abawrallu^ to eom«a»ea a« a«ioq 
 ■caioal tha Couata^ie. by «la«OBlo# onapor- 
 tioA of hia IM^M l» Uia Banaa of tba kioff. 
 u baviaii IWle* lato tba crowa domain by 
 tba death of hia wlfii , and the remainder 
 in tba naoM of Uolaa. Dnchaaa of Aauoo- 
 Mom. Soaanna'a Mi^**-»»«». Tba pro- 
 pMty of the Houaa of Bowiboa waa ao. 
 
 aBiii Una.. MS« 
 
 Cott.. Nero. B. Vtt., 
 
 " R •• He la atont, haodlee the aword ohoer- 
 *.d. *>-- Ood. la dofvot, piooa, hnmane, and 
 
 T 
 
 L 
 
 IMi.- Tahao fiom the Chrooicta of Sanula. 
 (•) BianMaM. Otae. ILK., p. M*- 
 («) Ui>ata.--<leniar. 
 
 aordloflly eeM«eeto»ad. Ita doaaaloe waia 
 l^ipi. (M Ch«Urt. ••• Und of two pftwd- 
 palttiM*. two daohiee. four ewldom*. tw« 
 riae.iunlMa, and aatrco •««»•"'»«(•< *^ 
 duL-ed to doiiiair. the Co»^uble pref.rred. 
 M«, BraniAoM. «owidonlnf hie eoonlry M 
 lirinM m il in Poverty ' but. Uhe CorioUnue, 
 he wa. about lo eipMrwi* hi.oaeif *sth hia 
 heart ponUnc for ratrann*.. 
 
 Kngland'a diplomalte m«aeuree had 
 never been betur organited than at thie 
 Miiud. At certoio oourte. aa Rome and 
 Paria, aba waa lapreMnUd by three or faor 
 •nbaMad're. nearly alwaye peraona of 
 literwy dieiinotton, who oorrwp<.od«d 
 with bo.h Henry aad Wolaay. To tba 
 former, their dtaprtohaa ware abort and 
 praeiaei wheraw to the Uitor they wei« 
 lenn and minuU reporte. Wolaey wiahad 
 If. be a«'|ualnted with every thlnn tliot 
 ocearred. and If wa mayjudfa turn hia 
 oorreapondanoe praterved in the Brlliab 
 Muaeum. nolliin,c. however mmute aiMl 
 tHUn*. wae kept from hia kB«wladia,(f) 
 He had heard. be»ow any onaelae, through 
 WingHeld.of the Conetobla'e depaHow from 
 Paria. and of bU Intoatlon of revoHlnn.(«) 
 Ilia Cnatobla, before leavinn Paria. had 
 deapaichaii an ambaaeador to Chorleaj(M 
 and. with hie aword. of«rea him an army of 
 600 e»v.«lry and 1,000 Infantry, on eondUion 
 th4t the band of one of the amparor'a 
 aiatara ahuald be baetowad on hlmX*) Ha 
 oallad ble rebellion m act of patrlotla 
 doapolri and at Valladolid. aa weU aa a* 
 Oraanwlch, ha want by tha name of tba 
 •• Virtaoua Duke of Bjarbon.''(i) 
 
 On hie arrival at Anneoy. oo the IJtb of 
 May. Bourbon deepatohed, by one of Ua 
 
 r*) Ranke. 
 
 l$\ U^«kl«« Ae Duke of ■««;*J^ 
 ^ Itte with the French hUii. and depwUd 
 thence right evil pleaMd j f«» there ie a raat 
 
 STbet^ the iSly »•«•"» •«»'"-''|^tj; 
 for the martlaae betwwn Wm and the My 
 
 recent. It U nothing *%-^^f^,. '*'5 
 loS AprU. MBS. CmU. Oalba, B. VIll.. p. I*. 
 
 (k) Harl MSB., No. 19ft. 
 
 (») The dttka made the Bret ovwtaraa to the 
 
 ma onto the empew to d«:Ure and Aowto 
 him. CIO."- KliW^» li>«truollo«« to Knifht. 
 
 MBS. Veep. 0. U.. P l**^ , . . mm 
 
 d) The virtuou* duke of Bonrbaiu— !»••• 
 
 Harl No. 396. p. &a. 
 
tte 
 
 l.irV •? MBIkRt VIR. 
 
 Wf il, I Mfld r«« ar •iMmlMrlaHi, iIm 8«mv 
 <]« "^irtf iif— . •n<l why li« will lirfimnyou. 
 I b«|| fv« to b«tMV« kt'K (itf lh« nonoa m it 
 I *w« (lMt«. Mi4 iltt««ih him to |t*« your 
 •omiMiMk to M. MMl I akaU wtUiacly 
 p«H<>n« lh««."(») il<«r*»«i u*r«d lit 
 •mwn o< frwiMi lo H»nry Kln« of l!n«- 
 ImmI t llanry fl«ll«r»il hlmaflf lH*( IM 
 FwtatMM wwuld r«Mtr* him wttli th« Mm* 
 MrkitMiloM M ll»«ir h«d t»mf\y dona 
 lb* Diih* »( Htdfitrd. Ta •ritUrml* hi* 
 irtumph. h« Jl«paiel»«d. wiihoui loaa ol 
 t)B«. an amhMMwtor lo V«lla<l<>ll>!. who 
 Inw eiiaamlaakonad to Iratti with Bourbon, 
 providatl »ha ConatabU aeknowladiHl 
 Uanry aa Kla« of rranaa. aad waa wndy 
 to laka Iha oath ol aHanianca U» him aa 
 •ttcli {*) A faw daya alUr. Charlaa cooa. 
 niaatMMd «Im Comta da Riaiu. H«|(nanr da 
 BMuraia, lo dkaruaa tha CuiiaUhla'a prn* 
 ptMitkoB with Wotaay. But lia Bmnrain 
 vaa to aoiar into no angaf amani with tha 
 EnnlUh aablnal, aioap* on rondiiion of 
 Bimla«d ramalninc fUthful to tha coalition, 
 •ad unitinfl with tba anparor to tnvada 
 Pnaoa.(«} On ihaaa roodttlona, CharUa 
 promiaad Bourbon tha hand ot aith«r 
 Kaib iiM or «ha Qumd D«)waK«r of Por- 
 tttHAt. Da Branrain arrlvad ka Bnfland 
 ■buul tha and of Juna. and aoeordinc to 
 hi* inatrucUona. a«r«ad on tha plan of tha 
 cMipaiin with tha oardindl. Ha than lafl 
 far Fraaoa, and on tba Slat ol July, and had 
 ao iHiorvww with iha Doha do Bourbo* al 
 Boof||«i-8faaaa.(*) Haory, who had oo 
 fhith is vanaa ptoaaiaaa, ordarad kai^iit, 
 hta ambaaaador at Bruaaala. to go to P<oarg 
 diamii^wdA*) ud to aaaoM hiiaaalf <t tha 
 CMiaUbia'a IMiniia, b; nqMinag. Itafera 
 ' thinn alaa, a cowuatoa ri aa i af tha 
 
 ] (•) MS8. Vllall.. B. V.,». 1»4. 
 
 (h| C-jOHniMioa to Dr. iampfMf •^.■f* 
 Mkkard Jorafai«haai, 16th May. IMS. (It iafai 
 lUSili^UtSrVm^. O. II.. p. «»vJwo 
 MhaM of Iha 17th iaUU»a to «*• total** af 
 r«Bea.-llll8. Vaaf. II.. f '"• ..^ *»?J? 
 §nm Paoa. hat which wna not aant lb. a. 1 99- 
 
 (•) A copy of thaaa inatructiowa ia la Iha 
 Britfak lluaauB.. llftS. Va« , ». 138, a. I . 
 
 («i MHH. Vaap. C. II, p.Mi.~»aa a lattaf 
 ftoai Wolaay. dated S July, printtd by Gait.— 
 Motteaaa aaa d«a fiatnw-hiaebaa AnsaiTMi la 
 
 "STfflJlSii ia habit dlaiiaiaJad^Mi«. 
 ?aa^. p. «. 
 
 Dwka'a plaa aa t« how tha erowa af Iha 
 VaMa wiMUd ba aanfbrrMl oa tha KtN« tl 
 Rnaland. Tu traval through franra with 
 liMlrueUoa* wkWh wouM li« «a<n|>iW»*it la 
 not laaathan tu pairM •oi»«. "aa t-.« |>«nlaua 
 a rayac« for Krii«hl.(r) Nir John HuaMll, 
 aa hMa« a o dawa d wteh * graataf Atgrn* 
 ot riHiraar*. proaalMMl to hava au laiarvlov 
 htmaalf with HourlNio. and Mt with a 
 traaiy,(t) aNrMMl by iha kinR. whlrh ha 
 ga«a to tha duka la •lalianna for an «niia«a. 
 niaal tmm that prtnoa. Tha Coaatobla 
 procniaad to dathruna hia eo«ni»aaloa-*t-. 
 arma «l Man«aann, to wajja wmf anainat 
 hIa country, to ll||hl uadar a f.weign 
 ataadard, and to doiivtr Paria into tha hamU 
 of tha Tudor i but aa a pric* of bla Ifaaehary. 
 ha waa lo rarakra • f*' ppuvlnaaa.C*) 
 Bourboa avlnoad no amirfton m raffral oa 
 •Ifninf Ihta ortialna) anfi^ffamant. t)n hia 
 ratum to Paria, ha praMndad that ha waa 
 too anwail to aecAffipany Bonairat. aad 
 that tha air of tha cmilry w»» nacaaaary 
 for tha ra-aataliUahmani of hia ttaalth i and 
 aecordinRly. to kaap up tha daoaptioa. ha 
 waa carrtad in a llttar aa far aa Mo«lina.(i) 
 
 Tha allka wata not Ion* bafora thar 
 aommancMi tbair opara»i«na. Tha Spaniah 
 army took poaaaaaion, oa tha iDth of Map- 
 taoibor. Uas. of (it. J>>kn da Lua, and oa 
 tha iBorroar baaloRad Bayoana. Afiarihraa 
 orardwoaa aaaaulta. aoaotaafally rapulaad 
 by Oa Laotiae, tha aMMay ratrata d , ami 
 aainaoaad PoaUraWa to eapiialata^ whioh, 
 iteooch tba oowardica of bar govamor, 
 Inmadlalrly tbrnr opaa bar Ralaa to tha 
 MMioy.^) Tba aoosuaot of tWa Iowa 
 raadarad tba eoafadafataa maalora of iha 
 Btdaaana. bmI Wd Goyoaaaaad Uaguadoo 
 opaa to tbair attaak. Durtag tkia iavaaioa of 
 tha 8|iaaiarda.thaCouatof Purataaabaf«taok 
 poaaaiaioB. at tha Urot Muaaoaa. of Coifly, 
 
 (f) Of. Kal^fa laltar ta Wolaay IVooi 
 BiUalTof W&Aac, 15».-MM. Oalba. 
 
 "•(I) f J!L>tloaa la Mr Joka B.aaril.-MM. 
 
 (f ) It ia ikoo^t by tba Ung a graco and 
 hki council, that a mora hooouiabia graond — .- 
 ooearion caimot ba takaa b« tha aaU 4«ka, 
 thwi to raoogaiaa ika klna-a graca hia auporloi 
 aad aoraraiga lord, nMkkg oath and aoalliy 
 uaio hia aa to tha rightfyi iaharad^ of tka 
 erowa of Praaaa. - Sa* Vaap. p 63. 
 (i) Tniaar. _ 
 
 (J) Raftai da Thayraa,— Toraar 
 
 r 
 
 i 
 
uf« or ■■xM viii. 
 
 daw Ik* ewtni tt Um 
 •HwffMl on tiM KtNf «l 
 tl Ikrough ¥fmne* wiUi 
 wiiubi t(« •aini>«M«<t m 
 [•• (ulua, ••• 1<M> |>«HlmM 
 !.(« ) Hlf Jubn HummII. 
 wiili ■ irwtof <l«if«H 
 Ml to hmw Ml MUfTlav 
 rbaii. and Ml Willi • 
 f lb« kInR. which Im 
 •f«ltaiH|* f»r Ml iinMic*- 
 iftnM. TIm CuM«tabk 
 <in« hia e<jfn|>«iii<Mf«t- 
 I, to W«||* *" •«•>»•* 
 Ailht UM<t«r ■ f<>f«i||i» 
 lirtr Pmm into iba hiinta 
 
 • ft prk* of bi« iraMbwry, 
 m % fi*- pf«»i»eaa.('«) 
 la amndon m ratirat o* 
 
 il aniiHI*'"*'*'- *'" '"* 
 prtwodad thai ha was 
 tit»f»nj Bonnitrat, and 
 a cuiitry waa MMaaary 
 inant of hia haallb | and 
 lap up tha (iaoaplba. b« 
 ter aa far aa M<HiliiM.O) 
 I Mit Wnff bafora tkaf 
 iparaiUna. Tha Spaniak 
 «n, <>• tha iDth o( itap^ 
 kt. Jttbn d« Lua, and <ia 
 •dBay««iia. AfMrtkrM 
 I*, auaoaaafiilljr r«piila«4 
 
 • mmmf ratraafUd. awl 
 Mm to wpitalMa^ wkioh, 
 irdica of bar gwarnor, 
 r aiMB bar KMaa m lb« 
 !oiM|UM* uf tbia tow* 
 fadaf*taa maalara of iba 
 OoymM wd LMgoodoo 
 L DurtaffthtokBvaaionof 
 louotof VuraMnbaivtooli 
 <lr«t aoaaaona, of Coitf* 
 
 b lattav to Wolaajr (Voai 
 .«(, 1A«8.~MM. Oaiba, 
 
 »Mr JobBBMaaU.-IIM. 
 
 t by tba Unfa graco and 
 lora hMiottiabIa (nwnd '-.^ 
 I takaa b« iba aald dnka, 
 ta klng'a (nica hia tupMiot 
 , Mdtbfl oaib and tt.lality 
 rldktMl iiihar«<Uar of Ibt 
 
 •yraa.— Tunar 
 
 b €3ham,iaiii*, etot*«d iba >!••»<» Hayood 
 NM^bAlat. ihlrwd alanf Iha Mmw*". and 
 a.Wanr.d a* fc» •• Ja»«^t^. »•"« "Hhou* 
 pfMUInlnK any whara lh« fall •» Tfanala I. 
 Hi* Uuha of Ouiaa had otdy a b.»dy «>f 400 
 a«ral> y to arraal iha pfiiuTaa* of Iha anainy » 
 bul afou.a.i hy hia appaal. Ib« nobility of 
 Iha pr»*mea armad Ibr'.r ratolnafa and 
 haraMMd Iha .iiamy. Tliay o«n down iha 
 graaa aod Iraaa. tmrnl Iha huahaa. i.nm.K>rod 
 iba boala faawnati 1. iha banht »f Iha rirar. 
 and dro»a bafoca iham Iha InhaWiania of 
 Iha »illanaa. whara iha Oarmftna ml|tbl 
 IMX-.iiil; (Ind tirofialona und »mmunltiona 
 Tba CoHni of Furaiambarn. baing unpro- 
 Tidail wliJi x'ftralry. ratraola^ ftcwio Iha 
 Mauaa with bia ; iJdUn wb oal with 
 fallRua and hun||»r.(«) and purauad In ihfir 
 ralraal by an anainy who ahowad ihrin 
 no ({iMrtor. Pural«mbar« andi>av.Hir«d Ui 
 aO^ a raalatanaa naar Naufchltal, hul 
 WM complatoly rortia.l.(*) HU drfeftl WM 
 ft aavara ohack lo 'm oonfaderatoa i for 
 Iha alUaa, oonAding i\ what ihay had heanl 
 horn Ruaaall. lna|finad that Prance waa 
 waar of bar hing, and ihal, waighad down 
 by wratchadnaaa and daapair, aba waa only 
 wailing for an op(>ortunliy to ba llbaraiad 
 from tha y«»ha of • haiad aoYaralgn.'*(») 
 Aa Iha prediction h»d no! haan ftccom- 
 ptlabad, tha ambaaaadur atlrlhoiad Iha 
 iighl of Ibt Oarman iroopa lo Iba ironay 
 whleh PKneia had diatribulsd. tharahy 
 eomipiing tha fldallly of thraa capuinaX*) 
 Aa aoon aa Hanry bad haard that tha 
 Oatmana hftd invadad Lomiiia. tha D«iha 
 of Suffolk wta ordorad to amhvk f )t 
 Obtftia, whlthar Iba CoonI of Bur«B bad 
 ■rrlTad from PlftBdora to gonearl with tba ad- 
 mlrftlptftaaftorlh«fonbe«iBiBgauBpftigB.(*) 
 
 (*) Baptn da Thoyraa. 
 
 (•(....Tba moal part of Iba laalm wouU 
 bora drawn to-arda him. Uiay belni iba 
 oorriaal pwpla In Iha world that ha did not 
 
 B V. p. ill —I Iblnk ihat thara narar waa 
 priBoa ao aril balovad among hia anbjacta aft ka 
 
 k— lb- 
 
 (d) Tba Francb king did aand a Kraal anm 
 of monay amuag th»m. inaomuch ihai thraa 
 Mplaiita bad ihraa flagona full of oiowiia.— 
 
 M8S. Vlull. f.vn. , .. « . w_ 
 
 (a) Knlghl'elallar.BrttaaBllallhSaptombar. 
 
 MM. Galba, B. VUi., p M. 
 
 On Iba UMb of haplaaahar. ika RngUab aad 
 rwmiiah anntaa •f«rla«l a jo«u.H.»f».(f) and 
 fortaad a b..dy *>( lo.txw lnfa»«»y. a«d 
 10.000 aarftlfT (•) l«u»*lh bad Intowlad 
 to ftitoak n<««laiina i bul aaliag undar Ibo 
 ftdviM of Wolwy. who d«atcaJ bta M 
 m&rrh, without d-lar. on tb«ia« proifUaoft 
 wbara tha ConatobU had aoma Intaraal. lb* 
 admiral iwarrhad along Iha banka of iho 
 Somma, purp<i«ing lh«ia to panatrala isto 
 Iha ha«rt of franca. Uurtog ibia mftfftk, 
 Iha Rngltah army a««ii««l tha |>«»pla to 
 ravolt, or Ml gam lliair fcaadom. to uaa tbft 
 Unguana. .mployad by iha eoalitionlata. and, 
 fta (ha paaaontry ol iba country wara •«!»• 
 poavd to ho IWlhful to BnglaBd. Huffolh 
 and l>a Buran wara <iTd#ra<l to forbaftr frotB 
 burning and pillaging (•») La rrdmollla, 
 ftl tba haftd of ft fow ihouaand oaralry. fbl- 
 U>w«l Iba oonfadarftiaa. bftraaatng ibam la 
 ibaii march, ootling offlhair o.mvoya, and 
 moaaaoring iha laggarda without maray. 
 Suffolk had lafl Haadin and UouUma. ft* 
 bo would not ramnin ftl ftny pUoa wblali 
 would faqoira to ba baairgad. U Trdwodlo 
 bopad to gira tba anamy ft ehaok ftl Bray, 
 but wftft bimaalf altaekad ii ao briab ft 
 ■Mftnar oa to ba obligad to ralrrftl, Uft*to(| 
 bia arttllory la tha powar of Suffolk. Brftf 
 eapitoUtod on tba Wth of Oelobor. Tbo 
 •lUaa bftiiad ihara bat ft law houra to pUUgo 
 
 lho"raboltown,-(') 
 
 Tha ory of " Llbarty. Uborly." hftd not 
 boon h«wd ainoo Ihoy bad aaaa Iho aobilUf 
 and Iho paaaaato. aad aron tha woaDoa 
 (boiag daotb to anra thalr country i bul 
 tboy dftlroyad arary vllhga ftnd bamlM 
 IhftI Ihoy mat on Ibair osftroh. ITiay bad 
 eroaaad ibo Olao. bad takaa Muoldidiar fta4 
 Comptdgao. ftod had thalr vftagtiarda poftto4 
 ftl Sonlia ftnd Morf oauiaa. " To Parift." wftft 
 now Iba cry haard ob aU aida*. Tbo Kiaf 
 of Bnglaod alraady iMffiBod blnaalf ftl 
 
 (t) Moro-a laitar to Wolaoy, bik 8a|».-* 
 
 M8S. lb. 
 
 (I) HaplB da Thoyraa. 
 
 (h) Wolaay raooiiimondad lo hia aorarngB 
 tba* Iba army with proclamaiiooa of llbarty, 
 and lurbaartng » ^orn. ahuald pmcaad. aa4 
 march f..rwarda to Hie pluc^ cl«»iaa«l by too 
 Duke of Bourbon, »hich w-uld be eaaily takaa 
 without r*alaiMico.-- Turasr. 
 
 (I) D« Ballay. - Hapln dft> fboyrtft.- 
 Tomar. 
 
m 
 
 Liyi or aKNHY viit. 
 
 fit DenU; and Wolwy ihiwd hU niMtar't I 
 delutbna wliile reftding Sir John RuMcU't 
 di«patohM. •' Sir." he wrote, " your ermy 
 is every wiiere held in dre»d.(») We eball l»e 
 Very eoon at Pariej" and More, whoee know- 
 leilffe of Prance waa only throuKh Skelton'a 
 iatiree or Suffolk's dispateliei, which he read 
 to the kjn«. believed that the would ecaroely 
 offer any renieiance, and that the admiral's 
 next dinitatohea would be dated from the 
 LouTre.(i>) Pari* wa« pHnic-etricken. The 
 Kales of the city were oloied, and awry 
 precaution Uken by the Parliament for her 
 aecurity.(«) Guards were placed on the 
 bcirri<-s to see whether the Eonlish or 
 Flemish iroops were in siRht, when, sud- 
 denly, a body of cavalry was aeen marching 
 from Lyons to the succour of the metro- 
 piilis, under the command of the Duke of 
 VendAme. From them the Parisians learned 
 that the Duke of Guise, a«ter havin« de- 
 feated the Germans commanded by Fure- 
 tembertc, was advancing by forced marohea 
 to the aid «f Paris i that U 'IWmoille, 
 Neovered from the check he had received 
 at Bray, hail armed the country, and was 
 manoBuvrinK to cut off fho retreat of the 
 allies, and that the roail between Senile and 
 PMs waa covered with anow; that the 
 plague which had accompanied the English 
 forces from Calue waa making frightful 
 ravagea in their campK*) that a serions 
 misunderstanding had ariaen between their 
 two ehieftansi and that the Vleminga had 
 refased to advance f^her.(*) 
 
 Three generala of acknowledged valour. 
 La Ti<moille, VendAme, and Guise; the 
 plague, famine, and anow: what more 
 could be requinsd to repulse the enemy ) 
 Paria was saved. On receiving the In- 
 teltigence that the French army was at 
 liand, the Englieh admiral, who was hourly 
 losing some of hia men, determined to 
 n^mbark for England. Scarcely half the 
 40^000 men, with whom the campaign and 
 been commenced, now remained. The 
 English soldiers, cut up and weakened by 
 
 (s)....Sir. they fear your armv mar- 
 vellomly in France, and «»»« ••y'.'.f ^J""' 
 said army is at Pans.— MSB. vit., »• v., 
 
 Ik 317 
 
 ''(b) *M88. Galba, B. ?!«., P- 91. 
 
 .(«) Cafeflgtie. 
 
 (*) Turner. 
 
 (•> Hhme. 
 
 the plague and famine, retreated fr«B 
 Senile in deep silence. To Justify his con- 
 duct, Suffolk sent Lord Sondee before him 
 to the king, bidding him attribute his re- 
 treat to the heavy lalla of snow, the long 
 nighu, the bad stele of the roads, the wind, 
 and the indemencf of the weather.C) " 1 
 was aware of all thia before your report 
 reached me," wrote Henry to Suffolk. " I 
 send you Lord Moulsey. wiih 6,000 men to 
 replace your lossee. You must on no ac- 
 count retreat." Suffolk was lost if he kept 
 his position. He made the example of 
 Bourbon a sufficient excuse for himnelf aa 
 the former had just struck his Unt, owing to 
 the severity oi the weather, and the admiral 
 accordingly returned to CJalais, without 
 thinking of Henry's anger, who for a 
 length of time refused to receive him.(f) 
 
 Francis wa« at Lyons wlien he heard 
 that Paria had been delivered by the re- 
 treat of the allied army. With his eyes 
 bent on the Alps, he again determined 
 to invade Itely, even while the English 
 were menacing hU capital. Of all tliat 
 lovely Lombardy, of which ha atill called 
 himaelf Lord, none remained save ih« 
 Castle of Cremona, defended at first by 
 thirty gentlemen, and then only by cixht, 
 whom death had 8parwl.(>>) At the apiwar- 
 ance of Bonnivet, confusion waa ap|«rent 
 in the ranks of the Italian confederates. 
 Had the admiral token advantage of this 
 panic, and marched on Mihui. it would 
 have certainly fallen into hia hands, at 
 least, if we may bebeve contemporary 
 hiatorians; but ha lost time, which was 
 precioua to him, at Monaa, and afterwaida 
 at Vigeva, of which Bourbon took advan- 
 tage by organising a plan of defence. 
 Colonna. acting under bis orders, threw 
 himself into the citadel of Milan, rebuilt 
 ite fortifications, and armed ite ciiisens 0) 
 
 Bonnivet attempted to reduce Milan by 
 famine. He blockaded it, and took pos. 
 session of sU the advanced posts by which 
 it waa encircled, and whence aid could be 
 
 (I) Wolsey also givee the same rcas<4u foi 
 the retreat of (he Confedeiates, in a letter tu 
 the emperor.— Fiddtss. 
 
 (() Hall. 
 
 ,(h) Cspefigue. 
 (t) Toner. 
 
 T 
 
LirK OF RKMRT ml. 
 
 US 
 
 mine, rctmteil fr«B 
 i«. To Juatify hit coo- 
 ,ord Sonde* before him 
 g bim attribute hie re- 
 ■Ue of snow, ihe loBff 
 I of the roada, the wind, 
 of the wcather.C) "I 
 ihia before your report 
 Uenry to Suffolk. "I 
 Oaey. with 6.000 mm to 
 , You muat on no ac- 
 iffulkwaaloat if he kept 
 made the example of 
 t cseuae fur hiranelf « 
 atruck hia unt, owing io 
 reather, an<l tlie admiral 
 ed to Calaia, without 
 y'a angfr, who for k 
 Md to receive him.(>) 
 Lyona wlien he heard 
 M delivered by the re- 
 army. With hia cyea 
 , he again determined 
 iven while the Engliah 
 I oapital. Of all tliat 
 of which he atill called 
 >ne remained eave the 
 IS, defended at ilrat by 
 and then only by cixht, 
 par«d.(i>) At the apiiear- 
 confuaion wu ap|«rent 
 ihe Italian eonfederaiea. 
 Uken advantage of tbia 
 lad on Mihui. it would 
 Hen into hia handa, at 
 y believe contemporary 
 le loat time, which waa 
 It Monaa, and afterwaida 
 ch Bourbon took ad?aii- 
 ag ■ plan of defence, 
 under bia ordera, threw 
 eitadd of Milan, rebuilt 
 nd armed iU ciiiaen* 0) 
 pted to reduce Milan by 
 kaded it, and took poa. 
 advanced poet* by which 
 and whence aid could be 
 
 givea the aame rca*<4u foi 
 ^oDfttdeiatea, in a letter tu 
 Iva. 
 
 conveyed to the beeeiged city, and the 
 admiral for a moment believed himtelf 
 maater of Mihio. The MiUneie, w'uo in 
 their continual change of maatara had only 
 preeerved a ramembranoe of the ill-treat- 
 ment they had undergone from their feodal 
 auperiora, oAred to expel the imperial ga^ 
 riaon. If the French general promiaed not 
 to allow hia troopa to enter the city. During 
 thie parleying, licy va advanced from Pavia, 
 and the Duke of Mantua from Lodii 
 Bourbon waa manoeuvring on the Adige, ao 
 that Bonnivet, having baen anoirdcd by the 
 enemy, had no other way of retreat, aave by 
 reeroaaing the Alpa i but the confederatea, 
 anticipating thie atep, ont him off at Rebec ( 
 the admiral aoatained their attack with 
 admirable eoolncaa, and fell on thr field. 
 
 Bqrard, on learning hia death, advanced 
 to aaaunw the eommaod, but waa hinaelf 
 aoon mortally wounded. Being unable to 
 keep on horaebaok, he begged one of bia 
 aoldiera to place him at the foot of a tree, 
 for ha waa unwilling, when dying, to turn 
 hia back for the flrat time on the enemy i 
 then addreaeing one of hia ofBoere, he aaid : 
 " Will you teU the king that I die happy t 
 My aula regret ia. that 1 am anable to eerve 
 him any longer." Then putting bia award 
 to hia lipa, ho kiaaed it with great affection, 
 and looking Veavenward*. with an eye 
 beaming with '« th, began praying. The 
 night began to fUl, and afiar off, by tho 
 ghure of the flambeaux need by the guard, 
 tha French army oonld ba perceived 
 retreating in good order, nndor tha oom- 
 mand of St. PoL 
 
 Tha Manjuia of Peaoara, a gallant eoldier. 
 at tha flrat intelligence of Bayard being 
 deeply wounded, ran to embrace him, and 
 by hia fraternal and loving oondnot, raiaed 
 a amile on tha dying aoldier'a eonntenance. 
 Peecara bad a tent erected for the knight, 
 whiia a anrgaon, to aUnnch hia wounda. 
 and a prieet to hear bia eonfeaeion, were 
 lent for. Hw prieet waa the flrat to arrive, 
 beard Ma confewdon, and adminietered to 
 him tha Sacrament of Penanee.(>) At 
 thia moment, the ConaUble made hia 
 appaaranoa, and aa he waa compaadonating 
 tha aut« of tha dying priaonar. Bayard 
 
 fa) At Ua reqoeet he called a prieat to 
 iihom ha mkht oeabaa, and tarn when he 
 lacaivad akaidation.— Tytler. 
 
 eaidt '<Pity me not) t die aa a man 
 of honour; but I do, indeed, feel for you, 
 who are fighting againat your king, your 
 country, and your oath of fealty. Re- 
 member that a tragical death haa ever over* 
 Uken thoee who have drawn their eword 
 againat their oonntry."(^) The hero lifted 
 up hia eyea to heaven and then expired in 
 the aervante arms, priaonere like himaelf, 
 but lee* happy than their maater. 
 
 Peaoara had tha chevalier'e body em- 
 balmed, and oommanited a guard of honour, 
 oompoaed of veterani. to convey it into 
 Prance. The aaaembled populace of tha 
 varioua towna and villagea throngh which 
 they paaeed, knelt, through feelinga of re> 
 apeot, aa the melancholy corf^r paaeed by. 
 The Duke of Savoy had royal honoura paid 
 to hia remaina, and in Dnuphiny, of which 
 province he was a native, the clergy met 
 the body in procesiion with their bannera 
 onfttrled.(*) 
 
 The victory gained by the Conatabla 
 arouaed all tha evil paeaiona of the allied 
 army. Henry had for a moment, while 
 reading Suffolk'a deapatohea, felt himaelf 
 not a little daunted i and in tha apringof 
 1534, had evinced aymptonae of reconcilia- 
 tion with hia good brother i"(*) but when 
 informed of Bonnivet'e defeat and Bayard'a 
 death, hia idea of conquering France becama 
 more ardent than ever. A freah plan of 
 invaaion waa concerted in conjunction with 
 Charlea and Bourbon.(*} The Conatabla 
 waa to Invade Provence i Margaret, Artoi*, 
 and Suffolk, Reardy. But Henry, having 
 become aomewhat more prudent, wae un- 
 willing to invade a country where eo many 
 of hia aubiecta had periabed, without being 
 firat certun that Bourbon waa maater of » 
 great portion of ProvenccO 
 
 (k) My lord of Bonrbon, it ia not I that am 
 dceerving of compaaeloii, aince I die an honeat 
 Bsant but for mine own p«rt I am conatrsined 
 to pity yon, wben I aee you acrving in anna 
 againat yunr prince, yow couniry, and yonr 
 oatht for remember, my lord, that the death 
 of all who have home arma againat their 
 country haa been tragical— lb. 
 
 (0) Du BeUay.— BrantteM.— Paaqnier, 
 Reeberchee, Ac. ^ . , ^ ^ 
 
 (d) The plan ia hi Ihe Britiah Mnaenia.-* 
 MBS. Vil. B. VIII. p. 19. 
 
 (•) Ibid. p. 61. _.^ . ^.. 
 
 (0 Neither the kbig'a kii^aea nor I wilt 
 adviae bim to enter with ao email a oompa«y, 
 but that if Utile «c nothing were dcM en tUa 
 
 T 
 
IM 
 
 uvs ov ■BMiiT rut. 
 
 pioioua of Bourhoo, though h« had Ukm 
 Mm oMh of fealty to htait for how coaM 
 h« tnut ft IBM that had Mt«) tb« put uf » 
 ttaitor toward! hia own aovartign i Waa 
 ka not eapabla alao of batrayioff him) 
 Withoal tha oath of aHaf[iane«. to which 
 Haory. bj the waj, attached no inpor< 
 tmea. Wolaay would not iraat him » aioKla 
 ahiUing, though in want of moner t and 
 Pkea, who had racaivad £1.000 on hia 
 Meonnt, waa unwilling to adfanea it with- 
 out a lagal achnowladgment.(») Bourbon 
 waa raady to repaat an oath that ha had 
 ■baady takan Ha atill raeogniaad Henry, 
 aa ha had dona before, aa King of Franoa; 
 Jrat ha would not aoknowledge owing him 
 homage, ainoe ha waa no vaaaal. but a free 
 nan, aa much maatar of his own dnchj aa 
 Henry waa of Enghmd.(0) 
 
 In vun did Pace call raaaon and M^lary 
 to hia aid to triumph over Bourbon'e 
 obatinaoy; hia argumenu aa well aa hia 
 ^•raaaaa were perfectly powerleit«,(«) and 
 Henry wee obliged to ha content with tho 
 ^ath aa tha Conetabla waa plaaaed to taka 
 It. Ilia unhaM>y Bourbon had not ona 
 laatant of repoaa. He waa like tha Mar- 
 HUM of GWetha, hourly viaitad by tha 
 damon. Paaa waa hia evil geniua. " But 
 by what title do you purpoaa entering 
 Praaoe}" he naked of Bourbon. Tha 
 ConatiAto replied > "To recover all that 
 l^itimataly balonge to Hit Grace the King 
 of Bngland. the emperor, and myaelf. tha 
 CoBaUble."(') But aoaroely waa ha left to 
 fftmnniiM in aolituda with a beatt torn to 
 
 ■Ma ha aai^t vet be able to keep the fteld. 
 beiiefe towns end placce, and also to give the 
 batt^ to the French kiii|.—Wols«gr'sTett«r to 
 Pace. 38th May, 15M.— MSB. Harl.. Mo. «8. 
 M. ft9> 60. 
 
 (•> Wolsey'e letter.— M88. Vit., p. 60. 
 
 m But When 1 moved him to do hoasoM 
 he eeld that the king by treety had granted 
 aato him hw doehy, and all hie lends free, end 
 that when a piinoe had gnanmtead frnsdom 
 endUbevty, heconM ask nana h e a mie becaasa 
 ana is contrary to the othcr.-MSa Vtt p. 100. 
 
 (•) We had a long canvenalioa, and Anally 
 he would oondcacead to none homage, hai to 
 the oath.— M8S. Vit. B. VI. p. 101. 
 
 (4) Under what title the said duke intend- 
 eth to enter France r He an^wered, Under 
 this title : To rwjover all that eppertainelh 
 tWktAdhr to the khMfe grace, the empnor, and 
 Sm^E-'Paea'a^^atch.— MM. VttaL. B 
 ibp).«. 
 
 piacea, pcrhape by remorie fbr hie I reac h ary, 
 than Paoa would reappear. " Are yon ama. 
 if you have tha active co-operation of Bng- 
 knd, to dethrone Valoisr" "Yee, quite 
 aura to expel him. and eeiahUah the King 
 of Bnglaad on the throne of Francet tall 
 tha eardinal that I am confldant of auo- 
 Qsas."(*) " Oh I what a wiaa and virtuoua 
 prinoa." wrote Paaa to Wnbey. whiU 
 relating hia eonvere ati on with hiro.(0 Pace 
 daeind to entangle hia victim. Wolaey and 
 Henry wonU be delighted oouhl he do eo. 
 A Satanic eontraol mnat be i;igned hefaea 
 witneeaae. Pace had enticed the ConetnUe 
 into a room in which wer« the vioeroy of 
 Naplaa and Da BaaMraintO and, it amy 
 ba, a cmoiflx over tha chimney. Ha took 
 a pan. and wrato die traitor'a oath. Bouw 
 bon pledged htmealf to aoknowladge Henry 
 of Knf^d aa King of Franee. and phwad 
 hia aignatura and aaal to tbia impioua act. 
 Faoa waa even happier at thia tranaactian 
 than whan wa mat him, boaatiag of hia 
 attainmenU at an hostelry, in the county 
 of Kent, before a great ibahunter, who waa 
 puaalad to know how a gentleman ctiold 
 have hia children taught to read^k) •• B« 
 not afraid," aaid he to hU patrona, «'tha 
 ConstaUa will Krve the king toyallyi 
 ha will give him tha crown of Franoa^ 
 Fear not that ha will heap it himaalf, «r 
 aUow another to taka it.»(') Wa might 
 imagine that tha aoldkr of MarignaM 
 
 (•) Ha saUlnnto ma that if the kteg would 
 pntto his head, and not let sUp the great an4 
 evident occasion he hath to recover the crown 
 of France, he pntieth no doubt by the aid of 
 U» iBUL'tnnce. to expvl totally the Pteaoh 
 king out of Prance, and to set the oown o(th« 
 lealm upon the king's head aa true inheritoi^ 
 thereof, and then be asked me efUKtons to write 
 untD the ktog'e higbnees. and your grace snV> 
 •tenUally.-Ih. p. IQU ^ . ^ ^ 
 
 (f) 1 do signify to yowmoe, that! find 
 him a very aubeUmtial, wise, and virtaoaa 
 prince.— lb. p lOli 
 
 (•) 1 theo^t convenient for the AutbaraBM 
 of the enteifriae, to take hia oath ip lh« 
 prcaence of two wltneteea, the viceroy of 
 Haplee and M. Beanrain ; and ihua I do take 
 this oath in the moel ample maaaer I cmI* 
 
 Kt the same, which your grace shall seca|*« 
 re incliecd. and the tame shall be«sd«iqL 
 form •uiheiiUc— MUS. Viiell., B. VI. p. 101. 
 (*) Bee oh. VII I. 
 
 (i) I see him niterly determined to aarve 
 the king truly and failhi^y in tharecoveryiof 
 hia orana of Franca, and not t^t. aifka. a«fc 
 
 ... . ,■• .■ -:•! 
 
 — IBWW- 
 
 T 
 
inrB or mwrnrnt Tin; 
 
 IM 
 
 mnorit fbr ha iwx lw ry, 
 eappMT. " An yon •on, 
 iiv« oo-opantioii of Eng- 
 • VAloUr "Yw. quite 
 I, ud Miabliahtha King 
 w throM of Fnnrat mU 
 I I Mn eoafldant of mo- 
 what » wiae ■ad virtaotu 
 PaM to WolMf. wbUa 
 iMtionwithhiin.(0 Pm* 
 1« hit Tictim. Wolaay and 
 deliRhtad oould ha do to. 
 Ml maak ba uiffoad heforc 
 had anticad tha ConaMUa 
 vhieh wtra tha vMaMjr of 
 BaMiraini(') ud. it ouqr 
 ir tha ehimnay. Ha tooh 
 tha traitor'a oath. Bonn 
 ■all to aaknovladfa Uumrj 
 ioR of Franea. aid ptecaA 
 i aaal to thia inpioaa Mt. 
 bappierat thia tnuiaaeliaB 
 Diat him, booatiag of hia 
 A hoatelrj, in tha eounty 
 , graat ftnbuntar, who was 
 r how a Kantlaaan atioU 
 1 tMHiht to raad^k) •• B« 
 t he to hia patrona, «'th« 
 Krve tha hing loyaUyi 
 m tha erowD of Franoaw 
 » will haap it hinaalf, or 
 » taka ifC) Wa migh* 
 ha aoldkr of MaiigaaM 
 
 ito aa that if tha kisff woald 
 nd not lat slip the mat ao4 
 h» hath to rcoovar ue crown 
 tieth no doubt by tbo aid of 
 to axpvl totally tha Ptaaoh 
 la. aud to Mt tha oiown of thft 
 ling's head aa troa inharitoi^ 
 ba aakad me eftaoona to writo 
 Mhaaaa. and year giaeaaaV* 
 . lOU 
 
 ^ to yoarmoa, that, I flad 
 MUmtial, wtae, aad Tiitooaa 
 )1. 
 
 sonvaniaatfor tha ^i t h i i a n ao 
 la, to lake hia oath i^ Ih* 
 ) witnctaea, tha vkwj of 
 Bcanratai ; and ihua t do take 
 noal umf\» maaan I cmI# 
 licb your vwre ahaU localH) 
 id the Mune aball baa^adaia. 
 .MtiS. Viieil., B. VI. p. 101. 
 III. 
 
 I tttterly drtennined to aerre 
 idfailbi^ ill tb«Tecorety«r 
 raaca. and aot t^afko^awfr 
 
 •mM hara trambW while algoing the 
 downfbll of hia brother-in-anna. (for the 
 nadar wiU pardon our having juet apoken 
 of hia remorae) but we were deoeired. 
 fbr on looking orer Paee'a dlapatcbea wa 
 are eurprited at obMrving that tha Duke of 
 Bourbon dU tiemblo. *d haaitate before he 
 Bigned tha fatal deed i but it wae tJirough 
 a cowardly fbar of bring »>«trayed. He 
 had been told that a monk had left Parte 
 for London with eacrat inatnictiooa fmni 
 tha regent, and ha aaapeetod the King of 
 England. (•) But he wm haunted by 
 another apectre-the Pope. He wae awara 
 that Hia HoVmewhad threatened to punHh 
 Chariea. and Henry aleo, If he took the 
 oath of fealty to the latter ;(») bnt we are 
 ignorant aa to the meaeurea adopted by 
 Pace to orercome hie aoepioiona and feara. 
 About the end of June, 1594. the ConeUble 
 wae at Burgoe. a email tillaga a* the foot 
 of tha Alpa, and had under hU command 
 30,000 men. With thle handful, he wae 
 About to Inrade France. (•) He muet, 
 indeed, bare had wonderful oonSdenoe in 
 hia good ator, or have deepiaed the Talour 
 of hia enemy. Bourbon had for aorae tiine 
 itoiagined that hie appearance alone would 
 eanae the peaaante to ioek to hia rebel 
 •tendard. aa he and Henry wore f*lly por* 
 auaded that Franea wae weary of the Valoia- 
 Tha Eogliah Mephiatophilea again ap. 
 peered before Bourbon, whom he followed 
 from encampment to encampment in the 
 TieinHy of St. Unrent dn Var. P»oe wanted 
 a freah oath. In tha preaenee of Popevina 
 and three French gentlemen, whoaa namee 
 «re not mentlonad, Bovrbon ewora on hia 
 
 manner of practice to he ktaf himeelt nor to 
 
 a«?er any ither than care only w ktoa aa 
 
 S«Witor<here.-ll98. Vltill.. ».. p. JW. 
 
 (a) iBamrata dtewad *ttto ma. thatthe dnke 
 
 waa Wto put into a great i«P>«»2, «» .*7» 
 eauami one dttt he waa adreilM, that a 
 cattafai IHar wm once cent faito BoglaM fty 
 tktrnaak Ung'aaMthar.who had leeretoem- 
 iMwieetinnwilh yo« gr«e. which he etti>po.«i 
 ewdd not be to hia pnrpoee.— M88. Vlt. B. 
 
 WatLd, Itkath beeoifcowad nte.him. 
 
 T" 
 
 i 
 
 thrt'te Popa'e'holinem will eonrert all Wa 
 aawaranhKrttheUng aad the emperor if be 
 Sake aMHoh oath, or |i«» homage «nto the 
 
 <^aca'e letter, #une.^ll88. Vlt B. VI. 
 t.101. 
 
 — -^r* 
 
 award and hie honour, that he would plMO 
 the crown of Franca on the head of tho 
 King of England, or parith in the attomptC) 
 He could now be eafely allowed to go oat 
 there would no linger be any fear of hia 
 being in want of money. The duh^ aftor 
 having occupied Aix and Dragoigan trana- 
 fcrred hie heed-qoartore to Avignon (•) 
 From thie dty. than under the goretoment 
 of tha Holy See, he might, by tha aid of 
 datachmente, escUe the people dweUing on 
 the banke of the Rhone to revolt. 
 
 Bourbon had conceived the plan of 
 ariaing on Lyona by a hold eoup-dt-mmiut 
 aa that city, from ite aituation on two river*, 
 waa the hey aa well of Italy aa of Provenoe i 
 but whan informed that Franoia wae then 
 at the head of a large army, he felt certain 
 that he would fliil in the attack. Yet it 
 waa neeeeaary that a blow «h*«ild be atroek, 
 and that by tha capture of eome important 
 city, he might induce W..Uey to aend him 
 the euhaidiea which had been ao hwg pro. 
 miaed. With Maraeillee in hia power, \m 
 would b* matter at once of Provence and 
 the Mediurrenean; he, conaequently, re- 
 •olvad to make tha attempt;?) but even 
 ehoold ha auoceed, Maraeillee waa at a 
 great diatanca from Bheime, when he had 
 promiaad to crown Henry. (■) Bourlion 
 wae eompelled, after a tinge of forty daya^ 
 to yield to the heroiam of the aoldiara, 
 citiaene. roagiatratea. and even tha women, 
 who fought fkom tha rampaita in defoneo 
 of their eity.(k) 
 
 (a> He called me to Urn in the pnMoo* 
 •f the 8leur de Fopevine and three ethj 
 gentlemen of France, endt aa he dothmeet 
 tonati andheinaveryeerloueaunnerdealred 
 me to mark dUigeoily what he would eay. imd 
 to write the aame to the king my maelar, ano 
 your grace. Hie worda fonneliy were tbiee; 
 1 promiM unto yon.^npon my faidi, i ^ V 
 thi help of my fWend^ put the crown of Fn«» 
 
 naon the Uag eur ««"«»••*"•■??*•" 
 ^le an lifb aball be cut off.— MSS. ih.. pp. 
 
 ^^^)9mmf» letter. Slat Aug. (15M)— MSB. 
 
 il^ Tha mid daka had pwmdaadme^ho 
 w^ «Aa the etmight way aaeoon <»J^» 
 Ml Bowar. and toatrike battle, if he might. Mr 
 S nnte imrpoee. to the eity of Bheima theear 
 - to SoSTlhe kingji-Paoe'e letter te 
 
 Wdanr.MdiAug.— MSCih..p. lU* . 
 
IM 
 
 lira or neMHT viui 
 
 MuTMillei nved the monarchy. Bourbon 
 did not MS the navkl Miiftance %vhich 
 IVolMjr had proiniMxi him for tba boro< 
 bardment of the city i and. aa the alliea 
 kiul been affaln defeated, the Conauble'a 
 Ntraat from before Maraeillea waa attributed 
 to the insufficiency of hie forceii, and the 
 poverty in which he waa kept by Woleey.(*) 
 The Conatable bad not ocaaed to pray 
 "hia Kood oouain and father" to aend him 
 BoncyiC*) but Woleey only wiebed him 
 •ucceea in his undrrUkinff, and wrou to 
 Ptwe, " In the name of liia m^eaty, and in 
 my nnme, I beaeeeh you t.» watch over the 
 Bobla duke i tb« liing and I lora him ao 
 dearly, that it would indeed grieve ua ^ 
 deeply were any thing to ooour to him ;"(<>) 
 but not a ativw did he receive froaa 
 England. 
 
 The onnfederatee never onoa apoke in 
 their dispatohea of the iduet of <h« 
 eitiaena of Marseilles. 1 uing, of tboee 
 noble ladiea who had flllaJ the ditohea with 
 rocketa, which would have exploded under 
 the feet of the Spaniards, bad they become 
 naatera of the city; nothing, of that 
 ancient tower of St. Paula, where the flriug 
 neither ceased day nor night; nothing, of 
 thoaa sailors who showed such dexterity 
 in climbing the ringing of their veaaehi 
 Dotbing, of tbnae riflemen whoee aure aim 
 bad killed a priest whilat celebrating Maas 
 In Peeeara'stent; nothing, of Notre>Dame* 
 de-la-Oarde. whose image waa carried in 
 procession through the atreete. and whoee 
 aid waa invoked ; nothing, of that foolieb 
 Joyouaneaa of the eitiaena who interred 
 their dead while singing.C^i But we bave 
 evidence etill remitfning of the bravery 
 displayed by the beeiegedtin the letter that 
 l^neia addreesed to the mayor and other 
 authorities of Marseilles, after the reacne of 
 thur city :— " Messire Cbarlea le Bourbon 
 ■aeaidted the 0117 three timeej but the 
 
 (a) Pace's letter, 11th Sep., IMM.— M88. 
 VU.. ib., p. 193. 
 
 (*> liss. vit.. B. VI., p. aoi. . ^ ^ „ 
 
 ( «) Te shall on the king's and my behalf, 
 deelie him to have special rejtard to the eecurity 
 of tie own person. The king and I. '«« »• 
 tender love we have to the said duke, should 
 take in no smalt regret anf adverse cbauce to 
 bkownpenon. HaH. M8S. 888.. p. M. 
 
 («> C«pei.iue. 
 
 nuble and valiant knights, with tlia aid .of 
 the oitiaens and our Lord, repulaed them ao 
 rudely each time, that many of hia men 
 were killed, eome drowned, and soma taken 
 prisoners. Seeing this, at the third and 
 last assault, after that he had hoard that 
 the king waa at Avignon, at the Cap4.de 
 Rouasa, or the environs, Isvying an araay 
 wherewith to check hia progress, and 
 conaidering that he had no hope of succour, 
 he decamped one night and drew off bis 
 army from before the abom named city 
 of Maraeillee. but not without leaving a 
 portion of hia artillery, to bis very gT3at 
 diabonour and ahama, returning by the 
 way he had come."(*) 
 
 Had Francia now expressed a wish for 
 peace, after the Consuble'a defeat, ha might 
 bave euily obteiOMl it. At Rome, Clement 
 VII. had foreaeen the fate of the expedition, 
 and had predicted ite failure.(0 It waa 
 with heartfelt and ainoero grief that ha 
 heard of theea dispntaa between Chriatian 
 aovereignet and if they had but lia^nad 
 to hia patamal roica, thay would have taken 
 up arms against the Turke. then menacing 
 Germany. The Fall of Rhodea. that taoH 
 part of Chriatendom, which had been con- 
 quered bj Solimsn, had cauaed • great 
 aensa^n at Roma, and by the worda of 
 the grand master, Charles da VUliers. who 
 had gone to the Holy City, to relate the 
 miracleeof prowess which his 3.000 knighte 
 had perfonned for the triumph of the croea, 
 ; the Pope waa deeply affected. From 
 • Rhodea. Soliman could eaaily ovamn 
 Sicily, Hungary, Germany, and avan Italy. 
 The Papacy, the advanced aantinal of civi> 
 lisation, beeonght her elder aona to turn 
 againat tba enemy of the bnmar. race^ but 
 they rafnaad to listen to bar Toice.(l) 
 
 On the 9tb of Maicb. IftSft, the Utd 
 Mayor and tba aldermen tnvaraad tba 
 atreete of London, clad in thair ImM 
 robea. and preceded by tmmpeta anil 
 dariona. In tiie public squaraa ran ioaB> 
 taina of wine. At Tower Hill, tba ambaa 
 sadora of Flanders and Venice, meeting 
 at the aama time, drank wina toffelh«. 
 
 (•) Bib. Boy. M88. No. 9909. 
 (f) B. Bath's letter from Uoma»t 
 M8S. Vit.. B. V(. page 808. 
 (t) Lingard. 
 
 T 
 
kniffhU, with ilia kid of 
 ur Lord, repuUtd kh«m M 
 , that many of bia man 
 (Irownad, and aoma Ukan 
 K tbia, at iha tbird Md 
 
 that ba had baard that 
 Ariitnon. at tha Caji^.da 
 ivirona, Uvying an araay 
 lieok bia proifrcai, and 
 le bad no bopa of aucoour, 
 a niglit and draw off hU 
 « tha abova named city 
 It not without laaving a 
 rtiUery, to hia rery utMi 
 ihama, raturning by tha 
 
 K>w axpraaacd a wiah for 
 onaubla'a dafaat, ba might 
 itod it. At Roma, Cleroaot 
 1 tha fata of tha expadition , 
 «d iU failura.(0 It wm 
 nd ainocra grief that ha 
 iiputaa batween Chriatian 
 
 if thay bad but liatanad 
 nca, thay would hare takan 
 tha Turka, than manaeing 
 
 Fall of Rhodea, that turn- 
 dom, wbicb bad been con- 
 ma, had cauacd • graat 
 ma, and by tha worda of 
 r, Charlaa da VUliara, who 
 I Holy City, to relate tha 
 Baa which hia 3,000 knigbu 
 ir the triumph of the craaa, 
 
 deeply affected. From 
 m could eaaily orarran 
 , Germany, and oven Italy. 
 
 advanoed aantinal of eivi> 
 ht her elder aona to turn 
 ny of the humar racob bill 
 iiten to her Toice.(>) 
 »f Marah. IftSft, the liord 
 aldermen tnvaraed iho 
 don, dad in their UkM 
 Boeded by trompeta aail 
 B public aquarea lU foan* 
 At Tower Hill, the amhw> 
 dera and Veidoe, meeting 
 na, drank wina toffethv. 
 
 M88. No. 9909. 
 
 letur from HoaM»t Oeii«* 
 
 I. page 908. 
 
 •T 
 
 Ur% or HRMBT Till. 
 
 HT 
 
 At 8t. Paal'a, the cardinal, radiant with 
 ve«tmenta adorned with precioua itonee. 
 celebrated the holy Sacrifice ;(•) at which 
 the king, teated on a relret cuthion, 
 •••ietad. The»e feetlvitlee aroaa from the 
 intelligence that Fr.ncla I. bad J«»» J'*" 
 Uken prisoner, having been defeated by 
 the Conttahle at Pavia. 
 
 FrancU had eeen hie braveat oAcera fall 
 nround him. Wounded in hia face ant 
 band, all coTcred with b«ood, on foot aa a 
 aimple aoldier, for hie borae had been 
 killed, he continued flghling, and refuaed 
 to eurrender.W None of tha Spaniard*, 
 who bad aurrounded him, knew who be 
 waa, and imagined by hia helmet end 
 armour that ha waa aoma offlcer of die- 
 tinction. "Surrender," they cried wiih 
 one Toloe i " we will not kill you." Franoia, 
 hia arma enveloped in % aoarf given him 
 by one of hie ml«tre**ea.(«) fought deape- 
 mtely. and would probably have fallen a 
 victim to hie raahneae. had be not been 
 reoogniaed by Pomeran, the oompanion and 
 Bcoomplioe of Bourbon, who ordered the 
 Spaniard* to puraue the enemy and leave 
 tha knight al.me. aa he had but a few 
 minutea to live. " Sire," aaid Pomperan, 
 in a low voice to hi* priaoner, " my maator, 
 the CoMtable, would indeed be happy, if 
 your mijeaty would voucbeafa him an inter- 
 fiew.'' " No, no," replied the king, " go 
 and look t»t Unnoyj I ahaU only aur- 
 render my aword to him." 
 
 Lannoy happened to ride by at thia 
 time, and halted on aeeing Pktmperan and 
 hia illnatrioua priaoner s—" Sire, here ia 
 the vieatoy." Lannoy now diamonnted, 
 advanced teapeotfoUy, and ki*eed the 
 prinoe'a hand. " Don Oarloe," aaid Franoia, 
 "hero is the awotd of a king, who de- 
 ■ervt) no little praleet for, before anrten- 
 dwiiif It, he baa aWn many of your men. 
 It la not then cowardice, bnt the ohwioa of 
 
 (a) Bllia.— I. p. 987. MSB. OaJba, B. V. p. 
 107. HaU. 
 
 (b) Tytler. . . , 
 
 (•) Xr tng eineStiokerei an einem Aenael, 
 
 die Uim in guten Tagen ia Frankreioh die 
 Deme die er Uebte gegeban. der er dagwen 
 niobt hatta, unter kauMB Unwiiaden vor dam 
 Mod mtttckiaweieheB.— Raake. 
 yheamw pi«a«it par leqoel te promya 
 Pofait na Italr devant — — — 
 •— Bp. da Rai. 
 
 mx which dellven H into your band.O 
 • Sira," replied Unnoy. lake my aw..rd| 
 it ia not right that a king •hculd rernain 
 diearmed in the preaenoe of a atibject.'rt 
 Franol* h«d acted perfectly right in *i ten- 
 dering hi* •word to Lannoy, for be could 
 not in the enemy'* army have met with a 
 more perfect model of the cbivalric virtuea. 
 The viceroy bail for a moment deapaired 
 of victory. He bad bran obaerved to lift 
 up hi* eye* to heaven, and then, addreeaing 
 himtelf to one of hi* lieutenante, and 
 ■flerwarde to hi* *oldier*, *aid : " We hart 
 no other hope, aave in Ood ; imiuie me »" 
 and, making the aign of the oroaa, be gav« 
 the *pur to hi* ateed. and ruabed into the 
 tbiekeatof theflght.(') 
 
 Surgeon* were then aent for. Francia, 
 extended on a bed of atraw, wm aoon aur. 
 rounded by ofikera and loldiara anxinn* to 
 obtain aome e<>uvenlr of the ben>-king.(>) 
 Two aurgeona arrived, and after examining 
 hia wounda, pronounced them to ba not 
 mortal, the atael of hit brea-tplaU, which 
 waa of exoellent metal, haviug turned of 
 the ball*. While they were wa»bing bia 
 fkce, and removing the dirt from hia helmet, 
 the Marquia of Peacara, Uuaato, de Avaloa, 
 and other noble CaaUlian*, aaaemhled, with 
 deep Borrow depieud on their countenancea, 
 round the captive monaroh'a bed. The 
 Conalabla aoon made bia appearanoa 
 covered with duet, blackened with powder, 
 hi* clothe* torn, making hia way through 
 the crowd, with the edge of hi* aword aiiU 
 
 (*) Leti. 
 
 (f) RlSSlfschlacht bet Pavia, Deuioha 
 Gewhicbte in Zeitalier der "f fc"»»"'"j|.„^ 
 
 ff) Btliche die Ottiiel. die andern Bpont, 
 dav*m lebtacht; ein Joder hat atwaa »om 
 Kftnlg wollen haben-Hertn Oaorgwi von 
 FrUndabeif* rittoil'cher Kreirthaten.-8ee f«r 
 U>e Battte of Pavi*-Ej>H.« du lloy trallwt 
 du aon partement de France et da •a prfaa 
 devant ?Vvi*. Uinglet et Ormbel. Ti^"f. d« 
 Obeidione nrbl* Tlcineuci* -Belener HwUwia 
 HerraOec. b «'•'-•» "«™C«^™'«»£«^, 
 
 berg. — Bucholtx, F«fd"'">* . ^-r" ™T2n 
 HMoiie da* t.moalfc-Can-Ua, Gaicciatdfai 
 P. Oiovio. Du bSu^. •«» • 0«mtt a«j| 
 (Liad) Kin aohJiea neuwea Lied von der 
 koblacht newlich vor Pavia gewshehen : a teua 
 boi:.^tinof George Fritadeberg on thieimppr- 
 
 iuA matter. The f**^*''!:™*^^^ 
 northen poeU who baa vowed atwnal hatted 
 againat the aoutkeia.— SoUaau 
 
 T 
 
ixwu or mniBT nii. 
 
 •■^> 
 
 ■tahMd wiOi Mood whteh Im hftd not had 
 Ubm to wlpo off. FrM«ia, who did aol «t 
 •nl rMognlM th* tnitor, iaqoind who ha 
 «aa. A« Mia naiaa of Oharlaa da Boarbon, 
 Im lookad at hia tword atUI raakinff with 
 tfM hlood of hia aubjaeta, and iUntad in 
 Paaeara** arnaa. Boarbca immediatelj 
 took off hia helmat, wipad hia aword, and 
 kaaalinff ^o'lm, antraalad FraD«ia lo aHow 
 Mm to kiaa hia haod. 
 
 Tha kinir. aurprlaad at hia andaoitr, 
 tamad away hia haad. " Ah. aira," ax- 
 ehimad Bourtm, "if yoa had bat fol- 
 lowad ay advira, 70a woald not hava baan 
 in thia difllcoUy. and thia flald of baMla 
 would not hava baan auinad with FVanch 
 tiUMd." The kinR liftod op hia ay* to 
 baavaa. and nrannurad. " Patianca,thafor- 
 tana of war haa batnyad aM."(*) A horaa 
 waa praparad for Francia, and ha waa takan 
 to Pavia. Whan the oaptive monarch, on 
 •earinff tha Ratea. peroaivad an immanaa 
 crowd aaaambled to witnaea hia entry, ha 
 bsaouKht the general, under whoae eecort 
 he had bean placed, to apare him the ehama 
 of bnnff paraded through the atreeto of a 
 city ne had eo Iook baaieijed, and, accord- 
 isgly, he waa led by a abort but ateep road 
 to tha Carthuaian mooaatery, where the 
 poor brethren did all In their power to offer 
 him thoee conaolationa which religion alone 
 can inepire.(^) 
 
 During the progreke of thia melancholy 
 mrttff. a courier wae aent to Madrid, bear- 
 ing deapatohee haatily drawn up by the 
 ConaUble. "Sire," exclaimed the euToy 
 on meeting Charlea, " Victory I the French 
 army haa been out to pleoee, and Frnneia ia 
 V priaoner." The amparor, atapilad with 
 •aaaaoMnt at thle unexpected and aatound- 
 kw iataUigwoa, gaaad ateadily at tha maa- 
 •aofar for a few aeeonda. Hia blood, aaya 
 the hiatorian. aaemed to bwre mooBtod to 
 hia Amo. geaarally ao pale. " Victory 1" he 
 fv^bad, na one awaking.Aroa a dream, and 
 Wa^tpeaNd, repeating the word " ViiAory I" 
 Hia int act waa to threw himaelf before an 
 taM«a of our Blaaaad Lwly. whara he 
 fmada tA in pnjm for more thanaa bour. 
 vlkh hia bead reclining on hia handa. tlia 
 
 ■'(a)- 'Tamer.— Orora. 
 (k) Tytler. 
 
 people Burrounded the pakca, aitouttaff 
 " Vtotory I" Already were Area lit in the 
 pablic aquaree. lighto burning in tha win- 
 dowe, belle chiming their Joyoua peala, 
 prieate clothed in eurplict*, and the Caa- 
 tiliana ready to celebrate, by their natbnal 
 dance, the happy newa of the capture of 
 Frnncie 1., when, from a aignal given by 
 the emperor, theee Joyoua manifeetatlone 
 were interrupted. Charlae deaired them 
 to act aa he had done,— let all pray. "Now 
 for Jeraealan,** exclaimed h% in a trana- 
 port of warlike Joy, to which hia courtiara 
 replied by the anma cry, " To Janualem I" 
 Ha had no idea of delirering Jeruaalem ;(•) 
 hie object waa to analaTe Italy, Juet aeoapad 
 tmm the yuke of Francia I., and hia motivea 
 ware aeen thruugh by Wolaey. Tha 
 emperor'a moderation waa aoon put to tha 
 trial. 
 
 Ilorone, chanoeUor to tha Duke of 
 Milan, alter the expuleion of the F^eneh, 
 demanded tha inveatitura of Bfuraa in tha 
 duchy I but Charlea at flrat rafuaed hia 
 eoneent, and it wae not until he had been 
 tarneetly entreated by the Pope, that ha 
 aonaanted to grant it, but on aucb condi- 
 tion* that tha duke would be regarded 
 rather aa a aul^aot of the emperor than a 
 Taaaal of the empire.(<) On uniting him- 
 eelf to the alliaa. Lao had atipulated that 
 if the holy league wtra victorioua, Parm^ 
 the patrimony of 8t Peter, and Ferraro, 
 ahould be given op to the Church, ao4 
 Charlea had promieed thie on the foapaU*) 
 On the death of Lao X.. Alphonao, Duha 
 of Fcnara. alraek a medal with tha kgead 
 - Tkt Umk Aa« ftaen dtUmrtd fnm tkt 
 w^," The wolf wae the Pope, the iamb 
 Iha duke, who. daring the vacancy of 
 the Holy Sea, had aeiaed on Reggio and 
 Rubtara. Adrian duiiag hie brief pontilr 
 cats, had aearedy tiaM to prataat mnm 
 thia act of uaorpatien. Now that Italy waa 
 delivered, Clement called on the emperor to 
 expel Alphonao. and the viceroy fanmienlly 
 replied to the Pope, that if HicHoUnaaa 
 fait any aihotion fur Charlae, ha would 
 
 (•) Latter firom the llantaiaa 
 (Snardfaii) to the Maronia of 
 Maiob. laM.— aaanto. 
 
 (') HAbarteon. 
 
 <•) Rehertaon. 
 
 ftif««i«j IMk 
 
 T 
 
1 Ilk* fMlMt, ilMaitac 
 
 •df wOTt AfM Ul in tiM 
 
 |hU buralnc ia Um wi»> 
 
 inff thair JoyoM fmlt, 
 
 ■urplicM, ud Um Cm* 
 
 Itbrate, by Uuir natbnal 
 
 nawa of th« «»ptura of 
 
 fiom » liKnal nivra by 
 
 M jojroua auairaaUUona 
 
 ChiurlM dtiirad them 
 
 ine,— let ail pray. "Now 
 
 nclaimed ha, in a traat- 
 
 ly, to which hie eourtian 
 
 nny. " To JenuaUm I" 
 
 ' daliraring JeruMlam i(«) 
 
 HuUva Italy, juai aaoapad 
 
 ^ranoia I., and hia motivaa 
 
 igh by Wolaey. The 
 
 ition waa aoon put to tha 
 
 Nllor to tha Duke of 
 txpulaioo of tha F^aneh, 
 vastitura of 8funa in tha 
 rlea at lint lafuaad hia 
 ■a not until he had baaa 
 id by tha Popa, that h* 
 nt it, but on aueh eondi* 
 luka would b* reKardad 
 rat of tha araparor than a 
 pin.(') On uniting him> 
 . Lao had atipulatad that 
 a war* victorioua, Pam^ 
 r 8i Pater, and Ferrafa. 
 up to tha Cbwoh, ao4 
 liaad thia on tha gaapal.(4 
 Lao X.. Alphonao, Duka 
 [ a nadai with tha kgand 
 
 ' waa tha Papa, tha iaal» 
 daring the vaeanoy of 
 id aeiaad on Raggio aa4 
 I dufiag Ilia brief pontil' 
 y tiaM to protaat ^gaio^ 
 Irion. Now that Italy waa 
 nt called on the anperor to 
 and tha rieeny ironieally 
 'iipe, that if HiafloUnaaa 
 n for Charlaf, ha aronld 
 
 I tha llantuaa aabaaiadar 
 I Maniaia of MawEaa, lift 
 
 tnate. : 
 
 uri 09 ■■!««( Tin. 
 
 IM 
 
 T 
 
 _L 
 
 aran eonaant to aaerlflca Mudena to the 
 prinea, who would not again torment the 
 Holy 8aa.(*) Huoh waa tha inaalar whom 
 tha Papaoy had given to Italy. Juliui II. 
 bad died of grief, bacauaa ha could not eipal 
 tha French, and Clement had called to hia 
 aid that very PrUndibarg who had recruited 
 hordee of rubhera in tha Black Foreat, and 
 in the hoatelriea of WittemburK. whoaa 
 exploita we ahall ohoitly present to the 
 readar'a notice. 
 
 On Artt hearing of the battle of Pavia 
 Wolaey and Henry imaiiined that heaven 
 had afllieted Pnncia, in order to baatow 
 the tiara on the miniater and a new cfewn 
 on Henry. Both dreamed of forming a 
 freah allianoa againat the poor captive : but 
 thia gigantic project required a oonaidarabla 
 aum of money. An appeal waa oonaequently 
 made to the nation, and the clergy called 
 on to pay I3( par cent. Tliis freah demand 
 waa reaiatad on tha plea that the king'e 
 ordonnanoa waa contrary to their privileges, 
 that tha king oould only levy money by tha 
 authority of Parliament, and tbay would 
 only pay what the aynod had already 
 required of them.(^) The king, in a pro- 
 clamation, protested that he had aaked fur 
 nothiiH(, but would be willing to accept 
 a gratuity. Thia etpedient proved a com- 
 plete failure. Tha eoumiaaionera were told 
 that an act of Parliamert had rendered tha 
 granting of gratnitiea illegal. The dtben* 
 of London would not be seduced by the 
 bland huifuag* amplayed by Wolsey.(«) 
 Perhapa Henry, to intimidata tha naUon, 
 bad thought of taking some liveei but ha 
 renounoad thia harah mcaauia, on hearing 
 that 4,000 own had taken np ama in the 
 county of Sulblk to reaitt tha govamment 
 commiaaionen. The king retreated before 
 thia popular demonatration. It waa not 
 convenient to ba engaged in a oivil war, 
 at tha very moment that he wanted all 
 hia foroea to march to tha oonqueet of 
 Franca. 
 
 Bourbon, whoa* praiac was celebrated in 
 
 (a) CKbarU agU oratori in Spagna. 22 Oct 
 1524.— Saaga. 21 Mo?., Letlere di piincipi. 
 
 (k) Lingwd. 
 
 (•) Hail thna i^aakB «f tha daaouia raiaad 
 agaiMt Wolaey. " Tha poor oniaad ; tha rich 
 repugned ; tha lUht wiM railed, and in mm- 
 Aiaaian, all paoAa eanad the oaidiaal. aa a 
 nbvairter of tha lawa and libet^ of Bagtand." 
 
 every htnguage. living and dead.(') felt no 
 emotion on acaing hia liege aovereign a 
 prisr aer. Aftar the victory of Pavia, Sir 
 John Rusacll viaiteri tha prince, to congrar 
 tulaie him, and at the same time to remind 
 him of his obligations to England. Bourbon 
 had not forgotten thsm. In speaking to 
 Pace of "llie good fortune and victory it 
 bad pleased our Lord to vouchsafe him 
 over his anemira," ba adds i " you and yuor 
 good council may well uaderetaad what ia 
 our opinion of inattara, reapacting which I 
 have had a long convcraation with Sir John 
 Ruaaell, who I feci carUin will detail to 
 you at length every thing thatoeeut-rad."(*) 
 But the Conatable laid down certain condU 
 tiona in addition to hia flrat treaty. Ha 
 aaked no Iraa than 300,000 crowna to march 
 on Paria, through Dauphiny, Savoy, and 
 Burgundy I adding, that he depended oa 
 an active co-operation from England to 
 aecond tha Spaniarda by penetrating intw 
 Picardy. Without artillery, deeiaiva aueoae* 
 waa out of the queation; therefon ha 
 begged tha king to aend him a park tt 
 artillery immediately.(') 
 
 While the English agenta wen urgiaf 
 Bourbon to advance, Henry had diapatehad 
 an ambaaay to Margaret of FlandaM,(#) 
 with instruetiona to congratulate bar •■ 
 tha defaat of the enemy ti th* Uooaa ol 
 Burgundy ( to frighten her on tfa* daagafe 
 of FUndera while auoh a ilrabraMd> a* 
 Franeia waa abl* to piteh a tant in Ohiiat*»« 
 domt and to baaaeieh bar not to nband^* 
 her Ihithfnl aUy England, at ao critkil 
 a moment, aa her elaima on Nomandf, 
 Oaaeony, Quianne, and Ai^ou, wen iaeonb 
 teatabla. But Engkuid waa about t* 
 receive her flrat oL'tck at Margarat'a 
 court; aha raerivad Henry** congmtidation* 
 very cooUy, and hia ooanaela with stiH 
 greater indiflbrenoe: Tha time for aoandinfr 
 
 C) Tha Bpaniarda eompoaed the follewint 
 veraea on tha Conatable :-~ 
 
 Cellai callal Julia Cvw, Hannibal^ 
 Scipiol 
 
 Vira la fam<4a Bourbon. 
 
 (•) Brit Mna. MSS. Cott,^telL,B. VIIL 
 p. 7«. 
 
 (I) RaaseU'a latter, llth March. 162&.— 
 MSB. Vitt., lb. p. 77. _ _ ' 
 
 (t) Instmatianif u Fitawllliam and Winf- 
 .field, Aoll. 1525.— Bif* Mag., Galba, B. Till, 
 pp. 143.144. 
 
180 
 
 ura or wiMBv ▼!"• 
 
 CharUs had •!•<> •rrivtd. By»lHo«oflh« , 
 UMly of BrugM, b« wm •ummoiwd lo 
 Inrad* GuUrnnt. and io march on Ptrii- 
 But to ihii pro|)0«itioo, whkh tin wnbM- 
 wdor comrounioawd in • ton« of ntni 
 Aanlrar, »h« •mper<.r replWd tli«t h» ha.l 
 ■o monty w carry oa a waf in th« heart of 
 Pranoa. ComplalnU war* than made lo 
 Charlaa of »ha liberty anjoyad at Milan by 
 Ptanoia. who waa in tha habil of hourly 
 McaiviDR and landinK dUpatehat i and who, 
 ihouRh a capti»e. yet truly raignad among 
 th« Spaniard* •.(•) but Charlaa, like a noble- 
 nindad eiivawign, rcfuaod to a«Kravatf iha 
 prieonw** poaition, by ordarinR him to j 
 otoaar conAnamant. 
 
 Franria wa* right when ha aaid to the 
 ConitabU : " Patience, foHuna will not 
 alwayu peraeouto me thue." When the 
 king eat down to dinner at the Carthutian 
 Monaatary at Pavia, Lannoy prrcented him 
 wHh tbe ewer, the Marquie of Ooailo with 
 Iba baaon, and tha Conetabla with the 
 Mtpkin, aa if he had been at the Loutrre.(i>) 
 iU Piaaightone, a fortreae where he waa 
 Impriaiinad for a ehort time, when ha 
 mtntad money, ho found tha eourtiera 
 aanar to lend him their pureea(*) At 
 If ikn, tha Popa, tha republic of Venice, 
 nd Bforwi ■aoreay propoaed to form a 
 ft laaffoa with him againat tha emperor .(<) 
 At n Inter pwiod. Charlea. at Madnd, offered 
 kin hla liberty, prmridad ha would accept 
 tha hand of hie aiatar Leonora. Queen 
 Downgar of Portugal. Quaan CUuda bdnp 
 dead I guarantra Normandy, Gaaeony. and 
 Otiienaa to Henry, and Provenoa to tha 
 Duka of Bouibont but Franeie reftoaed 
 •vm to antartain auch a propoaition.(*) 
 
 (a) I aaeareTonrKraee the French king haih 
 laomaeh hie liberty t for that eo meny mee- 
 I be euffeNd lo come and go between bim 
 
 Ukdhia mother, by reaeon hereof be ie ucn- 
 tained of all their doin«e in France, and giTetb 
 Ua advice aa well aa thonah ha ware preeent. 
 —MBS- Vil. B. VII.. p. 119. 
 
 m B. Bath'e letUi.-MS8. Vit.. p. 136. 
 BaBdoTal. 
 (•) Mando«al. „ 
 
 U) Capttula fcedaria taler Komanum Pon- 
 (JUkum ClemeBtum VII.. Begem t}«ll««.« 
 ducem Sfortiem adterewe C-rclem V.-Hiet. 
 Herm Oeorgen FtOndt)«rg. Ziegter, Hiak 
 Olem. VII. Aa. Bhelheni, Aman. ^ . ^ ., 
 (•). Bnmea'a LtiMr ftva Milan, Vtk Apiik 
 MM. Vltdl.. B. VII., p. IW. 
 
 Anarchy had taken poeaaaeion. after the 
 battle of Pa»i», of the eouniele ol the 
 allied Boverelgne who had united egeinet 
 Franoei and all were eager to retract 
 their word.. Henry wikhheld hia euh- 
 eiilicei Margaritt wlehed to be at P.-acei 
 Bourbon wanud money befoie he could 
 pMi the Al|>ej Cherlee V. only thought of 
 enriching himerif at the eipenee of hia 
 alliea. Complainta and recriminationawera 
 heard on all eidee. Tlie (k>nitable inquired 
 who that myeterioue monk wa* whom 
 Louita ha<l aent to London to plot with 
 Wolaey. The canlmal wa* annoyed at 
 not receiving any letUm from Charlee^r) 
 Henry accueed tha 8pin\ard* of oulpabla 
 inactivity. WoUey mu»t indeed have been 
 greatly eiaaperated, or he would not liava 
 uiied euoh gro** language while epeaking 
 of hi* maater'a alliee. "The emperor," 
 eaid hr. " i* a liari hi* aunt Margaret a 
 wanton i hi* brother, Ferdinand. Arohduka 
 of Auetria. a child i hi* lieuMnant. Bour- 
 bon, a traltor."(«) Charlaa complained of 
 ihia language in a public audience ha 
 i had with Sir Richard Wingflald and Dr. 
 Sampeon, who endeavoured, with great 
 timidity, aa if aehamed of their taak, to 
 a|iologiaa for tha miniatar. "No, no." 
 raiilied tha emperor. " the cardinal ia ex- 
 ceedingly paaaionate i he haa ueed, I know, 
 thia language, and I will tell you whan. 
 It wae on tha occaaion of my elaiming tha 
 promiaad aubtidea," whan ha replied, "that 
 hia majaaty had aometbing elea to do 
 with hia money than to gira it to each 
 erMturea."C>) 
 
 (() Not a eiitgle letter tnm Charha V. to 
 Wol*ey ia to be fuund in the British Museum, 
 written in A.D. 16.15. From tbe battle of 
 Pavia till the aOth November, IftSft, the em- 
 peror only wrote one letter to the eardfaial. 
 (I) hU ni^eetyaald alao, thatyeni grace 
 I bad named him to be a lyar. obaerviBc no 
 manner of faith or promise ; that mv Lady 
 1 Margaret was a libawde; Don Ferdbiando, 
 I hi* brother, a obild, and eo governed i and the 
 I Duke of Bourbon a traitor.— M8H. Cott. 
 
 Veep..O. II1..P U. 
 I (b) Then he evid that your grace anawerrd, 
 that the king'a I ' ' nneee batk other things to do 
 with hi* money, 'ban to spend it for the plea- 
 •uree «.f nucb fLor peraonagee. eapreaiing the 
 aforaeaid word*.— MB8.. ib., p. 15. An ill- 
 nnderalood allefery hM made many doubt of 
 the virtue of Matgaiet of Anstria, whom wa 
 must not eenfomid with Margaret of Burgundy, 
 whediadiaUOS. Bha had gnmtadaa annuity 
 
 T 
 
 1 
 
m pMMMion. afttr th« 
 if th« couhmU ot Iha 
 rho had unkud •Ralnit 
 wert ••«•' to reiraot 
 nrjr wikhhtid hit •ul>- 
 rkihed to b« at P<-ar«t 
 money bufoia ha could 
 irlaa V. onljr ihouKht of 
 at Iha aip«nM uf hia 
 and recriininationawara 
 Ttia (^onitabla inqiiirad 
 ■ioiia monk waa whom 
 ;i) London to plot with 
 ir«linal waa annoyed at 
 IttUra from Charlea^r) 
 a 8paD\ard« of oulpabUi 
 t muat it^dtad liava baen 
 d, or ha would not liava 
 angua^a arhda ap«akin( 
 Jiica. "Tha am pern," 
 ari hia aunt Marifaret a 
 ar, Ferdinand, \rcliduka 
 1 1 hia Uauunant. B'iur« 
 I Charlaa oomplainad of 
 a publio audienca ha 
 hard Winnflald and Dr. 
 ndeavourad, with great 
 hamad of thair taak, to 
 I miniatar. "No, no." 
 or, " tha cardinal ia ax- 
 ate i he haa uaad, I know, 
 id I will tell you whan, 
 aaioa of nay claiming tha 
 a," whan he replied, "that 
 1 aonething elaa to do 
 than to gire it to each 
 
 a letter ttmn Charica V. to 
 tund in tha Britiah lluaaun. 
 
 Ib'Jft. Prom the battle of 
 li November, IMS, theem> 
 MM IcUer to the eardiaal. 
 ly aidd alao, that yeni graee 
 to be a lyar, obearriaa no 
 or promlae; that nj Lady 
 
 libawde; Don Fcrdinando, 
 Id, and 80 governed ; and the 
 ion a traitor.— M(t». Cott. 
 
 'id that your grace anawerrd, 
 > lueea bath oilier Ihinga to do 
 <han to apend it for the plea- 
 a peraonagea. eapreaiing the 
 —1188.. ib.. p. IS. An ill- 
 )ory hna made many doubt of 
 atgaiet of Anatria, whom we 
 Id with Margaret of Burgundy, 
 k Bkehadgraatad«BaMuity 
 
 Lirg or UBnui viiit 
 
 ttl 
 
 T 
 
 Woleey only waited for a fbvoumble 
 opiMftunity to quarrel with Charlea, and 
 with thi* the emperor aoon fumiahad him. 
 Br tha treaty c:f Windaor, on the 9let of 
 June, 1611, Ciiarleahad promiaed to marry 
 the Princeaa Mary of England i but ahe 
 waa two young. Tlie emperor waa now 
 twenty aix, and hia aubjecta, apprvhenaiva 
 that hia death iiiiglit leave Hpain withuut 
 
 to Jean La Mftire de Rnliree, who in I&09 
 ealifd hiinieir " a niiuaniJiary hiiiurliiiiriiiihfr 
 of ihe Lord ArrliduKe and lliv I'rlncaH." 
 La Mitire ad.irewod Mirnral |ii«cea of poeiry lo 
 kit benufartreM. and amoiiic lUem are two 
 ooiiched in eeiiiimeiiu breailtiiiK a liiRtier paa* 
 al»n iliAii (liat of (raiiiudo. The pool tiiua 
 apeak* to Mare.iret : 
 
 " Vuui MTi'i bienqiie leadieiis <|mI (one voyent 
 Tel bten moi.daiii, tel beur doiiii< n'avoienl 
 Que de pliw Rraiid nejuuiu uncquee 4mfi. 
 Voiie cognoliaei que pour maiireMe et dame 
 J'avula aoqula par deaeu* mc* m^rliee 
 La fieur dee fleura, la choia dea Marguaritae. . 
 Blen pt-ua'en faut que celui as maudta 
 Qua me donna et grace et melodia, 
 Et trup m'aprlt et dictien et ohanaont 
 Uunt auiraafoia lu almola lea doiia aona. . 
 Tu me baiaoia et diaoi* moii ami, 
 8i cnidoia-je etre un dieu plua q'a deml, 
 Bt I qui diral-Je autrea granda privaulia. 
 V •• • • • a 
 
 Thia pf « waa aignad /> M^lr* it Btlf par 
 (torn mm.- I vtrl. Ibe epitaph written by the 
 poet hiinaelf waa couched In a aiinilar alrain : 
 Sou* ce tombel oher et facheus conclave 
 Oit I'amaut vert nubia at ttdello eaolava 
 Dont le haut cmur da pur amour pur ivra 
 N'e peut aoffirir perdre aa famma et vivre. 
 Three epiailea appeared in I& 10. Who waa 
 thia green loirer t- tlie poet, aa moat of tha 
 critioa who have examined the worka of Le 
 Maira believe. But in the middle of the 
 XVIII. century, an anonymoua latter waa 
 addreaaed to the Abb4 Oouget alleging that the 
 pretended Jimtmt y*rt waa ne other tkaa a green 
 parroqiiet, an exoeealTaly rare bird ia Franca 
 and the Netherianda, at tha oommenoement of 
 the XVI. century. The Abb« Oouget waa con- 
 vinced of hia miatake, and decided that tha 
 AmmU F0rt waa a bird, a native of Ethiopia, 
 which had been given to the Archduke Sigia- 
 mnad of Anatria, unole of Maxbnilian, who 
 had ureeentedit to Mary of Burgundy, the wife 
 of hit nephew. On her death the paivot came 
 into the poaaeaaion «f her daught^, who ke:»t 
 it for a icog liaM aa i pot bird. On Margare'i'a 
 leaving for Oermany it ia auppoaed that the 
 fiivourtle pined away from grtef at loeivg hia 
 aaktreaa. What ia excoedingiy ourioua ir^ that 
 the Abb4 Balier hi an article on the tih and 
 I worka of Jean Le Maiie de Beiget; iwierted ia 
 I the XIIL volume of the " Mtaioiiea de I'Aca 
 de 
 
 tae Aiii. volume ei tM * aemoirea oe i Aca- 
 demic det Intoriptiona et Betlaa-letiree," fbela 
 w> heailatian ia aecMiaf Ike jeot of having 
 »iitertai»ed tentiwwMi eC lo«» Jbrtke yi a atat 
 
 an heir, urged him to marry i •• tkil 
 Cbarlee found himael# eoaspelled to kt§ 
 the King of England lo f^ee him from bM 
 engagement with bm daughur. Thia vao 
 oarlainly one of the moet cruel blow* 
 Hanry had yet reoekved. and he at Irai 
 Ecfuaad hia conaenti but on the flth of 
 July, he aigned a oommiHlon annulliBK 
 tha matrimonial elauae of the treaty of 
 Windaor.(*) 
 
 We can perceive the n ^ poaition ia 
 which the battle of Pavia had plaoed 
 CItarlea, who now fell no fear in ealUag 
 Wolaey a paaaionata man, when before ha 
 waa wont to atyla him hia father and 
 friend. The friendahip between Henry 
 and Charlea waa aevered. llie change "i 
 the Engliah policy at thia period waa aot 
 the dictate of generotu compaaaion for tha 
 captive monarch, but a dread that tha 
 emperor, having became too powerful, 
 might poaaibly aapire to univeraal dominian. 
 Hanry and hia roiniaUr wiahed to be recoa> 
 eiled with tha oonqoored prinoe through 
 motirea of intereat. 
 
 The Interriewa with the monk. Margarat'i 
 aecret agent, became more frequent. The 
 intereat felt by the court for the royal 
 priaonar waa no longer concealed at Green* 
 wich. Henry offered hlraaelf aa a mediator 
 between Charlee V. and the King of 
 France. He would buret the captiva'a 
 ehaina aaunder without hia loaing any 
 portion of hia dominiona. The emperor 
 wanted money, and the King of England 
 would bargain for the priea of hia raaaom. 
 Charlea waa accordingly inforoad of 
 the arrangement while on a viait to Henry 
 at Oraenwieh. and negotiationa ware oom- 
 menced between the Engliah eabinal aad 
 Louiae. who entered into tha matter, aa 
 Woleey had imagined ahe would, witli aU 
 the ardour of a fend and doting molhar, 
 promiaiag all that waa aakad of her. 
 
 On the let of September, IMS, a barald- 
 at-arma annonoced that pcaee had bem 
 concluded between the high and pniaaaat 
 Kittga of Franco and Bogla«d.00 By ^- 
 tiaaly td tha aoth of Angoat, aigaid at 
 Moot* Caatla. Franca oonM&ta<|' to pay 
 
 (a) M8S> Teep.. C. IH-, ^ 91. 
 
 K f 
 
ttn At naiav vifi. 
 
 Umuf t.QCKKOOO newM. «t •!« noeUu' 
 tawHJ— irti ol ftO.000 cfowM I— lu irwil 
 Urn, «ltw Ui« pariBMi ol tkia 4«(>t. ta 
 Mvuitjr of 100,000 «rowM for \k» Iwn 
 «| hlfl iMrtnrnl W«i— «o tuiur* to Mwy. 
 DMhoM of 8a»>lk. lUtM of Htnry aiid 
 Dowi^iw QuMQ of FrMie*. the •njnynMni 
 •( Imt 4o«ry for Um futurt, uid to dkH-hArg* 
 Iho BrfMrt in hatf-jMrly InatiaaMwU of 
 »,000 orowTi* j-~*o l»y ^ cawHnal in iha 
 «jMiw of «•««■ yMM, ud M iteMd (MTiodi, 
 M,000 eiowM, M • eonfMBMtiuB for th« 
 •Mof TowMy, Mid 100,000 erowM iMtidtn. 
 M • iMrk of (T^ikudo ibff th* Mrvieoa 
 wWdi ha h»d rtndar*il to iha royal 
 fuailf .(*) Bkallon no loim«r roiMtliii thai 
 tiM " butchM^a Mtt" withod to b««r«7 bit 
 «0«atry. In truth, his objMl wm to itiln 
 riOTon. ■iBM b« eould not diaaMmbtt h«r. 
 BoglMd. mm wont to dt«oiv« htr alliM. 
 look OTory na cw — ry prootution affMoat 
 Ulag hvMll dMMVtd. NtT«r wm tluirt • 
 
 (•) MM. Onl.. U. IX., pp. 67, 7lt. 
 
 •t whteh prinoM RMirt nlHM«d tk* 
 koty ||<>«pol« than •» ll»a •V>*'^ •♦»'«'» *• 
 an now doocMking. It waa on th* inapirrd 
 volnoia that franw moat lay h«r hand 
 wkm awtarinR to gunrd th« traaty aha 
 kn«( Juat ma'ia. Ma^garM awora that ■la 
 would mawiMn tli* fsnvaatioss >!uT!nf 
 rran«t«'a captivity. Pmnaia awora. tl 
 Madrid, to fklfll all ita elauaaa. PsHa. 
 Lyona, Bordaaui, Toulouaa, Rhaima. awora 
 in tl air lum to obaar»a it, undar pain 'f 
 Iha ronflaeation of thalr doroaina, to malia 
 Francia obaanra it aa fhr aa Ihay could, and 
 for aeeuoipiiahniant of that purpoaa. to adopt 
 arary manna in their |)owtri») But at tha 
 aama momant. tha Proouraur and tha Avi»ca» 
 QiaioA of tha Parliamant of Paria. antarad 
 a protaat on a privnta r«Riat«r aflainat thn 
 treaty t ao that Pran«ia, onca at liberty, 
 might uia thia protaat rafuaa to fulfil ha 
 an(pigamanta.(«) 
 
 Tha Ratifloatlon ia datad '17 Doc-, 1M&. 
 Ungnrd. 
 
 Iti 
 
 CHAPTER XVI. 
 
 AMMB BOLIYM IktS^T. 
 
 M MdfcmOyof AnnaBclayn^-Har ahUdhood.-Maatad at Maid o*^»^ *" *^^^ 
 5LrlSrJf H«?VIIl?whan aha want to Pranaa.-Ann. in th. aarf^ 'l «T° "l^:; 
 fS^iSmBU^V^^ of Atonc«n.-Har oharaatar.-Sha rttomt I* Bn«land.-H.r InwntJim of 
 !!lIta7«rTSwrpW^ Wto «•» «•»• '•»* •>•'• •»•» "'««««*aatka daalgn of aapan^ 
 
 '•'TSSSTrf^ImS^^ ra«o..a.-U. tmfarta kia aanplaa to Wolaay. 
 
 (ha Miniattf .— X«th4llB0 of Arragon. 
 
 -~Tha aonikMt «f ( 
 
 Tbb rmdar, doubtkaa, neolloeta Anna 
 BolcyB. who, hf aioyal whi», aeooapnaM 
 4m Pl^actM Mw7. akiltr of Hwny Vllln 
 Id Tnmt la IftU. aa oim of hw anida of 
 iMnsar, whui aba laft BapUad to tautf 
 Loida XII. It wna In oiM of tboaa ftta of 
 wprka, to whloh ba wm moal aal^aot, Utat 
 H«Bi7 HcrUtetd tte h^^pteaM of aiMar 
 «(aistaM^ «1m «« WmIT in Vn* «Uk 
 
 Braadoa. I>ake of Snfolk, uid ooa of tha 
 haadaoneat eourtiara of Ma day i howarar, 
 tha Mutual love ti tha yo«lbflt! eonpla bad 
 no aflkot on tha monarcb. who, by giving 
 Ma'y'a hMdto Lmiio XII., hni avangad 
 hioaaali o« refdUMid af AnMfMi. who had 
 pnannM to aator ipiti) a tMtlf wUk Franoa 
 wUhoot tnk eoaattleioff him, Wm »»• 
 ia thn n««f h«| IrtMhar. • 
 
 sftr- 
 
 r 
 
MM MOT* tblMMd (Im 
 
 (h« aiMKih whteh w« 
 
 llwMonlh* in«pir*<l 
 
 mait Uf h«r hand 
 
 [tuird III* IrMtjr 1^ 
 
 *^K*r«( ■w«n thai alt* 
 
 I convaati»:« iluriaf 
 
 Pi«n«l« twoM, M 
 
 I lu cUuMa. HftHa, 
 
 alouM, Rhciina, awor* 
 
 •rv* it, untUr |Min >f 
 
 )i«lr donuuM, to mah* 
 
 Air M thty coidd. Mid 
 
 r thai purpoM. tu atiapt 
 
 l>owtr,it>) But •! Ih« 
 
 Doureur aiid tha Avncat 
 
 oMDl of Paria, aniartd 
 
 w rfgiatar a«ainat the 
 
 tiioia, once at li^Mrrkf, 
 
 •I rafiuw to fulfli his 
 
 a ii lUtwl '17 Doc-, WU. 
 
 of Bonoar to mMomftaj 
 I MTfiM of QtiMn Claud*, 
 liiflaM.— H«r inuntion of 
 raatk* daalffn of MparaUBf 
 iria UaMnffiM to Wolaaj. 
 
 SntfUk, and on* of th« 
 n of Ma day t howcvar, 
 tha fiMttvl eonpla had 
 Muarcb. who, by gtviag 
 iMia XII., hid avasRwl 
 »A^imtii»,^iA» had 
 
 ilrt<> «tNitywUli rnnoa 
 
 Un f «MfM Vitl. 
 
 m 
 
 f 
 
 pladffa o/ rMOMffiatton «tth • rhnl powrr, 
 and. at it w«ra, • ri>«ll«nna to Um oraHy 
 polioy of Far.linand (*) 
 
 Tha family of ^Meyo, Bullan, or Houlan, 
 M it la aptUMl *lth«r way, wm of f M««h 
 oriuin/*) Oaofrajr Bokyo had iaarria.1 tha 
 datjghiar of LorU d« !i«» and Hafii.-s*, 
 aad »aa. in 1414, tha hmd of r crmpaay 
 of imrehanu, and, dttriB« tb« wa* of iha 
 Two Hoaaa, ahcnff of tha eity. Hia (oo- 
 raica and huDMly, " for ha *'i«ldad tha 
 aw<4rd aa arell aa tha maroara yard,"(«) 
 obtainad for him, in NAT. tha dignity of 
 Lord May«>r. Uaofhay anwaaad graat 
 wtalth in eommarca. and gava £1(100 at hia 
 dcaib to tha poor of »h«i city of London.(<>) 
 Ha laft two beautiil'ul cna.-^ora to hia hair*, 
 BlioliliaC Hall, in rorAilk. which he had 
 bought of 8lr John Faaiolf. and Hnver 
 C4Mtla, In Kent, which tha (;ubliain* had 
 •old him. Ilia eun, William BoUyn, ra- 
 tircit from baunaaa and frequented tha 
 oi>urt, and, tbanka to hia good forta"c, waa 
 made Knight «if the BaiH at lite roronatiun 
 of Riohard Hl.(') Thomaa, aon of Sir 
 William Bolcyn. and father of Anne, 
 dittinguiahed hknaalf in tha lime of 
 Henry Vli. in the axpaditioB again*! tha 
 ineurganu of Cornwall. Ha had married 
 Eliaabath Howard, daughter of the Karl of 
 Sumy, O (afterwarde created 0«ka of 
 Norfolk,) than governor of Norwich 
 ClMto,(f} Created knight at tha eona- 
 meneeoaent of Henry** reign, and ahortly 
 afterwarde nomioatad ambamdor to France, 
 Mr Thomaa Bolayn never ccaaad to ha a 
 favowrita. The people, who are alway* 
 inoUnad to account for what th«)f cannot 
 nndarataod, believed that Sir Tliomaa waa 
 indablad far tbc attaatkni uf hia eovereigu 
 to tba InlliwMa of Lady Bolayn, and 
 aearcaly bad tba (;mva doaed over tba 
 ramaina cf om wbu bad been tba b«lb of 
 
 (•) Bee Chapter V. 
 
 (k) A deed >t r«4«, menUone a Balgneur 
 Vaatlar Boulea, who waa a vaa««i ef Rau<<oiii, 
 Daka of Avemee near Peronna. Dreux da 
 Badier, Mem. hist, at crit. et anecdoL dee 
 relnaa at regwile* de Fraoee. t V. 919. 
 
 (*) Ha not lufreqaently exchanged the 
 aeroer'a yard for the awtndv^-Salckiand, 
 IV. l&L 
 
 (*) 8Mad<->raWM'sClmBifli» 
 . (•> Tuner. .;.,;jr*:«;v— ■ 
 
 (f) Tonar. 
 
 (I) Dngdala'B BaroMi*. 
 
 all dM cmH bdk.(^) thM it WM bntilad 
 abf r«i thM Anna wh tha froit of an adoB^ 
 roue ronneiion b*«w*«a the iSarl ot Horray't 
 daughter and Henry, tnnoa of Walea4') 
 
 (h) Th* Lady Bol*yn waa on* of the '•'•■• 
 inf tw-uti*! at !h« f->«?l ef Ra'hs'i'- •» 
 A»«fu«. wi"^ «"«* • l»»dint part ta ftH »ha 
 na*k* and roy»l ff*»»y """"h nw«hM *a 
 •mlUiig coniiii*nc*i«»»iil»f th* lalgn ol tlMiy. 
 -Mi»»Mlrliki«i»d, IV. 151. ^ . ,.. 
 
 (i) Haiid«i< waa ih« «r«i In hi* " D* Sehla- 
 BwU Aufliwii*," (pwblutlmd to IW5.) to 
 dvolam that Ann* Bolcvn wa* tJi« naluial 
 d«ii||ht*r «f M«Bry v!il. B*u.t«ra eaya 
 ih«l bo *d»»nc<!» thU tkcl oo the aatkotlty 
 <>f lUsUl. ih* aiiUwir of a Uf* of Wr Thomaa 
 Mur*, which ha* n*»*r h*«« ptiWIahed.— 
 (I.a Orand llUtolf* du Di»i>f<>* d* lUnry 
 VI 11.) Bmnilfni* h** b«m rcftiled In th* 
 AnilHandi-nu. pt«nt*«l %t t^ambrtdj* la lB9i. 
 Uuniat Ui hi* " Hl*lory »( th* i**fo»w*lw«. 
 only r*|Mi«U Ih* arguinjinw •roidifed hy tha 
 wriiar ct lb* AnU-Hwrtlerui. " Mentj waa 
 P5,ly fourteen, {h*in« bom oo l«th June* 
 1481,) at the birth "f Aai'e BoIbtb s now I* 
 U highly ioiDrobahle .i*l a buy of that «ga 
 would have corrupted th* wife of ano/iher 
 man, wlipn hie brother, although two veaia 
 older than hImaeU, waa a«em*d ta«»jjahU e# 
 coneii>ninM(i9( hi* own niorriaga." The phy- 
 (iolucuil srsumeni and ooncluelon thence 
 arrived «t. from Uie richly oMiaUtutUm of 
 I'rinc* Arthur, eeem* to tie ot v«ry Hiila 
 eoniequeace. If Aana, aa M«e hfcleriaiia 
 b«.llii«e. waa bom in 1607, the Prince of Walaa 
 would have been eiateen, and not fourteen at 
 the lime of her birth. Henry"* age Ui even 
 now th« moet powerfy»l reatou adduced to 
 prove that no oonnetlun could have poHlbly 
 eaUtrd betwew • woman of thirty and • 
 child of uxieen. " Henry VUI," eaja Mia* 
 Agnee Bulckland, " waa a boy wader the can 
 of hi* Uitor at Ihe period of Ann*'* •»»»»» 
 even If lh*t event look place in the yaai iUft, 
 the date given by Camdea." Thoaa who wrota 
 hi the rekn of Bliaabath, daughter *f Amm 
 Bolayn. well ondeealaod the aaaeaaUy vt datoa 
 In a aueetien of each in^aetaMe, aa LmA 
 Herbert eaya 'hat Anna waa beta m. IMIL 
 M. L*ly-ToUeB4al (" BiopapUa Unifajf- 
 Mtla,") >< of opinion that eha waa bcm hi 
 UW ot iM)0, beeanaa U la piaaad tha Aaaa 
 Bolayn waa one of tha maida d hmmnc thai 
 a^companiad Marv of Bnglaad Into F"«f«,»« 
 1614, wwi i» highly Improbahla (JtalaaUM 
 of aavea years of age would have hem, a»» 
 pointod maiU of honour to a quecu about w 
 eaubliah heraelf in a foreign country. M. 
 Crapelet, in hia " NoMce ear Axir* B*l«iy«/ 
 thua replleaio Laly-ToUaadal : " WhatmAea 
 itM^ypRAabU that Abm Boleyit waa bnt 
 aaaen yeaia of age wh*« she aocomMaied 
 Qna*it li**7 <« Fra»«a>i, that the Khu of 
 Indand a^nt hto m««> nadat tiaa oara «^t4M 
 Dukeof NoifbUcgrandfathar to AmMBetoy% 
 and that her fiitbarBfeThoaMaBo)qpi^(vb*M 
 
Ufi nr iii«*T vitt. 
 
 AaWt mthf ymn *••♦ "^m* •« WWIi- 
 bttf wUk h«r moUitr. hm . 'Ur MMf. h«r 
 brMlMT <»*irt«. tna Mir ThoinM Wjr«U, 
 |li« aMUnaltoIx fioal. who, ihauffh h« wm 
 !•« wry founii. •••m#4 »l»«i»lr tn«rn«ur«d 
 vMi Ik* tlaoM*! U vhoM ikimkmi aninM* 
 ■Mult 1m ahMtd.i*) Mom than on«« had 
 llMy |it«f«<l lag««h*r under iboM lovrljr 
 •aJlt. tiM unwuivNi at HltoklinK. •»<{ wHich 
 «W« •* thai Uma about 'i(X) or 3K>() yaara 
 •M^) Amm. m hat authar'a daalh, is 
 UH,<^ fMawrad lo lla»»r Caatla. whara 
 «Im ImwI, aa bar goramcaa. a lady of iha 
 •MM af SlmoBalU, who taught har rauale, 
 aMiiif, ambroidary. and Enfflkah and 
 PrwMk.C) Hha corraaimndad wUh bar 
 Mfcar ta both lancuagra, and aha indiud 
 41m fsUowiag aptotic to Mir Ilioroaa Holayn, 
 Ml hMriitR 0* bar appMiitaani aa Maid of 
 Honour lo Quaon Mary i— 
 
 " M««i«i'., ja antandua par Tta lattrt qua 
 • «w anry <|ua tau)'>ura...onnclta faira 
 ^|«m Ja vindra a la oourta at ma vrrtiaaaa 
 fM k rana prandra la paina da viaaar « 
 vaaa aoy da quoy ma ragoy bian fort da 
 piamt parlar a vaca ung paraonna lanta 
 ii^ at oanatta eala ma hm a voyr plua 
 gnuMa a«Ty da eoatiiiii?; a parlar bana 
 »Miai>ti at aiiaai aa pal aapac4ala bmb potir 
 aya qoa maUaraa taitt raeommanda at da ma. 
 I a varaly qua laa gardara la maui 
 
 MB OaaMM WM aliaady om» of tlw royal 
 aagHi) Mlawad har u ambaaaador to franca. 
 ftto aMtaarar worthy of notkia, that iha 
 ■aniaga of Havy VIII. with Anna B«d«ya 
 aaaawrt in IbM. and that by plaeiaa har Mrih 
 la laUO, Aa wowld hara eompiatad Imt thiny 
 leaad yaar, aM oaa wa poaaibly baliara that 
 
 HMry Vlll., (a maa of aaeh atr<Mg paaaiona,) 
 wha waa yaiaalf iorty. woald hava Mian ia 
 lOTt witk a woaMMM thirty-twoF"~(Kotiea 
 HMatiava. ) Miaa Strteklaad ia of a ditaraat 
 aalatai to aitlMt Oaaadan, Sir Gaatga TwyadM, 
 oill. OiapaWt BhaMya that Ahm waa bora 
 la IMO ar IBOI, balng at a loaa to nadarataad 
 haw a ahild of aaran, who woald hanalf ba bi 
 waat af a aaiaa, ooald hara baan a said of 
 kaaaar to Ma^. Tha moat ooavlncuig arga- 
 ■Mmt la ow hanbia opinion agaiaat Sandar'a 
 ■rnaMllim of iaoaat ia tha ailanca of Kaginald 
 Fata. 
 
 (a) Ukm Itricklaad. IV., l&S. 
 
 h) Mtaa tiriekland, ib. 
 
 (a> Hawaid'a Mamorial, by Mr. Howard, 
 af OlNky. Lady Bolayn waa Inuriad in tha 
 ahwekof Laamth, bat tha ohapal whara bar 
 umiltia wan iatanad wm daatioyad l» tha 
 Itoratailiaa of IMO. _ 
 . («) Ilka Uiiaklaad, IV.. 1M« 
 
 qua )a powra mouaa*. Ja rona aaplya daa- 
 (uaaar ay ma lattra n mala *aert|ita car )a 
 row* aMura qua la at attograM da Ht<>a 
 attandamant tula la ou laa aultraa aa aant 
 laita t|U« »»a-i|it da ma laam at Htmmunat 
 OM dit la lattra, mala daroaura afan Ja at If 
 mny mama da jiatir qua iun na aar«« **«••« 
 qua )a ro«a manda tt Ja aoua pry qua b 
 liMiiiiira da rotra »»a nat liliarlU da aaparra 
 la wullonta qu diiaa avaa da roa fd#ra *a» 
 hilo ma aambta qnattaa aacura on. . la ou 
 yooa povaa ay »o»« plat ma »ara dfoUra- 
 aion da rra parnila »t ila moy aouaa Mrtana 
 qua miara aaoffi- • da paraa tia diniiratituda 
 qit aul an paaaar na tt faaarit mon avacaum 
 quaata u^ Itbara da rlrra attUnU aainia qua 
 riMia idara ma commandar at roua prommaa 
 qua man amour at fondua |iar ung al grant 
 forinatia qua la nara Jam** pourra da aana 
 mrtti.i racommanda hina humhiamantra a 
 diminuar at faraa fla a mon pourpoa a pra 
 Tia boni^a graca at aeripu a Vrvn da. 
 " Vratiaabumiila at tntaobiaaaanta Ulla, 
 " Ann* oa B«oi.Ai«."(*) 
 TWa lottar wm mntt writtan by a child 
 of arvnn yaara of aga. Anna muat bava 
 bMH tan i ami Haary. not bainic mora than 
 twalva at har birth, could not hava baan, 
 aa Handara wiahaa to prora, bar fatbar. 
 
 At Boulogne, whara Mary. Qunn of Louia 
 XU. landad in 1614. that bavy of young 
 woman who formad har rorllpa. wara, with 
 tha asoaplioa of Anna Bolayn, who aeoom- 
 paaiad tha royal brida to AbbarUlr,(0 
 ordarad to raturn to Eaglaad. Wa ara 
 aoquaialad with Mary'a hiatory t— a widow 
 after thrM montha' marriaga, longing, 
 whila yM waariog waada, for tha baadaoma 
 Saiblk. whom, tbaaka to tha Inlanrantion 
 of Wolaay, by ovareomiaf bw brotbar'a 
 obatinacy, aha at ktat aMrriad. Mary, oa 
 aaUiag for Baglaad. laaommantlad km 
 aMid of boaanr to tha aotUa of Clauda. 
 QaMa of Fiancia I. TbaM maUia of 
 honoar bad no ragvlar awrlM to diMharga. 
 Thay aecampaaiad tbair royal mlatiaM to 
 M pablki oaramoaiaa, court feativHiea, 
 ebaroh, balla. toumamaiii% whara tbay 
 
 (a) PnwarradinthaorigiaalMU.atOMrMa 
 Ohriati Collaga. CatabridgaToXIX. BUia'a 
 original lattara iUaatratira of Bagllah kiatary, 
 with aotaa irnd iUoaHatkna. Saeoad Marian 
 II. 10, 13. 
 
 O LiBiard.-rid4ia. 
 
 r 
 
I m«i« ••«ri|»t« o«r )• 
 ft 9tioftnM tU ntiHi 
 u !«• •itltrtt M Mitt 
 na mam H Himmunal 
 d«m«ur« afan J« at (7 
 ua iun na aara* M(i"a 
 « Ja «atta pry qu* I* 
 n«t lllMrll* (!• Mparra 
 avta ci* ma tii«ra fw 
 itaa aacura on. . la ou 
 plat ma vara daoUra- 
 (la may aouaa aarUn* 
 I iMraa na tiinnraiituda 
 t raa«rH m«in avacaion 
 IvraanUnU lamia qua 
 indar al vuua prommta 
 nd'ia \»r unf ai Rranl 
 )amf* |Miuvra <la aana 
 hina humhlamanUa a 
 a son pourpoB a pra 
 cripta a U«vra da. 
 t tr«aobiaaa*nta llll*. 
 NA DB BautAK."(*) 
 irar writtan bj a child 
 l«. Anna muat hava 
 f, Boi bainK mora than 
 could not hava iHwn, 
 i pruva, her faihtr. 
 vMarj. Quean of LnuU 
 I, that bavy of rouDff 
 har rortlfw. wara, with 
 na Botayn, who aeooiB- 
 brida to AbbavUW,(0 
 u> Bafflaad. Wa ara 
 ry'a hiatory i— • widow 
 1' narriaKa, longing, 
 lada, for tha handaoina 
 aka to tha Intarvantion 
 reomiDf bw tHrotbar'a 
 ataarriad. Mary, on 
 d, raoomnMutad ha* 
 tha noOca of Ctauda, 
 L Tbaaa OMida of 
 lar awrioa to diaaharga. 
 thair royal miatiaaato 
 liaa, court faativitiea, 
 nuuBMOia, whart thay 
 
 I 
 
 Ufft W ■■«M VIM. 
 
 IM 
 
 aoriglaalMU.all 
 
 ibridgaToXIX. 
 
 ati*a of l^gUah hiaiary. 
 
 tfatlaoa* 
 
 kOarMa 
 BlUa'a 
 
 tnAmrtmrtA to allow of thair baaotf 
 to tha uraauat a.l»aniag« »«i»i6-na 
 rnakat mantKin mora than onea •>« Ihia 
 famiittna a.i.ia.lwn attandant on iha 
 UuMiit or rraocr, an-l. iuctining aa a 
 ehronuUr to malav.»l«nf», rran epaaha 
 li«htly of thair firtua. Ws ran w»!l 
 l.na«laa that in ao gallant a curt aa that 
 of Franci. I., tha cliaractar of ihaaa guar«la 
 tn |i.ltlp.iaia m.iai Kara Incurrwl grtat 
 rielil and unhappllr '»<••««••. in«»«^ »' 
 aoanHal. anauad. whan any of Claudaa 
 atUfdanta f^H ffooi tha path of vlftua. 
 It waa. to uaa tha laoguaga of iha aga, a 
 pardonahia wanlinraa. which calU.I rathar 
 for pity than oanaura. Ona alon. waa 
 pura from avan a ahaila of auapirion. and 
 tliat waa ('!*'"l* »*•••• >'^* Katharina of 
 Arragon. waa an omamant to har aa« 
 and atailon (•) 
 
 It ia no aaay maltar to ray whathar Anna 
 waa aWa 10 rtaial tha rnlra^liaa of Prancw'a 
 courtiari , but it ta an induliiUl.la fact, that 
 aha waa apokan aa lightly of aa har eompa- 
 niona, and Francia uaad to IxrtUt of having 
 had hit ehara of tha young maldrn'a 
 favoura (>) Wa ara nn% aatonlahad ritliar 
 at tha gallant monarch'a triumph or india- 
 craUon. but only at tha rpiihet which ha 
 amploya to daaignata hia miatraaa (•) 
 
 It ia unearUin how long Anna ramalnad 
 with Margarat, Ducheaa of Alcn9nn, who 
 waa oallad tha tanth Muaa and fourth Oraca, 
 on account of har gra«t beauty and 
 ulaoU.(*) Margarat waa at that period 
 living, if any cradlt can ba attached to a 
 modern hiatt)ri»n. In a atate of ineeat with 
 her own brothtr. A letter recently diaoo- 
 vared by M. Genin. throwa a new light on 
 tha Hfa of tha princeaa. Ha aUtae that 
 her huabwnd, tha Duka of Alenfon did 
 not die of grief at having oocaaloned tha 
 daftat at Pavia, but of raroorae, on account 
 of bia wife'a groaa and Imnoial eoBdust.(*) 
 
 Even If wa reject tha aeeuaatlon of ineaaa, 
 of which M Oanin aoeoaea fraatte «id th« 
 mother of J.anne .I'AU.rtt. foun.M. aolelf 
 on an aacetlcal eii«rea«w« oocurrtag In • 
 latter which he cannot oe will "«»« »•«*••* 
 deratand. atill wa moat regret tha* e* 
 youthful and 'ovely a girl aa Anna »«Uy» 
 ah'iuld havaiiern InWodocad into the worii 
 by a priofaaa of ao l.ght a elianicter a* Mar» 
 garai, Duoheaa of AUn^on. Al Parla. aa»|4 
 the brlllia-il and charming woman »%• 
 •itaniled her eouH, the ujcheee waa woill 
 to read har favoiirtia author lloccaoto aloud, 
 or 10 recite eome love ecene In language • 
 little too light for onr age. We ara infotma^ 
 by one of her paoagyriate.C ) that Ann* 
 did all in her |>owar to attain tha French 
 raat of countenance, which after wartla 
 attracted the attention of tha Englieh court , 
 hut wa alao think that bar eoul muat have 
 been tainted by coming into contact with 
 the debauched gentleman, irraligioui 
 prieeta, and effeminate poete, who mad* 
 Margaret'e court their favourite randet* 
 voui. Had they in aueh an aaaa«bly only 
 read the atanaae. eotiUed " te Miroir 
 i, Vimt p^ektr,M0:'(i) wa might hav« 
 feared for har faith , but thay alao wad tha 
 luiian poata, and tharafora wa hava araiy 
 rea*on to tremble for her Innooaoaa. 
 
 Several portraita of Anne Bolayn an 
 atill in aiieunca by Hane Hollwin or hla 
 pupile. and ara to ba aaan at Wlndaor, • 
 Hampton Court, Oiford, Genoa, Momtt 
 Florence, and Paria , and tha beauty of tha 
 young Englieh maiden can ba even now 
 perceived, ihotigh afur tha lapea of thraa 
 renturiea. Bandara firaa bat no iaitaring 
 portrait, for ha aaya. " She waaa bruBatta,(^ 
 
 (a) Katiiarina oafieapoaded with Oanda. 
 loiheBritlah Mnatu«, (M88. Colt. Ca • I. 
 p 1.) ia a Utter fk^m ihe gu*ro of Bnglaiid 
 f^to my »ood ai.ier aad couain. the Queen 
 Claiole of France." 
 
 (fc> Le Grand. 
 
 (•) Lm Hagytn^t *i JW.— iaBdara. 
 
 (<) Crap«l«t. . . „ 
 
 (.) NoavcUea Icttrea da la reinade «•"*»•• 
 addreea<ea aa rol Franooia 1. ton fttire. pabUea 
 d'afrtTteMM.dalaMkNathHaadniiiliaf < 
 
 M. Oenin.— The Proteetant journal i« ' 
 hM Kiamlaed lOid eomplelely relUlad M. 
 Oanln'a aceaaatian in two aaabara in De- 
 cember, 1M3. 
 
 (i) A*jrim of which Margaret waa Iha 
 
 author, and which waa !»*«»}«»«« »7, »»• 
 Parliament.-8er Aiidiu'i Hletolre da Calvin. 
 — •' Le Mlrolr deltoe PIchererte" apfMre4 
 for the flrat tbna in IMI.-Beaa, Hial. Reel. 
 
 — Branl6me. tA^mm^^ 
 
 (h) DeSthiamata AnBlican. OBaofthaBBaol 
 portraita of Aiiue Boleyn U ui the oollaotlon or 
 Ihia Karl of Warwick. U hee been engraved 
 by Scriven. The aortraifit Oanoa in the palaoa 
 of Dnraiao Inepfred Lady MoffMi with tha 
 Mowii* reOecSbn. (Italy) "tWa paftnil 
 
 T 
 
IM 
 
 Urt or HKMST Till. 
 
 jof K fine figtin. oval eouoteninee, but very 
 |Ml«t with bMl t«ath, deformed in her right 
 band, and a awdliDg in her neck." Had 
 Anna naUr reaamblcd thia poi:trait, we 
 think that England would never have 
 •poatatiied froao the Church of the Living 
 Ood. She waa as much oelcbrated for her 
 Mtural beauty ae for her coquetry, an<l a 
 poet haa compared her eyea to two bright 
 •taraC*) She waa very clever, a good mu- 
 akian, piqring well on the flute and 
 TioUn,(*>) accompanied hernelf on the lute, 
 danced too well for an honeat woman, and 
 •van compoaed venea. She was quoted at 
 Pteia and Nerao aa a model of taate ; it waa 
 Anne Boleyn who led the fuhion of the 
 lUy. None oonld put a gold pin ao well in 
 the hair, or a pearl bracelet on the forehead. 
 Anne returned to England in 1633, and 
 waa, immediately on her introduction at 
 eoort. aarrounded by admirers. The poet. 
 Sir Thomaa Wyatt. the friend of her child- 
 hood, paid bia addreaaea to her, but waa 
 nfbaed.(«) Thomaa Percy, aon of the Earl 
 of Nordiiimbcrknd, waa more euccesafuL 
 They met for the firat time at one of the 
 Mtdinal'a maaqueradea, and confided to 
 «Mh other their mutaal love.l<>) But their 
 •liMjtioii waa not of long oontinoance t 
 Henry, for » long time diagoated with 
 Kadutrinek aaw Anna Boleyn and fell in 
 love with her. They alao firat met at one 
 • ef the eardinal'a maaked balla at hia archi- 
 epiaoopal veaidence, at Batteraea, formerly 
 called Bridge Honae, and nfterwarda York 
 Houaa. Thia ball took phioe in a magnW 
 
 la extren^ ouloae tjot Ita coatome; but we 
 flan aee ajrthiu In Anna Boleyn, a alight 
 woman with red hair, which could haTe ex- 
 cited the addterona pasai<m of Heniy VIII." 
 Ite poet Wyatt even praiaea the two Ann* 
 ahe had o» her rii^t hand; "but that'mtok 
 is othera mij^t hare been legatded aa a defiBct, 
 wu to her an occasion of additienal grace." 
 We are toid inthe " DicUonnaire des 3cienoae 
 MedigaleaT' (art Cat. rorM.) that die had aiz 
 flngeia <m Moh hand, and was atnldniam- 
 ailerona; and in the '* Diotioonaire Hta- 
 toriqne de Chavdim et Delandine," thU she 
 had a awelUsg in bar neck aad a tooth too 
 many. 
 
 (a) Whose eyea like twinkUnj atara in 
 •vaaintelaar. 
 
 (l>)^ateattbriand'a Mesoiiea (inMitea) 
 qnotedbyJaeob. . 
 . (•) Wyatt^aMsnoiiv. 
 : (*) Oavasdish, M«:it^ 
 
 flcent room, the walla of which were orna- 
 mented with valuable paintinga. When 
 the building was destroyed, a gold ring 
 given, according to Manning,(*) by the king 
 to hie partner, with the legend ! " 1%y 
 nrtw it tkp honour," snd which aha lost 
 during the evening, waa found. 
 
 Anne and Percy took no precaution in 
 concealing their love from the world ) while 
 the minister, in whose eervioe he waa, 
 would be in conference with the king, Percy 
 waa with Anne in Katharine's ante-chamber, 
 among the roaida of honour attached to the 
 queen, where he propoaed an immediate 
 marriage.(') The object of theee secret 
 meetings waa unknown to Katharine and 
 Wolsey, but Henry aoon perceived that he 
 had a rival, and ordered the cardinal to 
 separate the kvera-O Wolaey, on hia 
 return from Westminster, sent for Percy, 
 and, in a long interview, the detaila of 
 which have been preser/ed by CaTendish,('>) 
 advised him to give up all idea of Anne 
 Boleyn. He expected obedience, but met 
 with ao great an oppoeition that he waa 
 obliged to appeal to the youth'e father. 
 The Earl of Northumberland, on hearing of 
 the king'sangerwith Percy, returned in haata 
 to London, reprimanded hia aon, and oonu 
 palled him to marry ; and, accordingly, a hm 
 weeka after, Percy led Lady Mary Talbot, 
 one of the daughtera of the Earl of Shrewa- 
 bury, to the altar.(') Aa a puniahment for 
 her attachment to Percy, Anne waa obliged 
 to leave Katharine'a aerviee, and retire to 
 the eoUtude of Uever Cartle^J) bnt a few 
 mllee f^om the royal reaidenca at Greenwich. 
 Sir Thomaa Boleyn made no complaint 
 agaioat the cardinal who had diiia foiled 
 all hia child'a expeoHttfona} but An^ re- 
 aohred to have her rfVMge at the earlieet 
 opportunity. Sha h^been deprived^ aba 
 knew not why, of ^c heart an4 hand of 
 one whom ahe Iqved, of the hope <tf an 
 immenae fortane^ and of a 2ae title. She 
 had therefure every right to curaa the very 
 ofWdaey. 
 
 (•) Maaning^a Surrey;^ 
 
 Miss Strickland, lY., 171.— Cavendiah. 
 — NoU'a Life of Snrnv. 
 (f ) Crapelet. 
 
 m Misa StrieklKid. IV, IW. Ige. 
 fi) LiB|aid.^8uae.— Cfuthria. 
 (i) Gavaiidiiih^at4A«f Wolaey. 
 
 I 
 
 T 
 
 i 
 
Ii of which were oraa- 
 bU paintinge. When 
 lettroyed, a gold ring 
 MBnning,(*) bjr the king 
 h the legend i " Thy 
 ;" and which ehe lost 
 waa found. 
 
 tuuk nu preeaution in 
 ) from the world { while 
 hoM aenrice he waa, 
 ice with the king, Percy 
 tharine'it ante-chamber, 
 honour attached to the 
 roposed an immediate 
 object of theae secret 
 own to Katharine and 
 aoon perceived that he 
 irdered the cardinal to 
 i.(f) Wolaey, on hi* 
 linster, aent for Percy, 
 terview, the details of 
 served by CaTendish,(>>) 
 re up all idea of Anna 
 ted obedience, but met 
 oppoaition that he waa 
 to the youth's father, 
 mberland, on hearing of 
 1 Percy, returned in haste 
 nded hia aon, and ooom 
 ; and, accordingly, a fbw 
 led Lady Mary Talbot, 
 « of the Barl of Shrews* 
 
 I Aaa puniahment for 
 'ercy, Anne waa obliged 
 a aerviee, and retire to 
 m CartleA^) but a few 
 i reaidence at Greenwich. 
 
 II made no complaint 
 d who had draa foiled 
 otftlfDUt but An^ara- 
 r ifMMga at the earliest 
 h^been deprived,! aha 
 ^c heart an4 hand of 
 ed, of the hop* at an 
 nd of • 2ne title. She 
 'right to curse the fvry 
 
 rrey. 
 
 nd, IV., 171.— OaTradjah. 
 
 tid. IV. IW. IM. 
 me.*-* Cfnthna, 
 IA«(WolM!]r. 
 
 I 
 
 Un or BKMBT VHI. 
 
 187 
 
 Theae events occurred iu 1593, and not 
 in 1637, as some historians would wish ua 
 to believe, being interested in concealing 
 from their too credulous readers the real 
 data of this royal act of jealousy. As 
 it is certain that Henrj conceived hie 
 scruples of conscience (to use Bumet'e 
 official expression) respecting the validity 
 of hie marriage with Katharine in 1636. if 
 Anne had appeared at court in 1637, it ia 
 evident that she could hkve nothing to 
 do with his scruples; but now-a-day|s 
 Burnet's dates, as well aa those of his 
 followers, are acknowledged to be false. 
 Percy married the daughter of the Earl of 
 Shrewsbury, on the 13th of September, 
 1&33,(*) and on the 19th of ^'ly, 1637. 
 succeeded to the titles of his father, who 
 died about that time.O') Anne was, there- 
 foi«. In England in 1633. She waa not 
 exiled more than two months.C) and re- 
 appeared more lovely than ever at court, 
 thinking no longer of Thomas Percy. 
 
 Henry, before he attempted to seduce the 
 daughter,(4) bought the father's silence. 
 Sir Thomaa Boleyn was created Visoount 
 Rocbford and Trcuurer of the royal house- 
 hold, and on the same day, Anne was pre- 
 aented with a magnificent aet of diamonds 
 by her royal lord. Sir Thomaa Boleyn 
 oflRNPed no oppoetHon to tba king'a wishee, 
 nor was hb tomeated by Any acmple of 
 coneeienee. He bad shot hia eyee when 
 his ddeet daoghter, Mary, had fallen a 
 victim to Henry'a blandisbmenta, and now 
 ha sold hia second danghter'e honour for 
 a viaeooateyt hot Anne, brought up at 
 tbo court of Frands, waa not ao aimple aa 
 bw aiater. She knew how a woman could 
 resist and yet encoiaaga. Inthiastcspect,she 
 waa like Poppeea. as described by Tacitus, 
 who traatad the afiidra of t^o heart aa if they 
 
 (•) The naniaM of my Lord f^itcj ahall 
 be with my Lord Steward'a (Sliie:<rsbury) 
 dauAtar, whereof I am |Ud ; the Chief 3a{(;o 
 is 'imh my Lord of l^orthuniDeiland to con- 
 dude the marriage.— Letter fbmAnne'sconshi, 
 the Earl of Sunrey. ecribbled the 12th day of 
 September, 1583.— Archivea of the House of 
 
 Peroy. 
 
 (b) Brooke'sSuceeeeico.— MUler'sCKlaloyne 
 of Hononra.— Bwfer's Anne Boleyn.— €olhn'B 
 Peerage, by Sir Bdwwd Bridges. 
 
 («) Benger. 
 
 (*) Pole. 
 
 bad been mattere of diplomaey.(*) When 
 then the king, after having addrcMed to her 
 a sonnet, more poetical than amorous,(') 
 spoke to her' of his affections, she replied 
 like the heroine of one of the Duchese of 
 Alenfon'e tales, " Your concubine, MnvB* ( 
 your wife if you will."(») 
 
 Anne had profited by having been 
 educated in Mtfgaret'e school. This wa« 
 doubtless the first time that Henry had 
 found a woman unwilling to yield her 
 honour at his solicitation; but her refusal 
 fascinated the des|K>tic and debauched 
 monarch, and inflamed his passion for her. 
 The reader will remember hia behavionr 
 to Montague when he wished to b« obeyed, 
 he had only to lay his hand on a head, and 
 eay it shall fall or bend, and immediately 
 it .would be beneath the ground. Hera 
 was a mistress whom he derired to have t 
 and to obtain her he implored, promised, 
 swore, but all in vain. It might have been 
 supposed that he was treating with Frauds, 
 but the young maiden, perfect in the art of 
 coquetry, resisted. Her conditions were 
 ever the same,— a TH]tdNB.(i>) 
 
 The opposition displayed by Anno 
 Boleyn, which aome historiana(*) haVo 
 imagined was serioue, lasted mora than 
 a twelvemonth ; but it waa invariably 
 tempered with thoae little arte which one 
 of Margaret'e seholara could ao well bring 
 into play. Anne, wbUe at London, bad bad 
 frequent interviews with the king. She 
 saw him in Katharine of Arragon'e apart- 
 mevte, She waa his constant ptttner 
 in the ball.room. She was the queen of 
 his festivities. Absent from London, sho 
 would at one Ume receive lettere, at Miother 
 presents, from her lover. One day "ha 
 sent her hia poruait set in a brvjsalet, with 
 
 (•) With her, love vras not an aflkir of th< 
 heart, but a matter of diplomacy.— Miia 
 Strickland, IV,. 150.. 
 
 The eagle's force sobdnea eaeh byrde that flyesy 
 
 What metal can resyst the flaminge fyie. 
 Doth not the snnne dwise the cleareste eyes f 
 
 And melte the ice, and make the fioale ret^t 
 The hardest stones are pif rcede thro with tools; 
 
 The wysest are, with princee, mad« but foola. 
 — Nugw aiiAiquB. 1. 388. 
 
 (f) CardTPplo. Apologa. 
 
 SI Part. Pda. 
 Twi)ei,mMiw Benger, 
 
 T 
 
UVI nr RIMRT Tllf. 
 
 tss 
 
 • with tlurt ha eould b« with h«r whentrer 
 b« wUhcd." At ftnother time, "a buck 
 killMl Ute jttUt'tvw by hit hand, with a 
 hope that while eating of it the would think 
 of the hunter." She abo wrote to Henry ; 
 but none of her lettere are in exiatence. 
 If, however, we are to judge by hie repliee, 
 they muit have been coached in lanKuada 
 calculated rather to whet than to weaken hie 
 paaiion. It teema that Henry, emboldened 
 by aoma expretsion penned in rather too 
 aActionato a tone by Anne, waa not quite 
 ao delicate in hie language aa ha ahould 
 have been, and had accordingly given great 
 annoyance to hie miitreee. Henry, truly 
 Npantant for what ha had laid, conioled 
 her by auuring her that "Heaven alone 
 could put an end to hie torments ; and that 
 if Qod heard his prayers, Anne would soon, 
 together with the crttwn, share the royal 
 bed." And the following note aucceeded 
 in appeasing bis mistress s •' I^leverthelfss 
 it by no means becomes a gentleman to treat 
 bia wife as a servant. However, I shall 
 obey yon, if thereby you will be more at 
 yoor ease than you have been in the poeition 
 Meigned by me. I heartily thank you for 
 ■till oecaaionally thinking of me. 6 n. A. 
 1 da A. o na. T. «. «.'(*) 
 
 (a) The library of tie Vallcan at Rome poe- 
 seates seventeen anioimiph letters from Henry 
 toAnaeB<dejn(Cod.No 8731). of which eifht 
 are in Freacb, and nine in Englisfa, all signed 
 by him. The king's writing i* very legible ; 
 they are written ou a kind of cartridite-paper 
 aiM have no enpencriptioo or date. The first 
 is tbua terminated : rtMtr$ logaU itm$tur tt 
 tmp: the third : tteritHe Ut maim d* otUuit gmi 
 ut tt tmnftmn —ra vottrt immuahU, U. Hut; 
 the foimb : Merij^lt dt to mam if* etUif pti 
 tomkmUtrtM memrtroft eosfrc if. Jl. A letter, 
 ddB«ient in the Vatican collection, and which 
 luM been pnblished by Mr. J. Heaine, is thus 
 wwded: '^Fotrt lofQUtt ptM etntre ttniUmr, 
 a. €mtrt A. B. nt eurdu R. Mr. Ounn has 
 
 Jablished a very exact edition of theae letteis 
 1 the PmmpkUiHtr, Nos. 42 and 43, which 
 have been published by M. Crapelet, tmder the 
 title of "LtUru d* Htmi Flit, a Jumt 
 JMtfu." At the commencement of this ooU 
 teetton are lithographic portraiu of Anne and 
 Hwiv VIII. Anne's is copied from the one 
 in the' Latin ver>ion of tlie "History of the 
 Belbrmation," by Buraet, (Geneva), and which 
 is an exact c<n»y of Holbein's, with this dif* 
 feKiice, that the old master has represented 
 Anne with her dress cut low, while M Craprlet, 
 with a modesty which we are (kr from censoring, 
 kaa made the queen's dress somewhat higher. 
 Viom a portrait at Borne, U seema that Anne. 
 
 Historians have Maerted that Wolaey 
 iirst suggested the idea of a divorce to 
 Henry.C') (hut Wolsey himself indignantly 
 rejected the idea as an insult) ;(') Longland, 
 the king's confessor, ths Bishop of Tarbes. 
 and a few other theologians, of no distinc 
 tion,(<>) were of like opioion,(*) but tliey had 
 not perused Henry'e letters. Hsd Anne 
 consented to have bfen his mistress, Henry 
 would never have dreamt of a divorce, but 
 khe wanted a bridal wreath and a crown, 
 and then she would belong, soul and body, 
 to the monarch. It wu then that the kipg 
 thus wrote to her: "Assuring you that 
 henceforward my heart will be yours alone, 
 desiring that my ^'^ly may be so, and it 
 will be if God will, « i\wm I pray earnestly for 
 the arrival of that day." It ie certain that 
 Henry's first scruples rrspecting the validity 
 of his marriage with Katharine of Arragon, 
 were after he had seen Anne Buleyn. • 
 marriage blessed by the Arohbishop of 
 Canterbury, and which Julius II., as wo 
 are aware, had authoriaed by a apecial ball. 
 Henry opened the Old Teatement and read, 
 in Leviticaa xviii. l«« "Thou ahalt not 
 uncover the nakadnaaa of thy brother'a 
 wife I becaosa it ia the nakedness of thj 
 brother." Thus tha Moaaic k» fonnaliy 
 prohibited a marriage betwaen a brothar 
 and aiater'in-law } thia waa indeed a ray of 
 hope for bia heart, tormented by hie paa> 
 aions. From that moosent the monarch 
 felt gnat "reiooraa." and bdieved that ha 
 would ba aoeuraad by Ood aa long aa ha 
 cohabited with Kathaiioa, with whom, 
 however, he had lived without the aligbtaal 
 scruple for eightaea yeara. Bttt ha took eai^ 
 after reading tha above varaa in Leviticaa, 
 to cloae the saerad wliHMt for had ha 
 but turned over a; fcar aaora laavea, bia 
 eyes would hava gluead on tha foUowing s 
 "When brethran dwell togathar and ona 
 of than dieth witboot children, tha wife of 
 tha daeeaaad shall not narry to another, 
 but hia brother shall take bar, and r^aa 
 up seed to hia brother." (Daut. zxv. A.) (f) 
 
 I 
 
 when quite jmxtg, was not 
 Hulbein witLout a veil. 
 
 (k) Pole. 
 
 (•) Cavendish. 
 
 (4) Le OnsJid.— HaU. 
 
 (•) Pole. 
 
 (() Le Grand. 
 
 to sit to 
 
 T 
 
MMrtad thtt Wolaqr 
 B idea of a divorce to 
 key hiroMlf indignantly 
 an iniiilt)i(*) Longland, 
 r. tha Biahop of Tarbaa, 
 eoloKiftna, of no diatine* 
 opiaion,(*) but tliay had 
 ft lettera. Had Anne 
 bfcn hia miatreat, Hanry 
 dreamt uf a divorce, but 
 lal wreath and a crown, 
 I bclonK) Boul and body. 
 It wuthen that the kipg 
 r: "AnurinK you that 
 leart will be youra alone, 
 ^ody may be eo, and it 
 « Awm I pray earneatly for 
 
 day." It ia certain that 
 lea rrapacting the validity 
 th Katharine uf Arragon, 
 1 aeen Anne B<*leyn, • 
 
 by the Arohbithop of 
 which Juliua II., aa wa 
 horiaed by a apecial bull. 
 OldTeaUment and read, 
 . 10 1 "lliou ahalt not 
 kinaaa of thy brother'a 
 ia the nakednaaa of thy 
 tha Moaaic law fonaally 
 riage betwaen a brothar 
 
 tbia WM indeed a ray of 
 t. tormenta4 by hie paa> 
 it nwoient thfe monarch 
 ■a," and bdieved tbat h« 
 d by Ood aa long aa ha 
 Katbaifaw, with whom, 
 ived without the alightaal 
 
 • yvara. Bat be took tank 
 above veraa in Leviticua, 
 •d volMMt for bad be 
 
 * fair aora laavea, bia 
 (lanced on tba following t 
 
 dwell together and one 
 bout children, the wife of 
 U not marry to another, 
 iball take her, and nlm 
 >ther." (Oeut. nv. A.) (r) 
 
 T 
 
 uvi vt avNRT nil. 
 
 189 
 
 waa not 
 veU. 
 
 ■HaU. 
 
 to ait to 
 
 'I- 
 
 TP" 
 
 8aeh waa preeiaely Henry'a caae at the 
 death of Arthur. 
 
 Tite king oommunicated hia doubta to 
 certain caeuiata i but, notwithaUndiug 
 the aeruplea of a timoroua conacience 
 and the feara of a diepuud aucccaaion. 
 he could not conceal hia wiahea. and 
 they deacried the aeoret thoughte of hia 
 innermoit heart. Henry, weary of Katha- 
 rine, who wan lick and infirm, deiired to 
 marry again. Theoloxiani, tired of living 
 in their preabyteriea, deairoua of an abbey 
 or a biahoprir, examined the aacred text, 
 and concluded that no diapenaation could 
 legaliie marriage with a brother'a widow ; 
 but when *hown the text in Deutemnoniy, 
 and being at a Iom fcr a reply, they deter- 
 mined to deny the validity of the dull; 
 i-^i, on account of ita not being aufficiently 
 explicit t •ecundly, becauae it haJ been 
 granted on a palpable falsity; and laatly, 
 becauae Henry had never recognived it.(*) 
 Henry could scarcely repress hia joy. He 
 had found friends and accomplicea. How- 
 ever, aa it was essentially necessary that he 
 should be guided by a living authority, 
 though he had a text from holy writ, even 
 from the book of Levitieue, on his aide, 
 he laid hia scruples liefore the cardinal.(b) 
 Whether Wolaey waa ignorant of the value 
 at which Anne priaed her beauty, nr that he 
 imagined that tbii fncktmt of the capri- 
 ciona monarch wooid paaa away, or that 
 he hoped to intoenee Katharine to take the 
 veil, bia eminence pfomiaed to do all in hia 
 power for the gnnting of the divorce ; but 
 when a fcw days later, Henry mentioned to 
 him the name of Katbarine'a auceeasor, 
 the miniater, thrr>wing bimaelf at hia 
 royal maater'a fee», implored him, with 
 olaaped hand«, to renonnoe an idea ao full 
 of nelaneboiy preeentimente for himself 
 and bia country) but hia pmyer waa uae- 
 lcaa.(*) The king, who in bia love-fit had con- 
 aolted every one, had just received a written 
 consultation flmm hiaambMaador«t Rome. 
 PMw laid no weight on the text from the 
 Vulgate, but believed that the Hebrew 
 would be wore to hia pwrfieae. However, 
 
 (a) Lingard. 
 
 (fc) Linpud—Poly^"" Virgil. 
 
 (•) Pw he ia said Ut have Kooe tcpeatedly 
 Ml hia kneea to the king, to diaaoade Um from 
 it, hot in vaini-^Hownt. 
 
 before giving hia opinion, he wished to 
 consult Riibert WakeAeld. as learned an 
 Htbraist aa Reuohlin, but as poor aa Job, 
 without, however, the simplicity of the 
 dove. Robert replied, ttom Oxford, that 
 be waa ready to enter the lists of contro- 
 versy, and to diapute as wall tivi voct aa 
 with hia pen. He imagined, on aeeond 
 tliought, that it might be one of thoae idle 
 questions studied in the school, and only 
 given him to try hia akill, without bringing 
 him profit or honour. He therefore re- 
 quested to have a few lines from the king, 
 in order that he might be cerUin that he waa 
 not deceived ; and with the royal letter in hia 
 hand, ha was ready to defend Leviticna 
 or Deuteronomy, or wVe vtn^, aa hia 
 majesty pleased,(<>) and with an eruditioB 
 of which England could not possibly form 
 a conception. 
 
 While the island was being thus agitated 
 to deprive Katharine of hertitlca as queen, 
 wife and mother, what waa she hentflf 
 doing i Luther drew her portrait without 
 being aware it: "The woman that feara 
 tiod is a treaaure a thousand times more 
 valuable than a pearl from the East. She 
 possesses the confidence of her husband, 
 whom ahe lovea. Her husband ia her joy, 
 her beppinesa, her life. She obeya without 
 a murmur, worka without eeaaing, and 
 watchea over bet household aflairs. She 
 rises early in the laoming, alloU their wmtk 
 to her aervanu, gMbera the fruita, planta, 
 and prunes. She doea not sleep the whole 
 night, She thinka of the «pnte of fa«r 
 family. In the day, ibe wdrtta with her 
 flngera at the apindle, and ia never idle for 
 a seo«>nd. The poor come and knock at 
 her door: quickly ahe repliee 'come in,» 
 and girea them alma. Doee any one con. 
 plain of hanger, aba quickly give* Um 
 bread. She aneooufa all that are in diatnaii 
 See how carefully and cleanly aha dieaaee f 
 Her bouae is the pictoie of nentneae. 1^ 
 opena her lipa at proper timea, and hm 
 tongue only givea utterance to worda of 
 charity. The bread that ahe eaU is not th* 
 bread af idlencaa ; her children ring ber 
 praiae, and the world bleaaea her."(«) 
 
 (*) Richaidi Paoei, Decrnl Saneti Pauli ad 
 Begnn Henriciim Octevum, 1536. Le Grand. 
 (•) Tiseh-Bedon. 
 
110 
 
 tjwu or tniMBT Tnr. 
 
 LutW, vhile drawing thia Seriptonl 
 portrait, would iMin (ohkvehtd Katharin* 
 of Arragon in hit eye. During the ciffhtMn 
 yean that the had been laanriad, God had 
 i^ieted her in aoul and body. Her beauty 
 faded befon ihe wae etriolcen in yeara. 
 She waa afflicted with a ohronio oomplaint, 
 from which ahe waa a ((rcat aofferer. It 
 often prevented her (ntai aleeping. Ali her 
 ehUdran, eave Mary, wera in heaven. In 
 Tain had ahe besought God to give her a 
 aon, the eole object of Henry'a wiahea. He 
 had not granted her prayer i but ahe re> 
 aigned bereelf to Hia holy will. She hnew 
 that her faithleia huaband laviahed hie 
 eareaaea, of which ahe waa wont to be ao 
 proud, on othera, and yet ahe nevei mur- 
 nured. The aplrndoura of royalty had 
 410 attraction in her eyea. 8eaiedneara 
 email table. Mary at her feet, her maida 
 of honour around her, ahe delighted in 
 tapeatry, lewing, or turning the apindla. 
 Brer eidm, aftible, and good-naturad, ahe 
 
 . an affeotionila mother, a doating wife. 
 
 an admirable Chriatian, and endued with 
 every virtue that could adorn a woman. 
 Thera ara many who, on aeeing her kindnew 
 to Anne Boleyn, her maid of honour, would 
 think Katharine dull, in not perceiving, 
 with true feminine quickneea, that she 
 waa her rival ; but aueh pereoni do her great 
 injuatice, aa Katharine. purifl«d by prayer, 
 abut her eyee and eara to all that paaaed 
 around her. She aeldom went out ; and, 
 when obliged to appear at court, left aa 
 aoon aa ahe could, to return to her beloved 
 solitude. Had it not been for the unanimous 
 praiae bestowed on her for her eharitiea, 
 the citiaena of London might well have 
 doubted her exiatence. The poor alone 
 knew her worth. Anne Boleyn, who had 
 in Katharine a aecond mother, aeemed also 
 to dote on her in return, and used to read 
 every evening to her miatreaa. Look at 
 her ; neither her voice nor hand tremblea, 
 and not a tear falls on her prayer.book. 
 
 CHAPTER XVn, 
 
 PROJECT OP THE DlVORCE.-lftaT. 
 
 In intriane concerted between Henry and the Bishop of Tarbea sgalnat ^'^•r^*^^ 
 
 leioa Aat .he h« been betrayed. -Wol«,'. ahara in the m«fr o* U« J^.'^^jTf $• "J^^ 
 
 sent U) Franoe.-The pretext under which hia exile ia coloured.-Wotoe) deeelvad by *• *»^-— 
 
 Ml. in hi. negoU.tion of ni«ri.ge aith M.rgmt »ni B«»*»--Bf»"« ^MS^'to^S 
 
 interview with H.wy.-Tha King'. »«»*<>» *^'i«"»^°'L^^£t*r;L7?^/CL 
 Miatreaa.— Did Anne yield her honour f-Expedienta adopted by W«daey.— The poet Wyttt. 
 
 Thb walla of her hermittage wera not by 
 ■ay meana io thick aa to praveat Katharine 
 hearing that aha had been betrayed. 
 Krancia wia no longer the emperor'a prK 
 •onart he had been, by the treaty of 
 Madrid, aiBanoed to Leonora, uater of 
 Chiriea V.I but the maniaga had beea 
 poatponed in eonaequence of hia having 
 wfoMd to f^l the terma of the treaty by 
 which he had rqpunad hia liberty. It waa 
 then tiMt Henry of BngUnd, hoping 
 thereby to involve the two aoveraigna in » 
 qtiaml. offn«d hia daughter, the Prinoesa 
 Mary, then only eleven yean of age, to 
 Traadaj the propoaition wu. acoepted,(*) 
 
 (a) Herbert 
 
 and hia ambaaaadora, the Bkhop of Tarbea 
 and the Yiaoouat da Taranno; ned, on 
 the 30th April, 1637. • tna^, < jrein tt 
 waa agreed that Maiy ahovld marry Praaeie, 
 on her gaining the i^ of pnherty, if he 
 were unmarried, or hia aeeond aon, the 
 Duke of Oriaane.(>') Before the Frbaeh 
 aaBhaaaadon left England, Henry gave « 
 megttiflosnt feattval in th^r honour a| 
 Giemwieht what tlvee hundred laneaa 
 wwa lm>kan, and e heU given in the eyen« 
 ing in the qaean'a Maitmeeta. 
 
 Hail baa left a detailed aooount of the 
 fetittuxJlaKtbeatui, wbera the *' ladiea wen 
 iprther engels descended firom hanvao than 
 
 I 0>) Lingard.— M88. btbt dn mL Umfai* 
 
 ■•'.*U 
 
 r 
 
 Ji- 
 
m nothtr, a dotting wife, 
 riitiki). and endued with 
 t oould adorn a woman, 
 ho, on aeeinff her klndneu 
 ler naaid of honour, would 
 
 dull, in not percetvinK, 
 ina quickneta, that she 
 ; aoeh peraoni du her great 
 tarifis, purifl«d bjr prayer, 
 id eara to all that paaaed 
 e aeldom went out; and, 
 
 appear at court, left aa 
 I, to return to her belored 
 lot been forthennanimooa 
 on her for her eharitiea, 
 Liondon might well have 
 iatence. The poor alone 
 Anne Boleyn, who had 
 •eond mother, acemad alio 
 
 return, and naed to read 
 t her miatreaa. Look at 
 r voice nor hand tremblea, 
 lUa on her prayer.book. 
 
 I 
 
 Liri or HKnt tiii. 
 
 ilnst Kafliarine.^The Qneen 
 r the Di«oro«.<-*The MiniBtae 
 olse) deenlfed by the King.— 
 — Betoms to Engluid.'— Hla 
 ( Divona.~-Hia fetter to hia 
 oliey.— The poet Wyitt. 
 
 dora, the Bkhop of Tarbet 
 t do T«rnin«e md, on 
 iaa7f a tamlif, - .arrin it 
 Mtaiyahould marry Ftraaeia, 
 
 tha H* of paberty, if ha 
 I, or bia aaeoad aon, tha 
 aa.^ Refora tb« FnAeh 
 % Bnglaad, Heny gav« « 
 tival in (hair konoor a( 
 Ml tlvaa bnndrad laneea 
 id a ball givan in tha ayan- 
 k'a apactmaeta. 
 
 a detailed aooount of tha 
 M», where tha *' ladiaa wore 
 iccandad from haavan than 
 
 ■MSB. bibi da mi Uarfai* 
 
 T 
 
 morUla."{») " M. deTuraine danced," aaya 
 tha French Journal, " by the king'e com- 
 mand, with the princeea, and the king with 
 Mrs. Boiilan, whii had been brought up in 
 France by the late queen ."(»>) 
 
 Was the treaty ot marriage, which waa 
 to cement the two crowna, really a aerious 
 matter t It had been arranged that Mary 
 should marry Franoia or hia aecond eon, 
 the Duke of Orleana. An alternative ao 
 aingular ia enough to make one heaiute aa 
 to the validity of the treaty; and auapect 
 that it waa a cloak to conceal a mystery 
 which time alone would unravel. Gabriel 
 de Grammont, Bishop of Tarbes, one of 
 the French plenipotentiaries, wne commia- 
 aioned by Henry, with the <fMotf(ineN( of 
 the intrigue. 
 
 A few daya after tha treaty had been 
 aigned,- and when about to return to Franor, 
 the bishop appeared not a little dejected, 
 and, aa it were, dissatisfied at the completion 
 of a negotiation which had cauaed auoh 
 rejoicing in England. Hia aorrow, alto- 
 gether diplomatic, waa obaervad at Green- 
 wich, and iU oauae demanded. For nearly 
 a whole weak, tha prelate refused to assign 
 any motive for hia anxiety, when, at 
 laat. he replied with grwit embarraaa- 
 ment, that ha waa fearfbl that the pro- 
 jected marriage would never take placet 
 and on being urged to explain himself, he 
 first heaitaMd. and then aud, that in hia 
 opinicn, Katharino'a marriage waa a nullity 
 in the eyea of God and man, and that 
 aavenl grava thaologiana coincided with 
 him. Tha faroa had been wall aotad. Hanry 
 appeared aa if atroek by a thunderbolt. 
 Hia object by thia pntaaded aerupla of 
 conarionce. waa to pertnade tha people 
 that tha fint doubt on tha validity of hia 
 maniaga with Katharine had been eng- 
 geatad by a foreign bishop. Tha wwd 
 DivoBOS, would, conaaquently, whan tha 
 plot waa parfaetly ri«s^ cauaa laaa aeandal 
 in England, lesa fear »t Rome* and leas 
 attoniahment among ftfliaifttcourU. France 
 would laadUy join ia a triak which w^ld 
 ba certain to maka Charlaa and Henry in*, 
 coneilaabb a arti ^h '^ •»* divoro^ 
 
 (a) HaU. ' 
 
 (*) Joumalf Mai, M88. de Brtf«*„„, 
 
 (•) Bfcynal, Hist du Divorte d^ B^nl VIII. 
 
 waa never to be used whei. 
 waa apuken of. The expression, 
 «iM((«r" would not be ao likely to ca^. 
 anxiety in the breaat of the queen and 
 the people; and therefore it waa agreed on • 
 that that trrm should be invariably used 
 in their ofilcial corre8pondence.(<>) 
 
 Katharine learned with sorrow that she 
 had been betrayed by one whom ahe had 
 loved as her own child; that Henry waa 
 desirous to brand her with the crime of 
 incest, and Mary, his child, as the fruit of 
 hia aacrilegioua marriage, and to place tha 
 crown of St. Edward on the brad of hia 
 mistress. Maternal love made Katharine 
 a heroine. She resolved, at the foot of the 
 crucifix, to defend even to death her aacred 
 rights as mother, wife, and queen ; and not 
 for an insUnt did she flinch from her reso- 
 lution. She is the strong woman of holy 
 writ who obtained courage by the con. 
 templation of heaven. Her anger at flrat 
 fell on that creature, who, not aatisfied nith 
 robbing her of her husband'a heart, waa 
 trying to aell heraelf for a crown. Henry 
 waa preaent at "tki$ thnrt trtgtdjf.'X*) 
 which he abridged by swearing that if ha 
 had conaulted theologiana (for Katbarina 
 waa acquainted with every thing,) it waa 
 only to tranquiUiaa hia own oonaoienoa. 
 Tha queen replied that ahe came a virgin 
 to his bed. and that ahe ahould leave it 
 pure; that it waa inaulting God to aah 
 theologiana, whether during eighteen rreara 
 Maiy'a mother had not been living in 
 incrat; and added, resuming her wonted 
 eerenity, that tha king would not doubtlaaa 
 refuse bar that which ha would grant to 
 the humbleat of hia aubjeeta,— 4ha aid of 
 Bngliah and foreign advoeatee to defend 
 her threatened righU.(f ) 
 
 From that tima, Katharine waa aa muah 
 under ntneUUitee aa the oonvict in the eeUL 
 Her maida of ko>rit>v>r and her attendanta 
 were ordered to coi-u^unicuta the sligbteat 
 action performed by their mistreaa. Wolaey 
 had a hand in tbia odioua ^fot agahiat tha 
 liberty of a woman. Ha cot j^rattilatad tha 
 king on diaeoveiing tha miaaion of Firancia 
 liilippaa, whom tha queen had aent to 
 
 (4) state Pliers, lAasim. 
 
 (a) Lingard. 
 
 (() stale Papons I. US, 197. 
 
 Ji. 
 
tin or aiNRY rat. 
 
 „oioui pratoxt of rarrying 
 
 .^ uf ooDfliilation to her iK^'i ^nd 
 
 •notlier, but in reality to oommunicata 
 
 "tht *9cr$t malUr" to Charlea,— a Kccrtt 
 
 which it waa eaaantialljr neceaawrjr to heap 
 
 from hia linowl«dge.(*) 
 
 It waa imporUnt that the character 
 Wolaey waa to play in thit meUnclioly 
 buaineaa ihould ba now arranfted. He had 
 not augffeated the divorce, aince it waa 
 not conducive to hia intereat to reidaoe a 
 woman like Katharine of Arragon, (ini- 
 mical to all mundane mattera. and cnm- 
 pleMly abaorbad in her exercitra of piety, 
 nod influenced by no ot. •;. object of am- 
 bition than by the with of workinK out 
 iier own aalvation,) by a woman of Anne 
 Buleyn'a character, or any other young 
 peraon of royal blood, who would replace 
 him in the king'n affcciiona by her 
 oharma and youth. Any other woman but 
 Katharine waa a maiiter which he gave to 
 the prince, whoac guardian he had hitherto 
 been, and therefore it waa that he threw 
 bimaelf at Henry'i kneea when he heard 
 him pronounce the name of Anne Boleyn, 
 aa Katharine'a auooeaaor, to endeavour, by 
 hia Bupplioationa and teara. to prevent tuoh 
 • cataatrophe more fatal to hia own hap- 
 pincaa than to that of hia royal maaUr; 
 but when he perceived that hia teara, feigned 
 w reaU bia prayera inspired by fright or 
 aelAnhnaaa, were ineffectual, he aroae from 
 hia kneea a convert to the acheme of the 
 divorce, but deUrmined that he ahould 
 himaelf aeleot the new queen.(i>) 
 
 The reader will remember that at the 
 time of Katharine'a marriage. Warham, 
 Archbiahop of Canterbury, at firat through 
 genuine aernplea of conacience, aaaerted 
 that the Divine kw tranamitted by Moaaa 
 poaitively prohibited any union between a 
 
 (a) And aa touching the goin| <>? I'rauncea 
 Phtlipee into Spayne. fayning tko iia4Ha to be 
 for Tiaiting of hia mother, now "trtey and 
 aged, your Highneaf Ukilh it M<rely in the 
 xi^t, that it i« chiefly far (i!/.Uj«iiig of Iho 
 aecrete metier unto th' Bm-v > ■" and to devi«e 
 meanaa and wayei howj. ■; j' inded parpoae 
 BiMit be empeched.— 8Ui« t'Afieia, I, riO. 
 
 (a) 'rbuuderatrufk at ih!?. ..vcloattre, tha 
 roiiiUier threw himself at the ' of hia royal 
 
 maater.and remained Maeraiiion. 
 
 I. kneea 
 
 reaaottiug with Urn on tha iniki'<«i«>u of hia 
 conduct, but without efliBct.— Ni& •^triekland, 
 Vi., 179.— Ungiid.— Ga(^. 
 
 brother and aistcr>ln-law.(<) The question 
 decided by the Sovereign Pontiff' in favour 
 of the new latv. had been aa yet only au|i«r- 
 flcially examined t and it ia hiKhly impro- 
 bable that Wolaey, amid hia iiioeaaant cm- 
 pluymentt, had liad «tiiher sufficient leisure 
 or even wish to examine the mootad point 
 more aariously. When Henry, tbanka to 
 the investiHatiiins of the theolcgians who 
 ware Anne's partisan8.(<i) bad opened the 
 Book of Leviticua, and with hi* eyea wil- 
 lingly blinded, had read the sentence of Oud 
 agvinst those bands of affinity, Wolaey, 
 influenced by tbeoounaala of Warham, tor- 
 mented by bis evil paasions, deceived aa to 
 the king'a inolinatiuna and faithful to hia 
 vocation of a courtier, declared hiinaalf in 
 favour of the divorce.(*) But it is no 
 difficult matter to fierceive 'hat, in every 
 line that ha wrote about this period, 
 be believed that the disaulution of the 
 marriage could only be pronounced by the 
 Po|)e, that great authority to which he 
 would be always submissive. Wolsey could 
 not bring bi;7iself to believe that any 
 attachment of Henry'a could laat. He 
 had aeeii the king fall in love so often, and 
 then immediately forgot hie »«i«mora<a, 
 that he imagined it would ba the aaine 
 with Anne. Anne, once seduced, would 
 be abandoned, aa had been her sister 
 Mary. Thua constrained to be an advocate 
 for the divorce, he waa aiill far from wiahing 
 to aee Sir 'lliomaa Boleyn'a daughMr 
 Queen of England. 
 
 Anne had her revenge on the miniatcr 
 by having him sent into exile. When ha 
 
 (a) See Chap. I 
 
 (d; She heraelf aent her own prieata, grave 
 tbeologiana, as a proof of her seal, who were 
 not on!y to alBrm that you might repudiate 
 your wife, but even to aay thai you would 
 commit a very grievoua ain in retaining her for 
 an inatact; and who were to denounce the 
 wrath of God againat you if you should he- 
 aitale. Thia waa the flrat beginning of the 
 whole aflair.— Pole. 
 
 (e) And aa I aaid unto Master Sampaon, if 
 your brother lutd never fcnowen her, by reason 
 whereof there waa noo aflinkte contracted t yet, 
 in that aha waa married iu and /am tcotmim, 
 and contracted jwr Mrrfta 4« prmtnil, there did 
 utile tmindimtitlmmpubUetkoiutkittt, which la 
 noo lessu mptdimtMtm md dirmim dm m wtmtri. 
 mmUttm, thenne affluite, whereof the but 
 makith noo expieaae mer'wa.— Woieay to 
 KiogHmiy VI ' 
 
 Epieaae 
 
 m 
 
tUI or KIHkT Till. 
 
 In-lmw.C) Thf quMlion 
 riralftn Pontiff in favour 
 il btcn •• yet only luiicr- 
 
 •nd it ia hiKhly im|iro- 
 , tmid hia inocaasnl cm- 
 id wither aufflciant leiaure 
 ■mine the mooted point 
 When Henry, thanka to 
 
 of the theolcKiana who 
 iaana,(<i) bad opened the 
 , and with hi« eyea wil< 
 I read the aantence of Oud 
 )d« of affinity, Wolaey, 
 lounaela of Warham, tor- 
 1 paaaiona, deceived aa to 
 iuna and faithful to hia 
 ■tier, declared hiinaalf in 
 rorce.(*) But it ia no 
 > {leroeive 'hat, in every 
 rote about thia period, 
 
 the dieaulution of the 
 nl/ be pronounced by the 
 
 authority to which he 
 ubiniaaive. Wolaey could 
 if to believe that any 
 lenry'a could laat. He 
 [ fall in love ao often, and 
 ' forgot hia itutmorata, 
 I it would be the aame 
 ne, once aeduced, would 
 u bad been her aiater 
 Urained to be an advocate 
 B waa aiill fair from wiahing 
 omaa Boleyn'e daughur 
 )d. 
 
 revenge on the miniatcr 
 mt into exile. When he 
 
 aent her own prieata, grave 
 iroof of her leal, who were 
 I that you might repudiate 
 en to aav that you woald 
 ivooa ain In retaining her for 
 rho were to denounce the 
 inat you if you ahonid he- 
 
 the flrat begiuniag of the 
 le. 
 
 id unto Maater Sampaon, if 
 ■ever kiiowen her, by reaaon 
 iioo aflukte contraeted t yet, 
 arried iu and fam Mottim, 
 • Mrrta 4t prmtmH, there did 
 mpubUetkontttatiB, which ia 
 HUitai md iirimim dm m wMrl- 
 
 attuite, whereof the but 
 ■eaa mer-wm.— WoJaejr to 
 
 left for Paria, the oitiaene of London, 
 acquainted with the king'a paation for 
 hia new roiitreaa, felt perauaded that the 
 miniater hud only accepted the emhaaay. in 
 order to nritniiaie a marriage between the 
 King of Kn«iand and one of the French 
 princeiiiea.(*) Such waa the report circu- 
 lated huth in France and SpainX**) »(! 
 therefore the populace aaaembled in the 
 attoeta of the city tn ace the cardinal'a 
 cnrriye paaa by, and everywhere aaluted 
 him with prolonged huaaaa.C) 
 
 WoUey waa by no ineana acoualoined to 
 ihaie accUmationa of joy. It waa a homage 
 paid tJ the atatea'iian, who, at r.rit, tiaJ 
 refuaed tit partici|iat« in the plot again»t 
 Katharine, and at a later period yieldin,c 
 10 the atorm raia-^d againat him by hia 
 enemiea, had left h»me to form a family 
 alliance with France, provided the queen 
 would oonaent, aa he hoped, to retire into a 
 convent. Hie eiile, though veiled by ao 
 apetioua a pretext, deceived no one. He 
 left for the avowed purpoae of arranging 
 cerUin articlea of the treaty aa yet unaeitled. 
 He had been auddenly appointed at the 
 inatigaiion of the Dukea of Norfolk and 
 Suffolk, and Lord Roohfort. to take oh^e 
 of thia diplomatic miaaion-C) 
 
 Thia diagrace waa concealed "Q the fol- 
 lowing plea. Rome, aa we abt »ct. in the 
 neat chapter, had fallen into tb : «, U of 
 the Imiierialiata. Clement Vk w<ia a 
 prieorer in !he Caaile of St. Angelo, and 
 Wolaey had gone tu France to enter into 
 aome arrangement for hia deliverance. He 
 had eeen through the anaie, but, too crafty 
 to evince any dread, bad left London, aa in 
 daya of yore, attended by hia uaual ayrtigt, 
 
 (a) And that he waa going to the continent, 
 to concert a marriage between Henry and the 
 aiater of the French aovereign. — Turner. 
 
 (b) On the aSrd of Auguat, lb27. Dr. Lee 
 alluding to thia ruBHittr wrote, "I ahall order 
 my anawer according to the inatructiona of my 
 Lord Legate."— M88. Vean. C. IV. ». 188. 
 
 («) In paaning through London, there waa 
 a gret number Si people of every aorte un the 
 etivlea that 1 paawd by, which continuallv. 
 In countenance, behavkiur and worda, made 
 demonatncion of favour, good wil, and harty 
 love, with open arciamatfona i>nd prayuur to 
 God, (bat I ahuld wel apede in tiiia my Jouriiay 
 and aborily retonme again.— Wolaey te King 
 Henry VIIL— State Papeie, L 198. 
 
 (d) Liivpud. 
 
 and preceded by hia • 
 only at the moment of eii>. 
 wrote to the king earneatly entreaii. . 
 to defend him againat hia enemiea who hau 
 leagued together fur hia dratruction. (•) 
 WoUey'a mind waa of too high a caaie not 
 to have a preaentiment of the future. One 
 more atep, and he would have arrived at 
 the height of hia ambition. He at Icaat 
 touched it in thouxht when com|>elled to 
 atop. Ha waa no longer to content! with 
 emprrora or kinga, but with an angry 
 woman, — a power more to t>e dreaded than 
 any other, and which waa fully prepared to 
 hurl him into an aliyia with hia mitre, hia 
 eroaicr, hia acarlet robe, hia two omaaea aa 
 legate, hia wealth, and the aymbola of hia 
 worldly digi.itiea. 
 
 Wolaey waa received in France with 
 
 the homa^^e uaually paid tn crowned hetda. 
 
 Cuuriera precrded him one day in advance 
 
 to prepare suitable apartmenli for him. 
 
 At the gate of each town, the authoritiea 
 
 waited for him; and under the cathedral 
 
 porch a prieat addreaaed him in Latin. The 
 
 priaona were thrown open at every town 
 
 through which be paaaed i and by virtue of 
 
 lettera-patent from Francia, lie waa autho- 
 
 riaed, like a king in hie firat entry into a 
 
 city, to pardon every crime, excepting 
 
 murder, rape, high treaaon, aacnlege, 
 
 coining, and araon.C) Wolaey found in- 
 
 atructiona from the king awaiting him at 
 
 Paria, which were calculated tu make him 
 
 forget that be waa an exile. Henry had 
 
 inatructed hia ambaaaadora to give aoma 
 
 lettera to the Ducheaa of Alen^on, oongra* 
 
 tulating her on her brotber'e delivery, and 
 
 thanking her for the ahare ahe had tahtn 
 
 (e) Aaeuredly tmating that vonr h^hneea, 
 of your high vertue and moat noble diapoaition, 
 wil defende the oaoao of your moat humble 
 aervaunt and aubjecte. — Wolaey to King Henry 
 VUI.— Stete Papcra. I. IW. 
 
 (f ) " That he may in all citiea and borangkc 
 through which be ahall paaa. on hia journey 
 lowarda ua, deliver all and every the priaoneta 
 then conftned in ihoae piacee ; and to fbrgive, 
 acquit, and pardon all matlera, Crimea, and 
 delinquenciee comraiited and perpetrated by 
 auch pritoueia, in the aame manner and torm 
 aa we do, and have been accuKioned to do, at 
 our flrat viaiiing ciiiee and borougha of our 
 aaid kiiigdon ;" but he tfTCepta '* the crimee of 
 high treaaoB, murdor. rape, aacrilege, coining* 
 
 '— Ho^eawL 
 
 I and boning houaes." 
 
 i 
 
tlVI or fllRMV fill. 
 
 -tin tMloaa In UbourinK 
 -tilt of th«kr niiMioii.(*) iU<l 
 ■/"dUmUMd hit miairMsf WolMf 
 fliul avcry rsMon to coma to vueh • conclu- 
 sion, from hi* inttructioni, but ha waa 
 dacaivad. Tha aohoUr liad profited by hia 
 nuMtar'a laaaona. and now playad witli him 
 who had ao lonif mada a dupa of awry 
 erowned head. 'iHia matrimonial naitotla- 
 tlon would \f .• failure, and of thia Henry 
 waa fulW «wara. 
 
 Fran -la oonaanted, after a welUfaigned 
 oppoaiti m, to rajaol tha hk.nd of tha haireaa 
 praaumpbfj to tha throna of England, 
 whom tba Duka of Orleana would marry aa 
 ■con aa ha waa of age, unleaa tha non-par- 
 formanoe of that matrimonial ctauae, or 
 MM* otktr wmapttttd twnt. ahould diaturb 
 tha harmony of tha two court*, or auapend 
 tha execution of the treaty .('•) Theaa pre- 
 eautiona fully prora Hanry'a determination 
 to diTorca Katharine and the cardinal'a 
 docility. Both aacriflced their oonaciencca i 
 tha ona to owrcoma the virtue of a young 
 girl, the other to retain hia poaition aa 
 Chanoallor Aa it waa neceaaaryto quiet 
 tha Queen, by depriving her of even the 
 hope of an appeal to tha Sovereign Pontiff 
 if aha refuaed to take tha veil, WoUey, 
 (who was anzioua to be invested ro^h 
 QBllmitad power in the trial about to w.ka 
 place,) Btipnlated that aa long aa Qement 
 VII. waa detained by tha emperor oa a 
 priaonar, the Mntence, which be, aa legate, 
 pronoDneed, should be eiecuted in spita of 
 •vary |»ro^!h\^ion from tba Pope, whatever 
 miglit be lise rank of the eondemnad 
 puty.(*) Tha rainiatar had gained on* vie* 
 tory. Would h* ba afe aueceaaful with tha 
 Duiohesa of Alen^on or tha Princeaa Reti^ 
 
 (a) They shall also deliver tha king's letters 
 naio tha Dnohess of Alsn^oo, asaking hia 
 giaoa^a baaity loooamandatioaa with congia* 
 taUtlaos on her brother's daltveranoa, and 
 giving praiie to bar fw bar great labors, 
 p^M^and travail, awrtainad in hia behalf, by 
 wkoaa daiterity tha same hath ukan this good 
 •ffaot. And ao they ahall in their dobig have 
 mat with sMh intaUiganoa ac thay ean attaint 
 •Blartainbif her in tha avanoa of all each 
 tUnga aa Utajr. ahiOl aaa tha case to require, 
 the instmetinsHi weia signed Henry, H. T.— 
 MS8. OaL D. IX., p. 109. 
 
 (k) Lingard.— State Papers, I.,a34,6b2,a68. 
 
 (•) State Papara. I., 1», 2&8, 806. MS— 
 Bymer. Fmderk X1V«. «», W.- " ~^ 
 Awanimenti H'MOn. 
 
 a* ha had bean with Francis t Both these 
 women suite'l Wol»ey'* policy. Margaret, 
 ahandontd tu di*ai|iatiun. would occupy 
 her time in those pUaauraa by which ha 
 would surround bar. Ra>i4a would remain 
 in her oratory ab«»rb«d in prayer, which 
 •he loved aa inurh a* ivaiiiM'ine.(<)) With 
 Margaret or Rantfe, a* Queen of Kngland, 
 ha had a chanca of dying Lord Chanoallor. 
 Unhappily tba minister failed in both hia 
 negotiations. Marxaret replied that she 
 could twver consent to replace in tha royal 
 bad ona who had alept th«ra lor eighteen 
 yeara, without remorse, and perhapa bo the 
 ocuae of her dealb.(*) Beaides, she was not 
 froo, aa aba waa angagad to tha King of 
 Navarre tC) • oircumatoaco of which 
 Wolsey was parfactiy Ignorant i—but not 
 so with Henry. It was at Compi4gna that 
 tba cardinal diacloaed to Louisa the project 
 of dlvoroo, and the hope that the King of 
 England entertained of obtaining the hand 
 of the Prinoea* Ren<e,(() But he eoon had 
 causa to repent of thia stop, as it waa a 
 new trap laid fur him by hia maaUr. 
 lUn^ WIS not in the slightest degree dia- 
 poaed to ssorHko tha rights and roposo 
 of Katharine to the caprice of a debauched 
 husband i and Franeia rofoaad giving bis 
 oonaent to a match which would give 
 Bngkod an haroditary claim in Brituny, aa 
 that province waa Ren^'a dowrytC^) beaidaa, 
 aba waa betrothed to the Duke of Ferrara.(<) 
 What an bumiliatlag poaition for Wolaeyl 
 Condemned to deatruction if be prononncwS 
 the divorce, aa he pledged hinuelf to do, 
 by the hand of Anne Boleyn, or by the 
 pretended dieoootent of the aoverrign, if 
 be failed in hia double raiaalon. Wolsey 
 had not eipected that hia pupil, weary of 
 a yoke of Ifteen jmn, would flniab l^ 
 obiaiaing hia emancipation. So iolif m 
 be waa employed in dacaiving an iHly. 
 breaking aamd angagemonu or hia word, 
 taking life, impoveriahin|[ a nation, or die* 
 uting to Pariiiment, Henry wm rciidy to 
 
 (A) Tan yeara after thia dale, Reatfe, Dttdiaae 
 jf Fcrran. apeatotised.-AudiB'a Hitt. de 
 oeivbi. 
 
 lIS0.. . 
 
 (f) Hari. NlSi 
 ft) LaOraad. 
 
 ,n(o.SW. 
 
 .M La Oread. 
 
 li) MS8. Taap. C IV.. 177. 181.. 
 
FMmcU r Doth thM« 
 sjr'i policy. MarR»r«t, 
 IMtion, would ocotipy 
 tlcuurM by which hfl 
 
 Ra>i4« would ranialn 
 irb«d in prayer, which 
 m iv»iiiM-ine.(<)) VVith 
 , •■ QuMo of KnKUnd, 
 dyinn Lord Chanoallor. 
 niatar ftiilad in both hit 
 \^wrt^ replied that aha 
 : to replaca in tha royal 
 laptthvra lor aightaan 
 raa, and pcrhapa ba tha 
 •) Baaidaa, aha waa not 
 BRkgad to tha King of 
 reumataaca of which 
 tly i(nor»nt I— hut not 
 waa at CompMKU* that 
 gd to LouiM tha project 
 hopa that tha Kibr of 
 i of obtaininf tha hand 
 i^.(t) But ha aoon had 
 
 thia atap, aa it waa a 
 
 him by hia maaUr. 
 Im alinhteat dagraa dla- 
 tha riffhta and rapoaa 
 caprice of a dabauohad 
 neia rafoaad ffivinff his 
 «h which would gl?a 
 ary claim in Brituny, aa 
 m^'a dowryiC^) baaidaa, 
 D tha Duka of FarraituO 
 Bf poaition for Wolaeyi 
 nsction \( ha pronouncwi 
 pladgad hiaaalf to do, 
 .nne Bolayn, or hj tha 
 mt of tha aoTeraign, if 
 oubla raiaaioB. W0I1M7 
 that bia pupil, waary of 
 yaara, would flniah liy 
 neipation. 80 long h 
 
 in dacalvinf an ally, 
 igagamonta or hia word, 
 iriahiBK a nation, or dio* 
 nt, Hanry waa ready to 
 
 r thia data, Raatfa, Dv^aaa 
 ttsad.— Audin'a Hiat. da 
 
 , XXVII. 
 
 rifcsw. 
 
 B. IV., 177, 181,. 
 
 UrU Of URNRT Tilt. 
 
 Ul 
 
 •bay him I In hIa Intaraat tha king had 
 aotaid hypooriiloally ami daapuuoa'ly 
 Now, when ha had aarvad ao long aa 
 an Inntrument to tha will of ona 
 ntaa, tha king ravoltad, and wiahaii to 
 govarn. Wolaay waa playing with flra. 
 At tha ptiinaoia ut power, ha laarnsd that 
 Hanry wi«hed to ba divorrad from hia wifa, 
 and beliavad bimaalf obligad to litten to 
 tha whima of a diacontantad huaband. 
 But tha aUra of yeaterday had bacoma hard 
 to pleaaa. Ila wanted a wtfa auoh aa hia 
 inlF^med paaaiona r«praaantad to hia mind. 
 Ha met with oppoaitioo j and, accordingly, 
 to poaaaaa bar ba would cruah tha idol 
 which hia ruyal hand had made, 'l^ie king 
 again became a theologian. By argumenta 
 Ukcn from the Angel of tha Uchoola, ha 
 had triumpbad over Luther, and auc- 
 eaaafiilly dafandad tradition. Tha ink that 
 had parformod anch wondara in tha contest 
 with tha monk of Wittambarg waa not yet 
 axhauatod. There remained eufBcient for 
 Henry to defend bimaelf and oppoaa tha 
 univaraltiaa of the kingdom. Ha returned 
 with greater ardour than aver to tha Book 
 of Lavlticua.aa Wakeilald.C*) tha atudant of 
 Hebrew at Oxford, had adviaed him 1 and 
 by tha aid of a few Unee, written mure 
 than 4,000 yaara ago by tha Hebraw li-gia- 
 Utor, he wiahed to prove to the world 
 that he bad been living in inceat for eighteen 
 yeara, and that bia daughter Mary (hie only 
 child) had been oonoeived and brought up 
 in ein. He began hia work, and oompoaed 
 t treatiaa intarlardad with dtationa from tha 
 Bible,eatabliabingthanuUltyof'Jaaurriaga, 
 and proving that it waa high lime, for 
 the aaka of pnbUc morala. to diaaolve it.(0) 
 While tha theologian waa at work, tha lortr 
 had not fbrgottan hia miatnaa, to whom ha 
 thua wratei "My Lttla kaatl, tiila latur 
 will Infonn yoa of my aneaaineaa ainoa 
 youf departure, M it baa aeamed much 
 longer than a fortnight. I think it proceada 
 tiom yonr kindnaaa and the fervour of my 
 love} for otherwiae It would have aeemed 
 impoaaibla that ao abort an abaenoe could 
 have eaoaed ma aooh grief. But now that I 
 ehaU again aae yon. it aeema aa if my aorrow 
 waa half diminiahedi and I fM great 
 
 Pole.— Kni^t'a Bi 
 Lingaid 
 
 pleaaura in compoaing a vork that will ba 
 of aarvica to ua both. I t«ava worked !•■ 
 day for mora than four hoiira, which, with a 
 alight headaohe, oom|Mila ma to writa a abort 
 letter, dealring, eepaclally in tha evening, 
 to And myeelf in my aweetheart'e arma, 
 
 whose pretty UttJe I hope aoon to 
 
 kiaa.(«) Writtan with the hand of him who 
 haa '.lean, ia, and ahall be youre by hia own 
 will." 
 
 A dramatic poet could make no uae of 
 euoh a letter aa thie, inaamuch aa it would 
 depilve tha pervonagM introduced into hia 
 piece of that unity of obaracter ao India* 
 penaabla for imaginary heroea. But tha 
 hiatorian ia in tha aervlce of another muaa. 
 Truth ia alwaye required to flow firom 
 hie pen. If thie letter waa really written 
 by Hanry, what liecom«8 of thoae o«le> 
 braud worda of Anne Doleyn. " Yoi7il 
 CoKooaiMa.Nol Youa Wire, Yaal"— 
 an anawcr dictated by modeaty and virtue, 
 and made by the youoK maiden when drat 
 tempted by Henry. If it ware true that Anna 
 fall firom tha path of virtue, how could aha 
 now dare to expect the throne t How came 
 one ao craft/ to fall, eapacially a« aha had 
 the example of her elder ainter before herf 
 How waa it that Henry, whom bietoriana 
 inviiriably rapraaent aa a libertine, did not 
 at once, repel from him a woman who bad 
 been ao imprudent aa to yield to hia deairae } 
 Theee difficult queetiona have been ra- 
 aolved, or attempted to be reaolved, in a 
 nodam work, in which the author becomea 
 a champion for tha honour of Anne 
 Boleyn. " If a few ezpreaaiona in thae« 
 lettere ehock the reader'a delicacy, he mu«t 
 attribute thia lioentiouaneaa to the time in 
 
 (<) "Wyeohyng myaelfe (apecially an 
 
 aveaynie) in my aweto katte hanaya. whaaa 
 pratty dnkkya I traat akottly to ciiaaa. Wiif|yn 
 with the hand oS hym that wee, ia, aad rfUkl 
 be youia by hva wyll." Mr. Sbarun Tanar 
 (HUtory of Henry Vlil..) in apeakkg of hia 
 lettera, laya, that "l*«ir rtneeiM Uairifg* 
 U «• <rrtd«lil*i* ttU tH M om of Amu Anikya'a 
 nrtut," and, aa a proof, qnotea tha above latter, 
 omitting the worda " whim prtUji AukAy* Itnut 
 
 Oort/y t« cMMf," aadlng in a note, " / 
 
 earfl 0tglU woria, * *fv*u (m § Me tniMrmmU k» 
 d*$ind." MiMStnekland, on referring to thia, 
 aaya, " It ia, nevertheleea, difficult to imagbie . 
 any woman of htmonrable pitnciplea Aoeiving 
 and treeanriag anch lettera ftoM' a aMurrial 
 ■ma.''— IV., 170. 
 
 If 
 
i*h 
 
 Uf% or Mimii vin. 
 
 «ruu)h lb«y ww« »»*«»•»». for w know lh«l 
 lh<t ■«• tTM •(••rc«ly civiU*»»l. • ' tH«* "»•- 
 ditroua wmuiplwi might b«i iWtn *h«r« Um 
 iWMrv* \» wnploytd in (h« ch*iic« of ivrroa. 
 ThoM •»•« who wr« n«t fWf p«»il»l »<• 
 Hrnry, hmn bwin w.-npiiUd to ctlalt that 
 thtN i»rv >!.;/ ' w i,j thr«« ftulU U» h« 
 found In tb* whoU ol hi* l«tur«. and th»l 
 ihiy kr« ruhtr in •vldinoa of hl« pltty 
 thftn oth«rwlrm."(*) Do«i th« •<«««d f<»4«r 
 bcliavo th*» AoM yWd«d b«r honciur lo 
 Htnry'a lualful dMira* f 
 
 On hU rtturn to London, Wolwy found 
 hit DMMUr laoN •miMan than bafora ha h*d 
 IWI ( th* happy tovor >><^> «)"i^nff *^* 
 •baanca of hia minUtar, aoll««tad aU iha 
 irnnroanta ha ortuJd «nd agilnat hi* mar- 
 tiaga with K*th«rlna. Woiaay, for wt 
 ■ntt ba joat. did all ha omild to dlaauada 
 Haary ftom hi* pMaion*. but bla pmyare 
 ud taan waie tllka uaalaa*. (*) Hi* 
 mialatar w** far from bain^j diaha*rtcna<? 
 Wy»«, prolmbly at Wolaay"* raquaa*. agalii 
 «aiiM forward to oflSir hia hand to Anna, 
 ^rhombahadnavarecaaadtoadora. Botwha* 
 Maid Wyatt olfaf worthy of an ambitioua 
 vonan'a accapunca |— a crown of laarala I 
 Amm aapirad to a dladam aparkUng with 
 <|iMDonda. 'lliroufib a fsaUnff of gratitu 
 •rMtiog aa a coquatta, aba aMmad cap- 
 
 8 
 
 Orapalat. 
 
 Miaa tltrioUaBd^— IV., 179. 
 
 t;vatMt by tha poat, and bar uhW. or nirdk. 
 w*a tha raward (if Handar* i* ba to orvditad), 
 whioii ah* b**»ow*d on tha friand of bar 
 childhood .(•) It i* indul.'able that lf#nry 
 fblt graat alarm on haaring .if ihi» prl*a 
 which Wytti irapradantly ai»iit>*t«d to hia 
 frlund*. An aij.lanatlon of rmh'r a Uraly 
 oharMUr umiIi plara b«tw»*n tlti* moOMoh 
 Mid h.* weU-li«l<i»*d. but tha princa'* anger 
 waa app«a*ad by Anna aa*uring i»im that 
 bar uldat waa not a firae gift, but had baan 
 •ttilan firuin har.(*) 
 
 Tlia raflonniliatlon of tha lorcra waa 
 a fraah aiihjai't of aorrow to Wolaay. 
 But how ei»nie ha to ha »till at tha haad 
 of affWraf Tha Uktng of Roma by tha 
 Impariallai* wiu looked on U an ev*nl that 
 might dsairoy tha "quillbrium of Europa. 
 Bngland *tood itill m naad of tha oartlinal'a 
 ganiua to oontinua tha arbltraaa of tha 
 world. Wolaay'a work waa not «nlahad. 
 Ha waa aoeotrdingly k»pt in ofRoa to ao- 
 coinpliah it, andpwhapa t« prepara a way 
 for tba tUrorca. 
 
 (•) Bandara. Wyatt waa not banUhad tha 
 ooart, aa thia hlaiortan aayi 
 
 i*\ Hr. loon took an opportunity of ra- 
 Droaohiitx Anne Bolayn wlthgirlng lo*e lokaaa 
 U Wyatt, wU«n tha lady cleMly pro«fid. te Uia 
 graat •atiatkctlon of bar royal lotrar. «ha« *« 
 
 Ublathad baaa «•»^J«•,^|^^d'' jT 
 by aupMior at.«n«th.— Mia* StitoklaBd, IV., 
 
 1». 
 
 CHAPTER XVIIL 
 
 THE SACKINQ Of BOMB.— WW. 
 
 ^ I^jartallata marab on ^-J^rairwi^K ctSLt ^'^'^ 
 
 Tha Wlahnna him «»J«*^»i'^^!!5;ir Jl tha 0^ty.-Da«h of Bo»rbon.-u«kinf oj 
 
 l3;!aiS-HraiM to OntaU-U. wbM way ba ra^angaa hlmarif o« hi. aoamiaa. 
 
 AiTB* tba battla of Havia the 0«rm» 
 Mldiara. whom Frlindalxirg had brought 
 bom tba Black Foraat, apread thamadva* 
 ovar Italy. Badly dkwlplin«Mi, Ul«cl«thed, 
 
 Md woraa fad. tbaj pUtag^i ««» T'tt 
 wbarararthaybanttbrtrrtapa. Tha Pop. 
 
 and tba KniP««» ^^ "n**** **"•" ™I* ""T 
 buT^ ^ dafeat of the Fwneh, 
 
 thay aearcely gava .hem enough to c«l| 
 ud to tba oomplalnta of tbaaa turbolant 
 auztliariaa tba reply e»er waa: •To-morrow." 
 In all the wait of Italy, aa tha lewlar nnuit 
 have remarked, Spaniarda, ImparluUeU, 
 lullana, and Sirta*. inranably ottar tha 
 aama ory, " Monayj" and. In oonaaqoanoa of 
 the de«ciancy of money, theae wura, canted 
 
 •-MlM#' 
 
, and h«r Uh\a*., nr ftlrdW 
 >tan<l«n i« b* to or«tillt<l)i 
 td on th« frknd of bar 
 I in(iul>.'»bla Ui«l Ifviiry 
 in bMHnK .*f ihU priwi 
 rudantly «<ihllMt«d to hU 
 ,nstlon of r«tb»r • Uvtiy 
 r« b«twMn th» moiiuoh 
 'A. but the nrinc«*»BH)(ef 
 AniM M*urtn(( hitn Ui*t 
 » frw Kift, but h»il bMti 
 
 on of lh« Iwftft WM 
 jf torrow to Woltty. 
 
 I to ha atill •! tha h«id 
 UkinR of Rom* by tha 
 toked on u an evanl Uul 
 B •quilibrlufn of Burop*. 
 
 II in naad of tba oartiinal'a 
 oa tha arbltraaa of tba 
 
 work WM not Aniahad. 
 gly kopt in oflloa to •»- 
 pvfakpa to prepara a way 
 
 Vyatt ma not baniabad tha 
 rlan tayi 
 
 lok »n opportunliy of ta- 
 iltyn withgi»lng lo*« lokana 
 « lady cleiirly proved, te tha 
 it bar royal lo»«r, that bar 
 Mtobad from bar, and knt 
 |tb.— Mi« BtiiaUMd, XT., 
 
 T 
 
 uni 5v niNRT nit. 
 
 ur 
 
 It tba approaeb of BowboOi-" 
 ;h anivaa uodar t*^ * walla af 
 ith of Booibon. — t>iiaUn( of 
 sretJu oat In Bonaa.— OlamaBl 
 r ou bla anamlaa. 
 
 ;ave '.bam en<Migh to cMt 
 iplainta of thcae torbalant 
 iplyever waar'To-morrow.'* 
 af Italy, •■ the mular mtut 
 . Spaniarda, Imporiultoto, 
 Ufim, iBTanably ottar tha 
 Mjt" and, in wnaM|iMn<» of 
 f money, tbeae wura, otftiad 
 
 OB on ao a(tanaiv« t aeala, bayond tha 
 AI|Mi, wtra alw«y« barran i)f fnilt, Whan 
 Manimlhan I. wa* <rn tba |iotnt of antanng 
 Milan, tha Hwiaa ran lo ari«it to daiivand 
 tba mnnay dua to tham. and tha Kmp«ror, 
 unablatopay. waa compallad to Uava tsum' 
 barily. At tba tima that tba Mountainarra 
 armed thamaalvaa In obadianoa to th« 
 ■|i|i«bU of Hehiniiar for the puqxxa of aid* 
 loK Nforia, it waa luddenly rumoured that 
 tbry had baltad on tha road, and bad 
 rafiiaa<l to flKhi nntC thay had baan patd.(*) 
 C^arlea, tha aovaralfn of ao many kin^* 
 doma, could not advance lO.fMM) ducata,(*>) 
 and in England tha paopla mutinlod, and 
 ra(^laad to pay a aubaidy, (£iM)0,000) irhlch 
 iroulii rain tha country. Tha Kin^ of 
 Franca, a prlaoner at Madrid, not havlnt( 
 aufltoiant money for bia ranaora waa oora- 
 pallad to laara hia two aona aa hoalagaa. 
 and to ba baUad by Haary VIII. ba.'?ra ba 
 aould laava prUon. Bourbon and i^,nnoy 
 addraaaad thamaaWaa to tba Fopa, a« head 
 of iha laaffua, for money to pay their «(>l- 
 diara. but Clamant, himaalf poor, aaked for 
 tima, aaaamblad hia oardinala, and, aftar 
 much exertion, aent tba conatabia a few 
 tbonaand ducata aufBcient to feed the 
 atarving aoldiary for two or thraa waaka. 
 Than cmma complainta mora bitter than 
 avar i and U laat marmura wera no longer 
 heard, but thraata ao inaolent tl. .t tha 
 viowoy aarioualy propoaad .'d the i'tiotiff to 
 i)Ut tha iaavrganta to tha eword. it waa 
 than thiU tha Vonatian miniatera, alarmed 
 for tha tranqoUUty of Italy, baaougbt the 
 Pontif to adranea 900,000 aequina,(*) or 
 to prapaia to dtfcad Bona.C) 
 
 (») Sea Obaptariril. 
 
 (*>) Nearly all Chariaa'a raaoareaa came 
 ttom Portu^, than tha waalthleat oountry in 
 the world. He aokaowledfad that without 
 tha aaiiatanoa of tha Queen o4 Portugal, he 
 oould not have takaa poaaeaaion of <'ither 
 Tournai, Milan, Fantanua, or triunipbad over 
 Franoial. (MSfl. Vaap., o. HI., p. 63.) Ha 
 had borrowed tiom Bngland, whan i^ eame to 
 tha throna of Spain, 100,000 florine. and 
 1M).000 crowna, and aa btdamalty of 133,70ft 
 florbia, which ho took to pay annually to 
 Hanry Vill., not a aaqnia of which had been 
 paid for the laat (bur yean. — MSS., lb., 
 
 P-»*- . .. 
 
 (•) Wa hava awvad tha i opo'a HoUnaxa to 
 
 taka haad, and to dafbnd himaait fbr (hat we 
 
 aao BO other lama^.— Rnaaall'a latter to Wol- 
 
 iay.-M88. Vl».rB. DC., p. aa. ^ ' , 
 
 («) Caaali'a Lattera, 1M7, lat and »id of 
 
 Affil-MMii., ib., p. 88 
 
 namant ia an adniii~<>btttrapr««#ntaitTaof 
 tha Ma<l'iia of tha Uagr, eueh aa Ma<;ht. 
 avvtli and nulcrlardtni have described | 
 Mckle and changeable, «vr M«king aflar 
 f^h idaaa, but abandoning tN«m aa aoon 
 aa diacovared i vanlurteouxt and bold in hia 
 prnjecta, but irreaoluta whan tha tliM« fo> 
 aoling arrived s aujpleloua aa well of man aa 
 of the future ; (wpabla of ^'iverning blinealf, 
 but innapable of ma«terin)( hia own itniHflna* 
 tlon I obetinate to atubHorn leaa. and y«t, if 
 raquirid toaurmoivn' an olMiacle, timid to 
 waakneea,~-pr«lendinK to Judge the world, 
 and frightened at the alighteat oppoaiiion i 
 and yet allowing himwulf to bn aa eaaily do- 
 oairad aa a ohtldi indilTarant to good or bad 
 fortune, to piraawra aa well aa to graatnaaa, 
 geaeroua and libaral to a fault, and at timaa 
 aoonomiral to araricai ever eaaking for 
 tn»h alliancoa, and ready to brnak through 
 troatiaa which ha had repentad ol harion 
 oontractodi in a word, a eouthem aoal 
 which could ba aa eaaily Ud aa intiml- 
 datod.(«) 
 
 Clement wna alarmed at tha ooo- 
 atable'a tummonai wa pitrdon bim hia 
 anilety. One of tha Qerman generala waa 
 that Frilndaherg, who had awom that h« 
 would taka back to Germany the Fopa'a 
 akin. Luther had thua addr«aa«d thia body 
 of banditti in hia " Warning to tha Oar- 
 mana :" " The Pope of Rome ia no longer a 
 eaint, but tha graateat ainner in eiiatanoa i 
 hia throna ia not aealed in heaven but oaUitd 
 to the gataa of hell. Who gave him power 
 to exalt himaalf abova God, and to 
 trample Hia praeapta and Hia eoromand* 
 menta under foot) Priaea, be maatwi 
 the aupreme power which tha Popa 
 aierciaea at Route ho haa atolen from yon. 
 We are no longer any thing elaa than tba 
 aUvea of oonaeoratad tyranta. Wa bear tha 
 title and arma of tha ampin i tha Popa haa 
 iu tiaaaorea ; for ua tha alraw and for hUa 
 the com."(*i 
 
 Bourbon'a aoldiara, weary of aatinf 
 •Haw, wiahad for tha guiden oom hoardad 
 
 (•) Hia Holinaea ia anbject to a ramaiftaMa 
 timidity, not to aay pnaUuaimity : wMeh, bi- 
 deed, it appeaia to ma, ia commonly tha eaaa 
 in Fioienunea. Thia timidity rendeia hia 
 Holineaa very irreaolnfta.'^nriano, Ral., dl 
 l»83. 
 
 (t) An den cbrlatUchen Add deulacbor 
 Nation, von dar chitotlichaa Staadea Baaaamag. 
 
 1. a 
 
ia 
 
 ur« or 
 
 «p in hM U«»lliwi«* •u>rM. Th^jr c«»M to 
 mtiMi «h« f^lrurtlJ- hymn* of lh«ir po«« 
 lluttnti Hl»lii«( thiM* kntolml pmUlM 
 wba treato'l Um UvriMn* u moka and 
 groom* ((•) »h«tr MUon«l priJ« wm •i«»- 
 p*r*U<i ai «h« \t»rm nun^uibrsBr* of tha 
 kMulta •hleh tha <J«rm«n Pojia. who had 
 lltlad by Uka ao acoutttil ahada on Iha 
 Oulf «/r SI. Paiar. ha.1 auffarad. Tha Uina 
 had now arrivad whan tha man of tha Houth 
 would li« mada to atona fo< li'» inaulU t.. 
 Um man o* tha North. " To K«m« I to 
 Roma I" wM Ihalr cry at tha Urmtnation of 
 Ihair miirnlnK and avtntn^ prayar, and a« 
 Uiair "Fathar in Ood" had approaeh«a 
 Worma linxinR. ao ihay alto aan« an thajr 
 OMrehad Into tha Holy City, not tha cantmla 
 ••JTy {''(Mti* a/orfr«M." but that wild war aoDg. 
 " Mannat, aonnaa trompattaa 
 B<innsi, touai I'aMaull 
 ' Approchoi »"• miirini, 
 
 Abattai fM» miir»lll»», 
 Tuiu Ik* binna doa liomaiiia 
 On la«U»r« aiH)illa«e"('') 
 Wbnt oould Clamant do at tha approach 
 of Bourbon, Frundabarg, and all ihoaa 
 miarraanU who inada no aacrat of ihalr 
 diabolical intanilotii if th»y •uccf'^ lad in 
 ttklnii poaa«*«ion of Rome K*) Cunning, 
 tbraata, prayara, in a word, avery aipadient 
 aogKeatMl by deapair or waaknaaa, waa had 
 racouraa to i ho had no olhar arma. Ac- 
 cording M ha waa influenced by fear or 
 hope, ha arouaed tha an«er or aolicUed the 
 help ttf tha Emperor, maaterat that time of 
 Itoly. If Ch»rlea aceuaad Clement of in- 
 gratitude. Clement, in retut n. complained 
 of bia Inaaliable avatlca ("«) For a moment 
 tha Pontiff turned bia eyea toward* Bng- 
 lud, but Henry refuaed the tlUa of Pro- 
 netor of a League which Clement had Juat 
 formed, in conjunction with Sforaa, Duke 
 of Mdan, and tha Republioa of Venice and 
 riMvaca, to aava tha Italian independ- 
 Mca. In vain did ha appeal to the gana- 
 roaity of Franoia, againat whom he had not 
 long ainca enUred into a league j the king 
 «ould give him no aid. What could he do 
 
 (t\ See Adolf MUllet'a Leben dea Braraiua. 
 (b) Turner. ThU pi«ce i» pteaerred by 
 
 ""jS^SIJike aknowUd«ea, that it waa only 
 •It^-tha BalUe cf I'atia that Frttndaban con- 
 «|Md the prcjeot of attacking Bona. 
 <<•) PallavioinL 
 
 IHBT vtn 
 
 •I thla orttkal momanlP Charlaa. aflar 
 Ood. rould alon* •a<r* him i h« impUwMl 
 hia aid (•) But CharUa had not auflli^^nl 
 miHiay Ut arraat, «>« thatr .mward inarch, 
 ihM howl* of barhailana. who would ear. 
 tajnly bare died of atayvatlon, ka<i not th* 
 Duke of Farrara. acting againat hIa duty 
 iHith aa a ChrtatUMi and a [lairiot. rom* to 
 Ihair aaiiatanceO Clement woulil. al tha 
 laat roomeni, hare given iha monty, ha<l 
 not til* Knallah ambaaaador* urgad him to 
 k**p It until Ih* (1— nana had croaaad th* 
 Alpa. In what way can we a»pUin tkU 
 eitraordlnary eand«Ml of tha Knglith 
 agent*, when we find them m th«lr aacrei 
 diapatoha* aaaerting thai even th* amperot 
 had uo contrid ov*r the** man f(«) Tb'Y 
 were delighted at tha flrtitinua courage 
 which tbia "timid" Pope, aa they called 
 Clamant, ahowad al their inaligatiom If 
 war continued to deaolatt tha eountiy, it 
 waa in rona*<|uanc« of their having urged 
 the Pontiff to a foolhardy re*latance.(i') 
 Every thinrf t«ide to prove that faithful to 
 tha inatructiona of the court, they apurred 
 Clement on to an unequal atruggle, and, in 
 caa* of hia defeat, tliey inUndad to pur- 
 ohaae hia conaant to the divorce at the 
 price of an armed intervention In favour of 
 the Holy Bee. Anne Boleyn'a influence 
 waa felt even in Italy i for her tha unha|fpy 
 Puntifl" waa deceived i for her Hume *x(ioa«d 
 to tha fury of the Uarraana -, for her tho 
 paaoa of tha world aacriflead. 
 
 Betnyad by treaeheroua advice, ClemanI 
 immediately levied an army of a few 
 thouaand aoldiera, who wer« eant to atop 
 tho enemy in tha* prograaa. ITiey were 
 at laat going to break iha yoke under 
 
 (•) Ungaid. , . 
 
 (I) If hia array had not rMMlvad 
 
 victual* and oth*r n«;e**arl«* ttom Ferrara, 
 they could not have remained there two daya. 
 — Sacco di Hoaaa. attrlbatad to Luifi Oulcol- 
 ardini, quoted by Turner. 
 
 (f ) We lilao think that it lleth not In (ha 
 emperor** power to cauae tha lance-knight* 
 »ncf Spaniard* to go <mi of Italy.— M88. vit , 
 B. IX, P.M. 
 
 (h) It la not to be thought little, conaidering 
 the Pope'a fearful nature to have returHtd him 
 Into th* war : bnt he hath detirMl u*, aiuce m 
 Imvt bro-ight him thu* fur, to •dv*rti*e a» wall 
 M the klng'a higkneae, aa alao Ibe French 
 king of hia neeeaalty; and their help not 
 wanting In wboaa franiaae he tfU*la.~.Ml:). 
 Vlt, B. UL, ^ «. 
 
Urt 99 NMM VIM. 
 
 I4t 
 
 ftMNIlP CIlWriM, •timf 
 
 •v« hlnii ha linpk»r«4 
 
 n (b«ir tmwtnl »«r«h, 
 MMim, who wuulii or* 
 t*«»v«tinn, h«<i not lh« 
 tftinH •KitlMl hU liiiljr 
 kiitl • |«irliil, r«>m« lo 
 t'UiiMnt woulil, •! (H« 
 divan lh« money, h«<l 
 bMmdon urK«d him to 
 -itMM lud croaitd lh« 
 ly ewi w« •ipUin iki» 
 lu«l of lh« Kniilith 
 n<l iham in th»it M<r«i 
 I ih«i •vtn lh« tmparot 
 ir lh«M mart K*) Thay 
 tha flriitioua coura«a 
 " Pop«, M th«y callad 
 at thair ln«lic»tu)ni If 
 dtaolatt (ha ouunlry, il 
 m o( thair baTtnff uriftd 
 uol-bMrdy raala«anca.(''> 
 lo prura (hat faithful (o 
 (he court, (hay apurrad 
 inM{uitl atruKKla. and, in 
 , thay intendad to pur- 
 s to the divorce at tlia 
 intervention in favour of 
 inne Boleyn'a iiiAuence 
 if I for her tha unh»|ipy 
 d( for her Rome ax()oa«d 
 a Uarmane -, for her iho 
 liMiifleed. 
 
 leheroua Mivlce, Clement 
 I as umj of • few 
 , who ware eant to atop 
 it profffeea. lliay were 
 break the yoke under 
 
 lie army had not received 
 ni<«eae4rl<8 from Ferrara, 
 ) remataMKi there two dayc. 
 attributed to Luifi Oulcci- 
 'utner. 
 
 nk that It lleth not in (he 
 > cauae the Uni'e-knifhU 
 joulof Italy.— MH8. v*it, 
 
 « thought little, (xmsidering 
 lature to have reiitrntd kim 
 e hath deaired ua, liuce wr 
 hue fur, to advartiae ai well 
 hneae, ae aho Ibe Frrnich 
 leity; and their help not 
 inaaiaee he tf«a(a.~M8:4. 
 
 #yeli the Piepacy had eo W»f e..el«ved 
 (ietmanyi full at Ihetr l.««lUer, they epuke 
 of ruinlnn that eity where enttrhrm had 
 eeiabllthe^l hie eeat. ITre n<Mn«(il bad 
 arrived to pluck the Fapal tiara from hie 
 fofiiee, lo plaije it on the head of their 
 ewperur.(») FruudeUtij'. .m.iip n;*einWed 
 the hiwtlery of the BUrh Ka^U. ai Wii- 
 tamlierg, whoee walle reeoundail with the 
 ribald lauchter of Ihoee who denuuneed the 
 I'apacy a* the " ilaughlar of hell." How 
 deligliie'l would tlie Maion monk have been 
 with the .oldiere of FrUn.Uberg. Jacob 
 Ziegler, who had for a length of time been 
 employed in the Roman Chancery, placed 
 hliiurir lifter hie ajHHiacy at the diejioeal of 
 Uouftwn. and wa« ordered lo draw u|) the 
 a|ieechea, corree|Mmdenoe, nnd di»|)aicb»e 
 of the ccmetable.C*) No eooner hrre the 
 newe reaohe<l the German camp ibal the 
 Pon'iAcal troope were in movement than an 
 immenae about waa heard of " To Home! 
 to Roma I" A heavy fall of enow ob- 
 etmcud the paaeage through Doiogna j 
 Boiubon conaequently went by Cotlgnuola, 
 and paaeiog rB(>idly by Han Pietro In Borgo, 
 on lath April, Ifta7, "lept at Han Htefano, 
 on the banha of the Piave.(« The army 
 had auffered oonelderably from thirat and 
 hunger in Itt march acroaa the Alpa » their 
 food coniitted of graae, burieil under the 
 anow, dry leave* and tbietlee. which ihey 
 found growing near tha ditchee, and their 
 drink wee water obUlned from the rivera. 
 But none of them murmured at their diatreaa. 
 aince they were urged on by the Monk of 
 Wittemberg ; they awoke from their aleep 
 with tha cry of " To Rome 1" and want to 
 raat ringiog, " Sommn trompHUt." 
 
 Hia Hollneae' lieutenant gave the ilret 
 notice of the atipeamnce of the enemy. At 
 Rome they endeavoured lo atop their further 
 progreaa by oChring them money, but the 
 barbariaua wen too exacting In their de- 
 mands. At flret, they required 60,000 
 ducaU. then 100,000. aflarwerda 150,000, 
 wd, aa their horeaa advanced further in the 
 snow, 900,000 and 300,000 duoaU t Henry 
 
 (a) Jacob Zlegler, AcU paparum urlU 
 Roioui. M88. 
 
 (b) Schelhom, da tUH •( Miiplin Jaeobl 
 BiMleri. 
 
 (•) Tuner. 
 
 wee hep* •« eeeraaf wilh tha tMmft 
 movemenia by hia a«il.a.ea<lor (^) Al • 
 .liatanre, they might have beim Uken f«* • 
 hof.U of ihoee Van.lale whom Ood had 
 formerly uaed aa an iiialru<n#«l i<» ehaatiea 
 guilty natlona. When eloee at han<l, (hey 
 r,M!<)*.>>«<l one of (hoee rnaa<(ii«ra<lee which 
 may Imi eeen in Italy at tha Cawlrsl. Each 
 aiiUlier wore any coetume he pleaaed. Soma 
 had on the ih.iie of wild bea.w i othere 
 wore eaeeoak* or dalmalice ae eUiaWe. 
 Rome had doiineil the .u'plke over iheir 
 breaet-pleteet ovhera, the uUcli habit of Iha 
 AuKuetiniant i and othere again, the while 
 habit of the aone of Ml. Domlnlcli. I'heif 
 arine Iwre the aame appeeranoe ac ihelr 
 clothea Home earned clubs i otheia 
 Uncee, "n fuel long i some eworde i othere 
 bowe. rue oonfueion of longuee waa no 
 laee atiilimg i for Uerman. UiUlan, Hpanieh, 
 and I'raiK^h, might have baen heard spukM 
 in Bourb«."'* eamp. 
 
 From Hen Htefkno. the constable manaeed 
 both the banke of ihe Artio end the 
 'Fiber. Homo and Florence. In November, 
 I5a«, FrUndaherg had revieweil hie troop*, 
 amounting to 11.000, in the Place dit 
 Dftme. at M<r«n, in ihe Tyrol,{*) At 
 Han Htefano. the bwly under hie eom- 
 mand amounUd to 1H,000 infantry. 3,600 
 rat airy, and 13,000 men of diffsreni 
 •rm*.(') A great number of Italians. M» 
 tracte.1 by the hope of plunder, daily Joined 
 the oonatablee'e force«.(») Never had luly 
 been mora alarmed einoe the deecent of tha 
 barbariane. Ttiey burned and deetroyed 
 all that came In their way. Bdiacee, eacred 
 and profane, imagea of rainU. alatuaa and 
 picturea, fell a saoriflre to iho fury of theaa 
 enraged barbarians.(^) Cardinal Cam. 
 peggio, confined to hia bad with a At of 
 
 (4) The flrsi demand and appoinlnenl mada 
 here with the Pope, waa of bO.OOO ducats, 
 wliioli would not dot but they demanded 
 lOU.UUO ; and while tney treated Itarther Ihey 
 •nkod l&U.UUO, and now iiicreaaing, are now 
 come to 3(^),ilti0, and tho furiheet to be paid ia 
 aic daye. bngiiih ainbaaaador'a letter U) Wal' 
 Bay, Mth Mept.-M8iJ. Vit., B. IX., p. 97. 
 
 [•) Hormayr** Archiv. 
 
 [') Letter from PInrenoe, STlh A^.— 
 
 Id. Vit.. B. IX.. p. W. 
 
 it) Turner.— Saeco dLRoma. 
 h) Engliah Amh. Utter.— MStk Vit. ■., 
 IX, p. lOU. 
 
% 
 
 150 
 
 LIFK OF HBKRT Till. 
 
 i<oiit, troM to prophecy to Cardinal Wolwy, 
 tl. ij, Uome would soon be destroyed unlet* 
 Qod nieed up another Leo to arrent the 
 pragreu of this new Attila. "These men, 
 who have descended into our beautiful 
 country, can never have been baptiied. 
 They are Mahometans, Moora, Jew8."(») 
 "More cruel than the Turks," wrote in 
 their turn the English ambaMadors, " the 
 Germans destroy every thinR. Wo saw 
 tiiem thrust a crucifix into a priest's brains, 
 and then bam them both ; and we after- 
 wards saw them flay another priest alive, (<>) 
 They have already destroyed in churohes. 
 abbeys, monasteries, and private houses, 
 more than the value of a million of gold."(<) 
 . Faithful to their instructions, the English 
 ambaMadors urged on the unhappy PontifT, 
 - who eageriy listened to their MUggeHtions, 
 •ad with the hope of being supplied with 
 men and arms £rom England, as they had 
 promised him, continued the preparations 
 for derence,(<i) while the Duke of Ferrara 
 excited '.he Germana to punish his Holiness' 
 ifflbiVious obstinaey.(*) After a demon- 
 stration aga-nst Florence and Arerso, the 
 oonsUble marahed (asth April. 1527) 
 agunst Rome > it was the same rof d aa that 
 which Luther had Uken fifteen years before, 
 when, by order of Staupiti, he visited the 
 Eternal City. On the 3nd May, Bourbon 
 arrived at Viterbo, whence be drove before 
 him the Papnl troops whom Clement had 
 sent agunst them, under the command of 
 Ranuccio Famese; and in the evening 
 encamped on Monte Mario,(') where the 
 
 (a) 28th April, M88. Vit, p. 101. 
 
 (b) These men work more cruelly than the 
 Turks, destroyinK and burning houses of 
 relifion and all others, as tbey pass, and oon- 
 •tramiog men and fryers to be t<M;ether; thrast- 
 iiiK into a priest's brains a crucins, thoy burnt 
 both the priest and it, and flaved another.— 
 English &ivoy's dispatca.— MBS. Vitel.. B. 
 IX., p. 97. 
 
 (s) In ohnruhes, cruciflxee, monastenes, 
 abbeys, and houses, buminB to the value uf a 
 miUion of cold.— M8S. ib., p. 93. 
 
 («) I promise you that his Holinesa la fir»- 
 jMM* teto eord§ ad btlhm aerUer agmAum.— 
 Letter to Woleey, S5th April, 1537.— M88. 
 VUeU, B. IlL, p. iOO. 
 
 (•) The anth JT dtl laeeo ktimatea that Fer- 
 nmmi^thave been conciliated, and speaks 
 at the ^'oitiaatteM di eiemento" and "Vam- 
 tatism dalla ohiasa" aa preventing it.— Turner. 
 
 (t> Baalw. 
 
 I^aliarum had appeared to Constantine the 
 Uruat. At sunset the constable might per- 
 ceive the cupolas of Rome, St. Paul, 
 the Vatican, St. John Lateran, the (gardens 
 of Siillust, the Ponte Mole, and the yellow 
 waters of the Tiber. On the morrow {5th) 
 at dawn, a herald summoned the Pope to 
 surrender ihe city to her legitimate master, 
 Charies V. j Clement bid him retire unless 
 he wished to be shot. Rome was incapable 
 of sustaining s siege ; her fortifications 
 were bad ; overlooked by seven hills, she 
 might be easUy burned j aCity of PriesU and 
 Monks, she could not depend on the cbu- 
 rage of men better adapted for prayer than 
 fighting. In the studios around the Vatican 
 eoveral artista were working in the evening, 
 who would have willingly aacriftced their 
 lives to have preserved a picture or a statue ; 
 but they fleJ before dawn, leaving to the 
 mercy of the hubarians a few half-finished 
 paintings and unseulptured marbles. When 
 Florence had been menaced, the goldsmithe, 
 the silk, and other merchants, and acrow.l 
 of artisans flocked to her defence j but at 
 Rome, every one that lived in eaae and 
 luxury belonged to the oourt.(«) The con- 
 stable employed the 6th in making the 
 necessary preparations for the scaling of 
 the walla. In the evening, he collected bis 
 troops on a mcuntidii, then beautifully 
 shaded as it ia now, with those lovely 
 Italian vines sang of by Virgil,- and in sight 
 of the Great City addressed bia men. His 
 apeech waa like that of a leader cf banditti, 
 who, to inflame his comradeA' courage, 
 referred neither to glory nor to prosperity, 
 but used metaphors comprehended by 
 men aocuatom«id to murder and pillage. 
 He pointed to those splendid edificea 
 then in view, to those churohft* sparkling 
 in the dying rays of the aun with their 
 preoioua atones, thoae palaces nude of 
 gold, those vilUfl filled with valuable 
 fiimitaie. " All this wealth belonga to 
 you," said Bourbon; "your Martin Luther 
 haa promiaed it to you.(>>) Stretch forth 
 
 (f) TLe Rom«n* were persuaded that the 
 emperor would take Rome, and maku it hia 
 residence, and that then they would eiyoy the 
 same advantages aa they did under the govein- 
 mentof aiedergy.— Vettori, Sacco di Roma. 
 
 (hi De Rossi. The mo»t circumstantial, as 
 w^ u the moat anthentio detaila nspootiag 
 
 • »".. ' 
 
ured to Conttsntine th« 
 lie constable miKlit per- 
 o( Rome, St. Paul, 
 tn Lateraiii the (;ardeni 
 ;e Mole, and tlie yellow 
 On the morrow (6tb) 
 aummoned the Pope to 
 
 her legitimate master, 
 It bid him retire unless 
 ;. Rome was incapable 
 ege ; her fortifications 
 ed by seven hills, she 
 lediaCityofPriesUuid 
 )ot depend on the oOu- 
 •dapted for prayer than 
 dioB around the Vatican 
 working in the evening, 
 rillingly aacrificed their 
 'ed a picture or a statue ; 
 re dawn, leanug to the 
 rians a few half-finished 
 dptured marbles. When 
 lenaced, the goldsmiths, 
 merchants, and aoro\v<i 
 to her defence; but at 
 that lived in ease and 
 theoourt.(*) The con- 
 lie Sth in making the 
 one for the scaling of 
 Bvening, he ooUectod bia 
 itain, then beautifully 
 low, with those lovely 
 f by Virgil,- and in sight 
 iddressed his men. His 
 it of a leader cf banditti, 
 his comndeA' courage, 
 glory nor to prosperity, 
 lors comprehended by 
 to murder and pillage, 
 bose splendid edifices 
 hose churohft* sparkling 
 
 1 of the aun with their 
 (hose palaces nuda of 
 ) filled with valuable 
 this wealth belongs to 
 n{ "your Martin Luther 
 o you.O>) Stretch forth 
 
 were persuaded that the 
 e Rome, and make it Us 
 then they would eiyey the 
 they did under the goveia- 
 — Vettori, Sacco di Roma, 
 rhe most circumstantial, ai 
 nthentio details cespooiiac 
 
 UTB or HIMHT VIII. 
 
 151 
 
 your hands and uke them j for, recollect, 
 behind you are hunger and poverty." 
 
 At the time that the consUble's array 
 was bivouacking on Monte Mario, a friar 
 of the name of John Baptist, was running 
 throughthe sirectsof Rome, cryingout, " Do 
 penance, for the d»y of the Ix)rd is at hand." 
 The Protest ant hititorians who mention this 
 religious, tiescribe hiui aa having hollow 
 cheeks, disorder,* 1 clothes, and as being a 
 copvist of the Dominican Savonarola.(») 
 Having arrived opposite St. Pater's, he 
 ascended an alcove, aiiove which was a 
 figure of that apostle, and thence cried 
 aloud to the gaping multitude around 
 him, " Do penance, or yoa will die, all 
 whoever you are j cardinal^, priesU, nobles, 
 and you people, Jo penance, for the wrath 
 of the Lord wiU soon be poured out on 
 you. And thott a'r o, Pope, who etaltest 
 •thyself above God, and who sittest in the 
 temple of God, thou who damnest and 
 savest, as if thou hadst heaven in thy 
 hands. tro*^»hou penance." When he had 
 deaoended fVom bis temporary pulpit, some 
 of th«> genUemen sUnding about slruok 
 him in the face, and drove him away, but 
 John Baptist still con'^inued to prophecy, 
 As he would not b« silent, the, Swiss guard 
 arrested him, and as they were conducting 
 him to priaon, he waved lus hand over the 
 ci*y, 01 if he wUhed to curse her, and then 
 exdaimed, " Woe to thee, Rome I Woe to 
 re, her oitiaene !" Then turning round to 
 bia guards, said, " Do you remember the 
 
 the stcktog of Reme, ta to be found in '• M»- 
 ^ .torfcfc* dH primal "T^rr^J^ 
 
 UUe. ws^published in 1776, "Bmm^ 
 ,acco di Soma nM aiwo }^^lj^^jl 
 
 '^ilrtaUon of OJ««P» B^^r^? 
 onlv a reproduction of Book II. of G^o- 
 SSdtoi, which describes this remarkable 
 otTa very cursory perusal of the narraUve 
 S UOs historiin will convince tte wadei that 
 die account nven by Gnicciardmi is entirely 
 tSenfcom the nnpublished meniou. of De 
 BMri, which were published aaerward. (m 
 
 1837) at Rome. „ _ „ _ 
 
 C.\ Reisoier, Hetni Oeorgim von Frflns- 
 >^Kriefitkatea~V,. 112.113. 
 
 example of Micaiah. Heiekiah struck 
 him in the face, and the king had him pu< 
 in irons. I swear to you that the lord will 
 leave his holy place where he dwells, and 
 will descend from heaven to trample under 
 foot all that is great on earth, and I shall 
 not long be your prisoner. '(•') 
 
 At dawn, on Monday, (flth May), the 
 Imperialists deucendod from Monte Mario 
 in great confusion, the ca airy being 
 mingled with the infantry, and more like a 
 body of banditti rushing down to attack 
 an isolated farm than a regular body of 
 soldiers. They could not besiege Rome, 
 as they had been compelled to leave their 
 cannon covered with anow at the foot of 
 the mountains, but they hoped to succeed 
 by a COUP de viain, with the aid 6f a few 
 hundred ri»pe-ladders, which they had 
 planted during the night. When their 
 rope was exhausted they used some wiU 
 lows, Krowing in the vicinity of the villa*. 
 The Germans gained possession of the 
 Porta Portese, and the Spaniards that of 
 Santo 3pii ito. Frlindsberg was not among 
 the as-jailants t attacked with a fit of apo- 
 plexy whilst endeavouring to padfy hie 
 soldiers, he fell from his horse to rite 
 no more, having round his neck the 
 irold chain with which he intended to 
 strangle the Pope, "because honour is due 
 to every lord, and much more ao to the 
 Head of Christ8ndom."(o) Philip Sturm 
 had suocfeded him in the command of the 
 lancors. A thick haie concealed the move- 
 ments of the enemy from the sentinel 
 posted in the dome of Si Peter's to watch 
 them.(««) Thi Duke of Bourbon was at 
 the head of the Spaniards with a willow 
 ladder in his hand. To be recognised by 
 his men he wore » white wMstcoat ovei* his 
 steel breaat-plate.(*) The Germans met 
 with no opposition antU they reached the 
 ancient walla wluch defen^.d the city. 
 Claudius Seidenstickerwaathefirat to scale 
 the nunparu, brandiahing his sword ovear 
 his head. He was followed by Micha«l 
 Hartmann and a few of the more active 
 
 (b) Ich werd niclit la»« euer Gefimgeaar 
 win, Ir werdtauchnichtlaugttber miehOannli 
 haben.— Id. ib. 
 
 (e) BrantSme. 
 
 (A)Ranke. . " 
 
 (a) Tamai; 
 
 — Ml' . . ' 
 
 X— 
 
150 
 
 tlin OV BBRBl Tilt 
 
 § 
 
 
 Unoan. Th« rof^'. liutead of elaulng off, 
 bac*ma more dent^ u if Ood (to at l«Ht 
 thought lotna of th« ditciplet of tha new 
 goepel) had concealed hiniaelf in the cloud to 
 guide theae new lmelitaa.(*) Bourbon 
 planted hie ladder near the Porta del Spirito 
 Santo { after haring climbed up a wall about 
 a cubit high, he was in the act of jumping 
 on a piece of land wetted by the rain, when 
 luddenly a clang of a body waa heard, and 
 that rattling noiee peculiar to a dying per- 
 son. Bourbon had been ahot in the aidb 
 hf, according to aome writera, a prieat.O*) 
 an artiat of great renown, Benvenuto 
 Cellini, if we are to credit the Florentin' 
 goldamith ;(<')but whether it were a priea* or 
 %a artiat that ahot the fatal bullet, the juat 
 anger of God waa avenged. Captain Jonas 
 covered the conaUble'a body with his cloak 
 and had it conveyed to the atcpa of St. 
 Peter^a.C*) where he breathed hia last 
 gaap, amid the criea of " Blood ! Blood !" 
 reiterated bj the Sp«narde.(«) 
 
 The walla were aoaied in an inatant, 
 the PorU Porteae. and Del Spirito 
 
 ra) Ranke. 
 
 (b) BrantAme. 
 
 (0) •• Wti came to the wall of (he Oampo 
 Suto, and there we aaw this wonderful army, 
 which waa already uaing all iu efforts to 
 enter. At the part of the wall, where we met, 
 were many young men of thoae without lying 
 iiad, where the flehting wu most desperate, 
 and there was as thick a cloud aa oae could 
 Unaeine ; so I turned to Alexander, and said, 
 -■« Let ua withdraw to the nearest house possible, 
 Jte that ia oar only hope of safety. You see 
 kow thoae mount the wallb, and theae flee." 
 TU) aaid Alexander, helna terrified, aaid, 
 ** WooUl to Qod that we had not come ;" and 
 90 fal t***^ axciteiBent turned round to go 
 away. I atow^ him, saying, " Since you 
 bav* >«owdit us hither, we must do somethmg 
 vofthy of asen;" and I pointed my arquebnse, 
 ^ilMm I saw the thickest and cloeest group of 
 flomhataitT) and took mi exact aim at one whom 
 I aaw davated above the rest, the thickneaa 
 «f the oloud preTcnting my aeeing whether he 
 «■§ oa iMiMMhack or on foot. I tmddenly 
 i4 te Aloxaader and Cecchino, and told 
 I to In off their arouebuaea ; and I ahowed 
 . Iww to do ao, mlhout being struck by 
 SHhing of the besiegna. Thia having been 
 0M« at twice. I looked carefoUv out 
 
 Etibe wall, and I aaw an extraordinary 
 t balsv, which aiose &ov one of our 
 dH«a lutviav kiUed Bowboit; and it waa ha, 
 MlaftemndalearaVthat 1 fliat aaw laieed 
 jdww dw rat.''— Avtobiogikphy oT Bmmmato 
 
 Hm eoMiAlars body 
 
 Santo broken open, the Swiaa, who 
 offered an ineffectual reaiatanoe, killed, or 
 repulaed, and the Borgo entered. From 
 Adrian'a Mole, where Clement had taken 
 refuge, the prancing of tha enemiea' atseda, 
 the crie* of the fugitivea, and the 
 joyous aoclamationa of the conqnerora 
 could be dlatinctly heard. After having 
 traveraed the Bridge of Ht. Angelo, 
 the Bpaniarda spread themselves through 
 the city. The Piaiaa Navona was their 
 rendeavoua, and the Piaiia del Campo 
 Fiore that of the Imperialiata, both at 
 
 ^ centre of the commercial wealth 
 of tha city. Thence, at the given aignalr they 
 atarted to pilUtge aud rob. The Germans, 
 half atarved, only thought of eating. 'l*hey 
 broke into the wine vaulta and huatelriea, 
 and ate and drank as much aa they could, 
 and, when thoroughly intoxicated, com- 
 menced the work of plunder. • They wanted 
 gold and jewela, and ancceeded in getting 
 ao large a quantity, that in the evening they 
 amused themaelvea with playing for 200 
 orowna at every caat of the die. 'llie loaev 
 left the party, broke into a houae, and aoon 
 returned loaded with spoil, which he threw 
 on tha drum, that being the carpet around 
 which the playera were aasembled, and the 
 game recommenced. Stretched on a litter 
 made of cardinab' robea, the ImperiaUsU 
 aent for "The Black Prophet." John 
 Baptist joined hia hosU in drinking wine, 
 until bein^; intoxicated he expreaaed a wish 
 to preach, aud, on silence being proclaimed, 
 he thua eonimenced : " My dear oomradea," 
 aaid the monk, on aeeing At ecarlet oas- 
 aocke covered with mud, paatoral oroaaea 
 hanging suapended on the necka of lancen, 
 wooden roearies m the handa of dninkeo 
 Ml(fien, gold and aihrer eiborie paaaing 
 flrom one to another, 4IIed with wine in Ilea 
 of a eap;, " my dear comradea, rob and 
 
 pUIage all that yon can meat with," and 
 
 then recommenced drinking.(0 
 
 waa at fltst interred in the Sixdne Chape) 
 (Ranke), andafterwarda conveyed to GaCU. 
 The IbUowing inscription waa placed on Boor- 
 b>9BV^tomh :.— 
 
 Attoto imperio, Oalio victo, 
 SiqpeiatA Itali*, pontUce obaeaao, 
 
 Roma capta, 
 Canloa Borboniua in viotavia amm», 
 Hie jacet. 
 (t) Harm OcorgeD von Frttsdaberg Kiiap- 
 Oaten, by Beiaanor. 
 
pen, the S*!fiH, who 
 itl reiiitanoe, killad, or 
 
 BorKo entered. Froia 
 tiere Clement hwl taken 
 g of tha ecemiei' iteedi, 
 B fugitive!, and the 
 ns of the conqueron 
 J heaird. Aft«r having 
 ri(l)ta of Ht. Angelo, 
 ead theroielvee through 
 iaiM Navona wai their 
 :hfl Piaiia del Campo 
 Iinperialiita, both at 
 ;he oommercial wealth 
 I, at the given signalr they 
 lud rob. The German*, 
 bought of eating. 'l*hey 
 ne vaults and huatelriaa, 
 
 aa much aa thejr could, 
 ighly intoxicated, com- 
 f plunder. • They wanted 
 nd ancceeded in getting 
 ', that in the evening they 
 !8 with playing for 200 
 lat of the die. 'llie loeer 
 ke into a house, and looii 
 ith apoil, which he thrmr 
 
 being the carpet around 
 were aisembled, and tba 
 id. Stretched on a littor 
 ' robes, the ImperiaUata 
 Black Prophet." John 
 I hoata in drinking wine, 
 »ted he ezprcMied a with 
 silence being proclaimed, 
 d : " My dear oomradea," 
 a seeing the scarlet oaa* 
 th mud, pastoral croasea 
 id on the necka of lanceri, 
 in the hands of drunken 
 d sihrer eiborie paasing 
 n. 4ned with wine in liaa 
 dear comrades, rob and 
 on can meat with," and 
 d drinking.O 
 
 red in the Sixtine Chapa) 
 rwards conveyed to Gaita. 
 ription was placed on Boor^ 
 
 ip«nrio, Oalio vieto, 
 
 k, pontiilce obasaso, 
 
 oasa capta, 
 
 tonius in viotoria o«bm^ 
 
 lie jacet. 
 
 len von FrOndsberg Kiiap- 
 
 r. 
 
 ItVK OF HINBT VITI. 
 
 IH 
 
 T 
 
 Satiated with meat and wine, and excited 
 by the (larkneaa nf the night, they conceived 
 the idea of a maKquerade, with flambeaux, 
 in derision of that captive pap-icy which 
 they believed they had for ever destroyed. 
 Asses were brounht, on which rode some 
 lancera vest.'d in the cardinals' robes, 
 Wilhelm de Sindiiell, with a f)aper 
 tiara on his head, represented the Pope. 
 On arriving opposite the costlu of San 
 Angelo, the party stopped; the cardinals 
 dismounted, knelt before Handiiell, and 
 kissed his hands and feet, and received his 
 benediction, which he gave with a glass of 
 wine. A voice then exclaimed, " Let us 
 elect a Pope." "Yes," cried othem, "a 
 Pope not created after the image of Clement; 
 a Pope who will obey Casar, a Pope who 
 will not deaire either war or blood."(«) 
 " Luther!" replied the crowd. " Let those 
 who desire that Luther should be Pope 
 hold up their bands," and all lifted up 
 their hands, showting. " Long live Pope 
 Luther (" When about to separate, or;o of 
 the lanoera (Orunenwald) addressed the 
 following words, as a farewell, to the captive 
 Poatitt : " What pleaeure would it give me 
 to embowel thee, thou enemy of God, 
 CsBsar, and the world."(*) During this 
 scene of drunken revelry Clement was 
 praying for his enemies. 
 
 One of the orders of the day forbade 
 
 the soldiers entering the Ghetto armed. 
 
 They spared all those who had not been 
 
 baptised; but the inbabiUuU of tha 
 
 othet rioni, even the partisans of Colonna, 
 
 great enemies of the Pope, were pillaged. 
 
 Guelfs and Ghibclines shared the same 
 
 lot(o) When a eardinnl refused to give up 
 
 his treasures, his handa were tied behind 
 
 him, and he wae placed on a donkey; 
 
 he was led throngh the streett of thr "ty, 
 
 and maltreated and spit on by the soldiery.C*) 
 
 The Spaniards were insatiable ; the atrong 
 
 boxes of the wealthy were not sofBoent 
 
 to satisfy their avaiico. They coveted all 
 
 that had even the colour of gold or silver. 
 
 Mot one of the three hnndnd chorohee of 
 
 Borne ^as spared. They robbed the aitea. 
 
 (•) Id. ib. 
 (b) Id. ib. 
 ?•) Ranke. 
 (4) Beiasner. 
 
 v-7 
 
 the sacristies, the p-;:pitM, the tabernacles, 
 the niches. They turned all they could 
 lay their hands on into money, even the 
 reliques of the saints, which ihey sold, 
 with a gun held to his throat, to the Arst 
 passerby whom they chanced to encounter 
 They tore off t'.ie illuminatid fl;{urea of the 
 silk binding from the MSS. in the Vatican, 
 and Bold them by auction on the Piazza di 
 San Piftro. 'ITiat splendid library com- 
 menced by Nicholas V., and enriched with 
 so large a collection of Greek, Latin, 
 Hi-hrew, and Syriao MSS., became the 
 prey of adventurers that could not read, 
 and who used them for the lighting of the 
 fire of their night-guards or their kitchen. 
 Cochlaeus, he whom Luther called a " child 
 of darkness," shed tears of genuine sorrow 
 on hearing of these cruel and barbaroos 
 acts.(«) 
 
 The " Auertio Mtptem tarramentorum" ot 
 Henry VIII. waaaomewhat more fortunate. 
 Henty had had it covered with duth of 
 gold-C) The soldiers, nnder the leadership 
 of the Prince of Orange, whom the army 
 had unanimously elected as their com> 
 mander, tore off the cover, and left tha 
 book, which is still to be seen in the shelves 
 of the Vatican in its bumble sheepskin 
 binding. For three months, not for a few 
 weeks, as some imagine, Rome was a prey 
 to those savagM. Ho^r many si%tutes were 
 there broken! how many pictures destroyed I 
 how many MSS. torn I how many treasmte 
 of goldsmiths' work melted down I The 
 churches of St. Peter, St. John Lateraa, 
 St. Mary Major, and other Basilicas, weie 
 transformed into stables, and the Flspdl 
 bulla used as Utter for the horses.(f) 
 
 (e) The greatest loes, aad that most daplorod 
 by thelsamed, was caused by the barbarian 
 suldiers in the Vattcaii Libruy, where was a 
 most vainable c»lte«iioa of bor>iu, which the 
 fury of the barbarians to a great dejpee scat- 
 tered, or cut and tore into pieces. — Cuchbras, 
 ? noted by Bemino, Mis>one di tutte I'Ercsie. 
 v., 875. 
 
 We have often bunevled, whilst writing our 
 ecclei^astical annab, the loss <•# many doc«- 
 menls, coulained in the papal archives, which 
 wonid have thrown mnck light on the history 
 of the times.— IUynaldns,AnnalesEc d esiaali ci , 
 
 m. 1527. _ 
 
 (() Coveted with cfoiS'<rf gold.— Wobey'a 
 
 to caeik.— MSS. vit^ B. IV .p. aa 
 
 
 BM 
 
164 
 
 Line or hbmrt tiii. 
 
 tm 
 
 We have elHewhere ipoken of the feetivities 
 •t Uome on the oocaiion of the di«oove> y of 
 the ((roup of Laocoon in thebathaof ritm«.(») 
 It was (lurinf{ the pontificate of Julius II. 
 After ilxteen centurieN, this chef (f veuve 
 of the principal itatuariea of Rhodea, 
 AKosander, Polydorua, and Athenodoius, 
 was disoofered. On that day, verses 
 were as plentiful as winn on the Festiv.ils 
 of Bacchus. Flowers and hymns, composed 
 in ita honour, were thrown before the 
 •tatue as it passed along in triumph on 
 the ancient Via Flaminia. The women at the 
 window dapped their handi, und the artists, 
 arranged in columns, uncovered their heads. 
 Michael Angelo shed tears of joy. Raphael, 
 still a child, prostrated himseh on the 
 ground, and Sadolet left oif his commentary 
 on St. Paul, to aing of the discovery of the 
 ancient mrrble in Latin verae.C') Tbia 
 statue, pla<'ed on a marble pedestal, was in 
 the gardens of the Bel videre, when a hand 
 of marandera, who had originully started 
 to plunder Monte Cavallo, passed jn front 
 of the Belvidere, rntered the garden, per- 
 ceived the stiLtue, which they threw off. ita 
 pedealal, and mutilated with as much spite 
 M if the high priest and his two children 
 had lieen Blive.l>:) 
 
 We remembi-r tlie eloquent and touching 
 complaints of Raphael in his letter to Leo 
 X., against the cruelty of time "whose 
 venomous tooth" had lacerated the noble 
 monumenta of antiquity.C*) He did 
 not anticipate the soldiers of the Prince 
 of Orange would be yet more crueLC) 
 
 (a) Audin, Leo X. 
 
 rb\ Opera Sadoletl. 
 
 ^-, Heisaner. 
 
 H) Venenoso morao del tempo. — Raffaello 
 d'Urbino a Papa Leone X.— Roscoe. 
 
 (e) To disproTti the antiquity of Laocuon's 
 head, a alight mark in the neck of the bigli 
 priest has been observed. Pliny positively 
 says that the group was of one block ; and at 
 the period of the discovery of the marble, 
 San Oallo imagined that an admuabie copy 
 bad been discovered instead of the original. 
 (Lett, pitt.) This was alao the opinion of 
 Micliael Aagelo himself; but they were both 
 deceived. (FeaMiacellanea.) We are aware 
 that the Prince d'Arbmberg h&s asserted that 
 be bos in his possession the aiicie<nt head of 
 Laocoon, and he might quot« the passage we 
 have just presented to oi>r readers from the 
 blMtory if rrttndsberg. No mention is made 
 of tba muUUlLaiu committed by tha aoldien 
 
 They even removed the bronie nails which 
 fastened the stones of the Coliaflum,(0 
 went into the vaulU of the churches to 
 ^fteul from Julius II. his ring.C) from others 
 their pectoral crosses or mitres, and if they 
 found any dilliculty in taking off the ring 
 or crown, they carried away both the finger 
 nnd the ring or the head and the crown. 
 Historians of every kind are unanimous 
 while relating ihe scenes of which Kome 
 was then the theatre, in compassionating 
 the victima and condemning the miicrennts 
 for the devastation committed by them. 
 One liiHtorian alone coolly and minutely 
 describeH each phaae of these horrid scenes, 
 wu mean ReiHSiier, the author of " Herm 
 Qrorgen V<m Friindiberg KriegtilMten," 
 ana endeavours to make that leader of the 
 Barbarians a hero. He muat have been 
 present at some of Luther's sermons ; for 
 all, according to him, that happens to the 
 Pope, is only the just chastisement of 
 heaven against modern Babylon. The 
 days of antichrist are completed. The 
 great whore, now prostrate on the ground, 
 will never rise again. 
 
 I'he reader will have an idea of Reiisner's 
 style from the following circuiustanco : — It 
 had been forbidden, under pain of death, 
 to introduce any sort of provisions into the 
 castle of St. Angelo. A poor woman, 
 on being informed that the. Po|>e and the 
 cardinals were compelled through hunger 
 to eat horseflesh, compassionated the state 
 of the prisoners, and, picking some lettuce, 
 endeavoured to have it conveyed to them, 
 but she was taken and banged in front of 
 the Pope's apartment By an act of refined 
 cruelty, which even savages would never 
 have imagined, her children, and the lettuce 
 which t:he had gathered, were tied round 
 the gibbet during the time of the execution. 
 Reissner relet < this tragedy in the efem« 
 tone M if he were apeakiog of a drunken 
 scene in one of the hoetelries at Frmnkfort. 
 
 of the Prinoe of Oibbm, and it may not be 
 irapoaalble that the head fi the high priest was 
 detached from the group, carried off and sold, 
 and came at a later period into the prince's 
 collection. We do not ourKetree beUbve this 
 to he the case. 
 
 \i^ Melchiori, Guide to Uoaa*. 
 Beianer. 
 
 T 
 
the bronie imili which 
 ■ of the Culiittum.O 
 lie of the church«M to 
 . hie rin^.C) from olhere 
 >s or mitrei. and if they 
 y in taking off the rinK 
 led away both the fiiiKcr 
 le head and the crown. 
 J kind are unaaimoua 
 ■cenee of which Koine 
 re, in compatiionatir.K 
 idemninK the miacrennt* 
 Q comroitted by them. 
 te coolly and minutely 
 le of theae horrid acenee, 
 the author of " Hrrm 
 indtbeig KritgHKuUn," 
 make that leader of the 
 . He muat have bren 
 ' Luther'H aermone; fur 
 iim, that happen* to the 
 le juit chantiaement of 
 nodern Babylon. The 
 t are completed. The 
 proatrate on the ground, 
 in. 
 
 Iiave an idea of R«iianer's 
 owing circuraetanca : — It 
 n, under pain of death, 
 ort of pruviaiona into the 
 igelo. A poor woman, 
 d that the. Pope and the 
 mpoUed through hunger 
 oompaaaionated the atate 
 ind, picking aome lettuce, 
 kve it conveyed to them, 
 a Mid hanged in front of 
 icnt By an act of refined 
 ren aavagee would never 
 T children, and the lettuoe 
 ithered, were tied round 
 the time of the execution, 
 ^hie tragedy in the aaoM 
 « apeakiog of a drunkeii 
 le hoatelrieB at Frmnkfort. 
 
 )ran{M, and it may not be 
 head of tfa« high priest waa 
 group, carried off and sold, 
 :cr period into the priuce'a 
 D not ourkelree beUbve thia 
 
 tXn or HENRY VIII. 
 
 155 
 
 MA» to Uoaas. 
 
 He haa omitted a rireamatance in the 
 aaoking of Rome, which we would not have 
 ventnred to have reproduced had it not 
 been related by an eye-^tneaa, Marcello 
 Alberini. One day, aome aoldiera came and 
 aakcd the curd of a pariih to coiue and 
 administer the last auocoura of our holy 
 reiigioii to a dying woman. He haitened 
 to the (pot, taking with him the holy 
 viaticum, when, instead of a woman, he 
 found a horse in the throes of death, to whom 
 they wished to compel him to administer 
 the sacred host, but the prieet preferred 
 death to saoriiege.(*) 
 
 Let us now take a peep at the two courts 
 ill whose hands waa the destiny of the 
 captive. On hearing of Clement'a cap- 
 tivity, Charlea went into mourning, aus- 
 pended the public ri{ioicinga which he had 
 commanded in honour of the birth of hia 
 •on Philip,()>) and ordered prooessions 
 throughout Spain to obtain from heaven 
 the deliverance "of the view of Jesan 
 Christ on earth," when only one word from 
 him to hia officers would have been suffi- 
 cient to have aecured hia liberty. 
 
 In England, Wolsey ordered the Miserere 
 to be aung in all the churches of the 
 kingdom- and prescribed a fast of three days 
 to propitiate the anger of God, and to 
 obtain from Hia mercy the liberation of a 
 Pontiff whom the Engliah agents had pre- 
 cipitated into an unequal combat. Clement 
 from his prison implored help from the 
 King of England. Wolsey, affected by the 
 taan of the Holy Father, went to the king 
 " Sire," said he, in an accent beepeaking 
 a heart overwhelmed with grief, " God has 
 appointed you Defender of the Faith ; see 
 in what a condition the Church of Christ 
 ia in} the Head of that Hnly Church is a 
 )iriaoner ; our holy brethren, the cardinals 
 
 ' '^iso prisonera without any hope of 
 . .. ooe. Asaist them. Defender of the Faith, 
 ,;. kI b«ftven will aid you.''(«) " My lord," 
 . e^flied Henry, *' I deplore this great cataa- 
 trophe, and know not how to ezpresa my 
 aorrc'w. Yea, I am ptfender of die Futh ; 
 but there i* no diapats on a aubjeot of 
 
 (•) Maroello Alberini, quoted by fienino 
 Hist-wie di tntti I'Ereaie, IV. 375. 
 (b) HalL 
 M Hall. 
 
 faith between the Poiie nnd tbi* emperor, 
 but a quarrul dltogethrr eaithly. What can 
 I do for Clemenr, a prisoner of war } 
 Neither i nor my people can delirsr him. 
 My treasury is at your disposal, my lord, 
 do with its contents as >ou please.''^) 
 The leader must he on his guard leat he 
 should he deceived by thene declarations of 
 attachment on the part of Enxland to the 
 unhappy Clement. If Wolsey had advanced 
 money to pay for the Pope's release, 
 Henry's reply would have indeed been a 
 a noble onet but the treaoury had lung 
 ainre been exhausted. I'hey could have 
 only hoped to effect his ransom by a subsidy 
 from Parliament, for which purpose that 
 assembly must be cnnvuked, a bill pre* 
 aen*ed and diiciiiised, and the money levied, 
 measures which would nec^ssiirily require 
 time. The king's pi^ waa therefore only ■ 
 mockery. It h apparebt firom this circum- 
 stance that Wolspy had lo t his influence over 
 Henryeince the king'e unhappy acqoain- 
 tanoe , with Anne Buleyn. E ven the tone of 
 his language proves this. He proys to-day 
 when yesterday he would have only pre- 
 sented a bill which Henry would have 
 approved of without even looking at it. 
 The king's " nightbird,"(«) Anne Boleyn, 
 had long aince foretold Wolsey'a fall. 
 God at last took pity on his people, and 
 sent hia angel to deliver tk^tm. The plague 
 broke out in Rome. That mass of human 
 flesh, which the soldiers allowed to rot in 
 the ^treeta, (for wben the Tiber was not a 
 hand to receive their victim it was not 
 interred,) corrupted the air, and the miasma 
 brought on the plague. Pursued by 
 this scourge, which, as if by a sort of 
 miracle, spared the oiiixens, the leaden of 
 the Imperiali.-its consented to treat with the 
 Pope. 
 
 ilie young Prince of Orange laid down 
 his conditio-\8 in the very room of tha 
 Suveraign Pontiff. It was there that he 
 lodged.^) They were exceedingly severe. 
 A sum of money was demanded for hia 
 ransom, which it was impossible for him to 
 
 (*) Hall. 
 
 (•) Wolsey used so to c|]l the king's mif 
 tress. 
 
 (') Der Prini von Oianien hatte die Zimmar 
 dee PabstM inne.— Ranke. 
 
 T 
 
^ — 
 
 :.l 
 
 136 
 
 Ltrs or HRNBY Till. 
 
 pay immediately I but it wm agrefd on 
 that ha should be reetored to liberty un hie 
 paying a portion, and that the ImperialiiU 
 ahould evaojate hit atAtea a* loon aa the 
 debt had been discharged by means of the 
 candleatielta, orossea. vases, saoerdoUl or- 
 naunenU and reliquaries, which bad been 
 concealed from the rapacity of tliese con- 
 querors(*) As a (guarantee for his word, 
 the Pope ' insented to leave Modena, 
 Parma, Piacensa, Ostia, and Civita Veoohia 
 in the hauils of the Spanlsrds.(i>) The 
 unhappy Pontiff was placed under the iur- 
 •uillansM of Captain Alar<;on, " whose 
 destiuy it was to guard sovereigns aa that 
 of Charles V. was to make them."(°) 
 
 Ou the 17th February, IS38, the barba- 
 rians, more than bdf of whom had died of 
 the piague,(<i) left Heme. They had left ( the 
 ap^md of their drums and trumpets were 
 heard at a distance. "Then," relates an 
 •ye-witnest, " there was i sUght buiz 
 heard in the atreets of the desolate city. 
 Here a young maiv^fvn would half open % 
 window, which she would immediately 
 shut. There a mother would come out of 
 her hiding-plaoe, holding the hands oC her 
 children half dead with hunger; in another 
 piaco would voices be heard from the vaults 
 of ont of the churches from some poverty- 
 stricken refugee ; further on, k monk, con- 
 cealed in one of the sewers of Tarquinius 
 Prioous, would cross the Campo Vaccino 
 in search of his brethren. Friends and 
 relatives would call one another by name, 
 md if they chanced to meet would shed 
 tears of joy."(«) 
 
 The Impflrialiat* returned by the way of 
 their mountains. They had now no fear 
 of being ovenaken while on their march by 
 •ither atorms or hunger, for they marched 
 under a beautiful sun, with abundtaee 
 
 ?i 
 
 Raoke. — Lo Grand. 
 Sacco di Roma, p. 100. 
 
 (•) Genoudo.— Hist, de France. 
 
 (il} They arentra the 17thday of Febraary, 
 1638, much dimiuiahed in numbors, as there 
 were not more than 1,5U0 horse, 4,000 Spaniah 
 inAwtiy, 'i,SUU Italiana, and 5,0U0 Germans. 
 All ii!ie rest had died of the plaguu.— Sacoo di 
 Roma. 
 
 (•) Aibari. MS8. at the Minerva, Rome. 
 
 around them. Reformed (Ifrmnny, aroni»p(l 
 by the preaching of Luther, looked un them 
 with pride and kissrd their faces, became 
 swarthy by the sun of modern Babylon, 
 pressed those hands which hud been lifted up 
 against the priests of Baal, touoheil those 
 arms which had been stained with the blood 
 of •<> many idolaters, and repeated their war. 
 song " Simnex, $i>nnet trompettei." The 
 days of Clement's deliverance, stipuUtcd 
 by the convention, would soon arrive. The 
 Sjianiards weio to have taken h!'n to the 
 fortress of Spoleto or Perugia, according 
 M the prison<>r himself liked, but the Pope 
 deceived the vigilance of his guards. He 
 made his escape during the night in the 
 (liNguise of a gardener, and fled to the 
 fortress of Or\'ieto. 
 
 On the morrow, tired as he v/as, he 
 aHcended the pulpit. The people were 
 deeply affected at the sight of this old 
 roan, worn out by suffering, who, out 
 of all his wealth, had scarcely been 
 able to preserve an old white cassock. A 
 remarkable testimony of the fascination 
 which the Pontifical Me^esty will always 
 exercise on man.(0 The population of 
 Orvieto pressed round the pulpit whence 
 the Pontiff was about to addreaa them. 
 After having gased iri silent adoration at « 
 crucifix, resplendent from the light of the 
 tapers on the altar, Clmnent, in a low voice, 
 uttered the following heart-touchingprayer: 
 "O my God, pardon my enemies, as I 
 pardon them the injuries and insults they 
 have inflicted on the Church, the Invisible 
 Head of the Church, who is in heaven, and 
 the Visibk Head who taigns on this earth." 
 He stretched out his handa and bleased his 
 persecutora, " Because," says an old his- 
 torian, " the Pontiff knew that his blessing 
 would be of use to them in heaTen."(() 
 
 (f) Gnicciardini. 
 
 (f) '.therefore, being re-established in his 
 former dienity, he again blessed all his enemies, 
 and absolved them from whatevrr censures 
 they migh* have iiicnrred, because he weh 
 knew what advantages would flow from the 
 blessing bestowed on his euemicii.— Sacoo di 
 Roma, p. 118.. 
 
nrmec) OMinnny, n'onitpd 
 r Luther, looked on them 
 i«ied their face*, becstne 
 in of modern Babylon, 
 I which had been lifted up 
 I of Baal, touoheil thoie 
 en itained with the blood 
 ■i, and repeated their w»r. 
 mnet Irompettei." The 
 a deliverance, itipuUtcd 
 would soon arrive. The 
 > have taken h;'n to the 
 ) or Perugia, according 
 nielf liked, but the Pope 
 knee of hii guards. He 
 [luring the night in the 
 dener, and fled to the 
 
 0. 
 
 m, tired aa he v/as, he 
 Ipit. The people were 
 t the sight of this old 
 by BuflTertng, who, out 
 Ith, had scftroeljr been 
 m old white cassock. A 
 Dony of the fascination 
 Real Mi^esty will always 
 
 (0 The population of 
 round the pulpit whence 
 about to address them. 
 td in silent adoration at « 
 lent from the light of the 
 s, Clntnentf in a low voice, 
 ing heart-touchingprayer: 
 tardoD my enemies, at I 
 injuries and insults they 
 
 the Church, the luvisiblo 
 rch, who is in heaven, and 
 
 who feigns on this earth." 
 
 hl« hands and blessed bis 
 ecause," says an old hia- 
 itiif kne<^ that his blessing 
 to them in hearen."(t) 
 
 ii. 
 
 being rc-establiahed in his 
 I again blessed all hii iiemiea, 
 em from whatever censure* 
 I incurred, because he weh 
 ntage* wonid flow from the 
 1 on his eaemiiei.— Sacoo di 
 
 LIPB OP HBNKY Vllt. 
 
 IBT 
 
 CHAPTER XIX. 
 
 THE DECRETAL.— 1438. 
 
 WoltsT's frKsh iinxlellM.— He oonmiltt thei.loglani and tarns toward* Bomo— Hii agents with the 
 Pope — Oeorge Citale trie*, but in vain, to bribe the Cardinal del Santl-Quatrl.— A double 
 oommlBiii.tu alRiKd bj Clement VIL— They uo not give aatUfactlon at London.— InlrlgUia 
 reeomin»nc«.-NH«T ngenu sent to England.— Edward Fox. -aardiiier.-Stanie.—The DeoreUl. 
 —The Plague In Krigland.— Katharine, Henry, Anne Boleyn, and WoUry, during the epldemle.— 
 Letters flruiu Anne tu ibe Chancellor. 
 
 In the midst of these melancholy events, 
 Anne Boleyn was doing all she could, aided 
 by her numerous retainers, to work the 
 downfall of Wolney, in the background. 
 The minister, on his guard, did all in his 
 power to frustrate the enemy's plots. 
 Wolsey't object was to collect the necessary 
 matter for the dissolution of the marriage; 
 to try the spiritual question in Eaglaiid ; to 
 persuade Katharine to take the veil; to 
 thwart, by his interest, the ambitious pro- 
 ects of the favourite ; to wear out the 
 king's passion, and. if threatened by his 
 mistress, to vindi^it^a at the last moment 
 the rigliU of the l«giii)z> u. wife. 
 
 On taking leave of Fnu^'^ie and his 
 mother, Wobey dropped st hw niy,teriouB 
 wordu, which the courtiers preeerved : " If 
 Madame Louise's iife was spared another 
 year, she would see k lasting nniuii on the 
 one side and a disonioa on the other :"(') 
 and Wolaey, aa if he i>:<4gined that h« was 
 not understood, "begged her to remember 
 hia word* and to rocaU them to her memory 
 at the momeat that it should be required."(iO 
 
 Tbs project of the "diranioii" of the 
 
 llonsea of Bnglaiiti and Bui^nady, and 
 
 the "union" between the houses of Tisdor 
 
 and Valoia, to whidi the minister alluded 
 
 in thu confidential enigma, oould only be 
 
 et^ted by the marriage wUh Ben^e, 
 
 daughter al Louie XIL,anie« Margaret 
 
 (•) Lettie de M. du BeltaT, «v«que de 
 Bayanne iU.tt (psnd n»*itre.--M8S.B4thune 
 V3.8803.». m. Le Grand. 
 
 (b) 1188. BMhune. Le Grand. 
 
 was betrothed to the King of Navarre.(«) 
 The Bishop of Bayocne saw through the 
 cardinal.C'') " I believe," said he, writing 
 to his correspondent, M. de Montmorency, 
 "that the Chancellor by advocating this 
 divorce is anxious to bring about the mar- 
 riage of Henry with Madaine Ren^." The 
 crafty diplomatist felt sure that the mar. 
 riage would take place if " iio(Ain4; kapjfentd 
 to prevent it ;" he was right in speaking 
 thus reservedly, but he referred to certain 
 political events, and, likd Wolsey, seemed 
 to have no dread for Henry's love for Anne 
 Boleyn.(*) In rejecting the king's plan, 
 Wolsey fulfiiUed his duty as became a 
 .faithful servant. A marriage with Anne 
 Boleyn, was, in his opinion, a melancholy 
 and disgraceful aiair; disgracefol, because, 
 while at Paris, he had heard certain cir- 
 cumstances connected with her life; mekn- 
 rholy, aa it might lead to a serious rupture 
 between Charlea (Katharine's nephew) and 
 Henry. Wolsey, we must acknowledge, 
 might have eflfkoed from his book of Ufe 
 many a black page, had he returned the 
 Great Sealtobia master.(') Bat he left, 
 considering how be could aooount for the 
 language he had just used to the sovereign, 
 and again did he aacrifioe his conscience 
 to a piece of parchment, entniating to his 
 
 («) According to Polydore Virgil, Wolsey 
 officiously substituted Rente in the room of 
 the Duchess of .\lettQon. — Lingard. 
 
 (d) MSB. Belhane, v. 8605. Le (Sraad. 
 
 (*) MSa.BeUiune. Le-Srand, Qnlcoiardini 
 XVIIi., 111. 
 
 (() CaTeadidi. Fiddes. Liogard. 
 
 !■ 
 
)1 
 
 4. 
 
 168 
 
 tin ov ncMHt Tin. 
 
 * 
 
 nrc lh« Great Heal, but not without a 
 ttntfffflt), U Woliey could hare niutl«r<(t 
 auffloi«nt courage to have oaat from him 
 thoaa dignitiea which ha had to dearly 
 purohaMd, hia mind would liava become 
 atfonger, and Katharine would hava re- 
 quired no advocate to defend her cauaei 
 but, unhappily, the luxury of the World 
 had corrupted him, and he muat litre in 
 luxury, for it waa hia element i ha would 
 aurely die wer« Ood to deprive him of hi« 
 grandeur. To realtt the (("'wing of that 
 worm which gave him no reet, either by 
 day or nii^ht, he determined to oonault, not 
 ft few obaoure the»logiane, whuac opinion 
 ^ad been purchaaed, but upright men, 
 whoao tealiroony would quiet hie uon- 
 acience. An aaaembly waa accordingly 
 convoked at Hampton Court, at which Bir 
 Thomaa More, Ftiher, Biahop of Roclieiter, 
 theologian*, dootora in law, and Juriata, 
 were invited to be preBent.(») The qiua- 
 tion of the divorce waa clearly prupuaed. 
 Wolaey. Oo prove the nullity of the mar- 
 riage, iiad recouraa to no other argument! 
 than thoie, «a waa the duty of a courtier, 
 which the kin^^ had uaed in hia laat treatise. 
 Sir Thomaa More, when called on for hia 
 opinion, ezcuaed bimielf on the plea of 
 ignorance in theology { the biihop, m')re 
 courageous than the layman, after having 
 doly weighed the rcMona adduced by 
 both partiea, declared himself againat the 
 divoroe.(*>) The other roemb«ra of the 
 oounoil fully agreeing with Fisher, they 
 •aparated. Wolsey, aa if tormented by a 
 eonacienoe ill at reat. determined to con- 
 voke another aaaembly of eminent men, 
 who would perhaps be more obliging, llie 
 cwdinal prepared hia aubject and waa 
 vary eloquent,(*) but the only concession 
 he could get waa that there waa sufficient 
 ground for Henry to refbr the question to 
 the Holy See, whoae decision the clergy 
 would re8pect.(*) 
 
 (a) Sir Thomas Mora's letter. Singer'a 
 Apnendix to Kopcr. 
 
 |D) Fiddea ; where Fisher's letter is given. 
 
 (•) " In the first instance y jur cause, with 
 those who had taken up it* defence, waa 
 defeated in all the schoola of the kingdom." — 
 Pole. " S'ew of their duotors agreed with 
 their opinion." — The Bishop of Bayonne, in 
 La Grand, 
 
 (d) Rytner. XIV., p. Ml. 
 
 Wolsey now turned hia ayta towtrda 
 Rome ( it waa hia star of hop« and aafaty. 
 He bad men devoted to hia intersat rear 
 the Pc^m: Oeorgn (;a*ale, a man adapted 
 for every undertakings the Dean of the 
 Rota, BtaAla, who had not much opinion 
 of what in the world is called honesty i(*) 
 Dr. Knight, an humble slaw to all that 
 resembled a miniater, and some young 
 carilinaU, who, in the aaoking of Rome, 
 had lout all their fortune. It was by means 
 of ilx-se agents that Wolsey hoped to deceive 
 aoritdulous and timid Pope. Caaale, onm> 
 missioned to act ilit principal part, had two 
 misaiona to perform i he waa to advocate 
 and corrupt. He must Just ahow hi* 
 Holiiiesa that the Pope, in the opinion of a 
 great number of thcoloHians, had no power 
 to dispense in the first degree of affinity i(0 
 that the bull of Juliua ll. (■) waa null and 
 void ; that it waa founded on the auppoaed 
 intention of the Prince of Wales t<> marry 
 Katharine of Arragon, when he had never 
 manifested such a deaire i that it attributed 
 tt Henry VII. and Ferdinand a chiinerical 
 desire of paace and fHendahip, which family 
 conneziona would render more laating, 
 when no motive of Jealously or hatred 
 existed between the two aoveraigns.!'') '11m 
 ambaaaador was to urge the throaa of agony 
 which so piou* a king aa Henry miul havo 
 undergone, aince the ray of light had pcna- 
 tratcd into his soul (>) Now, the nullity of 
 the bull, abuse of power on the put of 
 Julius II., the terror of Henry would giva 
 way before a decretal, conferring on tha 
 Archhiakop of York, Legate of the Holy 
 See in England, powera to examine into 
 and Jadge tha queation of the divorce. 
 The cardinal aant Caaale the model of a 
 dispenaation which the Po|>e should send 
 witheitherhiasignatureor8eal.(J) The whole 
 of the argument to be employed by Caaale 
 waa in the king'* little work ; tlie nutater 
 had apoken. the acholar waa only required 
 to repeat verbatim the lenHon of the crowned 
 
 (•) See hia character (MH8. Bethune, Vol. 
 8636) in a leUer from liaciiie in M. de Mont- 
 moi«noy. Orvieto, 8 April, IS28.— Le Grand. 
 
 {t) Cardinalia Wolaey EpiatoW ad Dom. 
 Gteeorium (Jasaiium. — Brit. Mus. MtiS.Vilall., 
 B. fiC. 
 
 (c) See Chapter 11. 
 
 (h) Bnmet. 
 
 (I) M88. Colt., ViL. B. IX, p. 9. 
 
 0) MS!). Vit. lb. 
 
ncd hia tyca towtrdt 
 MI of hop« »nd mhtj. 
 td to hia intarMt rear 
 (;■•*!«, • man adapted 
 inKt th« Dean of tha 
 liad not much opinion 
 Id ia called honeity >(*) 
 iinbie iilavu to all ihat 
 ter, and eome younK 
 the aaoking of Rome, 
 tune. It waa by nieana 
 IVoUey honied to deceive 
 1(1 Pope. Caaale, oom* 
 
 principal part, bad two 
 ni he waa to advocate 
 
 muat Juat aliow hia 
 ope, in the opinion of a 
 !olo){iana, had no power 
 int dcftree of affinity )(0 
 iiua 1 1. (■) waa null and 
 )unded on the auppoaed 
 ince of Walea t«> marry 
 [on, when he had never 
 leaire ; that it attributed 
 
 Ferdinand a cliiiawrlcal 
 fHendahip. which family 
 
 render more laating, 
 of Jealouily or hatred 
 I two aovereifnB.('') 'I'ba 
 urge the throea of agony 
 Ing aa Henry moat havo 
 M ray of light had pcna- 
 (') Nt»w, the nullity of 
 ' {Kjwtr on the part of 
 ■or of Henry would give 
 ■etal, conferring on tha 
 rk, l^K<^t« o( the Holy 
 powers to examine into 
 leation of the divorce. 
 
 Caaale the model of a 
 I the Po|>e ahould aend 
 iture or 8eal.(J) The whole 
 
 be employed by Caaale 
 I little work ; tlie maater 
 cholar waa only required 
 the le«tton of the crowned 
 
 cler (MS8. Bethune, Vol. 
 )ni Uaciiie In M. de Moat* 
 8 April, 1528.— Le Oraad. 
 ''olaey Epiatok ad Dom. 
 1.— Brit. Mua. MSS.VitaU., 
 
 II. 
 
 Vit, B. IX, p. 9. 
 
 Urt Of HINBT Ttlt. 
 
 IH 
 
 theologian before preaentlng It to tha Pope. 
 Caaala waa to ttop in tha ante-chainber of 
 the Cardinal dt'i Hunti Quatri, who wai 
 aiippoaed to have great influence with hia 
 Holineaa. At the sacking of Rome tha 
 Imperialists hid pillaged hia palace, and he 
 bore not his loss either like a Christian ur 
 a philoaophar. 
 
 Wolsay commissioned Caaala and hia 
 brothera to tempt the prelata'a probity i 
 " Kndeavour," writes ha to them, " to have 
 a privatr interview with the cardinal, and 
 obaenre adroitly what may be done to 
 seduce him, and tell me aa aoon aa possible 
 if ha would like to hare rich veatmenta, 
 gold vessels, or horssa- I shall ao manage 
 aa to prove to him that he will not have 
 to deid with an ungrateful or unkind 
 prince. "(■) Casale did aa the miniatar 
 reoflinmended him ; Knight offered tha 
 car<linal 4,(><)(l crown* and his secretary 30. 
 " The cardinal," snys Strypa, " returned the 
 corrupting preagnt t"(^) but doee not add 
 that «he aecreUry did the aame. Never 
 did a minister, before that r>*>riod, use so 
 many pens und so much ink as Wolsey. 
 As he imagined thaa he would alwayH have 
 the management of afflura lia waa exceed- 
 ing dilatory : he gave and revoked inatruc- 
 liona I recalled couriers wkas nearly at the 
 gate of the Vatican j continually changed 
 hia interpreters and agenta, and, in order 
 to gain bia point, made onaftineaa and sen- 
 timent, politicn aiod religion, theology and 
 canon law, subservient to his piuiioses. 
 Clement dwerves our pity not only as Pope 
 but aa Sorereign ; aa Pop* ha had been 
 deoeived in being told that tha mi^ritj of 
 the English divinea approved of the 
 divorce I of the king'a religiuus acrupleai 
 of the nullity of Julius II.'s bull} ol 
 Katharine's intantion, aickened and dia- 
 guatad with tha world, to ratin into a 
 convent for the porpoae of taking the veil ; 
 but the diacontent ot the nation, the ailence 
 of 8ii Thouaa More, tha protaat of the 
 Biahop of Rocheater, the adnharoua life led 
 by Henry, the teora > f the unhappy Katha- 
 rine were kepi fro d bia knowledge. A 
 
 S 
 
 MSB. Vit., Ih. 
 
 Knii^gavethf Mrdiaal 4,000 orowos, 
 and hia aeoreUry Vn but the cardinal re- 
 tamed the oorru ''tinA preeeut. — Strype, EccL 
 Mem. App. 
 
 biahop (Wolaaj) whosa attachment to the 
 Holy He* liad never be«n d lubtid, asksd 
 Clement, in the name of religion, tn dis- 
 solve a knot that weighed heavily on both 
 partieai a knot tied without a sutiioient 
 acquaintance with tha case and authorised 
 by a surreptiltuus bull, notwithstanding 
 the formal texts of Holy Writ pichiijiling 
 a similar marriage. As a sovereign he waa 
 deceived by pretended airectlmi. How 
 could bis hidiness be otlmrwise than deeply 
 alfertod at the Eiigtiih ainbnsiiailors visit- 
 ing bim while ha waa at Urvirtu, kneeling 
 down and kiasing his bund respectfully f 
 They were tha first marks of affection that 
 he had received during the lakt six months, 
 the first protest of a crowned bead against 
 the nutragea committed by the Imperialists. 
 Clement could not imagine that iheir com- 
 miseration waa hypocritical, fur he did not 
 perceive that Knii/ht smd Casale, tha 
 ambassadors of the king ot England, with 
 a (letition in ihair baad, had come to bribe 
 him with their hypocritical ^votiuu. 
 
 At the end at December, Iftsy. the 
 ambasskdors preset, if I him two commia> 
 siunv to Sign, drawn up by Edward Fox- 
 By the firat. Clamant accorded to WoUey 
 or Stafile the aeoeasary powers to exa- 
 mine into and judge on the question of tha 
 divorce; in tlie second, he auiborisod 
 Henry to re-marry after the divurce of 
 Katharine, provided tha marriage waai 
 canuiiically dissolved.(*) 
 
 Fox, or rather Henry, whoee inatni- 
 ment be was. was exceedingly crafty, 
 for the commissions hatl liern drawn ap 
 at the diotation of tha sovereign. A» 
 it waa dreaded that Anne and Peray 
 might be betrothed, the Pope gnuiaed 
 Henry perroiesion to imarry again, (provided 
 he had been canuaically divoroed), even if 
 the bride elect were affianced, provided 
 aha were a virgin.(') Another precautiunt 
 yet mora oimfty, waa had recourae to. If 
 the king could not lugivimatety maarry 
 Katharine, aince Arthur had known heir 
 carnally, how, in oonacience, could h« 
 obtain Anne Doleyn, whoee sister be had 
 seduced i The impediment was the saBM.(*) 
 
 (e) Ltaigard. 
 
 (d) See the bnll i'.self in Appendix (U.) 
 
 (•) Liiiijard. 
 
 T 
 
 --I 
 
.'» 
 
 160 
 
 un OP Mimv viit. 
 
 ft, 
 
 tb«« Ci«rB«i»i VII . by r^iMKtiii,! hlia to 
 gr»nt • ilivuro* l»»ii ih« po»«i U» dtipwt* 
 within thi (ltigr"«t, of tfllaity iprohlbkud by 
 th« Book of l-eviiku«, which, how«trtr, b« 
 nfUMil to Jiillut li. A ohMM* wa Mcord- 
 Inn'r foUwd Into lli- oommit«lon by which 
 th« kioK wM paraiitiea (o mwry a woman 
 of th« awjond dtgrt* of ooinannuinUy, or 
 th« Brit of •ITinlty, ihroiinh tha f^«ll of an 
 illicit iii«rrta««.(*) <>' 'be two datdt, tha 
 aMSond, which allowed .i«rtune In caaa of a 
 divorot, wa» ar Nspied ami ii^fnad, with a few 
 alttrationa. by Cl»m«Bt. Tha llrat, ap- 
 pnintinK •" eccloaiaatioal tribunal, waa aant 
 |o (h« Canllnal d«i Hanti Quatrl, whoaa 
 opinion iha Holy Faiht r wiab«d to hav« » 
 tha atnbaaaadora wara avidaotly caught in 
 tbair own trap. Tha bal'l which they to 
 aARarly aoliciUd, and which Chmant 
 giMtad without aakin< a c|ur lion, would 
 ba of no aa« to tha monarch until tha im- 
 portant quaation of tha dirorca had been 
 deflnitiTely aattlad : they might In caaa of 
 axtremity have n»<4d a^alnat the diapania- 
 tlon, granied I7 Clement VII., tha aaroe 
 Una of arKunant that Menry had adopted 
 •gainat tha bull of Julioa II. If they 
 ■eeua^d tha flrat boll (to do awaj with ita 
 validity) of contalnlnn ipecioua nullities 
 raanlting from falae enundationa, what 
 •oald hi aa^d in favour of a document 
 rtnllar to tha ona drawn up by Pox, where 
 the Pope accord* to Henry pem-.laalon to 
 laarry any widow, prarided ahe be not hia 
 brothar'a widow.C^) though the eontradic- 
 Iw7te«chlng of tha Booka of Deuteronomy 
 ud Levitlcoa had not been aubmltted to 
 tha tribunal, the constituting of which tha 
 ■Bihaaaadwra now requeatod P 
 
 The Chrd: il del Santi Qnatr), «vboae 
 kmMaty wu equalled by hia kBowledge,(*) 
 b«t who did not baliara that cunning waa 
 prohibited by tha coonund of God, under* 
 •lood tha aaerat thougbta of Hia Uolinaas, 
 ud the importanee of the act which ha 
 wu callad on to Mamiae. The paitiea 
 ohargad with the bualneas requeated an 
 awlealwtical tribupal before which tha 
 
 fa) Baa Apfmdix (H.) 
 
 m Dummodo relleta flratila aol mm ftaent. 
 
 («) Caaala'a latter to Wolwy, Dae. 30, 
 USr. MS8. Vil. B.lX.. p. Sift. Tha BnU 
 waaaiiPMd Don.9» 
 
 tootromay waa to ba trUd if aH tfci 
 judgaa ware of tha Aogllfaa cUr^f . thaif 
 •anunca could bdva no ilTact until tha 
 Popa, tha auprama hwl of ail «piritoal 
 jurUdictton, had •■ Wm ly approved of it. 
 llie prtlate tliafafi uttroduetd into the 
 plan iuoh modlllcati.iiia that the cmm would 
 nacesMrsly after the judgment «f Wolaay or 
 Btafila, return to Roma to tia ravitad. 
 Several ytara would ooni«i|u«ntly ba ipant 
 in the trial, and t^e cardinal, aa wall aa 
 WoU«y, h' p«d that time would cure Henry 
 of hia fooUih love, and induce bim to giveup 
 every Idea of the divorce. Beiido"* Katha- 
 rine might (lie of the organic dit«a«« under 
 which ahe waa labouring, and than Henry 
 would recover hia liberty, and tbtra would 
 no lun^ar be any ocraaion for the trial. 
 Tha rardinal, it ha* httn thought by *<.aia, 
 ronfldad in Wolaey's wril-known kkilfuU 
 oe*e to i)er«al Ilanry'a plana. He mnat 
 have been made acqitairited with the in- 
 lii uctiont adilreiaed to Dr. Knight, bidding 
 him dc*i«t from taking any fbrthcr atape in 
 the divorce. Did the cardinal thiu pub- 
 licly oppoae Henry through rsmorae i Waa 
 Henry afraid of public opinion i Had 
 the atar of Anne BoWyn commenced to 
 waner Such auppoaitiona were highly 
 probable. Clement, however, made a great 
 aacriAca by aigning theoe oommiaaiona.(<) 
 aa there waa a probability of incurring the 
 anger of tha emperor. So when the 
 Engliah ambaaaadora came to take leave of 
 tha Pope, they eonld remark that Borrow 
 had printed long ftarrowa on hia counte- 
 nance. " Thera are the dooumenta ;" aaid 
 Cleownt to them, " ia aigning them I bava 
 conanlted ny own heart 1 it ia on my part 
 a mark of gmtitnde towwda your ma-iter, 
 rather than m act of prudence t my per- 
 Bonal aeouiity, it may be my lifli, dependa 
 on hia ganerodty. Tdu are at liberty to 
 mak« what uae you pteaae of tho commit- 
 alon entmated to Wolaey 1 howavtr, if you 
 will wait until the im|i«ria]iat8 have eva- 
 cuated the tariHoriaa of the Church, which 
 wUl aeenra ma Arom the anger ol Charlce, 
 
 (<) Thia flwt is made known by a dispatch 
 firam Stephen Gardiner, who aaya «f tha Pope : 
 " Tha Pope bad be«i eomewhat atayad in ax- 
 paditian t>f tha king'a dealra, Ucanae it waa 
 •bewad hint that it waa eat forth wMmnU I«« 
 enrHmmtt «mm«mI or AnawlM^."-- Stiypa. 
 Bookw, Meal. App. 
 
 . ^_ 
 
1 U triad ; if Ul tiM 
 Auglicsa «UrKf. tiMiff 
 n BO tir*ct until Uta 
 I hM*! uf aU *pMtlMl 
 ■itimnly kp|irova<i of it. 
 r« intro<luc«<i into Ilia 
 ona that iha OMa would 
 jutJjjiwDlo' Wolaayor 
 Roma to l>a ravltad. 
 I ooniaqucntlj ba ipant 
 ha cardinal. •■ wall aa 
 tlma would cura Hanry 
 ni indura lum to gtvaop 
 ivorra. B(i«id«« Kittha- 
 la organic diaaaaa under 
 lurinit, and than Hanry 
 iibartjr, and tbtra would 
 ' ucraaion for the trial. 
 I b«en thought by a<.aia, 
 ty'a wfll-knuwn kkilful- 
 inry'a plana. Ha mnat 
 ■cqiiairited with tha in- 
 d to 1):'. Knight, kiddinK 
 ling any farther atapa in 
 tha cardinal thua pub- 
 through ramoraa f Wm 
 public opinion } Had 
 Bolryn comincncad to 
 ppoaitiona wcra highly 
 It, howavar, nuule a graal 
 >g tbaaa oomniiaaiona.C) 
 bability of incarring the 
 apcror. So when the 
 ora oama to take leave of 
 )D)d ramnrk that aorrow 
 ftarrowa on hia oonnta- 
 r« the dooumenta ;" aaid 
 " in aigning them I bara 
 a heart i it la on my put 
 le towarda yonr ma-iter, 
 ;t of prudanec t my per- 
 nay b« my lift), dapenda 
 . You ai« at liberty to 
 )u plaaae of the commii- 
 Wolaay i howertr, if you 
 • Imperialiata have evn- 
 iaa of the Churoh, which 
 om the angtr of Charlea, 
 
 nada known by a diapatrh 
 iner, who anya of tha Pope : 
 an aomewiiat atayad in ax- 
 f'a daalra, tecanae it was 
 » WM aat linrth mUh^m$ tkt 
 or kH9»Mgt."-'^trjf. 
 
 un or HMiiM vtn. 
 
 ttl 
 
 I ahall aanil yoa » IM# oommiaalon, and 
 your ma^irr. withoiit oMBproaiiaiiig an ally, 
 will olitmn whit III* «•««• (•) 
 
 Tha tiill ami thr apMiiuton, on their ar- 
 rival at Liiiidon, war^mmd l« l>a, tha ona 
 oonfuMil, the nthar rapdoua. The di4|>«ata> 
 (li>n WM iitily rMnditiiititf t baaidaa, hjr tha 
 Iniart.Dn of rartain raatriottoM t^a Pope 
 waa at liberty U> ravoka it, *.$., ho granlad 
 ihi* dt«|t«n«atiun "aa far aa ha Mwld with- 
 out olTaiuliiiic (ioil,~ notwithatanding every 
 prahiliiilon 'it tha Divln<« right and 
 other Ciinatitutiona and ordinancaa, which 
 ha ralaxrd an far m the apoatolio autho- 
 rity ooutd aiv^nd."(i>) l}»th ware aigncd by 
 the Fope, wh , aUliniigb he had inaila hia 
 eanape from tha Impurifliata, yet might ha 
 regKrdeil as tha priaoner of Charlea V. 
 at Urvi«to.(«} Freah conoeaaluoa were 
 uked for frum London t three othcra were 
 addnd to the two agpnta «h(i had directed 
 the preliininariea of the negotiation at tha 
 commencement of 1S2H, via., Staflle, 
 Gurdiner, and Pox. Htatlle, who at drat 
 kept himaelf aloof, and whom it waa no 
 eaay matter to deceive, for being brought 
 up in Italy, he waa on hia guard against 
 evary iprcir a of orafl. Gardiner, xecretary 
 to Wolaey, who knew nothing of inirigu- 
 ing, but who could apeak and write ; and 
 Kdvard Fox, almoner to the king, who waa 
 auffioiently \-er«ed in canon law aa to ba 
 able to oppoaa the theologiana of Rome.C) 
 
 In the event of their aucoeading. Pox 
 and ardiner wera promiaed mitrea, 
 and Siaille a cardioal'a hat.(*) Caaale 
 wia again inatructed to tempt the Car- 
 dinal dei Santi Qtutri. Hia Holinaaa' 
 farourlte.(0 He had at firat offered 
 money which he had returned ; they now 
 hoped to b« aucceaaful aa thay pur(>oaed 
 bribing him with either horiea or 
 plata^f) nity Hanry'a tiganta went ao far aa 
 to bribe the Pope, by aakiog from Venice 
 the raatitution of Ravenna and Cervia.('>) 
 but in caaai of failnre they wan commandad 
 
 VH., 
 
 fa) Furaat. Lingard. 
 (b) Rapia de Thoyraa. 
 (•) Hiatoira dn Divorce da Henri 
 attribvied to Raynal. 
 {*) KayruO. La Qrand. 
 
 •i Biuuat. 
 Burnet. 
 V) Uagatd. 
 >) Lingaid. 
 
 to Inllmtdata Hia Hsllaaaa i thua did Ihay 
 h<i|ia 'o tatort from CUmant hi* ronaeiit to 
 tlic two ftrat doflornvnta whi<'h thta* nav 
 amenta had with tham. 'I'he tlrat waa mof* 
 fvpllril thktn tha dUpanaation had liean | 
 111* other a decretal bull, where the I'o{ni, 
 ■ eating on the authority of the Hook of 
 l^vitioua, would dacide that tha Uivina law 
 rrjacted «a iueeatuoua an union which tha 
 Book of Dautaronomy lia<l dtmdad to b« 
 Irglliinate. 
 
 Anne Boleyn waa no lontier the damael 
 who had apeoulatcd on liiir chaatity !• 
 aacvnd the throne i alie was, aocording to 
 the opinion of tha negoiiatora, an angel of 
 virtue, whom the king loved with a piaro 
 tovd. Tha I'upe, ft lied with affection torn 
 Henry, and not wialting to refute bias anf 
 requeai roin|natibl« with the honour of tho 
 Holy iSee, at,(ned the (raah diipenaation, 
 which waa deiMindant, Itke the flrat, on tba 
 legal dianulutioii of Katharine'* marrtaga by 
 au cccleaiaatical tribunal. Ha, however, haaU 
 tatrd with regard to the decretal, and, bf 
 hia oi dera, a oungregution of cardinala mil 
 lliFologiana waa convoked, ilrnry hail at 
 this aaiembly aome araloim paitiaana i b«l 
 the majority were of opinion that llw 
 decretal, if given in tha form required, 
 wuuld decide a point of coiitrovrray, con- 
 demn the Book of Deuteronomy, and 
 intuit the memory of Juliua Il.(i) After • 
 long debate, without any conoluaion baiud 
 arrived at, Oardber had an interview with 
 the Pope, and mingled with auch addraaa 
 threata with prayara, that Clement ron< 
 ■ented to convoke a aeoond aaeeably, whea 
 it waa agreed that Wolaey tbould ba coai< 
 misaiorted to exuinine into the validity of 
 the diapenaalion of Juliiia II., aioca "m 
 tha opinion of many learned men" the bull 
 appewrod to have been obtained on falao 
 grounda. A document waa tbarafon dmmi 
 up on the 3rd of April, not m the tanM 
 demanded by the agrnU hui in tho anoaV 
 ample form that the Papal ConacU would 
 admit. Tha act authoriaad WtAmj to ob« 
 tain the aaiiatanca of any biahop h* 
 pleaaad i to axamioe aummaiily, iwl witfa* 
 out any judicial form, into the value of 
 the bull granted by Juliua II., and of lh« 
 muiiaf* oontmetad befwaen Hanry aad 
 
 (I) Lingard. 
 
lea 
 
 MM or iii<iiiy viii. 
 
 ft I 
 
 may •(•imniI »i t«li»j( »h«f«froiii, wh^llwr ih« 
 dMi|Maa«tlun wm vtUtJ or •urr*|itiii<ius, tha 
 ■Mrriatf* vtii<l or illfiial, •n<l to iininaunot, 
 If th«r« WM ocMilon f«r ll, (h« ilivMrc«.(*) 
 Whan fill raiurnril to KiiKl*ii<i on lh« 
 Srd M»)r, hrinntng wUh lum lh«M Iwo 
 dtKuimnU, iitnry anii hi« inUircM couiii 
 •nrwljr fMlrain ih»»r Jwy (*) Out would 
 iMVfl imiiffinrd that lh« Hoir«r«l|rn i'ontlff 
 iMtl iitvtn Ilia eoDMiit to Uiaif iinnMidUta 
 ■MtfTiad*) Itiil VVulMr •Minitd qiiiU worn 
 •ut. AUrtnwi at tb« kh-M r«*|>unailiUkt)r 
 to uht ni M him by Horn*, for Ka wta 
 •alkd on t« daelda on lb* ItKality of a bull, 
 tha valldli; of a roarrUf(«, and iha Intar- 
 p<«Ulk>n of a taxt of holy Merlptura. Ha 
 ■hmik froia tha powar dalagatad to bin by 
 MllMfitjr hMa throu||h humilllr than f^lffht. 
 It la by no Mfuia rara io laa culpriti, avan 
 BU>r« ffuiltf than Wolaay, tuddanly 
 frif hianed i a aiKldan linht of graca aant 
 by Uod to awakan iha ainnar, if ha lia pra- 
 to do pananoa. or to Inoraaaa hia 
 nnatton, ahould ha cloaa hIa ayaa 
 
 to tha oparttion of Divina ffraca. 
 
 Wa may aay that, lika Haul on hia way to 
 OMBMeua, WuUay haard himaalf callad by 
 •MM, ha aroaa, an<l, flilad with tha Spirit 
 of God. want to hIa mattar. and declared 
 ha waa raady to aaeriflca for hia a»ka rcpu- 
 IntioD, fortune, graodaur, blood, all, aava 
 Ma conaeionoa i that with ona foot in hia 
 grava and raady to appaar btfora God, ha 
 had aworn to gr*nt no olhar concaaaion to 
 tha kinf than that which equity required i 
 that aa aovar«iKn judge, by rirtiM of tha 
 Pontiflenl authority, if ha found that tha 
 ball of JuUua II. had been laKitlmately 
 graatad. ha would eay ao in Ma eenUnce. 
 
 ▲ ehmt paaaaga, written by an eya- 
 wteaaaa will ahow ue what tormente thai 
 •ool muat have undergone who feared to 
 kkwtho world after having loat hie God.(<) 
 " It haa barn told me on eicrllent authority, 
 that the king employed aome very aavan 
 bngoago to him becauM ha (Wolaay) 
 •aemad tomewhat cooled on the queation 
 •f the divorce, and aaaured him that tha 
 
 Lingard.— Rymer. XIV., 187. 
 Dr. Fos'a lotltr to " 
 
 •ime'a App. 
 
 Fopa wouM nevw eoneant to It. Ha «•• 
 wunt o««MtoMally while waUlng with ma 
 to ipaali of hia prtvala hualnaaa and life 
 until Ihia hour, by what mrmn* ha had 
 arrived at hia preamil dignity, and how li« 
 ha<l bahavad, and aaeured me that if «lod 
 would vwwhaafa hin the grara of aaeing 
 iha h«ti«d of tU twa U»tU;M q-!.n«had, 
 and firm and laatliig f^iandahip ^•tat>'''«*»««l 
 hatwaan tha princae. he would iwmadiaUly 
 retire to aarva Ood tha reat of hia Ith and 
 would inaka it a p«)lnt ..f tionacieoce to 
 abandon all public biiaineaa."('«) And aa if 
 h« had a (ircaanttmant of hia own death, ha 
 haatened t«» bring tha huildinga with wh:rh 
 h« wM occupied to a termination, to legally 
 endow hia <roU«-gaa.C) to aaaiat hia profia- 
 ■ort, to aeeure them anough to live on 
 whan euparannualed, and U) make himaalf 
 balovad and blaaaed. Hut all tticee noble re- 
 eolutluna fell to the ground ftt the flnt attack 
 from tha devil. When ha gava ona hand 
 to Uod, ha Want wuU the other on power, 
 nnd aarth waa attonger than heaven. 
 
 To keep tha eeale of etate and to pre. 
 aerve peace in hia eoiil, Wolaay required a 
 Roman prelate, who would lecure tho 
 Judgaa from every auipi. ion <if pt^Hlnllty i 
 a eommlaaion or " pollicitation," »hloh the 
 Pope could not revoke in any f-mergenoy i 
 and laatly a decretal, where the Mead of the 
 Church would make the t«it in Uviticiie 
 dogmatical. If it were poaeible He h»<l 
 caH hia ayaa on Gampaggio, whom tha 
 Court of Roma would eaaily grant him. 
 To obtain tho " pollicitation," the following 
 trick waa raaorted to by hia eniiaa*riee al 
 at Roma i (we muat licg leave to aaaure 
 our raadera that w« are writing aober truth, 
 which " ia often atranger than fiction," and 
 not romancing.) They were to tell the 
 Pope, aa if in gmt griaf, (t) that, by tha 
 
 (<) Ultre de M. an BclUy, «v«qae da 
 Bayonne, t M. te crand maletre.— MM. 
 Bethuna, V. 8606, p. 89.— La Ufand. 
 
 (•) MSB. Bethuna. Le Urand. 
 
 (0 And felt aniioaa that the dedaiou ahooU 
 reet ralJier upon the reaponaibility of a Homaa 
 oardiaal. than upon bimaeU. — Tytler. 
 
 (t) Therefore ye ^all by eoma goud wsy 
 And tha meana to attain a »nr po fll e H a t t w, 
 with each or aa many of tha wwda a-.d adtt» 
 tlooa which I daviee aa ye eaa cat, wUckio 
 may do under tUa ooiour ^-Hmw to tM 
 Popa'a UoUaeaa, by way of aanow, how y«w 
 
r 
 
 eonMni to l». Ht «M 
 whil* walktni wtih RM 
 ivAla huitn«M ioH !''• 
 
 illl iliKniljri ••"t how U 
 •Muntl m« (hU if «(»< 
 itn ih« f f«i« "f •••*"ll 
 i»-a nati'.n* q'!-n*>»«'J. 
 4 h'i«n<lthi() »«««ti!««H«d 
 I, ha would in)iB«<ll«t«lT 
 I th* rM« uT bit hfii •»<! 
 |Hilnt "f «i«n»oltne« »«• 
 (i.i«.n««»."('«) And M i( 
 int o( hii own doth, h» 
 h« buildinHt wUh wh.ch 
 • Itrminulon. to Ivf^ly 
 i^«) to M»i»t hl« profb*- 
 itm cnouKh to hv« on 
 d, tnd t«» m«ke hiiiti«if 
 t. hut »ll th«M nobi* rt- 
 ground ftl tb« 9ratatt«eli 
 rh«n ha gav* ona band 
 ith th« other on jiower, 
 nKrr than heaven. 
 Ilia of atata and to pra> 
 
 WAil, Wolaajr requlrtd a 
 
 who would •ecuff tlia 
 r auipu ion III |i irtUdity i 
 polliciMiion," «hiob tba 
 roka \n any rmarKcooy i 
 al, wharc tha Maad (^ tha 
 ka the t«xt In t^avitk^ia 
 ware |M>«aibl« Ha ha<i 
 
 CtmpHlt\o, whom tha 
 routd taally grant him. 
 UletUtion," the following 
 
 to bj hia aniiaawiaa at 
 Ml bag laava to aaaara 
 « ■!• writing aober Iratb, 
 aanger than Action," and 
 They wera to t«U the 
 mt griaf, («) thii*. by tha 
 
 IC. on Bcllay. 4*4qaa da 
 l« urand maiatra.— MM. 
 p. 39.— La Oiand. 
 uie. La Urand. 
 ioua that ih« diwiMou abooU 
 a raaponsibilily of a Honguai 
 I btmaali'. — 'I'ytlor. 
 a ahalt by aoaia gMtd waf 
 attain a waw poHioHartnij 
 Muiy of tha wwda a-.d adA» 
 laa aa ya oaa Ml, wMak }• 
 Ua oolour ^-ikaiw la taa 
 J way at aonow, how yauv 
 
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.1 
 
 UPB or hknrt viit. 
 
 188 
 
 •ourier'a nef(li(renc«, tha pMket which 
 iiad k'ft Urvieto fur England had been ao 
 aoiled in Ihe carriage by the wet, that the 
 " polliciution " wa« iMifeotly illegible, and 
 had not been kid before hia majeaty i and 
 that conaequently they begged hia Holinesa 
 to deliver thetn a duplicate unleaa he wiahed 
 them to be accuved u( negligence. They 
 •lao aaid that they were delighteil to add 
 that they remembered the exact expreaaiona 
 uf the document, r.nd would dictate them 
 to the Chancery aeoretary i whilst ha waa 
 engaged in writing they were to uae other 
 " firequent. full, and available worda," which 
 he would in ail candour transcribe j and the 
 document thua corrected, reviaed, enlarged, 
 ud interpoUted, would be aent back to Eng« 
 land, and would tbia time, without delay, be 
 depoaited among the papers of the crown. 
 Gardiner was to act the part of prouipter.(>) 
 To ol>tain the decretal it was necessary 
 to touch Clement's heart, and Wols«y 
 knew how to do it; for hia Holinesa 
 could not resist tears and prayers, for he 
 had shed tears and prayed. Frcah instruc- 
 tiona were forwarded to hia agents at Rome ; 
 he wrote to Caaale, " Use, noble lord, all 
 the powers of yoiv mind to obuin a decretal 
 from the Popei promise him on my part 
 that aa I value the salvation of my soul, I 
 shall «how it to no one; that I ahall care- 
 fully conceal it from tha eyes of all, ao that 
 his Holinesa will have no cauae to fear not 
 even » ahadow of danger. If I have ahown 
 
 culler, to whom ye committed the conveyance 
 of the aaid pollicitation, so chanced in wet and 
 water in the carriage thereof, aa that the packet 
 where it was, with anoh letters as were with the 
 name, and amongst others tha reeoript of the 
 said petition, waa tolaUy wet, deiaced, 
 and not legible: eo aa that th« packet and 
 rescript waa, and ia detained by him to wh)>m 
 ya direct yoor letlais, and not delivered among 
 the others into the king's hands: and unles» 
 his Holiness, of his goodness, will grant onto 
 you a iomkU of tha aaid packet, ye see not but 
 that there ahall be mma nouble blame imputed 
 unto you for not hetievordering thereof, to the 
 conservation of it— Mart. M8S.— Bnniet. 
 
 (a) And thoa coming to a pollicitation, and 
 aaying yon will devise it as much aa you can 
 remember according to the former, ye by your 
 wisdom, and namely, ye M. Stephen (Gardiner) 
 mmmfiiti tht mmtm loi/M m moay ^ tk» turn, 
 and other pregnant, flill and available worda, 
 as is posaible; the same signed and sealed aa 
 the other ia, to be wiittm hi parohnant.— M88. 
 lb. 
 
 much eagerness in making this request, it 
 is not that it should be subservient to my 
 own interest; it is not that I should 
 abuae it ; it is, aa it were, an earnest of tha 
 kindly dispositions of the Holy See towards 
 the king deposited in my handa,(b) and 
 which I shall keep aa an evidence for my 
 maater, that Hia Holinesa, ao greU ia hia 
 confidence in my affection, will rafuaa 
 nothing that I aolieil. If until now tha 
 king has spontaneously defended the inta- 
 resU of the Apostolic See, I wish it to bo 
 known, that through my influence he would, 
 if called on, willingly abed his blood k> 
 guarantee the aeourity of the Holy 
 F»ther."(«) 
 
 The English writera, the moat attaehed 
 to the Reformation, bluah at the tricks 
 which Henry resorted to for the purpose of 
 obtaining a divorce. One of them (Sharoa 
 Turner) does not even try to conceal his 
 aympathy for the "unfortunate Pope," for 
 whom ao many anares had b.^en laid.C) 
 Henry knew how to take advantage of nkk 
 fortunes. When Clement waa a pikwu. 
 without resources, almost wlthoot aMMof, 
 healing on hia countenance tracsa of ^a 
 aufferinga he had borne from the Ateea of 
 Orange, he came with phariaaioal piety to 
 ask for a decree. He coloured his petition 
 under the pretext of raligion; he was % 
 religiouB king, humbly aoliciting on hia 
 knees, for conaoienoe' aake, the disaolotioii 
 of an union which he regarded aa inoeatu* 
 oua; in the one hand holding the book 
 which in his oonteat with Luther had won 
 for him the title of " Defenaor Fidei," and 
 in the other a Treatiae on the Levitical pro> 
 hibition, his own work also, and of which 
 he Msured His Holiness, with a lie in hia 
 mouth, the moet learned prehUea in the 
 kingdom approved. Casala bribed the 
 secretary with money, and the prslatoa, 
 who had not enough to purchase new c«»* 
 aocka, with vesaela of gold. Gardiner 
 having failed to ovenome the obatinaoy of 
 the Holy Father by teara and anpplieaticn% 
 
 0>) Le Grand. 
 
 («) There ia another letter aa pressing aa 
 this from Wolsey to George Ossale, in tha 
 British Museum.- MSS. CotL B. X. 
 
 (A) We csn hardly read the account of 
 theae objurgations without qrmpathy for tha 
 ndbrtunate Pope.— Tomer. 
 
 rr-.-- 
 
 ■^ i 
 
•i^ 
 
 114 
 
 luul racourte to thrwti and in»i)tli. " Race 
 of ungrateful nitn, ya wra ignorant ■■ tu 
 your duty : ya appanr tu ba aa aimpta ita thr 
 dova, and your hearta an (Iliad with dupU* 
 city, cunning, and fraud I Ya prumiaa and 
 koap not your promliai. What do wa Mk of 
 you) Juatioe. If you (laraiat In youv Irrrao* 
 Itttion. it willba aald thathravanhaa deprived 
 you (if undoratanding, and the opinion 
 kitkerto exploded will iRain gain gtuund, that 
 Ike Pa|tal jara, of h hioh the i'o|M> hiinaclf 
 doubta, are only worthy of the flainea."(*) 
 Oardinar would hardly have praiumad to 
 apeak thua to PrUndaberK, liooauaa the 
 okiff of the Qermaa lanoera had a aword at 
 kia aide and an Iron Kaimtlct on hia hand t 
 but what had he to fear from that poor old 
 o»n who had only an old ouihion to alt on 
 ■ot worth twenty p»'nceH'') To theao 
 threata the Pope'a only reply waa, with 
 tkUd>like candour. " Do n:)t UfKO me, I 
 k«Ta not atudied the anbject, and am not 
 •uSciently veracd in canon law to give a 
 deoUbn without reflixtion." Oardinar. 
 iaatoad of properly appreciating the Pope'a 
 wply, tku<( wrute to hia court i " You aee, 
 though it be a aaying in canon law, that 
 the Pope kaa all that ia called jut in hia 
 kieatt, yet God does not aeem to have oon> 
 ^ded the key to hia truat."(<>) And the un< 
 happy Pontiff waa apoken to " ao roundly,"(<>) 
 (auch are Oardincr'a own worda) that 
 ka wept bitterly. At langth the nego- 
 tiatk>nH were brought to a oloaei and it 
 I annoonced in England that the Pope 
 
 Ltni or HIKHT VIII. 
 
 (a) O, moat ungnteAil race of men 1 Mo«t 
 aasi4ei<t of their duty! They, who ought (o 
 he aintple aa dovea, vita an open heart, are full 
 of ovary deceit, and ounni^g, and dtosimulation. 
 Tkay promiao all things in their worda and per- 
 form Bothfaig. We only ask jtutice of you : as 
 yott peniat in doubt, a harder thought will 
 wifM in the mind concerning this see, that 
 kaaven haa taken away the key of knowledge 
 from it ; and the opinion hitherto exploded, 
 wfll bi^ not to dkpleaae, that the Papal ^itra, 
 whiek to the Pope himoelf are uncertain, era 
 only wortky of Ike flunaa.— Gardinar'a Letter, 
 
 (B) Covered with the piece of an old cover- 
 let not worth twenty pence.— Turner. 
 
 (•) Hit Holiness said that he waa not 
 iMuned; and U> eay truth, albeit it were a 
 aaying in the law that the Pope has ommiajmrt, 
 in the dirine of hia breaat, yet Ood never gave 
 Urn the key to open it— Sttype. 
 
 (A) We ^oke vonndly unto kirn.— Strype. 
 
 had granted the daoratal. But hoW mm ll 
 w.riladr Did It daclare that the union 
 hetwtan Henry and Katharine waa null and 
 void, il it could be pmvtid that Arthur 
 waa the king's brother: that AHhur Mid 
 Katharine had attained the ago of pul>arty 
 on the day of their marriage i that the 
 marriage, aa ftur aa they could JndKe by 
 pieniimption, had been conaummated ' 
 lliia Herbert and Burnet afftrro, and pro. 
 dtico a copy of the decretal i but who ri>n 
 prove the genuineneas of tha copy } Waa 
 there not water enough in the 'rhnnim Ut 
 rander tha moat Important paasages in the 
 bull illegible t Wera tliera not aids enough 
 in London to e Jiioe all thai waa opposed 
 to the will of Henry and hia miatreaol 
 Wa shall prtaantly oee that in order to 
 deceive the people, it waa not neoeaaary 
 either to acouae a courier of negligence or 
 to call in the aid of a chemist : and to 
 prove thia we muat refer to Henry'a evl« 
 dence for the genuineness of ibe copy. 
 Even admitting, aocordinK to Burnet, that 
 it settled the point of coiitroveray, the bull 
 left the queation de/acto fur the decision of 
 the legates. (•) 
 
 Campeggio, whose naaislanre Wolaey bad 
 requested (0 in the important trial about to 
 commence, was one of the liglits of hia ago. 
 Under Lao X. he had protected Braamua 
 against some writer* who wera Jaaktua of 
 the phUoaophar.(f) He had often InvitMl 
 him to Rome, and wiahed to mako kim » 
 diplomatist, (^) but he would have had to 
 traverae the Alpa and frequent the hoetel- 
 riea of Italy ( and the philoeopher did not 
 Mke either tha Alpa or tkooe enonaoua 
 atove* whicb ha would be oertain to find 
 on his road, as their he-M aacended to bia 
 bead; aucb at leaat were bia reaaonafor 
 refiwing the cardinal's pnaaing tavitatkm. 
 After hia wile'a death in 1M>9. Cnnpeggio 
 took holy orden; in 1517 hr received the 
 eardinal'a bat from Lao X., and wa* 
 at a later poiiod employed by Adrian 
 VII. on important buainesa. Htnry VIII. 
 
 (•) Llngard. 
 
 (') The English ambasaadon had said to 
 the Pope : " Wu UiungLt Uardinal Oanpeggio 
 should be a very meet peraun to be sent mto 
 BnRland."— Btrype. 
 
 (■) Epiot. Braom., Xil., % 
 B|^ Eraam., XIX., lOS. 
 
 « 
 
lUl. But how »M il 
 cUre that th« union 
 Btliarlnfl wti null and 
 I pmvml tliat Arthur 
 ler ! that Arthur Md 
 eil thfl aK« of puliarty 
 r marhaflei that Iha 
 thejr could JndKt hy 
 been ronaummated ' 
 irntt sMmi, and prn< 
 icnrntal i but who cikn 
 IS of the copy t Waa 
 igh in th« 'i'hnmrii Ut 
 >rtant paata||«t in the 
 I thare not aida enough 
 
 all thai waa oppoiad 
 ry and hia niatraaal 
 aM that in ordar to 
 
 it waa not neeaaaa r y 
 lurier of nagliganet or 
 of a chemist: and to 
 
 refer to Henry'a evU 
 ilnenreit of iha copy, 
 online to Burnet, that 
 F controverey, the bull 
 tcto fur the deoition of 
 
 naaistanre Wolsey bad 
 nportant trial about to 
 )f the liKbts of hia af|e. 
 lad pnitrotrd Braamua 
 > who were Jaaloua of 
 Ua had often Ini^tMl 
 riahed to make hiaa a 
 he would have had to 
 d frequent ihahoatel- 
 it philoaopher did not 
 « or thoae enonaoua 
 wdd b« oertain to find 
 r heH aacendad to Ua 
 k were bia reaaona for 
 I'a pvaaaing invitation, 
 h In 1A09. Cmpeggio 
 I 1517 he received ibe 
 a Leo X., and waa 
 employed by Adrian 
 luaineaa. Henry VIII. 
 
 mbaimdora bad said to 
 gLi Cardinal Oanpenio 
 t panua to be ««int uto 
 
 XII.. % 
 XIX., 109. 
 
 LirR or HKNRY VIll. 
 
 IM 
 
 bad nominated him Biebop of 8aliahury,(i) 
 and had preaenud him with a reaidroca at 
 Rome, which hu liad flret raagiiiUcenily 
 furniahrij. CumpeKgio waa a w*n of tpiiuk 
 rumeptiMn, but alow and dilatory, umnn to 
 hi* lieing lubjeot to attack* of rhaiimatio 
 Kuut. We rouit candidly acknowledge that 
 Hi* iluliiiei* trusted that he would gain time, 
 li.ith by the welUkiiiivn dilat^rinaaa of Ciim- 
 pegxiu aa alao by hia being often laid up 
 with the gout I while Clement, at Rome, 
 wiihed, like Juahua, to stop the tun; 
 whereat, at London, it waa deeirable that 
 hit progreta ahould be quiokaned. Cam- 
 peggio had received int:ructiona to go 
 alowly,( ) and tu repose em route,- and, 
 once at London, to conciliate all parties.(<') 
 lie waa to adviie the queen to take tlie veil, 
 and the king to give up all idea of «epara- 
 tlon 1(d) to tarry and delay the trial aa far 
 aa depended on him, and at all eventH to 
 abatain fr itn pronouncing t' ■ intenceC") 
 until he had laid the caae before the Apot- 
 tolie 8ee. We may perceive that however 
 carefully the decretal might have been 
 drawn up, atill that it weighed heavily on 
 the Pop a heart i the legate, moreover, waa 
 ordereii to take the greatett care of it, and to 
 abow it to none but Henry and Wolaey, and, 
 after they had {teruaed it, to commit it to 
 the ilamea.(0 Faithful to hit inatruction*, 
 Canpegfio proce eded aa ilowly aa he could 
 and alept every night tn routt. He took 
 nearly a month to go from Roma to Parii, 
 and never did Henry feel ao delighted aa 
 when told that the legate waa about to 
 embark at Calaie. He wrote off imme- 
 diataly to hia well-beloved: "The legale, 
 
 (•) Lingard. 
 
 (k) I therafore repeat to yoo, aa I have 
 already written, that yon will eaidaavoer, aa 
 BMMh aa po*aible, without giving otiMce to the 
 aerene king, to delay the proaecntioB of yonr 
 ioamey.—Pamphleteer, No. XLIII. Extract 
 f^mn the dltpatchea of Oampegaia to Baaga. 
 Letlere di XIII. uomini iUiMri, IMh Sept.. 
 Ift9& 
 
 (•) PWti^letaer. 
 
 (d) Amd^ftMrU»0t90^tffbrtlaih*Hlkt 
 ktiig from M* prmmt etBrtaiMH. Pauph- 
 leleer. No. XLIIL 
 
 (•) If however thingiAoald eome to eatre- 
 mtty. yon will not enffer any i&flnence to 
 eniort froaa yon a daeision ; bat will wait for 
 inlhar faMtmctiona henee. floe anaMmiai « 
 flMstfanfat 9U aMMlalMai.'«*lb. 
 
 (0 Liaganl. 
 
 whoaa arrival we have been looking forward 
 to with such impatience, arrived latt 8un< 
 (lay or Mon'luy at Pari*, enti I hope next 
 Moniliiy to hear of hi* arrival at Calais, and 
 thortly iift*r to enjoy that which I have ao 
 lung deaircd. 1 will not at prctent aagr 
 more, except that I wiah you were eithev 
 in my arma or I in your* ; fur it i* indeed 
 long, very long, to uiy thinking, since I laat 
 embraced you. Written at eleven o'clock, 
 after the death of a atag, which I killed with 
 my own hand, hoping by tlie aid of Uod to do 
 a* much to-morruw. From the hand of him 
 who 1 hope will aoon be youra."(f) 
 
 While the legaU waa advancing alowly 
 toward* Enghmd, ao awful epidemio 
 travoraed, like lightning, the variotia tffsa- 
 tiee of the i«l»>i(l, leaving every where traces 
 of ita ravages \ it waa called the iwtmting 
 lickneu. The Bishop of Bayonnt, tb« 
 French ambaisadoi at London, baa thua de- 
 acribed iti "The 'notatintf tiekn*u,' • 
 malady which hat nude ita appearaneo 
 within the last four daya, ia the enaiea* 
 method of dying. The patient fMla a alight 
 headache aiid pain in bia heart, and the* 
 suddenly commencea perapiring. No piby* 
 aician ia required, for any one that expoaee 
 himtelf, no matter bow alightly, or who baa 
 toorouch covcringonhiro, falla into a bngoid 
 aute, within four, oocaaionaUy two or tbnt, 
 hours, anch aa ia experienced after vioieot 
 fevers. It ia not very severe, for only 3000 
 or 3000 have been carried off in London 
 alone, within the laat three or fonr daya. 
 Yeaterday, on my way to awear to the traee^ 
 I obaerved the people aa thick aa flien 
 roabing to their houaes and begi^minn to 
 aweat aa aoon aa they were taken IB. I 
 met the Milaneae ambaaaador leaving Ui 
 houae in great hute, bccauae two or thiw 
 of hia attendanta had been aoddenly takes 
 ilL The ambaaagdora moat, my lordL 
 neceaaarily have their abare, and at leaet w 
 far aa I am concerned, wiU yoa not have 
 gained your wiahea, for you cnnnot bonat 
 that yoa have killed me by atarvation, and 
 moreover the kinf; wiU have gained nia* 
 monthe of my service grmtnitciialy ? Bj 
 the God of Paradise, my lord, whoa 
 the aweat and the fever will come ta 
 visit me, I ahall not regret it at 
 
 (■) The letter ia ia BogUah. 
 
 „- i 
 
IM 
 
 Ltm nr iiKNMY VIII, 
 
 mon 
 
 uMjr 
 
 M tlitir fltM 
 
 who w«n 
 lk«n m/Mlfi bul 
 tliim.'» 
 
 li to ouriuui to •ittdx. tlurinff tha ttty of 
 
 iha trMurKa In Kn||Und, tha eotidurt of 
 
 tha fi>\ir prim'l|)*) chararlara of tha drama 
 
 wlitoh wa «f« ahortly (o wUnaaa. Thrae of 
 
 th»Ni, tha king, Anna, and tha oanlinal, 
 
 arara % prwy (n Iha aama dUaaia {('••r), 
 
 Anna Aed for rafUKa to llavar I'aitlt, In 
 
 Kant, forgatAil of har royal lovar, and' 
 
 wvareooM bf an apprahrnaion of immliiant 
 
 daalh. Mha thounht no lonfjar of llanry, 
 
 but, with har fAthar, ai|)actad tha hut 
 
 •ummona avary riMMiiant. Thay aoarcvly 
 
 <rMiui«d 10 think of \hair phyaieian, llutia, 
 
 vIm wna conflnad with tham in ihair 
 
 turfat. Ilawy, at tha t|)|truMh of dangar, 
 
 tSMUftht n« mora of hit " aaorata nMttar i" 
 
 to kaap off tha plagua ha oonfbaaad dailj, 
 
 MhI mi avaiy Sunday racaiva<i tha holy 
 
 tiMHBunlon.(k) Hia (bimar affavtion for 
 
 Mm enrdiMi aaantd to hava raturnad, and 
 
 Im arrott him lattara U|M>n lattera. Ila 
 
 w M iad Wolaay to be near him in caaa cf 
 
 llMt thay night know how aithar 
 
 Kaibarina and tha king had but ona 
 
 k«^ no that, if aarpnaMi by death, llanry 
 
 wvM b« nUa to obuin n P»»tr from har 
 
 I 1m daaifad to divor«a. .'Wotaay, atill, 
 
 by thinking of blihMt wUl. 
 
 ; a pan ami drew it up aabmitting it to 
 
 tiM »|iprobntioo of hia ro^ nuurtar. Haniy 
 
 M tka a«M and rMd it to Wolaay, in 
 
 wdv that thnt eoaldaat of tha toyat aaoreta 
 
 ■right aaa ttMcoaldaaca and aflaction pUccd 
 
 in hUn hy tha king aaora than in any othar 
 
 ^) Daa*hmifbtMwcoaM|i«aroald 
 
 ■r and tha Cavowito puriflad by 
 
 ■atdy to appaar balbra that draad 
 
 Kiaia aball b« hod open. 
 
 no ahow of aither hat 
 
 I ; aha hopad to dia aa ahe 
 
 bal IraH, naigiwd to tha will of haavao. 
 
 Mthar, a faitlifal wilb, a 
 
 aha had not waited for 
 
 of danger to pray ; ainoa aha 
 
 I not c day had puaed with- 
 
 Maui. noi a Sunday with* 
 
 All ikat aha 
 
 prayad for waa to Jia na«r llanry unii Mnry. 
 Uaath eaina noti tha atiourMa pMiad 
 by, and than Anna, llanr), Wolaay, 
 and Kalharlna raturnad lu Lunilun. Tha 
 Franoh ambaaaadur had pradiciad that 
 Uanry would forgat hia paatlon In tha 
 abaanea of hia mlatraaa i ha waa mlitakan. 
 " i am a bad prophal," wrltti hai "and to 
 tell you rendlfUjr, In my opinion, tli« king 
 la ao Infatuaud thai Ood alona oura lilm."(<') 
 Tha iHMurga onca paaaad.C) iba king loat 
 all racolUctiun of tha dangar ha had )u«t 
 aa«apcd, and tha lovar raappaarad witl. 
 thoaa daalraa which abaanea gaaaraliy ln> 
 llainaai "I wiah. my bahivad, to hava 
 aoma intalllganca of your haalth and happl* 
 naaa, In which I taka aa much intaraat aa 1 
 do in my own, prying Uod, If it plaaN 
 Him, aoon to tialto na, fbr 1 aaaura yoa 
 th«^ I hava long waltad for that momani, 
 which la cartainly not now (Wr dlitant. In 
 tha abaanoa of my daar friand, I cannot do 
 battar than aand bar tn my uama a roabuok, 
 aa a aouvanir of llanry, pmiHottng that 1 
 ahall aoon wait on you myaalf in royal 
 atyla, and would to Uo<l I could do it 
 aow."0 Anna, at tha very moment that 
 araa about to daoida har lo^^ and givatw 
 taka ttom har a crown, furgut tha paat, and 
 
 (d) LIngaH. 
 (•) 
 
 poaaaaaad a alight know* 
 Thara U in tha UrlUih 
 
 i 
 
 '•) M88 
 
 >) MM. 
 
 V. 
 B*^kmm,V. 
 
 Haury VIII. 
 ledge of medicine. 
 Muaeum (Ooll. Sloana, 1047) a voluaa con- 
 taining varioua nraaoriptloaa, aoma of whi^t 
 ate in tha kiag^a haadwiiling. Tha flnt 
 ia a plaialar, iBveatad by hia ati^aatyi 
 many oiatmanta are alao attributed to him. 
 At laa head of ona of tkaaa pharmaoautlcal 
 
 Jtreparattona wa read aa Ibllowa ; " A plaiater 
 ur Lady Anna of Olaraa, to nolliiy and laaaen 
 certain awallinn noceeding from cold, and to 
 diaaipata tha boila on Iha atooweh." In a 
 work autitlad " da hMfUiM /or Me ditmaed," 
 Via 4to, Lcndon, l&9b, folio 9, page 2,) ia a 
 leoMdy agaiiMt the plague, diaoovarad by 
 Hauy VIII., and aent by him to tha Lord 
 Mayor of London. Among the 1188. of 8ii 
 Haaa Sloana ia a waaeription thua jaadad:— 
 " A madycyn for ike paatylenoc of King Haniy 
 VII I. wkha hath halpyd dyren paraoua." In 
 tha Dritirii Mnaawa ( MSIl. Coll., Titna. B. I., 
 p. SM) ia a latter from 8tr Brian Take to 
 Wolaay, where the king aipreaaea great rcat- 
 leaaneea for the miniater'a health, and ordera 
 him, if ha daairea to be cured aoon of the 
 awealing, to taka light auppera, and to drink 
 wine Teiy raodwately, and to uaa a oaitabl 
 kindofidU. 
 (0 Tha letter la to Bagliab. - >u <> . 
 
•nr lUiiry unil Mnry. 
 tb« MourM* |immh1 
 fl, llaiir), NVulMy, 
 •(I (u l^nilun. 'I'tit 
 had iifMliviiti Ihkt 
 hli pkulun in th« 
 II I h« WM mUtakan. 
 " wrkui li»i "ami to 
 my »))lnion, lli« king 
 >ti kloM oura lilni."('') 
 Mad,(*) Iba king loal 
 I dangar ha had )u«l 
 nur raftppaarad mUI. 
 ibaanea gaaarelly in* 
 ly bahivad, to have 
 lur haalth and happU 
 aa much intaraat aa 1 
 ing Uod, kf it plaaaa 
 ua, for 1 aaaura yon 
 id for that momant, 
 now fWr dlitont. In 
 ir friand, I cannot do 
 I my naina a roabuok, 
 rj, iimdiottng that 1 
 yuii myaalf in royal 
 Uo<l I oould do it 
 a very momant that 
 bar lo^^ and givatw 
 , forgut tha pMi, tad 
 
 •aaaad a alight know* 
 ara ia in tha Urltiali 
 
 1047) a Toluaa con- 
 ttlaoB, aoma of whiwt 
 Iwriling. Tha flnt 
 id by hia au^aatyi 
 ao attributed to him. 
 
 tkaea pharmaoautleal 
 
 Ibllowa ; •• A piaiatw 
 u to nolliiy and laaaaa 
 ding from oold, and to 
 tha atomaoh." In a 
 iuM for $K§ dimued," 
 folio 9, Mge 2.) la a 
 ague, duooverod by 
 
 by him to the Lord 
 iong the M88. of 8ir 
 ption thua jeadod:— 
 tyleBO« of King Honiy 
 i dyren peiaoua." In 
 Sll. Coll.. Titna, B. I.. 
 B Sir Brian Take to 
 ; eipreaaea groat rcat> 
 t'a health, and ordeia 
 Im eurod eoon of the 
 roi^Mra, and to drink 
 •Dd to uae a oaitahi 
 
 Bgliab. 
 
 tint 09 HBNHt Till. 
 
 lar 
 
 in tafffla of graal affbetlon to tha 
 Mfdlnal. One day oha wrote to hltni 
 " Fwdon m« for lntorru|>tlng your occu|hi- 
 tlon by a latter an badly written aa llila | 
 Ktlrihuto It to tha Joy I faiil In ateartolning 
 that j-ou ara In gimA health. I ahall never 
 eeaae to brg of (lod in my prayera ti> 
 vnuohiafe to yon, who are ao denr tn m«, a 
 iong life, for that ii tha only way in which 
 I oan pay tha debt iif gratitude I owe you." 
 And again— "Aa, my lord, I am indebted to 
 you for all my hapiiineaa, I love you mor« 
 than any on* in the world, aava tha king, 
 and I promia* you that ao long aa I live I 
 ahill do all in my power to ahow my 
 graliludo to you...Qod be praiacd for 
 
 having vouohaafed to pieaarva two paraong 
 ao daar to ma, I doubt not but that you 
 ara preearved for the aeoorapliehRMnt of 
 eome great dealgn. If it be decreed by 
 Almighty (lod that my bualnaa* ba tcnal> 
 naied, I pray that It may be aa eoon M 
 pua*ibla i then, my lord, I ehall ba abia to 
 r«pay you for all tha paina you have lakaa 
 in my behalf... "(■} 
 
 (•) dee Hnmet-llerl. MUoell.— Paaiyh* 
 Inliwr — Turiitir. - FUidaa' Life ut CardlMl 
 Wiil*ny, Tlt« ftr«t loiter of Anne Boleyn I* 
 Wolwiy U prmHirvMii in the Hrliieh Moaraai, 
 (MMH. Vltfll, H. Xli.) Mr. KIIU betierea 
 tiiat ihU letter, without a ■ignatore, le tnm 
 Kitharine of Arragon.P-MlTi. Oetl. Oikak 
 
 CHAPTER XX. 
 
 CAMPBOOrO.— l63(>-t639. 
 
 Afrival of Oampcnlo In Cnglaod.— Hit vleit to tha King eod Qaeen.— ladiartno'a i 
 the UgalM.--N«w intrignee on tha part of Hiitirjr .t Uome.— Mltelon at BHaa 
 Yaimee^Mdiner tbreatMi* the Pope with a Mhlim in Englaiuf .— Ttie L«rum dt 
 trial.— Katharine and Haniy oiled tMfore the KMUtlaallnal trilwnal — Kaiharioa dwlirei 
 maoioua.— Ineidenta eonaeeled with the Irltd.- The Queen appeala lo the Pope. 
 
 Oamvbooio landed in England about tha 
 and of Septombar, 163(1, and on the I at 
 October arrivad at Cantorbury.(a) H* w^-> 
 aueh a martyr to tha gout aa to ba nnablo 
 to rida, bat waa obliged to ba carried in a 
 Utter. Ha apcnt tha day with tho Dnke of 
 Norfolk, and on tha monow, croaaing the 
 Thamaa. took up hia reeidaooa with tbo 
 Biahop of Bath, where be waa ooafload to 
 hia bed for • wbola waak.(») AnnaBolagni. 
 in obadienoe lo tha king, left London. 
 "To aae Henry and Katharine," acya an 
 ey»>witneee, " one would not have imi^ned 
 that there wm a dUipnto, aa thcjr had but 
 opa bad *i!d one table."<:«) 
 
 V*) There ie to the Britiah Mneenm a letter 
 float Brian, raneeling the reception of the 
 legal*.— M88. Cott., Vit., B. XII. 
 
 (k) Le Grand. M88. BAhnne, v. 8602. 
 Cavandiah. 
 
 (•) Letter of l>aBellay,M88.B«lhaaekT. 
 
 It night b* aaid tbat H'-nry waa aa 
 afraid of Campeggio aa be ba.i been of tho 
 pbgu*. iEalbarin* waa aa fcwie** aa rito 
 waa innoeant, and aa cheerful aa aba had 
 b«Mi wb*n in tb* heyday of h*r triiaopli.O 
 Wobey, tonn«ntMl by the aaxidy of • 
 oonadeaca iO at raet, £d sU he eonld to 
 qoiet the peopi*. wIkv oompae*ionailin« 
 the nriafortonea that bad befallen thdr 
 quean, looked at Henrj- wHh • nnaeinir 
 eye, amilcd on aeeing tbo minislcr, and 
 aaid aloud: "Letlbemdo what they lifc«( 
 the huaband of tb* Princes* Mnry, b* ho 
 whom he may, ehaU. after all, be to* Kiac 
 of Enghuid.''(*) 
 
 On Thovaday. 93nd Oetobrr. lftt8.Gh» 
 pcngw had hie flrat interview with Ika 
 king. He had prepared hie apeech. in whiah 
 ha praiead Henry Car erer having 
 
 ^4 
 
 On Beilay. MS8. B*«k«ae^ v. SOL 
 DaBeilay. 
 
T 
 
 LirN OP HiNar mi. 
 
 kimMUlo ba Um Mthftil aUf of Um Htrif 
 8m. for wbom hit HolinM* MsiMd nmdf 
 to do tU that u ■fftcltonaU ratkw could do 
 for Um b«»t or soni. Tha hint wm t»k«n 
 by tba GOuriiiHra, but llanrjr wanted aoma 
 poaitiva aaauraaca.(>) Canip«g||io waa now, 
 ia hia turn, monarch of Kogiand, and 
 llanrjr tcarraly cvir laft him, viaiUuK him 
 moroing end evanirig. U« wiahad iu luaka 
 Itin aiMsk, but tha legata rrfuaad to 
 gi«« My axplaDatioo, but oonfload hlmaalf 
 wHIiiB tha myatarioua ileptha uf diplo- 
 maMe aUanoai hii aya wia impaaiibla aa 
 U« Upa war* di«crca!.(k) Hanry attain 
 had hod weooraa to that ayataaa of oor- 
 ni|itioB to wbkh ha waa alraady much 
 indabtad. Bafora taking holjr ordara 
 Calnpaggio had baan married, and had 
 brought hia auoond aon, Rodolfo, (whom 
 Bamat rapraaanta aa ona of thoaa baatarda 
 who too ofkan, in tha lixtaantb oenturj, 
 fbfmed a portion of the noblcroan'a auii«).(*) 
 Tha title of knight waa conferred on 
 Bodolfo, but the father, though eitremelf 
 UrMeful for thia act of royal oourteey, 
 pnaanred the aame impaatibility. He wae 
 than tempted with the wealthy aee of Dur« 
 hMB, whoceannoal rovenue waa £90,000, but 
 Quapegfio reftaaed the epiacopate, whoae 
 i«vcnuca» daring the vacancy of tha aee, 
 had been at tha diapoeal of tha king'a 
 B^traea fbr a twelvemonth.(<') It waa 
 then, at Anne'a raquact, preaanted to 
 ToaataL(*) Faithful to hia inatruotiona, 
 tha lagata exhorted Henry to aliandon hi* 
 plaa, and in order to influence him, pointed 
 oat the miaehief which might enaoa were 
 tha divurca gruttad — tha diaaatiafactJoa of 
 tha nation, the anger of Charlea, the grief 
 «i hia only child, and. porhapa, the death 
 o( bar mother t but Henry wh inflaxible.(') 
 
 J 
 
 (•) Le Grand. 
 
 fk) Le Grand. 
 
 fa) Oampaulo apent the dar in hontiBg 
 
 d ahuotlng, and brought ona of hie beetarda 
 to England with him.— Bnmet. 2V«e wiffiU 
 UmHtkm Ikan Ihrtt Km*/— Le Grand. 
 
 (') For it ia a very curkiua, int B tt Mn fatt, 
 that (he vroAte and remraae of that apieeopal 
 palatinato were actually given np fbr one year 
 to Anne Boleyn.— Howard. 
 
 (•) The ledy, having e^ioyed it for a year, 
 waa content to |dve up the enjaeopal thrcae 
 fbr the proapeot of a mora brilliant one, and 
 TcMtal todcftiU paaaaarioa^Id. lb. 
 
 p) La Grand. 
 
 Invteiid of a diapenaatloa, Campeggin had 
 only liruught him advice. 
 
 Un the a7th October tha legate*, accom- 
 panied by four other biehope, vMiud 
 Kalharine, who receiveil them with vieible 
 emotion. Carop#ggio, after huving ealutrd 
 her in the nante of the HovereiKO I'untilT, 
 entreated her to oonaent to leave a prince 
 who luved her nu lunger, t<i «aii.riflea her 
 own happineee to the peaoo of Cbriatendom, 
 and, by an act of haroiem which would 
 render her name immortal, to prevent a 
 aohiem which her reeiatanca would k ertaln^y 
 introduce into England.(f) Katharine fell 
 deeply that her Arat marriage had been 
 oootracted under foarful auipioe*. 0"e 
 of the eecret clauaee of her union with 
 Arthur had been, that, to continue the 
 crown in the Tudor line, the yuung Earl 
 of Warwick, the laat of the inantageneta, 
 ahould be put to deeth, and thii rtipulatad 
 eacrifioa had been |>«rrt>rnied, in the pre- 
 eence of the Chancellor of Caaiilla.C') The 
 blood of the Plauiagenet aeeined to her to 
 ba tha cauae of all the mieery and mie- 
 fortnna ahe had undergone. Campeggio 
 took advantage of thia idea to impreee on 
 her tha neceaaity of taking tha vail; but 
 Katharine waa a mother, and Mary waa at 
 her eide: " My lorda," aaid tha Qaeen. 
 looking fliedly at the legatee, "it ia a 
 queatiun, in your opinion, whether my 
 manrUga with Henry, my lavd,ia lawful, 
 though wa have been anited fur aeariy 
 twenty yeara. There are prthttea, torde of 
 tha Friry CounoU, who ona atiaal to tha 
 purity of oor wedding, and yat it ia bow 
 wiahad to ba loohad on aa iaoaattMoal 
 Thia ia atraaga, poaaiag atranga, toy lorda^ 
 when I eall to mind the wiedoaa of Henry 
 VII., how dearly I waa loved by mj father 
 Ferdinand, without apaahing of tha Pope, 
 whooa diapanaation 1 atiU have, I oannat 
 pavauada myaelf that a marriage eoatraeted 
 uadar thair auapieeB ooald ba aaarilogioaa.*' 
 
 (I) Cardinal Campeggia had mMimkMi 
 (aeaor4ktg to Oe o'dtrt glM» to Mai Ay Me 
 Ptpi), to reeeacUa the king and aueen, but 
 ia vain, owing to Ike obeltaaay of tha kinfk 
 Mever^eea, he eodeavoared to eonevie 1M 
 nneen, and advked her. for her greater ea* 
 enrity. to retire into oobm moaa et aty.— PO 
 Boaa. 
 
 (h) Sea Ch^tar L 
 
lUm, CMBptKHln h«l 
 rict. 
 
 «r tha l«Kat«t, accom- 
 btr bUhop*. vuiUil 
 m\ iktm wiib Titibit 
 ), after huvtRK ulutrii 
 i« Sovanitin I'untiir, 
 «nl to !••?• ■ prlnca 
 ingar, (•> MCfillea bar 
 paaoa of t'briatandom, 
 laroian wbich would 
 imorul, to pravant m 
 aUae% would v ertaia\f 
 Dd.(f ) Katbvina fait 
 I marrlaga bad baan 
 irful auipioaa. 0»a 
 I of bar union witb 
 bat, to continua tha 
 line, tba yuung Earl 
 ; of tba iMantaganata, 
 h, and thia ciipulatod 
 erformed, in tha pra> 
 ororCa*tiUa.(>>) Tha 
 mat aaainad to bar to 
 tha miaarj and mia- 
 lergona. CampaffRio 
 lia idaa to imprcaa on 
 takiiiK tba vaUt but 
 bar, and Marjr waa at 
 da." aatd tha Qiiani, 
 ha legates, "it ia a 
 ipintuD, whatber my 
 f, my lovd.ia lawfal, 
 an anitad fur naarlf 
 ■ ara prtlatea, lorda of 
 rbo oaa atiaat to tlw 
 If, and yat it ia noar 
 d on aa iaMatiumal 
 Ibr atimnge, injr lordly 
 tba wiadooa of Henry 
 raa Wad by my father 
 ipaahittf of tlM Pope, 
 1 atiU have, I onnnat 
 a narriafta eoaAraeled 
 9oald bo a atr ila n t t M." 
 
 1^10 Bad andM^HMiivSi 
 *n giMM lo him bg lAt 
 a kinc aad auaan, but 
 oftha k 
 
 obaltaaay 
 laTonrad to eanaola tUc 
 tn, tot km fcmtm aa> 
 moaa at at y. — P* 
 
 UVR or Rlllllf Vlft. 
 
 IM 
 
 Umb timiiaff lAvarda Wulaey t " My lord. 
 I accuM yuul Cantinal uf York, yuu 
 vm tha oauaa u( all my auierin(|t. You 
 ara duultila«a i>if«ii(lrd at my liberty. I 
 ban mardy giran my opinion rrapaetiDK 
 your intii((aa^ jrour arroganoa, your am- 
 bition, your tyranny. You have wreaked 
 your vrnKmnce iin inyaelf and my nephew, 
 and your *«n|{raiioe liaa eieeeded our con- 
 Umpt." Hhe then retired without even 
 alluwiiiK >V<>Ucy to juitify himaelf(*) 
 
 Hfiiry, who oould poither intimidate nor 
 corrupt Campadgio, wiahad to entangle him 
 in a coinpromiae, and hia letter lo bin mia- 
 treaa abowa u* what ha wanted from tha 
 IrM lie s " I hitre delayed writing till now, 
 hopioK to be able to five you aiioh nawa aa 
 would be acceptable to both of ua. The 
 Ic^ale'a illnaaa ia the aote oauao of hia not 
 liu« ing called on you, but i truat that aa 
 HHtn aa hia health ia reatored be will do 
 lio.C) I know that be baa aaid, on hearinir 
 of tli« report in circulation that he waa an 
 liniMTiialiat, titat thia matter would prova 
 him nut to he au. Written by tha hand of 
 bl«B who wiahe* to bo aa much youra aa be 
 ia already in heart." Tha old cardinal 
 pleaded hia fraut aa a pretext for not havini^ 
 viaited Anne Boleyn. He would p*rhapa 
 bare bian hooted un the road, fur the 
 people, indiitnant at Uoary'a eondatt, were 
 atiU murmorinK tbareat, and aaaemblinff 
 round Katbarina'a palace, th^ neither 
 ooacaaled their aympatby for the queen 
 ■or thair indigiiation againat the aoreroign. 
 Henry, anziona to ailaaea tba voioa of tba 
 poopla, onletad, one Hunday, the lord 
 mayor, tha aldarmaii, tba common eoun> 
 oilmen, with tba priadpal iMrdnate of tha 
 city, to coma to hia pabca at Brid«wall.(c) 
 
 AHar an animatad reeital of the inaulta 
 be had reeeircd from Cbariaa, and the 
 raaaona wbich induced bim to oatar into a 
 
 (•) Hall, wbe givea the whoU of Ike dia- 
 cowtaa that Ika aueea iMonouooed ia French, 
 aaya he had it fVon Ouapeggio'e aanelMy. 
 — tunm. And Oedwia qaoiee It aoarly Ui 
 the aame lamnaro. Ha Rflaai 
 
 (>•) ThaaafaraydAnaaaorihiawallwyllyng 
 lagau duik aonewhat raU<d hie aeoaaae to 
 yoor preavOL-e; but I troat rereiy, wbaa Ciad 
 akal aeade him bolihe, li» wyll with dilyfenoe 
 ■aopmpeace kiad«mowre.^M«S. Valiaan. 
 
 (•) HaU. 
 
 treaty with Rmnee, he addrd. " You know 
 how drr.rly I love my only child Mary, but 
 atill I cannot eonoral from you the tut, 
 that there waa a qiiration of marriage 
 between that dfar rliiM and the aon of 
 Pranoia I., the Duke of Orlrana. Doubta 
 aroae in the minda of the councillora of the 
 French king aa to Mary'* Irgitlmaoy, aha 
 being bom of a mother who had hern married 
 to my brother Arthur, and on o|ieninii tha 
 Bible 1 read the following in the Book of 
 l^vitioua, ' IM not the brother marry hia 
 hrolbar'a widow.' Ood knowa, who ia 
 acquainted with the '.learta uf all men, bow 
 deeply I waa afhoted on aeeing thia probi* 
 bition, and with what aniirty my aoul waa 
 agitated, for three word* aeemed to demand 
 of me an account of my own lolvatlon with 
 that of my wife and daughter. I ali(mld 
 certainly l>e oondainned to rtnmal punlth- 
 roeni, if warned, aa I had b«en, of my 
 inceatuouM life, I did not abandon it.(<') Do 
 not forget that I am at praaent cr»<ring the 
 Judgment of the Holy Sec, and that I, 
 and my people are firmly reaolved (n obey 
 ita deri«ion.(*) Howrver, that you maybe 
 on ynttr guard for the futurt, remembri 
 thnt I am king, and that I aliall oertainlj 
 execute all who do not obey me."(' ) 
 
 I'ht) drama of thedirorce may well be oalle<il 
 a Spaniah imbroglio. A denoftjivnt waa 
 wiahed for by all; but freah incidenti 
 ariaing at every atep aenmad to adjoiira 
 it «d iiffhilum. Woliey, who had beet 
 thoroughly worated by the energy of Ka- 
 tharine, looked about fur aome one who 
 could aid him in triumphing over the 
 queen. He addreaaed himaelf to Mgr. Da 
 Bellay, Biahop of Bayonne, that witty 
 narraitor who even joked at tha plagoa. 
 Wolaey endeavoured, by the aid of logic, 
 to prove to him tha illegality of the orar* 
 riaget >nd it waa not by any ipcana tha 
 fault of the miniater that Du Ballay waa 
 not caught by the argumenU af the logi- 
 eiaa, and did not awake one morning, 
 believing himaelf to be transformed into a 
 laamad oanoniat. But aft«r a ebort but 
 ■evara atruggle between aelf-Iove and reaaon, 
 
 (<) Godwin, Bar. Anal. 
 1*1 OadwiiL. "** 
 
 (0 Letter of da Bellay, 17th Nov., lUa— 
 U88. BMinne, No. 8603, p. 167.— La < 
 
 0^ ! 
 
 - -*wBJK8«HWIi^WBR<H»^sS!'*- 
 
m 
 
 Ulrl Of KteMlY nu. 
 
 tlM pnUU Mndldlj told lb* owdiii*! that 
 h« h«d nearly furnotUn tha Fathart. Iiut 
 prurniaad tu (paak lo (^mpPKHio. (low 
 •var, at tlia very oouiinfno<ini«nl <>( hia 
 Inurrlaw with iha Italtan. Ou Dallajr, par- 
 ortTad that ha wu vary "hard moulk*4" 
 and whan ha timidly inquiriHl wh'iliar 
 Juliiia II. had tha powar to Rrant a diipan- 
 aaiiuaCaiii|i«|igiuaiupp«<l hiiu, aayinK that 
 ** to doubt tha Papal powar waa to aubvart 
 that which waa inanlt«."(*) 
 
 Tha ayaa of all were now turned towarda 
 Eoma. Two :;mii. who had n«var yat 
 •arvad tha kinf, ware aant to aafotUto 
 with Ua Holiaaaa. Thaaa wira B'u Vn^t\» 
 Bryan, Maatar of tha Badrhambrr, and 
 Patar Vaonaa, Iba ktng'a aeoratary. They 
 wira inatnictad to ln«)uins but under th|i 
 •aal of atrict aaoracy, of tha principal 
 cMoolaM at Rome :— I. Whether if a wife 
 take tha veil tha Pope can parmit tba 
 hoaband to marry. 3. Whan the huaband 
 takra holy ordara to asffaga hia wife to 
 take tha aame itap. If ha might not ba 
 afterward*] relraaed from hia rowa and ra- 
 roarry. S. If the Pope waa not ai liberty, 
 for ttata reaaona, to authoriaa a prinoa, 
 ■ftar tha esaraple of the patriaroha, t»:tiJia 
 two wivae, one of whom alone ahould be 
 called Quaeo (>>) 4. Whether Mary couM 
 not marry the Duke of Kichmond, tha 
 Ung'a natural ion. in other wonla, wbaihpr 
 Clement bad not tba power to ffrant • dia<- 
 panaation, which Juliua, it waa aaaaitfd, 
 oould not do without violating i tha «x>m- 
 nisnda of Ood.(*) Caaale wiw at tha 
 aana time to urge the ncceatity of imma- 
 diato divorce of tba aid of arguioanta 
 antirely phyaiologioal founded on oertain 
 aeoret inflrmitica under whiob tha quean 
 laboured, and which diaguating Henry had 
 iadnoed htm to have aeparmta beda.(') 
 
 •) Le 
 k) Llo 
 •( De 
 
 Le Grand, 
 ilnnrd.— Collier.— La Orand. 
 
 DeRoNi. 
 (') There are aome particular reaions to be 
 laid before hia Holineae in private, but not 
 proper to commit to writing, upon which ao- 
 oouat, aa well aa by reaMm of some diatempera 
 which the qaeen Ilea under, without hope ut 
 remedy 1 aa likewiae through aome acruplea 
 which diiturb the kinK** conacienca, inaomuoh 
 that hia m^ieaty neither can nor will, fir the 
 future, look upun her, or live with her aa hia 
 wife, be the conaequenoe witat it will.— Carte, 
 —Uorbait.— Taylor. 
 
 Hardinar, with wboaa Inaoltiaf and 
 aullen conduct we have baen already made 
 arquaiutad, waa ordarad by hia court to in* 
 timldata Clemani, and waa daalrad to toll hia 
 HolimN* that if Campeggio did not haaua 
 tha matter, flanry would withdraw England 
 frtira the obaUianoo of Rone. Hueh waa 
 tha flnal determination of tha " Defender 
 of liia Faith I C) but auddaniy a gleam of 
 hope thot aoroaa the horlaon for Henry. 
 Newt waa brought to Kngland of the 
 Pope being dangarouily ill, an<l that tha 
 attendant phyaiciana had declared hU death 
 to be iBevitoble, It would indeed bav« 
 baen a fortunate event for Henry, (at leaal 
 ao he imagina<l.) had ('lament dird, aa 
 Wolaey would than have auccaedtd to tb« 
 fontifleato. 
 
 The ambaaaadora wart Immadlataly !■• 
 ..ruoted to oanvaaa for votea. At Londoni 
 the oardinal'a ohancea were dicauaaad, tba 
 tiitaa on whiiih be dependad reckoned. 
 The old eardlnala ware ntationad who 
 had already jroiad for him aad tb« youBgar 
 aicmbafa of tba conalave mantlonad M 
 peraona who war* raqtiirad to b« bribad, 
 aud the datary waa idraady hMrd talliaff 
 tha paopla who wart aaaamblod under hto 
 windowa, " You have, a new Pop*. It io 
 Thomaa. Cardinal of 8t. Caeilla. Arob. 
 biahop of York, legato * Ultn of tba Holy 
 Sea r'.oadJba kii^ aUo#a |ho Aitoio Popo 
 only Afortitight to proBodaoo tha dlvoroo. 
 But in tba evening, all thaaa viin ealeolo* 
 tinna oamo to nought OlffMnt opanod 
 hia eyea, oad.raoovtrtd. m i: ware, by • 
 miraola. Tb«ra w09 mm Q*ly one way lafl, 
 aiad that violaat ooa, of proving to tho 
 Holy Boo thai Oordloar'a threat waa doI 
 roaaniai^fWik'had tha king reaortad to ii(0 
 Sinea ho wm not allowed to marry AniM, 
 be wotild Davertbeleaa. In tha eyei of all 
 England, baatow on hit mlatraaa the variooa 
 prfrogativaaof royalty. Anno waa recallod 
 
 (•)'Or. Gardiner wu inatraotad to deohtro 
 to the Pope, that if be did not order Oampegglo 
 to proceed to tha divoroe. tha King of Bngtaad 
 would withdraw hia obedianoa.— Tamer.— La 
 Grand. The whole of thla intrigue ia wall 
 espoaed in De Roaai, " Mmmrtt th r io lU M 
 ftiittipaU twMmimtnU poUtht ififitt m$mm 
 iurtrntt U pomtUlemto ii CItmtmf ril." Tiw 
 author beloagad to tba Roman Chancery. 
 
 (/) Burnet.— Turner. — roae'a Aela aid 
 UoBumanta. 
 
'hoM lomiltiat ind 
 V* b««n %\tmAj baiI* 
 r«4 by hla court to la- 
 1 WM dwlrad to toll hia 
 p«Cirio did not hMl«« 
 uld wlihdnw England 
 uf HooM. Such VM 
 ion of th« " Utftndtr 
 t luddanif • glwun uf 
 I horiann for Htnry. 
 to KnglMd of th« 
 uily ill. Mil lh*ttha 
 Itad daolarad hia daatli 
 % would indaad hkv« 
 It for Hanrx, (»l UmmI 
 id ('Umeni dird, M 
 hava aiiccaadtd tu lh« 
 
 wara iininadlatal]r la< 
 >r Totaa. Al LoadoBi 
 • wara diaatnaad, the 
 
 dapandad laekonad. 
 irara ntationad who 
 r bim and tba joungur 
 molava mantlonad M 
 aqulrad to b« bribad, 
 
 alraadj bard taUloff 
 I taaarabUd undar hto 
 ra. a naw Pop*. It la 
 >f 8t. CaellU. Arab, 
 la k iMttn of tba Holjr 
 aia#a |ha Aitwa Popo 
 roBoHMa tba dlvoraai 
 all tbaao fiin eftleolo* 
 bl Olfpitnt opanad 
 rtd, M i: wtra, br • 
 a«Rr q*l]r ona way laft, 
 H»4 of proving lo tho 
 llaar'a tbraat waa not 
 I king raaortad to !«.(') 
 )wad to marry AniMh 
 ■a. Id tba ajrai of all 
 lia mUtraaa Iha varioo* 
 y. Anna waa recallod 
 
 mt inatraetad to daolara 
 did not ordar Oanpagglo 
 «a. tha King of Bngland 
 kadianoa. — Taraar.— La 
 >f tUa iatrigoa ia wail 
 
 t.1'1 n» NRMRr Hit. 
 
 Iff 
 
 I poUiM #/lra«n m»mM 
 tt VkmtMf ril." TU 
 Roman Ckaaoary. 
 ar. — foM'a Aeta iM 
 
 aitU. " Madlla. da Booloa.** nUtoa 
 o«r biaiorian, " baa al laat arrlvad, and tha 
 king haa givan bar aoma nacnllleant apart* 
 manM naar hU own, and lha asma raapaot 
 la paid 10 bar aa Ui iha quaan."(*) 
 
 Tha king waa continually giving praaaota 
 to Lady Anna (ao aha waa called) uf jawala. 
 draaaa«,fUrt,«ilh,anil |ntdrl<itb. Kaiharlna 
 •aa »»nll'« Orcanwttn In tba p«*y putan 
 arwiuni flrom Nov |)ao to ISSa, tbara ara 
 mora than forty diffarant * niriaa for Lady 
 Anna, wharaaa tbara la only ona of iw Air 
 Mary, and nothing for Ka(h«rioa.(^) 
 
 Hoina abort tiina a(Ur l^ody Holayn'a 
 ralum lo court, eartala aigna wan par> 
 oalvad which rWarly pmvad that aba did 
 not ooeupy tba quaan'a plaaa at labia alona, 
 aad Mgr. dv BalUy, in )iia oiloa aa ainb«a< 
 aalor, having baan^ intruatad to inforot hla 
 court of all thai ha law or Inuginad, Ihita 
 wrola to M. da MootiaoraMy i "I haur 
 aooM Mray auaiiicinna thai Iha kiag haa of 
 lata baao loo Inilmala with L»ily Anna, 
 aad tharafon d« not ha «urpri<e<l al th« 
 BMllaff liatng aipt'dlltdt for If Miythlng 
 ahould bappan. all will ba apoilt(*)" 
 
 It araa now axpaoltd at Loodon. In 
 obwUaara to tba Papal coraroiaaiont thiit 
 tha lagataa arould at onoa procoad to Judg- 
 nont Campaggio obayad iha dlradiona 
 of tha 8ovar*l«n Pontiff i h* raad Iha bill 
 both to tha Prinaa and Wolaay. Hrary 
 wpriaaid a wiah that It ahould ba oonau. 
 BlMlad lo Iha maabara of hia privy eouncll, 
 but ih* Italian lafiiaad lo gtv* avon • oopjr 
 or to eomnttnienta It hlsaalf to anj olhar 
 llvln( eroataT«,(<) A oouilar waa imniadi* 
 ataly diapotohaid to tbomt, and raoouraa 
 waa anala had lo tbraala and prayani 
 but C9a«tanl waa inaionbla. II araa no 
 loagav Wolaay but Hanry who aiaa^ad 
 tha alhlr through Brian i tha ambaaaadora 
 npUad lo tha royal coaraunieatloB through 
 laltara addraaaad lo Anna Bolayni(*) tha 
 ■iaialar had loat tha eonddaaaa of both 
 iIm klnR and hia fhvottrila. Wahavaabov* 
 
 J>) LaltndaMoaa.dHBallayaM.la|raad 
 lra.--MllS. MtkiuM, v. MM. 
 (k) Hall.~LlBfard> 
 
 (•) Lattra da U. da Ballay.— MM. B4. 
 Ihuna, V, MM. 
 
 Nt Lingard 
 
 Blaia Papan^ I* 810. 
 
 ramarka<l that tha objaotiona lo Iha bull o# 
 JuliiM arcra lw»-faldi iha ktng'a advlaan 
 danlad that Iha Pop* had thi |xiw«r to allow 
 a briithar t<i marry hi* hrulhar'a widow, 
 owing lo ihr prohihilion of tha Hook of 
 Lavlll«ua i Ihay, conaaquantl/. altaohad tha 
 truth of tha allagallona on which tha bull 
 waa foundnd. Tha Aral arMiimant which 
 tsiidsd t» lbs wcakssiiag of the Pontiflcal 
 powtr had baan abandoned i but IhaMoond, 
 Iha fbiM fnunriaiion by which iha bull 
 hud been oblainfd. waa inaialatl on. But 
 Kathariua confounded the rainialara by 
 avhihiiiag tha copy of a brief which had 
 been aani har fb>ni Spain, aocordad by 
 •follua II., and bearing iha aama data aa 
 the bull, but au worded a« nut lo ba aub)eet 
 to the aama omacliona aa Iha original dia- 
 pan«ation. Thla waa a thundarbolt to 
 llanry'a counaaUora, and a f Umpaa of bopa 
 for tha lagataa, aa Iha dpetimant bore on iia 
 face the marka of Ita anlhanticity Tha 
 legalea had been aathoriaail to lUcide ud 
 tha validity of the bull, and with cartain 
 raalrlciloita, but thay had no niiaai«n lo 
 conteat Iha brief aabibiled by Kaibarina. 
 New eouriera accordingly oroeaed tha Alpa 
 to demand from Roma a mora ample com« 
 miaaion, a ravoeation of tba brief, or a 
 aunnmona to tha Emparor to praaant tha 
 original. Henry laid much atrrae on lb* 
 aapneeioB dr pUnitMdku potmtaHi, whioh 
 Clement bad uaed i ha doubted not In hia 
 ultramootaue fkrvor. Unit tha Pn,ia, fltmi- 
 tndiM potmUiU, would ailenca Katharinai 
 dcpriva har of tha moat aaorad of al tiilaa. 
 that of mother, annul Iha daciai&n of hia 
 pradacaaaor Jullua II., aiali himaelt tbov* 
 avary law, and trampla undar foot all Uia 
 forma of human Juatksa. But Clamant 
 rapliad to Gardiner, who uniad him for a 
 raply, •hat bdiffarant alike to danger aa 
 wall aa iataraat. ha would oaly ba guidad 
 by Iha voioa of hia conecienco. Jndgaa 
 had baan aaked for. They would pronounoa 
 tha aanunea. and .ba Pop*, if ro^uirad, 
 would conArm it 
 
 In June, 1530. Ihaaa aaaiaea opaned, 
 whan hia ma}aaly, laya Slowa, had to 
 appear aa a patilioner. A vaal amphW 
 Ihaatra waa praparad at the monaatery of tha 
 BItckfirian, where two tbronaa wera placed 
 ia tha middle for the kiag and queen. Al 
 
 ■^fj'ikin- :A.imhmfmm»mmimtmHmaim 
 
uta or MiHRT fill. 
 
 (Im at*!** o/ ih« MmMrtU ««r« ih* «««u 
 Aw iIm mm1m(««iI««I )«<i4|«« ( klflMr u^ lh« 
 •iMiifS of iha MwraUHM Mid «ltr«r< CH* 
 ll«A>l Mtrafwy wM Dr N««|ih««i ii*nUn«r, 
 (•flaiwvrtit ll«hiip of Whiich«i«l«r,) itM 
 •l>p«n(nr wiia Cuolw, Ihtn (•Itad Umka 
 «f V^n«hMt«r. T« iIm H||Iii of lk« king 
 ««• ih* Lt|r*i« CatiitMMf to. At th« qtM«a*t 
 
 rilkll W«a |Ka ('«r<lin*! W<iIm« AI th« 
 
 •iinimltlM of (haetmla warf ihatr rm^fttiM* 
 co«iietl.(*) ThuM fur III* kiag war* Htch«r4 
 iMapMn, d«*n of Ik* Chapol Royd, Juhn 
 Boll, dimor of Uwi, P«ur •ml Tricniwil. 
 Tli<tM for Ibo qiiMfi w«r« Wtrhom, Arch- 
 bkhop of (lontarbttrir. Klibcr, HUhop of 
 RocImwIw, and Hun<ilah. Hkhofi of St 
 AMpli.(k) Tu (;«ni|i*|(i|lo and WoImjt 
 v«N||lv«nMoouri««llor«, Lon)|Und, Hi«h<'ti 
 of Lineolfl and th« htitd'a ronfraaor. ('lafli. 
 Bkiio|i of lUlk, John lalip, Abbot of 
 WaatiiilMtar, and John Taylor. Maator of 
 iIm Rolla.(*) 
 
 Tho ooinmlaalun or polUriiati*-n waa 
 brmiKhi into court by tha Biithop of Un- 
 ooIb, wbo handad It lo Ika pruthiinatory, 
 who raad it aloud, and than iha eardinala 
 awnre that th«y would axaouta it fallhdilly. 
 Tha aaoratariaa wtn th*n a worn, and ilia 
 king aad quaan citad to appear bafura (ba 
 tribuaal en tha laih Juna, batwatn nina 
 and laa In tha morning, alttr which iho 
 Jiidgaa rallrad.Ci) On tha lAth Junu, tha 
 quaaa appaarad In paraon to pmuai aKainit 
 htr Judgaa i tha drat aiamination waa 
 at^omad to the Slat JuBa,(*) Katharina, 
 on har way home, waa Inaultad by tha 
 paoptoi In oonaaquanoa of lying raporta 
 kaving baan otrculalad by tha klng'a agtnU 
 flontiary to har honour t it waa aUiad that 
 i!h» had eoaapired agaiaat tha lirta of the 
 king and tha eardinal t that ihe ooaaplia- 
 Inra had baan diaeuver«d i that inataad of 
 amploying bar tima in prayar aha gava har- 
 aalf «p to a lit« ut gaiaty i that aha waa 
 Indadgaat to all ilioaa who viaited har In 
 erdar to gain them over 'o her eauaa, and 
 thua rain tha prince in iha affaeiiou of hia 
 
 r«) Howartl. 
 i|k} Buriitti. 
 !■) La Griiiiil. 
 
 (*) Brit. Mua., MSS. Vilall., B. Xll.— 
 Bufflrti 
 (•) Bhl. Mua.. MSB. VUall., B. XII. 
 
 pMpU(') 11ia king hwl raad Ta«M<i% 
 aiitl, Ilka Tlbatiua, eoUad aralk to kta 
 •Id tn daalroyInK a poor womaa. hnl (i.id 
 hail andowati Kallianna with auAclant 
 (Hiiiraga to traal aucit cowardly naiumalaa 
 with aovarrtgn eontampt. On tha liih, 
 al iha aaaainbling of tha einirt, tha ap- 
 paritor, la »i kwd vi>iM>, eallad out i~ 
 " Uanriet, Amfl a rm t m raw.. aWaalu la iitrtd " 
 " Adaiim," ra|iU*d Iha kinu, rtaitiK Inioi 
 hIa IhMna. " CalAartaa, An§l9r*m rrpiHo, 
 
 The quaan, Ititlaad of making a raply, 
 lafi bar taat, and lhr<iwtiig heraalf at 
 Hanry'a fatt. with claapad handa, thua ad- 
 draaaad hi a with •ceanta of grlaf i — " HIra, 
 pity and iuaiica aia all that a quaan wlihout 
 ralationa or frienila, in • foreign land, and 
 ai|i<wad to tha halratl of anainiaa, can aak 
 uf you. I left my fktbarland without any 
 other guamntee for my peraonal aaeurily 
 than that aaered knot which united laa to 
 you, aire, 4nd lo your houae. I truatad that 
 I ahould (|nd in my new family a defence 
 againat arery attack of thia kind, and not 
 I he conduct I have met with. I aail 
 Oml and hia aainu to witnefti that I hare 
 loveil my royal hualiand lor the laat twenty 
 yaare with bonndlaee affection. I aaaert, 
 and thie you well know, that when 
 I entered your bed I waa a pure virgin. 
 El pel me hence aa one unworthy of credit, 
 if i eay not the truth. Did xuA both our 
 fathera, princea oalebrated fur their pre- 
 caution, carefully anaina tha olauaea of 
 our contract } Wbo thaa among all tha 
 numernua cuunaallora of tha crown re- 
 marked thoa* iaformalitiaa which Ibay 
 kara andeavourad to diacover within Iha 
 laat few yeara. what rwuon ia adduced to 
 break a knot of Iwanty yeara aUndkng } 
 My adrocatea and Judgaa ara yoar in»> 
 Jeaiy'a auhjMStai I tharafbra aeknowla<%a 
 than not Tha authority of tha lagataa I 
 will not arao acknowledge. Berry thing ia 
 avapioioua to me in a tribunal whara my 
 aneniice ara ao numeroaa, that I oannol 
 •van hopa to obtain a Juat aantonca. Bira^ 
 reatora to na mj right over your haart, aay 
 righu u a wife, motbar, and quaan. Thia 
 
 u 
 
 ,') Bnnat. 
 nCkMlvte. 
 
liiff h«4l rM4 TMMn% 
 mU««I »mti M hit 
 IHMir wnnMH. bnl (itnl 
 liariii* with auAcianl 
 cli cuwtrdlf aalxMalM 
 i«mpl. On iIm liih. 
 of IIm e«)ur(, Ik* tp- 
 ToUnt, fmll«(i uul I- 
 
 I raw, aJaalu 4a i-arftf ' 
 lh« kiiitf, ruing (riMii 
 ir«««, An§lwmm rfffin*. 
 
 id of iMklnn • rt|>tjr, 
 
 ihriiwing hertalf «l 
 
 la«|i«<l hanila, ihu* ad- 
 
 :«ata of urUf i -~" Htra, 
 
 II that a quaan wiikaut 
 hi a foraign laml, and 
 d of anainiaa, ran aak 
 ktharUnd without any 
 
 R17 |)«raonal aaourity 
 0% which iiiiiud laa to 
 r houaa. I trualaii that 
 
 n*w family a d«f«ne« 
 ; of thia hkttd, and iMt 
 a mat with. I aall 
 to wtinafti that I hava 
 «nii lor Iha laal twanly 
 ta affaction. I m at t , 
 I know, th«t whtn 
 
 I waa a pura vlrRia. 
 ma unworthy of cradit, 
 ith. Did ni)t iMith our 
 •braiad fur thair pra< 
 nuaina iha olMiaaa of 
 o thaa amooK all tha 
 n ut iha crown ra- 
 rmalitiaa which thay 
 
 diacovar within Iha 
 
 1 raaaon la adduead to 
 wnty yaara atandkng i 
 Judgaa ara yotir m». 
 tharafora acknowla<%a 
 hority of tha lagataa I 
 viedga. Etrrry thing b 
 I a tribunal whara my 
 nafoua, that I oanoot 
 a Juataaatanca. 8ir% 
 ;ht ovar your kaart, aiy 
 bar, and quaan. Tbia 
 
 lonat 
 
 lodwte. 
 
 MPa ftv mvnfi vtii. 
 
 \n 
 
 I \m\Ann 70.1 to <!<» In tha «•«• of Oo<l 
 aur rommon Ju«ln« Allnw uta to writ» t<i 
 tkp^tt, whara I ha»a fnawla who wUl Bwlda 
 mm In till* naitar. \f yuu raf aaa ny r«< 
 f)iiaat, airs, I hava no othar dafaaaa than 
 (io<l. an.l \<t ill n d» I •ppaal."(») Hha f^t^• 
 with har fafla l»4lh«d 10 taari, bowing ra- 
 tpartfully to tha king, walkad a<-r<iaa tha 
 hall, laanlng un tha arma of (iriAih. h>'r 
 racairar gan«ral Tha a^ittarttur aga.M crtvd 
 out, " Katlixrina, Quran u( KnKlanil. raturii 
 to tha rourt." " Do you baur. MaiUm, 
 Mid QrURth, ■• you ara agalri eallad V " I 
 h«ar it vary wall. ra|iliad tha quaan. but 
 thia la no oourt whara 1 can h»pa fur Jua- 
 U««. tJ« on.",*) Th»aa wunla, utund in 
 tha aecania of oonflijant innooanoa, mada a 
 daap kmpraaaion on all praaant («) 
 
 llanry, unabW lu daatroy Ita aftata, 
 andaavuiirad In ntuiliad languaga to aialt 
 Iha vhrtuaa of Katharina, who had avar 
 hahavad la a roual affaoiiunau mannar to 
 him. Ha addad that ha had only baan 
 Induoad Ity tha raatl«*anaaa of hta con- 
 aeianea, aidad by Iha advica of hia apiritnal 
 diraetor, tha Hiahup of Tarbaa, aad oihtr 
 pralalaa, to aua for a onmnilaalon and trial, 
 and ht proinlaad lo abida by tha judgmant 
 of tha court.('') Wolaay, who had till n<iw 
 baan ailanl. 'wllad on Iha king lo tall tha 
 court whatliar tha l.ord High Chancallor 
 bad baan iha Aral inallgator nf iha divorca. 
 "On tha contrary, my Lord Cardinal," 
 rapllad Hanry, " I loknowladga thai you haira 
 alwaya baan opiMMad to a divorca which rall- 
 giuiu motivaa alona kava inducad ma to aua 
 fbr bafitra <)hla oourt."(*) 
 
 Tha court waa forioad, and Kalhariua 
 daclarad eontuoiaoioua for having rafuaad 
 to appaar bafora It.(') Tlia plaadlnga 
 aomimnead i malaneboljr plaadtnga, wbara 
 rojal advooalaa wara eompallad t« prova, 
 
 fa^ Tvllar. 
 
 I*) iHadam, aaM bar 
 wKoaa arm aha laant, va ara agafn 
 Oo on, aaid aha, I haar It vary wall, but ihia li 
 no court wkarain 1 can hava Juatiea.— Tytlar. 
 
 (•) Thia paUwUo addraaa, daHvarad with 
 humlllly, and yat with tka aptrit bacomlng nn 
 tnnooant woman, mada a daap imprataion.— 
 l^lli 
 
 raoalTarwganaral, on 
 In eallad. — 
 
 f<) LlagaH. 
 
 My Lord Cardinal, yon hava raihar 
 advlaad ma to iha oonlrary, than baan any movar 
 al tka aama.— Howard. 
 
 10 
 
 by tha aid of • M a«)ui vocal worda 
 aaeaimd froa a aktld, and aoma Maody 
 U4«n found and ••fit by •<<rii« inya< 
 laHoua hand to Npaia, that Hia maniaga 
 batwaan Arthur and Kalhaiina kail l>^a« 
 e«inauini«ala<l ! \dvu«aiM who bluthad 
 not at 'Irxgging aaun'lar iha rurlaln, and 
 • «|Mi«iaii tka nuptial had to Iha vlaw uf a'l 
 Chi laiand'Mw ' A king, »hu, by Im« ailania, 
 mada known tka myatarioa af tka Aral 
 night of a marrlaga I A huahand amlaa- 
 vDiiring to prora that hia wifa had li*d in 
 affirming that aha aacrniUil tha tlir»iia of 
 Rnglan<l aa a virgin I A falhar who would 
 not latt qulally In hia grav* n ilaaa ha 
 provnl thai hia daii|)hup waa tha fruit of an 
 Incaatiioua marrlaga,(«) What a apaataala I 
 
 (f) Da noMil. who wM at Ram* at ika 
 
 lima nf tka prot-aaillnao ralallra l« iha dlrurra, 
 haa (Iran iia a «ary Imid •umiaary of Ika ar 
 aumnnia of Iha ranaa. Ill la«ilm<<ny !• of 
 Iha tilRhxtil Importanra. and I* aa fullowai-* 
 
 Tlia lanaa »a« navarlkalvw aavaral llnii-a 
 argoad liafiiin ilia (•i(4l< t. (inia Hanry. Ihuunh 
 ha iliil not rofiiao «.lta qman parmiaiion to rofvr 
 Iha tani* to liiima, w«« •ollrlling tka Juilft^ 
 to drtiraa Iha minulmaiit uf ihv dlaiMrnMiii'n. 
 Kor whirli raaaon, and baoanaa d«inp«inilo 
 ariahad lo oairy Iku maltar furwanl nil lliu 
 vauali<'ii, tk«y b«|t«n by axamlnina iha valliiliy 
 or nullity of tha ilnponaation, llaniy't |ir<H)> 
 lorn hioiiKht Ibrward aavaral plaaa, un wliluk 
 they baa,«d Ihrir opinion aa lo tka Invalitlity 
 ol Iha marrtaga. la tha Aral plara, thay 
 allaRad that itia hrii-f waa lurTapiltlima, ba< 
 caiiaa it allo«ad iha marrlana. without man- 
 Honing tha aapuuaala. To which obJaoUon II 
 waa anawnrad on Ilia part of tka qnaan (with 
 out prrjiidi«a ui Iha appaah that, whan tha 
 Po|Mi Rranlad a diapanantion fur tka calabralina 
 of tho marrltgo, ha ininndad alao to ^«n 
 power to make iha aapouaala, otkarwiaa ha 
 •uiild have baan granting tka end. but (btbid- 
 ding Iha mrana. Saoondly, tha kiag'a practora 
 Mid that tha Hng waa informally Rivan. tha 
 
 Elvlng of it not bi-lng maiilionad in tha hrtafl 
 ut only liicni'o of mirriagai and that it had 
 ttol baan aiplainad to tha I'opa ttiat llanry 
 waa than only Iwalva yaara old, and ilirrafnra 
 not yat of aga lo marry. To thia tha qiinai.'a 
 proGtura anawered, that tha youiift prince, not 
 bving then able to marry har. aapKniMad kar ; 
 but avail If tha i^g, whlcli ia tha pladga 
 of a ftiiura marriage, had baan given infor- 
 mally. Iliia objection could not prejudice tha 
 marriagti. which waa concluded without all 
 the roqiiiaiti'S liiaiated on by the Church, 
 and which *ubi«iaii and may aubaUt without 
 the ring, fbr the ling ia a coremonv, and k 
 defect In noii-eaainiiaU doea not vitiate tha 
 aaaontiaU. It waa not neeeaaary to mantiun 
 tha age of Hanrv in tka SaMfkal, aa it waa 
 not oonlrary to Um lawi of Iha Chunk | aid 
 
I. 
 
 1T4 
 
 LIVE OF IIRNRT VIII. 
 
 One Kit the wttnfiMP, Fliher, Biahii|i of 
 Rocbest«r, who could not hear luch deiailt 
 )(nn« into without hii eheeki mantling with 
 ii hluih, detain which were pleaaini; to the 
 ■dvneatei, aroae, exclaimlofi that he raa 
 acquainted with the truth. All preeent 
 looked at hin) witli amaaement. "The 
 truth," exclaimed Warham. "and how, I 
 pray you, can you know rt better than ou* - 
 ■elvea." " Yes." rejoined the biihop, " haa 
 not Dirioe wisdom laid, ' Let not oan put 
 
 even kad it been ezpreiaed, the Pope could 
 not hare lupplied (he defecta of nature i but 
 tb*^ reiationdup, which was the impediment 
 (eqnlring a dinpeniation, waa certainly ex- 
 pieaaed. Nor could Henry'a being but twelve 
 yeari old be an impediment to the marriage, 
 aa we read that Solomon and Ahaa were 
 fktkeia at the agea of elcTcn and twelve re> 
 MpeetiTiily. In the third place, it waa pleaded 
 on behalf of Henry, that when he became old 
 enough to marrr, he protested that he would 
 not accept Katharine. To this proteetation of 
 Henry, made verbally, and not in writing, and 
 wi'bont the knowledge c> Katharine, her proc- 
 tors answered that uere wax no no«d or any 
 reply, the protest being contrary t«i fact ; for 
 although be might have saiJ that he would 
 not marry her, yet he did ao, and livt>J with 
 her for twenty years, and had five childk'an 
 by her, and theee acta had got rid of any 
 defect in intention. In the fourth plice, th" 
 klng'a advocatea alleged that in the dispensa- 
 tion the cause waa speoi&sd, vit., to maintain 
 peace between Ferdinaiid, King of Spain, and 
 Henry VII., King of Bngland, which cause 
 waa insullcient, since Henry VIII. being a 
 child, had no inteoticn of keeping any such 
 peace ; and also when the mamage waa oele- 
 oreted, both Isabella, wife of Fenliuand, and 
 Henry V(I. were dead. To ihis, it waa an- 
 awerad oa the ouaen'a part, that aa to Henry's 
 not lUnking aouut peace, when a child, on 
 aeoount of «iiich the Pope was chiofly induced 
 to grant the diapeosation, this may have been 
 (he case on aoeoont of his jrou'J), which periiape 
 randtred him incapabhcf each ideas; butal- 
 dumgh he might have thought nothing oa Uie 
 Mibtset, his father might have done so for him, 
 aa ne said the oieed for him at hia baptfam. 
 And altkooffc laabelia and Hennr VII. wet* 
 not living at the time oi' the manruge, ye* thejr 
 ware alive when the d jpeaaation waa obtained, 
 Ae value of which dmendc on the date of tta 
 beips granted, not oi^ita ezoontion lit the 
 Iftli place, the king's proctor* said that the 
 Sufpbemt waa addressed to the Pope. !n the 
 
 of Ka t ha ri ne and the yonng prince, 
 who never gave any such conumsshm tn their 
 pezents, and, aa a nise repfweenUtlon vitiaMa 
 aavi)Mina<, the dimensaiiian obtained thereby 
 oanoot be valid. To this cavU)(ng and inauf- 
 fldent escepiivii. the qnean'e pruct**! an- 
 ■werad, that it waa nonaense to ai^ tkat the 
 
 asunder that which Uod hath Joined.' "(^> 
 Fisher had in these f^w words pro^ 
 nounced his own sentence of death. The 
 trial dragged on itu slow length. At every 
 hour fresh incidents arose whiuh demaiided 
 examination. The king's counsellora endea- 
 voured to poiut out in what particulara the 
 Bull of Juliua II. waa null and void « when 
 the queen's advooates produced the brief 
 accorded to Katliarine, it was drawn up in 
 
 dispensation was invalid because the pitrents 
 bed not been empowered to supplicate the 
 Pope. Such powers were unnecessary, as the 
 Piipe never iniiuired fur them, nor expressed 
 any anxiety to see them. But since dispenss- 
 tions are valid even when unsought for, who 
 would doubt about the validitv of a Supplkatf 
 Secondly, psrenta by the laws of nature 
 are bo< nd to consult for the welfare of their 
 children, withuui any uxpress commands { and 
 children by the same laws slways look up to 
 their parents. Who ran wish for a more clear 
 and aulhenlio proof than this f So that the ex- 
 pression, "Being demanded oa your past," 
 cannot be shown to he false. The Nixth end 
 last point of Henry's aitunient, (which ap- 
 peared to be tho strongest »nd most favourable 
 to him,) wsa founded jn (he two impediments 
 of k.<iati(inship and morality; relationship be- 
 cauaa of the oausnmmati.«d of tho marriage 
 between Katharine anU Arihvr; and molality, 
 b*r:\use of the necessity of avoiding scsodv 
 Ano they ssid thit it waa enough that the mitr- 
 riage had been contracted, whether k had been 
 consummattd or not And the inferenoe they 
 drew vaa, that the Pope had dispensed with 
 impediments arising fium relalioaeain, bnt not 
 with thoee arising ftom scsndal #l>!eh miidit 
 be cauasd. The queen'fi advoci* jwarad, 
 that the dispensation of Pope Jid away 
 
 with all impediM'.>nla, these tax, tided, be- 
 eauae, if the Vcye had infin .don >.: thr 
 Stumlieat of one jr more impedimenta, he T«a 
 willug and able to remove them; so that, all 
 being now removed, there were ao Icngar any 
 impmUmetats. 
 
 There wna also a diapnte wf'h rugard to tha 
 oonanmmation of tha uarris^ between Kathn- 
 rine awd Arthur. The king adrmed that it 
 waa impfMslble to donb; it, oenfidering the a^a 
 of the pwtlea and all oircnmslaaoes. iJLO 
 also mentiouad on ex-'i«ad«a of A rtknr'sb aaada 
 uao of the day after the «edding. Tha fnaen 
 anawered that Arthur waa an invxltj, an<> eon« 
 tinned ao till hia death; and .'Itat afterwurddskn 
 summoned a notary ^.^blto. and in tlie presesM 
 of eevrral biahops and other witneeaes, orderel 
 hia to adc hrr, on h#r oath, whether ika waa 
 not a virgin widow. And since Hemy dU aat 
 then attempt to senuadiet a thimi to p(4»> 
 dicial to him, her testimony akT^uM M fccMved. 
 Nay, ha had even confessed, in writ t|^ 
 Charles V., that she wna » oaid mkutx m 
 wmiedhf'. ..^ 
 
 
Uod liMh Joined.' »f«) 
 eie fyiv word* pro^ 
 ntenoe of dMth. The 
 itow length. At every 
 ari)M which dem»*ded 
 ing's countellore endeb- 
 in whet perticulare the 
 u null and void i whan 
 tei produced the brief 
 oe, it wu drawn up in 
 
 tlid because the pitrenU 
 MTured to ■uppUoete (lie 
 were unneceawry. at the 
 
 fur them, nor oipreiwd 
 m. But tinoe diipenaO' 
 when unaoughl for, who 
 ) yaliditv of a Suppikatf 
 ■y the lawa of nature 
 
 for (he welfare of their 
 uxpreae commands; and 
 B lawa alwaya look up to 
 ;au wiah fur a mora clear 
 an (hlsr So (bat the ex- 
 manded on your paL't," 
 >e falae. The aiilh and 
 I ailment, (which ap- 
 Keat and moat faronrable 
 
 jn (he two impedimenta 
 arality; relatlonahip be- 
 nat!<ia of the marriage 
 \1 Adhvr; and molality, 
 i<y of aTitidln|$ acandv 
 raa enonfh that the mitr- 
 ited, whether k had been 
 
 And the inftrenoe ther 
 ope had diapenaed with 
 rum relalioneain, bnt not 
 >m aoandat yihUih miitht 
 o'ft advoci* jwered, 
 it Pope ' Jid away 
 theae tirt> ' nded, be- 
 had infut .(ion >.: thr 
 ore impedifflenta, he vm% 
 love them ; lo that, all 
 here ^ere ao Icngar any 
 
 ipnte wMi rugard to the 
 iarria«a between Kathlt- 
 le kiaf aArmed that it 
 bk it, ooofidrainK the ae* 
 lU oircnmetanoaa. lie 
 vaden of Artkor'a^ made 
 lie redding. Tha foeen, 
 waa an invcUd, anfa eon* 
 : and .'hat af lerwudtf aha 
 kblto. and in the ptMen*,'* 
 other witneeaea, ordered 
 
 oath, wlwthcrilMwaa 
 Ind ainee Hemy dUaat 
 ladiet a tUaii to pe^ 
 Bony akT^oM M fce«>(Ted. 
 on fua aed, in vtii t^ 
 
 wna » naid iriuui w 
 
 i.trB np HENRY tin. 
 
 I7B 
 
 
 ■noh a manner that their objeotion* were 
 no longer of any avail. They endeavoured 
 to deny ita authority, by pretending that it 
 waa not the orijiinal but a copy, which the 
 queen'a couriael preaented, when Fiaher 
 proved that it had ill the oharaotera of 
 authenticity, ainoe it bore the aignature of 
 *lie Papal Nunoio, the Archbishopof Toledo, 
 four knighta of the golden fleece, privy 
 counoillora of Charlea V., and a notary 
 apoatoUc.(a) 
 
 One of the <noil important pointa lo be 
 proved waa that the king had proteatcd 
 agrinat hia marriage with Katharine. The 
 dcpoaition of Fos, Biahop of Wincheattr, 
 deatroyed the king'a aaiertion. Fox re- 
 peated what he had already aaid in 1590, 
 whan he had been examined by Dr. Wol- 
 iiian:— That Dr. Puebla, who had drawn 
 up the eontraot of marriage between Henry 
 and Katharine, had left two copiea of the 
 diapenaation in England, and had aent two 
 to Hpatn. That he had no recollection of 
 the prince ever having entered a proteat 
 againat hia marriage. That there ^xiated, it 
 waa true, a proteat made in the king'a name 
 in the rjgiatry of the Notary-public Bidden, 
 in the ureaence of the Earl of Surrey, Lord 
 High Traaanrer of England, but it waa not 
 drawn up in the king'a preaence. Henry 
 Yll, he added, had alwaya told him that 
 ha wiahe J for tha marriage to take place ; 
 and if ha delayed ita odebration, it waa 
 aoU>lf on aocount of a diSbrcaoe with the 
 King of Spain raapectiog the Infanta'a 
 dawrT.(k) 
 
 Certain that hia caaae waa loat aa far aa 
 the 'ifatea wan cocccmed, Henry had bnt 
 on* ^hanoe remaining ; it wa« Hy flrigbteniag 
 Kktharina aa to the iaraa of the trial, to 
 indirea her to throw haradf on her hoaband'* 
 gsnerrndty, and thua pravant an appeal to 
 tiiePop*. At tha vary momant thai Wolaey 
 waa abont to retire to reat^ Lord Roohford, 
 Lad/ Ann*'* father, baaooght him, from 
 hinia^)**ty,to goimmadiat^yto Bddawcll, 
 kir-l to tua wmf anrtioa to indaoe the 
 qoaaa lo throw handf on bar hoaband'a 
 aflbftioB, and thn* tarmioate a trial which 
 w<mM only and in har diahoaowr. Woiaey, 
 
 (aV t^ Oraad. 
 
 {*) Adding fiuther, that oar Ungwaanet 
 jtiMMt than.— (See ifpaodis 0.) 
 
 though ofiedient to the king'a requrat, did 
 not conceal from Lord Rucbford hia con- 
 viction that hia roiaaiim wouM be unauc- 
 ceaaful He added, in a tone of great 
 aeverity, that hia I'rdabip, with hia fellow 
 peera, had put ttranKO ideaa into the king'a 
 heau, which would caiiae no little trouble 
 to the atat«. and that they would obtain 
 but amall thanka from God and Chriaten- 
 dum for it.(o) 
 
 He aroee, entered a barge, which waa 
 expreaaly prepared for him, and called for 
 Cunpeggio at Bath Houae, whence butb 
 the legatee prooeeded towarde Bridewell. 
 Tha gentleman-in-waiting announced the 
 viaiton. The queen waa engaged in apin- 
 ning, with a akein of ailk round her neck 
 and the apindle in her hand. She entered 
 the room when her unexpected viaiton 
 were : " I have to apologiae, my lorda, for 
 having kept you waiting ao long i but may 
 I inquin your buaineaa with me?" "To 
 converw with you in your oratory, if your 
 majea^ will allow it," nplied Wobay. 
 " My lord, you have my permiaaion to aay 
 what you like openly i I have no £•*?."(*) 
 " Revtrtn di s ri ma m*jt*la$, " commeBced 
 Woiaey. "Speak in Engliah, my lord," 
 ntorted tha queen, "for I underataud 
 Latin bnt very little." " Madam," nplied 
 Woiaey, "we bring you a meaaage frooa 
 hie majaaty, devoted ae we an to your 
 majeaty."(a) "I thank you," repUad 
 Katharine ; " I waa working with ny 
 maidena when you oame ; they, my lotd*^ 
 an my ooancillon { I have no oth*r. 'I1i*j 
 an not vary clevar, nor, indeed, am I, and 
 I know not how (oeh a poor ereatan aa 
 I am will be able to nply to aaaa Hka 
 yoar*ehr*ai bat rince it ia your darire, 
 we wUl go faito tha ontory."(f ). The qoeen 
 than took off tha akein of ailk firom bar 
 nedk, laid down ber apindle, and giving 
 bar right band to Gampeggio and har left 
 to Woiaey. aat^ad tha <mtory. What 
 
 (•) BatheobeervedtoLoidRooUbcd.(hat 
 he and other lorda of the oonndl had pat 
 fkndaa into the head of the king, whetMy 
 Ihev would give much trouble to the reatai, 
 ana at tha taaat would have but amall thaua 
 atthec horn Qod or bom the world.— -Uvwaid. 
 
 (*) Howard. 
 
 m Howard. 
 
 (0 LaOnad. 
 
Ura OF niNBT Till. 
 
 during thHi privtto intonriew dom 
 wn (allt it WM, howtrar, renurked that, 
 on coming out, both the queen and the 
 leffato* uemed to hare bran deeply af- 
 feetad, and it waa reported that Katharine 
 had told theiD that ahe, the Queen of 
 England, the wife of Henrjr Tudor, the 
 mother of Mary, the daughter of Ferdinand, 
 the aunt of Chariao V., would l»y her 
 apiMtl at the feet of Vm Sovereign 
 PuntiffC) 
 
 It waa aoon known in London that the 
 natter would be carried to Rome. The 
 legatea held their laat oonrt on the aSrd of 
 July, and Henry, concealed in an adjoining 
 ^Muptment. Uatened with auiety. Hia 
 eonnael demanded, in a mod inaolent 
 naanner, that the court ahoold pronounce 
 iu judgment. Campeggio, in reply to the 
 haughty injunction of the apeakar, aaid 
 that he waa too old and too delicate In 
 hedtli to b« intimidated by hia threau, 
 
 (a) The Hiatory of the Befoniatiaa of the 
 Okuoh &t England. 
 
 and that death being at hand, he wiahid 
 to he r«ady for the changa by having a 
 go'id o^nicienre. At theac worda the Duke 
 of Suffolk, atriking the table, eielaimed, 
 with vehemence, "The proverb la true; 
 nrv^r did a cardinal bring any good to 
 Bafrtand." Thie inault portended blood. 
 Wolaey arote. and looking at him, thua 
 apoke i " My lord, I hava the honour to 
 be a member of the Sacred College, and 
 though you be a duke, yon are indebted 
 to me for having your head on your 
 ahouldera. We have neither of ua Inanlted 
 yon, and fsell, my lord, aa much inMreat 
 in the welfare of the kingdom tad the 
 honour of hia mi^eaty ai yoti out do. We 
 have only diaeharged our duty, and none 
 but a madman can blame ua. Calm your 
 angry paaaion, my lord, if yoa would apeak 
 aa beoomea a wite and prudent man, or be 
 ailent.(i>)" 
 
 (b) Therefore paciiV youraeli; my lord, and 
 apeaa like a man of houuur and wiadMa. or 
 hold your peace.— Howard.— Latray, Hiatoira 
 d'Angleterre. 
 
 CHAPTER XXI. 
 
 DUGBAOB AMD DBATH OF WOLSBT.— lftS9-l&aO. 
 
 flf the Stag wMiWf^aeyatOrailaii.— 1 
 ' agalnat the Legato.— The Dokoa 
 8Mla oTiMo.— The Mlniater^ diagraoe.—; 
 — BanidwieBt of Woboy.— Hto LatMt 
 aented agalnat Wolaey fo Aa OoaMoMM^-WolMy 
 BMinMmd.— Wobey at Moirark.— Arronad at Oaw 
 •f Sir W. Kingaton, Oonttable of. the Tower.— Wolaey 
 at Leieeator.— Hia laat iaomenia..>-B{a ekatieter. 
 
 Twa court wnantOraJfloni Henry waa nl 
 dinner with hia niatreae. "Do yoa nol 
 «dinowM|fe. aire, tlwt the oanUnal haa 
 Moeaeded in embn^ing yoa with yoot 
 •obieeu r aaked Anne. " Bow }- tufOtd 
 HMKy. " b there one fai the 'sAtitm kiif- 
 doi. tttaakt to the cardiaal, who f tm n m n 
 HfiOOt" retorted the fiavonaHt. aUudiaf 
 to the aubaidk)* which th« aiiiitar biul 
 
 Mtorted homim Ommmtmi. "BdilhtU'* 
 •lid tho Uair«*itt Mael ao foiUf M yoa 
 iMMgiMi I kawrtfMtlMMiir ttM ymt.'* 
 •*Wba« BOttie mfMUi an w pklbM 
 to Has hrV TCiMriMd AMU^pti^r' 
 "If my kf« of NoffbBu «Mpi ttf 
 Sniblk, if ay Ikthor. or «# 11% had 
 4oM Ih* hdf of what ho 
 
tt hand, ha winhid 
 ihkOfft by havioK » 
 ;h«M War Js th* Duke 
 he table, aielaimed, 
 lie prorerb la trnai 
 bring any Kood to 
 lit portended blood, 
 oltiac at him. thua 
 hava the honour to 
 Saerad CoUege, and 
 e, fan are Indebted 
 rour head on your 
 leithar of ui Inanlted 
 d, aa much inureet 
 I kiBffdom tad the 
 ai yoa ean do. We 
 our duty, and none 
 ime iM. Calm your 
 I, if yoo would apoak 
 1 prudant man, or bo 
 
 yonnelC my lord, and 
 muur and wiadoa. or 
 ird.^Larray, Hiatoira 
 
 &30. 
 
 raipagrfOb^TlM Kiag^i 
 dM Onaaedkeftrtta 
 
 oTinilMKlairiaM**- 
 I ti Impee4MMa*fW 
 on the Xia« to Vm at 
 fdimberiand.— Anttal 
 ,— btalHmiBaMl ilM 
 
 "BAlhtU** 
 #«i0laor«i%M]mi 
 
 rlbli. Sr jlipi^ 
 r, or tmrnmif had 
 It ho ipi|iii^'«Mf 
 
 • hiiftiiilii^ihw 
 
 J 
 
 UVa OV If CURT Tttt. 
 
 m 
 
 b 
 
 ■hoaldera."C) "I peroehre that you are 
 no longer fHendly with my lord the 
 cardinal." " No, aire, 1 do not like him," 
 replied Anne; "your mijeaty would do 
 the aama if you would but refleot for a few 
 minutaa on bla aotiona." 
 
 The king, after dinner, returned to hia 
 "presence ehamber." where the cardinal 
 aoon made hie appearance. On a eignai 
 from the prinoe, both retired into an em* 
 brsaora of one of the windows. The 
 oourtiera listened in silenoe, but only Inar* 
 tiottlate aounds reached their ears, In au 
 low a tone was their conversation tarried 
 on. The king often raised his head, 
 whereu. tha cardinal had his continually 
 bent lo the grnnnd. It was saay to pcroei ve, 
 from tha animated manner of the hing, 
 that the one waa an angry Judge, and the 
 other a aappUant culprit The oourtiera 
 exchanged a amila of Joy. Wolsey'e atar 
 had waned greatly. How could they any 
 longer hesitate, when the prince, taking 
 firom hia donUat a letter, reiemUing a 
 diplomado diapatoh, opened it, aa if in 
 anger, and laying his finger on a passage 
 shook the paper before the favoarit'/a pale 
 and haggard eoantananee. This time they 
 heard him aay, " la not thia, my lard, yoor 
 writing."(^ What waa thia letter r Perhapu 
 a diapateh from tho oardinal to Cbarlee V., 
 whieb tha amperor'a ambaaaador had aent 
 to Henry {(■) or perhaps some instructions 
 fh>m Wolsi7 to one of tha Italian oardinala 
 to haataa 'Jampoggio'e depaitura, and to 
 have the ti.atter eont to Rome H^) 
 
 Coi^Jaetareo onfavoorabk to the oardinal 
 wan anrmiead firoa tUa droumstanoei bat 
 when the IdM took Uo head amieably and 
 lad him into Ua private ^^amber, tbero to 
 opntf MM thaur oon r e r sa H o n , tha eoortiaBO 
 afafai changed thair opiBion, and impa- 
 tiently waited tar tha door of the rs^ 
 tpartoMat to open to pbaarro the cardinal 
 
 (■) Tea, if my lj«rd of Kerfblk, my Lord 
 of ilnlbnc my fkthar. or any othtr ai«i. had 
 done ««eh lam dMB jka hath 4«ii. (^ «M>ld 
 kave loat their beada ere this.-~HowAi|i^ 
 
 m How eait that her la not tflia y^ own 
 handT~Oa n t M tta h -^Tnmer. 
 
 (•) Turn. 
 
 l*\ Tytier.—Oampisa relates that Mir Fran, 
 els Bt^lU|^ iridia at Rome Mocored one uf 
 Wolaey'e letteis, pioviiifl tkat dMt minister WM 
 mtfenrnmbir ;^ iho diroraa.— nddea. 
 
 psie by. After more than an honr'a ooo> 
 ference, he again appeared quite flushed, 
 but without any Tisibla sign of conAieion. 
 The courtiers had ceased to smils, but a 
 ray of hope beamed from their eyee when 
 one of the gentlemen-in>waiting informed 
 Woleey'a attendant that no apartment had 
 been prepared for hia grace at the Castle, 
 and at so unreaaonable an hour of tha 
 night, the hvourita waa compelled to go 
 to Eaaton, a few miles from Grafton, where 
 the cardinal begged for hoepitality from 
 Mr. Bmpson. Two flambeaux alono pre- 
 oeded the cbancellur to ebow him the road, 
 for the night waa cloudy and rainy, and 
 the eky itself, a prophet of anger, eeemed 
 to announce the approaching fall of thia 
 second Haman. The courtiera were, how- 
 ever, compelled to wait till the morrow 
 to eea how the king would receive hie 
 minister, as ha wu again to have another 
 interview with Henry at hia axpren ro> 
 queet.(*) 
 
 Wolsey, who had passed a aleeplesa 
 night, arrived at an early hour at Urafton. 
 On approaching the Castle, he perceived 
 some extraordinary commotion, and found 
 every thing prepared for a royal hunt. It 
 was with great difficulty that he oould 
 reeoh the hall stepe, eo great waa the crou d 
 of horaea, doge, faleone, and grooms, in 
 flront of the houee.(r) He approaohed tha 
 king, who had hia foot in the stirrup, abd 
 aaluted him. "My lord," eilH Hrlf^ to 
 him, " if yon have any buaincsa to tyteaaot 
 with me, you can communicate it to the 
 iorda of my Privy Council, and you will 
 accompany the cardinal legate." Oneaying 
 thia, ha vaulted on horaebaok, and disap> 
 peared with hia miatreas in the maaea of tha 
 fDreet.(r) To heeiute about hia disgrace 
 waa now impoesible. Anne had obtained 
 her wiah. Thia hunting party had been 
 pnrpoeely got up to avoid a aeeond inter- 
 view between her lover and the oardinal. 
 Aa th«v were returning homewarde after 
 the hunt, Anna bagged tha king to ba)t on 
 tha dowiM, whaa* aha had had a magni> 
 floant repast ptepaied for Henry, ami in 
 the evening thay returaed to GraftoOk ao 
 
 (•) Howard. 
 
 (f ) C. D. Voss. Hehnhdi del Aehlk 
 
 (•) Howard. 
 
 9 
 
 - a 
 
 •fj^*^:' 
 
17« 
 
 tir« ev mmnn tut. 
 
 M to Kirt th« IsffttM Hum to iMT«.(*) Oa 
 kit nlura to the CMtia. Htnry wm in. 
 fenrnd tint CMopagKio had, on l«iriiiff, 
 tektq ■ Ur{(« luni of money which ha had 
 raoaived from Wotaay.(fc) Thia waa ona of 
 fiha faltahooda invantad by Anna and bar 
 amiaMurica to worli out tha lagata'a fall. 
 
 On haaring thia intelHuanca, Hanry 
 ordarad tha cardinala to ba puraufd ; and 
 •t Dorar. Campairgio wu axoaadingly 
 Mtonlahad at finding no vcaaal ready for 
 klm, and yat mora ao on aeaing hia 
 ■putmant inradad by a band of aoldim 
 dmanding tha monay ha nceivad f^m 
 Wolaay. la tha firat momant of fHght, 
 1m Ihrav himaelf at tha feet of hia eon. 
 iMaor, and bfaonght him to give him 
 ■baolntiAa, but on coming to himaelf, ha 
 jnttilM agaiaat thia unaeeraly treatment, 
 Md dachrad that ha would not leare the 
 Uogdom natil he had receired aatiafhetion 
 ftv tUa inault. Heniy rafbaad to apologia* 
 tot Ua eonduct, on the plea that the oar* 
 diaal waa no bagar a legate , that ho had 
 azoreiaed hia commiaaion after it had been 
 woked bf the Pope, and that he waa an 
 BaglM aabjaot, ainco ha had been pre- 
 •anted by itqral unailhMnoe with the aae 
 •f Salisbaty. 
 
 Could CbBMnt ha«« wield«ril hia awnrd 
 like Julioe II., Henry wooM have apolo- 
 RiMiito tha ambaaeador of tha VkAj See. 
 Bowerer, the aaareh waa aol ia raaIitT«>r 
 AMMVa^, bat tha Uag hoped to flad tha 
 4MN|il or aome letter from Wolacj to tha 
 Vtapt thi* might be turned agaiaat him on 
 «• ehaife of high treaaon. whieb it waa 
 pwrpo««l to biiag agaiaat bim. Perhapa, 
 alao, tiiey widied to obuia pooaeeaioa of 
 Heaiy'a eomapoadKiea with Anne Boleyn i 
 Jut they had baaa altaady enit to BoBie.(*) 
 Than U9 ia hiatoiy mtaj ezamfriaa of 
 nafonaaea lUla, whm tha enlprit, atmek 
 hj aa laTiaiUa arm, and purified l*y tha 
 
 *« of ohaatiaament. eioitaa our aympathy, 
 which, howaTer, we ehould refuaa to acoord' 
 to nobler Tietime ealaotad for puniahment 
 by Dirine Prorideaoe. But for the heart 
 to ba touohed, the trial muat be coun«». 
 oualy aupportad. Teara from the eye of a 
 fallen angel meet with no commiaaration. 
 uuleaa they be teara of repanUnoa. Had 
 Wolaay but knelt before the croaa wbioh 
 ha wore aa an inaignia of iiia dignity at 
 that awfbl moment whan God viaited him, 
 w* ehould hare forgotten the aparkling 
 diamonda with which he waa covered, and 
 hare only thought of the ainner reaigmd 
 to thadooreee of heaven. But a* he did 
 not caat hia anchor on religion, ha fell at 
 the 9rat bla*t of the atorm, and none com- 
 miMerated him. Ha inspired pity and not 
 intareet in tha breaat of hia eo tempo- 
 rariea. Tha Biahop of Bayonae, who weat 
 to viait him in hw affliction, waa aatonished 
 at the undignifled grief erineed by Wolaay, 
 ia biaworda u wall aa hia oount*aance.(d) 
 On the morrow of Si. Michael, Woleey, 
 
 (•) Howard. 
 Sf.^2*"^ aa idea of CampaMto'e IroaanMa. 
 
 htanmlae tripMtL and the pniate'e looage 
 Inmtepaa wWk Wlint «• the gNoadl^lu 
 afcoae, a eaaaook repaired all over, and a few 
 ■eiifly ewato of bSad we» fcuai 
 
 W ^elhiwd Uuw. Itiaauppueed. at York 
 aoaaa, ia Wobey a caUaei. 
 
 (*) Au denourent, dit-il. j'ay eati voir la 
 cardinal en aea ennuia 06 qna j'y ey troav4 la 
 ploa yrand esanple da forluna qw on ne 
 acaiir.il voir: U m'e remoortr* aoiT oaa au • 
 plua manvaiaa rb<iorique qna J« via Jamaiii 
 
 fi^S!.""",**^"*"" '■» Wlloiantantttrement 
 ilabi»ploiirl«tnritf qua la roy (Prui«oi« |w) 
 
 1 J??*"* ^•**" wiWaaant avoir piiM da 
 luy a'ila avoyeat lronv4 qn'U awt gnardtf pro- 
 ««ee de lenr eetre boo aarviunr \atani w 
 eon hooaenr et novelr ae y eat pen eaiendre ; 
 ■^UmeAlalalaleai aaaa eMaanvbiyl; 
 qui eat Uaa daaahe* de U mailli do jnM>S 
 •* Tauapwmala qua ae fettnne eet'telle qS 
 aaeaaaemva. aae nee qnlle eoyent Anglula, ne 
 •Jjaarotat gnaid« d>ea avoir ^U-.-dJ 
 y " ?' *•,*»« d'aaoleelt*, de oMit. U 
 
 toot Jaaqn' I laehenlaa, at qua as le laiaw 
 
 **'?.?''**>'*<*• '•r«i*MM«>itfaamianli 
 qua J'ai pea, male U n'yai aofiOieaaatdwae! 
 . . . . U&taiale & ajpaon MS»M«k^ 
 
 ,f !52 tlfiS^ •* pri>*mt to., tor. 
 
 ^^ • .'*' ' * cHwrt an pUa* $aU*: Je 
 .^ fo'Oa ftiaat da beeax miradw.. l. 
 ieaaveahi oaMarkvoua dire oMrfU^ 
 
 1"" • 
 
 ••iiWL 
 cnfpM^ 
 erna *■ 
 
 
 T 
 
 y.r.-»m^'TtTaB(j| 
 
Moitti oar ufmpthy, 
 ihould rtfuM to acoonl 
 Mted for paniahineBt 
 I. But for thfl huart 
 ial muit be county. 
 an from the ejre of « 
 ih DO commiMraUoB, 
 of repenUnoe. Had 
 ifora the croaa wbtch 
 aia of hia dinnitjr at 
 hen God visited him, 
 gotten the eparkling 
 he »Bt covered, and 
 the ainner reaigntd 
 to. But M be did 
 I religion, he fell at 
 torm, and none com. 
 napired pity and not 
 at of hia eo tempo- 
 ' Bayonoe, who went 
 :tion, was aetonished 
 fevineedbj Wolecy, 
 hia oounteaance.C) 
 ((.Michael. Wotae^. 
 
 It-il. j'ajr asti voir le 
 I qua i'j ay troav4 le 
 
 lortuna qua mi ne 
 naaalr< aon oaa au • 
 « qna Je via jamaiai 
 UlloiantantMrement; 
 ) I* rojr (Pran^ia (*) 
 aiaatnt avoir pitU de 
 n'ii esat gnardtf pro. 
 aervitanr antaatque 
 
 7 eat pea aeiendre ; 
 ■ana ane aoa viaaiga' 
 >iMiU4 4eJaBtapriak 
 fectnoe eet telle qae 
 la eojrent Aagluls, ne 
 'en avoir |iritf..De 
 ttarittf, de eiMil, U 
 
 ait prsat de laiaaar 
 •t qae OB b lalaw 
 ae le tanant le Roy 
 •ManlHtf an miaois 
 laaiyiofmatehoae.. 
 lann aas eoninia eet 
 *SfintiU imemUlMtH 
 prmJtml Inu km 
 »§ V it rnitM t» 
 
 m pUm UUt: Je 
 wans miraolaa.... 
 I dire qoe ai le toy 
 qualqae ehooe poor 
 r } MMotea ne aaroat 
 I'altfatduleanean. 
 M MadeBMiaeUe de 
 
 r.iri or hrxiit ymi. 
 
 ini 
 
 ■ 
 
 att*inded lij his ordinary auite, o|iened the 
 Court of Chancery, when it was remarlied 
 that none of the royal servants were in 
 attendance at tba bottom of the stairs to 
 accompany him. At ths very moment that 
 he tuoii Ilia aeat, vested in his innignia. 
 Hales, the Attorney>Oaneral, ap|>eare<l in 
 tlie King's Bench with two liilla of aocuaa« 
 linn againat Wolicy. The miniater was 
 accused of having transgressed, as Irgate. 
 the statutea of Richard II., known under 
 the title of frmmuHin. A long-proscribed 
 and almoai-abrogated law waa revived 
 againat the cardinal, which hcd been 
 violated by avery prelate in the kingdom, 
 for not one of them had dreamt before exer> 
 ciaing the powers conforred on him by 
 Roms^ of taking out lettera-patent 
 
 The king had, in the Arst law-oCeer of 
 the kingdom, a servile inatrument of 
 iniquity. Wolsey, who excrciaed his 
 powen aa legate in England by virtue of 
 royal authority, night have euily proved 
 hia innooeDcet(*) but that would have cut off 
 all hope of pardon \ " the night-bird " who 
 wstcbsd over Tudor'e couch would have 
 perverted thia appeal flrom an opprrased 
 •ubject to the Justice of hie maatar. Wol« 
 aey preferred ailence, and that was an act 
 of cowardice on his yut, u by hie sileoco 
 h« aet an example to thooe unhappj 
 wrrtchea whom the prince, in hie dea- 
 potism, might hereafter find guilty. A few 
 days after, on the I7(h October, the Dukea 
 of Norfolk and Saflilk mcrted to York 
 Houae to dcflaand tnm the cardinal the 
 seals of atato. Wolssj rrqnirad an order 
 eigned by the king, gvivMntcciiig their 
 eommieaion i ihajr had only their word to 
 give to the miniater, who reftoeed to resign 
 hia powers withont a latter from hia sore- 
 reigni they conaequently returned on the 
 ammv with the reqoiaite anthorilgr, whidi 
 Wolaqrimm«diaftal]roba|«d.(k) tliiatima 
 Iw wan not only nqnirad to yMd up the 
 ina^prin of hb vtthMttjr ta Chancellor, bat 
 the trauurea u^Jcfc W bad aiBaMed while 
 b power, h" \ had d<etw d to convert 
 York Hooee Lto one ef Aa royd 
 pnlaeoi^*) wbfla tho favourite waa to go 
 
 (•) llalL-«M«i4iA. 
 
 nnd muse at Esher on the vanity of thla 
 world, and the insubility of fortune. 
 Wolsey l)ent his head, feeling but too 
 hnppy that it ha«i not been required of him. 
 On the movrow, when the commiasionere 
 came to tuke postession of York Hoose in 
 tlie king's name, they were l>ewildered on 
 seeing the trcasurea which the cardinal had 
 axpreasly laid out on Ubies for them. 
 Never did an oriental bataar witncs* so 
 magniflcent a eight. Lao X. at the Vatican 
 had not during his reign collected more 
 curious objeote nf crt. AfHca, Enropo, 
 and Asia had been exhaueted in die embei- 
 liohment of thia palace < Mechlin had given 
 her lace t the Hague her flneet linen i Lyuna 
 and Florence their silk: Breeoia her wrought 
 arme t Mexico her diamonda. There were 
 separate rooms for the tapeetry, pioturee^ 
 and statues; gold and silver vessels { paint- 
 ing was represented by Raphaiil, Fra Bar> 
 tolomeo, Albert Durer, Hdbein, and dmo* 
 butft aeulptore by Pcrrino deOa Vag«, 
 Michael Angelo, Ssnsovino, and Orgi^inc 
 The bold artist who boaeted of having shot 
 the Duke of Bourbon at the siege of Boom, 
 Renvennto Cellini, had hia cnpa wrought 
 with an art altogether divina eihibitad 
 thero.(<i) 
 
 All the great monareha of the aga^ Leo 
 Z., Clement VII., Fhmeie I., Chartea V., 
 and Henry VIII., bad there depoeitad their 
 tributee of respect. What tears, what cun- 
 ning, what peijury, what falaebood bad 
 this immense wealth coet their maatar i 
 For nearly a fortnight the rommisakwiwa 
 were engaged in drawing op an inventMj, 
 which took no leta tiian for^ pegaa in 
 folio.(*) His grace'e steward, Sif WilHam 
 Gascoigne,(t) waa exceedingly grieved a6 
 being obliged to asaist at the spoUatkm of 
 such wealth; he waa completely beart- 
 broken, and abed bitter teara of r^pel 
 when he tdd the cardinal that the MMOilen' 
 
 (d) In hia gallery there waa aet divers taUee, 
 whereupon a great number of rich stoSi of silk 
 in whole pieeee, of all colors, as velvet, eatla, 
 damask, oaA, taffeta, gromm, sarcene;, and 
 othere not in my remembrance. Also there 
 lay a thouaand piccea of fine linen elotL 
 —Cavendish. The tepeatiy ia atill to be seen 
 in Hampton Court. ^ . 
 
 (•) Harl. M88., Mo. 5M1, Biitii^ Mveeoikr 
 
 (') Thomson. 
 
 V t 
 
m 
 
 huA bam ooniammatMl. Tkii agtd Mr> 
 vanl rtffMrdtd thii m« of robbery h • tur* 
 fbrtninur of bia muUr*! apMdjr txwu> 
 lion, and ha wm OTarhtard muttarinn to 
 bkmwlf (hat awful word (iU TWrr. "Tha 
 Tower I Rir WlUlam," aiolaimad iha tarrl. 
 f ltd cardinal i " wbat ara yoa talklaK about I 
 Tha Towtr, that ta falaal I bava dooa 
 BothinK to narit tha Tower. HU M^at/ 
 ^irad to cunrart thia palaca into a royal 
 raaldanea. that la all t Tha Towar I How 
 vail do you know how to ooniola your 
 iMMtat in bU advtTatty r(*) A raport wna 
 in airculMloai In Londou that tba cardinal 
 would bo arraatad on bla anWarhation, ao 
 thai tha baaka of tha Thamca ware 
 crowded with apoctatora of arery rank who 
 had oono, with orual pleaaure, to witneaa 
 Ike aoanc, but they wrre diaappointcd. 
 Wolaqr, prooadad by one oroaa, landed at 
 Putney, and nounted on a mula waa wcad> 
 {■It bla way alowly to Eahcr i the rain wm 
 falllDR In torrrnto. and tba oardinal bad 
 |f«nl (llflcuity in aactndlnt tba little bill 
 wfaloh benda ao gmoafnlly aa it laada to tba 
 ?illa||« oT Pataay, whan ba beard tba tntl 
 of n boraa bebiad bin s on hwking round, 
 tall of aaiiety. ho pereeired Norrla. one of 
 Nm gantlanscn of the bed-ebamber, who 
 faa riding aa hard m ha could to overuke 
 Iho exile, and boldkic in hia band a royal 
 iMNHwa. "WbM la it r'oried the oardinal. 
 -kftM ring, ny lord." replied Nurrla. 
 **aad a letter ftroa bia midiaaftyi a gold 
 fiag^ wbiob be took of bla owa lager, and 
 a latter written by hiouelf. Tdie iti 
 Covrage, my lunl, you will aooa be more 
 powerftd than jon bav* aver becn."0>) 
 Voleey, who hoard and aaw ao more, leapt 
 of tha mule. aad. kneeling dowa ia the 
 ■iud.(<) took the royal ritiK, which he kiaeed 
 faapeotfully and abed teaia of Joy i than 
 Mag «p, aad praeaing tha ring to bla 
 kaart. he aaid. " How luppy do I fael, ay 
 good Norriaj were I king, the half of my 
 Uagdom would not bo aufleieat to taatify 
 
 ?) Otvaadiah.— Tunwr 
 ») Tkaielere, lir.aaid Monia,(BkaMtience, 
 tfr I trait to aae yoa in better aataU than over. 
 
 Tl^o Ml npoa bia kaaaa, and letnmed 
 Oadca to Ood fcc aaok oearfoitabla and Joyfiil 
 
 ktril or RKMHV Vltt. 
 
 my Kraiiturta, hut I hare noihinn, lUerany 
 hoihinir, lave thii gold cloth, whirh oovera 
 my b«Mt. Aliip, )fa, I have i here Uk« 
 thla cold chain to «hioh la attarhril a relic 
 of the true croaai when I waa in proi|)«rity 
 I would not liare parted -viih it for £1000. 
 Keep it for my laka, and when you look at 
 it recall me to the memory of my good 
 maatcr. Oh ! yea I my good maatcr, whom 
 I have loved more than myMlf and whom 
 I have well Mrved i and to aay that 1 have 
 no one now to convey to him the aipreaaion 
 of my gratitude I bat Patch, my fool, 
 who ia with CM, will be my interpreter to 
 bia roajeety with you, my good Norria. 1 
 Hive him to bia m^eety i Patch ia worth 
 £I000."(<>) But the lool when calird reftaaed 
 to leave bla old Baatar, and uim atrongmen 
 eould acarcely tie him to a boraa, which 
 eel off at <\ill gallop.(«) 
 
 Tha oardii.al bad acarcely arrived at 
 Eabar ere he waa takea aerioaaly iU| 
 cad during one of hie aborl reapiteo 
 fh>m fever be endearoared to touch bia 
 Buater'a fcalinge, and the following pathetic 
 latUr would probably have done ao bad 
 not Anne Boleya interfered. ** My graeioua 
 and aweet mactcr," (wrote tiie invalid.) 
 " your obaplaia, InArro and woni«out, will 
 not eeaaa to crave your mercy and coah* 
 paaaioB. Ho doee not thne weary you with 
 hie compkiata bacauac be doubta your 
 haarit or bopea to alarm yon by threat of a 
 trial I but bceaoac he wi«hea you to know 
 that he ia coaviaced liiat after God be eaa 
 oaly kwk to jou for hope of pardoa. 
 Therefore he (care aottoaddrcac to you 
 the Boct ardent petltione. Ilw idea, thai 
 a pour eeneeleec fool elioald have cibndad 
 ny wcl|.beloved aoveraign ir eo painful to 
 ay heart, that I can acarcely mueter aulR. 
 dent courage to cravo your coapaeeion. 
 It ia enough, O pioM khig. Bectrainyoor 
 kand from cmakiag year aervaat« I pray 
 yon. in tke aaac at tkal atar wkoac 
 ailfc Jacva ancked fur the keeling of our 
 tim4,n Jnaua. wko haa conmandad 
 yon to pard«Hi. by aigring to yon, 'For^ 
 give cad it aball be fnrgivon to yoni 
 
 ;<) Cavendiib. 
 
 •) TyOer. 
 
 [t) SUiePapei%I,,M7.1^ 
 
iar« noihinn, lUarallf 
 ti cloth, whirh oovara 
 , I hkvci her* Uk« 
 ioh !• ittarhrd » ralie 
 n I WIS In protptrity 
 «d 'vilh it for £1000. 
 md Mhtn jrou took at 
 mtmnrj of my good 
 f good maatar, whom 
 in myaalf and whom 
 id Ui aay that 1 bata 
 to bim tb« aiprtaaion 
 at Patch, my fool, 
 ba ny intarpratar ta 
 uay good Norria. 1 
 aty I Patch ia worth 
 >1 when called reftaaad 
 r, and nix atrong man 
 m to » horaa, whioh 
 ) 
 
 •earealy anrivad •! 
 takaD aarionaljr iU| 
 hii ahofl raapitaa 
 rovrfd to tooch bit 
 ;ha foUowing patbatia 
 r hava dona ao had 
 ■Cwjd. "Mjrgneioua 
 (wrota the inndid,) 
 
 > and woniMiat, will 
 nir Biarcy and cou' 
 
 > tbna weary you with 
 M* ba doubia yoor 
 n yon by thraat of • 
 
 wiitbea you to know 
 bat after God he eaa 
 w hope of pardon, 
 attoaddreaa to you 
 mt. The idea, that 
 liiould have nibndad 
 eign if ao painful to 
 icarealy muatar auft> 
 '• your eompaaaion. 
 king. Bntrtinioor 
 roar tmnai, I pray 
 r thai atar whoaa 
 >r iIm haaling ot our 
 
 haa eonunanded 
 gring to yon, 'tot- 
 
 1 forgivan to y«ai 
 
 9*9,90. 
 
 Un Of BBMRT Vtlf. 
 
 l$\ 
 
 HIeMrd art tha ncr?lful becauaa they will 
 have mercy.' To your graoa from your 
 almoner." The kniR wai ineiorablei 
 whereon, the inraltd began to dcepair. To 
 the ferer, which wee gradually nnrfermining 
 hia atrangth, were J«>ined aueb aeuu puine 
 in tlM bowela aa to deprire him of deep. 
 Daring theea eufferinge in mind and body, 
 Wola^ never ao much aa onee lifted up hia 
 cyae to heaTan, at leaat eo that aerrant, 
 (Carendiab.) who waa fhlthAil to him till 
 death, reiataa. One night (I at November) 
 a knock wae heard at the eaetle gatei(*) 
 it waa Sir John Ruaeell who deeireil to 
 apeak to the cardinal i ha had hmught the 
 priaoner another ring from the king aa a 
 Iraah pledge of Henry'a good wiahee. 
 What meant thit nocturnal ruHl Did 
 Henry, aeoapod for aa Inatant from the 
 imv*ilUnr« of hia miatreaa, rcgtat hia teeat> 
 ment of the cardinal t Waa the ring tha 
 aymbol of an approaching reconciliation 
 with tha exile, whom he had been oom* 
 pclled to aacriflee to the caprice of hia 
 favourite r Such ia tha opinion of a few 
 liiatoriana favourable to Henry j but God- 
 win imaginea that tha prinea waa only 
 (ilaving with Wulaay Uka a oat with a 
 mouae, aad the comparlaon ia aa Joel aa it 
 pioturtaqoa. Never even while FVaaeia 
 wu addraaoing hia aa " My IHand, tha Lord 
 High Cbaaeallor of Bnglacd." waa Wolaaj 
 ao Joyous. Mary, hia good atar, bad 
 doubtleaa operated a miradai Henry waa 
 paoifled. With a twabMag hand hahaataaad 
 to wnta a Haw Unaa aapraea i va of thanka to 
 hie eovereign i " O ny good, my aovareign 
 lord, raoahra nj kanbia, ay loving thanka 
 for tha praaent your higkneaa haa bean 
 pleaaed to aaod to yoor poor priaat, toyonr 
 aubjeel new lying in dnat aad aahaa. Oh I 
 I perceive that ny graeiona maatar haa 
 taken pilj and compaaeion on my afflio* 
 liona. May God toward hinj I ahall 
 beaceoh Him to watoh ever yon. and to 
 beatow on yon tha traaaorea of hia graoa.'*(k) 
 Wolaty'e enemiea were not by any meant 
 inactive, for they introduced a Bill of Im- 
 peachment aguna* the ex-miniater in tha 
 Commona. Ilia bill, a tiaaae of iniqaitiee, 
 to which foortatn paere aflixed tlMir aigna> 
 
 (•) Oeveadjah. 
 
 8uuPai«ia.I.,34t,S49. 
 
 turee, contained aa many heada of 
 
 tion againat the fallen minieUri be waa 
 aoouaed of having aierciead the Ainctiont 
 of a legate without the king'a authority i 
 of aigning hia diapatohae to the Holy 8aa 
 and other eourte, aa lAe king and /; of 
 having proclaimed war by hcrald-at-amt 
 againet Charles V., without having coo- 
 aultod the king, of having, while aick with 
 the French fever and rotten to the bonea, 
 preeumed to breathe on the king- and 
 in order that he might obtain the tiara, 
 of having aent some of the treaturaa of tha 
 cro-vn into Italy.(*) 
 
 On the let Deoember, iba bill wm pre- 
 eented to the Commona. Cromwell, a 
 member of the houae, who, from the oar- 
 dinal'a aervice had paeaed to that of tha 
 king'a, pleaded for hie formor maatar with 
 auch aloquenea that tha bill wu r^ccted. 
 Tbie victory drew publie attention on tha 
 apeaker. Cronwell had akown ao Uttla 
 aidll, for, inatead of endeavouring to defend . 
 the eardinal'a adminiatratioo, ha tndaa 
 vourad to prove that tba miniater waa aof 
 guilty, and had tha gh>rir of lavinff bit 
 benafiMtor'a head from tha bb>ek.('<} Hopa 
 aaemed again to enila on tha exile. Wha« 
 the cardinal waa being informed by Crom« 
 wan of tha riifaetion of the Bill of Impeach- 
 ment by the Coinmone, Norfolk brought 
 him a meaeaga tnm tha kiag, eonvaying 
 the intelligance that bia majcaty had vooeb- 
 aalM to taka an intereat b tha eervania 
 whom tha odniater had been obliged to 
 diaeharga. Tba aoveieign'a kttar waa 
 penned ia a very aibctionata t^ltj tnd 
 Wobey aeoordingly prapared a anmptnooi 
 baoqnat Cor the diAa ia ona of tho kifaal 
 apartmenta in tha catde,(a) and at thi^ 
 were about to ait down at table, Cavendiah 
 informed tha hoat aad hia goeat af tha 
 arrival of a eeeond royal maaaangar.y) i| 
 waa Maatar Shellay, whom tha ki«g had 
 aent to deroand tha tranafar of York Hooaa 
 to the crown. Woleay. anrpriaed at each a 
 reqneet, objected that York Hooaa waa 
 eceletiaatical proper^, ct wUeh ha 
 
 (a) Matebew PaHcL-r De Antlquiiata Bii* 
 Uumiow sccleaae. 
 (*) Llnfard.— Herbert— Carta. 
 
 (a) Cavendiah. " 
 
 (0 CavnuUah. 
 
 ■fgmigiS0Si!SK>sfxsia!ssx/f^;m<i^~Ti:i^aS^s!w^E^^.'- 
 
Etri or NivcT »m. 
 
 aalf ft %titm4 br IMW| bal tlMlbr. JMtk* 
 of lb* Court ol Comnon PIm*. intlatod 
 that « rcAual would dwobitu* tb«iovtr»i«B, 
 who dtairtd to coarmt Um palMM into ■ 
 wvaujr raaideww. II* Mid tlwl in iho 
 •plaian of tho BMinbtn of Ui« Privy 
 Coancil. York Ho«im «m Hanry'* |wo> 
 P«t]r. Md tint WuImj'i ooBMnt »loa« wm 
 •rtatod. Utarjf. bowtvtr, would not bo 
 wiHinltAil' H« would fnmrv* to WoImj 
 lh« tonponl and spiritual adniBiatratioa 
 of tlM Moa of York and Wioebtatar i would 
 pay kia dabu, and maka bim aonM Taluabla 
 
 Tba oudiaal thoa rapUad to Sballayi 
 *• T^ kiBff. If aatar ShalUy. ia a loral prino* 
 Md who can only daair* that whiah ia rigiii. 
 Ml aa, iWtbar of tba laws, if wbat you adi 
 b UKal I for that wbKb ia illagal ia inmuraL 
 Thanfara if I iiiva you my aifaatur*. you 
 ■uat taka tba rMponiibiliiy on yourMlf. 
 o«iy I bag of you to tell bit miOMty, mj 
 fraeioaa nuatar, to ramanbrr Ibat afur 
 (Ida lifb Ikan ia a haavan and hail."(k) 
 Ha thaa ai|ni*<i i Uioa aibrdinf a uwlan* 
 •boiy nuttfit to thoaa unhappy aoul* who 
 VDuld, through hu of diaplaasiog tha 
 klBf, fbllow tha aianpla of on* of tli* 
 fnataat dlgBitafi*a of tha church, a* a nils 
 of eoodvct ia tha alianalion of property 
 b*longiBgtonUgionaoorporati<>n*.(*) But 
 Ua a a aaa l aa wara not aatiaiadj tk* moat 
 U<lar tmomg tham waa th* Duk* of Nor- 
 fsUi. who had only a f«w day* bafor* b*«n 
 Um b*ar*r of a lattar (Mm Hanry.O All 
 
 Jiii 
 
 (•) Rymar and Fiddaa ka** aMntk»*4 ia 
 _ «ail tk* royal pmant*. Tk*y eouiMwt of 
 ASiOOO ia monoy, 9,066 oa. of nlut*. **hi* 
 MUO.( to honm and • ami**. tiIiu* ieo ; 6 
 •ara. valua MK; 00 pair ofoxfa. Talii*C4U.t 
 70 ikavp, valua £13. t ■ffricaltoral implemMiu 
 •atfaulcd at £»V. ,-ta all, £6.374. ft* 7d. 
 
 m And akow bis kighana flrom me tkal I most 
 Mr* Ua midMrty la rraMnb*r then i* both 
 baavea and kdL— Howard, qnoiiaf CaTaadiak. 
 
 (•) Tke ekaptar of York oooflrmMi ik* 
 daaadon. and Yorit How* waa eallad tk* 
 maMf el Wealaiiaater. Tke Mlowtaf year 
 «M «a*t meadow* aurroandiag 8t. JaaMa'a 
 vara aaaazed to It.— HaU. 
 
 (') The hatred of Ike nobility Ibr the 
 "bntekar'a eon" waa Jnatiiad by Us iaaolent 
 bakavfamr towards tbeak Skelioa attacked 
 •ad exposed tke Moud impeitineaoe of tke 
 aiaieter in Ua " IFly ceaM y« imI to Mwriy" 
 My lofd is not at laytei 
 0]^ ya moat lany a atonad. 
 
 that h* said was niatad al eo«rt| tha 
 nam** of th* few wko vwiiad him war* mad* 
 known i and ha waa aetaaed of dreeivinK 
 Ike king by feigning Ulaeeeee wbleb be 
 had not. Tke retaia of tba cardinal to 
 power waa held out as a thrsal ta Aoaa 
 Bolaya i and tha fkTourlle, wUle inalag 
 on her lorar'a arma during tbeir walk*, 
 would eay to tha prince i " How beautiful 
 it la, air*, to be with you in lb*** lovdy 
 gardan* wbkh my enemy eecsse to have 
 ornamented only for my eaae. alikougk 
 often and often baa he roediUted b*r* oa 
 mj d**imotioa."(«) On tha morraw, whan 
 tha king arooe, it wae told kim that some 
 of WolaiyV ^^rranU bad left bimi again, 
 that they had diminiahed hie rental, or that 
 Eahcr, a p**iif*roua babitalion, was aa 
 silc.it daring tha day aa at night. Hie 
 •nemiee would have liked to have dcprivrd 
 tba tree* of bis park of their f^shn«s«, 
 and to have drivrn thence the bicda wlio 
 sang under his window, lit* cardinal whs 
 soon taksn so ill that it waa reported at 
 Or^enwieh that he bad only a ftw mora 
 daya to liTa. His physiriaa wrou to the 
 court, saying, that Wolacy woald certainly 
 die unleea some notice were taken of him. 
 " Haaten to oonsola him." aaid tha king to 
 hie physiciaB i " fur I woold not loaa bim 
 fW £1000." (the half of what ha apaat for a 
 touraamaat.) " By St. Mary, my g<iod 
 Master Butt,ull him that I have noreaaoa 
 to be angry with him } let him not giva 
 himaelf up to deapair, for I knra him aa 
 nuah aa nrar 1 did t" aad tha«, turning 
 towarda Anna, said. " Ilieg of yao, if yon 
 kva me. to aead Um aooaa souvwir which 
 
 Tyl batler toy**r b* fennd i 
 
 ABd*)rry« mu*i dannc* aitandanc*^ 
 
 And laka paliant aaCHauac*. 
 
 For my lord's grace 
 
 Hatk now no irni* nor space 
 
 Tospedt wlik yon as yet. 
 
 And tkus tkey skall syt. 
 
 Ckusa ikem qrt or flit. 
 
 Stand, wdka, or ride 
 
 And kia laiaar abide 
 
 Ferekaace kalf ayere, 
 
 Aad yet nsmre Ike nera. 
 JSa^u"'^ MMawm. (Con. Uaadowas^ 
 978.) is a letter Ikom the ekaalaia I'hmaaa 
 AUen la Ike Barl ef Bhnw^tm!j!iZthMh^ 
 for a wkole week ke kad waHaJ cTlS^^mao. 
 witkoat being able to sBMk^taUm. ^^ 
 
 "M ' iHJ- ! -, 
 
phtUd •« M«rt| th* 
 ruiMd hla wn uNwi* 
 
 MCMtd of d#Mivill|| 
 
 K UlBMMa whkb Im 
 I of tb« rudiMl lo 
 M a thrMt to AoM 
 ovrllo, vhil« iMalag 
 
 duriac lh«ir walkt. 
 •• I " How bMutlfal 
 I jrou ia lh«M lovtiy 
 MiBjr MtBM lo hava 
 
 mj taaa, alihouRli 
 h* mnlitatad hero oa 
 )b Um uMiraw, whan 
 ■ toM hiai tkat loin* 
 had Icfl bin » a«ain, 
 Md hia rtatal. or that 
 
 babhaliaa, waa aa 
 r aa at niRht. Hia 
 liad to bavo daprivrd 
 of thair fVtabavai), 
 banco tb<> biida wlio 
 r. Ill* cardinal «viia 
 tt it waa rrportad at 
 ad oaljr a law mora 
 ijrairiaii vroU to tbo 
 >)mj wo«ld oartainly 
 I wara lakan o( bin. 
 m." aaid tba fcinn to 
 
 would not Inaa bim 
 r what ha apant far a 
 it. Mary, my good 
 hat I bava do naana 
 
 i lat bim not gitra 
 , for I kiva bin aa 
 ' aad Ihoa^ taming 
 I Iteg of jao, if foa 
 mao aouvwir whkh 
 
 iaibandi 
 innco aiiaadaaca^ 
 wflinauBca, 
 ea 
 
 norapioa 
 I aayat. 
 aiajrt, 
 flit, 
 ida 
 la 
 
 jrara, 
 oaara. 
 
 I, (GoO. Laiadowaa^ 
 iha ehaplaia l-boma 
 'nbory, raiaibig hxw 
 «*itod oa U-araoa 
 
 PmaaiaL 
 
 Un or HIMHY VIII, 
 
 US 
 
 will givo him courago." Tba aoraraign 
 than Ukiag olT a rulty riag from bla flngar, 
 on whieh waa anKravrn hia portrait, and 
 which had bean furmarly glvan him by tba 
 cardinal, hoKRad Ur. BatU to giva it to Iha 
 dying man. and Anno ordarad a amall 
 aouvan«r. which aha chargad tba doctor to , 
 prsarnt to the cardinal aa a pladga ai bar 
 friandahlp (•) Tba cardinal rarivad. bat | 
 only to ralapaa into hia formar atata. on 
 boing iaformad of hia baring baan daprirad 
 of tha laraiiuaa of tba aaa of Wlnchaatar i(«) 
 ha had not lacaived hia annuity for aomo 
 tima, and aeaioaly anocgb to anpport tha 
 faw aarraaU whom h« bad baan abia to 
 ratain ia hia aarvioa i(*) hia houaa wantod 
 to ba rapairad but ha could not afford it i 
 ha waa thraatonad with an atuck of dropay. 
 owing to tha unbaaltblnaaa of tba air at 
 Kahar. " If I am not allowad lu laava thia 
 plaoa (ba wrota to Cromwall) I aball car> 
 tainly dia/'O "Tba phyaiciana" (ha 
 wrltaa again to Oardinar) " bare givon me 
 «pi I b aa aaoh you to obtain my rtmoral, 
 or Eahaf will ba my graro."(*) 
 
 In tba apring of 1S30, ha obtainad par* 
 miaaion from hit grtdoua aovaroign to Uva 
 at Richmond >(') tharo at laaat ba wouM 
 breatba fraah airi in tha moraing ha waa 
 acGuatoaoad to waik In tha park balonging 
 to tha Gartboaiau Moaai^. a ailaat 
 ratfcat, wbara ha dNvalt threa montha t ba 
 lad tha Ufa of tba laligiona. roaa with tham 
 at dawn to bear tba oiRoe. dinad in tha 
 commoa rofaetory, and want to raat at tha 
 ilaf«*M. Thia owda c<f living waa bona- 
 idal to Ua health. WoJaay tiad forgotton 
 both tha world and tha enurt i with prayar, 
 of whidi ha faU tha want, ha had found 
 poaea of aouL PM|da vaw nav movad at 
 tha a'ight of fldlaa graodaor. aaakiog a 
 balm for ita aulbtinga in prayar. It ia 
 iadacd an affecting eight to ata thia atotee- 
 man conversing with poor monbe. Ha left 
 thia holy retreat with a broken heart. 
 Richmond was in tha vieinity of London, 
 that his enemtaa wm alarmed lest Henry 
 
 (a) CavaadiA. 
 
 \ Bllia. Sacond Sariea of Lettan^ II. 7. 
 , Oavandiah. 
 
 iaatOa«Bid. aad haa bean 
 
 Mil. 
 
 Tamar.— dioT*-""! 
 Vol 
 
 Joaehimo Lattare, 
 >.— LeOiand. 
 
 abottid onee mora riait his a'd Mend, (for 
 Richmond waa hut a faw boura from Ofaa»> 
 wicb by water,) Woteay might watt have 
 called hia fetraai Pa'moa, aa Lather did 
 Wartburg, and (who knowa I) perhape tba 
 monarch might bring Wolaey back to Un- 
 don in iriampb. 
 
 Anna and bar conrtiare were at every 
 eoet obliged to prevent aw)h a recon- 
 eiliaUoni and Wolaey wae aeeordingly 
 ordered to reeide in bU aiehiepieeopal 
 pidaee at York. He Ml. bat baited every 
 inaunt on tha ioad.(«) Flnt at Piterbo. 
 rough, wher*. on Palm Sunday be look 
 hie part in the pioceeeion, carrying a palm 
 
 in hie band.(M •»■•«"« »" ^ «>»"'' '^•'' 
 tba faithful. On Maunday Thuraday ba 
 waahad tha feet of twelve poor ohildion 
 whom he kieeed, and gave each of then 
 lad, (I) and three yarda of eowaa cloth. 
 On leaving Peierboroagh. be wae eeeorted 
 by the monka a abort dietanee out of tba 
 city, a faw dajre having eufloed to gala 
 their beurie. Ha stopped near Soutbwall, 
 at Newark, a delightful episcopal laaideaea, 
 where be deaired to paaa tba ettmaMr.(l) 
 There Woleey bad ae many friaada ae then 
 wera gentlemen and peaaantsi ha had !Mit 
 one thought, the adminiatratioa of hi* 
 diooetei ha waa wont every Sunday to Mn 
 to one of tha aonntry ebnreheei al hia 
 Approach the vilbM(e belle would commaaen 
 chiming, the children would run fofward 
 to hiee hie band, and ibe young maidens to 
 preeent bim with bouquets. Theaharwas 
 pcapaiadi a faw topers, a cbtb waabed tha 
 day befoira, a wooden tabemacia, an old 
 Miaeal. whoea eoiled leavae proved that it 
 had been need by many a celebrant. Tha 
 legato eaid Maee. and afUr he had giver 
 the Benedielioo. hia cbapliia would 
 proach.O') The oak ia still showa ia tha 
 vicinity of Newark, whsN Wolaey waa 
 wont to administer Jualieai ha naad la foel 
 highly deiigbled in being i n stm ntow tal ia 
 tba laeoociliakion of familiea at vaiUaeo 
 with one another, and had an infomhlo 
 method of diamiaaing tha dafbatad party 
 perfoeUy eatiaflad with his dadaion. as ha 
 
 \l 
 
 (t) Liagard. 
 
 Howard. 
 
 !») Howarl. - 
 
 J) narmdiab.— Tomer, 
 k) Uugard. 
 
 JJ 
 

 1M 
 
 ttm or vRKiT fiir. 
 
 viMiM ktvwUMf 4ip Into hit haml iivo or 
 Ihiva piMM (i< "Hilil. Anjr i|«nil«aan [rtnt 
 Inii throogli Ntwvk wm wn of t lialfc 
 mkI fork •( lh« evdinal'a w«ie<>ni« ubia, 
 wllldi «M ■(mpl« Mill rirugil. bttt whma 
 oMMintialljr Kitld |«lM« (Mma Iriiing wr^k 
 of hk fortnar K^andaur) wu dUnUfti. 
 "Bmr M«(M]ra th« hUloriM) VM MdMMd 
 ■nd, u M w«rv. fkM-in»t«il by kk mtld and 
 tMUta<lapor(iMni."(«) "Ma; God havapit/ 
 on hit aoul. (aojra nn anoiaat auibor,) who 
 VM at aral laaa lovad tn tha North of 
 KnglMd IkM tha eardiiMi, and who mora 
 ao alkar ba had mada but too abort a aojourn 
 la hia dlocM* r'(i>) 
 
 Thia waa m a|>aciaa of hap|iinaaa naeaaaary 
 fcrlbaqulalofbiaoonadaaca, which tbaaMila 
 ought navar to hava raneuaoad i but U thIa 
 hwf pilKifiiMfa Anin Eichmond to York, 
 in pro|tortion aa ha approncbad tha artbi»< 
 piaoopal city, bia aig hlly raal wm diatwrbad 
 by antiitioua draama. Aatallad by vlaiona 
 •f worldly grmndaur, hia hrun thrubbad 
 ▼iolantly, ha agala boat a willing aar to 
 ■aun, and enuid not raaUt tha lanplar, 
 who abowad biro at a diatanea hIa apiaoopal 
 pewat, aml»lainatic of a puwar that ba would 
 •ooa rtoo««r,— and ha who yaatarday waahad 
 Hm hot of tiM poor, waa ouking ariango- 
 ■HNila for a tiianpbal aatraaoo into York, 
 whaa ba waoM taka pooaaaaloa of hia aaa. 
 Ha waa travaraiBg throagb a ooaniry 
 trhari tha autbottty of tbo priaaU waa 
 Mpfcne, and whara tha maaMiy of Thonaa 
 k Baekat, that iatrapid ohaaaptoa of tka 
 tigbtaof tha tiara, waa kdd ia raaaratioa. 
 Thar* bia ananriaa wata hyiag la waH for 
 hiai, aad h waa told tbo king thai Wolaay 
 waa aboat to oaaol tha akaraetar of St. 
 TboaMat i* waa oaldthatkia prapaiatioa 
 Jot kia aathfoniaatioa waa bat a ooaeaalvd 
 pn^ of rtvolt Biyaa, ambaaaadaa at 
 tba Court of PnAoa, wrata that ba kad 
 boaa htfbmitd that tba cardinal had a 
 aacftt eortaapondanea with Boaa, aad 
 that ha waa aoUeiting for a irall of 
 txeoiamanlcatkm againat Haary, if Haary 
 
 ;:! 
 
 Tamar. 
 
 Who waa Icaa balovml ia thaaoftka tkaa 
 aqr laid cardynall : Oodkavakiaaowio,bafera 
 ka waa aaoom thamf Who batiar batorad, 
 aAar h« had baaa tkaaa a wkUa l-A BaaMdy 
 far badiUua, IMS. 
 
 wj«wd to giva klia tha aaaia af alata-C*) 
 •M king, daoalrad by .V..rfblk and 
 iu».lk. fVilly ballarad that tha cardinal 
 waa plotting agaiaat tka atala, (<) aad aaa 
 wqoaaily ordarad kto amat. Tha Bari of 
 Nortkuaibatland and Btr Walter Walah. 
 aoeocpaniad by a nuabar of gtnllainaa. 
 Ml fof CawsQd. W;iaa U..y .„ir«U at li.a 
 oaaila Wolaay waa attting dowa to diaaar. 
 with kia lag aU'a croaa by hU alda.(«) Nor- 
 thumbarland, not daalr<ng to lalomipt him, 
 bagan aralking ap aad dowa tbo eorrMor. 
 but waa parcaivad by Wolaay, who aroaa 
 Awn ubia uBd«r tka iapraaaba tkat k« 
 waa tha baarar of aoaM good aawa, (aa tha 
 •art had baan adueatad by tha cardinal.) 
 aad, tharafota, adraneing towarda him, with 
 a ainlla on hia couatananaa, aald. "My 
 kwd, thIa la wall I I aaa that you hava pro- 
 itad by my Uaaona wblla aadar my luitkin. 
 Ood will blaaa yon. my lord, for taking 
 mob oara uT yoar fatbar'a aorvaala. My 
 k)rdl may thay lira k>ag, aad dia in your 
 aarTieo."(') With thaaa worda ba took tka 
 •arl by tha haad. and aoaductad him to kia 
 badroom. Nortkuabarlaod, daaply aikctad 
 by thli raeaptlon. waa naahia to apaak for a 
 faw momanta.(() Aftar a abort bnt aarata 
 •tniggia batwaaa bia afWthta for Wolaay 
 and hia duty to tba king ,ka wm ambol. auad. 
 aad laying bia kaad, tranakma from aar- 
 ronaaaaa. on bia fiiiii J aiii tatot'a aboekfar. 
 •aid, in a diatlaot toaa of voica. " My k>rd. 
 I arraat you oo tha ekaiga of kigk tnaaoa.** 
 Tha oanllBal wm larrMad, aad kMUng 
 ■taadCutly at tka aarl, la<|nirad. " By what 
 aiMhwityduyoanrT*at(na,nyh»rdr **Oa 
 a oommiaakHi aalnieUd to im by aij 
 maatar,'* rtpMa4 Northambarlaad. "Mmv 
 na yoar eemariaakm.'* "I eaaaot. mf 
 lord." ** la ihM «aM 1 akan act a^r 
 
 (•) 1lM kina kifbrmad ma that ka ia plottiag 
 aaaiaM hia m^)a«ly. and ka alao maaltuM tka 
 tioM aad pfawa, aad wM that aMca ikaa aaa af 
 kia aarvanta kad dlaaovaiad It aad ahaigMl kia 
 witk it— Latiaia dl Gkivaaai Joadriaao da 
 Vaai. S aad 10 Novam. lfta8.~llM. 
 BMhua. 1658.— Tka amhaaaader addii Tha 
 fctaMT aaadittaa of dm cadHaal makaa kUa 
 vary mnak dhM ti aJa d wUk kk anaaalaaii. 
 
 'oa. 
 
 *^ i!?- ^'^- ****• H*^- N. m, ». an 
 
 t>tlar. 
 
 TMIar. 
 
 :■) 1>tlar. 
 
 I 
 
 ■ ■ ■— t JlW-^T^ 
 
«i bf .Viirfclk m4 
 wi that iIm nnilul 
 >lM tlM*. (<) ukI M* 
 la amat. Tka laH al 
 d Sir Waiter Wtlah. 
 luabar of fftnlUman, 
 ntm i)i«jr vrirsd u liia 
 ittiiifl down lo dtnnar. 
 I by hia alda.(«) Nor- 
 ^HiiRtoblamipihlim 
 «H down (ha oorrMor. 
 J Wolaay, who •roaa 
 « lapraaalon thai h« 
 M irood M«a, (aa iha 
 ilad bjr Iha rardlnai.) 
 dnff towarda him, with 
 niananaa, Mid. -My 
 •a iKoi jfott hava pro- 
 htia uadar njr tuition, 
 mjr lord, for takinff 
 ithar'a aorvMla. II7 
 ionf. and dia in jreur 
 aaa worda ha look thn 
 eondiwlod hla lo hlo 
 »arlaDd,daopljralWc«ad 
 I twahb to apaak for a 
 lar a abort bnt aorora 
 afWUoB for Wolatr 
 iChawaaanbol. auad, 
 IrannhMa from nar- 
 Mlam taiot'a ahoeMar, 
 aof voi««.««|f7lord. 
 •moofhiffblrHMoB.'* 
 arrIM, aad looking 
 . laqoirad. " B7 wbM 
 • iao,m]rhirdr »0» 
 letad to am b)r mj 
 tkamborlaad. "Bkom 
 
 !•** "I CWUMl, mf 
 M I dMll Ml o^r 
 
 admatkalhaiialotttnf 
 d ha alao naaltuna Iho 
 d that mora than ono a( 
 nadHaadahMfMlkte 
 3ii>va»Bi Joadibmo da 
 ffovam. IftSl-MS*. 
 ambaaaadar addi! Tko 
 M aarfinal makm kim 
 1 wltkkk itaaaMoMK 
 
 I. Haii..M.ni,».llL 
 
 ilri or 
 
 fuik'V) BiA ikia Iampa n t7 aaaiiMaont 
 balni ovtr, iha aardtnal anbniittad to ih« 
 bia^i'f or<J«r« THa lor( ot Nortkurobarland 
 and Mr WtliM Walah •nIrualMl ihttr 
 prtaa n ar lo Iha nuardianahtp W flva ol thair 
 MiWi who vara (o acoompaay hl« m fhr 
 aa London. On tha marrow, tha day of hia 
 d«paft«ire. Gtrsndish w«M aa rasJaajtry Ja 
 hia mvatar'a ba<lraom,"who wa|>( tnouMh 
 to braak a haart of atona," aaya hia Mrvant, 
 whoaa maotory ba for avav bliaard. On aaatnn 
 Carandiak. tha eardinal aroaa from hia 
 ahair and holdlnn owl hla hood, mid, " I 
 bara lk««f hi of you, my poor IMond, of /our 
 aonov, mA yonr allaiakmani lo ma, you, 
 wko to aarra ma^ bnva ahandonad your 
 eountry, your wtfot yonr ohlldrao, your 
 famIN I and lo aay Ikal I knva noihinf 
 now lo fira you, nor Ikoaa who kava aanrad 
 ma wilk yoo, poor oraaturatt" and tkaa 
 IMUnf up kia kaad, addad, " I bopa my 
 Rood Oavandiah, yon hnva narar had onuaa 
 lo ba aakamad of ma." «0h no." waa bia 
 raply, *< and ao I akall aiqr bafera tha kinf 
 and bafora your Judffaa 1" than (i rowinf 
 himMtfal Wolaay'a foal, who andaavourad 
 lo provant hlm,aio>ai«ad aobbinR."Maalar, 
 laka oourafa, tha maU«a of jour anamina 
 wUl babrouRki lo nou|kl."(k) 
 
 A momani aAar ona of tha Rvardo 
 aniaiail lo toll hia tknl avary thing waa 
 prapnrad for hia dapnrtuia. "Jaim." aaid 
 Iha cnidinnl, ** whanavar it akall plaaaa my 
 Lord nf Nortknmbarknd." Wkao thn 
 p riaonar loA Oawood, Ikn ainata wara 
 tkiongad wilk maa, woman, and ehildran, 
 wko oriod out na ka p aaaa d , " Mi^ 
 Ood an«« yonr rtmo and aonfound your 
 anamiaa.'*C) Tha party prooaadad at n 
 •low mta, and kaltad nl naarly awry villaRO, 
 •a Ika cardinal aooM aamvoly krar iko 
 •lap of Iko ank. A fiw boura af lar tkay 
 tkqr knd Ml Cnwnod, kia eouniannaoa 
 baaMM fMa wrlaklad, aa if kalf a oon- 
 tmy had pnwad orar kU hand. Ma waa 
 aoapri la d !• |« M had, baing nnaUa lo 
 kaapMikia kga. At SkaSald Pak. ht 
 «M ranaiya d ky Lord Skrawabniy in n 
 amliaaal aanar. Wolaay had 
 m kali a tliia aobla^ 
 
 fill. 
 
 IN 
 
 
 HowMd. 
 Ood a«o 
 kaavan ikn» n 
 
 . . . Wa 
 aayUikt 
 
 manaion. owing lo Ika a««t«iMMa of kto 
 4ullWr«iig*. Al liinnar, fMltnn • eoid aan. 
 Mllon ihrill Ikrough hia bodjr, h« |«ft th« 
 ubia lo walh In Iha eorrtdor. Ha wM 
 found by Covandlak lannlaff aMaiaal n 
 baiii«in»<l«. with a aot of booda In bia 
 hand. " WkM na«« r" aakad Wjiaay. 
 " U ia mid thai Sir Wiiiinn KioHMon hat 
 arrivad wHk na aaaoM of Iwanty-four 
 man "(4) '' Kin||«lont Kingaloo t" rtpaalod 
 (Jarandiih, aigniog himaalif with Iha holy 
 aiRO, (for ha wna oonatabla of iha Toww.) 
 - Uod'a wUI Im dona, but wh«r« ia King. 
 a«on I" Tha odlaar approaobad, nod knaH 
 baforo him I " Arioa. Sir WilUom. ariaa. 
 Paopla do not bood thaIr bnaa lo anak 
 wralobaa aa myaalf. Bland up, Maatar 
 Kingalon, or alaa I aknll throw myaalf 
 al your faat. Did hia m^aly ordar you 
 lo oaeori mo lo London" "Yaa, my 
 loni," (ivpliad Kingalon,) " ba daairod 
 ma moraovar lo Iraal yoa with all tha 
 raapaot doa to your graoa. It ia aaid thai 
 you ara rhargtd with a erima of whiek 
 nona ballovo you lo bo guilty, and from 
 which ii will ba no difficult mnltar for yoa 
 lojiiaiifyyouraalfboforalhaeourli you will, 
 I aut aura, triumph ovar yonr aoeaaara."(*) 
 "Tliank you, for your kmd wiakaa aiwl 
 Rood nawa 1 and baliom mo, wara I now aa 
 aotira aa i onoa waa, I ahould pool witk 
 yon to London, bat I enn bo longar walk. 
 Alaal I aa vary iUi I aa Rolag foal 
 hoaa."(') Ha waa wotaa on Satwdny 
 night, and on Sunday had two Tiolant 
 papoiyaaw, and waa to waak on llondajr 
 M not to ba nMa lo laavn kia bad. Oa 
 TN i a da y, ha racoanm n cad hia Joamay, 
 and ala|il at Laioaiar Abbay. " Bratbar 
 abbot," aid tha onrdinal, oa antaring tko 
 mon aa t ar y , " I aa coma to aak for n amnll 
 eomar in yonr oomaUry." Ha wna obligod 
 to ba carriad off In bad Immadintaly. On 
 Wadnaaday. n Unek eirela wna obaarvnd 
 ronnd hia ayaa 1 yat Wolaay wm nbia ta 
 parealTa Mnoogh hia window aoaa donda. 
 Ha nakad tka lima, and waa told tknl 
 it wna aigkt o'doek. " Bigkt o'ehwk f n- 
 pliod tka aiek ana. pnaaing kU knnd neraan 
 hia fbnkand. * Bight o'olook. It ia impoa* 
 •ibla I fight o'«ki«k t at oight o'ekiek yonr 
 
 Oa««rfiak. 
 Onaandiak. 
 OnTMdlrik 
 
 BWi 
 
y./ 
 
 ill 
 
 »UI NO lomgm %* wMk yw^C*) 
 ll Im4 •■«<••<! hMviU til W«<iiiM«li]r 
 •lulll. On Awklng, on Thurwlajr mutn- 
 im§, %k« iiriMnar Mnl for hi* >li*|il«in, 
 9n»tHmd, Mil ractitirad Um ImI Mcr«m«nU 
 •f Um Hilly Ckimli. On |Mrr«Win|| 
 K>ai|t(<Hi ataiidinii n*u hU h«<l, h« mmi* • 
 
 fUgfi t'ft Htm In innfiuuik, ftM<| Miit l« K^n) 
 
 la ■ lo«« of vole* InUnupMd hj ih« d«alh- 
 mite, " Mutor Ktngtura, rwall m* iifian 
 !• kl». mi^«at]r'a OMoiorx. I b aaaach klni 
 to iklnk ol all that baa pnaaad batwaan ua, 
 •tpaakltjr ralfttltra (o Iha good Uuaan 
 Kftiharina, and iImb ahall kia graea'a oon- 
 MlMca wiUMMM M to wkaihar I liava 
 •ftsdad lil« or not. Ktag Hanry U 
 taiMadinfljr oballMU, tad nthar thaa 
 jlalJ, ha arauld eompromtaa lialf bla htng- 
 dom. I aaaura jrou, ommm than onea hava 
 I ambracad bU knaaa. Imploring bin not 
 to ylald 10 hit paaalon«i aad I waa unabia lo 
 #«icca«tl, Mia««r KIngalon. bad I but 
 parvtd Qod with m mueb ardour aa I hava 
 Aom ika king, Ha would not bara abao- 
 donad ma In mjr old aga.(*) What baa 
 kappanad u> m* la iha Juat punlabmant 
 far mjr faulu." Hia voiea fallad i iha 
 ^•taadara graw pala. " Adiau, Maalar 
 ElafaloB." Mid ka, afUr oaualng a minuu 
 •( anilalj amuag kla alMadanta, " adiau. 
 ■y frianda." HIa wrinklad haad fall on 
 Ika badololbaa, and aa Cavtndlak waa 
 niaing U to kla llpa, tha oaatU ekx^k itruck 
 •if kl, and Cavaadiak, itarting aa tha pfo- 
 pkatle boor alr«Mk, allowad tha aroM of 
 kla dying maatar lo fall from hIa graapi 
 tka cardinal had Juat aipirad.(*) 
 Ha waa obligad to ba boiiad qolok^ ' u 
 
 C! 
 
 (■) Oava'<'l ih, ami othar hUloriana. 
 
 (k) If I had Mrvml Oud a« dllliwml'/ K.> ' 
 haTa dona iha klnf, ka w<mld not hi ' h.**! r> 
 RM ovar la my gray halm.— OkTaudUi.— 
 Tttmar.— Lliiflard. 
 
 (•) Than iiraarntlta tha olooka itrooka aigkl, 
 at which lima h« nra up tha gluiat.— Howard. 
 Mom* hiatortana aara auiad that Wulaay, to 
 aaoapa tha aoaffoid for which ha waa raavrred, 
 potooad himaalfi but tha da«p aaniimanu of 
 ptaiT which tha cardinal ahowtd previous t« 
 kia aaaih raftila thia oalumay. Aa aooii aa ha 
 MNToaivad that hia laat hoar waa at hand, ha 
 taraad hia ayaa lowarda hcavaa. In hia laat 
 mumanta. on Friday, aa raftek-d loiaa ohick«a 
 brolk whioh Cavoadiah aflhrad him. ** But 
 yuuara ill. my lord." aaid tha doctor. "Yaa," 
 aald Wdaay. "what thongbr I will aat no 
 am.**— Uowaid. Tka oaidiaal haa bmi with 
 
 ■«•? Vlll. 
 
 hi* hwly wnulii no* kaap. ()n hi* balag m». 
 dr««««<i thay found that ha wora a hair 
 •hirl (*) 111* liaraaaad waa than draaaad 
 In all hia aai-ardoial urnamania i hia mltra, 
 kit pactoral tr'M, ard bla arailat caaaueh, 
 and aipoaad arttk hia fara unoovarad o« a 
 t*mf»lffM. On 3oth Niivambav, I AM. 
 (i'ratirt! of Bi. Aatirew.) .•)« «:« > ^tarrad 
 In tha vault unda* Our Ladf'a t.'ka|i«l, 
 at l.al«aatar. 
 
 Nniwiihatanding all lh« fkult* and orimaa 
 probably caramitt«d uniiar liii ong ailml- 
 nittratlon. and I'ob wa oan aallhar 
 |)«lllal* nor ««.ui«:, Wolaay waa ana of tha 
 graalaat mlaiatar* Raglaad avar poaaaaaad. 
 Ha had, with ih« aicapUon of probity, all 
 tha qitalltia^ nacaaaary fur a •tataaman i an 
 Inaiinctiva Idea of bualnvaa, an acijualnl* 
 aara with man and ihlngai tha art of 
 taming paaaing avania to bla advantage. 
 Ha ralaad polltloa to tha ilandard of a 
 aciaoca, and hia achooi haa aurvlvad him i 
 ka applied Intuitivtiy to dipbmaey all 
 ikooa govammantal tbaorlaa that Maabii^ 
 valll had oollactad In hia Iraatlaa " Da 
 Prinripa i" cunning, hypocrlay, lying, and 
 eomipUoa. Had ba amptoyad moral 
 maaaa ha would hava baaii laaa aucoaaaful. 
 Ha waa ona of tha Aral to parorira thai 
 England, quaan of tha aaaa. might ba 
 miatraaa of Iha world i bla principal tltla to 
 glory, In tha ayaa of kla countryman, la 
 kia augmanting tka Bngliah navy, ll 
 waa during tha tim« of bla miniatry ikal 
 a flat! aailad f^im tha Tkainaa la ataKk 
 of unknown landa i una of tbaaa vca* 
 aala, (tha Mary, ••/ GmU^fard,) waa com- 
 ■Mudad by an uAoar of tba uaoM of 
 
 • ' .1 dant paaaf • ii i4 Btorar, who thaa ralalaa 
 t« jwt nHMniMiaof hialiA!— 
 
 I did not mean with prcdaeataor'a prida 
 To walha in nioih, aa caatoma did n-quira i 
 Mora St that cloth wera hung on aiihar aioa 
 in uHmmliig wiaa, ur aaaka (ha poor altirai 
 Mora ht (ka diriga of a moumftil quira 
 la dull aad aotaa all wrrowaa to aicaada, 
 For him in whom tha princa'a ktva la daad. 
 
 I am Iha tomb* whera that affactloB liaa^ 
 That waa tha duaat whara it living kapti 
 Yat wIm maa tay aAeiion naver diaa. 
 Nul hut it turaaat and whan it kmghaih alapt, 
 Louka heavy. Ilka tha ala that loog haih wapl 
 Oh I could It die, (hat ware a raatmlt italat 
 Bat llviag, ll mnvarta tv deadly kata. 
 (<) Tuiuar.— Mwwaid. 
 
I liM|i. ()« liU b«la( M»- 
 i<t that Im woft • hair 
 **M<I wM than lir w — d 
 kl umamanta i hia nttra, 
 aril hia acailal aMaoah, 
 hIa fara uiMovartd •« • 
 3<Hh N<i¥amb*f, I AM. 
 8>.Jfew,) ha «;» ' ^t«rfsd 
 •r Our Ladf't «'%at)«l. 
 
 ( all th« fliuK* an<l orimaa 
 nl unaar ki' ong adinU 
 <. ii«ll «r« Mn Mllkar 
 1^, Wolaay waa ona of the 
 Rnnland trtt poaaaaaad. 
 mraption uf probli/, alt 
 •mtf for a •lataaman i an 
 t bualnvaa, an acqualnl- 
 nil iblnna i iba art of 
 irania lo hta admntafa. 
 a to iha itandard of a 
 rhool haa aurvlvad bim i 
 iivclj to diplomacy tli 
 tl thaoriaa tbal Maabia- 
 d la bla traatlaa " 0« 
 If. hjrpoerlay, tying, and 
 1 ba amployad moral 
 ara baaii laaa aucoaaafuL 
 lia flrat to paroclra thai 
 gf tha Maa, might ba 
 rid I bia prinolpal till* to 
 I of bla countryman, la 
 tha Engliab navy. || 
 ima of bla mlnialry ibal 
 I iba Tbamaa In ataich 
 Ja I ona of Ibaaa vaa- 
 / Gmil^ford,) WM oon. 
 «floar of tha aama of 
 
 ><■ ttorar, who ibua lalalaa 
 hia 11ft:- 
 
 pradaeaiaor't prida 
 « cnaiolM did rrquira i 
 vara buiif ou aiihar aiJa 
 *r maka ika poor aiilrai 
 )f a movmAiI quit* 
 
 Mrrowaa lo aioaada, 
 la princa'a ktva la daad. 
 
 rra that affiittlon liaa^ 
 wbMaitlivlagkapti 
 ffaetion nara? diaa. 
 «d whan It l<ag baih dapt, 
 iia aia that long hub wayl 
 at waraa raathili italai 
 iN iv daadty hata. 
 waid. 
 
 -ilBliaOS Mii l t^l lStSSXSX SSmSiiK^fi^ lK itl lSVB)!^ 
 

 ^iV^ 
 
 SIB THOMAS MOBS. 
 
 "'H'.i yricru. 
 
 ol 
 
 jL 
 
I.IFK or HKSIHT VIII. 
 
 I«T 
 
 
 of lUirt ; Mothtr (tha Sanptom,) by Albwrto 
 da Pnto, canon of St. Paul'a. Wa And 
 from a lartet writtan by Captain Rott to 
 Uanry, that tha two boaU panttratad to 
 tha sand daffraa of North latituda. whara 
 thay diaeovaiad aoma immania ioebarKa.(*) 
 Wa bava already aaan that Wolaay waa 
 a great patron of literatura i naarly all tha 
 lUtnti of tha day wera aithar hia cnaturaa 
 or under hla protection. Ha invited Vivte 
 to BnKland; would have preaented EraamM 
 with a profaaaor'a chair i called the talenu 
 of Gardiner into play, and made Paoa'a 
 fortune. So that tha literary man had 
 cauea to daplora hia fall and death. One 
 alone had tha daattrdly oouragv to contemn 
 hie memory, and that waa the ungrateful 
 EraBmua.(^ The aervioee which he rendered 
 to Ipawich and Oiford are aiill to be aeen. 
 Lilie auiaa of hia pradeceeeore, Wolaey 
 
 (•) Biddle'i Memoiri of SebaaUan Cabot.— 
 Banoruft'i HUlory of the United Suiee. 
 
 (fc) He wa» more truly Ijing than the king 
 himMlft all feared bimi few qr none loTed 
 him. Erasm. Bpiat. XXVI., 55. Yet WolMy 
 had given Braamna a prebend at Toocnay.-r- 
 Bpial. Braam. Vill.. M9. 
 
 had atudied arehiteciore, and ia aaid to 
 hare drawn up tha deeign of Hampton 
 Court, one of the wondera of Enghuid (•) 
 It baa been aaked. would WolMy have 
 been put to death had ha reacheu London t 
 Wa are of opinion that he would not have 
 left tha Tower aliva.(<i) Hie doom waa pro> 
 Boancad tha day that Henry waa brought 
 to beliera that hia late fbkvourita had oon> 
 apiradagainatthaatata. Woliey would have 
 had the lot of Buckingham, for hia bloqd 
 alone would have paoi^ Anne Boleyn. 
 
 (9) The ediflce waa commenced nnder tha 
 direction of Warden in 1515. Slowe r»- 
 leiea that tha king, dasiled by the wealth 
 which the cardinal had nect fai the eooatme* 
 tion uf thia monument, aal(ed hia fafonrile why 
 he bad built eo •plendid a palace. " To pre- 
 eent it to my well-beloyed eotereian." Henry 
 accepted the itlft, and gave him, in eichange, 
 Richmond. Hampton Court, in IftW, waa Ihf 
 pruperty of Henry In 1538 an act of parlia- 
 mtnt m»de the park atUwhed to Hamptm 
 Court a royal hum. and thia park, layatha 
 ataiuta, war gi»en to the prince with iu «!*- 
 pendeudea, th«t when old and corpulent ha 
 miaht enioy hie amuaemenU without any 
 fatigtie.-^be Stranger'e Guide to Hampton 
 Court, by John Orundy. „ . „ , , 
 
 (d) Giatian, quoted by Bayle, Diotionnaira 
 Hiatori^ua. 
 
 CHAFTER XXn. 
 
 
 MORE, LORD HIGH CHAKCELLOR.— 1530. 
 
 BMh of Sir Thomaa Mon.-He enteia the aerWee of Ohaneellor ^'^^•f.F^-^Jl^JII^;! 
 DmIm* to anlt the wortd.— Benooneee hie pnriaet oC leading an awetle life and marriea.— More 
 
 K^.-lI!Itericellfc of th^^^Chaneenor-i famlly.-Tbeir dome«ie lifc.-H«i. Holbein admitted 
 Into More'e fcmUy.— Oheleea.— The MInitter'e cbaraoter and employment. 
 
 HiNBT. if Eraamiu ia to be oraditad, had 
 oArad the aeala to Warham, Arehbiahop 
 of Canterbary, who reftaaed them on 
 Moomt of hia great age }(•} but tha BUhop 
 of Bayonna, better acqaaintad wtth court 
 ■eonu than the philoaophar, wiota thoa to 
 bia court on tha fall of WoUey s " It ia not 
 yet known who wiU hava tha aeala, bnt I 
 fully balieva that no priaat will again touch 
 
 '^ Eraa. Op. Ej^. Johanni de VeigaiA, 
 
 tiiem. and that they (the prieaU) wiU bo 
 much pereecnted dnring thie preeent Par- 
 liament. ... My lord, I am compelled to 
 inform yon that 1 am in much greater neitd 
 her* than ever man waa aa yet, and that 
 thia danger will increaae at tha aaaambUng 
 of Parliamant.(T I* *«" >•" through 
 ■flbetioB for tha ax-Speaker than for tlM 
 
 (V\ Lettre de l'ET«qne de Bayo'.ine an rand 
 maiire. Wnd October, 1689.^ M8S. B*ihune, 
 Vol. 853U. 
 
V 
 
 1M 
 
 urk or hinit viii. 
 
 lalmal at hit nhtrm, that tba kinf oaM 
 bb 9jm on 8ir Tboiau Mora to raplaoo iIm 
 ewdioal (■) Ha inaffiMd that Mora would 
 Mt raAiaa to maka Anna Bolayn a quaan. 
 bat iw waa daeaivad. 
 
 Mora waaoT iha gantrjr/k) Mid waa bom 
 in London in USO. Hia fatbar. (John 
 Mofa.) who waa atili liviaf , had baan for 
 aom« tiinn ona of tha judgaa of tha Kln^'a 
 Ban <i. HawM, aa a maffialrata, wall" 
 known for hia aprightoaaa of oooduet and 
 Sardonic gaiaty. wbioh ha trananiuad t« 
 hia aon. Thomaa, whan yat vary young, 
 aotaiad into tha aarvioa of Cardinal Morton. 
 laMMWeUor to Hanry VII., aa paga. who, 
 ■a wa bava ranarhad abora, had invantad 
 a tw«ifold.arfniroant.(oa)led Morton'a pitch- 
 forli,) wbaraby ha could fill hia royal outatar't 
 ooffira, and which waa uaad te aharpan tha 
 failinn aaal of hia nn^aa^'a anl^cta, who 
 rafuaad to allow tbamtelvaa to ba robbad for 
 thair aoveraign'a pbiaaura.(*) Tha youitf 
 paga'a a|iri|htlina«a waa oftan ramarkad by 
 tha prelate, who, though a aaptuagaoarian 
 himaalf, dalighted in aaaing gaiaty 
 raign in hia palaca. Oramatle rapraaanta* 
 tkaa wara oftan givoo at tha palaca, 
 aapadallyatChriainuMi, whan young Mun, 
 •ithont a prompter or pravioua preparation, 
 would diaplay hia wit in aucb a nunncr aa 
 to afford great amuaament to tha oard>nal.(') 
 ** Did you ohaenre one who waited on oa at 
 table, and who acu ao wall. Wall, I am 
 aun he will one day be a gnnt man," waa 
 • remark often made by Morton to hia 
 faaata.(*) Thomaa left the arohiapiacopal 
 palace for the Univeraity of Oxford, a 
 adiool of priTation, whara ha auArad 
 much, for hia father waa eoonoraical even 
 to ararice. Howtver, if the pupil wu 
 eonpelled while at the uuivereity to eat 
 black bread, the profeaeor waa aearoely any 
 better off. Braamua telle oa, bafora the ad- 
 minUtration of Wolaay, the maatar waa 
 unable to buy a candle to ait up during 
 tlia long winter nighu. Thomaa apent two 
 yaara at Oxford. On leaving ooUege, he 
 waa ant to London to atudy the law, hia 
 
 (•) Rndbart, Lift of More. 
 . ^V "ir^ lnd«pMidanu, Augnit and 8«p- 
 tember, 1848. '^ 
 
 (•) Chap. I. 
 
 (*) »«« iDdlpandaata, lb. 
 
 (•) fterue InUpendante, ib. 
 
 father having daetinad blm for the bar. 
 
 He at flrat anlarml himeelf al New Inn, 
 
 ona of tha Couna of Chancery, whara he 
 
 itudied what wu than tanned the " bark 
 
 of tha kw.» and allarwarda want to Linaoln'e 
 
 Inn lo initiate himaalf in the acience or 
 
 pith of Jnriapmdance.(r) Hia pragnae 
 
 waa ao rapid, that at eighteen ha waa ap. 
 
 pointed laoturar in one of the aectiona of 
 
 the Court of Chancery. Shortly tfker he 
 
 commented publicly on the " C^i/«« /W 
 
 of St. Aoguatin«,at St. Lawranca Jawry.(t) 
 
 Tha Biabop ol Hippo waa Mora'a Ihvourita 
 
 author. Henry had never loved St. 
 
 'lliomaa with greater fervour. Hia auditory 
 
 wu nuoMToua, contiating of magirtratea, 
 
 lawyera,tbeoloi(iana, priuta, and lii»ho|ia (k) 
 
 Perhapa it wu in tha City of God that Mora 
 
 flrat diacovered tha garma of that Utopia 
 
 which occupied ao dietiaguiahad a |da«a in 
 
 the litentun of the XV|. century. Unbap. 
 
 pily he wu diuppointed in hi* wiahea to 
 
 raproduea on earth that harmony of which 
 
 tha African biahop bad a glimpu u being 
 
 verifled in heavan; but ha bad aearctly 
 
 thumbed • few pagu of that wonderful 
 
 work bafon ha coneoivBd tha idea of anteriog 
 
 a religioua order.— the Fnnciaoana.(i) 
 
 St. Fnncia of Aaeiai wu the hm» 
 HM of the poverty which be hoped to 
 nvive, and to work for iia cunaumnutiun. 
 u fiur u God ahould voncbaafe him atrength 
 and u>unge eo to do. He upired. like 
 hia patrob aaint, to biter in tha atreeta 
 with a aaek on hia back, vaetad in a habit of 
 coarae doth, begging from every paaaar by, 
 and if he found them not compaaaionata to 
 confide himaalf u tha birda of tha air to th* 
 gnardianaUp of Divine Ftovidenoa. Bafora^ 
 however, commencing thia imwm of Kfe^ 
 be deairad to try hia atrai«tli| ha pat on 
 the hair ahirt,(J) £uted. aseiciaed every 
 apeciea of oorponi mortification, alept •■ 
 etnw. and that only for afaw boun} ho 
 went to ruide in the vicinity of a Ckrthu. 
 aian monutery, ao that ba might hear tha 
 
 f 
 
 . Revue Indlpendaate, Ib. 
 
 '• Uvea of the OhanceUtMa. 
 J) Mcvoe ladtpendaniak ib. 
 >>) Rndfaait. 
 
 Lord Oamp« 
 
 >) Ravne Indtfpeadanto, ib. 
 
 .1) Stmietoa. (IVeeTbomia. aen rae|eal» 
 aaaoii Ihuma apaatoli. eucti Thoma anhi- 
 epiacopi CutuarienaU, et mattyiit Thowu,. 
 Mori . . . Duaoi. IftBb.) ' - 
 
 •^»- 
 
 1 
 
txrr. 0? 
 
 riit. 
 
 Itl 
 
 iMd him for th« bar. 
 I hImMlf «l Now Ian. 
 of Cluuicarjr, wImn h« 
 hta twiiMd tba " bark 
 ■wtrdi «M« to liMoln't 
 Mlf in Um Mionca or 
 iMw.(r) Hit profpwM 
 ■t eiithteen he wm ap> 
 on* of th« Metioni of 
 mj. Shortly «fkar h« 
 on tho >' CMtMt Dtf' 
 St. Lnwrtncfl J«wr]r.(t) 
 
 WM Mora's flivoarita 
 lad narer lorad St. 
 r fervour. Hia auditory 
 •iatinf of maffiHratot. 
 priaata,andbifho|)a(k) 
 tCitr of Ood that Mora 
 frarma of that Utopia 
 iiatiofuiahad a plaoa in 
 XVI. canturjr. Unhap> 
 inted in hi* wiahci to 
 that harmony of which 
 ad a irlimpaa u bainff 
 
 but ha bad aearctlx 
 (aa of that wondaiftil 
 iTtd tha idaa of aBterion 
 M Frandaoaoi.O) 
 iMiai waa tha ht*u 
 r which ha hoped to 
 for iia cuneumnMtion. 
 ronebaafa him atran((th 
 do. He aapirad, lika 
 » loitar in tha atraata 
 ek,raatedinahabitof 
 
 Irum avary paaaar by, 
 
 1 not compaMionata to 
 ) birda of tha air to tb* 
 MPhMridanoa. Bafora^ 
 « thia iMorae of Ufa, 
 I atrtngtb i ha pat on 
 ■ted, azareiaad artry 
 DortiAcation, alaptom- 
 r for a few hoorai h« 
 
 vicinity of a Caitha* 
 lat ba might haar tha 
 
 lante, lb. Loid Chmp. 
 uumUm*. 
 ib. 
 
 uito,lb. 
 
 leThoma. aen reagael* 
 It, aancti Tboma an-hi- 
 ■. at mattyiit Thoaiu,. 
 
 0.) 
 
 ball that railed tba brethren to their 
 epiritual eierctsee, and in the evening to 
 lieten to the rattling of tha abovelful of 
 duat which each brother cut Idto hie half, 
 open grave. He wae deceived ae to hie 
 vocation, and renounced the project by tha 
 oounael of hia kpiritual director. "Ood 
 (eaya hia greaugimndeon) had deatined him 
 to be an eaample to thuoa who are living in 
 tha world, to teach them how to bring up 
 their children, to lova their wivea, to devote 
 tbemeelvea to tha aarvioa of their eonntry, 
 and to practiaa the Chriatian virtueei 
 piety, humility, obedience, and oonjugal 
 cbaatity."(*) 
 
 Thare waa reaiding in tba eounty of 
 Eaaex a family of the name of Colte, of 
 New HalU^} where thare were acvaral 
 daugbtore, tba youngeat of whom bad cap- 
 tivated Mflfa'a heart I but while oa hia 
 way to propoaa Ibr her to her father, ba 
 lafleotad that be might perbapa give olltnca 
 to ber eldaat a»tar, Jane, who wu not ao 
 haadaoma aa bar riatar, and aocordingly ha 
 determined to piopoaa for bar. Tha good 
 Mr. Colta when he heard Shr Tbomaa Mora, 
 with a downeaat eye aq^ ambarraaead 
 countenance, propoaa for tiia hand of hia 
 eldaat daughter, iana, waa, with hia child, 
 aaeeedingly aatoniahed, but Miaa Colto 
 uavar bad an idea of the lawyar'a audden 
 and tender love for ber, and Mwo himaelf 
 bad no ocoaaioa to lapent of hia auddea 
 leaolntion. Hia fbUier waa in the habit of 
 comparing a badulor who daabrad to many, 
 to a poor devil condemned to plunge hia 
 hand into a aadt of vipare, among whkdi waa 
 one aal) by a Ineky hit, aaid the judge, ha 
 might tak* tha lUh, but there wtn a hun- 
 drad ebancca to one that ha would be bitten 
 Iff tba iaptilaa.(<) Tbomaa Mora had mat 
 iHth an aagel. Encouraged by bia wtfe'a 
 lova, laeompenaad for hia toil by a amila 
 
 (a) Tbomaa Mora'a Life of Sir Thomaa 
 Uttn, Knight. Ha waa the mat Baadaaa of 
 dke ehaoeellor, who manied, and ahm hia 
 wife'a imlk look holy orders, died at Rome, 
 and waa bnried in tlhe ehnick of St. Look.— 
 (Nioeron.Memoine,XXV..n>.)— Mr. Hnnter 
 U of opinion that we are wrongin attribntiiig 
 the Lin of the Chancellor tu Sir ThouMM More i 
 he provee it to have been writtoi by Ciaeaoie 
 Mere. 
 
 L 
 
 .0) Boper.— Bodhart. 
 (■) Revue Ind^pendanCi. 
 
 diotatcd by the poreit afloction, ha aoon b*> 
 came a eriebratcd pleader at the bar. The 
 nflioe of under ■berifr.C) to which he had 
 been appoiotod, gave him a right to ait at 
 the Lord Mayor's cuurt, where occasionally 
 some important eauaee were trird. He held 
 his court on Thursday, and often gave hia 
 fee* to the barrist«rs. Under Henry VII, 
 he waa elected M.P. by hie fellow-citiaena, 
 •ind took bia aeat on the oppoeition bencbee. 
 In Parliament he ardently oppoaed thoaa 
 taxee known by the name of Bencvoleaca, 
 to which the crown had recourse to fill ita 
 coflcfa. Henry, unable to wreak hia veiw 
 gaance on Sir Thomaa More, who, having 
 nothing, had nothing to loaa, found a paltry 
 pretoat for oommeocing an actkm against 
 hie father, who waa arraetad and eent to the 
 Tower. Fox, Biabop of Wincheeter, ad> 
 viaed tha eon to petition the king, and can- 
 didly aoknowledga that ba bad baen wrong 
 in oppoeing in tha Comoiona the meaauraa 
 propose d by the monarch i thie waa the 
 only aaana by which bia father would ba 
 liberated, and he himeelf r aatora d to favour. 
 On hia way home, reflaeting on Fox'e pro> 
 poeal. ba met Richard WhitfcedX*) ^ 
 biabop^a ebapbdn, who implorrd k^ by 
 tha Sacrad Fluawn of our Lord not to fot 
 Imr tba mhiiatar'a advioe.C) Mora acted 
 according to bia advice, and acted wiaely. 
 for a fow yoara aflor ha met Dudley on Ua 
 way to tba aeafUd. who thua addreaaad 
 him: "Sir Thomaa Mora, you did waUia 
 not oaving tha king's pardoaj bad yoa 
 dooa ao, you would not have aaea ow paaa 
 by to-day.'*(f ) Move bad dedded t9 go on 
 tha coDtineat, when Heniy axpirad. 
 
 Oa tba acaaeekm of Hoary VUL ha 
 rotumed to tim bar. It waa a trial ia A« 
 Star Chamber which called Heary's i 
 tion to the youag advocate. A Plipal i 
 had beea adiad at tha port of fleaihamptea 
 aad conflacated} tba Nnneto coiameacad 
 aa aotioB far dam^iea^ aad Mora waa 
 
 (<) Stapkton. 
 
 (•) Eiasmns dedicated hia Tgnmukidn, lo 
 Richard WUtfeid. The ehapUia left tha 
 court and entered a religiona kaoee at the 
 Monaatery of St. Bridge*, at Sios. aaar Bteet- 
 ford, Middlceex, where he waa known by the 
 ctigiioBen of Uc Wrttck at 9<an.— Boper.— 
 Biographia Britanaiea. 
 
 (O Budhart 
 
 (*) Retnaa lad^aariaatSk 
 
\l 
 
 IM 
 
 urs or BiriBT ritt. 
 
 T 
 
 rtUiMd by hi* HoIImm, and won thai 
 for hU eUenl. Hanry, who wm praMBt at 
 th« trial, )oiiicd tha bar in coonntalatinK 
 tha younx adtrocata on hia aaeoaaa. Ha 
 waa aoon aftai numinotad Maatar of 
 Rcquaata, Mambar of tha Prirj Council, 
 than eraatad knight. About thia tima ha 
 flxctl hia Feaidence at Chelsea, in a country 
 houaa which ha had built himaelf on tha 
 banks of tha Thamea. It was there that 
 Jane, after havinf bom* him four children, 
 died of oonaumption.(*) Mora married 
 •gain aoon after(^ lira. Alice Mlddlaton, 
 (a widow,) w fcoin many waya raaemblad 
 Katharine Bora, Lulhar'a companion i a 
 good houaewife,(<) but vain, and m tegular 
 vixen in tamper; stinting a |>iaca of oandia 
 (tu uaa her hnaband'a aimila) and apoiling 
 bar velvat dreaa.(') If ore, who waa pa*- 
 aioaately fond of music, tboogh ha had no 
 voier,(*) persuaded Alice, m the hopea of 
 aoftaninn her temper, to take lesaona on tha 
 lute, lute, harp, and lyre,(') and uacd occa* 
 ■ionally to accompany har with tha flntcC) 
 It aaamed rather aingular for Henry to 
 alavata to tha first sution is tha kinndom 
 ooa who, by his birth and fhmily, balongad 
 naitharto thadaqiyor nobility, and vbo 
 had not flilad any important offloe in Hm 
 dapartracnt of which ha waa about to 
 become the ehief;0>) bat the omnipotent 
 will of the monarch overruled that other- 
 iriaa inaormountable obstacle. Henry 
 aipaoted much ttum Mora'e Kratitadei be 
 bofied with tha ae^ to purcbaM tha eon- 
 of tha new Lord Chaocallor. (>) 
 
 (a) See " Bpitaphinm hi sepnlchro Johannv 
 aUm nioria Mori, deetiaantia idem aapulclirum 
 at siU et Alicia posteriori osoii," in tha woiks 
 of Mota. More thne speaks of Jane : 
 
 ** Oara Thoata jaoet Ue Joanna, uxorcnk 
 Mori." 
 
 (*) Brasaaua Hattano. 
 
 (•) Braamna BpiM. Hatteno. 
 
 (d) In the coUteiiMi of Moia'e episians 
 thair* is one that aeenu to apply to Alio* :— 
 " Obeerve that man," save tbe poet, " to iriiom 
 Proridenoe has given oUldren. wealth, rank, 
 honours, dignitiae; he will aot tac^pe mis- 
 fertnaee; deaiiuv haa afflicted Urn with a 
 vixen iat a wife.** 
 
 JEraa. Epiat Hn.<ano. 
 Budhart. 
 Riiih. race, De frnota foi ex doetrink 
 ^itnr. 
 fa) Bene Inddpeodaata. 
 ^) Pola.-«iapMon. 
 
 Immediately after Wolsey's eilla. the Duka 
 of Norfolk waa norainatad Praaident ui tita 
 Council, tha Duke of ttullolk Earl Marahal. 
 Viscount Roohforti (Anne Buleyn's ftther) 
 Earl »r WilUhire, Sir William Pitawilliam, 
 Treuurer of the Royal Household, and 
 Dr. 8i«pbcn Gardiner, Secretary of State. 
 Had Qardintr thronn off tha oaasooh,(i} 
 ha might have aspired to the wflloe uf which 
 Wolaay had been Just deprived, for he had 
 displayed as much insolence aa skill in hia 
 negotiatione at Roma. Such waa tha com- 
 poeition of the Privy Council. " But tha 
 Premier," says the French Ambaauidor, 
 "waa Madlle. Anne, who through her 
 father and uncle directed tha cabinet, and 
 by the influence of her charma exerdaed a 
 moat deapotic power over the heart and 
 mind of bar royal lover ."(i>) It waa with an 
 administration governed by a young and 
 lovely woman, and the aovereign'a miatreaa, 
 that Sir Thomas Mora oonaented to act 
 Had he oonsoltvd hia own private interaat 
 ha would not have complied with the kiog*a 
 ordere ; but he proaived that aa ohancallov 
 he might be uaaful to hia country, and ac> 
 oordingly devoted himaelf to bar aerviea. 
 Even hia enemiea have not vantored to 
 aoouaa him of having been actaatad by 
 ambitioa. 
 
 On tha astb of October. 1S30. SirThomaa 
 More received tha aaala in tha preaenca of 
 Norris. Sir Christopha/ Halea, nnd aoOM of 
 the Privy Cottneil,(i) and on tha monow 
 at ten ii.m., took hia aaat u Chancellor in 
 Westminster Hall, where ha waa aocom* 
 panted by Thomaa, Duke of Norfolk, and 
 Cbailea, Duke of Sofhlk. Ha was takan 
 to the atone chamber where tha tibk Hid 
 marble chair uaed at hia inauguration ara 
 atill shown.(^ Norfolk congratulated tha 
 ninuur. in Henry'a nMne,in a apeach where 
 eulogy waa dictated by entbu(iaam.(a) 
 
 Sir Thomaa Mora replied to Norfolk in 
 tetna ra|dau with dignity. Ha dadafod 
 before those preaent that ha had nelthav 
 
 (J) The Bishop of Bayonne, M8S.~I.* 
 Otand. 
 
 (k) Lingard. 
 
 (I) Bodbart. 
 
 (■) Bavae Inddpendante. 
 
 (ay Budhart.— Bofai'a Lib and Death aT 
 BirThonnaMflr*. 
 
IIVI or ■■WIT Till. 
 
 101 
 
 olMjr't •III*, the Dak* 
 inaUU PiMiiUnt u{ Um 
 r ttullolk Earl Manhal. 
 Add* Boleyn'i fathar) 
 ir WiUiam PititviUiam, 
 ayitl HouMhold, and 
 ir, Seoratarjr of State. 
 A-n off tha oaMooh,(l} 
 id to the wflloe uf whioli 
 It deprived, for ho had 
 aaoleiice aa aklll in hie 
 I. Such waa tha com* 
 fj Council. " Bat tha 
 French Arabaauidor, 
 le, who throaffh her 
 ractad tha oabinct, and 
 ler charma exerciaed a 
 1 over the heart and 
 rer ."(■>) It waa with an 
 mad by a yoanf and 
 le BOTereign'a mia te eaa, 
 lore oonarnted to act- 
 ia own private interaet 
 implied with the king** 
 lived that aa ohanoallar 
 D hia oountry, and ac> 
 limaalf to her aervie*. 
 lava not ventored to 
 ing been aotaatad by 
 
 ober. 1S39. SirThomaa 
 aala in tha preeence of 
 vut Halea, and aouM of 
 ') and on tha monow 
 
 aeat aa Chancellor in 
 where ha waa aooom* 
 Duke of Norfolk, and 
 iftolk. Ha was taken 
 rr where thetibkaad 
 thii inauguration arn 
 folk congratulated the 
 a«nie,in a apaach whera 
 id by enthutiaaai.(a) 
 
 replied to Norfolk in 
 dignity. H* dedafad 
 ( that ha had nalthav 
 
 r Bayonae, MBS.— La 
 
 dante. 
 
 ai** Ufc and Death *f 
 
 aoUcited nor coveted the iaaportant oOoa 
 which hie maleety had conAdad to him. 
 There is eomething beautlfaily and touoh- 
 ingly eloquent in hie exumpore reply. On 
 beholdinit that chair which had been Ailed 
 by so many eminent men, he trembled, and 
 the ehade of hia pre leceaaor, who had pre- 
 sided there, vested in the insignia of hia 
 office, appeared to him crowned with the 
 auriula of wiadom, and the other talente 
 with which ha had been endowed by 
 heaven. " He waa the fire of a amall lamp 
 after the mid-day glara of tha sun." A 
 sorrowful presentiment at that moment 
 oppressed hie heart. It might be aaid. that 
 gifted with a supernatural light, ha read 
 in the annala of futurity hia own fate. 
 " Here am I," ha exclaimed, " seated 
 in a chair amid dangers and ansieties. The 
 fall of one to powerful as Wolsey is an 
 important laaaoa for his succeeeort and 
 were it not for tha conAdanea of my sove- 
 reign, ware it not for tha kindly disposition 
 of my collaagnea, I should haatily fly from 
 aa office where I already perceive the 
 award of Damodaa suspended over my 
 head."(*) His eloquent speech^ on taking 
 pnsseesion of the seala of state, and eape- 
 cially his commiseration for the lata minister, 
 forms a Ana paasaga in the I'lfs of SirThomaa 
 Morc^ How Cavandiab, who baa initiated 
 us even into the moat minute details of tha 
 cardinal'a lifs, could have forgotten to have 
 spoken of the deep tmpresaion which thia 
 speech made on Wolaey'a mind, ws know 
 not Ha must have been acqauntad with 
 it on tha vary day that Sir William Gas- 
 coigne,by the king'e command, waa taking 
 the inventoty of York Houea. The general 
 ad-niratioB in which Sir ThoEoaa More waa 
 held, wu increased aa aoon aa it waa known 
 that ha had had sofficient courage to 
 have prononncfd a panegyric on his pre- 
 daeaaaor'a administration in the preeence of 
 tha Dokaa of Norfolk and SoBblk, (ha 
 king'a adviaera aa to every atcp that had 
 been hitherto taken with regard to the 
 fkllen coartiar, and when ha wu certain of 
 meeting that araaing at tha palace, when 
 
 (>) Rndhart— Hall.— Hnlinahead.— Par- 
 liamentary HIisioiy.— See aleo Meyer, Esprit, 
 origine et piogrto dee iaatitatiane Jndkiaireit 
 das priaoipanx naye da rBniopa. 
 
 he went to pay his hoiuags to tha sove- 
 reign, that vindictive woman who had 
 procured the cardinal's banishment, and 
 would perhape be the means of his 
 dMth.(i>) 
 
 The chancellor in no way changed 
 his ordinary manner of living) he k pt 
 on his hair shirt which ha had been in 
 the habit of wearing aince hia childhood, 
 and bis iron bed, on which he slept with 
 hia head reclining on a atraw pillow.(*) Aa 
 in daya of yore, he only slept for four or 
 Avs hours. His Arst act on rising waa to 
 go to his father's room, and, kneeling down, 
 to wait for the old man'a bleesing.(') 
 He still had, at Cbeleea, the douse he had 
 there built, and which reaembled that of 
 Ariosto's in many respecte.(*) It waa there 
 that Eraamus piotures him to us with hia 
 wife, children, sons and daughters-in-law 
 and nephews, who were listening in i^aa 
 and reverential silence while he was ad- 
 dressing them. " You would call it," adda 
 Braarana, " the academy of Plato ) but it la 
 something yet more bcttutiful t it is a true 
 Christian schooL"(') By his Arst marriage 
 with Jana,(') More had three daughters, 
 Margaret, Elisabeth, and Cecilia, and one 
 aon, John.(^} In England, aa well as in 
 Germany, it wu imagined that tha beat 
 dowry which a bride could bring her hua- 
 band wm to ha able to sew, to be a good 
 housewife, and to read her Book of Hourib 
 su«h arc the treasuree that Luther deemed 
 to be eufflcient in a woman that wu about to 
 be married. More, however, wu not of thia 
 opinion} he thought that ignorance wu 
 not tha indispensable companion of 
 modesty, and that a young woman ahould 
 pos s e s s such talenta and have sueh know- 
 ledge u to be enabled to retain her hua 
 
 (k) Sianlpton. 
 
 (•) Rudhart 
 
 (<) Rndhart. 
 
 (•) Brasmus, footed by Kni|^t 
 
 (f ) Roper. 
 
 fk| Rndhart— At Noatdl Priory, the eeat 
 of Charlee Wynne, Esq., MP., is a pietore by 
 Holbein, repres en ting the whole of Mora's 
 Cuaily, Sir Thomu More, Alice More, Sir 
 John More, John More, Anne More, (wife of 
 Sir John More, Marpiaret (Roper), Blisabeth 
 (I>«mqy).GseiUa(Heran),MarnretCI«neniak 
 Henry Pattiaoe. and John Harm. 
 
m 
 
 utm or mniMT vtit. 
 
 I ; 
 
 band «t Ihmm TIs« dNMiMOor hM tally 
 dcrelopcd hii idma on fundi* aductttoa in 
 hit l«U*r« to Braamui t ba wlilud thain to 
 aludy, did their poaitiun In tha world jaalifjr 
 it, muaid, painting, tha natural aelaDoaa, 
 tha daad lanKuagct, and even law. 
 
 " inatniotion and virlna in a woman," 
 Wfltaa Sir Thomaa to Oonal,(*) " an a traa> 
 aura that I would prafar to a orown t not 
 that i wlah a woman to uaa her knowledffa 
 as a maana of ohtaininf worldly glory, 
 though raputation followa an inalmetad 
 woman aa the ahadow doaa tha body i but 
 baoauao l«emlng aunrlTea fortune aa wall aa 
 boauty. Ruch waa tha opinion of St 
 iuguatina and Hk. Jaromo. Did nol 
 thaao Aithara advlaa noble Udiea to atudy I 
 Did they not more than once explain to 
 then aome of the diiHoult paaaagea in tha 
 Old and New TeaUmrnt t And conaider tha 
 learned lettera that they often addreaaed 
 to young virgina." He had educated hia 
 flhildren on tbeae prtnoiple*. Hia daughtera 
 mra able to read Livj, and write lettera in 
 Latin, whioh Eraamut ahowed in admi* 
 ntlMi to the learned Bude. Hia eldeet 
 d n ag^iter , Margaret, wae bandaooer and 
 devenr than her •iatera.(k) Her flrat 
 literary eaaaya attraeud the attention of 
 the learned I ahe undwatood Homer and 
 ViilgU. Stapleton makaa mention of two 
 of her " deolamationa " in Latin, wbiob the 
 ehancellw mighty without blnahing, bare 
 phcod among hia worha. Both the father 
 and daurfhter tmnalntcd into Lattai a tale 
 wbkh Margaret had written in Bngbak, 
 and ao exqaieitaly well wen they both 
 written, that the beat Jodgee found it difl« 
 ealt totell which waa the beet. In the eye 
 
 (•) Reeiwoting Oonellua, BraamnVa Mead, 
 aac Rnifht'a Braamua, uberaekt too Arnold. 
 M|p'. Sailer haa inaerted More'a letter ia hia 
 Bibliothek flti Kaihoiiache Sedeaaorger xvi. 
 ». 8. 
 
 (k) Margaret married Sir John Roper, 
 knight and prothoootary of the Kia^a Bench, 
 end lived with him aixleu yeara. She had 
 three daoRhtera, BNaabeth, Maraaret, and 
 Mary, and two aona^ Thomaa and Anlkony. 
 f Biograp. Brit) See the hiatory of the life and 
 neaih or Sir Tnomaa Hoie, whence all who 
 have written reapectinc tUa High CkaaeeUof 
 ha** derived their faribrmatfam. Roper ear> 
 vived Margaiet nearW tUrty>;hree yeara, and 
 died on 4th Jaonary. Ift77,at the age of SI. 
 
 of Kraamua It WM an angel, and not a 
 human being, who, aeated on her father'e 
 knee, waa amuaing hera^ in prattling In 
 three language*, and More, unaltle to con- 
 ceal hi* Joy, wiia kiaaing hia darling Mar> 
 garct'a forehead, and begging of Mod to 
 grant that when ahe became a mother ahe 
 might have ohiidieo who would reaeuble 
 ber.C) 
 
 Let tta not laara Chelaea yet for awhile. 
 One evening, during Wolaey'e adminiatra- 
 tion, a t'rangar knooked at the door, de- 
 airing to apeak wiUi Sir Thomaa Morr, on 
 the part of one well known to the world Ipr 
 hia attainmanta. The etrangar waa Hana 
 Holbein, who, unable to leaign himaelf to 
 Btarvation at Baale, had eonv^ to Kngland 
 " to nibble a fow angeU."(') Braanua felt 
 otmrinoad that hia noble IHend would 
 reaeue the artiat from poverty and perbape 
 deepair. Holbein from that evening wae 
 received into More'a fhmily. On the 
 morrow, be waa reqocatcd to atay at Chelaea 
 aa long aa be liked i — a frugal but abundant 
 table, wher# the viaitor would run no riak 
 of being m*d* mehmeholy, ao akiUed wae 
 the maater of tha bouae in the art uf 
 making all around him ebceiftil. A room 
 in the attie, for More put himaelf to no 
 little Inconvenience in reeetving Hana 
 Holbein into hie fiunily, wae phwed at hia 
 diepoeaL where be would be enre to have 
 the ann whenever be made hie appear* 
 •nee in London. The artiat waniid no 
 iMtoi and be would have been at the 
 
 have acen the ehmd-cappad Jura and die 
 lovely wntari of the Rbinei but, in Heu 
 for iik, he had at duiamCi thoae love^ 
 nodals fbr angeta* bande which form the 
 ineet porthm of hie drawing*. The maiden*, 
 whom be now aaw ddly, were not in the la«*( 
 like tiioe* benvy-Iooking one* whom hn 
 bad fbr no Uttl* tim* regarded aa the typ« 
 of true feminine beauty. There ia them> 
 fore no diflleulty in reoogniabg th* work* 
 he oompoeed on hi* arrival in England, for 
 be inaenaib^ returned to his Swia* id*aL 
 Tha eountenanoee of the women whom ba 
 
 (•) Stapleten. 
 (<) Braamtw Petro 
 (•) Horace Walpele'e 
 
 io,'i9UiAng.lUW. 
 efPafaufa«. 
 
m an mftl, aiul not • 
 , smtad on har falhvr'a 
 ; haradf in pntMllnR In 
 riA Mora, unabia lo con- 
 tiaiinf hia darling Mar* 
 nd barfing of Ood to 
 la baoama a mothar aha 
 o who would matobla 
 
 Chalaa* yal for awhila. 
 g Wolaaj'a adminiatm- 
 ookad ai tba door, da- 
 k Sir Thomaa Mora, on 
 I known to tlia woitd fpr 
 lia atrangar waa Hana 
 kla to raaign himaalf to 
 I, had ooan to Kngland 
 igala."(') BnaflBoafalt 
 I nobia frtand would 
 am porarty and paHiapa 
 from that avaoing wia 
 ra'a Auniljr. On tha 
 uaattd toatay at Chelaaa 
 I — a frugal but abundant 
 litor would run no riak 
 uteholjr, ao akillad waa 
 a bonaa in tba art uf 
 him ebanAd. A raoaa 
 f ofo put himaelf to no 
 ea ia raeaiving Haoa 
 ubUjt, waa plaoad at hia 
 would ba ann to haira 
 ' he aada hia nppaar* 
 
 Tha artiat wanind no 
 mid hafa baan at tha 
 , eoold ha, aa at Baala^ 
 ■d-eappad Jura and dm 
 ha Rhinai but, in Mau 
 ;Chalaaa(*) thoaalov^ 
 
 haada which form tha 
 drmwinga. Tha maidcna, 
 dlj, wan not in the laaai 
 looking onaa whom ht 
 M ngardad aa tha typi 
 leanty. Thara ia thaw. 
 I raoogniaing tha worka 
 I arriiral in Englaad, lot 
 nad to hia Swiaa itlaaL 
 of tba woman whom ha 
 
 la'a 
 
 io,'i9tliikng.lUW. 
 afPainttaf. 
 
 uvs or ntmmf ruh 
 
 «NW hi Ingfamd. durtaf Ma raaidasoa at 
 Qialaai, poaaaaa an aiptaaaion which lia 
 aould not hava Imag^nad In Ikoaa modala 
 ainbarant with \\h whom ha had left 
 babind him at B««la.(*) 
 
 Mora, at that tima Gwnoallor of tha 
 Duohf of Lancaattr. waa occaaionall/ 
 Tlaited b; Henry VIII., who daligbtad 
 with tha pbiloaopht/a eonvrraation, and 
 yat mora with tba baauty of hia daughtara. 
 and would remain whola houri listening to 
 Mm father and looking at tha ehUilren. He 
 ona day parebanee aaw a picture which 
 Holbein had Jnat flniahad. Aatonithad at 
 tha talent evinced by the artiat, ha raquired 
 hia name of More, at tha aama lime ex« 
 elaimiog, "This ia tha work of a ma»Ur." 
 Hana, on being called, daaeended from hia 
 attiob Md that evening bade adieu to hia 
 boet, and alept at the court, having been 
 appointed painter to the iiing.(^) 
 
 The artiat'a cojoum had not intarfbrad 
 even for a dngle day with More'e eaerclaea 
 «f piety. Thajr had morning and evening 
 prayer. John, aa head of the family, 
 alwayi redtef* them, and eaid the BtntdieiU 
 at table. Thomaa had written eome Cbrietiaa 
 mtditationa(*) for the uee of hia family, 
 flllail with an unction altogether Biblioal (*) 
 On Sundaya and the feativala they need to 
 go, CM ftmUtt, to High Maaa and Veepen. 
 Oufiag dinner, one of hb daoghtare would 
 read a ibw pagea of Uitory, and aarcb of 
 them waited alternately at table. Mora 
 had erected a eouUI ehapel aft Cheleea,(*) 
 after tba model of thoee country ehurehea 
 than ao common ^ England, tba four 
 walla whitawaabad, • ball at one of tha 
 ooroara of tha bnildiog, aa altar ia wood, 
 » email gih tabemada, • atone holy water 
 atoup, and a few pietorw to conceal tha 
 aakedneea of tha wallj and tbia waa all 
 Hi orsament. Sir Thomaa Mora wu 
 advarae to tha ayatam of chnrdua being 
 gofgaoualy fbnidiad, nad waa woat to 
 
 » 
 
 vea Saadiaft, daMadw Aka. 
 
 der Paa-BUd-iwd Maiec-Kunet— 
 Oarall PatinU Vtu Johante Holbaiia.^ 
 Fuaety.— Allcea-Kilaailar.Uxieea. 
 Heeraa, Suplvtoa, Rndluit 
 
 1?! "*•• 
 
 eay, hM«hlaflf. "The Chrlaiiaa ara—inta 
 it, whib the wicked epoU it."(f) Ae bat- 
 rlaler, Judge, or chancaUor, he never miaeed 
 aaeieting daily at tha holy wMrlflca, and 
 aerved the priaal at tba altar .(•) 
 
 One morning, whoa tha DuIm of Norfolk 
 waa to dine at Cbalaaa, he entered, m 
 ptitant, the parieh chorch, and waa aur« 
 |irii«d to 6nd hb frbnd in tha choir 
 chanting with ao antiphonarium before 
 him. At the eonclueion of the oiBoe, ba 
 went up, with a emib on hia oountaoanoa, 
 to Sir Thomaa More, aad taking hb arm, 
 aaid, "My Lord Chancellor baooaaa a 
 pariah dark I It is no ora«lit either to hb 
 majaety or your oflca." "Bah I Bah I" 
 replied the dwnoeilor. " to eiag to the praiea 
 of God, tha king'a reaater, aa well aa nioak 
 doae not by any meana eompromiaa tha 
 aovarBign."(^) Mora waa gaaarally tha 
 crueiHgar oa all pariih p io a aaatoaa. At 
 the «Mtival of Corpaa Chiiall ha held tha 
 eorda of the caoopy,(i) and ia pUgrhMgaa ta 
 the ehriaee of our Lady waaM aaaampaiqp 
 tba fhithful on foot. Ha waa MM dl^ aa* 
 quaeted to ride, on acoount af Ua p na iU aa. 
 and had a horae piapaiad fbt hka i bat ha 
 rafnaed, «Uagteg» thai aa hb Maatar. Cliflil» 
 had walked, ha would do a«abo.(0 Man 
 attributed a auparaatural power to f aafaa, 
 Oa tha night hb fcvoorita daaghtcr, Um- 
 garet, waa altaaked by the plagaab aadi 
 tha medicaF bmu had given her e««i^ 
 More auddenly threw Mmarif lA tba iMt of 
 a craeiix, beeide the bad af tha dyii^i 
 giri. aadwtth hb ftaa burbd ia hia 
 aomawnea d praying, bat with 
 aad fetvoarttatthabyataadare \ 
 to reetnda tiieir tamn. Oa rbiag faaaa hit 
 knaee, aa if I n e p i ia d by Hcavca, ha raahai 
 precipitately dawn tha etaiia, raa ta the 
 flrat apothecary, aad heaaght badi aoaao 
 ptaata, with whbh ha made aa iafaaioi^ 
 and gave it to Margant; tha efbct aw ii^ 
 ataManaoua, eha waa aavad. "O i 
 
 0) Radhan. 
 
 D Supbte^ 
 
 Di 
 
 Mace.— •tafblaa. 
 
I 
 
 m 
 
 Ufa OF mmar rw. 
 
 moMmti Um happy <Mm«, fcUtoff oa hka 
 kMM, "Thott art blMwd, yw. a ilMaaaod 
 Hmn biMMd ba Thy holy Nama i Thoa haM 
 raalortd to ma my w«ll-b«tov«<l ilaughtar i 
 may Thy nama ha for evar hallowait." "Iliia 
 louchinf narratWa ta ralatad by Ropar.* 
 - Poor fetbart" ramarfcad tba hiatorkm, " ha 
 wonld hare surely died had be lost his poor 
 MarirBrtt."(*) Mora waa ona of those wuls 
 who fall for all In aflictioa i hie houaa waa 
 canaequantly open to every one in want of 
 amploymenlt to artiete, unable to live by 
 their chisel or braah i to aiilea, oompallad 
 to fly Atmh their nngvataful or eroel oountry t 
 to debtors, pursued by heartlaaa and oniel 
 •raditora. Hia houaa waa called the Houaa 
 •f Ood I for all were aura thara of flndioff 
 tetad. a bed, and ire. Aa hia honae waa 
 tMt Inrga enouffh to reoelTe all the poor who 
 «MM io detaand hoepitaUty. ha buUt a hoa- 
 yltal, where widows, old men, orphana, and 
 tonreUera were aura of flndlng a waleooM 
 Noeptiott. He adopted, aa his daunhler, a 
 |Wnf( widow, who had rained heraeif by 
 
 Whtia ambMandor at Cambni. in Iftsa, 
 Ma hoaaa at Chelsea, owinff to the iapm- 
 dwaa of sooM of hia neiubboofa, waa eoin< 
 platoly deeiroyed by Are, and the ianaa, 
 •Qtonuniealinff to the eonti(aoiia bnildinffa, 
 nlMad them alao to ashea. Hia wife loat 
 ■0 tloM in infominff him of tUa mekii- 
 alMly a««ot Mofa eadeaniaied to eonaola 
 har; and hia letter to hia aoB-in«hw ta 
 nther the pfodoetionof a Chriatian than of a 
 fUhNopher. "YosteU ma that our hoaaa. 
 •a wril aa thoea of oni neighboora, haa 
 baan d ea t io y ed, with all the com that thay 
 flontnSaed i thia ia donbloae a ipraat misfov* 
 tane, baoaose of the com there depoaited ; 
 Wt U waa the will of Ood, and wa most 
 MriMBit to it. What wa had waa the ftifl 
 fli Ck>d. lluimnr not aRainat the deeraoe 
 of Baavant wa ou({bt lathar to thaak Ood 
 M wall Ibr what ha aenda oa aa for what ha 
 depriMe na of. Taha cooraRe, then, and 
 go and throw yourself at the foot of the 
 altar, with your ehildiren, and thank Ood. 
 Il ba had eran panishad oa yet mora 
 •evardy. it would have bean our doty to 
 hmt uii, Thy will ba dona. 1 am bdead 
 
 S 
 
 Rapar. Ho dd aado a . 
 
 Aa waa eallad Paabu— Endhait. 
 
 griered to heer of the ioeeee which oar 
 aeighboure have sufllprsdi may they he 
 oonsoled fbr them, t do not wieh that the 
 burninM of my Houm slntuld causa Ihsir 
 ruin. W« have snotigh oorn rsmainioR to 
 assist them, an<l aait ysar uur harvset wiU 
 aid ihem." 
 
 More did all that ha had promiaed. He 
 rebuilt their h<iuM<«. fliled thtir empty 
 barns, purohaaed agricultural inpUmtnts 
 for them, and dried up all their tMr«.(<>) 
 
 Sir Thomas More, on becoming Chaneel- 
 ior, ewore aeeordlng to the ordinary formula, 
 to render epeedy and equitoble Justiee to 
 all, without dietinction of persooe. It was 
 a common remarh that during Wolsey's 
 chanoallorehip, the doora of Weatminstcr 
 Hall were only thrown open to thoee 
 couneellora who wore gold ringa or diamond 
 bucklee. Mora, on the contrary, looked at 
 nuither the veetment nur etation of indi- 
 Tiduale i whoerer had a eauae for complaint 
 waa welcome. As their numhera increaaed 
 daily, he eatahlished evening oourta, where 
 thoea who wished might come. Mure 
 deeeendad from bb ohair, beard these oom- 
 plainta while walking np and down the 
 room, and reconciled the partiee when able 
 todoao. "Iftbadevil.whom Ideteetheartily, 
 and my father, whom I love sineerely," 
 he waa wont to say to hia aon-ln-law, (juhn 
 Dauncy,) " were to preennt ''jemeelvea 
 befoca me, and tba devil had justice on hia 
 aide. I should oondemn ' • '."(^ 
 
 When he gave tb: i^iC^ -M 
 
 Mora, Henry ftelly believea _ .•» 
 
 eellor would aupport tba pt", '-^ 
 
 divoree.(*) Often had he eud« i M» 
 
 diaeover hia real view, but aa often uad ha 
 been bafled on the plea of hia ignoranea 
 of theology. A fcw daya aflar hia instal> 
 lation ha was iavitad to flotni. Heniy 
 had never been ao attentive i bot Mora 
 refUaad to give any axplanatioa. On 
 being praaead, ba ai p tiaaid a widi |» 
 oonault aoma learned oanonieto aa Richard 
 FoK, Nieholaa d' Italia, and soma othera. 
 whom he named, lliey were aecotd* 
 ingly commanded by the prince to eon- 
 ault on the aubjaet, lad to pwant tktkt 
 
 (•) Rndhart— SlapletMU 
 
 U) Rodhart. 
 
 (a) Pole.— Slaplateik 
 
 1 
 
it iIm i«MM wfaieli «w 
 •ufllnndi in«7 thdy ba 
 . I do not wish Ihal lh« 
 ouM aliituld cauM ihtir 
 <ounh oorn rtmainiiiK k> 
 ■It jtM uur harvatt wiU 
 
 kt ha had promiaad. Ha 
 •an, flilad tbair tmptjr 
 agricultural inpUmtnta 
 i up all thalr taarf.(<) 
 a, on baoominK ChaneaU 
 I to Um ordinary formula, 
 and aqultabla Juatloa to 
 :tion of parwNia. It waa 
 1 tbat during Wolaay'a 
 I doon of Waatminatar 
 thrown opoa to thoao 
 «« gold rlnga or diamond 
 I tha contrary, lookad at 
 rot Dur atation of iodU 
 tad a oMue for oomiiUint 
 thair numbara increaaad 
 d avaning oourta, whara 
 d might ooma. Mora 
 I ohair, baard Ihaao oora* 
 ling ap and down iha 
 ad tbo partiaa whan abia 
 U,whom I dataathaartilj, 
 rhom I lore ainoartly," 
 to hia aon-ln-law, (rfohn 
 to praannt ''jamaaWaa 
 davll bad jiutka on hU 
 bnn • '-n^ 
 
 rr z</C^ 'iM 
 
 baliam - '••» 
 
 ort th« pt", '"-I 
 
 had ba audt i M> 
 
 law, but aa olwn uad ba 
 ta plan of hia ignoranea 
 iw da|a aflar hia inatal- 
 itad to oooit. Heaiy 
 I atuntivat bat Moro 
 iny oxplanation. On 
 I aspiMaad n widi |» 
 ad oanoniata aa RicbnrtI 
 [talis, and mom otban^ 
 I. Thajr waro aword* 
 by the piinoe to eon- 
 t, ud to pwu nt ihiir 
 
 bplaton. 
 
 ton. 
 
 tin or ■BNiiv vtii. 
 
 IN 
 
 opinion to tba ebanoallor. who, afUr having 
 Bltantu-aly pvruaad it. waa again calUd on 
 by Henry lo (iva hia opinion on ihia 
 Imporunt qaavtion (•) Tha king mat tha 
 ebanMllur, anil tuok him by tha hand t hut 
 8ir Thomaa, caating himaaU at hia faat, 
 bagged hiin to recall thoaa wurda which ha 
 had addrraaad to him on giving bim tin 
 laala, " AfWr Owl, tba klnff."(») Than 
 riaing fh>m hi* knaaa, ha thua continnad, 
 thai ba wiahad that it had baan in hia 
 powar to bava givan hia majaaty a fiirtbar 
 proof of hia davotlont but that ho waa 
 unablo to do 80 oonadantioualjr alUr tba 
 daclalon of that laamad tribunal of tbaolo- 
 gian«. for wboaa attainmanU ha had a high 
 raapaol. I n ao aarioua a mattar aa thkt, whera- 
 in tho rapoaa of bia aoul waa at ataka, ha 
 tmatad that hia majaaty would not compal 
 him to glva hia 9pinion.(«) Tba king, 
 with that apparent courteaj whiob ba knew 
 ao woU how to frign, and which too oar. 
 tainly enncaalad tho daaira of appronahing 
 reTaDga,(<) npUod. that ba by no manna 
 daaind to torroant tha eonacianca of ao 
 faithful n aabjaoti but that bappUy ba had 
 mlnhiaro to whoa* opinion bo wotUd oCbr 
 BO oppoailion by purauing tha diaaolntion 
 of a knot which Ood had aocuracd. and 
 which tho Sacnd Volume eoHdamnad.(*) 
 
 Moro bad now loot Henry'a confldance. 
 Hia f rlamla ra^naolod Um to nalgn the aonla 
 at once, and roaigi^ng tha pnblic buainaoo 
 to retire to Chalaoa, where, amid hia booka, 
 children, and Menda. he might poaolbly 
 cecape tho reaenf ant of Henry and hia 
 
 (a) Mon'a latter to Tkomaa Cromwell : •• I 
 have diligrat oanbrancaa with hia graoa'a 
 eotinaalloni afiwaaatd." 
 
 (k) That I dMmld fliat look mto Go4 and 
 after (led uma kimi wkick moat gracioaa 
 worda waa Iha Ant lamon alao, that ever ki* 
 grace gave am at my Irat oomiag into 
 Ua nable aaitfeo.— Mnte'e kMtar to 6ii T. 
 Cmmweli.— Ba o e r. 
 
 (a) I am a«l be which either can, or whom 
 it coold become to lake npao bm the deleimi- 
 ■aiioB or decisiun of aucli a weighty mailer, 
 whereof divara peiBte a great way foea my 
 learning.— Bo fe r . a iaph io n,— Hod<eadon. ~ 
 
 Note, 
 
 (') Monaickia aaae propriwn cAneicnem in 
 animo lagara, donee mvlto poet tempore delur 
 nldaeenoi ooMctttnitaa* 
 
 (t) ftndbait. 
 
 Let na not, howevar, blame the 
 eutaaman, who, ihouiih praaoient of the 
 futora, davoUd himaalf to hia m«ater'a 
 aniinbaity. When a miniatar like More 
 paraiito in remaining in oflkie, it le Area 
 Implicit obatlianea to a Divine inepiration. 
 But more than onoe mutt he have regretted 
 hia quiet reaidanca at Chakmn, whan ■ Uitar 
 ttam Kraamua would eat the whole houae 
 in commotion. He would go there now 
 and then to embrace hie children, tsaeo 
 Alice, viait hia manegerie, ktok after hie 
 garden, and walk with Roper, the buoband 
 of hie darling Margaret. 
 
 One day, while etanding and wntebing 
 the Thamaa with hia aon-in-law, he ehook 
 hia bead aa if grieve«l at eoMOtbing. 
 "Father, what ie the matter r aaked 
 Roper. " I wlah I could bo throat into n 
 aaek and thrown into the Thamaa, if Ood 
 would grant mo the aeeompHahment of 
 three wiabae." " And what can they bo, 
 aineo you would purcbaae Aem at eo bigb n 
 prioe r" " Dear ! oh no i Yon ehall bear 
 what they are. Plretj that all CbfktioBa 
 who are at war aboold be reconciled In the 
 pence of God i one. That tbo Chareh of 
 Chrlat, now torn to pieeee by to nMny 
 bereeiea,aliu<iM reoovav bar oaeient and holy 
 peaoei two. Aad laetly, that thia i B tt e r 
 of the marriage ahould bo conclndod to 
 the glory of Ood, end the aatiafactiott of 
 all partieai three." On bia retam boMk 
 he aidd, "Tbo religioM proepeeto of Bnf- 
 land fHghton mo. 1 pray Ood that I may 
 not MS tbo day when boretice ebnU b« 
 allowed to e^}uy their chumbee, in order 
 that we mity preeenre tho fine naa of 
 our own."(0 
 
 (f) Ooniolt, reeeaeting the OathoUo dee- 
 trinaa of Mure.— Itraa., Epie. Pacme, Bm> 
 aUie, 5 Jolii, 1531 ; Ludov. Vivea, LoodWI. 
 18 Nuvam., ISlfti Morua Braamo an anlk 
 Oienviei. 18 Ooc. U»( Maine RraaoN), 
 en adiboa noatria Okalaieia. 14 Jan., lAfSi 
 
 Braamva Jobanni Vabro, IftM t Moraa Braamo. 
 
 I6U.-A dialofnoet 
 
 Syr Tkomaa More.— Unmet'e Hiat. of tbo 
 
 B«P OV YOUim 1. 
 
 ax rura aoairo Chelaioav IU9. 
 
 lore. — m 
 Hierormaiion ■-<?olller'e Bc d aaia a t l cal Hialoiy. 
 Sokiockk Ckriallicke KifokoamKhkito im 
 kaformatioo.— DietioBnaitedBlaOenvaiaatton, 
 (Alt. More,) par M. Niaard.— BndhaM^ Miam 
 dw Vertkeidiger dm alien Kiiehengkwbene 
 and alao HiaMnH TIkammt Mon, 
 into Fiaooh fiom Latin, by H. Martin. 
 
 • 0f 
 
LIFE 
 
 HENRY THE EIGHTH. 
 
 CHAPTER XXtll. 
 
 TM UMItTKllITIBl.-lMO-lMl. 
 
 ftifGN OP HBNRY TUB BIOHTH. 
 
 ■kybM <lu4tiitr taA RdMrd Tn* HMti Tkowai OmoMr M Mr. wy't.— Oi mhw tr ■ Mily yMM. 
 '~Klt«M4 r«ll«w ar JtM« CotUfft, OMMMdM I HM^aMto ik« IMphta Howl, mmI mwrtM 
 JM^mlhii iIm BiMk, • Mrvtat ai Umi MiaMMiawt— K»t«n Mr. CMMft AuMlly m Pftvati 
 Taior.— HIa lnui*Uw •itii Otnifutr mmI Fu.— U aotiMd ky llann.— ■•mI««4 kr iM lUri tl 
 WUlakir*.— WriiM In ftniur ot Ui* UIvutm, Mid I* tmi W Itoiy.— CoroBMlM of OhMlM V.— 
 
 ■ (HiMMr at ■oMta.—mnlntiMl OrwU Pnttmtkay af tk« iImm kiin<— » ky ik« toftNlfl* 
 KmNT.— Tha qiiwiim ol *• DIvovm IiM k«M« ik* UklfantUM •! Ommmjp. Italy, —4 rnmm. 
 
 M i<ii aaiployad ky Haary to gaiu ihaa otar la kla wtt — fnaatf MMniaa OalaiWIar'a i ' 
 M Mwamkaif . 
 
 §n*»Mm OAkOiMM Md Idwwd Pox 
 aeeoiB|wiiled Um king on durl kaaliiif 
 firtytOnJIow, whan WoUay*i d l agi » w w w 
 dadMi M aifbt tht two eounoilkn dqiC 
 ■I IHTAlihaa Abbcjr. 4m ntUlMM of Mr. 
 CbMy.(k) wbon tKay BMt with TbooMa 
 AmMot, <Im tutor of tiMt unikiiMui'i 
 
 Tkottw Ciumm «i« of « good fMnUyi 
 km oB tho Sod July. USO, M Aoketon, ia 
 tko MHMty of NodiaflMUB, Im hod tho nia- 
 (bMMo to kM kla fMMr ■! n Mfljr ■«•. 
 At fcotMB hf oatorMl Jonu Colkgo. Cu»> 
 biU^whora bo oooa diotincukbad bim. 
 miUh la 1111 bo wao oloolod PoUew ot 
 y» eoUoioi dariiic U* laoldoaoo M tb« 
 Xjniroiiity bo boeuao dooply ooaoMMUtd 
 •ilb a oorvaMl of tho Do1|>Iub HoIoI^J 
 hMft^Bby ilMiappottMioaof JM^ooikMtbt 
 
 (•) Tadd'a Lifk ot OtmaiMr. 
 
 Cn Slnrpo.— ToM. 
 
 (•I MiMar'aLattaittoaPiabaiidary. Piro« 
 toM Moal hokiMlkM aad a immio, doaktloM aho 
 %aa a aarraat— Lodgk'a Hiitoileal Poftntio. 
 
 Tbo IMphIa wao cbMlf froqaoatoi 
 icbaaia, who ooald lo ar nty boUova 
 
 BUok. 
 
 b,aM. 
 
 that Otaaior. tho PiUeir of Joouo CoUog^ 
 vkooo ooafUbl|i witk tho bwauid vao otiU 
 ftadi ia tboir aiwaofy, «ao tbo aoM iadi. 
 Tidad ao tbo aowly^alMiad Anbbiokop of 
 OMlMfkary) bt« l^dd, oao of aaoMai'k 
 bioffiapboro, bido bis rwdon lOMaibw 
 tbM Aim HMNhaati vtro "MM* Pkptaio 
 and owera ononko to Jaaot Oumtmt.-iV 
 CraaaMt, ia aona »|a M n o of bariag la. 
 fMcfwl tbo Uaifoniij nh wUob probiMti 
 tho ouerioio of MIoin, «ao eoatfioUod to 
 qaitJooaoCol^ioi bokfibb wlfcattbo 
 Oolphia^J aad waa okotod laador al Baob. 
 iflgkoa C o O ifo. Jaeqaotiao diod a jmg 
 •fki kor aankROb wboa CMuHMt rotttrMd 
 to kk Mkaakip at Jiaa»i(^ ko ooaaad 
 to froqanM ^ IMphki, aad ««|M <M^ 
 ia kkketanoigiiaottkoidiitoM«f 
 
 («) Todd. 
 
 M Hoa;aoo4bk«likttlkol>ol»Ua.>toh. 
 
 doioia MiaarV «ko toaio nr a tln a of bi&to. 
 
 (0 LUkofOmMait. loo. Ool. Ooai. Mil. 
 
TH. 
 
 ITH. 
 
 '■.— OfMUIMrt Mfly fMfM. 
 
 Ipbta Howl, mi MMftM 
 , Vtmtfn AuMlly m iftvati 
 r.— >«Mi««4 kf iM lUri af 
 larocaliMi of OlMtioo V.— 
 U^rfoao by iko StfVOMlc* 
 lofMMijp, Iloljr. umI rroMO. 
 » aMiilM (Maadw** i ' 
 
 la wM diMlf fl mi M—Ki 
 B oowld MMwty MIrr* 
 MkMT of Jmw Cattafik 
 ith tiM bmuid WW tlUl 
 
 HoM, OM •! QtWMtf^ 
 Us roadan t iaai b w 
 »«•««• "feMarPkplMa 
 to JMot OaMMr.'*fV 
 c^owMt of htfiag !•• 
 •liy rait wyok pfokiMM 
 llo«t, «M eoaiMlM !• 
 I iMkllhU wife •in* 
 
 JaaqMliM 4M ■ 
 wbMiCMuHMrNtttrM< 
 M J«»i(^ ba 
 
 • i«^MlUMn%lMM«f 
 
 vlfcallbolMyUa. Ai«h- 
 MOOMMnOMorUikote. 
 «. J«fc CM. Owk M A 
 
 tivi or ■■««? «Mi. 
 
 «ar 
 
 0ir*fy otdw wtM M Ibol Mom tlirM||«d th« 
 town |(*) kU ptHtelpal Mouooitua mainat 
 tboin WM ikatr kltoaoM Mid ifwoniMo. Tkio 
 m m mmtfkaHt w» kto b«rt ctaini on tbo 
 •/mfMMhf «f Ml liMMra, onH wm kiffhi/ 
 |f«Mr«m«««toi Hi ftirw>r<lin( bio micoooo. 
 Muro ibta oiio floxoii ilioolagiaa b«4 ouo- 
 rssiisd t« bU hoart'a cssto«t ia th« 
 mnnaMto b*bM i hvi Onmm mr aofootally 
 diolngutthod bimoolf bjr bio biMor tonttit- 
 vonUI aittHli ba did nal oadoarow la 
 momblo Lutbor, witb whooo wriUaffO h» 
 woa wall aoqitaiatod, far b« oaraftillf 
 ■vui*lod ovary iblaf lib* aa^iaaMnt Ha 
 WM lib* Calvia, coM, tnltf. pMlaaa, aad 
 uMMrgaItt i iiidoad oaa ailKbi bava aaM aa 
 •Mlag tbalr partraMa. tbal Calvia utd 
 CraaaMT wara Iwta broUMra, ao atfoaf 
 WM Ibair Uhanooa, oMMlIf uid pbjraMlly. 
 CiMmor gmdwlad ia tbaola n y Ib IftM, 
 wbaa ba wm oloaitd OMatijr Laebmr af 
 JoMM Collof«,(k) aad oftoa imarbod 
 tba Ualvataity ((*) tba>« diacounaa 
 flMarally baa«7 aad daU, bal to aa w*y 
 ▼Mktad bf tbalball,toa caiaaMato laataad 
 
 Tba planaa ibreva OfanaMr fraai Om^ 
 b«idgai(«} aad M WM Ibaa that ha aalaaad 
 Mr. Oraaajr't faaitly m pHvala tutor, to 
 IIM. Qaidiaar and Vm oa^ mkda bia 
 ac^a a latoaw wbaa ibof aaaa to daaMnd 
 bMidtoUly of tbalt oMMual friaad. CIh»- 
 poKxia^a thnpk dapoitora for Itoly, lalba> 
 riM'a appaai to Rmm, Wnlaoy'a fall aad 
 dta«[raca, aad iba Uchtrtona of tba Ualvaiw 
 alliaa aa (ba oabfael uf Iba divnraa, fenaad 
 Iba laaanl tbaaa af 
 biidiia bad daetoiad 
 MavKwal praaapif a^aara 
 baadad, bad Mora thaa aMa aappartad tba 
 anwaHy <4 aa laaaadlato dhrarea.(*) Tba 
 bto«'a aaaaatUan vara aataraUjr fed to 
 
 taibdv aaiwal i a. 
 Iba toariwalloa, by aajrlan to Graaorar, 
 " I aaaaal aaa dWHaaHy baw ara eaa nat 
 o«l of iMi aaaaraad WaL" " Da fMiaatf 
 
 (a) OiaaMT nMad dM laRad back aad 
 eaimd tbo Ian bida of aMnr aa MIo bikI 
 llBorMl llrtar.— KdWf^i Hba. oT Oaaib. 
 
 tki Jaa. Ool. OHib. MM. 
 
 (•) Jaa. Uol. Gbaib. Mtt. 
 
 (<) MaUoy'a Lllb a( riabar.— A. Wood. 
 
 (•>lbdd."* **^ 
 
 n^mmi Cnmmtt. " Lai aa irM lay 
 ib« qi««iti«n r la Ibo btoc'a mimijii 
 Katbartno, In o raltclmio poial of 
 iavftil or na t " " Tbat la tbo vary qaoatloa 
 ibo Po|M io aawilUan to dorido." "Tba 
 Popo." ropUad Craanor, omibaf. "loaalya 
 man Ilka oaraolvoo." - Ibo Hoad af tba 
 VuaU« Cbuwb." n«arb>d Fo>. 
 of Iba Vtoibia Charob ) Bat 
 tbot Um Word af Gad, Uha HtoM^T. to 
 laMButahla. Now If tba aiarvta(|a ba 
 oppoood to tlia DMaa U«, ialbto>a dto> 
 poaoatMHi U mill and ««4d, Ibr tba Papa baa 
 ao aatbarily to ap p rairi tl tbal vbtab km 
 baaa coadanaod by Ood. ■«! waaa I to 
 tba Maff'a ptoi% I aboald aol adiliwa 
 ■yaatf to tbo Papa." -TW wbaa lh«if* 
 aakad P«k ami Oaidtoar togatbar. "Tba 
 Oatbalia UaivaraMwi If tbay daalda tbiA 
 tba aMrrtono la aoU aad voM, af wbal ami 
 wUl Iba votoa of aaa Pbpa ba agalaal (bd» 
 dooMonr If Iba Uatowoiitoa ba alaa 
 a«ito«t tbo dt w Ma a b dto Ua« way K«a aad 
 dj« at oaoa.*lC) Tba aoaatlara aaald aal 
 bavo bMo bapptot bad tbay baoa praaaatod 
 with Iba aaala af wUab Oardtoal Watoaf 
 bad bMa daptlrad. Oardtoar paopaaad !• 
 Pai tbat tbay ahaaU go iafidtaialj «• 
 Hoary, aad lay balbra Mat Ommmi^ 
 ap/nlaa m If It wara Ibotroarai bal ia> 
 objMtod to iMa piaa, m aaoaor or lalarlha 
 fraud would bo dtoaavarad^*) 
 
 Aa aoon m Honry bad baaa aadaaai 
 ^•aiatad with OranaM^a ptoa, lio aiatotoHd^ 
 " By St Mary! I bara al toat aaagbl tba 
 riffhl aew by tba 8ar.(k) But wban to 
 Craaaarf I OMiat aM btoii bad I ba* 
 baova biai two yaaiva((a, I 
 ahauMIbaraaavadl'T) Ai 
 inuMdtotoly diapatebad far bka la Wii. 
 tbMa Abboy. IIm tadarvtow balmia 
 Iba aovaraiffa aad Iba lator to Vif/Hf 
 aimiaton. °* Dootor." osdatoMd Haaif , ai^ 
 aaatoff bia^ " you haoadtoeawrad Ika liaal 
 of tba wboto afkir. Wa ara^ I paratotb 
 kiaiDg lima. I bag of yoai aay.l aaaMMod 
 you, to Khra laa your adrtoa adMa caltod aa 
 to do ao, and I ooaldo my oaaa to jwr 
 
 O Voaa Hatariak dar Aabta. 
 
 (f ) Todd. 
 
 (k) Banal. 
 
 (i) Aad if I badknowBlkiadaviaa 
 yoan aao^ k bad baaa to my way a 
 afaMMy^Xadd. 
 
ura 99 mmni viii. 
 
 to r«iiM*l« 
 M* tiyiMWl o< Um pratrtuu* •v«iit«i|, •ban 
 II Wiry ilip f ii i litm, ky M|rt«f Um* Im 
 «V4mI • baak la b« eompucMi, Md mlliafl 
 lk« B«H ol WUtaliiM. (raikar t« Ahm 
 Aabys.) Mtd. " Mf Ut»<i. jou wtil. <i«>ubi- 
 llMk kt sM* to Bndi tm mfmiim&mi lot iIm 
 la OnffkAai-pUM I 
 fet«lMnMr«, vUl Airalali blm wttli 
 rk iku Im msf ttend la wm« of. "(•) 
 W« M« wMnpallMi to oaiwaai* ihkl IIm 
 to OraMBOT iTM kn trwj 
 to lUa wiilartokiafl, mi4 
 iImI wMmuI • iMmlkr gnM ham IImvmi 
 ll W»»\i Im«« b«Mi Mtorly impoMlbl* fur 
 Ma to Im«« wrltom affMBal tl>« dir«r(M, la 
 » Im«m frw|««nto<i by tito ktng'* ehM>niioc 
 M^ lavaiy nil«if«M. 11m work MmitoMd 
 k)r Um Fallow ol Jmw Co1W««. Cwnbridffo. 
 kta Ik* a|ipMnuM«al kavtnn baoa writtan oa 
 Asm B»>ya't kaoM. ll !• tk* pnMiucitoa 
 •f a ipllMil Mbolar. wkaia th« Fathart, 
 H«iy Writ, aad Ika GouaaUa ara alter, 
 id ia fkvoar ol Ik* aoaartk'a 
 
 Tha kiac wto dalinbtod witk (i. and 
 tiyitiii II CraanMT woald dalkad 11 la Iba 
 
 p af «ka BUktp ^ R»m«iC) tot 
 
 ta Haary'a aya. tkaSavwaifa Paaliff, alW 
 1m kad raAiaad to fiaal a diroras iMd loat 
 Ilia tian. aad arai ao laora tkaa any oikar 
 IMiop. Craamar inallaad kla kaad. and 
 ■akaowladgad hiiaaalf praparad to alart 
 Im Italy, if aaok wara iba will of God. 
 ••Yaa tkall Ro." reload Hanryi aad 
 Ofa— Hi fatamad to Durbani'itUea, tka 
 laiidiaaa of tka Bwi of Wiltoklr«.<«) 
 
 OnaaMT waa awai*. whUa wriiinn kk 
 warlu tkal M wouki aartalaly aad In raacuinc 
 Intf"^ "from tho yoka of tbai aacuratd 
 dtoyatiil wkkk kad waiffkad ao kaavily on 
 lUa aonalry wUk Ito paraiatooa aaparatitlooa 
 tm ao aaay oaaiurlaa, aad kad during ikat 
 liaw kapl tka kuaMs alnd la eapUTUy."(*) 
 
 ft) Harbart. 
 ^) Aad wedaead 
 kw'a al|)aet 10 ba aap 
 
 a itaallaa aUafiaf iba 
 Mai'a abjaef le ba aappwtad by tba autbority 
 oTlaa Scrt^raa, of naaral eoaiMsUa, and of 
 aaatal wrilais.— Todd. 
 !•) Will yott abido by tbia tbat ytni hara 
 itiaa bafera iba «M<^ V Jtama »— Tudd. 
 (d) Uagard oalto Oranmar " a da^aiMlaNl of 
 ttb Aaiily ot dM kiaga mialnM" 
 • (a) HfiMotr waa aaitaialy aiaaan to tka. 
 ^Uoa IM iMt #Mi> ai^ iMd to .i*« 
 
 WlttU 
 
 Ltt ita Midaavnor l« kaap Ikaaa wurdi tt 
 tka An(|>)«an liMlaitian t« our mind*' aya, 
 to wa (bali ikaa ba abta tu im ika drift of 
 iba nagotiailina |>urauad lif Iba kiiig'a 
 atf«nU at Ikiina. If ikay did a»t («iac«a<l. 
 it wM uwinn to iha Puvai but Mvtral, 
 uadar ruvar of an kyp«>«rtllcal taal fvr 
 Hrary. ceneaolad a wall-dlaaatad plaa lo 
 d«la«k klm aalUaly flroai Iba RooMa aoMf 
 munion. 
 
 Lh ua ralura to Italy, (namanl VII,. 
 •a Iba raadar na doubt r««utk«ta, bad 
 rafainad kla Itbarty. IIm two rabinata of 
 Rama and Madrid aMiiMd \a bo atnoaraty 
 ra<onciUMl.(* ) Cbarlaa bad WA Hpain lo ba 
 crowiiad In Italy by tba Pupai altar having 
 Inlruaiatl iha euinia*nd of bia umy to 
 Layva. kv kad alartad from (ianoa ht 
 B«logiw.(f1 Ha iio longrr wora lung kair 
 aflar ika faakion of iha Burgumliana, but 
 kad b • b«ad oloaaly abavtn lika a rnunb, 
 tkar aeeomplinhing a r<iw ha bai! rnada on 
 bU vaaoal baiag ovattakaa In a atorai.(^) 
 
 ClaaBoal,wko,M arall aa tka cardinalt, bad 
 allowad kia board to grow, waa aaaud witk 
 tba uara on hia kaad en a ihrona •parkling 
 with pfooiaua atoaaa. Ckarlaa diamountod, 
 aaoaadad tka aiapa laadlag lo tka eaaopy 
 uadar wbick tka Pontiff wm aitting, aad 
 banbly knaallug down kia<»ad kla foot, 
 wkaraon ClaoMnt aroaa W ambraca Liai.(i) 
 PrtUidabarg, who but ibroa yaara bafora kad 
 boaatlngly aiMbitad tba goldan ootlar witk 
 wkioh ka propoaad atrangling tka Popa, 
 eeald aarar kava baliavad that ika d^ 
 woald arrira vbaa tka amptror wouM in* 
 oilaa bafora tkal royalty, whiah Rafomud 
 Oanaany Imagiaad to ba buriad undar tka 
 tulaa of Adriaa'a BMuaolaaa. Tka ooro* 
 nailoa took piaoa la tba ahurrh of Si. 
 Patronb. Cbarlaa knali dtiwa to raoniva 
 tba aaidating from tka baada of tka Popa, 
 bia faal baing ahod witb aaadala aad hia 
 abottldera eovar«d witb a aiaatl* batocgtag 
 
 rwMaa i|< ML aaaaav /twn Ma db^MMMN of Ito 
 
 9m it Kmm. Tkia waa tba aagaolty of Iho 
 BMoy, who. tkrougkotti Kurupa, w«ra la brouf 
 of Iha dlforea, la «rdar that, by ckackiag iko 
 dlapaaaiag powar of tba Poniiff, Map Ui^ktfrm 
 Ito mt»4 fnm Mai ali i hila aioMrnip wktak 
 m§9HtUitt» Mad 9nt»*4 om M.--'i'odd.— ttaiMMk 
 
 f() llaado*al.—llarbort. 
 
 (f) Harbart. 
 
 (b) Taiaar. 
 
 (t) RayaaldL Abb. laaL u. Mt. 
 
» tlMfi Ilii X wurdl «l 
 
 Mti IK our mind*' ay*. 
 
 Ma Ui ••• iIm drift of 
 
 irtutd bf tti« kiiifl'i 
 
 tkcy likl Mot atMCMNl. 
 
 ) w«ll-<ilcMt«<l pl«n to 
 
 luir n«nMni vn.. 
 
 Utuhl rMuilatsM, ba<i 
 IIm two rtbin*!* ol 
 wMinad to b« wnotN^jr 
 Im had kft Nf«in to b* 
 >b« Pu|M I alUr havtng 
 Mnd «f hia wmir t« 
 rtad froM U«nM for 
 loof tr wort long h»ir 
 kh« BurRundUn*, but 
 r abftytn iik« » rnunk, 
 I Tiiw b« b*ti road* on 
 t«li«n In • •lorai.(^) 
 «U u tba cArd'talr, had 
 
 gtmt, «M MMtM witb 
 1 on « throiM iparkliim 
 ChariM diamuuntad, 
 •■dkiid to tba otnopf 
 ontlff waa aittinf , aad 
 own kiaMKi bia fo«>l, 
 oaa to ambraca LiiB.(') 
 I tbraa ytara bafora baid 
 th« (oldan ooUar wllb 
 atiumltng tha Po|M, 
 iMliavad that iba «!•/ 
 bo amptror would in- 
 jrolty. whiob Raroriaad 
 
 bo buriad undrr tho 
 iMiaolattoi. Tho ooro* 
 la tho ahurrh of tl. 
 kiMlt driva to raonivo 
 tho haada of tha Popa, 
 
 1 with aaadala aad hia 
 Ub a aiaatlo baloGffiag 
 
 /hMH Mr tfMVMMMN ofMo 
 
 waa iba aa«acity at tho 
 It Kuropa, w«ro la brouf 
 |«r ikai. by cbaekiag iko 
 la Panliff. Oay •H^ht/rm 
 lil l kiir MOMroto WtM* 
 M <M M.— Todd.— ttaoMk 
 
 uf% M* miiai Tin. 
 
 IM 
 
 a. loeL xa. ft«9. 
 
 to iba nfaanlina aoipororaC*) THa Hoif 
 piMitiff, whila p<iur4nc iba oil un Ibo 
 prinea'a furabMMl, u«ad iha wma (orinala aa 
 that wHioh HlncfiMr of Kltclma bad |m»o 
 nuuneail tn %11 i " Maf ihia hidjr «tl >'•'« 
 dowa from thjr haad aad <l«a<rand to ibf 
 aiitralla."!^ Wiib Itia orown o( (Jhorla- 
 maana «« bU h«ad, tha awpsrar s«era ta 
 d*f*(id tha Po|>a, (ha PUimaii (Church, and 
 tha patrimony. prtviU(»a. and riabia "f iha 
 Haijr lat.ri Darian iha«a praparatloaa 
 for tha fnruaullon an ambaaajr taft London 
 tot Itima. lo norrf on iha tatartalnabU aiWtr 
 of tha divorra. oomp^Mad of iha Karl of 
 Wtltahlr*. falbar of iha fkvouritoi Mtokaalaf, 
 Bishop Klrot of (.ondoai Boanar. a law- 
 jtr, and L<*«, almonor to tha hiac. Lao 
 waa Iha tbaoi<>||ian whom Luthar had 
 daalKrotad aa a pblrf inatio aopblat, whoao 
 arroKiinea and folljr haa baan maaiionad hj 
 BraaoiuaiC*) ■nd whom BUHiad Plrrk- 
 baimar publid/ *ll«matkaad at NurambarN 
 aa a fool, and aa una too EontampUbSs to 
 aioiu tha aoRar of a aoul)>un.(«) rranmar 
 arconpaaiod thia drpuiatioo hjr ordar of 
 tha klaf, earrylaf ta hta raltao tho km* 
 portant book daailaad lo oonr«rt tha Sacrod 
 (%>llaffa. 
 
 TSa Bniliah cabiaat. notwithaUnding 
 tha manjr ohooka it had racoivad. bad ao( 
 abandonad tu qrttam of eorniptioa, and 
 a«aia bado tha ambaaaadora aadaavour to 
 tompt tba Popo hy aoma raloablo proaaaia. 
 In oaaa of iba I^iatiff'a poraiattof in bU 
 rofuaal to Rraat Iba dWorea, aa it waa 
 faarad would bo tha eaao, iba aRanto waio In* 
 atructad to tbraalan tba Pontiff with a 
 achian. If Clamoal would not aulhorioa 
 hia narriafo with Anno BoloTn, Hanrj 
 had raaolvod to withdraw hia obodlanco 
 from Ibo Papal aathorit/, no lon||ar to 
 rofir to tha Holjr Rao with roRord to baaa- 
 fleoa aad provlaioaa, and to invaat ona 
 of Ibo BoRUah biabopa wtib pairlarehal 
 Mtborityi an aianplo that would ba 
 
 (•) Do dttstld eoronationa Caroll V. 
 Caaaria,>pttd Boaoniam biatorioU aociura H. 
 C. AirippA.— In Nciiardlo. 
 
 (k) Ci\|tta aacratlaaima unello aupar caput 
 ^na dtflnai atqiia ad inimrioia i-Jua daacaadai. 
 
 (•} Ruika.— Kritounx Carl'a V. 
 
 (') BroMM. Kp sd 33. 
 
 (•) Billb. Pirtkaynaiaa Braamo. — By. 
 Eraam. all. IS. 
 
 amin Imltaud hf tha nthar aoTaratgaa of 
 Kuropa (') llanrf no longar k«p4 hto 
 Intaaiioa a aa«rat, but tpuka of it opoa^ 
 at l^ndon. at Hampton Cuuri, al Ya«h 
 HuuM. and al Durham I'tai-a. Ma aalM 
 Iha NovarviRn r<>niit an iROorant btahof^ 
 boeauaa (n^inani would ao« tatarpcat a 
 fsras is the B<sea of La^iWeua la »'!• «aa« 
 aanaa aa an amoruua aovaraiRn i aHd a 
 aiinooloral priaal, bacauaa Claniaal raluaod 
 to ba aaducad from hia paib of duijr by 
 Bngltah gold. Ona of rrttadaborR'a ooiui« 
 Irjrinan. a (larman Protaalaal. (Hanba,) 
 haa nolilf daf«n<la>l Clamant, and eUarad bio 
 rharaetar from thaaa (alaa aoiuaollona. 
 (Wa traal thai Ibo Holy Pontiff will aot bo 
 knaultad a; our naanlloalaR tboao cbarRoa.) 
 " Clamoni," aaya Banka, " waa ramarbabla 
 for bia Irraproaohahia condurt and aoa- 
 kiaiant modaralioa aa a atataaman. Mo 
 pravanud Prando advaneinf Atrthar Ikaa 
 Naplaa al tha tima of bia flrat iaraaloa of 
 Italy. It waa ha that praraliod oa Lao X. 
 not to oflar any o|ipoaition to tba alaelton 
 of Cliariaa V., and to iopprtaa tbo anciml 
 eoaattlulton, by virlua of wbiah no kinn 
 of Naplaa oould ba alaetad onparor. By 
 hia maana l.co X.antarad into alraaly witb 
 Praneia for tha rooovary ol Milan. Ho 
 aaaiitad Rroaily in tha alactioa of Adriaa 
 VI. Aa a acianliAc man, ho uadaratood 
 maobankra and bydraBlict."(*) 
 
 Tbrt Karl of Wiltahlra. aa iba moot 
 intaraatod in tha auooaaa of tha naRoli«lion, 
 waa ordarod to work on Cbarlaa V. Ho 
 waa a hiRbfy poliabod oourtlar, and In ron- 
 aoquoneo of hia lonR raaidanoa In Praaca 
 and intinaoy with Pranaia' minlalara, had 
 acqulrad agraatlbaUlty of aip i aa atoa . Wkoa 
 tba Bngliab ambaaaadara wara p»>"m;U4 
 to tha aioparor, ha bad Rtoal diAcuUy la 
 raatrainiuR hia IndiRaatlun on aoainf Ibo 
 fathor of Anna Bol^ja. Tho aarl had 
 
 (0 Lattoia dl JoMiMao. M. Balk. v. M«. 
 
 (l) Ranka.— VUlori (Storia d'ltaila) aaya 
 of (Jlemoat : " Ua waa Aeitbar nroud, alaio. 
 nUoal, nor immoial ; but aobar In hia way of 
 llviac and dreta, aaJ a davout, rallfloua oaa." 
 To hava an Idea of Clainanl'a obaractar aa a 
 pollllcian, Iha raadar ahould oonaolt " Iiistruo 
 tlona «l Card. Ratrarand dl Pamaaa (aAarwarda 
 Paul HI.) onaado andd lagato all' imparauiro 
 Cailo v., ooppo il mcoo di Roma.— O. M. 
 Olbarto al vaaoovo di VaniU, L a M wa di vAa» 
 oipl. I., in. 
 
 X 
 
A'«1' 
 
 MO 
 
 U*K or HEMBT Till. 
 
 
 1. 1 
 
 ' ! 
 
 1 '!;\ 
 
 •niroelj opened hit lips, era ha wm itopped 
 by Ohariei, who bid him b« silent, h he 
 WM ft pertjr concerned In the matter. 
 
 The earl, with great flrmnese, replied, 
 ** What he did was not aa father, but aa a 
 aabject and aerrant, and that hia matter 
 waa aotinx •ineerelj in following out the 
 aemplee of hie eonwlence for having lived 
 m> long In mortal ain; and that he would 
 indeed be delighted ««r» the emperor to 
 coincide with him, b«t that hia refusal 
 would not iunr* tha alighteat influene* on 
 bim.(*)" Ae a reward for eonaenling to the 
 dirofce, the ambaaeadora offered Charlea 
 400,000 (wowae, the laatitntion of Kalha- 
 rine'e dowiy, Md « Kfe annuity for that 
 prineeu. Oiarlas replied in 8|)ftniah, that 
 ba was not a marohant, and, eonaequently, 
 bad aot the power to aell bis aunt'e righlei 
 that the courM would dadda on her fate { 
 that if the nian-iaga wars diaaolvad by the 
 Fopa, he would aobait in ailenoe to the 
 aeBtancc, bat that if a oMtraiy dechtoi 
 verc given, ha would qphoU the eauae of 
 lba«ppiaaaed qnaen b^avaiy naanathat 
 Ood bad plaoad in bis powwr.fk} la the 
 aaanwbile, Katharine'a eoa^iaiota, at fliat 
 wpeeeae d bjp aubnisshm to the deeieae of 
 Divine ProTidaaca, wan atlMt beard. The 
 kttara which aba saoMtljr wrote to her 
 aepbav affected hfan deeply. Her piety, 
 her etrength in the day of trial, bar love 
 far Henry, who treated her with marked 
 eontenpt, her loag-auflering and bindDcea 
 toward* bar rlvij. whose name never 
 aaeapad her lipa, her tears, her groane, and 
 her auOtringa intereatad the whole of 
 ChriataBd«m iu her. Clement could not, 
 without visible aaiotion, bear of the insoha 
 iriiieb this real heroine anderwsnl^ end to 
 cvinea tiie interest ha fek far hia welU 
 bdovad daughter, he forbade Haniy, by« 
 briaf,(«9 to re-marry, until the ftatifleal 
 •antenoe had been nrnmnlgalail His 
 SeUoaaa, ace ha aignad the doennaiil, ceo- 
 aaMad Catdhial Oikiatftii,(«) one ef the poet 
 
 , W^tftlra de I'^vtenc de Tarbe^ J7 Mere 
 ISao, I rraneoU I.— liSS. B«ihiuieb U araad. 
 , (<>) Utite de ViftiM da Tarbea 4 M. de 
 Mootooreney, 2B Mars.— MS8. jMthuae v. 
 8665.— U Grand.— Liogaid. 
 
 (•) ADModix (L> 
 
 (•) t&ynaldus. ziiL IM. 
 
 eminent of the Roman eardliials for hh 
 learning and piety. When the trurapeta 
 of the Prince of Orange announced the 
 triumphant entry of the Imperialiate into 
 Rome, Clement might have been heard im- 
 ploring the rude soldiery, near the Brtdge 
 of St. Angelo, when about to aeise the 
 cardinal, "not to eitinguish one of the 
 lights (if the Church."(«) 
 
 During hie stey at Rome, Cranmer was 
 honoured with aeveral private intcrviewa 
 with his Holineee. On preeenting the Holy 
 Fsther with his work in &vour of tba 
 divorce, he expreeted a wiah to be permitted 
 to discuss the controverted point with the 
 theologiane of the Roman Gynnaeinm. 
 Clement wae unwilling to concede thia 
 flnrouri but tu alleviate the diMppuintroeot 
 arising from his refiiaal, eunferred on him 
 the dignity of Grand Penitentiary of the 
 three kingdoms, which oiBoe Cranmer 
 accepted firom "a bishop" who, he con- 
 tended, had no epiritual or temporal Juris- 
 dietion in KoghMid. This aet bae bean 
 Justly blamed, even by hia panrgyri*ts.(') 
 The Earl of Wikahira waa the first to per- 
 eaive that Clement waa opposed to the 
 divorce, and accordingly urged the Eaglieh 
 Court to preae the deeiaion of the Univer- 
 aitiee, before whom the queetion had been 
 laid, in accordance with Cranmer'a auggee* 
 tioajl0t The history of the diecueeiou, 
 raised in the Universities by this qocstion* 
 form an intereeting epiamie in the trial of 
 th» divorce. Scandalous and disgraceful 
 eeenee oecured at Oxford. The dreeit usmI 
 towards the elder membera of the eenatee 
 ao wounded the pride of the junior M JL'a, 
 that like • parcel of undiaoiplined aefaool* 
 boye, they revolted, and disturbed the coa- 
 vocaUon. Henry'e agenta had reeouree la 
 ▼blence; the Masters arere excluded flriMa 
 the Academy, and aeveral Badialora impii* 
 Bonad or maltiaata^ > 4iM'iiw rematade^ 
 alarmed by thathaMj^a^Mit ■nwansilnf Sufa 
 folk, or e ort a p lad by britMipieaidved fron 
 the aovasiriffn. mimfi^ af,^,,f9|j|)Mfl,of 
 
 (e) Oiaooaias,V{ 
 
 (f) Cleaseat be( 
 distino ti oB, wfaiah 
 for aooe^ting^ as l] 
 in his profeseiocs 
 Todd. 
 
 («) Le Grand 
 
 ^ bi«4«ai^of 
 .b|fcb*d|i blamed 
 be bed leea insineei* 
 KlhaPaialpcwiir.— 
 
man e»rdlnkb for bit 
 When the tnirapcti 
 trtniie annonnced the 
 the ImyerMlieta into 
 it htfe been heMd in. 
 dierj, neir the BiM||e 
 in about to eciie the 
 itinf{uiih one of the 
 
 t Rome, Cnnmer wae 
 ral private iotcnriewa 
 n preaenting the Holjr 
 irit in ikvour of the 
 a wiah to be permitted 
 iverted point with the 
 Roman Gjnnaaiam. 
 ling to concede thia 
 kte the ditappuintroent 
 lal, conferred on him 
 id Penitentiary of the 
 bich oiBoe Cnmmer 
 whop" who, he oon- 
 toal or temporal juria* 
 Thia aet haa been 
 by bia panrgyri«t8.(') 
 e waa the flrat to per> 
 »M oppeied to the 
 igly urged the Englieh 
 Icciaion of the Univer- 
 ibe queetion had been 
 ith Cranmer'a augKee* 
 1 of the dtacuaeioB, 
 litka by thia qocation* 
 ipiaoiie in the trial ojf 
 aloua and diagraeeful 
 ford. The dreeit U9t4 
 enbera of the eenataa 
 I of the junior li.A.% 
 undieoiplined echool* 
 Ad dieturbed the coa- 
 genta had reeouree tn 
 I were eirludrd flrba 
 rcnl Bnchelon impii* 
 ) old'iiM mmaiailei^ 
 
 r britMNtlMriyed from 
 
 M aM)|i||4«aikol 
 MMf bi9v.b«»# biaiced 
 h be Mia been inaine^M 
 ioet the Fafal ptwMr,— 
 
 Vint or urnxn nn. 
 
 aoi 
 
 Bdward Fox, to phuM the deciaion of ao 
 delicate a queetion in the handa of thirty 
 doctora, aelected by the Biihop of Lincoln, 
 the Vioe-Chanoellor, and Dr. Stinton t but 
 the eommlaeioneis being unable to agree 
 among themaelvee, eight of the moat 
 deroted of the court pnrtiaana brolie open 
 the door of the Regiatry>offloe, atole thence 
 the aeal of the Uiiiveraity, and •tam(>ed 
 their deoiaion with it.(») Wood baa faith- 
 fiilly related the variuui acenee of the 
 drama oommenoing with a riot, the breali- 
 ing open of the d^^at of the regiatry offlcee, 
 and terninntinf in a robbery and forgery, (k) 
 The oppoai:ion waa nearly aa ol^tinate 
 at Cambridge. Gardiner and Fox had been 
 aelected aa the modemtora of the contro- 
 Teray, aa being persona who it waa well 
 known would not flinch tbougl;i oppoaed by 
 ounning or oraft. A committee waa formed 
 diteen membera of which had promiaed 
 their votea in fkrour of Henry ; **of the other 
 four we are aure of two ; the otbera we ahall 
 aend away, and then we ahall carry th a day." 
 It waa aa the commiaaionera had f<)retold, 
 but the decieion contained a clauee which 
 waa far Irom being pleaaing to the kingi 
 the Unireraity were in favour of the diTorce, 
 provided it could be proved that the mar> 
 riage had lieen ooneummated between 
 Arthur and Katharine. Henry aeemcd liia 
 aatiafled, but waa paciSed on being aeaured 
 by the Vicc^hancellor, (Or. BuokmuUr), 
 that if thia condition had nut been ineerted 
 the partisana of the divorce would hr re been 
 certainly defeated.(<!) xi,e |mnce had very 
 active agenta in Italy ; the three brothere, 
 Caaale, StafUe, and aa Engluhman oalled 
 Crook, who diatinguuhed himaelf by hie 
 greet activity t none, it waa aaid, oould 
 reairt the fone of hie argumanta. Wali^ 
 field, the Profeeeor of Hebrew at Oxford, 
 had found hie neater. The following 
 9xam(rio will give the reader an idea of hie 
 ayllog-ama. To a rimple religioua of the 
 Order flTMw ScrvHea, one eruwn; to thi 
 d<i«lMr»«f the Sarviteai two crowrie t to the 
 Ohaervpatteee, two crowna ; to the Prior of 
 
 aiticat 
 
 !(• Oread. 
 /iHnwt.— Heiltertaaya: "The Univer- 
 aitba ef engUiid are more acmpuloiiB of the 
 idivoM* ttea Ibreign nnivendtiea." 
 (•) Bmiaet.— Llagard. 
 
 St. John, Afteen orownei to John Marie. 
 who went from Milan to Venice, thirty 
 crowne i to the preacher of the CordelicTa. 
 twenty crowna.(<>) Crook waa delighted 
 with hie aucceea, and only regretted one 
 ciroumatanoe. " Gracioua maater," he 
 writea to Henry, "I have obtained one 
 hundred and ten eignaiuree, and oould hava 
 bad aa many more had 1 a little mon 
 money."(') Crook waa not aufflciently 
 candid; if hie auooeee did not equal bb 
 expectation, it waa owing to the delay of 
 Caaale in not remitting him, throujib feel- 
 ing of Jealouay, the caah to buy more aig« 
 naturae. Truly conaciencee were not at a 
 premium in the market. A theologian waa 
 obtainable for one crown i a community for 
 two or three, and Henry imegined that ha 
 bad paid too dear in giving a few orowaa 
 for a monaatery of Cordeliere. 
 
 Murriaon, who displayed great activity 
 in hie riovereign'e cauae, felt quite annoyed 
 at being told that hie ninety waa guilty of 
 bribery, ae by a diatinction which w«Mild 
 have done honotu to Crook, be aaaerud 
 that the crown given to a mendicant flriar, 
 who had perhapa never read the Book of 
 Leviticua or Deuteronomy.- wa* not a briba 
 but alma : the trouble of writing hie nana 
 to a bing deed deaerved to be recompensed 
 by Henry. Occaaionally the alma waa a 
 Spaniah dollar, or a Venetian eequin, and 
 then Morrieon, who would not on any 
 account allow that Heury was guilqr of 
 briliery, would laud the libezaiity of bia 
 royal hero. Can it be a crime in Henry lov- 
 ing and patronieing liUrary charaotere 1(0 
 
 But fsJsehood waa added to bribery. 
 Crook and Stokealqr aent the deeiaioa of 
 
 (*) Burnet. 
 
 (•) Bum«t. 
 
 (') " i acknowledge that money waa Rives ; 
 would you. merely on Ibat ground, say that 
 
 they were bribedf If a primte ponton ie 
 
 anxioue to appear liberal to thoae whom he 
 kaowa to have been lealoiis in hia caaee. ie it 
 to be expected that one of the weailhiaat eo«e> 
 reigas in Bnropu should be sparing towarda 
 th' <ee whom he sees to have discusMd his rixhia 
 with ihe greateet good taiih, lo have eXMmined 
 them with acnipuloos care, to have defended 
 them with wonderful constauey r Uball not 
 a king, who is a must distinguished pairoa of 
 letters, think those worthy of rew.«nl, who, 
 abanduninx their literary leiaitre, have wvaried 
 themaelvee with watching and labouiing l"— 
 Quoted by Le Grand. 
 
if 
 
 i, 
 
 >!i 
 
 809 
 
 Liri or ■iMMf ytii. 
 
 Iha Univtrelty of BoIokm to Bnnland, A 
 eUj of thmlofiy tn tha MiddU AgM, BoloKiia 
 had daclared that tha king'a marrtaita waa 
 illtiial. The acl which waa not dalad, waa 
 aignad by an unknown Cansalita monk, 
 tha nana of PalUirielBo. 'Ilia noiarf and 
 Palkvicino wara aammonad btrfora tha 
 goranior on tha 0th of Januarjr, 1A30, 
 vhaa It waa diaeoverad that tha aot, tha 
 work of Iha Canaalita, had baan aif nad by 
 four olhar monka. But who had than 
 ravadad a Mcrat which tha kinii'a agtnti 
 had raxardad aa inviolate } IVobablf ona 
 of tha brethran who had lant hlmaaif for 
 tha daeait for ona crown, had now batrayad 
 tham fbr two. Crook waa caliad on to claw 
 himaalf. Ha acoordingljr aant for Iha 
 Kotarf and tha mooka, who obajrad Uka 
 aanranto tha maMer who paya than, but ha 
 fkiled in diaeovarinfc the oulpril.(*) 
 
 Crook continuad hiatiavala oo tha kiof 'a 
 aeoount iia arrlvod at Farrara with hia 
 pnraa wall Ailed with gold, hoping to tempt 
 tha Uootora of Canon Law. '• I will give 
 jou a hundred ducata to aign thia dadaiont" 
 but thajr only laughed and ahroggad thair 
 akottldara at tha priaa. On aoaing that 
 hia oAht waa rejaoiad, ha oflhrad them ona 
 hundred and llftjr dueata on tha morrow. 
 But it waa too latoi thajr had alapt over 
 hiapnpoaal. Otaok waa politely diamiaaad. 
 Ma waa mora aucoaaaAd at Pkdua ( far tha 
 kwf'a agent, if Bumat ia to ba credited, 
 bought tha whole academy for laea than a 
 hiudred aoudi.(^) 
 
 In FIranoe. whara tha queation of tha 
 divoroa had baan already mootad in tha 
 aehoohb Henry would have a few partiaana, 
 md thai for tha following rmaon :~Not 
 a aingla Bogliah aoldier had taken part in 
 the Battle of Pavia. England oonaaquantly 
 bad no ahara in tha victory. Tha people 
 were alao acquainted with the intereat 
 which the Bogliah cabinet had taken in 
 tha likte of tha royal pflBonar at Madrid ( for 
 the/ had even made advanoee to Fianea 
 after her defeat In Italy, and had done all 
 in tbor power to come to term* of reoon> 
 ailialion. Henry had reatorcd to France 
 that diamond Jbt>r d* lit which bad bean 
 
 (•) Liagard.- 
 
 -aymer, FoNlera, XV., 8M^ 
 
 (*) 
 
 -UiWaid. 
 
 here la <Uya of yore. If the young prinoea 
 wore »«/ \f,n^er hoetagea at Madrid, It waa 
 b4>oftbM Henry had lent their father 600,000 
 crownii for hie ranaoro.(*) An hypocritical 
 compaaiion, which thn people onuld not 
 undeniand. Du Belky, Biahop of Bayoone, 
 bad lately returned from London, (Feb., 
 1630,) (*) having in hia poaeeaaion tha 
 /far ift Jif, accompanied by Sir Franeta 
 Bryan, officially retained for the divorce, 
 and ordered by the king to tamper with 
 the Univrrsity of Paria, looked on at that 
 time aa the mother and nuraa of wiadora. 
 Theae faalinga of hatred againat tha 
 emparor, Jaalouay againat Spain, afltction 
 for a dafoalad and enptiva aovereign, and 
 gratitude towarda Henry, were akilfVilly 
 turned to hia advantage by tha courtier 
 prelate i and yet it waa far from producing 
 the effect expected at Greenwich. Tha 8ur> 
 bonne at llrat refuted to meddle with tha 
 question { and aba did not concent till after 
 aha had reoeived a formal in{unction firom 
 tha king.C) 
 
 Never had an intrigue been ao publicly 
 reaorted to. Hcnfy had written an auio< 
 graph latter to tha theologiana of Pferia. 
 Da Montmorency went about from door 
 to door b«gging for vutea. The Knglieh 
 amhaaaadora diatributed prea«nt8. Du 
 Bellayaaaertad that the Itolian Univeraltiea 
 had been unanimoua in their daciaion for 
 tha divorcee ) although it waa utterly im. 
 poaaibia that tha rrault of the delilieratiun 
 could be yat known, and Gervaia,(>) a low 
 intrigoar, endeavoured to corrupt hia col 
 leaguea at the Sorbonne by bribery with 
 money, promiaed him by Da Muntroo- 
 rancy. 
 
 The fliat meeting waa on the 8th of Jnne, 
 15aO,(k) and waa exceedingly itormy. Du 
 Bellay, who waa there by the king'a com> 
 mand to inf uenea the aaacmbly. waa not 
 aabamed to aaaart that the Italian Unirer- 
 
 («) L« Grand. 
 
 (*) "Pamiag tkiow^ Oriaaai^ ha 
 over the univeiaity. which cava la iia aMio* 
 bation on Juae ftth. l&au."— La Qraad. 
 
 (•) I.e Grand. 
 
 (t) La Grand. 
 
 (•) Lattmr deduBdhiy an Grand mitre.— 
 M88. Baibnna, vol. 8604 Sea a lUI account 
 of Iha intrigue in La Grand, ~--Tfltd fkaa 
 cCdal doeanMuta. 
 
 (k) U Grand. 
 
If tba jroanii prinoM 
 iffM •! KmirM, It wh 
 rnt their fathar 600,000 
 m.(*) An hypoeritieal 
 t(ii« people cmiild not 
 «]r, Biahop of Bmyona§, 
 
 frotn Loadon, (P«b., 
 a kit poMCMioB Ui« 
 mltd bj 8ir Fnmela 
 kined for tb« dirorw, 
 
 kiDK to Umpmr with 
 trie, looked on at that 
 Mtd nnrao of wiadon. 
 hatred a((ainat the 
 lainat Spain, aflltetion 
 •ptivt aovereinn, and 
 Henry, were akilfVilljr 
 ita«e l>]r the eoortler 
 «e far from producing 
 
 Rrecnwich. TheSor- 
 id to meddle with the 
 J not eonaent till after 
 brmal injunction firom 
 
 Iffu* been ao publieljr 
 had written an auto- 
 theoloKiana of Pferia. 
 rat about from door 
 
 vutee. The BoRliah 
 rated preaents. Du 
 be lulian Unirereitiet 
 
 in their deciaion for 
 igh it waa utterly lra< 
 lit uf the delilieratiua 
 and OerTBia,(*) a low 
 m1 to corrupt hia ool 
 onne bjr bribery with 
 im by Da Muntroo- 
 
 aa on the 8th of June, 
 mdin^ly atormy. Un 
 « by the king'e eoa> 
 M aaacmblr. waa not 
 ■t the Italian Univer- 
 
 |h fTrieane. he 
 
 lich gave In iia aafca* 
 
 W."-LeOra«L^^ 
 
 llayanOtaadlllteo.~ 
 04 SeeaAdlaMomt 
 Ufand. conq^iM 
 
 -'-~*T" 
 
 ura or miniT mi. 
 
 «M 
 
 altiea were unaninuiia in flavour of the 
 divorce, hiii he hud a roiixh antagoniat to 
 contend with in Bed*, who, being a man of 
 violent temper, accneed the biahop of being 
 an accomplice of the King of England, 
 whoae peneioner he wae, end of trying to 
 do riolenee to the oonacience of the mem- 
 bere of the 8orbonne.(*) Du Bellay, who 
 ie by BO maana to be trattad in thie matter, 
 haa related one of the moot turbulani 
 epiMxIea of tbia aaeembly. " None of any 
 authority would take an active part in the 
 matter) flrat, bacnuae their privUcgea w«ra 
 derived aa much from youraelf aa from the 
 Pope, and yet mora eo. aa they were in your 
 kingdom. Seoondly, that it wm inaulting 
 the Pontiff to aaaert that he couM have 
 poaiibly prohibited or allowed any thing 
 which waa calculated to wound the under^ 
 eet conacienea. Thirdly, that it waa exceed- 
 ingly wrong to apeak thua of any aovereign 
 who waa an ally i*f their prince, and who 
 had till now ahowed himeetf t<i be a aealoua 
 Defender of the Faith i and while the beadle 
 waa coUeeting the voiea tn aeo which aide 
 bad the majority, ona of the nembera aroee, 
 and anaieking from hia hud the liat, tora 
 it into atoma, whereon there commenced a 
 great tumult, aoma aiclaiming that the 
 matter hail been aettled, othere (the 
 mijttrity) adviaing ma to wriu to yon aa 
 well aa the Pop* on the point, lliua the 
 aaeembly waa diaaolvad i and the Engliah 
 ambaaeadora, who ware walking in one of 
 the eorridora, hearing the riot, rwired in all 
 haata to their apartmente, dieaatiaied at the 
 reault, fiaeHng eunvinced that all that had 
 ooooirad waa at tha inatigation of Beda and 
 hia aeeomplieeat bat I did not believe 
 them, and began to writa an aoeoant 
 of tha matter to the king, aa arell aa to 
 tha Earl of WiltaUra."(k) 
 
 The Univaraiiy made known her deciaion 
 in tha month of Joly. Fifty voted in faviiur 
 of tha divone, forty-two againat it, and 
 Ivt ilaairad that tha qoaatioa ahoaM be laid 
 baAm the Popa. Tha flKolly aiaembird 
 on tha aaoennr to ananl tha dedeion of 
 the previooa day ; bat tha Buhop of Senile 
 had that nwcning takra awny tha ragiater. 
 
 $) 
 
 La Grand. 
 
 BethwNbVoLflMB. 
 
 ao that it waa impoeaible to rcecind it. 
 Complaint waa made, and tbe prrlaie iuin« 
 moned to rvttore the regitter i but in vain. 
 The emperor** ambaMadon interfered, 
 requeiting the minutee of tbe debate to be 
 furniilaed tbem, but their petition waa 
 rejected by Prancia (•) The faculty on thia 
 privately forbaile each of the membera to 
 vote on tha queatiun. Tha king, irritated 
 at thia conduct, dtaircd to invvatigate tho 
 matter t but Liict, the irat preeident of tha 
 parliament, advieed bim Ut br quiet, aa he 
 might poeeibly by an inveetigation du num 
 harm than good to the King of BnKl>ind.(<') 
 Dumoulin. whuee tcatimony ia above all 
 auapicion, declarca that tbe votea in favour 
 of tbe divorce had been purchaaed by 
 Uenry.(«) 
 
 Ho waa leae eueceaeful in Germany ( hia 
 diapute with Luiber bad not lieen forgotten. 
 7*lie monk bad married, and Henry bad 
 thua aJJreiMd him, " You are right not to 
 look at me, but I wonder how yoa havn 
 the audacity to look at Ood ( you who, at 
 the inatigation of Satan, were n<it afraid to 
 defile with your wiciileKioua entbracea • 
 virgin eonaecrated to tba Lord." Anna 
 wae kMe acrupuloo* than ber lord; ahe 
 eolicited the approbation of Luther, and 
 feeUng convinced that tbe Saxon wuuld 
 irf{iect every bribe, abe inetructcd Bamea, 
 the agrat of tha " DeHnMler of the Faith.^C) 
 to uae flattery, and thua obtain hia aigna- 
 turaj but Luther repUod, that aa the 
 eecleeiaetie of Wittemberg, he would rather 
 permit Henry to have two wivaa than ta 
 divorce Katharine. B4mM thea appiiad 
 to the doctor'a well-belovad dieeipla, to th« 
 profeaeor who had attracted all Qmamaf 
 to WitteroUrgi bat Melanethoa eo«> 
 
 (•) Le Urand.— Unsard. 
 
 (4) Lingard.— U Onuid. 
 
 (•) " In the mooih of June. l&aO. ferty4w« 
 membeti of the ttorbooM gave ihHr opiaiim 
 n the ailraMlive, via , that the Pope oooM 
 
 g'y a dwpenaatiaa, five were of opiaioa that 
 aheold be referred to the Chareh of Boma, 
 but A(ty-thre«,foiaiing a nauotiiy, held tor the 
 ne)ta(tve; thoogh thrir opiniuo can haveimt 
 Utile weiidit, aa ib«y were cotrapled by 
 Bagiidi tngela. aa I have aeen by the aUeata- 
 tioae BHuie by order of fnaeu. King of 
 Fruioe. by tiwiaie MM. de France awl Poliol. 
 yr a ii dinUofihe parliament i«—C«aa. da Om. 
 p. on, cone. ftlB. 
 (() LaAmi Bfirt. 
 
m ^m tm m uit 
 
 I f. 
 
 h 
 
 f: 
 ' it' 
 
 U» Of HIMM VIII. 
 
 4imiMd th« projMi of tho diforoo la fbroMl 
 tonna.(*) 
 
 Umry hid bo !••• than four *itmU »t 
 work in Gerroanf, Tii., John Cuala, 
 CranoMr, AndreH. and fraridcLCo) Ona 
 of tham WM introatad with th« oharga of 
 irioninK ovar Coehlaraa i thia old cbampion 
 flar Mithuntjr, who had diapuUd the |(round 
 Inoh by inch with the innoTkiora, had loat 
 hia eoUoKiate poaition at Frankfort on the 
 Oder, and ainee her npoatary had lived on 
 ohaHty.(*) He was offered a handful of 
 ||old itwina if he would but cign a papar 
 already drawn up t but tho venerable ear- 
 rant ot Chriat rejected the bribe, and apoko 
 of hie honour and probity (') He ia no«r, 
 it ie to bo hoped, enjoyiofi tho Beaiiie 
 Virion I Katharine, who preceded hia 
 to the tomb, nuat have prayed for the 
 honeat old man in haareo. Coehtaraa 
 dared not aceuee tho king, and therefore 
 threw all tiu blame on hia adviaere. "You 
 are wrong.** wrote Eraanue to the Oeman 
 theologian, "it ia Henry who ia gnilty. 
 Had I been admitted into the aeorot of the 
 latrigne I ahould liara protetted againat 
 tho divoreo."(*) Birango infatuation in a 
 oorercigB ealUng himaelf in all hia acta the 
 «* Defender of the Catholic Faith," and yM 
 dolightiog in the almee heaped on him by 
 the learned. Here ie a letter, dated 
 Bologna, where Katharine ia treated aa hie 
 nistraeot another from Ferrara, wbero 
 Mary ia called a bastard t another firon 
 Orieime, where the prince ia aceoaed of 
 Incoat i and yet Henry, aa if iheae Mten 
 WON 00 osaay ol^Jceta of iatereet, looked 
 them up in hia deek, and daily exhibited 
 liw preenua oheet to hia miatreae.(') By 
 
 (•) MeUncth. Epiat. ad Camerarinm. 
 
 |i>) Linftard. 
 
 (r) Scope JoanniaCocklaiiadrennauramtis 
 Ricliardi Moroainii 
 
 ' (') " 8<inM yvara aince. a verr eonaidarable 
 mm waa a Us nd to me. if I Wiiald either wrHa 
 a book ■qro.tf aaahwt the kin^e a mrt i a ga with 
 Katharine, or pmcnre omniaoe flwm aoue ef 
 the flermaa uMwisitiee ainrilar to thoae ^dUeh 
 had b«en given by eooM in Franoe and Italy." 
 — Ceekl. ad Ktekardnm Moiitonnm. 
 
 sK 
 
 twrea." 
 
 the titlre of Mme of the bvekapabliahod afainat 
 the divorce :— Thorn. Ab«l. Oa|iell. KeeiMi 
 Katharins, De nan diaaetvande Uearia at 
 
 meana of all theee aigiuturea, b«gged, pur- 
 chaaed, extorted, or forged, thii Henry 
 hoped to droeive Clemrnt V1I.,(*) but Hia 
 Holinaae waa well aware of the meana that 
 had been reaorted to to obtain them.(>') 
 However, they would have bean perfectly 
 oeelees had they been asked and obtained 
 in good faith, for they were all founded on 
 the auppoaition that the marriage between 
 Arthur and Katharine had been conauin- 
 matad j a point in tho conlroverey which 
 Cranmer looked on aa ineoluble.(') 
 
 Tho advieera of the crown, whom it waa 
 impoaaiblo to deoeive ae to the value of 
 thwe aigoaturea, determinod to mako 
 another attempt on the qooen i they hoped 
 that aho woiild yield to Henry's wiahta, 
 DOW that ahe waa made aoquainted with tho 
 unanimoua opinion of tiio Univeraitiee at 
 home as well aa abroad. The epiritoal 
 peers wished her to refer her case to tho 
 doeiaion of a tribunal to bo ooropoa«i of 
 eight of the moat upright man in the kin|^ 
 doai bat Katharine couragooualy replied 
 that, being a woman, ahaunderetood nothiBg 
 of religious controversy i that shs felt oei^ 
 tain that neither her nor Henry'e father 
 would have given their eoneent to a saori- 
 lagioua marriage) that she prayed Gud to 
 calm her huabaod'e ecruplea; and, in a 
 word, being a legitimate wife, she would 
 die tho Quaes of EnglaBd.(i) Katharioo 
 aa pure in tho eyes of God as wofi 
 
 Kalharinte malrimonio, IftSO. — JacopoOalcek 
 CaraMl, Pavia. Ue Divortio Henrivi Vlll., 
 Anglurum recia, 1596.— Qu«atiunea de miUri' 
 auAio regis Anglia numqiuun incudine s^btilis 
 doct J. tiouii aniehac vera«l». Kapol., per 
 Cilium impreeMim, l&ltt. in4to,— CampiaiiiMi 
 Nanratio de divortio Henrici VIlI. ab axon 
 KalharinA. Duad. l&ti. 
 
 [$) Letiera di Gtovauni Joacshimo al Bs.~ 
 Uas. Bethel., vol. W4I. 
 
 (k) NuUo Boa aatu et pestia.— Bpiat Clo> 
 mealiibapud Hayualdum, awto 1&3D. 
 
 (i) The mudem and aaciaat hiiterians ai« 
 unanimoua reeMoiiag the w M i uptl OB a iilMl l« 
 Henry to obtain rigpuiurea. In Ibdi^i UA 
 of Cnuuner, we read: "It taimot hp dgatsd 
 that |r»at aums of money were epf^iyed hi 
 the proeecutton of the divorce." And (i 
 Cavendith : " Ho same were euit to OambiidlPk 
 eoMMl to Oxford, aom« to Lorraigna, otbsw to 
 Paria, aome to Orleana, othera to I'Sdna, all at 
 the proper coala and charge ot the kiug which 
 in the iriiole amvonted to a great eunune of 
 BMMiey." 
 
 (f) UalL 
 
ignaturM, iM^ged, pur- 
 r forKcd, that Henry 
 lamrnl Vll.,(t) but Hia 
 irare of liia mcMit that 
 
 to to obtain thein.(i') 
 lid bava baan parfacily 
 in askad and obtalnad 
 ay ware aU founded on 
 i the roartiana betwaan 
 rine had l>ean conauin- 
 tha conlroveray which 
 aa in8olubla.(>) 
 lia crown, whom it waa 
 ive aa to tha valua of 
 datarnainad to mako 
 tba qnaan i ihay bopad 
 id to Henry'a wiakaa, 
 kde aoqaaioted with tba 
 
 of tha Univeiaitiaa at 
 ibroad. Tha apiritul 
 
 refer bar oaae to tha 
 lal to ba ooropoaMi of 
 irigbk men in the kinK- 
 a couragnoualy replied 
 ahaundaratood notbisf 
 iray i that aha fait ett- 
 ir nor Henry'a fathar 
 hair eonaant to a aaeri- 
 lat aba prayed Gud to 
 a acrnplea; and, io a 
 iiuata wift, ahe would 
 EnKlaBd.(i) Katbarioa 
 
 1 ayaa of God aa waB 
 
 «, 1 590. — JacopoOatee^ 
 Divortio Henriti VUI, 
 .— QiuMtionea de miari> 
 imqiuun incudine e^bUUe 
 «e r«n*l«. Kapol., per 
 iii. in 4io,~Campiaiinai 
 Henrivi VIlI. ab oaota 
 
 ri. 
 
 raiini JoacsUmo al Ba.-~ 
 41. 
 
 II at paati».--Bpiat Clo> 
 uni,«ui« 1&3U. 
 id aaoiattt hikiatiaMaiw 
 iha cn nuiMl dn a aH^ l« 
 wluraa. fit fbdi^ IJA 
 : "It t aiwet Ap iiplad 
 loncy >tere apa^wad bi 
 ba dtforca." And |i 
 I were euit loCaailiii^pt 
 I to Lorraigna, Mban to 
 a, otliera to lUna, all at 
 ;harge ot the Uug which 
 Bd i« a great aununa of 
 
 un or niMn mt. 
 
 aoi 
 
 aa maa. Had the had aa vtrgin, mother, 
 or qnaan, but one aliiRla fault to deplore, 
 aha would have laid her head on the block. 
 A few of the aplritual peera endcaronred 
 to inlimidate the Pope. In a letter 
 which they wrote conjointly with aome 
 of the meml>era of the Hnuae of Com- 
 mona, they warned the Pontiff, in the name 
 of the Engliah people, that if by dilatory 
 eonduct be rtjeetad Henry'a petition, hie 
 nnjeaty had reaolrad to aacade from tha 
 Holy See, and would appMl from Roma 
 to hia own conacienca, tha wiahea irf tha 
 country, and the dedaion of »b9 Anglican 
 clergy. Though an aitrema meaaura 
 it ia certainly leaa prejudicial to tba 
 nation than tha oondition to which tba 
 vi^uat partiality of the Popa would reduce 
 her.(*) We are in poaaaaaion of tha reply 
 giran by hia Holineaa to theaa threaU. It 
 ia atamped with erangelical mildneaa. 
 '*Nona ooulil juatly aoouaa blm of par- 
 tiality t for if he had evinced any, it waa 
 towarda Henry. He w«ll knew by what 
 manoBuirreing all thoae aignaiurea of which 
 they now made ao great a boaat bad been 
 obtained. Did he arer complain of thehr 
 conduct t He never intended to treapana 
 on the privilegea of tha crown. How 
 sduld ha then have poeaibly injured Henry, 
 by trying a eauaa altogether apiritual 
 before a apiritaal ooart? He aaked but 
 ona favour, and that waa not to compel 
 bin, under pratam of gntltode to a king, 
 to violato tha immotnbla cooimandmento 
 of God."{*) 
 
 (•) Herbert.— Ltogard. 
 
 \}) Anawer to be pven to the letter of the 
 King of Eni^and : " That tba Pooe had nuvor 
 in thia aiUr deelfaied from tha path of jnatioe ; 
 and that if be had ahown Ammr to eiiker 
 party, it waa to tba king rathac than to the 
 
 That the Popa baa not acted entirely ac- 
 . . ^^^ 
 
 cording to tha w i abaa , advtea, «mmb 
 tkaaainam. nMeh tl« ktag«|tnai|y ckargea 
 him wM doiagi bvt that baftva hinmaktog a 
 tiaalf «tik tha aMMW. > l»»t way to tha 
 ktagbtaavaaal vSi, ni, •*« ^»«^ 
 
 «hM«r tha ttaato, ha ifcowa* Wa goo* wiU to 
 tha Uag by oOar acta of oomnbtaanca, of 
 whidiSa aamerar and hia apentaia Italy hava 
 ■ot aaraaaanaUy oompUbMO. 
 
 TIM UM king haa estortad anbacrlptkna 
 of tha ktag^am, «• ftt»« «Umb 
 
 Craamar, after having prcaentcd hia 
 work to the Pope, left Rome, and by 
 Henry'a ordera dirccud hia atepa towarda 
 Oermany. He had been intruatad by hia 
 aovereign "/ith a twofold miaaiun, namely, 
 to aacertwin how many were in favour of 
 the divorce, and to detach the Reformed 
 electora fVoin the emperor, by promising 
 them asiiatanoa from England; but ha 
 failed in both miaaiona. The prieat bad 
 an interview with Oeoolompadiua, Buoer, 
 Zuingla. Luther, and Melancthon, and 
 failed ia gaining them over to the divorce. 
 The diplomatiat arrived too lata. Tba 
 treaty of peace had been juat aignad at 
 Nuremberg between tha einparor and tba 
 confedarat«a.(*) Cranmer met with ona 
 piece of Kood luck in tbia ancient city ^ 
 ha Itell in love with Oaiander'a nieca,(') 
 and, aa tha aSaetion waa mutual, married 
 her. In marrying with the niaca of ona of 
 the Reformera, he violated hia vow of 
 chaatity, the oath of obedience ha had 
 but recently pronounced to the Holy Sao, 
 when appointed by the Pope penitaatiary 
 of tba three kingdoma of England, Soot- 
 knd, and Ireland, and tha faith which 
 ba then openly profeaaed. Although a 
 married man, he continued to aay Maaa 
 after hia arrival in London. Although a 
 convert to Oaiandriam, ba ccaaed not to 
 practiaa outwardly all that waa required by 
 the religion of hia fatbara, thua deceiving 
 the Popa, who would have withdrawn aU 
 
 and nopee that thqr nutT continue inviolate, 
 provided thia can be without oansiug acandal 
 and offonce to tha whole Church. Bwidea. no 
 ii^aalice ia done to the kingdom of Engiaad by 
 the determination of |o Important (. canaa, 
 which is purely ecdeaiaatical, by the ApoaioUe 
 Baa. 
 
 Wherefbre, hia Holineaa bceeechee bis ma- 
 Jeaty to nneot the e«il advice, always desiriag 
 change, of those, who, aince their own oua« 
 eoienoea are OMWrd, can never reat till thay 
 have oomiPted purer minds than their own, 
 (of which class is his m^ieaty's,) aad tolaka 
 counsel of hiandf alooa, and of his natural 
 gaod feelb«, which haa ahewn iladf already ki 
 
 bHtaaoaa.— MHS. Vatkaa. Mo. 
 y. llS-186.. 
 
 Todd. 
 
 (•) 
 
 m With OaiaBder, (he ed(*rB(e4paa(ar at 
 Ktueaiberg, he haeaaM very biiiawte. Thdr 
 l^iaadship. which the yoUtioal measure h/A 
 helped to Ibrm. waa straa glh a a id by tha niacb 
 «f thia divfaw aaeaptfaig tha haad of OiaaaNr. 
 -JTodd. 
 
UWm or RIMT Till. 
 
 .1' 
 
 poww Iron •■ •potuto, and lh« king, wko 
 would havt (»r»Mout«d tuoh of hit tubjaota 
 aa wara auapretad of herta7.(«) 
 
 At Umdun, Cmnroar prataadad to baliava 
 In tha Raai Praaenoat al NurarobarK h« 
 taii>(bt tha Luiharan dootrina of cori8ub< 
 atantiation, which Okiai.dar had adopiad, 
 In hia wifa'a tratut*^ 
 which tha profaa ' 
 Hanry't inoattuitni 
 
 h*d baen auppraaan. 
 amparor'a ordara.O>) 
 
 •rlttan againat 
 .,«, and which 
 Gariniiny ky tha 
 In Qarmapyi •• well 
 
 in EoKland, the courtier continued to 
 flatter hia royal maatar. In writinf tu tha 
 Barl of Wiluhira. hia good and kind lord, 
 be thanked Qod fur having rouchaafed to 
 praaerve in good health hia grace tha king 
 and Lady Anne.(<) Not a word of oom- 
 
 (•) CaWini Bpia. ad MelaorJi.— Boaauet, 
 Hirt. of Varlatioua. 
 ffc) Todd, 
 (•j To tha right hononrabia and my aingular 
 
 paaaion or pity for tha poor qnaanl I| 
 would have indeed been unfortunate if 
 Kalliarina had found none to defend bar 
 cauvat her righte, however, were warmly 
 adrooaied by Fither, Bitho|i uf RocUeeter i 
 Jbim Holyinan. Bithup of Briitol i and 
 Abel, her almoner, in EoHlttnd i by 
 Alphonao da Caatro, Sepulwda, Alpfaonau 
 Varveiiua, and Franoeeco Ro) aa. in Spain i 
 by Alvarea Gomea, in PortuKal ; by Ci^et«n 
 and Ludovico Nogarola, in Italy t by Coch> 
 laut, in Germany i and by a boat of doctora 
 in tha Catholic world, who obeyed the 
 Toice of their conaciance, and not their 
 appatitea. In taking up their pen in her 
 behalf, to uia tha aapraaaion of Cardinal 
 Pola.(«) 
 
 good lord, my lord of Willthlre.— It may 
 pluaae your worship to be adveriieed (bat the 
 klnii'i Rrace nnd my Lady Anne he in good 
 healih, whereof th«uka be to Ood.—Todd. 
 
 (<i) Invenil quidera aliqune ted ei Ua fuoe 
 iama magia quam famea moveret. 
 
 CHAPTER XXIV. 
 
 HENRY. HEAD OP THE CHURCH.— 1510>1&31. 
 
 riaher denanneea to the Huom uf Peer* the prtjeeU of the Ar|8loeraey agalnet the Clergy.— Blea 
 of Cromwell. — Hie interview with the King.— The Clergy eondelaned by the ttalttle of Ptwmuitbt. 
 —They acknowledge Heniy «a the Head of the Church.— Tonatall protests against this title.— 
 Meseage to Katharine.— Clement VII. writes (o th.t King.- Henry's reply. -Abolition of the 
 Annates.— A A«sh coup HM against the Clergy. — Brief sgaliul Henry's eobabliing with Anne 
 Boleyn.— More resigns his oflea aa Ohanoellor. — Family scene at Chelsee. 
 
 m 
 
 Ribioious England waa on tha edge oft 
 preoipioa. Had Clement VIL refuaed to 
 grant the divorce, the Duke of Norfolk, 
 tha Earl of WUtehire, the Duke of Suffolk, 
 and other membefa of the cabinet, whoae 
 plana the Biabop of Bayonna revealed aa 
 if in play,(*) were detarminad to cut thia 
 Oordian knot by appenliuK to ParUament. 
 IVy aapeeially aeamad to wis at humbling 
 nod robbing tha elargj, lieing aaaured that 
 their property, which would JUl to the 
 would b* divided mbodk ito 
 
 l»)8M«h^XXI. 
 
 turea.(^ Fiaber aaw through tha plot, and 
 boldly oenounced it in the Houae of Lorda. 
 in 1S39- " I have juat been informed, my 
 lorda, thai n motion baa bern made for tha 
 euppreaalon of orrtain monaaMriaa, whoao 
 raveauaa will pasa into the handa of the 
 
 event of Clement jteraitting in 
 ofWUlsbire.lho 
 
 (k) In the 
 his reftiaal. Norfolk, the Earl 
 Duke of Suffolk, and odiere of the cabinet, 
 had determined that it should be diaaolved by 
 the abeulute authority of Parliament, firom the 
 obeequioueneae vt which tbev expeetad to be 
 able to carry their deeigns fur the tefi«|Kia- 
 tieo of a htrga portion of the annlMlaaHwil 
 I aad tithaa.— Tytler. 
 
lb* poor qa«Ml It 
 baan unfortunaU if 
 I noM to dtftnd h«r 
 owtver, war* warmlj 
 Bitho|i uf Rocbaatcr > 
 hop of Bristol I and 
 , in EiiglMnd i hjp 
 Sapulvvda, Alphonau 
 «sco Ro) aa. In Spain i 
 PurtuKal ; by Ci^Un 
 >U, in Italy i by C<ioh- 
 id by a boat of docttira 
 Id, who ubayed tha 
 i«DM, and not thair 
 up their pen in bar 
 ipracaion of Cardinal 
 
 of Wlllthira.— It may 
 I be adveriiaed (hat the 
 Lady Anna be in good 
 I be to Ood.— Todd. 
 •liquiia acd ea iia f ooa 
 a movarat. 
 
 Ufu ow wnn tiii. 
 
 Wt 
 
 Si. 
 
 lainst tha Clargy.— Blaa 
 ha atalal* of AwmmIiw. 
 laau acainst thia dtla.— 
 reply. — Abolition of iha 
 'a eobabitinf with Ansa 
 
 throiuth tha plot, and 
 n the Houae of Lorda. 
 at been inA>nned, my 
 baa bern nwda for tha 
 n roonaatariaa, whoat 
 nto the handa of tha 
 
 r Clement _peraiatinff in 
 ieBarlofWUiabira,iho 
 odiera of the cabinet, 
 ItabonldbedlMolTadbjr 
 of Parliament, fk«m im 
 ch they expaetad to b» 
 lifns fur the teftopria- 
 >a of the ennlMlaHtDal 
 
 king. Thia maaaura haa been ooloured by a 
 pretended aeal for the intereaia of religion ( 
 but, my lorda, I fuar, and I candidly acknow- 
 ledge my apprahanaiun, that men are now 
 barraiaing thamaelvee, not eo much for the 
 good, as tha gondt, of the Chureh.(*) 
 What mean all tboae petitiona to the Cuin- 
 mont agAinat a portion of tha clergy t 
 What baneflt will accrue tn the petitionrra 
 by three melanchaly recriminationa ? Do 
 Ihry deaire to unchain the apirit of opposi- 
 tion against tha clergy, to bnng ahnut a 
 struggle between the priest and the laithful, 
 and, during ita pending, to lay handa on 
 sacerdotal properly f I implore you, my 
 lords, to oome to the aid of your country, 
 your religion, your Holy Mother, the 
 Cathollo Church. You well know that tha 
 people are erer ready lo embrace novelties, 
 and Lutheranism is eren now knock ing at 
 .our door. Is it necessary for me to remind 
 you of the anarchy in which religioua 
 dlsputaa hare involred Bohemia and Oar- 
 many t Reaiat, then, thia apirit which now 
 manaeaa no i reject the project of the Com- 
 mona, or be aaasured tiiat an approaching 
 revolution will make yoa tremble for your 
 country, your fluth, and your institu- 
 tiona."(b) The prophetic words of the old 
 man prodocad no littla aensation in tha 
 houaa. The Duke of Norfolk fait deeply 
 wounded by the epeecb, being aaaurad that 
 it waa lereUed at him, and, consequently, 
 thus replied to it : " I have, my Lord of 
 RoeheaUr, rem ^ad eartain inainuations 
 in your apeaeh which yoa ban acted wrongly 
 in giving ottaiuce to. Happily we know 
 that the dignitaiiaa of tha Church ara not 
 alwaya the beat conaeallora." "And I," 
 replied tha biahop. " hava never aeen oour- 
 tiera who have been equal to the digniuriea 
 of tha Chureh."(a) The Commons requeated 
 their Speaker (Audley) to axpraaa their die. 
 satiaflMtion to tha king at Fiaher'a conduct, 
 and Henry eoosequentiy reoommended tha 
 prelate to be more eautioiu for the fiiture. 
 
 (•) Motwithatanding the extraordinary 
 anxiety profeesed fbr the reformation of the 
 vioiona livea of the clergy, eomething makes 
 me easadct that it is not ao much tha good, aa 
 the gdhis. of the Chnreh which men are now 
 looUngafker.— Tytler. 
 
 (hi T>wl. Hist of Entfaad. 
 
 (•) TjtJer. 
 
 It wae deelrable to try the docility 
 of Parliament The reader will doubC 
 leae remember that, during the adminia- 
 tration of Wolaay, the king found himself 
 obliged to borrow large sums of money 
 from hie subJecU. This tax, known 
 by tha name of BtnnnUnet, had an- 
 noyed the city merohaots, who, van* 
 quiahad by the crafty eloquence of the 
 miniater, bad rubbed thamaelvee, aome of 
 their jewels, others of their pi .le, others 
 again of their money, and aome bad given 
 their aignaturea, which waa an equivalent 
 for money, for the uae of hie mi^sty.(d) 
 8ecuritiee had been given to the oreditora 
 of the autei i.*., pieoee of paper bearing 
 the king'e aignature, which, having passed 
 from hand to hand, had gone the round of 
 England. The period of exchange having 
 arrived, tha debtor wae unwilling either to 
 discharge his liability or become a bankrupt! 
 a bill waa accordingly presented, liberating 
 his majeety Arom thaaa debts. To Justify 
 this theft, it waa stated in the bill that tha 
 national proaperity under Hanry'a paUmal 
 government abould induce bia well-belovad, 
 Mtbful, and loyal aub,iecu to remit him* 
 that which he owed them. 'Ilia bill paasad 
 the Houee of Lorda without oppoaition, 
 and the Commooa, after a ftw inaigniAcant 
 femarke.(*) 
 
 Still it waa not difficult to aee that Henry 
 waa by no meaae at ease, hia counta- 
 nance betraying signs of sorrow. Neither 
 time, gold, craft, corruption, or skilAil 
 agenu bad been able to overcome the coo* 
 rageoua obatinaqy of the Pope. After a 
 diaeussion of fonr yeare the question of the 
 divorce had not advanced a atep, and aa on 
 tha first day it still remained im ttalu fiw, 
 Henry no^ appeared to regret that ha had 
 entered on an endleaa question, and it was 
 even reported that b« oomphuned of having 
 been deceived i aud exprcesed hie determi- 
 nation to abandon a pudeet which ha could 
 never, aa far ia ha ooiiil aee, biing to a 
 euceeufal ieeue.(0 Anne Boleyn waa in- 
 formed of the state of her royal lover'a 
 mind, and believed that her cauaa was loat 
 
 Bpist. 
 
 See chap. XV. 
 
 Lingard. ^CoUier.—Baraet. 
 
 Apol Reg. PoU ad Oand. ▼, Oa 
 
bini or aaviif ntt. 
 
 
 ll«v«MMih«»Mdof MMblawr Cra». 
 w«U mm* to k«r fMcua. A f«w dt,j% Uim 
 WoUty't r>ll,r«vm«lith •niarMl UaaMtor't 
 Mt«-ch«iiib«r, Mid naar um of lb* windowi 
 p«rc«tv«d TkomM Croa««ll, who, whilo 
 waUtng for th« ewdinal, «m MyloK touM 
 ffnymn with hia •)•• flilad with iMura. 
 AeUiaUii hf a fcelinn ef coiapaMtos h« 
 «P|iroMh«d CroinwtU, etad mM. " Whf an 
 jrott crytnii I la mj m t Mn in daniar I" 
 "No," raplM Cromwall. shutttBii hi« book 
 Awl wipUHi Ua ajm, " I am vary miarrabia. 
 1 laaa ail ebaaca of anae m bj luvkiif aarvad 
 bU graoa wMi Mo Boeb ■c^" " Bui jreu 
 bavo deaa noihtBn for hin which can poa- 
 aibl7 bart yon i" addad Cavandiah. *' Ob, 
 —, M^ aartaialf mI i but all ia loat Tho 
 auaMiwM oaauiaa of tha oardinal bat* aad 
 daapiaa aoa, and thai aa you nay wall ima* 
 (iaa wiihauk tba aliffhtaat raaaoD. I oan 
 bopa for aotlunn mora from my lord, and 
 1 inuod Immedialaiy afUr diaoar laanriDg 
 fbr London, and to aaak i^y fortWM at 
 oourfC*) 
 
 Cromwall lafk Bahar that vary oraainf, 
 aad OB tba morrow, by maana of pr aaaota, 
 pofohaaad tba protaction of attma of tha 
 nlaiatara, and waa aooa aftar amploytd by 
 tba kiTf in Iba oflica ha had fUad undar 
 ¥r'o^y. tba auparintandanoa of tha oon- 
 vtau aaeulansad by the oardiaal, and 
 wboaa auppraaaioa bad baan a aouiea of 
 Ulieit profit to tba nnCutblol aarvaat^^) 
 Tha paopla who iroaffinad that, lika DudUy, 
 ha w«uld hart baan brouKbl to tba loalluld, 
 aa tha raward lor bia variona robboriaab 
 wait aoch aatoniabad oa aaa t a g bha laava 
 tba palaca with a aniliaR aoaataaaaca, aad 
 aacoitad by a anmarooa tiaia of MHrtiara.(«) 
 Tbia unfftatafttl aarrant, thia faithlam ad< 
 m i n iat r ator, oondannad to tba block by 
 popolar IndinnatioB, waa d aat iaad by hk 
 vi«a and fall to alarm Rngland. Son of a 
 ftdlar, in tha viaiaky of Lundoa. Crona- 
 wrU(<) bad, whan vary yoaag. antarad tha 
 aanriea of tba Ooka of BootImb, and waa 
 praaaat at tba aacUng of Boma, in mj, 
 Uviag lika bia coauadaa on nardar and 
 
 fa) OaToadiab. 
 
 I ^) Wurdawortii'a Bcclaaiaatlcal Bionaphy. 
 
 I •) Pol. Apol. 
 
 (') Hia raal aaoM waa Gmmwrili and ha 
 algaa Ua nama aa ki all tha lotMiB axiaat taiiha 
 Britiah Mnaaiua. 
 
 Pailiiaad wMi tU Iwll •/ aotlva 
 ba aaiaaad aa a cl«rk to a Vaaatiaa 
 tbant, and kapt bia bo.ika.(<) it hm 
 baaa ataiod, oa good authority, thai ba 
 apont hia idW houra ia Nadinw MachkvolUi 
 but at tba period u( tha awkinii of Room 
 tba Plorantiiia aacrtury luul not puhliabad 
 hia tr«at)M Dt Prinript, wbiefa CremTrall 
 la aaid to bara ragardad aa bia Brariary. 
 Ha waa, howaver. ia waal of ao maatar, 
 baiaf una of that claaa who, to gain bia 
 ol^t, would oooanat to ba rirtuooa, 
 providad rirtua obtaiaod bim digaitiaa 
 or fortuaai and If plaoad batwaaa good 
 and avil, would dacida aftar muek aad 
 aarioua raflaotion i |iaaaira inatramtnta 
 of tha powar to which thay aold than^ 
 aalraai trua mntaa of tha aaragUo, raady 
 at tha Aral aignal to uaa, on tba victim 
 pointad out, axaeution, tha ktilih, or aotd. 
 It ofian bappana that a alara of thia elaaa 
 ia inapirad by an avil angal, aa nolbing, 
 naitbar tbair thooMbta nor thair arma, ap- 
 partain to thait individuality i thay tall 
 avcry thing, rvon tbair night draama, U thay 
 ean ba turnad into naa, to tbair Oud. Now 
 Cromwall waa fivourad with ona of thaaa 
 viaiona, and ba baiuaad (o ralata It to 
 Haniy. Ha aougbt and obtained an 
 andianca with Haary. Henry waa azpaot- 
 ing him. Cromwall, on hia knaeo, apolo- 
 giaad at Aral for bia praaumption, m vaa> 
 taring, aa an humbia aubjaet, to adviaa bia 
 aovanign, but ba oould no kmgar ba ailaal 
 aiaoa ba bad wiloaaaad tba auia^ of bit 
 royal marlar. danry bid Mm riaa, aad 
 aaooar^ad hia pnilandad timkiity by amUaa 
 aad kind worda. Than &wmw^, who 
 pratendad to ba graatly firightaaad. th«a 
 eommaaoad : "Tba ^uaation lU tha divorcat 
 tha aolutkm of wbi«b ia of aiwh Import* 
 aaea to tba kkig'a paaaa of mind aa watt h 
 ta tha tmnquiUity of ^ kfaigdoati baa aol 
 baaa eonduetad with lafleiaot rinolntioa 
 by tba adviona of tha erown. 1^ daaU 
 aUMM of tha Univaraitiaib tho opiabaa of 
 thadogiana, tha taxt of LaviUoua, tha aan* 
 t«Ma of tba Patbara, ia htH, •wttf Ihtaif 
 that oan pacify tha moat timoroua «o»> 
 ioioDca ia la favour of tha diVoroa i bat Iba 
 approbatkm rf tha Popa hal baaa ia vain 
 
 (•) AyoL Rag. Pol. 
 
wMt tU toil vf Mthra 
 M • cl«rk io • V«a«liaa 
 t bia bo.ikt.(*) it Hm 
 od aathorttjr, thai b* 
 lniM(UBi||Macbtev«IU| 
 f tb« MckiiiK of iUoM 
 tarj kxl oot pHblUbad 
 neipe, vrbieh Crsamll 
 •rd«d M bis Bftviaiy. 
 ia wMit of so oMator, 
 Jmo who, Io gsia bk 
 Mat Io bo Tirtaooa, 
 iMaod bia dinoiliM 
 plMod botwoni good 
 tcido afUr maoh tad 
 
 |MMiv« liMtramcnU 
 bicb lb«x Mid Ibaia- 
 of tbo MranUo, roady 
 to UM, on Um vlcUai 
 ion, th« kntfib or ooid. 
 i«t a ilatra of Ibia oIim 
 ivil aoffvl, •• Bothiaf, 
 bto nor tboir traa, ap- 
 dividaalUjri Ihajr tall 
 lir aifibt draana, U thay 
 MM, to Ibair Oud. Now 
 ir«d with ona of thaaa 
 •taaad (o raUta U to 
 bt and obtained an 
 y, Uenrjr waa axpaot- 
 I, on hia knaa», apolo- 
 ia praaampUon, in Ton> 
 B aubjtct, to adviaa bia 
 uld no lonf ar ba ailant 
 laad tba auit^ of bit 
 irjr bid Mni riao, aiad 
 ndad liniditf bf amUaa 
 Than Qvmwall, who 
 raaUf fH||kMa*d. th«a 
 luaatioo of tha dlvotca, 
 «b la of aiwh Uiport« 
 Moa of mind aa wait M 
 ' ik» ktosdon, haa not 
 ■k MBeiaot r«ioiotioa 
 tha erowQ. 1%a da«i> 
 aiiiatb tha opiniona of 
 
 of LariUona, tha aa»> 
 a, in (hot, »w9ry Maig 
 a BBoat UmonHM ao»> 
 ofthadiVoraai bollho 
 Popa hal baoa in vain 
 
 Raf . PoL 
 
 Un Of ■■MM Vlll. 
 
 M9 
 
 Ibr Iha laal two jaaia. If 
 aaaMMil roAiaaa, la Iha klan eonpaUad Io 
 aabaU to Iha a^wiall of tha Poaliff t How 
 did tha Oaraun prineaa bahava wban Roma 
 rafViaad to Uatan :o thair oomplainta I Tbay 
 daeldad Iha quaation lh*aiaalr«a.(*) Could 
 not Iha King of Bnglaad, by tha authority 
 of bia ParllaaMM. daoiaia hImMlf Haad 
 of Iha Churah la bia kingdom t Bngland 
 at that momani waa Uka a moaalar with 
 two haada i lat Iha klag aaiaa on an autho- 
 rily uaurpad by a foraign Pontiff i lot hia 
 ba tba Pontiff of hIa elargy. and tha elargy, 
 whoaa fortunaa and Uvaa would ba In hIa 
 banda, would tfoablindly obay bia. Tha 
 priaat awaara allagiaoca to tha king, hut ha 
 alao awaara to ba faithful to tha Popai ao 
 that tha king it bat half a aovartign, and 
 tha pHaat but half a aubjaol." 
 
 Haniy, wbila liataning to Cromwoll, 
 aaamad aa if ha had hot Jual awoka f^a 
 a long aleap. Ha lookad on him aa a moa- 
 Mngar aont from haarani for ba apoka 
 to him of a donbla royalty,— that ovar tha 
 body, which ha had but iaparfaetly, and 
 that over tlia aool, which a atrangar bayond 
 tha Alpa axardaad. Hanry. who, Uka a 
 auoraaafnl garohlar, eonld aearcaly baMava 
 in tba axiatonea of aueb happinaaa, wiahad 
 to know how ha eould boooaa maatar of 
 thia doubla diadam. 
 
 Cromwall, omholdanad by hia raeeaaa, 
 read to tha king tba oath wwoh iha hiabop 
 took to tha Popa on tha day of hia eonae- 
 cration, and pointed out to hia mal/utj that 
 thia oath eonatitntad a erima of Iraaaon, 
 puniahabla by tba lawa of tha kingdom in 
 tha Ubarty and propai^ af tha ealpril.(<>) 
 
 So muoh for tba body. Tha aool would 
 com* of hor own aoeord. Mcwa than a 
 eantuiy baflata, (Slat Janoaijr, 1401,) tha 
 Pkrliaaaant aaaamblad by Hanry IV. had 
 ra^naolad oortaia anaiant atatuta*, dating 
 from tha fvigna of Bdward Hi. and Richard 
 II , and which had laeaivod tha name of 
 /Vmimlrf.(*) 
 
 (■) Qromwall baoaaa a ftoaalyto to tha Pro« 
 taataat faith.—Thanaoo. 
 
 (b) Thia paaMga ia taken tram Reginald 
 Pole, who adda t ^That ha heard it aliAmn 
 actually 
 
 peraooa actuaUy ataaaat." 
 adopted by aU ihaklatariaM. 
 {•) Rapla da Thoyiaa.— •< 
 poaad to ba a aairaptka of 
 
 HIa aoeouat ia 
 
 laaap- 
 
 By virtu* nf Ihaa* aote. the clergy 
 Ibrbiddan to aua fbr proviatone at tba Court 
 of Roma, or to bring before Iha acelaaia^ 
 Ileal tribunate onuaae. which came within 
 tha province of the eecular Judgee. Any 
 ona Infringing thie law, waa compelled hjr 
 virtue of a writ, ooamancing with tha 
 worde, PrmmmUn /teUs, to appear bafara 
 tha Court of King'a Beach i conAaealion 
 of hia property during Iha king'a plaaaura, 
 waa tha aentonoo inflicted on tha culprit. 
 Thaaa atatutoa had long fallen Into daaua- 
 tude, but tha law had never been repealed. 
 Tha king gananlly granted latlera of Uaanaa 
 or protactioo to thooa who wtra in a ritaft* 
 Mon conlravanad by thaaa atatalaa. 
 
 Wolaay waa ampowerod under tha gNM 
 aaal to axarciaa the authority of legato MNt> 
 farrad on him. ArreaUd on thia cliarga, ha 
 oonfeaee<l himaalf guilty aa to tha violatioa 
 of the atatuto of iV wiianfra. Tha eWgy 
 of Bngland having in a body acknowhtdgod 
 tba authority of Wolaay, an authority 
 axeroieed contrary to the lawa of the realm, 
 ware in like manner guilty of tha aama 
 crime I and that erima puniahabla aa wa 
 have aaen, by conflacation of property and 
 impriaonmant.(^ What reward could ha 
 conferred on a aenmnt who had diaoovarad 
 in the archivra of legiahktiun an act by which 
 the aovrreign would obtain mora aonay 
 than he had apent aincc hia acceaaion to 
 tha throne) A plare in the king'a Privy 
 CoonotI, which he immediately olitain«d.(*) 
 The following morning'a aun witnasaed a 
 aoana unparallalad avan in the annula of 
 paganiam, via., thoa«mda of Chrialiaoa wtra 
 giiUty, without thafar knowledge^ of high 
 titaaon, and completely at tha mercy of tha 
 king, both aa to their property and paraona. 
 Tiberiua could not have beaa taat^ ingenioaa 
 than CromwelL Hanry loat no timai on 
 the morrow ha aent for tha Atiomay 
 Oenaral, who waa inatructed to aumroon a^ 
 the Anglican clergy bafora tha Kiug'a 
 Bench, and taking off a ring from hia flngert 
 Hanry gave it to Cromwall, anihoiiaing 
 him to aummon the convocation. The con- 
 vocation, it., tha ao c l c a i aa t i ca l ayaod, 
 waa divided, Uka tha PhrUarDant into two 
 
 f<lj Lingard.— Tyilcr. 
 
 Biographia Britannica, Vrt OnnnwaU. 
 
 » 
 
•St 
 
 Lire or NB««T nn. 
 
 
 \i 
 
 
 I; 
 
 r 
 
 «■ 
 
 
 1 1 ill* N|lfiav olMmlMr ri»nt> "MmI >f lh« 
 •f«hbMho|ia, bubnpa, mi<1 iniirad »blM«a } 
 tlM Www, of priMU of Ml Infaflor or4«r.(*) 
 IV fbJUr't aon took hit imi on tk« bUbopa' 
 baaoh. Mid tftor harinf rMil iIm darrM 
 •Mpow t rian him lo kct, b« ipoka raapMttnf 
 Um aJlaKtanc* whioh arwry F-nxlUkman, 
 Whathar eUrk or lake, owad ta hla aovaraiKB, 
 IIm rip a aaanutira of 0«d on aarth. Nona 
 ■ndaralood hi* diifl. Tha mambar* of iba 
 eonvoaailon lookad at ona anolkar, and paid 
 ■• altantlon to iba apaabar. CioiBwaU 
 baoMia f radualljr anlnatad, and aooa, at if 
 •paaking tha faalinua of hia haart, ao«ua«4i 
 ftll piMtnt of hiKli traaa<>n anl rrlonjrt of 
 bi(h traaaon, inaamiK-h aa tb* wbola clerical 
 body had rioUtail tha atatuta nf Prtmmnu-t, 
 in auboiiuinf to tha authority <>f a I'lato 
 vbo had acknowladfiad kimaalf to b« guiltf 
 ti ki(h traaaon i of falooy, ainc* rrary 
 tnhbiahop, biahop, abbot, and prtaat, had 
 lakoa an oath of allafiaaea to tha Pupa, 
 ovary w»H of which waa eoniftiry to tha 
 fifhta of tbatr lof Uimata aorarcixn i tvo 
 erimaa provided for by tha ataiutaa of 
 Edward III, and Riobard II.. aeJ puf<iah- 
 dila bj tb« low* of tha kingdooi b/ iia- 
 pHaoniMot and conAacatloo i^ pmpartf >(k) 
 
 0* baorioii thia alinular oocnaatioo, tha 
 darcy. at trat oonlaaa, bacomo aieltad, 
 andaavoorad to apoak, UfM a|> thair ayaa 
 aod handa to bastva, and gava rant to 
 tbair indtfoaUoB by nvrsaura or «riaat 
 batCiooiwaU raf^onad to brat tham, and 
 iMiftd, afUr lollinK ibani that tb«y miitht, 
 frofidid tbay rapantad, obtain tbair 
 pafdon. whiob tba prtma wm »«<uly to 
 grut th«ni.(*) Tha nattar had b«an boldly 
 oomnaiiead, tad tba kinpr bad intrua^ it 
 loCromwall. 
 
 lima day* aftar, {Jaottaiy, ISSl,) two 
 qaaatlona ware laid b«rfbraomTQ«ation, flrat 
 wbatbar a nitrriafca batwcaa a brother and 
 aiatar-b.iaw w«a prohibitad by the Diviao 
 lawi and aacoodly, whathw the marriag* 
 botwaaa tha Ffiaoa Arthur aad tha Prineaa* 
 KatharUM of ArragoB bad been coaaua- 
 ■ntad. Tba diaouaaioa wu not of ioag 
 daiatioB I both qoeatioBa were dadded la 
 tba afflroiatiTe. Tbe king waa highly 
 
 II 
 
 at Rapia da Tkoyiaa. 
 
 Tytlar. 
 a) Oatta.— Herbert— Tytlar. 
 
 wMi bte Irat vWtory. Re 
 a«w. aritb a aafb oonerience, eieep ia tka 
 aaoM abode aa Anne Beieya. Hew wet* 
 the r<*r||)r. who had violated tha aiaiale af 
 Pfmmmmirt, to aacapa the punlubmeni wbi«k 
 tbay bad unwilltaglf ineurrad> 'lit*; 
 wtr« plainly told that Miaa*y aloaa would 
 paeifjr tha oflaadad aovaraiga. Tu ebiala 
 thair pardon, tharefora, tbay ofbrrd him 
 £! 00,000, and left tba coavecatiiMi but to 
 return agaia ehonly i for, a thinn unheard 
 of, the king had actually rafuead tba 
 BMney, aad woald not aeeapt it, aalaaa tbay 
 eonaaatad to introduce Into tba preoiabla 
 of the Act of Oonatioa, a «l..iiae racufqleing 
 bin aa protector, and ohiaf bead of lb* 
 Church end clerKy of KnKlaiid.(') Tba 
 m^rlty of tba meoabar* of tha eoarocatlAa 
 ware prieata eorrupted by epaallh, aad foio 
 huatera, aearcaly taking a thoogbt iragardo 
 ioil(*) tha aottio of tbair io«>ki ano wbo 
 poatcaaed not area that golden wing, aa 
 tka poat ealla aciaaea, wkarawllb |k*y 
 might fly to Ood. Oaa voi«* alooa aa thai 
 day protaated agaiaat iaaolaat aad irfotiant 
 {^teaaiona, and that waa tha <i«w Bi«bep 
 of Doriiaai, wbo bad Juet awccr«dad the 
 "trat blabop ia petlieoata," that bad 
 occupied ona of the teoti of BoglaiHl i tor 
 Aooa Bolaya bad. tiirougb the pkllastry «f 
 bar royal lour, taa d yad tbe ravanaaa of the 
 diocao* of Darbaa for mot* ^aa a 
 tw*lTaia9atb.O 
 
 It wia Tooataii, who» in l»a9, had bo- 
 •ought Braaiau* by C-m PMotoua tUuod tbal 
 J BIO* CHBiar had ahr^d kt tbe rad«m|i> 
 tioa of ^a wnrtd to delWad tbe Papal 
 aoibority aitaokad by l<athar,(i) lb* ooffa> 
 cpoadeat el one of tbe laoet abl* n*B«h> 
 mea of dk* day. (Badaua.) to wbaoi ha 
 addraa a ad latter* tbal laa o ia d lo hav* baa* 
 written with boaey aa4 Migar.(^) TubIbII 
 aroae to ptot**l agiiiitt tbi* art oa tha 
 part of Hoary t " If tb* nqoirad qIMm 
 flMaMto*«Mrt Oial the kiag it tha bead 
 of tb* tenaporaliti**, it ia uaa la* *, fbr w« 
 wbo ara bare wilUagly ackaowledga It 
 to b* tba OB** I bol if tha BMaaNh «iah*a I* 
 
 I*) Liagaid. 
 M Skakaaaan. 
 (0 Wbo tk>i* 1 
 N4apollh.Ba|il 
 
 (t>) Braa. Epit. 
 
 the Jlnt 
 BMUah ok*tak.->Ho»ard: 
 — iflat. XXU., U. 
 - 11., w. 
 
Ink fMnff. tf« 
 lonwUnca, sImii ta tM 
 iiM ioi«7«. Haw wart 
 A violated (b« tuiate *l 
 IMlh* punUlinMnt whkk 
 laglf inaurr«ii> IIm; 
 Jiat nioa«7 alona would 
 1 Mvoralga. To obula 
 •fora, iktj ofbrrd him 
 
 tba eoovonotiuM but to 
 jri for, a ihiim nnliMrd 
 
 aeluall/ rafuMKi ih« 
 not aoMpt It, anlMa tbty 
 idttca Into tha prcambla 
 lion, a el..(ia« racufqlving 
 
 and obiaf haad of iba 
 r of BnM)and.(') Tba 
 ■ban of tha aoarooaHoi 
 itod bf waalih, aad foi< 
 iklitK a tbovf bt r«f«rd. 
 )f Ibair 1lo4>k, ano wbo 
 1 Ibat foldan villi, M 
 iaoea, wharawilb thay 
 
 Una voka alona on «b«l 
 m iaaolaiit and irititant 
 bal waa tha mw Binhop 
 bad Juat ■wc<-i-«(tad Ika 
 
 patlieoato," that k»i 
 M us** of Boflasd I Ibr 
 Ihroofli tha pkllaKtr)" of 
 rivad tha ra<ron<Ma at tlia 
 MS for man thaia a 
 
 UVI dV Mg«Ht VIM. 
 
 •It 
 
 who» in l«a9, had b*> 
 
 i^a pMoloua lUood lb*! 
 1 aliKd tat tha radamp* 
 
 to daNod tha Papai 
 bf Latkar^m tha eon*> 
 
 tba iBoat abla Vnutik' 
 Badaua,) to wlwa ha 
 Ml maad to haw iMa* 
 tc<t aa|(«r.(*) Tbaaiall 
 Riiittt tiila act oa tk« 
 If tba raqoirad elkOfN 
 H tha klof it tha h«4t 
 ■i it ia u a a laa a, Ibr w« 
 lUoffly ackaovladi* k 
 if tka mmmnIi wiahaa to 
 
 tha Jktt 
 i okatoku— Howard. 
 I. XXU., M. 
 
 a Pafia, It la ^MtMry to ika 4oe< 
 iMaa of tha Uiiur«b. ami wa warn klia not 
 «o iiM>i<lta wtih Ibat wbieH la b(ily.'*(*) Not 
 aaa uf iKa i«*iabara of tha (oavocaltoa tiad 
 tka rourafa lo applaud tka bkboiit but 
 all. an tha ODnlrary, andaavuurad by aooa 
 Aiaarabla fi|MKlt««t or oibar to ooma t<i 
 tarma with thair ooaactanaaa. /ftar a 
 lannibaiMd aad ladtoua dtapula, it waa at 
 Ual ai|ra«d on, In ■eeordtnea with a pro> 
 poallioti rnada by Warbaai, Arahbiabop 
 of (^Atarbiiry, tb4t Iba elarny abuulil 
 aekauwladu* (bt kin|( at tlia Aral protaotor, 
 tha only and titprama lord of il a Chumh 
 aad clariiy of BoKland. aa Ibr aa waa par. 
 aiitiatl by tha law of ('hritt. f»m»tmm ptr /«. 
 ftai ChfUli Meraf >(*>) a wrateSad paranlbaala 
 introduoad by Warbam, )-«oaaaa it tandad 
 to i*ialida*' .oa elalm inatlaby llanry, and 
 would aliow a fbw aouracaooa a<i«la m r«|aot 
 a lupr a aia c y oppoaad to Ilia law of Cbri«i,(*) 
 Tba kinf a* fl-at aaocaad ollVndad as ibia 
 rattriaUon on tka maaning of tktir oatk. 
 Ua aanl for tha royal ooamiaaionara, and 
 kkkM addraaaad ibam ; " Bf tba holy Mulhar 
 of Qod, you hava playad na a yrtHf 
 trkk 1 tknufiht to kava rnada fboU of 
 •or Wakopat kul Iba' kava nudb a aonw 
 plata fool of ma. Kakura to tba oonTo«a- 
 lion. and ul| Ikatt I ariak to bava aolkinc 
 to do with aitkar thair kmltmt or thair 
 fnaMNiaia; kM all I raqoira ia implicit 
 obadianaa.'^') Tka Unf waa at Ingtk 
 appaeaad, akd aUswad tka niaa iMw to pnaa, 
 and with kki aam kaad ai|i«ad tka bittara 
 of pardon, wktek tha elargjr raraivad witb 
 avary mark of anltiKnad Joy. Tba oon- 
 voaalioa la Mm nortb aditptad tka mom 
 fnnauia, and tbaaJia to a donation of 
 <ll.8«0t, obkaaad tba mm fr;Ma.(*) 
 
 •) WUklaa' OMMllla. 
 •trypa. 
 Lb^nL 
 
 MMhat af Qod I Too kt/a play'd a 
 1 tkawtfit to ka«« »a>«a ibola 
 aw, yon kafa aa aistoiad Ika 
 Ikat tkay ara Ukaly to aaka a to»l of 
 r, a. ikay kava dona of yao altaady. Oo 
 ttaio Ibaa tifato, aad lat ■• ha«« tka btotnaaa 
 pataad wilteal aay taaataai ar tantnia. I 
 will bava no awaaiaam aar no taatnai tai iba 
 bualaaM. bat lat il ka tsmt. Tka Lilb and 
 Uaatb af tba raaawari John fUkn, Blabop 
 af H a a b aa t tr, by Tboa. Ballay, DO., London. 
 1740. 
 
 I ) Oi\Jita atnipiUrani prataolotoni nnioaai 
 aiK praniunidu«iauai,atfiuataafacOhriati 
 
 Hanry wm «tUI ■ndatarmtnad bow to aa( 
 with rvnard In tttma i l)»<l Ht ii ', alarinad 
 at tbaaa atep^ ytaldad. and graaiaU Ika 
 divoraa, tlui qualifying tWuto am^ld bara 
 uaan aipuni|a<l.(*) Tba bill mat wiib no 
 oppoaition in ilia lloua* of Lonia i but tba 
 Cominofia «l flrat rrfuaaii ihair conaanti 
 not Ibat tba mambara wtio raaarvad tkalv 
 opiniona baliarad that tha rl||hu of tbair 
 oonaoiaooao war* atta«kad, but baeauaa, ra* 
 larillnK thamaalvaa aa culpablt aa tba 
 buhopa, th«y wi*had to ba protacia<l by aa 
 aol of aanaaiy from iha royal angar, 
 Inforiaad by tbia oppoaiiion, Hanry aani 
 for tbair Hpaakar, AudUy, and inquirad 
 why tha Commtint bal darad to ravoll 
 af ainat tba clamaocy of tbair aovaroiNn, a« ' 
 if ka had aol tha powar of pardoning 
 whan and whoa ha wiaha I, aa if ha raqiiirad 
 authority from hiv lubjaou to show iltatn 
 laareyr AuU'ay, who f4iibfhlly dalivarad 
 tba koyal maaaaga to lha liuuaf, waa in«t 
 arith rnly ojalanokoly facoa. What oould 
 (bay do to |ia«ify tba king t 
 
 Mom, on tba morrow, put an and M 
 lhair aufTarinira, by infnrniing tham that 
 hia mi^iaaty. aailaflad by tbair compunoCion, 
 had Rrantad tkaa tka aaoM pardon aa ka 
 bad graeioualy vouabaafad to tba elargy. 
 Oo announeiog to llian on tba Slit May, 
 Iba pmrogatioo of Parliaoiant, ha haggad 
 tb«a to lat it ba gaoarally kaoarn ia tka 
 raapaotiTa ooaatlaa that Hanry bad r^ 
 oovand bia paaca of niad, «a tba oMat 
 oalabratad uaivaraiilaa in tJia world bad 
 proaooBMd ia fkvoar of tba diroraat aad 
 tkat kia alargy kad aaaetioaad tka aantonaa 
 of tka aalioiwl aad foraign acad^aiaa. 
 Tboaa ooUagaa aad nonaatariaa which bad 
 not boao includad in tba ganaral amnaalf 
 arara eompallad to parlay diractly witb 
 Hanry i nora gnilty than the otbara, inaa- 
 n«;b aa thay want waaltkiar, thay wara 
 obliffad, in .irdar to parohaaa thair pardon, 
 to naka mora aapla eoneaaaiona. Tha 
 Daminicana of London porchaaod tbair 
 pardon, only aaraaarvadly acknowladging 
 
 ■cgoa lioaat, atiaai aoptannai eavot tpaina 
 ■Mkaialam racognoaobnua.-Wilkioa Concilia 
 -— Gooooaaio Aula in aynodo provineiali aa; 
 ctamm Oaatnarianaia provincia pro domlnO 
 ma.—Bx rot., Olana. XXII., Haury VIIL, 
 in 19, An. <•( Rymar Feeder*. X(V., 413. 
 {') Llagaid. . . 
 
 9 t 
 
It« 
 
 Ufa 09 ■■•It vitt. 
 
 
 i V 
 
 ?i 
 
 Hmrf M lH« t«|>nM« NmmI af tiM (Tliiircb, 
 Mi4 b««lovini| na lil« » pottton ol lb«tf 
 
 r««af4 iIm t»n) inaumtf |injtMi««l. In ilia 
 «««• U lh« Churoh, M***** ***'• iMbavl'ttir 
 •I lli« [)omtalr*ii«, M<1 ikM •ipiaWd hl« 
 AK'iMf M« «*f wo k MM . til* only OM (Him- 
 Miiud hy ktM 4iMtiiff M aiitMapMa of 
 Ihlrtf fMM (•) 
 
 It WM t«Mr«lly btlWvwi M Mttrt IhM 
 KMk«ritt«, ahMd«iM<l bf lb* PtrllanMnl 
 :,a<t ik« fUrgy, wuuld no lom§*t ufbr uif 
 •ppiwilkin In th« «t*b«« of tb« ktnff. M<l 
 meootfhng\f rommlMtenvr* w«<r« M^ta Mat 
 to tmintl ti*r ll«w tmpaltMUf did Ann* 
 Balajra tvali (bair rtturn from Rlohmond I 
 11m7 fiMM bMhi KMbarln* bad baard 
 Umm !■ allanca. 8ba bad ibaa rapliad to iIm 
 fMf tpirttMl and tba four tam|M>rml paani— 
 ** Mi^ Uod ftiucbaafa to my bvaband rati 
 •f aoal I but tall blm tbat I a« bla lawful 
 wih, and tbat tba Gburab wblob unttMl ma 
 to him can aloaa dkaaolva our marriagai 
 lit bar tpaak and I aball ■iibrati."(i>) llaory. 
 ■o lonitr maatar of himaalf, datarmlnad to 
 •ipal bar tba court, and on I3tb July, I SSI, 
 •ha bMli adiaa to Windior for a var."(*) B«l 
 la tba rtadar awara tbat a n^oii wm put 
 Into circulation, tbat tba ((Utan bad eon- 
 ■pirad Bnalnit bar buabaad, and tbat bla 
 Ufa waa la danfar arara ha to tontlnua 
 •obabiUag with bar ((') 
 
 Ifanry now bafaa to aat opanly. H« 
 ■lai't in tba aam« palaca aa bla mtatraaa. 
 Aana waa traatod witb royal laapaot by all 
 Hm oovHiara. KalhaHna bad lafk Wlndaor 
 aloaa, Mary baTinir b««>a taban from bar by 
 fbrca. Bba wroto from Amplhili to bar 
 •cugbtar'a fovtmaaa, Lady Saliabury :— • 
 *■ My food lady, I rcHimmcnd to your cara 
 •y balovad «hlld i tail h«r that advaraity la 
 tilt road to haaran.**(*) Mary waa ahortly 
 •ftor bar mothar'a ramoval ukan acrloualy ill. 
 On haarini thia, Kaiharin*, ill at «aaa on 
 MoouaA of bar obild'a lUoaan, wrota tbua 
 
 (•) WUkina' CoaoilU. 
 
 h) Hail.— Harbart.— TytUr. 
 
 (a) 'i'wraar. 
 
 (') Tkay aula, that ttom ihaaa cireum- 
 Manaaa kte mi^MHy bagan lu think ka waa in 
 iaacar of kia lila, and ilMrafura ntuait wiik- 
 draw fVoM kar company { nor t-oullil ka lat 
 «ka ftiaeaa b* wiUi kar.— MSil. Vitall. B. 
 
 UI..M. 
 (a) tkaca^— Agaaa Stiteklawi, IV.. 117. 
 
 toCrtimwallt "I af/^^ld m«i#b «!•'» 
 m<ir« to ambfa«a Mary. •« I am oanriaaail 
 tbat llw a)|kt of bar mn«bar would raatoto 
 bar 10 kaalib t aak lianry. If b« atltl iovaa 
 m«, lo rotiflhaafa m» llita favour," Tbla 
 patlll'in of a mothar lo aaa bar aluk ekild 
 waa rafteaad (<) Wa ahill n<i« ba abta to u(«. 
 darataad kar fballafi unlaaa wa |Hraalra la 
 kar tka (Tbriatlan aubmliiinn without a mar. 
 mur to tka dtapaaaaliooa of Uivloa ProrU 
 danoa, arid aaakinf for rafuga In prayar, 
 waiiiof, vttk anfallo patianoa, for a tar> 
 ainatloM to bar miafortuaaa. AM ao tl iir 
 and quaan, aba poaaaaaa^l rartain righla 
 which baavan ordarad h«r to dafand, and 
 aba did ao with admlrabla eonaiaunry. 
 AfUr Ood. aba appaalad to tba Fupa uA 
 Cbarlaa, bar two protootora. 
 
 Notwitbaunding tba numafooa body of 
 aptaa with wblob aba waa aurroondad by 
 tba king'a ordtra, aka found roaana of 
 writing to tka Popa and to tka amparor, and 
 had an aagal to forward bar eomplalnia to 
 Roma or to Madrid) thIa angal waa kar 
 confaaaor, Abali Lady Saliabury. tba 
 govamaaa of tha Prinraaa Maryi Dr. 
 Paatbaratona.tba prinoaaa'a Latin taaohar i(f) 
 and an old Spanlab prirat, namad Allaqaa, 
 whom aba waa allowed to kaap u bar 
 almonar(k) 
 
 Kathariaa wapt baraalf. and bar biatory 
 made othara waap alao. If hia HoIIocm 
 waa affectad by tha rtolant traatmant aha 
 had raeairad, bla heart waa naarljr hnikan 
 at tba paruaal of a latlor written in Dacrm- 
 bar, IS9I. How could ha raalat tha prajrara 
 of ona whoaa rlrtuaa wara aa murb tha 
 aulijoct of admiration, aa aba waa com- 
 paaaionatad for her miafortunca. The 
 t<\ma word avsr anu anon ooourrad to 
 Katharina'a lattwr— •• j uarioB." JuaUca, 
 for tha daughter of Ferdinand tha Catholic, 
 who had giran her hand to the Prince of 
 WaUa, in virtue of a diajiaiiatition ohuinad 
 from Roma. Juatioa, for tha wife who had 
 Urad twenty yeara under tba aaiaa roof ■• 
 bar royal hurband ; Juatice, for tha mother 
 whoae child waa threatened with tha loaa of 
 hrr claim to the crown i Juaiica, for a quaaa 
 who had not one fault to eipiata. 
 
 (') Heama.— Aftiea «llHcklan«l. 
 (I) Aipiaa Strickland. IV.. «.;«. 
 (k) Agaee Suictland, IV.. ISft. 
 
 -T 
 
\ry, M I tm danvmeol 
 f mnthw w^i^ltl r#4<«*r* 
 llanrf. If b* Mill Uivm 
 M llila Nvnur." THU 
 ' lo ••• hw tloh •htitt 
 thall ntt b« kbl^ to un. 
 I aiilaM w« ^rM(«« ta 
 imtuinR wUhottt k nvr. 
 lion* of t)ivia« Provi. 
 I for r«fu|a In pr«]rtr, 
 l(a p*ti«iiM, for • t«r> 
 laforlaiM. Ac — tl lir 
 MMMwl Mftain rifhui 
 •d hw lo 4«flind, tMi 
 ■dmlrabWi eon»\ti*ntj. 
 Ml«(i lo the Pupt Ukd 
 olMtora. 
 
 Ih« nuoMTOiM body ol 
 ha wu rarrotiniM by 
 
 •ha fonnd inaana of 
 tn<l to Iha amparor, and 
 wmrd har oompUknta lo 
 d I thia anial waa har 
 Ladf Baliaburj, iha 
 
 Prtnraaa Marji Dr. 
 inoaaa'a Latin laMbar}(r) 
 t priaal, namad AUaqiM. 
 lowad to kaap M har 
 
 haraalf, and har hialory 
 a]ao. If hia Hohncta 
 a violant traatmant aha 
 laart waa naarljr brtikan 
 IcMmt wrtttan in Uacfin- 
 Kild ha raatat tha prajrara 
 uaa wara u mnrb Iha 
 ioD. aa aha wm com- 
 lar mUfortanaa. The 
 tiiu anon ooourrad in 
 -"ivtviQ*." Juattco, 
 Pardinand tha Catholic, 
 hand to tha Princa of 
 • diajianaaiion ohuinad 
 oa, for Iha wifa who had 
 undar tha aMM roof ■• 
 ; Juatica, for tha mothar 
 raatancd with tha loaa of 
 own I Juiiica, for a qnaaa 
 lult to eipinta. 
 
 n«« *llrieklan<]. 
 land, IV., t;U. 
 ud, IV., ISA. 
 
 un or RiMtf VIII, 
 
 •11 
 
 C1««Miil Vil , in miiUt to bring «<i<-b 
 unparatlalad mlifurtunaa la an and. raaolvtd 
 l<i wrii* lo llanrjr. r«th«r«« a falh«r than aa 
 llaad of Iha Caiholta f:h«rth. IPli bnaf 
 l« a parfaol mudal of avangaltasl Irmnaaa 
 an<l mildnaat. Ha raf«r*, In •<K«au and 
 •tiiillad Ungiiair*, Ui tha rara vtrtuia dia- 
 piajrvd iif m wuman •!tia<l %•• tha Ant aora- 
 ralgn !■ BiirtifM, who, after iMvtnf ip*!!! 
 iwanij )ra«n at tti* Rngllth oourl. had h«an 
 innominlouilf ai|»l!*<l a* Ilia vilaal of 
 «r««iurta, ami eo(ii|MlUd to )rial<l har ihrona 
 *nd bad lo a rlr^l who had robbad htraf 
 har huabMd'a Uva and a8aolla«.(*) ll waa 
 tMtntlally naeaatarjr that thIa malanehulf 
 ■tiandal, ao nrlavoua lo both haavan and 
 aarth, thouiil u>aM, and thai ai onoa. " I 
 apaak to yuu aa a fathar, liataa than to inr 
 aSaotlonata and ;«taraal volefi Your 
 rank, your nama, tha ic:Woaa which you 
 hava raodarad to tha Holy Saa, call on ma, 
 at an aol of duty, to daal charitably with 
 you. It la not tha Catholio alona who ia 
 •oandaliaad, but tha haratlc alao r^ioaa in 
 aaainn you iKnomlniouily tt^i from your 
 court a 4ua«n, tha daiightar of a king, iha 
 aunt of an arapraaa, your wii< for upwarda 
 of twantjr yeara, whila you ara publicly 
 living In dr^aiica of onr prohibition with 
 MOthar Woman. Had ona of your aubjacta 
 baha««d ihoa, you would bava puniihad 
 him aavaralf. MjT con. aal not auch a bad 
 aiampla to your ptopla. aapactaJly now 
 whao bnraay la troubling tba Church. . . . 
 Ramaiiibar that tha aiamplaa of kinga, and 
 atpacially of groat king a, aarvo aa a rula <^ 
 oooduol to thair aubjacto. ... In tha 
 nama of that lova which wa hava avar borna 
 towarda you, Ualan to our voloo. If you 
 daaira atlU to mrrit our lova t in tha naina 
 of onr patamal afbction for a woll-balovad 
 aon, wfl addraaa you i it will radound to yoiu 
 hooour, if you raaall Katharina and raatora 
 bar to har righta and lo your a0Mtion."(>>) 
 
 At tba lima that thla brief waa addroaaad 
 to tha king, (in Dacambar, 1531,) mora 
 than a jaar had alapaad dnca an act of Pfer» 
 liamant had confarrad tha titla of Suprana 
 Haad of tba Church on Hanryi an aol 
 atta^ng tha righta of tha Church, a 
 BoaalratM aaur|iation of pow4^ whioh 
 
 (a) SoaAppaadlx. 
 (k) $— Anaadii. 
 
 f'lamanl Vlt. might hava r(ini<«mna<l. b«il 
 of whlvh ha makaa mi invnlinn \n hi* lallaf 
 to Iha aovaratgn Ha dciaa nut avan fftr 
 to aaolhar maaaura ailopiaU by Kngland 
 agalnai Rnnai ll^Ftlmon4 aoulil alao ful- 
 mliuta Ita ihamlara agantl iha Papal H«*. 
 
 Tha AiinaUa wara Iha duty which tha 
 i*<iii« r«Miir«<i rr<>m alt •!■« \uu» MnaUt^irtai 
 banaiUaa, aa a aompanaalion fur tba Bull 
 which ooafarrtd Iha p<iaaat«lon i ibia com- 
 pantallon waa ganarally aquivalant lo a 
 yaar'a ravanii*. Prom thu trvaaiiry, whinh 
 oould navar ba ampty, tha Popa had b*an 
 anablad to dafaal tha graat crvaada Iavta4 
 by Iha Turk* against Chilillanlty and elvi- 
 llaallon. 1 ha forilflaallona of Rhodaa had 
 baan parlialljr mada by iha aid of thla tai. 
 In Iha Midilla Agaa. Iha Annatoa aaa'alad 
 tha Capaey In (bunding rollagaa and biiU4> 
 ing hoapltala, praaarving or purchaainf 
 valuaHIa M88., raatoring tha ruina of 
 paganiam, rawarding and ocr««ioBally au^ 
 porting lUarary man and attlat*. Tha 
 aparlmanta of tha Vatican, Iha burning of 
 Rorgo, tha School of Athani, tha Virgin of 
 Donalario, tha cupola of 8t. Petar, had boaa 
 aractad by tha monay eoUaotad by tha 
 Annataa. Without tha Annataa and all 
 thoaa aubaidiaa lavlad by Chriatian charity, 
 oiviliiation would hava baan arrattrd in ita 
 prograaa, and tha world would hava baan atUl 
 plungad 111 barbaric darknaaa, for whatavar 
 and howavar groat Iha (wwar of tha Papacy, 
 •till it oould n<4. Ilka Ood. any i " Lat ihara 
 ba light." Tha Papacy had naad of booka 
 and man to roauacltato and c«t«ad ita 
 influanca t but booka rauat bo bought and 
 man rouat ba racompanaad. Tha dadio^ 
 tlon of a literary work lo tba Popa waa a 
 Bill of Bichanga. drawn by a wril«r in 
 want, and which Hia Hulinaaa oould not 
 allow to ba protaalad. 
 
 Tba Parliamant had baan eonvokad al 
 tha oommancamant of I S33. Tha Annataa 
 wara than aavara|y attaekad. A bill for ita 
 abolition, uadar tha ptatait thai it waa 
 burdanaoma to tha nation and illagal, waa 
 paaaad. " It ia tma," aaya tha proambla of 
 tha aututa, " that thia u< vma catabliahad to 
 rapol tha invaaion of tha barbariana i but 
 how ofton haa it been diverted from iia 
 original uaa 1" Tha clergy were probiMtad 
 in fiUara to pay tha Annatea "odar pain 
 
i^ 
 
 mA 
 
 MFB or UBNHT VIII. 
 
 W 
 
 m 
 
 -I . 
 
 
 f li, 
 
 : '1 
 
 'iaf imidning the rcTenuea ariaing from 
 
 thtir bona fleet to th« oruwn, and of forfeiting 
 ' tbair o«m property. Aa Rome might refuae 
 
 to forward the requiaite bulla, the Pwrlia- 
 ' m»at enacted that biahopa, deprived of 
 
 canonical inatitutien, ahould be coiiie< 
 ' orated bj an archbiahop and tiro biahopa, 
 
 and that if Rome placed the king under 
 ' the ban of interdiction or ezeommanica- 
 
 tion, or any one of hia anbjecte, the ex- 
 
 oommunieatioD and interdiction were both 
 
 oomroanded to be regarded aa null and 
 >oid. The bill paaaed the Lower Houae 
 
 after it had gone through the Upper, and 
 ;Meeived the royal sanction in 1S33.(*) 
 ' Oromwall, however, meditated another 
 -blow againat Rome. Hia plan waa to 
 
 dalivtr Bnghmd entirely from Papal antho- 
 'rity, and to make the king thorough^ 
 ^Independent of the Holy See, aa were the 
 DukiMof Saxony, who had revolted againat 
 
 the Pontifical autharity. He comphiined, 
 therefore, to the Commona, of the oontinual 
 anoroachmenta of the clergy, who, under 
 l»in of apiritual cenaure, had interfered 
 la temporal matlere. 
 
 The addraaa waa tent by Henry to the 
 «onvoeation on the 10th of May. lS3a, 
 accompanied by li aummona to the clergy, 
 [forbidding them to publiah any aynodal 
 vonatitution without the aanotion of regal 
 luithority. They were farther ordered to 
 •nbndt all thoae that were then in exiat- 
 kBfOt to au examination of a wmmittee of 
 ^irty-two membera, half lay, half ecele- 
 tiaatie, aeleoted by the king. Thia com- 
 taittee were to determine what rulea ahould 
 1m aboUahed, and what prea«rved.('>) 
 
 Gardiner quoted Henry'a language, when 
 twelve yeare before he ahowed in the 
 "Antrtio ttpUm Saeramtntomm," that the 
 paator had received from Chriat autharity 
 to aatabliah lawa neceaaary for the govern* 
 ment of hia flock in mattera of diaeipline 
 iMd flttth.(*) Gardiner waa not attended 
 to. The prieat waa farther forbidden, by 
 i royal proclamation addreaaed to the 
 natfon at large, to correapond with Rome 
 ia the obtaining of thoae bulla, briefa, or 
 dedrioae of which he might atand in need 
 
 (•) Bwnet.— SUtntee of the Beaha. 
 m WUkina' ConoiUa. 
 - {•) Liagard. 
 
 under pain of inipriaonment according to 
 the king'a pleaaure-O Aa if he feared 
 that Hia Holineaa would not be informed 
 aoon enough of theae iniquitoua attempta 
 againat the authority of the Church, Henry 
 loat no time ia ahowing him what waa hU 
 peraonal opinion of the man who thai 
 occupied the chair of St. Peter. One might 
 have aaid with truth, that the " Defender 
 of the Faith" had been inapired to like 
 ideaa with Luther. In hie opinion both 
 were ia fkult;— the Pope, for following the 
 pemicioua counaela of hia adviaera, and 
 the king, for believing in the Pontiff** 
 ainoerity. All Clemcnt'a brief* were aa re- 
 plete with bad faith u with ignorance. The 
 Pope had only been guided by worldly 
 motives, while the King of Eogiand had 
 alwaya taken hia oonaoieace aa hia guide. 
 Had not the king ooaaulted the moat 
 learned theologiana hi Europe,and were they 
 not unaalmoua in the condemnation of 
 his marriage as prohibited by the Divine 
 Law i Wiadom had no longer her throne 
 at the Vatican. Had not Clement binuelf 
 oftea acknowledged hu insuffloieacy ia 
 theology f To pay obedience then any 
 longer to the Pa|Ml briefs would be to 
 scaadaliso the world. After having placed 
 a liinit to the inaolent authority of Rome, 
 Henry desired to atop, being unwilling 
 to go to further extremitiea, unlesa the 
 Pope refuaed to regulate hia conduct by 
 the unanimoua teatimony of the moat 
 learned theologiana of the day.(«) la aot thia 
 the style adopted by the apostate monk of 
 
 (d) The ktaig's proohunation that nothing 
 shall be hereafter porcbaaed ttcm Rome.— Fox. 
 The king'a bighneaa atraiiEy ohargeth ami com- 
 mandath that no manner or peraon, what atato, 
 degree, or ooadition aoever he or they be of, do 
 
 Surchaae, or attempt to parchaae from the 
 ourt of Roaw, or euewbere, nor uae and put 
 in execution, •llvnlge, or publiah any thmt 
 heretofore within thia year paaaed, pnrchaaed, 
 or to beparchsaed hereafter, containiBgiBattec 
 pndadicial to the high authority, jnriadictiun, 
 and prerogative royatl of thia hia aaid realm, 
 or to the let hinderanoe, or impeachment of hia 
 
 rM'a noUe, andviitnoua intended purpoeas 
 iho pceqgiaaea, upon pain of ineurrlag hia 
 highnesa' indignation, and impriaoqment, and 
 flmher poniahment of thehr bcdiei, for their 
 so doing, at his graoo's pleasure, to the dread* 
 fU examples of all othim.-*Wil|(ina. 
 (•) Bomet. 
 
lonment aocordinK to 
 *) Ai if he feared 
 ould not be informed 
 » iniquitoui attempte 
 it tlie Church, Henry 
 ifC him what wh hU 
 
 the roan who thei 
 }t. Peter. One migbt 
 that the "Oefendet 
 «en inapired to like 
 Id hie opinion both 
 jpe, for following the 
 if hie advisen, and 
 ing in the PuntifTIi 
 it'e brief* were as re- 
 with ignorance. The 
 
 guided by worldly 
 ing of England had 
 ■cienee aa hia guide, 
 oonaulted the moat 
 Burope,and were they 
 le condemnation of 
 ibited by the Divine 
 lo longer her throne 
 not Clement bioeelf 
 hw inauffloiency in 
 obedience then any 
 fairiefa would b« to 
 After having placed 
 authority of Borne, 
 Dp, being unwilling 
 remitiea, unlesa the 
 late his conduct by 
 lony of the most 
 ;heday.(*) Is not this 
 >M apostate monk of 
 
 imation that nothing 
 led from Rome.— Fox. 
 ill* ohargeth ami com- 
 or fvnoa, what sUta, 
 er he or they be of, do 
 pwchase from the 
 'here, nor use and put 
 or publish any tnmt 
 •r passed, porchaaad, 
 fter. containing eaattac 
 mthority, juriadictiun, 
 >r this his aaid raUm. 
 or impeachment of hte 
 raa intended purpesse 
 paia of incurring hia 
 id imprisonment, and 
 heir bcdies, for their 
 leasure, tothedrsaA* 
 ».-^Wilkias. 
 
 uri or BENRy viit. 
 
 31$ 
 
 
 Wittamberg, save hia pietureaque knd 
 expresaive language, imbibed with the 
 sparkling beer of Eimbeck ? 
 
 Clement VII. replied to the manifeato of 
 Henry VIII., and Leo X. again aeemed to 
 be alive. "Do you not remember, dear 
 eon in Jeeus Christ, about four years ago, 
 requesting the aid of one of our legatee, 
 who, in concert with an English legate, was 
 to examine into the validity of your niar« 
 riage with our well-beloved daughter in 
 Jesus Christ, Katharine, a marriage, too, 
 celebrated twenty yeare back. We acceded 
 to your petition, though it seemed to ue 
 rather ui^just that snch a case ehould be 
 tried in your statu } It remained undecided 
 until the queen's appeal compelled ua to 
 call the matter before ourselvee; — not to 
 the states of her nephew, nor in any other 
 country, where the queen might meet with 
 partial judgea, but to Rniiie, the country 
 of the Christian world, to our tribunal of 
 the Rota, and afterwards before us and our 
 brethren of the Sacred College. Yoo 
 ahould have waited the issue of this appeal} 
 ana /et we are informed by the queen, and 
 by the receipt of numerous letters, that not* 
 withstanding our prohibition you have sent 
 away Katharine to cohabit with one Anne. 
 . . . Careful of the house of God, our 
 own duty, aud the aaivation of your soul, 
 we beseech you, without in any way in- 
 fringing on your ri. ' >, to recall Katharine, 
 to re-establish her it. i- -j dignity as queen, to 
 oohabit with her, and to cease living with 
 Anne, and this in the apace of one month, 
 onder pain of excommunication. . . . 
 And for fear that you ah'^uld think of con- 
 tracting a nukr.iage with Anne^ we now 
 beforehand pronounce auch • marriage to 
 be null and void."(*) But Henry had 
 resolved to brave the menacea of the 
 Sovereign Pontiff. If he had not bestowed 
 the title of Que«n on hia miatreaa, it was 
 owing to the non-Mieteneo of any visible 
 rign, whereby happier than with Katharine 
 
 (a) The brief is dated SSrd December, I53S 
 It IS certain that at that period it waa believed 
 at Borne that Aaue was Henry's dani^ter. 
 Do Rossi miMtiow the report He soys, 
 Makiag of Granmer,** Who exercised the oflioe 
 a private chaplain in the fconsehold id Thomas 
 Boleya, rtputidjliitkuriit^mi*." 
 
 he might hope for an heir to the thmne ^ 
 for it is an undoubted fut, that they had 
 the same apartment, the same table, and 
 the same bed.(') It was impoasible for 
 
 fl>) Henty'i wish for an heir was ons of the 
 principal motives alleged in favour of his 
 divorotng Katharine. — Uo Ruaai. 
 
 (>/ Cranmer wrote from Durham Houae in 
 1530:— "The King and Lady Anne arrived 
 yesterday from Windsor. They stopped that 
 night at Hampton Court."— dtrype. Sir Harris 
 Nicholas has publiahi^d the "Privy Purse 
 Expeniei of Henry VIII." Miss Agnes Strick- 
 land is of opinion that she has discovered in 
 those details a snflcient proof of intimacy 
 between the royal lover of his mistress. *' The 
 entries eonneoted with Anne Boleyn, in 
 Henry's priry purse accounts, are curionsj 
 and, in some measuio, lend to elucidate the 
 
 peculiar terms on which they stood. 'i3nd 
 
 November, 1529, paid Cecilia fur 1| yard of 
 purple velvet fur Mrs. Anne, l&e. 8d. i ou the 
 same day to Walter Walsh, for different 
 stuffs, £216. 8s. 6d. ; on the aist Decembsr, 
 to Anne, by the king's order, £110.; 16di 
 May, 1530, paid up the tailor and furrier of 
 Mrs. Anne; May, 99th, for bows, arrowi^ 
 and hunting gloves, f 1. 3«. 4d.; 5th Jane, 
 6s. 8d., for the Lorl Mayor of Loiidim's 
 servant, for cherries for Lady Aime; on I'm 
 8lh September, £10. to the woman who keeps 
 the ahop at the sign of the Dove, for linen 
 furnished to Lady Anne ; on the 2.Mh Sept., 
 £10., fur a ouw, which Uriao, Lady Anne's 
 greyhound, had killid; ou the 25th Dot-., £5. 
 to Lady Anne; on the 30th Dec, £100., for 
 the new year; £4. to the currier; 15-11, for 
 articles of the toilette famished by John Taylor 
 and George Scott, £18. 6s. 4d.; £34. to John 
 Scott, on account ; £40. to Rasmus, for a gold 
 ornament fur Lady Anne's desk; on the 22nd 
 May, 1532, £12. ; 7*. Cd. to Lady Anne'e 
 butler, which he had gained at bowls ; item, 
 (May, 1531,) £4. 15s., and other sums lost bv 
 Lady Anns at play ; to tho sailors, who took 
 hsr, on the 29tn of May, team Greenwich to 
 Durham House, 16e. < s. d. 
 
 Item, to John Malto, fortwelve yards 
 
 of black satin, for a manUe destined 
 
 fiir Lady Anne, at 8s. per yard.. 4 16 
 For the pattern of the aforcMid 
 
 mantle U 5 
 
 A yard of Uaek velvet, for border.. 13 4 
 9i yards of black velvet, for the neck 
 
 andsleevee 1 16 
 
 a yards of white satia, tn lining fw 
 
 thosleeves , 16 
 
 4 yards of Brngea satin, tm lining tm 
 
 the mantle t 5 8 
 
 5 yards of buckram, for linfaig fiw^ 
 sleevea 2 
 
 £9 14 
 
 This £9. 14s. is equal-to about £80 of 
 
 the prsatot currency. One of the evening 
 
 dress e s, lined with black i.tff.ta, in blaek 
 
 fi 
 
tin ov mmm nti. 
 
 Utn, whoM eudour •qualltd hit fk»j, to 
 MoHdn u/ lon^nr a ai«mb«r of th« Pirivf 
 Cooncil. D«c«|7«d for » aoiMnt by ap* 
 pMiMflM, b* coold no longtr b« dtlndad. 
 At in Gmmany, so bIm in BnRlud, tho 
 WMtth of the Ougy eseittd th* vmk* of 
 Iha nobilltr. At London, m at Wittonborg, 
 Ihajr bagan by undarmining thair apiritual 
 bfliMBoa to divaat than of thair waaltb 
 *ftarvarda. Tba traaauraa of tha cbnrehaa 
 vara covatad by tha aovrrtign, who wu in 
 want of monay to kaap up tha aplandour of 
 hia crown, and to aatiafy tha axtravaganoa 
 «f Ua miatraaa. Tba Puriiamant, ur^ad on 
 by tha king, daily nuda fiaih inroada on tha 
 Mclaaiaatioal prlrilagaa ; and, at laat, over 
 thair mina. arrivad at tha gold vaaaala 
 whieh sparkkd and adomad tha Catholic 
 lanpl«a.(a) 
 
 On Btodying tha hiatory of tha Rafonna> 
 tion in Saxony, Swadan, Dannark, Swit. 
 ■ajrland, and EngUad, tha atudant mutt ba 
 (rtraek by tbat f»M identity of maana uaad 
 by tha tpirii of enda in parfaoting ita work j 
 It arery whara eommancad by calumniating 
 tha priaat 1o rob him afterwardai to mn 
 4own hia Brariarjr and than daprira him of 
 Itia eaaaock. Mora, with hia prophatic 
 •{Writ, had foiaaaan all t ha had long bafora 
 Ibratold, by aigna which hara never yet da- 
 orirad man of gigantic intallaet, that tha 
 fteformation, pataing through licentiona- 
 naaa, would and in daapotiam. Ha would 
 Mt, by hia praaanca at tha Privy Council, 
 
 neaerata tha immolation of the libartiaa of 
 ilia Chnreh, and Ciialaan was the harbour 
 'trhera ha took rafuga againat the atonn. 
 , Afbwdiqrabaforahafaaignadthaaaalaha 
 
 aatin, ooat £ia 15e. 8d. Anne, in 1531, had 
 Idat thai bloom which had charmed Ike eaur* 
 tfaia fat 1538. Oarlo Oajiello. the Venaliu 
 ambtwadnrat London, thuadaecribca her ; "111 
 lude, a long neck, a large month, but lively 
 
 rt" and adda : " It ia Eeaerally beliavad 
 aha hM baenoenflnad vTaatUI-bam ehUd." 
 t»-AgMa atrieklaad, IV., 908. 
 
 (a) OeBaarf n eam te have been perfectly 
 fan tomnmt with tha important avaata that 
 ooeaned ia Bnrooai " la eonaavMBee of tiMea 
 |«ahaerd-of noveitieiL the wiaeat and BMiat 
 aaUgioaa of tha nobtti^r and gentry, fonaaelag 
 •the ruin which U preparing to (aii npoa thia 
 aahappy kingdom, have rMiiad from tha eoort, 
 •and mm Um magiatraciae which they exer- 
 aiaed, aaMapt whom ia Sir Thomaa Mora, tha 
 atocy and hanour of Ai»,gRa|t idati*"'-' 
 -Mamocia, p> III., fl8»::V ' ■t'^'*? fc.!/:... 
 
 lud Mm konoar of being viaitad by the 
 king, who oama to aoBvaraa with hia ehan- 
 eellor on buainaee. They were walking in 
 tha garden for nearly an hoar. Henry 
 leaning on tha arm of hia minietcr. Aa 
 aoon aa Henry had left Chelaea, Roper 
 Joined Mora, and aaid: **How happy 
 ought you to be, my dear father i hia 
 mi^eety never treated Wolaey ao familiarly." 
 " Do not rejoice, aon," replied Sir I'homaa 
 Mora, " for if my bead oould win him a 
 oaatla in Franca it would not fail to 
 ga."(k) On tha 10th May, 1699, Mora 
 raaignad the aeala to hia n^aety at 
 York Place, (near Waatroinatar Hall.) which 
 ware given on tha 9flth to Sir Thomaa 
 Audley, Speaker of tha Z^ouaa of Com* 
 mona.(*) It waa Sunday, and none at 
 Chelaea wen yet aequaintad with tha oir^ 
 eumalanee of the raaignation. Lady Mora 
 and her family had taken their pkea at 
 ehunh. More waa, aa uaual, in the choir, 
 veatad a« a cboriatar. Lady Alice in her 
 pn» lined with velvet, anrrounded by bar 
 ehildran and attandanta. One of tha at- 
 tandanu waa aocuatomed, at tha tarmina. 
 tion of tha office, to whiiper to Lady Mora : 
 **My lord ia gonai" thua intimating that 
 aha might alao leave. Mora, on that day, 
 took on hinualf the office. " Madam." 
 aaid ha to hia irife, banding low hie head, 
 ** my lord ia gona."(') Alice, by the chuck- 
 ling of the awvanta, and abaeqce of tha 
 oaual attendant, comprehended the myatery, 
 and, bawildarad by thia unavpacted event, 
 exelairoad, " What do you propora doing, 
 Mr. Mora? Do you think that one can 
 roaat a gooaa with the aahae? Far batur 
 ia it to be obeyed than to ob^."(*) AUoe, 
 ill aUa to eoaeaal her temper, began flndiag 
 fault with every thing, and acolding her 
 danghtara bacraaa every thing waa in dia- 
 ordav. "But, mother," waa thair reply. 
 " wa hava only dona aa wa alw^ra need to 
 do." •« Your mother ia right," aaid Mora, 
 * doat yo« paaaeiva that bar Boae ia oat ^ 
 
 O) For if my head waald win Um a eaatle 
 in Franoa, it would aot Ail to go.— Bopas. 
 
 aaeh hiaaetaen aa< 
 bmtear lat'a a|«|t 
 ragiert aa wardaa 
 
Mnf TititMl by th« 
 ITMTM with bit eban- 
 rbijr war* walking io 
 \j tn hoar. Utnry 
 »( hi* minktcr. Aa 
 
 left ChelMa, Ropar 
 lid : ** How happjr 
 ijr d«ar father i hie 
 KTidaeyao familiarly." 
 ' rapUwi Sir I'homaa 
 ad ooiild win him a 
 
 would not fail to 
 h Maf, 1539, Mora 
 to hia n^aatj at 
 troioalM- Hall,) which 
 lOth to Sir Thomaa 
 tha Z:;oaaa of Com* 
 ndajr, Mid none at 
 iiaintad with tha oir- 
 (nation. Lady Mora 
 taken their phMM at 
 II uanal, in the choir, 
 . Lady Alice in her 
 , aoffounded by her 
 ita. One of the at- 
 med, at the termim. 
 hiiper to Lady More : 
 
 thua intimatinf that 
 
 More, on that day, 
 office. " Madam," 
 ending low hia head, 
 
 Alice, by the ohack- 
 
 and »beaqce of the 
 rehended the myitery, 
 lie unexpected crent, 
 ) you propoM doing, 
 
 tfiink that one can 
 a aaheef Far betur 
 atoob^."(*) Alice, 
 temper, began flndlag 
 g, and ecolding her 
 try thing waa in dia- 
 sr," waa their nflf, 
 m we alwaya need to 
 ie right," aaid More, 
 bat her noee ia oat ^ 
 
 ionld win hia a caetle 
 Ail 10 go.»B«pei. 
 
 uvi or utMmt rut. 
 
 fllT 
 
 J*intr'(>) Then aMcmbling hia wife and 
 fanily, he aaked them what they purpoeed 
 doingi every one waa aiknt. " Well, then, 
 I ihall tell you what I ahall do. I waa at 
 llret educated at Oaford, where I bad but 
 ill cheer t aflerwarda at New Inn, where I 
 waa a little better off, and laally at Linooln'a, 
 where, thanka to my indnatry, my family 
 waa wall prorided for. I afterwarda went 
 to court, and, atep by atop, reached the 
 higheet point of the ladder. I hare now 
 no more than £|00 per annum. We can 
 etill live together, but we muat prepare for 
 I privation. Yet I do not expect that 
 
 (•) Rodhait. 
 
 we ahall be obliged to go back to the 
 loweat atop of the ladder, Oxford, to bad 
 fare, nor even to New Inn, but only to 
 Linooln'a Inn. If, after a year, we flud the 
 expeniea too great at Lincoln'a Inn, we 
 can return to New Inn, and if that be too 
 extravagant, well then w« muet take up our 
 eaok and wallet and beg together like poor 
 echolara. We ehkll ling the Salv Rtginm, 
 flrom door to door, and no doubt we ihall 
 find aome good aoul who will beatow 
 alma on ui. Better, • thouaand timea 
 bettor, ia thia kind of life than the being 
 eeparatod for tm."(f>) 
 
 0) Roper.— Revue IndApendante.— Budhart 
 
 CHAPTER XXV. 
 
 MARRIAGE OF ANNE £OLBYN.-.ia83-l&83. 
 
 Flea for aa interview betwwn Henry and FraneU.— Anna Bulayn datiTM to M pieient theiaal^i— 
 Oraeted Marehioocfa of Pembroke.— Intorviaw between die two Sovaraign*.— Before ■eparatlag 
 Henry pledgee bimtelf to abetain from every aet of hoadllty towud* Rom*.— Anne baiemm 
 «iK«tol(.— A ee«ret Marriage.— Ineidant*.— The Divoree proceeded with.— Orenmer aominaiad 
 Arehbiihop of CanMrbtti7..— He aolieite and obtain* A* Ball*. — Ooriou* plueee in Onmmat'o 
 LUi.— Hi* oath* and pujniy at th* tim* of hi* oon**a>ation 
 
 Thi reaignation of Sir Thomaa Mora wu 
 regarded at Roma ae importing a melan- 
 choly (Mnrity for tha Bngliali Church. 
 The repeated atlaeka on the liberty of the 
 dergy fully explained the ehnnoellor'e act, 
 and deeply grieved tit* heart of the Holy 
 Father. Tim learned, at the Pttntifleal court, 
 felt aaaurad fWim thaae portentooa eigne that 
 Henry** paaeion wonld precipitate hie Uof • 
 dom into the ein of aehiam^a) 
 
 Nevw had Charlee V. been ao powerfial ; 
 maater of Italy ainee the otpture of Romei 
 in quiet in hia own poaaaiwiona after the 
 aappreeeion of the Afragon inauneetion { 
 in poaoe with Firanee,. which he had over- 
 eoBM at ftfitt, he hM the Reformere of 
 Ckrmaay in nwe. 11m Latheran prince* 
 had aaaembled a* SaaUcald to oppoee the 
 pnijeeta of the iiapeMr, and to preaerre 
 tho er^ad of Lmber aa wall m Uw wealth 
 
 (•) De Boni, MeaMtllk. 
 
 which they had amaiaed ftrom the apoUatkm 
 of the conventa. To dcfhit the pUna of tho 
 adveraary of their new futh, and to ddbad 
 the flruit of their eacrilegioua robberiea, 
 they craved the aid of Franoia, who immo- 
 diately made Henry acquainted with tho 
 exietence of the league, and that princo 
 diapatehed Gardiner to urge on the concla> 
 eion of a treaty which would unite all tho 
 Reformed Statee under one banner,(^ and 
 at the aamo time cent 5000 crowne to th* 
 eonfederatee of Smalkald, to aid them in 
 holding out, by eeriona preparatione of 
 defiince, agaiiiat their powerful enemy.(«) 
 Luther waa the aoul of the league: it 
 waa a triM revolt of raaaala againat their 
 aovereign lord 1 Who could ever hav* 
 fbreeeen that the author of the AsBirHo, 
 would have Joined the eecleaiaatie of Wit* 
 
 ?; 
 
 ) Do BeUay, Memoiiee. 
 '*) On Bdlay, M«Boifee. 
 
 (^ 
 
I«M 
 
 mmmm 
 
 ttfttl^mmmi^mumtiji^^itfut^^i 
 
 • It 
 
 Lll 
 
 It 
 
 ii'' ' 
 
 I wb tt i In wtftiif wu imtlnft lh« Qcmu 
 QMlMlt«i.(») Ht«ry rtqutated through 
 kit MubtMadon M InlarvWw with Franelt. 
 tt WM noi now, m In th« Fiald of iho Cloih 
 ot UoliI, to hrmh • Unet with ■ prinon of 
 kl« own iKt, for llvnry ooiild Mwoaljr akt 
 en hoTMbook. and linpriirannMnl hnd nMda 
 th« hair of hit ehivalrio rival pwAKtljr 
 honrf, 
 
 Hanrj. whila pracipitatinx Eofflaad inio 
 « ataia of aoblaa to aplta tha Popo, hod 
 hopad to urRO Franca lato tha aaaa itap. 
 AnM waa unwilling to ramain at tirvan- 
 wich wbtia hftr loTtr waa In Franoa i hor 
 tnprka nuat b« Indulgad. Du Balk^ 
 •amd aa har intarpratar, who had givaa 
 }Am, u ha had tha Indiacration to ravaaJ, a 
 pffaant of a ooaplaU huntar'a draaa. 
 AloM with Anna, "with tha bow iung 
 Mtoaa hia ahouldar ha wniiad for tha dear 
 to paaa bj." Saatad M tha tabU of iIm 
 •aorotta nonarch, ** h< ha -* good ohacr. and 
 IhhI often tha honour of baing with tha 
 king thowhola of tha day." The lar 
 will not ho aaloniahad at baing ti nat 
 Ikta mitrtd huntar waa on* of tha wai toaat 
 partiaaoa of iha dtyore«.(V It waa pro 
 
 "■kMf at ona of thaaa hunting partiaa tliat 
 Amm •xpraaocd a wiah to tha ambaaaadora 
 >• bo proaant at tha intarvlaw. Du Ballajr 
 
 i-cau l d Bol niattt tha antnatita of tha 
 fc^"*4rit*, and aeoordingly wroto thna to 
 Do MontoMwanof , " I am iafomtad bjr tha 
 baat authoritf that tht gicataat fdaiwura 
 
 'tho klag could ahow hia brother and 
 Madam Anno would bo fbr hia majaatjr to 
 wtila to ma to raquaat tha king to bring 
 
 'tko afor»'BMatiooad Lady Anna with him 
 to Oilaia,ao that thajr might not bo logethar 
 witheut tk« oompaajr of kdica. I eannot 
 giro you niy authwtty, aa 1 bar* awom 
 Mt to rvveal it.'*(i) 
 
 Bafore ombarking for Fhnea, Anne waa 
 •rtoted Marchkuiaaa of Pembroke, a titla 
 
 . fbracrty borne by one of tha king'a uoclaa 
 (Jaapar Tudor.) She receivad the letter** 
 paioat, confaning on her the dignity of 
 Pearaaa of the nalm at Windaor Cattle. 
 Ska aotend tka raeoptioB-room» preceded 
 
 fa) Sleidaa. Hiatanr of the Raftmuatioa. 
 ^) MSS. Blihooa. Bib. da lai. ▼. (0S8.— 
 L« iwBd 
 (•> M»a BAhwae.— LeOnmd. 
 
 PVIIT VIII 
 
 by a kerakl.at.arme. kaving at k«r aida 
 Bllaabeth. Counleae of Holland, and 
 Dorolhra, Cottnt«aa of Huaaet, and foltowatl 
 by htr wilneaera. th* Kmt\ of WiHabire, 
 Gardiner, B^raUry of State, and the Duke 
 of Norfolk. Behind the beraldHM-arma 
 waltt-d the daughter of the Duke of Sot. 
 folk, carrying on hat laf^ arra th« «>|vet 
 robe llnMi with ermine, and ia h«r hand the 
 gold onronet deetiaod for the faroorite. 
 On approaching the king, Anna amde 
 three eurtaioe, then knelt dowa, and re. 
 ceired the ineignia of her Mar4)Hiaato.(a) 
 The royal lellere.patent, aaauriag hia mi» 
 traea £|,noO per annum, ware then read 
 aloud. Henry, on thie oeeaaioB. preaeated 
 her with varioua ndaiaturea paiated by 
 Holbein, and mounted by the.Aret gold- 
 amitha ia London,(*) and ohjaela for the 
 toilette worth more than £1,100. Hav 
 houeahold waa eompoeed, at her royal 
 lovar'a command, of three ehamlierlaina 
 and four maida of honour, (taken fimm the 
 flrat familiee of the counlry.) ikree gentle, 
 man of tka bedchamber, and thkty 
 aerranta.(0 
 
 On tha Utk of October, 1539, tha king 
 and tha Marehkmeee of Pembroke landed 
 at Calaia wttk a numoroua auito of ladiea 
 and gentlemen, wd the interview between 
 the two mouarche took place at Boulogne. 
 aur.Mer, on tke Slat. Franeia waa unae- 
 eompanied hy kie wife, aiater, or any otker 
 lady, an inault whioh Henry'a miatrcM fait 
 drep^.(t) The ptayert of Du BeUay had 
 had no eieet IIm ckevalior king gave a 
 eoavindng proof of kia tact on tkie oo> 
 eaak>a. They remained but a few daya at 
 Bonkigno, ao eager waa Aanr to return to 
 Calaia. Maguifkent and aumptuoua fee. 
 tirala were given at that town. Ona 
 evening^ after aupper, twelve young women 
 maaked caaM into tha ball-rooa, and 
 
 (d) UUI'a Catalene of Honour. ^ 
 
 (•) Privy Puna Bipeaaaa of Uamy yillL 
 bySirHarriaKlcholaa. ^ 
 
 (0 A Uat «>f the vaiiena artidee givea to 
 Anne Boieyn ia to be eeaa ia the Chmter 
 Houae at Wetlmiaater. 
 
 (r) A mortUyiag dienmalaaee to Anao 
 BolevB. aiuce aoabif coidd aflbid a moM 
 drdded proof of the f uaatkaMbte lis kl iu 
 whiih tha waa regarded at thia tiow by h«r uld 
 Manda at the Couttef FiUaea.— Agan 8trick- 
 land, IV., 314. 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^,.v 
 
 M 
 
> lunriaf at Imt 
 
 of Rniland. tad 
 r 8uM«(, ind totUnnd 
 
 • KmI of WiHabtra, 
 r 8tai«, and Um OuIm 
 I Iha lMrald->a»>anM 
 nf tha Duka of Nm^ 
 r Ifft ans the r«l*«t 
 u and ia b«r hand tha 
 d for tha favoarila. 
 
 kiof, Ansa PMuta 
 knalt dowa, and ra* 
 4 bar MtrqaiaaU.(«) 
 nt, aaaariag hla nii» 
 mm, wan thaa raad 
 ia oeoaaioa, praaaatad 
 laiataraa paialad bjr 
 id bj tba.Arat Ruld- 
 Md ohiiaelfl for Um 
 than £1.100. Har 
 MNMd, at bar rajral 
 
 thraa ebamtiarlaina 
 ■oar. (takan flmm tha 
 taatij,) ibrta gantb. 
 laiabar, and thktf 
 
 lobar, 1533, tha kinn 
 of Paiabfoka laadad 
 •roua auita of ladiaa 
 ha intarviaar batwaaa 
 »k placa at Boqloi|na> 
 FraaeU waa unae> 
 It aiater, or any othar 
 Hanrjr'a miatrcM fait 
 ira of Da BaUay hU 
 bavaliar king Ravaa 
 bia tact OB tbia oo* 
 lad but a faw daja at 
 raa Aanr to retttm to 
 and aumptooua fca> 
 that twwn. Ona 
 twclra jrouBfl aroaaa 
 tba ball-rouia, aad 
 
 afHoaonr. ^ 
 aaaaaof HaafyyiII;, 
 
 rioai aitidaa givaa ta 
 
 • aeia ia iba Chaptar 
 
 i wuMtaa ca to Ansa 
 
 coidd afford • moM 
 
 foaiUiaMbte light iu 
 
 I at tkia tim« by h«r uld 
 
 PMaoa^—Agai* 8u(ck- 
 
 \ 
 
 Lin or MKHMT fill 
 
 •1# 
 
 «rl«etad aocb a pattaar, (thay wava tha mnat 
 liMuiiful of tha EoRliah hdtaa at Calaia ) 
 AiUr t)!*- ilanca llanry ordarad thata 
 10 unmaak, aad iho Marahtoaaat of 
 Pflinbriik«. all radiant with baaulf, waa 
 ilwciivtrad baaida Fraoaia, aa bia paitaar. 
 On tha mnnuw aha racaivad, oa awakinff, a 
 J«w«l of tha raiiis of IS.OOO crowaa. which 
 har ro/al partner had aaai bar.<*) TiaM 
 waa found aiaidat all tbaaa faatiritiaa to 
 t|i«ak on bukinaaa of iaiportaaca. Tha 
 iwu monarehi a^raad to lavy aa araiy of 
 •0,000 awB to oppooa tha p rognaa of tba 
 Tarka ia Baropa, or, u> apaak mora plainly, 
 to ba a aourea of inquiaiuda to tba 
 anparor i thay alao apoka of tha raal or 
 imaginary inaolu which thay had taeh 
 raeairad from tba Sorarri^pi Pontif i both 
 dtiarralaod to ba ravannad. Fraacia, by 
 plaeinff barriara in hia iiataa to tba pratan* 
 aiona of tha Holy M«a i Henry, by bnrakinf 
 ot from tha yokt of tha Holy 8aat but 
 tba aogtr of tha ona wai mora atodiad than 
 alaean, whila tbt raaaatmant of iba othar 
 waa mora aiaeara than aiiparan*. Haarypro* 
 poaad to appaal to a nanaral eoaacil whlah 
 woald ehork tho ataetioaa of tho 
 Papary.(k) Fraocia prafarrad a paraooal 
 {•taraiaw with tba Holy Fatbar aa tha boat 
 Maana of taminatinc tha diapota. 
 
 Aflar a loaf diaenaaion, Haary waa com- 
 paBad to yiold to tha opinloa of hia aobia 
 ally t aad it waa aecordinnly arraoi^ that 
 Iha Kiair of EaRtaad ahoold althar ba pt*. 
 •ant bioM^ or ba rapwaaalad by oaa of 
 tha ariatoenoy attha Intandaw wUeh dMiold 
 taka plaoa at MaraaUlaa, in caaa Clamant 
 •ccaplad Hio invitatkm of tho Kiag of 
 Flraacoi thai Fhuiaia I. aboald aaad tho 
 OBfdfaMd da Toaraoa to Roaaa to ragnlata 
 tha pvrilmhMriaa of tho aaaatiaii ( and hwtly, 
 that tba Fraaab eabiaat ahoold piotaat by 
 lattar agalB^I tha toaoh which tha Pbpt 
 had o Arad to tiia a oa a ra i g B a of Chriatan* 
 dom, by eitiay Haary to appaar paraonaOy 
 at tha Vatieaa aa aa ordiniiiy cnlpait. 
 OnaMrt had, by a awuaoaa aAsad to 
 diawdk of tba chvchaa la P hm dai a aad 
 Italy, oadaaad Haary to dalbad hhaaalf at 
 EoaM.(*) Hanry pladgad hia vwdl to 
 
 (•) La nf«»d.-HalL 
 
 ik) Martin da BaUay. Maab 
 
 (•) Liatatd.— La Gnmd. 
 
 Fraaria, on fearini Calaia, that ha wooU 
 sbatain, until aAar iha eonfarfn(ra,from aay 
 act of hoatility towania tha Holy Hm.(*) 
 
 Lat ua hara ramarh, that Fraaaia wa« 
 actuatad rathar by a faatinf of Jaaloaay 
 towarda Charle* thaa friandabip for Hanry, 
 ia ahowing hinaalf farourabia to tho 
 direrra. Whan at Boulogne, ha waa ct:!! 
 thinking of raconqucring luly. It waa 
 hi* day-draam, the > h«anni( riaion that 
 haila him lira. The con<|uered of Paria 
 lived ia hopea of aitain iMiriK tha hero 
 of a aeoond Man«nano. Mi bo eould lell t 
 Hearan might rotichaafa him an opportunity 
 of vindlcaling tha arma of Franca. K^tha- 
 rina de Medici would bring to hie aertmd 
 aon, to whom aha waa bairojhad, aa har 
 dowry, her right to tha fiuchy of Urbino 
 ■ad tba oitira of Placanaa and PkroM i bat 
 tha amparor kept a viniUnl watch at tba 
 foot of tha Alpa to obatmet Firancia. It ia 
 plain that tha monarch waa oeeapird with 
 warlika thoogbta. Hmea hia tynipathiaiag 
 with Haary, aad hia aadaavuura to apbold 
 a diagracafol dirorca. opaaly aa waO aa ia 
 aecraf, by meane of bia owa paraoaal info* 
 anca a« well aa by bia amhaaaadora. B«t 
 ao far froaa fitrouring a roptara bata 
 the oonrta of Roma aad Londoa, ba i 
 daaired that aa amioUdr 
 ahoold ba entered into. Hia 
 plan ol an int er r l aw had ao other object 
 thaa that K hahMlraaaoa tocaaiplaiaof 
 Cfemaaf e partiality, etill bia faalooay wooM 
 acrtr hara led him to tbaaatrcaM to wkUk 
 Haary waa earriad by hia paaaieaa. 
 
 A faw waaka after tha iaterriaw at Bo«- 
 logne, the ceortiera remarked aoeh a 
 ehaaga ia tha appeafaaco of Aaao aa to 
 prova that aha bad violalad tha aalh aha 
 had taken, when Haaty Brat eadaaanorai 
 toeednca bar, aad that Henry had ant kept 
 hia pledge with Franda of not gnriag tha 
 Pope aay farther anljact of iiacaatiaL 
 Anaa waa tmttimU: and it waa, of tmum, 
 a nmltcr of tha gmtcat impertaaaa ttat 
 tha legitimacy ^ f the child ahoold not ha 
 even diapoted. 
 
 On tha 3Sth Ja. .w^. 1533,(>) tha kia^ 
 
 (*) Liagaid. 
 
 (•) Tha dole af the cdehaatko af tha mar- 
 riagibaa impaelaat foim ia Uateey. kaalang 
 baaa a aa i ^e it cf wottaeewty. iUlaadllak> 
 
 M 
 
MO 
 
 tin or BiKST nil. 
 
 tlifl 
 
 ;-ii- 
 
 MBiBontd hia eonhuor, RolMid Lm, 
 Man dawn, to WhUahall, tu a ob«m« 
 bar in tlia Weatarn Towar, whan avary 
 thing waa prcpaiad for iha nupiial oars- 
 monyi — tita altar and iha aacaniotal 
 raatntcnta, Henry and hia miatraaa, tlie wit- 
 naaaaa, Norria and HautaKa, two footmen. 
 Mad Anna Savan*, Irainbaarer to Anna 
 Bolajrn. On thaprairiouaavaninff, Henry had 
 iaformad Lea that the Pi>pa had at laat 
 allowed him to divorea Katharine, and to 
 marry aftain, proritled it waa dona privataly 
 and without giving acandal. The chaplain 
 Taatad bimtalf, but felt aomawhat aorupu- 
 loua aa he waa to commence Maaa. " Sire," 
 aaid ha to the king, "ahor ma yonr bull. 
 It unat ba read publicly, otherwiea wa 
 ahail all incur the pain of excommunication. 
 I am already under an interdict, ahould I, 
 aa I am about to do, marry you without 
 your bana baring 1>aen published, without 
 the diTorve having been read, and in an 
 anoonteeraMd place." The king replied 
 with a amila, " What ! do you, my apiritual 
 director, you whom I see daily, auapeot 
 yonr royal maeter I But du you really 
 think ma ao indifferent to my apiritu^ 
 intareat aa to lay myself op«n to dangara, 
 tha oonaaquanca of which none know 
 battar than myaalf f Tha bull is in my 
 •abinat, where none can go during my 
 •baence. What oecasbn have you now 
 to haaitata, when I assure you thai it 
 b there f But at tbia hour, at daybreak, 
 to laava thie room to go for it, would be an 
 act of madneaa, aa I ahould thereby ba 
 
 linehad placed it on 14th Nftvember, PcetiTal 
 of St. Erkenwald, the dav on which Henry 
 and Anne left Calais. If the marringe waa 
 celebrated on the 14th of Movember, Eliis- 
 beth, bum io September, 1&33. was not a 
 nstnial child, say the AncUcan historians, 
 since the mar-'age was celebrated before tha 
 eUld'a conot'ption. But the majority of his* 
 toriana are of opiniun that the nuptial bana- 
 dktkm waa givun 3&th January. 15.33, so that 
 KUaabeth could not have been coaceived in 
 wedlock. This date is adopted by Mn. 
 Thomioa, MIm Agnce Stficktand, Stowe, 
 Oodwia, Lingard, and is perfectly correct. 
 For what teetimony can be more conchuiva in 
 auch a qneation as this, than that of Cranmerf 
 — " But nuwe, sir, you may nott ymagyn that 
 thia coronaciun was Wore her maricge, for she 
 waa maried muche about Saiute-Panlaa daya 
 laat, aa the condioion thereof doihe well appere 
 by reason ahe ys nowe sumwhat byn with 
 ohylda."-BllU, 2nd aeriaa, U., p. ftl-as. 
 
 aipn«ing myeclf to tha remarka of ray 
 courtiers. Put your confidence In me, yoa 
 have my word."(») Thia marriage, which 
 Viscount Rdobford, (brother to Anne 
 Biilryn,) communicated to Prancie, defeated 
 the phu) that that good aovereign had 
 rormi-d ot a reconciliation lietwecn his good 
 brother and tha Pope. Francia did not 
 (liaguise hia diapleaaure, bat Henry apo- 
 logised, alleging hie acruplea of eonaclenca 
 aa a reaaun " If Clement." argued Henry, 
 "pTimounced in (bvnur of the divorce, 
 what mattered the OMrriage } If ha per* 
 aiatad in diaobeying tha precept contained 
 in the Book of Leviticus, then what good 
 waa all thia diaoiation I" The king had 
 decided to aeparata firom the authority of 
 the Biahop of Rome. 
 
 The monarch, aa the reader will perceive, 
 uaea the distinction of the achoola. Cla- 
 mant would ba Pope or Bishop, aa ha 
 ahowed himaalf obliging or obstinate. 
 Unhappily for Hrnrv, t' a interview at 
 MaraoiUet waa unavoidably postponed for 
 awhile, and tha aituaiion of Lady Anma 
 daily becoming mora and mora apparent, 
 it became neeeeaary that tha important 
 aeorat ahould ba made known. Hanry 
 therefore ordered that all tha bonoora do* 
 to hia queen ahould ba paid to herj bat it 
 waa highly important to conceal another 
 aeoret, tha period of her conoaption. Th« 
 marriage waa said to have taken place at 
 tha time that the two mooaroha aapamtad 
 at Calaia, (Uth Novamijcr.) and thua aaved 
 the hononr of both tha mother and tha 
 oUld. 
 
 It now baoama naeeaaai7,iiotwith8tanding 
 tha prohibition of Rome, to proceed with 
 the divorce. Henry would have found In 
 hia kingdom oaore than one prieat prepared 
 to axacnta hia wiahaSi Hia former noB* 
 feaapr, now Bishop of Lincoln i SnapaoBt 
 who aspfared to tha aaa of Chiofaaatar { Laa^ 
 who daily aipectad hia nomination to tha 
 aaa of LiohMd t parhapa Stepbaa Umi> 
 dinar, who, m yet. had no mitfa. Bol 
 Longknd waa a doctor, without teaming i 
 Bampaon, an intriguer ; Lea, t fod| Stephan 
 Oardiaar, • niao, eomproaiiaad at Room. 
 
 (•) Saadanb tnm an ovIglBal MS.— La 
 OiaM. 
 
 ^4 
 
tha ramtrhi of my 
 
 confidtne* In m*, yoa 
 
 rhia marriage, which 
 
 (brothar to Anna 
 
 ad to Pranoia. defaatad 
 
 Kood aoveraign had 
 ition hatarean hia good 
 pe. Fnncia did not 
 an, bat Hanry apo- 
 Kruplaa of eonacienca 
 ment." arguad Henry, 
 tour of the diroroe, 
 larriaga I If ha per* 
 iha precept contained 
 tlcui, then what gruKl 
 n ?" The king had 
 Irom the authority of 
 
 10 reader will parceire, 
 of the achooia. Cla- 
 ^ or Bithop, aa ha 
 bilging or obstinate. 
 T, t' e interview at 
 >idably poetponad for 
 lalion of Lady Arm* 
 I and oiora apparent, 
 
 that tha important 
 ada known. Hanrf 
 t all tha honoora do* 
 bo paid to her) bat it 
 it to conceal another 
 her eonoaption. Tho 
 t hava taken place at 
 1 mooaroha aaparatad 
 imlier,) and thua aaved 
 
 tha mother and tha 
 
 laaaiy.Botwithatandinti 
 Hne, to proceed with 
 would hare found In 
 lan ona prieat prepaicd 
 m. Hie former eoa- 
 >f Lincoln I Saapaoat 
 M of Chichoatar; Laa^ 
 his nomination to tha 
 larhapa Stepbaa Uar> 
 had no mitfa. Bat 
 tor, without loamiagt 
 ir;Laa,t fool I Stefan 
 impnoiaad at Roma. 
 
 an eriglaal MS.— La 
 
 urn or vmnn Tin. 
 
 Ml 
 
 Hanry determined on employing a prirat 
 who had taken no prominent part In any of 
 the different phaaea throuKh which the 
 dirorce caM had paieed, and whom he 
 could elevate to the flrat aacardotal dignity 
 in England aa a reward for hia docility. 
 He accordingly determined to beetow the 
 Archbixhopric "f Canterbury on Cranmer, 
 who at A rat rejeotad the proffered dignity, 
 but not through any fear of uking on 
 himaelf a aituation ao awfUlly reaponiibla, 
 for Cranmer could not boaet, amongtt tha 
 few virtues with which ha waa gifted, of 
 either modeety or humility. Tha huaband 
 of Oaiander'e niecn did not dare to accept 
 the Arohiepiscopal aaa of Cantarburj ( fur 
 in tha eyes of Henry ovary married priaet 
 dasarvad either tha wheel or tha halter.(*) 
 
 Cranmer, after hie marriage at Nurem- 
 berg, had prudently left hie bride in Oar- 
 many, in the hop« of brighter daye dawning 
 in England, whan Popery being uprooted 
 from her island home, ha might openly 
 aoknowledge hia marriage, and aa Lather, 
 whoaa creed he had adopted reepecting 
 oontinenoe, might walk in tha atreeta 
 of Canterbuiy arm-in-arm with hia wife.(b) 
 Warham had died without gaining the 
 crown of martyrdom which he had merited 
 by hia conatant and pereevering opposition 
 to the attache on the Chnich, and which he 
 would hare certainly obtained had he but 
 lived a few years longer. He would doubt- 
 laaa hava been one of that holy phalanx of 
 eonfaeaora whom we ahall suon aea going 
 to execution ainging aonga and hymna of 
 thanksgiving. 
 
 CronwcU had repeatedly urged him to 
 be ailanti but tha prelate waa indefati- 
 gable to protnt by word aa well as by deed, 
 •gainat tha anti-Catholio tendanoy of the 
 ParUamant. To thoae who urged that tha 
 government would not dare touch Warham, 
 Cromwell replied that ho would ba hanged 
 
 (a) B*9 Heniy'e letter to Lather, and tha 
 **A$irth ttfltm ymermnwmtormm." 
 
 (k) Mr. To«id thna explains the resistance 
 of Cranmer to his appointoMnt:— " There can 
 be little doubt that be biassw the diOcultiee 
 and the danger thct were likely, under a 
 moaamh ao rmpetooaa, and yet eo supersti- 
 tious as Henry, to sunonnd the lofty station 
 mopoead to Mm. Thia, of itself would lead 
 ' nks to daeHii the aropeaaL Hia recent nuu> 
 tiaga might s u ang th s n thia relnctanoe." 
 
 in a galluwa twice aa high u that eoai> 
 monly used, out of res|>ect %i» his title aa 
 Archbishop. (*) Turmrnleil by the prayera 
 of Henry end his friend*, and seduced by 
 the hope 'hat the king's divorce would 
 lead to thf fall of Catholicism in Knglandt 
 Cranmer determined to beoome Warham'a 
 successor. Henry felt grsst eonfldence ia 
 tha docility of the former frequenter of 
 the Dolphin and tha husband of Jao- 
 queline. Waa thia oonAdetiee an insult or 
 an act of justice to the new archbishop f 
 Cranmer waa accordingly, to the surpriaa 
 and sorrow of a great number of Cathulioa, 
 nominated tu the eea of Cantarbury.C') 
 They remembered the hill paased by tha 
 Parliament in lft3l, a bill prohibiting tha 
 aolidution of all bulla firon tha Court of 
 Rome. The king, however, reqoeetad 
 them of Clement for tha new prelate, 
 which waa immediately granted. There 
 were eleven in all taxed at 900 ducata, 
 which Cranmer paid tnm the revrnuea of 
 hia aee, which, by tha prinee'e order, ha 
 waa to receive fh>m the 9th of Saptambar 
 of the preceding year.(*) 
 
 We havD now arrived aA ona of tha moot 
 eurioua phaaaa in the life of Cranmer t— tha 
 hiatory of hia oatha and peijuiica. At 
 flrst, ere ha oould take poaee aa ion of hia 
 aaa, ha took an oath of allagiaaca to tha 
 king aa Arohbiahop elect. He then awof* 
 to ranounoe all and every clacee, aaataneo, 
 and Injunction, contained in tha divan 
 bulla of the Pope, aeknowledging that ha 
 only hold hie episcopal aee daring hia 
 nu^jaety'e good pleasure, to whom ba pro- 
 miaed on tha goapel. and by God'a help, 
 
 f«) Le Grand. 
 
 (d) M. Parker, Da Antia. Frit 
 
 (*) By the flrst of these onUii, Cranmer wad 
 vronoted to the Arehbishopiio of Csnterbnry ; 
 by the second, elected Archbishop; by the 
 third, abaolved fi«m every censure ( the north 
 is addrceetid to the snlfranuis { the flftb, to tha 
 dean and chapter; the sTitb. to the clergy of 
 CanierbuTv; the seventh, to the laity of tha 
 diocess; the eightti, to the tenanU of all Uada 
 dependent on the see. These bulls are dated 
 'ilst February. IS33. By the ninth, (of tha 
 3'ind of the same month,) he was to be ounee- 
 crated after taking tk* oatkt prvtribtd &y Me 
 Pom^fleal; by the tenih. he received the pal- 
 lium; by the eleventh, the Archbishop of 
 York and the Bishop orLoadon waia oom- 
 maodad to biveet him with it 
 
 T 
 
•/- 
 
 !; 
 
 MJBi.. 
 
 vnu or iiHii«T Ttii. 
 
 •bMttraat, Mid Ildcllt7.(*) Tba otNinony 
 •f th« mmMcimtion took plaoa al St. Pator'i 
 Abbajr, W««knlfiil«r, on U>« 30th of March, 
 1M3. Cranmar'i cona«oraUn|{ bithopa 
 war* Ihoaa of Lincoln, Kiatar, and St 
 A(aph.(^) Bafora hia contaoration, tha 
 ■nhhiahop ataol araaobliHad bjr tha formula 
 ef tha PontUlral to swear ob«dien«e and 
 ■Uaffianca to tha Holy 9ac, with bia hand 
 Uid on tha holy foapcl, and onllinK on Ood 
 Md tha aalnta to witnaaa. Ha waa alao 
 obligad to awaar that ha aubmiaaitraljr 
 raoaivad Ihatraditiona of iha Fathan and tha 
 eonatitutiona of tha Holy 8aa, to promiaa 
 obadlanoa to St. Patar In tha paraon of hla 
 Vienr, tha Popa, and hia aucca a aora, ao- 
 oordinft to canonical authority, and to pra- 
 atrvf ehaatity.(*) Cranmcr nu longi*r 
 balicvad in aithar tha authority of tha 
 Pathars or tha eonatitutiona of tha Apoa- 
 tolie 8a«. In hia aya, tha t'opa ivaa no 
 Innfar ilia Vicar of Chriat, or the head of 
 tiia Church; but. on tha contrary, hia 
 HoUoaaa waa mRrkad with tha mk<i of tha 
 banal on hia forahaad. to uaa tha vary 
 axpraaaion of tha Rifomar, whoaa niaoa ha 
 had married. Ilia Towa of ehaality, whiah 
 ha had Juat renewed, ware in hla opinion a 
 piaca of aaoardoial mummery, ainre ha bad 
 baan recently married at Nuramburn. 
 Tha worria ha pronounced at hie oonseeratifl« 
 vara taken from a book which ha r^ected, aa 
 flllad with idolatrooa cararooniaa. Tha 
 ainta» whom ha would invoke, ware tmabic, 
 Meofiinff to hia view, m hear him. Hla 
 eoaaeerating biahopo balongad to thai 
 •nriel whora of Babylon, whom ha bad 
 floadamnad while at enpper with Oaiander. 
 
 (a) I, Thooea Oraamer. ranoonoeandntterly 
 foiaeke all each claaaea, worda, aentencei^ and 
 cranta, which I have of the Pope'a hdioaM in 
 lie bttlle of the Arehbiaho|irie af Oaatarhury, 
 that in any BMUiner wea, ia, or may be hnrtAil, or 
 pr^ndioial to ycur hi^hnrna, yonr heira, eao- 
 oeeeoie, eelatee. or dimity royal, knowing my- 
 eelf to take and hold tha aaid arobbiahoprio 
 Immediately and only of youi highnaei and of 
 none other. Moat lo wely beaeecning tha aame 
 fur rtelltttlioB of the teniporaUtiaa d the aaid 
 archbiahawic: profeeeing to be fhlUiful, true, 
 and obediMit, enbject to yonr Mid hiihnew, 
 your heira and ancoaaaora, during my lUe. Ho 
 help me Ood and the holy evaagaliaMi — MBfl. 
 Oleiop. v.— Strype. 
 
 (k) Tedd. 
 
 MVooMmU Romannmt tat eowaemt. 
 
 At tha time of hie cnnarerailun h« reoeived; 
 aa biahop, |Hiwrr to raise thuae wlion: be 
 ehftuld deem worthy to the priaathood, tQ 
 breathe on tha furthaad* of tha ncophytaa, 
 to confer on them the power by their btne- 
 diotion of changing the brvad and wina 
 into the oody and blood of Jaeue CHUitr, 
 to offer the Holy Sacrifice, and to say 
 Maao ae well lor the living a* tha daad.(') 
 Cranmer no longtr regarded the Maae in 
 the light of a aaerifloa, nor did he believe 
 in prayers for the dead, nor in Purgatory, 
 nor area in the Real Praaaaca. Ha had 
 left all theea auparatitiooa noneeneee in hia 
 eacond wife'e bed-chamber at Nuremberg i 
 twice married ha could not, aecordinx to 
 tha eanone. have become a prteat. What 
 would he not do? Tear tha Papal Bull, 
 break hi« croaier, deetmy hia palliutn, re* 
 jeot the Pontifical, and boldly prociaiii his 
 new faith i This would have been tar 
 courageous an act for Cranmer. Peijured 
 before taking the oath, according to tha 
 axpreeeion of Cardinal Pole, he went, a few 
 minutee before his coneecratioo and by 
 royal parmieeiun, into the chapel of St. 
 Stephen, accompanied by four witaaeaaa 
 and a notary.(*) And in their praeanoa ha 
 prataated that, in tha oath ha wae about to 
 take, pro ybrmd. to tha Pope, ha did 
 oot engage to perform aay action cootrary 
 to tha law of Ood or of tha atate, nor to 
 offer any oppoaition to euch raforme ae the 
 king night deem expedient to make in IIm 
 Chureh of Bnglaadi dieavowing every 
 hind of oath that his proetora at Roma 
 might have taken oontrary to that which 
 he had taken to tha king hie nia8tar.O 
 
 (*) Boeeoet, Hielory of Variations. 
 
 (•) " Sabecrlbed in preeanoa of me, — Wat- 
 kin'a prothonotaiy royal, and a notary public, 
 and of Jotm Tr^gnnwall, doctor of laws, 
 Thoaue Bedyil, clerk of the eoandS Richard 
 Owent, doctor of daoretale, and principal 
 offlcial of lha court of Oaaierhoiy, and Joan 
 Couka, doctor of Uwa— Lambeth, MSB., No. 
 lias. Thia pntaetatioa. therefore, waa not 
 made befbre the oonaacrating prelalea. 
 
 (') TboBMi Oraameri urotaatativ contra 
 jnriadtetianam papm Homam. 
 
 la Dai nomine, amen. Curim authantieA 
 
 penoni et teetibna fide digaia, hie prmeealibua, 
 ego Thoaue in Oantaariensem Archleepienpnm 
 aTectna, dico, aUefS, et in hia tcr < fii palam et 
 
 pnblict et expiaeH protector : ov IcOm Jam-' 
 BMmtnm elva Juiameata. ah mfm in Oant.^ 
 anhiap., aaauso poMiOei pq ssta r i satito hm 
 
 ? 'it 
 
 y ii i i i i H iaM 
 
iceriiliin h« netini', 
 •U* ihuM wlioii: ha 
 to th« priMlhood, to 
 J* of th« ntiiphytat, 
 fmwar bjr tbttr b«n«> 
 iha br«»it and wina 
 d of Jiaui CMairr, 
 crlflce, ind to uf 
 ring M thu d«»il.(4) 
 igardad iha Ma«« in 
 
 nor (lid ha baliava 
 I, nor in Purgnlorjr. 
 Praaaaca. Ha had 
 >«M nonaanaaa In bia 
 ib«r at Nurambargi 
 Id not, aecordlnx to 
 na a priaat. What 
 W tba Papa) Bull, 
 trojr bia palliuta, r*. 
 I boldly proclain hk 
 uld bara baan tor 
 Cmnroar. Paijurad 
 li, according to iha 
 Pola, ha want, a fiw 
 >na«craUon and bf 
 
 tba chapat of Ht. 
 
 bjr foar witniai H 
 in thair pntaanoa ha 
 «th ha waa about to 
 tba Popa, ha did 
 ■■f aoUon cootnrjr 
 of tba atata, nor to 
 •uch raforma aa tba 
 iant to maka in tba 
 
 diaarowing avarf 
 
 proetora at Koma 
 timry to that wbi«sb 
 g bU ■iiaatar.(0 
 
 r Variatigoi. 
 aence of ma, — W«t- 
 •nd a nuury public, 
 II, doctor of lawa, 
 tlM OMwdS Riobard 
 rtala, and prinoipal 
 loiarboiy, and Joka 
 junboih, MSB., No, 
 , therefora. waa not 
 ing prdalaa. 
 i urotaalativ contra 
 uu. 
 
 OtiHm aiKhaniieA 
 inia, hia pratantibna, 
 MHB ArchlaapMopnoi 
 hia tor < fit pataai at 
 mi qv IcAm Jnm« 
 ab mi-m in Oant^ 
 
 tiFR or aiiimT tiii. 
 
 fJt 
 
 Oanmar than ratumad to tba ohuroh 
 rcatad, and Rending hia aUpa to'vanU tha 
 high altar, whara tha Blahopa of Uneuin, 
 Kxator, and Mt. Aaaph awaitad him, turnad 
 towarda hia wltnaaaaa, daclarad to tbam that 
 ha p<>raiiUd in tha prot^at ba had Juai 
 mada.(') liftad up bia band, and took the 
 onth praaeribad bjr tha PontlAcal on iha 
 opan goapal.(k) Ha promind not to 
 divul«a any Morat that tha Pupa might 
 eonllda to bira ailbar diraotly or indirectly i 
 
 ami conwcral^onam, ant lampora ^uadam pro 
 f'trnX poil&i qiiAm pro aaaa, am ra ubliga- 
 t<>rli ad llUm ohtinandam oporlaat; non oat 
 n«c arit mnt Toluntatla aut Intanilonla, par 
 biiJii«modi Jnramantuin val Jnramanta, quail- 
 taroumqua vtrba in ipaia potila aonara vida- 
 buniar, ma obllnra ad aiiquod raiiona aoruiii' 
 dnn po'tb&o diccnduin, fMlan'iiiin aut at* 
 taropian Inm qui>d nat aut •»*» vldabiiur oimlri 
 InRxin U«l. val •onlrt lllualriaeimnni roKam 
 no4lruin hnfVm aul rampubhoam hnjiia aui 
 rcRni, Anilia lagaa aut prwrugativa* fjutd"!!! ; 
 et quod non iiitetido par h^iiwmodi Jur<iinen- 
 turn aut jar«manta quuvla modo mo obliipira 
 qunatinte libor* loqm oimanlara at tionwniira 
 valaaai in onmbua at aingulia refnrmaiimam 
 raligiouiaohrlatiaaw, rnbaniationem Angli^anw 
 ant pramfaiivaa corona qjutdam. reipub- 
 llowra oomnoditalair qnoqoo mode oon- 
 carnantibua. at aa nbiqua at aaoondam hano 
 inlerpratationaoi at intallaoium buiio at non 
 alitvr alio modo dicta Juramanla ma pna- 
 aliturum protaator at proAiaor. Piota*- 
 torqua inaupar, quodouniqaa Januaantnm 
 ait quod maua proearatw aumiio poniiSni, 
 mao numina anUlUc praMtiterit, quM non arat 
 ia'antlonla ant volunUlia maa MA aliqiiam 
 dara poiaatalam ot^ua figota at qnM Jnraman 
 turn BMo nonina praataro ant Impoatarkn piaa 
 
 tandopnafatoilloatriaaiaioAngllaragi. Btcaau 
 qnM aliqnid lala aontrarinm aut repugnana 
 Janunanlam mao nomfaM p ra a ti tarit, protaator 
 quM Ulud, ma iaaeio at abaqoa tMk aocto. 
 ritata praaUium, pro aullo at iavalido caaa 
 voto.— Htrypa. 
 
 (•) Manibna anla tan ana, auta laetaram 
 iduadam acadnla at Jtuamanti la aedant con- 
 tanti praatadoaaaa, bi mai at aommdam taa- 
 ttum praaantig aaaamit at protaatatna aat aa 
 diotaai oadwlaBi laetaram ao Jnramaatnm 
 laibl tamartttm praatlttufua aub praaaiaaia pro- 
 taalacionibaa alUa par aamdem eo die bi 
 dioto dono eapitBlari la maA at aoramdem 
 taalium praaaatlA kabitie at fbotia et aon aliter 
 aaaaa aUo modo.— Lambath, 1188., No. 1 136. 
 —Tba above la tke depoaitiaa of tka noury 
 WatUaa, takaa at Craamar'a trial la Iftft5. 
 
 (k) LMBbetkMSS.. N0..11W. 
 
 be promiaatl to defend th« Holy See end 
 itarighUi be promiaad to treat the Apia* 
 tolla lygau* with due honour, and to aaaiat 
 tbam aa far aa lay in hia power i ba pro- 
 miaed, too, bia homage to the Po|>e onea 
 erary two yearei be prumiaed nxithar to 
 aell. alienau. or pledge bia epiacopal poaaa. 
 aiona without the lanction of iK« Sovtraiga 
 Pontilf.(*f Tba ceremony of uie aaointinf 
 commenced. Aa aoon ae ba bad been ooa* 
 aeorated, Cranmar again reminded hie wit- 
 naeaee of the prot«>at;('') took the oath of 
 allegiance, for tha aecund lima, to the 
 Pontif, and received tho pallium hfi tba 
 Papal d«lf«gatae.(*) Three oatha and three 
 eeparate acU of perjury in three boural- 
 Cranmar. on taking off bia mitre, muat 
 have been delighted with hia day'a work, if . 
 It lie true, aa a modern hiatorian aug- 
 gaeta,(0 that tbaea oatba and aota of par» 
 Jury ware only a proof of tba candoor and 
 loyalty of the Arobbiahop. 
 
 (•) Ego Thumiu, alevtiia Cantuarianala ab 
 bio heri, ul anleA fldvlia «t nbr<lien« aro B. 
 I'atro, Hanota apnatolica romana Koi laaia at 
 domino meo Olementi VII., aulaqua auca i»»» :::; 
 aoribtt* oanonici InUantibiM. Noii ero in oo8»' 
 ailio aut eonaenau, v«l facto, ut vilam penUat, 
 vul mambruffl, aen oapiantur mal4 eapikwe. 
 Oonallinm TerA quod mihi credituri eunt pM oe 
 aut nnncioa ad aorum damnum, me aeiaaia 
 nemml pa ndam. ramiiiin laiamiiiii et re- 
 ■null Plin^ ailjutor eia ero ad ratinea- 
 'd«(lmdendam,aal*o meo nomine, contri 
 omnem horolnem. Legatum aaneiaaadia apna- 
 tolica in auado et redeundo bouorlAoi tracubo 
 et in aiii< neceaaliaUbua aHJuTabo. Voeatna 
 ad aynoduns veniam aiai prapaditaa Ibero oa- 
 nontoi prapwUtione. AmMoiurum liaUaa rw 
 mank curii axitieuu citri Alpee aiagulieMwiiii 
 ultri var6 montae aingulia bienalfai vbdiabo par 
 me aut per meum nuntium, niat abaolTal lU ' 
 centia. P a eeaaaionea rerft ad ma a aa m met epJa- 
 ooitatba pertbieniee non vendam, neque donabo. 
 naqne bapignerabo, neaue da novo bifradabo. 
 vel aliquo mudo alien tbo, faicoBeullo ro ma n a 
 
 £«tiftce. Sic ma Dana adiurat at haw Baaala 
 faagelia.— Strypa. Buol. Mamoriala. 
 
 (A) Lambetb MttS.. No. 1136. 
 
 (e) Lambetb M88., ib. 
 
 (0 "la a proof of bia candoor and iale- 
 grity."— Soamea. Boaaoet waa of anotbar 
 opinion : and, bi conaaqneaoeof that, Mr. Todd 
 aaya of kirn. " Even Boaauat baa daeemkled to 
 tba rank of a abmdaeav of CraaoMr."— 8aa 
 HaUam-e ConatiU Hiatory af Baglaad*. ^ 
 
 Vr-*-*'* V"" 
 
f 
 
 LI I 
 
 lit. 
 
 CHAPTER XXVI. 
 
 DITOROI AND CORONATION.— lUt. 
 
 OMiftMtilon of ih« N*Mo«i»l Ct«ni7 aonTtntd, who prouMqi.M (n hwmt ttl III* OI*«fM.— Th« l 
 
 Irt*)) btfor* Crtnmcr M nanitobU. — K»th*rinA itiMmi-n«d. — R«ft>t«« l« •ppaw,— It proiio«inM4 
 
 •onluniMinai - Hcnuin'* (l««n hy th« Prloi*i*.-—Th« Qiimq infonuMt of tl. B«li*«loar of 
 
 KMfcwtM.— Ampiblll.— OoitMMttoa of AnM lioi*fu.~HnU of lCUa*k«<h. 
 
 Thb Archhiihnp of CJanterbiiiy contlnoiMl, 
 u li« }i<ul commfDMil, h\» iwotold eh«- 
 iMMr. Htniy, tceura of bit MMinplie*, 
 fM«lv«d to obuln from th« clergy uwmblad 
 In oonvAoation thit divorct whtrit be had tn 
 T«ia iltemptad to wrMt fmra tba Pop« 
 dnrinff tht lut flv* ynn, I'ha prtUml- 
 ■wiM of th« procMdiniri wtr* intriMttd to 
 Cromiirtll. At Kttb«rtn« had it in bar 
 pow«r, b/ claiming tha protection of Iha 
 Pope, to put a atop to iknj m'^iure Cranmar 
 mi|rht dtaire to comntence, tlie Parliament 
 forbade her to nppaal under pain of the *t»- 
 tote of PtwmuHirt, iinpriaonment aod oon- 
 liacatlon b<;ing awnrdrd fur every appeal 
 f^oan tha ■antence of tha tpiritualto Roine,(') 
 Md thua enrfaained the tongue, whirrb 
 tlwy eoulil not eat. The nembera of tha 
 ««livocation were divided into two claaaee { — 
 ttMolof[iena and oanoniata. To tha one 
 balooffad tha reiiKiooa queetioni to tbo 
 •Ibar tha quaation of canon law. Tha 
 fiP lhaokiglaBB ware aehed if B diapcnaation 
 ftoaa tha Pope could aani. ion a brothirr 
 mmnfint hia widowed niater-tn-law, in catc 
 of (Ita Aral naarriafa having been eonattm- 
 OWied. Tha oanoniata wrra asked if the 
 dapoaitiona taken before tha legatee proved 
 that thfl amniaga had been conaummatad. 
 The dlaeuaaion laatad two daya, under 
 the ptarideney of Cmafnrr,(<>) whan 
 tha TOtca ware taka^.. 'I1ia theologiua 
 
 wtm omwIM bf *J^ »^^ °o«*- "^^ ^^* 
 quaatkm, atohwr Henry had lawfully 
 mmM Ka*haitoe, aixty-aix decided in tha 
 
 (M Liorard. 
 
 (k) In Iha pireaaooa of Iha mw 
 Todd. 
 
 negative, and eiitaan in tha aflrmativa ^a) 
 Out of forty-four ouoaiala, sU only rotad 
 againat Haory. 
 
 At tha mnvoeation at York, which took 
 place on the Aih of May fallowing, the 
 eame mode of procaadtagi waa carried on, 
 aod there were only two dlMantiania ia 
 each departnant.^') Tbera waa tha* 
 played a efene br^wven Henry and Crta- 
 m»r, *>r vie* i«t.«rf.('") (for w» are not ceruia 
 wbich waa tha princi|Ml acv^r.) conparablo 
 only to tha fariraa enacted un tha ItaUaa 
 board*. Tha arohbiahop raqonted fron 
 tha king iiermieaion to try the km9 aa 
 primate in the Arcl lepiaropat Court at 
 Ctntarbury, and thua avoid tha daagata 
 menacing tha auooaadon, Henry rafuwd, 
 •01 that ha did not furaaoe tha daiagara 
 menacing tha aueceiiiinn, but baaaaaa 
 Cranrn«>r had itated In hi* petition that ha 
 would Judge tha apiiltual cauaa by virtue 
 of tha Divlna Lawa of Holy GliiiMkO 
 Henry waa advaraa to each aa *»pNMkm 
 being again utad. The arehbiahop, ptaHaat 
 Car Ua fault, becam« mora uiMeM. Ptaa- 
 trata at tha feet of hia avraraign, ha again 
 requaatad panaiaaioB, but thia time la tha 
 aama of Ood alone, to proaovaoa on tha 
 validity oi tha m»rTiafe.(i) Tha king 
 yielded, but at tha aama tima ramladad th« 
 
 (•) Boraai baa alMaied thaaa ^ft» lata ao 
 many oaivereltiee. 
 
 («) Lingard. 
 
 (•) it ia evMeat the whole ntttar. relative 
 to the rtaueat of Ctanmer, had been prevJou»ly 
 •aooaitail betweaa the arohbiahop and the 
 Una.— Tytler. 
 
 (0 Aeecrdiag tathe iawaa of Qud aad Holt 
 Ohnrek. ^ 
 
 {§) Mat! P»?en, L. mn, a»l. 
 
 , A 
 
*P|MW,--It proao«in*t4 
 1 of tL — B<h««lour of 
 
 I in tlw ftflriMltvt ,(•) 
 Miata, all only twimd 
 
 •I York, which took 
 
 May fullowknK, ib* 
 
 dkagt WM earriod ob, 
 
 lw« diMMntUnu ia 
 
 ThtiM «u Um« 
 
 in HfBrj Md Cnw* 
 
 for w« M« not etruin 
 
 •I tLB-MT,) rompurabki 
 
 tetad un kb« luUaa 
 
 ihop r«qant«d froa 
 
 to try lh« CMo m 
 
 wpiicopal Coart ot 
 
 I avoid tha daogaM 
 
 on. Htnrjr rafuatd, 
 
 fi>raa«« tha dan^ara 
 
 »ion, but baaattM 
 
 I bit iMtltion that ha 
 
 tual rauaa by virio* 
 
 of Holy OhiOTk(«) 
 
 •oob aa tuitrNikMii 
 
 arehWahop, paiOlaat 
 
 BioM mgnL Ptaa. 
 
 I aviraralfn, ha aptln 
 
 bat thia Una bi «iia 
 
 to pioiMNuea on lh« 
 
 {«««•(*) Tha MBff 
 
 M tioM ramladad Um 
 
 gtd (hMa iqwt into m 
 
 whola Bkttar. nlmir* 
 
 u, had b««n pratrloiuly 
 
 arobbiahop and tha 
 
 iawM of God aad Holy 
 
 NO^aoi. 
 
 Mri or ■■war viii. 
 
 ar<>hhl«hop that, aa hint, ha M«o||n)tad M 
 <rthar naalar than (la<l <va ••rth, and w,,»\<i 
 h« •nhmlMtva ui «b« authority of no eraalad 
 httnf , ami •• iba i«itnl*tar oltha maaUr of *li 
 ■ptHitiai Juriadictton ta tha btii«d»ai with^d 
 to docbia iha qaaallon bi tha nama uf Qoo 
 Akowa. ha muld no toofar raaiai hta humhia 
 
 fWtteion (•) As A nnn«M,j.«o«l «f this 
 
 apialolavy intriKua, a ooutt uf Juatica waa 
 ftiraad at Dunatahla, about fottr or llva 
 JiUm trmm AnpthiU. »h«ra Katharint hai? 
 haaa mllad. Coufiara wtra in rMuiinaaa 
 who wan to eonray lo Oomwall tb« vari- 
 out iraMactiona of aafh <iay.(k) Craamac 
 had fM|c«ata4 tha taeralary lo htap thti 
 holdiaff ol this douH a profound Morat 
 froia all i for if It ba.l baan known, Kalba- 
 rina. parhapa, iBi«bt hava mada up bar 
 mind to appear, aad. notwtthat«ndlnf tha 
 lata tlatuta, would not h«vr fhll«<i lo c.npaal 
 to Rmm I a attp whieit would hnva aaiualr 
 dlaoonaartad thair plant aad prolunRad 
 tha trial. (•) Tha king only r«quir«d 
 •aoraey and proratlluda. 
 
 On tha appototml day(8lh May, ISSS) 
 tha prlmata. aatiatad by Longland, Biahop 
 of Uaooln, tiardinar, raeantly alactad U, I 
 tha aaa of Winohralar, Ora CU^brooka, j 
 Tragoowall, Ball, Harvay, Olirar, BtalCon, 
 Mr. BadylLC) tod olharoanoniaia, look hia 
 •aal a* prMidaal t both Hanry and Katba* ' 
 riaa bad haan auawranad. On Saturday ' 
 tha hiac appaarad by dapoty, but iUlha< 
 riaa rafuaad to aekaowladna tha authority 
 of tha aourt. A aaooad writ waa iaauad 
 and aartad on tha qiiaan. and oa tha foU 
 lowlag Maad^Ti arttaaaaaa vara oallad to 
 
 (■) ''. eoaaidaiaUoa whataof, albeit w«, 
 batiiff yaar kiaf aad tonvarayBa, do raoofnrM 
 no twiwrtear ia yorth, bat oaaly Ood. and not 
 balng auhiatta to tha lawa of otbtr erthely 
 craatuiai Nt byoanaa ya ba, nadrr u«. hy 
 OodiJia oallylBfand owara. tha aioata pryncipi il 
 mvnayiiar of oar ■plrttaall iariadiclloa, wkbin 
 ihta oar raalma. wha wa tbiak amiradly i* »> 
 in tha ibara of Uod aad h>v« loward«« ih< b- 
 atrranca of tbia lawaa. tho tha whiokc l» wa w«, 
 ttaGbtialen Kjmr, Ib^va alwMaa h(.<ni(()ft.i«, 
 •ad ahall arar muata obadyaaUy aiituuji uitt- 
 latr, will n 4 ibonfor* rtAiaa (oar ptuaminant 
 powf and aii«ihoritia to aa, aa(i -ur aao««aaoata, 
 lit Ihiobahatr, aararthaloMaava^) your kunbla 
 W?S* •*"' •■* towai4Baa.-iliia Uatl,. 
 Vol. »t,f.m. 
 
 (^) UanNI, 
 
 (•) HoyOa. ■eoMa raalwuate, tha HIatory 
 of tha Mbrmatlaa of iha Ohaich of Sajtiaad. 
 
 <) Thoawa Bad;^ waa olarfc or Iha eonaeil. 
 
 "T- 
 
 prova tha »«nfing uf thia aaeoiMl riutiwa, 
 aa aUti to |»rova iha m'ftaummalion of tba 
 marriaffa batwcan bar aad tlia Pnnea of 
 Waiaa. Katharina waa praniiHnead"Varily 
 and manir«ai(y «oniuinaH ua." On tba 
 Haliirda/ fulluwinf, Katbartna wa^ oltad for 
 tha third ilroa an baar aaatMi«<a pronnunoadi 
 but aha atiii praaarvwi tha aama aiJaapat 
 aad on tha Friday afUr tha PaaUral <^ tha 
 Aa«ana»<m tha court aiMinblrd. and t'ran- 
 Bwr. aa prealdant. proiMtiincad tha aantanca i 
 Tha marriaffa balwaaa KathaHaa aad 
 Hanry ia, in (ha nama of (Uni. daclarad 
 anil and void, wt havlnir boon oontractad 
 and oonaummatAd in vioUtl.m of Iha Oiaioa 
 Law."(*) Tha ju.lMaa i«ft thair aaaU. aad 
 ona of tham. Mr. Badyll. haataaad to wrila 
 to Cromwall: "My Lord of CaaUrbury 
 haa babavad with uraat (irudanca and ran 
 akill, to that avan tha a<iunaal of Lady 
 Katharina, had aba ampkiyad asy, would 
 aot hava auapadad hiaof partlaUty."(M 
 
 Tba aantanoa of tha court at UunaUbIa 
 «M immcdi^ialy communiealad to tha 
 kinf, ^han Oranmer. iinitatinR i|. John 
 th^ Baptiat. bada tha prinaa aubmit to tha 
 daetaa of kaavoa, whooa wrath ha »oald 
 moat carta! nly incur, wara ba lo '^raiab 
 in living with bin brothw't widow > yai 
 Henry had oaaa«d coluibiUoff with KatluH 
 rina for thraa yeara, and Anna had bow 
 baan tnctintt for naarly aiz moniha.(i} 
 
 Cardinal Pula prataoda that Craanar 
 
 oonld not hava Vmma aarioua ia tbua ma» 
 
 nactnn Henry with Divina van«tanoa^*) 
 
 Bui mattara wara not yet at an and. Maaf 
 
 curioaa queationa unfavoarabte to Haory'a^ 
 
 honour were rniaad. It waa aak«d how 
 
 tha kinif could ooatraot a new marriaffa 
 
 bafora tho int had baaa diaa<>lvad I What 
 
 waa tba actual poaitioa of tba Prineaaa 
 
 Mary, ainca tha eourt at Lambeth bad 
 
 decided that the kinff'a only child had baas 
 
 eoncaived and born ia ineaat i Who wm 
 
 tba hair %^> tha throne, tha Priaaaaa Maif » 
 
 {•) Wilkina' ConoUia. 
 
 (') And my Lord uf Caatarbitry haodlatl 
 himaoirTaijr well, und »«nr unrifhlly. wiihoal 
 any eridAnt cauae of auapi'ciot to ba aoiad ia 
 him by Vat, oounaal of Lady Katbariae, if aha 
 l>ad had any praaaot hare.— aromwalfa Oor* 
 remeadonea. SUta Papara, IL, 8M, 8Uft. 
 
 (r) Lintaid 
 
 Grand. 
 
 Pola Epiat, da Saenta. ■"'>»iiirin. La 
 
M« 
 
 uni op ■■HUT w%u. 
 
 m IIm ttittrf wtkk wImmi Ann' BttUjn »M 
 •!•■<■(• f CranOM* ktM » •*«no<( ooturt •! 
 UiatMtli. *n<l ftA«r having liMwd Um hlag 
 kj emmoll, «»fflit*ll]r iWlmi^d ♦>»•» ilmrjr 
 bad b«»n Uwritly manUiti thai 
 w«4 putOM IM><4 mantra* I 
 Md llMt kl (iamad naaaaMry. ba iro«M 
 
 gnniim M K« hi* Bflttimilr U tuti«« ••>*) 
 
 pHmMa.r*) Duriim 'b*** iinfortunaM dka- 
 auMloaa NLaibarina waa ronflnad t<> bcr 
 bad hy tUaaaa, •• naah * pray «o manlal •• 
 bodii| aaiiutoh 
 
 On tha Sfd of J»lf. bar ftirmar paga, 
 
 MoufUjof .(»»)«»<*#<» at Amivtliill, wUhathcia 
 
 •I ika htM^'a ettantallora. to inform iha 
 
 laraltd of Iha doubia MiitorKia pronounaad 
 
 at DanuabU and Lambalh. Mount)<»f , aft*r 
 
 havtng oblain«<i (MrmtMion. aawrwd iha 
 
 q«Mtn'i apattmant, accomp^nl*'* »iy tha 
 
 roinmlaaioMn and aoinr of bat atland»nl». 
 
 On haaring tha lint wotda of lh« uaaaaga, 
 
 which (ba raqaaaud to ha raxi, and finding 
 
 that It waa addraaaad to har at tUa Pfinf*M 
 
 Dowacrr of Walaa. tha Uft«l haraalf up, 
 
 tnd laaalng on bar albow, it^ippad Mount- 
 
 )07, aU^Bg that tha ordar euuld aot ha 
 
 latottdad for li«f who wi« Quaan >)f Rng- 
 
 ksd. for har th« orownad wife of Henry, and 
 
 wlio had tha gloriona titlea whkh *ha would 
 
 •Untotbalaatdajrofha/Ufa. Tha eom- 
 
 mtaaiwaara, aa thajr tell ua in thair oflcial 
 
 dlapatah, (•) andaa«our«d tn oaln har hf 
 
 boMtiag of Hanr7*a piaaareaity, who had 
 
 MMAMad. M • Nward for Kalbarina'a atib- 
 
 ■laaian. aot only to allow h« tha dowry 
 
 MTUNd for h«r by tht Priaca Arthw. but 
 
 tTM to iBWWMa It Katharfaa only rapUad 
 
 to Ihia laaultlat oflbr by a mii» of con- 
 
 Imnpt. Thay than adoptad aaothar coiin^ 
 
 and appaalad U) har faeUeg ai a Chrlatiaa 
 
 and a nothar. Waa It through prida that 
 
 ahaparalatad in praaarviogihe liiiaof Qaaan) 
 
 If aha vtmi to obay Hanry, parbapa 
 
 Mary would ba dlriaharitad, and did tha 
 
 fteoia proapaoti of har dilld inilaeBca har t 
 
 ** Do you acouaa ma of pridr, whan I wiah 
 
 lo pioTa to tha world that I am tha wUb 
 
 Uacurda 
 BoUar'a BnMama. 
 
 (•] Tha oooMiMeiiara wara Lord Mowi^W^ 
 •irBohart Dyi 
 Kteharda. and ' 
 (MM. Otho.a 
 
 kohart Dtmaiook. John Tyrrall, ari«ih 
 i ThomM Vaul«. Thair rtport 
 , 0. la) ta to tha Siata Papwa, 
 h.. M7. 401. 
 
 Md aot tha ao««iihlM of a pt^iHM with 
 whom I hara lir«<( for twanty yaora *" 
 rapliad Kathaitna anergatlraity. ** Mary 
 la my bahtvad rhitd, tha •tavgbtar ol tha 
 Kinf aa4l Utia^n of KoqUnd H^iah 1 
 rartivad har friMS 0«d. and aa tuah I g-.va 
 ba* to har fblhar Ia^9 har ovothar, aha 
 artll lira and dta an ho«4at wamaM. Spaak 
 not lo ma !)f any dann^r that my da^htar 
 may trrur. I hari no fta^ fur him wita 
 baa only powar <»T«r tha body i h«t I «iar 
 Hini who baa alana powar ovar tha aoul." 
 
 thiring tha talanriaw, ona of tlia oom- 
 miat<<>t)«ra liraw ii|) • lUlallaii arnunt o( 
 iha (Hrcumatanoaa. Xaiharlna »r<lar«d h)w, 
 aa hia quaan, to ih* w har tha raport. Tha 
 Qourtiar raapaetAiHy obayad tha prinoaaa, 
 10 wh jm ha hani^ad tha papar an hIa hoaa. 
 Than KathaHna aahlng firr a pan, aff^md, 
 arllb a trambllng hand, thi a>ptrvaal<in 
 " PHaoaaa Dowagar" wbarwrar It o««wir»ad. 
 Thia doeuntant atill aiiata with tha 
 araturaa(''i Moun({|oy ordarad bar tar- 
 vanta, in ilia naii^« of tha hlnff, <o iwaor 
 faalty to thair mi«..ra*a aa tha PrInaaaa 
 Oowagar of Walaa i but Katharina, mU 
 lading h«r l)ttla?8«naining ttrangth, fothado 
 thair Ukiiig luch an oath, and iha wtia 
 ohaytd.(*) Thia hrroioqu««r *a« a woman, 
 and aha w<tpt. Wa hava bar latiara that 
 wara moiaUaad with k«t taaiai othara, 
 wham h«r trambllng hand in vain audaa< 
 rourad i<> wrlta Wgibly. In arriltng to 
 Cbarlaw, hmt naphaw, rha beggad hlin to 
 pardon tha many araanrM iha had mad*, 
 ai liar haart waa ■« tmibM thai htr pan 
 rafuaod to porfcrm it* wontad woriiC) 
 Bugdan, (now callad Boekian,) whara 
 Katharina had ramorad, waa a palaoa of 
 tha Biabop of Linooln'a, about four oiUaa 
 from Huntingdon. Sha thara apaat a 
 mlaarabla tinia, baing only allowad to ratals 
 fkom hrr numaroua auita of domaatioa on* 
 ohaplaln and two or thraa fenuda t«r« 
 vanu, who atill gava har tha tilla of Un 
 
 fi 
 
 Mta<i MrtoUand, IV.. IKk 
 
 S(a«a Papara, 11, 397. 
 ^ , Hupplyoando a V. M. qua pardona myaa 
 boronaa par qua aty oomo my ooraaoo aali 
 ynqyato, ryga my raano i qua no aacrrra my 
 nana, (;oaa d«liya. En Buvdun. t VIII. da 
 fahroro. Lettar in Om p pM im l on of M . PvuiUal 
 da CoaehM, at j^ajiis. 
 
 . » i^'fl'-f 4' 
 
Mm of • pHwM wHk 
 I for iwvnty yw« '" 
 
 I, tiM >la«||lilOT at tiM 
 of Kn4<«n<l »'>«*> I 
 ki4. •ml M aiMih I Civ« 
 
 hoftM* WltOMM. flfMkk 
 
 tnit^r (hal my itM^lllar 
 « no h»t (ur him wiM 
 r lk« bcMiy I h«( I Cnr 
 iwwar avw th« Mul." 
 
 Tt««r, 0M »f ttl« MN»- 
 
 p • ((•(■ll*<i M'cnunt ol 
 Xmhariit* ur<l«r«<l htw, 
 •r h«r th« raport, TIm 
 
 ttM paper 3« hit knM. 
 Iiln( Arr » pMi. <itftM«<J, 
 
 hand, Ihi t«pn>M)iiic 
 f" #h«r«v«r tl 0«««n9A. 
 •till •iltta wtlh tlM 
 ntjiiy ord«r«(l iMir Mr- 
 « of th« klnn, «o «w«tr 
 i^rsM M tb« PrilMWM 
 I) bat K*(b«riiM, 0(?l* 
 lalntnir ttraniith, fotbuik 
 
 •n Mth, anci ih* wm 
 
 roioqUMP «M « WOWMIi 
 
 « hav« htr l«Uar« thM 
 ith li«r tMf«i oib«n, 
 g hand in vain aiidaa- 
 »tfih]j. la wriilim to 
 ew, aha beggad him to 
 maiuaa aha had mada, 
 
 traabM that htr pan 
 m ita wotttad amriiC) 
 Had Bookdaa.) wbara 
 novad, waa a palaoa at 
 goln'a, about four aUaa 
 
 8ha thara apant a 
 ■m only allo«r«d to ratatu 
 
 1 auita of domaatioa on* 
 > or thraa fcmala t«r- 
 ra bar tba tilla of Uar 
 
 Mrs or niMM VIII. 
 
 id, IV^ I 
 11., 897. 
 
 ISOi 
 
 a V. M. ^ua pardona myaa 
 Mj como my oonaoo am 
 auio i au« no aacrrra my 
 En Bucdun. * VlH. da 
 ha poaaaaaloa of M . PvuiUal 
 
 M^laatr, H«r aota happiiMM waa la 
 prajrar, aad (h* tpani hoMra ta thai aaaralaa, 
 vMk bar r<ir«ti«ad raaitatagM « atnall win- 
 49W roMMiandinf a via* of %h* ehapal, 
 Ona J^T, una of bar aarranla cotning t<> 
 aSiK iba wliKiow. (wrealfad iha marbia on 
 wbKb Katbartna « baad waa lacUatag, wat, 
 •« if Mia bad (kltaa •■ M. 
 
 Brviry baart In Chrialandooi wm wtucha 1 
 •rUb Kathaiiiia'* *»lhri»t(t. Thay alud 
 da bar moiiatty *in-dat all bar Krandaur. 
 bar angcUe piaty, har raaitnaiion U iba 
 wUI of baavan. and bar aouraga aod rlriua. 
 Tbay wapt ovor liar vbtld. uitd runad 
 lUnry and hia fbroartua Crooawall and 
 CraiidMf. Tba ona bad aftaan from a 
 AiUar'a abop, aad tba otbw from aa hoaulry 
 at C>ftmbri<lca. to b« ibt iMtrunanIa of ao 
 artful daalgninf woman, who, allkixinh at 
 Paria aba bad auld har frniura at ao ohaap 
 a ra'a, waa aaoatdtogly gay In Kaglaad. 
 Tba ataa lu Kaglasd --■T: :"*-*i tba 
 wooMHt vara Ibr frooL htiag ao. Hanry. 
 in ordar Ut ailanca tham, aant I^dy R<ieh. 
 ford, tba tia ar-inlaw ul ilia Dulia of Nor. 
 folk, to tba Towwr, for rafuaing to giro tba 
 tttla of Quean to hia mialrtaa.(*) Trial* 
 yat A'tfaaMiia w»n raaarvad for liAtharina. 
 Tha ilay which a>ou)'! baboiJ iha c<>n>iiation 
 of htr rival «raa faat •ppn>avbing t and 4t 
 waa aaid that tba king daairad that ik« 
 laatiral ahould Av nnad anything yat 
 knowa. aad tbit lo hn*« tba ibundara of 
 tha Vatiran, aaM to alavau in tha a/aa of 
 hia paopla i,'(%* quattt of hia eboica. 
 
 A eontaaiponwry biaioriaa, whoia wa 
 quota, haa ^ivaa a hMttul but aimpla ac 
 eouai of tba fb^vitiaa of that day i "Tha 
 Quai»fl of fiaglaad laft Oraanwieh,(* ) on 
 Monday, at 4 p.a„ tad waat by watar in a 
 boa*» batfaig aararal paaaaala flying from 
 har rnaai Anns waa aeeompaniad by har 
 hidiaa aad maida of beaottr. Thara ware, 
 moremrar, a buadrad or a hundrad and 
 twanty wbkb aocompaalad bar iikawiaa 
 adornad witb paaaaata. Thaaa barka bad 
 ■lim aad high maaK »ith taokUng aa on 
 vaaaala of a bwgar alio, adoraad mi& amall 
 NJTata bannarata aad tisaallad with gold, 
 (unlaaa I am much miatakaii), for they i«- 
 flaetadiatibaatia, nd tbay had au board 
 
 s 
 
 Lfaigard. 
 
 IMUniaa Hl((urii|im da Oam^<aal. 
 
 W4ny ilrviwa, uuuipata, flataa, ana 
 
 boya, «ad tbay arrltad at tba Towar of 
 l,oni.u(i in iaaa than half an hour afW 
 laairDig <lr«anwi*h, whara Uioy arara tatutad 
 hjr Iba vttllary. Tbair landing waa a ma«. 
 aiHoani atgbt i far baaidaa Iba aba««i 
 maaitooad buba, I baliara tbarr war* naora 
 than two hundrad litila boai.' w> uih »n|. 
 lowad, and ilia wbdia rtrair wa* eniwilad 
 with iKMia Tba qua«n did aul allr frw 
 bar apartmaiila on IPriday. 
 
 •' Ob Saturday, about Ira o'etoak p.m., 
 tha afoiaaaid lady, vaatati in har rayal gar> 
 manta, whxih am aflar tha pattern uf thoa* 
 of tha Quaan of Franca, aatarad aa opaa 
 e4Mab, tlaad ariibln aad wttbout with whita 
 •alln, and ahnva it wa* a canopy of «rold 
 cloth. Thar* followod twaWa la<ll«a dim^d 
 In gold cloth, on na|t« lihawia* adornad wUb 
 cloth of ih«**ina material. .Vftar tham cam* 
 aeharlot, in wbidb waath* Ducb*** of Nor- 
 folk, tt*i>-moth** of tha duka of that 
 nam*. Than eania tarrlva maldana on naga, 
 dr<««ad in crimaon rclvat, aftarwarda thraa 
 gildad chariot* cnotaloing aavaral yuuaf 
 ladiaa, and in the rear twaaty or thirty 
 mora on naga draaitad in black relrat. 
 Hurruunding the ((uaan'a carriage ware tba 
 Duke 01 Buffolk, who wa* for that day 
 CuuaubW, Lord WiUiam Howard, brother 
 to tba Duka of Norfolk, who acted aa 
 Earl Marahal and Chamberlain, iu lien 
 of hi* bruther. H*fof« llMin walked 
 two men wat/tng armiaa cap*, *irnilar to 
 tbo** worn by tb* high *hrriir at f^iie 
 Tbaa eama tha Fr*oeb araba**a<lor, aa» 
 eorapaniad by tha Arebbiahop of Cant«r> < 
 bury I than tb* Venetian ambaaaador, ao- 
 oompanied by the Lord Chancellor i tbaa 
 aararal bkbop* and the nobility aad gentry, 
 in all abool taro buadrad i aod bafura 
 tham walked PVaach marehaaU. dreaaed in 
 riolal-aoloarad irelrat, with alaeve* of tb* 
 quaaa'* oolour, tbair hair adornad with 
 valvat-^ourad taffataa intermingled with 
 whit* oro***a. There wsre atagea erected 
 la the varioue aqoarea, where aooie of tha 
 Biyet«riee were performed, and a fountain 
 playing with wiaai and the maivhaaM ' 
 vara arrangad in rank* in their variona 
 atraatni tha quaan than catered a room 
 whidi had been prepared for her. whert 
 aha took aonM wine, and then retired to 
 her room, and the prooe**ioa wai diimi*a*d- 
 
 • I 
 
 ,i 
 
 ■ 
 
M8 
 
 UfK or HKMBT VIII 
 
 " On Sunday morning, ■ccompinied by 
 the afore- mentioned lords and Kentlemcn, 
 the walked to church, at Westminster i 
 the road thruuf(h which she passed was 
 covered with gold cloth, and wu twice 
 <ht length of the gardens at Chaniilly. 
 Tbe bishops and abbots, in their mitres 
 and PontiAcsl habits, met the queen and 
 accompanied her aa far as the church, 
 and amr having heard a low Muss, she 
 tocended a platfonn that had been prepared 
 ka ttoni of the high altsj, covered with 
 scarlet cloth, and near to where she had 
 been sitting, and which waa moreover 
 raised by ten steps and covered with a velvet 
 carpet ( and there she sat after that she had 
 been crowned by the Archbishop of Can- 
 tarbory, who afterwards said the Mass of 
 the flOfonation. The Duke of SofToIk 
 arae for the nonce Master of the Ceremo> 
 nies, and stood bende the queen with a 
 large white rod in his hand. The Lord 
 High Chamberlain and Lord William 
 Howard were also near her. Several p«er- 
 essee were behind her, dressed in scarlet 
 vahrat and ermine mantlea t the peers, with 
 die knighta, were also dressed in scarlet 
 iobaa lined with ermine. The coronation 
 being over the queen left in like numner aa 
 ■he had cume^ Mth the exception of the 
 bishops, and want to a room prepared for 
 a banquet. The tabka were very long, and 
 the Archbishop of Ganterbnry waa seated 
 at a separate ti^le at a distance firom bra. 
 The queen had two fauiiee ecated at her feet 
 to aerva her eeoretly inth all that she might 
 reqnirat and two othera standing near her, 
 on ^thor side, often held to her Csce a fine 
 doth when aha required to apitC*) The 
 
 (a) Hall relatee the aaasa ciiGVSMtaace. 
 '*0c her ti^dit hand stood the widowed 
 Countess of Oxford, and on her left, the 
 Countess of Worcester, all the dyner season, 
 which dyvers tymes <n the dyner tyme did boM 
 a iyne cloth befiire the queno^ uoe when die 
 list to spit, or do otherwise at her pleasure." 
 . Neither ftirutt, in hia " llsaners and Customs," 
 nsr Mill, hi his " HislMy of Chivalry." relate 
 fliia liagular incident at the conmation dinnar. 
 
 dinner wae very long and well terved. She 
 had an enclosure around her when none, 
 eave the attendants, who were noblemen, 
 were allowed to enter; the banquetiuK hall 
 waa very large, but there was no confusion. 
 Below the queen's table were four long 
 Ubles, where ihe nobility were sested, and 
 below them were many of the gentry) at 
 another table were the archbishops, bishops, 
 the Lord Chancellor, and several earlt and 
 knighta. At the ubiea at the other side of 
 the room wcra the Lord Mayor and alder* 
 men of London, and the peeresses of the 
 reslm. The Ouke of Suffolk, sumptuously 
 dressed, waa on horseback, richly capari- 
 soned in scarlet velvet, and rode round 
 the Uble, so also did Lord William 
 Howard, they having been charged with 
 the mrMt/lsiioe of the ceremony. The 
 king, who did not make his appearance in 
 the banquet-hall, waa with the French and 
 Venetian ambaaaadore in a balcony, whence 
 he oould see the whole aisir. AH who 
 came in, no matter what was their rank and 
 ■tation, were supplied with meat and wine. 
 
 "Trumpets and hautboys summoned the 
 gneeto to thchr repasta} on the following 
 day waa a tournament of eight against 
 eight, one party being commanded by Lord 
 William Howard and the other by Mr. 
 Carew, Grand Squire." 
 
 Anne waa eonflned of a daughter on 
 the 7th September, 1633, about three 
 montiia after her eofonation, who received 
 the name of Bliaabalht at the ftmt. Henry 
 waa much disappointed as he had wished 
 for a eon and heir. Indeed Anne, hefma 
 her eecotieikenMl, wrote to different memben 
 of the ariatocraey in formteg then that she 
 had gijren birth to a piinoe.(^) 
 
 (b) The Queen Bolsyn tb Lord Cobham,. 
 And where aa it hath y l sass d the goodness of 
 Almi|^ Ood, of U» iai^te auude and 
 grace, to sand untoue, at thia^me, mod spede, 
 tai the delyverauBce and brhwfaig foithe of a 
 Priiief.— MSS. Hail.. Tol. m p. 7ft. After 
 her couflnement. the letter s wae added to the 
 word iViafle.— Slate Papem, IL,40r. 
 
 ^-*s# 
 
and wan (erred. Sba 
 Dund her when nooe, 
 who were nobleman, 
 ; the banquctinK ball 
 lere waa no confiuaion. 
 table were four long 
 lility were aeated, and 
 ny of the gentry i at 
 archbiabopa, biahopa, 
 and aeveral earl* and 
 M at the other aide of 
 rd Mayor and alder* 
 
 the peereatea of the 
 Suffolk, auntptuonily 
 •back, richly capari- 
 et, and rode round 
 
 did Lord William 
 I been charged with 
 be cenn<Miy> The 
 die hie appaaranee in 
 with th« French and 
 I in a balcony, whence 
 liole aiair. AH who 
 at waa their rank and 
 1 with mest and wine, 
 itboya aummoned the 
 rtf} on the following 
 snt of eight againat 
 eonmanded by Liord 
 1 the other by Mr. 
 
 I of a daogfater on 
 1633, about thne 
 nation, who received 
 It at the ftmt. Heory 
 id aa he had wiahed 
 Indeed Anne, befiin 
 a ts different nenben 
 imnbg then th«t alie 
 irinoe.(^) 
 
 fa ti> Lord Oobham,. 
 y i eaee d the goodneee tt 
 » inl^le marde and 
 « thia^me, mod epeda, 
 d briujiDK Ruthe of a 
 T6l.m p.7». After 
 ittar • waa addad to the 
 apentlLfdOy. 
 
 tiS' 
 
 ;»-^- 
 
 Um or HBMBV VIII. 
 
 MM 
 
 CHAPTER XXVII. 
 
 SCHISM OF ENGLAND.— 1538-1534. 
 
 Olemrat VII. annide Oramnm'i MUtenea.— The Dnke of Norfolk mbI to France to pemade Fraaoia 
 to pinnae hit ooantiy iaio Mhitm. — Motirca for hia eondaet.— The Pope arriTea at ManaillM.— 
 Henry haa no aecteaite^ uobawador to mMt Hi* Holinett. — He •ppedi to a 0«ueral Oowndl. — 
 Cleucnra patience. — Maw encroaclimrau on llie anihorlty of the Holy See. — dementia deflniiita 
 ■enlcnee.'— England acpantea trvva the Boman Communion. — Berrioca rendered by OathoUeiam 
 to Rngland.>-Daath of Clement VII. 
 
 Th* Saered Collego at Rome wh deeply 
 grieved on hearing of Cnunnegr'a aenten 
 the divorce of Katharine — tho king'a mar- 
 riage — and the coronation of Anne Boleyn. 
 Charles V. c*meetly beeought the Pope 
 and cardinala to chaatiia the perjured 
 monarch, the oppreaaor of the queen, the 
 faithlen haabaod, the pcraeentor of the 
 Churoh.(*) Bnt Hia HoUneaa had the 
 Autrtia tipttm numnumtotwn before hia 
 •yea, and that magnificent work had the 
 effect of pacifying Clement VII. With 
 hie wonted irrciolation, the Holy Father 
 •aaented, heaitated, rapentdl of hia piomiie, 
 prayed fervently in bia oratory, implored 
 the Oivioa Light, aad UeUaed to the in. 
 ainui^ona of the Froneh ambaaaadofa, who 
 daily propoaed to hin aome new project of 
 receoeiHatioB.O) Bnt patianea moat be 
 exhaoated; and m U«ad of the Chnrek, 
 whoaa sothorily Haaiy had inaolted, 
 QeBWBt had a dnty to peifbni. He ao> 
 eordiagly aamdled tha aaa t a B oe el tha 
 Arehbiahop of Cantartniry, aad on the 11th 
 July, lASSt CKCommnnicated Henry and 
 Anaa^ naleaa thcj aepamied bafora fta end 
 at a^/tuthui but on the arrival of that 
 BMath h« yialdad to tha prayers ^ Cardinal 
 
 (a) PahniarfelateaJt hia letter to Cardinal 
 Cameo, Oat CleiMBt kdd tiba aeeoot of tbia 
 inceetttona amRtege before the eollege of car- 
 dinala, that piaeaadinga aright be taken aceoid- 
 ing to tha ecplaeiaaWetrf lawa ; bnt that he 
 
 giving aeiiteaee (hat he mii^t conault 
 with Charlaa v. oa tha aalrieot, or ooneUee it 
 mora at leisure.— Lettete da* Priactei, IIL 23. 
 Baynaldna, XIII.. SItti 
 (a) Ungard. 
 
 de Toumon, one of tha luaiinariea of tha 
 Ftanch Chtueh, and consented to poatpone 
 the promulgation of tha fatal ecntence till 
 the end of October, and R^nca loat no 
 time in communicating this weloome intsW 
 ligenee to Francis. 
 
 "Sire, owing to the excellent reaaom 
 adduced by Cardinal de Toonon, His 
 Holineaa, out of love to you, has oonMntad 
 to delay tha promulgation of the eentcnca 
 of exoaramunication till the end of Octobei^ 
 to which arrangement tha Sacred CoUcgs 
 have uaanimoualygivea their aeattat. Sirs, 
 our Holy Father haa ordered me aince dia- 
 aer to writs and inform yon of what hM 
 bssn dons in Consistory, and to asanrs yon 
 that tha principal cauas haa been the dUi- 
 genes ahown by hia Eminence Cardinal 
 da Tonmon, as well aa hia truati that you 
 will be abis to effect lomething for Enghmd 
 in your approaching interview with hia. 
 Such, I can asauzsyon,haahia Holineea'aiost 
 •ameet deeirs."(«) It waa imagined both 
 at Paria and Roma that a month's driay 
 would bs suffident to effset a iscondUstion, 
 especially ss thsy sxpsctsd that nneh 
 would be done at the interview at 
 Maiseiileat Heuy would then aee the 
 Sovereign Pontiff, and he woold umnSIf 
 be undde to ndst the tsfis of Clement. 
 fiut thess hopse were soon dashed to t^M 
 ground; for Henry had joit given hie 
 sanction to the bill for the abolition of the 
 
 («) LcttT» ilo Bainee a Francoia t — ItSS. 
 B4thune, v. 8«S. 
 
 .!<*■ 
 
lirR UV HKNKY TITI 
 
 AnniUM,,'*) pretcndiiiKi m Le bad the 
 •udkcity to ■iicrt, tl»i the Pope had never 
 either 4irectl/ or imlireotly oppoied the 
 neaaure; thua waa Clement'a alienee and 
 patience turned againat bimaelf. The 
 Duke of Norfolk, attended by a numeroua 
 auite, had juat left fur i^nncr, on the plea 
 of entering into an arrangement with the 
 Sovereicn Pontiff) hia embaaay waa, how- 
 ever, in fulfilment of a prbmiae made by 
 Henry at Calaia } the king thua appeared 
 to keep to hia wordi but Norfolk waa in. 
 •truoted with a twofold niaaion, in the eye 
 of Europe, he waa a meaaenger of peace ; 
 but in reality had to fulfil a miaaton of 
 hatred. Ho waa inatracted to peraudo 
 Fhuicie to relinquiah the interriew at Mar- 
 ••fllaa, to Ubnate hinaelf ttom all allegianea 
 to Boaia, and to appoint a Patriarch in his 
 kingdom ;(k) in other worda, to violate hie 
 promiee to the Pope, and to imitate the 
 conduct of the Saxon princea in aeparating 
 ftom unity. Thia Duke of Norfolk had 
 haen anddenly tranaftmned by hit grace 
 the Archbiahop of Canterbury into a divine t 
 l.e, into one of Osiandar'a diaoiples. He 
 urged the neceaaity of "attacking the Holy 
 See, and the authority which the Pope had 
 unjoatly uanqwd." He pretended that the 
 Pope " had no greater authority out of the 
 diooeee of Rome than any oUier bishop i 
 that the authority which the Pope exercised 
 over Christendom had no force, save and 
 axoept by the assent of the princee whom 
 the Pope, under colour of sanctity, had 
 so bUndsd respeotiog their usurpation, 
 which was contrary to the Divine Law, u 
 till now to ba svpportedby them."(*) 'Thie. 
 if the reader raooUaets, was the argument 
 need by Lnthcv bi his "Da Captivitata 
 BabylonkA." 
 
 " Usurpatkm!" waa Henry's reply to the 
 German apostatei "usurpation! but wAm 
 mm this power usurped) Stolen! Let 
 them tall osl Howmany ages ago? Look 
 •t histc^; seardi its pagea through. If 
 tUs power ba io old that its origin cannot 
 bf traced, then are we not aware that all 
 
 (•) Slatutee of the Baalm. " An act oea« 
 eeraus leetraynt of payment of Anaates to 
 the see of Rcime."— Bnraet. 
 
 (k) Linpid. 
 
 (•) MW. Mtknae, V.M6I. 
 
 authority whoce origin is loat in the night 
 of time is legitimate, and that it haa been 
 forbiddon by univeraal law to touch that 
 whicl> .ime hu made immutable. "C) Be- 
 nrath this appearance of seal for popular 
 liberty were concealed evil passions t^bich 
 did not escape the obaervation of the 
 Bishop of Bayonne. "It waa the goodt and 
 not theyood of the Church," ae Fiaher wit« 
 tily obaerved in the Houae of Lords, in 
 1699, that atimulated the seal of Norfolk, 
 and of other courtiers { but Rome waa not to 
 be thua duped ; (*) and theae deairea formed 
 the moat active element in the Reforroatioa 
 of England. 
 
 About the middle of October. 1533, 
 Clement made hie aolemn entry into 
 Marseillec, amid the pealii g of beUe and 
 the genuflexions of the peo^ ; and lodged 
 in the ancient Monastery 'J St. Victor. 
 Francis would not remain in the city, in 
 order that the Pope might be the eol« 
 maater of the town in which he took 
 his residsnce.(i) In the Pontifical torUjft 
 was m young maiden dreeeed in gold 
 doth, and who had hold of the hand 
 of an aged man, tha Duke of Albania. {(>) 
 it waa Katharine de Madieis, niece of 
 Clement VII., and betrothed to the Duka 
 of Orleana, eon of Fhmcis I. The Popa 
 wss truly inebriated with delight; Francia 
 deeiring to proflit by it, exerted hie influence 
 in favour of Henry VIII. ; but the English 
 Ambassadors, (tha Bbbop of Winehetter 
 and Bryan) had reeled at thia dedeive 
 moment no order from their sovereign, to 
 act o£Beially in the negociattoas introduced 
 by tha Fkaaeh King. Ciemnt could no 
 longer conooal hia iadi(piati<mi Francia 
 who fUt hfansslf daapty iasoltad, eoaosalsd 
 his dissattsflMtkm, ket by any hasty act to 
 
 Assertio s^tso; Seeraaaentorua. 
 
 " I began to speak of thi aflldn of Bag* 
 laa'd'in the seme manner u. i bad spoken to 
 hk BU^ieety. To wbioh M. de Oraavela 
 answered : first endeavonriag to show that the 
 cod and oraect of the Lutherans and the King 
 of Enafaual waa one and the tame, not to dia> 
 pate about the doctors of the Gburch, or about 
 aay article of the Faith, but to aeUe eccle* 
 riaatical property, and ahake off the yoke o* 
 the Apostdk 8m."— Cod. 1488. aciitio A 
 Toledo [Card. Famese.] 
 (<) Oregorio Lett, Vila di Carlo V. 
 |() Oapoflgoe Hist. 4e Fmaoe. 
 
Lira or iixNBT VIII 
 
 asi 
 
 ia lost in the night 
 
 •nd that it hat been 
 
 lal law to touch that 
 
 I immauble."(<<) Be- 
 
 :e of leal for popular 
 
 d cTil pataiona i"bich 
 
 obaervation of the 
 
 *'It was the goodt and 
 
 lurch," aa Fiiher wit< 
 
 Houae of iMtdt, in 
 
 the Bcal of Norfolk. 
 
 { hut Rome waa not to 
 
 d theae tleairca formed 
 
 nt in the Reformatio* 
 
 of October, 1533, 
 lolemn entry into 
 pealii t of beUa and 
 le peO| . ; and lodged 
 aatery 'J St. Victor, 
 main in the city, in 
 I might be the eol« 
 D in which he took 
 the Pontifical eort^w 
 m dreeeed in gold 
 hold of the hand 
 Dokeof Alhuiia.{(>) 
 e Medieis, niece of 
 itrothcd to the Duke 
 >^cia I. The Pop* 
 ■ritb delight; Francis 
 k, exerted hie influence 
 [II.; bntt^ Bngliah 
 Ibbop of Winehetter 
 nred at thie deoiaive 
 gs their aoTer«ign,to 
 gociatiou introduced 
 , Clematt eonld no 
 «di(pitti<mi Fraaein 
 \f iaralted, coaoaaled 
 A bj u J Iwaty Mt to 
 
 SeeraaMntoma. 
 ^ of th4 aflldn of Bng* 
 tar ac I bad apokan to 
 lich M. de OraaTeia 
 owriag to ahow that the 
 iUtharana and the King 
 d the tame, not to di*> 
 of the Church, w about 
 ih, but to aeUe eocle* 
 ahake off the yoke o* 
 Cod. MBS. Sciittodk 
 
 Ha di Carlo V. 
 le Fmnoe. 
 
 loee an ally whom he desired to benefit ; thia 
 command of temper completely diaarmed 
 the Pope. It was arranged that a courier 
 should be dispatched to London to aak for 
 lettera accrediting the ambaaaadora to the 
 Holy Bee, and that in the interval, the 
 marriage of Katliarine with the Duke 
 <if Orleana should be Bolemnised.(*) 
 
 On the 4th November, Bonner, the de- 
 voted friend of Cranmer,^) and whoae 
 sympathies in favour of the Reformation 
 were at that time notorioua, arrived from 
 England, and asked that evening for an 
 audience with the Pope, which waa granted 
 for the following day, in the morning of 
 the Sth ; and Bonner preaented himaelf to 
 the Sovereign Pontiff, holding in hie hand 
 a paper from Henry appealing to a gene> 
 ral couneiL Thia insolent ohalleoge, which 
 had been secretly aettled on in London, 
 about the end of July, had not been oom- 
 municaiod to the noble prince, whoae medi- 
 ation Henry had aougbt(«) The Pope, as 
 he waa then on the point of entering the 
 Consistory could not attend to Bonner, 
 who returned in the evening to read alond 
 his master's appeal The onerpeoted ap- 
 peranee of Francis, happilj intercepted a 
 scene in whom the Sovereign Pontiff 
 wonid have fonnd it diffioult not to have 
 given vent to his indignaUon. But Bonner, 
 two days after, again preeented himaelf at 
 the Monastery of St. Victw, and after wait- 
 ing two hours was introduced into Hie 
 Holiness' apartment i the old man had »• 
 snmed his wonted eeranity.O He calmly 
 told the ambaaaador, who demanded a 
 reply, that he had nsver intsndsd to oflSrad 
 Henry t thst his p r e d aees a or. Pops Piua, 
 had eondemnsd an appeal to • soondU and 
 that, eonaeqnently. he r^jeetsd tiul' of ths 
 King of England, as raah and unlawfiil. (•) 
 
 fflBaynaI, Histoire du divoree de Henil 
 — Ungard. 
 
 ambaaaador aS 
 
 letisr, dated 
 18th AugueW IMS, in his LiA of 
 
 (lO Turner apeaka of this 
 "unfearlng and neroe." 
 
 (•) Strype haa inaerted this 
 Windaor, 18t 
 Craamar. 
 
 (d) Raynal. 
 
 («) That he never nqjuatly grieved yonr 
 gnuce; that he knoweth, nor intendeth here- 
 after to do : bat, aa there waa a oonatitnlion of 
 Pope Piua nia predeeeaaor, that did condemn 
 all such appeaia, he therafcrs did reject yonr 
 grace'a appeaia aa fHvokMS^ fbrbidden and 
 nnlawftiL-^touier'a Letter. 
 
 Francis wM for some time enspccted by 
 Clement of conniving with Henry, he hsd 
 however no great difficulty in juatifying 
 himaelf, and pacifying the Pontiff, llis 
 Pope left Maraeillca for Italj, promiaing 
 hie boat that Henry'e appeal to a general 
 council, would not by any mrana be aa 
 obstaole to his reconciliation with the Holy 
 See, provided the King of England wae 
 pasiflo in hie intentione. Henry consented 
 to negoeUte, and accepted as his advocate 
 at the Court of Rome, the Biahop ol Bayonne^ 
 then at PSrisi the prelate whcm Anns 
 Boleyn had draassd sa a hunttr, when ahs 
 used to go deer-stslkirg in the park at 
 Hampton Court. Henry seemed for a 
 moment to relent, his sg< nta were ordered 
 to thank Clement for his kindness i to pro> 
 pose to him to appoint a court to try ths 
 divorce in England, with a clause that ths 
 sentence before promulgation, ahould bo 
 submitted to the approval of the Holy See; 
 to promiae him that England ahould in ths 
 mean while be obedient, as in daya of yora^ 
 to the Apoatolio authority, and to flatter 
 him by the offer of eonoesaiona yet mors 
 important, if Rome ahould yield in any way 
 to the "Defender of the Faith."(<) 
 
 Henry deceived Clement as hs had 
 already deoeived Charlee V., Franoia I., 
 James IV. of Scothmd, and all his aUiss. 
 It might have been auppoaed that Wolaey 
 had left hiscofin and resumed ths seals t 
 Englsnd hsd not ehsnged her polities. 
 Read the diapatehas of her amhaaeadorsi 
 in every page a falaehood, and oftsn one iir 
 every line. But Wolaey, had his life been 
 spared, would havs ahrunk firom |m act of 
 achiam, and it was to this goal that ths king 
 waa urging on hia aubjects. While Du 
 BsUsj was on his way to Rome, commis- 
 sioned to negooiats for a reconciliatk>n 
 between Clement and Henry, the Parlia- 
 msnt had asaonbled, and were diaoussing 
 sevwal bille, destined to wrest ths kingdom. 
 fIroBa ths Roman comuiuion. The draw- 
 ing up of theas bills hsd been intrusted tp; 
 ths two greatest enemies of the Holy See;; 
 Gromwdl, wiw had been appmnted Chan- 
 csllor of ths Exchequer i(^ andCranmer, 
 
 O Lingard.^* 
 (r) Lingard. 
 
 ■7-»f 
 
 ^^' 
 
UfM or HIKBT Tilt. 
 
 who had ButhiBK man to axpMl, ud whoM 
 Interest it wm, «t wrvj huard, to ntaiB 
 the Arahiepifloopkl M« I both ir««uld. th«i*- 
 ton, tupport the bills introducad by th« 
 crown to Parliament (■) The fint of these 
 bills reecinded the statute pasted nnder 
 Henrjr 11. against heratioe; not that Parlia* 
 isent deeired to tixeinpt theu from all legal 
 punishment, since a new act was passed 
 condamnii(g heretics to the fire ( bus it wu 
 Meentially necessarj that the clergy should 
 no longer be the sole Judgee in ruch ma^ 
 tare. In ftiture, neretice were to be tried 
 Ura all other criminals, without any refer* 
 •noo being made to canon law.(^) By vir* 
 tiM of a saoond act, no synod, no convoca* 
 tioB ecukl be convohed without royal 
 n^orityi auch existing canona and decrees 
 M wit* not contrary to the rights or pre* 
 logatiree ahould be considaied valid in law, 
 «BtU it was deemed proper that they ehould 
 ba fsviaad. A eommittae was foroad of 
 iiztaen oMmbers of Parliament, and an 
 mgatl number of the clergy, to examine tha 
 •edaaiastieal eonstitutions, and to rataia 
 Mdh as war* useful.(*) 
 
 A new bill, conAmiag the statute which 
 ■boHahed tbo Annates, enacted that tha 
 Bonination of biahopa ahould no longer be 
 Nbnitted to the approbation of tha Pkpal 
 Beat diat oa a aea becoming meant, the 
 Usf ihoald isaoa to the dean or chapter, 
 tba prior or monks, a tongi fiUn within 
 fmikn days, nominating the subi*ct whom 
 hw would Umaalfpreeant; that in case of ra- 
 ftuj, tha right of eloetioa should daToIra 
 OB the crown) that the prelate nominated 
 or elected shoold first awcar obodi«iea and 
 ftdty lo the ^'ng; that tha monarch alMmld 
 infpnn tha ardibiahop of the elac t ioa, or 
 if there war* ao archbishop, fbnr bishops, 
 •■joining them to eonflrm the election, and 
 to eonsecrala and invaat tha biahop, in 
 oidar that ha might r«eai<>n froM tha 
 friaca tlM immnnitiee, poeeeesions, and 
 MMbotas, epiritnal aa well aa tempenl, of 
 khi dlocaao.(<) Another net abolished the 
 PMar paaea, and all prosurations, dalega« 
 and aacpeditioBe t:^ iralli conantiag 
 
 M Melohior Adan, ViU Qanmeii. 
 fk) Ba]^ de Thoyras. 
 I*) Lingsrd.— Rapia de Thoyras. 
 h) Lingard. 
 
 bom Rome, Md enacted that all graces^ 
 dispensations, and indulgenoee should be 
 issued by the Archbishop of Canterbury, 
 on condition that a portion of their pro* 
 rince be paid into the royal treasury. All 
 religious housss eiempted firom viaiu lost 
 this pririlsge.(«) 
 
 People now began to inquire what Du 
 Bellay was to do at Rome, eince Hea:y, by 
 theee rarious legiektire measures bad pre* 
 eluded every hope of reconciliation with 
 titj Holy SiMl How could a French 
 bishop, who had so long frequented the 
 court at Greenwich, coasent to advocato 
 the ca.!ise of a aovcreign who was in the 
 habit of breaking hie word? Du Bellay, 
 aa ambasaador, miut have been wcU 
 acquainted with Anne Boleyn's early life at 
 Palis and her subaequent tntriguee with 
 Henry. He had himself witnessed Mk«-«- 
 Utu between the lovers which he had 
 given to the world in a vein of rich eatire. 
 He knew that the Archbishop of Canter- 
 bury wae a married prieet. He was alao 
 aware that Lee, who had secretly celebrated 
 the marriage at Whitehall, had been ra> 
 warded for hie ailenca with a bishopric | 
 lie had predicted six yeara before the revolt 
 of certain aobleoen againat the authority 
 of ihe Pnpe I he had ssen through tha 
 seorst motivss of cupidity which actuated 
 the king's counsellors in carrying on tha 
 J&ir ol the divorce i vmj thing was 
 kaowa to him, evee Anna'a secret inlding 
 for tha Raformatioa. And yet this was the 
 biahop whom we meet with in Cleroent'a 
 apartmaat, teasiag an old man by supplicn- 
 caticas and satraatiaa, to become tha 
 aoeomplioa of a aaatnal, hypocritical, and 
 paijoiad aoveraifB. The Pope^ on the 98th 
 March, wsat to the Coasistoiyt Uimonetta, 
 aoditor of the Rott. laid before the cardi- 
 nals all tha documents regarding the 
 divorotk and out of twantj-two, niaetaan 
 wnn iu fhvour of tha validity of the mar* 
 riaget and three only (Ttrambrie, Pina^ 
 and RodoU) propoeed an a^ommeat 
 CleoMBt was obHgad to yhid to theofriaioa 
 of ao overwhelming a luajority ; » deflnitiva 
 aentanoa daefamd Henr/a 6rst marriage to 
 ba valid, oondrained the queen's trial aa 
 
 (•) Oollji«.-'-H«me.-**Rapin da ThbyTa<. 
 
Mted thftt all K'oeM^ 
 idulgaooM ibould b* 
 tiihop of Canttrbury, 
 portion of tbalr pro- 
 I royal trtuuiy. All 
 tpud firom viaiU kt«l 
 
 I to inquin what Du 
 iime, aince H«n:y, by 
 ra meaaurea had pra. 
 >f raconciliaiion with 
 ow could a French 
 long fraqurnlad iba 
 co&a«nt to advocate 
 aign who waa in tha 
 I word } Da Ballay, 
 at have baan wcU 
 
 I Buleyn'a aarly life at 
 «]uent intriguaa with 
 laelf witnaaaed UU-m- 
 •vera which ha had 
 a vein of rich aatire. 
 rchbiahop of Cantar- 
 prieat. He waa alao 
 ad secretly oelebn^ad 
 itehall, bad been ra* 
 ica with a bithoprlei 
 rean befoia tha raToH 
 againat the authority 
 d Been thrauffh tha 
 pidity whieh actuated 
 a in carrying on tha 
 
 II tiftgf thing waa 
 knna'a aeeret inkling 
 
 And yet thia waa the 
 It with in Clement'a 
 old man hj aupplica- 
 •a, to baeooa tha 
 oal, hypocritical, and 
 rha Pope, on tha 98th 
 Nuiatoiy { Uimonetta, 
 laid before the cardi- 
 eote regarding tha 
 twenty-two, nineteen 
 I validity of the mar* 
 f (Ttrambrio. Vinai, 
 id an a4}aaminaat 
 o yhld to theofriaion 
 luajority ; » daflnitiira 
 ir/a first marriaga to 
 the queen'* trial aa 
 
 -<Rapin da Thoyra^. 
 
 un or BBMST vnt 
 
 IM 
 
 nnjuat, and ordered the king to raetoie 
 Katharine to htr triple rtghta aa queen, 
 wife, and mother. Thia decree waa not to 
 be publlihed until after Paaohal-tlde, u 
 they itill ho|)«(l at Rome to alleviate the 
 king't reMntment by thia act of prooraati- 
 nation.(*) Five daya before (aoth March, 
 1534) an anticipatory reply bad been given 
 to the bull > y a legialativa act regulating 
 the tueoeaaion to the throne of England.(i>) 
 The maniage between Henry and Katha- 
 rine waa declared by PBrilamant to be nuU 
 and void, and hia union with Anne valid 
 and legal. Mary waa deprived of her right 
 of reigning after her fiMher'e death i and 
 the children bom or that ahould be bom of 
 Anne Boleyn, declared capable of inheriting 
 tha crown. The Parliament loat no time in 
 enacting penal lawa against thoaa who 
 ahould dare dieobey the pretcriptioaa of the 
 atatuta of ancceasion. Every act againit 
 the marriage, every attempt to injure tha 
 aaered righta of tha king'a lawful heira. if 
 the erina waa oommitted by writing, print- 
 ing, or any external act. waa declared to be 
 high treason j every word againat the king, 
 queen, or their children, uttered publiely, 
 wu to be treated aa "misprision of treaaoni" 
 every auhjeot on attaining hia majority waa 
 obliged to awear obedience to the law, 
 under pain of suliering tha penaltiea due to 
 misprision of tr ea son ; i^., conilaeadon of 
 property and impiiaonment for life.(*} 
 Henry, perfectly bew i l d e r ed by the aervile 
 conduct of hia Pftriiamentt datermiued to 
 tranaform Runcia I. into a apiritual sove- 
 reign,C) who ihoidd, by his authority, pro- 
 nonnoe on tha nullity of hia first marriage 
 and tha iOeghiinaoy of Mary, and, if 
 required, anppoft tha legality of hia royal 
 eentsaea by aa appeal to ansa. It is highly 
 prohahk that Franoie never had any idea 
 of the deeigaa of hte brother of Enghmd ; 
 it however eoama certain to us that ho 
 
 (>) Appendix (K.) 
 
 (0) Statotea of tha ^eahn. an acta ftr the 
 estaMishBMmt ef the Kinsaa succession.— 
 Jounal of the Honae ct Letds.— Strype'a 
 Meooriala of ArehUchm Craamegr. 
 
 (•) Tbepanialuaent of misprisiao of treason 
 is by pstMtnal imprisoDaieiit. loes of tte 
 issnoe and proflta of thek taads, daring lUt, 
 and loia 4tf gooda and chatteki^HaiL MiaceU., 
 
 V. a. aos. 
 
 («) Burnet 
 
 wotild never have consented to be trana- 
 formed into a Pope to depend on tha 
 honour of Anne Boleyn j he had been 
 guilty of too glaring an act ot iaditoretion 
 in defending her virtue with a lance. 
 
 Thia twofold aovereignty over body and 
 aoul discovered by Cranmer, and conArmad 
 by act of Parliament, was far f^m satisfy* 
 ing Henry : he desired to prove that ha 
 held thia doable diadem from fifaven and 
 not firom men, and coosaquentljr he again 
 became a theologian, aa when he fought 
 hard with Luther. He waa going to prove 
 to the world that he had not forgotten the 
 language of the achoola, for which he had 
 been applauded by Sadolito. He endea- 
 voured to prove to the prieete of the north 
 of England, who were far from being con- 
 vinoed by the arguments of Cromwell, that 
 every king waa born a high priest. " Haa 
 not Christ said : ' Obey, and be aobmi^ 
 sive I' Where waa the dietiiictkm of tha 
 two powers in thia precept f Waa not tho 
 command addreeeed to all, the priest aa 
 well aa the faithful ) What aignifiee tho 
 garment t Doubtleea it waa tha lariest'a 
 duty to preach and to adminiater tha aacra- 
 menta aa phyaician of the eoul, but in hia 
 acts, aa well aa in hia person, tha priest 
 repreeentod hia Maater. Cbriat waa a 
 Priest, Christ waa a apiritual Phyriokn t aa 
 Phyaician and Priest, Christ appeuad 
 belbre PUato. It behoved the prince to 
 watdi over tha property, honour, acts, and 
 words of his subjaeta. Ooea not the priaal 
 reooUeet the Nam habet vir pottttatmm nt 
 eorfwrtf , asrf ew/ier. "(*) Thia argument oi 
 Henry'a haa rather tha appearance of a deft- 
 anca of common senee, and waa acoordfai^ 
 anawarad by two uf hia mitred laureates. 
 Edward Fox, in his "D» Vtd diffkrtntU 
 ngim pottttatm tt Ecdaimi'^ aad 
 Gardiner, in his *' De Fenf OMisnMl''(D 
 lliaae offldal controveraiaUatB were coeful 
 
 Gladiaa portat fsoiw^ not oriy 
 them that week ms ur>»^DendBient aw). 
 
 (•) 
 againat 
 
 laws, but aninat him alao tiiat in any wi«« 
 breaketh God's hiwB. . . Ad tribnnal Cwsaiia 
 eto, dbsit ChrislaSk nbi me jacBcari opni-;o».— 
 Letter cf King Henry to the clergy d ±i rwo* 
 rinoe of York, anno 1533, (1534) touchiug his 
 title of Supeme Head of tlw Chureh of Eug- 
 hu)d.~Wilkins' Concilia. - 
 
 (0 Oerdaa, Hlrt. ReforauU. 
 
 (f) Bchelhiwa. AaMiait. Uiat. Ecde^k 
 
 ,A 
 
•14 
 
 LII 
 
 VIU. 
 
 to iovant nothioff in thmr works on tha 
 origin uf powar > thajr aanrilaly copiad thair 
 ■UMtar, ud anda»vourad to prova tliat lb« 
 powtr of tba tamporftl aoTaraign wm 
 UUmiteil. But about thia Uom a raactionary 
 noreinant. ovar wliieh Catholioiam could 
 triumph, tuoli pUca in Oarmaay. At tha 
 coniiBoacauiaBt of hi* kpoatuUta, Luthar 
 bad uaartad tbat avarj ona raganaratad by 
 baptian* waa a priaat ; a faw dropa of watar, 
 whila isffioing original ain. anointed tha 
 forahaad of tha naw-bore with aaoardotal 
 nnction. Thia grand apirituul royalty 
 Hanry only grantad to thoaa Chriatiana 
 who bad alapt In an «rmin« eradla. Bat 
 Luthar, owing to tha lavolt of tha minara 
 of Mansfaldt, and Mttuar. thair la"-)ar, 
 loat no tima in dapriving the Cluik.iMa of 
 thia magniflcant privilaga, which ha had 
 only adduead aa a maana of aztending tha 
 naw goapali and whib the priaat waa being 
 at Graenwioh reduced to a atata of alaveiy, 
 it waa aaaarted at Wittemberg that the 
 dispenaation of the aaoraoMnta, teaching 
 and preaehinff, were funotioira altogether 
 •piritnal, which the priaat bald only Uron 
 God, and to whom alone he waa aeooant- 
 abla for his poaition.(*) The achiant waa 
 oonpletei England then witneaaed a 
 ■Mlanflholy aeane. The inhabiumta of the 
 large towna tore in piacae tha Papal bull, 
 and, aa at Wittembeif, bonfliea were 
 Undled, wherein they caat the Papal de- 
 •ntals. Iftheyhadbeenaakedtoaocooot 
 fpr their indignation, they would have 
 tepliad that Rome wished to impoveriah 
 Xngland ; thia was their prineipid eoO' 
 phiat against the Holy See. If the Pkrlia. 
 mat had on the morrow condemned Henry 
 to the block, the populace would have 
 locked, all exulting with joy, to aee the 
 flolprit pass by, (for all mobs are by nature 
 pe t see ot o r s ) , their ory will be t« the end of 
 the world. "Woe to the conqaered." The 
 elaiiQr. impelled by ambition or fear, rallied 
 Mond the king, idho threetened to deprive 
 thuB of life or beatow on them bishoprics- 
 The priest, by becoming ao apoatote, wv: 
 ■UM of liriag • few day* longwi hv 
 
 I «) Bugsakaaau, Diapatation su FW<«uin'{;. 
 •— Bnoer, von dar wahren flealaorge us-u lim 
 rachtan Hirtandieaate. — Luther, vev i'^m 
 SahMehem wid Wiahalyfedifeni. 
 
 beoame a eoward through waaknaae, and 
 ••rrile through cupidity. To tha quaatioa 
 which tha king addraaaed to all that wore 
 the eaatook : " Haa the Biahop of Itime 
 mure power in England than any other 
 biahop »"(*) The reply waa from the lipa. 
 but act the heart, in the naRatiye. The 
 pralatea wvre aaen taking to the Court of 
 Chancery their holla of inatitution to chan<[e 
 them for the royal lioenae, when the king 
 aa aupreme head of tha Church vouchaafad 
 to confer on them the mitre or the pol- 
 lium.(e) Had they been living in the time 
 of St. Pkter, they would have gone to 
 Nero, bad Nero vriahad to make them 
 apoatles. The Engliah epiacopau first aet 
 the example of apoataey in England. 
 CrannKr took the lead aa a Reformed 
 miniater. by forswearing his row of call, 
 baoy. and acknowledging his n»rriage.(') 
 
 The clergy of Oxford, Cambridge, and 
 York, aolemnly acknowledged that the 
 Pope had no more authority, oa regarded 
 apiritual government over EnRland, than 
 any other foreign prelato.(*; The dean 
 and chapter of St. Paul'a renounced with 
 great pomp the piimacy of tha Popc^) 
 The majority of Um religions hoosee in tha 
 vicinity of London loet no time in acknow- 
 ledging the supremacy of Henry, hoping 
 thereby to aecape the vieita of those haqiiaa 
 with whom they were menaoed by Partta- 
 ment, in caae of disobedience. They hoped, 
 by kissing the king's ring in lieu of the 
 Fisherman's^ to preaerva their richea { bat 
 they were aoonnndeoeived. Their apoetaey 
 met with ito Joat leoompansa, for Henry 
 knew to the lest ounce of gold all that they 
 poeeeesed. Nearly the whole of the aris- 
 tooraoy took the oath of allegiance, because 
 they coveted the property of tlie dergy. 
 
 (b) Whether the Biahop of Rome had any 
 netkter JuTiadiction given to him by Ood in 
 thia kingdom, than any other toteiga bidwp. — 
 Todd. ' 
 
 ie) Hume. 
 *) Oeidea. 
 
 (•) Oxom. Pap* in reganm AngliD non m». 
 jt>rem eiae potestatem quim ctuiUTia alteriea 
 Bpiocopi.— Buniet.->WUkine. Camtab. QuM 
 Bomaaoa PoiiUfex uoa habeat • Deo in «cr& 
 aeriptofi oaaeaafam aibi nuOomn aoetoritatem 
 Mil JnriadiotioBem in hoe regno Angia qnim 
 onivis aliea epiacopva extemue. — WilUns' 
 Concilia. 
 
 (f) Bamet. 
 
 1 
 
 ;4?^ "-^ 
 
hroiifh WMkoMa, ud 
 lity. Tu th« qucttioB 
 rMwad to all tltAt won 
 
 lh« BUbop of ItiiM 
 (land than any othar 
 ply waa frum the lipa, 
 in the ncRative. Tba 
 KkinH to iIm Coart of 
 »f inatitulion to chanflf* 
 loenae, whan tba kini; 
 ba Church Touchaafed 
 tba mitn or tba pol- 
 wen Hring in the tima 
 would hiivt f(one to 
 ■bad to make them 
 ■b apiacopMa flrat aat 
 loetacy in England, 
 lead aa a Rafomad 
 iring Lia vow of oaU> 
 |ing hie marriaga.C) 
 brd, Cambridge, and 
 nowladged that the 
 uthorHf, oa regarded 
 
 over England, than 
 »raUu.(*i The daaa 
 *aul'a renounced with 
 macy of tba Pope.C) 
 religioiu hooaea in tlM 
 «t no time in acknow- 
 ey of Henry, hoping 
 vialta of thoae haipiaB 
 I maaaoad by Parli*- 
 adianca. They hoped, 
 a ring in lieu of tha 
 irra tliair richeat bot 
 Rivod. Their apoataey 
 Bompenae, for Hanry 
 aofgold all that they 
 ha whole of the aria- 
 of allegiance, becaoaa 
 >perty of the clergy, 
 
 ■hop of Rome had any 
 ren to bin by Ood fai 
 other foreign biahop. — 
 
 reganm Angla non ma- 
 qiOm ciMuaria alterina 
 rUkina. Camtab. QoM 
 habaatiOeo in matk 
 >i nuOomn anetoritatem 
 koo regno Angte qnim 
 I exteraua. — WiUdna' 
 
 uwu or nmiiiT viii. 
 
 080 
 
 and felt convinced, from what bad occurred 
 iu Owrmany, that ihay would come in for 
 a ahare of the tpuiU. 
 
 In England, aa in tiarmany, reoiarka a 
 modem writar,(*) tba aristocracy were far 
 fimm being indifferent to the idea of being 
 Uberated from that fearful control of the 
 Papacy, \»hich, without extirpating vice, 
 (an impoaaibdity.) praaarved tba rule of 
 morale, lliey carried on, therefore, a po- 
 litical revolution, whila tha king obeyed 
 the voice of hia pawiona and debauchery. 
 The readvr haa now aaan how tba atorm 
 which devMtatod England waa brought 
 about. Cooild Henry have been taught to 
 forpet Ann<e Boleyn, England would have 
 praaarved the o!d fUth of 8t. Dunatau I 
 
 What crime, then, bad Catholiciam oom- 
 mitied to morit ao aovera a paniahment } 
 CatboUeiam had raaouad England from 
 the darkneaa of paganiam i had taught her 
 the Divine truth ctf tha goapel i bad civi- 
 liaed her ; had, after the Norman conquest, 
 ahisldad bar againat tha oppression oif the 
 conqueror, and for a number of agea had 
 praaarved hat from the tyranny of the 
 baroaa. She waa indebtad to Catholiciam 
 for tha Magna CkMrtm, tot tha important 
 ■tatnte <f* toUagio mm MNio«dm<lo, and 
 aavaral othar reguktioiu, tha baaia and 
 foundation of her freadom and liberty. At 
 the time of her fUling into adiiam, aha had 
 bat one paator and formed hot one flo'^k.CO 
 Not a village bnt had ita diapal, whs l'^ 
 peaaaata betook tbenaalvea, at the ti \h<1^ 
 of the bell, to aaaiat at tha awful and aac 
 myatariaa of the Cbriatiaa leligkm. On 
 the road-aide wan niche ^ ornamented with 
 iowera in apriag, whan the paaaing pil- 
 grim aalutad the image of our Bleaaad 
 Lady or the Petron Saint. In the country, 
 the aileace of the night waa often diaturbad 
 by piotta paalmodiaai for if the Churoh 
 had tanght the Uandera to pray, ahe had 
 
 J*) Lanrentie.— Histoin da France, 
 k) C. Bntlw's Book of the Roman Oa- 
 Ito Church. 
 
 alao taught them to sing the Divine praise. 
 In each city, near the cathedral, tvaa a 
 achool for singing whnre the child, destined 
 for the service of the altar, waa taught to 
 chant, and a library of good books, sacred 
 or profane, for the use of the leamed.(*) 
 Every where boepitals were built and 
 endowed by the uuniflcanca of a bithop, 
 whore the pauper waa aura of flndiag a 
 be<* and medicine for his suffering body. 
 To whom waa England indvbted for all 
 thore sacred ediflcaa, thoee hospilala, those 
 bridgea t To prieete or monks I At the 
 time of brr separation from Rome, com- 
 merce, literature, arte, and acience, were 
 thara proaperoue. The prinoe'e court waa 
 brilliant; tha troaaury waa atill richj no 
 public debtet the fourth of all tha tithee 
 wen raaeived for the poori and no poor- 
 ntea ware then knoint.(^ 
 
 Clement did not long aurvive thia blow. 
 There are some whom Divine Providence 
 haa adomod with every gift as an example 
 to the world. She only refUaes them, by a 
 eeorat which we cannot fathom, that attri- 
 bute oolled the will, and which is ser- 
 viceable to direct and govern the moat 
 eminent virtoee. Every eye ia dim with 
 grirf when a peraon of thia daierlptioo 
 goee honoe to dwell in heaven. Rety, 
 aCacted by the loaa inflicted on her, inquiraa 
 into tha cauae of ao imtrievable a death. 
 The phyaician ia aent fbr, and If the de- 
 ceaaed wore a crown, ho takes hia lancet to 
 aeek for an explanation, whenby he may 
 aeeooat for the aoeompliahment of the 
 Divine decree t and after the jnm( eiorfrai 
 examination, he pronounoea the accustomed 
 santenec, " Died trom an affection nf tha 
 heart." The heart had kUled the invalid. 
 Such ia the history of Clement VII.(*) 
 
 (•) Priedrich Blum. Iter Italicnm. 
 
 (4) Bums' Justice. 
 
 (•) Dc Rossi has thus deeeribed Olemeatfk 
 character: "He waa truly Clemant by 
 and Clement in deed."— Memorie.— Oh 
 died on 35th Sept., 1534. 
 
 1 
 
 ,i 
 
S80 
 
 Lifi or RMar nil. 
 
 CHAPTER XXVin. 
 
 THB NUN or KBNT.-I534. 
 
 VMoM MMl pTMlliiUoni of EllulMth Bwton. Ih« Nun of Knit.— Mora ami Plabw'i opInioB of hw 
 — KunlMd brtkw* Cnuiiii«r snd Gromwril.— Oondaoinwi Md «MmiiMi.-.CM«iiiiba of torn* of 
 hardlMlplM.— rubtr M«'iM.t of btitif on* of b«r MeompIlM*.— AMvitlMl.— Afaln lniBriMii«d 
 «ilh Mora for rtfti*'^ ih. O.ih of BaprtniMir — Th. •Itormttua himU V Ik* King la th« fcrwnht 
 •f Um o«al>.— IV«urwi« M'l «Utp.Hiiiii.~Th« Pop*'* urn* oflaiaUy nmtd dim lk« Pnyut Book. 
 
 Haiiav hwl n. <t found tha tniM,aiUH7 of 
 aiivd ho MpMteJ in lb* amis of Aana 
 Bolayn. Tha ahada of that apiritnal rojalty, 
 which ha had Imaifinad to hava woundad 
 ■Mrtallf, eoatiaoaUy hanntad him. Cran- 
 ■•V and Oronwall had aiMeaadad in atifling 
 hla maotaa of eooaohtnoa i bat thaj oould 
 Mt aipal hia frlf ht. Tbara Uvad at Aldinf • 
 ton, hi Kent, a paaaant girl of tha nana of 
 BUaabath Barton, ■nfajact to an aliotion of 
 Um narraa, which har neighbo<in attributad 
 toaoNM auparnatural influenoa (wt quota 
 Pirotaaant authority.^) It appaara that 
 iIm yoaoff naidan, whoaa raorala wan of 
 ■Rfalie poriij.C^) had baed faronrad in bar 
 : with ^ona t and that during thaaa 
 which laatad far boon, aha had 
 te gift of prophaey. HtK pradiotiona, 
 wtieh war* oarafuUy recorded aa ahc gava 
 vltaraaea to than, wera wiittaa in a poatic 
 atraia, aad aomatiniaa in rbyoia^ which 
 eaaaad than to ba moch eirc ulatad among 
 tha paaaaalrf. Thojr eaaa ioto tha kiag'a 
 baad, who ^owod tham to Bir Thonaa 
 Mora. Without aii nng into any apl»> 
 aatioB OB thoaa ioftf viaiona, which tha 
 aool, diaangagad from tha aanaaa, can eon- 
 tanptala. Mora amilad at tha inooharant 
 phraaaa, whoaa ruatic rhymo aridantly 
 bamgrad tha ignoiaaoa of tha praphat. 
 withtHrt, bowavar, briaging into aaaf^eioa 
 tha good faith of tha young paaaaot.(«) 
 Biehard MaaUra, ractor of Aldington. 
 
 (■) Monriaon 
 
 Lord Campball'a Livaa of tha Ohaseal- 
 
 (•') Bnmet. — Stoplatoa. — • Hod d aadjaa.— 
 Moia.— Bapar. 
 
 with tba Intcntioa, if partial hiatoriana 
 can ba crwliUd,(d) of examining into 
 har tuta, adviaad liar to aatar tha con. 
 *«nt of St. Sapulobra, at Cambridge. 
 BiiBabalh obeyed her pariah priaat. Sir 
 Thomaa More viaitad her in thia retreat, 
 where aha waa only known by tha 
 apptllation of the Nun of Kant. After a 
 lengthened intenriew with Elisabeth, he 
 left, preeenting bar with two ducata. 
 reoomoMnding himaelf to her prayere, and 
 not andeaTouring to conceal from tha 
 byaundera either hia own admiratioa (or 
 the wonderfal thijga ha had heard, or 
 hia reepeot fbr har who had ratetad 
 tham.(*) Ftahar waa of tha nma opinioa 
 aa Sir Thomaa Morn, aad, with hia friend, 
 rti^.rded her aa a aa!at.('} Himaalf of a 
 patiniva and afllMtiotaata caat of mind, ha 
 felt no diflkulty in adodtting tha oziatonaa 
 o! a aupanMtaral ooanazioB batweaa 
 Blisabath'a aoul. diaeagagad fVon tha 
 body, and tha inf nita aaaanoe. Ria idaaa 
 on tha aab)eot of axatadae aaan to bava 
 been similar to that adopted by Goifraa in 
 his " Myaticiam." UnhappUly. tha extati^ 
 onaware that daadi awaited thoaa wIm 
 aroused Heniy'a anger, left haaven kt 
 terreetrialobJeeU. She said that, one aight. 
 Ood appeared to her in a dream, hnldiag 
 thrett ewn^ ia Ua hand, which ha gave to 
 hia aanraal WoIm^; the Ibat, aa to tha legale 
 and apiritnal nriaiatat of *"gtead after tiw 
 
 J<) Hame.~Todd. 
 •) Hekadagreat|oodopiBigaofher.aad 
 i har in piaat satL ' - - - 
 Oromwwll, by Laria. 
 
 in fiaat satiaaliaa.-^Mors'8 latiar ta 
 
 (') 
 
 i 
 
I FlttMr** oplDioB of iMr. 
 
 I.— CiMttUoO of MNB* of 
 
 ■HmI.— Afiln lmpriMni«d 
 ' thd King la tb« fcrwHl* 
 I tnm lk« Pnjtt Book. 
 
 if |»nia) hiitoriaiM 
 
 of aiarointng into 
 ler to anter th« oon* 
 An, at CambridK*. 
 NT {Muriah priaat. Sir 
 d h«r in thia ratoaat, 
 nlj known bj Um 
 run of Kent. Aflar • 
 r wHh Bllubath, b« 
 r with two dttoAtw. 
 ilf to her prajrara, Mid 
 » conceal fhim tho 
 I own admiration lor 
 S ho had heard, or 
 ir who had rohtod 
 i of the aame opinion 
 . and, with hie friend. 
 iint.(0 Himaetfoln 
 Mto CMt of mind, he 
 imittinc the exiaNnee 
 
 oonnaodon between 
 iaennaffed from Um 
 a aaaenoe. Ria ideaa 
 alaciee aeem to havn 
 tdopted bj Go«rae in 
 fnhappify. the ataOn, 
 
 awaited thoee wIm 
 Rer. left heaven kt 
 leaaid that, one niffht. 
 r in a dream, hnUinc 
 end. which he gm to 
 Im Ant. aa to the legale 
 r of EiHrbnd after tiw 
 
 |ood opiniaa of her. and 
 uian.--Mora'a letter to 
 
 ura nt ■■hit viit. 
 
 Fopei the aeeond, aa to the Lord Hk||h 
 Chsneallor, th« («iu|>oral maatar of th« kinf- 
 dum aflar Ikn kinm the third, ai to lh« 
 aoraraifin judge of the trial between Henry 
 anil Katharina. Thoee who were aware of 
 tb« fervank (irayara addraaead by Eliaahath 
 to AlmiKhtjr Uod, to aare the quaan and 
 eonfouni) bar iiTat, had no diffioutiy la 
 nndaratandtng thIa nyatical lanfuage.(*) 
 Tba other prophecy wae y«t mora apparent i 
 aha had aaid that if flaary divoroad Katha- 
 rine, ba would die at the end of one month, 
 and that Mary would aaoand tba ibron». 
 Tba month had alapaed, and Henry wm 
 atUI llring ( but that month, in tba language 
 of the jMnn maiden and her dieoiplae. 
 might mean an indeterminate number of 
 waaka. Henry wiabed to prora that 
 FUaabeih wae a demoniao. Cranmer, and 
 afterwarda Cromwell, were ordered to 
 ciamine the holy Maid of Kent i thie wae 
 a mild expreaaion employed by mi^Jeety, 
 whicL th« miniatera heaitated net to tiana- 
 late inti> the hypocritical Maid of Kent. 
 
 The Religiuua waa taken firom her oonvent 
 and brought before her Jodgae } there, aaye 
 Burnet, ebe willingly renonnord the cha- 
 racter of aa Inai^red pcreon which aba had 
 been oompelled to adopt t acknowledged 
 heraelf aa gnUty of fhrad, and attributed 
 her eitafliee to a deebe of worldly praiae. 
 The examination took plaM without wit- 
 neec<ee, and we have no reaaon to belicre 
 the Temdty ot the Judgee who were well 
 known to be perfect maetere of perjury, (b) 
 A few monke, deooonoed aa her acoom- 
 plicee. ware arreeled and appeared before 
 the Star-chamber I on bring examined 
 with the torture beftm their eyee, they 
 confbeeed their gnOt, and threw them- 
 •elrea on the njtl demenoy, imptoring 
 pardon tnm Ood. It la probable that they 
 were more oulpaUo fai the oyeo of Henry 
 than \n that of Ood| thty wera taken 
 
 (•) That heaven had pot three aworda into 
 bla haada t the ftiat, to order the apiritualityaa 
 legate nndar the P«va t the eeeen4 to rale (he 
 temporality ee ehanoeOot; and the third, the 
 meddling on the mar rie g e .— Bopee. 
 
 (k) And ahe eanfaeeed that eke never had 
 vWontaaHkerUfk,b«t aB that ever ahe eaid 
 wae frigned of her kaefhMttea^ Mdy to eaUaty 
 the aiMe of them wdeh leeorted nnto hw, 
 and to obtain weridly pnieek—Craumer'B 
 letter to HawUaa,— Marl. MSB., N«. CI48s 
 and LaMdowner B. M.. Mo. 104». ». 71. 
 
 one Hunday, in the month of November, 
 wiih haltara round (heir necka. aa far aa 
 Hi. Paiil'a Croea, and (hare heard a aermon 
 firom one of the royal ehaplaina, and wera 
 aftarwarda re^conductad to priaan.(*) It 
 wae generally belUved (bat Henry, after 
 having aipoaed the monka to (he f^kttle 
 of the populace, would have granted them 
 their livee. and thue vaunUd bia clemency. 
 Cranmer had, however, dieoovered high 
 treaeon i(') a Bill of Attainder wae aoeord* 
 ingly brotigbt into the Houee of Peera 
 egainet Blieabeth Barton and aix of her 
 aeoomplicee, via., Maatora, Deering, Brook- 
 Ing, Oould, Rich, and Rieley. They were 
 not even tried i they had be'ore them aa 
 ovideneo their eonfkeaton wrenched fro* 
 them by th'eat of the tortnrai and it waa 
 eUted by the introducere of the Bill, that 
 thiaconfeeakvn had been urged by the agoniee 
 of aeoneeieooeiilateaae. Bntontheeecond 
 reading of the Bill, eeveral of tba Peer*, 
 urged hy remorte of oonacieoee, had aall» 
 oient eanraga to praiy the king to allow tba 
 aeouaed to be examinad pereoaally.C*) The 
 State Archivee have not preeerved Henry'a 
 reply i but we know that a abort time eltor 
 Bliaabeth and her aocomplieee euffared at 
 lybum. Before her aAooution, the ReligkHia 
 ecknowledged the Juetiee of her eentenee, 
 but that aha had only been an inatrnment 
 in the bande of the olergy. who would 
 follow her into eternity .(') 
 
 During the eonrae of thie reign, we dmU 
 often hear tba victim bleaa bia axecntiooer, 
 whoa bia religion prohibited him to eorae. 
 If the Nun of Kent bad been put to death 
 for high traaeon, ench aa had a knowledge 
 of her prediettona^ and bad not denonnead 
 tham, had inenrrad tim penaltiee, aoeordlng 
 to the aot of Parliament, dm to a i ^ir f i ^ an 
 ^ freamn. Henry had no wiah to taha 
 the life of a poor Religioua. Hie otjcet 
 waa, if pooaibla, to enanare Mora and 
 Fiaher. whoee virtuee were an ayeaora 
 to him. Ftaberwaa a Burrhua the O eco nd , 
 trim had been the adviaer and mantoi of » 
 
 (•) Ungard. 
 
 (<) They conaented to her mleohievone and 
 feigned viaioBa, which contained much periloua 
 aMutUin, and i ' 
 Hawkina. 
 
 alao treaaon. — Creamer to 
 
 (•) l,ingard. 
 
 Statutee of the Realm. 
 
 Ll 
 
 1 
 
UWM OV BBMNT ftU. 
 
 mtond N««. Hi* Duoh«<M oi EMthiaoaii, 
 llMMliy hi4t— iMr (iMih. httd l«irB««l 
 
 ♦»*»»!?•'» • '/ !|«Im«|», »nd b««Ke<l him lo 
 W«Ht< urmndaoa lltniy. rUhw 
 
 iMiA itrw >» , »hte pktdfft, mmI tka ro]r«l 
 
 huMi, kMi ofUn iK.>li(M)wla(lg«d Ui*C h« h*il 
 navar foun<l m j>r*Ut« aqual Ut tha Huhup 
 of R'tclMtu'r in wiadom uiil in viirtM«.(*) 
 
 FUhor lud gnma old, bia haad vif 
 hmuj, utA kU ' ' n, dd wtUi 
 
 vrinklM, *0 ti»t iio iinaginwl himMlf to Im 
 M Uborty to apMli to hia kbg In a plain 
 nuuiBar. It waa tnildontf raportad abroad 
 •btl riakar bnd baaa anwtad on tha chnrgo 
 •f MilaprlaMn of tranaoa Croniwail. at 
 Irtt, waa anaioua that tha biahop ahu«ild 
 tatar into ona of thitaa dalaikd eonfaaaiona, 
 •liAllar to thoaa innda to a diraotor in tha 
 tribunal of paaaaea i but Piabar rafuuad lo 
 Hiaarar the Prlrjr Coanaallor. The/ than 
 •ndaavoarad to maka him writa, hopiuK bjr 
 that manna to aitort hia arrittas arorda 
 tito an aahnowladKaoBOBt, b«t Piabar a^rnia 
 Nfcaad. Hia lifa otoat U saeriAcad at 
 •vary ooat, aad ha waa oonaaqoantljr 
 laoludad In tha BiU of Attainder .(*) Ha 
 waa BOW oompallad to defend hioualf. 
 Thia ha did la a latter baapaaklag hia 
 gnadanrof aoul. In which, ealllnff on Jaaoa 
 CHBiar. before wboea thmae ha waa aoon 
 fta appear aa a witaaaa, ha awora that ha 
 waa perfbetlr Innocent of any traaaoaabia 
 latanlloa which tha Nua of Kant or any 
 wa alM might bare Imagined a^aiaat tha 
 kiB^.(*) Ha had not denouaocd Bliaabath'a 
 fav^aikma, beeanae ha had not perceived 
 Mqrthiag traaaoaabia la them, but rather aa 
 ■ppaal to tha dacreea of Provideoea i aad. 
 ■oraovar, ha waa awnra that tha BaUgiutt* 
 had apokea to the aovaNlga ia a prhrata 
 audience. The old man'a worda had ao 
 alhot oa the Peera. The bill waa rand a 
 Moond time. Piaher now addraaaad Hanrjr 
 himaalf, aaaurinff him that he would have 
 lavaalad tha pradictiona had they been 
 traaaoaabbi baaida, ha waa aware that hia 
 majaaty waa already acquaiatad with th«m. 
 Agad, laflrm, and havlag but a few noia 
 
 (•) ApoL Pdli. 
 
 (b) auiuioa of the Realm. 
 
 (•) Lingard. 
 
 dajre 7^ to Ova. ha beggad thai ha Mlfh* 
 bo allowed to prapate In peaoe tor ataraitf . 
 U$mif raAiaed to haar him. 'Hi* Itill waa 
 read for the third ttma. Plahar might 
 prepare to die ; but aa be waa waflaed to 
 hia bad, alnMiai givea up bf hia phyaieiaa, 
 M waa •pprah«n<lail that ha might breathe 
 Ki« Us* en his way tram the Tews.' to 
 Tyburn, aad that the aaaoutioaar would 
 only reoaive a eorpae. Ua waa apared. on 
 hia payinar a Ina of £300. whi«h tha rojrai 
 maaa«ngar waa to raciva at hia houi«.(4) 
 
 Sir ThooMM Mure waa living at Clialaea, 
 away from the wT>rid, la the boaom of bla 
 hniilf. whan tha Nua of Kant appaared 
 before the Star Chamber. Uia dlfcraat 
 Intanrbwa with bar, aab tha twa duv*U 
 plaoaa ha had beatowad oa har.laaa throogb 
 alma than a aympatbj of faeliag. might 
 coat him hia lifa. Hia aama had beaa 
 placed oa tha liat of tha proeorlbad i bat 
 be had a aanloua ad«t>cata in tha Daka of 
 Norfolk. That noblemaa, ia aa Inlanriaw 
 with Haarf, baaotigbt tha aMmaroh oa hia 
 haaaa to araaa tha as<«haaeaUor'a aama 
 froa t'u< fatal llat, to which a reluctant 
 oonaeat waa glToa. Thla waa an act of 
 compaaaioB for which Mote had no oeoaaioB 
 to be giatafUl to Hcary, aa hia tanntiaaaa 
 waa ao avideat, that, like Piaher, ha woaU 
 hare oecapad. After the eaecutioa of tha 
 holy Nun of Kaal. tianry raquind that all 
 hia I) ?a(a abould tafc* tha oath of aupre* 
 maoy. No laymaa had aa yet baaa called 
 oa, when tha oommlaaioaaaa detarmiaad, at 
 Haary'a auggaatioa, to apply to Sir Thoiaaa 
 Mora. If Mora aad Plahar yielded, thata 
 would ba ao fnr ol oppoaitioa ((•) if thay 
 rafuaad, their death would aar /a aa a aaiutary 
 waralng to other racuaaala. 
 
 Aaaamblad at Chelaaa, la thair fithar'a 
 oompauy, Mora'a ftuaiiy liataood tram- 
 bit t^iy to tha alighteataoofd. At each Ml 
 of the leaf or nutliag of the wind aaaong 
 tha branohea, thay aidiaetad to raa tha 
 officer. To prepare the' hmOj for thia 
 awful ioene. More ordered one of hk 
 
 (') Lbigard.— Carta mya, " Hto amli 
 waa tmpriaonmeBt for life, aad the forfc^ui* ef 
 alt hia aetata to tha orowa." (Tha kiatadaa 
 however waa deceived.) 
 
 (• MadamPaallaaBol]aBd,l.a.,pbi; 
 
I In )»«M» for •tamllf . 
 ur him. I'll* bill wt» 
 Uoi*. FttlMr miiiltt 
 la b« WM ooaflaad ta 
 up bj lita phyaieka, 
 ut h« might lirMiha 
 ttvai !b« Ttfwsf t« 
 M MMUlionw wttuld 
 lie »M •parad, un 
 400, wbioh tha rojral 
 ivt al hia houM.(') 
 raa livinff M Chalaaa, 
 ia tha boaom of Ua 
 B of Kani uppMrad 
 nbac. Urn ii§tnm% 
 anct Um twt« diK«l« 
 d on bar, kaa throof h 
 itf of faallBK, mif hi 
 Hia DWBa bad baaa 
 Iha proaoribadi bat 
 xata in tha Oiiko of 
 man, ia an Imcrriaw 
 it iha BMNMrvh oa hia 
 is-obaaeaUor'a naiaa 
 which a raluctsnl 
 Thia WM an act of 
 Hofa had oo oeoaaiMi 
 17, aa hia iaao e aaoa 
 ika Piahar. ha would 
 iha azacuUoa of tha 
 ini7 raquind that all 
 !e tha oath of aupra* 
 d aa yat bora eaUad 
 loaafa datarmiaad, at 
 apply u> Sir Thonaa 
 nabar jrWldad. Ibaia 
 ppoaitioB |(t) if ihay 
 kldMr.raaaaaalntar]r 
 anta. 
 
 aa, ia thafar fitbar'a 
 oUy Uataood Xtmmr 
 aoofd. AtaacblUl 
 of tlM wind aMood 
 diaetad to »oa tba 
 ha hmUj for tbia 
 rdarad ona of hk 
 
 ■aya, " Hia aiab 
 I, aad tha ftwMtuia tl 
 n." (Tha hiatoriaa 
 
 Uaad, 1. a.. 9. 19 
 
 un or HMBt via 
 
 aMaadanta, dramad aa a kia«'a aAaav. ta 
 praaaat blaaalf aoddaaly at hia rMidanea 
 ■I Chalaaa, with tha royal citatloa in hia 
 haad. wlOto tha IWaUy wara at dianu-. It 
 waa dooa 1 and tha whola pwty. avaa tha 
 vary rouagaat, twrtlad tu daatb, ioohad 
 round Mora, who wm oMi««d to (>acify 
 ih«m by a«iifca«i#dj|iBi tba* it *as eaSy s 
 trick of 41^ own •a«||aatioa.(*) 
 
 Oa tha OBomlnn of tha I9lh of April, a 
 royal oAcar, with hia waad of oAoa ia hia 
 hand, kaoekad at tha door. IWr Thomaa. 
 hafora laariag for Lambath. tha plara of 
 raadorroua. want to thnreh. eunfaaaad, 
 baaid Maaa, and ootDnaaloatad.C^} Hia 
 w\h tad daughlara ganaraily aeoompaaiad 
 him M iWr aa tha boat whan oa hia way to 
 liOiMlon, and would than bid a fond adiou 
 to hia on tha banha of tha Tbaaaa. Ha 
 aow. bowavar. nara atriot otdara that nona 
 •bouM foltow him. Ha oarafuUy ahut hia 
 farda«.|ata hlmaalf, and givinf oaa fond 
 and Uagaring look at hia ocitagt. aatered 
 tha barga aaeooipanlad by kia •os'la-bw, 
 Riipar, and a faw of hia aanranta. Mora 
 waa tha flrat to braak tha funeral ailanea 
 whiob raignad In tha boat, by aayiag in a 
 low roloa to Ma aoa-la-law, "God ba 
 praiaad. tha day of baltlo la arrlTtd, and of 
 Tlotory alko."(«) 
 
 F.abar i*A arrirad at lambath bafora 
 Sir Tbomaa Morai ba had walkad lika a 
 poor pilgrim leaning on hia ataff. Thay 
 ombraead aaeh othar tllVetionataly 1 a aeorct 
 Toiea told Ibam that thair naxt maatinfr 
 would ba la otamity. " Oo you obaarra 
 how narrow tka gaM ia." romarkad Plaber 
 to hk ooaapavlon, " wrti. It ia but a type of 
 Iha Inia gata «if kaa«an."(') Mora waa tha 
 Aral oalladi ha waa aakad if ha would 
 iwaar to tha Act of Sueoaaaion, which araa 
 raad to hln. It wm Ihle Act that guaran- 
 load tbo crown to Iha kooa of Anna Botayn 
 by har ntrrkfa with tha king 1 daoidad on 
 tha invalidity of ovary natrimoaial diapan< 
 wtlon within tha dagroM proUbitad by tha 
 Book of Lavitieua, and tha Ulagality of the 
 ualoB betwMn Katharina <d Arrafon aad 
 
 (•) OanabeU. 
 ^ Rudhart. 
 
 8 
 
 Kan.-Atafletea.'-Badhart. 
 Balky. 
 
 Heavy. Priaea of Waka(») Mora i«pli«l 
 
 to Iha Lord ('hanrflbr Audlay, that "ha 
 waa quit* pr«p«<r«<i for tb« Arat artink of 
 tha ttatuU. but ii>«t )m abould b« Mknl un 
 tha othar two poiata aa mni prudaat 
 motirea." "Wo are iadaad truly grkvad 
 by f<nu reply, my lord, m H muat ba eon- 
 gtr,j«<| iuto a f9^A*al In take iIk required 
 oath." remarked ih« Lord < haaoellor. 
 "Mee, beia are the namee of thoae who bar* 
 •Jieady awora." " 1 bkata no one." n^oiaed 
 More. "Be on your guard, my lord," 
 re|iUed aeveral nf the «omwi«»UMMra al 
 once I " your refuaal peoceeda from ob- 
 atlna(«y, m you wUl not as(itain wliy you 
 refUae." " It k not from obatiuMy," va> 
 pIlMi (he ei chancellor, " but from a fear 
 of offending the lilngt if hie m^aty will 
 goaraalaa to raa my freedom, 1 »ill giva 
 my reaaoM." " Tha king." replied Crom- 
 well, "oannol aara you fram the penallka 
 enacted by the law againat ell thoae who 
 fefuaa to take the oath." " llien l» k aol 
 ohatlMKiy whkh inducea me to refuaa to 
 veount for my rejecting the oath, if I 
 can. it tafely apeak 1 I hoerever blame aoaa 
 of thoae who bare taken the oath." " Bj 
 n<it bkming IhoM who have obeyed tha 
 «>atb. yon are not convinced." lemarkcd 
 Cranmer, " that it U contrary to oonaeknce j 
 now the Uw of Qod ordere you to obey 
 your prince, theraforayoo ean take tha oath 
 in aU aecurity." 
 
 Mora himaetf oonfMaad that ha wm 
 alightly ahakao at ona Uma by tha argo. 
 meot adduced by Iha archbiali'>p 1 he r»* 
 flecud awhile, and then addraaeing Crea- 
 mer, aaid, " I do not. my lord, in any way 
 blama thoM who have taken Iha oath, m 
 I am ignorant both of their intentkma aad 
 motivva, but I abould hlaaia myealf wara I 
 to take It. H I ahould tiian ba acting agaiaat 
 my own conacienoe. Your argumeal 
 aeema to me to annihlku every caaa of a 
 dubiooa coaaoienca t a yea or a do from tha- 
 reigning aovereign would ba enough to 
 decide them." "Indeed." aMlaimad tha 
 Abbot of Weatminaler, " you aia wrong. 
 Do you think that yon can ba aetiag, 
 
 (•) Stetutea ef the Realm.— Aa Acta ibt 
 eeUbliabmiDt of the Kist'e 
 Jouiaak nlf lite Houee of Loraa. 
 
 n 
 
 T"^ 
 
 / 
 
 i 
 
un or NMtar viii. 
 
 llffkl In f (wrin y titn PHry Couaellr' 
 * Wdf Ml, ajr Utfd." nptiMi Mi IImuim 
 Mwik " If I htvt Mi «f itd* Mm vhoto •! 
 mir<t«MM|a«i >**(•) Tb«M «M • iMatiaf 
 •r lh« Prtvf CoumU •« tha False* i C'tmi- 
 ■Mr took ■■ ito«»«k>a %o ImuII M<m«'« 
 •Mirvfl*. lU mmtvnI that lh« m-cImmkwI- 
 hr iMd raAiMd Ui« omH Uuwmii piid*. m 
 II would liijura lh« popuUrilf Im •^|or«(t 
 li la«ka<l (*) Tk* •rohbttliop, liow«*«r, 
 VM of opioMa, ihat FUkw oad Mor« 
 •ImmiUI bo oUowod to teho Iho ooth villi 
 Mljr rMtriolUMi Umj mlg kt b« phoood to 
 ft oa tl, iMonoch m U wouIJ bo th« 
 ••if way to ooavlneo lb* •mporur, iho Pup«, 
 •od Kolhoiiao, Ibol tbojr could no loog ar 
 4^pand on mn> wbo bad ralttod round 
 tko ar«ini.(*) OkmbvoII ■nraad with llaory 
 la ifaoWiac iboi tbo oaih ahould bo takaa 
 wtUMmt Um •Itffbtaal raolricilon. fiofm i« 
 of optotoa UmI Aaao, Um avd goaliM of 
 Mi^ad. WM MOtod hka tbo rIiooI of 
 ■oa4|«o. ia tba rajrai/VralnaU durioK tbo 
 4»iib«r»lloaaflb*Priv7(:ouacU.(') Pkahor 
 M(* Mofo wort roeoaduotod to Lomboik. 
 ■nd, ptnioUnf la Ihoir kotoie dolonaln- 
 Mlon, w<N« otiBoiiMod to Uio Towar.(*) 
 Mof«. poMiafl ibo IWlOT*! Arab, look off 
 hia cop tod proaor.Ud U to tho Raolar. 
 a|iol«)ffMnK ai tka 10100 limo for ila boioff 
 M old. ** I wmni your doob," npUod tho 
 goolor. Mora, coeroaod at bit oiUUko, 
 look bock hia cop and kovo him kia olook.(0 
 Dolli priaoaan won doprivad u( wriMog 
 malortala. loat tkajr akould compoao oay* 
 thiag •golnat tbo dirofcoifO Um aor/aat 
 (John Wood) told thorn iknt hs bad boon 
 ■IvioUjr ebargod by tba haulcnont of tho 
 Towor, not arao to aUow a Book of Houn 
 )aUi«lrooU.(k) 
 
 Tbo houaa at Oholaoa raniaiaod Juot at 
 Sir Tkomaa bad loft it 1 no anaad aootiaol 
 bad jrol iatrtidod on tko npooo (rf tho holy 
 wocaoa dwolUoK tkorai whUo by tbo 
 pliMH*! otdoM, (uarda won aourohing tho 
 
 M Bodki 
 M iM a I 
 
 madkwt. 
 Bodkart. 
 
 k lallor (Von 
 OnmwoIL— Strypo. 
 
 toOranaioraad 
 
 t(*) Bodkarti' 
 (•) 80a Um Act of Attaindar iu Rodkart — 
 Itowa'a Surray of Loodoa. 
 Sadkart. 
 Bkami. 
 
 apMcopal (tolona ■< lloch*«t«r, ik« ftirnitnN 
 kaio« rarrvjil away aod auld by a«MUoo for 
 tko Inm<^ of tko rfowa. Plokor** ffopartf 
 waa eunlUMUd, aod ho kimaolf lUprivad of 
 h^ •«•, aail WM aeortal] allowtd, <wbU* at 
 tba Tuwar, a faw ra^a lo do/and blm froM 
 tko cuJd and doaip.(i) Wo ahall aooa hMr 
 ktai oonplaio of bla tmol aufkrioga. Of 
 Ihaa* C^onfaaoora of ika Pailh, una wm In 
 tko arm of iha Uw mora eulpoMa than tka 
 otkar, fur bUhopa had a parAima ut oU 
 wblob waa ajuoaaivaly offanalra to Haory 1 
 but tha angol of Qod ia liha Uio light, por- 
 vadinn avary ap«>t. Ono noming, on 
 awahaniog, ho found on hia bur^Mi a aota 
 horn hia fonnor collagianK and puptia 
 of St. John'a CoHoRa. CanbHdga t " All 
 wo bara." wroto Ihay 10 him. " la youra 1 
 wo ore at your Mrrioa from (hit day and 
 kancaforward. You ara our ((loHoua maa' 
 tar, our bolorod haadi avary avil, arory 
 otiafortuno that may ovortaka you, rra thaU 
 alao (oal dMply.(J)" It ia a pily that no 
 aignaturaa wara aitoohod to tbia aoto. or alM 
 wo akould bar* fait much ploaaura in hand, 
 lag down tho namaa of tbaaa ckaritablo 
 Chriatiana to poatarity. During tha trial 
 at Lambotb. tho king took it into kia hood 
 to nviM tho Oath of Sueooaaion, which bad 
 not bMO giroa by ParliaoMnt. Honry, ia 
 altaring tho last of a Uw, waa aoUag againat 
 tbo cooatitutton of tka oountry. UotU 
 than, tha laiiy had only boon raquirad to 
 taka an oath according to tho genoral 
 praacriptiuna ot ifaa biU t but with tho 
 elatgy U oraa atooaaary to bo oieoMivoly 
 cautiooa. Tko priool waa raqulraJ to 
 owoar that tho Blabop of Roma had 
 had no mora authority in Bnglaad thaa 
 any otbor fonign praUtai hut that a fiiU, 
 ontln, aad ua r a a a rr ad aabmlMlon aid 
 obodianoo, not aa roatrictod by tho law ol 
 God. waa duo to tha king ao auprtmo haad 
 of tha Church. Tbo doeilo dargy took tho 
 oath aa rcquind by Henry.C^) 
 
 Parlianonl^ which did not liko bolag 
 outoliippod by tha kiag in tha road of 
 iaiquitv, aaaomblad on tba 4th Novonbor, 
 1534, aad inmediattly ad to work. By 
 
 Bodkart. 
 (I) Harl.M8S.No.7U9ap.no. 
 (H) WUUao* OoooUia—ByaMr.JUy.dM. 
 
i tuld hj •«cUoa few 
 I. FMMf*! pfe)M#tf 
 
 I kloiMif tl«prlr«<l ol 
 il| tllowtd. wbU* al 
 lo d«/anii him fraoi 
 
 W* ihftil Mtoa bMr 
 ni«i •ufftriofl*. Of 
 i« Fkllh, on« WM In 
 r« cul^MiM* thMt lb* 
 mI « |Mr^m« uf oil 
 offanalva to Haory I 
 a liha Ika llfht, par. 
 On* morainn, on 
 n hi* bur*Mi ft sola 
 Ufianr anil puptia 
 
 C«nbri<l«ai "All 
 
 10 bim. "la jrourai 
 from ihia day and 
 
 a our ((lariiiu* raaa- 
 I avarjr avU, tnn 
 ■rtaka j ou, nra ahu 
 
 11 k a pily ihfti •• 
 I to tbU note, or alM 
 I'h plaaaura In bftnd' 
 of thaaa oharitabia 
 
 Durinf tha Irkl 
 mk it Into lAa band 
 roaaaion, wbich bad 
 Iftaanl. Hanry, in 
 , waa ftotlBf aifftinai 
 a oouDiry. Uatll 
 Ij baan raquired to 
 K lo tba K*n*'*l 
 iUl but witb Um 
 r to ba aieaa«iTaly 
 I vaa rat^ulrad to 
 p of StMua bad 
 in Bof bsd tbaa 
 itoi but that ft Aill, 
 I aabiaiaaWw aid 
 ctad bf tba law o# 
 f aa aupraoM haad 
 cUa olargj took tha 
 
 Id not Uka baiaff 
 
 IK in tha road of 
 
 Um 4th Novanbar, 
 
 aal to work. Bf 
 
 MX p. no. 
 -BfWMti, xvr. 
 
 urti or mnnii vtii 
 
 a<M of lit MM/*) k tmivartad tha hlaf 
 miA • pop*, ft hikar of tha CHnrcK, and a 
 l>«rt*h pr4«8l. Tha Ving on iHia Mtth la 
 ;h« (upraioa h*ad of tha Church, hanaa ha 
 I) a Pupa. Tha h'ng ha« full p<iw«r to 
 •lamina, r«vi««, or ptintah ilangtravt lnft«- 
 rattoHf, wlilrh may Hilda Into ih« ilnnmalla 
 tMMhiaii »l iha (kihaiia (^huroh i hanea ha 
 la • fathar of tha ('hurah. Tha hlng haa ft 
 right to raform anjr or avery ahuaa wbloh 
 ma/ lia Inimduead Into tha admlniatraUoti 
 of a rallgloua immunity i honoa ha la a 
 pariah prla«t.(*) At WItlamltarf. and In 
 tha circia immadlataly allhc««d hf tha 
 prMohIng of i<uth«r, thara aaa a ilma whan 
 ihf'ra wara aa many priaata aa thara wara 
 Individual*, fur aocordlnff to lha thaor/ of 
 th« Haion monk, arary Chriallan raoaivad 
 at bapliam lha aaeardotol uaction. In 
 England, by virtua of lha PairllaaMalftrir 
 rula of Faith, thara wia hut on* priaat, and 
 that ama tha king. In lla acrrlla aagamaaa, 
 Pariiamant had ftntioipnt«d arary atop. It 
 hid oonfldad naw and walghly flinotlonaon 
 tha aovaralgn, whoa* duty It waa to fumiah 
 naval and land foroaa, aign traatlaa, rraato 
 paara, conTtka i'ftrllainani, aanetion laara i 
 via , thoaa of watching ovar tha dognatle 
 traohinf of tha Churoh, coofonndlng haraaj, 
 oondainning lha worka of hrratica, haaping 
 vp tha ^oMra of lha Churob, and raguUtlug 
 tha Liturgy. To Ncoapanaa roynltj for 
 thia fraah wtight of raaponaibllity. it 
 baatowad on tha crown tha irat-frnila of 
 avarr banaflea and aplritaal aitributo, and 
 tha tanth of lha ftanuftl anuMint of all 
 aedaaiaatiaftl ravannaa.C**) That* waa ftvary 
 ground to faar thai aoow tonl, •ora oou- 
 ragaoua than Chriitlaa, Irritatad bj auch 
 baaa naa at would «aka Uaniy raaponaibla 
 for Ihaao all but dlvina honoun which ba 
 quiatly aectptad ftrom a aanata of aUvaa. 
 
 (') An acta oonaanqrag* tha kinM'a hlfk> 
 naa to b« anpfonM hnad of lha Onanh of 
 SMlanda. and to hav* aootoryta to rafhunna 
 and radraaaa ail arroan and ahnaaa yn lha 
 •ama.— Muinua of lha Raala. 
 
 (*) And that o«raa«MBignahwd^hia 
 •no auooaaiouia fcingaa ahall hava roll , 
 and auclorilla, ftom tyaaa lo tyma, lo litita, 
 rapiaaaa, raJraaaa. lafotma, ordra, correct, it- 
 alrayna, aud aaanda all aoch erroMra, b w raalWl, 
 abuaaa, offmoai. ooatamptaa, and aaonartlaa 
 what ao avar thay ha.— Mialula of lha Kaalm. 
 
 (•) Uagaril. 
 
 To pla«« a akaoh on auah an itiaoapt^ j^gk 
 Itammi ««aH*d 11 u, ba high iraaaMi "tt 
 daaira or naatidoualy wtah. (ih* hlMg r«> 
 qnaatad that thia tarn akanld ha aaaaad 
 (Vom lha •et), by word or hy <rriU«g, to 
 rauaa or to ImaKlna anything ifbiKKtoua to 
 tha king, quaan, or thair ha4ra i to daaf 
 iham lha honoura. litiaa, snd q-iaiil 
 dtia to thair royal dignity, at tc 
 Iham wirhadly or falMly of hMm^ 
 or tyranny ."(<) 
 
 T^ua It waa death hy tha law tA dany 
 Anna Rolayn lha llila of higluMaa, or ika 
 king who had hmkan uiiKf dM Ml* af 
 Catholla. Th« r«rllamCnt had («*aud a ta* 
 kinl of kataUuont tharafora wa hs«0 IM 
 right to ba aatonUhad U Ito requiring aaar 
 oatha. In Ihraa ytars, lha old formuhi bad 
 h*coma (00 o.nUqoatad. and Iharafoa* It wM 
 rhan;;<.d. Hy awannng to lha kittg'a apiHlual 
 aupramacy, lha blaiiopa had already aehno«N 
 ladgad that tha Popa had no Irtngtr anf 
 apiritual authority In England i thiit th^^ 
 wrra narar t^i appaal t<< hia dadaion i to 
 ranounca alt rurraapondanM wilth bin ; and 
 to aand tha king avary maaaaga or lattar 
 thay might racalva from Roma. But did net 
 tha pralata, whoaa longua and Angara wata 
 thua hound, aft with tha aama hypocritical 
 m i a n* a4 Cranmcr, and protaat agalnal 
 what ha wruta or awora^ Hanry antlei* 
 patad thia. and ho waa not at raat until k« 
 kad nbtolnad from avary blahop In tha 
 kingdom a formal ranuneialion of avary 
 ulterior protaat which oould poaaibly aluda 
 or waakaa a alag la latter of tha Qtitk of 
 Supraraaey t(*) aa that it «•• laapoaaiMa 
 to rtpaai tha Ihrea f la m iarly aoiad by tba 
 ANhbiahop of Caatarbory. Wa mlok 
 doubt whathar tha primato waa plaaaad 
 with thia royal atrfttacom. But thara w«a 
 ktill ranaining in tha Prayar Book ai 
 obnoiiooa nama which rapraoantad an 
 iroaga. Tba word Popt waa (naorlbad in 
 Utrw ^uotidUmm of tha Faithful. Ranff 
 ordorad it to ba aflMMd jl^ tlw, I(||(M| 
 
 f«) Arohaologia XXT. TW. 
 
 (•) That if any ahall, by writing, printing^ 
 or any aiiakior daad maliciouaiy do or proonra 
 any thing tu tha paril of lha King's panon, ot 
 wharaby ha may oa diatnrhad or inlarraplad of 
 tha crown, or to lha darogaitoa «f tha marriage 
 «ith Anna, VtMm aihncaathatl l>a Ugh lraaao< 
 — HUUaiaa of lha Haalm. 
 
 ,i 
 
M« 
 
 UlfK or HINRT Vllt 
 
 and Kkltndkr. Tht u«ni« miKhi b« utUrtd. 
 bvl oa th* oondiiUtn that it ahould mpn* 
 •Ml to l>vi tya and mind, at ih4 antlehriat 
 pradictad by tha prophat DanUl, tha baait 
 of tha uVpooaljrpae, and tha *' Old man of 
 Bin" of tha Old TaaUmant. It waa undar 
 Ihia Mpla Ibrm that Cnnmar apoka oi tha 
 Popa In hia a0nnbna.(*) 
 
 Thara may yat ba mat with aoma old 
 bookab printad In tha oommanoamant of 
 Hanr/a ralgn, in whioh tha atMura of tha 
 aoounad nama aaama to hava baan oom- 
 Bittad by a trambiing hand. It waa aa in 
 Baioay at tha lima of tha leooodaatio 
 murfhra laiaad by Cariatadt, when avarj 
 aool NRaaantad by tha word of tha aroh- 
 daaooB could only praaarva hia Book of 
 Houra by cutting off tha head of tha aainta 
 with whioh aoma old artiat had amballishod 
 ik Than t^an appaarad a royal pioolania* 
 lioa. aftcod to all tha doora of tha ehurohea, 
 ■nd, aeoording to ouatom, criad by tha 
 •o«md of a trampat in tha city of London. 
 
 C') IMd'a Uh of Oranmar. 
 
 ord<*rinK that from hancaforward tha pura 
 Word or UihI alone ahould ba praaehed in 
 the tem|ilaa of the Lord i that tha nama of 
 tha lti*li(*p of Itame ahould ba affkced from 
 everr liturgical book t that on each Sunday 
 and holiday, tha prlnat ihould aacand tha 
 pulpit to declare to the people that tha 
 JiirlRdiction, title, and qualification of 
 Huprema lleail of tha Church belonged to 
 the king aloae.(i>) The aharlffa of th<i 
 countlea, by tha good plaaaura of tha king, 
 tranaformad into aplea, warn otdaiad to 
 kaap a atriflt watch ovar tha olargy, and to 
 denounce to tha Privy Council not only 
 thoaa who neglacud to obey tha aoreraign, 
 but thoee whoaooompliehed their duty with 
 but DwnifMt negligence and Indifferanoo 
 
 (I*) That the Irue. mere, and linoere Word 
 of Ood should be preached in the ohurohea i 
 that the name of the BUbop of Rome ebould 
 be eiaaed out of all liturgloal books : that on 
 every Bnnday and K^ly day the people should 
 be taught, that the title, etyle, ani Jurladiotiona 
 s,i Supreme Head apaeruued to the &iaa, Ac. 
 — WfliioB, Concilia. 
 
 CHAPTER XXIX. 
 
 THE CARTHUSIANS AND PISHBR.— IftSft. 
 
 lof a Anrcl tha BellgioaeHeaaea to the Statute of Snprenaey.— Tha Thna GaOiwiam 
 rtmmm.'-ThMit ImoU deelk.— Oalontties propagated against thoee who bed Bnflhi«d.--Fi8ber at 
 the Tower.— His ktter to Cromwell.— Fisher before hie jodges.— His huit moments.— Bit aiteea* 
 ties.— I<egead.— iJ^ppeel of Pan! III. to the Prinoee of Christendom, 
 
 Wa hvn «T«iy raaaon to be thankftal to 
 Almighty God fbr having praeanrad aapark 
 «f Fl^ dntiag thia period of apoatacy in 
 KngJand to be a oonaolation to fiuthful 
 aool^ aad a diaatiaaBMnt to the wicked. 
 yutm fed lor laftage to aome of the Reli- 
 giooi Hoaaao in the vididty of London, 
 oapecially to the Monaateiiaa of tha Car^ 
 BrigMliei, and Refotmed Viwu- 
 >) OaDod on to take the oath of 
 
 
 (•) Caniiaal Pole aaeuree na that tha Car* 
 Owsiaas, Biigiitiaea, nod Obaerrante eqjtmd 
 dM nfmtMtiaa of beiag the moat segqhtr.— Sea 
 kieApokgy. 
 
 allegiance, the monka who inhabited them 
 preforred rather to quit thehr Houaee of 
 Prayer than expoae ihemaalTaa to the angei 
 of the deapot. Some went to Italy, othera 
 to Spain, many to FralM^ and the mi^ty 
 to Flandcra, that ]»nd which ao neMifiilly 
 reoeived theee poor exUea. Of thoee who 
 remained in England, a great number 
 uahappUy fell .Iciaaa to the craft or threata 
 <rf Cromwell} bnt iome hermeally oppoeed 
 the government, and |daeed between ein and 
 martyrdom, peefnred rather to abed diair 
 bkod for Ood than aacriflea thafar aoula fb> 
 the tyrant. It la a pieaaora for ua who aik 
 
 JL_ 
 
hancaforwurd th* pur« 
 ! •hould be prtMhed In 
 Ltirti I that tha nama of 
 g ihciuld ba affkcad from 
 ( t that on aaoh Sunday 
 'inat ihould aacand tha 
 u tha ptopla that tha 
 and qualification of 
 ihs Churah balongad to 
 Tha aharlffa of th<f 
 d plaaaura of tha kin«, 
 piaa, wara ordaiad to 
 nrar tha olarKjr, and to 
 rivjr Counoil not only 
 to obay tha aorareign, 
 ipHihed thair duty with 
 inea and Indiffnrano* 
 
 mora, and linoara Word 
 •aobad in tha ohurohaa i 
 Bishop of Roma abould 
 ituraioal booka s that on 
 >ty day tha uaopia ahould 
 la, atyla, and Jttrladiotiona 
 aruuad to tha &ing, Ac. 
 
 —Tha Thna QaiLwiam 
 
 b«d mfllmd.— Fiabac at 
 
 It momM>ta.>»Blft aiiaeoi* 
 
 ■M who inhabited tham 
 quit thehr Houaee of 
 bemaelvea to the angei 
 le want to Italy, otbera 
 nnoe, and the nu^ty 
 id which ao nMieifnlly 
 exUaa. Of thoee who 
 ud, a great nnmber 
 ta tothaenfliorthieata 
 DOM heroically oppoaed 
 pUeed between em and 
 id rather to ahedtiieir 
 aaaiflea thehr aoula lo> 
 tieaaara for ua who aik 
 
 
 i 
 
 ^^*^*^^ 
 
CARDINAJ. FI8BBR. Borx IMB.-MAimraBD lUR. 
 
 ( > 
 
Lire or RiiKuy tiii. 
 
 048 
 
 ( 
 
 Catholioa to relate th« dulh of th«Me glo- 
 riou« oonfMiors of Christ > may thejr 
 obttin from all who read theae paK"* > 'gar 
 of remembrance, which will serve them 
 instead of the grave, refused by their cruel 
 persecutors! We take a pleaiiure in relating 
 how Peyto and Clsiow, defenders of the 
 true liberty of conscienoe, answered Crom- 
 well, when he threatened to throw them 
 into the Thames: "Uo threaten those 
 wealthy in the goods of the world, who 
 drink in goblets and sleep on down { what 
 matters it to us if we are thrown into the 
 Thanua t Um road to heaven is as short by 
 water as by Und."(*) Cromwell pardoned 
 theae brave anJ generous defenders of the 
 Faith. Perhaps his motive waa to win over 
 the monks of their orders by clemency; but 
 he soon perceived that all were animated by 
 the same faith, and accordingly, by the 
 king's orders, h« drove them from their 
 monasteries, throwing some into prison, 
 and confining others in conventual cells; 
 and nearly fifty of them perished in the 
 dungeons, of cold or starvation. Wrioth- 
 esley (one of those timid suuls, and a num« 
 ber of the Privy Council, who were afraid to 
 acknowledge their Auth) saved several, by 
 using hie interest in obtaining their banish* 
 ment to France and Scutland.(^) On the 
 slightest appearance of danger, Henry in- 
 variably had recourse to hia general remedy 
 —blood. 
 
 There was in the vicinity of London « 
 Carthusian bouse, (known by the name of 
 the Monastery of the Salutation.) of which 
 John Houthon waa Superior.(o) On the 
 Bill of Supremacy passing into law, 
 Houthon assembled hia brethren, read to 
 them the new statute, and aaked them if 
 they were prepared to take the oath. They 
 replied, "We would prefer death, and 
 Heaven and earth will bear witness that we 
 died ui4uaay."(<'} "God's holy name be 
 bleased," replied the prior; "and may he 
 
 • (•) Stowe. 
 ■ 0>) Lingard. 
 
 (0) Innocentia et eoastaatia viotrts, aive 
 eommeutarioltts de vita ratioie et martyrio 18 
 Carthutianonun qui io Angliat regno sab 
 Henrico VIII., ob Bectosi» dafenatoMaa om- 
 deliter trocidati sunt; ediu primdml B. P. F. 
 Ohancao, Angle qoadem ordinia. 1608* in 
 CarthnsiA Horti Angelonim, Wiroeburgi. 
 
 (•t) Channoey. Innocentia et coQstantia. 
 
 vouchsafe to you the grace of perseverance 
 in your holy resolution. Prepare then to 
 appear before God by a genei I cunfsssion 
 of your sins, and let each of you select a 
 spiritual fathur, to whom I grant the power 
 of K>*'ing the last absolution." 
 
 Tlie night was spent in tears of penpnca 
 and the joy uf reoonciliatiou. On the 
 morrow, at the first stroke of the bell, the 
 brethren assembled in the hall, and soon 
 afterwards the prior appeared, who thus 
 ajdresied these noble champions of the 
 Faith : " Dear fathers and brethren, do aa 
 I am about to do, I beg of you;" then 
 advancing towards the senior monk, he 
 knelt down and said to him : " Father, blesa 
 me in the name of the Father and of the 
 Son and of the Holy Ghost ;" and each of 
 the brethren proatrated himHcIf before him, 
 whuse virtue or age made him an object of 
 veneration among his brother Religious. 
 While this affecting seen** was going on, 
 two priori, alarmed at the intelligence they 
 had just received, knocked at the gate, 
 having come to take the advice of Father 
 Houthon, who waa renowned for his great 
 learning and piety ; they were the Prior of 
 of our Lady of the Visitation, (Father 
 Augustine Webster); and the Prior of 
 Belleval, (Father Robert lAwrence.) Th^ 
 decided th&t it was beet to have an inter* 
 view with Cromwell, to beg of him to let 
 them be in peace, and not to require of 
 them the oath preacribed by the eUtute. 
 Cromwell endoevoured to show them that 
 in refiising to take the oath, they would 
 devote both their bodies and souls to destruc- 
 tion, as they would be guilty of diaobe- 
 dience to God and the king, whom Christ 
 had made Supreme Head of the Church. 
 The Fathers shook their heads, as a sign el 
 their disbelieving his assertion. The 
 minister, irritated at their obstinacy, (aa he 
 called it,) ordered them to be taken to ihn 
 Tower, and they ascended the atep leading 
 to the Traitor's Gate with great alanrity 
 and cheerfulness of nund.(<) A fisw dayg 
 after Cromwell, acoompanied by some of 
 the Privy Couneillora, went to the Tower^, 
 and did all in his power to persuade theae 
 Religioua to take the oath. Father Hoath(Hi^ 
 apeaking for himself and hia eomf 
 
 (•) Channoey. 
 
 Innocentiar et oonstantia. 
 K 2 
 
 ^- 
 
tt44 
 
 LIFE or HBNBT tTU. 
 
 dacland thkt they vara quite r««dy to tkke 
 My oath that waa not oppoaed to tha 
 eomman Imanta of the Chnroh "(>) " What 
 care I for the Churoh V'Q>) replied Crotnwall. 
 " No restriction ; the law does not admit 
 it. Aaawer simply : Will you, or will you 
 not obey the law ?" " We cannot." replied 
 Houthoo, " for St. Augustine has s«id : ' I 
 would not believe the g<>u;)el, unless autho- 
 rised to do 80 by the Catholic Church.' "(«) 
 Cromwell retired. 
 
 The followinfr momini; the Religious, 
 included in a Bill of Attainder, appeared 
 before the court with a monk of Sion 
 (Reynolds) and a secular priest. The Jury 
 ■t first rafbaed to convict the poor Religious, 
 whoaa piety was so well known, of high 
 tMaaan ; but the text of the law was formal. 
 The statute which bestowed the title of 
 Supreme Head of the Church on the 
 monarch, declared thoae guilty of high 
 treason, "who ahould endeavour, either by 
 Vri>ing or printing, to deprive bim of that 
 dignity and thoae honoura ;" the brethren 
 bad neither said nor written anything. But 
 other statutes, suggested by the king him- 
 ■elf, had been enacted condemning any one 
 for obstinately reftising to take the oath, 
 wheflMr he was ailent to save hia life, or 
 gave bis reasons. Waa he silent, he re- 
 ftised to acknowledge the king's supre- 
 macy? Did he bring forward any reason 
 on which to fbund hia refusal, he then 
 derogated from royalty the attributes of 
 Difine right ? Thus caught in the meahes 
 of the Iaw, the oulprit resembled a bird 
 ftscinated by the eye of the serpent, which 
 remaina motionless on the tree, or flutters 
 with te wings as if desiring to take to 
 iight The jury BtillhesiUted. CromweD 
 Wffed them to oonviet, oa the king waa im- 
 fMtimtly awidting their dedsion. A first 
 massage aeemed to make no impreadon on 
 tile eonit A second v/m no leas unauceeaa- 
 fiiL Tho ministw entere<'. their room of 
 eoandta^n himself, and pointed cut to tho 
 iniy that tho aoruplea and objeetiona of the 
 p^nere, tradinj to deprive the king of 
 
 (^) Channce;. Inncenli*. et erasisatia. 
 
 • m lb. 
 
 {•I B|o verft evaogelio »ca crederem, iiii4 
 m*' BcelaiJs Ca^ltea i»»aaMivwM asolentss. 
 
 the honours, titles, and attribuUs condirred 
 on him by the law. conitituted the ertme of 
 high treason t(A) and after several entreaties 
 threatened to deprive them of their 
 lives, unless thiy returned a verdict of 
 guilty. (•) The foreman of the jury ac- 
 eordingly, with his hand on his heart, pru- 
 noiincfd the ordinary formula— out lty. 
 
 Rve days after, (6th May 1536). the 
 three monks, in their religions habits, Rey- 
 nolds and the priest, wtre fastened oq a 
 hurdle and dragged by horses m tmt u 
 Tyburn, tiie place appointed for their 
 execution, abootthree milee from London.(0 
 After untying the cord which hound Father 
 lluuthon, the executioner approached, and 
 according to the euatom of the period. 
 beg)(ed his pardon ; the Father could 
 scarcely raise hia arm to give him the 
 kisa of peace ; on arriving on the platform, 
 he turned towards the people, when one of 
 Privy Council, who was standing at the 
 foot of the gibbet, cried aloud. <* Father 
 John, the king will pardon you on condition 
 that you take the oath." " No," replied 
 the Carthusian, lifting up hia eyes t(t 
 heaven. "No < all you who now hear me, 
 will witness at the great day of judgment 
 that it waa neither through obatinacy nor 
 malice that I ref^ised to take the oath, bat 
 out of obedience to my Ood, my Church, 
 and my oonscienee. F^y for me, and taktf 
 pity on my poor brethren whos« unworthy 
 prior I waa."(i) The executioner leant for- 
 ward to tie hia arms, when the prior, with a 
 countenance resplendent with heavenly joy, 
 sang, " In diee, O my Ood do I put my 
 trnst, let me not be oonfounded, bnt do- 
 liver me according to Hiy jostioe." Then 
 '■truing round, he ascended the ladder, put 
 his bead into the noose, and ottered hia 
 htst oiy. He was not dead when cat 
 down,(^) and hie body waa embowelled 
 while yet warm, add his heart aad entrailsd) 
 oast into Ae fire. The trunk waa divtdeid 
 bto four piaoM, which, hen half roaated, 
 were sent to the fcnr awst itsqitortaat dtiaf 
 
 Mih alstiite Hsary f m; 
 
 Chaussey, Itsnocestia, Ae. 
 
 lb. 
 
 Ik. 
 
 t) lb. 
 
iBd attribuUt conCirreil 
 onitittttod tha trim* of 
 >ft«r Hveral entrettiei 
 >rive th«m of their 
 returned a verdict of 
 man of the Jury u> 
 tiand on hi* heart, pru- 
 y formula— ou(LTY. 
 (6th Maj )53S), the 
 r religioua habiU, Kty- 
 it, wtre faataned oq a 
 I hj horiea iia fkr as 
 
 appointed for th^ir 
 e miles from London^t) 
 rd which hound Father 
 Moner approached, and 
 uatom of the period, 
 I ; the Father could 
 inn to give him the 
 riving on the pktfonn, 
 \e people, when one of 
 
 was standing at the 
 cried aloud. "Father 
 irdon you on condition 
 ath." "No," replied 
 ing up bis eyes t(t 
 'ou who now hear me, 
 reat day of judgment 
 hrough obatinacy not 
 
 to take the oath, bat 
 ny God, my Church, 
 F^y for me, and takii 
 hren whos« unworthy 
 I execationer leant for- 
 wben the prior, with a 
 ent with heavenly joy, 
 ny Ood do I put my 
 Oonfounded, bnt de- 
 I Thy jostlce." Then 
 tended the ladder, put 
 uose, and attered his 
 
 not dead when cat 
 ady was embowelkd 
 lis heart aad entrBiIs(i) 
 ha trank was divided 
 ;h, hen half KMj«ted, 
 aost iuqitortaat eitiwi 
 
 iry?Ut 
 sestia, 4ko. 
 
 i.lff or HRXRT vra 
 
 Ml 
 
 of the kingdom, to frighlenC*) odl those 
 who wore a monk's habit. The head waa 
 filed on a pole at London Bridge, and 
 one of the arms fastened to the gate 
 of the Monastery of the Visitation.C>) 
 Th« other two prioTS, ReynoMs and the 
 priest, died with like rtoignation, and 
 endured the eame tbrments. Three monks 
 of the Carthusian Order, who had in 
 vain requested permission to aooom* 
 pany their brethren to the gallows as 
 ooufessors, were hanged on the 18th of 
 June, and were followed by others. There 
 is in Reginald Pole a frightful and har- 
 rowing tale of some of these iiBmolatious 
 renewed by this second Decas. The 
 execution^ who well knew from freqaent 
 practice at what moment the fatal knot 
 should be tied, " suspended the embraces 
 of that fell tyraM DenlSi, aad thus pro-: 
 longed the sufferings of his viotiro."(^ 
 How qan we justify the unwonted and 
 unheard of torments ? 
 
 It was nuted at court, that the convict 
 had died not for refusing to teke the oath, 
 but for having been lyn accomplice In a plot 
 against the king's life.(<i) Thoee three 
 Religious, who, of their own accord, had 
 an interview with Cromwell, conspired 
 agunst the Tudor dynasty I tlie proofb of 
 their guilt, it was s*id, had been laid before 
 Parliament with their confession. Had 
 they not, a moment before they were 
 launched into eternity, demanded pardon 
 of Ood and men ? Witnesses swore that 
 they heard the dying m<;n call the king mer> 
 ciful. ]fn vain wotdd the search be now-»- 
 days for these abominable documenta. 
 
 (■) Chatmcey, lAnoeentia, Ac. 
 
 (>>) There is no doubt that these persons, for 
 denying Iks soprsaiaey as may be novsd by 
 tho bill against two of them, John Rocbestsr 
 and James Walworth.— B. M. US9. Cleop., 
 E. VI. ' > •««ja XXV., 84. 
 
 (•) >' |v. ■'.. -Hhaynald., Annal, E«oL 
 
 (•■) 'VJ|« i„ tinwy re|KKt w(«t amdng Ov 
 comm' .. !>'.'> ,j that thsae (iSuee Carthnsiui 
 Priors) ':.n\ hitai t«gethw to kill the king, 
 and th«r»lH(a jasUy andaimsnt tJMs pnaisli- 
 ment'~a. ainrpe, HaHsaya: TM ths in- 
 dictment statec that they hao tiaiieioosly 
 ipitketi ageiost the ktn^'. his crown and ma- 
 jesty ; and IViotislily tuAmowleAtai their trcb- 
 Boii, which int«UcioH«ty iiuy aVodrtmi. — Hall 
 was the aiuuilist of the fiiStfviUes of the coait. 
 
 They art no longer in ttistencet they 
 were destroyed for fear that the heir of 
 Henry the VIII. ahould curse the memory 
 of his father.(*) But we are aoqiiainud 
 with all that the martyrs said. Thsy are 
 protests, when within a hail of eternity 
 against the injustice of the sentence by 
 which they were condemned to death; or 
 prayers, truly affecting an^ heart touching 
 for the conversion of the despot. 
 
 Listen for a while to Father Humphrey 
 Middlerr- jre : while they were tearing off 
 his flesh with red-hot pincers in searching 
 for his heart, he smiled at tho executioner 
 and said : " Our heart is not there, it is in 
 heaven where-is our treaaure."(') "Tell 
 your maater how we died," aaid William 
 Meuwe, " may he repent." And if some 
 pious soul had not written the narrative of 
 them sufferitwgs, no tiace.of tbem would 
 have been now extant.(() Fisher laiiguishe4 
 for some time in prison, deserted by his 
 friends, aa they were afraid of being impli- 
 cated. Almost without food, never by 
 chance a drop of wine, hia clothes almost 
 in rags, and deprived of even bin oflice 
 book; such was his lot! After caraesi 
 entreaties, a pen and slip of paper were girea 
 him, on whrob he sddressed a few lines to 
 Cromwell. "Have some pity for me," 
 writes the old man, now in his 77th year. 
 " I have no ahirt, no linen, no clothes. 
 My nakednees mskes mci ashamed <»f iay« 
 aetf. I could, however, stili bear up with 
 it, if I waa ena'uled to support the body. 
 
 8 
 
 (•) We have no detail what these were, as the 
 legal documeata have disappeared.— Tumsr. 
 
 (') Cbauncey, Innocentia, Ac. 
 
 (r) Ooclenitts (Conradns), the Mtittd of 
 Erasmus, has related in detail the deaths i^ 
 Fisher and More. His HSS. letter still exists, 
 it wss sold hi 1843, by M. Van Slopen, at 
 
 arts,) and is hi the posMssion of a notary at 
 Chftlons-sur Marue. Ilie iuurr«tbe of the 
 do-^th of the three prior*, aad fUVeen otiier 
 Carthttsiana. was sent !w the &thers of that 
 order to Mayeuce in 1&50, to be prteled. 
 Pde, in hia apo..«y to Charles V., seeaks of 
 their death, and deplores the fate of one of 
 (hem (ReynolAi), "qui, quod in paw ' <«iicis 
 ejiis generis homii<um reperitur, omnium libera- 
 lium artiub^ (ognilionem non vulgarem habe« 
 bat, eamoue sx ipsis haustsm fentibus."— 
 Btiype. Tiwawnun cmdeUutiffia hsxetioorum 
 noetn vjmporw.~Bumet asserts that uutir 
 death was neitbwr cnul ace new. 
 
•46 
 
 Lira or HKNKt ▼ill. 
 
 bu* Uiay give ma Uttia or notking to tat, 
 u Qod knowa 1 At mj age, the atomaoh 
 WMila food t and if I have it not, I ahall 
 ■oon die. I beaecch you then, in the name 
 of charity, beg the king, to deliver me from 
 thiacold and murderoua priaon i this would 
 be indeed an act of of chatity, for which I 
 ahouid b« aver grateful, and Ood would 
 r-,nir»!-ii you for it by taking you under hia 
 proteciion and good guardianahip. I have 
 yet two more favoura to requeat i the flrat, 
 to allow me to aee a priest to whom I may 
 eonfeat, fur Chriitmas ia drawing nigh} 
 snd 8««ondly, to lend me an office book, 
 thai ! iktay be able to aay my prayera during 
 that huiy leaaon, and eomtoH my aoul. 
 Orant ma all tkia, I beg of you. for the 
 take uf charity. May our Lord Touctuafe 
 you aa happy a new year aa you can wiab. 
 —Pram the Tower, aand Dee., ISM; written 
 ivy the hand of your poor aerraDt."(*) Such 
 wot almoai word for word, tLe ezpreaeiona 
 of Sanretwi. when he wrote bom the priaona 
 of Geneva to Calrin i " I am devoured by 
 lice and other vermta. I am in ragt, and 
 have no elothec wherewith to change, and 
 anflfer muoh from the cold, and am eubjest 
 to attacka of eholic, which have given riae 
 to other inoonvenkmeea^ of which I am 
 ytahamed to write. It ia indeed cruel that 
 I am not allowed to leave, eren tor a aeaaon, 
 to obtain whai it neoettary. For the love 
 of God, or for pity'a take, or from duty, 
 give the requiaite ordert."(^) The theocrst 
 who reigned aft London wae aa mercileaa 
 wit^ rcgwd to Fiaber, aa had been ihetheu- 
 mi wht reigoed at Geneva to the prayera 
 of Servetut. At Florence, MacchiavelU. 
 after having been implicauid in the oon> 
 ■piraoy of BokoU againtt the Medicfa, waa 
 waiting in priaon the chaatirement due tc 
 hia crime, when Leo X.,compaa*ioBatiug tba 
 aecr^tary of the Republic, gave him hit 
 Uhattj.Q>> If modern luatariana are to be 
 believvd, Henry prayed that death might 
 deliver him o>" Fitber. Death, however, 
 came not 3 instead of Ming a victim to 
 that griiu tyrant, the priaonar vrat about to 
 i«ceiv<t a crown. Clement VII. had been 
 (nuoMdMl by Paul III. One of the firat 
 
 (•) B<Mr. Brit.. (Art Fidier.)— Tytler, 
 W Andin.— Hirt. de Calvin. 
 
 'S 
 
 (a) AodiUk — Hi«t. de L^u X. 
 
 thoughta of the n«w Pontiff wan to reward 
 Fieher'a horoitm and atuiiitneniit by the 
 cardinal'* hat. On hearing that a courier 
 wae ra roM/« with the emblem of this hIu. 
 riout dixnity fur the Bishop uf Rochester, 
 the king gave orders that ha should not be 
 allowed to land at Dover t then, in order <« 
 be acquainted with the iutpressiou that this 
 intelligence would produce 00 the old inaii, 
 Cromwell waa oomminioned to visit tLe 
 prisoner. " What would you say, my lord," 
 asked Cromwell of the bishop, "if yuu 
 were told that the Pope intended sending 
 you a eardinal'a bat t would yuu accept it }" 
 " I think myself truly unworthy of auoh a 
 favour," replied Fuheri "but if the Pope, 
 aa a testimony of my conduct, were to 
 send it to me, I should receive it on both 
 my kneee, as a mark of respect and grati- 
 tude." "Mother of Godt" exdatmed 
 the king, on hearing Fisher's reply, " he 
 shall wear it then on his shoulders, for 1 
 shall leave him no head to set it on."(') 
 
 During Fither'a imprisonment, the Par- 
 liament had on the 31st November, 1534, 
 by a new statute, declared those to be 
 ttmitore to the etate who denied to the king 
 the titla of Supreme Head of the Church 
 in England ; and it was by virtue of this 
 statute that the prisoner waa to be aciiudgf d. 
 It would indeed have been a victory if they 
 could have made the captive acknowledge 
 the spiritual supremasy of the Pontiff king : 
 tbie they hoped to accomplish by meant of 
 privations and aufferinge, but the bishop 
 waa inflesible t and it waa only necosoury to 
 tecura his condemnation that be should 
 utter one or two indiscreet words. Rich, the 
 Solicitor General, went one day to the 
 Tower with a message flrom the king ; be 
 entered the captive's room and told him, 
 with a smiling cotmtenanoe, that his 
 mi^sty wished to have the opinion ot so 
 enUghtened a prelate aa the prisoner, on the 
 supremacy which Parliament huA acknow* 
 ledgad to be on« of the attributea of 
 royidty, aa the prince had his scruples on 
 the subject. Ridi aaaured Fiaher that he 
 had no cauae to be afraid, but that he might 
 expreas himaelf ft«dy and anretejrredly; the 
 
 {*) Mother of God : he shaU wear it on his 
 shonlilsia then, lor I wUl leave him never a 
 haad (o set it an, — Ifiog. Bril.— Tytlor, 
 
f Pontiff wan to reward 
 1(1 Muiiiinenu bj the 
 
 hearing that a courier 
 IB flmblem of thi» ||lu. 
 I Biahop of Rochealer, 
 I that ha should not be 
 over t then, IB order <n 
 ;he iinpressiou that this 
 reduce on the old inaii. 
 miialoned to riait tie 
 >uld you say, my lord," 
 ' the bishop, "if yuu 
 Pope intended sendinK 
 
 would yuu accept it ?" 
 \j unworthy of auoh a 
 her I "but if the Pope, 
 my conduct, were to 
 uld receive it on both 
 I of respect ami grati- 
 of God t " exclaimed 
 g Flaher'e i«piy« " he 
 <a his thoulders, for 1 
 ead to set it on."(<i) 
 mprisonment, the Par- 
 3Iit Novainbcr, 1934, 
 
 declared those to be 
 who denied to the Iting 
 e Head of the Church 
 
 was by virtue of thia 
 ner waa to be adiodge d. 
 B been a victory if they 
 le captive aclinowledge 
 i3y of the Pontiff king : 
 ccomplish by tneana of 
 irings, but the bishop 
 t waa only ueeoasuy to 
 lation that ba ahould 
 Kveat wards. Richj, the 
 went one day to the 
 ige flrom the king ; be 
 s room and told him, 
 onntenanoe, that his 
 uve the opinion of so 
 i aa the priaooer, on the 
 arliament hui acknow* 
 
 of the attributes of 
 ee had his scraples on 
 laaured Fiaher that he 
 ifraid, but that be might 
 f and unreMirTedly; the 
 
 : ha shall wear it on kia 
 wUl leave him narei a 
 Dg. Brit-— Tytlor. 
 
 uri or HENHT ym. 
 
 947 
 
 king expressly wished to have the prisoner's 
 opinion i favourable or unfavourable, none 
 should know anythioff of it. Rich spoke 
 with such persuasive candour that the old 
 man took courage. " More than once have 
 I, <f I remember rightly, apoken with bis 
 majesty on this subject, and ! •h«H not 
 change my tone now that I have but a few 
 more daya to livei I am of the aame 
 opinion to-day aa I waa yesterday, that if 
 the king ia at all ooncerned for his salva- 
 tion, he will have nothing to do with the 
 statute of aupremacy."(*) Mch now tiiok 
 his leave. The case waa tried. Before the 
 trial, however, the priaoner waa examined 
 several timee. He waa aaked c n Hth Juna, 
 1539, if he wouM recognise the king aa 
 Supreme Head of the Church, that prinoe*a 
 marriage with Lady Anna aa legal, and 
 Henry's unioD with Katharine aa inceatu- 
 ous (t>) Fisher nutlte the same reply aa ha 
 had pravioasly done to a«iveral prelates 
 who had visited him in priaoni ha waa 
 prepared to Uke the Oath of Succession, 
 but h« begged that they would not press 
 him to give an answer to the other 
 questions.^) ^&%,, 
 
 Robert Southey reglMa Fisher's refu.^1 
 M a fit of obstinacy {(J) but happily sectarian^ 
 ism ia not universidly inimical to the light 
 of truth, for another Protestant writer 
 (Bruoe) lamenta that " ao dangerous a doc- 
 trine bad so able an advoo«te.(«) The 
 bishop appeared at the bar helVA^ xht Duke 
 of Suffolk and other peera, appointed ^ti try 
 him by virtue of a royal oomnik >sni:),^i^ 
 The indtotment waa read aloud. The btsbop 
 wac accused of having falsely, malioiottsif , 
 and tnutoroualy deaired, imagined, in- 
 vented, essayed (the terma aa well aa the 
 idea of the bill ar« equally barbarous) to 
 deprivB th« hing of hia royal lUtributea, m., 
 
 («) Biog. Brit. (Art Fisher.) 
 
 (o) Liniard. 
 
 («> To this iBterrogatorie he desireth, that 
 he maye not be driven to answere leet be ahalde 
 fitU thereby intc the daungen of the statutaa. 
 — UStJ. Chap. lUmii, Wmbninster, VII. &. 
 
 (d) XhD binhop's nemiittance tu refusing to 
 do the oath wna platiuy a 'oatier of ob&tinacyt 
 not of cooDcienoe. — Bcok af iib« dkiifch. 
 
 («} It is a pity Utai « docrtiine mo dangercua 
 had ao «bte an aavt«at« —AiehmtA. X\V. 68. 
 —Bruce. 
 
 («> Kaplu d« Thoyei* 
 
 of hia title and of hia name aa Suprema 
 Head of the Church. This crime, provided 
 for by the statute, had been coraraitled 
 among other places at the Tower, on 7th 
 May, when Fisher had maliciously, traitor- 
 ously, and fiilaely said : " 'I'he king ia not 
 thfl Head of the Church."(i) Rich arose 
 to affirm that ha had heard these blaaphe- 
 miesi the old man then perceived the 
 snare into which he had fallen by meaiu of 
 the Solictor General i but he did not 
 endeavour to Justify himsrlf, still less to 
 implora ths pity of hia Judge, and he waa 
 accordingly condemned to be beheaded. 
 He waa led back to prison on boraebaek 
 or in a boat, aa he waa unable to walk ;(!■) 
 on returning tu his cell he prepared, by 
 prayer, to appear before God. 
 
 Un the aand of June, the lieutenant of 
 the Tower came to awaken him. Kingston 
 was at a loaa how to coramunicata tha 
 purport of hia mission to the priaonar. 
 "My lord," said he, with great effort, 
 " you are very old, tery infirm, and almoat 
 worn out, and a day more or leaa < 
 
 My lord the pleasure of hia gract is that 
 
 this morning 
 
 "Thank you,' 
 
 said Fiaher, " I nndcratand ; but at what 
 hourr*' At nine, my lord." " And what 
 o'clock ia it nowJ" " It hae just struck 
 fiver' "Five o'clock. Oh, I have yet 
 time to take a good two hours* aleep. Let 
 tne rest." " It ia the king** pleaaure that 
 you do not apeak too long to the people." 
 " His grata ahfiU b* oboyad." Ksher went 
 to tteep. He aroee at aeven, and dreiaed 
 himaeif in tha beat clothaa he had j tm 
 permisaion bed at laat been obtained for 
 him to have hooka and elothes.(') " Why 
 auch care}" inquired Kingston, " Beoauae 
 I am going to my wadding. I ahall to- 
 day be married to death, and one ought to 
 dreas well on a festival. Kingaton, give 
 me my fur cravat, that I may keep my 
 neck warm." Kingston amiled. "Eh I 
 have you forgotten that this neck belongs 
 to God, who gave it to me, and Utat I mnat 
 therefore t^ke care of it." 
 
 The Boaffuid waa ready and waiting to 
 rectiva ita viotiin. Fisher aaked for a New 
 
 (f ) Tytler. 
 (h) Thomson. 
 
 0) He ieceir«d « letter IVom Erararaa 
 wiiila in ptmm.—Uiia., Hari., No. 7047, p. 81. 
 
 •r*«u.. 
 
 fi 
 
un or MBNM VIII. 
 
 ; 
 
 t 
 
 •ni, whioh h« <ip«nMl on iMving hU 
 
 to mil«r K rarrikffa. Th« dktane* 
 
 lonir, ll b«inK Kim* milM frrnn th« 
 
 priMti to lb« Mftffuld. On arrivlnff at 
 
 Tybtarn, h« gavt tha book to on* of hti 
 
 ffttuia, Bad lurnlnff to tha paopla, Mkiil. " I 
 
 dia fi>r our boljr Paith, pray for ma. O my 
 
 Uod. laka m/ aoul, an<l tare iba king and 
 
 kia paopla t" Than knaaling down, ha tang 
 
 Iba n OtwM LaMdaiNM*, and laid bia haad 
 
 M tba blook.(>) Hia kaad waa picbid up 
 
 Md plaoad on London Briilga. wharo H 
 
 «M avpoiad lor fivti daya. Tha lagand 
 
 niataa that tb« countananc«, praaarvtd from 
 
 «o«niplion, aaainad to bo oulxurad with • 
 
 •apamaluna radnaaa. and th«t hia var> 
 
 BpUioa lipa appaarod aa if about to apaak, h 
 
 b^ boan raUtad of aararal nobia martxra.(b) 
 
 Hrarf, fearing that tba taint'a lipa might 
 
 bad bia haad thrown into tha 
 
 >.(•) Tha bodjr, atrippad by tha 
 
 •HMOtionar, rara*inad until araning at tba 
 
 piaca wbara tha aacriflct bad baan aocom- 
 
 ^'''•iMd, whan it waa buried in the church yard 
 
 «f All Hallowa. Barbing (') Tha legend 
 
 •ffitln raladaa. that one Omj Ororowall and 
 
 Om king, who were pMaing near tha biahop'a 
 
 gnva, " aa«r aoma blood, and fled quit* 
 
 ■krmad.** 
 
 Tha CathoUo world Umantad deeply tha 
 Mabop'a daatik. At Jtoma, Paul III., 
 •ibetad avan to taan^ called on ChriaUn. 
 don to commenea a cioaada against a 
 aoyanign who " had allowed tba aainia of 
 Ibo l4ord to bo devoured b/ doga." Ma 
 
 (M Theae detail* have been taken:—]. Frum 
 a L* of Fiaher, in Bnaliak. by Hichtrd Hall. 
 i? ?•! ^..9^^' ColIeM. CambridBe. who 
 died in IflM. at St. OoMr. The nanuacript 
 came after the author'a death into the handi 
 erBai|ay, who publhdied it under hu name — 
 fWood,Atk. Oxen, Alt. LewlaBaylT.) More 
 than one Proieaiant writar hai bona witneea 
 •* **•"'• *«'««i»y- a. From an eioellent 
 JO* by Mr. Biuca in the Anhaulocia, toI. 
 aXV. a. From Newcoart'a Hepertoviom. 
 4. Prom Oodd't Chuich Hiaiory. 
 
 (•) Boverue Ponianoa, Barum mauora. 
 baium Jim uhU ab Aniio Dumini M.D. ad 
 aaaum fai LX in Hap. ChrUiiAui goatarum, 
 libri V. Coloiiue, lbi9. Oocleniua, in the 
 MtiS. latter above quuled. iaye that Fiaher'a 
 bead «aa expoaed Avaeveral day* without tha 
 aUghta« tiatre wi decumpusiiion heiux rtsuarked. 
 
 (•) Uodd'* Church Hiatory. 
 
 {*) It wa« removed frum the churchyard, 
 and placed in the chapel of St. Peter ad Vca. 
 mU, in tha Tower, uaar the 
 
 —MmmmtL 
 
 t tba remain! of Mora. 
 
 wrou to tha emperor, Pardinand of Auttria, 
 and the King* of Portugal and Sootlaod, 
 oalling on the.n to avenge the righU of the 
 Church and the world. Ha thua addraeeed 
 Prancia I i— "Tha Roman Uhureh ha* 
 roeourae to you, dear aon in Jaeu* Cliritt. 
 a* aha avair had to your predeceeaor* when 
 oppre*aed. She appeale to your piety, 
 your banavolaneti your love. C«ima to bar 
 auoeour by following tha aiaropla of your 
 ancaetore, who vindicaud her rigliU when 
 inaulted."(*) 
 
 Henry did not only write hia title of 
 Supreme Head of tba Cburoh in the blood of 
 hia victima, but on braae and on papar On 
 a medal ia tha following inaoripiion around 
 the efflgy i •• Henry VIII., King of Bng. 
 land, Ireland, and Franoa, and Supreme 
 Head of the Chureh of Chri*t."(') Ua 
 wrote with bia own hand at tba eo nmenc*. 
 merit of a Utin Bible, of whkb only the 
 Pentatauob appeared. Ut in rtgno nmu$ 
 titmt niimm im curjton tt $ol U mmdo.(t) 
 The poor peaaant who aaaiatad at Maae, at 
 hia pariah churob. could only pray in • 
 book of prayer in which the hand of aa 
 apoauta had inaerted the epiritual titlea of 
 tha King of England (('<) aiul the prtuat 
 who aaoendad tha pulpit waa compallad to 
 locommend to God'a oaro and protaetion 
 tha anointed Head of tha Chunh. Soma 
 cutoniata, aa Bampaon, andaavourad to 
 prove to tha people >he aacerdotal daecent 
 of Henry s " Tha aUU ia tha body, tba aub> 
 Jeeta are lU mambare, the king ia the haad t 
 the haad conmandatho body and tha main- 
 ben. Open Holy Writi what nad you 
 there} Obey tha king: oiedii.; nyivC) 
 ia it ohtditt tpiicopo f" Calvin waa deeply 
 hiirt when be heard of tbeaa aarvile titlea 
 being heaped on Henry, rid ha curaed, a» 
 blaaphamera, theao bold Malota for tha 
 primacy of Heniy. Woe to Sampaoo 
 had he prcaobad tba rojral aupramaoy at 
 Geneva I 
 
 (•) Rayaaldua.— Ann. Eoclee. (15».) 
 if) Biblotbtque ABglaiae. pa; Anoaiid da 
 
 laCaukpulle. 
 
 (f U tin regno eumoaiicutanisMia corpora 
 et m4 ill mundu. 
 
 (h) Tbti order fo* a (brm of bidding prayera 
 act nut by the king'* authority.— WUUna' 
 Coaeilia.— Stnrpe. 
 
 0) Kichardi ttampeoni* regU aacelli decaat 
 erauo qoA deeet, hortatur, adaMwet oaMaa 
 potiMiiHMa Aagteeiagin digailati ut obediaat 
 
Ptrdinaml o( Auttri^ 
 >rtu||kl and HoolUnd, 
 •nga iha rit|hU of th« 
 I. Ha ihuf (uldrMMd 
 ll(>iii*n Churah hu 
 •on in Jmu* Cliriit> 
 ur predecesacn when 
 iwalt to jrour yi^j. 
 It lovt. d>mt t« bar 
 iha aiampla of your 
 BKtol bcr riglita when 
 
 il/ writa hia tUla of 
 [^huroh in »ba blood of 
 Ma Mid on papar On 
 If inioripiion around 
 VIII.. King of Bng. 
 'ranoa, and 8upraina 
 
 of Chriif'C) Ua 
 md at tba co otn«Dc«' 
 B, uf wbkb only ibe 
 
 Ut <i* rtgno ramw 
 t H $ot im mimdo.{t) 
 I aMiatad at Maaa, at 
 ould only pray in a 
 lich tha hand of an 
 (ba ipiritual titlaa of 
 !(('') aiui tbc prtuat 
 pit waa compallad to 
 
 oara and protaetion 
 ' tha Cburoh. Soiaa 
 an, andaarourad to 
 lie aacerdotal daacant 
 
 ia tha buiiy, tba aub* 
 lb* kingia thabaadt 
 a body and thamam- 
 ^riti what rand jrov 
 ng: obtditf «»*.•(') 
 ' Calvin waa deaply 
 of tbeaa aarvila titka 
 ry, rid ba curaad, aa 
 old lualota for tha 
 
 Woe to SampaoQ 
 
 royal »upranHK)y at 
 
 . Eoclaa. (IM.) 
 
 par AfWMid d« 
 
 iiicttt 
 
 aniBM wcorpoia 
 
 %'^ 
 
 rm of (niddi 
 authority. 
 
 lia r«fU aaoalll d«oant 
 ktur, aduMiuat 
 < dignilati ut oh 
 
 1.11 
 
 III. 
 
 CHAPTER XXX. 
 
 KORR AT THB TOWBR.-l&Sft. 
 
 Mort't Bnt thuiighti on •ntaring the Towtr.— HI* Oommtniary on ih« PMlmi. IfHfwal par* 
 
 mluail to Ma h«r fiihar — AmTwhjr P— flha •luUavoiin ut xlminUtor th* Uath of auprainaef !• 
 Iha prlaonar -ttlriiHKl* batwaao tha tUuffkUr aod Iha fatbtr. —Triumph of iha Ohrlatlan.— Atiaa 
 
 Inaa W laa bar Imobaod.— A fTaah aUruKila — KInRsuni.— Orumwall andaaToura to Ofanomv 
 lora, and falla.— Mlition ol Klcb, Iha Bollollor Uanarai. 
 
 Sin Thiiinaa Mora did not only Iota bia 
 Ufa in rafuaing tha Oath of Supramacy, but 
 all that could make lifa dear. Never did 
 thara eiiat a more united family t a wife* 
 who overcame every obataole on account of 
 her davotioB to her huaband { three dau^hr 
 Ura who adored bim, and whoae minda and 
 hearte ha had himielf formed— three modela 
 of learning and k'M* eapaoialiy tha eldeat, 
 whom Eriiamua rcKardad af a treaaure of 
 virtue and lai>min«(( aona-in-la*. who 
 ■indied to nMka their wivaa hafipyi a 
 library filled with rare hooka, whwh ba had 
 coUectad on tha continent ( autograph Ut- 
 tara from tha olereraet man of tha day{ 
 pioturaa from tha pencil of Han« H«U>ain( 
 • cottage built after hia own daaigiii a 
 cbapal, of which he bad baeu the aavhitaot 
 and decorator— « retired aanotuary, where 
 he waa wout to pray every morning ( a gar» 
 dan, which be had planted with hia own 
 hand ; a green award, wharf in auannar ha 
 entertained hia fhanda, ntuoerona ■xni'Baint 
 uicea, and a yet larger numbw <il poor 
 i.tpendanu. All thia Mora gave up when 
 ha followed Kingaton to the Tower of 
 London.(*) On entering hia ftitare i^iart- 
 
 (*) It ia praenmed that tha Tower of Loa* 
 don waa built by WiUlam the Conuieror in 
 1078. HU anccoMore, WUIiam UuAia ao4 
 Henry I. enlarnd il conaiderably. and the 
 former aarronaMd the Tower with a thick 
 wall in 1(187. In the rei|a of Richard I., 
 (1190,) IjOAfcfaampa, Biahop of . Sly, who waa 
 then governor of iha Tower, incr aaed the fur- 
 tiftcatkmt, and aurroonded it '« ith an outer 
 ditch. Henry III. (in 1240) idded a stone 
 pMe to the oM at the entnttse^ i nd & nunpart i 
 
 T-*-^ 
 
 ment, he caat hia eyea on a amall wooden 
 table aiMl arailed, naif thanking Heav<>n for 
 thia uneipectad fortune, tor on thia table 
 
 and uthar buiIduMfa towarda iha ««•(. Kdward 
 I., and aavaral <>( hi* auocaamira. anlargtd and 
 forliAad it. Thia fortraaa ii aituabMS on Iha 
 northern bank of tht Thamea, at tba ntraailt/ 
 of the eily, and oooupiaa fwvWe acrea ot 
 ground i the f<xi«rtor anoloaura w3l&(ira«t hi 
 oirctUBfarauca. it laaurrouitdam with a ditch, 
 fud with water by the Thaamna. There are 
 four aniriaa ; the principal m an tha H W. of 
 the building ; it 1» larRe ftnougft for a carriafa 
 lo paaa through. Ha built a doubto galie over 
 ihia dit' h, with a amall atone bridge, and a 
 third beyond it. Tha Towrr la aifparated Aroai 
 the Thamea by a platform «nd a ponion of the 
 ditch; at the two exiremiiiM of tfa« |)U«fnam 
 were paaaagv* loading to luwar hill. Br«Wee 
 the two drawbridgKa on tha aoutb, wMok 
 aaparata the fortraaa hvm ihe terrace. Ihviw ia 
 a priToto entry, oaU«d tiie Traitor'a Uata, 
 becauae atala priaeiiera ware brouKbt ihat way. 
 The royal apaHmenle (r.r the lower waa l«r a 
 lengthy lime need ae a royal raaidanoe) ware in 
 the principal turret, encircled by a atone wall 
 twelve Cmi thick and forty faet tugh amy hitd 
 battiemenia, and w««v iurtiaud bv lainetn 
 turreta, the OMUorily of which atiil dkiat. The 
 Wbiti« I'ower ia the tai^aat and miial aneient 
 pan of thia forireaa ; U ia not, however, IIIm muet 
 Later«4ting. it ia a ouuaiva edif.re, of a qnad* 
 ranguUr form, lie feat hi leriStll, by 6 faet 
 bnwd, and 93 faet high. It haa batUement% 
 with a turret at each angle; the walla are IS 
 feet thick; the atepe twine round, wad Ihe 
 whole buildtug ia eumpa«ed uf three &o»fa> 
 In the eecond floor ia an apartment railed 
 OaMar'e Chapel, which may be rafaidad aa one 
 oi Ihe moat perfect modela (we hava) of Ner- 
 maa architecture When the kmfti of Btm- 
 hmd bald their courta iu the Tower. UiU^AftMl 
 waa deetined for thjir devotional and thoee of ihe 
 member* of Ihe royal family. It waadedickiad 
 to St. John Ihe Bvaageiiat. Tba prinoifat ball 
 
 >Ji 
 
•10 
 
 i.iri nr ■■niit viit. 
 
 • writliiR (tMk anil p«iit. but ih« 
 fkifUr MOO (l«pnT«<) htm of them. Happily 
 tli«r« wia ill ih« f rftU a liitla oharcoai, 
 which ha aharpanad on tha wall and uaad 
 
 r 
 
 Bl the 
 
 waa uaad •< 
 
 BaaiilM CieMr'a Chapnl thera waa anullitar in 
 ths fsrt;s33 buiSt in ths r.-^.«a „i ^.Um J 1., mad 
 eonaaoraUKi to 8l. I'atur a4 »wt«uUi. |( ja « 
 very amall buUding, and ia in(«ra*tia|, maa- 
 muoh aa ii waa lb« bunal plat-a uf mtnjr of 
 lianry Vlll.'a principal Ticiima. Hararapoaa 
 tha ramaliM of Anns UutafB, aa ««ll aa 
 bar brulnar, (i*orir« Hulejrii i John Piahar, 
 Bialtop uf uiocbaatcri Ibomaa Cromwell, wbu 
 wti for euina lima the tyrani'a favouufK | tha 
 Lord Ohancallor, Thumu More i the >')unt«wa 
 •f Haliabary. tha Uat of «ha HlaiiiAianata : 
 Bdward Saymour, Duha of ttomnr > t « lecutad 
 In 1 553 ; and tha two Tictlnu ut iiiabalb'a 
 JfHilouay, Thomaa How i|, Duke ut Norfolk, 
 and (ha unfortunata Marr, Quaen of Mcolland. 
 1'ba laMotia Karl of Baaai, ona of Quaan 
 Etiaabath'a faruuriiea, ia alao Intarrod hara. 
 Tha belfry la of a circular form, anU tlii ranltad 
 roof la eiceadinnly curioiiaj it ia iiid that 
 Eliiabolh waa cuniinad here ; the room belonga 
 to the governor. Near the Uelfry Towar ia 
 Beaiichump or Cobbam Towar, which baa 
 alwayi been uaed aa tha atala priaon. It ron. 
 aiaia of two atorlea, and iha «aila of tha a|iurt- 
 meuia bear aTidanca uf iba aulferiaga andurad 
 b> thoaa who waic impriaoaad thera. Amonf 
 tha calahrated peracna inoarcatatad in thia 
 towar, ware Au:ia Bolayn and Lady Jana 
 Gray, Charlea Bailly, John Dudley, Karl of 
 Warwick, and Philip, Karl u. Aniudal, aon of 
 tka Dukr of Norfolk. The Pearl Tower, 
 known alao by tha nama of tha Maniiu Towar, 
 Aontaina tha crown Jawaia. Tha viUna of tha 
 OTowojaweU ia eatimalad at about £3,000,000. 
 Ilara ara kapt the gold orb which thw aoraraign 
 fcolda in hia hand at tha tima of hit corona- 
 tion I the aworda of Jtiatioa and naroy : tha 
 Urga gold aali-cailari tha aUfar biqitlRiial 
 ibnta, which ara only uaad for royal ohriatan- 
 inga I thi vaaaela uaad for tha coronation ^ tha 
 |old a mp m lla tot Iha aacrad oU, and othar 
 artiolaa of value. Tha following oarta of tha 
 building ara ramarkabla .—1 ha Broad-arrow 
 Towar, Duilt on d'manaiona aomewbai amaller 
 than thoaa of Baauchamp Towar i (ha 8a!t 
 Town, calabrated for an inacripfion writtan by 
 U hotal kaapar, who waa oonflned (hi-re fur 
 ■oroary, in 1560 ; tha Lantam Tower, which 
 ia vary anoiant: it contained formerly the 
 king'a bad ohambar, ar communicated with 
 tha baD<|natting hall i tb«> Bloody Tower, where 
 it ia annpoaod uat Bdward V. and hia brother 
 Biohard, Duka of York, ware iuiroca(ed, by 
 •rdar of their uncle. Richard ill. There la a 
 in* oetacoaal hall in the Wakefield Tower, 
 dependant on the Reeorda olHee, were it b aaid 
 that Henry VL waa aaaaaainalad. Thda towar 
 ia called wakafleld Tower in coneequenoe of 
 the priaonera taken at the Battle of Wakefli-ld 
 h*«inf bean there bouOued.— Latte'a Guide (o 
 LmidnNi. 
 
 aa a p«ii.(*) Henry bad mot tc ught 
 of thia device, or ha would haiva t^eo 
 ao .n«an aa to daiiriva hioa of tbli 
 aolatlun. Mure waa aoon at hia daak ml 
 wn)t« a fbw pMaagaa of tha l>aatma un a 
 aolled akaet of paper i " I have alepl 
 and I have awwha, bacauaa tha Lurd kept 
 ma under hia CMra." " IMy (iod I Thou 
 haat armed me with n ahle : of itrangth." 
 "H<Ni how aweet tha Lortl ul" " And I 
 aaiii who will fivt me wings lika « duvt 
 that I might fly towarda thaa, O Lord (" 
 And other taita from tha royal Paalulat 
 appropHatad to ona In auSering, on which 
 ha oomraanted, and collaelad under the 
 title of " i>rayera inhaD fh>m tha Paal.ua of 
 David "(^ W« doubt not that our Adr 
 raadara hava long wondered at what Mar* 
 garat waa doing. Meg had been for n 
 whole month imploring the Lord Chan< 
 etllor (Audlay) and others of the Privy 
 Council with whom aha uras aequkintad, to 
 grtnt her parmiaainn to have an intarviaw 
 with her father. Margaret, after much 
 ddibaration on the part of thoaa in autho* 
 rlty, obtained ths naoesMry authority to 
 ass har father and write to him, provided bar 
 letters were flnt read by the king, and ah* 
 could only oonvsraa with Sir Thomas in 
 ths preaence of ona of tha guarda.(*) How 
 many prayers of thaiikagiving, and witli 
 what trus sinosrity. wsra oifbrsd up thnt 
 svsning by Mora's family to Almighty Qod I 
 Henry sottd fmrn crafky motivss for whioh 
 they did not give him credit at OhaJasa. 
 Un hoped that Mag would b« able to in* 
 flttsncs bar fiithsr, and what n victory for 
 
 (•) All ths wUls Sir Thomaa waa in ths 
 Tower he waa not idle, but bustsd himasif in 
 writing, with aooal.apiritual treatiaaa.— More. 
 
 (b) Devout Frayera, eoileoied out of Iks 
 Paalma uf David. Nora alao wrote while ia aan> 
 flnemeni : A Goodly MediuUoa, writlan in 
 the Tower Iftai. A Devoule i*r*yer, made by 
 Sir Thomaa More after he waa condemned to 
 4te Thuraday. (he ftrat day of July, l&tft A 
 Dialogue of comfort agalnat the Iribulaciou 
 made by aa Hungarian in Latin, and (ranalated 
 out of Latin into French, and out ci French 
 into Bngiiaha. by Sir Thomaa Mors, Knt., 
 I5S4, while ha waa a priaoner ia ths Towsr of 
 London, in S books. I'hsss variutu pamphlsts 
 ara in " The works of Sit Thomaa Mora, aoms* 
 tyms Lord OhsaoaUor. London, at tha oosls 
 and charna of John Oawood, John Valay, sad 
 Hii'hard Totteii, Ift57, ia IbUo," 
 
 («) Morc.~Campb«U. ^ 
 
Is* would h«vt Ihmb 
 in him of ibia 
 •oon at hU dack. «<. 1 
 « of tha PMtma un a 
 par I "I htva alapl 
 acauM iha bird kapt 
 • "My (;.)dl Thou 
 ft thW of itranRth." 
 
 LoTxi ul" " And I 
 DM wiofa lika « duv« 
 rtrda that. O Lord I" 
 m tha ro7»l Paalmlat 
 In auflarinii, on whieh 
 
 collaelad undar tha 
 ID Aval tha Paal.ua of 
 ht not that our (Ur 
 indartd at what Mar* 
 leg had baan for • 
 ing tha Lord Chaa- 
 othara of tha Priry 
 ha WM tequfeintad, to 
 to har« an intarriaw 
 •r((ar«t, after much 
 rt of thoao in autho« 
 loaaaary authority to 
 I to him, proridad h«r 
 by tha kiog, and ah* 
 with Sir liomM In 
 tha Ruarda.(*) How 
 iikaKiring, and witk 
 rara olftrad up that 
 ily to Almighty Qod I 
 ty motivM for whloh 
 n eiodit at GhalaM. 
 ould b« abla to In* 
 d what a victory for 
 
 tr Thomaa waa in tha 
 but buatad hlmaair in 
 itual traatiaaa.— Mora. 
 
 eollaoiad out of ika 
 klao wrota whUa in oon* 
 iadiutlon, wrltUB in 
 nmta Prayar, mada by 
 ha waa ooadvmned to 
 lavof July, l&i» A 
 lauMt tha Iribulaciou 
 I L»iJn. and Iranalated 
 h, and out c/ Pnmoh 
 Thomaa Mora, KM., 
 aonar in tha Towar of 
 kaao Taiiuna pamphlati 
 r Thomaa Mora, aoma> 
 
 London, at tha ooali 
 rood, John Valay, «4 
 itoUo." ; 
 
 — ^ 
 
 Liri or NRMRT Til'. 
 
 Q8I 
 
 him ortttld ha h»»a proolalm that M-.ra had 
 lakan tha oath I With what pioua art did 
 Marifarat array bar argumanta to triumph 
 Ov«r htr fWthar i rhaturioal argumanta which 
 aha, poor eraatura, thought imaittlbta i tha 
 alUaca of tha pao^ta, tha ■lanipla of tha 
 hlahopa.ihabahaTiourofihae>«tgy,tU»l«h 
 of tha princa, tha ttaiuta of Parltamant, tha 
 o« n of tha nation.(») 8ha thought not of 
 I, Althing that waa yat mora powarful — 
 har taara and bar ktaaaa. Had Mora bran 
 aotuatad by Kta faalinga aa a fathar, ha 
 would hara yi»lda<i.but ha waa a Chrlatian, 
 an< tharaftora ha r.*)iia.l. Tha Cbriatian 
 had hia arguinfnU alao. Chrlat, th* 
 Apoatlaa, tha Palhara of tUn Chnroh. tha 
 •".oct-ira of canon law, tha VW-at of Jwua 
 GMniaT on aanh, tha choir of angala, 
 tha aaraphlma and tha blaaaad apiriU. tha 
 CathoUea who had dapartad Uom thia lifa 
 and thoaa who wara j*% living, all oriad 
 out to him I " Taka not tha oath." " But 
 fathar." aald Margarat, " paopla hara balow 
 do not alwaya act aa tliay inUndad j you 
 may ehanga your oplnloni and Haavan 
 grant that It may nut ba too lata." " Ood 
 ftirbldl" raplUd tha priaonar, "tha mora 
 aeuta my aufhringa. tha quicker ahall 
 I bf dalivarad. I placa all my hopa 
 la Jaaua Chrial, ha will nut allow ma to 
 yiald I and ahould I yiald ao far an t«i taka 
 tha oath. Ha will glanca with an aya of maroy 
 at ma in my fall, and pannit me to riaa aa ha 
 did St. Patar. But tiod will not daaert 
 ma. Oouraga.Mag.anddonotbaannoyad 
 at an) thing that nay happan In thia world i 
 tha will of Ood alona ba dona."(^) 
 
 Margani rMumad in great aorrow to 
 Ohalaan. She waa una day mat hy Audley. 
 who thua addraaaad her: "Your fWther ia 
 daeidadly wrong. Fiaher waa aimUarly 
 Ktuatad I but ha baa repented and taken 
 the onth." " Are yoti eure of It, my lord t" 
 "Sura ofltl I know li Fleher ia now 
 with tha king." On eaterbg her fathir'e 
 eall, Margant enlnlmad In a triumphant 
 manaar, " My lord of Roobcetar haa taken 
 tha oath." "Bilanoa, ohlld," aald More. 
 In n to«a of aurpriea, "it ia utterly impoa- 
 •Ibla." **Tha Lord Ohaneallor baa Juat told 
 OMeo.^ "Ck>«way.''eriad Mora, indignandy, 
 
 n 
 
 Budhart. 
 Mttdhaii. 
 
 go away, you are ma.l,"(») Margaral 
 waa not diacour«gad. It waa aha, aa 
 doubtlaaa the raadar raooliarta. who wrota 
 thoaa beautiful lettere that Kraamua abowad 
 HudiBui. tha pure i.atinlty oi whirh oom- 
 plataly aatonithad tha iaeii<i« of the day. 
 Wa ha*« not a*en the leU-f wH>ch •ha 
 addraanail to her father after har lre< 
 (Ulure I but It muit have been aiceedlngly 
 aiftetionate aad al'xjuanti Wa have the 
 priao'iar'a rrply i " Know then, my child," 
 anya thia noble aoldiar of Chriat, " that of 
 all that may hapjien t«» me, nothing will 
 give roe greater pain than eeeing my well- 
 belovad daughter, of whoae Judgmant I 
 hav« »o htgli an opinion, making a eacond 
 attempt to Induoe ma to belia my con* 
 acieoce" Thia letter waa wrtttan whh a 
 piece »t charcoal. Margaret now dnad up 
 her taare. Hhe would no« ba overcome in 
 thia oonUat between Allal love and duty. 
 •• Yea, father," wr.»t« ibe. " I ahail wiUingly 
 ohay tha wiah aipreaeed in your aaintly 
 latMr, a faithful inlerpraUr of your hearn 
 and 1 rejoice in your victory." But afur 
 thia aublime eft.rt. her twu^a again fl.iwad, 
 and aha thua ftniahed her letter i "Your 
 vary aflectionale and very obedient daugh- 
 ter. Margaret Roper, who will not oraae to 
 pray for you. and who deairea alj<»va all 
 roeaaura to ba in John Wood'e place." 
 Thia John Wood waa tha poor boy who 
 ewapt the priaonor'a cell and mada hla 
 bad. Margaret wroU another letter on 
 the following day. More again had 
 recoorae to hia charcoal, and iraoad a few 
 mora Unaa to hia beloved daoghtar. " If 
 In writing to yon," aald ha. " I could poa* 
 aibly deecribe the Joy I feel in reading 
 your lettere, a buahel of charcoal would nol 
 aufflce the place of a pen-'H'') 
 
 After Margaret eame Lady Mora, wli» 
 waa alio permitted to viait the priaonar i 
 an ordinary peraun, who epoka only in 
 provnrba, an admirer of every thing that 
 attracted notice, but endued, navarthelcaa, 
 with an eicellent heart. "What are yon 
 doing hare i" waa her flrat aalutation to her 
 huabnnd on entering hia call, " a man lika 
 
 (a) Away, away, out CmI. —Bailey 'a Lili 
 aad Death uf Sir Thomaa Mora. 
 (<) Mora.— Budhait— CamphelL 
 
 1 
 
 *<i 
 
«« 
 
 til 
 
 jpou. fo« w* • Am)1 I tHopniiat m • iniMt«bt« 
 nil, • mraiMntiMi of nU m4 miem, wMn 
 jvm nifhi be •! oourl, if yo<4 would omij 
 Mtew lh« Manpto of tU IIm bUibo|M, oi 
 All lh« iMrntd nMn la th* kiiindua. Ai 
 Cb«l«««, yuu had ■ aiirff httU wittsfl*, • 
 Uknrf, • RilUry, • fruit aad low«r Rwrtlsn, 
 Md ail that cuuld maka Uh euinfortabla 
 U«w (an jrou. la Ood'a naata, rtadn haft »" 
 M<4r« •llowa'1 b«r to go on. and whtn ali« 
 had HnltlKitl. laUl, " M/ daar wth, I wiab 
 to aak jruu una <{UMU<>n. 'tall ma, i« nwt 
 thia a«U aa naar htavan aa our liuuaa at 
 QMlaaaf" " Thara you ara aMain with yuur 
 ■onaanta." mj-Mnad Alk* (*) " No, ii<i 
 ■oMaaM," addad Mora, " raply to my i|uaa- 
 Km." *' Uh, my Uo<i, aa if tbii wara a Uma 
 t*. Mt ao citildiihly," aaid Alica. •' Fard..a 
 wm," r^inad tha priaunar. " If my houaa 
 •I Chaiaaa ia not naarar baavan thun tlia 
 Towar, why ahould I ckaii|f« my abodaf 
 Again, una mora quaatioo. How lauoh 
 looitat do you ihiak t may ii va." •• Twanty 
 jraaia at laaat." " ladaad I Aad ahould 
 you hava laid a hundrad, I could not riak 
 an auriiity for (ha Ufa of a cantury." 
 
 Wa muat, bowavar, do Juatica to Lady 
 Mora. Mora than onoa did aha go to (ha 
 Towar to aceld bar huaband, but navar 
 arlthout avinclag auch attantloa aa would 
 taad to aUaviala hla aufbringa.(k) A faw 
 MMtlha aflar hia eanAnanani, iba commia* 
 aioaan aalaad all hla proporty at Chai- 
 aaa. 8ha than waa aaan to aall bar 
 garmaata in onlar to auppljr Mora'a 
 waatt^*) and aran to implora Cromwall 
 to ahow aooM matey to tha priaonar.(d} 
 Kiar ton* Uautanant of tha Towar, waa 
 ono ol thoaa good aoula who navar forgat 
 Jdudnaaaaa whioh thay hava oooa racaivcd. 
 Whan Mora waa in oiBca KinHatun had 
 ■atar btM rapulaad by the Lord High Chan- 
 oallor, but had obtainad from him all that 
 ha aakad. Now that ha waa in advaraiiy, 
 Klagatoa andaavourad, aa far aa lajr in hia 
 
 ffi 
 
 (*) RndhaH. 
 ^) Oampball. 
 
 (•) 1 hava baan oompallyd of Teray aaeaa- 
 alta, to Mil part of myn H|jpareli, fur lack of 
 other Mibataiice to maku muuey of.— Howard'a 
 Cullaollun of I<atl«ri. 
 
 t*) Tha iaiiar ia addreawd : To the Right 
 Honourabla and bar aapvoyal god Maiaiar 
 Saeraiarya. 
 
 iav vtir. 
 
 |MW«r. to alla«la(a hla •ullWinga. CMWa, 
 wtihoul haing pareaivvd. ha would briag 
 tha prtauiiar aoma d«UeaU vianda, at (ha 
 aama lima complatnlng that ha niuld not 
 aupi>ly him with liatt-r fara. II. kn«w, 
 ha taid, that ha waa aua|iaot«d, and cuaaa- 
 qutntly undar a aaattauaj nyjimgy, %a4 
 that walla hatj both ty— and «ara. "Thank 
 you, my good Kiiigtioo." rapliad Iha prt- 
 •onar. " 1 know that yuu lova ma. and I 
 thank you vary lincaraly for your kiudnaaa. 
 I aaaura you that I hava no cauaa for ooh< 
 plaint I and whan I do r<>in|il<in. turn «ua 
 out "{*) Tha royal comonaatonara irav^raad 
 Kngland during Mora'a ooiillnamant to 
 racaiva Iha Oath of Huecaaaion from tha 
 olargy, nobility, marchanta, and avary grada 
 of aooialy 
 
 On tha Srd Novamhar. IA34. Parllamant 
 decraad that tha apiritual aupraroaoy of tha 
 aovaraign waa an aUribuu inbaraat to 
 royalty. Within a thart period, aa wa hava 
 •aan. avary ona In England waa callad on to 
 awvar faaity to tha Hupraota ilaa<i of tha 
 Churah paraoniflad in Hanry VUI. Mor«, 
 who languiahad in priaon, ouuld not avada 
 a law aanotionad by I'arllamant. Henry 
 « aa orual anough to in<)uira into tha opiaioa 
 
 (•) SUDlalon.— llora.--Rudhart. 
 
 It having b«an ra<:«n(ly aiatad hy 
 
 that Hir Tliomaa Mora waa a lay ptraciiar, (ha 
 tranalator of ■' L'lliatuira da Haait VUI.," la 
 ordtr to d^tsroaa ibia gralmUoui aaaartioa, 
 founded on (he fact of hla rommanlary ui "Da 
 Cirlltita L>«)i" of Hi. Auguatuia, iMtita tu eail 
 tha raadar'a aliantiun to iha folluwiog paaaaga 
 from 8(apl«lou'a Lifa of tha MarivraU Chun- 
 ottllor of Kiiflaiid, by which it will b« laaa 
 that Bir T. Mora ritihcr aiaroiaad a prtrtlaga, 
 aeeording to tha lutrmti, than uiurpad um 
 pulpit jf U>a i'hvai lor " ajouinaat a ujj« a«<ra 
 aiHqiia I (bat of Itia urdinaliuii} rvsamao da 
 I'cBuvra lainla aoua l« point <ia vua th4olugii)iM, 
 la jauiia profaaaeur aa boma ( an axpoaar taa 
 prinvipalaa partiaa auua la rajiport hiaioriqua 
 at philoaophtqaa." — Krvnoh traualatiou uf 6ta- 
 plat.111, fJiiad by M. Audia. Libri ( UiH. 
 Jii $umitt liMkimativ*;) nnd faraetaai 
 ( faaU fpmmmtii dtu»vtij both ackauwlaoga 
 (hat (iiw naihod ul' laciuriug adoptad bv 
 Mi'ra waa "ona of tha axtnordluary privf. 
 lagaa graniad by tha litarati of tha day } aad 
 aauthar writer (H»p«r) aUda ttiai Uum "ocm- 
 mania aeulttiiivnl auua la douUe ptiuit da vua 
 blaturiqua and philoaophiqua la I" liyre ' IH 
 Vniimu Dti,' " da bt. Auguatin car Ua (liaa- 
 loriana auraient vu da mauvaia oil, m ■xim 
 
 2ua!qua raiaou un Janna homma lai'a da la 
 ognaiiqua «a ohalra."— Atfdiida Uta|il«t4W. 
 
-i 
 
 hU •uflWtnf*. CMWa, 
 livvd, h« wouiti Mag 
 
 lcliC*t« VMIld*. At ih* 
 iHf that h« oiiild aol 
 •It-r f«i«. II. hn«w, 
 
 ty»mni\t<ut. "Tbmik 
 laa." u|ili«d Iha |>ri- 
 tt yuu lova ma, and I 
 raly fur yuur kiudiiaaa. 
 Mr« no «•«!•• tor oow 
 do eiunpltln, turn van 
 >in)»i«aiuaar« lrav»r««d 
 ura'a ooiiflnauiant to 
 Hueeaaaioa from tb« 
 banU, and arary grada 
 
 ih«r, 1634, ParKamanl 
 (ual aupracnaof of tba 
 aUribiiU lubaraat lo 
 Mrt parlod, aa wa baft 
 Inland »»• railed on to 
 Nupraiiia liaaii of iba 
 iiHaDrjrVlU. Mot., 
 riaon, ouuld aol kvada 
 t I'arltamant. Henry 
 n<)uira into iba opiaioa 
 
 «.— Rudhart. 
 ctnily aiatad by 
 «aa a lay prtaclmr, (ha 
 »iradaH«iiik VUI.,' la 
 I grmlmUou* aa««riiua, 
 hla fommanUry in "D« 
 Au||iiatui«, baga lu eall 
 
 iba folluwiuf paa«a§a 
 of tba MarivraU Chitn- 
 which it will ba Man 
 
 )r aiaroUad a pririlaaa, 
 rmti, Iban uiurpad IM 
 
 " iguuiiuuit a uu« oitir* 
 rdintiiiuii) I'esiiaiaD da 
 point tia Tua tii4uluffi<iua, 
 
 bonia t an ax^oaar laa 
 la le ra^iport hiaiori^ua 
 rvnch trauaiatioii of (ila- 
 
 Aiidiii. Libri (Mitt. 
 i^M.i and Kactlutali 
 tmij boik ackau«la«ifa 
 
 laciuriiif adoptad 6* 
 ba axlrawdiiiaiy piivf. 
 itarati of tka days aad 
 > adda thai Moa* " aoat- 
 
 la duuUu ptiutt da «ua 
 
 Augutiiu car ka tiiaa- 
 
 1 Biauvaia <aiJ, .ii i*m 
 uia boinma Ura da la 
 '— Atfdiida Hta|il««B, 
 
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Lira ov ■■iiivT Tin. 
 
 M» 
 
 •f Us vUtte npon » bin whieh Ptrliamiit 
 Iwd MMMd to b«ft Uw. 
 
 Cromwall, on the 30th April. 1538. 
 enterad tho priionar*! cell. Mcompanied hj 
 th« Attoraoj'Owertl and two dooton of 
 OMOB Uw, M wltnMMa would be required 
 tt the trial. Cromwell thua coiunenoed > 
 " Sir Thomaa More." he e«td with an air of 
 indilbreoee. " are you awMre that Parlia* 
 meat baa aanokioned the bill whieh a«know> 
 ledffea the kiDg aa Supreme Head of the 
 ChuNh } Hie miyj**ty >■ anxioue to hear 
 yonr opinion on thia imporUnt mi." " tSy 
 lord." replied More. " I am not prepared 
 tstt audi a queetioni indeed I do not feel 
 myaeir eap^le at thie moment to dieeaaa 
 tho nepeetiTe riffhu of Ihe Pope and tha 
 UttBi aU lean aijr ia that I ami that I bava 
 been, and tbat I alwaya aball be the lliitbfal 
 anideet of hU nu^cetyi that I daUy ptay* 
 for my king, bia family, bit oonnelllora. and 
 tho atate; beMeve meand let «■ not argtio." 
 <• But," npUed the nentary. " hie flu^My 
 wiU not be aatiefled with each a reply < ha 
 leqairea a moie axplidt anawsrt axphfai 
 yew view* then openly. Yon know that tho 
 kind ia a mild and otament prinne, wh^ 
 tbo^ be be iaaoUad by a anhject, ie nady 
 topaidonhlmontbeaHRhteetaignofiepe^t* 
 ante. He k ready. I aaaure yon, to grant 
 every feroar, and to parodt yon to rei^nter 
 the world of whieh yon were an ornament." 
 "Tba world." laid Mora I «* I think no more 
 of lt| yoaaaa," pointinR to hie work. "I 
 have wder my eyae tba ntMais$ of 4eeiui 
 Chiiet. iay paMemaad my medali laaa 
 preparinif for death, that It ny taadinn 
 idea." '^ Bo on yow guard, for thia k but 
 obelfaiiey I in priaon ovtn yon ara a nAdaat 
 of tWUnff, and tba prineo luw • right to 
 raqnii* tnm yonobadkiMO to hk ardara 
 aawdlaatotlioao of hkPudknMMt. Ha 
 ean paideb your obattaMf *!ritb all the 
 ligeor of Aal«vi yowr oaiBiaflokMvdUscf 
 eneoangtaih.'r'MUoik''^) •• If to piaj far 
 thaUagb for hk fhmilj. for the akt^" i*. 
 JoiaU «l» pi^Hmor. *' to apeak arU of Bone^ 
 todoavUto awM, bat araa to wkb good 
 to every oMi caaaat proenra aa • long JiAii 
 than moat r tUnk of dybg aoam ind I aa 
 laigMd to k. Mora dian oaea in tUa 
 ToMT hKva 1 kMwinad timt I had hA oM 
 kovfteaN te ttfai that Man does aot «« aB 
 
 <•) Heper, 
 
 Papei%I..ai,4n.4». 
 
 unnerve met my poor body ie at the kiag^ 
 di8po8id."(l') It muet not be imagined 
 that Henry gave way to impatience; he 
 etrugKled obitinately with More*!! virto« 
 He tried thie gloriona confeaaor of tba 
 Faith, weakened by old age, worn out by 
 privationa and aickneaa, in a way whieb 
 would have made othere ahrink i a woman 
 would be there who would perhape bo abk 
 to overcome the old man ; the body onco 
 vanquished the eoul would yield. On tba 
 4th May, 1S35. the three Religkoe, wboeo 
 death we have above related, paared. by 
 Henry'e ordere on their way to be ear«atad» 
 by More'e window. At that moment It i»aa 
 ao arranged that Margaret ahould be with 
 her father. On hearing the tramp of tho 
 goarda, the elaabing of tho arae. tbn trotting 
 of tho horaee. Thomaa Mora ireeo. west to 
 the window, and peroeivedtbroogh the fami 
 bare of bia odl tba three victioaa on thatr 
 wny to tba eeaflokl. "Doyoaobeervak'*ba 
 eaoiaimod. eeiaing hk dapfhtar by tho aiWt 
 *4bow tba oonntenanea of thoaa Fathira k 
 radiant with Joy i one would ny they war* 
 going to a wedding I tiod porpoaea to reward 
 tbek livae of devotion, and tikrefera they 
 are not permitted to remain longer inlhk 
 vaUey of teaia, and Ha ealla thea to Hln»> 
 aelf to gfara them the crown of eternity. 
 How happy are they! Bnt your poot 
 kihor k not worthy of oogveat a bap 
 piaaaei ha it eoadomned, on aooouat of 
 hk aina, to remain yet loager iht^thk 
 world » piey to adeecy iand aaflbrlag.^) ^ 
 Scaroaly had the tbrea Migiadi 
 bean axricutad befoaa OtaaiMI ontaralf 
 MoN>aoaiM«y Haoaiaatoaootrbataftat 
 tiiaChrthaakaa had producad oaUkprk 
 Moarr ha waaqaitejayfid. HwaaMbtiHy 
 aadaafooad to anttac^fortba hw roaa»i 
 atraacaa hi tba naaw af hk eoearaign. for 
 ha no laager Mt eaflokht courage toaaka 
 aaolthnata. Marealw^wappoHadtbhU 
 oooaeknee^ wfaidt qa baKaa poakr oadl 
 vaoqoiriit th* iatervk* braaoiriy fbrafov 
 aiaatea.; Searoeiy bad Qoaarall leA^ aia 
 tha ehaaoalkr.^ kabnad aa k waiai aith 
 eeleetial light, totk vp a piece of ebareoal. 
 
 (k)Endhaito ■■•■>■• -^>«--. 
 
 (•) rarO«<,o«aiWailiiglki4>Tag iiiaii 
 
 n/m^ 10 fllMt"MM MM IfflSTOW MMMfli^ 
 
 aotaaftrthaakagartareiaaia&thk^ 
 
 ':'/ 
 ',\\ ' t^^ 
 
 aUBery.^"More. 
 («) Hftt. 
 
 Ok^vakof 
 
 ^;'l 
 
 i|ft»S»fiy(»W«Wii*#»*^^ 
 
 J4i' 
 
m^ 
 
 uwm or ■BRIT Tin. 
 
 •ad wieto la tiM iKOgaaR* ot URelt : — 
 ** AvMiat tonptar I with thy 8«unic imiU 
 ■ad thy dMeirinf word* tho« ha^t luat thy 
 tiin«i ray hop* U in Ood. Sail, O my 
 bark, aail to«rardi the celeatial haven I It 
 ia tha only harbour wbara thou wilt find 
 shelter against tha terop«atuoMs •tonn."(*) 
 Hia trial* were not yet at au end. The 
 Aiehbishop of Canterbury, the Lord Chen* 
 •ellor, the Duke of Norfolk, and the Earl 
 «f Wiltshire oame to beaiage him in hia 
 •troag oaatlei but God watehed over hia 
 eerraat. Cromtrell ever played the part of 
 the tempter. " Hie majeety," said he to 
 the prisoner, " ia aot at all pleased with you, 
 Mri More, and he ia perhctly right t foe 
 yon do him great wrong. You havs 
 aa inexplicable antipathy againat your 
 iOTereign. Bemomber your duty aa a sub- 
 ject, and reply to the lords who are now 
 liatening to ne. We ask you» in the king'e 
 same, if you mean to . Mcognisa him aa 
 Supreme Head of the Chmroh, or if you 
 still malidouaiy peieist ia refusing bfan 
 that title." (k) "M^ieiautlf r repUed 
 Sir Thomast with a amila. "Oh, no. I 
 beat no maUea in my head. I persist in 
 nakiiif the saow reply aa I hare already 
 gives jo% aqr lord. My only grief ie in 
 fading that Me nu^esqrt aa well aa yon, my 
 lovdk hai ao bad an npinioit of met bat the 
 dbqr iHU oome» and thia hope encouiagec 
 me muoh, when my iaaoeeaea will be made 
 maailMt beCoia Ood and hie eaints. like 
 Lord bearaoH^aBdii* kMMrs» that altboagh 
 111* Ung^miy wMak Mi vaageaao* oa my 
 l»ad,aliUIwiahhi»MttviL leaulo** 
 ni]rlifr,aBdf*t»*lafai i^f boBoar. Lbatt 
 aohalradiaaifbeaittodiaUag. Invwa 
 tlM Mag mm* thaa aay oaa alaek afte* 
 God." " But the kiag can oonpel yoa to 
 •ay w!M*har yoa aeaepi or n^eiit theae 
 ftatntosb" reaMrited soaw of the eonndUotb 
 ^1 do not diepota hia m^iwty'a p<»w«r, oqr 
 iorde. I have naA expnaaad mj opiaioa 
 •ntha atamiaai Iharo oB.thateat|f(BatBo 
 ■newer for yoai oaly I etdeatnly dedare 
 tfttk I eaaaot nproaeli nyaelf widi having 
 
 (e) As soon aa Mr. Secretary was aone, to 
 •iprsss lAat ooaifoit he reoeivsdoC Us worda 
 lis wtole with: a aeel eeMaia esesttsBt witty 
 !■■•% wUeh are priaiad ui his book. 
 V-(>) -■■ i h a t t.r-Mew.f- g i ap letBai, 
 
 acted or spiiksn against either of thai* 
 BtatuUs." " riere ia a formula of the outh 
 to which, doubtless, you will subeerlbe," 
 said Cromwell t " swear that in all that 
 regarde the king's person you will act as a 
 true and loyal subject." "I shall not 
 swear i because I have rowed never again 
 to uke an oath." " What obstinacy I But 
 every one at the Star Chamber Laa takep 
 thia oath." " I understand you, and I 
 know what uae you would make of it i it i* 
 a doublo'edged aword. I aball not awear.'* 
 ** Will you ^en ref^iee to tell ue whether you 
 have read the atatute of supremacy I" "I 
 know it" " Doee the statute amm to yoa 
 tobelegaU" " I shaU not anawer." On 
 letirifig. Sir William Kingaton waa atriotly 
 ordered by them to keep a etriot waldr 
 over his prisoner. The lieutenant mnr 
 perceived that then waa no hope for tha 
 •■•chanoellor'e lifb. 
 
 Shortly after this interview, the Solicitor- 
 Qeneral, Riolv accompanied by Richard 
 Southwell and Mr. Palmer, deprived More 
 of all the hooka and papera in which b* had 
 tin thim found such d^ht. Mora wat 
 amployed in hi* favourite worit, hi* Com- 
 mentaiy on the Paaaion, which h* deebed 
 to.bequeath to hie children, and had arrived 
 at th« worda, " And they laid their hand* 
 on Jeeus," when the piece of charcoal 'was 
 taken out of hie hand. While SoathwaQ' 
 and Palmer wei» packing ap hi* book* and 
 M88.. Riteb took him by the hand, and ImI> 
 him gently towarde the window of tha eel^ 
 at the itame ttm* makiag a aignal to hi** 
 tompaaiooa t« li*t*n to their dieoooraei. 
 bol th*y were to«,d**pty affactad to do *0k' 
 Aftar a few indUbrmrt *ab)cet* had Uaa. 
 introdaoad. Baoh eaiiied on Ut aohamff 
 vwtiaik and after a <kmg eileaeo tmit 
 addreeeed Umi "BwOly, Mr. Mon^ I. 
 know thai yoa ar* pe* e as eed of 
 wisdom a* *ds«c* . Yoo are a 
 tewyer, dee|dy wread in 
 may I veatur* toaakyoatoeoIveaqwMtkw 
 for me} If Parliament enacted a kw^ 
 oempeUing the kingdom to aeknowlad* me 
 M king, would you do ao} " *• Certaiidy,'* 
 laplied Mma. "Vary woU." coMiaued 
 Bleb,) with tha aaoM apparaat eaadear. 
 " If Pferliaraent eaaetrd a kw, oonBp*BiBg 
 tha p*i^ to achaoadadfa 
 
 
[«init tithmt of th«4« 
 I a formula of tha outh 
 , you will lubaeriba," 
 wear that in all that 
 »raon you will aot aa a 
 ijflot." "I ihall not 
 ive rowed never again 
 What obitinaoy I But 
 ir Cbambei kaa taker 
 ideratand you, and I 
 i70uld make of it i it ia 
 d. I aball not awoar.** 
 • to tell ua whether yon 
 of aupremacy }" "I 
 Iw atatuta aaom to yoa 
 hall not anawar." On 
 
 Kingaton waa atriotlf 
 » keep a atiict waldk 
 
 Tha lieutenant raw 
 I waa no hope for thai 
 
 interHew, the SoUeittnr- 
 lompanied by Mehard 
 Palmer, deprived Mora 
 papara in which ha had 
 h ddight. Mora fMa 
 'ourite worii, hia Conw 
 laion, which ha deabad 
 lildran, and had arrived 
 I tiiey laid their banda 
 ) piece of chareod'waa 
 nd. While SoathwaU 
 sking dp Ua booka and 
 im by tha hand, and lad 
 tha window •( tha aal^ 
 lakinf a aignal to bte> 
 m to their diaoooraai. 
 mplj aftctad to do ao>> 
 ant a«b)ceta had baaib 
 vikd on Ut mkauff 
 
 » kng ailaaee wit 
 B«Jly. Mr. Mon^ I 
 peaaMaedof 
 
 Yoa wa • 
 airaad in aanoa bnr,< 
 t /on to aolva a quaaliav 
 ianent enacted a law« 
 ;dom to aeknowlade ma 
 idoaor* ••CertaiBly,'* 
 ITery waU," cwtjnuad 
 ua appaaaat oaadaw. 
 «trd a bw, oonptHiag 
 aoadadfai 
 
 tirx or niKRY vitt. 
 
 flSt 
 
 would yon do aof " "That ie another 
 point. In the firat c«m. Parliament haa the 
 IvKialatire power for regulating the temporal 
 condition of the luhjeot. Before replying 
 to the eecond queation, I thould. In my 
 turn, aak yoa if Parliament enacted a law 
 compelling the people to ewear that Ood 
 waa not Ood, would yon do ao r " " No, 
 
 I 
 
 •Ir," repliad Rloh paaalonataly i "noPw- 
 liament could enact eueh a law." " Nei- 
 ther can tlia Parliament—" replied Morai 
 suddenly etopping on the brink of the abyea. 
 Rich made a sign to hie cumpaniona, and 
 all the three took their departure.(*) 
 
 (•) More.— Rudhaiti 
 
 CHAPTER XXXI. 
 
 EXECUTION OF MORE— 1585. 
 
 Mere araeere btftWe hit Judgwi.— The iadietmrat rted to hlm.->Ria deAnee.— Dapedtiott A 
 Ri(^!--Mai«'e reply.— The Terdlet.— Obeemttlona of the eondenned.— SenlMMe praaoanaeA 
 by the OhMUMUor.— More tUin b«cb to priton.— Mergwe* Uk>e leaw of hfrs^ther.— More • 
 huarlohUehUdnn.— Pope bUe hie old fiiend wUeu.— More'e eaeouOoo.— The legtnd.— Hla 
 ebanwier. 
 
 On tha lat of June, 1635, Mora xaa 
 taken firon tha Tower to Weetminat^r Hall, 
 whaia hia Jndgaa had aaaamblad. Ha waa 
 led on foot lika a highwayman, with hia 
 ■k^uldara eorarad with an old cloak. Hia 
 back bant doable, hia amaciatad appearance, 
 tha alaff on which ha waa eompallad to lean, 
 ■howad tha aoAiinga ha had anduiad 
 durinK hia long cnptiyity i but hia ooanta- 
 naaea avinaad aaithar fimr mr any othar 
 •motion, and a apact ate r mighl hava ima» 
 ginad that tha ehaaodlor waa on hia «^ 
 from ChdNt to tha aoart to adainiatar 
 Jaetka.(») Hia jodgea took tiiaii plaoM 
 on vohat ohalra oraamaatad with ffiagaa. 
 Th^ wwra Sir Tboaaaa AwUaf. Urd High 
 ChMMdhv. ThooMa. Dnks af Noifolk, Sir 
 Joh&Kto Jamaa. Load ChiaC Jaatioa. Sir 
 John Bahhria. Sir BiehMd Ldeaatar. Sir 
 John PMt. Sir John Spakaiiv Sir Walter 
 Loeka aad Sir AathtNif Fito Harinvt 
 NeidliraillMd had tha hoaosr of baing. m 
 Andlqr, tha priaoaai^a gnaat% aad aoma o( 
 them w«t« hia iatiaMtofHnvia. Onthahft 
 of tha OMO^ Md iMMr tha jary, w«a aaatad 
 Richard IM^ a «taatare of Craatw^'a, aad 
 SoUdtotwOaaoaL Tha dark raad alood 
 tha iadictneat. ItwMdmwaiq^vithipMt 
 vt. ia Which tiw a cwi i t i B aawara vMiad ia 
 
 (•> 'Mora.->^Rnikart 
 
 auch a mnltiplicity of phraaea and worda, 
 that it would have baea utterly impoaaibk 
 for the moat letaatira memory to hava 
 reeollectad tha principal ohargea. Two of 
 tha principal aeenaationa againet SirThomaa 
 wnra hia rafnaal to taka tha oath reqnirad 
 hy Pkriiavant, askaowladging tha apMtnal 
 •npremacjr af tha hing, and hia obatiaato 
 diaobadieaca to tha aoraraign. All thi* 
 eoold poaaibly ba hrcoght to prova 
 thato ohargta waa addoead againet Motai 
 hia Uttera to Fidiar» writtm ia priaoa, hn 
 hUuaion totha oath, which ha oaomand to 
 a donMa-adgad aword, ca lc a la t a j tft Utt 
 thaaoolMwaUaatha body, aad hfoctni* 
 varaatioB wUh Rid^ whidt had baa» hand 
 byPklnMraadSontiiwaiL Mofa«M«Qi> 
 ■aqaaad^aooaaadof hightraaM>a.(^ » 
 Aflar tha raadiag of tha iadictaani, d|a 
 Lord GhaaoailAr thna'addiaaaad /dm p^ 
 aoaan '*Toa hava juat haard *M ladUtl' 
 nank Yoa pamair* that tha ohai|r^ 
 hrooghtagaiaat joaara rv.f Mriooa, hfl 
 aodi la tha goodaaM of dio king that M 
 wilLpardoa yogi» at laar/n aoeh ia oar hiM, 
 year oapardoaabla c'oatinaay^ if yor^ wiB 
 
 (b) Statataa of tha taatan.— Bovar.— M|< 
 piMaa.— Hoddardoa.r~Horie.— Uati.'-^Hit—. 
 --ColUer — State TiiaU.— Kog. EHt— BfidM 
 Phitur«h.-Lit«. Cc^reoatleMiMalib Mo. in 
 Jan., iea«. ' ' f) 
 
 ii . 
 1^ 1 
 
 mmm«iimmmwmmmimissmfaamimmaBsm 
 
 mmmssmmsmsis^- 
 
 
UWm Ot UWMKW Till. 
 
 «p. 
 
 iMMlag on kit itaff. thu* nplkd i " NohU 
 Inrit, I thaak yon iMvUjr for Um intoraal 
 whioli foa profaM to take in ma i bat I 
 pN^ Hod to iprant m* th« gnca to p«r> 
 Mvtra iiatil ilMUk In tb« rttolutiont I have 
 tnk*n." Stopping for an in*tant, ai if to 
 oollflct hla i(i«aa, h« thus nouminenoMl i — 
 " Tha indictment tiiat 1 hava Juat board 
 ia ao difbao, tha ckargaa eo numaraua, tbat 
 I fear much that I liavo naitber aufloiant 
 atrannth nor auffioiant manory, (for n* 
 mind M well aa taj body bava aoflirad bjr 
 mj IneaNaraiion.) (o roplj tharsto witboul 
 Awgfltinff tomatbinf ." Aa bia limba bant 
 itiidar bio, tba Lord ChanctUw nrdand Iko 
 attandanta to i(iv« him a ohair. More aat 
 4of» •■d tkua eonUnuad :(■) " If i do not 
 fatfitb tka tadMtmant conlaina four prm^ 
 diMd okaifM againat mo, to wbleh Khali 
 niply In tkoordar in wbleh tbeyara laid doWtt. 
 Tha flrat ebarga Ui that of having diaap- 
 pntrid of tha kbig'a marriaga with Lady 
 Avot Be'^yn. I admit tbia ebarga : yaa, ! 
 ■poha to hla ai^)o#7 eonaeiaatiottaly, and 
 timl firaadom 70a kafo mMulketurad into a 
 ckaiga af t waaok. Hanrjr eommandad ma, 
 by my oalk of aUagiaaeak to nfm him my 
 anndM opinion on tha miMar. I did M t 
 toapadk aiaooraly waa ■ dntf, to dlaalm»> 
 1M» would bava btoa • aia. Did I 
 lay aovMalgB by apaaUng to bim In 
 •f Wlg h toaaa of my kaarir If ao, I 
 tadatd aKphtad toy fkidi by tko km of my 
 pnpmf, my poaltfoa, aad flftaan amitka 
 *«# MTCN and doaa aoaliiaaaaat. Tha 
 ■to oi d ekama biw^ht ngainat mn latkto 
 'rtorlok miiltakNd]^ Mid MMlMewty nflmad 
 Ik jglto toltwar to Iha Mvt OBUMQlitoe 4b 
 «ba ^MMioBt It ^ ktoit tfH lapimw 
 «aBd of tha Chank te Bi«iud, «r Aot r 
 mml I ramamb* ori tMi InM to «a 
 fkHMMi I npUad tkaftttdld IkM balMfa 
 tot M a Iqrmaa. to taaidk aa ^jualto»«r 
 ii^nrtiM of tkakwetalkniBf tktMik «kat 
 Ikad aa«trgif«a nttanuMt toaaythtogtoM^ 
 ■ambk oa tba anl^ePk of At atatotoa I tbat 
 I%Mdattomlaadtoamptoy all my Mtora 
 momoata on tba madltation of Chriat aad 
 propanttoa finr daatbt that I waa goiltlaw 
 Jljirqr oriaN of tnaaoBi fiat than waa 
 
 l«'' 
 
 ^) Lii«ud. 
 
 ao law to incritniaata or punlah aQoaM|(k| 
 aad tbat Qod nlon* waa tba Judga of Uia 
 aaoreta of tha heart." 
 
 Ilalaa (tha Att«irnay-''enrral) auddanly 
 intarropted him s " Altliougli we bava no 
 wiah to impute to yon any oulpebia action, 
 •tiU wa bava tha right to tDcHminata your 
 allanca. an evident eign of a bad will 1 for 
 no faithful aubjaot would refute to anawcr 
 when interrogated in tha name of the law." 
 
 "My alienee," replied More, "could not 
 proeeod flrom an evil will, for the kiog wu 
 wall aeqr.Min(«d .7iih all that 1 have done 1 
 nor ft^om contempt for your law, for it ie an 
 axiom in eivU aa well aa canon law tbat 
 qti HuH 9Mmmtil. Yoa aay that a faitbAil 
 aabjeot would not raftaaa to anaweri but ia 
 it not the duty of a loyal aal^ieet to obey 
 Uod in prefefaaoo to mani to prefer bli 
 own eternal aalvatkm to the bapp to am of 
 tbia world } eapeehdly When hla eonadenca 
 can oecaaion no trouble to tha 8tata,no 
 nvolt againat tba prinea ; and mine, my 
 lorda, ia vaiy tranquil. I aaaun yoo, ia 
 the iwma of Heaven, tbat I bava aavet 
 revealed to a aingle liviag tool my latmior 
 thongbta." 
 
 «* We BOW arrive at tke tkh^ ekargeb I 
 am aeonaod of having aetad aedithraaly 
 agsinat the aot of Ptrtiament, beia a e» 
 while at the Tower, I wroto aevtoal lattma 
 to tke Webop of EMheNter, argiag bim 
 both to viohto the law aad alao 10 oppoee 
 the eommaada of the king 1 theaa ItWn 
 akonld be prtdoead and read. Aw wf 
 of my eoBvietioB de|wndi o« 
 Bnt I aa told, the biahop kM 
 karat tkem. Well, then. I wiU taU ymt 
 thefr eontonto. SMae of tkem were fteto 
 pereaaa whoiWM old and tatkUato flMdi 
 In one, «Blakg«tk«toi I npHed tok qae^ 
 ttoa tat|flethsff taf eaatolneHoa aa die 
 Oatk of tke S iiyr etoaey. My tperda^aai. 
 •tkat I bad my opiaiMi aa w«U« Itohil 
 kia.' Tbia ia 117 npif > nd lanFtkl to 
 Him who ia the leader «f all oat hmelt. 
 I BOW eome to the laet ekai|ei I aald, ia 
 apaikiwg of the atatala, ^ihat lt#H a 
 d«aU»«dff«d ewmrd.' Pbhar need tke 
 
 ■. -1 
 
 , ex 
 
 thabiakap 
 
 •■— rtgi. „: 
 
U 0r pnniah •Q«aM|(k| 
 wu th« Judflt of til* 
 
 M 
 
 Although wa bmr* no 
 >a any oiilpabla Mtiun, 
 ;ht to incHiaiaata jqut 
 ■ign of « bad will i for 
 rould rafuM to Miwer 
 1 tb« nama of the law." 
 pliad More, " could not 
 I will, for the kirn wu 
 1 all that I hava dona i 
 for your law, for it ia an 
 vail ■• canon law that 
 Yoa aaj that a faithAil 
 •ftaaatoanaweri batia 
 I lojral aal^ieet to obay 
 to man I to prafar bi« 
 la to tha hap i p i naaa of 
 Dy Whan hia eoBadenea 
 roubla to tha atata,BO 
 prinat ; and mtoc, mj 
 lolL I aaauri jroo, ia 
 an, that I hava utmt 
 I liviif aool my latafior 
 
 at tha third dMrR* I 
 kvlair a«t«d aadMonaly 
 ' PMUoMot^ baaaaaak 
 I wroM aaf«Ml|aft«a 
 Raahwilar, arRtafl hiai 
 htwaadatoo to ofipoaa 
 tha hlnf t thaa* tottira 
 •d and rtad, fte ay 
 WBviotioB da|Mndi «9 
 I told, tha biahop' hM 
 I, than. I iHU tall yoit 
 Maa of than war* Awh 
 M and iatiaiata ftMdi 
 ■ii IiapHad t^hipia^ 
 roiMttaattoa m dii 
 itaoy. My wwdaitaiai. 
 
 eadar afail oat 
 laat ehai| 
 iMfUtt, ^thal k-i^'a 
 Md.' PhMr wad tha 
 tbaMfara wa aaraamoaa 
 nr MtaphiithaMahap 
 
 .ItadMit ., 
 
 Lini Of BBinn vtii. 
 
 I I aald, is 
 
 baa aaid. Oar altuatlon balag atmllar, wa 
 may hara baan inapirad by tha aana idaaa. 
 All that I know ia, thai I can navar be 
 aoeaaad of haring uttered ona ilnKla word 
 ain>inat the atatuta t for 1 aarar apoba oa 
 tha act to a living oreatura." Ttta Attorney- 
 General waa unable to utter a word) but 
 tha term "traaeon" waa aa tha lipa of all 
 tha Jttdgee,(*) and thorefore ii waa raquiaita 
 that tbaj'.:ry ahould be oonvlaoed of Mora'a 
 KuUt. Rich waa called on to f^n hit 
 evidaaca. 
 
 Rioh aroea aooordinf ly from hIa aaal oa 
 the Judge'a bench, appeared at the bar aa a 
 witncaa, and declared on oath, that More had 
 in tha Towar, in tha pnaeare of witaeaeea, 
 tiaarud that tha act of Parliamaat oa 
 the aplritoal anpmnacy of tha kiog, waa 
 illegal. " My lorda." ezckimad Sir Thomaa 
 Mora, with hia aya ataadily fltad oa Eich, 
 " were I oaaeapabla of laogbing at aa oath, 
 ! ihoold not thia day ba ae«uaid of high 
 IrtaaoB. If, Mr. Rich, you have aaid that 
 which ia tma, may I aavar 9— tha flMa 
 of God I Ah I Mr. Rich. I an fHghtaaad 
 not almy owa dangar, but at your penury t 
 you moat ba awara that ae oaa haa arar 
 truatad yoa. I hava kaowa yoa for a long 
 tima^ avar abea yuar childhood t wo waia la 
 the aama pariah, and yoa had thara a vary bad 
 teputatioot you wan ganafaUy loohad oa 
 thaia aa wail aa at tha Taai|ile^ aa a maa of 
 no charaotor. On yoor k>rdahipa thaa for 
 a mooMBt thiak that I ahould hava mada 
 t cooildaat of Mr. RMi. hnint Moh a* 
 opinion of hia hoaoor aad vavaa t ty^ 
 WhatI ahooTd I hava told Mr. Rich, thai 
 which I had c o a c a a l a d lima Ma 
 ud tha PMvy OaoadBorai I a 
 krdahipa, la aaah p iMng frobaMa> Aad 
 though «ha oaaviaaBlloa «d tokaplaea aa 
 relaledby M^. BidwiitMiaacNlkaadAora- 
 foN na* labaUiawt «(h«i« (ban ia DO avU ia> 
 taatina^tlwwyiiwwiw^ Onamirf frataad, 
 mf laa#k 1 •umI tUok thai ao inoaf 
 virtuooa Mahopi^ and m WKSf apMai 
 VcnoMk M «NRI WaiBfi fiian, who Bfraed 
 te aaaet Hiia law \m l^tla— rt> wnaM ^ia> 
 to pnitiah wltfi dtaih, ooa wh» ociad «Mb. 
 out malioa. if thKt tana tafAiftoa lahaWoa. 
 If. by ti» twa oMliaa, yaw maaa 9a^ «f 
 Ihoaa ttlhW aela m aoaamn to hoaaaa 
 
 (a) Badhart. 
 
 aalara. who aaa my that ha la lawaaolf 
 Thia wovd aaa ooiy maan aa iaaartad la tha 
 aet, a deliberate inlantiQa i ahall I agaia 
 tall you, my lord*, that hia m^aaty'a hiad^ 
 aeee to me ahould lead you to believe that 
 I araguiltleaaof theoliargaof hightreaaoaC 
 The culprit waa bow bo loager More, but 
 Rich, who kept hia head huag down daring 
 the defeaee. In order to Juatlfjr hiawaUL 
 ha begged the bench to aall oa Palmar aad 
 Southwall for tbair evidaaca aa path. 
 Pahnav depoaed that, beiag angagad ia 
 paokiog up More'e booka aad M89>i ha 
 had not heard ttia oonvarMitioo of tha 
 priaoaar with Riah. 8«ithwaU'a avUaaea 
 
 The trial waa at aa aad, Tha Lord 
 Chief Jaetica thna aummed up fov tha jBry. 
 " la Sir Thomaa Mora goiUy of high traaaoa 
 towarda our lord tha kiag, hi rafMag 
 maliciooaly. obatlaalaly. aad labaiUoualj. 
 tha Oath of 8u|»aaaey f U Sir Thomaa 
 Mora guilty of diaobadiaaca to tha aet of 
 Parliameat whieh haa eaafinad thai digoitf 
 on oar lord aad raaater Haary P' Tha jarf 
 who were Sir Thomaa Pafaaar. Koifhlt Sir 
 lliomae Pafa^ Kaigbti Gaofga Uwall* 
 Baq. I Thomaa Burbaga. Eaq. i OaaAiy 
 Ohambar.OeBt.) Edward 8toaknMva.0«at. 
 Jaapar Laak^ Gaat.{ Thomaa 9iUii«toa' 
 Gaat. t William Browaa, Gaot,! fok* Ptaw' 
 aal, Gent, i Richavd Ballamak Oent. t aad 
 Oaofga Stoakea i vtAnd o aa o e o H oa their 
 verdiet.(^) After tha lapaa of ohovl a 
 qoaiter of aa hour, the Ju«y ratomad ta 
 th« oourt and took their plaeaa. Th» Lard 
 Chaoaaller, toraiag toinida tha ftaraawa* 
 ■aid. « b tha prtooaar guilty or ool goiky r" 
 "Qoiurr," MpUad tha furwaaa. layiag Ma 
 haod oa hia heart. Aodlay aiaaa to pro- 
 oooaaa tha aaotoaca, whaa Mora^ hilai^ 
 faptiat Um. add. •' % krd. ^lAm I 
 oeeoplad ygna aeai, I waa voot to aah lh« 
 eoovial If ha had aoy raaaaa to allaga whf 
 tha aaaaeaea of tha lam ahould ool ha 
 eaniad into foaoan*) *>Wha* hivt yoa 
 to aayK* aahad tha ehanoailaa^ |i m iwH| 
 eonftiaed. "My torde," commeaoed Sb 
 ThaaaoH Uam, «*tha aal«f FwVaMeatby 
 viriua of vrhiA I hora haaa ooavietad to 
 
 CPQtiavy to tha law of God. add hia haMr 
 Ohweh. Ilia Ghwiah haa oavar w c y t pm 
 
 8 
 
 Bndhart 
 Yoaa. 
 
 i^i&mmKiitmmmm&ii^-u.- ' Ui%m- 
 
 .^i^ 
 
)M 
 
 Lira Of BHNav nil. 
 
 M HMiw My taMponl »Hawi th* «»ly 
 iwognkM M kw HMd «b* BovOTaiga w<m 
 Ntfca At RmM, Md IowImiw Ch»lM !»»•- 
 arittwt hki Mthority. »■ »•»• 9"*^ •* **" 
 Pm« Md lb* ■ uM B M i nw of tb* ApoatlM. 
 I add, that th« PuUMarat, whkk I* but ft 
 vny MPiOl portioii of Chriatondoa, bw ao 
 rig bl lo MMt a latr vioUtinff tho ooiMtlto- 
 Ikm of tho Cbonh Catholko i that London. 
 wUoh la bol a city of thia king don. baa 
 •o ligM to f«ta a ataluto In oppoaUion 
 10 aa aet of ParUaooat fbr tbo pwpoM of 
 Mndlnii dowa tko nation. Your law to aa 
 attack OB tha Ubarttoa and siatutaa of tbo 
 Uitgdoai OB JCvna Chmtm itaalf, wbaroin 
 m wUl flad tko following words. 'Tka 
 OkoNk of Bagland to fNo. ska kaa bar 
 owv ligkta, kar own Ukorty. wktok wa 
 dadaca to ba laTiolala.'(*) Tka statute. 
 tkitrfiiri. to la oppoaMon to tka oatk wkiab 
 hto la^laitj aad kto pndaeaaaora took on 
 ^ daj of tkair oonaMoatioa, aad Baglaad, 
 ia laftulag to okty tka Holy Saa, to aa guUty 
 •atho oUld tkat nftaaaa w oboybto pafaiii.(^ 
 roraa8l.PMlaaldiotkaCorUithlaaai 'I 
 karo baROtlaa youagaia In Ckrtoti' so (^ 
 Iko Popa 81 Gragory tka Qraat could 
 «j ofyoataacaaton. ' yoo aro asy okildm, 
 fcr 1 ka«« ^vm you atarnal llfa^ aad tkat 
 h«lti^p to te profarakto to tkat i/kkk 
 a fttksr glvaa kto ekildraa acoofdiag to Iko 
 isak.'" « But." aald tka Lord CkaacaUor, 
 iatanoptlag tko prtooaar. " aU tka uaivai^ 
 •Mao. aB ftaktokopob aU tka toaraad aaa 
 <ttkokto<|daafcaTO takaa tka oatk aeeor- 
 «iw laJka aat of ParitomaBt, and I an 
 «am8d at yoor paratotiiHt ut^a-kaadad in 
 '«a«r vtowa." « Aad tkongk tka aandiar 
 of tkoao QalmBittoa.tkoaa btokopa^ tkoao 
 tauMd am war* y«t graat*."* rr^tod 
 Mm*. "Ido BOlaaaaay raaaoa flw aot 
 MMmriag fai mj o^aton. I do not 
 Iwaltata. my toada^ to asi tla g tkat tkato 
 im in tkto Uafdam amy 
 giaot OMb wko MIy agiao i 
 
 ■Mvk kiw b ^ ■"■■^ <^ ■'^ *^^ 
 l^toikma do«ta% Mniaa gtoal Htala wko 
 
 bffrinto 
 
 jDaoatMo, 
 
 Vbaitatoa aaaa iUaaaa. at,Hi »ola»* * -* 
 
 —•tataMwof tks Raatok 
 (k) KudlMit. 
 
 Sii 
 
 ara raigatog la kaavan. aad yst wko randw 
 tba sama taatinoey as njsalfi why ih«a 
 akottld I aot, ny lords, prafar th« voic* of 
 tba (£«!unaoi«al Council of Christsndon i« 
 that of your national council I" Hm Lord 
 ChancaUor. unabto to itply. tumad towards 
 tba Chief Jastlea for his o^nion i " By 8t 
 OiUlan." Molainsd Plts-Janaa, " if tka act 
 of Parlianant ba Ugal, tha iadiotnaat is 
 aot ia ny eonscianca insuffletoafi*) " You 
 baar kin t you kara nndaiatood wkat my 
 Lord Ckiaf Juattoa basjuat aaid > fMadkit* 
 dtMtrwtm UtHmo»immr mu ft •or- 
 H»."{'^) Audky eopiad Caiphaai and, in 
 a oonfldant tona. tba Lord Chaaeallor 
 pioaonnaad tba fbUowing aantaneai "Sir 
 Thonaa Mora skaU ba takaa fh>n Wast- 
 ninatar Hall to tha Towar by WUIton 
 Kingston, Sharif i and tbanoa ka akall ba 
 draggad on a kurdle Ikrougk tka city to 
 Tyburn, wkan ka akall bo banged, and 
 whan half dead, ba out down to bo diaam- 
 bowalladi kto antn^ akall ba eaat into 
 tka ira.kto body out into four ptoeaa. which 
 ahall ka plaead on tha four principal gatas 
 of tha oily, and hia haad akaU ba azpoaml 
 oa Londoa Brldgo."(*) 
 
 Mora did not okango ia tba aligbtaat 
 dafpM during tba raading of tba aeatanos. 
 Ho aailad aUgktly at tko tost words, aad 
 widi kto aya lit up witk Joy. axckinad, 
 " Vaay good," aad tkaa lifUagap kto kaad. 
 ka aaid, '^ N ow I aaa apaak, I an fkaa. and 
 I boldly avow wkal knnaa aatura kas 
 kUkattonadoBMOoaeaali totonyparfael 
 coBfiolkNi tkal tko Act of SapfHaaay to 
 iUsiaL*^ "Yon iMaa thai yon aia taora 
 touMdtkaa tkabtokopabtiw aoUUtj.tha 
 dMologtoaa. aad tko paMda," mU tka Lard 
 Ckaacaikf . ** My Lacd Cka n a ^ ,* aaid 
 Mora, *H»tort OM btokep ti^l yoa caa 
 Ikataa tk a w M n i l to mj hmkn 
 
 thM^ffZi Mt?PnUaMa«ka ait 
 ia aqr 
 
 a inrdto ^1^^ ^_jf^^,}f^SSiJl 
 Tfbnm I tkmtoW kMMBd Wl ka bo Aa|f d»M 
 
 a2. hto boaato ksa^ aadltoftwiWlS 
 St% « fcor gaMo of tka «Uy. oaA flnMl 
 npoaXeadan Aidga^—Mank 
 
 1 
 
ra, uJI fat who rtmlw 
 M myMlfi whjr ib«a 
 rda, prabr tlia voioa of 
 incU of ChristandooB to 
 leouBcUr 11m Lord 
 
 reply, tumad toward* 
 rhia opinion! "By 8t 
 nta-Jaiaaa, <• if Iha art 
 !(al, tha iadiotmaHl b 
 linauffleknfW "You 
 
 1 ondaiatood what my 
 iaaJaataaid:f«MaA«« 
 niumf Mui Ml awr- 
 piad Caiphaai and, in 
 
 tha Lord Chaiieallor 
 lowtoff aantaneai "Sir 
 Iha takaafrooi Waat- 
 M Towar by WUIian 
 tad thanoa ha ahall ba 
 lla thiouf h Iha ei^ to 
 ahaO b« hto«rd, and 
 out down to ba diaam- 
 «Ua ahall ba eaat into 
 I into four piaeaa, which 
 ha four principal gataa 
 haad ahall ba azpoaid 
 
 hanga la tha alif btaat 
 aadinf of tha aantanoa. 
 ■t tha hMt worda, aad 
 p with Joy. axekinad, 
 ihaaliftiiiRaphiahaad, 
 a apaak, I am firaa, and 
 ■ft honMB oatara hai 
 oaeaali U ia ny parfaet 
 I A«l at SapiaaRa^ ia 
 
 It I 
 iVaaaatba aat 
 
 iijMl, ia »y 
 
 dbabnaiftthaaktallM 
 by tha haip ar WflUaa 
 laAtmithaaoaifairiiw 
 tha alMr or LaadM If 
 
 hMiBd«lhab«ter<tf«^ 
 >«aMM^hiaba|l^i||rS 
 
 onha«t4r>wd 
 
 ).— Mai«i 
 
 iiri or aiviT Ttii. 
 
 laa thai yon an oMwa 
 ahoptbtiwMhittlJ.tha 
 I panda," miA tha Lard 
 LariCbMM^.'* miA 
 a hiahep H^i ywi .cw 
 bk mtf tmvai 
 
 agalaat aaa kiagfltiaai tha wh<da of CMa- 
 tandon for a^aa." " Yoa hava all along 
 tvinaad tha aama apirit af hattad and 
 maliea," ranarkaJ tha Duka of Norfolk. 
 "No." r^inod Morai "I fcol no hatrad 
 or malica ; my conaeianca eorapala ma to 
 proiaai againat your aanunea i I appaal lo 
 Ood." "Hwra yon anything moaa lo add V 
 damaadad ona of tha Judgaa. "Noi" 
 rapUad Mora, in a tona whioh it would 
 ba impooaibia for oa to daaeriba. " Yaa, 
 anothar word t St. Paul, aa yon know, my 
 kmia, waa among thoaa who conaantad io 
 iha martyrdom of St. Staphaa.and yai both 
 an now ra)oieittg in «tami'<y in tha aighl of 
 Ood I ao I inat, and indeed it in my aaraaat 
 prayar, that your lordahipa, my Jadgaa, 
 may ha anUad with ma in haavan. May 
 Ood ba arith yoo, and my lord and maatir 
 iha Uag, aad may Ha vouehaaHi him 
 ftilhftal aotiaeiHora."(*) Tha asaeutionar 
 lifkad ap hia axa, Iha adga of wlueh ha 
 tumad towarda tha condamnad, who bid 
 hia Jadgaa adioo, aad ratoiiMd to tha 
 Towar.(k) 
 
 On kiaviag tha Hall, ha mat hia bob 
 John, who haatUy aakad hia banadietioa 
 on hia knaaa. Oa approaehhig tha Old 
 Swan. Kiogaton. hia ayaa flllad with taai% 
 laft tha prtMmar. Mora took him by tha 
 hand, aaying. " Waap not, ay good Ariand, 
 I ihaQ pny for yoa and La4y Kingaton in 
 haaTan."(*) Margaral^ who waa waiting 
 for tha p wc aa ai oB naar tha Towar Qaigrt 
 OMda bar way throi^ tha atowd and 
 oOaatab aad throwing hanalf at bar iitbar'a 
 faat. doqg to thao^ asdainiag, •' Ihthar. 
 titharl" Tlw pwPurfoB haltad. apd Mot» 
 with Ml two han4a aitand«i onr har 
 balovad haad. kokad op «a haovaa withoat 
 bahw abia to apa^u "lly ahUd, ay 
 bakwad ahOd,** nHmnniHl tha priaanar in 
 hmtt b fi>M m paa>t» "IMaaa yoaki I aaa 
 itBoeani.aadjall«Bagf^|lodla. Itia 
 
 (•) Hadhait 
 
 , (}) BoAaft.— Baparhaaglvan tha trial at 
 l«B|«, hafiig el*ifiad tha dataiia ftoai S^ 
 AmW Lafw. Biahaid Haywood, and loha 
 wabba, who wan aja Tllaaiaaa 
 
 {•) Man.— Hlitatlaaa aaa hanaoakna on 
 ttja baaaOfol (liatariptiaa of Mr William 
 Kiaiatoa'aaharaotar. Wa aaaaot aadanlMid 
 kow Bllii aaa aaU Mm "aaiMof alaniad 
 anftaUi^ 
 
 tha wUl of Godt aubmit, ay 
 child, to tha daoraao of Frovida 
 pardon thoaa who hava aondamsiad am I** 
 Tha halbardlon wan Jaaply afflaatad ai 
 thia aoana, and tha procaaa i on pvaaaadod 
 on Ita way, bat tha young wnmaa rialof 
 from bar knaaa, ran Uka ow who bad loal 
 Imt aanaaa to ambnoa har fothar onaa 
 mon. The gearda ■norad by har alalB of 
 mind, made room for Margant^ who Ml 
 aanaalaaa at har folhar'a fiat. On a algnal 
 firom tha commanding oflkar, tha proeaaaioa 
 again re-formed, and Mi re eaat a laat look, 
 and gave hia laat benediction to poor 
 Margarat, who waa anneMndad b>' John 
 and hia wifo. On nol i^ain aa'Jbg har. ha 
 wept bittarly,(') aayiag I "Thaodoorof aay 
 ehUd ia Ilka tha odour of a Said whtoh tho 
 Lord hath bleaaad."(*) Aa ha wu ( 
 tha Tower, Kingaton kiaaa4 Ma 
 alMionataly^ "Ba wmfbrtad. «ad 
 aonr^ia,'' aaid Mora^ "wo ahall aaaal 
 in haafaa." 
 
 Mon paaaod fow noaa day* h •_ 
 hot waa not allowod to aaa any ona, Om 
 tho ava of hia death, ha aakad iw aaaM ink 
 towrttaloMaigarat, batwaaraAiaad. VU 
 thooght of bin chaRoal, aad aAar a gnad 
 deal of truvblab found a piaea^ and a nig of 
 paper, on whiah ha ad dw aaa d hia la a t adl a n a 
 to hia fonily. "May God hiaaa yoo." 
 wNia ha to hia balovad danghtar, "and 
 yoor hnabaad, and yoor ahild, aad an yow% 
 and aQ By eUldraa, and aD for w^aai I 
 
 Baooniniaiid na lo my daiwhtaa CaoaMi^ 
 for whoaa I pray to God. laaadyovaf 
 hliaaliifc aad to an ojddldnat forgt^ am 
 not byoorpaajora. Mydanghtar, Da n na y» 
 haa a piatam on panhmaiAi n^iak wag 
 giran aaabyLadyOaaiaav«^MaaMBBaioMl 
 dNbnek. nnharHMtaljayjnfgaalilial*: 
 ba r al nwa d to har aa nJaal jnii>plr. Ii 
 BhaPeaoaiy Co^ agwaa<ng^r, Ifwyywi 
 tobogood«ohar.(r) I akP^dd Jih»lnJMMr 
 whalhar it ba that Doiotfqrof Hasfni. 
 
 -ilaaaaimi l^ PUL Mont., 
 tlla ii tha Tntria IImK^ - • ' 
 
 5iS2Saa!SBEr:r:.-r: 
 
un Of NRNMi nit 
 
 iMMlMalyiif MUm(. ilia 
 pMt •wtar* vkMi 1 UWvii 
 mmi larMriMai lUakktMof Um|m4 
 JabMM Akjm (•) 1 Mew r«>. «■>< »>»• 
 gim ■■ trwiW*. Margatal. It would rIv* 
 ■••fvMldMlaMif*, l/l»'iBerrowinimilnf 
 wa Ml ay ImI. To-aono« it Um viffil 
 «l Si. TiMiaM, ana tha ■!«• (oatava) of 
 H. Mari Md I kwf •• ito U» Ood «•• 
 ■ofT—i tt ««• • daf rary naal and eoa. 
 vaalial Im na. Ya« aavar mad* aaa a* 
 
 kapvy M vtM* 7°« t***** y— ' w* ^ ***" "f 
 •faaa la Iha raad. FunnnO, aay daar 
 oUld, fii^ Ibr na. aa I alull paay for y<m 
 Md Im aU owr Mandai adlaa tU va 
 
 l^lkt »h J«ly, IMI. Maaa raaalrad a 
 fMl Ihb «m of ya old iMoada. Hr 
 IkMMi Mp% who mm to aw:: Uai of 
 Iho Uh^ •«« to paayan «»r daaHi. 
 •^Itankab" Mid iha priaenar. "fcr y«w 
 gM4 MOTi I hfti« arat baaa fnutal fcr 
 tho fcfow arUeh tba kinff haa baaa plaaaad 
 ~ v.kok Ml ao mMli aa tUi d«r. liMa 
 I toOllM* Of laal how kaa anlfad 
 ) 1 sMf pNjpora tar daalk. 
 Bo la luted ooliot UaAr i* daiivartaii 
 isflUavarld.'* ««HIb 
 •"aprtiaoadPop^ "aoy.il 
 I'HoaM^ ihalyoa do iial 
 
 , tho aaaiUd."(*) 
 
 **! Ml larf ii^\tak kk mi^iaiy hM aMda 
 iMOTi to too Ma win,'* aald ibo pHoaMr. 
 •*fco I alMNdd km oddtoaaod IM poopla, 
 b«lMlki»««fto|l«« oibMO toUaaa 
 to«7«Malaik 1aMl*bafi ballwiak 
 MtoloftoM MB OM fcaov. far mklah I 
 ftan ho tonly pa toN . «hal ay dwghiir 
 
 toUil 
 
 , _ 'Oil, 
 
 ltoirAJl»to.» Mid Mtoo, "to lad thai 
 Ao Miff IM ««MhMM to thtah af laj* 
 •^'* «imi toi^toir hao AbvUmo 
 Ik* OMilaMd M^Mk '^thai to 
 
 , af IhooflooojtoihMoMdb 
 
 ha hto fOMhaaiid to ooasaate joor po- 
 ■trhmwrti 70a an to dia by tho aia." 
 riplMllloii," jpJd thi oiptW^ itoOhi* 
 
 tf^^ rnifm^. wnp^ P«f«^ 
 
 « b«i aoir 0«d ptaaatft toy ahildloo iftl 
 fHaoda frooa hia aMOaaiy*a aiaaMiMy. 
 
 Tha Manda won ateol i« mf m nm . 
 Mofa racallad Pupa, who waa waaptag 
 btMwIy, wharaon iha prUunar taklaff bia 
 hand, (aid, " No mora laara, mj daat Popa, 
 wa shall aMain laaat, and thara will Ihaa 
 b« M aapafotUm." Motm had raaolvad 10 
 waar a oamlal cloak giraa bin by Booviaiaa, 
 hut KlngatoB oppaaad 11^ ao tha pUa thai H 
 would ha a pMy thai io haanHAd a aloak 
 ahould fcU lota Iha haoda of • dafiadad 
 " Dagradad waaottoMal Mr. 
 MataloMd Mefo, "• OMi who 
 hi abool m raodar om tha u ri o Hi l airvlca 
 thai I hovo avar faoahrad I OhMl I aai 
 only aorry thai It la not bordaiad with |ohk 
 fcr my pUoaon aroold haw boaa iiailar to 
 latvloff ii fcr htokC) Tho pftaoa dooia 
 lawa Ihfova opaa al otoa o^doah, aad 
 Man Jwitodiil tha atopo holdtaffMhia 
 kaada onMiii. At Iha aahnaoa a woaMO 
 gkaa of wlM to ffifo Mil 
 ha r^oalad Mb ai^lafliatha 
 Rood ironaa, "It waa vta^gar, aad aal 
 that Ohrlal diwik at Ooi|ralha.''(*) 
 to aak hha fcr aoma papan 
 wMak aho hod eoaidad to Mn whOa ha 
 ««a Load Ohoaaallor. •« Aa hoar of po. 
 Haaoab" npUad Mara. "aadthoUaf «ll 
 apata aw Iha Inahio oTlooMaf fcr Hmm Ml 
 ratandafftiiaaitoyoa.*' AthbdliddMav 
 hi taoaltim hamaaiio, tlMllw hadaalad n- 
 jMHy too raod a har. "Inaaaibaryovrcan 
 wal. aiM MoNbtad wara I aUB ChMMaBar 
 ■y daolaiaa woald bo tha aotoa.*C) A^ 
 ilvad oltkofeolof tiMaoMd. bobaaoufiM 
 OM of tkooneaHoaora to rM Mto. whBaha 
 «M aaaaadbm tiM atopi. "CHvo ma yoor 
 OBI to go opt I ahdl eeoaa dowa vary 
 «alL»<i) Ha hod paoaalBad aol to adfcam 
 iMpaepb. Hak«plhlairard.OBlyMytaf 
 to tho oanooadhiff atowd* * n«y fcr oMb 1 
 dia B kyM mil#Ml aad a good OvMhM^) 
 Ho thoa knall. aad raeHad tha IBmtn. 
 aad arabcactag tha an^olloaar to ■ 
 tM ho toliMi4«w4 hinb "iM' 
 Toa oro aboat. n^ Mad. to 
 
 •Toaa> 
 
n aImwI m MfwaM. 
 
 M, who WM vwptag 
 Im pH«uMHr UhiOH bti 
 if« tMra, Mj dMt Popt, 
 M. Md tHcra will Umb 
 Mora luwi raaolvad lo 
 ghrMi hloi bjr BoavialM. 
 
 •dll^MllMflMlkalll 
 
 It w bMnllAa • tloak 
 ■ IhmmIi of adiinMM 
 rratUd wM w H— w l Mr. 
 MdMon,''»aMMw|io 
 M tka u ri a i m Mrvtn 
 •hpodl Olmol Im 
 DOl bovaoiM Wnk |w4 
 lid hm* boM KNil* to 
 .(<) Hm frimm doot* 
 ■t ataM o^cloik, hmI 
 U otopo Mdli«hlUi 
 
 M of wlM to rIvo Mm 
 4Mtod Mb M7tai««oih« 
 wH v{a«g>r, Md Ml 
 dimk ■! 0«l||«tii«.''(<) 
 Mk ya far MOM piptn 
 ■iddl to Ma wMk ko 
 l«r. '«AalM«r«f !•• 
 an. "MdtlMkli^iril 
 • of kokiaf iMT liMM Md 
 jm." AtkMtoUbH 
 go, dMI kt kod Miod ■»• 
 
 •II 
 
 I bo «ko MM.»C) Af 
 tkoMrfMd. kokMMffU 
 toMkiii.«blloka 
 "Qbt at yoor 
 
 ■ottoodd w w 
 aplhb mri, only Myiof 
 
 MdS||00dOvtollM(k) 
 
 nd neitod tkoJfiMrtf. 
 efaif Iko oxMOltoMr to ■ 
 
 iB|i fciwd, to 
 
 tir« or aiNM vm. 
 
 OlMM. 
 
 tko fiMlM mnkt I hort ovor racaiiMd. 
 Cwtnut I I li»<r« • T«r]r tbort Mtk. nd«*< 
 foor to do yoar work •klllWljr.(*) Ho 
 plorod lh« hond oirtr hi* ijrM klaaolf. bid 
 hl« h«Bd on ik« blofk. boinf trot vary 
 ewaAtl M to tbo tmngtumuA of hU bcsid. 
 " for," Hiid iM, acaiiioK, '' ibal baa com* 
 miitod no ool of traoaon," and Iko kaod 
 Ml. Lot ua BOW Uaton to tko l«ir*iul- It 
 happonad tbot Ma(, aftar pnylng for ika 
 rtpoaa of bar fblbar'a aovl, wto looking la 
 bar apron poofcot Amt b Ibnr angoia tkot aba 
 nigkt bttf a ahrowd for bar ftokar. bat aka 
 bad no OMnajr. for aba bad gIvM nil tkul 
 •ka kod to Ika poor ibo ptaTl on o ovaalag. 
 Hbo wMt to a akop to b«f b tm 
 of llnM. Aftar baring aMdo bar 
 ebaaaab aba c oa w ianaa d ra n aaaktag 
 pookatlbrkarpoioa, tkoagk akoama at 
 that It waa aofty, to nuba ika akopkaapar 
 loM^na tkat ako bad laA bar naonay at 
 hoHM^ la ordar tbat ba arigki bo iadaaad 
 to glra bar oradM, wbon by a odraoabMa 
 IntarpoaMoa Aron God, aba feaad oaoogk 
 in k«r pana to pay tor tko akroad.(k) 
 
 Saadara kaa kaadod dowa ikia ptow 
 oarrBtioB. What doaa M aaattar to M tbal 
 Banal da eh i a M agalaat tbia nirBek I tf 
 MatobMlbatrByad. aa M waanldkokad. 
 Ua prtooa aad Ma ooaatry, la U to ka 
 baHawad ibat Ibo poopia waoM kara tafiatod 
 tbiaminalaf Aa pM^ bava Mtotyit 
 daaeaadad ae low aa to caaonha a traitor 
 to bla aonalryi tkaralbn it la of iaoiMaa 
 ntlUty to eoMalt la g Mda . Tbay on 
 popolar vardiola, coadaoiaiati aba^Tinf , or 
 annalag. and 0fm JaJglag Ikow wko ara 
 Jndgaa of tka oartb. Mora^o baad waa 
 aipoaad oa Lmuloa Arldg% aad ttMa girm 
 to Maigaralb arbo h^ il ambalnnd^ pro- 
 •arrad it at Mag « aka Uvad. aa4 wkM 
 OB tto pofaM of diadi, ardtoad tkad tkla 
 praoioaa raBa ahadd ba piioad is Imt anw 
 
 (•) ** Tka BOKt Wadaaaday ba waa bakaadad 
 k tko giaat ■qnat* bafcra tbo Towar. aad 
 mika B ibw worda bateo Ui oMeadMi, aad 
 
 fuuJly bagaad Ibo bynaadan to pn^ kt 
 promUagUMt bo wooid Mqr ftr Ibaaa. Tbtn 
 M •xbonad aad aamaaay aatraatad Ibam to 
 pray to God ftir tha Mak to |lfo Ma good 
 oouiaaal, p tc toal to f thai ko dUd a fldibAd 
 Mrraat to God aaa to iba kk^ aa a OkiialiM 
 •hottlddfc" 
 
 la bor«odla.(«) i aar nl y bad Ma riaiaiBa 
 bo«a Iniartod In tba alMpal of Hi. ISlar. ad 
 otoaWa la tba Tuwar, an timoawBll h a ato a»d 
 to annoanao to tka ftngU^b aahtwailara, 
 Um (iralh f iba tnttor wko bad aoaapirad 
 8a«T»lly •gBioaa tbo Ufa of tka kiof , tla 
 p«»c« of the MAM, Bi:d tba authofitj ef tbo 
 law«.(«) 
 
 Mora, BO wall aa Flabar. wara but pollii* 
 aal acllalora, wbo bad ooaapirod wiiL tbo 
 aaaa'aa of iboir oeaatry lo ororthrow tha 
 dynaaty of tbo Tadorai two a u to r ioM 
 oriialnal% wbo waro to bara IMIm aadar 
 tiM aword of tba law, bad ikay araa a 
 tkouaaad baadi. On baarlag of tbo laal 
 aaoBMato of tba ebaaeollor, It ia raid thai 
 HMry, osoaadlag^y frtgbia a a^ araaa froai 
 tha taMai aaotaialag to Aaaa^ " Toa ha«f 
 baM tba aaoaa of bla daalb I " tliM aatarlag 
 
 ■an a ad to laanll tbo taaaaory af tbo tow 
 nwnyra. " Tba Biakop of Eooba at a r, ** ha 
 Inforatod tbo world* **waa aa laflnoito 
 traitor )(•) and tha oi-<banaollor bad baa« 
 OMtrlatodof bigbkMaoa.'*(<) BtitBar^a 
 paid ao altoatioa to Hanry'a ovidaaMf 
 a r a ii a b a r a waa aaan^fMled fbakngi of tat* 
 digMlioa agBiaat tko aaardarar qf tbaao t«» 
 Bokb viaiinat oron ayaa wki<dt bad aorar 
 aaaa Mora, awaoi to laani(f) aad mora tbaa 
 aaa aahoiar b aea a a tbo paoagyiiat of thoN 
 Iwa aoaflMBora of Ckriat. " Nom waap at 
 Londoa, noaa writa, for ika •f* aa wall af 
 
 (•) OaaipbaU. 
 
 (•0 Iteekfaig Mr. Mart aad IhaBiriwp af 
 Baebaatar, wttb wiek olbara m Wan iiaeaail 
 
 watt wttMa tbo 
 
 aliri 
 
 mlly pr ae ll aad aa a 
 wttaoal, to BMfa aad 
 aad to aow aadliloa wHUb Ika raalaL tela 
 ibaiaby. aotaalylka d H iiaalfc i a af tba 
 bat alao Ibo wkolo aabaaniaa of Ma i 
 
 lOBia, 
 
 baiag oapiatBod aad daoterad; aad aa aaai^ 
 •wtly prtrtodMtoa ibaai, tbal thayaoaM aat 
 avoid, at daaj B.— Oraaiwara Mtar, MMl 
 Aagaat. IMb. 
 (•) Tbnt kariag aook aMBao laitoA tt BMBr 
 ' Mt tkair priaoo. and tir tha tatal 
 of tka eeaiBwn w«U af Iba raafan. 
 
 woU woHky, IT tkoy kad kad B 
 ftfo aol^Nd ton tiaMaai 
 
 « 
 
 Uraa, to karo aollnrad laa tiaMB Baton tandbla 
 daaik. 
 
 (t) TboaarllbaoPMaaf thtoaua'adaath. 
 — Bfiliak BioftBi^y. 
 
 (C) Tka twaaoaa IrMiaroaily aaaualtlad 
 aaateal aa aad oar taw% by tko httoJMabop 
 Of Boakaalar aad Sir Ummmb " ^ 
 Kla^latlar. 
 
 
uin o» mnrav mt. 
 
 mmIi itoaw rapoiwl ■ •MT|tio««."(*) 
 
 Mm* wm mm af «Im Uiotwt orMMMU 
 
 •f Utl«« I Im WM MM Ol Um im M Mlf*«« 
 
 Ib IIM MUIMMI of IbMUmIUAI MgMHM- 
 ItMk whirl) WM ibM OOMMMMiafl lO MMN 
 •iw W gfW* M lMi«M«M Ml IBlktMMdMl 
 
 Mladii lito InffMMMMu Mttn, lito piqtM^ 
 
 hMlf , •Martb«««4 MM* tkM k« VM •••r^ 
 
 M im, lolk« UtaMpk of Um MonasMM. 
 
 •M M MMI M Im pMWrfVWl tlMi lk« III 
 
 ■M, lor wiMM MMMlpalioa U 
 
 ttMrartlnn «f tk« failk.lM iMltod. •knaa' 
 MwMlMkMl 4mmi Uk. «»«■«•. wU 
 
 VUMi M dMim. «I>M IM pMMtTMl tkM 
 Im fMlMMl MUl 
 
 Mm*, ttam hk NtNMk at 
 
 , iMd p«wl^ lb* bfMrtH «* ^ 
 
 ■ktah WW sbMrt !• Ihinl mi Ikt 
 
 •i IhImmIi wiUMM of ite 
 
 mMmjm af »• MMMmbte Mill tlMMia U 
 fewMAMPato pMUiitr' HaiiM>» n < 
 UnaM IkaayilM* thai waa la b< pUaii 
 Ml Ml iMBb^) ^RMf* iM MOa «a ikM Im 
 IM M Im had Ufa4. liMMd la Ua laUglaa. 
 
 M 10 Ua akarilyi In baarta af 
 
 baM aa apyaaal af hwi H aa, 
 
 I to Iha lam ha ataa, aa4 widtab waa 
 
 aM« bf hia advanariaa aa a 
 
 ■Milfirtitl" af bii tftlMaalla 
 
 , ol whtdi ha BMda a ihow avaa 
 
 i itoaa^*) Bat Um 
 
 t k M liaod Lalla aa U U ChtiatiaB 
 
 M Mtl ^ Mm. B rifci fliafc ■. I. p. Mt. 
 ^^'> y«aaMab4d»Mi " Qa«* to af*«a||Ma 
 
 h« UM li M • J«MUlk«tton m lb* cfM of hU 
 ilauffhtM (or <H* •••'row h« mmmJ h«r, 
 BtMiaiu riwlMMly <wlU «« tb« wwld lo 
 »Umm UmI aaaa pwUliad U RaiiUa4 
 duftac Ik* lalatatry ol Str Tkaioa* Man 
 Mf »H« wuiM of hmrnrnj-K*) Me»a had 
 ■Mfe bk prolbaattia of r»iih t tboa«h k* 
 haiad Um Mrt. ba had aa bMf«d for tha 
 
 MMarlaa. Aa a Mia. ha wkhad to 
 
 MtlrpaM Mrtariaatwi bf lu raoMt ■• • 
 ChrkMaa. b« waa aaakaa for iba paHoa 
 •f Iba «klla «l baraay.C*) Wa muH ha 
 aaraM aMIa Jadfa Mara'a aavarUy lawarit 
 raUfkaa kaovalka hy tha Maaa tt ibk 
 ^f§, la Um aUlaaaUi aaalury lokoaaaa. m 
 Atf ftaa bataffiagafdad aa a Cbrk^a prta- 
 alpk. wMdd Uva bMa mated aa ealpabk 
 ladMhraaaa. Tha kw had ao oMMa p4iy k( 
 haiaay Umn Cwr aantdMi bolh wtra k Ua 
 ayaa. a arkaa wbkb bked akaa aoald 
 •spiala. IfMataaavarbadf«aQ«faat«tka 
 •haciff la lalkt capilal pa akh i a a a t araa 
 aaaaabartaala haralk, It waa by a iktiiMa 
 Moaptka UmI ha panoaUkd Am fMora 
 day wbaa ooaackaoa wp aid baaoaaa aa k> 
 tiakbk laa H aa r y^) 
 
 («) Tkk, kawarat. k a **«kB» ««* rf 
 kk maadUbk akaaaar, ikat daikfl ka 
 akaBMlknUp aa oaa atAwad aaailal paaiak. 
 Mat Ibr kanay k laglaad. wkaraai bmh 
 wan aaakibad k Fiaaaa aad Oanaaay kr 
 Ikat D4a n a -■laMO. a». fakta. 
 
 (t) Aa toaakkc kaia&Dka. 1 kata AM vka 
 ol UMba Md aM Ikatr panaaa, aad, vary 
 
 waaldHkM«kaaaawm4artwyad^aadtka 
 MkM aaivdr-ThaaMa Mara'a liiWI waida, 
 «aeladbyL«wk.-«Mlla4hail 
 ^ it\ M'Mkafd,aBdMtkawot4 M«ra.klka 
 - Dktkaaaira da la Cott*afai.tkia." kM alM^d 
 Iko akaMiaUwr ftiMi ika aaoaaaliua of ktok- 
 MMo. krooikt aaakaikki ky B""*! aad odM 
 pwty wiMaia. Xaidaa ika aMkacttka abo«o 
 na^d. wa aiay nkr oariaadan M Oa two 
 n^H •«ha'. raid, da HMiaWLYka f 
 da -naaa Man. favUk. IMtl aa* 
 aa laai. DaUa vita dl TiaMaa Maf% 
 Idti. 
 
 Oh* 
 
 i 
 
Uf« av mrwm 
 
 itoA m iIm cfw of hu 
 Mw h« m«mh1 h«r. 
 Ila on tk« world la 
 Hrt«bMi la Ka||Ua4 
 of lltr ThanMt Man 
 rmmj.i*) M«W Sai 
 •f riiih t UmhmiIi h« 
 id M katf«4 (or tha 
 IMBM. IM wkiii«4 to 
 I by lu raoMi M • 
 itoM far Ik* paHom 
 
 «r«'« Mvwtay toWMdt 
 bf tlM 14«M of lUi 
 i m»t>uj to ll — w . 10 
 d M • Cbrlalttii pHn- 
 i« ivwtod M evlpabia 
 rbMlnoaMMfitrfw 
 
 tort 
 I blood 
 IV bod 
 
 biiu 
 
 totbo 
 itol pwtob»oo« •▼•■ 
 •, It WM by B ffloviMM 
 Moatfod Omi Aitara 
 «o«ild boMMOuka* 
 
 la a aaftalaa* MMf ef 
 my, tkai d«mH| bla 
 MitMod aapitolfa ahb 
 anUiU. wkaraaa mm 
 MMO aad Oatwuiy far 
 oa. rabrt. 
 rt&flia. 1 bate Aal v}«a 
 
 raia dactowHv "^ ^ 
 Moia'o iNlWb wMda, 
 
 iMadbaii 
 
 »lba«et4M»«.l*lho 
 nvanaitiaa." baaaiaarad 
 to aaoaaalioB of iatola- 
 ktabyBaiaotaadadMr 
 a iba aalbaciliaa abo«a 
 oar laadan to iba two 
 i. da HanoML flda f 
 m, lavUla, IMti »« 
 tvUadiToaMaolto^ 
 
 OBAFTEK XXXII. 
 
 DfMOLimON or THI MOMAdTMIM.-IMI. 
 
 ohM.*. «i IM M(a<— *.*«»«••..- '• «Hto-i--M*.-" r.'^''^'?.ii''"i!!rJ^£J^SS 
 
 iBtwML M^ ••iJiiK*! -nrrt IMor««a«i ul ih« IUII«t«.i« II<hmm Mt4M W«l*w.— Taa 
 ol Iba MoaaalMtaa^— VartoM laaUaala. 
 
 ma abaraator of iba Bar^aOoa wbkb bad 
 roonaaae^ la Inland, baa baan brtoir 
 daaaribod by M. OiiUol. Tba tyraaay o# 
 Roiaa. aa baa baavaad la atUl ofton aald. 
 «M Bol Mo aanaa. " U la b«« toao." (aaya 
 If. Oaiaot,) "tltol Uto oo«H of loaM waa 
 trnmakal la Iba abtooalb eaatary i it U 
 not InM ibe» tba abiiaaa wara tboa mora 
 aaaMNiwi attar, parbapa o« tba aaalrarr, 
 ma tba aaolaalaatUal |OT«raaMai mora 
 tolaiaMri*) Ha adda. "Tba lallfftooa 
 rtrolatloii In lag^aad waa tba work of tba 
 klaff. Hm bias and tba aptaoopoMdlTtdad 
 aaM^ ttimni — oHbar In riohaa or In 
 povar.tUapoUaoflba fwramraant of tno 
 PapatyO) Tba l arat a H o na tbay aaoom- 
 pHahod wara Mfartabtod bf latioildaMon, 
 lutoiaokawl fldaobood. tkraa Inatrwaanto of 
 KoraniaCwbWi Haarynaad with nnparal. 
 laladtklU. Ha ra,«tead but » fcw toontha 
 to bara hlmalf aakaowladcad aa Bvpraaa 
 Haad of Iba Cbniah bjr Parilaaatort, by eon. 
 Toaotloa. by tba m aaaa rta ordara. by tba 
 natioa at Iwga. Tba aapraoaey uf tba 
 king baoaaM aa oraab a dofraa of Mtb aa 
 iha Baal Piaaaaaa. Haary had no nocaa- 
 tity to laad MaaMaaalU la laam hoar a 
 prlDcadwoldba&kTad. Wa hara aliaady 
 itfanad la thai oMiabar of PariUnnant, 
 wboa ha Ibtaatooad to daaapUato nnloM hia 
 bill paaaad Into law, aad on tba follovint 
 Bombm Iha aaboldiaa wara graatod. Now 
 It la nava dUkotl to lalaa nonay than to 
 taka aa onUi i iha Parltoawii* wfakb ralnc> 
 tMitty adnuMid tba pttaoa Iha aaoaldla^ 
 
 (M 
 Earoaa. 
 
 (Maol. U&ii. da U OMUiatiaa an 
 
 ■r— ^■■■■aii 
 
 would bava granM btm mora aptrltnal dif 
 nltlaa than ba ,airad i Had Iho priaaa 
 »iab«d. II would bava ooncadad to bha Iha 
 baya of Paradlaa. Allra«,a(bw 
 mora oonarlontloaa than tlidr 
 prataatad afalnal tba aupramMW, ud 
 Immadlauly put to daaUi. Tha m 
 thraatanad with tba ballar or tha bli«h. 
 wta •Ikml. and obayad wMmwI avan a 
 miirmur. Paar. tba oHIaary pmkhaMnI 
 of avary nation thai traau with daopotlMi. 
 ehalna iha arm aad tha tan|oat man. In 
 Ihia alato, caaaaa to ho tha laMfi o/Ood. 
 Cnpldlty anilaa Haalf wMh ftar to anatova 
 Iha caaaalanor. Tha elargy, who aaw tha 
 ngard whiah Oranmar had obtolnad fat 
 hIa aarrloaa, waia aanar In making idmnoaa 
 to Iha moaareh. All Iha aganto amptoyad 
 la tha malrimaaial afkU in Italy, hod boan 
 handaomaly rawwrdad with n Mobitprlo, or 
 aomathlng aqolrahwl to a dioraao. At a 
 rawaid for hit itttolaat oaadnai totha baary- 
 baadod Poatiff, Oardiaar had obtainod tba 
 •oa of Woreaalar I Laa, who waa aaltbar a 
 Calflnlat noraarhobr, ttrattod abonl ainoa 
 Iba marrlaga (whiob ba hod blamad) In 
 a baanUfel aptotopal pahMt and flaaptim 
 ■Muaad himaalf in nmntlag Iba prtateua 
 atonta wbieb adoraad tho MIra wMwhlA 
 ha had baan Nwardad by rajaHy f»r ■ fm 
 phial la fayonr of tba aap r ita g y. wrfcttn lia 
 aaehidaalioatyla. Bol wbM waa Ihia watftb 
 eomparad lo thai wUeb Ihoaa la powar 
 promiaad tbataadrta oa Iba toppaaaaioa 
 of Iha laUgiow booaaa. Ir«a gvdaoa of 
 Haaparidta, fUl of goldaa applaa, caavlad 
 by dekaa. gtatliwia. nugWtntoi. bi8bop«, 
 \i Mahmilbna oa aa^lyaiag tJto 
 
 II 
 
 : "XiiM.-.UJUSkS!&' 
 
m 
 
 III 
 
 I IrhMh contiibttUd to th^ triamph d 
 tiM BafoniMtkmin Qtrauiny, Mknowladgra 
 that tb* {wineai ivho wera th« most kctiv* 
 in dM diAuioB of th« mw gotfl ware Dot 
 Mtoatad by » «^>*h to prapaffkta ligbt, to 
 glorify tha n«w oread, to MMliont* tba 
 •tato of aociety, bot by (hat of Mlf4ntanM.(*) 
 Lutbtr tfRnna that iha fetnonatrancM, 
 {oitmueriu,) hui opamtad mora tban ona 
 conTanion.(^ FaliefaoodB wera ueed aa a 
 jvalifioatkNi for tha iciquitooa aoto of tho»4 
 hi powari avary Ufb tokaa waa that of a 
 cwu.p'uator nawofthy d pity. Mora and 
 Fiaber, on leaving ehuroh, had returned to 
 thair retreat to flniah their manifcato whiob 
 tbey had addraaaad to tha king'a enamies. 
 Tbaaaatofoll thaaa maobinationa againat 
 Bi«fauid waa at Roma or at Madrid. Thoea 
 Cartboaiana, who wera pcihapa ignorant 
 •f dw nava of tba reigning lovaraigQ of 
 Spaii^ weta in Mrreapoadeaoa with the 
 IwinhtT of Chailac V.(V 
 
 Coaaok Btrypai yoa will meet with 
 ooa Or. Wllaoii. oommlaalonad to ronea 
 dia dtiaaaa of Torkabira. LanoaatUia. and 
 other coontiaai and « thaologiaa jf 
 OzCnd. (Hubbardon.) a ikind of tntMv 
 (Mng nttan^M to graaa ianoKa agaloat 
 tha kim in ttw pulpit, ic the boll' 
 iMHa and in J«ettng.('} There ia aaotbef 
 of tha nania of Potvell, a aaeret 
 of RoAO, who incited all whoa 
 Im ael to rebaUion. There ia a ptieM 
 (Hanieon) who aaid in ^ pulpit, "HlM 
 Vim Bttllen ahoidd only oa qoaen in 
 «Sgy.(*) And fh>m thoea aaeedotaa in^ 
 mUttd if ikowni}, Henry ataied that a 
 OMHpinMj ^^ ^B fbrmad againat Ua 
 IMt «a4 |WWB| by ^ monkri a eon- 
 
 (•) tMa JMUanMrtea aiolt nr mieht noi die 
 hAi*, eaaai ihaen blaai nm die Fraiheit una 
 die fttBiadhafl an draa. 
 
 (k) V<eU 9bid nonh gnt araagaliatJi, waU 
 « M«h Katholiadu Monaianaaaa elbt.— 
 j«fa>b Van, Dia UiMekia der eofaneUen 
 Vdlbraitmg &n BeSoirmatiouv 
 
 (•) Brit. Urn Mg8. Veep., O. IT., p. MT. 
 
 m Aaotkar. and oU dhrina <rf Oxfiord, 
 HiubbwdPa ■mm «mrioyed in the west eonatrj, 
 irinlly at the detroiion of tiie bUuna, doing 
 vdHMM««rtbaylMd« Urn. . . fta wonld danoab 
 hop, nd naa UMriodo geatarea ia tt»|idp^ 
 •wJieoL llwiCTln*t 
 
 (•} That the Nan BoQen ahonUl iMt be 
 MMn. but e« hta (AeUng^i) beariaga.— 
 iil^lBd«aria«U.r4S. 
 
 ■VBT Till. 
 
 apiney flmn wUeh ha had been delivered 
 by Divine Proridanoa. Tha apoUation of 
 the raligiona booaea had been long deter- 
 mined on by the king. Thia meMiire whi 
 but a aatoral conaeqnence of the achiam 
 with Rome. Wolaey had. in ^696. ob- 
 tained a bull from the Holy See, permitting 
 him to actmlariaa a oertoin number of the 
 raligicua houaaaXO whoee revenue waa 
 employed ia aapporiing tba two great 
 literary ioititationa whioh the mip'star bad 
 juat firacdad at Ipawicb and Oxford.<«) 
 
 Wotaa/a proiaota. thoogh anthoriaed by 
 a latter horn tha aoveraign, ware aaraaatiy 
 oppoaed by aevwral of the clergy.(h) TL>a 
 cardinal waa aeeuaed of attacking the 
 liberdea of tha Church i of eone<wUn«, 
 nndar a apecfama aeal tat litaratura. hia 
 unbridlad cupidity, and tt waa piedletad 
 that owing to thia fatal example, tba govern- 
 ment wouU be unable to find money alioald 
 the Commona rafuaa tba grant. Heniy, 
 deeply attached to tba Holy Baa k« thia 
 period, waa aVboted \if Uieaa eonrlaint^ 
 and »dTM«l Wolaey not to irritate «m 
 clargyr The momy which bad bcM am* 
 pkyad in bnUdmg thatwo eoUegaa htA not 
 bean lagiitmkteiy oMaiMd. RtMgioaa 
 honaes had baan Ulagally robfc^ lo boild 
 thaaa gymnaai»c wharer «. tba crttwn its Iti 
 Jiatraaa wonld ba oaabia to obH^ thtf 
 which a nlijaet bad cbtataKtl.0) Wobay 
 bad confljlad tha irdbmathmcrtba eBallat 
 hcoaae to Cromwtf* i hi* dkobani^ 
 that oOea wtth r '•M a v«l tn ba 
 dialis'Mreatad. B«f .4 to thai 
 
 (f ) Bymr'a Faiden, £!▼., SdO^MIt »i. 
 lt\ Wood'a HMory.of (te Uaivarii^r of 
 
 h; nec«ttaeIdanbe\«tderwtth:poatkn 
 a gnat Many that numhia itateaU? aiidta 
 the intuit Utat the fomdallM v J^ ■'•■^ 
 and begr - ahonld la^a pwyrwi ■ ■ «■«;. » 
 think U vary «J von ahodd l&NWjIiaaeJiNft 
 Stttdy tt il reok^ne<! thai vndi «f OmfM 
 thatbnUdelh tht aarae ikfrii aotbathabMt 
 acaviiod ^igouan. rackeirfag ttia oonwCram 
 maay a laiigloae honae onUivfUy, boaiteihe 
 d oak of kSdnam «Miai«a a* «difrtat ef I 
 
 rThMritobehi them; atana^oea 
 •• - pm to 
 
 religiane 
 
 would B'lt 
 ^.-.-..1,.. fn hia naeeaatty i^ 
 deal aa Ihey bcva to yea & 
 yowtaeUu|e<— Tytte 
 
 uAbvagP 
 »%iAUi 
 
 MHM 
 
 ) 
 
 V4.. 
 
 _ ^ ___JL.^ it. 
 
Im had baen dslbfred 
 , Tha ipoUation of 
 ltd batn long dater- 
 . Tbia nMMura wm 
 [oeoca of tha aohiam 
 f had, ia )aa6. ob- 
 Holf Saa, parmittinK 
 irlain number of tha 
 irhoaa ravenua waa 
 iing tha two Kiaat 
 hiohthn miP^tarhad 
 ch aad Oiford.<«) 
 Ihoogh anthoiiaad by 
 nraiffB, vara mmmAj 
 t the cIar(or.(i>) TL^a 
 i of attaekinff tha 
 irehj of eoncnaUnx, 
 il tn litaratore. hia 
 and it waa piadletad 
 il axampla, tiM govarn- 
 BtofladinoaejriHNild 
 I tha Rmik Beniyi 
 tha Holy Baa Kt thia 
 bj thaaa eonf Jnoti* 
 r not to initata ttw 
 wbkh had bcM mf 
 •two eoUagaa )bad not 
 sMaiMd. IfMffioiM 
 Hally rabfc^ lo boUd 
 graf s, tha etofwa ba hi 
 anJUa to nbUdu that 
 I cbitaliud.O) Wolaay 
 imatloB of the enallat 
 i Ita dk(ih«!i|ad 
 i«M a v«l tn ba 
 \ilRthai 
 
 f.of «ilM Uaivani^r «■ 
 
 bal«MarwiaiS««tlna 
 athia it abraU? aiidta 
 HMdallM y joif waaiU 
 :» pfoaMooa w aaaaa , I 
 UMMttMwHiaaalhllfl. 
 U«t k»eh «f iOmmm 
 e almildaKAbathabNt 
 tckairiaK tt ia oonav Cnibi 
 lOBUivlUlT.baarihtlha 
 
 tha«t aiiinaikMa aHM 
 M wit gntat to «Nit 
 
 lyeab/. Jss >ailint w 
 
 UTB ov aiiiBY rut. 
 
 IM 
 
 V' 
 
 ) 
 
 gdtd, pradoaa atonaa. vaaaa and Jawala, 
 tn the intentory that ha had drawn up, 
 which he fotgot to indada, and which 
 he appropriated without aempla. He 
 waa, howerar. caiefaU from a aanae of 
 abama, to ooo':aal the fruit of hia robbaiy 
 dwing hie maater'a adminiatntiont but 
 after Henry'a marriage he became bolder, 
 and fdt no fear in diaplayi^ hia oonven- 
 tnal apoila in hia riah manaion. like tha 
 alaetor, John of Saxony, he felt a plaaanre 
 in ridkAiUng the dmnkannaaa of tha monka, 
 while he waa qaaOag wine from the 
 gobleU, whioh be had atotan fbom aume 
 of tha eonvenu. Hia goeeto imitated 
 thair boat, and aeraral taloa wwe eireokted 
 at the table of the Chanoellor of the Bz- 
 oheqner an tha eine or Biadoiaga of tha 
 raligima. Let na lelau aome of the anaq> 
 dotee that wave in oireulation. and the raadav 
 wiU '^baUy iaegise hinnelf at the hoet> 
 lary <rf the Black Ilagfe at Witteabeig, at 
 one of tuther'a wraning anppera, at whieh ha 
 uied to aantaa hhaaelf at the expraaa of thoea 
 brathran whon he had not left thraogh • 
 fadiitf of charily atran a aonH. Itwaaaaid 
 at York phna, that on aaanUng a garden 
 Bttaehad to a oonvaot. n gtaat nnubar of 
 aknilaof naw^bom babaa bad baaa ltonnd,tiie 
 fimitaofahomkidnlineoalinaneaX*) Thiaia 
 tha aane aaaodota aa that whieh the Saxon 
 rahttad in ae famghaUa a manner at Wittam- 
 bntg, while apaaking of hk vofagato Italyi 
 os^ the Angwtiniaa. aMra poetioal than 
 GnMwall'a gneet, atatad the nnmber ti 
 8knIlatobadxtboeaBa&(t) Itwaaalaoaaid 
 tt York Flaea, that n oMnk and ana had 
 bean fooitd tog*«har, aad that tha draaa 
 0^ a I17 beotbar had baaa diaeoraed in tha 
 eel! of a nunt(") but they mentioned 
 oeitbar the name of the abbot nor tii* 
 colour of the hqr brother'a habit. 
 
 Thqr ware not an diaereat at Wittaabeq^ 
 fortiw eoloor of the hood wai apoeiiad, 
 aa wcQ M tha ana* of liM monk bf 
 whom it hMl baaa worn. Tha eUaaca 
 a York Placa dlaplayed bmn akiU. for 
 avary iMNR^ waa UaUa to be aeonaad. 
 MX^^-ltmh malaat kagaaga waa aaMi 
 
 waallk 
 
 S 
 
 'naol^iUd(a.-&udti^a UUkm. 
 Veaa. 
 
 by bonaaa ccnaaerated to prayer, and in 
 which tha inmatae had taken the vow of 
 pover^t >nd had any one taken a glanoa 
 at the table of the epicure, growling undav 
 the weight of gobleto atolen from tha ra> 
 ligioua bonaaa, he would certainly not bare 
 been able to caD in quaation the reracity of 
 the deolaimeia,bnt might have aeonaad them 
 ofalandar. AtWitlamberg,atlaaat.Lather'a 
 companiona, dootora in dril and in eancn 
 law, baehelora, philoaophera, preaebere, and 
 aedeeieetiee, oondemned to quaff Bbnbeek 
 beer in atone flagona, might kngh at 
 illiterato monka who ware uaing valuable 
 gobletal The reader, oould he hot have 
 a ghwoo at tha pamphlata printed in 
 Bnghutd and Saxony againat monkeiy at 
 tha commenoement of the apdiation of 
 monaatariae in both theee ooontriea, would 
 baamaaedattbdraimUarity.(<) Thaaame 
 hNolta, the aama flgnree of rbetorio> tha 
 aama argumenta, and tha aama folUee are 
 bronght forward, only the Saxon pamphlet 
 ia moea amnaing than the Bai^ab. Ia 
 Oamaqy, ha would find men whoaa witti* 
 riama would make him langh till ha wept 1 
 while in England, Sampaon, far iaatanaa^ 
 when be wiahad to be witty, kaaw not how 
 toeomaaeooa. (UvaTaaiaraandaeoauaoB 
 aiga painter tha aama tavern aaaae to dapkl 
 upoB eaavaa; the former, by ponitrqrtag 
 ml lifo,w91 exoito yonr adnrinttoa, whia 
 tha bttwwiU fail to amnae yon oven bf Ua 
 oaricataiaa. At York Place, oartafai ordira 
 wan aeeaead of oonntarMting aMiaagr, a 
 orfaaa that eoaldaaailyhaira baaa djaeowrad 
 owing to the oonnexkm balwaaa raligioat 
 honaea and the people. At oaitaia aaaaoaa 
 of tha year, every reUgiooa hooaa waa 
 vieited by aome thonaanda of pilgtima, iaw 
 at the prindpal faativala of ear Ladyi nd 
 at every moneatoiy a tdile and a bod 
 plaoed at the travelkr'e diapoeaL 
 
 At Wittembeqc-dia monka wi ,_^ 
 
 aaated. when tha heada of Luther and Up 
 oomradoawaraaadtadl^thabaorof Bhnr 
 bad^ aa ttviag rapraeantationa ef ignoraaea 
 and eovatooaaaea I but diey never, even 
 ia their momenta of ezdtement, thonght* 
 of awnakig Aam of aoimag^ Cknmwall 
 oafy rehired three Ki^vAw 
 
 O Canvwo Tiieh*Bedaa aal 
 
 TiSS^^^; 
 
 I '5! 
 
 : /: s. i. 
 
M6 
 
 Livt 0* main tiii. 
 
 c^ SeeMm, added to th* tiUet of 
 royalty, in ordar to eonflwata all monaebal 
 prup ai iy . Suprama Haad of tha Church, 
 Henry waa nuutar of all elarieal waalthi 
 pontiff ami klnji, hia powar aitandad ovar 
 arery phyaiea^ manifeatetion which may ha 
 prodooad by an axtamal tiga. Bat u in 
 thia viaibla kinfdom tiiat «u daUverad np 
 to blm, nothing haa gnatar hold on tha 
 lenaaa than tiia mataria! of whioh aa adiioa, 
 a vaaa, n piaea of aonay, a vaatmant, or 
 pietnra, ia eompoaad, it followed that arary 
 thing piaaanting a viaibla phanomenon 
 bahmgad to tha prinoa. Bnt to thia powar 
 thara wera neoaaaarily attached dutiaa and 
 ralaa of oondnet which had not baan 
 lagnbMd by PteUamantt tha aatrap had 
 niidatara, the hiarophant had aa yet none. 
 It waa eaaantial that thia new apiritnal Unf* 
 dom, which had Joat darcdrad on the prince, 
 ahonld be oonatitated. Qtonwell, ahraady 
 Chancellor dt tiie Bidwqaer and flrat' 
 areratary of tha Ung, waa nooinatad hia 
 Ticar-ganeraL Cromwell repreeanted tha 
 Ung t he waa hia vioagerant, hia eommia. 
 rioner extraordinary, hia hgata apoatoHe, 
 empowerad with the adminiatntion of 
 Joadeain the Ungdomof aoola, and artth tha 
 Mfarmation and amendment of aU errora. 
 beraeiee, and abnaea whieh might hare 
 gidad into the chorob of Bnglaad.(*) 
 
 Great attention moat be ptdd to the word- 
 lag of Cromwell'a powera. The eun of a 
 ftiner of London, the robber attaehed to 
 the Dnke da Bowbon, the keeper of the 
 bodka of the Venetiaa mcnhaat, oonld to- 
 iDHirow, were be «o hMlined, by Tirtne of 
 tiM Ung'a good pleanve. expel Qod tnm 
 tha aaenment of tha altar, and prononaea 
 tha Baal Riaeenoe to be a bereey. for he 
 had all power over dogma; to-morrow be 
 might dedd* «hat tha aaeerdotal oalihaoy 
 waa aa enor, for b3 had aU power over 
 dhMiplina. To-morrow he might rob the 
 Charcbae of their omamanta ondar pretext 
 of aboaa. for he had all powar over the 
 tea^onl adodnietntfoa of the Chiireh.(^) 
 
 _ Thonam 
 rabMeoela- 
 
 iTieaifnn 
 
 ibi&— «iiroiM!!Tiil--wiadBa. 
 
 ►) 
 
 Tkat,aaoo(diagtollertpi«ra, the aUaf 
 
 ^^ aathoiity. aext to that of Ged. 
 
 kii axeeDiBt m/iimltf by 
 
 To prove that he had not baetowed aa 
 empty title on hia fovoorita, Henry decreed 
 that he aboold have preoadenoe ova* lord* 
 epiritual and temporal, over tha Dnke of 
 Norfolk aa well aa the Arohbiahop of Oan- 
 tenniry. 
 
 Cknmwell had a numaroaa guard j ha aat 
 in the moat diatlnguiahad place in Parlia- 
 ment, and hia aaoietariee, commiaaioned to 
 replaee him, wan honoured with the aama 
 privilegee aa their maater. Wolaey waahad 
 himadf in a baaoa held by a aobUmah, 
 bnt tha latter waa ni«t eompelled to yield 
 hia rank to tha cardinal'a rapieecntativ^ 
 A few of the pralatee at flret munawM 
 on aeeing an aariant robber placed at their 
 heed, whoae leaat fault waa that of not 
 having beea brooght ap at a aamfaMiyX*) 
 Aa extraordinary anaoaptibiUty oa tha 
 part of man who had conaeated to reeiga 
 the keya of tha aaaetoary to the nyal 
 knrtr of Anne Bokynl Theae mnrmnra 
 ware not of loag doratioa i anflkieady 
 loag, however, to try the aubmiaawa of 
 the dargy, whoae moral degradation waa 
 aot yet ooaaamaiatad. Oa aweariag ia 
 their paatorala, like <ioodrleh,(«) haftrad 
 to tha FapMf, tha VUbop atiU ragMdad 
 himaalf. aad boldly daeiand it, hab of 
 Chrlat'a andmrity. Hany tNairad tha 
 pilaat to be hia aervaati aad It-waa aacea- 
 aaiy that the prieet hfaaaelf ahoold aekmnr- 
 ledRe that ha waa a prieet aot through 
 Divine mercy, but by the gnm of tha Uag. 
 Leigh and Keh were hia inatramaata la 
 obtaining thia proof of aarritade from the 
 priaethood. "Ae fbUowing wae their Kae 
 of argnmeat ;— BetlaelaaHcal JoriadieHea 
 la from Ood or ftom tha ktog. If It 
 be fkom God, let the priaata paedoea 
 
 kaavea. (wer all iahaUlanta of Ua kiaidom, of 
 whatever aex, age, ofder, or eoaditua, aa4 
 that it waa hia duty to deanie the AngUoaa 
 Chnreh from the briata ef vtoeiaad to plaat 
 ikofefai tha aaada ef viitne.— WilUHr Ca» 
 cilia. IIL. 7S«. 
 
 m " Ako. I awaar that I will fbr 
 laaooMse tha P^e, toMttMr widi hia 
 tioaaanddaaceea, uMekhavabaaa 
 
 or ahaU haieaftar be ooadamaed by tha Parlia- 
 UMWIof oarkcdthaUng. 8okeipmeaud( 
 aad thaae Hie Holy aoepela.»-lurt. Ji tU 
 Ohaatar'Haueeof'r 
 l.7«M. 
 
 1 
 
h»d aol bMto««d •• 
 rourite, Hmry daofwd 
 preoadaiuM om lorda 
 nl, OTtr the Dnka of 
 le Arohbkhop of On* 
 
 niiMKHis goati I ho Mt 
 liahid plaee in Piwli*- 
 ifiM, comniMioiied to 
 oaoanA with th« mom 
 utOT. WolMjrwuhtd 
 
 hold bf a nobkmh, 
 loteomponad to yMd 
 rdintl't nfMaaOaArp. 
 IM tt ibvl muranH«d 
 
 robber plaeod tt thair 
 ■alt WM that of not 
 It ap at a ••niinaiy.(*) 
 ■oaMptibiUtj on tha 
 ad eonMntad to raaign 
 odoarf to tha rojral 
 ipil Thaaa namnn 
 dotation I nrfBolaatfy 
 try tiM rabmiialon of 
 Boral dofpradation ma 
 lad. On ■waaiing in 
 » Goodrldi,(«) batrad 
 
 biahopatiU r^^arddl 
 r daeiarad it, hdr of 
 Ifanj tiaairad tha 
 •ttti and it-waa naeaa- 
 ifanadf aboold aeknov- 
 a priaat not through 
 f tha ipaea of tha Uhr. 
 n hia inatramaala in 
 of aarfitoda fitMttha 
 Ooiring waa thair lina 
 VwlatHcial JoriadiatleB 
 om tha kfa«. If it 
 
 tha pritata ptodoaa 
 
 UaBtaof UakiaidoB,of 
 tder, or eoodltUB, ud 
 to dMBta tha AagUoaa 
 M of Ttoa, nd to ptaat 
 
 ir that I irfll fbr avar 
 MMttarwitiihlao—i ma 
 Mt hatai i ii aond aa i wi di 
 oodMUMdhylhaParlUk 
 Unf. SokaipaMaod. 
 - - "^-.MSi. In tha 
 
 ufi ov nm»m mt. 
 
 Mn 
 
 loalr Uttara ilgaad by tha hand of tha 
 Lord. If tbay hava loat thaIr titlaa, or if 
 thoy hava narar axlatad, tiia king b raady 
 )n hia patamal goodnoaa to raplaea than, 
 if thay hava bean loat, or to ereata than, 
 if th<qr hava narar •iiatad.(*) Tba idan 
 waa bailed by Cronwall u a haavonly 
 Inaplration. 
 
 On tha 18th SepUnber, iaS6, England 
 had RO piiaathoodi on that day, tha holy 
 oil eongaalad oa the haada of thoae who 
 had been oaee anointed. Crannar ac- 
 nowledgad tha airaola, and informed the 
 elergy by a eirenlar that the kinR had 
 aoapanded all tha ordinariaa-C*) At tha 
 and of a nonth. thai Ugh AgnilHry who had 
 hamUy aubmittad to tha royal maarara, 
 totand Ua eyee towarda tha throne of all 
 gnea. and hamUy baaought Henry to 
 grant tha lattata of prieethood. Tha 
 petition waa laoelTed. and to eaeh of tba 
 biahopa waa forwarded a parehnont. araled 
 with tba royal anna, eomniaaioning hhn to 
 naka tha oil, to pow it on tha hcada of 
 the neophitaa, to Jndga an eanonkal eanaee. 
 to grant diaponaatiMMh and to fbttl tha 
 dntiea of hia ofl«ai(«) for tha prieethood 
 waa no longer a ehaiga of amda. Moaa* 
 om. tha pretale ww raainded that it waa 
 not aright that had beaa reatorad hvn. bat 
 a fhTonr graekNialy gianled bin by the 
 kingi beeaoee a hiahop waa not aaaeaaary 
 for the adminiatratlon of a diocaaai that 
 tiia ktag'a viear gonoral. tha aola aoorea of 
 an powar, aoold notbapraaeat at tiie event, 
 and diat it waa nui aii r y to noMdy tha 
 ineoaTaaknoea irideh dafa^ or intenrap. 
 tkm fai tha aaareiaa of hia anthofity might 
 caoaa. Iha CiMnefa waa haneaforward a 
 ■lAritnal oigaa af govemn«at i tha hiahop 
 matdyttia MM wt* a dtviakm. the priaat hot 
 a oleA of tha aOoa. Henry, with ao 
 cowardly a clargy,aoald dowhathei^aaaed, 
 oartiia of being ebayad. 
 
 About thia ^na, Onmwall propoaed to 
 tha Uag tha diaeoliitkin of the rdigiooe 
 hooaaa. Tha king gave hia maobatien to 
 a maaaata wUoh wwdd anabk him .to 
 oppoaa tiia aanMnv, whoaa iaat at that 
 tlmo aomaddia M td juti aaai a and tU 
 
 1.(4) Strype, withoat nanlioning 
 
 Cbarlet V., attributea tha project of tha 
 anppraaaion of the religiotta bouaee t« 
 their enormoua wMdth and tha atuebmant 
 ofthamonkatodieHolySea.(*) Cranmer, 
 according to Bamat. had aome powerfnl 
 laaaone fw urging the aappraaaioa of tha 
 religioua hoaaee. aa their esietenea waa 
 oompleuly incompatible with hia plane of 
 rafermationt for, adda tha hiatorian, tha 
 arehbiahop waa aware tiiat aooie aham^ 
 ■operatitkHia, anob aa belief in pnrgatorf 
 and the eaerilee of the Maaa. waia adU 
 dominant in religioua houaea, whicli eooM 
 only be extirpated by their aappraaakm.(') 
 Thia aoknowiadgmant ie praoioaa. 
 
 Tba AndibkdMp of Cantaitery, according 
 to Burnet, had eeaaed, in 163S, to believa 
 in dogaua,wbieh Henry impoeed on hia eab» 
 laota, under pain of death, and waa avaa 
 ■aeratly workiog to a i t ir p a ta a creed wUoh 
 the law oTthe etau oompellad him totaaeh 
 in the pul^ Ha ia aver tha aaam, pM.> 
 taeting againat hia piotaat. Two powwfU 
 jaotivaa urged Cromwell to tha diMMfaitiea of 
 laUgiona houae8,-<-hia paadumt forthanew 
 goqtol, and hie great avarioa. He had 
 heard a great deal of tha wealth amaaaad 
 fai lono reUgktna houaoa for agaa by 
 tha piety of tha Fkithfld. There wara 
 rdU^pariaa with preekNM atonee, irilvar-gill 
 ehaliaaab ahrinea omamaatad with mbiaa 
 and emaialde, Bgurea of aagab in aiher, 
 diiiiHi^t nimilar to thoae found by Cortea 
 in Meiieo, gold which epanglrd oa tha 
 aopea, dalnatica and other aaoardotd veet- 
 menu naed on the eolaoA faativala of tha 
 Chordh. The king, at Oiomwdl'a iaati* 
 gatioa, ordered a gaaaval viaitatioB of tha 
 raligioaa houaea on tha plea of idigkM* 
 Not a ayUaUa wwi breathed about thafar 
 immenaa wealth t boi Iwag pagae waia 
 written on the etata of the eoub inhabitiag 
 them. It waa appndwndad that i dla n aaa^ fai^ 
 continenoe, and inogularitiee of evaiy kfavi 
 were pregnant thara. Hialanguiyrf Holy 
 Writ waa need to aipraaa thair au pp oee d 
 
 («) Bumet 
 
 C«) Their a:teflhmaat toJheHBee of Boae^ 
 tofather with Ua own da<ire to be «uiohed h$ 
 the diewlnUoa, wa^ iha caaaaa 
 
 (i?ItKnut. 
 
 Of Afaatdaat. 
 
 to 
 
 7,mSftiim>mmM 
 
uwm or HKnav tiii. 
 
 flMj wiihad 10 MS whathir the 
 tktetla WM not thrMtacing to ttUla tiM 
 |ood gnui whtthar tha riiM Sad not baon 
 MtMkad hjr aotna iaiact > whatlMT tha roaa 
 of Jariaho «■■ not kafttlahioK for want of 
 tka hanvanly daw) wbathar tha ran of 
 Joatiea wm atill ahiniBg. It wm ImpoMibla 
 for tha inatnietiooa which the lagataa of 
 Iha Uol/ 8ae naeiTad In tha aarly anaa of 
 Mm Ohnreh to hava a battar or huliar ipirit 
 ■ddraaaad to tha royal con* 
 ■.(•) Thrjr wara probably tha 
 
 ipoailion of Cromwallt at laatt wa And 
 la Ikmu aoaaa of the aichbiahop'a ideaa, 
 «r ntiiar thoaa of tha GafmMi aohoul, 
 of Whioh ha waa a repraaantatlre, on 
 •obatitatinff tha adoratioB in apiitt for 
 aKtmial actt in which raligioua hooaaa 
 wara lU tha time acoaaad of makiBK 
 Chiirt^tty to eonaiat. Tha oonpoeara of 
 BOOM of Iheae nceaaatioaB wara evidently m> 
 fMuatad with tha Saxon liturgy, and mI- 
 Mttad by tha apirit of tha ReforawtioB. It 
 una tkaiafon a oonvafaioa which the king 
 iiriiidl and «a ahaU n<it ba anrpriaad at 
 dM anf^ akilfolMaa with which it wia 
 pnaohad. for oontaraiiM to the priaciplaa of 
 tiM Baferawtion wonld Mcaaaarily land to 
 tba nmuciation of tha aaoatio life, and, aa a 
 Mtaral eoaaequanee. to tha diaaolutioB of 
 IIm raUgiooa hooaaa. Huina aeknowladgea 
 iImI the niaaion of tha viaitora waa tha 
 lAoUtioa of thaaa iaatitotioiub and tiM 
 traaofar of their property into tha kiag'a 
 hMda^) 
 
 Tka kingdoBB waa divided into diatrtoti^ 
 Md to aaeh dialriat wara attaehad two 
 ■aatmotad to laeaiire avary 
 reapactiag tba laligioaaof 
 IwthaaieiW whoea raranuea wara eoratad. 
 llMaa Tiailora wan (aa haa been geaer- 
 lUjf aeknowladgad) man of doubtful ch»- 
 Mdara aad craatnrea of CronwelL We 
 give one anaq^i— Dr. Lajton, on aoU> 
 aiting tha function of ooaouaaionar, wrote 
 to A» Ticagarant, aayiag that if it would 
 
 (a) ArtieaU regia iaquirioioiua in monaa- 
 tieaai vitam agentee exponendi, et pracipue in 
 aptea a jaiiadtetioaa dIoceaaii4. Jiai tantftm 
 wjaaMi et ataa JuriadietiMii MMitoa et 
 ictoa ac h^ina inoSli ani regni sutntia et 
 baa ndllnae altia panitAa obaoxioe et 
 
 i.~MtB.,Cleop.,B.IV..lS. 
 (fc) HMO. 
 
 picaaa him to appoint Dr. Lee aa hia 
 eoa4)ntor, they would promiae not to laara 
 a aingla raligioua, (whether be were a nnoiik, 
 lay brother, father, nun, young or old,) 
 wtthnnl having acriooily examined bio 
 hia conduct, niorala, and attainmenta. 
 They boaeled of being acquainted with the 
 alightett dctaila of erery religioua houee 
 In the diocaae of Linculn.(*) None of the 
 poor vietime expected a vUit from theee 
 herda of prey. Tha religioua imagined 
 that they were «hellared by the M»put 
 Cktria in then- righte aa dtiaana. Ine». 
 pabla of oppoeing tha king'a ordara, they 
 ware obliged to aea their aaylum viohUed 
 without bidng able to appeal to th«i Uwa of 
 tha country. They woidd not hare been 
 liatanad to, and their raaiatanoa wonld have 
 bean u aalaaa or ineflcaoiona, aa tba viaitora 
 ware empowered to hare reconrao to arma, 
 if neceeaary.(*) They left London anaad 
 with public iiMtmetiona and aocret ordera.(*) 
 The public inatructiona were to vitit in the 
 name of tha goapel thoaa raligioua hontta, 
 aa tha king, the Supraoa Head of tha Church 
 wiahed to bo acquainted with tha alightaat 
 dataila connaotad with than, in order that 
 he might aitirpata any error which through 
 oulpaUa nai^igaaca night hare glided into 
 tbam. How could tha anperior ventora 
 to laAiaa opening the doora of tha eaUa in 
 tha honaa under hia direction to thaaa 
 apoatlae of Chriet, who came to bin with 
 n paayaronthair lipa, n aaaetiflad look, aad 
 their worda parAuaad with a vang aliaa l 
 odour. Tha doora warn aooordinglythrowa 
 open} but ia IbUewiag tha viaitora, it waa 
 anf to parcaiva thai thay aaiaad ail that 
 had tha appanranoa of gold or ailvar. Uul 
 they had act eoeaa to amuaa a epirit of 
 l^ety anak ia tha deep latfaaigie alaep ^ 
 vanity and idk a eai, bnt to prevent tha 
 raligioua taUag a daliglU ia auparflaoaa 
 wealth. llMir aacnt oadara tadiaalad tha 
 
 («) M8S. OlacB., F. IT., II. 
 
 («) Cobbell. 
 
 (•) Their Inatrae tf eaa w arn aanpla. dhaatJat 
 unn to iareatifMa, ia the etHcteetmaaaaL tia 
 govMBawnt, ediM^iuD, aad behaviour cflMh 
 iexaa, to fiad ont their offeneaa, nl «A 
 tUa oUect, to compel them to exhibit Aiir 
 aiHliuiiaik e*ideaoei,«idcaaveyaMe«aef kmd, 
 to dkeover thdr jeweia wd rmi^ to take la* 
 vaataciaacf Oftir phta aad aMaag,--TytlH; 
 
int Dr. Lm M hi* 
 I promiM not to Imv* 
 «th«r ba wtn » mMik, 
 Bun, jbung or old,) 
 loaily •zunined bio 
 a, knd atuinmwttiL 
 f Boquaintad with tht 
 irerjr riligiout bouM 
 «ulii.(«) NoM of tha 
 id • vitit from that* 
 10 reUgiout ImiigiMd 
 tarad by iba M»ftm 
 ita M (dtiiaiu. Ine»- 
 la king'a ordara, thajr 
 tbair aajrlum viobUad 
 ■ppaal to tb«i Uwa of 
 iroidd not hara haan 
 laeiatiiea would hara 
 Miona, aa tha viaitota 
 lava raco n raa to araia, 
 Bjr laft London amad 
 na and aacrat «rdata.(*) 
 na were to visit in tba 
 iboaa laligioua hontta, 
 OM Head of tba Chutek 
 itad with tha aligbtaat 
 h than, in ordar that 
 lyairor which Ihmogh 
 nifht hara gUdad into 
 tiM anpetior vaataia 
 t doora of tha ealla in 
 lia diraetioB to thai* 
 hoeama to him with 
 , n aaaetiflad look, and 
 ad with avangaliaal 
 maooordingly throws 
 ■g tha TJaitora, it waa 
 t thar aaiaad aS that 
 of gidd or ailtar. dut 
 to anniaa » apirit of 
 laap lathaigie alaap ft 
 , bnt to pnvant tha 
 laliglU in anparflnoaa 
 t Oidan tndiantadtha 
 'J \ 
 '. IVn 11. 
 
 I 
 
 Lira Of Kniiit ritt. 
 
 tha attfotaatiauHkaii. tka 
 1, and hehaviowd^Mb 
 Mir offeneia, ial WA 
 1 tham to aihibit Alir 
 udoanreTaMeaaaflMd, 
 la wd ifriiaii^ to taha !»• 
 a and aMMgr,--TjrtlH; 
 
 niigtona objact of thia pastoral vlait. Tba 
 ooaoiiaaioBara wara inatniotad to urga 
 tboaa in poaaaatlon to naka a praaant of 
 tha property of which thay ware but tha 
 adminittratora to the king. Hia majaaty 
 promiaad to Bclinowl«dga this aervlca ran- 
 darad to tha auta by granting tham a 
 pMiaion in tbair old aga. If tha ofcr waa 
 not complied wHb, then tha oo mmi aai onaw 
 wara ordawd to quit the raligiooa bonaa. and 
 to obtain depositions in tha diatrict which 
 would Justiry the suppreaaion of tha hooaa. 
 In th' <lrst tayem, aufBeiant aridanea con- 
 demnatory of tha raligioua hooaa, aArmad 
 on oath, coold ba obtained for a faw glaaaaa 
 of bear and two or three angela. if neoaa. 
 sary.(*) Tha viaitora wara not aoeoaaalU. 
 it waa with gnat tnmbla daring tha wlalar 
 of 1SS5. that thay obtained tha voluntary 
 raeignation of tha foUowing houaaa:— 
 Ungdon. Folkstona. MUngtoa. and St. 
 Mary, at Dovrr, in Kenti Marton, in 
 Yoikahirai Hornby, in Laaeaahira, and 
 Tiltay, in Eaaa«.(*) Thay eonaaquaudy 
 apoha in ationg teriM agiriaat thoaa who 
 eoaaaoted to allow thaaaaalTaa to ba aabbad. 
 but woukl not baalow on tha priaea pro- 
 party of which thay thamadfaa warn hot 
 thaatawarda. 
 
 If any ciadit cu ba gl»an to tha cob*. 
 miaatonara. tha majority of tha raligiooa 
 houaaa of bott aeiaa wara tma robhara' 
 deoa, shameful hrotfMto, abomlnablo plaeea, 
 whara tha ana wit a aa a a d aeeaea too laroli. 
 ing lud horribk to batatelad. If thaaa 
 ' maa had aot Uad. tha prlM>a. tha gallowa, 
 and afaa tha ataka, aad a«t aacidariaadoB. 
 ought to bavu baaa tha jaat mead appof. 
 tioaad to thaaa nwaha. Batihaaeoaaadhad 
 BO oppaMaaity of dafenAng thanaalvaa. 
 Thay waia aat aummonad to apposr batora 
 anytilbaaaL They wan aotaonf^oated with 
 thair Mouiaiii UMfoovat, muk np r aaa n tioB 
 woaU hvf baaa of ao aarricft. Woa to 
 Aa uw^ih who would hava had adMaat 
 sftwr«-"i' ts aeanao dm aommiaaioaan of 
 pariair c>. Ma* avidoMa. Ha wuaU ham 
 baaa MM taTybam aa dm diaig* of Ugh 
 treaaoa. From dda iaqidry laaaltad tha 
 proof that dm hilar houaaa hU ptaawrad 
 
 i 
 
 % 
 
 diamaelvM from the leprosy which infected 
 the .mailer cloistara. Tha commissbnara 
 violated both the laws of hoapitality and 
 the rulas of logic i this was the firat tim* 
 that a privilege was granted to wealdi 
 against idleoMS and immorality. But tha 
 motive actuating this strange bill of in- 
 demnity in favour of the wealthy com- 
 munitisa of Bngland, ia eaplained by tha 
 preaence in Parliament of tha priora and 
 abbots of the larger houses, who wno abia 
 to convict tha commissionera of fUa#». 
 bood.(^ 
 
 On tha visitor/ report, tha hing pra- 
 aantad. Udi March, 1636, a biU to Pnriia. 
 meat for tha auppraasion of tha aaullar 
 religious houaaa, mA which waa eagerly 
 racaivcd by both houaaa. Huma baa 
 aaaartad that die project of tha crown mat 
 with no oppoaition. The historian, and 
 for tba honour of England be it recorded, 
 ia deceived. Spalman posidvaly aaaerta 
 dut tha bill waa long debated ia tha Honaa 
 of Commoas^ tnd it waa even aappoead 
 that it would not paaa, when tha king 
 ordared tha membara to meat Us mijaaly 
 in tha gaUary of hia palaca. when thay 
 were obligad to wait for him Ibr aavaral 
 boon. Tha king, on leaving hki vpnU 
 menu, walkad two or dim tinaa op aad 
 dowa th« corridorcb thea tuning abrupdj 
 round, ha aaid: "I am told that my biU will 
 not pamt bnt I taU you diatit ahaU pan, or 
 there will ba a faw haada of to>Bwmw in 
 ■ly kingdom."(*) Spehaan makaa ao oh- 
 aarvaiion on thia.(*) Neidmir doaa ha tail 
 ua that tha reason why the Commoaa 
 wished to n^ dm biU waa. fliat it dM 
 9ot baneftt tham in dw alighteot degna. 
 Thay fblt certain diat tba wealth woaM 
 paaa into tha handa ottha king, Cromwell, 
 and hie agenta. and tha hnda. apiritaal aai 
 temporal, of the kingdom. Tba bill paaaad. 
 The reader ahoald attentively ftwty the 
 preamble t "The irreguter, aenanal. and 
 abomioabU life, led ia aoma prknriaa, ahbqri^ 
 and other religiouehouaea of nionka.eaa«aa, 
 and nuna; dm imgutarity of tha heada 
 of theae ccatmaaMaaa who expand, diaafc* 
 ynta and Tui* tha propffty of iM( 
 
 rOLiofard. 
 
 
 Hnma. 
 
m 
 
 uwm Of miiiif rttt. 
 
 ■oawterin, htmt, Ktuiag iandi and 
 tontOMnU, lo the ffrMi dUpleaiarc nt 
 Almighty Ood, Um ktmI Msaddl of nlifion, 
 ItM liMMM of the king and hit kiagdoia, 
 hava inapirad Iha thouRhl of raroadying 
 aoch orying abutaa. In vain hava aitampla 
 haan aadt for tha Uat two canturiat to 
 work a prudent rafonnation, in ao abamaAil 
 • kind ol Ufa. Tha wound haa Inoraaaad, 
 ■ad wa haTa witnaaa, oh uwtal thing i that 
 a graat immbar of raliglona of both aezaa 
 hava apoataiiaad rathar than lanonnca 
 tbair tnagularitiaa. In vaia ahall wa hopa 
 to work a rcfomation in tha oonvantual Ufa, 
 If thaaa oomnunitiaa ba not aupprvaaadi 
 If tha rdigluua who eompoaa tham ba not 
 ttanatanrad to aoma of tha largar and 
 ■MWa hoaoorabla monutariaa in tba king* 
 demi if thay ba aoi eoapaUad to Uto 
 according to tha praeapta of tha goapal. 
 Ooaaaquantiy hia imjaaly tha king, Supvama 
 Hoad OB aarth, afUir Ood, of tha Chnroh of 
 Bagtaad, datiroua of ailfarpating aeandal 
 aad afai frota hia kingdom, and coaaidaring 
 Mmt aavaral of tha kigar moaaa t a ri aa, 
 la wkich tha piaeapta of tha goapal an 
 (ftaak <M\) carriad out, ara ia want nf 
 Mlflaota, haa eonaidaiad It hia duty to 
 poiail ool to tha lay aad aeebalaatica 
 paan, hia wall-bdovad and faithful aub- 
 Jaola, dw mamban of tha Honaa of Com« 
 ■MMk tha advaatagan to ba obtainad by 
 dm auppraaaion of tha amallar moaaatariaa, 
 whmon tha aforo-mantioaad Ftara aad 
 Conuama, aftar great dalibarathm, daelaia 
 thai tiM pmpartiea of thaaa iaatitadoua, tha 
 NvaBttaa of which hava haan uaad for alnftil 
 pa r peaaa , diould ba appropriatad to aoma 
 batter purpoaa, and that tha rrilgloua of 
 heih aazaa, whoaa irragidaiUiaa hava ha- 
 ooaaa ao Botorioua, ahonld ehaaga tkair life 
 and covduei." Than foDowad tiia kw whkh 
 baatowad on tha khm all tha monaatie 
 aatabllahmcnta whMi did not axoaad £S00 
 par aanwn wMi iha ptOpat ty dapaodant 
 tharaoa, aad tha vighl of baatowtag thaaa 
 taida aad p o iaaaa l a n by lat t a ia pataat on 
 thaaa of hia anljaeta whooi ha ahoold 
 ba plaaaad to aomteata^ bnt o^Uging tham 
 to dMI ia tha hoaMt and to eolthpata dta 
 aaaM anmltar of aoraa of lan^ aa tha rali* 
 Kfooa had eqhivatad dutag tim kat tw<mty 
 laua. Thisaat 
 
 tiaa, addad £180,000 to tha aanttal ravanua 
 of (ha crown, and gava £100,000 to tha 
 king in money, plata^ aad Jawala.(*) Tha 
 king wa« aUowad, by tha act, if ha io 
 pleaaed, to areato new monutariaa, or to 
 preaarva thoaa whioh bad b«MB auppraaaad. 
 Now thU aoBceaaion, which tha arown doaa 
 aot aaam lo hava aoUeitad, ud whioh tha 
 ParliaiBaat only Introducad into tha biU 
 through a movemant of pity for tha aaeu> 
 lariaad monka, waa the royal clamenoy 
 tranafonned into an article of merabandlaa 
 and put up (or auction ) nay, it waa a re- 
 ward offtrad to the avidity of Cromwell, 
 who wanted lo fumieh the houtee he had 
 |uat buUt at Bolla, in the city, at Stapoey, 
 at Canoobury, at Mortlake, and at Hack.* 
 noy.(^) Tha amallar raUgioua hooaaa wara 
 oompdlad lo treat with the king who waa 
 not vary hard, aad oocaaionaUy with tha 
 vieagareBt, who waa inaatiable in hia do* 
 manda. On a moaaatery being placed oa 
 tha fatal Uat, tha aaperior wc di aaed tha 
 flnaat dkoMmd ha poaeaaaad lo CrouwaUi 
 tha vicar>gaoarvVa agent would rathra aad 
 aaapand tha azeeutioB of the ordara wUh 
 whioh ha had been charged i ha would, 
 howavar, again mrka hto appaaraoea al 
 tha vary moment when tha hmthran wara 
 thanhiag Heaven fur thair daUvaranoa, 
 aad would Bot leave natU ha had flUed 
 hia poekate with o1i|ieeta of valna, and 
 would even agida return fbr aoma oope 
 or aaeardotal omamantn Bat Cromwell 
 had aoma powerful rivak at tha court 
 of Oraaawkht they wara thoaa to whom 
 Haary had promiaed to aall or giva 
 (ayiioaimona tarma) aoaaa of tha 
 p rwaa d honaaa. Tha diaaoaaioaa beta 
 thaae livak wara of a loai duration. Aboot 
 a hundred of tha ralipkma houeea wara aM 
 hnmadiaMdy dieaolved in conaaqnaaaa of 
 their fivfag up a portion ol thafar property. 
 GHeUngen, who while hnming the iMnka 
 in tha Blaak Poraat, boaatad of hk 
 elaaaanoy, baranaa inatead I/. kilUng ha only 
 motlktad tham, k a good ra p raaaataliva «l 
 tUmtf, who ooadaaeaadad to kava Um 
 
 nil 
 
 Liagud. 
 
 ■IUa.9a4aaataa,III. 
 M88. aUnf^M. IV., > im, 
 
to tha Mntttl rartatM 
 vn £100,000 10 (Im 
 I tad J«wal«.(*) Tha 
 by tha aet, if ha M 
 m monutariaa, or to 
 had boas auppraaaad. 
 arhlch tha erown doaa 
 idtad, ud whioh Um 
 Mlucad into tha bill 
 of pity for tha aacu> 
 
 the royal olanianoy 
 rticla of inarabaadiaa 
 ion 1 nay, it waa a n- 
 avidity of CromwaU* 
 ih tha houaea ha had 
 
 tha city, at Stapoay, 
 ortlaka, and at Hack* 
 (aUnioua hoaaaa wiaa 
 tb tha king who waa 
 DocaaionaUy with tha 
 
 inaatiabla in hiado* 
 lataiy bainn placad on 
 parior wc Ai aand tha 
 aaaaaad to CrouwaUi 
 lanl would rathraaad 
 a of tha ordaia with 
 
 charged I ha wooki, 
 a hia appaaraoea li 
 «n tha bmthroB wafo 
 ir thair daliraranoa, 
 I nntU ha had iUled 
 \^»eU of valna, and 
 atum fbr aooM oopa 
 nt.n Bat CroDBwdll 
 
 rivala at tha eoorl 
 woro thoaa to whom 
 ad t«> aaU or gha 
 
 I diaaoariona batwaaa 
 Utog duration. About 
 frtona houaaa wan aM 
 d is cooaaqnauaa of 
 ten a# thafar paopaitjr. 
 ila hunting tha iMuka 
 Mt. boaaiad of Ua 
 itMdi.:kiliinglMOB)f 
 |Ood ra p taaantntlyu rf 
 leaadad to lauvu Um 
 
 illl. 
 .IV.,>1M» m. 
 
 uwM Of anaT Tttt 
 
 m 
 
 jraUgioua tha walla of thair houaaa Kftar they 
 had baan oomplauly Rutta<).(*) Tha fol. 
 lowing waa thair proriaiou for thaae aup- 
 praaaad houaaa ( tha lupariora raceived a 
 panaion during lifai all thoaa who had 
 takau their rowa before they had arrirad 
 •t tha ago of twenty-four were aaoulariied, 
 and allowed to return to tha world, tailing 
 with theoi only their raligloua habit t no iii' 
 quiry waa made aa to whether aociety would 
 give tham bread and clothee. Of the 
 mora aged, aonia were traniferred into tha 
 brgar houaea, tha virtue of which Parlia- 
 meat had lauded in auch terma ; thoaa who 
 reftiaad thia plan, were oompellad to throw 
 thamaalvaa on tha mercy of Cromwell and 
 Cranmar. 
 
 Tha Aiehbiahop of Cantarbury waa at 
 flrat inoUnad to pity thamt although ha had 
 approved of tha auppreaeionof tha religioua 
 nouaae,(^) etill there waa a mom«tit when 
 h» rafuaad to aarieh himaalf by thair 
 •poila.(«) But wa ahall aoon aea that tha 
 primaM yielded to tha tampUtion. Tha 
 lot of tha faligioaa waa truly deplorable i 
 they racMved only one dreaa from tha king, 
 and ware eompallad, at tha vary oom- 
 manoamaat of thair diatiaaa, to bag on tha 
 publio roada. Ood did not abandon tham, 
 and tha ancient Bngliah hoapitali^ gava 
 them a kind reerpttan^*) It baa bean 
 already remarkad in thla Life of Henry 
 VIII^ that taara wan generally eombinad 
 with ridicule i at tha vary moment that tha 
 heart ia touched with feelinga of indigna- 
 tion or pity, aooMtlung ndieuloua occura 
 whieli arnata our taara and angart thua 
 it waa in tha hiatory of tha raligioua 
 houaea. B^aroaly had tha diaaolution of 
 tha monaatariaa beau datarminad on, 
 and tha work regularly ooaunancad, than 
 thara appeared a number of the gantry 
 who nquaatad a portion of tha apoila. 
 Fiiat, the Lord Chaneallori Audleyeom* 
 phdnod in tmlj pitaoua aooaaM to Crom- 
 
 (•) Spaad'a Hiatolra of Oraat Britaine.— 
 Oiklogua of the rellgtone houeee within the 
 reaba of Bngland and Walae, with their ordera, 
 foandera, banellMtore aad valnee. meet vl them 
 Mat a aw waeed by Ktag Henry VIIL 
 
 0>) ma. Okap. Uouaak WaMudaatai^ 
 
 V Tadd. 
 
 UaCMd.-BaaMt.-ByMab 3UV., »74. 
 
 well, that ha had been forgotten by tha 
 king who had promiaed to ralee him to 
 the Upper Houee, bui had omitted doinA 
 ati, and left him with a revenue of £800. 
 He had aome land which he would willioKly 
 Rive in eichange for the auppreeeed monaa- 
 tery of St. John, at Colcheiter.(*) Ttien 
 came Mr. Parr, whu offered tha vicaiw 
 general £300 per annum if ha would give 
 him Peterborough Abbey. (') Thomaa 
 Arundel ia yet more generoua i ha offered 
 1000 marks for Clift Abbey."(f) 
 
 John of London thua relataa hia expo* 
 dition againat the religioue houeaai "At 
 Reading, I deetroyed the facade of tha 
 ehurch, the windowa being filled with tr.» 
 brethren, and left the walla and roofa entire 
 fbr tha aarvice of the king. I aealed tha 
 omamenta and the aeata of tha dormitory, 
 and the fbrniture, whioh would have been 
 etolen, aa well aa many other thinge. At 
 Ayleebury, I found the religious ezoeedingly 
 poor, and encumbered with debte. Thaiir 
 omamante ware worthleaa, aa alao were tha 
 proviaiooa of thabr honea there, and I only 
 aold aome panaa of glaaa and a few win- 
 dowa. I Ml tha houaa entire, and I only 
 deetroyed tha faflada of tha ohurcb whioh 
 had baan recently eoverad with lead and a 
 good new roof. At Bedford, I aold tho 
 omamenta of the church and tha aaerad 
 veooela. I aavad all tha lead and aomo 
 iron-wovk, whioh I entruatad to tha eara o# 
 Mr. Ooatwika. At Htaaford. I left tha 
 gray Ariara all thair utanaila for browing i 
 their kitchen utanaila wara ao pour 
 that I could not adl tham fbr mora 
 than 8a. No glaaa among tha gray, whitaw^ 
 or black f^iara. I left them their 
 
 ohurchei. At , I eold all the 
 
 brewing uteneila, which had aaen much 
 aarvka. At Coventiy, I partly raaad to 
 tha ground the honae of tha gray 
 brotbara, thoagh tha monka giiaivad for 
 what I had dona i but I did no harm to tha 
 whita flriara. Tha monaatary at Waawiok' 
 ia in tha town. It ia an old building in 
 ruhu, with no load but thai eompoainc tho 
 IHpaa. Thara I daatroyad tha windowa ot 
 tha church, and tha Aimhuia of tha dor^ 
 
 s 
 
 MS8.. Cal., P. IV., 198. 
 MS8., CaL. P. IV., M|». 
 IIM..0aL,P.IY.,M7. 
 
9IW 
 
 ura «t mmm tui. 
 
 : f^-: 
 
 ■tlory, M i IwTa iom» avary « 
 •I Bwlfofd Md AylMbury.T) 
 
 It tMOM Uut all that cotild ka takaa awaf 
 waa aold by auction, fur tha pvoti of tho 
 traaaiury or kta afcotai wood, iroa-work« 
 laad, fmtUmiU, iha Miaa aa io SwitMriand 
 at Iha tioaa of iba diaaolation of iha 
 houaaa ikara. Tha purchaaara wara no- 
 naroua, and aoina bara baan found to 
 daauriba tha aoana for tha adiflcation of 
 puatarity i "And arary ona bought thtofa 
 •haap, aava iba poor monka and nuna, 
 who had no monay. aa waa prorad at iha 
 nppraaaioa af a nonaatary, of whieh I 
 baVk baard nMntion mada, tha Abbay of 
 tha Rook, a houia of Ciataniana, It ma 
 wall built, in atona, vaultad, and a«tb»4f 
 oovwad with laad, aa wan tha abbaya and 
 ehuiehaa in Bngland. Ona of mg unolaa 
 waa praaant at ita daatraotiun. Ha waa on 
 latioMUa tanna with iba nligiooa who had 
 dwati tharab and whan tkay wara aipalladi 
 «M of thaa, who WW hk fHaad, told hia 
 
 mU, and in nana of than waa than any. 
 lUnir al rahw. anaiit tha bad. whioh 
 Vw a»a» waa aavy afaaptok Thia aank 
 vafnaatad any OMb to bay aoaMllUnf I b«t 
 W lanllad to htan tlMl ha aaiw nnthMMr ki 
 Mm* «H which haaonld tarn lata nan," 
 •■al.' anU tha laeak. ' clvn bm M. far 
 '«7 doart il aaaaot vadalw 0a.' "My 
 vaalaMfaaai aapiaa. tlwi It woaldbaof 
 aaoaatohioii fat ha wna thaa a foung 
 
 ■d had ao aaad akhar of hoaa w or 
 
 Thaaa wha a ft aiaa a da panbaaad 
 
 Jid ikaw fooad aU tha doon 
 
 tha MnMid hollabaiaff toaa dL 
 
 (•) BIltB' Lattai% ZIL 
 
 Thay aatand aad aaniad away ail 
 thay waniad. Othara loak awai dta wia* 
 dow fkniaaa IWmb tha gvaaariaa, and bid 
 thaoi in tha atrawi and thua did maaj 
 othara with other thlima, for lavaral look 
 all tl-a iron thafi raouinad. wlugh ihay 
 would not bay wlian tha gantry and 
 aoldiary had takan poaaaaaion of tha abuKb. 
 Thon who hid tha laad in tha atraw, took 
 away alao tha aania flron tha choir whara 
 Iha aonka uaad to att during tha otBoaa, 
 (thay wara aimilar to tha caihadrala). Thaaa 
 aaata wara bumad togathar with tha laad, 
 although tkara waa abundanaaof wood with* 
 Is '« abort dialanaa, aa tha abbay waa bttiH in 
 thamldwofaibraal. In thaaa aolitudaa thay 
 had eoneaalad tha pawter raaaala aloUa 
 Ikom tha nMMtka, ao that than wara nana ao 
 aaaloaa in robbing tha raiigioua aa thoaa 
 vary panona, who. two daya bafora, had 
 aaaiatad at Maaa in thair church. In proof 
 of what I hart Juat aMarte<i, I ahatl bara 
 nlnta what I haard from my father i iblrty 
 yaara aftw tha aappiaation of Iba raiigioua 
 houaaa. I aahad bioi, thoogh ha had par- 
 chaaad tha fIranM-worh of tha chureh and 
 Iha building, if ha had a lavounbla opinion 
 af tha raligfaMia aad tha raligion which Ihny 
 pniMaad." 'Yaa.' ha lapliad, 'inr 1 had 
 ao nnaoa ta Ihiah ill of tham.' " Wall." 
 njaiaad I, ** but how waa it thai yoa aidad 
 In robbing and daalraying naa of whom 
 yoa bought aa ill" ' What oould I dof 
 Had I aol avary lii^ to pioll with ny 
 naighhanra by tha apoBi of tha abhay. I 
 aaw that avary tUag waa baiag aarviad 
 away, and I did aa anry oaa aka did."'(») 
 
 (k) lOia' Latlam, III. 
 
 CHAFTER XXXIU. 
 
 THI Dl^lTH OF KATHA»lNE.-»lUft. 
 
 gadUUn.— Kadutftaa rtqoaati pa w i lari o a to ohanga htr raaidanea.— Scat to FoAariagay Oaida.— 
 Uanry'a agnla.'vKaaiarin^a diatNM.— Klmboltoa.— A mw piaaa of mi- 
 
 "»i«h . _ 
 
 i|» llM Qoaaa.-^'Flraah triaic—Oealh of Faihar Ponmt.— KaOMaiB* lakaa ( 
 WMly. m. Vaaamti to laa Vary aa« !• rritaM»4.^Tba Oa^aiam o< WUk>Dgl(by viitu tha Qaaaa 
 aabr daath-bad.— Qar laat ■MMMnia.-Hw wUL^Bar Amaral. 
 
 tha warn oaa of GhalOt: tail at Q■MBwill^ 
 wMiaviaw ta aBaaiwaia har aadi it waa 
 laaolvad tot>y»aalkctpf<>a || a<# fn f ti i 
 atnoaphan of' LteadUidttPib aad at aa 
 af taitan. Ink pikoa 
 
 Wa laft Kadtariaa at Baekdan, «ha fbggy 
 atmoaphwa of wUali w^ gndaaqy «ada»- 
 aetaibf Imp covdiaitlq*. Ttai laalth of 
 tUa danghlar of 8p^wodd bara raquliad 
 Aa baa lit of \m aathra ■oaatala rir aad 
 
t tank swill ik* mUh 
 m gnattim, m4 hkl 
 
 utd UiiM did iMBj 
 iim*. for Mvtral took 
 miiMd. whiuk ikoy 
 •B tho ■•nUy tod 
 MOMion of iha cbitfcb. 
 Md in tb« atnir, took 
 Itrom Um choir wkor* 
 Mdwinff Um otBoM, 
 iha cMhadrala). ThoM 
 oflMlMf with (ho iMd, 
 uadaaooof wood witk> 
 
 tho tbboy wm boilli* 
 In tboM Mlitttdot lliay 
 pawtor TtMok tloU* 
 Mt lh«r* woro aom m 
 ^ folicioua u tkoM 
 two dojri boforo, had 
 liair church. In |>roof 
 
 aMorted, I ahail hara 
 lom mj falhari thirty 
 action of Um laligioMa 
 I, tboogb ba bad pnr- 
 irk of Uia churoh and 
 id a favourabtaofiaion 
 ba lallf ion wbicb UMgr 
 ba lapliad. 'ierl bad 
 i of Umb.' " WaU." 
 ' wao ii Uut fM aidad 
 vogfinf aao of whom 
 
 'What ooold Idof 
 |b» to pioil wiUi mj 
 idb of tbn nbhay. I 
 Iff waa batag auriad 
 alMdid."'(k) 
 
 Lattaw, ^^1 
 
 to Fothariafay Oaattc— 
 I.— A o<*w piaM of laii- 
 
 llougbby MtHa tba Qm« 
 
 KW^: Iwt •« QiMBwM. 
 iMMa har «idi Uma 
 
 f toitofB, kv ikInb 
 
 iiw i M>ii>»i W iw i » iii^a>»wiMliiMAfa 
 
ll«r 
 
 Iha 
 
 i'oni 
 
 iur|i 
 
 btfo 
 riiihi 
 mon 
 b«ul 
 Myli 
 ««K« 
 fiirn 
 hn* 
 whtc 
 
 l«f^ 
 inm 
 b«Mi 
 ibM 
 tba < 
 farii 
 
 M¥ 
 
 \\ 
 
 the 
 
 attt 
 
 B 
 
 ■lui 
 
 Nui 
 
 and 
 
 h»n| 
 
 nco 
 
 •itcri 
 
 dMt 
 
 her 
 
 d«ci 
 
 in a 
 
 Ton 
 
 y«t 
 
 Dohi 
 
 Mar 
 
 pirn 
 Ood 
 K 
 Buc 
 Kaui 
 inet 
 low 
 unb 
 royi 
 bun 
 
ura Of ■nn mi. 
 
 «M iMdt lk« MUM 0f frw|iMM tatrurion. 
 ll«r pr4v««]r «M afain lnlra<l«il oa b/ 
 tha ap^WMMic* ol two Hi«h<»|M, Lm and 
 raiwtoU(*) Wa kava m laMon lo b« 
 iurfirUatl at anj action coaimiitad by 
 L«a I but TufMiaii. who a iVw jrava 
 bafora had ao glorioualy ilcfandad tha 
 rlnhu of tha Churab, uunbl to hava artaaad 
 nora «oai|Maaion for • wnniMi. WIhM 
 buainMa had Ihaaa rojral maaaaimara la aa 
 aayluin tacrad to nmt t Th*y will tbaoi. 
 •aUaa eoaamunicau it to ua. " Wa hava !•- 
 fiirnad bar that aha muat no kMigar cnll 
 hanalf tha hiag'a wifa, ainaa tha bnada 
 which unitad bar to Your Uraoa hava baa* 
 lagalljr diaaolvad ( (tha diaj^atah wm id- 
 draaaad lo tha Ua( t) thai tha priM* haa 
 baaliiwad hia haad on Anna. Boiaf n, aiU 
 that Uaavan, Ood ha praiaad, haa blaaaad 
 tha artddlnn And Katharina hanawa in* 
 farialad, and told ua thai aha vaa tbn wilii 
 and Ml Um auhjael ol tha kkna, and that 
 iha would banr tha litla aha had racaivad 
 at tha alter nnlU hn> daalh."(»: 
 
 Erttj hoar of tha d«f bvoiKkt aoma 
 alarmiag iataUiganca lo Bu^dna. Tha 
 Nun of Kant, who had ptnrad oMminff 
 and avanlnn for Iha pfftaonar, had baaa 
 hanged I Iha Cbrthuaiaa prior whA had 
 laeoaiaMndad bar at Ihe holy huI wrful 
 •actifloo of tha ahar, bad alao baaa pot to 
 daath al Tyburn I n«bar» wba bad MmmM 
 bar in Iba ftirj Coai.aU. bad boau 
 dacapttatad i Mora, vboa aha dalWblad 
 in oaUioff km frland. bad baaa bab«adad at 
 To«r«r HiUi and vbalbairowadbarbaart 
 jrat oMiw vat, tba( Iha wn^aiitj of tbn 
 DobiUljr bad ap a ai n rt aed . How woaM 
 Maty a«l« b««<l M.tba ma bjr apoauia 
 priaala I Wanld aha jriaU. and baliay bar 
 Ood and bar molbarl 
 
 Katbariaa fall ibal aha «m djrinff al 
 Bttckdan. Sha anald addranaad bar rojal 
 KBolcr^*) and tha Uaf, woariad bjr bat 
 ineaaiaal aoaphdala, aadartd Gioaawall 
 to aand h«r to PolbOTinfay Caalkb Mm Boal 
 unbadibjr plan bi all Bagiaad. Wbaalba 
 royal ordar waa broagfat to bar, Kadbaciaa 
 burat into, laan, aad dadaiad titel •ha 
 would valf ba takaa Ibal* wilb a baMar 
 round bar aaok. Htorj vaa dnterariaod 
 to ba o b ^ H l iMMdia^r tta Dnka of 
 
 
 Baflolh waa aaal to aaa thai hia ordan 
 vara put into aiaMiilaa. Ha thua arrtlaa 
 frooi Buflkdan lo tha lluka of Narfolk. a 
 naiabar of tba Prtvy ('ouncU : — "i hav« 
 OMl har« wtih tha moal oliaUnala wooms 
 Ihal avar tiiiiMi. Wa ahall \m obllffad 
 to uaa fbrea lo ramoTa bar to tt-Tniranaa 
 What ara wa to do r Wa waM iha hiag^ 
 good plaanura. . . . Wa bnva had toinMaaa 
 Iruuhia in making Kalharlaa'a alUndaato 
 laba Iha aav 0Mh."(') 
 
 Hot, <M Katbaftoa act whaa tbaa Ma 
 BMatad by tha rojral eooualaatoaara f Iba 
 tnoto to tha Popa, bagging bla to aaapaad 
 Iba aaalanea of uconinunioation wbiab ba 
 iraa praparad to hurl againal Haary i and 
 Paid III., naovad by aaah irua aaagnaailntly, 
 aacordad fraab dalay to tha gadty atfva^ 
 raiga.(*) Attbaord«rofthaeoaBiaatonaa% 
 ail bar aarvanto warn aaaamhhKi to baar • 
 aaaaaaga from tha king; U waa laqaliad 
 that thay ahould aohnowlodga, undav pain 
 of baing aapallod froaa Buokdan, Iba royalty 
 of Iha woman who ibaa aharad Iha kiag*! 
 ertueh i but Kaihartna, IB aa aha wai^ 
 maaagad to gal aa Ihr aa Iba eounaU «baab« 
 tooppoaathaaalb. In Tala did bar almoa«p, 
 au bla knaaa, baaaaeh bar to ylaM to 
 aaaaaaHy i aba tbiaatonad vllb bar aag«r 
 IboM arho abauld laka Iba oalb. aad aaah If 
 Iba aMyaaly «f MlafMtaaa. thai KalbarfaM 
 ««aobayod.()) ThaeommiaaionarawUbndl* 
 ba mada aeqnaialad with tba nauMa ftf ibd 
 partiaa that anaooiagtd bar in ihia apbM 
 of tabalHoa. Sonaa ona BMnnlioaad btt 
 otaaplalaa, Abal and Barkar, who waia hoflt 
 aauintonffdbaforBlbaeoamiaaiaaara. Thaf 
 plaadad guiMy. acknowladgiBg that, fei' 
 Ibair opinion, tha axila aluna bad Iba liglil 
 to Iha bomagaa and titla of Quaan. 
 
 Sir Bdmand BadlngMd waa appoiatod 
 govaraor (or lalhar a fpy) orar Kalbaiiaa^ 
 booaa. Tbia BadiagMd raklad to Iba 
 Prlry CooooU all Ibal ha baartf or «w 
 —^oapbilato and mormuia, prvw* id 
 toara. A lattor from Ihia goalav bM baaa 
 pnaarvad, wbarain ha writea that KatlMriaa 
 bad raqnaolad, aa a fhvonr, to bava aaair 
 brr hw coafoaaor, bar phyabiiaa, hir 
 apothecai^, two torvnqta, aad aa laaajr 
 iMaadaala a» hia Banltoiy wnidd 
 
 f«) MiM SifiahlMd. lYi, tM. 
 m Oaid. PohM late. 
 (OB&l..»nfcm#klOi. * 
 
 •,J!. 
 
'!;! 
 
 0t4 
 
 Lira or mihmt vtii. 
 
 
 't 
 
 •Uew. pravbUd ikaf look tli« <Mkli of 
 •lUiiiMM* Mlf III 1^ kiM ••><! tiMir 
 
 U MMthtr plaM, " •n<l nf •pKherarjr an 
 ■r coanirrnMni Iba ktnff Iiimw* ih«n m 
 wall M I do I tliax >>•*• alway* b««n In mjr 
 HtvlMl lh«7 hava MtandiMi m* IB all ajT 
 tllmaaaa. aiwl ihty thall nontinua to do to 
 1 1 kMg aa inf pour boUjr iMlunna to Ihla 
 (^Mtk. But If ihtf aaraar aUa«tanoa to 
 ikotkar baatdaa myaalf. I ahall ba no lon|i«r 
 ■blatolniattoatiiiglaaoul. Tha kinn. from 
 • fialUm of olMrUjr, or, parka|ta. in rain«m< 
 hnmm «f tkat lova wbtah fornMrljr uniiad 
 p, Mid wlllak arar Uvaa in mf hawt, will 
 gnat mf patltioa." Tha phxaMaa aad 
 IIm apothacMy wata pamlttad to raoaalB 
 wllh Ktharina. bat kar eonfcaaor, Abal, 
 irat dlamiaaMl.(k) Tkla aapanuiou i^m fbH 
 4mfif kjp tka quaan, baanuaa, aa «* ara lokl 
 by t«aaa«, tkla priaat undaratood and apoka 
 tha Spatil'h iMHuaff*- ^'tbar Porraat, kav 
 fclMii eonfaaaor, ma in priaoo at Nav- 
 flHta^. for bariBg daMonead Uaarjr'a ■*!> 
 H^pi vtlk A«M Bolajra Arom tka pulpit. 
 Tiwy W W ao a pta t aly aoaplaaaad al Oraas- 
 
 wW>. torU waa a a r ytokaw a dltaetof 
 
 Ibf^ vMld Ml ba •baoabMH t« tka bluff. 
 •• AOhmi tiM Biabep af UawUf. la Ik* MM 
 Ikul vUl aoit your a^aaty." aaid tha royal 
 •MiMbNiMMri «k«la»tbBklMidpradMl 
 |VlMt,Mid wUl aMUy pnmU M KatkariM 
 to Infa Baakdaai bat If aba raaiala tm4 
 wfB Ml okay ktaa. wkM ia to ba dona, U^ 
 M wo baHeva, aka will vo to bad and raf oaa 
 %B diOM kaawtf to follow uafX*) II waa, 
 Indaad. a gfatriow tkiim f f i .«U to 
 kn« 1 Mwnpkod ovat Iko tht^^ni <ii». lOl 
 iIm* ont woro a arowa. T ^ 'v; td 
 Khnbohw Caatla. wHk ... 
 •«• aol aogoalntod. Ikouffk It* 
 WM paawMarly aoidoua to 
 pMOpi>.(<) 8ko waa takoa Ikoro bi ISU, 
 or IMQOb wkick aba oagkt to karo fMrivil 
 •aiaaally, m tko widow of Ai«kar, Plteoo 
 •r Walaa. aka acaredy kad OM-iawtk. It 
 
 (•) A*d tkM Ikay wmiM iaka ao aalh, bat 
 «alf tolkakk^aadlo bar, bottoaoaa oikar 
 PHvy Comiell. adltad by Sir Mania 
 
 MtaatWkUaad,IV. ISA. 
 Wkat to do if aka p ai ak l al k bi kar ak- 
 tkat aba wUl wo mmIt diiak, for 
 la kar wUMaaaaika any ftll iltM aadjuap 
 bar bod, lalkatBt to pat an bar r 
 OavMOIb. 
 (^ ^wyd. Bfit>, luSr Sftikaiiba> 
 
 ! iilatkao Mry 
 
 kapiwaad ofWa, (twr Idoiuad BadiagAaU 
 la our authofttf), tbat iha d«U||biar ol 
 Pardlnand iba Calbolle waa wilhwut aa 
 •nual. 
 
 Tlia i]UMin'a povtrtjr waa no •aorai | and a 
 paaaant harinn on* day duf out of tba aartli 
 a Irtaaora naar Oranthan '^oniitllng of a 
 vaatal AlltMl with money ^nd pr«< ' •uaatooaa. 
 brauuhl It to K ^ ' arm', la oiiirr tbat aba 
 might ba«a aon tthln to lira op i but It 
 waa aolrod by IkdinN.uid and aaothar apy, 
 (Vaoi.l ) .^a lilng'a iiamaC/ Katbariaa 
 waa iiiluitited, at Kirabolton, of tlia impri* 
 aonmant of Fatbar Korraal, at Nawgata. lia 
 bad baan thrown Into tbla dan of robbara 
 anl Burdarara for tba aaka of KatbariM. 
 Ha would nol awaar to tba Aol of Suoaao* 
 aloa, aa bla qoaan waa bla panltant, and 
 ba woald aekaowladga no olhar. Afbctad 
 to taara by tbla aol of fldallty, to erually 
 puaiakad, Katbariaa aought to conaola bar 
 apiftioal fatkar by writing him tba following 
 laMar, wkaratn aba at oaoa akowa kar f aalinga 
 aa a woouta aad bar kaart aa a Chrlaliaa i— 
 "lovaraad Patbar, yoo baro aaaiatad ao 
 laaay witb your advioa wbaa ia dlAaully, 
 that yo« raaaot ba igaoraal of wkat la 
 now raifalrod of you ia tka atrogula yoa 
 ara akout to antar iato for Ika aaka af 
 Jaaaa CMat. If yoa aoibr fot a abort 
 lima witk ooMtaaey, yoa haow tkat yoa 
 will bavo gatnad iauaortal glory, aad e•^ 
 taialy yoa woold ba davoid of r aa a o a la 
 raooaaoiaC ao graal a raward to avoM a 
 Uttlopahi. How ba pp y ara yoa la kaowiag 
 Ikaar Irolha. aad aoArlag priaoB and daalk 
 for Iko aaka of Ood| bol bow oakappy 
 aoi L yow aplrtt»a; daogklar, b latttag 
 ■lyaa r a aaaaow of trial, abool to bo 
 daprirad of tba advloo of ao daar a Iklkar 
 la Jaooa Ckriat! Ok tkal I eonl4 fea I 
 kata kUkarto dooo, dlaooror to yoa Iko 
 Boaral of o^ kaart I daolaia to yoa tkal 
 I daaira to foUow yoa to daath, or to aa^ 
 flipatoyoora by Biyowa. Tkara ia ao paia 
 tkat I woald aol aacapl, provided 1 moid 
 da aa wiibool oAadiag Ovd, to wkoaa 
 holy wUl I aakiail oiy owni for wbat 
 •koU I do aftar Ika biaa of tkoaa of 
 tka worid ia aol worlkjl Bat 
 I aoi aol rigkt la apaaklat thoti 
 aad aa it aoOM that Oad kaa atkar darigaa, 
 
 yow foAaiaffa from Joatta GhrlittlMl iMy 
 
 (•) friHwt W Fi gsKsafc 
 
Ihal iIm <Uu4(kiM ul 
 ikullo «M withuul u 
 
 irtjr wu no Moral t •mi » 
 (Ujr ilu4 out of the Mnh 
 inlkaii "«n«Ulliig of • 
 >n«y And pr«> ' <ii« tlonM, 
 irin^, ta oiiitr thai th* 
 hin lo llvi UP I but 11 
 nN.uid and snuthw tpj, 
 I't ii»iiM.(*/ Kathwin* 
 iratMilton, of tilt tm|irt- 
 Korraal, al Nawiala. U« 
 ilo tkia dan of rubban 
 tha aaka of KalharlM. 
 IT to tbo Aol of Suoaaa- 
 I waa kia panilani, and 
 d|{« no olhar. Aflbotad 
 i of fldaUtjr, ao erually 
 na aouKht to coaaok bar 
 rrillnK ^^"^ ^ fwltowtng 
 kt onoa ahowa bar faalinga 
 r baaft m a Cbrlatlaa i— 
 • yott hava laaia t ad ao 
 via* whan ia diflaullr, 
 « Icaofaot of wbal U 
 ou la tba alra(||la jro« 
 r iato Ibr tiM aah* ol 
 yoa aafbr for a Ami 
 if, foa baew that yon 
 uaartal fflory, a»d mh 
 \m davoid of Naaoa ia 
 al a raward to avoid a 
 ifpjrara fott ia liaowiaf 
 
 M| b«l bow aaliappf 
 u. daochtar, b imMa^f 
 a of trial, abovt to ba 
 Ivloa of ao daar a Ibtkar 
 Ob Ibal I eould. aa I 
 «, diaeovav to jo* tba 
 , I daolan to joa tbal 
 vm to daath, or to aatt- 
 rowB. TWa ia no ipaia 
 ■capl, prairidad i eoold 
 iMdiag Oud, to wboao 
 tit my own I for what 
 tha looa of thMO of 
 la not vorlhjt Bal 
 rinbl ia apaaUaii IImhi 
 It dad baa achat dariRaoi 
 »tf, aad obtaia ipMO bj 
 ai JoMta GlwtMtlMi iwy 
 
 itvn 09 HMRi vtn. 
 
 aoon follov fo«. and fil tbal I wtmf tbara 
 tn your Iwtlf irteJa and gloriooa coiniMMa- 
 It la lb* Uu hanadklinn ibal I aak of fou 
 In ihla wurld | but whan fiiu ttiAll hara 
 won iha crown of linmortaJltjr, I 9nffa<?i 
 from jou a f rtaiar iirofuaioo of Rraea. I 
 tboubi, Indaoil, ba Intuiilnf your oourafa, 
 ami (ha habli of Nt. francU whlnh yon 
 hara worn ainca jrour eblldhoa<i, wara 1 lo 
 aihort fwu lo look forward fur an lneon< 
 parabia raward, and for Ika attaining of 
 whioh, aaitkar triala nor Iroubla ihuuld ba 
 ronaldarad. Ifuwavrr, rloea (k« ifraataat 
 happtnaaa of man ooptiau In aiUfiring for 
 Ood, I ahail aot aaaaa to t'ftr my laara, atf 
 prajrara, and wy panaaeaa. tkat /on maj 
 oblaia a kapp/ daath aad iha •tamltj (MT 
 Rlorir. Adlau, Ravarand Pathari tklok of 
 HM in kaavan aad on oartb. Aman." 
 
 '11m aaiailf ralifloua waa anablad, bj 
 bribing ona of bia guarda, to aand ika 
 following rapljr lo Katbarina i— " Madam, 
 and my looat balorad daugblar in our 
 I/<»rd. Ona of jrour oflUtra liaa giran ma 
 your Bi^ty'a I«lt4r. It baa not only 
 ooaaolad ma la mj aorrow aad oontlnual 
 npaotaiioa of daatb, but it baa atrvngtbanad 
 my cooatanoy i for allkoogb I am f^Uy par- 
 luadad Ibal aotliiag la tbia world oan ba 
 eomparrd lo tbo glory wbloh Ood baa pro- 
 parad Ibr ua, if wa flgbt gaaarooaly. yat I 
 f«al (bat your worda. ao fnJl of eharity. bara 
 rtnawad In my boart a eoalompi for auf- 
 (•ring, aad a lova for baavaoly thinga. 
 Thay bava iavigoralad my aou], wblcb waa 
 alarmad at bar owa woakaaoa aad na- 
 worthioaaa. M^ Jaoaa Qiriat, ay Ulovod 
 daoghtor, raward your bindnaaa aritb aa 
 atarnlty of gloiy and bappinaao I I baaaaeb 
 you b> aariat mo with your prayara in tha 
 itruggia I am about to aniar. If you do, 
 u I know you will, whatovar owy bo tbo 
 Mvarity of ngr aufbring. do aot diatraal 
 my oooaUBoy. It would bo atraagt , aad 
 iadaod wroog, for aa old man lo bo 
 (Hgbuaod M aaaily ao a eblld i for a man 
 of aiaty^onv to faar doatb, aad fcv aa old 
 dlaetpla of St. Prawria, who baa taagbt ma 
 to daapiaa tba oartb. to bo doirioat in tba 
 bra lit baavan. For you, ay daar daughtar 
 in Jaava Cbria*. ttviag or daad. you abaU 
 vm bo proaoot ii ay alikl, and I ahnll 
 pray tko CM of aei^ to pour oaA bia 
 graroa aad aoaaolattoao ou you ia pwportiou 
 
 to your aofkriflga i ytt I antroal you to 
 
 radoubU your (irafar* whan I abnll ba in 
 the midal of my trial* I tand yo*i my 
 rwaary i I bara no lang«r anjr aoad f^tr it, 
 aiaoa I luaa but tkraa iIaji mora |a Hra, at 
 laaal, ao I am lol<i.(*)" 
 
 Thay wara not far out of their raoboniri« 
 at Oraonwich. Kii*ttioltoa wm ilaattnad to 
 b« Iha laat raatiag-plaoa Aw Katharina, 
 Klmbollod, wilb lia dam|) •lima, wa« 
 aoun la ovvrouma iha qua«n'« olMtinacy^i<) 
 ll waa fSu«tiM-hio <'hapui*,(<) dootor of 
 canon and oivil law, aad Hpani«b amhai^ 
 aador at Graanwich, who waa tha drat to 
 diaoovar and maka known Ika quaon'a alalo 
 ot kaalih. ('mmwall thouKhi of diagrarinif 
 Ilia royal a|iy, aa Hit Ktlmund kad not aatd 
 a word lo hia amployar of Katharlna'a 
 tllaaaa. Tbaapydidnotavantokathairoublo 
 In Jualify hlmaalf i— " If ha h«d know* 
 notkii;g, it waa owing lo ht« karing dlo< 
 cbargad hia duliaa al Kimbolton loo faiilk» 
 fuUy I for at tk« oaatla avary thing waa kapl 
 a aanat (Vom hira "{*) But ka immadlalaly 
 qoaatiiinad iha Mpaniab phyiioian. Tbo 
 docttir ■hook hia band, and rapiiatl i " tbal a 
 braalh ot wind migbl laka bar off at any 
 roomant.'' Ha »iaba<l Katbarina to odl ia 
 anolhar pbyaieian, but aha rapliod, " Wbol 
 good will It ba 1 1 plaoo myaalf undar tbo pro>' 
 toctbn of God."(«) Whan aba Mt. by tbo 
 icy coldnaaa of har faat, that bar hurt kour 
 waa at kaod, Katbarina lookad around ibv 
 bar daugblar Mary, and not aaaing bar,' 
 oallad bar by noma, but tba child raptkrf 
 aot to bar roothar'a volra. Than tlw 
 mothar, almoat in har laal agoay, b aooug^t 
 Haary to allow bar to ambraeo Mary fai 
 tbo laat tima, to blaaa bar $n aba diad i bul 
 tba prayar of tha motbar aad oblld wara 
 not baard.(') Tboa dmally diaappoinlad, 
 abo diotatod tba following loltar to boc 
 bnabaad t— " My lord, aad ay woU-bolovoA 
 
 !■) Sandara. 
 k) Aai(oailonooaaid«radtakaTakaaapai» 
 tioulariv doxiooa to har haalUi.— Kaoyc. Brit. 
 
 (•) 8haka^aaN,ia Haary VIU.,oallabi«. 
 Capuoin*. 
 
 (') That bk ftdaUty la asaoating tbo ordaio 
 of tha king raadarad Um ao ItToufila wltk Ibo 
 lady dawanr.— gtata Papan. 
 
 (•) I wiU la no wiaa karo any otkav 
 pkyaidaa. but wbeUy ooouait ayoali to tha 
 nlaoaaroof Ood. 
 
 (') PoUAgaL 
 
n 
 
 Lira or nwKMT nit. 
 
 11 
 
 t): 
 
 1'^ 
 
 ' 'I- 
 
 ::i: 
 
 v1^ 
 
 ■pouM, the hour of nyj dMth b at b'uid, 
 and I cm now tflvt juu n> other avid me* 
 of mf love thwi that of wuaing yon tt^at (h« 
 Mlvifion of your aoul luould bo of grottor 
 rkliio- in J01U tjn than the periahabls 
 thinge of this world, or the care o' thie 
 mortal bddy, for which you have caueed 
 me at much pain In thia world. I pardon 
 jrou, and p?*y God to pardon you. I 
 leeommend to ^-^ care Mary our daughter i 
 
 b« kind to bar God ia tny witneaa 
 
 at tlili moment, that nothing would give oio 
 grmMr happiheoa than to aee you."(») 
 
 Thia letter, of which a copy waa aeqt to 
 (ha ambasaador of Chariea Y.,Q>) reached 
 dif Idng on the 30th December. Hia eyea, 
 ft la lald, wer« fiUed with teara aa he toad 
 H; biit wa have no greater confidence in 
 the teara of Henry than ui the meaaeager 
 whom he diapatched to oontolo tha dying 
 Katharine. The news of Katharina'a dan- 
 l||ei«laa atau waa aoon bruited about Lon- 
 doin, and raatohad tha cara of a noble lady 
 iHio* bad aooompanied the Infimta when a 
 young uidden, ahe left Sprin and bar fiM;her 
 and mother, to marry Arthur, Prince of 
 trUe). The Counteaa of Willooghby 
 WItiiott letting any one know of W plana, 
 hi^diately atarted for Kinbotton. The 
 ^^•ither wai exceedingly cold, and the 
 ioada ban. What matterto thiU aagell 
 Shejofired in the evening of the lat of 
 Palmary, at tha Ciaatle, wimi out by hunger, 
 eoUi. and MfpaM, and hit body much 
 bniUedliy nfdl wUeh tha had mat withi 
 1kiMi#hit1nBttcrt Bha aaked to aea tha 
 ^ENnraRirDadieaa," for aba waa obliged 
 ibyia bar eonaeieneB, inorder to obtain an 
 i^M^^ with the dying wouurii whom aha 
 ibbUd iooB cdl her ^uaan and her mistreaa. 
 > fitilhwiMid waa nnwilUng to aOowhar 
 10 Intti Kttdteriiu'a nan without an order 
 ftori tiU kiiig. flha hsd an order, aha 
 nid, wUla warning herealf near tha fire, 
 ghfd' would ahow it to-oiorHwr, iriian aha 
 riMbld hm aaan Kefharina, aa ttaaa waa of 
 <pniai)nenea. She h»dbaeii t|M, while on 
 bar way, that aha would cnly find » «old 
 «A'laBiii«MiSa corpse oa bar anrhralat 
 KtebkilUm. Her pdayara ««*a ao s an sast 
 4iiltmiding9«U int <»f«reoni|, Qod ba 
 fuimil< |ao W aafr har ^MaaA'a b^,* 
 
 ^] 
 
 DHiaid. 
 
 aha praesas her hand, leans over tha dying 
 woman's mouth, who aeems animated by 
 the aeceata uf her mother tongue, whose 
 muslo gently puU the soul ready to taks 
 her flight hence.(«) The countess had no 
 ktter,(<i) Mud the spy repented when it was 
 too Ute of having allowed himself to be 
 duped I but how could be get her away 
 from Katharine's bed i 
 
 EufUchio Ohapuis, the Spanish ambas. 
 
 aador. arrived on the and January at Kim- 
 
 bolton, and proceeding at once to tha dying 
 
 queen'e room, epent a quarter of an hour 
 
 with her. She wss perfeOtly senaibla at tiie 
 
 time, and oonveraeid in Spaniah much to 
 
 tha annoyance of BadingOald, who did not 
 
 understand a word of that bmgnaga.(«) 
 
 He trusted that Mr. Vanz, hia coadjiltw, 
 
 would be more fortunate u ha apoke it; 
 
 but at five p,m. the quean deairad to have a 
 
 private interview with the ambaaaador. 
 
 Lady Willoughby waa alao ueoa^nally by 
 
 her bedside, apaaking and ooraforting her 
 
 in the language of afll»etiob.(0 Four days 
 
 wan spent in graat anxiety i the physMaa 
 
 waa not without hope < a few raya of sun 
 
 might prolong Katbaritta's lift, but the son 
 
 did not make its appaarance.(i) Her chest 
 
 baeama more troublaaoma^ her tongua loet 
 
 ita power of artioubtion. and from time t6 
 
 time gave ottarance to a fitw tnartiadato 
 
 aoands. The prieat navw left; Katharine, 
 
 and on tba 7th, adminiater«d to her the 
 
 last aaeiamanta of tha Holy Chonb. On 
 
 the arth ianoH7, BedingflUd, who never 
 
 bfk her room,' thna wrote to the eoort: 
 
 N Thk mnming about talk o'dock, my Lady 
 
 Dowager received tha holy oUa. and at two 
 
 p.m., hair aoul retoraed to God..... We 
 
 have no money j aand ua 8oma.*'(^^ tt 
 
 waa at two p.m., (si^ a eontsmporary 
 
 writer.) that Katharine eiehaoRed the 
 
 (•) Miss (»trWd«nd, IVi UK— Thomson. 
 (A) We neither saw her again nor behsld 
 any of her letters.— Stnrpe. 
 (•) IHm StMcUand. IV.. 148. 
 (fV Mte Strickland, U>. 
 (C) The anmdment was. however, iUaiive. 
 
 m^eih Tth dqr of Jrannary, tfeM tw 
 nMk, tha lady di^Mar w^ en^^^tks 
 ha»»«yn»iwi«i .sia*_^*!^ »if ^#|.!| 
 
 tflK■'<4Mi^viini«■miWa4sM^ 
 Ohi9.HaMsatWs 
 
 1 
 
i, leuia oyvr lh« dyiag 
 rho M«int aniinktad by 
 mothir tongue, whoM 
 the Mml nmAj to Uke 
 The countflH had no 
 if Tepentad when it wu 
 ; allowed himaelf to be 
 sould be «e( her away 
 tdr 
 
 lit, the Spaniah ambaa. 
 le and Januairf at Kim- 
 ling at once to thft dying 
 It a qoarter of an houi 
 perfeMly aenaibla at the 
 sd in Spaniah noehto 
 MingAeld, who did not 
 1 of that ]Mignag«.(*) 
 [r.Vanx, hla coadjutor, 
 rtunate aa he apokeit; 
 ) quean deairad to hare a 
 with the ambaaaador. 
 VM abo ueoa^nally by 
 dn|t and oomfortiBg her 
 alll»etiob.(0 Four daya 
 ( anxiety i the phyaidaa 
 ipei a few r*ya of ran 
 Imriae'B life, but the eon 
 )pearanee.(*) Her cheat 
 tloaomok her tonfpta loet 
 lation, and from time to 
 ee to a few hiartienlato 
 at never left Katharine, 
 idiiiiiii>ter«d to her the 
 the Holy Church. On 
 Bediagfttld, who never 
 QB wrote to the court: 
 out t«t o'doek, my Ladly 
 thaMyoUa. andattwo 
 ttaroed to GkHl...<<We 
 aead ua aonM.*^^ tt 
 , (eiqra a eoniainponry 
 tharina nehamed the 
 
 ind, IVi UK— Th<wee». 
 
 ■aw her afaia nor beheld 
 
 -Stnrpe. 
 
 ind, IV., 148. 
 
 Hid, ib. 
 
 lent waa, howerar, iltaiive. 
 
 Kf of JalBMry, tteirt tn 
 DMiferwaaeMiMliM^tke 
 
 d wip i rf.- 
 
 MiteatoQod., 
 
 KfefH^i&g-^MW-* 
 
 vm 07 nurRT viii. 
 
 9*T 
 
 trouUea of thie world for the calm and 
 peaceful life of hearen t an earthly huaband, 
 by whom ahe had been divorced, for a 
 Heavenly One, who will never quit her, and 
 with whom ahe will reet in eternal 
 glory.(*) A imall drawer wae opened 
 wherein ber will waa kept ; in it Katharine 
 requakted " her good nattor " to allow her 
 to be burieJ in the Convent of the Obarr- 
 vantinee, (the Reformed Franeiacana,) of 
 which order ao many of the brethren had 
 received the palm of martyrdom t that good 
 toula ahould go on a pilgrimage for her to 
 Our Lady of Walaingham, and there pray (or 
 her 'n that chapel where ahe had prayed 
 for the euoceea of Henry'a arma againat 
 France ; and that they ehould on the road 
 distribute twenty noblea in her name to 
 the poor. She reqneeted that her gowna, 
 which Henry had kept, ahould be made 
 into omamenta for die Ohurch.(b) She 
 begged her huaband to giva the necklace 
 ahe had brought from Spain aa a part of her 
 wedding fren n eeu to W daughter Mary. 
 None of her frienda (they were indeed very 
 few) were forgotten, ehe bequeathed to 
 Mra. Blanche. £100; to Mr. Margery, £40, 
 and aa much to Mr. Whyller i £40 to Mra. 
 Mary, t^M phyaiovw'a wife ( to her ^yeioian, 
 a yeac'a aalary; to Fraoda niilipat that 
 fiuthful aarvant who rarried her l^tar into 
 Spain for her, £40 ; to each of the maidcM 
 in her houae^ £I0.(«) ' . 
 
 What mdantbiilf reflaetiona take poa«w^ 
 •ion «f r«ar mind a« w parupa thia :iprMl, 
 The daw(htar <rf IeBfUn«D<ljugi4,l«iNU» 
 pot alkw^taJnap^^rwid^nf ;»eeU«^| 
 Her gowa*^ which ^ lif^peatad^ llcwf, 
 had bean worn hf hfr.faa ,|Im inf^tafkn 
 proapari^. and «m now ^ b« aa^A .t§ 
 omamanta fcr dM olt^d wbwe harimn«Mn 
 would ba f|t;n«t I . inutt mas, who^ aa ^ waf 
 
 ■aid, >^A^i;4 <^ '■^''V*" •■^'"•liiM K>^^ 
 rina'a ,i^rt,]•ttar« pnrthongjbtof K|bbtn|| 
 
 die da«d. ill* iriibcfi to know if be com)4 
 &ot 9|ipNpiiatcb «a nyid property, thf 
 moiH7 *h^ aliahB4 lal|to,hiir«prvimti.(!^ 
 The Uac awlMI *«««ii» 9^t« Qaaeral, 
 
 fj^'iiaififkia. 
 
 Item it amy alaaaa dM Uac, my cood 
 lord, to caip dnmiMMmeota to be aiada of 
 ay gowrn^A la hohUtk 
 
 8 ST 
 
 Mm atrkklaadi^^Mn. Tkomem. 
 
 court "Take care, aire," replied the 
 lawyer I "the law prohibita yoor taking 
 poeMciion of Kathuine'e property. And, 
 moreover, to take poaseaaion of the da> 
 ceoaed'a property would be togivecmdenoe 
 to the erroneoua opinion that Kathaiba 
 was your wife. But there it a legal meaoa 
 whereby you may appropriate the property of 
 my Lady Dowager, i.*., to name the Biehop 
 of Lincoln adroiniitrator of all property 
 bequeathed by deceaaed in the dioceaa ia 
 which aha died. The biahop will appoint 
 eub-administratore, to whom you muet 
 apply for money to pay the dehto and 
 the funeral expenaea of the prinoeee."(*) 
 
 None of the wiabee of the deeeaaed wara 
 fulfilled by Henry. The king would not 
 part with one of Katharine'! dreaaea. With 
 the exception of Mre. Bliaabath Durell, 
 none of the legateea reeeived a ferthing 
 of the legadaa bequeathed to them by tka 
 toatatrix.(^) The body, inatead of being 
 buried in a Franciacan convent, waa in« 
 tarred in Peterborough Abb«y.(') Her 
 'grave waa made by Scarlet, who removed 
 her remaine fif^ jidn after to make nxMl 
 for the body of Mary, Quaen of 8cota.(k) 
 The aaerifioe of th4 Maaa wae offtred> lip 
 at Greenwich fbr the repoee of Katba4a«fi 
 •Ml. Theeourtwaaordctadto ha ptaMit 
 ha deep mourning, but Ann* BolajFakM 
 rieing the4 morning, draaeed iiw#4»^ 
 yelfow-gown, and nid to iMr-liAil^: 
 koiouiFr «No«r/ 1 4MI JaJM^ i i fm^ 
 
 . . (•) Ap^ tben that the king ikould reeejlTC 
 the property nrom those «ho admhuateTed, m 
 vtiStibknkoftitXt it to the peymatft'drher 
 debte aiidto the eq^euee of hav fo a tiah i 
 
 ' ^T^xtteeitrioUuid, 1. c, t tV.. p.^4C^ ' 
 (1) O&ntoti'a Hittory of PMii^nnj^. "' 
 (k) ><tkoaeon. 'The foUowiagtia a* 
 Ufa, latter 'frem Haniy to Gi 
 Lord Many, aad^wUe of Air _ 
 field ;~«TouwUrM (hat #i .. 
 
 I of the cUaf Mtomera. . :t. W* «iM««d> 
 lii|o«hp4hebaanr ftgiatafjMiw^ 
 
 yeoaaen, yarda ; and yen wtll W4 
 ttMiMbii bCl^rapaied bi ^oMi aril 
 aatertke lioM-.ew'ilbr ynuedf, we akall aaad 
 TOtt|%<^^i*iB,JWV»i|iUe, befere the *ij] 
 day. Given at our manor or Greenwii 
 10th JannaiT, l!i3». 
 
 (t) -Jthaf ihr'VM^ MtU »'«iMaa.-^'nNn- 
 aon.— Oardbtal Pelef>it h e i4 » « ri »g to»*h* 
 month of Abm Boleyn : > I am>a4fraalrr)f^ut 
 Am ia dead, but that aha died ao honourably. 
 
87t 
 
 LIM or ■RNKT Till. 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 V: 
 
 I 
 
 w 
 
 M 
 
 In M«Nti of rMl Jo/. KathuiM'i dMth 
 WM •rttj whan lookad npon m • gnat 
 ealamitj. A few toIom wwa baard to 
 nrarmnr Um word of poiioB^*) and Shakaa- 
 
 Hall hM Mid that th« oonrt of FruM, Um 
 eoMoaia of whioh AmMwoiM to Iuto adoptod, 
 jMlow, waa moaniBK ihia ia wroii|. In 
 Uw BriUah MuMum ia a Am M88., repra- 
 aanting in ooloared flgnraa tha Aimral of Anne, 
 Qaaaa of Britany. All tha ladiaa praMnt 
 waradfaaad la black. 
 
 (•) Tha nawia of th' old Quaaia daih hath 
 baaa ban divalgad mora than a daya paaaail. 
 
 paara waa d a a t i n ad , for waat of a priaat, to 
 proneonoa Kotharina'a funani oration. 
 
 IT not withowt 
 Uoioataolaaa, tat which aha waa inci«diblT 
 dara unto at OMn for her aood Aune, whlche ia 
 In (rite giorya among al exteriour naiiona. 
 Hio pal4m obloauntnr da morte Ulin*. ao 
 verentur da pneUA lagi* na brevi nian..M< 
 qut'ar. I aaaura yim men apakiih hara tragiol 
 of 'hla malera, whycha ia not lo be towohid by 
 letura.— Bdm. Hanral to Mr. Thomaa Starkay 
 from Vaaioa.— Mita. Oott., Nmra, B. VII., 
 P.1U&. 
 
 CHAPTER XXXIV. 
 
 DISORACB OP ANNE BOLBYM.— 1588. 
 
 Oaaamiaalan hiatitaled to daelde on tha prodigaey of Aaae Boleyn.— Tha indletmaat.— Anna ia bar 
 lalarior.— Dl^aleh Amn die Am b aaaader Oondar to the Admiral of Ftanea.— ^rreat of Anae't 
 aaaam p lleaa — Her impriaonmeat in tha Tower.— Oraamar raeaivea •aatel diapatehea from 
 Haary.— A latiar from tha Primate to the Kiag.— A aeaaa at tha Tower.— A letter ftma Anne 
 B ala jB loHeniy. 
 
 Oh tiM tStb April, 1U«, a onnmlaaion, 
 llfBiid of Lord Chanaollor Audloy, tha 
 Odkaa «r Norfolk and Snftak, tha Bmrla of 
 
 Ckmawnll. SocMtwy of Stat^ «•« 
 I of vHmnb wot* Jadgfib waa 
 vPMNdjr eoifanad at WaalailiMter,(*) hj 
 ^"ik* Ung'a ardor, toanaiBa into earlaia 
 jM— aiia«a hran)|h» agiiint tiw qtwon. Tha 
 aaaMillNv af irtiUi Anaa^a foihor via • 
 ■wJMiO) aalmowladtad that thira ariotod 
 avflMasI jwinif^lMii aridaBaa to ikecnaa 
 VMif'dwifhaf kwriaft had criarfnalaoa. 
 ■iiaKlun wkh BiaiaM, Nania, Waatai^ 
 •■•■n of Aa bad-chanhar, and 
 ai4 ^0 of ineeot with ho 
 Barl of loehfbrd. WiQiaB 
 •ppaaNd bofcra tha ooondl, waa 
 OB tha Mlh of April, and iauBadialaly 
 MOMwhtid to tha TmmJffi 
 
 Lai na hora eavof nlfy -oollael dl tha art* 
 daoca wUoh may oervato ArowH^ on «bia 
 iMpottunt Iriali oar dwn, hoiTotar, win ho 
 oal]r that of a daapla npaitar. Sandoia 
 Aonob UwiBfr all hopa of 
 
 llBB^Bii«h.Xo. 
 
 boarinf a otm to Hanry, who no longer 
 roaomUad that knight who had broken ao 
 many kneaa on tha Field of tha Ckith of 
 Gold with ffnuMia, raoolvad to ba amethar, 
 ovaa thongh aha ooawnHtad ineoal rith bar 
 hrotbor Gaorgai hot no fhiil aririag Arom 
 that erbaa, dia aharad bar ao«eh oltaih 
 natdjr with Norriib Brwaten, and Waaton, 
 ofleara of iha king*! botHdwIdi and a««r 
 dtciivad hi hor oipaetaMam, at hwt kviohad 
 harfmnna on Mark SoMMlon, ona of tha 
 rofal ■wiolriana.ff) Tha faidHolaMnt dio> 
 aavtrad hr Mr. Ttumt aniara hito ftwttiar 
 dataila t(*) tha fnt olbnaa, aoeording to hi, 
 waa ooauaitlidfai IdSS. On 6tii Octobar, in 
 tfwl yaar. Nonia took oortabi BbwrlSea il4tb 
 dia jonng wanutjif) who yieUad to hia 
 doofaaaonthaMth. OadMSthoTOaaMa- 
 bar, Brarotoa daelarad Mi loan far tha 
 
 qnaai^ who MtlaMd ta hfai, aod thvaa tina 
 
 after lawaadadbfaa at BaaqploaCSaail. m 
 
 Aaneia WaaMMi laiitlfad Uka 
 
 tha qoaaa, aflw ft dmrt 
 
 tbastb todM lOib of Maf. 
 
 a nn^ misMaB, l B ip la 4 ly% fpwft i* 
 
 (4) Sandtra, HiobScMMw Ai^i* 
 
 (•) M8S. Birtdw Mo. 4llt. 
 
 I*) MBS.ib. ,.^a£i^iWi 
 
d, for want of « priMt, to 
 rina't funtnl oimtion. 
 
 IUIt aot withowt (r«To«M 
 which iht wu iaendibly 
 >r her good dun*, whicho ia 
 long a •steriour nation*, 
 ntnr de mon« UUa«, ao 
 i lofi* BO bravi IIIMI..MK 
 iiu OMii qiakUh h«n tragiol 
 cho it not to bo towohid by 
 rtl to Mr. ThomM Starkoy 
 ». Omu, Nmt*, fi. VII., 
 
 I indlrtmnt— Abim la Imt 
 FtaiiM.— >ArrMl of Amm's 
 M MOTvt dit|Ml«hM from 
 >wtr.— A knar ft««i Anna 
 
 1 Henry, who no longer 
 Ight who had broken w 
 hn Fieldof dMCIoAof 
 rwolvtd to b« tmeibtr, 
 onmHlad incwl rHk Imt 
 at ao fhiil nrUag flron 
 band bar eo«eb altai>> 
 \, BmaCoB, and Waalon, 
 f* botiadioldi andovir 
 mi to Wtwi, atlaatkviahad 
 aik Bmmt i a m , o— of tb> 
 I) Tba IdHfltaMrt dia< 
 inMv (Blara htto ftwttiar 
 : afta w, aoeordinff to h, 
 aas. On 6tii Octobar. hi 
 Mk mndn Bbarliea iMtb 
 \jf) wbo yieUad to bit 
 . OathaMbarOaatai' 
 Biarad int wan far tka 
 d isbfaii and thnadni 
 1 01 noMploM Gonrli 8v 
 •tlftidliki kmunfnm 
 > aaon vtrnmrnp wni 
 
 flfHqr. 
 
 I tmpiMllgrt^ 
 
 «. ffnbhai, Ai^^ 
 Ma. . — 
 
 uva or hcnut nii. 
 
 970 
 
 April. I63S, battayad bia oMatar on 96lb 
 of that month. On tba Sod of Norambart 
 1530, an Inceatuoua propoaition waa 
 mada by tba brother, and granlad on tba 
 Sth of tbat month.'X*) Thefti myataiioua 
 inurviewa, in which tba ol|jaot aoema to hara 
 liran a vlotim a«ith«r of lova nur thA p«a. 
 aiona, for d tar the nocturnal randoaroiu the 
 lovara do not atom to hava a^ain mat, ara 
 grounda in Mr. Turner'a opinion to aup- 
 poaa tbat tba aeeoaationa ware fhlaa, and 
 only invantad by Henry to gat rid of hia 
 wiil(.(^) Ha aaka bow, b a court where 
 Anna waa anrroundad by anamica, Henry 
 waa not informed at an aariier period cl 
 ■uch glaring irragubuMaa. 
 
 Criapia do llibenra aaaerta. tbat a aiotar 
 of ona of the lorda of the Priry ConaoU 
 waa tba flrat to inform againat Anne.(*) 
 When rabuked for har irreguhrity, tba 
 lady'a rapljr waa tbat ba waged war againat 
 a poor little dove wbila tba ravana ware at 
 paaoa,(') and being pnaaad for an axplana« 
 tion, aha aeooaad the queen of a oriminal 
 connaKion aritb Smentoa, tba muaioiaB.(«) It 
 waa tba Couataaa of Roebford, a womaa of 
 bad rtpntatioa, wbo^ iaa ttof jaalooaj,da* 
 nouncad aa iaeaatnooa tba iatimaey batwaan 
 the brotbar aad aiaiar, i aa a m a eb aa aha bad 
 ■een blm eaa day rathar CuaiUai^ir orm tba 
 quaea'a bad.(r) Anaa waa aot happy i tba 
 kiug'a lotra for har had oeaaad aiaea bar 
 oheeke had oaaaad to be aa Aaah aa thay 
 onoa mnJit) In 1536, the quean waa, a 
 prey lo Ja^ouay or ramorae. Had Uanry 
 than eommeacad to aaapaet her idalityl 
 Waa ha aliaail|y tirad aad worn oat with 
 tba aacpae t atioB of aa hairf It ia eartya 
 that Aaaa biiama r aa tl ii i aad a pnj to 
 itflret tm», oc i ^ai to ia d aithai by bar aaa> 
 pieioa. or tha oattaiatiy of har haabaad'a 
 
 (•) MM. BIroh, Mo. 48«B. 
 (}J I hawe men danbt of ber erinrfaalHy 
 B)aee I mat with tMaaMaUMag 10001^ than 1 
 
 the dajt or aUMaiaant aad tha di^ of eAaoa 
 
 i^ 
 
 h* Ma 
 
 a giaat 
 
 Inldelity. But raoently aba had 
 dalirarad of a atill<bom 8on,(i>) owing to bar 
 having foiud Jane Seymour, ona of her 
 malda of honour, aitting on Haarj'a 
 kneea.(>) 
 
 In a diapatch trom tba Pkarich ambaaaa> 
 dor to the admiral ia tba followiog paaaaga, 
 which may throw a little light on the oauaa 
 of Anna Bolayn'a inquietude and anxirtj. 
 " I aaw bar much annoyed, complaining of 
 my baring alayad too long, inaamuch aa it 
 had ocoaaionad many doubu andatranga 
 thoughta in ber huaband'a mind i wheraoa 
 abe aaid it would be eaaentially nacaaaary 
 that you abould think of aomethiag to 
 radeam bar ebaractari for abe iaa^^iaaa 
 that her time of proapnity ia naariy aft aa 
 aad, aad ia in graatar tronbla than aha waa 
 befbn her marriagai aatraatiag aw to 
 baaeeeh yon to do aomathing ftur har, inaa* 
 much aa abo ia aot at liberty to apeak moaa 
 AiUy, oirtng to the fear tha ia in of ber aaid 
 lordi telling ma that aha ia aot allowed to 
 writa^ aor can aba atay long with att^whiek 
 kind of language anaoya me mndi. ...» 
 Aaanriag yoo. air, that aha ia maah tioaUai 
 ia conaaqnaaca of tha hiag'a aaapiaiMH 
 aad doabta. Sth Pabmary, lftsa."(i) Will 
 aot tbia diapatdi, writtaa that 4MiiMi|pki 
 aid na ia aadaralandiag tha 'lagofjt of tiw 
 dofa aad iha lavaa aboro rafmad iit> 
 Tha king had baaa fat laon tiiaa a yM» 
 ill at eaa% aad if tha dipiomatiat ia «•> 
 be cNdited. ha had aafleiaat rwaaaa far 
 hit aasia^. Thara ia aotbiag ao aharp- 
 rightad aa tha aya of aa ambtmjdaa, Mr' 
 the rtadaa baa aot, dbnbtlwa, 
 that it waa a etataaaaa^ aadar 
 of a biahop, who waa tha iiat to di»>! 
 eovar tha rayatariona w aiiiipafa * of Aaaa" 
 Boltya. Wa ahoaldeiadaad. ba i1i%lHMt: 
 
 tk) Mia Strickland. IV., m 
 m A contemporary foetgtireaaaottvi 
 •Mr the qnaen'a mitouHake :— 
 •* Adoaa la Key aP«a tdlMn t la ciMaw 
 Chant dn obaval radeaMat en ia pia«%' 
 Ocot I'oa cnydoitqne par caita adrentaro, 
 11 Aaoat payer la tribnt de aatare. 
 Qaand k BMUoaaat k aovrtfaaatewtnt^ 
 Pen ^ea iUllu qea ne dMwg ealaatea 
 Marte d'eaany. tant que tort et fpma 
 8«a lantnattte. atle ftnifet advoaea . 
 •"-'^'--fiihiiaikafMttimaE* • • ■ 
 
 (J)I« 
 
^If 
 
 n 
 
 HI 
 
 i 
 j 
 
 ! 
 
 860 
 
 LtrK or HBNBT Till. 
 
 •eold w« b«liev« that lh« qown wu ipitt^ 
 l«M of tb«M eriniM, but, without prejudicet 
 h»«r« we not every reaaon to anapeet the 
 fldeUty of one who, when Tery fonng, wu 
 80 clever in the art of coquetry M to 
 bwre eioited, by a ayateniatio oonraa of 
 oppoaition, the asalona of an amoroua 
 prineei who um pubUcly kept by her 
 toveri who conaented to expel from the 
 royal bed and throne one who had oooapiad 
 then quietly for twenty yearai who had 
 bMiidied Katharine from the court; who had 
 aeparated the child firom her mother i who 
 kaid atanpod on ttie mother'a brow the 
 nark of inceat, and that of baalardy on 
 tiM cbildi who, on the day of her YiTafe 
 teth, had appeared in a fbetal draee; a 
 traatora eompliBtely devoid of feelinge and 
 ■fleetiona of modeety r 
 
 Henry, howvrar, had nothing man thaa 
 hie title «f kbg* •»! pwW* deapol, to 
 lolaia tha aibetiona of a wooMin likn Anna 
 Bolayn. Thai fmaee^ eo haadaome in the 
 f i iUi ia Int paialed by Holbeiii. wae de. 
 taatabk ia IftSS. Hia face waa bloalad t 
 ka coold aeanety walk, at mooal on horae* 
 kadk OBleaa aarried in tha arna of hia 
 •MaadaaUt a long atraggfci with Room 
 had developed kia eimlerie leaipert ka 
 lad beeoBDab aiaoe tka ataeotioa of tka 
 Gwlknaiana, aiHpkiaaa aad tadtnmt aad 
 daay did tiiat Irtal bproay wkieh waa to 
 aawaama htaa (tow w«na aad worao. Tha 
 lafclaah TlbailBawaa aiBiotad wHk eaeeera, 
 nAidi he adKht ooneaal Uroa tka ayaa af 
 Om WNMi.kat tha aaMaeof aaaalliaff had 
 Jaaf aiaca' peroeirad IheiB. Kalkoriaa 
 alMMb iA kat vMoa, aaald kava, avan at tka 
 •gaof Aaaa Bolayn, aa weo a aa kar attaaal 
 
 iHfaaf .a naa wko kad baea aiimek. kotk: 
 ia hh aool aad hia body, by the avaafiBc 
 kasdolGod. 
 
 A toa m anaa m waa k«U aa lal Niqr, 
 MM^ai'lQnaAwfiihi Urta Sackltml tad 
 Jiania ii|if» fkm. W» w—baiaati. Amm 
 ■Id «ka him ««n fMMii* <» • httmrnj. 
 A* tka aMMMl of a paaa, Aaa« neeh 
 4aiiall^, V fa a pwdeall y. kt har hud- 
 hwehiel M. aMoh waa piekad «p by 
 Manria, aad kiaM to harttB hSa koMb 
 
 ^•^ffPW* 
 
 Tha king alartml on aeatng tb(a, tamed pale, 
 aroae up in a hurry, and left the place. Th( 
 tournament wu inUrnipted. Lord Roeh- 
 fold wu arreated at the entranoaof the camp, 
 white the king waa on hie way to London, 
 accompanied on.jr by aix attendanta. Nurrii 
 wu of the number, and Henry, while m 
 rout*, kept conatantly by that gentleman'i 
 aide. The othera, who were at a rupectftil 
 diatanoe. ohurved that the tone of the king'a 
 voice wu completely changed towarda hia 
 Ihvourite. Henry wu urging him to obtab 
 hi» pardon by confraaing a criminal eon- 
 venation with the queen. Norria, however, 
 pareiated in delaring hia innocaaee. Norria 
 wu arreeted near Weatminater Abbey, and 
 taken to tiie Tower. On the evening of 
 that dajf, Mark Sneaton and Sir Prande 
 Weetoa wita alao inpriwned.(^) 
 
 The fUl of Aa handkeiohlaf had been 
 of anaadiog gratt utility to Ramfy'a plana. 
 Aaae ratonad, in a taetleu oKiod, to bar 
 apartaaaat, withoul. kowever, aaepceting 
 tka HMdvM which had aetoatad Ika kbig 
 in laaviag thna abruptly, and atUl laia Aa 
 eauM of the arraat of her brother. Lord 
 Roekflwd. Ndrria, Weetoa, and Smaatoa, 
 tka aaoaidaa. 8ba eat down to toUe on 
 tkamorravatklVMseuatoaedkonr. Bvary 
 Aing ironad ker aeamed diaagad| htf' 
 aM ead anto wen u if atruck di^b, aoatt' 
 anong tk«ai kaviag auOMaot eoor^ 
 totallker tkaftrtatkatawaltod har. She 
 waaakmad an aaelag that tka bote did 
 not oMka kia appaaraaca, aoeordinf to 
 eaatoaa, at the dimm ham, and aaiy to 
 kar, •• Ifadaai, m»A goad lattf It d«' 
 y««.f) ThalMMr.aettetodhylMhiia 
 at im offi'^, daiad not axprau agood 
 far har arhbiti KSafpttm, 'the 
 of -tha To«4r,"i»HJ titamAh 
 aionod to arreat. Bhrn araaa froaa tabhb 
 idiaa a man apwpra^. ,«h» .tal4 |j*r fi^ 
 apaetftdly tbftt thji ,hai«a waa mif. ' |iha 
 ■llaatly daaeaa^Ml' Iha ataaa tf tika^ata^ 
 aM tha ha^^M '«Mi|Pat, mim: 
 hk oa». mmM ^ thaaaaa. . Wm^ 
 appoeito tlM IWar. «ba qpani ( 
 hart aihanri^to irhkh iht 
 tha DnhiafMiMfiAj^, 
 waO., ttia aUfti 
 
•Minf thU, tamad pala, 
 •nd left the place. Tht 
 •rrapted. Lord Roeh< 
 lie entnunMof the Mmp, 
 OB hie waj to London, 
 r aix attendnnte. Nurrii 
 -, and Henrj, while tn 
 Ay bj that gentleman'i 
 rbo were at a reepectfiil 
 Mt the tone of the king'* 
 If ehanged towards hie 
 •s urging him to obtab 
 hssing a erimlnal eon- 
 leen. Norria, howerer, 
 hie innocence. Nonrte 
 ITeatnainater AMmj, and 
 r. On the erening of 
 Mton and Sir Pranota 
 Bprt«oned.(k) 
 
 lundkenihlef had been 
 Mitf to nem7*s (daoi. 
 I teetleea nlood, to her 
 howerefi bnepcoting 
 lad aetoatad fha Mag 
 nptlf, andatUllMaAc 
 t of her brother. Lord 
 Weetoo, and Smaatoa, 
 
 aat doim to table on 
 eoatomed honr. Enrj 
 •anaed dmgadi he^ 
 
 if etruci dottb. nooa 
 iag audBMant eoarlga 
 that awaltod Im. Me 
 ■t that tha trad* did 
 Mnaea, noeonUnf to 
 ilar hour, and aaj to, 
 iA food laHf It do' 
 Nr.MtttMfWdlqrflMBiiia 
 «d not ejcfweaa a good 
 rboili Kfaiigatoi^ 'the 
 TfMin-imi etaMHk-- 
 1^ aroaa flma tables 
 nd. who tcl4 l^.fih 
 hM«a «M mif. ' Pm 
 ihaatapi «f 
 Hid 'Huf fdoL 
 Am t^Mttaa. 
 
 
 urn or masta nn. 
 
 Ml 
 
 and the nobl^Ojen, entering that in whieb 
 was the queen, declared that they then and 
 there arrested her, in the name of the liing, 
 on the charge of inAdelitf to his bed. 
 Anne, much slarmed, threw herself on her 
 knees, and sulaimsd, " If I am guilty, 
 maj God narer receive me into hie holy 
 Paradi«e."(*) 'I'he pilot took up hie oars, 
 approached the banks, and stopped before 
 the Traitor's Oste, an old Saxon arch, 
 whose walls, verdsnt by age and humidity, 
 were similar to thoae of a vast welL(^ 
 Kingston awaited the quean on the hwt steps 
 of the stairs, where ths lords gave hsr into 
 bis custody. Co aaoonding the stone stopa 
 on which Ffahar and Mora had but r*. 
 cently preeadad her, she uked the lieu- 
 tenant if ah« was to ba taken to a oelL 
 "Not aaadun," replied Kingston, " but to 
 the qMutmant that Your Graoe occupied 
 on the day of yoar ooronatioB." " It ia 
 too good for me," said the quean. And 
 again throwing herself on her knaoa, ahe 
 anlainad, "Jesoa have merey on ma." 
 A flood of teara foUowad this pioua i^acn* 
 latkmi than to thaea tears aueeeedad 
 bnrata of laughter yat movs haait-randiag 
 than her eobe.(*) 
 
 On entaring the apartment whkh was to 
 serra her aa a iwiaon, she looked with great 
 alarm on thoaa walla which had witneesed 
 her trinmpb, and thus addrseeed Kingston : 
 " I wish to know why I am ban) taO me." 
 Sba yet baliaved baraelf to ba qoaan, but 
 aeeing her mistake bortt into taara, and 
 wrin^ng her hv^di^ aidaimad. "Ah I my 
 poor molbor, yon iHO aa«nradly die of 
 »amw.-(*) . I^aa taming to Kingston, 
 beraola an^ortin thia hoar of trial: "I 
 am pureb Mr. Kingatop. puri from all aia 
 «itb iboaa three man with whom they hava 
 aoousad ma of having jinaedi yes, pun 
 firom an sin aa wift joa^») . I am udd thai 
 
 Lninrds 
 
 Mad. Pna, Leal 
 
 fheaa JMsrandt in 
 to AuM'a eonftneaTaal in the Tower. 
 
 jm Amasnesisinal Istter of Kingslaa 
 
 to GnmiwsP, askting to the Briitah Massnm. 
 (MSS. Otka» 0. X.).aBd publisiied bySbgsr, 
 in hia, adUnn «f Cairendish, and by SlUs. in 
 Us ' • '■ - 
 
 '•2? 
 
 VIH. 
 
 -figasStSs.l?**'' 
 
 speaMag efluH 
 (•> UagHd. 
 
 ddag ef iwr sisp-moiker. 
 
 &5. Bhawaa 
 
 E 
 
 thaae three man ham aeeussd ma. Oh I they 
 eay that which ia not Uue. May I die if 
 they tell the truth." Then she fell into a 
 stau of grsal nenrouaneee, (' ) and was 
 heard to exclaim, " Norria, do you aeenaa 
 me I You ara also in the Tower with na. 
 and you will parish with mei aa yoa 
 altn, Msrk."(') 
 
 Then approaching the lieutenant, who^ 
 oompellad to visit his prisoners, had laarnad 
 to compassionate their sufferings. " Mf« 
 Kingston," said she, " I swear to yon that 
 I am innocents bat tell me. will the king 
 lut ma to death without an axaminatioB f 
 i will not be sof" "The pooreet womaa 
 in the kingdom haaadaim to the {oetioe of 
 hia mijeaty," npUad Kintaton. Anna 
 haa» her head and oommancsd hmgUng. m 
 if aha had baooma deliriooa ^ than aaddadjy 
 ratamiag to baraelf. as if struck by • 
 ray of supsmatoral %ht, she imagioad 
 that sha had left aoma compaaaiMata tool 
 to the wosid who would take pily on tkt 
 queeo. " And my biehopa," said ahai, '« if 
 thay wan hare, they would go and anppli. 
 onto the king for mo."(>>) The only htohop 
 who wonld have thrown hisBeelf at Heary'a 
 Imt to impion hie juatica and nany fct 
 bar. waa Fiebart bal A^ine^ by her p«A. 
 dtouacienwaliy had aaaiated in esadiag bi» 
 to tht blodti aha might flrom bar apwt. 
 mend sea tba nsMrtyi'a asU I Lst oa ■•» 
 aae iriMt ona of bar Ushope waa ddag. 
 
 Oraaaser bad. OD «ba tad May.n c a i nd 
 aa order Aroto tba biag aot to laam 
 L*mbath.^) Haaiy'a Jatlar waa dij aad 
 aseaadngt it mfc rasa d tba priaaato af (ba 
 qnaea's erima, aad probdMy itwoa lUary'a 
 iatantton to try tba aaal af «aa who bad 
 a«rar btosi baAwaad tat ohaytog bis 
 m as tor ^' wis h e s . Go tiMaonrow, tbaa 
 anivad a aaaand royai ■ es t s , onMaff 
 Craamar to go to dm Star Oiambsr witb 
 tba other Vriry Cooneillora, wfao^old Uf 
 bafbn him fba proah of d)« adtdMi^ 
 eommittad by Aaa* Bolaya.(l) CbaaoMr 
 npiia« to tba moaaRb. -^il^ batteff 
 
 (0 Stiypa.— MaoUatosh'a aisloiy ef Im. 
 kad. 
 
 (f) Lfaigaid. 
 
 (k) I would I had my hishope. fbr Oay 
 wonld aU ga to the Uag te use.— litab 
 
 ' Ynraar. 
 
 Tafd'aLifeofAichMibavOMasK. , 
 
 Si 
 
unr 09 miBT nn. 
 
 jrwulodtd HMrf of tb* aMnpk of Job, 
 who bant under th« hud of Q«d, ud, m 
 lh« iMrioa of hit aabiBiMiaB t« tba daeraw of 
 Haavao, raealvad Rnatar favouia than ba 
 bad avfr baA>ra obUlnad i AdMtU ti 
 Daminm ameta dt^lM*. Ha bagg ad him 
 to baar in mind tha tbta graal eakmitjr, 
 thoagh ii might affliot, jat oufhl not to 
 dafraaa nor diahonour bin i but ba adda, 
 Ibat hia paraonal good opinion lad bin to 
 tbink that aha wm guilUaao of tba erimaa 
 Inpulad to bar."(*) Fina worda which 
 woald aflkoa many Araltol Tba unbappj 
 Anna bad than fbond a gralaAU aarfaBti 
 Bngfauid, a biabop aofloianlly eouragaoua 
 io ptodaiin tba innoeaMa of a woman 
 •?«• bafbn bar aoeaaar, although it abooM 
 baHawT. Lai oa wait awhiW. ««HowovMr." 
 pWMM ma prahto, " U ia iapotaibia for 
 ■M whan I, who know Yoar Higbnaaa, 
 MMidar to what axtnmitiaa joa hava goaa, 
 to baliava that tba qnaan la innooanfCk) 
 Tboa, than, Anna la gnlltf, not baeauaa 
 tha ovidanoa la ao airong aa to oonvinaa tba 
 moat pr^judioad perMU in tba world, but 
 baeauaa Henry aatarta it. Jndga and 
 futf ooneamad, Hanrj la infbUiblai 
 Omnmar endaaroura to ptora to tba world 
 that ba ia not an ungratafbl aarrint/*) Ha 
 ■aaarta tbat thara la not a eraatnia livinf 
 aflar Hia Graea, to whom ba ia ondar ao 
 great obUgatiooa aa to tba qoaan i ao ba 
 bopaa tbat tba kingwill paroait thaprimata w 
 wiah tbat Anna may pnnre bar purity in 
 tba ayao of Ood and man.(') But hnnw' 
 dtataij. aa if apprabaaai«« that Aia ad of 
 wmpaaaian woiUd ba a orima ia tba ayaa at 
 tba kinf. ha adda t "That if tba queen 
 dwdd not proT* bar Inlwcanca, that man 
 iM«ld Indeed be a dialoyal anbieot. aa 
 aMmy to the Ung aa well aa the ataie, who 
 ««|UI not aall dowa on tha etimiaal tha 
 
 (a) rerlae?erha4beU«rovbioain' 
 tbM I had te b«. whkA nudcath aa think 
 that aba abanM aat be avipahb.— TmM. 
 
 (It) And ^Rdn I think that year Htfrnem 
 twiwl nM bam ■ana aa tu, except aba had 
 bean aMiy ealpaMa.— Todd. 
 
 <•) Maw I tbidt that yoar Otaea beat 
 knawdk. Aat aeit nalo vowr Ome^ I waa 
 ■Mat bewA anio bar cC all e wat n i ae titing.'- 
 Kadd. ' ' "■'•^"aj. 
 
 fi) That I may. iritk your Oiaee'a Ckvour, i 
 wUh and fit* fie her diat aha 
 PkinipaWaaad 
 
 i**»xeaBt 
 
 deohM* 
 
 Implaeable vangaanee of the lawai"(*) la 
 other worda, tha block or tha ataka i a wiah, 
 aaya a modem hiatorian, worthy of a Cfoii»- 
 well or a Rhadamanthua. (6 Thia la 
 pot all t Cranmer, aa if apprehanaiTa of 
 fiot being coaaidcred eithar auAciently 
 cowardly «r auffleiantly traitoroua. pro- 
 (eeted tbat he waa ready blindly to perform 
 all tha king'e ordere i he look tkia oath In 
 tha following manner, which ahowa that he 
 waa thoroughly decided not to violate it > 
 
 "Thia letter waa writton whan tha Lord 
 Chancellor, Lord Ozftird, Lord Sueeez, and 
 the Lord ChafflberhUn bad aent for me to 
 the Star Chamber, and Uiere imparted to 
 me the oommnnkiatioB which Your Highnew 
 bad oondeeoended to addraee to me, and 
 for which I thank you moat raepeotthlly. 
 I do not Itar a moment doubt that a' 
 fblthful report of our prooeedinga baa 
 been mode to Your Majaaty. and I aa 
 bdeed griarad that the queen abould be 
 conrieted of the orlmee of which aba ia 
 accuaad, and I am and aball aver be yoer 
 faithfbl aobJeet."(l) Hence, it ia evident, 
 tbat theee eommieeionera, alter having 
 aatobliahed ^ eulpablHty of the queen on 
 evidanee, acaepted by Cranmer without 
 eiaminathm, and oa tba word aloiM of tba 
 prince, bad before laid down the Jndieial 
 form to ba followad by the arobbiabop ia 
 tha pronowMing of the aomenea. 
 
 Aa blatoriaa, bowavar, baa beea found 
 anfleiantly oouragaou to aaaert, that 
 the primda in ^ia Mtar jaatiflee Anna 
 with an astmordiaaiy deHcateiieaa, and m 
 much aa pmdeaee woold permit or ebaiity 
 reqaire.(ii) Let oa return to tba Tower t— 
 Lady Rochford. Mra. Cooyna, Mra. Stonor, 
 known for thdr hatied of the priaoiMn-, 
 ware ordered to watdi bar night and daf^ 
 They elept aear bar bed, beard what aha 
 mufmonMl ia bar fevoiab drenma, aad 
 
 (•) I tepMe hbn aat year Omea'a MlklU 
 rvaat tM anMeet, aev true ante the raala^ 
 at woald not daeiie tke o tmtt wU h mt mtttt 
 
 that woald not daaiie tke n WmBi wtHu m l mttt^ 
 to bo poBi«kad to tke exaanle of all otkam.^ 
 Todd. 
 
 (f ) A CromweU «r a Ehadaaaathaa might 
 have aaid tliia; but did U beeome the hont of 
 hia «boa ibe bad ao mudk ebUfad, 
 lew aneh aa inaligaikBt— TaoNV. 
 
 JjJTpdd. 
 
I of tiM ]»mf(*) is 
 korth«aUk«iawith, 
 ■n, worthy of • Cfoii»- 
 M)thut.(<) ThU \» 
 u if »ppr«h«nsi?« of 
 d either gufficienUy 
 intlf trsitoroue, pro- 
 dy blindly to perform 
 
 he look Ihie oath in 
 , which ehowe that he 
 Jed not to Tiokte it i 
 ritten when the Lord 
 urd. Lord Sueeez, and 
 I hnd lent for me to 
 nd Uiere imputed t« 
 iwhiehYoarHifhneie 
 
 uldreee to me, and 
 ou moat raapeotfblly. 
 oment donirt that a' 
 nir ptoeeedinKa haa 
 
 Majeaty, and I am 
 the queen ahould be 
 mea of which ahe ie 
 nd ahall ever be yoer 
 
 Hence, it ia evident, 
 loner*, after havinf 
 illity of the qoeen on 
 by Craamer wHhout 
 the word akme of the 
 id down the Jndieial 
 by tbs arohbiabop ia 
 toBontanea. 
 vntt, baa bean found 
 
 Mtar jaetifloe Anna 
 deHcateiieaa, andaa 
 lold pennit or charity 
 torn to the Tower t-> 
 Coayna, Mra. Stoaor, 
 lad of the priaoaer, 
 fa faarni||fatand dayj 
 bed, beard what aha 
 nreriab drmma, aad 
 
 I yoor Onee'a iUlklU 
 w trae ante the lealai, 
 
 laaiVlaef all otkem.^' 
 
 a Ehadamanthna ndgkt 
 it beeoBMthehaiMaf 
 
 Lira ov mu»mt vm. 
 
 ass 
 
 endeavoured, when fh» waa awake, to 
 entrap her by inaidioue queetionai an 
 infamoua ofllce aolicited by noble iadiee. 
 I'he ieaat word of equivooation which 
 might eeoepe her, even at the acme of a 
 fit of narvouaneee, wet immediately reported 
 to the oooaeil.(*) " Madame," aaid If re. 
 Goeyn* to Ue queen, " huw eomee it that 
 Norrie haetold your almoner that he cuuld 
 ■wear that you ware an honeet woman t" 
 " Weil, he can really ewear to that," replied 
 Anne. " When I naked him why he delayed 
 ■o lonf in marrying, he replied ' that he 
 wiahed to wait i— and why f la it that 
 you are looking for dead men'a ahoee, and 
 if aomo mlafortnna occurred to the king to 
 obtain ta»\ May I die if I ever enter- 
 tained auoh a tiiought Do you know 
 that I could nndo you if I wiahed i — and 
 we aaid no mon."('>) 
 
 The eonvereation now turned on Weeton, 
 whoea name alone had an extraordinary 
 and vieible eAct oa Anne.(*) Weeton 
 waa woat to take giaat Ubertiea with the 
 qneaa. One daj, aha kereelf related it 
 to her gaolera, ha had toid her that Norrie 
 went to the oourt not to oflar bia homagee 
 to Madge, bat to aaa the qoeaa. '*And 
 yon, Mr. Weeton," inqoired Anna^ " do 
 yoD not ktva Mra. Skalton witk greater 
 affeetkm than yow wife? That ia not 
 right of you." ' There ie another whom I 
 bve yet more than either my wife or my 
 mietiaee.' " And who ie that P* •Yonraaif 
 Madame^'(') Mra. 8tonor ona day ex- 
 preaaed her aatoniahment at Smeaton, the 
 muaioian, being treated with greater aeverity 
 than the other prieonere, ha Uving been 
 put into irona. ** Probably it ie becaoae 
 he ia not a geotlamaa," replied Anne. 
 "Howvrer, ha waa never in my room 
 
 ?! 
 
 -Burnet. 
 . . Yen look for dead men'a ehoeei for if 
 voAX caaM to the King but good, yon would 
 kxiktobeveaMr Heeaidtlfhe ehould have 
 
 UT enck thou^t. he wonld Ua heed were 
 off. And I loM him I eould aad« hiv if I 
 would. And thefawfik we Ml out— Singer. 
 (•} She kereelf dtaekeed tkie in her apwe- 
 meion ef Weeieu'a giving evidence amtinet 
 her.— KtnfKeii'a Latter. Siagw. 
 Andkema' 
 
 . . da eaewer to her agafai, Ikat 
 
 iM loved one fat hei konee better uau tkem 
 botk. nMaekadkia— whole that r To wUek 
 ke a n e w aJ. that ia ymuaett.— UagMa'a 
 
 but once, when I wee on my way to Wio- 
 eheeter, and I cent for him to play the 
 Virginal*. I eaw him again on the Saturday 
 before the tournament at Qreenwich. Me 
 waa laening on a window, and deeply 
 absorbed in thought." " What ii the 
 roattai , Smeaton." 1 naked of him. * Why 
 do you •nquire.' eaid he, abruptly. " You 
 are angry ; but you ought not to imagine, 
 or aipeet that I ehould apeak to you aa I 
 would to a peer. No t one of your look* ia 
 eulBolent for me."(«) 
 
 When it waa reported in London, in 
 1631. that Anne Boleyn had been created 
 a marohioneae, Wyatt, daeiring to bid adieu 
 to the friend of hie childhood, wrote hie 
 " Forget not yet," a poetic melody which 
 Shakeepeara would not have been aehamed 
 of.(0 They had not met einoe, but tha 
 poet, whoea love waa chaate, had not 
 forgotten the young roai'l of Blickling. 
 Wyatt, whoee heart waa no longer free, 
 had hie wish, hie hopee, hie consohtione. 
 to oonvey to the oaptlve. Mary, tha 
 writer'a eietar, had bean introduced into 
 the Tower — we know not how, perhapa 
 through the inetrumentality of Kingeton— 
 and Mary well knew, by her aflbcttonala 
 
 (•) Bmnet.— Oaveudiah m hie Metrical 
 Verriooe makee Smeaton apeak ihua : — 
 
 My TathcT, a oaipenter, and laboured with kia 
 .Vend, 
 With llM sweat of kia fkoe ke pnidieaad Ua< 
 living; 
 For sfflalTwaa his rent, and muck leae wae kia. 
 land: * 
 
 My mother in cottage ueed daihr spinning i 
 Lol in what miawy waa my befianiagl 
 
 O A few writers kava accused Wyatt ef 
 having lieen guilty of intriguing wiik Anna 
 Boieyn. Bandore haa even eialed (hat tha 
 poet offered his svidenee tc Heunr. Wyatt 
 waa accordingly eapelled Ike oonrt. BtttWyalt*a 
 diagraoe is purely imagiuuy. Wyatt, alter tU* 
 confiMsion, as well as after Anne's marriage, coa* 
 tinned to reside at London, and oAea went to 
 oourt at Oieenwlok. If any |niliy caaaexiea 
 kad really etieted between Anne and Wvalt. 
 before, or at the time of the marriage, it ia 
 certain Ihst the writer would have shiued the 
 captivity and puniahment of Motria and Smea* 
 ton. Wvatt wae merried when ke addrosssd 
 to tke Marckionem of Fembroke thoee well- 
 known lines, " Forpt not jkV After an at> 
 teaiiveeMmination of all that kaa been writtea 
 by Mott, Hapefleld, Ueame, Oavendfarii, end 
 Mies SiriekUnd, wi* believe in tka v^ at 
 Wyntt'e aftwtien for Aarni Boleyn. 
 
um or aam nu. 
 
 i 
 
 ■MMMt. Im« to Mwi«<| * hm Mflwi^ffa. M 
 ia prwIwbU tbal tht found th* bmmm of 
 bartnii ih* fallowioK Uiiw, add w Mtd bf 
 lb« quMO to Utoqr, ooaroyad to Cruoi- 
 wtUi— 
 
 " n\r% ** wrote dto pnMMMr,(*) " Tow 
 BM^tjr'i M|[«r and my Impriaooawnt ara 
 ■uck linicakr aTtnta thai I mi at a loaa 
 ||M> t* addrcw you, or Irom what eharn* 
 to jiMtily njraair. 1 mb MtU mora •«- 
 bwTWMad. M I haw rutivod a m eaaa g o 
 from 70U, raquaating ma to oonf»aa oijr 
 Main, that 1 nay tbaraby oblaia nay pafdon, 
 mi Mb mawagahaa baan bfoogM to ■• 
 byoM •horn yM know to bo my opoo 
 MMny. Ob flndiag bar ooramiaabaad 
 with thte minyr. 1 eaaaot hut bavo a 
 unaaattrowt of your Mkaiia towarda m», 
 I if U ba trot, aa yea t»j, that a aiacara 
 woM mn m% wiUiagly aod 
 toyfcUy aboald I obvf your ordan. But 
 yaar m^aaty must not imaiciaa that jpoor 
 q^bap^ wife wiU ba lad to eonfeaa a 
 feaM viiiah iba baa oavw mnm tbouubt of. 
 lap^ to that iravy tratb wbkh la apokan 
 of aa to) ba appaalad to. that a aovoraign 
 Mfw had a wlfa naro altaebad or iMn 
 ^Mantto iImb Aaoa Bolafa ww to yo«. 
 I ikaU wiUingly eonflna nyaalf to that 
 II I ahaU wilUnnly and vUbont tba 
 J. Hfrtt Ntaia ny p«aa«iit poiiios, 
 ) (M and yoar mtjwty daelda otbar- 
 t aarar to <ar itairpiaC aqrMl^ ao tba 
 
 jt»wbiahy««Miaad0w«Mtoaspao( 
 
 li| iliMnn from whieb I now a«fbr. I 
 jSri^^yaatf ao liiir aa to Mf. thlfl liif 
 iIiHIMb kaliW Mdy faaadad M aaptk^ 
 mHitr «I4mi^ trtgM tMiy aadaaa your 
 fciriwiTf ' and fot* bant. Ton tarit 
 M"Mm ail obaMN italhm la li*^ to 
 tMrtrnr oa ma «Im' titk of Qaaraa and fh» 
 y#WMpMakMM<itla«f7<mrwifc. Bath 
 #yN Mrttial^far «bo«a my ntril aad Mf 
 ^KpagtMloaat but riaoa yoa daanod aa 
 wiAy af •• «nal an bonaw, lat aot r»aer 
 
 #tiba arU emntil* of yMT *i>*"^ '*P'^ 
 of jtm l««*i M Bol tha blfOt, Hw 
 iblat,«( Mvff NapMtod af haifiag 
 ijwMkmbatotta your wK4i^»miwUk 
 
 tfw^^ «r i^obr MbedoMM wift udlM 
 
 willia«4r 
 
 ilba 
 
 •worn 
 
 (•) 
 
 to ba<af triad, but lat 
 a tewfnl aovrt, aad lat not my 
 ba ailhar my JudRaa or 
 Yaa, aira, lat iBa b« aaamioaJ 
 o|Maly and Judicially, for I hava no r«aM>n 
 to fenrmy MpiiM. You ahaU then sea ay 
 taaaaanca ekarod a|», yoor amiaty and 
 ooaaclaaM Mt at aaaa. ealumy and malioa 
 ailancwi, or my erima diacovomd. I a wh«t> 
 artr way Ood or fooraaif may ptaaaa u. 
 daeido my lot, your axlaaly witl not ba 
 aipoaad to aay rapaoaAh. Wbaa mgr 
 erima ia tbua Jodidally provad. yau wii; 
 ba*« tha rifht. bofbra Ood and man, ooi 
 emly to puaiab a parjarad wonma, but aiao 
 to fbUow up your aaw albetiBa<») for bar 
 who ia tha oanaa of my balht wboia I am. 
 I hava kwR baan ae^uaiatad with yww 
 ^ »na»a» « for har. aod your m^wly ia aot 
 icnonnt of my aniiaty on that poiat. If 
 jou ba«a alraady daaidad with aagard to 
 myaalf t if aot oaly my daalk iaa u im ar y. 
 but aa infamoaa «tlumn|r. to hmaia yaa 
 tha ptaattiiaa af har aa mbom you now 
 attach ywnr bappfrint, I Iwpa Ood may 
 pardon yaa ao giaat a ala, aa woU aa ihy 
 aaamiaa wba hwta baaa ioalrumaatal thwv. 
 to. May Ua a««"r ra^uiia from yoa ana 
 day, at the dhy af Hf>BM*- * riforooa 
 aeoaaat of yaar atatliy lr<Mida bm. Wa 
 Aril aooa Bp^xiar al- Km tribaaal. udMra. 
 lAalaMw th* aw^ SMgrthinKof asy Ma> 
 daat.«rl>MV^ -* > to * ab H ihtwV 
 
 Mar I aloaa aa*. . tha waight 
 
 ia*yea*wnHhl # t'a^slMi to 
 
 th*v WiN^T **2 **" *^ 
 
 i'aataMiWBhifrifc. ^ iha^Ra^if 
 ■y iaaatopHeM. Itia k 
 'ad^ piaya^ «hal I ahaU aaar 
 to yaa. If arar I ttaai giaoa hi 
 ayaib if orar tha aama of Aai 
 waa affiaaabia to yoor aara, graat Bto tha 
 bvear whieb I aow aah tt i^ <*^>^ 
 I ahall orijy dirtd wWi Uain tik BanirW 
 «» 70a. that Ood aay ttdto yaaaadhrhia 
 
 " Yoar layil iail VvprlhilhAd wWik 
 fAma BM.aTM. 
 *» Jtmn a^ MrrM^yrilMi^lla fbat*^ 
 
 l>^ 
 
 
 1 
 
» Mag trM. ba« Ul 
 
 oowt. Mil kl not my 
 
 •llhOT Mf Hum o* 
 
 , l«l IM b* MUMBiCMJ 
 
 ', for 1 hmn no r«Moa 
 Yoa aiuU thcs ae« csy 
 i|t, yoor MnWtf mm! 
 M. ealaoMiy uul »•>>«• 
 idiacovMnd. lawhftt- 
 oomtf M«y plMM to 
 r iw^iy Witt not b* 
 ra|Nw4li. Whan sogr 
 bllf provvd, yo« wii; 
 tni Owl MdaMBiDOi 
 (and tronwa, but «Uu 
 itw OhetiMK*) for bar 
 
 nf baii« «h«M I mb. 
 M^wdatad witk jvm 
 id yoor w^iiHr >• ■»* 
 iatf OB tful paiat If 
 Midad «itk ngard io 
 
 ■jrdaalhbi 
 
 w m «Ao«i yoa saw 
 
 Ml, I Imp* God wKf 
 
 N a •!■, M vaU m iky 
 
 «m ioatmiMatal iMw* 
 
 la^ttita froH yoa 'dna 
 
 Jadfaat a fiforvaa 
 
 Mlly trdwrdi aM. Wa 
 
 I** '!« triboaal. wkmt, 
 
 2My tbiai; of my Ma* 
 
 *'*'nf«atabttabflwV 
 
 . tba waigbt 
 
 V, t i^staad to 
 
 li Ma «^ 
 
 mtImk . jm i^km>it» nt 
 
 loM. lid* to 
 
 tMlihaU«*«r 
 
 I fe«a4 giaea toi liMr 
 
 aaoM of Aaaa M^ 
 
 MW aara, (rut am Um 
 
 raili«f'|a^ii««itoh 
 
 man 
 ■IffiMi^liafVwiv^ ' 
 
 uf» or iimvT mt. 
 
 Wm tkto laHar f^on Aaaa Boloya r Tbto 
 la a eontrovArtad quaatioa in Bnf land, and 
 it i* not for ua to rfaoidt. It ia in our 
 opialoa iba productioa of a rbatoriclan, 
 aad aaitbcr llial of a wifa aor of a aiothar ; 
 Katharlna of Anragon woald hara mrittan 
 dilbrantly.(*) 
 
 (•) Thla latter waa fe\>n4 aaMaf C 
 papata. Lisfard aajra Uait U doaa aot 
 
 ll'a 
 bla 
 
 tka Qaaaa'a tatUM allkar fai tlyta, vrttfaw. 
 ortkoflrapky, orfl«n*tur«. (iir Jm. MaokinUwIi 
 •aaarta Ih^t ila •uthanllciijr cannot b« dtnM. 
 — Hum* Mlmlu It u Irua.- -Hurnal doaa not 
 •adaavoiir to niapoit in aiithaniiritjr. — Mr. 
 ■Mia Mya, " That Anna waa loo I'.kiaaly guatdad 
 tu aliwW aay Mia twin;«f tuia auKii • laiiatf wUk 
 
 hat i" and Tumar : " I du nut tiilnk ikat tkara 
 la any tbinf in it atiparior to har olkar laUata 
 aad aatbaalla ipaaobaa." Iibaabaaa prtatad 
 
 aUarWrt. and la la Ika Brlteb Maaaai^ 
 S«. OtK C. X., IM. 
 
 OUAPTER XXXV. 
 
 TMIAL AMD gXBOVTIOlf OV AMMB BOLBTM^-lftM. 
 
 Tba Oraad Jniy of Waatmiaatar,— Ooadanmalioa of Anaa't aa« 
 Qteaa.--Tlia Karl of Wtltabhw appalntad Jod«a.— Aana'a 
 
 Vatdtat.--Biar«llon 
 OTaoaaar. — Aaaa at 
 
 Baipllaaa.— Ooauaiaaioa to try A* 
 aondaat dariaf iba Trial Tba 
 
 I of tita Co«Tlata.~Tha Ditoraa fcuw iia Aaaa aad Haary pfamwiaaad If 
 tka Towaa. — Har iMaadua.— Tba Uw aad Jaaa SayaoMf. 
 
 Wa know Uial btfbra bar marriafa with 
 Haary, Aaaa lovad th* yooog fwof. It 
 wa* tboochl fbr a OMiBaot that ihay had dto- 
 oorwod a nrataa) prooiiao of aantoiia 
 batwata tho lovara. It to atatod that tbto 
 idaawaa atartad by aoona *< tho qtMoa'a 
 porttoaao ao tba aaly laoaaa of aarbg bar 
 lifbi for. if tboy MMcoodod la provinc aa 
 aatartor ooatrae^ AiuMk aspritod fkaoi 
 court, eoold hav* rtaaaod, with tho kiaf'a 
 ponatoaiaa, har titto M Marahioaaao of 
 PMBb»aka.(i; Wa wiah It war* ia oiw 
 powar to laoord tha aaaio of Ih* propoaar 
 of this flotioaa f awlatiia, Iw ia vafai do 
 wa aodi Cmt ABMO of fbHaff i» tha Uaf** 
 Ptkfj Ooooflil. Thto la g i^ nwmt. writtaa 
 or vaihalt m ,WmA wtf wi^MO to hara 
 tha.aaoa^ anaU haaa 4M[A||Ma haam & 
 
 ■aaWWB , dM^ •^^B WW^w ^WiP ^^^WH^^^^^^P V^B ^ ^^BWa^N^BBP^BB^r • 
 
 It to wdd Aat ha waahi hifr* phadad thai 
 tha eoatoaal aad* Ib tha MntoRa of Aaaa 
 Boteya «Mi iBMqr irito airil (Bid vdld I ha* 
 the iiiiima wad4 BBt haca haiiiahiaia 
 
 •ay waf > t^aaaallto —happy wRiBMiit who^ 
 aa a Mthtow ariMiaai or adsMirow wife. 
 
 tr^Mf^ aa taai. 
 
 hto 
 
 llawjhilaf Koidiainboiw 
 MWHlagthaaMaiattf 
 « Aaae, ami h* mnn 
 
 I 
 
 (•) 
 
 ia tho praoaaoo of Um Arahbtohopo it 
 Oaatorbuiy aad York,(^) that bo had aol 
 bouad hlia aol f by ai^ proniaa, wrlttoa or 
 vorbal. wHh tho fu*aa(«) Ho npwtod 
 tho oath, both iu a tollar which ho addrtnod 
 to tho Saeratary of Stato and boCora tho 
 Hidy AMar at tho BoiBMt of ooaustiai- 
 eatiaK, ia tha praoaaeo of tho othar DMaithora 
 of tho Pirin Cooadl^') 
 
 Oa tho lOth of May. tho b^otooa*. 
 dnwanp OB tha lAth of April pi*v{oii«,(|i) 
 waa hid htibro tho ipraad fjuj «l At 
 
 al Waotodaalar, oador tho prataal lim 
 tha oriwa with whtoh th« aotwod arm 
 ^arBM* had boon p or p o tr alod in hoik 
 Tha grand Joiy, laroMd af 
 ria t ooa iwjmmtjlfi 
 
 > MPA 
 
 ■ I V 
 
 Hi_. 
 
 M. Otha^ O. XVI. 
 Taiaar. 
 M Tnraar. 
 Ltoftid. 
 (t) Taiaar kM givaa Ihoir aaam tak« %« 
 .Bin4,MB. Joooaai JobaBaldwia.M. 
 Lyato, iaha Potlak John Baolnaa. Waiiar Uka^ 
 ABAom Pitlthorbart, Wflaaai Skally. ivtv, 
 WaaMW^ iaiar Moan. Hiebatd Aaaalai, 
 Thorta* Jgljrii|5m, Omforf tmO, Jaha 
 Waaiw^ WllfcM Biadfcwall. jMaa aa . WU- 
 
 RaniyttttUiillaiMnBtoM Rn«yi«, Boboit 
 Ava^, 
 
41 
 
 ura Mr 
 
 «ImI iIm q< 
 
 g«Mly. UMTf* BpilwM, MM oC ill* 
 
 JwlHM, lAriMd Um* Mm fn«i of lk« 
 yrtoaflw't RvUi had baan MtaMlalMd by lk« 
 dapoaMMor Mn. Win«lald vkila ra har 
 daath-bad.C^ Wa ara nol aaqoalaiad with 
 iIm dafMMilioa of Uiia ibnaar aMaodaal of 
 AiMM Belaf a, for oaif a partloa tiomci 
 lla paiiaa la aow aitasii. Be ia Ihia aaMoa 
 anaiMl a qaaaa. 'il ika alaoMata of ao»- 
 viatton kava baaa MraAilly kapl froea Um 
 aya of poatartiy, whlah baa oaly tha Mood 
 thai WW akad, to aaoial U la p w o aa at m 
 llMTanUal. 
 
 0« tba IMkaf May. I^otria. Woaton. 
 Braraloa, and B iw rt oa, vaf* Ukan tiwn 
 Mm Tbwar to Waatalnalar Halli iIm ikraa 
 
 iwitkabilMy. 
 Norria waa 
 I hia Mi if Im »Mdd oMlbaa. b«i ha 
 M()atMd tha propoaal, aad awon baiara Uod 
 IM h« vooU nkbar adhr • i h w uaw d 
 iiMka ihMi caal a Uol oa tha vtrtM of hia 
 ««M«ii (*) ** H«H| hha than. iMff htai.'* ai- 
 1 Um kn(|, M baiiR infcrnad of hia 
 raply-(^ Mairk SdMaton ooo- 
 te ailM. Waa it tha fraa aad 
 
 _ , Mi of a p a all a at eal> 
 
 prttCMMtMtdof hiaipillir(«) Hoirialt 
 lniiniT t- kMW tMa, 4mm tha papara 
 ■■■■■itid with tha tfW havt baaa da- 
 •rnqfad^i) Had tbajr a««Mi baaa ia aiiaU 
 •MMk thay woold oaly hava l af ana a d aa 
 vlM Mm paa of aa ohaAaat aaflba had 
 WltotMi ad tha dirtation of aarrUa laaa. 
 
 ■ Wmmm ma ■naaiMil to ha 
 iMatai, Mi aaeoM^Ml ta ha bahcMlad. 
 A liaiiiii-rl— ■ anaite'ta laoiwhieh bad 
 ■OBitiaiairf iha Daha uf Backii^|haM.O 
 iwi limhlid <atry thaqaaaa. TbaDuka 
 of Noffblk. tha qaaaa'a anete, aa Kiaad 
 paaaldadihahadaa hia 
 
 Mm qrl— 
 
 ffiVa. 
 
 (ST it fa iiifiii that W* WaitoM rtia. 
 Wiliiaia, mSm iha^aeMaad Mtataaald to 
 hiai. -8«li#aiaa. Ila.lt. «d yaa wflliaa 
 iriMk via hMIMaf U;" laM«ta%balfa«iag 
 that Mi Mb hal baaa Haorfiad Mm^ rti^Md. 
 
 (a) Tha tMNilB af all thiaa Idab hava baaa 
 
 ^ iblfU do ThqpHN' 
 
 nil. 
 
 taFaal]^4n paafa of tha Inafaoai t Oa 
 Lo/d ChaaooUor ««• at hi* ri«bt, tha Duka 
 af Suiblk at bU Uft band, aad tba Marl of 
 ■amy o pp o a l to tba Piaa i da at aa larl 
 Manbai(() TIm quaan appaa r ad al iba 
 bar «■ tha Iftth May, l>3«, aaeonpaatad 
 l>y Lady Roebford and I^ady Kiagatoa. 
 Sba waa lo ba unad at tba Tu»ar. in a hall 
 aa pr aaaly prt p a r ad for tha oecaaloai aha 
 had aa frlaad, ao advnaata lo aapport ar 
 dafaod Hw. Bha advaaaad wltboui faar, 
 bat oa 'ookloii al har Jodgaa. alartad : aha 
 had aaaa har own btbar, tba Barl of Wilt- 
 ahifi, oa tha baaah.(k) Aaaa iM down oa 
 M f mUm tt wMah bad baaa praparad for hari 
 ana thla aa aat of haaMga to tha qa aaa, or 
 a aiga of (. aaa p aaaloa tawardi a wooMa r(') 
 
 ahargad Aaaa with haviag proatitatad bar* 
 aaif attaraalalf with Naaria. Btatataa. 
 Waaioa, SaMataa. aad Iw hrathari thai 
 aha had adaMttad Iha araaiclaathriM ta bar 
 hadi that aba had aMda a hoaat of har 
 linaBtiiiiwaiaa i that aha had aaid that tha 
 klag had aorar paaaaaaad har haarti thai 
 aha had p ar aa a d ad aach of har lovara ttat 
 
 thaUag'ahaaaiO) 
 
 eoaapfarad agalaot iha Uag'a Hlb. Aaaa% 
 aala af aduhary mda har a artodad 
 agafaMi tha atatOb by vtrtaaofa bill* 
 dariarad aa/ aaa gaUty af high 
 who by arrMog ar daad a heald 
 Mm prirllagoa of Mw Uag, qaaaa. or 
 Ihair ahildtaa. Thua, tha atalata aaaatad 
 la favaar of tha ki«g*a wlfa aad daa gh tar. 
 woold aaw ha ia a Uu aiaatal ta 
 tha wtfa to daaMi aad dfahooaariag 
 
 eataaly aad aahty. Bya-w H aaaaai aaid Mlai 
 aothiag aooUha MNapHad ta Iha aaaaw 
 
 (!) Malt'a Ulb of BaiMy.— MaeUataah.— 
 Bataat 
 
 (h) TuHim my, "Th aw waia H a at> -ai» 
 
 wBh 
 
 aaid la 
 
 aaah af *aai that Iha URf aafw'had har 
 haaH.Md that iha IwMd Mm hflfat lha»aiv> 
 
 lliaHf 
 
 
 HaMafiiMi 
 
 1 
 
 Hi 
 
■ oftkcktegilMit llM 
 M hi* Hckl, Um Ovkc 
 hmai, mm4 Um BwI of 
 I Pwt >< U «t M Iwl 
 
 f, t>34, MCfliaiNMiUd 
 •ad Ijadjr NUftgalow. 
 ii tha Tuwar. in • hall 
 for tha oeeaatoai aba 
 Ivnaata to anpport or 
 Ivaaaad wilboui faar, 
 r Jodgaa. alartad i tha 
 Imt, Um Barl of Wlli. 
 ■) Aaaa lat down o« 
 boas prafMrad for ktri 
 totko^Maa, or 
 
 a«MM.r(>) 
 lolMr. It 
 •iriaf proalMalod Imiw 
 h Nartii^ P iwa to a, 
 ■dlww brolkari ihol 
 ■imMhi tbrlea to kat 
 a koMl of kar 
 
 hod Mild IImI tiM 
 MrtI AM 
 
 bch of bor lofota UmI 
 
 •■•• 
 
 •0) 
 
 vtrtaoofa bSUwhlA 
 
 Uty of hiflh MMM. 
 
 doad alwld ottook 
 hi kfa(, qooaa. or 
 
 'a wlfo aad d— nh lar. 
 
 ijnhwilNaaoaa aaid UmI 
 to Iha wwar 
 
 luMjr.— Maddataah.— 
 Than van t«aaty-«li 
 
 •dwkh 
 
 ba U« 
 adhia 
 
 aali la 
 
 
 Ura 09 NiMMr ntf. 
 
 «ST 
 
 hi vhtah tha lookad at iha aoMH.(*) 8ha 
 k Mid lo hara raftiMd Dm aarutatMaa ot 
 tha ladlatBMnl with auch para«Mal<ra aio> 
 quaoca, thai tba tpaatatiNa folt eooldant 
 of bar arqaUial.(») But arbat eould ba 
 aipaetad f^um a ooiut, of whioh th« pr«ai> 
 <l«nt, lh« Uuba of Nurfotk, ahoob hia baad 
 and rt|Mat«d. "Tiid. Itid. ludl" aa a 
 •iffn of Incradulltjr, to avary word of 
 juattflaatioa aMarad bf tha quaao t (•) 
 Anna waa found ffuilly. and ooodannad 
 to ba bahradad or burnt altra, acourding 
 to lha bion'a Kood plaaaura. It la not 
 known wkatbar tha Judyaa wara uaanlmoua, 
 but U ia Manorall/ baliorad that tbajr wara. 
 Tha UalorUa. Turnar, ia of opiaion ihM 
 tha rordiet waa ratoraad froaa a majority 
 of roMa. aad that Um larl of WUiahlra, 
 whoaa roM waa not raaordad, would 
 naiMraUjr oonpaaaionato hia dauchtari but 
 tha Ihthar who, bjr rirtua of a rofal nan- 
 daM, oooaaatad to alt is JodKtoaal oa aia 
 dauffhtar, aeeuaad of adnltarr. would nut 
 haailato to oundaoui har. Waa ha aaan. 
 whan tha aantaooa waa baiac proaooDcad 
 by Um proridaat to otot aa ^ of rwn. 
 paaaioa ea hki child I Did ha ceaaaal hia 
 iM^I Old ho laaaa hia mtH Did ha 
 aulal* la tha cenit i "Aaaa laiaaoaaat r ' 
 Not ha iMuiaad twaa ia ad oa Um iai- 
 quilout hoaabi ho l l a tiaid to Nwfclk, aad 
 no taar fea Ami hia pllUan agr% Ibr had 
 ho wapt. «• ahoold haw haaid af Ua 
 tcara. P^rojr.thaBariof Nortbaaibarlaad, 
 WM aaiMMmad bj tha Uaf to laka hia 
 Mat aa Um haneh aa ooa of Aaaa'a Jadnaa, 
 but aaMMlf had ho raaahad tha haaoh 
 whoa ho waa takaa ill, iofi Um eawt. aad 
 diod a tbw laoatha aflar.(^ 
 
 Oa baaiiag dto tardict, Aaaa raiaad har 
 baadato hoavoa, and axrlaiaMdi "O lay 
 Craator, th«i kaawaat wbalhar I hara d». 
 Mrrado^ktr Than tnralaff towarda har 
 
 Jodffaa aha aaid I " lljr latda, I do aa^ btaoM 
 your aaataaoa, yuu knew »^ job ham 
 
 ff) Oodwta'a Aaavla. 
 
 (k) Wyau Mklaai "Tlat Aa aaldaar 
 raaioan iiad baaa tkai aha had elaaiad ho*. 
 Mlf with a 
 
 MoMaiia, iiai. Mil 
 
 ^ (•) "Tad. tod. tad I - aad ahaktaff hta 
 baad dhiaa or trnt •Voiirr ffl^liiiaVfillw 
 
 0OM<('miM<l m« I I vlah fnu no rrll i may 
 <lnHi pardon you I Hut I daclara t.> you that 
 I am lnn<Kf»ni of all lha cnoMa of wkioh 
 yoQ aomiaa ma. (iotl, who alana ean raad 
 tha haart. hnowa wbrthar I har* mm 
 batrajrad iha kinff my huihand. ThU. my 
 lorda, I aliall nip«at on (ha acafbid i and 
 do not imanlna that I apoak Iha* that I 
 OMj taeapa daath, for my iMpriMmmanr 
 baa launht ma how tn mart it. With 
 regard to my pour hnnhar and tha olhar 
 uhfuHunala p«raona. my ao eallad aoco.a' 
 pllaaa, I wuuld gladly oaAr a thouaand 
 daatha to aara thaw i but oiaoa aueh ia tha 
 will of tha king, I wiU aocompaay Iham 
 to hoaron, whara wa ab«!l unite our prayara 
 for hia maiosty'a aalTaiion."(*) Whaa aha 
 bad oaaaad opaaklng. Uia proaidant ordarad 
 bor to diraat baraalf of tho iaaigaia of 
 royally which aha bad worn durtnc Uio 
 trial Aaoa aabmltlad to tha Ofdara of 
 har nacia withoal nonaaring, aad took 
 oC la tho praaanoa of tba eourt, har orowB. 
 har aaekkMa, aad har rayal aaatia. Tha 
 dttka addad ikal aka moat alao raaiga, with 
 thM of Qaaan. bar titlaa of Priaoaaa aad 
 Marohitaaaa. with which tha klag bad 
 daignad to heaoar har. Aaa/ bowad ia 
 tohaa of impm^') aad alUr hariag aalolad 
 har Jttdgaa, ratbad. praaadod by Um coo- 
 •tobk. Lady Roehlbid. aad Lady Kiagatoa. 
 not to tho apaitiaaai ia wWeh aha had 
 hitharto baaa omiI aad, hot to iha prlaoa 
 whiah aha WM to iahabit aalU Um Um 
 
 MUham, wha «at 
 
 (•) CriqplB, Sioar da MUhi 
 aaaat at lha trial, giroa tkki 
 •i«MB,ta:ia«Hiatataadao 1 
 
 praaaat 
 llaufn 
 
 lauraa, . 
 
 "n'*"f^. 'Li r^ UaaUaiha, tit tha 
 oriRiaal ki ia FMaek vana. If Malataa h to 
 
 ba eradlMd, ihia Ori^^a WM Um aadMT af Om 
 poom atirib^ by La Oiaad M llafa^ ( Hin. 
 da Divotaa). bat upaa mkA ftaadilliia w« 
 kaow aM^ aa OlaaMBt MaiatiMa at OcMra 
 at iko tea af Aaaa Bolaya'B daaik. la Um 
 CaMl. da la VallMra Ikia aatriaal aanaUvaiia 
 Uhm laaactad s "Mm aaatoaaat la arMto 
 ertaWfcU » ra2«iU da to MkMfcSC 
 d A ag li H i n, par Okariaib iiwlalw da Mar. 
 teP -*^" (Lyy-IMft) UOwtaR 
 MakM M i a t lii ai oaa LaaaaiatdaCarta% ■hkap 
 
 kava -^^- 
 
 tharwl 
 (0 
 
 totka 
 Bat 
 
 af Um 
 
 kawaa 
 glaaa 
 
EiM •* umma yrm. 
 
 I' 
 
 mt mmmeuUmm, 
 
 i 
 
 Him imftut 
 tmi ibctd* wlwttiaf •!»• wi 
 Ik* Mosii or M ilM ttoka-C*) 
 
 A* MM* M th* bad b»«a i iii m »*^. her 
 brsthfT. Vlae^-jRt &»hf»f>J, «9a M Is Um 
 W of t^ iribuMU. TIm ■•# I of Wlltahir* 
 ImmI Ml Ml titri »mt. WImi m« m tola 
 of iIm p«c*" Bru<u«' H«r« w« Imv« • 
 QwiaUMi Brulua, wbo, in Um imUmi of • 
 Ibw Imnim, •an4«MiM lite da w gl m r to h» 
 k«ral aUra. mhI lii« mm l* b* bclMsdwl I 
 Turn ittjm dftorwMnl*, VIm«««i Raolif0nl(^ 
 ■mmmM vtM MMtfuld wilh kit unfarlttMto 
 aW|>Mtu«i I b« tviiMwl M laM forlilad* 
 Um MMMil«Mr IImm Im iMd doa* 
 U* JwlffM. Bdort llMir mmm^oii, 
 ' ail MqoMMd lo rM*kv« Um Imi (nm- 
 of raUgion, otmhmr* iMff liao, 
 W4 fMiivMl tko tloljr CooMMiakM. Oa 
 tfliytM HI iIm fool of 1^ iiaiiM . 
 MMkloai aMbraoMl Waatoii. Nonla. a^ 
 wMi 
 •f Um 
 
 fpi M aii lf ■» to Um M n « U iaw r . Wai>. 
 ]|lM fcdlateaiiinillialMltoi 
 m ol— Um* Im wmU 
 kla fMiUi to ita, kia aM a«a to 
 (•) 
 
 » I -" 1 bOTa dwamd to dK M k 
 • lltoMMMl iaatiM t bM te aa« 
 liti^H#a|«Ml. IffiH^ltMlRaito 
 Ui^i%*i ll«nta ••■ i fc ii l atoiiy 
 •Mir Matoa^** aUd Immmi. 
 
 ilaidar. tbrha •«■ kan^ 
 
 fWfwdvwU 
 nil MM ■bint to pMa ftvaa Utoa to 
 
 ».-p 
 
 t»l MiiUlliil OawnMi af Hmm aad of 
 lwaNPMI%w*aa|aal. AMtonibWaoi 
 MlaHwlMllM awaf Ui 
 
 ipaiW .MM «M M* W* ■■■•i ••■ ■• ■•• ■■•■^ 
 
 llMilMtk«*mhlo«apavit]r. WafWMiba 
 
 -ai 
 
 mmmM ma km, ikb la Um 
 C3«aitt7ih«iairiiikaa 
 
 Pw «mM la Umi «a bagMi I 
 
 Manrtw m JaM C 
 XXIU^ilifll 
 
 •taroUf , (Mil o«« of tbmii |iralMto4 a(ai««l 
 lb* |Htniabm*nl h« «•« •Ixiiil l<i mt§»*i 
 ■•>« iitM firiMUlnMii lb« inn<i«cn«« of lk« 
 (|tiMfi. IImI lb«f dt«d in«rl)m, urt «p« bi 
 Mp;»»s« ibat iheit tasg-jss v»u!d ha^s 
 baan MUnl f " W« knuw," tayt Unganl, 
 "lltat wban a man ara* atwmaad, t)t« 
 bkag't hoiMur raqiHrad Ihal ba ibuuld 
 ba condaianadi kn Hba maanar, wtlbuul 
 doubt, M w««ld ba*a baan eonatiiarad 
 ofW«m<ra lo (ba bliif. iImI a ««il|)rit. at iba 
 Ibot of Iba aeafbld, thould hava daatad 
 tka jaa Ue a of Iba taolanca paaaad u|Mn 
 lilaB.''f*) Bat If Um paraon eoadaaaad 
 waa MM |«itllf , iba ktnf wa* nt mora Ibaa 
 Ml aaaoaUonar i and tn ibat eaaa, for iba 
 aaka of alamal jvalka, ba ownbl t<> bava 
 aaaartod kla laaManc*, aopaabUI/, wha« 
 Hba NofTta, ba waa abia lo ahow bimMlf 
 tea n ne oua . aad d»atb waa InpenillRg sTer 
 a vWttn Uka Iba qtiaan. What can wa 
 Iktok 0l a bvolbar arbo aufhra daath, and 
 WMaa Ika brow of bh tialar alalaad witb 
 Um aeenaaUdn of Inaaal, If U^it tiatot ba 
 laaocaal of Ik* erima t 
 On Um Mbnriat dajr, tha qnaafl. oa 
 l a fciia d of ika laai wordi of Iba 
 oa UM aaafbM. MfltblOMd i "Ah t 
 I hM* Miaat iban Car bia aoul i Q«Ml wUI 
 jmUk bka tor bto Iftanf ) My broUMf 
 •Ml Ika Mbwa tn brfbra Um Im «f Um 
 
 ^»w^w ^w^fw ^po^w^^^^w^^ ■ w ^panv ^^^w va ^BH^^^^wpp ^r^^^ 
 
 • aoMiMM «MI ka wiahaJ to brtag to Iba 
 a«rfhM. Wo Mk fltoMMV a 
 
 MNNttt|f VM ■MHni WOVIVt WBWMl WMfV I 
 
 to diaaohra Utobokda Ikit kotMd blaol km 
 TCMfl bafcim Nov, dM itodar aaf mi 
 km fbrRoMm tkH Um uriiMakop pW* 
 ■owMoo iMt MBiM bo|WdMtltoi aAMP 
 kwiaff tofaka i 4t 1^ af Uio Ho<j 
 Ck«4 Mri vilb «ho gMfd Mdto Mo afaa. 
 
 HBw wMKM ■■ WtfW w9 MMS W> VMMMHRM 
 
 «ko priMi^i towAil wifclktokia mWmmt 
 tt «fl4< IVrW «bat ko kddaOlko*t 
 «l Ik* toorii \m Mo Mtodb. Ho kad 
 dMMod KallMriM iMMkMMb oti'aiNr 
 
 ■ ^v.- 
 
 , .n-Wbti ■4£f.fx^.<»4(af^ 'm*ii:4 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 
th«« prolMtett acAiMt 
 ••• •IkiiiI Id tuffbri 
 th« inii<i«-»nr« of tk« 
 
 rlt«<i ui4rt)r«, «r« w« In 
 taagusst wsalsj ha»9 
 knuw," «•/« Lingaril, 
 
 Ml »M •4i<]«Mli, lh« 
 
 tini tCi*l h« ibuutd 
 Hk« laaaiMr, irilkuul 
 luiva Wn ei>iial(i*r«4 
 R, «}ul • «ut|irii. •! ib« 
 1, thauld ha*« iknWd 
 
 ■MtoBM |MM«4 U|Mn 
 
 iIm parwm e«ad«aM4 
 hinif VM ni mat* Ihaa 
 d tn thai CM*, for lh« 
 Um. h* o«Khl to k«v« 
 tnM, MpMtyi/. whta 
 I ablt to tkow hlmMlf 
 ith WM IWp«nj!lRg eT«r 
 qUMS. What can wt 
 arlto Mfllira daath, and 
 r bta alitor atalaad with 
 Inaaat. tf that aiatat ba 
 
 OMt 
 
 f daf, tha qnaaA. on 
 iIm laai vordi of tha 
 ifbM.MfllfetaM4i''Akl 
 tbrhia ao«il| Ootl wUI 
 > lrtBff.C) Uf brolhar 
 I balhn ilM Im «l Um 
 
 wa.** Haarj'i nni a 
 
 ■I WM nM A ^MtB» Mt 
 
 • wtaM to bitaff to <bo 
 Ommmm a LMahoili, 
 
 I iNobto wm rnum tod 
 
 w, fkt ftodar aty imh 
 
 M tiM iMriiMdbop 1^ 
 
 I iftfilpto hto MtHMir 
 that ho koUoDllMihi 
 
 bir* <l« KMBT Vltt. 
 
 iMti |«t*fl to iMka Amm a «««««biaOk 
 In tiM ««NM ml ika li vtnn (ioil wiMim ba <!•#«• 
 lo rail to vilnaa*, ha •uaamon* Iha hinn 
 and qaaao la »pf^ bafura bta Iflbunal fiit 
 Ibra aAlMtiMi a| llMlf •««}>, te 9*<i«r that 
 Ihaf raaf thara aipUIn tha inolUaa, If thaf 
 \k»<f Mf, Ibai may |u«iif)r tba liUauluUun 
 ol Iba marriaf a.(*) On tb« appoinlad day, 
 iha king aod quaao appaarad hjp proty at 
 LaoibHh I Uaarj baiof raprM«atad bf 
 Ur. laaiyauii, and lUa iiMaaii b|r lira. 
 Woitoa and B*rh<>«r (k) On babaif of tba 
 priaoo. It waa pUodad thai hia MMtrtaffa 
 with Aana vaa ouU on atoouat a#hia barUm 
 pravloaoly aobobito<i willi bat akitar Mary i 
 and aa ibara aould ba ao oli^ttoo lo iba 
 rojral aAroMtlea. iba fnat araa ai oaca ad. 
 atliaktlod. Pravioua to hia marfbmo with 
 Mary'a alator. Haary bad ovrtaiair obtataod 
 fraoi Q aaaa a t VII. a diapaoMtloii «■(» tb# 
 Stal dogtaa of afloitf , and Iblo dlapaaaa- 
 lioa bad boon aobnowMfod bj Oaaaaav 
 !■ bio a«a baMtovMaff.t*) Cnuttaar dio. 
 iioflttloboil two ■Aaitioo I oao of Olviao 
 riffbt apobaa of la tbo Boob ol Lovitkao, 
 obleb ao buaM powor «mi obNnatoi 
 Iba otbot. of alvU rlfbl «MI vy»b daao ao« 
 aoootituto amaiabiawliiiiHiiat to WMh 
 Hagoi aed of tbk aotam vao Himtft 
 tOaily to Aaaok ooatiaatod bf bla latat^ 
 aoarMvllhbaraktoiPlllaqr. TUodotortoo 
 af ibo pniato yfOfalM aaiM^w HaMy 
 wM fcUbfU to hto wlkb b«i vb«i Mvaod 
 b]p tba tof« of JaM lofWHttk bo oaaekt to 
 to NlMoadl *«■ tte Jwwiaaf aa adoltoNM 
 oifa, a mmltiM^ ImM apM GtoMMi'a 
 ■iad. MmI tbtilWKia«IHM.W.lMlil of 
 Oiriaa.rifM.(,i,,,. ;,w,.... .,, , i,..,,. . 
 1W iff liv A» mhmmHutl 
 Aaao iol«y^ ifca <w i btob ap.,"a«to».bo»toa 
 larohad lb» awMflf JmmOMtUmtA tm 
 ^ v mf m ^iim t M ^h^" M<lh« toMiU* 
 
 Haaff ,«M AwM ap|ara4«) W* 
 
 if. aa bo aofa. bo tmij pttttmmxi a ao^t 
 a«l««Uoaa fluif, mhj abiuid ka fwl OMfltt 
 •adf If iba laorrtoffa. aMaadln^ la Mft 
 Ttidd, etitfbi not \m iMip«i(|nad. #bf aboatl 
 
 lM«7r 1^ ajaf jn«iiMfin iif rw^iion 9 WOO 
 
 tlionniar afraid I ll waa lh<iii||bt prodaal 
 to riMi'-Mj frnm tba publto iha aU^|o4 
 raaaona for priwoaantog tbo dUanliitioa, 
 and, eonaatioantJr. la tba minnUa of tbo 
 trial. Iba jilaea wk<wo tba ntaXlraa ak«Md4 
 bava baan atalad, la flilad up by tbo Inooiw 
 lion of Iba rbllowtag phraoa i Qhoo prm kit 
 trnttHit Aotort o«toaoa.n Towbataaaa* 
 aitrlbwto tbla oonoaalaaot. aalaaa to aa 
 atlaiapltoapafotbaktac'aroimiolioar Tba 
 a<ta of ibia Iniqulioua pooeadura warn aoo« 
 ooniaraaiealod lo iba alargy aad to Parttoi 
 BMali tboobwfyaoboiiiiadtoiboaoetoaos 
 uf tha HMtropoUtao. tbo two Hoaaoo to 
 tba aupwiar ka*wl.d|0 of tbo oiargy, aa4 
 BaHbod poaoaaaod ona laaittmato wife laa% 
 aad ona aaloidl cbiUI mora. Tbo roadw 
 wUl doabtlaoo bava obaorrod tbo ffalUaa* 
 flf tbo klBf lo tbo trial of Aaoo Bokjai 
 aad oapoetolly in tba prmjoadtogo al Um- 
 boik Had tbo divoro* boaa proeoaaawl 
 bofcra tbo qoooa'a ooadomnaMoa. Aan*. 
 ooald ao* baoo baan triad for adnllaay, ^iiti> 
 bar ■arHac^. in that caaa, wo«M bavo bo.'>< 
 afovood ooaoabhMM. Bial o*«a altor t,h« 
 Aaablo aontaneo ol ibo priaMMa aa^ *ba 
 
 mmi, what boeoniaa of tbo Act l 
 
 itoa. baaod opoa tbo aaaethy of tho i 
 
 fiaiior What la to bo tho roeooipaaaa Mf' 
 «M Uaod of 00 aai^ aoaka abod' Ibt llM 
 koBOMof afMaoHiator If tbo otatoto a« 
 •Moaaaloa waa not aibaad frMB «l»b(Mlr al 
 tho law, OnaflMi^ Jadyrtoaal -r^ U wtt^ 
 hlghtiaaaoai fcr thaiMratotohaiiNateti 
 htaMalf ■■laa k la to thai fendooi la# 
 vhWh paalihod with diaih aav aofcaw* 
 tolltod anatoal (ho btog. qaaaa, or thoi^ 
 PtotiOMoai in OMior tooatapo BfM 
 
 
 bf pwrlottt atotetoi 
 ikoaM Mate ihoir oriariaaliiy. if Utef h*d 
 baaa oooHBlMad bofeia tbo 8th of Jea% 
 ilM^ thoporiod of tho MMubHac oi"!^ 
 BaaMati mmI that tha btaf'a aahltoto wba 
 •booU bava tahta pan 4b tht ^laoipte trial. 
 Ur, Mf9 m»a$ ihrw l H i M to itar : 
 
 (!) 
 
390 
 
 uri oy ■KMRT rill. 
 
 ii'.i 
 
 bithop'i oooii, or befora ParliauMnt. thould 
 noaire » fall pardon for all crimat of 
 tiMMon commuted during the trial. Such 
 wu the penalty reaerred bjr Ood for thoa* 
 who abandoned Him by betraying the 
 •orereign lawa of logic i Mind made aub- 
 ordinate to matter t Parliament obliRed to 
 pMa a bill of indemnity In favour of the 
 Jodgeaofan adultreaai monkaaent to the 
 4caffMd for having inaulted a concubine t 
 Eliaabeth declared the olhpring of a 
 woman oosTieted of inoeat with her own 
 brother i the dergy rendered contemptible ; 
 • primate declaring that hia falaehooda and 
 hie baaeneee proceeded firom the B|drit of 
 Truth— what folly and hypooriay I 
 
 On the I6th of May, Cranmer wont to 
 the Tower by the king'e order, to hear Anne 
 Boleyn'a conreuion,(>) while the eueo- 
 tioner waa embarking at Calaia to come and 
 behead her. He waa the moet ezparieneed 
 executioner in England. Henry, therefbre. 
 made oae of hia royal prerogatiTe by com- 
 muting the aentanoe paiaad on hia faitUeas 
 wife. Anne wu to have periahed at the 
 atake i hia majeaty'a vaiigeaiice waa aatia> 
 fied with the block. On the ere of her 
 aieention, Aane paaaad a portion of the 
 day proatrate at tha foot of the eroaa. 
 Bananibering bar aevw* tteatmant of 
 Mary, tba dMghtor of Katha ri — , aba aent 
 fbr Lady Kiagaton, and naked her if aha 
 wooid ait down and reeehra a laat meaaaga 
 fronona who waa to die on the monow^ 
 Lady KiBgaton i^Ued, " thiUaha could not 
 Oink pf aittiiy in the prooenea of a queen." 
 «Ahl aadam." replied Anne, " I am no 
 longer • quaaa, M • poor wratoh eon- 
 damaad to the Uook.** Lady Kingaton 
 ant down ia an arm-chair, and Aane threw 
 luradf davatadly on h«rkneeabafbiaher.(i') 
 "Madam." aaid Anne, oobbing bitteriy. 
 *go to Mary, throw youradf at Imt fte^ 
 and with hande jcdned aa aina are now, 
 «aaiMr,that I aak hat pardon for the 01- 
 tnatmant I have canaad lur to BaaMr.''(*) 
 Kingaton haa bit oa a fiw partieulara 
 fdftiva to thaquaan'a bat momanta, wUoh 
 wf eaniiot omit to reproduoe here in theb 
 
 C*) The ankUahqi waa flkmed by the king 
 to baker eenhmer, and he riiiled bm on the 
 
 16di of Ma^.— Tomer: 
 
 (ki Mad. Prua. 
 
 (•) Bwnal.— Lanay, Hbt d'Aogtetena. 
 
 alfccting aimpliolty. "Thia morning. 10th 
 of May, the eent for mo to aee her receive 
 the iloly Communion, and at tha aame 
 time, to hear her eiplanation reapeoting 
 the Crimea of which ahe had been acouied { 
 and the told ma titatshe bad been informed 
 that ihe waa not to aulTer till afternoon, at 
 which the felt gricTed. aa aba had hoped 
 that death would have already delivered 
 her from her aufferinge. To thia 1 replied, 
 that her death would not be painfkd ( when 
 ahe rejoined, that ahe had bawd that the 
 executioner waa exceedingly akilful, and 
 beeidee. added ahe: 'my neck b vary 
 email,' at the aame time ebaping it in her 
 hMida and bughing heartUy. I have aeen 
 many put to death, both men and women 
 and have alwaya aeen them manifeating 
 great grbf, but ahe aeeua to make a pb». 
 aura of dying."C) Lord Bmou aaauraa ua, 
 that a few honra before her execution, 
 Anma aent tha following meaaage to the 
 king! "Sir*, I thank you for your con- 
 tinual favoora} from • woman of aimpb 
 rank yon made me • marohioneea, from a 
 manhioneee a queen, from a queen a 
 martyr." Bat. eaya an hbtoriaa. the mee- 
 aaga probably never ranched the king, who 
 wu engaged with Jane Seynwur.CO 
 At MiMay the prboa door waa opened, 
 
 and Aane appeared d rea a e d Ina robe of 
 bbek damaak, with a ptriatad ooUart on 
 her head aha wore tha vdvat hat in which 
 aha b rapraaaated bi aU Hidbeia'a por^ 
 traita.(<) Hie queen appeaiadto be more 
 afBwted.on aoeing tba eourtiera, who by 
 tha king*a oidata, atood on tha turf around 
 O* fbtal inatrument, tiian by tba eight of 
 tba aeafbld. Among them. Anna laeoff- 
 niaed the Duka of Snffidk, one of her 
 bitteraat anambe ; tha Duka of Bichmmid. 
 Haniy'a natural aoat Cromwdl, 0ie aa- 
 graleAil aervant. wboea eon bad marrbd 
 the abter of Jaaa Seymour, tha fiituia 
 Queen of Bogkad) tba Lord Mayor, iriio 
 bad eomfdimented baron kermairbga, and 
 a daputatioa fkom mea ot Utt eorpomtioDa 
 of London, who had atrewed the road with 
 iowera on the day of bar coronation. All 
 ■tiaageni. M KiagatM iaforaa ua, bad been 
 
 _ lI.«Lta««atba. 
 
 mriektaad. itnVL 
 Pina. 
 
 1 
 
'<Thia morninff, 19th 
 r mo to iM bar nciivt 
 lion, and >t tha uma 
 eipluMtion rcapaotinir 
 t aha had baan acaused ^ 
 taha had b«en informed 
 aulTar till aftarnoon, at 
 erad, aa aba had hoped 
 have already delivered 
 inga. To tbia I loplied, 
 IdnotbepainAilt when 
 ahe had bewd that the 
 xceedingly akilful, and 
 le: 'mjr neck ia vary 
 I time ehaping it in her 
 t heartily. I have aaen 
 both men and women 
 ■een them manifaating 
 ) eeeua to make a plea- 
 Lord Bsoon aaauraaua, 
 before her execution, 
 Uowing meeaage to the 
 tank 70a for your con- 
 >m • woman of aimple 
 I ft marohioneea, from a 
 aeen, from a queen a 
 re an hiatorian, tlie mea* 
 w ranched the king, who 
 lane Saymour.(*) 
 priaon door wae opened, 
 id dfee e e d toft robe of 
 kh a pdnted ooUart on 
 I tho Tdvot hat in which 
 I ia aU Hidbeb'a por- 
 MB appeared to be more 
 : the courtiera, who by 
 ■tood on the tnrf around 
 mt, tiian by the eight of 
 eag them, Anne leeog- 
 of SufRdk, one of her 
 the Duke of Riehairad, 
 Mat Cromwdl, tfie nn- 
 whoeo aon had married 
 M Segrmonr, the future 
 d) the Lord Mayor, iriio 
 1 heron hernarriage, and 
 I eaMi of Hm eorpomtioM 
 ad etrewed the road with 
 y of her coronation. AU 
 ;at(m inibrma ua, had been 
 
 !li.'5tS»! 
 
 UVB; 
 
 forced to leave the fortreee; there/ were 
 loarcely thirty men left in the Tower, and 
 tha majority of them without anpe. A 
 doroeatic of the ambateador of Charlee V. 
 could not obtain permiaaion to be preaent 
 at the exae-jtlon. Anna aecended tho acaf- 
 fold with a firm atep, accompanied by four 
 female attendanta, and the lieutenant of 
 the Tower. Then, turning towarda the 
 tpectatora, whom the Jealoua precaution of 
 the monarch had appointed to witncee the 
 werifice, ahe aaid t " Good Chriatian people, 
 1 have coma hither to die, that the law may 
 be aatiaSed { I aeouae no one, not even my 
 judgaa. May God praaerve the king, and 
 grant him a long reign; he ie a noble 
 prince, the moat generoue of men 1 he haa 
 alwaye trtfkted mo with the greateet kind- 
 n«ae and teodemeaa { I am quite reeigned 
 to my fate, and may tied padon me."(*) 
 Refttring the aid of tha executioner, (k) eha 
 then took offher head-dreee and ooUar, which 
 might impede the action of the axe, eovored 
 her bait with a linen oap, and addreeeing 
 heraelf to her maida, aaid t " I thank you 
 for your kindneaa, which I ehonld Uke to he 
 able to rewardi you will not forget mei 
 you will be faithful to the king, and to her 
 who will aoon be your queen and your 
 miatreae. Value your lionour mwe than 
 your livee, and forget not in your prayera 
 to the Lord Jeaaa to iaMraede for my 
 ioul."(*) llary Wyntt waa oa the acaflTold, 
 holding in her hand a Rrftywr-book which 
 IumI juat been given toher by the prieoner 
 u a inkm of her giatitade,(*) and received 
 Anne Bol^yn'a laat kite. The qaeen knelt 
 
 (a) From an aeoonat by Conatantyne, en 
 cye-witaeea.— AMUMlcria, BrU. XX HI. 
 (l>) OratiaaaatdeOaeiMavirarumillaatrium. 
 («) Oonatantyae. 
 («> Wyatt'B Uh, in Strawhany Hill, M88. 
 
 HINRr Till. 
 
 down, modeetly a4iuated her dreea about 
 her feet, alloweid bar eyee to be bandaged, 
 and pladng bar head on the block,(*) 
 repeated: " Lord Jeaua, have mercy on 
 me" — the axe fell. 
 
 At that very moment, a hunter of large 
 etature, aeated under the brancbee of an 
 oak in Epping Foreat, and aurraund<>d by 
 a pack of hounda and numeroua huntamen, 
 waa hanging hie head and liatening to 
 every aonnd that waa wafted by the breeae, 
 when the air waa ahakan by the report of a 
 cannon fired at a dietanee. "To horae," 
 eaid he, making an effort to riee. "it ie all 
 over ; tie up the doge, and let ua depart"(0 
 
 At Wrlf Hall in Wiltahhre, a woman waa 
 preparing her white dreea, her boaaet, her 
 veil and her bouquet, for ehe waa to he 
 married oa the morrow. The boater waa 
 Heary; the woman, Jane SeynKmir. Oa 
 the 30th Of May, the day after Aaaa 
 Boleyn'a execution, Henry led the lorefy 
 Jaae Seyaaonr to the hymeneel altar, ia 
 preaeace of eoaie of the oMmbera of Ua 
 Privy CeuneO, and among otheta of Sir 
 John RuaeeU, who lauded the ehanae of 
 tha bride and tha grcee of the royal brid»> 
 groom.(r) Tho happy eoaphk aftor tha 
 edebratioa of tho nuptial eefaoMM^ tk 
 Tottiagham Church, aat out ftar Marwall, 
 atayed a fhw daya' at ^neheeter, and 
 returaed to Loadoa oa tha asthof liay.(k* 
 
 (a) Qralianna — The axe that waa uaed t» 
 the bahaading of Anna Boleya ii atlU to he 
 aaen at the Towar of London'. In the Britiek 
 Mua. (4188. Hail.. No. S35S) are the MS, 
 reraae of her brother, Viaconnt Boohfiwd.— • 
 HawUaa.— Hiat of Muaio. 
 
 (t) Noit'a Life of Surrey. ^ 
 
 (ff) The king waa the goodUaat pereoa there. 
 
 » Brittott'e Wiltahiie.— ItOnM'a Wb^ 
 
 %■ 
 
 1 
 
 «• 
 
M:i; 
 
 un or nnvT Tin. 
 
 Ill 
 
 i- 
 
 CHAPTER XXXVI. 
 
 IH8UBBBCTION8.— 1637. \ 
 
 ''fi.SSrSL to"I3^*w: I^TpmU^ •«iw«Md^lltir .trtrtt..-ln.wr.ed«ito «h. 
 [^; g iy^i5yZ!f««rio»^-«^ of ihwrt^DwUh of J«M Boymoiir. 
 
 bttar to iba king, which ih* nihniitltd to 
 th« potiMl of »h« >^aM>u«nenJ, sh* do. 
 duod hwMlf nadj to fwMn handf. hw 
 nnk «ad h«r «teteii«oto thokinR'a OMrqr, 
 ia •vorytUng that waa oot dlsplcMing to 
 Ood. OoBwaU did not lika tUa traly 
 ChnatiaD dm&m, and avadaf cw***" •*• 
 ^aoatona. ha rotofnad tiw lattar to Marr. 
 who nplM thi« aha w«i In the habit, 
 whalhar in apaakiaf or writlof , to lahr 
 •mythiaft to tha wUl of Ood. bat that aha 
 
 iraald oabmit wUhoot a womar to tha 
 ■dvioa of bar prolacta*. and (IdkbAiUy eopy 
 
 any latlar that ha night think propar tu 
 
 diatato.(<) 
 
 Henij laqafaradabUad aabndaatont ha 
 eoMantad to faatan tha prineaaa to favow, 
 
 if aha woald aekiwwladga bar fatbar at 
 BopraoM Hand of tha Andean ohoidi, eon. 
 ridar tha PopaaMialj Miha Uahopof BoB^ 
 and »"*"»■«■* u an ineaataona wifr (fi 
 Thaaa ooaditiona baiag oompliad irfth. ha 
 pnMBiaadtoambiacakUebild. Onraadinf 
 «balnlw«idaof^UalMmlai7.Mar7eaii]d 
 
 aalthar amwad bar taMa^ Mr har'4adif' 
 BMion. Alena, withoal Maadib wMnat 
 adTiea, bar c-tfy Mimto»fm ia Owawall. 
 whom aha aadaarowad to iataiaat ia h« 
 taron. Bat to whoei waa aha applyinfi 
 Tb that ira»4aBrtad anatant who had 
 aaid not knif bafian^ that ha waold rath* 
 aaaUaaoa «a tbMi daay tha aopranfy m 
 
 Tn. badf el QMaa Anna Bolayn waa 
 tohan np by tha piooa woaam who acoon- 
 faaiad k« to tha aeafbld, wuhad, wrapped 
 laa wUto dooad. placed la a eoflin of elm 
 naod. wUeb awaited tt at tbe foot of tha 
 ■MUd, Md boriad in the chapel of Si. 
 FM« ad vfaMBbu(*) ^^ **?*" hnned on 
 tta dtatt M hlaak waa hnnf roond tha 
 Mikofthadiapali no priaft waa in tha 
 GtaMht no pf^yan www «■*«» "P '»«" 
 lM««hak thiaayaOTbeian. had bad plaoad 
 a»'lMr head, bf tha boB4a of aa as«b> 
 blahM^tbaannniaf Bt.BdWMrd. Biahop 
 ttaatoA teak iha iibar^r el ifnanlliaff tha 
 laaMdaak wUla «haj waia aliB warm. «l 
 bar whoaa dbaplaia ha had baaa. In a 
 tottar to CtamweU. baariaic date aaid Maj. 
 iM bad the aadaoity to aayt "She hath 
 vittmi»"imt<a m. 'Ilrttftoetto* 
 aba wfMMB^lMd lata mmj tm bar 
 
 llii|MMr>4deUf«Mi«b» 
 
 wbtah'aba bad i^torfW fci«f the ^p0m 
 8ba.«aa* to fiaidaoa, and thnw h«adf 
 •B>liarkM«BHwfoni Mkiy wMibavhanda 
 lolnad. |wt aa aha had praodaed. UUfi 
 tnmhm aoUtode ibna wrote iamadlatelj 
 toCkomwall: " No one veaftaiad to apaak 
 i ia my tmm oo long m that 
 waa UvLag. whom ai^ Ck>d paidoa. 
 Now that abe ia ao mora, I beg of yoa to 
 latareeda for me with hie wijaaty. My 
 writing to my bad. hot it ia owing to my 
 aothaTing bean aOowad to traoa a dngla 
 Uno for the taMt two yaaia.'W 1» *»« 
 
 (.) Sir John SpataatfanoteaiaBaiaat. 
 (fc) MI)S.Olho» ex., MO. 
 
 tSuiH PwoTSaariaTtta HaarU^T 
 
>Tta« oonlnriim whMi Hmiy 
 •MM.— luomethm in Ui« 
 -Th« wvol» U rop p m n *.— 
 of Juu ■•ymoiir. 
 
 ;, wbioh Aa mbniitttd to 
 
 •4f to imM» bMTMlf, h« 
 ■teHOoto thaklnx's nMrqr, 
 at WM not dlsplflMing to 
 1 did not liko thU truly 
 t, and «ruiac Mrtain ex- 
 tofMd Uw latter to Mw7t 
 kt aho wM in tlio liabit, 
 ikii^ or writtnf , to lafo 
 I will of Ood. bnt that stia 
 riihont a mormar to tha 
 otKtav. and feikhAiUy copy 
 ha night think propar tu 
 
 •dabUnd mbndaaion: ha 
 lion tha prineaaa to favour, 
 eknowladga bar falhar at 
 if thaAa^tteanbhnidi, eon- 
 Nnly M«ha UahopoT BoiB^ 
 u an Ineaatnooa «M»i (4 
 u being oompliad adth. ha 
 kracaklaefaild. Onnadinc 
 f^UalkMriaiT.Maryeaald 
 I har«M»Mr hvindig- 
 I, wilhM* Madhb witboat 
 rMMMwaiiaOtoBwdl. 
 iMfowad to intaiaat in h« 
 B wheel ma aha allying > 
 hearted enatvat arbo bad 
 befign^ the* ha woold rath* 
 I than deny the eoprauacj of 
 
 LIVI or BIWRT Tin. 
 
 JnllMiie ttta Ha 
 p£;tl^4U4«. 
 
 inrib 
 V. 
 
 Henry t Bheexpaetad from the aeeratvy 
 Boma words of oontolatioii, eomo gentle 
 rtmonitnno«t, perhepe a few tears of 
 •ympathy, but she received only threats 
 and ineulta. Cromwell called her an 
 obitinau, hard-hearted, (•) and wicked 
 woman, who merited condign ohaatleement. 
 Should the peniit in her fatal ohetinacy, 
 he threatened to abandon her for erer, and 
 treat her aa an unnatural child, dieobedient 
 to her Ood and to her father. The mie- 
 creant condeeeende for a time to adopt a 
 language fmoHiar to the young prinoeeei 
 he holde np that church, of which Uenty 
 wet the head, aa the ebureh of Chriett ha 
 even goee eo fttf ae to eerear moet blae* 
 phemouely, that he would for ever renounce 
 the mercy of God, if that church wu not 
 the true one.(k) Intimidaled, reduced to 
 a state of deeperation, and more to be 
 pitied dian blamed. Mary eoneenU to eign 
 the confension which had been drawn up 
 at Oreenwidi. She acknowledged Henry 
 as her lord and king, and anbmitled to tha 
 lawe and ordinaneca of tha kingdom. Bhn 
 agreed to taeogniae the king aa Bopiwan 
 Head af tha Anglicnn churoh, under Jaana 
 Chri^' lad to r^eel tha Joriadiction which 
 the biehopa of Boma had formerly vewpad 
 in tha kingdom. She ewoea diat tha 
 mairiaga between the king and tha late 
 queen dowager, her nether, wne inoeetootia 
 and illegitimate, aod in oppoeition to lawa 
 human and divine.(*) 
 
 Katharine muat ha«« ciiiad to God fai 
 heaven s ** Have pity on ny nhild, ibr dm 
 knowa not what aha ia doliig t"(«) Let it 
 
 1 
 
 (•>) Wheiefiwek madame, to be plain with 
 yoD, ae Oed ia my witness. Uke ea I tUnk yon 
 the moet obstinate and eMnmto woaun. aU 
 thinp coneideiedt th4^ overwae. 
 
 (oT State Papeie, 1. 1., 44ft-9.— Bnmet 
 
 (•) The nnafcesien ie in the SpUtft ef 
 Heun%^ and ia signed JfSscfSk 
 
 (<) Kathmiaa of: Aingoiii r e f ueete d Lndo* 
 rioo l^vleb who wae aqried the eeeond Q«jn> 
 tillian, to eemucm a trentiee on a d ac a t i e n Ibt 
 the nee>ef Maty. Vivto weato It in Latin g 
 hti would net allow kiavvpU ta read L'Amadia 
 dst Oanlae, Tyian Ie Buno, Laneetot du Lacu 
 Piane do Provaaeo, La Ftfe'Mdoaineb and 
 other MNMrnaef of cMvnliy. Ho altowad ber 
 te lead 4lmJM» eC thn (If netlea. ftegnsnts of 
 UwOM TMaawnt. tha worke of 8S. Oyptiaa 
 
 I MMon 
 
 t9| 
 
 not be imagined that Henry, proud of hia 
 victory, left hie daughter in peac e . Ha 
 insisted upon her revealing to him the 
 namee of those pereone who. until then, 
 had encouraged her in her obetinaoy t bnt 
 the princeee, aware of his bloodthirsty pro* 
 peneity, indignantly replied that ehe was 
 ready to eulbr a thoueand deathe inther 
 than denounce any of ber (rienda to him.(*) 
 The king yielded to his better ftaelings and 
 reonllud Mary, who, in the pereon of Jaaf 
 Seymoor, found a eieler and ahnoat • 
 notber.(') Tha qnaen'a trial, and tha 
 avento which natwmlly nnet hnva wa n ltod 
 from it. determined iha king to oonrokn • 
 freeh Pkriianent. fle opened tha aaaai«l 
 in penon, and in hie e p eeeh to the U t m m, 
 he made a merit of his having 
 unfortunate in his two flitt 
 etated hia intenttoo of eootraatlng a third 
 for tha benefit of hia well-bektved eul^eete. 
 The epeaker receivod thie deoiaratioa wUh 
 all tha marke of tha noet eineera gmtitadsb 
 and congntolatMl the nnrdenr of M«N 
 and neher, tha bloatad hnnler vho «0«Ui 
 not gat on hcraaback, tha leper 
 firon a loathaona nicer, oa th* 
 and ncial gUlawith whicfatthad 
 (Jodtoendor himj ha 
 Solonon on aeeoant of hia 
 jnetieei to Sampson on 
 strength and eouragot to 
 aeconnt of his gmee and be«uy.(a) 
 
 Tha king nada a nwdeel rejdy fhiMgh 
 hia ChancaOor. Andlaj. ia wMtk ht M> 
 
 tfik«an 
 that ha waa pwasnid at ailii^Mn 
 gifta and Ghrl 
 homsffa waa doa toOadialaM^l^i 
 thie aaatanoa, And% tnmad twenidii Mawy 
 to aoaapBraonl bin m ^ aanrtf 
 Ma akaise. «M Lady Jlme»> 
 bannty. aaA parity of Seal 
 
 pared bin *• 
 mi 
 
 the Perlabissieef Bmsmat, More^UleBin#^ 
 MeddsnVPiivy »MW Bspsnsnof Maiy. 
 
 Huno 
 (f>Ib, 
 lb. 
 >)' Her convenient y«ai% ( 
 
tN 
 
 Lira or BMiiBY Y^n. 
 
 \ 
 
 t 
 
 «iloii||h of MrrUoda, Md oMof 
 
 Ma Int MU WM th* nltflealion of th« 
 diroTM of th* momrch from Aom BoUya. 
 TIm quMa md h«r MeoaplioM w«r« d«- 
 «lu*d to b« for vnt hraudod with inftmy. 
 uid Uiitf Md BliMbtth iUtRitimaU. Th« 
 thron* WM Mound to the childrtn of Jtn* 
 Stjmiour, or to thoM of any other wifo 
 that Hanrjr miffbt aabaM|aantly many. In 
 the eaaa of hia dying without iarua, the 
 ParttanaBt aothoviaad tha prinea to diapoaa 
 of tha eiowa aeootdicR to hia food plaaaura, 
 aHher by hia will or by lattara patant, aaaled 
 with tha gnat aad. Thna. by a atfaoga 
 lavwalon of tha aimplaat kwa of logio, tha 
 ^tuttaaMBt daatroyad tha work, bowevar 
 iaiqviloaa, which it had jnat eoiii|>latad, by 
 anpowarlnf tha king to nomSnata Klita> 
 bath or Mary to tha throaa, although thay 
 had baan dackrad illagitinata. But thia 
 outnga on eonuBon aanaa waaa proof of 
 awrilityi it waa wall known that, in tha 
 •vaut of Jana proving barran, tha king'a 
 tetaatioo waa to baqnaath tha rrown to tha 
 Doha of Biobmond, whoae daath, bowarar, 
 •eenning aoma tioM aftar. dafaatad tha 
 plana arrangad in hia Ihfonr^*) 
 
 By thia atatuta, tha BnglUh panal eod« 
 vhldi, fimn tha raign of Hanry VII. had 
 tocriaiad daUy in axtant, by tha aooaaaion 
 of naw eiimea which tha kw waa bound to 
 poiaaa onto daath. it waa declared an act of 
 tNMra to print, pobliah, or aay. a aingla 
 wwd ngibiit tba paraon of tha king or hia 
 kiint to attempt to defeet anyacte or pro- 
 mJiaga that the king might adopt in eon- 
 flaqawMa of the billi to oall in qneatios 
 |h* linett^P of tlM new marriage, or of any 
 «tb«r Mat tiM Uag might eontraett to 
 paiiitBln, aithar by wiitii^ cm- by word of 
 aoBth, <ibe validity of hia two fliet mar^ 
 ik^pai to acknowledge Maryud Sliaabeth 
 aa kgitteate t to rafnaa, no matter under 
 vImI pcatezt, to reply on oath to quaatioaa 
 wMbnt to tha oianaai^ aameneee, or ein(^ 
 WMda cMitained iB«ha atatotei toiaAiae 
 «MOMdiofobadkM»to«heacii to marry. 
 «||kock«lM«oneairtofthaking,any prinema 
 i&iad to ^ crown within the Krat degree 
 flf iMai^-Ci And what waa pariiapa Mia 
 (•on monatrona, tiw FUliaaant added 
 
 (e) HayUn.— Hwna. 
 
 (k> Stat. Hauy TiUL-Mqrptv-lUiwaid. 
 
 fraah plirilegee to the already aiborbitant 
 prerogativee of the orown. It granted to 
 Henry imd hie aufceaeora, the power of 
 annulling any legiilaiiva act that ahcald 
 have beim paeeed before the reiffning love- 
 reign bad atuaned hie twanty.fourth year. 
 The Parliament thue riveted ita future pro- 
 oemlingii to a lasting aervility. Under 
 theea circumatancee, Henry woukl have 
 been able to diepenae with soliciting a 
 divoroe f^m Katharine, for, to prove iu 
 invalidity, he would only have had to ahow 
 the certiiAoate of hie birth. Thenceforth, 
 the word or the eignature of a king of 
 Bngland. given befbre be had attained hia 
 twenty-fourth year, although aanetioned 
 by Parliiment, would only be coneidered 
 aa a bauble, ehould auch be the prinoe'e 
 fancy. 
 
 Aa it waa eeeential to ahow that Parlia- 
 ment did not in vain threaten with iu anger 
 any dtiaen who ehould be found daring 
 enough to brave it. Lord Howard, the 
 brother otf the Duke of Norfolk, waa found 
 guUty of high treaaon. by a biU wbi«h wu 
 read and paeeed three timee through both 
 houeee, for having contracted a aeoret 
 mairkge with Margaret Douglaa, Henry'e 
 niece, by hie eiaiar the Queen of Sootland 
 and die Itarl of Anguat thia aet being 
 ooneidered a suffloient proof that ha aspired 
 to the throne. Howard and the young 
 prinoem ware imprieoned in the Tower, but 
 the latter waa rcleaeed through the inluenoe 
 of the Dowager Qneen of Scothmd, and 
 baeauaa of her eex. Howard ia eaid to 
 have been poiaonad ia piiaon.(*) Henry 
 viewed him in the light of a pretender, at 
 laaat, and ha wiahcd to sleep in peaoa in the 
 anna of hia new irife; but while eeeking, 
 u the eooiaty of hie yoong queen, to drive 
 away theghoeta of hia two wivee. which 
 were eontinually haunUng Vua in hie deep, 
 he waa naexpeetedly alaimad by >a iosor- 
 laetion in tha north. During the religious 
 ravoltttione of tha siztaenih oentury, it not 
 onfiequant^ happened that the eignal of 
 idiefto a people oi^rasaedin their faith 
 and libertiee, raada ita flial ^ipaaranee in 
 the moontaina. 
 
 i^ oa briaiy akatoh the hialory and 
 miasniUe failun «f tha nartham 
 
th* aliMdy tshorbitanl 
 I orown. It gvanted to 
 Kcmon, the powar of 
 iilMiv* act thkt should 
 lefara the niKniDH mt*- 
 bi« tw«aty<foiirth jrear. 
 at rivaled it* future pro- 
 iting Mrrility. Under 
 ea, Henry woukl have 
 tenae with aoliciting a 
 faerine, for, to prore iu 
 d only have had to ahow 
 lie birth. Thenceforth, 
 aiRnature of a king of 
 (tore be had attMoed hia 
 r, although aanetioned 
 ottld only be conaldared 
 lid auch be the prinoe'a 
 
 tial to ahow that Partia- 
 in threaten with iu anger 
 ibould be found daring 
 it. Lord Howard, the 
 te of Norfolk, waa found 
 laon. by a bill whinh wm 
 hree timea through both 
 ng contracted a aeoret 
 rgaret Douglaa, Henry'a 
 r the Queen of Bootland 
 Anguat thie aet being 
 ient proof that he aapired 
 loward and the young 
 iaoned in the Tower, but 
 aed through the inluenoe 
 ^iinan of Scotland, and 
 u. Howard ia aatd to 
 ad in priaon.(*) Henry 
 » light of a pretender, at 
 klto aleep in peace in the 
 irifei but while eeeklng, 
 'm young queen, to drive 
 »f hie two wivee. which 
 aunUng Van in hia deep, 
 lly akmed br an inaur- 
 b. Daring tha raligioua 
 aiztaemh centory, it not 
 lened that the eignal of 
 oppraaaed ia their futh 
 b ite flnl ^>pearaaoe in 
 
 ■katoh tlw hialory and 
 f tha MiUiani 
 
 )HaM. 
 
 tnm or nwmt tiii. 
 
 aSft 
 
 who roaa In reheHion agalnat the tyrant'a 
 oppreation. Their revolt, widely diHlarent 
 from that of the German peaaante, waa 
 wholly rellgiona. Attached to the ancient 
 faith of Alfred, these men from the dietant 
 countieaaaw with dresd. the introduction 
 into the king'e Privy Council of CromweU 
 and Rieh^the secret enemies of Catholicism ; 
 the elevation of a married prieet to the 
 higheat dignity in England i the nomina- 
 tion of Shazton to the a«e of Saliabury, a 
 nan who bad adopted the viewe of Zuin- 
 gliua on the Euohariat The execution nf 
 More and Fisher had excited painful 
 emotions in Unoolnshire, where they were 
 revered aa uartyra. The dleaatlafaction 
 inereaaed in the country partt after the 
 epoliation of the religioua hooaee, which 
 the peaaant had been taught to revere tiom 
 bia childhood} for they were hie iun when 
 travelling, bia hospital when eiek, hia worii- 
 house when he had faHen into indigence i 
 under all his dilBealtiea the peaaant had 
 reeonrae to the monks > and bene*. In the 
 remonatranoe which they humbly addraaaed 
 to their lord and maeter,tbey kid great 
 streee upon the condition of the poor of 
 hu kingdom, who were left withoat aid, 
 deprived of the means of eubsistenee, and 
 alwndoned without pity on the high road. 
 The peaaante were about to fiumiah Henry 
 VIII., whoae pen had ao long remained 
 idle, with an opportunity of ahowing that 
 he had loet none of hie juvenile vigour 
 unce hia oonteet with Luther i but on thia 
 occasion, he doea not refute the Saxon, he 
 oopiea him. Luther, addreeeing himaelf to 
 the rebela of Thurfngen, eud to them: 
 " Per the ase, thiatka, a padtaaddle, and a 
 whip; for you, oat etraw."(«) Henry is 
 leaa laconic, although equally inaulting: 
 " How preeumptuoua are ye, the ?ude eom> 
 mona of one ahire, and that one of the 
 moat brute and beaatly of the whoto realm, 
 to find CsttU with your priiice for the elect- 
 ing of hia coonaellors and prelatee, and to 
 take upon you, contrary to Ood'a law and 
 mao'a law, to rule your prinoe whom you 
 era bound b7 aU law* to obey and serve, 
 whh both your livee. laada. and gooda.'*(k) 
 
 S! 
 
 OeWitta. 
 MMaPiyen. 
 
 On the aame day, he obeerved to Wriotheely, 
 one of hie eeoretMries i " That he would 
 rather sell all hia plate than that theae 
 traitoru should not be put down aa an 
 example to othere." Cromwell waa, in 
 faot. onlrrtd to go to the Treaaury of tha 
 Tower, and Uke from it whatever plate h* 
 required and send it to the Mint.(<>) 
 
 The insurrection progressed, for not only 
 were the peasants in arms, but also the 
 Isndlords, who, as ths former patrone ot 
 the monasteries now dissolved, complained 
 of having been deprived of certain rever. 
 sions, reeerved by the charter of their 
 '^oundatione, and asserted that the huids of 
 a enppreeeed community ought not tu be 
 forfeited to the crown, but should return to 
 the repreeeniativee of the original donors i 
 by the epoliation and secolariaation of a 
 monaatery. they, the protectors and heirs 
 of the institution, were deprived of their 
 righte and privilegee. («i) Wbat reply 
 eottld be made to them ) We need not, 
 therefore, be astonished to find the Arch- 
 biehop of York, th« Lorde Nevil, Darcy, 
 Liinsley, Latimer, and a great number of 
 the tenaato and landholders making com- 
 mon oauee with the insurgente. Had the 
 rebellion been triumphant, they would have 
 been considered patriote, and their namee 
 would have been venerated i but the inaur- 
 rection having failed, they were confounded 
 with the rebela, and pleaded in their Juati- 
 fleation, that they bad been compelled b/ 
 circumatancea to enter the ranka of the mal- 
 contenta. The rebeUion originated in 
 Lincolnshire, inatigated by Dr. Mackrel, 
 Pri» of Backlinga, diaguiaed aa an artiaaa. 
 and Dr. Melton, under the naoM of the 
 cobbler Captun.(*) They wera aoon joined 
 by a body of 20,00Q malcontanta. Tha 
 Cobbler, an eloquent epeakw, waa eon- 
 miseioned to draw up their maaiiaBto. Tli» 
 peaaante, in the firet place, ewote fldelify to 
 Ood,totheking,aadtotheetatai. Iftiuy 
 took up anna, it waa aolely to obtain r*> 
 dnaa for eertain grievanoee whkh titef 
 eanmerated ia an hiuable petition to their 
 lord and master, the gk>riouaH*iii7. Tbtj 
 oomplained ct the enaotoMnt of certain 
 
 StateP4sn,I.,4S2. 
 
 Uagaid. 
 
 State Payan* I.| > 
 
IJVI or BIMIIT Ttlt. 
 
 kmw by ftrHHMnl «k(eh INN toe Hforawi 
 
 of tkt nppNMtoll of lh« MDOllw OMHMO- 
 
 tartMl of iko ipoliiAioB of ■ tfnmi nnoibar 
 of nUfioiM booMMi of ooaaMllora wboai 
 ptntoioM odvicti would ultinuUljr inror- 
 Huov iIm kisfsdom i of eaotoln bMiopa who 
 » ittiv'^.!**'. itnB>K^!>t« Um MMMnt fiith 
 Viob ttM kiim WM bound 
 ti NBBk' aptif aa poaaibU. 
 
 At tbf t ' .'•port of 1^^ nbaUloo, tha 
 kiln ordorad tb« EKika of SuSbUi to pat 
 down tbaiavolti whila ba hiaMalf,aaMODaod 
 la hia itody. «adaavourad to lapljr to tba 
 ■uwiilMto of iba poaunta. " Haa it a«ar 
 baiota baaa baard of," aahad kai •' tbal a 
 ^ik popdaea aboald praaeriba to tba kioff 
 tba aboiaa of bia aiabtonf If ba baa 
 ■Bppiaaaad tba ■anntariaa, waa it not bj 
 tiftaa of a kfrWativa act) WbM aort of 
 mm wtra dw ■^orlty of tba abbota aad 
 piiota tbal wava axpatlad ftaiB tbafar moBaa* 
 tafiaar tiao eonnd with aibaaai bat 
 patbapa It waold kam baan battar to baiva 
 thaaa da b i o had aad bypoaritiaal aoaba to 
 davow tba taaaaata af tha eonunaBitiaab 
 than allow tha kiair to aoiploj tbau fai tha 
 andowoMat of nadbl aataUiabiMHi {-(•) 
 Hany eoaaaadad tba rabab to laj dawm 
 
 to tbraw thatwlTai on bia 
 by pnHBpl t apa nt anw , and to 
 Rlva up to bia efla«a tha aei||inatanof tha 
 tavtit , who ahoold aMat thair Jaat pnaiih. 
 «wat^) Tha fiamnto, who bad no nwia 
 eonMmet in Hav/a alamanoy than in bia 
 goad Mlh, la ftM ad to obay. Monka with 
 rki thair baadatmTanad tb#ir lanha 
 
 jad tham to miat " Yon 
 wiB tm," aaid ihay. "that tba timwiU 
 ahortly aaoa, whan fan will naittiar ba abia 
 to nwiy nor faoaiTa tba MMninanta witl^ 
 
 tn avny aUaa of baaf that yon aat, aad 
 ■aon thm will no lonnar ba aithar aMaaa- 
 tlriaa ar ehwebaa in Rnghndi yonr aaaaa 
 li a nobla onat it ia that of Qad and Ua 
 •"(•) Savanl aoblaoMn. 
 tiM paaianto had fwead to 
 dMir naka» aaerat^ iafSgnnad Bafrik that 
 Iha Um'a paaahuMtioB had initatadtte 
 
 r*) Bnnat 
 M^tod^HMflria of 
 
 Oiaat Sritaiaa.— 
 
 rabali, and that tlio baat aaana of «ob- 
 eiiiatloff th«in would ba to |iroclaini an 
 aainaaty. Nuia«rou« maaugea wera «i> 
 aban^ batwacn iha royal Iroopa and tha 
 lahalt, who Anally turrandcrad, on raceiving 
 tba Ubr'* proiniM of a ttM pardon. Henry 
 frantad this amnoaty, not through pity, but 
 through faariC) and. if Gardintr ran ba 
 raliad on, ba had aran dalcrninad, at ona 
 tima^ on a raeonciliation with Ruma, with 
 a Tiaw to atlfla tha ravolt.(«) 
 
 Tbia ioaumction aaaumtd ita moat ttr- 
 midabla aapaot in Yorkabira, whara tha 
 paopla. aeouatomad to tba uaa of anna, wara 
 eouragaooa and patiaot, and in oaaa oi 
 iUmt eoald aaaily baat a rairaat into tha 
 Boighbooriag roountaina of Scotland, where 
 tboy wai« aura of BMating with a kind re- 
 aaf^oa aad of flading nuoieroaa partiaana ; 
 for tha raaoUaation of tba Iktal battle of 
 Floddea waa otiU fraab in tba minda of 
 tha Baotoh, who bad awom mortal hatred 
 to Bagknd. Tba fiightfti] miaery of the 
 paaaantry ia tba North, aad eapcaially of 
 tha alatfyr aetad aa a powarftil incantive to 
 tha lavoU. Ptotaataat biatoriana axpatiato 
 with daligbt an tba igaotanoa of tba York- 
 ahira priaeto i bat what could ha taaaonably 
 aipaetad btm nan whoaa uinnal lavanna 
 uaaonlyafnr poundafO So miaerably 
 raaoaaratad. that tbay coidd ooareely 
 naaaga to anbaiat, ia it aatoaiahing that 
 tbay waia aot la poaaeaaian of tboaa hooka 
 that prograaaiTa arieaea waa tbaa bringing 
 oat for tha oiriliaation of tba wutM) 
 Whan tha iaaarraetton apnad firoea tba 
 bordara of Scotland to tiia Humbar, non- 
 bora of priaato joined tba rebala, oigad on 
 by niaary aad "fanatiaam," if entbuaiaatie 
 fUth may ba tarmad fanaticiam. Tba 
 laadar of tbia raligioua crnaada ^raa a 
 gantlaman of tha nama of Aaka, wImh 
 aocording to tba obronidara, waa poaoanad 
 of tboaa qualitiaa iriiich aia baat raltmhrtad 
 
 (<) By the inforaatlaoB diaeloaad by Oar- 
 diner in one of hia aarmona under the Qnan 
 Maiy, during theae nortkom rebellieaa, Haary 
 wae 00 al a n ae d aa to have aet kma then^Ua oi 
 raooncUiag aad reuniting hia kingdoai t«>BoiM. 
 — ^Turner. 
 
 (•) HUBM. 
 
 (0 llieir beneAcea were ao exile, of 
 <4 V 4d. per annum, UuU no Icamod bub 
 would take iLaai.— LcMer of tha Axabbiahoa 
 tt>Cromw8lVMy«,lMB. ^ 
 
tilt hmH mmnt of md. 
 )uld b« to iirucUiin in 
 »ui nMflUKet wer« ci. 
 ho royal troop* and ih« 
 lurrondcrtd, on roceiving 
 it ft frao iiardon. Henry 
 rty, not through pitjr, but 
 md. if Gardintr can b« 
 aren dateriained, at ona 
 Illation with Room, with 
 raToh.(») 
 
 n aMumcd ita moat fop. 
 I Ytirkabira, whara tha 
 I to tb* uaa of anna, wara 
 Mtiaot, and in ona* ot 
 f beat a rairaat into tha 
 itaina of Hootland, whara 
 OMatinii with a kind re- 
 lag nunarona partiaana t 
 ■ of the Iktal battle of 
 freeh in the minda of 
 ad awom mortal hatred 
 MghtftU miiierj of the 
 North, and eapceially of 
 I • powarf^l ineantive to 
 (taut biatoriana expatiate 
 ) IgaotwMe of tha York- 
 ahat conld he teaaonably 
 I wboae winaal laTanna 
 under So miaerably 
 ; thef coidd acareely 
 I, ie it aetoniahing that 
 laaaaeion of thoae hooka 
 iiene* waa then bringing 
 iiatioa of the wutid) 
 MtioB apnad firoea tbe 
 d to tbe Homber, nan- 
 led the lebela, urged oa 
 uticiam," if anthuaiaatie 
 mod fanaticiam. The 
 lUgioue craaade ^nw ■ 
 I naoM of Aake, wbo^ 
 ironidera, waa poaoaaaad 
 riiicb •(• beat ealeotaitad 
 
 inatiooB diadoead by Oar- 
 ■ermona nnder the Qnaaa 
 Mrtkem rabalUeaa, Hawy 
 kayeaefMMutlMiidUaof 
 Iting hia kingdoB to BoBM. 
 
 Icea were ao ezUa, 
 lum, Uiat no Icamod ■ 
 Letter of the Axekbiahep 
 
 itni or iiBiiST Till. 
 
 Ml 
 
 to aeduea the people— courage and eoolneaa. 
 The rcbela at flrat atyled their novement. 
 confuted and without any apeeiflo objoet 
 in view, TIU Piljfrimm/« of QrmM. They 
 w«re preceded by priceta, with croaer* in 
 their handa, and un their hannera were 
 painted a ohalica aunnotinted by a hoat, 
 and Jetua Chriat oruciflad, whoaa body waa 
 repreacntad tranapieread with Ave bleeding 
 woundi. Each aoldier had embroidered on 
 tha alaeveof bb coat, "Chriat with the 
 
 Ave wounda."(*) 
 
 lite formula of tha oath to be taken by 
 all thoee who deairad to b« enrolled aa 
 I'llgrima of Grace, waa as followa : " I 
 iwear that I enur the Confratamity of the 
 Pilgrimage for tbe pnrpoao of aerring God, 
 of defending dm king and hia children, of 
 reforming the nobility, and of delivering 
 the king flrom hia evil oounaellora, I pro- 
 miae not to aeek my private advancement 
 in publio calamity i to wrong no one, nor 
 voluntarily alay any of my brethren. Under 
 the weight of the eroea of Chriat, I will 
 hkbour for the preaervation of the faith, for 
 the re^atabUabment of the Church, and 
 the extirpation of hereey."(V Faithful to 
 ihia oath, wherever they appeared, the con« 
 federatea reatored the monks to their 
 munaatarlea, rebuilt their ohapela, replaced 
 the imagee that bad bean pulled down, 
 lighted up the titpere before the rellquariea, 
 and caUed on the people to take up 
 arm^C^ On their arrival at a town, ham- 
 let, or tuftreaa, they aummoned the Inhabi- 
 Unta to aurrander. Speed baa praeerved 
 tlieir aummona to the inhabttanta of 
 Hawkahead : " We oommand all and each 
 of you, aa you hope to appear licfore the 
 Supreme Judge on the laat day, to aaaembla 
 at Stoke Green, near Hawkahead Church, 
 on Saturday next, at eleven o'clock, in the 
 beat poaaible aooontremeat, nnder pain of 
 aeeing your houaea raaed, your gooda 
 destroyed, and youraelvea punishitd ooiw 
 porally aosording to the will of onir 
 chiefb."(a) 
 
 At the dawn of day, the oombatanta tbnw 
 themaelvaa on their kaeea aod prayed to 
 
 (a) Hardwickee'a Papara. 
 
 (b) Carte.— Godwin. 
 
 («) Btata Papers I., 463, 661. 
 (-) Spewl. 
 
 God, while the tnuapeta and drama were 
 aonnding to tbe charge, and the hannera 
 were waving in the air. In the evening, 
 after a long march. Interrupted at every 
 moment, the troop would halt near a stream 
 and prepare for tiocp, after a priest had 
 Invoked the bleeeing of Heaven on the 
 aervante of tha Ave wonnda of our Lord.(*) 
 The pilgrims advanced, chanting hymna on 
 their way, and meeting naither ob acle nor 
 roaiatanee. Pomfrat, where the Archblahnp 
 of York and Lord Darcy had taken refuge, 
 threw open ita g%tes, and tbe two prieonere 
 took tbe oath of fidelity to the Pilgrimaga 
 ofGrace.(') York and Hull acknowledged 
 and aaluted the banner of the Crusaderai 
 but Bkipton, defended by tbe Earl of 
 Cumberland, received them at the eannoo'a 
 mouth. Searbomugb Oaatle alio waa 
 ▼alhuitly degraded by lu garriaon, under 
 Sir Ralph Even; having been be si eged for 
 nearly twenty days, and wanting both 
 bread and water, they refbeed to eapitnlata. 
 In the meanwhile, the revolt, advocated 
 by the clergy, apraad far and wide. Tba 
 oountiae of Laneaahire, Weatmoraland, and 
 Durham rose m mas**. TheBarlof Shrewa- 
 bury, although without any commiasion, 
 armed hia vaaaals, and threw himself into 
 the town of Doncaetar, which the insur- 
 gents were then beeeiging.(() He waa soon 
 joined by the Earl of Derby, the Mar«|uie 
 of Exeter, the Earla of Huntingdon and 
 Rutland, and. Anally, by tbe Duke of Nor- 
 folk, who led nearly 6000 men to tbe aiKcour 
 of the town. But what could be effected 
 with this handfiil of adidina againat a b<>dy 
 of 40.000 rebels ? The duke waa unwilling 
 to risk a battle, the loaa of which would 
 baive been tbe aignal for a general ririog 
 tufougfaout the oouptry and, opening t 
 aegotiatlon'with the inaurgenta, he awaited 
 their reply behind a battery of artillery. 
 A fbrd, rendered impractieable by tha 
 leoent ovefluwing of tbe river, riieltered 
 him against any aurpriae. While waMng 
 ftnr ordera from the court to empower hia 
 to treat with the rebela, tbe duke eui»> 
 mooed them to lay down their arma and 
 implore for mercy. Aake reouvcd Norfolk's 
 
 (•) Stele Papera, I. 
 lO Bomet. 
 (t) Liagard. 
 
 m mm^^m ^^m^^i^^mmK^mm^&im^saiKSSi^^^^^m^^^sEM 
 
tira or >iniit mt. 
 
 ._.. I lalmlf raft) ■tyki, 
 thi Archbiabop of York and L4>r«l LWoyi 
 Mid oo hMriim lb* I»Ml»m«nUTy m««- 
 MBK«r b«||in to Ulk of aubraiMiun, h« 
 IMramptofUy ofdtnd him to quit iha 
 
 C«IB|t.(*) 
 
 Norfolk NMiTtd tb« nsMMary MithoHiy 
 fbr tiMtioK with th« rtb«U and granting 
 th«im ■ full pwdon. unonly b«ing««o«ptod 
 from »h« amnMtjrt rix whoM n»mw w«r« 
 ntnliooed, uid four whom tb« king would 
 ftftanrardt Mtoot. Th» inturKanU wtra 
 parfacUr right in rajactinft auob oonditiona. 
 Nagotiationa wara ranawad. and a oonvuca- 
 tion of tha elargjr, aaaanblad at Pumfrat, 
 waa appoinlad (o inform tha royal rommia< 
 •ionara •t tha propoaalt mada by tha inaur< 
 ganta, at tha oonfaranca to b« hald at Don- 
 flMiar on tha 0th Dm:.. I53fl.(k) They 
 itquirad that tha Parliamant ahoald b« 
 eunvanad at York i that a full and antira 
 amnaaty abould ba proclaimed i (hat tha 
 •talutaa which had abrogaud tha authority 
 of tha Popa. auppraaaad tha monaatariaa, 
 iadar«l Maiy Ulagitiroato. and baatowad 
 oa Haniy tha tithaa and flrat f^uiu of 
 banafloca. ahould ba rapaaladt that Crom- 
 waU, tha Vioagerant, AudWy.tha Chaneallor, 
 and Rioh, tha Sulicitor^naral. ahould ba 
 punlahod aa abattora of horaay I *^»^ I^ 
 aad Langton, tha Tlailora of tha monaa> 
 tariaa. abould ba proaaouUd for axtortion, 
 paeuhUion. and othar aboroinabU aeto.(«) 
 Thay fbrthar damandcd tha auppraaalon of 
 hantioal booka, and tha puniahmant of tha 
 baloiodox biahopa and aactariana. unlaaa 
 Ihay prafarrad aattling thair dwpataa by a 
 aloaa rncoanter with tha pilgrima. who 
 would willingly angaga to maintain tha truth 
 of th^ fkith.(<) Although thaaa paaaanU 
 hare aomatimea bean atigmatiaadaa fanatica, 
 U ia impoaaibla, without injuatioa, to refuta 
 tham the more honourable title of men of 
 eoaraf(e and good faith. One flne trait in 
 their charaotor ia, that from tiia time of 
 thair taking up arms, to tha and of thrir 
 eampaign, they did not even ao much oa 
 eat an ear of com fkom the 6elda of thair 
 
 (■) Lingard.— Bnnat. 
 (b) lU|rtB daThoyiaa. 
 
 (•) !«»• 
 («) Liapid. 
 
 The depuUee of the Ineurganta, amongit 
 whom wara Lorda 8«foop, Lumlay, and 
 Darcy. Sir Tho(naa P«rcy, ^nd Robert 
 Aaka, had laccivad writl«n inatruotiona not 
 to make any ouncaaaiona to bia im^ty'a 
 eomroiaaionera. Ilia oonfaranca «aa 
 hiought to a oonolukion by the Daka of 
 Norfolk and Sir William Pitiwilliam, who 
 rafuaed to lubtcrilia to tha oonditiona 
 impoaed.C) Tha duka'a poaillon waa vary 
 ambarraMing, ainoe the quaation could now 
 only be decided by an appeal to arma, and 
 ha dreaded a defeat. Under ihcae eiroura- 
 atanoea, ha determined to write to tha king 
 for authority to offer an unaiorptional 
 pardon to the inaurgenU, to which hie 
 majeaty at laat oonaanted, and which tha 
 ineurganta accepted, on condition that thair 
 compUinia ahould be laid before the Par- 
 liament whieh they rtqulrcd to be aaeemblad 
 at York.(') But Henry aoon repented of 
 thia act of clemency t and no aooaer waa ha 
 delivered from hia alarm by the Toluntary 
 diaperaion of liia enemiea, than he forgat 
 the aolemn promiaea he had mada.(f) Aake, 
 who waa aumtnonad to London, had no 
 reaaoa at flrat to complain of the prince t 
 but Lord Darcy, more auapiciona. and who 
 had only eooAnted to obey the monaroh'a 
 ordcra in tha laat extremity, waa '4rraetad 
 and committed to the Tower on tit day of 
 hia arrival in London. (>■) On hearing of 
 thia act of treachery, the pilgrima again had 
 reeouree to arma. MuagraTe and Tilby, 
 two gentlemen, at the head of 8000 peaaanta, 
 beaeiged the city of Carliale, but were 
 repulaad and completely routed by tha 
 Duka of Norfolk. M uagrave had tha good 
 fortune to eacape, bat Tilby and aiity-aiz 
 of hi* foUowere were token and hanged on 
 the walk of the city.(i) Sir Francia Bigot 
 and Hallam, with another body of in- 
 eurganta, made an attompt to obtoin poa- 
 eeaaion of Hall, but wara taken priaonora 
 and excouted.(i) 
 
 Encouraged by thia aoceoao, tha king 
 now began to think of revenge. Aake, on 
 attempting to eacapa from Loodoo. waa 
 
 (•> Heri»eit.-Tyndal. 
 
 (f ) Rapin de Thoyrae. 
 
 (() Liiigani. 
 
 (>>} RapiB da Tkoyraa. 
 
 (I) lb. 
 
 (i) lb. 
 
Um iiMurftnto, aiBoii(it 
 I Sofoop, Lunnlay, Miii 
 IM P»rey, foil Robert 
 I wr«tl«n initnkitkont not 
 fMion* to bia iii^|Mty'i 
 Ilia ounfaranca #M 
 olukion by tba Daka of 
 ViUiam Pitiwilliam, who 
 riba to tha oonditiont 
 duka'a poailton waa y»rj 
 a tba quaaiion could now 
 f Ml a|tpeal to arma, and 
 I. Uudar ihcaa cirouin- 
 lined to writa to tha king 
 offer an unaiorpiional 
 aurgenta, to which hla 
 >n«antad, and which tha 
 d, on oooditlon that their 
 1 ba laid before tha Par- 
 required to ba aaaamblad 
 Henry aoon rapantad of 
 J^ and no aooner waa he 
 
 alarm by tha ▼oluntary 
 enemiea, than he format 
 tahahadmada.O Aaka, 
 led to London, had no 
 complain of tha prince t 
 aora euapicioaa. and who 
 >d to obey tha monaroh'a 
 ( extiamity, waa '4ireated 
 tha Tower on Ut day of 
 Hion.(k) On haarinK of 
 ry.tha pilgrima again had 
 . Muanrara and Tilby, 
 tha head of SOOO paaaanta, 
 ' of Carliale, but were 
 mpletaly routed by the 
 
 Muagrava had tha good 
 , hut Tilby and aiity-aiz 
 ere taken and hangeid on 
 ity.(i) Sir Francia Bigot 
 kh another body at in- 
 1 attempt to obtain poa- 
 liut wara taken priaonera 
 
 f thia anceaaa, tha king 
 nk of revenge. Aaka, on 
 leap* from Loodon. waa 
 
 'yndal. 
 Iwyraa. 
 
 koytaa. 
 
 Lira or nmaT vnt. 
 
 •rrtatad, «mdue««d to York, and hanged 
 on one of tha towere of the city. Lord 
 Htiiia«y, tri«d ai W-itminnter, waa behraded 
 at tjncoln. Sir R-tiert Conatable, Sir John 
 Bttlraar, SlrThomaa Ptrey. Stephen Hamil 
 ton, NIcholaa Tempett, and William Luni' 
 ley wara e«ecuieii at Tyburn, ami M^marel 
 Bulmer burnt at SmithAchl (■) l^rd 
 Darcy waa rcleaaed fimm tha Tower, and 
 waa eonaidered to ba out of all dungar, on 
 account of tha royal amneety, hla great 
 age, and the eervioee ihat ha had rendered 
 to the atatai but Henry determinfd that 
 he ehould die. Judgea were found baa* 
 enough to oonderoa an old man of eighty, 
 who had baan pardoned by the prince, and 
 an aiaoutionar to behead him at Tower 
 Hill. Tha king now dedaieil himaalf eaiit- 
 fled.(k) But hie Joy waa aoon to ba 
 mingled with aorrow. Six montha after 
 hia marriage with Jane Seymour, ehe beyan 
 to fial tha paina of maternity, and the 
 phyticiane being called, eoon diacovered in 
 tha countenance of the young queen, eigne 
 of her approaching end. Nor were they 
 daeaivad t for Jana SeyuMrar, alUr liaTing 
 bean dalivaNd, on tha Itth of Ootob«r. 
 
 8 
 
 Stow*.— -Tyndal.— Bolaarto*. 
 Uarbact— Hume. 
 
 lAsr,(*) of a •hild, who r*e*hr*d at th* 
 
 baptiemal font the name of Bdwar<l, died a 
 fiw daya after. Twelve hundred maeef* 
 were oAred up in L<indon for tb* repoe* 
 of her aoalO Jana, before aha eaplrad, 
 made her confeeeion and received Bitrema 
 Unction.(«) Henry ie aald to have been 
 eireeiiiiigly gri«v«d at the death of Jana 
 Seymour. Until then, he had bean acoum 
 tomed to make tha taara of othara low, 
 but had never ahad any himaelf. Tha hi*< 
 torian can but expreee hia regret at tk* 
 untimely end ol thia young woman, carried 
 off in the flower of her age, like a leaf by 
 tha wind. Prom the win<lo4e of her apart- 
 ment in the city, ahe could aee the ancient 
 walla of tha Tower : had she been ipared a 
 ftw yeara longer, who knowe that th* 
 eiaoutionrr of Calaia mi^ht not have had 
 to undertake a aacond vov .ge to Lcndoa. 
 
 (•) The ofleial letter announcing Ikia event 
 beara thl* dale. Mt>8. Nrro, C. X. 
 
 (d) liar confawmr haih be«n with hec |raoa 
 thia morning, and bath dune thai which to hie 
 offloe apperlaii:aih, and wen now ia preparing 
 to minleter to iiar gnue the Sacrament of 
 UncUon.— MSS. Nero, C. X. 
 
 (•) Richard Oreaham'a letter to GntawaU. 
 — Stale Papere. I. 574. 
 
 CHAPTER XXXVII. 
 
 SPOLIATION OP THB MONASTBRIPfl. 
 
 The Papa aadaavMn* ia vain to bring Henry baek to the true Mih.— The epoliatloa of tha maaar 
 tariee legallaed ^ Parliaaaent.— The lariier uonaaMriea.— The great atibeyi ire ooalUeatad.^ 
 Meaaa eni|rioyed lot obtaining volanianr reaiffoationi.—Bharing of the ipolla.— Tb9 porUona that 
 Ml 10 the king awl hie eoortiere.— Exceniiona mid mordera.— War agaiuM the tomba.— The 
 ■hiine of 8k Thomaa i Beekel.— The Balut ia rammoned to appear before a foart of Juiiee, und 
 Aoodemned.— BwployBMnt of the etolea properly. — Moniaeqnlen'e oplulon on the epoUalion of 
 Kligioua aetaUiahaMMa. 
 
 to alarm Hanry. Th* Holy Fath«r hoped, 
 that during the enanii-g aeaaion of Parli»< 
 ment, which was to meat at York, th* 
 Engliah monarvh.'cpcaUdly warned of th* 
 Divin* Teng*an»> aine* hia achiam, would 
 liatan to th* wtAit of raaaon, and b* i*eon- 
 oiM to th* Holj Smi. who** aalhori^ h' 
 
 In th* month of Oetobor. ISM. iatoUigMM* 
 area rceaivad at Bon* €t Ut* inaurraotton 
 of th* Yorkabir* pa*fiantry.(a) Paul III. 
 imagioad that th* Nb*UioD, although aop- 
 p n a a a d , had Mvatthalaaa b**a aofBciaat 
 
 (M PMma PaalM Gaalleraa ia Diatio.— 
 
 ■wiriwmiraiMMi 
 
ura o» ■iMMf nu. 
 
 had M ■to y iMi U y Mmi»d, In Mpwl»> 
 ttiM af M hap py an •vaal. PmI auapandad 
 tiM pfp<aul(Ml4Mi of • bull of •acwmmuiii- 
 cMian agaiaai tlM nnrdarar of Mora aw) 
 FtalMr, i^toh. Cor two yaara, had baas Ijriim 
 In tka arehlvaa of tka Cbaneary. 'IIm 
 Popa baaf inad thai tka day waa aboa« to 
 anitra, whan ha arould ba abla to kiaa Iha 
 pradinal aon, and la hla afbollonata Initr- 
 •aoraa with tha King of Porianal. ha aaar 
 aiiaadf iha "alrayad ahaap ralurulbf to 
 Um ahaphard'a faUI."(*) Room haa navar 
 paid any altanllon lo tha rulaa of diploaaoy i 
 Ihotmh allaekad la bar honour and prlvl- 
 lapi^ aha la avar tha Aral to ONkka advanoaa 
 to Iha maa who baa laauHad bar. wbalhar ha 
 mar a crown, lika Htnry, or a monk'a 
 aowU Ilka Lnlbar. Tha diraotkm of tha 
 IM((oeialiona wblob tha HoSy Saa waa about 
 to opaa with Hanry waa intrvatad to 
 Cardinal Pola. But Cronwall, a paraonal 
 anany of Ibat pralata, watchad for avery 
 «pportaBity of fruattatioK tha projceta at 
 raooncillatioo, favouiad by tha Imoarla) 
 Caurt Tba Vioarganaral would haar of d« 
 laaoaeiUatioa witb Bona, aad boaatad to 
 Lattmar that ha would natra Pola darow 
 hk own haart through raga and deapalr.(^) 
 tW auppnaaion of tha Muallar raliflona 
 houaaa waa not authoriaad. In tba Aral 
 tnatanca, by any l«f{ialattv« aDAetiBent, but 
 waa iattlgalcd aolaly by the rapacity of tba 
 ao¥ar*ign. Wa hava aaan what maan* w«ra 
 anptoyed to for^ ih« romnunitiaa to 
 abandon thatr proparty to tha erownt 
 hyp<k«jria]r at flrat, and aubaaquanlly, (>p«n 
 violawiia. Tha king, thtrafota, lay undar tba 
 •liftaa of a oottatroua act of iniquity, for 
 batrinf aaiaad upon tha propavty in wblob 
 Uia monka bad only a lilb intaraat. In 
 otdw to hgallaa tha apoliation, Parlianant, 
 M Iha istb ei May, 1S30. invaatad tha 
 kliif with aU tha proparty, ni07aabla or 
 ItAfaovaaUa, balbc^ing to tha utonaatia 
 aatabUabmaata, whctbar thay had or had 
 not baan auppraaaad, abdiahad, or Tolum- 
 tarily abandunad.(') 
 
 Tha adraatagaa that warn to hava 
 iwultad from tUa tegialatiya maaaoia wan 
 
 (•) V* 
 IBS.— I 
 
 Patma Paalna Gualtama in Diario.— 
 Mili.— BalcariiM. 
 
 (k) PoUap. 
 (•) Ungaid. 
 
 dapt at ad la Iha moat glowing tul an r at 
 ■Mndkity would ba tharaby abellahad i Iha 
 BMHMrch would hare tha naana of n a aliag 
 aa<l andriwin^ l>«roaa, Mrla, and knigblai 
 agrl«ultura would ba promotadi tha trmamrf 
 rapkmlahad i tba public taiaa dlmlniahadi 
 and tha nation dailrarad from all apprahwa* 
 alon of dangor, domaciio or aatamal-O 
 What bad baeuma of (bat purity of HMwata 
 of which tha largar inonaatia laatitiitioaa, 
 only twf Iva monthe bafora, wara bald np aa 
 m^ala, aad which had p r a a a r vad thaai 
 from aacuhkriaallon i Tba raadar awy n«l 
 bara fbrgottan ih« hypoi^liieal pictnra thai 
 waa laid b«fora both houaaa, daacriUiug Iha 
 Interior oooditioa of tha amaKar and largat 
 rallf Uiua houaaa ( iha ftvrmar baing rapf*> 
 Mintad aa diaordinala, Uoentlona, auptiratl- 
 tioua, and »r«n anolean ; tha laltar, Itaaoad, 
 pioua, ragnlar, aad daeidadly araagaUeal. 
 It will tlaa ba ra««llr«tad what notiva 
 Parlianiaflt bad for inaitifaaling ao llvaly an 
 intaraat in tba largar religiawa aati^lialu 
 manta oi Bnglaad. By tba aida of aa 
 omtor wHa waa daobtiming agataiat tha dia- 
 ordarty lift purauad in tba anallar ha na aa, 
 tha richaa of wbi<i!b principally a«nal«tad 
 of raliquariaa and aaeardotal «maman|a. 
 waa aaatad tha Np(aa«eto(iTa of aa abbay , 
 often H larga aa a whota villaga, and who 
 waa not to ba robbed with impunity ; ha 
 would hava appaaMi ba would have 
 arpotad the ealurany.rafutad tha accuaatins, 
 and parbapa rompromitad tba royal tnaa- 
 ■ora. Bat a bat oould ba aibrtad by tlM 
 \^oot BBunk who waa driven fmm hla monaa- 
 tery aa a public nuitanca. Ha darad nvt 
 evan eomplain, if ha wiahad to eontinua to 
 Itva uadar Iha aaica aun and braatha bia 
 utiva tkt. Ha might ind<ad giva vant to 
 hir taats in tifcmt ; bul bad ha mada thav 
 puhlir;, thay would beva baan rtgardad aa 
 aaditioua. Tha eup of iniquity waa than 
 flllad ( tka monk waa robbad of avarylbiag ; 
 bia littia oall waa daatroyadi hla clotbaa 
 carriad off, and violaat banda wara laid on 
 thoaa Iraaauraa of darotion, tba aul^jaeia of 
 hla oonMmplaiioni but tha habitation of 
 tiia prior waa aparad, baoauaa ba waa a paar 
 of Graat Britain, or a mambar of tha oem- 
 TooatioB. A yaar bad aearcaly alapaad, tn 
 
 (<) Llugaid..-Coka.-4lliyf» 
 
■ Ikwtby abollalMd i Um 
 f lh« a«Mi« of rtTMltaf 
 in*, tarla, uid tuiiglilai 
 m pfomotadt th* ir«M«rjr 
 lublic taiM diminiahcdi 
 rartd from all Bppr*h«ii« 
 JonMc^io or 9U%mmii.(*) 
 ot that purity of Mi«if«ta 
 
 IT MtUHMtia tMlitritioB*, 
 
 9 bafora, w«r« hald np u 
 h ktd p r aaa r rad tliMM 
 > Tfa« raadcr OMjr not 
 k]rpot:ritt«Kl pktnra that 
 h Komaa, daacrit^inn tlw 
 >f tba amaKar aoil larfit 
 iha t<»mt9 kainif rapaa- 
 Hila, lioantkMia, aupmKl- 
 ilaan I tha latter, ImirhkI, 
 d daeidadljF araofalkial. 
 a<M>U««t«d wlial notita 
 
 ■ niAiiifaatinf ao Uvaly an 
 'gar raliitia*** aatdbliah- 
 i Bjr tba aid* ot M 
 fitoimiBC anatitat Iha dia- 
 id in ttM anallar ha oa na, 
 «dk prinoipaltf c*nalatad 
 
 tMti'arddtat ornamantil. 
 iraaentetiTa of an abba;, 
 \ wiuA* villaf(a, and vim 
 )bed with Unpaaity; ha 
 >ale<^l ha would have 
 ly.rafutad tha accuaation, 
 iromiaad tha royal ina»- 
 Bould ba aiWtad by tha 
 la driven from hia moitaa- 
 ulianea. Ha darad not 
 ha wiahad to eontinua to 
 ca aun and braatha hia 
 ight Mttd giva vant to 
 i but had ha mada tikcai 
 I btva baan regarded aa 
 ap of iniquHj waa than 
 fBa robhad of avarfthlog t 
 
 I daatroyadi hia chrthaa 
 olant handa waia laid on 
 
 darotion, tha auhjaeta of 
 
 I I but tha hi^itation of 
 ■d, baoauaa ha waa a paar 
 or a mauibar of tha oes« 
 
 had acarcwly alapaad, m 
 
 d.— Coko.— SHyffc 
 
 uwn or iiitniT Titt. 
 
 thaaa lorda aplriUial, who hail not had Iha 
 aoaraK* ta daf»n<l Ihatr oppraaaad brrthraB, 
 aui^t'l Iha pa<talt)r of *h«ir «iw«rdtea. 
 (Jml So«»h« not at thit gartnant. Thaw w»r* 
 twvniy iiiKht abixtt* and two priora, ona of 
 Covantry and iha nth« of 4*1, Johh of 
 Jaruial«m,(») who. having oaaaad to ba 
 propfirtora, wara inolaiitd in lh« lata bill, 
 anti had nn lonKar any rl|{ht to ait In Par- 
 liamanl. Hinoa Iha lagialaliva a«t, thry 
 waia of no mora ini portahea in tha •lata 
 than Iha Fran«l»*?a.ta, whom :hay had 
 allowati M ha rolihad. ticapt that baing 
 bH?tr clothed, thay wara i.»ora aavaralv dealt 
 with. 
 
 Tha monk* wara hanged under foa 
 aocuaatlon of bein« abandona4 M aen'joal 
 pleaauraa, alavea of their appetitaa, fr»» 
 quenlara of taverne and houeea of ilUfama j 
 the abbola and prior*, under Iha daaig«a>l«« 
 of moantebanii* In eowla and milrri, 
 evoking tha eplrlw of the deed and making 
 them ipeak t vHlaga merry- endra we, ahow- 
 ing apurtone relloa ( <|uadkB. pretending to 
 ««ra tba tooth-aeha with a piaca of tha 
 ahirt of ' «. Thomnak Backet; nleerabla 
 Mtroarara, prttending to praaerw the ooro 
 from amut, by the oaa of a f»w magical 
 worde,(^) Thaaa lorda apMinal. who had 
 been baaa aoougb to abnndi* tbair bralhran, 
 had now no ttibwut to which thay eouM 
 appeal, and wara thartlDTa obHgad to 
 endttia in ailanea tha diagraoa which Ihay 
 had maritad by <;heir aarrility. Bet puMlo 
 opinion, which had undertaken to defhnd 
 tha monka agaiaat tha eainnraiaa of their 
 aoaniaa, waa oarafol to dear the larga 
 eommunitiaa fh>m tha fahw aecoaationa 
 that ha4 baan invanted for their dcatme- 
 Uon. Cbriet-Church had bann denonnead 
 by tha royal viaittrra aa ova of tha »«at 
 dinepuli^bla aetabUf hoianla in a}! Bnghmd t 
 and yat it waa (hna thia vary hooae tha* 
 Cnnma* aeiaetad eight prabradafiea, Ian 
 ganona, nine profbaaora, and two ehonetara. 
 to aiipply hia cnihadral. Ungard vary 
 Justly «onaidara thia onMotaata** net aa a 
 euffioiaat proof of tha (kUahood of tha im* 
 pata^ns brought againat tba large com- 
 nunitiaa, aapceially whan wa eoniidar that 
 
 B. 1 
 
 ~ ia.-^B(iliah Mvaeum.. MSB. Cbwp. 
 iH.iM.ur.iM.3w Slt.M». 
 
 the wehhlahop. «• hia poH. waa neither 
 taaad with in».»ran*i , immormlily, aoe 
 avperelition, lJ»e Ihrea prineipel »•«• w»»k 
 whieh (>om«ell and hia cf»alurM rhar»ied 
 tha very ni«ak8 whom Cranmer plaaad in 
 hie f haplar (•) 
 
 The Inaurreetion in the northern ooan. 
 liaa now began t« ee've Henrv'a evance 
 and t»nMitj. aa it ofar.d him a favoural.la 
 oppoftunlty of alriking a Anal blow at all 
 the monaateiiae in iha kinicdom. The 
 mnnliB, it waa now eaid, would no longer 
 ha able to daoelve iha o-.untry by their 
 false aceuaallona againat tha rigoure of tha 
 govrrnment They bed bean aaan in Um- 
 ooinehire and Yorkahire. Inciting tha 
 paManta to revolt, preaobtng diaobedianea 
 to tha lawa ol tha etala, araaing ihemeelvee 
 w*th Iha croee, end eomalimae even with th«5 
 eword. to lead aatray the paaoeful inhabit- 
 iinta. It waa a pried, ihe t::obbl»r Captain, 
 who had darad to oppoee the Doha of 
 Norfolk I and tha Pilgrima of Oraee ware 
 headed by Pranclaoan monka. A commie' 
 sion waa Iharafora appointed to intaveeli. 
 gate tha eonduol of the religiona dnilng 
 tha war of tha paMMito i and tha I«rl of 
 Soeaaa, a man of a naAuraUy crtaal diapo. 
 aiaon, waa named ita preaidani Again 
 did Henry maka light of hie oathe, and 
 brank hU word, for, whan peaaa waa 
 natorad, ba had proaaiead to fotgat tha 
 pact, and an amneaty bed baan pttbliehed 
 thronghont tha kingdom, abellating tha 
 ineurgenia agaimt tha royal vangewM*. 
 Tba BnrI of Boffolh took poeaeaalon of 
 Ftameea Abbay. Thia waa om of ibn 
 richeat eommunitiea in LaaeaaUN. altiMtad 
 batwam like Windermet*; nnd tba rhrer 
 DndilaQ-C) Tha hrathran. tha aarranta, 
 and Iha tanantrrw« aummonad btiwa 
 tba dnke, who, after n hwg inqniry. own. 
 milted two of iha monka to Una aa t a r 
 Caallai hot aattbar promiaaa nor threata 
 eoiUd aoabU him to find a eharga apteal 
 lh« ahbo*. Tha inquiry waa ooada^tad 
 wMh mora canning at Whallay, wbcMi tha 
 royal commisaionata had aatahliahad (hair 
 
 (•) Lbward.— John Blovena. the Hialery of 
 the aneieiit Abhm, Monaet^riee, HoayitaK 
 Cathedral and Collcfiate Chnrchee. 
 l7»3.lnfol. I.,88C 
 
 (*) Oamdctt. 
 
 Ail(lfi»S>»is«%«i4.J.*.vfi fti5i."*i'4«i( / 
 
tin AT ■■«■? Vitl. 
 
 IHbutMl. anil Ha4 mmmomJ th* abbot vt 
 |r«irn«M III r*ap|)«*r bafor* thaw. Tha 
 firat Ibtiiff waa to imi a rharg« afalnat 
 biw. or la daAiult of |ir<Mif, to ob«ain thim 
 bin lb« *n|uiiUry ra«l||ii*ltoa of tha rom- 
 avnity. Fnrtunatalx for tbani. (ba abbot 
 WM ona of IkoMi aMommotlatlnii IniilvW 
 duala who, taalljr ilaralvxl an<i iniinii«la(a<l, 
 maba anjr aaoriAca to aa^aiia punUhmanl. 
 Tba Karl of Huaaaa thua ralaua bow ha 
 manaitati to aaduoa tbia Itmid oraaliwa from 
 Iha path of duly i " Davtatng wllb myaalf, 
 U ona waf would not a«rva, bow an<i bjr 
 wb*t maana tba aajd monba mlffhi ba ryd 
 from tba aaid abb^y, ami eonaaquaotlir bow 
 tba aama might ba at jrour graoaoua plas. 
 aur, I dalarminail U> aaaay him m i4 myaalf. 
 vhatbat ha would ba oontantatl to aur- 
 nadar |lff and drant unto (you) your haira 
 mm! aaalfiana ilia aayd nonaatary : whicb 
 tblof ao opanad to tba abbot faraly. v« 
 ftwnd bim of a rary fbeUa and raady mynda 
 to fullov my adrkoa In that bab«ir."(*) U" 
 tha ISib of April. Ift»7, a daad waa drawn 
 up for Iha abbot to ai||n, la wblcb. acknow- 
 lad|ia|| tba " mlaordtr and avU rula" of hia 
 bratbran, ha. in diacharga of hla eonaeianoa, 
 fiva and aurrandarad to Hanry, aU tba Utla 
 Md lataraat which ba poaaaaaod la tba 
 monaatary of Pumaaa. iia landa and iu 
 nranuaa. Ofloara waraimoMdiataly dat- 
 patehad to taka {toaaaaaion In tba nama of 
 tba kiBK, and in a faw daya tba whola 
 •onmanlty ratUlad tha daad of Iu auparior. 
 Anothar nonaatary had bow baan addad to 
 tba royal domain, and nona eould com- 
 pile alnoo tha coatn^t had baan oon- 
 ChMlad In tba nama of Ood. 
 
 Tha aoeeaaa of tha Karl of Baaan atU 
 ■ralatad tba Induatry of tba eommiiiioaara 
 in tha aoutbam diatrioU. Thay vud with 
 aach otbar In obtaining volunUry cviaioaa, 
 fot tha court of Oraanwieh wa« aaiivua to 
 have it baltarad that tba moaka did •rvj 
 tUng of thair own fraa will. For tha 
 obtaining of thaaa oaaaiona, avary maana 
 •ppaand lawlVO. Tba riailora antarad tha 
 moaaatariaa in truly apoatollo atyW, aaanring 
 tba raligloiia, with tba languaga of Sorip- 
 tora oa tbair Upa, that it waa for tba intareat 
 «f tMr aoab that tbcj pf«s|ioaad to dia- 
 
 (a) ti^purd. 
 
 ambarraaa iham of Ibair waallb. ao graat 
 an iibatacla to aalrailon. Tu tha eunAdlag 
 monk*. lUay promlaa.l. on tba part of tba 
 hln«, an anniilly tot Ufa. iha amounl of 
 whMth waa to dapand oa Ihair liuciiiiy aad 
 tha |>romp»»aaa "f thaIr olMidtanrai tba 
 priora wara lo ra««lra lao par annum i 
 aoma of tb«m aa much aa < l(M) > iba monka 
 13. £4, atid £fl, with a amall turn U> pruvUla 
 for thalr immadiaia waniaj tha nuoa 14. 
 It la aartala that tha flrat inatalmanu of 
 thaaa annuttlaa wnrm punctually <lla«bar||ad| 
 liut a yaar had not ala|Mad, ara tha monka 
 and nuna wara foroad to laarn aoma tiada 
 by wbt3h thay could U»a. aaak an aaylum 
 la aoma aatbadral. or bag thalr braa«^ la 
 aacrai Hiima li»*nrma ua ihat wbaa ^»- 
 miaaa wara found unarailabla,racuuraa waa 
 had to Intlmldaiiun and *iolanca.(k) Tha 
 following waa tha mathod ganaraily adoptad 
 by tba commlaatoB'jra to aiiort ooncaaaiona i 
 —Thay oallad for tba booka of iba houaa, 
 opanad iham. oomparad tba racaipta and 
 dlaburaamanta.Kiamiiilng intoarary artlcia, 
 canaurad tha moat trtrial nxpanaa aa an 
 abominabia aoaadal. dacUlmad, with UA- 
 Inga of appanntly Cbrlatiaa compuneikin, 
 agalnaC iba amploymant of tba amallaat 
 aun la tba pturchaaa of a plot of land, 
 wbaa ao many living mambara of Chriat 
 wara In want of food and elotbikg I Hm 
 ganaral eonoluaioa waa, that tba bool a wara 
 badly kapt, tha houaa waa In dabt, diaordar 
 avarywbaia nanifaat. and tba aupprtaaioa 
 of tha monaatary nacaaaary for tba Intaraat 
 of raligion and public ordar. Soraatiooa 
 thay would baf»« •»? ssarehlng the library, 
 and appaarad aurpriaad on finding aoma old 
 voluma, publtabad parbapa fifty yaara bafora. 
 on tba auprcmaoy of tha Popa. Why had 
 nut tba community oommlttad ao aaditioua 
 1 book to tba fiaroaa ( \n ona plaoa tbay 
 would maat wltb a work, writian by a 
 Bpaniab oaauiat, on tba validity of Katha>- 
 riaa'a marnaga. which the unlvaraitiaa of 
 tha kingdom bad dcclarad Incaatuoua, aad 
 hanoe tha mallca of tba raligioua waa 
 a|)|>arent I In anothar, thay would find tha 
 narrallTa of tba asaoution of Mora >'I 
 FUhar.both eondamnadto daath aa tnUofl 
 to thair aovar«i«a 1 
 
 (b)H«M. 
 
iMr wmIiIi. m ffTMl 
 tton. Tu Iha eunltdio^ 
 •<l, on Iha |Mfl ol ItM 
 (ir Ufa. Iha Mnounl of 
 4 on Ihair iiu«iiit)r and 
 
 ihalr olMiilMn<ai Iha 
 «tv« £30 par annum i 
 chM£lOO| ihanonha 
 ) • ani*ll turn l4> |)r«»vt«la 
 I wantai Iha nuna 14. 
 ,ha Ural InatalmanU ol 
 
 pun«ltt*llf •MaoharKadi 
 ■lapaail, aia tha monha 
 oat) Ui Uarn aoma Imda 
 <) liva, aaah an aajrlum 
 
 or ban thtlr hnmi in 
 irma ua ihni whan pro- 
 navaiUbla,racuura« WM 
 I and violaaca.(k) Tha 
 alhod lanaraily wlopiad 
 r« to aiiort ooncaaaiona i 
 ha booka of iha houaa, 
 parad tha racalpta Md 
 nining into avary Mticla, 
 i iririal nipanaa M an 
 i, dacUimad, with faal- 
 Chrialina eompiineiion, 
 ymaat of tha amnllaat 
 ,aM of n plot of land, 
 iD( manban of Chriat 
 od uid eloaiii.K I TIm 
 »M, thni tha bool a ««« 
 m WM in dabt, diaordar 
 It, and tha aupprtaaioa 
 icaaanry for Iha inttraat 
 blie ordar. SomatioMa 
 • sserthtng tha iibntrj, 
 aad on finding aoma old 
 mrhafM fifty jTMra bafof*. 
 f th« Pop*. Why hnd 
 oomraittad ao aaditioiM 
 w ( \a ona plaoa tbay 
 n wofk, wrttiao by n 
 
 tb« vnUdity of KatlU- 
 lich the ttBlvaraitiM of 
 aclnrad incaatuooa, and 
 
 of tha nlifloua wu 
 sar, thay would find th* 
 xaoution of Mom >'^ 
 uMdto danth M tnilon 
 
 um or ffiniRT nti. 
 
 M9 
 
 Tha rnmmi«alan«ra would nasi ha«a tha 
 rvllqiiariaa npanad, wh*n Ih'tr qiiaatkona 
 harama allll mora InNKharoua. Thay wi«ha<< 
 In liniiw Iha ortHin uf ant-h ralic, and whan 
 a falhar waa unaiiia lu gtva a tuiiaiartory 
 ■nawar la thatr qtiaallon*, ihay immadlaUly 
 il«rlaima«l agalnat tha tmpoatura of monki, 
 who »ara kaaping. fur iha vanaratlon of 
 Iha fatihfiil. praianilail honaa of aalnla. iha 
 •iithanlidiy of which Ihay war* unakta to 
 prtnrai thaeommunilyihanpaaaadaaaact of 
 iMnorani boora and llara. During thalr pro- 
 graia Ihruuiih tha eounlry, nonay WM not 
 tparad In obtaining danunniatlona agalnat 
 (Ha m'lnaalarlaa whinh thay covatad, and 
 thay would than produoa long liata of aign»> 
 luraa apttandad to paUtiona, anumarallng 
 Iha tliaortlara ^f woich tha rommuuHy waa 
 aeeuaad. Tha ordinary raaull of aach 
 vlait waa a formal ihra«t of an ■ccuaation 
 for immorality, paeulation, and high traaaon, 
 iba punlahmani of whirh, bowarar, tha 
 monk* night avoid by giving up tha guilty 
 olotaur to hia roajaatf and hia lawful haira. 
 Raraly did tha aupailor wail till tha chiif 
 of tha band had pronouncad tha flaul 
 fiirr' \\uj, Alarrood al thair eonduot, ha 
 la^uaattd tham to gira him a ahaat of 
 parchmant. and algnrd both tha raaigna- 
 I'lin of hia ofllca and tha oaaaion of tha 
 oonvantual adiflca to the king, too happy 
 In aacaping. togathar with hia brathran, 
 tha gallowa or tha ataka. which thay had 
 nnconeioualy marilad. Tha form of thaaa 
 r«iignaliona haa baon praaarvad, and la 
 ooncaivad in tha foUowlag tonna i— " Wa. 
 iha abbot and mllgioua. aflar malura drli- 
 baration, raaign and yirld our houaa to iha 
 king, of our own will and unanimoualy, for 
 raaaona which in our aoul and oonacianoa 
 wa hava found to ba Jnat and raaaonabla."(*) 
 
 ftonMiimaa. whan tha abbot waa found 
 willing to ylald to tha moat axorbitant 
 liamanda of tba ▼iaitor^ they managad to 
 Imrodam into tha act of caaalon. a cun< 
 faiaion fWNn tha prior aaactifying tba 
 robbary. Tba prior ^ tha Banadictinaa 
 of St. Andrew, in Nortbampionahira, for 
 inatanoo, daelarad with grant oontrition of 
 haart, " thni th« g«t«a of ball wara about 
 to opm and ■wallow bin vp, that ba had 
 abuuloMd Qod. Uvad in idkaaM, indulftd 
 
 hia paiai'^na, and rnmmltt«(| mrtu^* that 
 ha auuld navar aurticl«nlly daplora'X^ 
 'Vht confaaaion of tha rallgioua of Batl«»> 
 dan la Klv>n al graaUr Ungth. Thaf 
 ai>kn»wi«iiga<i thai ihay hail )ia«n making 
 •aruiua rvllariiona on Iha moila of lifa 
 puriuad hf iham and othar luonka of ihalr 
 ordar i that all thalr davotiona had 
 hilharto rontUlad in tha parforinanra of 
 certain practicaa praacirllMit by iha Blahop 
 of Rtima and Ihair grnarala i that having 
 di««ovarad in iha hiatory of Jaaua Chriat 
 and in tit* Acta of iha Apoatlaa, tha nuidal 
 of an aiampiary lift, and eoraiilaring that 
 it would t>« mora oonduoiva to tha aalva- 
 li<in of Ihair aoula ior tham to liva under 
 tha guidance of iho king, thair aovaraign 
 maatar on aarth, thay coniaquantly r»> 
 aignad thair abbay, and humbly auad for 
 )mrdoli.(<) Fiva Oth<r raaiiinBtiuna ara 
 racordad in tha aama larroa i two from iha 
 Pranciaoana and Carmaliua of Humforth, 
 and ihraa uthara from tha Franeiacana of 
 Covrntry, Dadford, and Aylanhury. Soma 
 of tham.nnticipaling a conflaeatiun, rcai|(nad 
 thalr monaatoriaa to the king, hoping that 
 Ilia Majaaty would ra-aaubliah tham. 
 Impraaaad with thia eonvictio.'.. the monka 
 of Chartaay, In Surrey, whoaa annual 
 revenue wee about £10.000, raaigncd their 
 monaaleiy to Hewry, on the i4th of July, 
 153S| and their eiample waa followed by 
 Ihoee nf Ureal Malvarn, in Worraaterahire. 
 The prior of thia latter community, one of 
 the great lighla of England, had been 
 recommended to Cromwall by Latimer, 
 who waa aniloua that the houae ahould bn 
 praaarvad, not aa an aaylum for hypo* 
 critical raonka, but aa a retreat for literary 
 and pioua men. The au|)erior offered for 
 the preeervation of Malvern Abbey, 1,SC0 
 crowna to tha king, and OOO to Cromwall i 
 he waa, moreover, an octagenarian, a aSiilfUl 
 adminiatrator, and a chariiabh prieet who 
 fed many pour (■') But what were 1,S00 
 orowne totbe king and 800 to hia niniatarf 
 The lead of the building waa worth duubla 
 the amount. 
 
 On taking poa^eeaion of a monaalery, 
 the agenla of the crown broke open the 
 ■aala aad divided the plunder, reaarving 
 
 (k) Bnmeti 
 
 h) lb. • • 
 
 ij 
 
 m^iilUiiM^'miimii^'i^t'trX^^Mmiv--^ 
 
80i 
 
 LirR or BKHHT Till. 
 
 for the king the Uon't •htr*. A Uik of 
 ifmt in the king's own handwriting hu 
 been prcMrved, and vauj enable ni to fonn 
 an idea of his rapacity.—" Itm, delivered 
 nnto hli majeity one pax of gold weighing 
 nine oncee. — Iltm, delivered unto the 
 king'e m^esty, the day asth of June, 
 twenty-eight old Noblea and three 
 •mall pieoee of gold of the value uf XII. 
 ■h.— /fern, delivered untu hU mijeety an 
 image of eeynt Eakenwalde with his myter 
 and croeler gilt, weig. fifty oncee.— 1<««, 
 delivered unto the king'e mi^Jeaty a croea 
 of silver garnished with a great course of 
 •meraldes, 11 balaoee, and two saphirei.— 
 lUtm, delivered a mounstranca of silver, 
 garnished with counterfeit stones.— /(m, 
 two pairs of cruets.— /»», two myters 
 garnuhed with sUver and gat."(«) The 
 lUm thus enumerated, great and small, 
 flu a number of pages, each signed by the 
 royal signature. Imagas wrought in silver, 
 eandleetioks, chalices, erueta, monstrances, 
 precious stonee, earwrings, books of the 
 Churoh bound in gold,— all were invariably 
 •^judged to Hia Majeaty. One pearl alone, 
 which came to repleiJih hia Qraoe'e treasury, 
 van valued at naariy £8,000 sterling. 
 When the wood of theorueiflxes or missab 
 li^tpened to be eariehed with gold or 
 prtcious metal, it was burnt, in order to 
 •itraot the metal. A baiaar, «ialled the 
 AugmnttHmt QflM, waa expreesly etta- 
 bliahed in London, at which waa received 
 ^ money produced by the auction sales 
 tt the Ainiiture, goods, books, and the 
 lead bdonging to the monasteries. Tba 
 purehasen ««i» anmctoas, and their seal 
 10 great that the anctioneen had only to 
 MhUiit an avtiele and knoek it down. 
 Many of the large fbrtonea in England 
 ttin made at theae sales, and it is almoat 
 •operfloooa to remark, that among tha 
 enriched porehaaers, the Reftmnation found 
 Bomeroaa proeelytee.(^) Hera again ap- 
 peared that royalty whose chamoter ia tlw 
 laligibus levolotioB ha« been ao well 
 dalhisated by M. Guiaot t it tiancpad not 
 laij &» motal power but tha wealtfi of tha 
 
 , lay An aeeoont of Chnroh plate delivered 
 to Ung Ueniy the VIII.— Bod. M8S. No. 
 
 (k) Oohbctt— Lbgaid^ 
 
 dergy, and the hierarchy sanctioned this 
 twofold spoliation. If the people inter, 
 vened at all in tha contest, it waa vamnij 
 for the purpose of carrying off, or puN 
 ohaiing at a low price, a few wretched 
 windows or locks, which the commiMiofwrs 
 had left behind as unworthy of their notice i 
 hut they never raised a single comphunt 
 against the monasteriee. 
 
 The beat ehare of the plunder fell to the 
 lot of Cromwell and his creatures. The 
 official list of the gifts made by tbs king 
 to hia favouritee is still preserved. Crom> 
 well received the Benodicttne Abbey of 
 Ramsey, tha Benedictine Pfioriee of Hun- 
 tingdon, St. Neotta, and tha Cistercian 
 Abbey of Saltrey. Audlay haiiUar roaaoa 
 to complain of hia maater'B parsimony ( ha 
 asked for the monastery of St. Ives, in 
 Huntingdonshire, which waa immediately 
 granted to Urn. Thomas Wyatt, the poet, 
 obtained tha Carmelite Convent at AJrlee- 
 ford, in Kent, and the Ciaterdaa Abbey of 
 Boiley. Sir Thoaaaa Cheney received the 
 convent of the Benedictine nnns at Daving- 
 ton, taNf Noasfaew jm/aaae tt 4ii$obU»iJ{*) 
 and the abbey of St. Benedict at Faversham. 
 Culpepper waa rswarded with St. Austin's 
 Convent, at GamberweUi and the Arch- 
 bishop of Canurbory, who at first refnaed 
 to reoeiva any ehare of tho monaeiieal 
 epoils, ; consented to take pqsssss i on of 
 Weet LkagtoB Abbey , and the priory of the 
 White Monks at Bleealngton.(d) Let it not 
 be imagined that the viaitcta foffot them- 
 sdves, tut tksgf took widi one hand, and 
 with Aa othar. Oaa of theia, 
 Badyll, waa nethiag hat a complata 
 fognat and aacthar, nauMd Loadoa» «fta« 
 haviag aariahad hinaalf with the apdiatka 
 of tha BH»aaatefiai^ vMit to¥n»daar, whan 
 on aocooat of divets wiedaadat ha wu 
 eoadamaadto ride thnogh the town with 
 hia fMO tamed tovavda Ua borMira taili 
 aad waa sobas ^u a n tiy jdaasd in tha pillory 
 atOaford, lor having aadOMd two womsn, 
 tha mothar aad daaghter.(<) Kathariae 
 
 f«) HaaUd'aKent. 
 
 (') Thomas Tanner, Notilia rennasttca. er 
 an aooount of all tha abbeys, priories, e^ 
 hovsssof IHaiafKmeriyteBMlaad Bad Wlrics. 
 
 (•) Of ikktth^ Laadea wa tere tafcsB 
 notice hi tha pveOwa. Whatawratohhewaa, 
 and how flt to be sp|Jk9«4 ,to iaeoU leUgkMM 
 
lUnrohy nacMoBed thb 
 1. If iha people intei> 
 w conteit, it wm merdy 
 of currying oif, or puN 
 r price, a fetr wretched 
 which tlie coininiMiua«ri 
 unworthy of their notice t 
 •iied ft tingle complaint 
 iteriee. 
 
 of the plunder fell to the 
 and hia creatures. The 
 ) gifta made by the king 
 « etill preierred. Crom- 
 I Beneidicttne Abbey of 
 edictine Prioriea of Hun- 
 >tta, and the Ciateraian 
 Audlay hatUa* nMoa 
 a maater'a paraimonyt ha 
 lonaatery of St. Ivea, ia 
 , which waa immediately 
 Thomaa Wyatt, the poet, 
 rmeUte Convent at Aylee< 
 i the Ciaterdao Abbey of 
 MBaa Chaaey received the 
 nedictine nnna at Daving- 
 (jm/MM tt dUm>lmttu,{*) 
 St. Benediotftt Faverahan. 
 warded with St. Aualin'a 
 iberweUi and the Arch- 
 bury, who ftt firat refnaed 
 ihare of the Donaaiieal 
 I to taka poeaeeeion of 
 kbey^i and the priory of the 
 BleealBgton.(d) Let it not 
 the viaitcta foifot them- 
 look with OM hand, and 
 m othtr. Qa* of tbeia* 
 M BOthiag Iwt ft compMa 
 har, BftOMd Loiidon» «ftcf 
 liimaalf vith the apdifttkM 
 la, went to '^K^ndaM, whan 
 divan miedaadat ha waa 
 da thnogh the l»wft with 
 towavda Ui bontf'a taQt 
 antiy p l aa a d in tha pillory 
 ivinf aadoead two wowafti 
 dftiighlar.(«) Katharine 
 
 nner, Notilia manastioa,er 
 II the abboyi, prioriee, a^ 
 rtiMilyteBaiilaad Bad WUm. 
 iu Loftdea iM Jftne tdao 
 ice. Whatawietohhewai. 
 tft^tffwi.io iaaoU raUcione 
 
 ura or HCHBT via. 
 
 SOI 
 
 BucUay, abbaaa of Oodatowa, will give 
 ut an iaaigfat into the manauvrca employed 
 by the viaitora to deceive the nnn^ : " Dr. 
 London," aha writea to Cromwell, *'haa 
 made a deeeent upon me with ft numeroue 
 retinue, pretending that he ia commiaaioned 
 by the king to luppreae my houM. But 
 I told him that I would aever aurrendar 
 my home into hia handa, whereupon ha 
 began to entreftt, inveigle, ftnd torment me 
 and my aiatera. He ia lodging here at my 
 expenae, and reftaaea to tvanimit to you my 
 anawef I he ia a m«a of no faith and a liar, 
 inaimoch as be has written to yon eaying 
 that I am a apoiler and waater, but your 
 kirdahip knowa well the contrary, and that 
 I hftva aevar alicaated a aingle pennyworth 
 of the gooda of thia oonvant."(*) Thie 
 Sister'a aecouat waa perfectly correct, for 
 all the nobility of the eouatiy wrote to the 
 king bearing taatinoay to Katharine'a rit" 
 tuona eomlnet and the aaemplaiy life of 
 her eonamaity, and antraatiag hia lai^ty 
 to apaia the eoavmt i bat Henry waa in' 
 exorftbla.(*) If tha laftdar ia aniious to 
 know aometbiag of tha apirit that astaatad 
 iheee harple% hi htm laad tha foUowing 
 letter, writtea by Bedyl to Craawell^^' 
 "My very good Io»d, aflw my moot hearty 
 eommendathtaa. It ahall pleaae your lord* 
 ship to andetatand that tha inooka of tk« 
 Charter^ .< here at Loadoa, eoauatttad 
 to Ntfwgata ru^ their ttaadiefMu behaviont 
 cotttttiaad ifaiaal Iht Ung'a sne% ba 
 alffloat diapatehed bjr tha haad of 0«d, aa 
 it may appear la yoa by thk bill Mieloaad. 
 Wherefore. tim^^'MaK th^ behavkntr 
 and the whaia M tttl f , I aa aot aowy i bat 
 would that an mek at tova not the king'a 
 higbnoM, aad hhi wmidly k«Bonr, vara ia 
 
 women, being hiaustf aa Mmtuu ae to be 
 afierwuia eoBTietad ef pe^aqrt and atUndaad 
 to ride with hia flwe. to the horae'e tail at 
 Winds or, wt th patera aWa t hie head, at waa 
 done aeeaitflti|ly>''*-aiMaaa, 
 
 (e) Tha Dr. liiaidoa had tafctwad year lord, 
 (hip, lh»t 1 am a apeUar aad waatir s yonr lorf- 
 ihip shall know list (he cetattwy is me, fbr t 
 have Botalttawiyd oaa hall^eany ef gaodaof tMa 
 mo nss ts si a^ asoraaUe ov naaMvaabb, bat have 
 nuker iaaieaard tha aaaie.— A letter c^ the 
 abbess of Qodstow. Cash. Bncidey, eoiaaltili- 
 ing of Dr. LaBdaa.~.MS8. Oleop. B. IS. 308. 
 
 (k) Bat aelther hia (LoadenTa) failhmy, not 
 the pietura of the nana availed «ka aaataesy.— 
 Stew 
 
 like eaaa. Than be departed, Oreeawood» 
 Davye, Salte, Peerson, Oraeae. There be 
 at the point of death, Scriven, Reading. 
 There lie aick, Johnsoo, Home. One ia 
 whole, Bird."(«) 
 
 Thus, the hunger that theee unfbrtunaU 
 
 ■en were made to endure, the damp atraw 
 
 on which they were compelled to lie, tha 
 
 vermin that were kept to devour them, tha 
 
 pestiferous miaama by which they wera 
 
 Burrounded, tha tormenta of every deeerip* 
 
 tion to which they wen aubijacted, are 
 
 ascribed, in the language of tha viaitora, to 
 
 the judgmeau of God I Bedyl would ban 
 
 ranktd among tha goda the Uoaa of tha 
 
 Roman Cii-cue. llieM priaonera, that 
 
 struck by the hand of Ood, ware among 
 
 thoae who were unwilling to raaign their 
 
 lumaee into the hnnds of the lung's oSeara, 
 
 for which oifsnea they had Imn throws 
 
 into a dungeon that never allowed ita prey 
 
 tooaeapaw Thaelatauofblood,enaeted by 
 
 tha Pariiaaaant, waa mfm to be oalled inta 
 
 fbroe, whenever a monk nfbaed to delivai* 
 
 np to the prince thoae tnaanrea of which 
 
 ha «aa OMrdy the kraatao. The |nior uf 
 
 Wobora kad miatad all the eiforta at iha 
 
 rlaitohi, and if ha bad abown harahnesa ia 
 
 (ijeeling tiieir propositions, it waa in ooa< 
 
 aeqaenea of hia daabtinc their probiiy^ 
 
 Ha floold not briag himaaif to believe ia 
 
 the apoattriia alMioo of awn aadueed kf 
 
 a lova of iiovol^i wka were aknealallng 
 
 BiUea ia irhich the Oalholic fkith waa M* 
 
 ^fledi who pvMU^ rldkmkd the aao af 
 
 iaiagM, and taztd with idoktry tha pravM 
 
 addreaaed to tha Mother of Gad. banlMii 
 
 theittfiin, to puBiah bin let hta tnjiwann 
 
 and perhapa far hli caaataaay ia adhMli^ 
 
 to hia tMt, he im Menaad af hwMat 
 
 aaently abetted die rabala« da mmt hat 
 
 too «ril tha daager of Ma potmMt, aliA 
 
 tadt hut heiag paraaM and traekMl, h« 
 
 Ml hito the haada af hta aaemiaat togMhar 
 
 irith tta ahhat at ythOltf aad tw« «r 
 
 Ua BMtakat Iha abbot of OntvMut had «M<«C 
 
 ManfflgHMia, tha ihbotand iprietof SMlijfi 
 
 in LK0caahh%>ad tha ytioraf Biiriii gi ey . 
 
 They ^nf sMa after triad, nnndaMiiid. 
 
 wd attcated.(») Thdae ftahle etmttmm 
 
 of Quisle whoM namn daoerve ta ba fai> 
 
 g)Mt. MaaaM. 1I8B< Oleiq^ E. IX. S17. 
 (kj BttiiMt, . V 
 
 mm i amm^ie^ i mmmm i Kiim^s aig m m 
 
ufi Of mm Tin. 
 
 girud inthe nuHrtyrokinr, wm tUiimatiMd 
 
 •■ rabflla and tniton. 
 
 TIm ibbouof QUatonbury ud Baading. 
 ■Ml Md pow«rfn\ man, tha fomar in poa- 
 ■aaaion of an anniud reTann* of £46,000, 
 ■ml the lattar of nawly £30,000, waia alao 
 neeaud fbr high treuon. They wart 
 •eeuaad of having trananittad to tha in- 
 ■UrgenU of Yorkihira a large amount of 
 elWar min ud boUion. Tha trial of the 
 abbot of Reading ia no longer astant, but 
 of ttia aantanoa paaaed on tha abbot of 
 Ohwtoobwy, there have been preaenred 
 tno weooata eonHdned in letwra written to 
 ' CronwvU, one ly the aheriff of the county, 
 ■nd aaothar by Lord RuaaeU. The abbot 
 waa oonrieled of treuon and theftt ha 
 had bnikt open, it wna aaeerted, the door of 
 tha treMury in whioli tha plate belonging 
 to the abbay waa kept, and had aent it to 
 tha paaaaat iunrganta. Ha waa hanged 
 Md qaartarad. and hie bo4y. mangled by 
 tbeknifa of tha aaaeatioiiar. waa eipoaed 
 to tha view of tlM popnlaoa in tha yery 
 ft««l of tha abbey-C*) Tha abbot of 
 C?Bhi>mti- espaiiwiead » ainUar lata.(^ 
 lliair taonaateriaa were eonflaeaftd. It 
 wmj ba aakad. how the erioie of an abbo^ 
 •van aappoaing it to hava wiated, eoald 
 aMdl the niia of hia monaatary, and ezpoaa 
 Iba whole eoaamuni^ to exUa and apoli*- 
 tionl Ry a laeant PhriiaoMatury atatota. 
 it had heaD paifldiosdy anaetad. that tha 
 prapeity of » traitar, hdd by diiaet ot 
 Jndfaast jnharirtawtt. ahoald ba flarMted to 
 tfM Uof^*) Bat how, it OM^ agiia ba 
 pdud, wUkoai doing tioUnea to eommoa 
 aaMa, «o«ld eamrMtoal proparty ba eon- 
 pUkNdttaiMadaathlabytadMMHMM} Tlw 
 ilMaM •pdta of haiia, but tha abbey, onea 
 ^MiMMti4, bad ao loagat aay baba. 
 Of whrt coaaavwaea. bowam, waa tUa 
 hNaab of tha kwa of logie» Hoaaa 
 laaaas ni^t groaa aad protaat, bol no 
 fal^ waa too greailB ba perpatratad a« Oa 
 MUl aC OiaaawidL Oaa wooM fanagiiia 
 
 SmU mw bavabfea ODtiatad) tha tmam 
 |»f^aaaaaadlhK8 tha laUgkma hooaoa 
 jBPMia gald than Qiriatiqih«r ColnnbM 
 
 (•) Bniaet 
 W Oabbftt. 
 (•) Buaet. 
 
 diaeovered in Amerleai the hitter, a tufl. 
 eient amount to have purehaaed for ready 
 money the rieheet county in England \ and 
 yet neither of them wae satiafled. They 
 now determined to proclaim war agninat 
 the deadi they had eatellitee wilUng to 
 penetrate the vaulto un which the aun'a 
 raye had not ahown for canturiee, and who, 
 without a feeling of remoree, would have 
 broken open the eepalchre of Jaeua Chriat. 
 had the Redeemer died b aay o'' the three 
 kinRdom8.(a) Canterbury, the cimdle of 
 Chriatianity b England, poaeeeeed two 
 tombe that could not ftOl to exeite the 
 cupidity of theea treaanra-eeekeia t '-hoee 
 of St Anatin and 8t. Thomaa * Bvoket. 
 Fletcher will enable oa to form an eatimate 
 of the character of St. Anatin t— 
 
 ** About IMO yeare ago, and mora than 
 nine eentwiaa before the RaformatioB. St. 
 Auatin, with bia noble conpaaiooa, came 
 to preaeh tha fhith ia thia iabad t thay ware 
 men of rare Tiftne. who deepiaad tanaatial 
 plaaaaree, aad whoaa only aolicitnda wu 
 fbr tha aalTCkioB of aoala. By eoaatant 
 prayer, iMtfaig, penance, aad mottifioatlon, 
 they aimad the light of tha goepd around 
 thami eiowda came to hear than preach, 
 aad thay oiade maay proaalytaei bat it 
 waa by the eloqaenoe of chari^, thaa vari* 
 Mag tha worda of tha prophett 'How 
 lovely ara thoaa on tha moontalaa who 
 eone from alar to briag oa good aawal 
 Thua did God noompaaao thrir laboora. 
 Noteaity coBtampomy biatotlaaa, bat tba 
 PMtaetanU themaehrea. admit the anttMa- 
 tieityof tha mhadea patHiitmadby Aoatta 
 aad Ida monka, in thafar paogitaa tfawa^ 
 ouroldfaiaata. Tbtw to aot o aa m ant 
 tha nwai onial aaanim *i r^!^!^ 
 atampad with tha impiaao of OatholkUy, 
 Bot efOB Fo« tha martyialogirt, who doaa 
 
 Bot admit thaoa prodigieai vlaibk aifaa. 
 attaatiag tha aanottty of thaaa aaaflMaan ^ 
 Chriat. tha kgWmaay of thalf mlmioa, aad 
 
 eoaaaqoaaay. fka twth of tha ralWaa^ 
 wamlaboariai to aataWiah. l*«Wa* 
 am Fos,waa twoblad oa baaiiag of the 
 Bhadaapeirotmadbytheaa ■»-ta»«K) 
 Aad what a radden change waa maaUMid 
 
 itf) Ookbett 
 
 ^5 '»*> ^<^ "^ >*' 
 
flrie*) tb« latter, • idB* 
 Mve purehaaed for NMljr 
 
 eoanty in BngUuid t ud 
 em wu ■aiiafled. They 
 to procUim vntr axaiMt 
 had utellitea willing to 
 ulto un which tha aun'a 
 m for canturiea, and who, 
 [ of ramoraa, would hava 
 •palchra of Jaaua Chriat, 
 r diad b any o'' tha thraa 
 BBtarhnrj, tha eradia of 
 Bnglaad. poaaaaaad two 
 1 not fUl to axeite tho 
 a tiaaaara-aaakaia { '^hoaa 
 \d St. Thomaa A Bvekat. 
 )la oa to forn an attunate 
 gf St. Aoatin i— 
 faara ago, and mora than 
 lora the Reformation, St. 
 
 noble eompaniona, came 
 hinthiaielandtthqrwere 
 M,whodeepieedteReatial 
 rhoae only aoUcitnde wu 
 a of eonla. By eonatant 
 penance, and mottifleat io n, 
 light of the goepel around 
 wme to hear than piaaeh. 
 
 many proeelyteai hut it 
 unoe of ehaiity. thui nA- 
 I of the profAalt 'How 
 I on the mottstaiu who 
 ' to hving ua good newel' 
 leoompenee thrir laboaif. 
 Dponvyhiateelana.h«ltl* 
 aeelrae. adaait the aotfien* 
 molee perfunMd by Anatin 
 , in their peogitea thimi^ 
 
 T\tHf le aot one nMong 
 d enemiaa of emythinf 
 the iapieee of OrthoUei^. 
 the anartytologiet. who doaa 
 
 M imdigiasiTlaiUeaifat. 
 aottty of theae oonflMaMt ^ 
 dna^ of ttair otoiom and 
 hetrnthoflheraliRiMfithay 
 
 I ta eataUielt. Th* Vh> 
 tnmbled on haviag of tha 
 nedbytbeae aiaaioMriae^) 
 dden ehange WM wnlfiMM 
 
 taaaill( 
 
 un or mntn rui. 
 
 in thanntlona: monIal(*) A finr owntha 
 after Auatia'a death, thoae whom he had 
 eoarertad were preaching the goapal on tha 
 banka of tha Oder, tha Rhine, and the 
 Danube. St. Wilfred and St Booifkce 
 avangallaed Oennany. the diKiplaa of St 
 WUlibrod preached to the Danaa, and St. 
 Sigfriad to tha Swedae."(<>) The ahrine of 
 St. Auatin, the apoetia of England, waa 
 plaoad in a church dedicated to him, and 
 waa exceedingly magnificent, being omv 
 mented with gold end preoioue atonea. 
 WoAman were employad by tha royal 
 commiiaionara to tear off tha omamanto 
 firom thia fine piece of ait ( fire wee applied 
 to detach the gold which egee had, aa it 
 war^ eoldered into the wood and atona.(«) 
 Out the ahrine of St. Thomaa h Backet 
 in Canterbury Cathedral, waa atill mora 
 coatly. Thia arehbiahop'e name waa atill 
 venerated in Enghwd, ae he waa regarded 
 by aU aa the martyr of national Uben^, 
 which he defended with heroic courage. 
 "Letuabejtteli'*aay8 an biatorian whoae 
 authority none will diapute, "towarda tha 
 nemory of tbie prdato.'*(d) Hen^ II. in 
 aaaerting that the dergy oogfat to be tried 
 for fUony before the tribunal of hie oourtcb 
 Tiokted the constitution of the coontty. 
 Backet lUI in ooneequenee of hie rafnaal to 
 recall the excommunication which he had 
 pronounced egainat three prelatae in the 
 kingdom, whom he oonld not pardon with- 
 out expoaing hiaaalf to the eenauree of 
 Rome. The priTilcgee granted to the 
 Chnidi by Magna Charia required that he 
 ■hould reeiat hie eorareign. tha promoter of 
 the eonaatation of Cbmndon, the artkslaa 
 of which were the moetontrageoue attempt 
 that could be made by a prinee egainat the 
 Ubartieeefhiaanl4eote.(*> I» will ecaroe ly 
 
 (•) Turaer'a Hiatonr of the Ando-Saxona. 
 
 Catholic Chnrdk 
 
 (0) Oobbett. 
 
 (*) Turacr. 
 
 (•} l^of infbrmaiiM lelatiTe to St. Thomaa 
 of Caaterbunr, tee Bntler'a Book of the 
 BoBMa OatheOo Ohnroh, Utter VII I.~ Vita 
 8. ThoiiMB. Oanlar. epiaoopL 4 Williehao 
 Stephanide Joanne Serinbarienai eidacopo. 
 Cunoland et atUa auetorihna eoetanATokl- 
 Kripta. UnA. 1788.— Btuleloa. tiea Thaaue. 
 
 MMMUctderabHtAaeiieia. P«fJaUim«IoX 
 
 be believed that Cromwell conceived thn 
 idea of having Thomaa k Backet tried ihr 
 high trtaaon, but an acoount of the trial 
 ia atill extant, and we will therefore aubaM 
 it to the reader'a peruaal. 
 
 On the 94th of April, 1638. the king** 
 Attorney-General waa inatructad to com- 
 mence prooeedinga egainat th«t Arohbiahop 
 of Canterbury, and a clrrk depoeited tha 
 following aummona on hie tombi— ** Henry, 
 by the grace of God, King of Enghmd, 
 France and Ireland, Deflender of the Faith, 
 and auprama Head of the Church <rf Bag- 
 land, by the tenor of theae preeen^ we cite 
 thee, Thomaa, formerly Archbiahop cf 
 Oanterbnry, to appear before our aovereigB 
 council, to anawer for the cauaae of thy 
 death i ftnr thy acandala eommittod againal 
 the kinge our predeceeeorei forthyinao- 
 lence in arrogating to thyaelf the title of 
 martyr, aince thou aufferrdat rather aaa 
 rebel againat the king, thy lord and meeter^ 
 than ae a defender of the CathoUo fhithi 
 and for thy diaobedience to the lawa of i 
 aovereign prince and Judge, ae we ai« in 
 mattera eeitleelaetical. And aa thy erioMe 
 were committed againat that royal m^lBaiJ 
 with which we likewiee an veeted, w« now 
 summon thee to receive thy eenlanoo. If 
 no one duly authorieed appear in ihy da* 
 llmee. Judgment will be paeeed omm ^ji ^ 
 to the lawe of the hwd. ' Londoit "4^ 
 April. 1588." After an interval . " ^JHy 
 daya, granted to the aaint to procura eoVa* 
 eel and prapara bia d«fance^ the oaee wae 
 called on for trial Becket did not leave 
 hie tomb, but in order that it might not be 
 aaid that he had been tried without a hear* 
 ing. the king appointed him a conaaeikVi 
 The court met at Westmineler, on the llth 
 June, when the Attomey-Qeaan^ dm 
 arehbiahop'e ralidtor for the tiaM^ mI 
 being able to refute the chargea braught 
 againat hie client, prudenUy kqit eUenl^ 
 and a vwdiet waa broivbt ^laiaafe Sk 
 Thomaa fbr eoetumac|y. •* Tbonaa 'I 
 
 Bediet to wit :— conaideringthat no one Imo 
 oome forward to defend him, and that Mm 
 eoHoitor oAdally nominatnd to lepel the 
 dwrgee of nbellion, contumacy, a«i tMu 
 ann againat hia king, of whioi eritow 
 Backet baa been aeeueed; aeeiag that 
 during his lifetioM Becket troubled the 
 
 w 9 • • 
 
 ■««H 
 
 MKim 
 
 Mmmmmam 
 
 rmmmmimm 
 
SOB 
 
 LivK or n«iniT rm. 
 
 ktefidom, tbB» b« tod^wPOMd to lofriB«* 
 M ih« nuhwrtty of the kvm* ««' l>'f^*- 
 «MMn, (hmi ta flon»«lu«iM>« "f ,^™ 
 ■ttcapto h. wM poi M» d«rth, tnd th»l h« 
 did noi fmtmh tot the hoaow of 0«d "d 
 lue ChiiNh ; weing ihrt tsie •overeigntj of 
 Um Church tMlong* to the k»g. "^ ■•* 
 to the Bkhep ol Rome, m !»• it**"' 
 geeiaii that (la iieople reictrd him in the 
 view 0* » martyr, enJ veoerRU kU ihoee 
 who low Iheir Uvee in contending Jor the 
 MthMity of Uie Romnn Church i and in 
 «idar that «uek criiaee niejr not go un> 
 puMui. tbet the lgnor*nt mejrbeledto 
 Mktowkdge th«ir error*, wd ceeee to be 
 lh«vkltaM«f •bnaee introduced into tho 
 kingdom «• Judge eud decree, thrt the 
 •bore-OMMd Tboflue, eometime Aroh- 
 hiehop of C»terbury, eheU henceforth 
 aeeoc to baur the title it liartjrr, of Saint, 
 •Ml the Jnati that hie Imagae ehdl bo 
 n»m*i tiam aU ohurcb and hia name 
 anwed froa all Prnyer-b *, Uuoiea, and 
 kidendue, and that be i« convioted of 
 ttitMon, perjury, and rebellion, and conao- 
 •ttsatir, we order that hia boaee ahaU U 
 (ih«B auk «f hk tonb and publiely burnt, 
 ia Older that the hviag aaay !««» ««»» *• 
 •baetiMneiil o< tha dewi. to «H»^ /»» 
 tawa a«d our arthority. The gold. «lwr, 
 «Bd MoiiOBa •Umaa. and ather valuaUa 
 ^y,eta. wilA whioh piety, miataking him 
 fcvaaainW adorned hia ahrioa. araoonfi>- 
 Miod to the orowfc We forbid, under 
 aito of death and cMtftoeaHon, any of our 
 MljeetahewMforwaid to honour him aaa 
 aaiat. addnaa tt» hia ibeir prayera, carry 
 Uaralicai hM0«r bia diraotly or indirwstly ( 
 
 in dt ftffU of which, any one found gnU:y, 
 ^mB bo canndacad aa a eona^rator againat 
 
 «ar rayd kwiaon. or aa an abettor and 
 AOMapMee of refolt."C) 
 
 W Prooaai afthNt Thwnu Becket. and 
 «ldtf for demoliiMBg hie temb. 
 
 Itat Ciac Hem? VIII. caueed Beckett 
 •kilMto UdemoUaM. end the TUt ueaatue 
 SlbakaiMd to kin. to be bronj^t away fev 
 ST ownwT •» «» «•***■ :afcnn tti; and 
 «tat ^ bnnea. ee meet a»i **■* bunt, «t 
 ZLmL teodMM (aaMMt wUek Polydcrae 
 f lSiS£Sly^SS'«SXtand»i^^ 
 / I^TSium that ther ndght not be dkthf 
 
 .# L:ku_.«. AnBUMuuL." ikaft ha ecn t a maiw —y 
 
 • iiMt ha I— T, 
 
 ^^^STktaTVM hia eawe bdbre flta 
 
 1^ tdbnaai m many oevtoriea afler hia 
 
 Seraral biatoriaaa have endeavwrad to 
 den) thie act of folly, but the peoofa are 
 eitaot and inefragable. Henry himetK 
 ailudee to tide prucee* againat the aahre of 
 the dead in one of hia proolaroationaC^ 
 Paul ill. held up tbeee abaurd and infa.- 
 mnni proceedings to the eieeration of the 
 Cbrietian world il*) and Burnet haa taken 
 
 death. But Chryioet. Htnrlaues, in a book 
 Liitiiled " Phomlx reTirlwsene,'^ a«nm : "That 
 ThomM CromweU adviMd Hen^ to moceed 
 egaiiMt Tkomae k Badwt, for the ii^uiiaa dona 
 by him daring hi* Ufaiine, to King Henry II., 
 and alio to declare him to have b«an tawfutly 
 elabi, aa guilty of treaaon, and therefore that 
 Ua mooMry waa unworthy of reiieration and 
 kononr and Ikat the rich offerings »t hie tomb 
 should be confltcaled by the crown" Ac- 
 cordingly, the l*riTy Council coiicloded: 
 " That St. ThomM ehonid be cited to appear 
 before the king's couacil Mrhete his oauee 
 ehould be decided sccotding to law, and he 
 might defend it or cause it to be defcBilcd, 
 otherwfaM Jadgment would lo by defanh." 
 The oiUtion. imned by the king in eouaeil, to 
 given in the text See alao J. O. Pollini, totor. 
 Bed. dells Rivotaiione dlaghilitena. W,*i. 
 This citation Henry ordered to he eignllied 
 to the saint in hie tomb by an oncer ec the 
 ooucoil. and a wrUten declaration of ita being 
 lerred to be drawn up. And when the rtatut- 
 able period of thirty daya had elapsed, the 
 emae aaataMt the saint waa begun, a oounaellor 
 liuJBi swlnndl to Urn. who waa to plead his 
 cause ee the kbig wiahad. and widt aach argn. 
 nienU as tke king apwored. The crown taw- 
 yers defonded Henry II., and endeaTOured to 
 ■Nve tkat the eonetttatinM of OarwdM were 
 Jual, awl that St. Tkernaa waa eentomaoiana 
 and rebellions to owaeing them, and that the 
 murdereia of the aafiit had acted as good aiid 
 fotihfol sabieeto bi deimea oT tke honour aatl 
 authority of their bird md Ung. The reanlt 
 was the publication of a decree agataist 8t 
 Thomaa. 
 
 The decree la glren fai the teat » it was 
 ordered to be pufiiely ra^, hi L«de«, at 
 OantMibury, and othef oitiee and towns. 
 <«TIH proclaasadon baring been made, the 
 klngTe* the 11th day of Auguat. 1S38, ordered 
 it to be put bito ezeentioa, and hat all the 
 gold and rfhar at the aaint'a tomb Aowld be 
 ranored; and there waa ao nmeh, PottinJ 
 tafcima ua. that it took twenty di lane carta to 
 
 lemoTeittothereyalTrMaory. «»*"J,|°5 
 19tk dtw of the eama month, bring the fo^id 
 
 of StTBarnard, the aaorjiege waa 06«|deted 
 by the Wng** oommand j <ha Teaerablo nlice of 
 tib holy nuwiyr bebig publiely bnnt, and the 
 •diea aeattered to the winds, that no afMaucy 
 TuiTmS^ nmafai."-ViIMn^ CenaOii. 
 m ng. 
 
 ») ynUmf CcneUk, IH, 848. 
 
 >) I* judidum tocart at buMMB eerta. 
 _Jeemdamnari ao iMfdttoma ftnentF-Bidl 
 of the 17th ~ '- 
 
 ^! 
 
fladwvwnd to 
 
 \j, but the pwofa tn 
 ibl«. Hrary kimwH 
 M aRAinsi tha MbM of 
 hit proflUnuitkm^C^ 
 haw »li«urd and inf»> 
 I tha asaeration of the 
 aad Burnet hu Ukra 
 
 L HanrlquM, in a book 
 irUcana,'^ afirmt : "Tli«t 
 Ifiaed Hannr to proceed 
 Out, fcr Iha ti^unea done 
 •line, toKliigHaory II., 
 im to hava b«aii tawfutly 
 eaaon, and thenbn that 
 wonhy of MHantion and 
 rich offariuc* »l hia tomb 
 ed by tha crown" Ac- 
 
 XCoanvil concloded: 
 onld ba cited to appear 
 iooncil vihm U* oauaa 
 ■ccotding to law, and ha 
 cause it to be defended, 
 , would fo by default." 
 by tba Unf in oouneil, ia 
 M alao J. O. PoUini, lator. 
 ana d'Ia«liilitenra. Ill . 40. 
 try ordered to batignilied 
 tomb by an oOcar of tha 
 m daolarailon of ita baiag 
 ip. And when tha aUtut* 
 ty daya had alapaed, tha 
 intwaa begun, a ooonaoHw 
 tia, who waa to plaad Ui 
 lahad, aad wiA aaoh argn* 
 pworad. Tba otowb law* 
 * u., and endcaToufad to 
 h»Unm of Olanmdaa wart 
 rkemu waa eantamaoioaa 
 ppaabf then, and that tha 
 tint had actad aa good and 
 daftaea ef tka konon and 
 ord and Ung. Tha laauU 
 IB q( A daorea againat St 
 
 rfraB in tha teitt it waa 
 iXUtf nad in London, at 
 «tha| Gitiaa aad towna. 
 n having been made, the 
 ay of Angnat. 1S38, ordered 
 azaentioa, and hat all the 
 ^ aaiat'a loaab dumld be , 
 M waa ao nmeh, PoUini 
 lok twaaty-ab tana carta to 
 *yal Tnaaory. And oa tba 
 aoBMnth,beiagtba«Hti^id 
 
 m aaorilcfe waa vMvlt^ 
 land t tha Tannable raiioa a 
 (big pnWicly bant, aad tha 
 tha wiada, that ao aMBMn 
 Bain."'-iriIMnar CaaaBla. 
 
 •idlla, in^ <-^ _. 
 I tocariat taafaaa aa"*; 
 A |MfdttuaaftNMit.^Bw 
 
 MVe 
 
 Lin OV RRXtT Ttll. 
 
 can to sail onr altoutioa to tha oatraHaa 
 wbieb tha ktnf( oonliiiuad to commit 
 aiiainat tba memory of tha aaintad Mch- 
 biahop, looff after the profenation of kla 
 tomb at CanterlMiry (•) Tba aantance waa 
 axecuted, and araiad men caroa to break 
 open tlia ahrine of St. Tbomaa. Tha 
 gold, ailvar, aad precious aionaa, which 
 vara aatraotad from it. filled aeraral cnffara 
 wbieb were conveyed to L<ondon.(^ Among 
 the diamoada that aparkkd on the tomb, 
 there waa ona of great value, oaUad the 
 French diamond, from ita having bean 
 preseniad to the taint by Louia VII., in 
 1170. Koary had it mounted in a ring, 
 whieh ha altarwarda wore on hia finxerC) 
 WiihiQ the period of a few yeara. Henry 
 auppres*«d 6«5 monatteriea, twenty eight 
 of whirk were repretented in Parliament 
 by their reepeetive abbota t aad in difarent 
 parta of tha kingdom, 90 evUrgaa, 2374 
 chantriea and free ohapela, and 110 hoapi- 
 tala wtrt draMtished. Tha revenuea of 
 tkaaa varioua aatabliabnenta amounted to 
 £1.710,000. Huaa, to whom wt art 
 iadtbud Cor Uieta dataila ramarka, that tht 
 whole landed mtal of Baglaad at that 
 ptritd waa eatbaatad at £4,000,000. tht 
 Nftonaa ol the rtUgioaa hooaaa aot tx- 
 caading a twaatitth part af tko natieaal 
 MV«Bna.(<>) It waa aaid thM (he spoliatkia 
 of tht ahbeya wookl aaaklt tha priaeate 
 itpetl aU tha taaatj bat ao far from dimip 
 niaUag thtn, ht tnaialed. aome timt after, 
 oa baii^ oonpanaatad tor tha txpeata ht 
 had UMOired » tka refonaatioa of tht 
 rekgioaa houaia i and ia lata thaa a jtar. 
 (IMO.) ht titortoA flwA tkt rdootant 
 gnihudt of PttrttanMat. a aubaidy of two- 
 teotka and tw»-iflteBtha.(*) Is aidar to 
 iaaniatktoMpaiathNioCtkt aohiUty. ha 
 ahaitd hte tpoya with hia fMrooritaa. Op 
 tooM ht beatowad tht revtaoaa of tht 
 auppitcttd HooM^ while to oth^ ha aoU 
 •r ltl» «t anoiaiiMl n«ti Um hnildisga and 
 kMlt. TU nian of St. Anatta'a Abbtf 
 wen •onvartad int» a pthot fbr kit 
 If^Mty. amenagarit for hit wild btaMt, 
 
 S 
 
 Bnmet, 
 , , It took twenty-aix large eaita to remove 
 the tomb.— Henriettas. 
 («) Godwin. 
 
 I*) Home.— Camdaa, Britaaaia. 
 (•) Lii«ard. 
 
 m 
 
 and three manora for hit cooftItre.<f) 
 Wincheatar Abbey, founded bj Alfred tha 
 Great, and tha plaoa of hia interment, wat 
 given, together with all ita dapendaneiot, 
 to Wriothcalay. who aubiequentlv received 
 from the royal munifkence Mi'-' fldevar 
 and Siratton.C) So profuae wu Henry in 
 hia liberality, that ha prcaantad a wonaa 
 with tha revenuea of a whole abbey, fbr 
 having made him a pudding that pleaetd 
 hia palata.(i>) He reque«ted Cromwell to 
 give one of Mr. Bedyl'a beneftcea to a 
 priaat who had taken great paina in training 
 two hawks for him.(i) 
 
 Aa a pratait (or these acta of spoliation, 
 the people were told that the aappraaaion 
 of the monaatariee would have an immediate 
 tendency to ameliorate the condition of tba 
 poorer obaaea. But tha people were d» 
 eeived, for a great part of the OMnaatic 
 treaauret waa emphiyed ia aatiafying tkt 
 cupidity of the eourtiera. who, aooordiag 
 to Bale, an ardent rtbrmer, laviahed them 
 oa gamhling-hooata, nuaqaeradtia, aad 
 women of Ul-raa>e.(i) In ^ abort time, tht 
 high roada ware erowded with beggara, aad 
 in order to arrcat the pifogreaa of tbo 
 acoorge of meodioity, an aot wat pttaad 
 aathoriaing tht abariff^ nMgiatratat, and 
 parochial authoritica to " levy alma,'* and 
 iaihiCing varitut penaltica on any paaaona 
 foBod appealing to the contnisi rarta n af 
 thepubUci the lirat oAbnot waa pmdabtd 
 by tht lota of the ofhadec't eani and a 
 MKileea death awidtad bias iriw ahoidd 
 be a tecoad timt eonvh)ttd.(h) 
 
 Uttrature, wfaioh tht myal nosllMMft 
 waa aaptetad to lavive, waa aot ta tlw 
 aiiffateatdeKreebcnelnadbfdMateidariB»> 
 UoD of tht monatteriea. Qn tha eontraiy, 
 ■fitr tht mooat^ tMaanrtt had bttn 
 twathiwtd ap in tkt Myri toflhra, tha 
 Bttrarj men of the daf ware rtdnoad to 
 tht Bttaeai^ of appealing to tha geiitrotilgf 
 of tht pnott, wkaihad sot a ptniv te 
 
 i: 
 
 Sll. 
 Hnofv 
 r>) That for thepaina (be said priest takaa 
 about the hawka, he should have one of Mr; 
 Bedyl'a baaafleaa.— Letter of FiU-WUliaa to 
 Cromwell. State Papaia, L, a64*&. ,. 
 
 (k) mXIm. 
 
 hitiwiiaiWiaiiiwraiiw'iiMriiiM^i 
 
 ^iimWiiWMfanitiiwiBiaiiiaai 
 
 mtm..' 
 
910 
 
 Uri OP BEXMI Vllt. 
 
 nllava thalr MOM*iti«*.(*) Tb«r« wh » 
 tioM whra, in Biuop*, tb* imw« of tiM 
 profuullont M«r«iMd bjr tha Mnora •ffiinil 
 th* Holjr 8«pulchra uomtd th« whula of 
 Chriataudoin. Md th* crfi "Toarmal to 
 «rni« ! " »M nimi by all who lixl btco 
 NgtMratad •! lb* baptlioud font In 
 Bnglud. uad* Hmry VIII., it wu not 
 dMUMd tnougb to bmk open tha ibrinat 
 of Minu. to dMpoil tbtlr tomba of thair 
 ornamanu, to oaat thair aahaa to iha wlnda, 
 to plundar tha monaalariaa, and redoca tha 
 raliciona who dwalt la th^ calla to bag fur 
 thair brtad, but biahopa, priaata, nwnka. 
 miaiatara, and avan woman, wara draffgad 
 to tha acaifald, baeaaia thar rafuMd to 
 kpoatatiaai raflnamanta of emalty, aueh aa 
 WW* navar draant of in Roma undar tha 
 Caaara^wara iavantadfor thair tortara.(b) 
 nod Chrialian Europa niaad not a cry. 
 Ona man alona protaatad, by hia taara, hia 
 criaa, hia thiaata, and hia dannnciationa 
 •liaUiat thaaa hotribla acta, and that man 
 waa tha Popa, tha living aymbol of oiviliaa. 
 tioai bnt ha waa not hoard. What angd 
 of 4vil, it may ba aakad, aonld hava had 
 th* powar to atiia aT«ry grain of fealing in 
 tha haaaabraaat, to diy up oMn'i taara, to 
 tia down thair tongoaa, to paralyaa thair 
 
 (a) Uttar of the Univaiaity of OxAnd 
 ^aiyn (a ba axonaad from tha paymant cf 
 flntfrnitaaodtithaat— 
 
 •• If Iha ralora of itataa, O Hoary, moat 
 angBit of kiap, from tha aartiaat tfaa kaTa not 
 oahr graatbd variona axampiiMia aa4 inunnai- 
 tiaa to amwM davetad to pUloaopUeal par- 
 •vita, bat haT« alao baaa analoaa that thsy 
 AoSa baaanUadwith all tUna aacaaMury to 
 tha pmaaoatiM af Ihalr atadfiM. how mueh 
 MMtarhaapiMaaahoaMwa axaaet who hava 
 Wa bom aad ara kviag aa ChriMkna undar a 
 Biuat ChiMan king, aa adwlaia nadw a 
 
 r..n4ioM Uag, ai thaeleg ton a ndar a Uag 
 walkmaad ia an tha myatadaa of IMirhM wia- 
 dom; ta my aothiag of yoar •aimly'a gnat 
 olaaiaaoy, haaimity, gaMlanaaa of aanaar^ 
 nd mora ihaahmaaa tetaaaMat, in whleh 
 Mbrta yaur mi^aaty anrpaaMa aot only aH 
 iwathani. ' 
 la&arral. 
 
 WilUaa* CouoUla. III., 81MS. 
 (h) Apol. Bag. PoU ad Oarol. V. 
 
 ar midaaty onrpaama aot only aO 
 bnt ail Ohiiatiaaa, by a Tonr wida 
 — MSii. Oott. Paaat., 0. Vll.— 
 
 ama, and anapand avary pnlaation of thair 
 haartaf Martin Lotbar. Lat ua luppoaa 
 that tha monk of Wittamherg had naver 
 baan born. Would nona bara baan found 
 among thoaa who bear the image of Ood 
 upon earth, to aranga the oania of 
 humanity, outraged by that Tudur who 
 preeumed to retain hia title of Defender of 
 the Faith t Like Luther, Henry diaobayed, 
 and we are witneaaae of the evila produced 
 by their rebellion. And if, in oonaaquenca 
 of hia unfortunate pasaion for Anna 
 Boleyn, Henry had not aoeadad firora unity, 
 ahall wa ba told that Europa would hare 
 witneeerd thoee atrooitiaa of royalty, which 
 continued for three yeare to diagrace tha 
 Bngliah nation ( Tha caprice of a dmpot 
 coet thia iaiand, formerly known aa tha 
 IiumU Stmctorum, riTara of blood and teaia. 
 It ia truly melancholy to rahtta how impri" 
 aonmant, hunger, miaary, the halter, and 
 the Btake bacaioe tha lot of tha npraaanta> 
 tivea of thoaa canobitaa who brought under 
 cultivation tha untillad knda of tha thraa 
 kingdoma, andoaed tha rivere within tbeb 
 ehaanela, made tha roada, threw bridgaa 
 over tha rirara, built chnrchae, fbnndad 
 hoapitab, taught tha childrea to read, 
 preached tha goapal to adnlta, p ro m ote d 
 ■oience and litaratua, and. aa tha Soriptaro 
 M^a, "cauaad a ray of light to diina amonf 
 pao|da who wara walking in tha abadow of 
 death." " Henry VIII." aaya Montaa4|aiaii, 
 "daatfoy a d the hoapitala in which the poorer 
 dauaaa found aubaiatanca, aa tha gantry did 
 in the monaatnriaa. Since thia change, tha 
 apirit of coanaerca and indoatry Imm bean 
 aataUahad in Bimlaiid."(*) Aphiloeophar 
 withont fealing, whob for the enoonsaga- 
 ment of indnatiy and coouMroe, api^ao^ 
 the daatmctioB of aaylnma conaecratad to 
 tha naa of tbadaatituto poor.(<) 
 
 (•) De I'eenrit dee Loia, XTIII. 
 
 (') Balmara Proteetaatlam oomparcd wlft 
 Oaiholieiam.— Bntler'a Bo«dc of the Bonua 
 Cathtdie Ckareh.— La Rttame aontra ht 
 MCKme. 
 
•vary pulMtion of their 
 uthtr. Let ua tuppoM 
 Witt«mb«rg had narer 
 1 nona hara baan found 
 bear the Saiaga of Ood 
 ivaniia tha oaaM of 
 d by that Tudor who 
 
 hia title of Defender of 
 uther, Henry diaobajred, 
 la of tha evUa produced 
 
 And If, in oonaequenca 
 te paaaion for Anna 
 not aaeadad ftrotn unity, 
 lat Buropa irould hara 
 ocitiaa of royally, which 
 a ycara to diagraca tha 
 Pha capriea of ■ dHpot 
 fonnarly known aa tha 
 rirara of blood and teaia. 
 Dly to relate how impri" 
 miaery, the baiter, and 
 lie lot of the repreeentft- 
 titaa who brought under 
 tilled landa of tha thra* 
 1 tha rivere within their 
 m roada, threw bridgea 
 uUt chorchae, founded 
 tha ohildraa to read, 
 lal to adnlia, promoted 
 ua, and, aa tha Soriptara 
 r of light to ddna amonf 
 alking in tha ibadow of 
 III." aaya Montaequiaii, 
 {titala in whieh the poorer 
 latenea, aa tha gentry did 
 Sinoa thia chaoga, tha 
 • and indoatry haa bean 
 laiid."(*) Aphiloeophar 
 hn, for the anoonnga- 
 uud coauBMva, applpuda 
 aaylnma conaecrated to 
 itnte poor,(<) 
 
 M Loia, XTIII. 
 rteetanttm cempaied wlft 
 ('a Bmdc of Um Bonua 
 -La R«iiraM aontia k 
 
 UVB or HINR1 VUl. 
 
 til 
 
 CHAPTER XXXVIII. 
 
 THE HKRBTIC8. 
 
 RMimilt lerTee In Rcctend, aa weU u in Oermuiy, to ntrad Ifa* Rtfonnallrm.— Fldi imbUihee Ua 
 Suppll«irtion of tht Poor.— 81r ThomM Mort's r«ply to Fish.— Tyndair* BIbU.— Hetatiee 
 panithtd in England— Bilney, Harding, Frlih, Hcwet.— Onutmaf ■ oonduat.— Dlapnta between 
 Lunbtrt, lh« ■cboulmMter, and Henry.- Lambert oondamned to be bamt allTe. — An aeeoiatlon 
 broofhi againtt OathoUeiim and refuted.— Ol»« legiitlation.— Opinion of the Befokmeri on the 
 erlnte of beNsy.— Had Henry not aeoeded, blood woaU nut have flowed In Bnfland. 
 
 Thi Reformation did not wait for the 
 aappreuton of the monaateriaa before it 
 endeavoured to obtain a footing in Eng< 
 land. Henr/e obitinata conteat with tha 
 Holy See had aerred tha deaigne of propa- 
 gandiam; and the Raformere, foreaeeing 
 that aooner or hUer aehiam would reault in 
 heraay, employed againat Caiholieiam tha 
 aame weapona whieh had been eo eSbetira 
 in tha German Reformation. One pheno- 
 menon whieh w« noticed when apeaking of 
 tha religioua roTolution whioh occurred 
 almoet eimultaneoualy in Saxony and in 
 Switaarland ie, the almoat eidueive uae of 
 ridicule, by which Lnthar, Calvin, Fareland. 
 and Zuingliua effsoted the triumph of their 
 creed. Argument, one would imagine, 
 ehould be the aole anziliary of Rationaliem, 
 but it waa not ao with theee men. Tha 
 theaea whioh Luther aflzed on tha walla of 
 AU Sainta* Cbureh, at Wittemberg. are 
 nothing mora than an ironical attack upon 
 aome of tha dootrbea of the Churoh of 
 Rome. Theology for the firat time oalled 
 ridicule to ita idd. and endeavoured to 
 laugh to acorn thoea whooa it diould have 
 khoured to oonvinee. One man, Tetael, 
 preeentad bimaalf u tha ^mpion of tha 
 ancient Teatdnie (kith, and waa certain of 
 victory, becauaa ha waa aeoonded in hia 
 conteit with error, by Arietotle. Then, % 
 thing nnhenrd of ainoe the eziatence of 
 eontroverey, • diacipk of tha holy acienco 
 la lapvaaeatad til tha ayaa of all Gannaqy; 
 MftlMwiv of atooea, an cater- of nd-hot 
 
 iron, a bather, who amuaad bfanaelf iA 
 composing hia propoaitiona with the fbmea 
 of a roasted gooee in his noatrUs.(*} A 
 loud burst of Uughter waa heard among 
 the Saxon scholara. Logic had had iU 
 day. Pariah Ariatotlet long live Luther 1 
 waa heard from ail parte of tha aaeembty. 
 In Switaarland, at Lausanne, in that ma- 
 morable diaeuaaion on authority, all th« 
 Catholio diaeiplea oama prepared with 
 argumenta which they considered con- 
 vincing, and which their opponanta, Fkrd 
 and Virat. imbnad with tha apirit of 
 Luther, did not even attempt to anawnr. 
 On eeebg the peaaants of Ooehy, If oiga«, 
 and Nyon. who had come to witneae tha 
 tbeoloKical tounuunant, tha two tapreaen- 
 Utivee of tha new oraed had laeoovaa to 
 ridicule i and one of them, apeaking of 
 fasting, expreseed hia |d^ for tha aleek and 
 pining labourer, who waaoWgad to eat hi« 
 bread with aalt kud water, after having 
 given hia cheese to the commisstoners, hia 
 ham to St Anthony, his ish to tha Holy 
 Ghoat, and hia wine to the parasitsa of hto 
 Holineee. Thenceforth, faating in the Hav 
 ohuteh oeaaedto ba a precept (tf ohliga^ol^ 
 aa if ridicule were proof.O) 
 
 Ridioule in Germany waa tb*<rafora on* 
 of the moet eStetive ii^etnimente of pro» 
 aalytiam. It waa nniversally uaedj in tha 
 pulpit, in conversation, in polemical dit* 
 
 S 
 
 miimmmmim*.-ymi0mammmsmimmm^ 
 
 Ltascher. 
 
 Audio's Hist, of CMlk' 
 
 wmmmsmmmi.. 
 
 .*.'-^ 
 
•M 
 
 un Of numt nth 
 
 Md 
 
 , ia Um iMNd hfaM I wood, •toas, 
 wvn BHui* attUMrriaiit to the 
 of knaumotioa. In Ennbod, th« 
 powar of thia ajnnboUam waa wall undar* 
 Mood, ud waa Srat eiaplcxed to aiU.'k 
 Mid ovarthrov oao of iha dof maa of Calho- 
 lldaia— Purgatorjr. Simoo Plah. of Onijr'a 
 Ibb, a mambar of a aociatj of ioiw a^awiia, 
 who wara in tha habit of oMelinc in a 
 Inrani fbr tha porpoaa of rldkulian tha 
 aMnka and thair practioaa, pubUahad a 
 pamphiat aKainat porgatorj, which waa 
 W HWl y pwowM bj tha icnonwi Thia 
 waali waa Mlitalad "Tha Sopplioaaiaa af 
 BtMara,** aad appaaiad both la Latla aad 
 Kvgua||.(*) Th« author, who waa naithar 
 dakiaal in wU aor la aatirical (aain% 
 iatioduoad into hia n yyU aa ti aw a niunbar 
 of poor paiaona, who ooaplaiaaH that all 
 Uw penea fUl Into tha handa of the inonka, 
 whc wara Iht, wall-iWd, and hrpocriticaL 
 " 8aa,tiiam what thay ulta from tnoaa whois 
 Jataa Chriat haa caUad tha nambera of hia 
 body I Tharaaia Iraordara of bagKaiai 
 BOW, if aa^U Indirldiul mambar of thia 
 aa^pdaiiom waia to laaaira bat ona paany 
 {NvB tyaqr (limilj la tha kiof dom, a aum 
 v^^ b« naUaed aofflcianily kr^a to 
 Hi^lpt^w ^ ^* t>«txva in Bnglaad. But 
 ia tti n«t kaown how thaaa hnga drunaa 
 fpm^ aad m^ Um Chrittiaa hiva of tha 
 pm« kqmgft Qif, mj thay, aomathiog 
 tof tint «p«|| la pwRatoiy. But \rbat 
 Bi c » nt< y i» t)iara ibr tM^ moaqr for tha 
 aoola ia paxatary* wbaa the Popa haa 
 iba powir of abridflag tha tana of thair 
 ftdmBinf Ha oalj dalivara, it ia true, 
 th.>a% fnu> <Mk* Imi* praaaata to the 
 Charoh, aad laavca the raat to ■ufler." 
 The reader will eaaily perceive in thia 
 extras the aama ironioal form of argument 
 M Ihat employed at VHttemberg by Or. 
 Li^ari aad deaarvedly espoeed by Bek. 
 
 fli^'e pamphlet waa well reoeired at 
 eooitt, wlw(« tlM Rafprmera had aaTeral 
 hetba airente at w«rk.(kj Aaaa Bolaya, 
 who eaeretly fktroared tha RefDimatioa, 
 abowfd it to the kingi^*) and tl|e royal lover 
 lambada aaj aetioa to be brought againat 
 
 (■) SmpUoatio panpamm acripta i Simaaa 
 riah da Grayta laa.— OenUa. 
 
 (*)r««. 
 
 (•) Bi 
 
 an lutbor wtio had eoaiHbutad to tha 
 amuaamaot of hia miatraaaC) lliia event 
 ooowrad. it muat be borne in mind, a kng 
 time praviooa to tha apoliation of tha 
 rnonMtariaa. Mora parocivcd the daaHw 
 that auch a work waa caleulatad to produce, 
 aad raaolved to rafute It. Hia reply waa 
 aotitalad t " The Bupplieacion of tha Bonla 
 in Purgatory."(*) Mora'a work waa very 
 inferior to that of hie rival i ha did not 
 aaek to excite ridioule, but oommiaamtion. 
 With thia ia view, he brought forward a 
 Bumbar of aaula aiOreriag ia the expiaieay 
 iaaaae < the aaol af a lather, a h«ahaa4 a 
 wifc. a child, who addreeeed their aupfll 
 catiana to their fHenda oa earth, eiyiagi 
 " Have pity oa ua, aad (wlNt ihoae moake 
 who are about to bo oyp r eeeadi cobm to 
 their aaaiataatc;. withhold not your alma i ta 
 the piaycra c^ thaaa iiligkHia we owe our 
 ooaaolaiioni thoee prayenv lacaived by a 
 Ood of mercy, will be heard and our auf^ 
 feringe alleviated." 
 
 It ie a pity that Mora, who did not alw^ya 
 reader juatice to the monka, did not draw 
 mora large^ oa hia hiatorieal kaowledgek 
 He might have ahowa, that avety farthing 
 reeeived bf the moaka, paaaad (hithfally 
 into the treeaury of the oommuaity, and 
 wae deetined to eupply bread to the poor, 
 medicine to tha aick, a bed to the traveller, 
 aaaiatanee to the gentlamaa reduced to 
 want I to tha founding of hoa|iital*, to tha 
 drainage of ewampa, the purehaatog of 
 com, and tha cultivation (rf waau landa. 
 The number of poor people in Bngland at 
 that period muat have been comparatively 
 amall, ainoe, a penny Arom each fkmily, 
 Booordlag to Fiah, would have auJEBced to 
 relieve the wanta of all thoee who were 
 in indigeaoe. Pliuperiam, previoua to tiie 
 auppreaaion of the raligiooa hou^a, wae 
 aot a crime that merited either the halter or 
 the priaon. More next attache bia opponent 
 on theological gronnde, by proving froia 
 Scripture the axiatcnee of purgatory i aad 
 Buraet aokaowledgaa, that in thia part of 
 hia work, More evinced u much learning 
 aa eloquanee.(f) 9^^ the pamphlet whi*?!) 
 
 (<) Bvmet. 
 
 The anpflloacion of 8<mU, made, 
 lASft, ^pJaai tia aappUoaaka of fieopuBb 
 
•d eoatributad to th* 
 mMlrMt,(<>) Tbia avrat 
 Im bom* in miad, ■ lon( 
 
 Um •polMtion of lh« 
 s p«ri>«i?«<j Ui« duffw 
 M calottUtod to product, 
 ifiito It. Hia nipljr wu 
 lu|>pUe«cioii of th« Soula 
 
 Mor«'a work wu rwj 
 f bia rival I ba did not 
 lula, but oommiaoration. 
 ', ba brought forward a 
 ufarinf ia (ba aapiaiaiy 
 r a Ibtbar, a baahaadl a 
 > ad d raaaa d tbalr aupfll 
 iauda oaaafth. tr^mKi 
 and |w>*Nt ihoaa aoaha 
 
 ba oppraaaad i coom to 
 tlkold not jour alma 1 1* 
 M iiligkHiB wa owaour 
 
 pra7an\, raceivad by d 
 II ba baard and our aufp 
 
 iora, who did b«( alwi^ 
 lia monka, did not draw 
 lia hiatorieal knowladgak 
 mm, tbat avaiy fttrthinf 
 Doaka, paaaad ftuthfal|y 
 of (ha oomnuoity, and 
 ipply bread to tha poor, 
 ik, a bed to tha traireUar, 
 
 fantlenaa reduced (o 
 ling of hoa|iital*, to Um 
 ipe, (ha purehaaiog of 
 [(ivatioB (rf waau land*, 
 tor people in Bngknd at 
 hare been comparalivelf 
 inny firom each fkmily, 
 
 would have auJB&ced to 
 of all thoee who were 
 iperian, previoua to (ha 
 I religioua hou«ei, waa 
 irited either the halter or 
 teit attache hia opponent 
 mnda, by proving from 
 Icnee of purgatory i and 
 gea, that in (hia part of 
 iaoed aa much learning 
 M (he pamphlet wbi<;i) 
 
 ikm of SottU, made, anao 
 ppiloaoktt of BeggaiBb 
 
 uva «r aiiniT vni. 
 
 •If 
 
 might h««« tNMi ikm appiaaaa of Chriet'a 
 College, wae not underetood by tha people t 
 whllat that of Piah obtained the tympathy 
 of the multiltt«le. becauae it appealed to 
 the paaaioae. 
 
 I^atlMtr'a doctrine, in the meaawhile. did 
 not reoaain eaptiva in Oermaay. IW>m 
 8axoay it had paaeed to the baaka of lb* 
 Rhiae, and ftam Heidelberg. Manbe^m. 
 aad Aii-la>Chap«lle, it had epread over ike 
 whole of Lower Oernaay. Innumerable 
 traeta war* publiaked at Antwerp, almnol 
 all In tba form ol dlaioguae, aioeedingly 
 allariag, ia whioh the authora attaokad 
 raliee, pilgvimagaa, the doatriae of workib 
 the uee al ioMgee, tha auproroaey of tba 
 Popei and theee pamphleta^ devoid of 
 theologloal eaieaaa, ba( bMar aad aatting, 
 caafided (o the waveo on aome ligh( bark, 
 landed in England, to fulfll their miaaioa 
 of exciting ignoraat miada againat the 
 Roroaa hianireby.(*) Tyddal, Joya, aad 
 Cuntlantyaa, beeama the kawkera of tba 
 new goapaL William Tyadal, a aativa of 
 Oifcrd, kaC beaa nominated a oanon of 
 one of (ho eatlegee fouadod by Wolaay.(k) 
 " Tha Captivity af tha Ckmnk at Babylon" 
 waa oat of tim Aral kentkal haoka iha( Iw 
 read, and hoiara he had paroaed tha whoia 
 of tha work, he becaam a eoaverl to tha 
 SazoB eraed. Like Luther, hia ■aaatar, ha 
 believed that for tha propagation of (ba 
 new doctriao it wae neriaaary (o give tha 
 people tba Bible, aad that (oa ia tha veraa. 
 cular (oagua. He oomawnead al Aalwwrp 
 the traadation of (ha New Taotamaut, ^ 
 which a few hundred evpiea nnehed Bng- 
 land la IftSO. The clergy eaamiaad tba 
 venioa, aad foaad il laplate with errora 
 and abaufditieo of tha groeaaat kind, aoma 
 of whioh won pointed oat by tha biebopa.(*) 
 William Tyndal himaelf aokaowladged 
 that tha work had baea axacuted with (oo 
 RT«a( haala. laviaed it, abnoal oalirtly 
 remodelled it, aad puUiehad a eeaoad 
 4ditiMi of hia tnaalatioa ia IW4^) Ae- 
 eording to Ua idaaa, thia Tenioa waa (ha 
 pure raiez of (ha Diviaa Word ; but ha 
 
 (•) Burnet, 
 (k) Tytler. 
 (•) Baraet. 
 (o) Andia'a nolm 
 More. 
 
 «B SUplatoB'a Ub nf 
 
 traaaletad, aa Thomaa Mora Vu ahowa ia 
 the aeoond bcnk of hia refutation of Tyoi* are 
 reply to iSe " Snpplicaoion of Soula," under 
 the miaerable influence of eectarian viewa.(*) 
 Tyadal'a tranalatiun might perhapa hava 
 obtained at Zurioh, Hut at WitUmberg it 
 vould have been burnt. Henry forbade 
 hia eubjaela, by ptoclamadon, to Imporl, 
 eell. or keep, ia their poaaeeeion any each 
 varaiona, and ordered the chanerlliir and 
 tha oourta to proercuta any one that ehould 
 dieobey hia commanda, and m puniah with 
 the utmoat rigoorof (ha law tha abettore of 
 (ha aaw opiniona.C) 
 
 Tha eehiam with Rome wae now pro- 
 claimed, and Henry declared, by an act of 
 ParliaaMnt, Supreme Head of tha Church. 
 Bonfliea bUMd on the ooeaaion in all (h^ 
 poblie aquarea of London, and tha execu- 
 tioner committed to the flamea a pile of 
 pamphlete which the king regarded ZM 
 haterodoi: Tyndal'e. Bible, the SiippUea- 
 eion of tha Poor, the writinga of Oaiander, 
 and everything that bad been publiahad by 
 Luther, were all oondemned by thia acruta- 
 (or, more aevere than the inquiaitora of 
 Vaaloe. The biehope, who had ewom to 
 aoknowledge the king'e aupremaey, vied 
 with each other in teconding hia capricf^ t 
 and henca, booke that Rome had me'.ely 
 eeaeured, were unreacrvedly coinmitu J to 
 the iUmea. Had Henry determined on 
 burning the Bible, he would have found 
 apoatatea ready to obey him. The condem- 
 nation of booka waa followed by the peraa- 
 eutioa of the " free thinkera." Labouriag 
 maa wen carried off to priaon i aome for 
 having taught their children (o repeat (ho 
 Lnrd'a Prayer in Engliah ; o(hen for aol 
 having obaerved the faete preeonbed by tha 
 Church of Bnglandi for rrfumng to go to 
 oonfeeaion, or for neglecting to approach 
 the Holy Table. Any one found breaking 
 the Sabbath ehared the aame fate, aad woo 
 to him in wlioee poeee ea ion ehould be found 
 lay of tha prohibited hooka, for tha ataka 
 awaited him. Hilton, tha vicar of Maid- 
 atone, waa burnt for Iwving brought orer 
 from Antwerp aooM of (he Lutheran 
 
 »it iiiwimaa»iB^w«w<«tw 
 
 (•) The eonfotaiion of Tyndal'e aaawar to 
 Ue dialogue made in 1.53.1 in IX boeka.— 
 Stapleion and Lewie.— CoUiar. 
 
 (f) Wilkina' CcacUia. 
 
 
 
lu 
 
 ijFt or nmir ttii. 
 
 ■|K>k«n M[>ln«» pilgrt'"*!*'- »•»• "*' "/ **" 
 YsMnci». »h« lnUrc«i«ion of •wnU. wid Um 
 •M 0^ itman, WM oond«mn«d to di« by 
 th« h*o4 uir lh« •i»outioMr. On mnir\n§ 
 ftt th« «ooi of lh« K»ffold. h« oftrwi np ft 
 fntytr, reclud lh« eiUil. Prtlm. "nd Mid 
 to Dr. Wwiwr, who •ooompwil«d him t 
 " Adiau. wtloh am lh« Hock lh*t hai be jo 
 IntnittMl to you, and b« 6*rt(ul thai tmr 
 fxjd may find you at your pott whan Ha 
 «nMt to d«iand an account of your 
 Mtwuoahip." U la not aiaHly known ftir 
 Utol ciln» of haway ha auffefad daath. 
 Vox obaarvaa, with aorrow, thai BUaty 
 btUarad in tha KiA Praa«nea.(k) 
 
 Tbonaa Hardinn, of Bueh'r^fhwii^i*, 
 had eonmalad himaalf In tha rcraaU, whara 
 k* WM diaeovarad with a Prayar-book in 
 Ua hand. Ilia houaa waa aawchad, and la 
 it wara found a faw laaraa of Tyndal'a Naw 
 Taatauiant. Harding w*a takan bafbra 
 Lunglkfld, th* king'a confeaaor. who, for hia 
 diagncaful tonrtcaa in tha diwrc* queation, 
 had baan appolnUd Biahop of Unoola. 
 Harding'a Rreat aga. for ha w»a a raty old 
 man, had iM aTaot in propitiatiair hia 
 Judgaa, and ha waa conaaqnantJy aant to 
 Chaoham to ba burnt. Hanry'a elargy had 
 Krant«d indulgencaa of forty daya to all 
 who Bhould furniah wood for tha buralnff 
 of haratiea. and thaao indnlRanoaa turned 
 out fikv.iurabla to powr Harding, for a Jog 
 of wood, thrown by aooia ono in tha crowd, 
 broke hia head, and ih«r«by ralaaaad him 
 f^oin tha a ful torturea of tha (lainaa.(«) 
 Tba akvation of a aiarri«i) prieat to tha 
 Arcbiapiacopal 8a« of Canurbury, Katha- 
 rina'a divorce, and the abolition of tha Pope'a 
 authority, had inflamed the aeal of tha 
 Raformara, who now imajrnad that they 
 would ba allowed to diaaaminate ttieir new 
 doctrine with impunity j bat they aoon 
 diaeov<;rod, to their diamay. that the aelf- 
 cnated Pope of En»»land waa a reUntleaa 
 monater. Rome, if her voice bad been 
 liatened to at Greenwich, tvould have 
 interceded on bthalf of tha innovatorai 
 and riaher, who wept while paaaing the 
 ■entance of exeommunieation on a Lutharan, 
 
 (a) Bumat. 
 h lb. 
 {•S lb. 
 
 w>tild hare aougbt aa inwarviaw arUSi IIm 
 king, ani! have praveniad it««»r aaeca- 
 ti(m.(*) Removed from the Tower, whara 
 ba had bug been tiumuiibing, Fnth 
 appeand Ufu«« aa McUi^aatiCal ifibunal, 
 pra*iii«d over by Cwnma*. and oompoaed 
 of the Hikhope of I^ndo" and Winr heater. 
 tha Dukaof Norfolk, the Lord Chu tcallor. 
 and the Karl of Wiluhire. TIta oourt 
 aaked the priionar what waa hia opinion 
 on the Buchariet and on Purgatory, frith 
 replied, that aa tranaubatantlation w^ not 
 uught in Holy Writ, ba could not admit 
 tha naceaaity of believing that dogma twder 
 pain of damnation, and ha adduced, in 
 •upport of hia opinion, aavaral garbled 
 pMeagaa from St. Augnatine and Ht. 
 Cbrytoatome. Aa to purgatory, he i^Jaet** 
 every kind of expiation beyond tha 
 grave.(*) 
 
 The iwimate, who anterUined the aan»* 
 ideaa aa Frith on the Euohariat and on 
 Purgatory, wiahed him to retract, but he 
 remained inflexible. "Judge me." aaid he 
 to hia judgoa. who threatened bim with 
 death I "bat Judge ma eonacieutioualy." 
 Stokaaley. Biahop of London, on giving 
 him up to the aaonlar power, thoa eipraaaed 
 himadlfi "We moet eat neatly deana, 
 through tiie anfferinga of Jaene Chfiat. 
 that the pnnlahment which- u about to ba 
 inflicitad on you ahould ba neither too 
 ■«vere nor too lenient, that it may oontri- 
 bute to the aalvation of your eoul by the 
 deetroetion of your body j and that it muy 
 be a aalutary leaaori unto heretlca, the cauae 
 of their oonveiaion, and may aarve to 
 unite in one bond of unity the membrra 
 of ttie Calholie Churoh."(') Whet an act 
 of mockery, aa Burnet obeervei, both w 
 Ood and man, to condemn a poor creature 
 to the Make, and to protoat, through tha 
 ■olfbringa of Jeaua Chriat, that they did 
 I not w)ah the pnniahment to be too aererti 
 Stokaaley, at leaet, believed in doffmae. 
 the rejectton of which waa puniahable by 
 the civil law. But what are we to tbinh 
 
 (4) Being on one occasion obliged to e» 
 oommonlcaUa I.iUberen. he la taid to have 
 melted into tear* in pruaouaoing eentenee.— 
 FoUer'a Worthlaa. 
 
 (a) Oranmer'e I/ettct to Hawkiaa. 
 AKhslogia XXVII.. U. 
 
 \f) Bniaat. 
 
lht m inwwvUiw wiiSi tW 
 
 pr«v*ai*<i itMtr «Mca- 
 
 id frooi »h« Towtr. wl>«r« 
 
 bMNk tiumuMbknf, Frtkk 
 
 CmnoMf. and ooaip<M«d 
 l^niioa Md Winr hatter, 
 folk, Dm Lord Chu tc«Uor, 
 r WUtohlr*. Tit* oourl 
 tar what wm hla o|tinloii 
 and on Hurfatory. f riih 
 raoaubaiantiatioB w«tt not 
 HTrll, ba could not admit 
 •liatrinn thai da(nia undar 
 «>n. and ha adducad, in 
 optnlon, aavaral garblad 
 8t. AufMtlna and Ht. 
 a to purgatory, ha rajaetad 
 aspiation bayond tha 
 
 rho antArtaincd tha aaoM 
 m tha Euokariat and on 
 id hini to ratract, but ha 
 Ilia. «'Jttdcama."aaidha 
 who thraatanad him with 
 idga ma conaciautioualy." 
 op of London, on uirioft 
 mlar powar, thna aipraaaad 
 moat aa> naatly daaira, 
 ffitriBRa of Jtaoa Chriat, 
 nant which- u ab<mt to ba 
 u thould ba ucithar too 
 mient, that it may oontri- 
 ailon of your tout by tha 
 rour body t and thai it may 
 wn unto haratica, the cauao 
 rnion, and may aarve to 
 >iid of unity tha roambrra 
 
 Church.'X') What an act 
 I Bumal obaerve*, both to 
 o eondamn a poor craatura 
 td to protcwt, throuKh tba 
 8»ua Cbriat, that thay did 
 iniabmant to ba too aercrti 
 laaat. balieved in doffmai, 
 r which waa puniahabia by 
 
 Bat what ara wa to think 
 
 ona occasion obligad to •■■ 
 i.uthwraa, "no la taid to ha»* 
 w in pronouacing Mntanoa>'— * 
 
 'a* Utter to Hawkiaa. 
 yiu U. 
 
 utn w nnriT vm. 
 
 8I» 
 
 
 
 Oi 
 
 of rranmar, who 'lallrwa oi*t to the taralar 
 ptiwar 0^ London, aa guiity of bla«phtmy,'*) 
 a thao^han wllh whuaa opiniona b« Itelly 
 coin<ri<l«4l, and who, aomawliat l.itar, durinf 
 hia ooniruvwray with (tardinsr un iha 
 Kuchariit. aokuowl«(lg*d himaalf tlal ha 
 had dcrlrad hie moat labtla argunania 
 ajtainai tramaubatanliation fin>m (ha «rH»!-'>f{i 
 of tha vary man whom ha had >wad«mnad 
 as ah()r«iio'(*>) 
 
 Hawit, a tailor by trtda, and a Mcrat 
 diwipU of FMth, waa batraycd hy tha ipiaa 
 of tha Biahop of London, ani. Ilka hia 
 inAttar. raAiaad t<i acknowladffo tha lUal 
 Preacnoa. Thay wara both burnt) and 
 •uch waa tht official fiiry of tlu*«c who 
 itylcd thamaalraa priMta acrorilinic to 
 ilenry'a ffood plaaanra, that Dr. Cook, a 
 London ciargyroan, and on* of thoaa apot* 
 tatr* who had aworn to acknowlcdxa tha 
 (piritual aupramaoy of tha klnn, urgad tha 
 populaoa to traal tha two haratie* lika doga. 
 by rafuaing to pray for them in any way.(*) 
 At the very time that Cranmcr, in hi* •:•! 
 to plaaae hia rojral nMiaf«r, delivered up 
 to tha aaeular ana Frith,, Hawii,(<l} and 
 the Anabaptiata who rafiiaei! to ratnust, ha 
 wrote to Vadianua, rcqueatinK him to ob- 
 Mtrve a pntdent tileiire on tha Rr«l Preaenoa, 
 becaoaa a public oontroToray ou that aub- 
 jcct might militate agalnat tha triumph of 
 th* go*pel.(*) In hia private inlerviawa 
 with hia master, in hia epiaeopal chair at 
 hi* palace of Canterbury, at court, and 
 Id poblie, Cranmcr aimula t e d the faith of 
 a neophyte to all the dociiince of the 
 Catholic Chnrch. He beliered in the Seal 
 Preaenca. and to atteet hia faith therein, he 
 condemna Frith to be burnt ; be baUerad 
 
 (■) WhoaeopiahmwaaMaolablymnmeoaa, 
 that wa oould not dUpalch him, t>it ; ware fain 
 to leara him lo tk* det*nninati< n of hie ordi- 
 nftiy. who ietke Bishopof Lundon.— Craamer'* 
 LeUer, 16th of June, liVa^.—Aroheriupia. 
 
 (k) Oranmer aeknowMged, when he wrote 
 against tnnsubsCaatiation in raply lu Oardiner, 
 that k* had recoivd great light from ihmn, and 
 dr«w moat of his argnmanli out of th*m.~ 
 Vodd. 
 
 («) D. Cook, a London rector, desired the 
 p«opla not to pray for tke (ulferara any mora 
 than for dofi.— Hall. 
 
 (•>) Ohmmar, whoaa flrat fiMlfain were flrom 
 the andjant atock, participated in Fritk'e eon- 
 dauuatiiMi. — Turu«r. 
 
 (•) Suype, App. Anno lfta7. 
 
 In pur«atory, and l*at sny on* ihnnlil douht 
 hi* b«li*f. h* delivered up lltwtt, the 
 tailor, to th* *ie<niilon*r I he believed In 
 all the dogma* ol the Church, eirept the 
 ■upr«iiHM!|' of th* ¥i>\m, mail snuw*!! hi* 
 ortho'loiy hy cnndamning lo th« itek* and 
 the prl*4in all Ihoee who had tha audacity 
 to rejc<t any of the artldee of tradition. 
 We ahall aoKin see him, a few raliiutee after 
 ariaing from hi* h*d on which h* had il*pt 
 with U*iand*r'* fi*io*, whom he had 
 brott(;Hl OT*r from Nuremberg, attaching 
 hia aignatore to a formulary making tha 
 celibacy of lb* clarity e law of th* Und. 
 
 But of all the lUforinar* cond«i»ncd to 
 
 th* Slake, none eaoited a mora lively 
 
 intereal than the London achoolmaater, 
 
 known under the twofold name of Lambert 
 
 and NiehoUon. Ha had received holy 
 
 order*, and waa •*teem«d in hi« neighbour* 
 
 hood ae a great theologian { ha dtilghted 
 
 in eontruverey, and would dia;>u(e with any 
 
 "iie that would listen to him, but waa, 
 
 howovar, more loqua< oue than learned, 
 
 and had more vanity than wisdom. Under 
 
 Warfaam, Aicbbiebop of Canterbury, 
 
 Lambert had been iropriao ned for herety, (t) 
 
 but he wae released on the death of that 
 
 prelate, began to preach again, and waa 
 
 paitioularly violent againat tha Real Pm- 
 
 eanca. One day, he had the impudence to 
 
 thmet into the hand* of Dr. Taylor, who 
 
 w-u couiidered favourable to the new doe- 
 
 trinee, certain lucubrations againat tha 
 
 Catholic dogma. Taylur lost no time in 
 
 aubmitting them to Dr. Bamee, who awA 
 
 adopted on tha Eucharist the view* of 
 
 iEcolaupadjus, and Barnee iminediately 
 
 tnnemitted them to Cranmer, who, himaelf 
 
 a married pricet, oould not have any vary 
 
 Uvely faith in the saouler teaching of the 
 
 Church. CraBm<7r, apprahenaive that he 
 
 would be denoooced if he did not protckt 
 
 againat th# aohooln.aster'a views, aom- 
 
 monad him forthwith before an eeoleaiaa. 
 
 tieal tribunai, and reprimanded him very 
 
 scvtrriy. On leaving the court, LamlMrt 
 
 exclaimed that ae appealed to the king.(«) 
 
 Thie appeal waa highly flatteriaig to tha 
 
 theologiooi vanity of the piiace, u ho ac- 
 
 (f) Hume.— Liagard. 
 
 Qodwia, 
 
 i tmi mi w 
 
 milWimaBiawiiMmia 
 
 tOkM-MW^' 
 
Lim Of ■Mftt Vtll 
 
 lit. 
 
 'i . 
 
 c«p««fi IIm Mhoolmtittnt't rH«UMi««. m4 
 InvlMid all hi* rourt i« U piM^nl tl »h« 
 «li«ok«ffi<«l l«Mm«m««>i. tka Mf^oiiwuatiu 
 uf wktoh b« htmMU ■U|MirtnUa<l*il. At 
 th« •iukJiiUcI hour h« mad* hi« kppaaraoM. 
 dr«M««l In whiu M<tn. m aii iha iky of hit 
 in»nU|t« wtik Ann* B«l«rn. A oMKniA- 
 ornl lli»"ii« »•• traflltd kn W««»inim»«r 
 Mall I «Mi hit riffhl w«r« M«tMl tk« bitkop*. 
 m»^Utr«««, md kwytrt i on ki« \»ti tka 
 l.»f<l« umiionl. th« minUura d Um crowa, 
 •nd ih* oflktw o* ih* rojr»l k«ww«bo»d.(«) 
 111* popttkc*, wko kMl lM»n mvktod to lk« 
 fofil eualroTdnr. ocwpM • MOroidind. 
 wh«nc« tk«7 could m* tk« mlnutM* M*n«t 
 of th« df«im«. W« may •••iljr lm»«'«» ••»• 
 lnl«rM« (h«» p<H)r l«houimg ra«« wo«ld iak« 
 in ikU conUiti tkvy wtra now about to 
 MM It dMkM whMhw ih«y w«n to adkan 
 to or nnoanca ih» «ncl«nt faitk of Dunatan, 
 Aualin. Anaaltn, and ail tha a|io.tlaa u( tho 
 AB(|lo-8a«on Church, lo a<li>|it »ha opinioa 
 of tha vUlaiia taho<>lma»tvf. But tkay 
 moat kava fait hdly aonadaat of tka laault 
 on baholding tha aountananoa o# tba royal 
 eoalbMan^ and tha farociona look ikat ba 
 oaa« upon tha anft»rtun«ta pviaoMr, kia 
 Mtaflonial.(^) 
 
 Tha prooaadlnfa wara optnwl by tba 
 Bialtop of Cbiabaaur. who took oecaalon, 
 frooi tba appaal of LMibart to tha kinif. 
 M baM) of tha Church oi KnKland. to corr««t 
 bofora tba audianoa cartain raporU that 
 wara In oirculaaon affalnat bla n^iaaty'a 
 ortbodusy. It waa felaa that tba Uoff 
 aoiartainad tha allgbtaat ptmtkmt for tba 
 Oanaaa laaovatloiia. Hanry bad bapi^y 
 ahakaa off tha odioua and tyraaBkal yoka 
 of tha Popa, axpallad flroai tba ialiffioiM 
 biraa tba monkbh drunaa who weia 
 davoiuinff tba bonay of tba Lord, and 
 daatroyad thoaa baaaUof iaeontinanea and 
 fanatkiaa i but ba bad navar aaaadad froa 
 tba faith ol bla pradacaaaora, ■«> fwoi *ba 
 C^aroh. bla holy motbar, naiihar would h« 
 tolarala any tnaovMiana in bar doctrina. 
 Ha bad ooma to thia aaaambly for tba aola 
 purpoaa of ooariMiaii Uaabart. and of 
 ooavartiaii bin to ttta troth, aa bU m^qr 
 
 1*1 Tbt'um'a look, kU ciual coontananca. 
 •nd hi» bent to aararity «»id not a Ultla auguaat 
 ibe iura* of Lambait. — V^ 
 
 wm appoaad to vlolant maaauraai and aa 
 a prool of hi* eUoMnoy. ka had aMambUd 
 l4iN«tk«r tha moat laaf«»d para*a««|aa ka 
 til* kiiiMdom f.»f tha ^^vam «f brinftafl 
 ba<4 tb« atrajMl ahaap «> tha iuiA, •••d uj 
 eanaiaclac btm by iba Itraataiibia (orca of 
 thair arRHiaanta. But akould Lambart 
 raaiat and paraarara la bla arror. tba hiac 
 would lat It ba naaa what an obatinata 
 haratio ha«l to •«ii«ot ffum hu Juat Mvarilf i 
 and tha magittraua of hia klnH<toia ahould 
 iMrn how tbay wata to daai with aaotariana 
 rabailinii a(|atnat tha authority of tha 
 Cliurrh. Ilaoty than aroaa. and Uwklod 
 atarnly at tba priaoiiar, aaid i " What (a thy 
 nan* I" Tha ptiaoaar, ihrowlni bliaaalf 
 on bla knaaa. lapllad. " My raal nana ia 
 Ntflbolaon. but I am alao oalUd Lambari" 
 " Ah I" wpUad tha kuin. " thou baat two 
 namaa than i but doat thou know ih«t *iib 
 thy two naoMa 1 woaOd not truat tbaa 
 though thou wart my hrothar.C) Anawar 
 ma a quaalion raapactlnff tba Kucbatiali 
 Doat thou or doat thou not baliava that 
 Chriat la oorpotaUy praaaot ia tba aaofa* 
 mtntr "lraplywlih8t.Aaguatlna.UiM 
 Chrlal to pr aaaa t tharala, aa It woru. cor- 
 porally." " Wa bara aothlnn to do with 
 St. Auguatina nor any othar Fatbari I a«h 
 UMa wbatbar thua baUa-raat or dantoat tha 
 pr«Mnoa of tba body of Cbrlat In tha 
 8a«raniant of tba Altar."(<) " 1 «I««y It." 
 rapllad Lt«haat. boldly i "tba body ol 
 Cbrlat oaaMt ba both In haavan and oa 
 •arth at tha aana tloM. But thaaa wotdt t 
 •Tbla la «y body, eandana thaa.*" Tha 
 hiag thaa raetnaad bla aaat. aad mada • 
 ^n to GiaMwr ta laply to tha prlaunar^ 
 aripinMn*. 
 
 " Brother Lambart." aald tba arobblahop, 
 •' I And notbiaff lo Holy Writ to biduca ma 
 to baliava that Chriat aaanot ba praaaat la 
 two plicaa at tba aaoia «im. On tba a»o- 
 trary, ChriU waa In haatan whan ha wai 
 Maa by St. t>aiil oa hto way to Oamaaeua. 
 (Acta Ix.. 4.) If ba can ba praaaat la l»a 
 pUuwa at tha aama tina, why not in thrtt 
 or four»"C») "P««don ma," rapliad lh« 
 
 (O What, laid tha ktoff. bava yw i-" 
 numLf I would not twat you baxhif v"" 
 aaoiaa. alibouth ya« wara my biethar.— riti> 
 
 (d) Todd. 
 
 MHima i 
 
 /4, T 
 
vioUol mauurMi %nA M 
 IcMtnoy. kM hwl MMmbiaJ 
 
 « ih« iMtryo** uf bringing 
 i (hMii to tM iokk ■•"J u' 
 ^ iIm wrt«Mitbl« («>n« of 
 1. Bui thuuldi Lambert 
 iTw« U tiia Mrar, lh4 iDBg 
 • •«•• «h«l •■) ob*Un«u 
 I (Mot frum bit Jual Mvartljr i 
 •Ut ol hi* kliiH'lum •htiuld 
 WW* to 4mJ with •MtarUM 
 lit Um Bulkori^ ol Um 
 J ikM *n>M. M«l looking 
 
 rUuiMT, Mta I "Wh«n«u»r 
 
 |iri«oMr. throwing blisMlf 
 rtplUKli "Mr rMlnAOMl* 
 
 1 >n bIm onlUd Umbwri" 
 
 th« king. " thou hMl iwo 
 tt doM ihww know ib«( with 
 m 1 would B*t triul iha* 
 «r« my Woihw.C) Anawvr 
 
 fMp«aiag ib« KuchuUti 
 doat Ihwu not b«lMV« thai 
 lordlr (iTMMk la Um «Mr»- 
 i|>l7 wkh St. AiigttMiinai, thai 
 ml tharaka, ■• U want, cor- 
 '• hav* aalklng to 4o wllk 
 nor any olhar Palhari I atk 
 iluM baUavaat or daniaat lb* 
 ba body of Chrial In iha 
 Um Altar."(<) " 1 dany U," 
 •t. boldly I "Iba body ol 
 
 ba botb in haavan and oa 
 MM linM. BttI Ibaaa wofda i 
 lody. eondanathM.'" Tha 
 nuaad kia aaal. aad mada • 
 tar to npty to Iba priaonaf^ 
 
 MBbait," said Iba arohblahop, 
 •d b Holy Writ to Imkica ma 
 I Chrial aaanol ba praaaol ia 
 tba aama «Um. On tb* oi>b- 
 vaa in haatan wbao ba «m 
 Mil oa bia WAf to Oamaaea^ 
 
 If ha can ba praaasl ia l«o 
 I aaaia Una, why not in thrtt 
 
 " Pafdon ma," rapltad tba 
 
 laid tba ktac, hara yoo t«o 
 mid not tnat you bavhM two 
 |b y*« wara my bietkar.-<-ri>)u 
 
 un or nnaT ntt. 
 
 •If 
 
 'i«*--«*»ypa» 
 
 «h*il«aatar. 'Ml la ■*« Miid In Maly Wni 
 that Cbrut ahuwad blmaair to I'awl on iba 
 way (o DanMaaiM. What do you t«ad In iba 
 AoU at ikn A|».«iUa f * At mid-day, O 
 king. I taw in tha way a llghl friwi haavan. 
 •bova tba brtgbtnaaa i»( Iba aun. ablntng 
 •boui ma and Iboaa tlial »«ra la oumpany 
 viik ma. And wban wc arar* all fatlan 
 down to tba gr<Hiad, I haard a vok-a nmnk- 
 ing to ma In tba llabraw longuai HmiI. 
 Saul, wby paraaautaal tboai aM I ll ia baid 
 for tbaa lu kUik againai tba guaii. And I 
 1*1.1 1 Wbo art thou, Lord ) Aud Iba U>rd 
 •nawarad i 1 am Jaaaa wboai th«iu paraa- 
 •ttMal. Bui rlaa up. and aland upon ihy 
 feat : for to tbka and bara I appaarad Mato 
 UMa. . . ."• •" Wall." Intarmplad Cranmar, 
 " • I bava appaarail untu tliaa* i'aal rnual 
 UiarafMa bava aaan Cbrial oa aartb." 
 " Will your Qraea allow ma to eontlnua Iba 
 <)uaialioa I ' To Ihka «nd baa* 1 appaarad 
 (o ibM ibat I Mwy maka tbaa a miaiator 
 and a wHaaaa at ibaaa Uiinga which tboo 
 baat aaaa. and of Uioaa toiag* for whiob 
 1 will appaar to tba*. Datlvaring (baa 
 from tba paopta. and from tha aatioaa. 
 unUi wbkb I now aaad tbaa.' Will yonr 
 Uraoa point oat to me tha mrpotal vMion 
 manlionad ban f Cbrial cannot ba in two 
 plaoaa."(*) Oanmar atoppad, uncartaia 
 bow to raplyi and biokad at Um king with 
 an air •( ambarraaMaaat, wbila Um biahopa 
 lamainad aUaat on UMir aaato. Ia vaia iM 
 ha aaak Iwa nply thai might ooafoaad Um 
 aaerautaaurlam i aa far waa ba from being 
 able to meat Lambart'a argam«it. that ha 
 actually laprtMhiml It at a later period ia 
 bia •• Traatwa on Um Real Pi*aaa«."(^) 
 
 (») Todd.— Foa.— ittypa. 
 
 (k) AiMrtin rwm et OatboHew doetftam 
 da aacrameato oorpoita at aaagoiala Jaaa 
 Ckriati — Lieha, IWl. 
 
 " Faith bUa oi beUere vbat wa do aal leai 
 bat not to dkbaUeva what wa *«e every day. 
 what we hear, what we hold to ow haada. 
 —p. 68. 
 
 ''The Paptala maintain that Chrial ia raeeived 
 with the mouUi, and enter* with Uw bread and 
 wina I we mmH that Ha i* raeeived only by 
 the mind and aphit, aad Uwt HeeniMaby 
 f*ilh."-p. 114. ... 
 
 " One body (»naol ba ta aeeeial pUoaa at 
 the *ame lime •*— p. lHH. 
 
 It will be obMnred that theaa ar« Um arga- 
 menu aMnoad by Intagilaa aad Oootampa- 
 
 ditt« at the Marbarg Oeafereaaa. Tkmj 
 
 admirably raftttad by Lulhai. 
 
 (lardlner, pereeMng the fwlmato'e em- 
 barraaamant, roee without waiting t»t hie 
 turn 10 apeak, aad began to refiite |jMa« 
 bart'a opinion by ar^uaMnta hormwad 
 rbiedy from i.uihar'« ditcuaainn with 
 Z'lingliua (*) Nasi raiv Hatapaon, wbo, 
 lo obtain a triuin|tk over the achnulmaater, 
 bad reeourae lo ridicule and Inault \(*) aad 
 Uady, Hiokaalay, who «inil«*vinir*<t to |in>va 
 tha Raal I'reacnoa by meia|thyalcal argv- 
 wente. He ergueil thai, In natura, one 
 tMbatonce le oAan ehangad into another, 
 ahhougb the aooidenta allll remain Iha 
 aama. When water ie boiled till entirely 
 *v«|K>raled, the aquaoua aubaUnce ia 
 ehangad into an aMform aubeunce, and 
 yet the aeoldent, that ia, the bomidity, allll 
 enatiniiae to edel. To draw a oonclualon, 
 to ua« the language of tha achoola, from 
 the permanency of ereident to the change 
 •f aabatanea, wm a damonalraiion which 
 had never before been uaed in a quaation of 
 aupematural order. l*bi« argument con- 
 founded Lambert, who said nut a word la 
 reply. Whether it wa* that tha angry 
 cottntananea of tba king inUinldatad him, 
 or that ba deepairad of being able to reply 
 to Ilia argumenU of *o great a nonbar of 
 aaaailanta who ware waiting to attack him, 
 or that tha m^}aaty of bia audianea dia< 
 turbaU him, the wretched man remained 
 motiunleaa on hla aeat, without venturing 
 to rataa hie eye* or open bia lipa. The king 
 then aakad him : " What aayeet thou now, 
 nftar the initruction* of theaa learned man t 
 Art thou eatiafled 1 Will thou live or die r " 
 Lambert, wbo l<i<>krd likea lUtuaof atone, 
 then roea from hla chair, and looking al 
 tb* priae* with rooumful anxiety, aaid : " I 
 throw myaalf on yonr m^aaty'e mercy." 
 " Thou abouldat throw tbyaelf on tha maraf 
 tff Ood." " I rocommend my aoul to God," 
 replied tha priaoiMr, "and my body to th* 
 king." "The king ia no patron of haretioai 
 cbooa*] ab}araUon or death."(«) "Death,** 
 aaid Lambert, bending hie knea. Than 
 Cromwell, at a *igi» from hi* majeaty, pro- 
 nounced aentence upon Lambert, tried and 
 oonviclad of high traaaon againat God, for 
 
 (e) Fox.— Strype. 
 
 («) lias.-Cott.— aiiypa. 
 
 {•) Bumat. 
 
 mimmmitmvH-immnmmmmmmmmmmm-* 
 
'■"X 
 
 818 
 
 Mrs or uixBx viiu 
 
 If. 
 
 
 the repwKtioo of which h« wm condemned 
 to be burnt »Uve.(*) 
 
 The laat momente of the eacnraenterien 
 were heutiending. After having oon«umed 
 the leRB and thighe of the wretched crea- 
 ture, the flamea were extinguished for want 
 of fbe), and the aoldiera on guard, hfting 
 up the trunk on the point of their halberds, 
 let it fall on a bed of burning charcoal.(i>) 
 Lambert was still living, and was distinctly 
 heard to murmur : " None but Christ, 
 none but Christ." He exhibited great 
 courage at the stake, and Henrjr, who had 
 flattered himself with the hope of reclaiming 
 ■a heretic, wae consoled in his disappoint* 
 Bent by (he encomiume passed by his oour« 
 tieia on bis erudition and eloqttence.(^ 
 Gomwell, a few days after thia royal 
 encounter, thus wrote to Wyatt, the English 
 ambassador in Germany t "The king'a 
 nii\}esty presided at the disputation, prooeee, 
 and judgment of a miaeiable hei^e saera- 
 mentaiy, who was burnt the iMXh of Novem- 
 ber. It was wonderful to see bow pvineely, 
 with how excellent gravity, and inestimable 
 au^sty his highness axereisad there the 
 vary offioe of Supreme Head of the Chnrch 
 •f England) how benignly his gnoa 
 aessysd to convert the miserable man t how 
 etrong and manifest reasons his highness 
 alleged against him. I wish the princes and 
 potantatee of Christendooii (o have had a 
 meat plaoe to have seen it."('} Now it ie 
 an mdoubted Ihct, that after he had 
 addiaased a few questions to Lambert, 
 Henry nauBsad hia acat, and left hia bishops 
 to argue wi^l the eacnunentarian. 
 
 It is not for ua to reftue oar pi^ for poor 
 labourere and schoolmastere, dragged to the 
 atake for denying aoua of tlie dogmas that 
 Henry had eondeaoended to lataia in hia 
 creed, eapecially when, as in thiaeaae, (hej 
 •re rather the victims of the ■aaguinaiy 
 cafwioa of the prinoe than of dril law. it 
 - cannot (or a moment be doubted, that if the 
 king had not voluntarily seoBded from 
 Itftmei, the blood of ao many aeetariaaa 
 would not have been shed in the squaree of 
 London. The Hdy See would have inter- 
 
 (>) As an obstinate oppensat of the troth. 
 ••Clodwia. 
 
 8Fex. 
 Linnrd. , 
 WCeUier. 
 
 oeded for the oulprite, and would have 
 intervened between the victim and the 
 executioner. Clement VI L waa a relation 
 of Leo. X., who protected Reuublin against 
 the monks of Cologne, supported Erasmus 
 against his powerful adversaries, and main- 
 tainsd PomponaUus in the chair which he 
 flUed at Bologna. Paul III., a man of 
 aflboUon and feeling, would have opposed 
 Henry's auger. During Wolsey'e admi- 
 niatration, none of thoee perturbatora who 
 attempted to deetroy reUgiuua unity, eo 
 necessary to politiod unity, perished by 
 the axe t and yet the government had every 
 excuse for aoting with eeverity towarda 
 thoee spirits of disorder who were labour- 
 ing, not only to overthrow the religion of 
 the state, but to aubvert eodal order. In 
 15S0, previoue to the apoataey of the 
 dergy, there were seetaiiaas who held that 
 it waa impoaaiblafer man to fulfil the 
 Divine preeqitBt that man had had no 
 master bera on earth t that every man wu 
 a priest— seditious maxima which the 
 dergy very jnstiy condemned, bat without 
 permitting a single hair to fkll from the 
 heade of tboaa who inculcated them.(«) 
 
 In the a ix tee nth century, the "tin al 
 hereay" waa a cnna againet the atate. 
 Mora deduced the ncceeeity of putting 
 down herettca much now from the dvil 
 than the religioaa hiw4}) Eaglaad, Uka 
 all the coontriee of tha North, waa under 
 the inflneiiee of that pagan legislation, 
 p r ese rv ed by Cotielanrina after hie oonvei^ 
 aion to Gkriatianity, and which punished 
 with death any attempt against the national 
 
 (•) No man is under tke secular power. AU 
 Ohiiet's i^oiy is ours. ; Bodily labonr is com- 
 manded to aUpereone.— DkesiMi o^AcrtMiir*. 
 Tenemor eaUsnc:re , proxi^^o . sea nan Oeo| 
 every man la a prieet.— OtsiW ta ee y a CAr<f 
 tkM SMM. It iaunpossiUe for us to oonseat to 
 tke will of God. I am bound to love the 
 Turke with the very bottom ot my heart.— 
 Wiektd mwmmam.—k%. mtd. kS8,inrecistro 
 principali aidt Cent nuac^ato Waikam.— 
 gpelmaai CoooUia. 
 
 (f ) Bodkart, the historian, anotee on thfa 
 suhiect the feUowiag pes s a ge ftom the iVtk 
 Dialogue of 8ir lliomas More : " The tan of 
 tkaie ewtrsfse end myschyefoys to felow appon 
 sifck sedlys and hereeyee, wytk the pcofc taat 
 men have had in aomeooatreaetkaraf, have 
 bw eamltaynad to puaisk heissyw by teniUs 
 deih, where es dS;assce:aa0.waya kal.h«t 
 taken wytk them," -' '^ -' 
 
 i!i*)£,*.»ili!3*^\»v *. fi'*-'' 
 
Iprita, and wonld have 
 n the Tiotiro utA the 
 lent VII. wu a relation 
 oteeted Reuuhlin against 
 gne, lupported Eraamue 
 il advenariee, and main'* 
 u in the chair which he 
 Paul III., a man of 
 \g, would hare oppoeed 
 DurinfT Woltey'e admi* 
 ' thoae perturbatora who 
 troy religiutti unity, ao 
 ioid nnitjr, periihed by 
 le government had every 
 
 with eeverity towarda 
 aorder who were labour* 
 >varthrowthe religion of 
 abvert aodal order. In 
 > the apoataey of the 
 aeeUiiaaa who held that 
 ).fer man to fulfil the 
 that man had had no 
 tth t that every man waa 
 M maxima which the 
 eondemned, bat without 
 [le hair to fkll from the 
 lO iaoileated them.(«) 
 th century, the "ain of 
 mme againat the atate. 
 be nooeeaity of putting 
 oeh move from the civil 
 a hmJl}) England, !IIm 
 of tba North, waa under 
 
 tint pagan legiilationj 
 itantiao after hie oonveiw 
 ity, and whieh puniihad 
 empt againat tho national 
 
 Oder the leonlar power. AU 
 ua. Bodily labour ie com* 
 ne.— DU awM ef Scrli^tmrt. 
 re , vNmimo . aed nan Oeo} 
 mC—OUH mu t <f a Oirit^ 
 poeitMe ttr vm lo oonaeat to 
 I am bound to love the 
 inr bottom oi my heart.— 
 -Kxa ood. MBS, in reflatio 
 lat nuucupalo Waiham.— 
 
 m historian, auotee on tUi 
 iag pat e a ga ftom the iVth 
 liomaa More: "'I'ha fare of 
 myaohyefoys to fUow appoa 
 ireiyee, wyth the pcofctaat 
 aomaoontreea theref, have 
 funish heiaeyw by tertibb 
 eaqr.waya had.bM 
 
 vtwu or HBinT Tier. 
 
 8l« 
 
 ereed.(^) Intoleranoe, aa Ungard observea, 
 waa at that period the right and guarantee 
 of Christian Bocieiy.(*>) The Refonnrrs, 
 far from seeking to rescue society from the 
 effect of this principle, adopted it to its 
 fullest extent. Besa, one of the most 
 moderate theologians of the Reformation, 
 refuted with more science then charity, a 
 poor poet named Castalio, who, flying from 
 Geneva, stained by Calvin with the blood 
 of Gruet and Servetus, maintained that the 
 secular power had not reoeived firom God the 
 right of punishing heretios.(<) In England, 
 heresy had its origin in schism, and schism 
 sought to put down heresy by blood and fire. 
 CathoUciam, according to Burnet, spilt that 
 blood} Cathulioism enkindled those flames; 
 aa if tUe pontiff-king who presided over all 
 theae immolationa, had not ig before 
 repudiated the ancient faith of St. Thomaa 
 k Becket I We have already noticed the 
 miserable pnjudices by whieh Burnet ia 
 led aatray in writing hiatory. In the pre> 
 eent age we are more impartial ; and a Pro- 
 testant writer doee not heeitate to avow, 
 that theae proceedinge againat the heretioa 
 were the lutuial conseqnenoee ariaing from 
 the power with whieh Parliament had in- 
 vested Henry to the detriment of the 
 dergy.C) But neidier peraeoution nor 
 death could diminbh the seal of thoee who 
 atyled themaelvea " Free Thinkere." The 
 Aiture waa sure to be favourabb to innow 
 tora, under a king hoetila to Bobm, and a 
 queen who eneooraged the cironlatimi of 
 Tyndal'a biblea; an arehbiabop married to 
 the nieoa of a Baftmnar, and biahope who 
 had perjured thamatdvea. A degraded and 
 bmtaliMd PkrUamant, a peopla aileneed 
 and pacalyii«d( Judgea who had aigned the 
 warrant for tba death of Fiaher, counael- 
 Ipre who built thamaalTas eooiitiy maaaiona 
 
 (•) LtMsa 51'MGud. Theod. de HBretici*; 
 Icfes 5. 11, ISL 14. 10 Ood. Jsst. de Usreticis. 
 
 (b) unnid. 
 
 (•) An#^a Hist of Calvin, ;!nd Oalfin 
 Refot eiramm Uieh. Serveti.— In tlie Re- 
 former'e letter to the Onke of Somerset occurs 
 Uw f<dtowittg patiace : " They deserved to be 
 punished with the sword of vengeanee which 
 God haa pat into jronr handa." 
 
 (') Such weie eome of the proceedings 
 whJUa had preducsd the act recently passed 
 in the Periiament, by whieh the authority of 
 the clMgy ia theee mattam wu ananllad.— > 
 M8S. Tlosnaoa. 
 
 from the spoila of the monasteriee, 
 already eonveru to the Reformation. 
 Henry saw the abyss open before him, and 
 already be((sn to seek, through the Bishop 
 of Hereford, Archdeacon Heath, and Or. 
 Barnes, his ambassadors, the aid and 
 alliance of reformed Germany against the 
 Papacy. The oonfederstes, having beeoma 
 insolent in their prosperity, required, as 
 the price of their nrmed intervention, 
 that the King of England, the Defender 
 of the Faith, the fiery adversary of Luther, 
 ahould adopt their creed, and advance 
 them, partly as a present, partly ae a loan, 
 the eum of 100,000 erowns.(«) At the 
 nunc time that Heniy waa making thia 
 appeal to the heretical princca, he was pre- 
 paring a creed for his own aatiafaction, tha 
 drawing up of which wu conflded to a 
 number of theoloniana imbued with tha 
 new idaaa, and which waa laid before tha 
 Convocation by Cromwell^) 
 
 If thia new formulary of doctrine did 
 retain the belief in the Nicene and Atha- 
 naaian Creeda as essential unto salvation i 
 if it neither abolished auricular confesaion, 
 the Real I^sence, the use of imagca, nor 
 the invocation of eainta, it nevertheleee 
 reduecd the number of saoramente to three, 
 vis., Ba|itism, Penance, and tlie Holy 
 Bnoharist(v} By order of the Vicars 
 general, on tha lath of July, 1630, tha 
 articlea of doctrine were read to the people, 
 without comment, in all the churcheeof the 
 kingdom, and a royal mandate waa issued, 
 that until next Michaelmas, no clergyman 
 ahould apeak in publie, ualeaa he were 
 a bishop, or apolie in the pieeenoe of a 
 biahop, or were liceneed to teach in tha 
 oathednl at tha peril of tha biahop.(b) 
 For mote than two-montos, not a voice waa 
 
 (•) Lfaward.— Collier.— Strype. 
 
 (f) Artfclee devised by the King's High- 
 nesses M»itwiy to esUbliah Christian quietness 
 and unity among us, sad to STi^d contentiana 
 opinions; which articles be also approred by 
 the coneent and determination of the wbuw 
 clergy of this realm.— MS4. Colt. — The paper 
 is corrected by the kiua's own hand. 
 
 (t> Todd.— C( llier has (he following re- 
 mark on these articles: " That several of the 
 most shocking docttinee ik the Romish com- 
 munion were softened and exptaiaed to a mere 
 inoffoiaiTe cense, and Beverai anpeistiticaa 
 nsans discharged.— Ecd. Hist. 
 
 (a) Littgard. 
 
 ::|li 
 
 '"I 
 
 iTifltfmtHaiTltfflriigKTilWiir JlcaitillfgTlfriiaiMWMiti^aiiM^v 
 
Liva ov asKKT rnx. 
 
 
 a' 
 
 liii 
 
 4 r' 
 
 hmd ftom Mm indph. Tha pablicAtioa of 
 thk fenn«l«7, nya Todd, oMMd gnat 
 •orrow to the " RomanliU," Mid revived 
 Um hopM of tha Refonnwa. But if the 
 people wen deprived of hearing the Divine 
 Word, they could lialen to long diatribea 
 againat the primacy of the Sovereign Pon- 
 tiff, which the prieeta were obliged to repeat 
 aveiy fortnight for the ediileation and lal- 
 vatioii of the aoula of their pariahlonera. 
 
 The AngUoan Uhurch wiabed to have her 
 conflMaion of idith aa the Reformed Church 
 had obtained her* at Angabaig. Long 
 eonfiraneee took {riaea between Cranmer 
 , and Henry, the raault of wfaioh waa the 
 ptiblieMion, in 16S7, of "The godly aad 
 pioaa Inatitntion of the Chriatian Man," 
 •fterwarda called " The Diahop'a Book.'*(a) 
 The fofmulary wan aigned by tha ardi- 
 UdiopB, biahope, archdeaeona, and a graal 
 ■amber of doetoia of civil and canon law, 
 and pronounced by them to accord ** in all 
 tUnga with the very true meaning of Scrip- 
 tare." It refbeed aalvation to dl peraona, 
 whether bom or Hving, out of the pale of 
 the Cathdiie Church, denied in the moat 
 outrageous terma the anpramaey of the 
 Pope, and ineuloatad paiaiv* obedience to 
 Ijb* king. It taught that m eanaa what- 
 •vav could authoriaa the aubjeot to draw the 
 ■word against his prince j that aoverelgna 
 ■re aeeountable to God alone; and that the 
 only remedy against oppreesion is to pcmy 
 that God would change Uie heart of the des- 
 pot, and induce him to make a right uaa of 
 his unlimited power.(k) It Antber aaeerted 
 that the Churob of Rome had no right to 
 amgale to hersdf the title of CatboUot 
 that she waa no more entitled to it than aajr 
 of tbo Chrietiaa Cbaichaa of Bagkod, 
 nmoe, or Spain. 
 
 At the same time that Cranmer and the 
 Uahopa were inculcating the fight of the 
 
 i:; 
 
 Todd. 
 Lingacd. 
 
 aword aa a part of dogma, Bocer, te mi 
 eloquent apotheoeis on despotism, was 
 tsaching that authority proceeded flrom 
 God alone i that the sovereign alone, aa 
 the living repreeentatlvr of Him who is 
 seated on the high heavens, had the power 
 of deciding whether he ought to proceed 
 by Justice or oaprice, by blood or by other 
 chaatisemente j that obedience waa due to 
 the government, even though it should be 
 oppoeed to tbo deereea of Heaven, becMue 
 in that eaae, power waa only the InstrunMBt 
 of Divine Jttstiee.(*) Cranmer, paroeivlng 
 the SQcoesa that the German Reformers 
 had gained by the publication of Biblaa in 
 tbe vernacular tongne, determined that 
 England alao should possss s a Bible, in 
 wbieb every on , whether he ware or ware 
 not eompetent to understuid the Holy teit, 
 might seek out a title to his lUth. Graf- 
 ton and Whitoohureh, therefore, obtaiaad 
 the privilege of printing a f<41o edition of 
 the Bible in English. It waa publiahed 
 under the fictitious name of Thomaa Ma^ 
 thawB, and wu merely a repruduotioa of 
 Tyndal's verrioo. It was strietiy e^Joitted 
 that a copy of tbis Bible ahould be plaosd 
 in every dinrcb, at the expanae of the 
 rector uid his pariahionere, that every indi- 
 vidual might be able to read it, provided it 
 were not during the sermon or the eerviee. 
 This perodssion was afterwards extended 
 to|Mivate houses, (3rd November, iSS9). 
 with this reutrictioa only, that the king 
 warned the readers, that whenever th^ 
 met with any diffleult passage^ they sboold 
 consult the authority of leanied men, re- 
 minding them, at the aame time, that the 
 liberty wbioh he giutad them waa not 
 owing to any personal right wbich they 
 poeseeaed, but a fisvour granted "throi^h his 
 extiema goodnase and royal liberallty."(^ 
 
 (•) Oari Hacen 
 (/) WUUna'^Cc 
 
of dogmt, Bnctr, la ta 
 mU on daflpotiim, wu 
 ithority proca«d«d from 
 tha ■oTtniffB alone, aa 
 lantatlve of Hia who ii 
 b heaveni, had tha powar 
 bar ha onuht to praeaad 
 ■iea, hf blood or by other 
 lit obidianoa waa due to 
 ma though it ahoald be 
 lereaa of Heavaa, bacMae 
 t waa onljr tha InatrumaBt 
 .(*) Cranmar, paroaivlnf 
 t the Qeraaa Refiwiaera 
 B pnbUeatioii of Biblaa in 
 lODftna, datannlnad (hat 
 lonld poaa na a Bible, in 
 vhetharhe ware or ware 
 undaralaad tha Holy teit, 
 Utle to hia fkith. Ont- 
 aureh, therefore, obtaiaad 
 printing a fidio edition of 
 iglieh. It waa pvbUahed 
 08 nama of Thomaa llat- 
 merely a repruduotion of 
 , It waa atriotly enjoined 
 la Bible ahottld be plaeed 
 I, at tha axpanaa of the 
 riahionere, that ovwry indi- 
 ible to read it, provided it 
 the aemon 'or the aerriee. 
 waa aftarwarda extended 
 a, (3rd November, iS39). 
 rtion only, that the Idng 
 lera, that wfaettever thif 
 Heult paaaage, they aboold 
 lority of leartied men, ra> 
 kt the aame time, that the 
 e gnmted them waa not 
 Mraotial right whieh they 
 lavoar granted "thnn^hhii 
 la and royal libaraUty.'X^) 
 
 ari HaMB 
 
 iruuna*'''' 
 
 ■ " " I'll II IWIIiMHiliin wmWlliiWmitlHMMIII 
 
I 
 
 m 
 
 *m 
 
 il n- 
 
 
 
i . 
 
 ». 
 
 LIVE or HINRT Till. 
 
 CHAPTER XXXIX. 
 
 CARDINAL POLE. 
 
 RaoAwtd «U«mpts on iht pwrt of Rome wUL rafurd lo RaiuT.— Nobl« oonduol of PmI III.— The 
 Fof*'» propovkit for • reeouoiliktion nJMtad.— Th« •mbMty of Pole to EiuImmI Io eArat a 
 nooDeitietlon with the Holy See.— Pole"* childhood.— He etudies in Italy, and retunia lo 
 England.— Altempu made to gain liim oTer in favour of the diroroa —Scene at Whitehall . — 
 » 'Jri*^' """'* *'"•' •" *" King.— HaoaUed to England.— 8nai«e laid for him.— A nwardl 
 oBervdm liis heal.— Hia relatione and partisan* iuprituaed. — Eioontion of hi* aged mother. 
 
 ^.'JS>^*mt*'^.^>l£sA.'i4^^tSt$S&ki» 
 
 Rons bad k>n|{ entertained the hope of • 
 reconeilintioa between Henry imd the Holy 
 See i and we hare aeen what prudence waa 
 erinoed by Clement VII. in bia conteata 
 with England. Hb behaviour in the qnea> 
 tion of the divoree, beaidea being a model 
 of diplomatic akill, waa bipirad by An 
 eminently Chriatian ohatlty. FMu a quaa- 
 tioD, the a«Iution of wUbh itMd voi no# 
 embamaa a theological af udant, the Pope 
 formed one trf thoae greaS n»etapby«ical 
 problena which a* that thna tad the priH> 
 lege of exciting tho attention of the apintoal 
 world, and of engaging th4 whole force of 
 the humen mind. For nearly aiz yeara, on 
 both aidea of the Alpe^ wherarer • thfolo- 
 Kian waa to be fotmd. an attempt waa made 
 to reoonflOa t«« texCi which were ^pa- 
 reo'ly cobtndietorjri the one la Leiriticiu, 
 which prohibited the marriaga of a bradier 
 with his aiatar-ioJaw} tiw otiier fai Deolero- 
 nomy, whfch ^rnally efltomaitdad ii tllie 
 question cf iadolgaacea laren bid never 
 excited io BVely |k eoalnmny M these two 
 texts of tba Otd'lMiaaeat tn Fiance, 
 the disoR4sion wu «aiMa4 on wUh such 
 fervour in amm of the aehools. tiut the 
 disputan<a oftm hid neoona tis blowa, 
 after the nmuMr of tho hiroaa of Homer. 
 In Italy, if tnlydid not «ght, intenuinaUa 
 theoea ware written on the qnaation nadeir 
 <ii«pttte. Spdn, which had ramainad neu- 
 tral in Luther'e quarrel with Boa^ aonM. 
 bttted her oontingent of eho^rio taztf in tbe 
 nuMmmiM' diaenuion. But ^pate kjni 
 powerfbl IMWOM ftir defending thfrtwi lit 
 Dmiteronoroy. which lalfk iM# t fiiitt (m 
 
 of her own duighters) spotlees and pun. 
 By one word, Rome could have terminated 
 this discussion, b which charity and com> 
 non sense were mon than once insulted; 
 but she appears to have studied to ke«|i 
 alive a controversy which, lilce every other 
 human affair, would have died of old age. 
 At the time when the schools, for want if 
 ink or perhaps argumentii, had beeiimf 
 silent, Rome rused op a mystmons per* 
 sonage,wbc came forward with naw irnw 
 to do hattie in a contest that was In lis laai 
 agonies. While every one waa in axpecto* 
 tion, and Enfi;land, France, Italy and 
 Germany (for Luther and Malancthon, 
 Oaiander and (Eooiampadins were bteiested 
 b the solution of the problem), ware await* 
 Ing the Pope's sentonee, curiosity was and* 
 dsnly excited by tiie rstrvival of the %i>|(rd. 
 Rome was not yet ready, and wia aawpnf 
 to pronounce befora the foUowiuf qneatiok 
 had been acttied: Whether Beni7wim|| 
 rehire to give power, of attorney tspti^ 
 jjwrsoa who should, represent ^im.: V^Jift 
 six months, the printing-jmseaes of |o;MI|» 
 were employed by Henry'a coiglM«jS, «j|^ 
 bUckeaed several hundred reaiiMoif PMML 
 in attempting to ;rr«ve Ukalt tl^,K^«r 
 ^land oould Tj>i b| (^ptUed of f tif^ 
 ei^loysd by the kambleet of his »uhjeato. 
 Room knew this wdl. Why titap ,f|beao 
 kp^Mdit I^Mse fnspeI|li<l^v t^Mi «0fwri- 
 tioQs of ttw deid and the living, dieso 
 ttdays and fthmgationii, with which tiir 
 J^mr I>^ bora PO ofken rqinti|d^r 
 Bon* wiabad .to afiwd Uinry timb ^to 
 repeat t she hail MSB iacm lliia «n« prfgii 
 
 - •■-« 
 
 .■■""!?T'i'?-iisft^iii^j?'-ift*r.'4^"'^"" 
 
I 
 
 li 
 
 
 
 LIKI OF nKNRV Till. 
 
 who. IUm Haary, antangM in tha ■nana of 
 » woman, had andad in braaking hi a 
 ■huaaful chaina, and littaning to tha Toloa 
 of raMon. To tha vary laat moment, aha 
 hopad that tha prince would not, for the 
 Mko of Anna Bolayn, hia mlitraia during 
 tha laat Ava yean, quarrel with that holy 
 Church whoae righta ha had ao nobljr de- 
 fended. This waa the aforat of the policy 
 parauad by Clement Vll.t hia daUy waa 
 but n preteik for deferring tha promulga* 
 tion of a aanUnce, the awful conaaquencea 
 of which ba foroaaw betMr than any one 
 •lao. Waa ha not tha reprearntativa of 
 ■ Bin wno ia patient boMiiaa He ia atamai > 
 Having inheritod tN« 'jnganimity uf hia 
 pradaMaaor, Paul HI. hopad, like Clamant 
 VII., that Henry VHI. woul<l ultimataii, 
 npant Ha flmcied that aoma unlookad- 
 fbr oinmmataneo would enlighten tha 
 Btooaroh'a mindi tha death of Anno 
 Bolayn waa a providontial aTont, that waa 
 deatiawl parhapa. aa tha Popa for a timo 
 baUerad, to IomI Honry baok to iba truth.(a) 
 Thar* la in tha Ufa of PauI III. an epiaoda 
 vhieh wo OMDOi omit to lay befora oar 
 iwdara. Tha nawa of Anna Bolayn'a 
 danlh WM unddanly annoaneod at Roma 
 by Goorgo Oaaalio. who telatad to tha 
 8o««nigi| Pontiff tha eircnmatancca eon- 
 Motod with tha tnootion of tbo adnlteroua 
 qnoan. Lat vm not loan any dataila of thia 
 btimila ooafldonoa <a tha Pontiff with tha 
 •mbuaadOT. who hM IhithfnUy rooordod 
 tfMmt(*) 
 
 ••I bavo loBff boaonght God," anyo tha 
 faf$, " to open hia majeaty'a ayaa. It ia in- 
 ponlbla tbatHaoTan abould hnfaaboadonad 
 » priaea wbo ii andowad with ao many 
 fbtaaa, ud wbo baa rendarad ao many 
 MrrioM to tbt Obtiatian rapabUc. Hanvm 
 will awalj anUghtm hin.(<>) Now k tho 
 tlm fcr Hoary to Inlab tbo noblo woik 
 wUeb ho hM eommancad in dafiiBoa of 
 Ohriatbai^. If ho rotumta tLobooomaf 
 *• Obn^ wbo la than aiu%$i ^ilMpriaeat 
 
 ,_4oTht 
 
 U.-li88. 
 aoanaa ha U 
 waa aderaad 
 
 merita towaHa tk' 
 WDWd net 
 
 1^. XIV, Si6-Sia 
 „v, lSm mind of yon 
 ah auoh TiAttca and 
 
 (bat Baavan 
 
 It by tha jnoa .. 
 .Tit:B.XlV.,»5«i 
 
 .^H^iKii* il, hot 
 ai k-.'i »U 
 
 of Chriatandom that will be able to reaiat 
 him t With Roma aa hia ally, tha peace of 
 the world will he eeoured. I will uniu 
 with Henry, and we will Join our efforta to 
 pacify the world, for I am no friend of 
 fkction.(') nor do 1 aeek to increaee my 
 fortune, or eitend the PontiAcal domaine.C) 
 Why then ehould he be ao unjuetly dii- 
 truetful of me I Am I nut hia frlrnil t 
 DocB he no lunger remember the |tl«dK<a 
 of affectionate atUchmant which I evinced 
 towarda him in the aflkir of the divorce ; 
 anil, at a later period, in our private and 
 publio interviewe with Clement VII. ami 
 with tha Bwparor at Bologna t Let him not 
 doubt tha affeotiona of my heart ! I never 
 intended to diaobliga hia m^eaty in any 
 w^, thongh for a length of time I have 
 had no rcuon to compliment myaelf on 
 tha acta of the king towarda the Holy 
 Sea. If I beatowed tha Cbrdinal'a hat on 
 Plahar. it waa aa a mark of my affection 
 for tba king, end not aa a ohallenga or 
 threat. I waa anxioua to prooura for my 
 eollego of oardlnala men diatinguiahad for 
 their learning; and aa it ia tba euatom for 
 avary nation to ba therein rtpraeantad by a 
 oardinal, I decided upon elaeting an Kngliak 
 biahop, whoae book againat Lather had 
 obtained ao high a raputatum. I aoknow- 
 lodge that I wu daoei««di and when 
 aolicited firom all parte to avange the death 
 of Fiaher, I may parhapa have adopted 
 meaanrea that ware diaplaaaing to hia 
 mi^ty, bat I waa not aetaatad by any 
 apirit of rerange." 
 
 Gaaalio raapectfully inqnired of the Pope 
 whether Hia HoliBeaa wiabed him to inform 
 the king of theee oilBoiat commanieatioaa, 
 and Paul replied that be did not wiah any- 
 thing to be ooneealcd from HOnry. and 
 that be ehould be given to undaraland that 
 be had every thing to expect firoaa the Holy 
 8ee.(f) Gaaalio adda, in hia oflcial dia> 
 patdhi *'If yonrmaOoaty would ooneentto 
 meet tbeee oveiturea of Hia He l ia ea a, by 
 tiie aaaalleat att of oondeacendenee, either by 
 
 Isibtiaa npnbl^ 
 
 for Ikotkioa : he 
 
 (4) He wu not _, 
 dMtoed only peaoe.~>lS;l. Vit. B 
 
 sis-ais. 
 
 (•) Nor to khour oovetonaly to iaoMaae bit 
 ibrtanea, or to eatand the booadeiiaa of the 
 PeMifloate^Id. lb. 
 
 (I) OaHiiadeipeo. 
 
th«t will b« ablfl to retUt 
 na ai hit alljr, tha pcaca of 
 f>a seourad. I will uniu 
 
 we will join our affurta to 
 cl, fur I am no friend of 
 lo I aaek to incraaaa my 
 il the PontiAcal domaina.(*) 
 Id he he ao unjutily dii- 
 Am I nut hia friend t 
 (er remember the |>lcd)(aa 
 ttaohmant which 1 eriaced 
 the affkir of the divorce i 
 >eriod, in our private and 
 a with Clement VII. and 
 r at Bulogna } Let him not 
 one of my heart ! I never 
 ablige hia m^eaty in any 
 r a length of time I have 
 to compliment myaelf on 
 B king towarda the Holy 
 •wad tha cbrdinal'a hat on 
 M a mark of my affection 
 :nd not aa a challenga or 
 uudoua to procure for my 
 nala man diatinguiahed for 
 and aa it ia tba enatom for 
 be therein rtproa«Btod by a 
 lad upon eleeting an Kngllah 
 book agaiaat Lather had 
 [h a rvputation. I aoknow- 
 waa daoeivedi and when 
 U parte to aveDga the death 
 nay perhapa have adopted 
 
 wera diapleaeing to hia 
 [ waa not aetnatad by any 
 
 Ktfully ioqnirad of the Pope 
 iolinoa withed him to inform 
 eae dBoial conmnnientioaa, 
 Bd that ha did not wiah uiy- 
 loneealad from Htary. and 
 ba given to un d ate ten d that 
 king to axpoet from tba Uoiy 
 to adda, in hia ofleial di»> 
 vamaitaltf would oonaant to 
 arturea of Hia BoliiMWi by 
 t of oondeacendenca, aitbar by 
 
 not diapoeed for flwtiooa i he 
 peaoe.— MS^i. Vlt. B. XIV.. 
 
 ibour oovetonaly to iaaMaae hit 
 extend the beudaiiea of the 
 d.Ib. 
 leipao. 
 
 taw or mnr«T ▼iit. 
 
 a diapatoh or aoma other eommunioation, 
 whioli would induce the belief that you with 
 to rrnew ynur interoourte with Rome, Paul 
 would tend an accrediud nuncio tu your 
 bighnete, but not till eome time thall have 
 elapted, because he contidere that after the 
 iniuitt that you have offered to the Holy 
 8re, he connot uttempt to effect a racon- 
 cilinlinn. unlett you, on your part, maLe 
 ■oma advancrt. He would tend, on thcea 
 CQn<litiont, either littinua Juvenalia ot 
 Ajidreaa Caialio, either of whom would 
 come to Londun without any official charao* 
 ter. and limply at n-j cUrp^ d'qfairM."(t) 
 Bus all thtte expeotationt on the ptrt of 
 Puud IM. were toun to fall to ti.j j^round. 
 ir Henry had b«en led into aohitra through 
 hit immoderate love of Anne Boleyn, other 
 pattiont equally ungovernable, hit rapacity, 
 hit avarice, hie tenauality, and hit pride, 
 combined to plunge him ttill deeper into 
 the abyta. To the propoaala of Rome ha 
 replied by the epoliation of the religioua 
 houtea, tha haniabment of the monke. the 
 violation of the tombe of St. Thomaa k 
 Beoket, Anatin, and Alfred; by the breaking 
 of imaget. the ditparaion of ralica, and the 
 impriionment or death of tha Catholiea. 
 At the vary time when Caaalio waa making 
 three tender advancea to Henry on the 
 part of tb« Pope, Father Foxeat, Katharina'a 
 eonfeaaor. aecuaed of having denied tba 
 goepel by refoaing to ta.'< '^*<a oath of 
 tupr8maey,(k) waa auapendai >. v w y middle 
 of bit body, nnd burnt OT«r ^ <* wood 
 
 obta3R?4 flrom tba dattnietioa of tua rood of 
 Darweil Oatharaii, bafbra which thouaande 
 of peaaanta had waakly oflbrod np their 
 prayer8.(«) 
 
 ft) In mv jadcment, if your mi^eety would 
 make the leatt tigniAeation, by tending or 
 writing tometking to ne, from which it might 
 be collected that yon deeiied IHendeUp and 
 coi^junctioD with the Pope, he would tend a 
 BUDcio. and do aU tbhua which he could.— 
 
 M88. Vlt. B. xiv.. aiFsia 
 
 (•) The following vereea waia made npon 
 Forait 1— 
 
 Foreet tha fair. 
 That inAuBooa liar, 
 That wiUAtUy wUl ba dead 
 In hia oontnaitey. 
 The ffo^ doth deny 
 The Ui^ to ha tnpnme head. 
 —Sandara. Hall. Wood. Athaooi, Omonliwta. 
 («) Burnet. 
 
 Far from aectptingthtoonoillatory terma 
 of the Holy See, Heory again aatayed to 
 eoduoe the foreign princee into the tckitm. 
 He ventured to renew hit former pro|ioeahi 
 of a rupture with ftnme to Francit l.O 
 In 1A3S. Paul. Juetly irriuted againat a 
 prince who had attumed tha title of 
 Supreme Head of the Church, reeolved lo 
 employ Ihuee epintual armt which Henry 
 had formerly uted in hie contett with 
 Luther, Knd oontequently prepared a bnll 
 of eioommunication.(*) Before iia pro- 
 mulgation, however, three long yaara wan 
 tu cfatpee, during which ha determined to 
 leave nothing untried to induoo tha prioea 
 to retrace hia atepai but all hia efcrte won 
 in vain. Previoue to the truca of Niea. tha 
 Court of Rome ooneulted Franeia I. and 
 Charlee V. teapecting tba policy they would 
 pureua if the bull thotild ever be prontiU 
 gated, and they both replied that thay woaU 
 protaai againtt tha achitm, break off aU 
 interoouree with the ponarch who bad 
 voluntarily aecadad from tha Cbnivb, aad 
 prohibit any commercial trananetiona ba> 
 tween their eubjccta and dia Eng liah mar> 
 chante.C) But theaa two prineaa fbigo* 
 their promiaaa. Tha amparar, aftar tba 
 death of hia aunt, Katkfarine, aoogbt tha 
 alUanea of tha monarch who had rapndktad 
 ber,(t) and aant an ambaaaador to Bnghad 
 to negotiate marriagaa between Don Looia 
 of Portugal and tha PHnceee Mary, wbdn 
 hand had been eo often aolicttad and 
 gnntad i between Priaea Edward, who waa 
 Juat born, and an lafhnu of Spain not yol 
 bom; between the Princsow Baaabeth of 
 England and one of the aona of the Areb- 
 duka Fcrdinaad.(h) Could then fr m ily 
 projaoU be aceompUabad. Charlee would ■• 
 longer ban any rivaT in the old world. amU 
 tha Italian nationality would ba compktalf 
 deatroyed. Franda L. who had at lengtk 
 diaooverad that ha oonld not ainglo-haaM 
 eoQqtier Italy, aought to ambroU Heaiy !• 
 a war with Charlee V. Henry eludad th* 
 propoaition, and offered himaelf m a modi*. 
 tor between tha hoatila (riacoi, and Mr 
 
 (') Lbinnl. 
 (•) Saadeia. 
 (t) Lingard.— Iwnden. 
 .«i*^ *^^?^"*" 1«««'--Hari., MS8. lUL 
 
 •83, p. 203. .1 
 
 (i>) lb., p. aoe. 
 
 1L» 
 
uwtL Of aciniT ^nt. 
 
 v.k 
 
 I WyM WMMSI tailo 8pdB «• fn- 
 
 ftn^wujhm %i9nntak»ion.(») PrMds. 
 duriaff Um •nbMMMior's vorH*, MlioitM 
 Mary's bud far th« Dak* of OrlMni^^) 
 
 W|«a't •mbtmf vrovwl > compkw 
 f«Uiin.Md Pkul III. MwlMrtook lh« mom 
 teak la kupn of Mog nwro mcomkIoI. 
 H< aypotntad NiM m tba randnvona of 
 tlw*»o oMsaNlMi aad acoordinglj. la tha 
 •Mvtti «« Juna, IftM. that ctty waa Hraiwd 
 If Mm taaaaoo of throa crownad iNttda. 
 1W AiBf of f nnoa took up kka quartOTa 
 t iM» aMramity «f the town, and Obarlaa V. 
 
 2XM tka baifbta, Thkh coinnutad a via«r 
 , ; -, aia. wMmmiI aiihar af tkf m nUaoipt- 
 t^p.ia aibai a u»M»m «»> ^« ^^P* 
 tituptiii tk* Homnur'u pdaoa. If Paul 
 iiUadto afbet • faewMUiatinn batwcea tha 
 Mw ilTala, ha in* ao far auMaaaful. ak laaat 
 dkak hoioMahaad tkair nutoal cenaaat to a 
 r la* jMnA*) It iraa aaki at Loa. 
 ^ a «oas|dra«7 had baaa formad 
 
 _^ ( liaity at (lie«( aad a raport waa 
 
 laM iifCtilMtad, tkat Bafflaad vaa tbrM- 
 laitad wMti aa Inraiint Tha Ubr, in ordat 
 ta fWalaroHanao to thbi rMaaor, viaitad 
 MMi'^bata. TCpaitad tha oM foru wbioh 
 «Ma MIkKC taito luiaa, aad comiaanoid 
 |MpaH^(aiaal<«) fcapladaThoyraahaa 
 iw bith la Hanry'a faara, BtHbar doaa be 
 iMMda* that Ma«rUild »u la dangar. lu 
 h|« Apiaaoo, tha apprahaaaiov o7 tbia 
 Ahilrinal fanvaalM'waa a labia. artfoUy 
 iMvontad, to iudaae PufiaoMmt to vota auk- 
 itdtat Ibr tha porpoaa of flruamtlBC tha 
 «laM of tba Phpaayv lit MMlvf ihiapi^ 
 
 A .at tha int««Mite^*MflWMd tha 
 Ijkya^ Mdla, atlHea. waa Owdikal Pttla. 
 IMvirda whona thaamparoir aad tha Aaach 
 itaf vladwMiaaaho^Mria thab- danoa- 
 AhNMoaaof eoa«taqr>Midirhon llearyra- 
 Midad aa dw kBplaed>la aaaoqi of tha 
 i^idora. and aa tbc laaMRator of all tha 
 gHMUMttdaa UMt wan eoatrlTed aKainat 
 *^ motritf of Englaadi Cardiaal F«da 
 
 '(•> HaH.MB8.,p.l. 
 
 (k) 8m tba Kiof'a Uttar of tha 4th May. 
 15k-Hari.M88..64. 
 
 [•) Bavin da Thoyiaa; 
 
 U) Tha Uog'a totiar of tha lOlh Mansh, 
 
 iB::-IIail7ll88..69. 
 
 'a) Baigia da Thoyiaa. 
 
 ^ 
 
 raaka aoMng iha moat air>2«nt literary 
 charaetara of tba aiiteanth oantury i and If 
 it it ifua that, aa a wriur, ntKOtiator, and 
 ouniplrator avan, ba undartook to dethruna 
 Hanry, ii will noi ba ouuiidnrdd unworthy 
 of tha autjiiact of our hiatory if wa davnte 
 a Um paiiaa to hia numory. 
 
 Riohard de lb Pj!' : Knight of tha Qtrter. 
 0iarriad Margaret. Oiuntaaa of Salisbury, 
 tba daugbicr of Uaorga, Duka of ClMranea, 
 wbom Edward IV.. hIa brotbar, causad to 
 ba put to daath aa guilty of high traaaon.(') 
 From thia marriaga wm born Ragioald da 
 k P«>la, Of Poliia, who rsioeirad bia aduea- 
 Moo in tba Oartbuaian nonaatary of Sbtot, 
 in tha vielaity of l^ondon. which ba la(t on 
 mterlog tba Unlvaralty of Oiford.(s) 
 wbara ha had aa bia tutora linaoia and 
 LatiflMT. Hanry waa ona of bia patronai 
 aad laginald baa not omittad to rmwrd bis 
 gratltada to thia royal patron of lit(>ratnre,(k) 
 who waa, moraovar. hia aacond couain. In 
 ISM, Poia datarminad od flaiahing his 
 Bludiaa in Italy, that land whioh all thoaa 
 who took aay part in tha Htarary prograaa 
 of tha day wiabad to rUit bafnra tbair 
 daallr.. Tha atndaat, baing of royal bkwd. 
 I IWad in tha atyla of a prinoa, uid hanaa. 
 hia raaoaroaa war* aoon axhanatad. Ha 
 I appliad, thanfbra. to tha Prima Minislar, 
 Wolaay. who immadtotdy appaalad to tha 
 king in hia babalf, aad obtalaad (qr tha 
 tMraUar atodant aa aaaoal paaafam of 1000 
 aendt-O) It most ba ackaowladgad Out 
 thia waa a prinoalfallowaaoa for a atadeat. 
 WKhkaaaitaity of lOOOaeadlX^) Ptda waa 
 aoablaa to tarniah a aplaadid hoaaa, hay 
 hooka, kaapagood ratiaua of aarraata, aad 
 Un aa a nublansan. Lao X., who waa con- 
 aidarad axtraragant, was aavor ao knriah of 
 hia gold aa Pola. With a aalaiy of afaw 
 
 (<) Taraw'a Hial. of BnglaBd. 
 
 (•) BeoealalU.— Baocaulli waa a ooalaah 
 notary of Oardiaal Pola, whoaa Ufa ha wrota. 
 ft waa traaalatad into Latin by Dndlbina. 
 
 (k) Da Boolaala nniuta.--Id. 
 
 (>) Pola trarallad in company widi Wintw, 
 w)<o waa aaid to be a natural son of WoImT' 
 Tbera ia a eurioaa latter ftoai Wininr stul 
 extant, dated Padua, 7lh April, lOM, oa tka 
 diflonltiaa of tba two atadantt white ia Italy. 
 — M88. Nero. B.¥I., IIS. 
 
 (k) PolaPa letter te Henry, dated PmIus, i 
 CidoMi. May. to in tha Brit, Mna. NaM^ B. TIm 
 118. ' 
 
 
 ,iaM m i««.i«mM i«imiim m mu\0 ixanmt»m».-- 
 
be moat MPlaant literary 
 • tiitecnth MBlury ( ftnd If 
 M a wriur, n«f|otiator, and 
 I, ha undartook to dathruna 
 M b« oouaiilorad unworthy 
 f our hiatory It wa davnte 
 lia manory. 
 
 P„!' : Knight of tha Qarlar, 
 wt. (^untflaa of t^iliabury, 
 Oaorya, Duka of CiMranea, 
 IV.. hla brothar. cauaad to 
 MRutlty of liigh traaaoB.C) 
 laga waa born Ragioald da 
 I, who rsoei?ad hia aduea- 
 huaian mooaatarj' of Shtaa, 
 I I^ndon. vhlch ha laft on 
 Unlvaraitf of Oiford.(s) 
 H hia ttttora linaora and 
 J wu ona of hie patroaat 
 ■a Hot omittad to raoord hia 
 I rojral patron of Utoratnra^k) 
 iTor, hia aacond cooain. In 
 karminad oq flaiahing hia 
 , that land whloh nU thoaa 
 lart in tha lltanrjr prograaa 
 ahad to visit bafnva thair 
 ttdaat, baing of rojral bkwd, 
 yla of a prinoa, lad hanoa, 
 wan aoon axhautad. Ha 
 ora, to th* Prima Miniatar, 
 immadintaly appaalad to tha 
 ihalf, ud obtalaad Cor tiM 
 It aa unwal paaaioa of 1000 
 raat ba ackaowladgad ttwt 
 oalf tllowaiMa for a atndmt 
 Vf of 1000 aeadlX^) P«da waa 
 'oiah a apteodid honaa, bay 
 (ood ratinua of aarTanta. and 
 man. Lao X., who waa fon- 
 igant, waa oavar ao lanriah of 
 
 gla. With a aalaiy of a faw 
 
 if ■ ' 
 
 lit"* J 
 
 I Hial. of Bnglaad. 
 li.— BaocaUlU waa a ooRlaa- 
 iMi Pola, whaaa Ufa ha wroia. 
 id into Latin by Dndlhina. 
 aala nnitata.-- Id. 
 rallad in company with Wintar, 
 to ba a natural ion of WoImt. 
 rioua lattar ftoai WMitn itul 
 Padna, 7th Aprtt, IMO. o« tka 
 ha two atodama whUa in Italy- 
 B.VI., IIS. 
 
 ittar to Manry, dated Padua, 9 
 a in tha Brit. Iloa. N««,B. TI., 
 
 un or UHRT vnt. 
 
 bandrad acudi, tha profaaaora of tlM Romaa 
 gymnaaium eonaidarard tbamaaivaa Itand* 
 aoroaly rainunaratad. 
 
 Pola had, in a abort time, a palaca at 
 Padua, which bacains tha faTourita raaJes- 
 voua of tha literati of that oily. Bambo 
 rama to giva tha foraignar laaaona in Iteliani 
 l^onictno to aiplain to him Plato and 
 Ariatotla i Chriatuphar LonguauU to taaeh 
 him oratory M and Lupaat, hia oountry* 
 man, to raad with him Virgil and Horaea (<>) 
 Hii (riauda bacania anxioua to taa him. 
 Pola, tharafora. la(t hia Paduau Klyaium, 
 and, after having viaitad Roma and Floranca, 
 ratumad to England, whara Uanry and 
 Katbarioa baatowad on him OMurka of tha 
 grtatekt atucbmant i but inataad of taking 
 up hia raaidanca in tha vicinity of Qratn- 
 wich, aa tha king wiahad him to do, tha 
 Hholar ratirad to tha ailent ratreat of tha 
 Cartbuaiana at Sbina, wbara ba bad paaaad 
 bia youthful daya, in ordar that ha might 
 hava mora laiaura to puraua bia atudlaa.(*) 
 Tha harmit waa aoon viaited in hia call by 
 Cromwell, who came to inform the atudant 
 of the nmoraa that hla ma{aaty fait aince^ 
 in reading the Bible, ha hwl perceived that 
 he waa living in inceat wldi K at hari ne. 
 Ho alao rapreaantad that Pola had it in hia 
 power to tranquiliae hia eovereign'a eon- 
 loiaaoaby pmving that tho marriage of the 
 Piinco of Wake with the Infhata of Spain 
 wu an abomination in tho eight of Qod. 
 Unfortunately, Pole bad ba«i mora occupied 
 with Bambo, Longueuil, Laoniceno, Lup- 
 aat, and tho aaoaM of Padua in the atudy 
 of HooMT than in that of tho Biblo. and 
 pleaded thia.in OEcnaa for ^!a inability to 
 aaaiat hia mi^eaty. Cromwell, who oould 
 not aeoount for tho atadent'e dUBdonei^ 
 aaked him if be had road a work roeantly 
 publishod in Ita!ly.(<) and which waa wajl 
 worthy of the attendon of every aaplrant tu 
 eooit pntionago. Pole at onea. eandi4^y 
 aoknowhgod that 1^. had paver heard (^ 
 the work I but bo raeeivod it tha eame 
 evening, aat up all night in paruaing it. and 
 
 (a) Pole wrote a Ulb of Loogneoll, whieh 
 ii to be fmnd in hia. iettara. 
 
 (^) Breamva mentioaa Lupaet in hia latter 
 to Pole, dated. Ocfober .4th, 1M&— .Bee 
 
 (A) Tomer. 
 
 returned it on the following day to ft oit 
 wall, aaying. that ha ragardad it aa tho 
 work of one of the " aona of Satan i " it 
 waa Maobiavalli'e " Oa Principa." 
 
 The itudaat, wiahiag to avoid tha 41a* 
 cuaetene that he Coraaaw would ariao on 
 tha divorea quaetion, r«qu«ata<i parmiaeion 
 to viait Paria, which waa graeioualy granted 
 by Henry. Tbera, aa in England, ha wu 
 'taaieged by eolioitationa, for the kiSf 
 wiahod to engage him to oanvaae for wtoo 
 in favour of tha divorce i but ha rafUaod 
 hia co-operation. On hia ratum to England 
 ho waa eoon eub)aated to renewed temptn* 
 tione. Tha Duke of Norfolk ofluod him, 
 if ha would write in favour of tho divoreo, 
 tho aaee of York and Winahaater. Polo 
 replied, that ho valued. tha rapooa of bif 
 eonaoMnea mora than tbeea or any other 
 digniliaa. Hia brothara, and even hii 
 mother, united their entraatiea to tbooo 
 ot the oouncUlor, but nothing oould ehaho 
 the determination of the hHmaniat.(^) After 
 » long •truggle, however, Pole imagined 
 that ba had diacovarad the menno of evincing 
 hia gratitude to Henry, and of raeoneiUng 
 hie oooaoiaaco, hoi what thoeo menne wer« 
 ho never nvealed. All that ia known oa 
 thia aohjact la, that tha Duka of Nerfdk 
 oommnniottad tha eomrwaatlon which hi 
 had Juat bald with the atndent t« hio 
 mi^)eetyi who waa awaiting hia anival wiik 
 graal impatlenee in tho largO; gaUoij id 
 Whitehalk Wbilo on bio wagr t» ,lM 
 palace, Pole proparad himaeif for bUiint«>* 
 view with tlio prinoat b«l when tlM .diwri 
 of tho palneo flow open, and ho permiTod 
 tho king, with hia eonntononea , 9|di|«f 
 with joy. * oomplete ohango took fitm in 
 hia idanei at Brat hie tongue, aa if poralgmd* 
 Nfbaed ntteaftaoo, hte memory falM bjgm 
 and the rhetorical phnrao which ho hiwiiM 
 atudioualiy pr^aiod, pnaood, llko s duom. 
 from kte foooUeetko. M length kq mf 
 eovond hb tiawor of q^oeeh, bat. ovory 
 word tibat fdl teu hia lipa waa oondoof 
 Botory of th* hing'a prqiaet. In apiphm8> 
 tioo of thia intellectual phenomenon. Polo 
 had reeoentao to a atipematnral argent. 
 Ood, hi bia'oidBlon, both' tied and liatied 
 hio tovg^. , Wo may oaaily 'com^to 
 
 («) BeccateUL DwUthim. Liaga^ Tuia^. 
 
 iiawiiriainfttiiwtii.awlii'' itumm 
 
 lilltliiaW I >M>Mll llli llll l l > W I <W » >l i a < I I I III IW. I «f lli- 
 
ura or mrrrt tiii. 
 
 V>*"ir/i MBMcnMnt ^ toaMitmra. duriB^f 
 i« IbUntvUm, h« woiitd CM* M M|n7 
 RUaet •! iba orMor, •! otbw« h« woutd 
 ■raHar mnm moiKMyllAbi* < Mli. w jptaM 
 hM buid oa bM •«ortl.(*) foU hh th« 
 I •Urti n«Hb«r wtm his Moap* Atraco- 
 BotMt would bar* un b«Uave. 
 Thft bktnrVifi r«*«" « Pola'i MvrtUrt, on th« 
 Mki^y u(| NiuttBtk i Htmrf. Mcordtnc to 
 hlai, would MirtT b«*« tllowml a nitn who 
 had ioaultad htm toawap* (ram hit cabinet, 
 and mueh laaa frous hta kinf dom i but 
 Hurnat forKata that mainanlmUy ta ■oma' 
 Umaa iba raault of ealoulatioB. Hanry, bf 
 panwbiaii Pok for hi* umniif, would 
 bara InMrrad tba diaploaaura of tha Holf 
 §m, at whom aid ha atiU at<M>d in naad. 
 Ha would alao biatra oflindad Cbarlaa V. 
 Md Prancia I., who might hava invilad 
 Rafinald to bacoma th^r ipMat i tha unU 
 vanitiaa, wbioh wara Juatljr proud uf hlin i 
 Bntamua, who wroU him aAioUonata lattarai 
 Md all tha fo<raiKn and national litarati, 
 who wara acqualntad with hia ability. Oo 
 laavinff London, Pola wroto to tha kinR a 
 taliar of apoloyj, and Hanry thua addraaaad 
 hh brothar, Lord If untaKua. who had ooom 
 to oonrt to ap<>kH(iaa for Rfginald'a eonduot t 
 ** I cannot, tnj lord, ba oilMded with your 
 brothar," raad tbia lattar. "I am vary 
 much attaehad to your brothar, in iii. ^ of 
 his obatinacy, and if ha did bul agraa with 
 ■a OB tha quaation oi the dirorea, I aasuro 
 yo« thara i« not a man in my kingdom 
 whja I aho J mora aataam."(i*) Hanry 
 kapt tba latter, whkh ba nevar ahowad to 
 say oas but Cranaar. and in thit ha was 
 parib«tlr right, for, in tb«t pr«lata'a opinion, 
 it waa written with aaeh force of logic and 
 aloqaattaa, (hat it would have eaotlvated 
 Ik* public mind, had the Privy Cooneil 
 Witvrad to publish it.(*) 
 
 On Pole's return to Italy, tba land of 
 his pradilection, he ipoke every where in 
 thabighaat tarroa of Hanry'a kindness to 
 bin), and was beliavsd by all when be re- 
 lated the scans of the sword, and showed 
 
 (•) BeeoatallL The circumatanoaiareUtad 
 in a letter from Pola to Edward VI., and pub- 
 IMwd by Sehatkom. 
 
 (k) PuiuK, pro Ucclasin iKiiUtlis d«fensione. 
 Apol., ad Angl.Paflam.BpMUil.— Bp.atI Edw. 
 
 " (*> tttypa's Crtamsr. 
 
 the folden anfsla wMJeh he rvMlvail ragn- 
 larly avary month from hit h»ii»ti) m coualn 
 Who knows how many aignaluras tha hitle 
 piao* of thaalrieal mlmiery at Whitehall 
 obtoined fur Henry r Pole's fHenda, and 
 ooeaaionall)- fallow-trartlleni, ware 'iVafont, 
 (iahriela, Maroo Antonio of O«noa. t^am- 
 pridio of Craiiiena, Laaaro of Uaaaano, 
 Osno, Bishop of Fano,. Sadoleta, Bambo.(*) 
 and Vida,(*) all of whom wara aura to pta49e 
 Implicit faith in tha viHuaa which tha titi- 
 lient attributtd to hia roytd Macen ^. 
 Pola'a illusion lasted a eonaidarsbls time i 
 hut when hs saw ths king bestowing the 
 title of Chancallor of tba Eschaquar on 
 Uroniwall, " one of the sona uf Halam" 
 the Ar' hhiahoprie on ('ranmer, a marrisd 
 pricat I the Privy Baals on Audlay. already 
 condemnad in tha eetimation of the public i 
 a hiahopric on I /■«, tha creature nf the Earl 
 of Wiltahire, the father of Anna BoWyn, 
 and aoon after aaauming tha title of 
 Supreme Head of tha Church, ha then 
 acknowledged that he had been a puppet 
 in the hand* of tha prince, and propbeaiad 
 the spproaobiDg fall of the Church of 
 England. 
 
 In 1S34, an act of Parliament was passed 
 making the tpiritual eupremaoy of the 
 sovareig'i a dogma of faith, nnd a law of 
 tha land.(') The aohiim with Rome was 
 now complete, and Cardioer and Bampeon, 
 tbeologiana in the service of the crown, 
 oompoeed two trcatisea in defence of tba 
 supremacy of their maater.C) who imoM- 
 diately forwarded them to Reginald, who 
 happenwi to be at Venice. They were two 
 wretched productions, the [>eriisal of which 
 eioitcd a amile of pity un the counteni) ce 
 of the Mudent, who for lorae time, ■ni 
 been studying theology in the works of 
 Thomas Aquln'is and Sadoleti. Pule closed 
 the books, and oontinued \\i« morning 
 stroll along tbe hanks of the L <lo, reciting 
 soma of tha strophes of Ariato. Henry 
 
 (') Bembo. in ci> letter dated July, 1 528, 
 ^>eaka of a voyage that h« %ook in company 
 with Pole. And on another occaaioii, apeaaing 
 of Keyinald, he aayai "a rematkably good, 
 learned, and wise man." 
 
 (•) t>aduleii, in I&33, aent him bis treatiss 
 •• Da libvria inatituindii." 
 
 (f ) Staintpf uf tbe Uealmi 
 
 df) Stiype's Ecclea. Mem. 
 
 J. 
 
I m^Uk h« r«iMtv«(l rtffn- 
 k Inm hit Kvnoroj* eouain 
 
 mMj tlgnatur** tb« ItttU 
 ral Biiiiiory •! Whiuhkll 
 inrjf PnU't fHtnda, and 
 iw-(ravtll*ri, w«r«'IV«fona, 
 
 Antonkii of Onoa. t^am- 
 «na, Laiaro of UaMwno, 
 Pano,. Badolcia, B«mbo.(') 
 >f MPhoin war* aura t« ptaoa 
 tha vkrtiM* Mrhicb tha •t^i- 
 
 to hia royal Macvn ^. 
 «tad a eontidcrabia time i 
 tv tha kii»K baatowing tha 
 lor of tiM Exehaquar on 
 ■ of tba aona of Hatam" 
 ic OB <'rsnm«f, a marriad 
 f Saala on Audlty. alraady 
 M aatlmallon of tha puUlio » 
 «■«, tba cTMtura ot tha Earl 
 m faihar of Anna Bnleyn, 
 r aaaumlng tha tItU of 
 
 of tha Church, h« than 
 hat b« had b«an a pnppat 
 tba prinra, and prophaaiad 
 I fall of tha Church of 
 
 (it of Parlitmant wu pMtad 
 piritual aupremaoy of tha 
 Kma of faith, wid a Uw of 
 ie aohiim with Rohm wm 
 ind Cardioer and Sanpaon, 
 tha aarvice uf tha crown, 
 trcatiaea in defanoa of tha 
 iheir maater.C) who imma- 
 ad them to R/ginald. who 
 at Venic*. They ware two 
 ctiona, the |>«rii»al of which 
 of pity un the eountenii ce 
 , who for loina tine, ii 
 
 theolofty in the woriia of 
 :s and Saduleti. Pule eloaad 
 d oontinned hm morning 
 
 hanlts of the I lo, reciting 
 irophea of Ariato. Henry 
 
 in a letter dated July, 1538, 
 
 i(e that h« took in company 
 
 I on ■iiother occaaioii, apeaking 
 
 I tayai "a rematkably good, 
 
 le man." 
 
 in 1533, aent him hIa treatiaa 
 
 Uu<-nill4." 
 
 if the Uealmi 
 
 EEcdea. Mam. 
 
 urn n ■■»«¥ in. 
 
 bad tba cruelty to diatarb him In thia 
 l>oetic retreat. Kiark*)" wan oflloially com- 
 miaeinaa<l to aacerUin Pula'e opuiiun of 
 thia new royally that lle««ry arrogaiati to 
 blmeelf.(«) Pole completely «or«ot Staf key'e 
 UtUr, till the latter, bec«MtinK impatient, 
 tranamitted to him an order in Hanry'e 
 name, to wnU openly and without fear or 
 reeerve on the queauon of tha aupremaoy. 
 For aeveral month*, Pole refuaad to wnM, 
 but waa at length obliged to obey the roya| 
 mandate. It wae naeeeaary for him at that 
 period to proceed with the greateet caution, 
 for Mora, Piahar, and tha Carthoaiana had 
 tbortly before eiplrad on the eoaffuld, for 
 having refuaed to acknowledge to the 
 aupreroaoy of the Pope of Greenwich. 
 
 It waa, therafora, in face of the gibbet 
 and the atake, with which England waa at 
 that ttma covered, that Pole wroU to the 
 king in language, the impaaei<Mind tone of 
 which baa often been eena«:*ad. P'ile, 
 howavar, never atlamptad to apolofeiv; for 
 tha riolenee of hia langtiaf* i hia tattc. , 
 compoaad under the Inflnanflo of tha glow- 
 ing heat of a Venetian aun, la aicpraeaed In 
 rapturoua teraa i bat ha boldly cballengee 
 hia enemicB to quota a al.^gla paaaaga in 
 which ha falaiflee facte, and laona have yH 
 been found to call in quaation tha veracity 
 of tba writer. Thia letter, entirely confi- 
 dential, waa not Intended to come before 
 the public, and waa not publiahed till afUr 
 Henry'e death.C) Whllo reading it, Henry 
 did not betray the iMMt aign of eniotion or 
 anger i but ha found certain pasaagea eo 
 obaouro that ha would have wiahed hia 
 eouain to come and eiplain them to him in 
 pntprid pertonm. Pole, however, reluaed 
 the invitation, bcingf apprehenaive that tha 
 aword which the prince had refrained from 
 drawing againat him at Whitehall, might 
 thia tiiiM bo brotight into action, and that 
 Parliament might ba called upon to explain 
 the amhiguoua paaaagea in hia letter. 
 
 The Pope and tha Emperor were anxioua 
 to reward the writer, who had aacrifload hie 
 fortune and Us futara proepaota for the 
 
 (•) Hispleaaure waa— that yon should da- 
 dare your aentence, truly and plainly, without 
 color.orcloka of dieaimulKtion, which hia Grace 
 peculiarly abhora.— MHi Cleop. B. VI., 354. 
 
 k) Under tha Utia of " Pro BodaeiasUea 
 
 eueeeea of their causa. Pole, aimirdlBtty, 
 roMilvad the caniioaJ'e bat, and wm 
 intruated with a , rilaua miaeion. Th« 
 Court of Rome waa under the impr» 'e»«a 
 that the rebellion of the noftbern oountiaa 
 had alarmed tha king. *wi that tha tiam 
 waa now come for atio^npting to reoall tha 
 achtamatical prince to the true faiih Pole 
 arrived In Flanders, ohargad with full 
 powara for thia negotiation i but Cromwtll 
 watched turn narrowly, and bad no diflcully 
 In perauading hie royal master that Pola 
 waa an emiaaar j of mlachief, comraieeloned 
 to ra^etobliab in England the odious yoke 
 of the Pspacy, and that having aeeom* 
 pliahed that object, he would expel tha 
 Tudore and uaurp the crown of England, 
 as a deeoendaal of tha Houea of York. 
 Cromwell had promtaed Latimar that ha 
 would make Pule fall into deepair, and "eat 
 hia own heart " through vexation i(*) and 
 he was drterminad that his ptophsoy 
 ahould, if |»>a«tble, be fulfilled. Pola waa 
 declared a traitor, and a reward of 60,000 
 orowne offered for hia hra^i. He had ito 
 aooner entered Prance than Briant set otlt 
 for Paris, with orders tu conduct him to 
 England, aa soon as Francis ahould haw 
 delivered him up. Francis, though indig- 
 nantly rejecting the proposals o( the English 
 ambaaaador, requested Pola to puratie W» 
 Journey without seeking sn audienct from 
 him.(S) Pole set out for Cambray, through 
 a part of the country vhere he waa con- 
 tinually meeting with English ofllcers, wl» 
 were serving In the French army, and hto 
 attendants weraao much alarmed that thojr 
 refused to carry his legate't crou, wher*i 
 tilton he took It himeclf, and tied it to hia 
 hnrae'a eaddle.(t) At Camhray. the Quoni 
 Regent of the Netherlands, warned if 
 Henry'e agente, refussd him permlseion to 
 enter the territory of the erapita. Charlaa 
 V. wsa summoned to give up the rebel to 
 his grace's* oommissionera, in oonsideratioa 
 of receiving an auxiliary troop cf 4000 
 men, which England waa to place at tho 
 disposition of the foperor during hit 
 campaign against France.!'} 
 
 (•) Lingard. 
 (d) SandeiB. 
 
 h "• 
 
 (f) Dudithiue, Vita et Byiet Poll 
 
 iiwumiimimifaiilui, ■ wiwiaiwiwi 
 
 aHmmSbi 
 
 awiiaBiMiiiiiiiiaMiaMWM'rtinwi 
 
lOfl Of MUST flU. 
 
 1*1 
 
 k 
 
 
 fctfrf-T-' ol lh« wMM thai w«f« Ut4 tor 
 tllit eardiM). I^ul ill- «M ea«p«IM M 
 mnU Htdi la ttatf. ll«nr]F, it ntalMi lo 
 Ikiak tk«l P^« •k«ulil Imv« fowxl niMiit 
 |» tMa tiM MMMlM pAld %» tUf htoM*) 
 <UtwiwiB««l to toka vvniWRM o« "lk« 
 nH"T " ralBli'M, frt«n<l*. brulhara, and 
 •*•■ on kka •c«il ni«tb«r. Two of lh« 
 Wfil •«••«•. BmMI. th« twlMr, and Whroi*, 
 Ik* kiBfl'a SMw. w«n dt«p«uh«d Inio 
 Oirawitt (o cvUmI Um chUf |K>into of mcu* 
 mitfw tffttMt thoM whum ih« kiMn had 
 muk»d o«l aa kia vi«itima. TWr miaaios 
 BM latflaiMlad i for ai«k«r bf brUiM. 
 nlwuta, Uiay ooliaaiad. In tha aauraa ofa 
 tm waaiia. |>roo(ii o( tlta aaiataaoa u( a v«a( 
 MMplraaf a«ainat Iha alau. at wbkh PiUa 
 WM Ilia inaliKMliir, and lUa raialiona hi* 
 MMoK^Uoaa. Bafofa iha dlaaovary of Um 
 plot, tba iviaaa. rtnulMiiHi apprahanakm 
 «r dangar wttk hia won^ri abilitjr. ordtrad 
 iHMMrtaa to ba aiactad on Dovar Downi, aa 
 it Um aMiny'a (aat bad alraady (wan par- 
 aaivad from tba Ughtbouaa. and aumiiMmad 
 bb paopla b» arava aa if ba wata tbnalaaad 
 by a* loMOMat Invaakon^^) 
 
 On iba Sr4 9f NuvanlMr. IS3S. Ilanrjr 
 Coarlaar, Marquia ri Eiatar. and bia wUa 
 w«ra bolb arraatad. aa vera alao »ir Edward 
 NtvU, tiia baotbar of U>rd AtHTRavanny, 
 Mr Oaoffrajr Pola and Lord Munta«iia. 
 bratiaraof iba ear. iaal. lagaibar wHh tbair 
 nMtbar. MarHarat. CounUaa of Saliabury i 
 all ipraal and nobia aamaa, ravarad Uirou||b> 
 out tba ktOKdmi, and aapackUj la tba 
 Mt^Mm eouatiaa, whan tha raeoUaetlon 
 «| tba Hmm <d York mm b^ (nab, Md 
 wbiMM aundard tbay i>il|bt bava again 
 «netad, bad tbair l<«fl^ MM bean proof 
 agaknal tvary taro^Ution of ambition. 
 Tbaaa paraona waaa all prV'^ondannad 
 hafuN balnii brought to tbair trial. Pol*, it 
 vaa aald, aimad at dathroning Hanrj, and 
 aacanding tba throna of England, togatb«v 
 with tba Priucaaa Mary, vhoin ba purpoaad 
 marrying. In a lattat to bia nothar, ha 
 h|id aaidi "tbntlfbaknawkarto haoftha 
 
 (a) Ltngard. 
 
 (k) Tha king tkonght tba erisia to dangaroaa, 
 that ha roda to Dovar and had bulwarka mad* 
 OB the aaa ooaal, and aant cbmmiaidona through 
 tha nalm to moatar the pcopla raady to rapal 
 any aaddm i n T i ta i.— HalL. 
 
 aMM aflabM wkk tba yag.b* ««iM 
 bar undar fiM>t."(*) Lard Moatagua bad 
 •at<l (a kki fti«nda i " I if .:at i« ••« a aha^Ka 
 in thta world ) and tntlaiaMd hia Intanuon 
 lo giva tba baaraa a bvCM who rukd aliowi 
 Iba klag.'^«) Tba Maa^nla af Bntar had 
 m.'da aa* of Iha fallowing aipaaaaloa i 
 "Tha rardlnal'a eondital la admirabla. I 
 am no admiftr ol tha praaani K««arn< 
 manl. "(*) Tba partlaa aoauaad wara. oMita- 
 orar, paa^ to b* ralatiooa and partknaa 
 uf Iha aardlnal . it wna lihawiaa alalad that 
 ihair ptaaa ai aonapifaty bad lung baas 
 haawa la Iha hiag. thraagb tha ravaitaUoaa 
 of tbair aarvMla. but that. Uha anotbar 
 Caaar. ha bad baaa anaioua to van(|ulah 
 thaaa aaw Oianaa, by laviaWng bia Ihrowra 
 on Ihan-C) Un aaoartakning. howatrar. 
 thai Ihay bad no* only aonapifMl agalaat 
 tha lifa of tbair aararaign. but alao agaiaat 
 that of tba royal iufbnt. tba only )awal of 
 tha crown aftar tha hing, Uanry bad baan 
 conatraiaad to giro than up to tha rigour 
 of tha laar and iHa jnalic* of Iha country .(•) 
 It ia afanaat anpariuoua lo obaanrt, that 
 Iha fclal aantaaea af ftdUf waa proaounoad 
 ^(^aat tba aaaaaad partlaa i Gaaffray PoU 
 alanak aa tha lavud af hia cowardly ad. 
 aiaalona. and ptabably Waa Nralaiiona, 
 oblalaad a oom—ilation af hU acDlanaa 
 into aaUa. in whiab ha ami pannUWd In 
 wear out a dlabonoiirad aiialaaca. On tha 
 ftlh of January. I»a0. NavU waa aiamilad 
 togatbar with two piiaata and n aaUor t and 
 afkar IbmB. Lord Montagiia. tmA Courtaay. 
 tba Marqnia of Kialar. A law daya altar. 
 Sk Niabolaa Canw, Ifaatar ti Mm Hoiaa. 
 aad a Knight of tha OaHar. coavlotad of 
 having baan on* of tba nnurqaia'a adriaar% 
 togalbat with Kindall and Quinlrall, 
 paciabad for bnclafl nwaitad that Eaatar 
 
 (•) Morriaon'a invaeUTaa agahMl traaaon. 
 U) lb. 
 
 (*) Ih. 
 
 (f) Thhtkinc aaauradly with hia olaaanoy 
 to oonauar thaur oanontdnaaa, aa Oaaar, at tha 
 Iaal, won and vmtevm* Cjmm.'^lt ThaM 
 WiioiiMaty'a lattat to tha Sa|ii8h Amhaawd ac 
 in Baaia.— Etiia. tad Sariaa, H.. 109 
 
 (fVrat hia fraoa waa canatrained for arpid' 
 tagoTanoh nudtaa aa >lraa arapaMad, Voa 
 agaiaat hU panon iml and tba anraty af tha 
 Uxd prlao*. our aal^Jftwat «IWr hit n^|aMT, 
 to uao tha rantady (ff oommiitfawtham to war*. 
 -JBUa, Sndtaiiw ^ KM (or Id., lb. Ml,) 
 
 iKWMlil— Willi<tT itwri- 
 
IiiImUm.ImvmiU 
 
 *(•) Uwd Mo«4«cu« Im4 
 
 ■ I ** I i< ja* i« ••• t ah**!!* 
 
 Nil IntlUMMd hia IntMlltrlMI 
 
 M • bttfitt wb« rul«d iJiwil 
 U Mtf^ttto •! Bmw kU 
 M folktwiBg npfMaloa i 
 
 «oiid«Ml t« Mliiiknbl*. I 
 
 at lh« pf«M«l K«v«r». 
 pwtiM M«uMd w«r«. OMin- 
 b« ralattoM an^ paflkaaa 
 
 ll «M Ukawka atalad tkU 
 wmpiimty k«d lua« baaa 
 ig, tkrMiib Um ravataltMa 
 m. bul UmI. Uka aootlMff 
 baaa aniiaoa to vanqulah 
 a, by lavlaWnff hU Ikroura 
 )n aaoar«ai*i*f. luMmrar, 
 lot osly eoMpIra*! ■(alnal 
 aararaiiiii. but alao a«(alul 
 1 tiifanl, Iha oaljr )«w«l uf 
 kk« kkB«, Hanry \ud baan 
 |Ua th«n u|> ut tha fif ovr 
 M jiMlica of tba c«VBtrr.(«) 
 ipariiwMU %a obaarra, that 
 M af tmUtjf araa proaounoad 
 Md parttea i Gaoffray Pola 
 nraard of bia cowmrdly ad* 
 probably htaa rtralaUona, 
 luaiilateaa af bii Motaaaa 
 rbtab ha waa pannuted In 
 tnovrad aiialoaca. On (bo 
 
 IftaO, Navil waa aaaoulad 
 ro prioala aad a aaUor t aad 
 I MoMtacua. aad Couftaoy, 
 Kiolar. A Um daya aftor, 
 uraw, llaotar of Mm Hona. 
 >f Um OaiUr. coavloiad of 
 • of Um oMrquia'a adriaar% 
 
 Kladall aad OuinlraU, 
 Mbm awoiud that Eiaiar 
 
 I lavaetlTao afaiaal traoaoa. 
 
 MRuadly wilb bla okaaaoy 
 caaciwdnaaa, aa Oaaar, at tba 
 wcaaM Cyw*a.-«lf tboMaa 
 at to Iha ftifiMi Ambawa4ot 
 ioA Soriaa, H.. 109. 
 Ma ma eoaatnintd (br OToid- 
 Moo aa >»aa arapanaad, ««« 
 a rayd aad tba aaraty af Um 
 aawteaat alWt bia iai^|aitT, 
 « (ff oamBiUttaMtbam tawaid' 
 ba ^ KM (orld., ib. UWO 
 
 Uf« «v mmtvi vtn. 
 
 waa Um batr praattmpttTa to Iba trown, and 
 would ba hinfl aboald Haary prvauma to 
 aiarry Aaao BwWya. It ■»! ^ Mb«<l for 
 what artm* tbaaa nublamaa ai^ihrad i aad 
 Harbart arhtuiKittifM thai ha >iii«« noi 
 kaaari bat FoU »afy Jually aaaHba. »h«4f 
 daaUi la iha hatr*d of tba tyrant for avtrf- 
 Iblnn wibia aad viinu<iua.(V Tka Mar- 
 eblooaaa of K(«t«r and (ha (7ountaaa of 
 Hdtabury wara •nil In pHaon. ITm only 
 loaaoa why ihalr aaacution bad baan da- 
 layad waa. that tba Jury, wban iha blood of 
 » faroaU waa t<i ba ai^lt, awra afraid of 
 puhlio uplaioa itian ol iba Ju<l«ai«nka of 
 Qud. baailatad to proaounaa ihalf dcxHa. 
 Al tba axaouiUtu of a fbmala. It waa aUow< 
 abio to abad (aara avan la Iha daya of 
 tiaory VIII. t but at that of a man. It 
 would bava >>aan cunaldaraU a criina. Tba 
 Earl of Southampton and tba Htubop of 
 Ely wara eommlaalonad to aiamlna tba 
 agad onuntaaa. Thay andaavourad,(^) doa- 
 litK aaviral auceaaaiva dayt, Aral by Rantla 
 worda, than by thraaU. and laatly by inU- 
 roidation. to aurpriaa bar. or rather to «a- 
 tor', from bar aoma aquivooal axpraaaloa, 
 wbiob Cromwall was aniloua to ubtaia, 
 that ba miKht commuaicata it to tka king, 
 and which, bafora a court of Juatloo, might 
 afbrd aufllielant sroaada for aa Indictmant i 
 but tka priaonar'a karoie flmnaaa com- 
 plataly fruatratad tha plana of tka com 
 mlaaloaara. Thair lattar t<i Cromwall 
 would laad oao la auppoaa that thay wara 
 aflraid of loaiag tko kkng'a favour, ao oarc- 
 ful wara tkay to aaalt tkair great aaal. 
 thair darotadocaa. and tkrir paraavaiaaea 
 in toroMBting tha poor old eountaoai If 
 tkair aibrto had not baaa attaadad with 
 luecoaa, thay wara aol ta ba blaoMd t lh« 
 night avan had not iatamiptad tkair 
 laboura i thay workad kard tM the bread 
 that they racaivad froa thair royal roaatar. 
 Thoj had treated Um eotutaaa, aad we may 
 rely upon their worda. aa Uiay had aavar 
 before treated any other priaonar. But. 
 aald they, with ga w p i aaeioo of lU'coaoaaM 
 malice, never Moit ban •• Ml wiUimch 
 
 (a) Odlaai trraaal la Tbtntam et aobUU 
 Utam. Aaol. Poll. 
 
 (b) We traTalled with Om Lady Saliabnir 
 till almoat nifbt.— Laiier to Cromwall, lith 
 MoTanber, MM. OaL D. II« 
 
 • woonani aha will aakaowt*i}ga aotkiaf^ 
 ri>n^a notbing. hut d^mra cyary lliiagi 
 Htta M a<i« a woaiaM. h«u a man.(*) " Ytiar 
 hmtakip moat undaratand tkal ll i« iia* 
 in^««ib!« ta'i •ia»«aad vith bsr, ss gTcas is bar 
 •hitlnacy "(*) 
 
 What was (o ba dona anth a wonMg 
 wkaee drmnaaa aotbwg ooald akaka, w^ 
 bad not uttered a aiagla word that could 
 Judify tha fuiiimiaauinera In Itringtng bar 
 bvfura a Jary f I bay obtaMad nu «okn»w. 
 ladgmant. ao proaf) aaitkw ouuld ihay 
 make o«i any erime. hH aa aot. kowavar, 
 loaa patiano*. aald Ortpawall, one of tka 
 cnmmWuinara i we will bold bar ov«r tka 
 bMon until aba baa dlsgornad ail that ia on 
 bar aiuinaeh (•) IV aturaaob. to uaa the 
 ooeraa Unguageof the laquiattor, diagnrged 
 notkiaff. CromwaU, tkarafure. w«nt l« 
 eonauU iha judgaa i ha wiahad to aacertaia 
 whatk*r « parvon auaiiactwi of Iraaaon could 
 ba conviotad without trial, admiaaion of 
 guilt, or any Judicial form wbatever. Tka 
 Juilgta r»pliail (hat no inferior court would 
 Imi found willing to uka upon ktaalf the 
 raaponaibility of to illanal a prooaading( 
 but that a bill of Attainder, paaaed in due 
 form by Parliainant. from whtoh there eoald 
 ba no ap|>aal. would ba vali4l and Ugal.C) 
 Parliament mat on tha fallowing day, and 
 paaaad a bill of Allalndar againat tka 
 Cuuntoaa of Baliabufy. her grandaon, tha 
 •nn of LortI Montague, and the widow of 
 tlie Mar«|Hia of R««tar, noaa of whom wara 
 aver aiuamvnad bafura n tribunal. Tha 
 oountssa arae convicted and condemned 
 for treaaon. in conaa<|iiance of a ailk gown, 
 wkich had been found in her wardrobe by 
 the Lord Admiral, and which waa marked 
 in front with the r^rma of F.ugland, and 
 behind with tha ftva wounda of Ckriat(t) 
 
 («) Wa auppftta that Ihera hath not baaa 
 •*«n or heard it a woman mi •amaal, ao man- 
 like lu countenaoi 0. — Apul. Foil. 
 
 (4) Wa mny •'all l>«r rather a alrone and 
 oonatant man, tlmn a woman. For, in all 
 bakaTiour, bowwavar wa have uaad bar, ahe 
 bath ahawed haraalf ao aamaat, vehement and 
 praciae, that mora could not be. — Kllii't Lat> 
 tara. IL, lU-Uft 
 
 (•) I aball aaaay to tha nttarmoet of my 
 power, and navvr caaae till the bottom of her 
 Btomack may ba olaatly apeoed and diacloaed. 
 — MH8. Titua. B. t., «65. 
 
 (') All biftori&ns. 
 
 (ff) Tytlot 
 
 twMMat-H 
 
 tMllH1*IUW«S*A*«#AMA-<wv^. /, 
 
880 
 
 un or BBMRT Tin. 
 
 <r^omw«ll hud bit upon thw wped*"^ *« 
 obUin from Parliwaent th* wdict which 
 hia muur de«r«d. An tboailnsbU Mn- 
 ttnoe. which will be ■ iMtlng blot on the 
 memory of the prince who dlototed it, on 
 the miniiter who eought It, and on the 
 jndgee who pMeed It. " Mny oblivion," 
 ezdUunu the hUtoriui. "effioe ewn iU re- 
 nembnnee. oi eilenoe etenuJly concwl ite 
 
 lnfMBy."(«) , ^ . , 
 
 ■ After M imprieonment of »a weeke in 
 the Toww, the MwohioneM of Exeter ob- 
 tained her pardon i and it waa hoped that 
 the kiea would compaarionate the Counteaa 
 of Saliibury, a wooian of aeventy yeare of 
 age, and the laatof the Plantagenete j that 
 lUuttrious race, who had ao long wielded 
 
 (•) CokB'e PailiamenUry Hittory of Eng. 
 land. 
 
 the aceptre of England. She aenred, mo**- 
 over, a* a hoaiaga and aecurity for the 
 oardinal'a future oonduct.('>)j but ^er two 
 years of suffering and perhaps of hope, sho 
 waa ordered to prepare for death. The 
 oountess preeenred on the scaffold the same 
 heroic courage which ahe had displayed 
 before the two inquisitors. When asked 
 by the executioner to lay h» head oa the 
 block. "No," said she. "my head new 
 committed treason: if you will have it, 
 you muat Uke it aa you ean."(«) The 
 eiecutioner obeyed. On hearing of his 
 mother's death, Pole exclaimed: "My 
 mother will pray for me; I am the son of 
 a martyr."(<>) 
 
 (b) Lingard. 
 
 (0) Id. 
 
 (d) Ep. PdL 
 
 CHAPTER XL. 
 
 iff. ;!;»■■ 
 
 THi£ SIX ARTICLES. 
 
 p«Ay.-He preMhesagalntttheBefonnHton. "• *"« ^ g, ArUctot.-The SteiWta of 
 S'^^«?^wKdlSJ£:'af M^. h«-v hU wil. w 0.r»»y. 
 
 W« have said enough on scenes of blood- 
 •hed: we wUl therefore allow the reader 
 time to breathe, and dedicate the present 
 chapter to the royal follies. 
 
 In the religious government of the 
 ooontiy. Henry aeema to have followed the 
 theoriea which Wolsey adopted in the 
 poUtical adminislfationj theoriea which 
 wen aa enay to retidn aato practiee; never 
 to let himself be troubled about th;j honour 
 or the Hffe of any man J to exalt or humble 
 him. to keep or eaoriflr; him as necessity 
 ahould require i to take advantage of eve^ 
 tdfimph. diaowuni wety failure, and, with 
 an eye and a heart alike impassible, to break 
 m keep bie word, hcoording aa danger 
 ■honld threaten or gain invito* to deepiae 
 
 ..—..i ^- _l: i :.i ■■ i\Viiy' ';"''.L "i- ii. 
 
 all partiee » to ahow no pity for any one 
 Out ehoold attempt to dieturb the 
 monareh'a repose t to aggrandise deepotiwa 
 tiUit ahould appear iustj and in order to 
 live without remorse or shame, conceal the 
 band that atruck, and sanctify the chas- 
 tiaemen^ in some degree, by leaving the 
 initiative or the reeponwbilK/ to the repre- 
 ■sntativee of the natiou; in caae of P«rli»- 
 ment proving reativ*. to exact ite obedience 
 Wthveatei to reign by corruption i never 
 to be restrained by the fear of shedding 
 blood, if that Wood would afford tlw 
 government an bour'e life or calm j to look 
 upon every subject great or small « an 
 instrument, every royal «•(»"<•".• 
 Cl^iiitian preeei^i to rente the Divinity 
 
 KMHSiiHi^ililMtili . 
 
 
land. She Mrred, »(»•• 
 [s «nd security for th» 
 onduct-C")} bather two 
 ■nd perhapi of hope, thu 
 )rep*r« for death. The 
 I on the loaffold the mma 
 hioh ahe had dttplayed 
 iqulaitori. When aaked 
 r to lay h or head oa tht 
 id ehe, "my head nerer 
 n: if you will have it, 
 it aa you can."(<>) The 
 td. On bearing of hi* 
 Pole exclaimed: "My 
 for met I. am the aonof 
 
 >) Lingard. 
 
 Id. 
 
 I) Ep. Poll. 
 
 UnC OP HBWBY nil. 
 
 Ml 
 
 iardiner head of the CiAoUo 
 >iu of patting m snil »o the 
 Wx ArUdet.— The StoWJe of 
 lis .lirtiolee.— Danger inoiured 
 
 ahow no pity for any one 
 ttteaspt to diaturb the 
 • t to affgrandixe deepatiam 
 ipear just; and in order to 
 lorae or shame, conieeal the 
 >k, andsauctify the chas- 
 te degree, by leaving the 
 reeponubilit/ to the repre- 
 enatiuu; in caae of P«rU*> 
 lativtf, to exact its obedience 
 niga by eonruptiioni never 
 id by the fear of shedding 
 blood would affind the 
 hour'e life or calm j to look 
 ibject greaft or small as on 
 »ety royal caprice m a 
 tfflti to rente the Divinity 
 
 
 incarnate in terrestrial royalty, and trane- 
 form the monarch into an inr.peccable 
 reprenentativa of Him who reigns in 
 heaveii. 
 
 The mnrder of the Carthuiians, llioroas 
 More, Fisher, Futher Forest, and so many 
 other Catholics I the insurrection of the 
 Pilgrims of Grace, the »polialion of the 
 monaste' )e», the bannhment of thf monks, 
 the (iispenion of the ashes of 8t Thomas 
 i Becket, the violation of the tombs of 
 Alfred and 8t. Austin, the apostacy of the 
 bishops and the clerjjjr, must evidently 
 have compromiHed the title of Defender of 
 the Catholic Faith, which the king continued 
 to arrogate to himself in all his official 
 acts. Heresy was on the alert in England ; 
 the erasure of the Pope's name from the 
 books of liturgy was an unimportant 
 triumph; the object of its promoters was 
 to change the Catholic creed, and to substi- 
 tute in its place a confession similar to that 
 established in Germany ; and they felt con- 
 fident of being able to accomplish this 
 revolution, if Cranmer were retained in the 
 Arohiepiscopal See of Cnnterbuty. But 
 about this time a reactionary movement 
 occurred in England. Two parties were 
 formed ; the party ot reform, the leadera of 
 which were Cranmer, Archbishop of Can- 
 terbury; Latimer, Bisimp of Worceater; j 
 Fox, Bishop of Hereford;, and Shaxton, 
 Bishop of Salisbury ; the party of resist- 
 ance under the guidance of Gardiner, 
 Bishop of Winchester; the Archbishop of 
 York ; and the Bishops of London, 
 Durham, Bath and WeUs-C*) 
 
 After an honourable exile, Gardiner, who 
 was thenceforth to take the lead of that 
 religious opposition which wss deetined to 
 struggle with equal akill and perseverance 
 until Henry'a death, against the innova- 
 tions of Cranmer. aad his party, had just 
 returned to his diooess. Glirdiner had 
 spent two years travelling in Germany, and 
 had returned heart-broken at the inanity of 
 those doctrinee which were opposing 
 Catholicity beyond the Rhine. For thi,s 
 srdent and enthusiastic spirit, the victim of 
 hia ambition, it was necessary that he 
 should visit the heart-rendmg scenes to 
 
 (a) Toddi.r-Lingaidi 
 
 which Saxony wa? at that time a prey, in 
 order that he might be preserved from fall- 
 ing into hereny. The Lutheran gospel, 
 announced as the breath of the Hpirit of 
 Truth, and which, after having rejected 
 tradition, was in its turn beinfr examined, 
 sounded and ridiculed, seemed to be a 
 lesson reserved for him by Divine Provi- 
 dence. On hearing of the bishop's return, 
 Henry aummoned him to appear before 
 him, and ordered him to prrach on th« 
 following Sunday at St. Paul's Croa». 
 Gardiner ascended the pulpit, and took for 
 hia text, the gospel of th'j day, the teinpt«- 
 tion of Jesus by the devil, in order that ha 
 might have au upportuutty of attacking 
 the innovators whom he compared to 
 Satan. " Satan," said he, " is crying aloud 
 to us by tho moutha of these innovators : 
 east thyself on that stone; on that stone 
 cast futiug ; on that atone, eonfeasion ; oa 
 that stone the use of images and the vene- 
 ration of the saints." Tliis sermon waa m 
 manifesto which Gardiner thus terminated : 
 " The movement of the Reformation is not 
 progressive but ratrograde."(i>') The bishop, 
 on deserting the party of error, waa joined 
 by Nor.olk, the first minister of the crown. 
 Parliament assembled on the Sth of May, 
 1539, ander the emotion necessarily excited 
 by this Catholio discourse ; and it was aoon 
 aseertidned that by the king's orders, m 
 committee of ecclesiastical peera had been 
 appointed to put an end to the religioua 
 disaentitona which were at that time tronl^ 
 ling England.(o) The Ckrittutn InttiMt, 
 that work of reconciliation, ao far firom 
 pacifying only increased the dissension} 
 •nd the same difference of opinion waa 
 manifested in the committee as in the jar- 
 ring creeds. The Archbishop of York, 
 the Bishops of Durham, Bath and Welle, 
 Carlisle, and. Bangor, rallied around Gar- 
 diner, and were for arrest y the progress 
 of the Reformation; while Cranmer, and 
 the Bishops of Ely and Salisbury, tog:ther 
 with Cromwell, were for having it dis- 
 engaged from every obstacle. They came 
 no decision, and Hen^y, after waiting 
 patiently for eleven days,' submitted tf> the 
 
 (b) There 'n uo forward in the new teachings 
 bat idl backwards. 
 (•) Lingard. 
 
 ■>««nw»«SHi)Ki^. 
 
LIVE OV QBMRT VIII. 
 
 J. 
 
 hi 
 
 
 eoniidcntioD of the oommUtae buc qact* 
 tma; reUt>t» to the Reel Prewnoe, cotn- 
 nunioii under two kinde, vows of chaatity, 
 private Maaaea, the nwrriaffe of (he clergy, 
 ■nd aarkaiar coDf«aaiuB.(>) The debate 
 .then oumoMnced among the lorda apiritual, 
 Cranwell and AuiHey obaenriiiff a prudent 
 and reapeotAil eilenee. Cianmer and the 
 Biahopa of Blj, Saliabory, Worceater, 
 Bodieater, and St. David'a. erineed al flrat 
 ■oine alight oppoaition. The aoeae ia thua 
 deacribed by one of the Lorda of PuUa^ 
 mentt " Notwithatanding my Lord of 
 Canterbury, my Lord of Bly, my Lord of 
 ' SalUbury, my Lordi of Woneater, Ro. 
 eheater/aad St Dmr/ea, defended the 
 eontnury a long time, yet finally hia high- 
 neea eonfounded them all with goodlie 
 learning. Yoric, Durham, Wincheater, 
 London, Chidieater, Norwiohe, and Car- 
 liale, have ahowed themaelvea hott4et 
 •«nd well learned men. We of the 
 tempon||y have been all of one opinion : 
 and my lord Chanoellor (Audley) and 
 my Lord Privy SmJ (Cromwell) aa good aa 
 we can deviae. My Lord of Canterbury 
 and all hia biahopa, have i^vea Iheir 
 opiniona, and have ootee in to ua. aava 
 .BaliabuiTV «ho pit eontinaath a lewd 
 iooL"('0 Cranmer again aaerifloed hie 
 eoMcience to HIm wiU of hie maatar. for he 
 Mknmrtedged aflerwarda to the lebek ol 
 Devonahire, that if hia majeaty had not 
 come in peraon toPariiamtnt, thoae Popieh 
 aiticlea, rejeoled by thec^bgiaiM. wdold 
 .■ever hhve paMed.(<) The primambould 
 hai^ aaid, that in order to pkaae the kini^ 
 Jm had eonaented w offend Qod. 
 
 Two oommitteea were appointed to pre> 
 p««AbiU oonformable to the royal will ( 
 oneeompoeed, eaya Liogard. of three recent 
 converU to the kiog'a viewa, the prelatea 
 
 (•) Todd.--StType.— Liagard. 
 
 (*) M»S.aeop.V.,128,quotedbyLingard. 
 
 (•) I'hat theae aitkles were to eofoned by 
 tka evil coonael of certain papiata agaiDit Uie 
 tmth and common ia^iment both of divinea 
 ud lawyeia, that if the kiog'e majer.y hinMelf 
 bad not come petfocally into the ParliaaMBt- 
 House, thoae laws had never pasaed.— 
 Todd.— Bwnet.— Strroa. , Todd and <rther 
 hiatorians maintain tut Cranmer icrftised to 
 Bubacribe to the aic articlea; but if he had 
 peftMed in hiattppoaitloa. ha woold have been 
 ^liged, like the Biahope of WdweMer and 
 BtMnaj, to reaign hia aee. 
 
 of Canterbury, Ely, and St. David'a i the 
 other of men diatinguiahed by their attach^ 
 ment to Catlioliciam. the prelatee of Yorii^ 
 Durham, and Winchester. Two biUa were 
 prepared by the cciRisittees, and submitted 
 to the king on the and of June. Henry 
 gave the preference to that which had been 
 drawn up by the second committee, and 
 which was indeed said to be his own 
 work.(') On the 3rd, Cromwell laid the 
 Six Artiolee before convocation, which 
 approved of them, and the Lord Chan> 
 cellor laid them before the Houae of Lord^ 
 and on the 7th, before the Commona. 
 Parliament peeaed the biU, which received 
 the royal aanetion, and England poaaeeaed 
 another law which hiatory haa branded 
 with the title of the Statute of Blood.C) 
 
 It waa atated in the preamble of the 
 bill, that the king, having been informed 
 of the diviaiona that had glided into the 
 minda of hia aubjecti, aecuhr aa well u 
 ccdeaiaatioal, touching the interpretation 
 of varioua religioua formularief, and know- 
 iag well the happy effscto that would be 
 pi^duced by the unity of doctrine and 
 fiuth, and the evils that muat inevitably 
 arise from the ahaence of harmony in faith 
 and in doctrine, had aaaembled hia Parlia* 
 jaent and hia clergy, who had endeavoured 
 to reconcile these deplorable difbreneea. 
 Six Articlea had been propoaed andaeriouriy 
 jianunad. In Parliament, aa well aa in 
 hia Privy Council^hia m^ieatyhad diapotad 
 on *hcae arUdee with no leaa sciea^ than 
 akill] and with the co-operation of hia 
 Parliament had reaolved and deci«ed.C) 
 1; That in the sacrament of the altar, 
 nffeer the ooaawiation, there remained uo 
 auhatanoe of bread and wine, but ruader 
 theae forma the natural body and blood of 
 Chriat wan pieaant, 8. That the eon- 
 tawmm in both kinda waa not neoesaary 
 to the aalvatien of all peiama by the law 
 of Qod, but that both the fleah and blood 
 ol Chriat were together in each of the 
 khida. 3. That ptiaata, after the order of 
 prleethood. might not Barry bytbe Uw of 
 Qod. 4. That V0WB of ohaatity ought to be 
 obeerrcd by the kw of Qod. S. That the 
 
 
 WilUna' OonsiUa. 
 Hume. 
 
f.\f, md St. David'n th* 
 JDguUhed by their atUoh* 
 un, the prelstM of Yorii^ 
 nchraUr. Two bilU w«i« 
 otmoittect, and iubmitt«d 
 b« and of Jon*. Hanij 
 C0 to that wliiob had baan 
 ■ Mcond coinca'ittae, and 
 td ikid to be hie own 
 I 3rd, Cromwell laid the 
 fore convocation, which 
 100. and the Lord Ouuw 
 rafore the Houae of Lordly 
 ti. before the Cominona. 
 d the biU, which reoeived 
 I, and England poaaeeaed 
 ioh hiitory haa branded 
 the StatuU td Blood.C) 
 in the preamble of the 
 ig, havinff been inforand 
 that had glided Into the 
 ibjecta, aecular aa well u 
 uching the interpretation 
 )ua formularie*. and know 
 ipy effecte that would be 
 le unity of doctrine and 
 ivila that muat inevitably 
 Mcnoe of harmony in fait\i 
 had aaaambled hia Parlia. 
 tf(j, who had endeavoiuad 
 lae deplorable difbreneea. 
 been propoaed andaerioualy 
 Parliament, aa well aa in 
 i),hiB majeatyhad diapntad 
 with no leaa aeiea^ than 
 the co-operation of hia 
 reaolmd lad dacnad^) 
 e lacxament of the altar, 
 nation, there remaiiMd uo 
 icad and wine, but imder 
 natural body and blood of 
 taant, 8. That the eon- 
 kinda waa not naoeaaaiy 
 of all pecaona by tlw law 
 it both the fleah and blood 
 together in each of the 
 t ptkata, after tba wder of 
 bt not Barry bythe Utw of 
 r«WB of ohaatity ought to ^ 
 ikwofGod. S. That tba 
 
 KTilUna' OoooiUa. 
 
 flume. 
 
 Bnaiet. 
 
 Ur> Of UMUKt Till. 
 
 uae nf private MaaMa ought to ba continued^ 
 which, aa H waa agreeablo to Ood'a law, 
 •0 men reerived great benefit* by them, 
 (t. That auriottlar coufeaaioc wm expedient 
 and neceaearv. and ought to be retained iu 
 the Church. 
 
 Ilien fuUuwed the penal clause* ; 1 . If 
 any ponon wrote, preached, or disputed 
 against the flrat article, be should nut be 
 allowed to abjure, but should suffer death 
 aa a heretic, and forfeit hia gooda and 
 chattels to the king. a. If he preachud in 
 any aermon or collation, or apoke openly 
 befoi* the Judges againat any one of the 
 otbet' five, ha abould incur the ueual 
 penaltiaa of Isionyi but if ha only held 
 ctmtrary opiniona, and poblialied them, 
 he should fbr the firat offence be impri- 
 aoned at the king'a pleaaina, and fbrfeit 
 hia ianda during life, luad hia gooda for 
 evert for the eeoond, ha ahould auffsr 
 death. 3. The act pronounced the mar- 
 riagea of prieata or nuna of no effect t 
 ordered audi peraona ao married to be 
 separated, and made it felony if they 
 cohabited afterwarda. 4. It aabiected 
 prieata, living carnally wHh women, or nuna 
 with men, to impriaonment and forfeiture 
 on the Srat oonvietion, and to deaJi en the 
 second ; and lastly, it enacted that peraona 
 eontamptuoualy refuaing to eoitfaae at the 
 usual timee, or to fecatve the saenment, 
 should fur the firat offence be fined and 
 impriaonod i and fior the aeeond, be 
 a4)udced ftlona, and auffsr the punkhment 
 of feloay.(s) The bUl flUed the partiaana 
 with tenor of the new doetrinaei and, 
 for a time, every one in Boglaad at ail 
 inclined to the teaching of the Raformakitai, 
 sought hie safety either ia ailence or in 
 blind attbnissioii to the tyrant'a will. 
 Latimer ind GHiaxten, the Bishops of Wor- 
 cester aikd Saliabuiy, aent in the teaigna 
 tion of di^ eeaa on the let ef July t(t) 
 but Omnar eontined to live in hia|nlMe 
 at Canterbury. It ia ctf no greM import^ 
 anee for oa to imiuiie wbetiier he paraisted, 
 ia bis beautifid abode at Lambeth, ia 
 njeeting(*) tboae doetriaea which be bad 
 
 t^i Linnid.— Hume.— Herbert 
 0>\ Godwin.— Bute Papers. I., 849. 
 (<) Cranmer. soon aflw this meraonble 
 debi^ confirmed the eptaiou he had urged 
 
 eanetioned hi hia vote. ThouKh not A 
 believer eitb«r in <;he Real Presenoe, or in 
 tlie aeoaasity of auricular oonfeasion, in the 
 Baoriflee of the Mass, or in the obligation 
 nf ceUbacy of the niergy, he continued to 
 perform the duties and receive the revenues 
 of hi* archbishopric. When the news 
 arrived in Germany of the enactment of 
 the atatute of blood, Melancthon already 
 pictured to aimaelf Cranmer ascending the 
 soaibld in defence of liberty of cunsoienoe 
 against the fury ot the tyrant < and pointed 
 out to him the palm of martyrdom which 
 Ood wu holding suspended 6ver the bead 
 of the ccurageouB oonfeeaorof the goepel.(4) 
 Lutber appear* to have eitteruinad a similar 
 opinioo of Cnmnner's courage, for, in a 
 letter addressed to the Duke of Saxony, 
 on the aubjectof the Six Artides. he speaks 
 in the highest terms of the primate whose 
 wise eonnsels Henry had contemned. Of 
 hie former rival, he makea a aopbist and a 
 bal>bler, who ia seelting to govern the 
 worid by mere gloes. and comparea the 
 King of Bngland tu Nebucbadonoior, to 
 Herod, and even msStes him worae tbim 
 the Pope, whoi at all events, sud be* never 
 made the oelibaoy of' the eleigy a Oivide 
 commandment. TheKingofGhfoatSritain, 
 added be, ie no nauch the more culpable aa 
 be baa not been aawamed, and haa recently 
 had tranalatad into Engliah an excdleat 
 little treatise on the varioua qneetiona die* 
 cuaaed and defined in the atatute.(*) 
 
 We beliere in the aincerity of theae pro- 
 testadona on the part of Mdanedion, 
 Luther, Bncer, and Calvin, aghast tin 
 Dimeonian code oi Henry VIII. t but there 
 are certain faeta that weigh heavily on 
 men'a conaciencea, and tbe GenDaa Ae« 
 fbmers would have done well to remember 
 them. In ISaS, when the poorpetaania 
 demanded firom their oppreMors a eertafai 
 modkum at liberty, Melanctiion replied : 
 
 with the fbUowing assertion: that the Scripture 
 speaketh not of penance, as we call it a sacra* 
 ment, ko. — Bamet.— Collier. 
 
 (d) He believed Latimer, Sbaxton, Craa« 
 mer, and others, to be in prison upon the 
 occasion ; he wi^ed them all the fortitude of 
 Ohsittiam; he admitted that dothiag more 
 honourable could befall them thsn to mffer for 
 the truth they mainudned against the recent 
 stalnta.— Todd.— Oenle*. 
 
 (•) Luther's Brief, U^,-De Wette. 
 
 
 « 
 
 t1 
 
UVB 99 HIMIIT VUi 
 
 "TheM nuties m, indMd, not ■ little 
 unreuon»blet What do th«M pcManU 
 then want J thay have alreadj too much 
 liberty {(■) Joteph impoaei labour on 
 the Egyptian, becauia he kuowe well that 
 it will not do to give the reins to the 
 people." And Luther, addretiing hinniflf 
 to the IcinKi of the earth, in 1B39> when 
 the people were tinking under the weight 
 of their oppreasion and auffering, exclaimi ; 
 " Pope, cardinals, Romish trash, hang them 
 all, and tear out their tongues aa blas- 
 phemen\"(>>) In the came year, Bucer 
 Uugbt ttiat the civil power possesaed the 
 right, not only of inflic^ng capital punish- 
 mtat on the heretic in his own person, but 
 also of putting to death his children or his 
 wife, and even of destroying his flocks.(«} 
 Calvin also condemned Servetus to the 
 stake, and witnessed the agonising death 
 of the anti-trinitarian from a noighbouring 
 window-C*) Tlie Reformers, therefore^ had 
 no rea&on to call tfas King of England to 
 account for the blood that was shed through 
 the enactment of the otatnte of the Six 
 Articles. We are equall/ at a loM to 
 WMOunt for Mekncthon's complaints 
 against Henry's intoleimnoes "!>«»» we find 
 htm, in IfiaS, while * discspk of Luther, 
 aacriflfltng, like his matter, the d«im'/cratic 
 l^aciple of the ReformaUon, and adyising 
 the Landgrave of Hesse, who had consulted 
 him on the subject of the religious disputes, 
 so frequent in the p«lpit among Protesuiit 
 minifftere, to forbid those to preach whoni 
 ha should consider to be in ihe wrong; 
 thna conjtituting, aa a Reformer observe*, 
 a wouiar prince supreme judge on a dis- 
 puted puet^9 of Scripiaro. 
 
 After the passing of the bill of the Six 
 Artrclta, "e may easily conceive that 
 Uw) priioate'e poaitwn wm anything but 
 enviable- Had thtirebecn no difficulty but 
 that of maniiesting eKterba) acta of futh 
 ia oppo!^ti»B to ihe 'Mctatea «■•? m soa- 
 •ejeece, Oranmer would hisvts felt pti ^m* 
 li^rrasamentr for he wc^old hkvn condemRed 
 
 A ^&W<o ftrnda- 
 
 ('^> Ccsua PoattiU!^«m< 
 
 'A H. Stmm 'i?a«y. B«»l -i'tai |w«da sw 
 
 to the stake every sohoolmaater in th« 
 kingdom, had Henry required their death. 
 His conduct, if not the moat edifying, is at 
 least the most skilful model for the guidance 
 of any courtier that la desirous of ending 
 his days in his maoter's good graces. In 
 Lambert's trial, for instance, we find him 
 supporting the dogma of the Real Presence, 
 which he seems to have rejected in 1539, 
 in order to retain the king'a favour, and 
 apparently yielding afterwards to the irre« 
 sistible force of the crowned theologian'^ 
 arguments; but he had other and much 
 more perplexing dtfflcultiM to contend 
 against. The reader will doubtlesa recollect 
 that, acting the pu-t of a man of prudence, 
 bn had left his wife at Nuremberg, in 
 Oaiander'a houses but he bad since recalled 
 her, and had her living with him in the 
 archiepiscopal palace of Canterbury. 
 Catholic historians accuse the primate of 
 infringing on the precept of chastity 
 eanonically imposed on the priesthood, 
 and of disubodience to the king, who, 
 in a oLroular dated 19th November, 1534, 
 ordered the bishops to institute inquiries 
 in their dioceses, aud to imprison any 
 priesu who should be found acting in con- 
 travention to the canona of the Church by 
 keeping ooncubinea, and to certify their 
 namea tu the council.(<) The primate, as 
 one of the bishopa, received the royal pre- 
 acription, but did not deem it expedient to 
 denounce to the prince the t^nsgreseors of 
 the ecclesisaatieal eannna and the l%w» of 
 the state. IVo yearn later, on the I6th 
 of Novemi?er, 15^, & (iroclamatioiQ was 
 isducd, likuwtee in the name of the inpreme 
 Head of the Church Kud director of all 
 intnda auder Qod, <u^aining that dl prteata 
 publidy kaown to hava been married 
 should be deprived of their benefices, and 
 consiilered *s laymen, and that ail tho«e 
 who chtitild nvny after tbia nolSca should 
 ht> poniahv 1 and imprsiwited a9<aoTding to 
 hik iim||ess^*» pie8aB!«.{f) The fmmata 
 still eontinued to disobey the monarch, thr 
 JiftSigt of fiod on earth, *3d to Bifthsihit 
 with Osiacder's wee, and w*» ««ip««i«?ly 
 careful not to lonve sue diocssse, or lay down 
 
 {-) WilkiuaT Ckndlk. 
 CO iit^ype^ 
 
 jWHSta^M 
 
UVB cr BBKIt Till. 
 
 885 
 
 try MboolmMter in th« 
 inrjr niquired thrir death, 
 ot (h« iOQ*t edifyiDK. it •* 
 iful roo(i«l for the Kuidanee 
 lat la desiroiia of ending 
 laster'a good graoea. In 
 or insUnce, we find him 
 gnaa of the Real Praaenca, 
 10 bav« rejected in 1539, 
 9 the king'a favour, and 
 )g afVrwarda to the im- 
 the crowned theolof^an't 
 he liad other and much 
 
 diffleulti#!a to contend 
 iet wili doubtleaa recoUeat 
 lart ot a man of pradenoe, 
 
 wife at Nuremberg, in 
 ; but he had ■ince recalled 
 r living with him in the 
 palace of Canterbury, 
 na aocuae the primate of 
 !be precept of chaatitj 
 oaed on the prieathood, 
 ience to the king, who, 
 sd 19th Navember, 1534, 
 lopa to inatitute inqoiriea 
 M, aui to impriaon any 
 Id be found acting in oon- 
 I canona of the Cbnrcb by 
 inea, and to certify their 
 uncil.C) The primate, ai 
 ipa, ntceived the royal pre- 
 i not deem it expedient to 
 prince tbe tmnagreaaora of 
 d cannna and tbe lawa of 
 
 yeam later, on tbe I6th 
 15^, tt proclamatijiQ was 
 in the name of the anpreme 
 hurch nnd director of all 
 1^, jUYJaining that tH prteata 
 I to hava been married 
 red of tbair beneflcea, and 
 lymen, and that ail thane 
 ny after tbia notiiea abould 
 i imprleottcd asyording to 
 pies«ntre.{f) Th« fonmtM 
 iodieobey the moaarcb, tbr 
 on earth, iad to CishAbit 
 I 'sixtso, *nd w*» eapeskJly 
 av« »i* djcoeae, or lay down 
 
 hia orocier and mitre. The primata'a 
 biographera, we mean tbe AngUcan writera, 
 candidly aelinowledge that Cranmer did 
 not act with aincerity or courage in thia 
 affair i but they will not lUow that he waa 
 guilty of incontinence, and t/ne of them 
 dcclarea that it would be an act of blaa- 
 phemy for any Catholic wriur to awert, 
 that the koljf man was evut guilty of 
 cr-iroinal convertation with Oaiander'a 
 niaca, or with any other woman. (*) 
 
 However thie may be, the cohabitat?vn 
 waa not without ita fruita, for the primate, 
 either concealed or openly, had aeveral 
 obildren born to him. Cranmer had recourae 
 to all aorta of expedienta to enable hira to 
 keep hia wife. At one time be submitted 
 to Henry certain specious arguments 
 a;(ainst the celibacy of the clergy. At 
 another, he suggested the expediency of 
 a royal declaration imposing silence on a 
 subject at that time warmly diacuB»itd in 
 Qermanys but the manifesto never made 
 ivo appfarauco. At length he boldly pro> 
 posed that the question should be drbated 
 before impartial judges, on condition that, 
 if the tribunal ahould pro".ounoe against 
 the marriage of the clergy, every advocate 
 in favour of it should be mercilessly put to 
 death; bat that, if the aentence should 
 be favourable, the canonical prohibition 
 shculd cease to be obligatory. Henry on 
 this oceaaion, however, did not fed disposed 
 for thfi sheddir;! of blood, and the proposal 
 waa therefore rejected. 
 
 Prompted by Cranmer, Melancthon, who 
 was ootisidered one of the most moderate 
 theologtaiM of the new aehool, tudertook 
 
 (■) It is (nie tlwu the mAt mnm, wisely 
 dccliuing ike danger i^A miuifnity of the 
 tinir<8, made not at tbe first any public profes* 
 Bioo of his marriage, as was oe*ded to artrt 
 mischief. Bmt ihitt he ever had any di*ko»«»t 
 eoHvergttiom With het «t soy other, is no other 
 '*-3n the nactai of the mouUi s»f bj-'Sj^^lncmy. 
 ^Boaonr of )ji» manioHj clw^^ 
 
 to overcome the obstinacy of the king to 
 whom h« addressed a long letter iC*) but 
 neither the artifice «f the prelat«t, nor :he 
 rhetorical powers of the professor, could 
 change the opinion of the Heed of tha 
 Church. Cranmer, who was unwilling to 
 remain any longer with the penally cf death 
 impending over him, sent his wife and hia 
 children to fiiermary, and wrote a letter to 
 the king apologising fo? bin temerity in 
 having bad the presumption to maintain 
 an opinion contrary to that of hia mi^esty. 
 The pre'.ate's offences, if he had committed 
 any, were toon forgotton, for H>inry foresaw 
 that he might still stand in need of Cran- 
 mar's servicee, and he might have aougbt 
 in vein among tbe membera of his clergy 
 for a more trf>otaole t.nd docile spirit- A 
 consolatory letter from the king, conveyed 
 by the Dukes of Nortnlk and Cromwell, 
 relieved the archbishop from all hia feare. 
 A few of the clergy, who, emN>ldened by 
 the primate's example, had been living in 
 concubinage, loet uo time in separating 
 flrom those whom they had called their 
 wives. One of them, John Foster, on dii- 
 missing bis concubine, wrote to Cromwell, 
 humbly acknowledging thnt be hud tinned 
 in viobting the canons ; bet that having 
 been convinced of the error of his ways by 
 the king's theological science, he confessed 
 his fiiult, snd humbly sued for pardon. 
 "If hie miijeety," sa 1 be, "haddecid d 
 thai it was lawful for priests to marry, we 
 should, ftt loyal subjeote, have willingly 
 obeyed him-'^C") The primate's examine, 
 therefore, in separating from his wife, u 
 well as that of his marriage, waa not with, 
 out its effect 
 
 0>) Lingard. 
 
 (•) For yf the Kyng's OrscA could hare 
 fuunde yt lawful the prestyg might have been 
 maryd, thev^ would have hjn to the crowne 
 doubbyll and donbbyll fa>thef^l.— MSS. CoU., 
 Cleop., F. fv, 116— BIlis, let beries. II., 
 III. 112 
 
 itty?a. 
 
 «»«rw»w*»^ 
 
1 urs or Rmm tiu. 
 
 CHAPTER XLl. 
 
 it- 
 
 
 i 
 
 AMNB OF 0LBVB8.— 15381-lMO. 
 
 ^!ISir;6«adh«bI^ -Triumph of Oromw.!!, who i. cr.»»d £»1 oC EM.x.-Hlt faU— 
 StiK Tow..J-!^rIl.r . ..rS. th. King «.p.otiag Cromw.U.-Th. Mial.t.r cond.».n^ 
 without* ht«im.—CrMjiii«r ToUt for hli death. 
 
 PaoMWBLL wta on th« brink of an kbyist 
 kh« ftvouiita'a approaching fall waa dearly 
 ibnaaaD by infallible aigna: the king'a 
 (^tiitamptuoua manner towarda him, the 
 (•preNed murinura of the people, the con- 
 ^ntnUd indif;nadonof the ariatocracy, the 
 inaolent wultation of Gardin^. the leader 
 •f the Catholi? party, andaboteall, that 
 prophaOo aoUtuda formed aronnd the 
 miniater wtio waa abovt to fall or die. 
 Other paaaagea, equally compfehenaible, 
 migbt have warned hina that the day* of 
 bla power were numbered. Blevated from 
 » low rank to the offioe of Vicar^eneial, 
 YioegeFttnt, Keeper of the Privy Seali, not ao 
 nmcb through hia gvent talenta aa through 
 wy fiwk of fortuae» he waa aura to exeite 
 th« Jaalottar of the nolulity. ThA Duke of 
 Norfolk could now without bluahing, look 
 «poa th« dianiMi^ buokle nhkh elaaped 
 tt« garter of ^ mn of • blackamith. 
 tlM pwipk. atm animated by faalinga of 
 lOMwWnn for thc«e eatabliahmento in 
 whiob they had b«K> fid with tha bread of 
 flhatityX*) •<"' ^ Cromwell only a Tiolator 
 of tomba. • apoaor of ndlgitiaB hooaaa, 
 •ad * pMfimor of ralioa. pjbiiag their 
 ^m^ through YorkeUN, the PUgrimaof 
 Omoe had petitioned BMtYM to Mimtho 
 country from thia iuatmment of murder 
 and alamvy. and the monka had pnmouneed 
 a ooree upon him from the pul|^t. By 
 Catholiflo, he waa regarded aa » vihi apo»- 
 Ule)(<>) M Borne, h« waa dorignatod the 
 
 ra) Hooie. 
 
 Son of Satan t and the PloteitanU them> 
 lelree could place no confidence in a aelfleh 
 being who betrayed or aenred them ac* 
 cording aa it auited hia changeful policy. 
 
 Cromwell had only one meana of ward- 
 ing off the blow. By gi»in(< to England a 
 Lutheran qneen. he hoped that he would 
 be able to invigorate the party of Reform, 
 which the atatute of the Sis Artid«t 
 teemed to have ruined. But Providence 
 had deaigned that the very mean* which he 
 adopted to re-eatabliah hia credit, ahould 
 only aerve to precipitate hia falL Henry 
 did not ao bitterly bewail the death of Jane 
 Seymour aa aome hiatorhuia relate. As 
 •oon aa ha heard that Meaven had bleat 
 him with a aon, he thua wrote to Franda I. \ 
 "liy wall-beloved bradMr, I waa delighted 
 on reedving your eoogiatuUtkma on the 
 birth of a aon. wlOeh it has pleaaed God to 
 bestow on ^oe, and my only hiq^ ia that 
 the rvaUaaUoii of your dediaa b thia 
 reapcot may aoon aArd me an opportunity 
 of axpnoring tha mum Minga Viwarda 
 yout novarthohM. II hM aoomedgoodto 
 Dtvina PravldaMO, whoae wiU be dune, to 
 n^to wMi tUo mjr peat Joy, tha bittemeaa 
 of loaiiw hw who pnaontad ma witk ttiia 
 hapidoaao. Iroa tite hand of yow gMd 
 brother, oonain, companion, and porpotoal 
 
 ally.(*) 
 
 Aftar two montha <rf widowhood, Hanry 
 became a aultor for the hand of Marie irf 
 Lonainb, dowoger ducheaa iA LongucvUle, 
 whooa wit and well-made focm had com> 
 
 (•) LeOvaad. 
 
[lalsttr BtrriM tba Xtag to t 
 I— -Hmry !• d«Mlv«d In bar, 
 1 Sail of KiMx.— Hit ML— 
 1.— Tlw Minister eandcsmMd 
 
 ind the PratflitonU them- 
 ',t no confidence in t Mlfleh 
 kjed or aenred them m> 
 ted hia changeful policy. 
 
 onlj one menne of werd- 
 . By giving to England « 
 , he hoped that be would 
 •rate the party of Reform, 
 tute of the Six Artidee 
 
 ruined. But Providence 
 at the very meanir which he 
 Btabliah hia credit, ahould 
 recipitate hie falL Henry 
 ly bewail the death of Jane 
 me Uetoriana relate. As 
 trd that Heaven had bleel 
 he thiit wrote to Fianda 1. 1 
 ed brathw, I WM deliffhted 
 tor eongntolationa on the 
 rhieh U has pleated God to 
 and my only lun^ it tbat 
 
 of your dediw b thia 
 a aflwd me an opportunity 
 Iw MUM Mingt Viwarda 
 M, II baa aawMd good to 
 ■Mt wImm wiU be dune, to 
 I mjr pMi W> ^ bittamcaa 
 lb* pnamtad m« witk ttiU 
 HB tbe band of yow good 
 aadporpotoal 
 
 otba of widowhood, Hanry 
 r tot the band of Marie of 
 {er dttcheaa ot Longucville, 
 . well-made fans had couh- 
 
 I) Le Grand. 
 
 pletaly captivated him. Bol Marie pi«- 
 fcrred Jamee V.. King of Hootland, who 
 waa in tli« Mower of hia age, to the Ungliah 
 monarch, whoee gray haira tMgan to betray 
 hia advanced y«ara, and who waa weighed 
 down while walking, under the ponderous 
 maaa of hia oorpural exuberance. In vain 
 did Francia asaure hit "good brother" that 
 the duohest wae afflanood to Jainea i the 
 murderer of Anne Boleyn would not admit 
 the poaaibility of a refuaal. For eeveral 
 montha, he continued to importune the 
 young woman with hie amoroue aoliciu* 
 tiona i and when ebe aalled for Scotland, the 
 rejected euitor, in a momant of ill-humour, 
 ref^iaed her permiaeion to land at Dover, 
 aad travel through England. A daughter 
 of the Duke de VendAme was then offered 
 to tke king, ae if the aovereiga of three 
 kingdoms wotdd conaent to nHtrry a woman 
 that had been rejected by the King of 
 Sootlaiid \{V At length Henry contented 
 to marry one of the (hughters of the King 
 of l^nce. on condition that' he should aot 
 decide on taking^ any one in particnlaff«:tUl 
 after he bad eera |hem all «t Cekiet A 
 propoeal which Francia rejected witK ittibg* 
 nation. "You may havs heard;," wtote 
 M. Boebetol to Cmtyionj the Freneh 
 ambamador in Bhgland, 'fof the king's 
 in t e a lt ew rcepedteg tbeaa marriagee; wad 
 to taB yon the tmth^ dm king ridieulee tha 
 propoeal that bav been made to you on the 
 subject, saying, iiai w, iMc<«iitlyi women in 
 England are rtH^dt^ nk. >s!iga» ie be 
 assembled together m& icot^ Sfd out ifi 
 drovaa to aaa wbieh bae the fneat aotioiii 
 but Ua majea^ baa no idea ef placing his 
 danghters aaaoiif the haRi."(») 
 
 Hemry atrgi twiiad hia . atteatioa t* 
 ChristiBa^ DoebaN of Mflaib ^lUI the 
 King 6f ■m^aad." said liiat priaeeee, 
 "that had I two beads, I Btgfat be induced 
 to risk oaaof tbesB. bi»t bavinf only oaab 
 I wish to ppeeerva it."(«) Cromwell, about 
 this tim^ pn^waad Anne of ClarfH. 1>is 
 ■Uiaaoe, obaamd tba miaiatar, wwnid be 
 highly advaatiigaoaa to Bnglaai^ iaaeuodi 
 as tiie Dnka at CSevaa bad jmtanaioba fb 
 
 .1, .i» 
 
 (») Lin 
 
 Lioffud. 
 
 LeQiNid. 
 
 li|gil>T«mHist 
 
 H^^ 'w|W' 
 
 
 VIW. 
 
 the duchy of Qneldere, and bis eldeal 
 daughter was married to the Dulte of 
 Saiony. who would keep the forcee of 
 Charles V. employed if ever there ahould 
 b« • war between the Emperor and Henry j 
 political reaaona which Cromwell developed 
 with teal, and which appeared to makr aa 
 impraasion on the mind of hia maater.jd) 
 But Cromwell kept in reaerve one argument 
 by which he calculated on overcoming tha 
 irresolution of the senaua 1 monarch, via. 
 the portrait of the princeea, painted on 
 ivory by Hanc Holbein. Anne was in bar 
 a4th ysar, and tha wrtiat had represented 
 her aaa real Sunbian beauty, such as are 
 mom frequently to b« seen in German 
 boetehries than at the court of princta.(*) 
 He had given her a fair oomplaaion. auburn 
 hair, thick and nay lips, and a lively air in 
 every feature. Unfortunately, the original 
 was not equal to the portrait i and the artist, 
 had he wiahad. could trntainly not copy the 
 mark* tb«t the am«]l.pox had left on tha 
 oountenaiioe of thia masculine beauty. 
 
 The kiag, deceived by the portrait, aent 
 • spleadidembaesy to sulaoit the hand of 
 the pnneeee.^) Tha elector of Bniony 
 did not at flret approve of the marriage ; 
 the atattiMi of tite SH Ariticles appeared to 
 him tnba fip a«tai3k,on that liberty of oo|t. 
 Wienee wbkbi i>s9tf|tanti«m hoped, after 
 tba fall 9f 4ai^MM«n> ^ introdm^ into 
 Snglaadaa it, Im|. How |nt« Gi|rm^y((f) 
 Bot CromweU kotmM in ofercomiqir 
 the sersplea «f tb«l i^nns, and, bad a? 
 difficulty )a pwnnadinff the confedemtip of 
 SmaVmlda dtat tbU nnioa vonld U • 
 deoided triamph for the Refonartio^. as ii 
 would plaoe oa the throne of Bnghmd a 
 princeea wboaa raligipus education bad 
 b«an ifiti:«stf4 to jHia: «f tb^ most ardent 
 and aeabns dMpIw oiylifOl^. ^» did 
 ■ot avow. |b« miaereaat, that hie otiJect 
 WW to maba aae of tba queen aa nn inatni. 
 mcnt tm tba suppression of Catholicism 
 which aenned to be reviving in Snglaad, 
 :Midth|ea|iiMl^t«gitia,th««*eend«bt. He 
 WVh mavmh m wall ae Henry, the dope 
 •f Haaa HttlbaiB. Had aot tha artise 
 
 
 Bumet 
 Voee. 
 
 
 mi- 
 
m 
 
 J. I 
 
 un o» ■■■•t ▼III 
 
 H«fT would pft-pi H*« *»«"<> • «"2 
 «o iBfl»«« the V-i-S*' P«"'«"» *»' "•• 
 
 •• EwythlBi l« W ta btmoUfttl.' wfou ha 
 M lh« MBOioM p»4«o»» "" ■"• " . 
 M bar form." Chrirtophaf Mount. th« 
 ^toh .mbM-dor. A.cMnd th. .h. 
 SI ta eo«p«l«n to th, oih« Udi« of 
 ^couutr, MU«.o.d-n--^^ 
 
 ■llTtry iuoon.(») »•» '"•»'7 H"- 
 bMuty t " Ertrj on. p«ta« ^" ' .1' 
 
 toioBCS U tbo ftithful mlrtof. (") aw 
 ZjSl «oBth.tp.»t in n.«otl.tloi.., ono 
 
 t^h^llo-'orih.Dak.ofSj.ony 
 ITd tb. Duk. o» Clm.. Ann.*. bfotb«. 
 
 Th. hint. OB hwiinf of »»»• l»"°Tf 
 Jlid MRW, on th. »lrt D^t^^, 
 
 n^ltn bunk hj Hm» Holb««a •««"» 
 Si;*S5L-i»Hofwb«.H«ryh|jd 
 
 •iMMwd Wh bdbr. h. wm r«!ognh»d, 
 
 _-!-^ ndvuMd and b«rt h« »•• 
 XSt^S-d--. tb- th. kin. 
 
 MlMd h« •* •»> c«B»idma Wm«.»f 
 
 STd ^.Smo. b«.(') 8'"f«>'; «;•,-, 
 
 « th.ir lnt.rpr.i.r. (or Ann. could only 
 .pMk 0.rmM. Th. conv.r..ll .n wM hul 
 oVThort d-nUion. H.nry r.l4r,a to h.. 
 room without h.trinu th. oour^' to pr.Mnt 
 Tth. pnnc... th. N.W Y.W. «ift. wh <h 
 h.h»l brought with hi.... '«"•"•'"« °'' 
 roff..wbl. ror. .nd . ...off. which -m 
 gjwn to h.r on th. following mom.ngd) 
 5 Wh.t do you think of h.r." lnqu.r.d th. 
 king of Lord Suffolk. wh«ra h. ^nt (or 
 A. following morning b.for. ..ttlng out 
 for Or^nwich » " T.ll m.. truly. >• A* " 
 fhlr .nd M b«tatlf«l u .h. hM »>.« "P"- 
 !Iat«l to m. r " 8h. i« not f.ir. replied th. 
 
 Zlr^"el.nbrun.tt.A'»).»««^»"»/ 
 E:dRaLllbyth.h.nd.H.nry..cl.lm.d« 
 
 "GoodOodl whom »n I tru.tJ 8h. • 
 not nt .11 l.k. th. portr.U th.t w« -•>*»» 
 Bw. It I. lnfkmoa.to «>•«•»«■?. ^"» 
 X d«M not pl«.io "» •» •"• <^ °" 
 « jThTbi... h. -Id. .hn>l«»»«,W. 
 t3S.«"i2rn«n.ortho^,udW- 
 
 in h.r thrt h.w bw f.prm«4«» ««»• « 
 Uw could «.« of gi**i*y ti»o. imidn 
 
 Qmnwieh. A fbw hoi« hrfW. hi. d«A. 
 Srmlnlrt.r i^tetad th. htototy 0* hta mu^ 
 
 ^Snth th. king on tW. o««rio.. "« 
 S^ta.«ryr-«.ntob.li.».ih-t.rt«n^ 
 of . »M wko WM .hwut to w^ »»•*« 
 hi. God. UwM.oonlwmon th^h.w« 
 MMrtMl to «.k..«id which h« did «.k., 
 EHSop-t. of it «. vetaUKl n Um- 
 ^ oMnraM. of which th. Lwn Im«um» 
 
 '-t.?::t.":;rrto^^ 
 
 Jib. 
 
 III i<n|H«> 
 
 «U«c4, Ihnt h. took h.r not {^»*l! ^JJu* 
 to of iThiown eo»p»«to«~»'««* »"^"' 
 
 ^?k Aj^ T.t IfiEhw not.— lb. 
 
 ■2«» "«* '•?SSh^ *3Li!? ^^^ 
 
 .,.^(a**«>,- 
 
I 
 
 tin w RiNRT riti. 
 
 
 I conakltTMl Wmwilf 
 >tr.(') Saffolk Mwd 
 
 for Ann* cooM nnly 
 I coiiv«r»»lk"n wM bu» 
 
 Hsnry wl4r«d to hii 
 ;thi0oura««topr«Mnl 
 
 ><tw Yew's Kift* "»''«•> 
 » hlin, coniiiilng of a 
 d • muff, which w»w 
 ( followinR morninnd) 
 k of h«r," »nquir«d lb« 
 Ik, whom h« miH (or 
 ,\ng Uton ••ttlng out 
 
 r#ll mo. iruJy. i« •'»• " 
 1 H tha hM b«tn rcpr«- 
 h«U not r«if, replied tho 
 
 irunetto/'C) •«»«> *•'''"« 
 h»nd. Henry exoWmed! 
 
 n CM I truitl Shell 
 
 portrait th«l wm ••«» U> 
 
 uito daceWa me thuii 
 
 lee me tt ■»."(>) On 
 
 ., he eidd. •hruKRinff hU 
 
 none of thoet qoriltiee 
 
 baan reprneiiCad to me t 
 
 of gmviiy thoi doMife 
 
 Kwutiag their aniral it 
 w houn before hie deMh. 
 A the hletoty of hie inter- 
 tf on lUe oraasioB, end 
 an to beliwe the teetjmoaj 
 •e about to appear before 
 a oonfeaeion that lie wee 
 e,aadirb»chbedidmake. 
 
 { it are related in terms 
 which the La«nlaB«tta«e 
 
 Wii ahall act aa UolbM 
 mot reproduce the true 
 
 uoner had the •««« 
 Mw be preeoed kirmti to 
 Ukedtheqtieen. "Sheli 
 IS iMHMeented to me, eaw 
 oonfaaed. "HEdlkBOWi 
 
 a U» i^d >«* •^■'^ 
 . took her not ft>rWr. bet*. 
 
 •Cl 
 
 her not.— lb. 
 
 Il5ar»elthatwif»»^«««^ 
 rt,a»th5r bara «■• ■■"*• 
 
 •doner what I now know, the thould Be?er 
 have eome to BnifUnd. What ie jrour 
 aiivice on the (ti)tjaoi t "(■) Cromwiill 
 •hook hie head and made no repljr. On 
 the folicwing day. Anns of Clares made her 
 dihui at Greenwiohi and, thia time, the 
 monarch adranoed to meat the rainitter.(k) 
 " Well," aaked ho, with an air of triura|>h, 
 " my dear lurd, am I not right } You majr 
 •ay what 70a «-ill, aha it not ao beautiful 
 aa aha waa deeoribed to roe 1 modeat aha 
 may be."(«) Grorawell waa forced to admit 
 the truth of hi* macter'a obaerrationa. 
 « What ia to be done then t " added the 
 king I " ie there no remedy r Am I quietly 
 to aubmit to the yoke, and allow myaelf to 
 be bound r'C) Thi« queation waa im- 
 portant, and Cromwell did not immediately 
 reply. The council aaaembled. and aoug ht 
 in ndn for a ph» by whioh the marriage 
 might be broken off. It waa urged that 
 Anne bad been promieed in marriage to 
 the Marquis of Lorrtin*. bat no contract 
 had been aigned, and tbe Privy Councillora 
 had great diflkulty in eonrincing Henry 
 that such an engagement entered into 
 without the ooneent of the partiee, and 
 before either of them bad attainvd the age 
 of reaaon, could not reieaae hia m^ty 
 from hia engagemente. Anna of Clevea, 
 on being examined, rapliad that ehe was 
 perfectly free when ehe promMsd her hand 
 to the King uf England. Cmmwell, mor»> 
 over, reproaentad, that Henry could not 
 •end her back withnrat inearring the dis- 
 I'leaiure and hatred of the oonfederatee of 
 Smalkelde, whilst Charlea V. would no 
 doubt fbrra aerae plot againat bim at Ihria. 
 Henry waa therefore compelled to ra«ign 
 himnelf to hie fate. The nuptial ceremony 
 was pwformed on the 0th of January, ISM, 
 but it was cold and eorrawflil. On the 
 following day, hia ma|aaty attoaded the 
 council with a d«}w>tod ooantananee, ao 
 that Cromwdl ocaroely dared spaak to bim. 
 To an indirect queation from hia ininiater, 
 Henry candidly replied that hia aversion 
 for hia wife wacaa gnat then aa it h«l been 
 
 fs) Epiat. Orsmv. Boi' .— MSS. Brit Mw. 
 -Oiho, 0. nt. 
 C*) HalL 
 (•) Id. 
 
 when he flret saw her. and that aha r*» 
 
 mained tha aama aa on the day of her land* 
 ing ai Dover. For several mitnihe, how« 
 ever, elie continued to ehara hia bed| 
 aUhoiigh, if any oredit ia to be given to hi4 
 aaaertione, he treated her with the utraoat 
 eontempt.(*) Anne apent her lime in sewioif 
 and embroidering. Mhe pueeeaaed none of 
 tboae arte wbtoh are calculaud to captivate 
 a husband i ihe could neither dance, eing. 
 nor paint, titry different In thie recpeot 
 from Anne Boleyn and Jaoa Seymour 1 aba 
 did not undersund a word either of Engliab 
 or Latin, ao that whole morninge were spoat 
 without her being able to eiohange a word 
 with her royal huaband.(' ) Her ignorance of 
 Ihe Bngliah language waa, however, a (br- 
 lunata oircumatanca for her, aa aha waa 
 thereby epared from the cutting remarka of 
 tha oourticra t but it muat have been a aor« 
 annoyance to the bridegroom not to be abla 
 to torment, with hia bitter aaroaama sad 
 groee expreeeione, a poor cmatura whoa* 
 unpardonable fbult waa that of not being 
 handaorae. Holbein waa fortunately ia 
 Oermany. It ie itnpoeaible to aay what 
 might have been bie fate, had he at thia 
 period been in Haary'a powav. Norfolk, 
 together with the biahope who atUl adhered 
 to the Caiholio cause, at the head of whom 
 waa Qardinor, were in bopee that thia mar* 
 ragti wauld have deatroyed Cromwdl't 
 influanoa. Tha uainitter'e IhU was destined 
 to be haatenad by a theolugieal dieeneaion. 
 Qardinor. in a aermon praaohad at St. 
 Paul'a Croea, had made uae of violent lao^ 
 giiage i,gainat ceruin preachan who advo* 
 eated the Lutheran d<ictriao of (Uth 
 without works. A few ilmym aft«rwarda, 
 Barnee, who had denoi^ced Lambert, 
 aacendad the pulpit aiid tilefeaded tha 
 Saxon creed, lauuhinii at the egotietis 
 individual named Qorriinier, who wiebed to 
 be the keeper of the gat-dan of the Lord* 
 and bad not arms to defend it(r) Tha 
 king aent for tha preacher, admoniakad 
 him, diapnted with him, and aucaKodad in 
 obtaining fkvm him the promiae of a pufdie 
 retractation. Bomee, on the 4th of April, 
 apoiogiaed to Gardiner, and oommenoad « 
 
 (s) MartinellL 
 
 (') Sir AnUk Brown's Depoe.— -bu^iia^ 
 
 Fox. 
 
 r% 
 
 <-a.tftoi««*W>««*t^taV J»lttW* CT WW¥W'* > '*.W«W* ■»*■-' 
 
hi ■ 
 
 I- 
 
 840 
 
 tin or ■■»•? fill. 
 
 Mwond *lUflk upon tin AoHAm of worki i 
 llib wu eonaidcnd ■ dir«<'» '"•"'» *o '*»• 
 difnitf of tht kinf . who eoit«*<|MB«ir •wt 
 hira to lh« Tower. to||«th«r van hi* Mwini- 
 plicM, Jeronw wid (Strniit.l •) lUreei wm 
 on* of thi crwkturM and *mitti mUiUHiariwi 
 roploytd ! J Cromwell in Utrmanj (») 
 VThfcl. it WM ukMl, ooulJ b« th* ortho- 
 doiy of • •t*««in>»n who trnpioywl •Hwnt* 
 |flfr<:t«d with (h« Suon doctrinti i Henry 
 «u tnfbrm'd of thtM procMdlnxt. tnd 
 Mut for Cromwell. AfUr M*«ml lnUrTi«w», 
 ha WM r«itof«d to roy»I favour, mueh to 
 th« •nn.jytnc* of Torftol, Blthop of 
 Durham, and Cairfc*- BUhop of Bath, who 
 w«r« eont tiding fo. il.(«) Cromwell, to 
 te tnm haTing fkllen, iMmad mora power- 
 ful than avar. At tha opanlng of PmU*- 
 ment. on tha Hth cf April. 1540. ha took 
 hla acouetomed eaat in .he Uouta of Lorda. 
 tha bcnrar of a royal maaaaga. Aftar the 
 Chancellor had Informed tha houea of the 
 notivaa for which thay had baar. a»Bamblad, 
 Gromwall roaa from hie ee» and addreaead 
 tiiem te the Vice gerent, deeply drploring 
 the inttrnal diaMnaiona which were at that 
 lima deaoktlng tha country. " On the one 
 kM>d. audacity and licantlouanaaa i on tha 
 other, euperatition and obatinacy have 
 «ooaaionad dlaputaa that are deplored hy all 
 •ma ChriaUana. Wharafora ahould there 
 a;aat ikoaa opprobloua epitheta of Papiato 
 and hwratiea. hy wlliich Chriatiana are oon- 
 ttaatly Inaalting ona aootharf Tha dif- 
 faraat parlieaara abuaing tha indnlgenea of 
 Ilia najaaty, who haa placed in their handa 
 tha Scripturea, tranalatad into tha vulgar 
 tongue. Inalaad of making them tha rule 
 of their fidtk, aom* parvait them in order 
 to Juatlfy ;hair exoNaae, othara to And an 
 •xeuaa for their brutal pnio^oaa. With 
 a view to ranady Iheae avila. tha king haa 
 •ppointad two «ommitteaa of preUtea fend 
 dodto'-«, comrniaaionad to dia«r ip a nik 
 fit (kltn. The pralatee ara the Archbiabopa 
 •f Canterbury and York, the Biahopa of 
 London. Durham. Winehaater. Bocbeatar. 
 Baraford. and St. David'ai the doctora an 
 Thirlby, Bobiaaon. Coi, Day, Oglathorp, 
 lUdiaaya, Edgworth. Crayford. Byounona, 
 t. i . 
 
 Kobine, and Traahaia. Hit 
 aliu iioin'.naUii othor flofi) «K.««fa l» 
 aianiiaa the cer«iiu*nl«i, ii' ti ^Je upua 
 Ihoaa that are to he aboUminl moi ihoee 
 that ara to Im retained. Thaa* ^niinia- 
 •ionare «re the Biahopa of Bath. Ely, Salia. 
 bury. C'hicheat*^ W. -tUr. and Uandaff. 
 Tha king now ■• !)«alt to the mcinbere of 
 kka Parliament i ^ »rtll lie (ortliem to tnart 
 panaltlae againat thoaa who ahail treat tha 
 Scripturea with Irreverence, or twlat their 
 aenaa ao aa t<> derive ttota them all aorta of 
 abaurd oommentariaa.'H') 
 
 Cromwell tarmlnatad hie apaach by an 
 aulogiu.n on the king, " whoaa praiaoi no 
 human mouth oould JuaUy celebrate i" and 
 thia tiratle waa received with unanimoua 
 applaoaauC) Tha orator obtained tha 
 graataat aucoeae i and the Speaker, in hw 
 reply, aaaertad, tliat the Vice-garaat da- 
 aervcd to ba tha Vicar-general of tha 
 univ«rM.(') Thia waa a oompleU triumph 
 for Cromwell, if we may jadga hy tha new 
 fiivoura that wan eonforred on him by the 
 king one after another. Ha Ural obtaiaad 
 tha granting of three roanore, ariaing fVom 
 th«> aiippreeaed monaatariee, the revenuaa <d 
 which would enable him, fer ha waaaxooad> 
 iagly liberal, to ailanca more than ona 
 anamy. Uia title of Earl of Eeaax waa 
 ra-Mtobliekad io hie fhvour on the 17th of 
 AprlU and tha oflloa of Lord Chambariala 
 added to thoaa' which ha already poa- 
 aeaaad.O But Ua anamiaa ware atUl on 
 the watch, and tha king had again marrad 
 their ptota. On tha »th of May, he wrote 
 a praaaing Mtar to hia dear and wali-bdovad 
 ootuln, bagging him in tha noat affeetiooata 
 tame to coma to him immediately. " It ia 
 a qoaetton." aaid hia mi^ty. "tooriiing 
 tha aaourity of our perwm, tha praattv ation 
 of our bMKrtir. of your rapoaa and trau. 
 qoiUUy, aad of tk« waUan of our dear 
 aobJ«(^ aa I will a.;...kun to you when I 
 aea you."0') It la not knowa what paaaad 
 
 
 (a)LtOraai 
 
 ■ -» -If. 
 
 it) 8tow. — Lia^rd. 
 
 (fcS Right, mutye and rl^t waU bUeved 
 eoQab. *iFa<a v«^ well. aigniQrinf unto ye- 
 onr alaaaMr and commaataant ya. that ferth- 
 ^ Minon Maaft of tUaae aw letter. 
 •^ aB oiCii aMtaa a vart. ya 4m> repaiw 
 
 ♦• ■• 
 
 ..i^mtmm. 
 
ura or ■ixiT vifi. 
 
 841 
 
 tia. Hi« 
 h«r oonif ••loiMrt »• 
 unlea, •!> • <!• up4Mi 
 
 )• •boUmml a-nd ihoM 
 •tnad. TJnM aoiBrei*. 
 lopa of Balk. Ely, 8«l)«- 
 VoxftWr. tad Lknilaf. 
 «•!• to Ihe in«inb«r« (»( 
 will li« for Uian (« *n»<^ 
 loM who ihaU trwit tb« 
 r«v«ran«*, or t«ri«t their 
 r« from ihaiu »ll M)*!* el 
 
 naMd hi* ipMch hj m 
 king. " whoM pniMi no 
 1(1 jiMiiy cal«br«ta i " and 
 icetvvd with anantmoot 
 I orator obtdnad tb« 
 wd tb« Spaakar, In hka 
 hal tba Vica-garairii dt^ 
 I Vkar-ganaral of kha 
 I waa a ooinptaU triumph 
 ra may JadMa hy tha naw 
 eoofernd on him by tha 
 lothar. Ha Aral obtaiaad 
 irca manora, ariatng tnm 
 Daaateriaa, tha ravaatiaa tt 
 l)la him. for ha waai i aaa A 
 
 iilanca mora than ona 
 a of Earl of EaaaE waa 
 hia tvrwu on tha 17th of 
 Bca of Lord Cbanbariain 
 whUsh ha already poa- 
 hia anamiaa wara atUl oa 
 M kin(( bad a«ain mairad 
 tha 9th of May, ha wrota 
 to hia daar and wall-bdovad 
 bim in tha noat affaelionati 
 > him immadiataly. "hit 
 id hia mi^ty. "tooriiteii 
 or peraon, tba praafrr ati o n 
 of your rapoaa and trau* 
 
 tiMwalfHW of oar daar 
 iriU a^^kin to yon when I 
 ( ia not known what paaiad 
 
 ingard. 
 
 utta and ri^t waU bilavad 
 
 you watt, aigni^rinf onto yM 
 d oommaadmant yii that fefth- 
 
 naapt of tUaaa mn toUcr. 
 
 i*btaaavoit,ya itanfi" 
 
 m thta tntorviaw. tn whi«h tha princa h*d as 
 •minably tiivttad hi* g<xxi mtuatn, nor what 
 (ha important affair waa which ao daaply 
 intaraaUd tha iniMiarehy, tha klnf , and bla 
 urcii-lraiovad aubja«t«. It may, howavar, 
 b« aMily roncaivail, for, a tuf ilaya aflar, 
 Crumwall proaantad to Parliainant aavaral 
 liillai ona far piittinM H«nry In poancaaion 
 of all tha proparty balunittnn totha hmghta 
 of 8l. John of Jariiaalam t anoth** for 
 obtatiiinK from hit aubjaota a aobaifly of 
 fi iiir-tantha and fuur-ftfUianiha, indaprndant 
 of itx par Rant, on the landad rtntal, and 
 Hrr pn cant, on inar«han<liaa and all mova- 
 abla prmparty i a tMrd f«r obtainlnn fh>n 
 tha clarf y a gift nt two-4antha, and Iwanty 
 I ar ctni. on their raranii<>8 for tha tarin of 
 two yaara. Tha ipiniatar ohtamad what h« 
 takad for, undar thi pratvit that Hrnry had 
 baan at grant aipanaa in gonrding tha eoaat 
 it(«inat My Poplah Invaabn (*) The ahada 
 of Piila had baan of wondarfal aanrica in 
 noonding Crumwaira «loquenca.()>) 
 
 'I'ha mioiatar, alavatad by auecoao, aent 
 Biebard 8a!npaon, BInhop of Chiehaatar, 
 bi iha Tower, on avapioion of havind tkuu>- 
 doaad tha AngUcaif Church to rainm to 
 Cathohoiam,(*) and Doctor Wilaon, a 
 Luthataa in diagoiaa, who had openly 
 ttiaehad tha atatnia of tha Six Articlaa. 
 Ha had tha inaolanoa to thrantaa with tha 
 kiog'a anger the Duka of Norfolk, and tha 
 Biabopa of Durham, Winehaator, and 
 Baih, hia grahtaat eaamiaa<<) Ood had 
 blindad him. Tha p att aana nf hia anamtaa 
 waa not, howaear, aihaoatad. Katheiina 
 Howard, tha daughter of Lord Edmnnd 
 Howard, and niaaa of tha Dnka of Nnr> 
 (oik, prored a flt InatraoMnt far their yen- 
 geanea. Still In tfaa iowar of bar youth 
 and bamty, Mntherina ted, In a fiw daya, 
 aaquired ao grant an hniuenoa over the mind 
 of the monaralk aa to bnnainly inatntmantnl 
 
 unto oa for tlie trealya of aueke great and 
 waighitti laattera, aa where wmr dotbe eoaakte 
 tha auretie of our peraen, lae pieaerraUAn of 
 oor henour and the tmumilTtle and onieuieai 
 of yon and all other en# loving and fii^ihafhn 
 lubgietta. like it, at yonr arynl bete,' ye tball 
 more playneiy pereeyrA and uuderetande.— 
 MH8.litne,6.«M.^ 
 
 (•) WUbta^ OoMite; 
 
 (k) Hnme. <► 
 
 •) Siata PaaaN, I^ 817.— fltrype, Mem. 
 
 ," I Le Onu[id.->Llaga(d. 
 
 in efTaAting the ruin of Cromwell.f*) Henry 
 did not haiitata to aacnflca a favourite d*- 
 t«*tad by the ariatocraoy, the olargy, and 
 tha Parliament j he had no longer any need 
 of him, and, more«)rer, ha might eo«pr(>> 
 miaa tha king ihniugh hia aaknowMgad 
 |Miri itlity towarda (ha (icrinan Lulherana. 
 Inataail of eratohing over tha integrity of 
 tha Anglican creed, he openly favoured (ha 
 heretica, and what waa woraa atlll. ha had 
 bean Ihe oounaellor of a marriage that waa 
 detaatabia to the monarch. Anne had for 
 aome lima been aware of hia rai^eety'a 
 intention to drrorca her, and llanry eu»- 
 peotad hia favMtrlta of having betrayed him 
 to the queen. 
 
 But that faithlaaa aonl wu in poaaeaaion 
 of aeorata that Denry oouUi not allow him 
 t<i carry into eiila. A piare of ground, anob 
 aa waa granted to WoUay at Ether, waa not 
 to be the tot of Cromwell i be waa deatined 
 to have hM toiii^ on Tower Hill. A atroka 
 nf the aie would enable the eoTereign to 
 take poeeeeeion of all the wealth that (ha 
 fliinleter had amaeqad during hia long 
 admtniatration. The well-l>«loved o»uaia 
 waa now tnmafnrmed into a traitor ( 
 Crocnwall did not auapect the part that tha 
 king had atgned with the Norfolk fbction. 
 On the 10th of Juno, at three o'clock ia 
 the afternoon, he went with hie naual 
 Ntinua to tha Houae of Lorda. Hia aea^ 
 waa ready for him ; tha peeri aalutad him 
 with a amlk i h^nt down, and eaat a paea^ 
 ing glanoa at adiaa pnpore, when the Duka 
 of Norfolk, aeiaing bim by the arm, taid > 
 ** 1 arraat you, in tba klng'a name, aa guilty 
 of high treaao«.(' )" The aheriff waa wai^ 
 big at tha do«r to take the Viee-gerent td 
 tha TowwN Cromwell acted nobly i b# 
 ottered not a aingia word. KtngatonbiMt 
 recwifvad ordara to |dace him in tba oeU 
 whkh bad been previoualy occupied 1^ 
 Sir Tbomaa More. What a number of 
 iUwArioua goeata the lieotaaant bad r»> 
 •alved daring the laat flffcaen yeara I 
 ' A finr dajra inSead to collect aulBeianI 
 avidenoe to oonriot Cromwell. Aa Prima 
 Miniater, ha waa aceuaed of haring ra> 
 oeived bribea ; of baring intrenehed on tha 
 royal anthofttf 'bf ItMiing commiaalmu 
 
 (•) Todd. ; 
 
 (') Tha Lifii of Cromwell, Boolaa. Bmi, 
 
 ^r^ 
 
 M« 
 
i 
 
 •41 
 
 un or NKNtv vnit 
 
 •r«, p«rd<>iiln|i llio«« who \%%4 \M»n 
 ^_.j.UiniHid, irtnUiid IWtniM lot t\f •«• 
 ^gf^^^ff^ ,;/ anMi*, <mrn; Knra«a, •mi pro- 
 lllbitod mtrth«ndw«» of •i«m|»«ing n*U»«« 
 ind for«l||iMir« fonn •h* ^ihl of »wlt. A« 
 Vl««r-ii«n«f*l. h« WM •rmi'<«l of h«»i»«i 
 nfM-nlf |iroWol«d h«r«tiet. cifcul«ud •mon« 
 lH« p«0|)U r«riou« lr«i-»« In which lh« R»»l 
 PrM#iie« WM d«ni«d, p^rnniud U«rmM 
 mlMk>a«rU« to p»«ieh lhtl» 4Mi||«roiM 
 d»Hrin««. iMutd ord«M to th# •hariffii, in 
 lh« kiofi nwn«. to llb«r»U harttiM, and 
 of h»»inn hImMlf tMmUii ih»» •♦•ry 
 Cliriatitn had m mui.]i powar ■« IIm prtMl 
 16 «ont*«r«to and admintatar tha guaha* 
 rlal.(*) Aa VlaaniaiaBt. ha wm aectiaad of 
 Miortlon. II waa taid thai, balaff pro«id 
 of tha waallh ha had arquirad hf pUUfftnf 
 tha paopU. ha had alwajri acted with inao- 
 lanoa inwarda Iha ariatooraay t and aa a 
 proof tl Ihia eharfa. It araa tUlad, that oa 
 Mm 3 1 at of January, I53fl, whan raquaaud 
 to laoambar hia hunihla oriffin, ha had 
 rtplkid thai if tha ariatocrarj tntendcd to 
 mat hia ae dladalnfullf, ha would Rita 
 than aoah a braakfaat aa wm navar bafora 
 •ada In Bnclaad^'^) 
 
 Is |MOaf of tha ninM of traaaon, it waa 
 •Iknad that on tha laat day of Mareh. 
 1899, balnff lo a pariali ol Undon, eallari 
 •t. Polar of tha Poor, complalnto waio 
 Itoofht lo hii» acainat oiTtaln praachara, 
 ■ad aoMBcat othara affainat Dr. Baroaa, 
 Wd that ha had ra|diad that tbay praachad 
 tiM Word of Ood. that ho ahnuld ha proud 
 to dafhnd thair doetriaa acainat all. avaa 
 Um klnff Uaaaoir, ahould tka prioea avor 
 ibaadoB it] that If aucb ««ra to ba tb« 
 •MO, tboy would aao hiaa. avord in hand, 
 dahadlnc it at tha parU of hia Ufct and 
 braadiahioff bis aword, bo bad axekthMd 
 tbal bo viahod tbay would piarea hia haoit 
 If bo war* Ml feaad raady lo dlo la that 
 (lorioaa atragglai andthat tlM kiaff. OKm* 
 MPor, ia tha cooraa of aaoibar yoar woald 
 M loaf ar baya it la hia powor to oppoao tho 
 
 (a) Banial. 
 
 (k) Thai if tha 
 ho would (ira thaoi 
 waa mada ia Bi 
 fltaibB.I.,Ua. 
 
 would hnmhia him m. 
 
 ■nch ahniakCui aanavar 
 ,— Brit. Mua. MttN.. 
 
 prottanatloo of tha Dttrioa Wofd.<«) Whal 
 ttiiraaaonahU aiallcal Kv*n auppa«ia< 
 ihaM aharrM had haan pouvad. C>u«wttl 
 waa not flutuy of traaauu. To Impiita aa a 
 orlHM lo • miniaiar thai h« had •lamplad 
 forttgnara from tha right «»f vUtt i ihal b« 
 had alluwad iha t«p«rt»ti<Ht of corn, and 
 thr>alanad lo fl»a tha paara a ba.l br«»h. 
 fMl, WM hut a poor a iblarfuga if htatory 
 ouuia brine no olhar aharga anainti 
 Crotawatl, ha m<ghl earUinly h« « iiiuitltrtd 
 Iha UMMl upright uninialtr vhat Knifland 
 avar poaaaaaad I 
 
 Una maoiliar alona of Iha Priry diiuncil 
 app««r«d lu cominiaaraia (<romwtll, «nd 
 that waa Cranra»r i bul ihia ap(far«ni piijr, 
 Uka tha aai of aeouaatinn. waa noihtni( hut 
 a moohary. Craniaor thua WMla to tha 
 king I " Cmmarall a traitor I Ha who la 
 Inilablad (o your m^aaly fur all thai ha 
 haa I who baa no f -iand bul ymt iiu^aaly | 
 who kivad your lui^taty aa much aa Uad| 
 who had no uihar daatfa than that «f 
 plaa«ing yuur uu^atyi iha moat pro. 
 drnt. tha moat actira, tha moat darulad. 
 tha moat faithfiil aarrant that any aora- 
 raifni aver hadi ha who wu ao attantiva 
 ia walohing o««r yoar aafity. that no aounav 
 arar a conapirany plotitd than it waa dia- 
 eovarad I Ah I if ihria« pnnoaa of glorioua 
 ■Minory. Hanry II.. John, aqd Richard II., 
 had had auch a couQaallor, th«y would not 
 haro haan ao crually botrayad. ao odioaaly 
 daaartad t 1 hiva him aa ny-friand t aad I 
 aaloam him tha oMra on acoounl of hia 
 attaohmant and davotadnaaa to your 
 maMr- If >* *>* poaaihia that ho oaa 
 hara hatraytd yoo. I ahall faal aorry Ihal 1 
 avar iovod him, or coaldad in him i birt I 
 am bappy, howavar, that hia traaaon haa 
 baaa dloooverad ia tima. But if Ciumwdl 
 baa foally batrayad you. in whom can your 
 gtaoo in ftttura oonfidaf Oh I my Ood, 
 
 (a) Tha tlh arti«U ataiaa. that oa iho Slal 
 March, 1&3». on baing lold that of oartafai 
 naw praaehaia, aa RoSart Bamaa and athai^ 
 wma waNcommiltad to tha Towar for praa«h< 
 tog againal tha kinft'a ;>r«oUmaitoa. Cronwail 
 aiclalmad, if tha king would turn flroa ii. yal 
 I would not itua. And if tha kiuadidtara 
 aad all Ihia peopt*. I would Bght in tha AaM iai 
 Aina own paraon, with my aword ia my hand, f 
 •gainat him £Jid aU othaaa, *a.~Bril. Maa.. 
 lW B. I.. Md. 
 
 i 
 
 .ttssai 
 
 iwriffmiiiBiiMiniiiiiiiti^^ " ""''' 
 
r 
 
 k«| Bvtn cupixMinf 
 
 r«Muu. To tmpiita M ■ 
 
 thtti h« h*<( •itmiiUd 
 
 • ri||hl <>( vUil I iHal h* 
 
 '«portati<») «f corn, (nd 
 
 lb* p«»r« ■ bail brMk- 
 
 « • ibterfugt If hittory 
 
 aih«r abarg* m*'"** 
 
 I ecrUlnly be i iiittidtrtd 
 
 idiiDtaUr %b«t tiiiilUiMi 
 
 m« of tb« Prtvy Cavnetl 
 niMraM Oomwtll, and 
 I bul ihit apiMranl pity, 
 uMlion, WM no(htni( hut 
 tmar Ihut wMt« to tb« 
 
 • IniUor I Ht who It 
 
 mt^ntf fur ail tbai ha 
 fitnd but your iiu^aalyi 
 ui^tNty u much u Uodi 
 ir datti^ than that of 
 u^atyi iha noil pro. 
 ttiva, Iha moat darutad, 
 
 aarrant that any tora- 
 ha who wu an ittantiva 
 o«r uMj. thftt M aounar 
 plotttd than It waa dla- 
 ilinaa priinoai of flortoua 
 I., John, aqd Richard II., 
 HiDaaUor, they would nut 
 lly batrayad. ao odiooaly 
 Um aa ny-Arknd i aad I 
 Bora on aeoounk of hit 
 
 davotadnaaa to yeur 
 M poaaibia that ba oan 
 I. I ahall faal aorry tlliat 1 
 If cooldad In him i hiit I 
 <rar. that bia traaaon baa 
 n Uma. But if CiQinwaU 
 (1 you. in whom can your 
 oonfidaf Obi my God, 
 
 Ida aUtaa, that oa Iha Slil 
 tMlag told that of aaitatai 
 Robart Bamta aad viktn, | 
 tad to tha Towar for |iraa«h< 
 iVa ;>roolamaikNi. Oromwalll 
 Udi would turn from it. yati 
 And if tha kiuf did tuml 
 , I would Bgbt in tha Md tol 
 with my aword i« my han4 1 
 01 sibaia, Aa^Biit. Mat.. 
 
 1 
 
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1 
 
1 
 
 Lin or MMtT ▼»!. 
 
 how I thouM pUy yoor gfM«, tar yoo 
 would no lofiKcr It* able to trait any on*. 
 I pmy to God niRht and d»y to wnd yoo k 
 faithful Mrvaot, a minliMr that will watch 
 owr yon with the cvma love and aolieituda 
 aa Croniw<ll."(>) 
 
 At tba time of the trial of the Countaaa 
 of Rallibury. Cromwell aaked tha JudRee 
 whttber a peraon acouaad of high treaaon 
 could not he declared iTUtlty without any 
 o( ilioae Judicial forma whioh, in all civi- 
 Haed nationa. protect tha Ufa of tha sltiaen. 
 Tba reply waa, that a bill of Atudnder, 
 paaeed by the auprema ennrt would IcRally 
 condemn to tba loaffold a paraon acouaad of 
 traaaon. Cromwell requeated that ha miffht 
 b« tried befoi« hiapeera j hia petition waa 
 rejected, a-ad tha court decided on (taaaing 
 a hill of AtUinder axainat tha miniatar. 
 An act of iniquity, of which Cromwell in 
 hia priaon complained to Kingaton i aa if 
 be had not himaelf aolidted the aama pro. 
 caeding againat a woman of aeranty yaata 
 
 (a) Todd. 
 
 of aga I Taeilna would than hava aeinow 
 ladged tba axiatanoa of a Dirina Proridano*. 
 Tha WU paaaad thraa raadlnga. Al th« 
 Irat, tha arebbiahop wm not praacnt, bol 
 ha attended at tha aeoond, and alao at th# 
 third, whan ha pronounced tha aant«ne«, 
 OciLTT. Hie letter to tba king in hmw 
 of CromwaU ia datwl Hth of June, hia 
 vote for hia death, the 19th of the aamo 
 month. Tba biU waa onanlaoutly laaaed 
 by both Houaea (k) On tba a4th of April, 
 Parliamant caauiad Cromwell tha h* do* 
 eerred to ba Vicar^ganaml cf tba world I OS 
 tha I9ih of Juno, H ooadanutod Uan to th« 
 acaffold. 
 
 (k) ••Oraamer." eaya Boraet, "waanot te Oo 
 Howe when Cromwell waacondemaadi' vm 
 tbia ia one of the inn'^merabla errora of tM 
 hiaiorian of the Reformailoi.. The prlmata^a 
 pneenee and Ua wt* are ftilly pwad by tho 
 Joumala of the Honea of Lorda. "Fifydaya 
 aAerwawU," aaya Todd. " Cranmert panenr. 
 rUt, whelhrr convinced, or peiauaded. that tM 
 parity of the great ataieaman in cettain eaaao 
 twd Wa queettooabUj-damaar. en |hj 
 aacond and tWid readtop of ^^VXk of 
 ^^^ ii i . ff » agaioat hia, affaiod no i"— ~>* 
 
 CHAPTER XUI. 
 
 AMOTHBB DIYORCB.— IftlO. 
 
 «M««hed.— The* prcaoonee in llitoor of a diTone. Tka «|«aen a a aa m i ia w i— «ew «m ^ 
 ffwUaaent.— Kxeentioa of OromwelLp-HIa tharaater. 
 
 Tub (BagiMt of Cromwdl waa aooa to b* 
 fdlowad by tha lapoAadoB of Anno of 
 Qom. By tha liig'o ofd*r% aho wno 
 aaottoUdhmondtbitab* might haYoNM 
 bonaflt of ooontry tit, oa tha ooor» of 
 Groeawloh pralendad to laka great intaaart 
 
 in tha badth of tho qoooB. •« tho aomo 
 tin* that H attomptod to oaa»o Oaln on har 
 ehtiac r. H*«ywMth*lMtlg«orof tho 
 oril iap«»to that wan apraod, aad whieh he, 
 batter thaa aay OM oli^ ■»■* kM* knowa 
 
 tobop*rfbe4yfda*.(*) 
 
 ban bom dd(gh«*d to ataeonr thai 
 
 otboramridaahadiaaglil*! 
 
 aadar tho whidow of Amm of Obm whtti 
 
 inGamaayi bt. an lUto aat a^ y fct Hof, 
 th* daaghtar of tho Dnko of Qofto, wh«^ 
 *f«r tho king might whiapar in th* wr if 
 
 (a) H* baaely Impngaed her 
 ehtf had aot beea viitttooa wai 
 Ncaifad har kaadd— Bwaai)— II 
 Fisgin 
 
 '.aaif 
 
 h* 
 
 "■■p««n 
 
Ui 
 
 'tm w mamt nn. 
 
 hi* #i«te1iMl eoafldMit, «M |MM wlMB a» 
 kAbcrcooatey. WriotlMriqr, MM of (boM 
 IMfuritM. 'Mm Uv« ok Ibt brMil of Um, 
 btwiited, irHh tM» in Mi f^ tl«fM» «r 
 •a nnfortvBsta jprine* ePiaiw Il tJ to Ilv4 
 vitli » wontB whom h* voold Ml !•«•.(•) 
 H* «M llM im, it WM Mid. to ■■KRMt a 
 difona batwwa tha iB*waar*«^ eMi|»to. 
 ' In tha ba|laniil« of Mf, IB*6, tha 
 CbaaeaDor, fha AMhMibeip^ of Oantarbwy, 
 aad IbW d(har patta irafa aoeoMahraly aanl 
 to tha HiMua tt Loi^ " HavinH kaaa 
 ioBiateioiiad, M tha Iral Inatanaa." mM 
 ibay. "tOMKdthita tha iBairlaf[a» thajf now 
 ilk booad to atata tlwt from mora laaanl 
 iafcraatioii, thair baRU to antartain aariooa 
 daobta aa to tlia vnlUUtf of tha naioB." 
 Tbay tha» rf flta wqnaa t ad that, wHh tha royai 
 pan^Mion,«n inqtdrjr ahonliji ba iaitltwtad 
 
 bafon tha 4iPn> «l>o> '^^ ^1 *^ ^^^ 
 af tba Hdy Qhoal, ahoald ^lonowMa aa to 
 th« Validity ar invalidity of tha marriafa. 
 Tha tmd CAanaallor. tha Arehbiahop. (ba 
 Dahaa of NoHUk aad Sdblb. tha Karl ol 
 Aralhinipftoii, twtd tba Bi^op of Owrbaa^ 
 ««« dapatad ab maMrat^ to tha GAia- 
 BMoa to adiril thair ec-cpantion in tbii 
 inpoftarit alUr. Tha Coaaraona pramlaad 
 ihair aid, and appointad a dapntation of 
 thair ntambaira to aet in eo^Jnnotion with 
 IbaaooMittaaofthalloiuaorLurda. Tba 
 daputatioa proeaadad to tha pda^ and 
 bonbly aolieitad tha liing'a pamiadon to 
 aobait to bia oonaidaration a aab)aet »t 
 Hiaat daUcaey and iaportanea. Haarj 
 aaaaatad, on aondition that tbij weald pro> 
 poaa nodiiag to him that waa jnpyntom^ 
 ar oajoat. Ha )iataiiad to tba patitton, 
 
 pbkbtwiwd^nrtM Q^>fMiUaf»9lM»^ 
 
 »ii>faMag«wtty,andra| d ia d. t b a t hacot#. 
 nAiaa nothing to tba aatataa of Iha laataH 
 thrt tha dwiar. gnidMyqr tba Uffbt of, 
 Umm,mmi4m 'Igjyyy ** yj!??!S 
 
 MwMM «i«M oMiM iM>tMn«.if9to to 
 iMlftol tli* M ,bi«n» •*>«* <»»^M M 
 
 ; ^^ im li^^^m «* aod..*ba ■ ,»»«n»itt 
 
 : «i|,Ma paapWb«a4itba ttbu^b of tn^iV 
 
 (a) WriothfUay prtpuad iXii wrtot iha 
 ^oiea by lamMtiqi the uwa in ^M«k tha 
 >fttai'«biihMto MMCta ItMig batttd # • %ifa 
 ^XSm baaaaM »« te»»^--e«Wa.' ' ' ' . 
 
 '■' fk) liiHir r I Wink oT'ti*- 'tUmm-'tt 
 
 TUa aeana bad batn all pfa>anftn«ia4. 
 it wu written in iia fuUMt dataila, 
 tha anal indiaatioa of all iba oba* 
 
 aadavanlhaknRiMMiaof tbaaotaii% 
 
 to a tellar fton. Iha Prli7 Counall to Clarba, 
 dated Srd July, thraa daya pravkma to ite 
 baiaff parfbnaad ia tba Uaff'a palaaa.(*) 
 Tha lattar of eoavoaatioa to tba eUrgy waa 
 randy, and waa ralbMr tha paatoral of a 
 biahop Ihaa a royal eomaiaaiaa. Haary 
 daaiiad thai hU atargy ahoald aaaambto ia 
 a BBtiooal tyaod. aad balaff flltod with tha 
 Spirit of tha Lord, whoaa liffbt aad aid 
 ttiay w«ra to lavoha, ahoald fiva a daaiaioa 
 fbuadad oa a^aity. ttath, boaoor, aad 
 hidlaaaa, which bia BH^aaly would taka for 
 bia rala of coadaal What ha raf aaated 
 waa. that baing aMatbata of tha Oharab, 
 tbqr abonld aiaaiiaa tba quaatioa with tba 
 otoaaat Jnallea, oahnnaaa,aad patiaaaa(4) 
 Tba rayal aoaaiiaatoa. datad 6th Jaly, aad 
 addraaaad to all tba b'labopa in tha Uaf 
 doaa. aosld aol poaalbly raa^ tha pm$ 
 diatentaaaa bafota tba middle of tha month. 
 NolwUhatandlng tbia. on tha 9ih of Jnly, 
 aairiy oaa bundnid and Maty arebbtahopa, 
 biab<^ arriidaaeona. aad doctora of law 
 aad thaology, daaaa aad othar dignitariaa 
 of (ba Cbniab. aaaambiad al Waatmiaatar, 
 pcoaoaacad tha dlMolattou of (ha naniaga, 
 aad raada kaowa (hair dafiaioa to tba 
 
 Let oa aow lay bafera oar raadara (ha 
 motiraa oa wbiob thla AagUeaa Goaacil 
 foondad tba kgalily of tba divotaa. "Wa 
 aia of opiaioa thai (ba mairiaga batwaan 
 yowrawjaaty aad th§ aobla hwly. Aaaa of 
 davaa. ia vitialad, aaauUad and iovalklalad 
 bf,>w^'.>|a(ark>r 9fu\^mt balwaaa 
 
 thai 
 
 (<) Wiriilag tharaCm that yaa ibaaM ba 
 oapTohfd aad tamfti lata a.gMaial ayaa4 by 
 M? aaSortty. wa toaaatt and aatlMt (Mb 
 Saiga «a yw. teiMdwHy MdaMlaainify. 
 
 iiiat.la«Uaff tato «» J& gftafif tbf fn|fc 
 
 ina.'^toMb:. 
 
 of Uta Ctoawh#«M tfcai yaa giti to .t ga J lfi, 
 
i 
 
 f iMtn all pfMtmatN^ 
 Iw In iM fttUiM dMhU% 
 adiMtioa of aU Mm oIm* 
 M luf(iia««of Um Mtof% 
 I Prii7 CouBcU to ClwlM, 
 irM dajra prtvkMutoUa 
 in tbt kinff's |w1mo>(*) 
 aMtioa to tb« cUrgjr »M 
 nthw ttM pMionl of • 
 pi cooualHioB, Hmuj 
 imgj ahoMld UM«bto fai 
 mdboinffflUMlwMiiio 
 4, wboM UrIiI Md lid 
 It, alMMild fivo « dMiaioa 
 *y. tttttb, honoor, Md 
 m m^M»f would tako tor 
 tl WImI 1m nfOMMd 
 BMbtn of tht Chnrdi, 
 IM tbo qiMttkm with Um 
 •kniMM, Md pntioMo (<) 
 •ton. dniM) 0ih Jnly, nad 
 tho b'tabopa In IIm Ung* 
 poMlblr r«k^ Um qMlf 
 I tb« middls of tho nHmtku 
 ihii, on (ho 9ih of Jnl7, 
 id lad ilrtir trohbtahopi) 
 OM, nd dodon of Inw 
 at tad othtf dignlttritt 
 Mtmbltd tt WttlffilnttMr. 
 Moluttou of Iht ntniaiit, 
 • thtlr dtfitioB to tht 
 
 gr btfert oar wn d t w tht 
 ih tblt AnRlieta Goonttt 
 itj of tht divont. "Wt 
 itt tht nairitRO bt t wtt n 
 \h& Bohb hMiy, Aant of 
 .•aBuUtdnndlnvalldtttd 
 , «fM)^t hot* 
 
 ••1'. 
 
 trtCm thtt yon rtitiridbt 
 nt4 iaio ^ iwMinl tyaod Igr 
 
 I «MMnH uii miwm mt 
 
 tkS' IBM iials.ttf Um MMb^ 
 
 "^ ir?ttih£SUSSr^^ 
 
 Rte «| I Mfttfttinl tt^ 
 
 K iUt Twty tm««i|i» owtaN 
 fotd'ttM MttMlMMahnfe 
 
 d Uwi fw glti telMJjM 
 
 
 uyM ar ■■»» titi. 
 
 Ml 
 
 , tad tlM M tii i a t r of Lomint. 
 
 ladglaR from tbt protfl Att ktvt bttn 
 nihniittMl to at, wt ooatidtr thai Umn wM 
 not, tt tht tiat of yoor nMrritrt with 
 Aaat of Oltftt. fall, puit, pttfMl tad 
 tadat oiHHtat oa tht part of foor a^oMty i 
 jroa had btta dtetivad ia trdar to tatitt 
 jMi into thii tUitaca by titfitrnttd 
 attoantt of tn imaffinHt httaty, 1^ hfrpoN 
 bolioni rtprMMittlioM at fthaloai aitnw- 
 tiowi( tht a«t of tht tt l thta i lt n of tht 
 nMMpritgt WM wmag Ikom yoa by poUtleal 
 toealdtitttoBa, whilt lattflotly yoa wtrt 
 ■trofiHhNt HithNi (hit uaka.<*) Coif 
 ■Idtriaf thtrtlhrt that Ow MMfffit||t wat 
 nttiathtlrtt Inattatt toaaMniyMttd. aof 
 eoold ha ooaaaanattd ik» Wjt fMrttd, oa 
 teeoaal of a ttitoat ia^rjntea(,^Alh tht 
 pMitahM of whlth wa ha«a bt«a nadt 
 atqatiattd(k) t for thttt itatoaa andtMi- 
 iMtrtHoM, w% tht MchhMM|Mi» Mthop« 
 dtar/sarthdt8ttat.aada«h«r ■Mabtnof 
 thttlu|7» by tht taatv of thttt pntautt 
 dtolan thai yoof OM^trty k atl la tay way 
 booad by a iiiMfhigi fall mA laMMd. aad 
 thai, wHkMt taUbffMy o*^ oo«ntel.aaJ 
 rtfbniair tht OMtttr urthtaailMciiy of tht 
 Chtiri^ yoa ttt at Mhtrly to vmaHntk' 
 •aothMT laarriaRo with any oAar woiata 
 Thit la «ar dteMaa, ai th* MpHMMMMtvtt 
 ofthtelMfyaai Iht ItaMd Wtawuiioa 
 of Iha ABfUaaa OhuNh. aa« wa imim 
 oar MMMMMh «• %• «NMii Jnai, winlMbit aai 
 
 holy^ ■ ■ ' • ■■• 
 
 iRrbM Mrtiag^ilj riiiiHiiiTr"' vk war' 
 mhila'la mdi<(i<hli ttinaa ^' >j W »»a b il * 
 
 by«hbAai(taur«lM«r*«><^<>*'t'^'<*^ 
 of Htaryl Thty wara Mtt«bM:%« (b« 
 M af \I^,^kit*mU4mM» *t*w«tt 
 
 n aanai MwfeMMk hti muMiMMl tiM 
 ntMbata' af 'ih«' ayaai'^ Wy i Whum^ 'oa 
 
 
 tod •aM»-ii--'1iHMl'<i«itf 
 
 tha pttn who w«at to OMtl htr tt Dovtr, 
 
 tad who had wiintaatd tht royal dtatp* 
 pointsMt, the quttn'a maid* at bonoor, 
 htr ambaaatdora, bar pbyaieiaaa. aad htff 
 dooaaiiea. Tbt copyinK tlout of thaaa 
 mrioaa dtpoaitioat would htvf* requirad a 
 aMMlb'a laboar. It baa btea atid thai tha 
 iaqnhff wta latr u a t ad to a comalttat 
 atltetad by tht aynod, and compatad of 
 tht two aKhbiabopt, four biahopa, and 
 aiffbt ddMort of diTinlty > but wbtaf 
 Ooabthna oa tht day of tht tttanbly. 
 AdaMttfaiff tfta that a tootlat ditptt«btd 
 frofli Loadoa teold arrhra tt York en tht' 
 MUM day, tad that tbt prthlt aoavaktil' 
 eonld ho at WaatolnttMr oa tht Ttb. tht 
 eoondl wodld only have had twalrt hoar* 
 •t moat to bttr tht wltatttta. trantorihw 
 tbtb dtpotidoat, aad 4i«ir «p th^ 
 
 iht briaf tptea af two dayt,to eoOta* 
 
 Tht owwaiMliaii^waM; af 
 
 iwaitai 
 
 It It tridmt thai fha •fthWabop^id 
 biahopa, dataa, aad arobdtteoat, had > 
 aad all bttn ptaptrtd for tht 
 bdaf, oa tha flnt tatioMthia of thai 
 wUMat that thk taotrdottl (riiahibx hadT 
 tatloipallid tht royal aammona i that tha* 
 maltrialt wart all in rttdineati that tha 
 ttatMea wtt ahtady drawn up, and that 
 thk adtiad htada in oaatock aad cowl, ht^ 
 Mf la oahtl ar Waatnlnattr to ^ aa i 
 whiA tfMy eoold ao« tvan hara r 
 la'naai To what olbtr toadwdtai tMT 
 ila 'tadlit 'wlwa wa lad oat hnadrad i 
 •^■ti^biti^ alamt all daMora of A# 
 dMdIhr ob iha tevtBdHSr of i iliaMhi||« 
 b«Miitf Iha hrida wtt «o4 lika htr itMtMit 
 tbM WWla *all^ tNhMil MabiMMl tt h 
 
 dhttraB vHDM flaMffOM wRBMN^i wvm^ 
 
 mniiiSmi of Ida «i«diilM,^liffo«« 
 '*r«lli;'*hyw«itf'of iithth. htit Mrtwltt 
 Ma Uirti atA^iiUi. hittHi^^ Aa aanki 
 
 eoaritf 'had 'UiMr dM' MriiMliftii'MaM 
 fhhiil^ AM^'IWeMHM'iMbfMii WH 
 aotbtta teaittiaiHttdl,tah>iil b«Mi > 
 
 •htt alaa^ «a ti)a«Madb.of a r . 
 
 MAiWi«i'«iii*ati«i'lhMN a#«aal pMk 
 
 ^'ht^-^iiM>":*^ii^(*d* m f^ 
 
 #d M( ataii «f tha JMMnhfa htias 
 
 fnMdt''' ■■■'"■' •• lu ■«■•■ • ■'-' ■••••I...- ( 
 
 Jun wa t^ kogh^^ hhuih on i«id^ tlUA 
 
 mm' 0.»tU-f.la'«tit.iq,«at.«|f% 
 
 VIMM 
 
Ml 
 
 urs 99 tamn ntf. 
 
 Mdh dofltriMt M Umm, aMniaft vool^ b« 
 no I<inK«r potaibU i and it ia alw aquallj 
 wruin that, undar iha Papacy, tha dargj 
 oi ED||land wuull nut hava b«eii convokad 
 to ait in eonclava at a court what*, inaland 
 of Chriat, wa And onlf tha im«Ka of n 
 pnntilf-liinx. n huaband daoaitful and 
 dacaivad. Wa bava «|Mkan of uiihufta and 
 priaata, but in thia aecla»iaaticat ajnod, 
 m*»y of tha mambara atylad thvaaalraa 
 BialMpa and FriaaU witboat having anf 
 elaioB to tha titlaa. Wa tra awara thai 
 ordara confamd by a aehiamatioat, rr avan 
 haratieal biahop, ara not tha laaa ratid, if 
 tha aaoramant haa baao ndminiatarad in 
 4uo fom I but thia ia not tha oaaa, vheu 
 in tba oonaaeration of a biahop or tha 
 ordination of a priaat ilia oaramonj haa not 
 baan dul/ parformad, by tha onuaaion or 
 alttration of tha auihoriaed worda t whan 
 tha eonaacration oi ordination, inataad of 
 baing founded on tba aaoular tradition of 
 tha Chriatiau oburokaa. and tha apiritoal 
 awtiioti^ of Roma, raccivca ita aaibority 
 •oialy tnm tha (ood plaaaura of tha kinn, 
 dka Sopraraa Head of tiio Chwch, nod 
 born tha aanclion of Parliaa>ani(*) 
 
 Tha aynodical daciaion waa foUowad by 
 • pfoolan>ation,(fc) axplainil^; tba eauaaa ol 
 Hm divorct batwaan Haniy and Anna ht 
 Cbvaa. Hauy foUowad tba axanpla of 
 kia elatRy* ■od baliad hia eonaeianea. To 
 l|«r hln^ OM would imaffina than had 
 baaR{fti!mioaa soBtnet batwaaa Anua of 
 Ctaraa pad tha MMrquia of Lomina, which 
 tiw foanaallota of tht prinoaaa had pro< 
 piaad to aspUo bafbn tha eaiabntion of 
 tha mi|itiala. .OUahigar and Hagaadan, on 
 baiim OKf iaad at Uraanwieh napretion 
 thia Mttvr. pladgad thair word that tha 
 eontnot aMa»<iid iato durinff thawinoriiy 
 •f both putiaa, and emuaqiMntly null and 
 Toid.ahMUi baprodnccd in » abort iIbm. 
 Oa aafvml oeenaiiMH^ and 
 
 (•} Tha arJlna a o n a, tbaraibfa, ara aoly da> 
 tanrinad to ba iaraUd, an aoeoont af tha 
 iMMTCMlaa in the a n aeiwlo w af bfahapa in 
 |M*jii, and an aoeouat af tiia dafeoiivenaaa 
 iftlia fom, which tbay now aoiploy in tha 
 OOaaatration of biihopa.-<Di«ttIa. Doet. Suv 
 taaM, oidinia nnadloal, da Ka aaeraaMiiaril, 
 faririia.— Da ordinaUonibna Ainriioaniai Con- 
 •IkTridant. BaMio XXULTc. TV. 
 V (^) Ka* Hauy Vlil'a daclaration of tha 
 of fla aaMNtim from Ansa af Ctoraa. 
 L,«a5-637. 
 
 ing to tba ealabmlion af tha aaanlaftb 
 Uanry had aipraaaad hia reaarra and hia 
 uawUlinKnaaa to ba unilad to tba aflanead 
 brida of another man i(«) and thia alauaa 
 bad avan baan inaartod in tha net of 
 aolamniaation. Tlia marriag a had certainly 
 taken piaoa. but tha princa, mindful of tha 
 Divlna dacraa i Qho4 Dnu ft^JmrnmU Aom* 
 «e tiftrH, had taken cara that no crj'nal 
 ti^ ahould bind him lo a woman whom ha 
 had only married oondiiionally. But thia 
 condition, ie., tha produation of tha torn- 
 traot, not having baan obaarrad, ha waa 
 free, baeauaa n oonditional eontraet oould 
 not ba UndlnK.O Moraovar, aa tha 
 Church haa tha powar of ratifying or aa< 
 nullinf marnaffaa that hoTa not baan aoD' 
 aummalad, Haniy, aa wall aa Anna of 
 Clavea, who had aubmitiad vneondMonaliy 
 lo tha BovaraiKn anthori^ of tha eonnai!* 
 waa free by vlrtua of tha dadaion of tha 
 aoelaaiaatieal rjrnod of BngUndi both 
 t<terafor% recovered thdr fUll and antiin 
 liberty. Thia waa merely a elory tramped 
 uptoenvoappaaranoaa. Someof thaPriry 
 CoanaiUore, anya BonMl, aware of tha 
 king'a avoraioa for Anno, were of opinion 
 that much etrtae abonid ba kid oa the pro> 
 vioua eoatnct i but tha Arahbiabop of 
 Caatarbnry aad the Biahop of Durham did 
 not ooaaidar that a difienlty of ao littla 
 iotportnnea ought to bo allowed to hladw 
 tba eaiabniioa of tha aHurrl^e.(«) nad tha 
 careoBoay took plaoa without any of ihooa 
 faae w r a a iriueh tho king a ia nt ioaad lor tha 
 Ant tioM ia hia pradaautioa. UmIbIIow* 
 
 aV^^ ^Wi^p snwa^wvW pwwwWwi^WMlF^^ ^^^^waaa^»«^J ^^9 ow^V 
 
 bndfldtht 
 
 Cboaawall waa a priaoMr at tha Tmnr. 
 awailiag tha hoar of hia aiaaotioa* ^rt«a 
 ho waa raqaaatad, for* oriminal ooadfOUMd 
 to death ia aavar aoouaaadad, to a«r all 
 that ha kaaw raapaellng thia mkiftr 
 BMkrriagai ha aoacaa l ad aNthiaK. aa oMy bo 
 aaaa liaa tta vniaaa fngmmu that wa 
 hava axtraolad ina hia d<yoaiUoB.C) h 
 
 {•) Ona allaaA 
 
 aea niore.— Atala 
 
 (M ifaay than attega (hat tho Un|ee 
 BMiiaelle e u nee ni yd te the eotennyeaiiim, it la 
 10 be aaaweryd, that a uaaaial eeadieiaaaU 1^ 
 no eeaeeau*~Ib> 
 
 Baiael. 
 
 llalL.>Blo«a,— Baoal. . 
 
 
 
ibnttoB of iha nNMitaf*, 
 rMMd hb rawrr* and bis 
 b* unilcd to ibc aflannd 
 r oun i(«) Mid thk oUum 
 ioMrtod ia the Ml of 
 Tha KMrriag* hikd ccfteialj 
 iha princa, mindful of tha 
 QaaW Dnu iln^JmmmU Asm* 
 takta cara tliat no ecmal 
 Ilia lo a wooua whoa ha 
 d oondiiiooallx. Bui thii 
 ha produelion of tha mm* 
 Iff baaa obaarrad, ba waa 
 oonditioaal eoalneteoold 
 |.(') Motaotrar, M tha 
 I powar of ratifyinff of aa* 
 
 • that hara not baan aoD' 
 \ij, aa wall aa Aana of 
 
 auboiillad wnco a di t ioaa l ly 
 n aatbori^ of tha eonaai!, 
 toa of tha daoitioa of tba 
 raod of Baglandi both 
 erad tbdr Aill and mtiia 
 aa mmij a atory trampad 
 iraaaaa. Somaof thaPrify 
 fa BonMl. awara of tha 
 for Anao, wara of opiaioa 
 I ahonid ba kid on tha pra> 
 I but tha Arehbiabop of 
 tbo Biabop of Duihaa did 
 at a difiealty of ao Uttla 
 kt to bo allbwad to Uadar 
 if tha aMurri^icC*) aad tha 
 
 kha Uac BMatfaMMd for tha 
 prodaiaatioa. UmIbUo** 
 
 • a priaoMT al tha TMrar. 
 
 Hir of hia aiaaotioa* ^rt«B 
 i, for«ariiainal«oad(|aMMd 
 
 tUa aalifpr 
 
 vaviaoa fragmaala that wa 
 baa hia d^oaiiioa-f) la 
 
 aaa aui«.--fltala 
 
 ban alltfa (bat tbo Un|wi 
 rd fai tha aolannjnaiiim, M ia 
 itat a iwaani mindiiitoaiH In 
 
 un or aaMRf vin. 
 
 S47 
 
 
 iba wholo of that laaRthy dooumant, whiflh 
 eoaUina all tha princa'n oliicctiont, thtro ia 
 not a ainnU woiil ol tin oomlitional content 
 intaftad bf the linR in the act of oelebra- 
 tion. The reader will duubtleei ha»a ra- 
 marlced thit theory of the eovereiKn : that 
 tha eiUrlor, frea, and iponianeoue act, 
 ■uoh •■ hie marriMffe wlih Anna of Clevea, 
 was not in any way ohligat<irr. eince it had 
 not h«an •anolionad by an inUrior oonaant i 
 a maxim, enye an historian, which would 
 at once juitifjr fraud and perjury (•) What 
 opinion, moreover, can wa form of tba 
 oontinenoa which a princa ao licantioua aa 
 Henry could volunUrily obaarve for ail 
 montba with a young woman of twenty- 
 four years of age. without iaftrinffinff on th« 
 DiTlna pNcrpt t Qaod DfwJ comjwsil *oiho 
 R« ttfttrttfl*) A mlracla of prudence, 
 which was not however euflbient to invali- 
 dato tha taarriaae, since Henry had main- 
 tainod with all bis thfologians, in tba trial 
 of Katharine, that tba eunnaot of tba par- 
 ties formed tha accoropliabment of tha 
 eootraot.(*) When ha wanted to axpal 
 Aaaa of CItraa from his nuptial bad. ba 
 al'affad a pravioua eoatraot batwaan twr 
 ohildfVB. whils ha waa saakinff to pn>va 
 tb ^ Ml anffaffamaot entered into balwaea 
 paraoaa anrivad at tba age of raaaon in tha 
 praaanaa of aaverol witnaaaaa. awom to at 
 tha altar and blaat by tha piiaet, waa not 
 biadiag oa aitbar af tba eoatractiag partica I 
 On tha lOUi of July, tba Arehbiabop of 
 Obirtorbary, whom wa ara sars to an- 
 eouaiar whaaavar any act af aarrlla 
 iniquity ia to ba coaaaalM or eoai< 
 mittad, wtal to tha Hoaaa of Lorda to 
 aaaouoa tha aaatonoa of tba ekiity. which 
 waa laad to thaaa by tha Bishqt of Wia- 
 ehastari aad tba nm» aommuaiaatton waa 
 BHMia to Aa CoauBoas. Oa tha nth, tba 
 Chaaeallar, tha Oaiia of Norfolk, tha 
 Daka of 8«folk, tba Bari of Sontbaaptoa, 
 and tha Biahoj^ of Wia^aater waitod oa 
 
 SuSm Btttlaad. RoRhbid. aad Bdf* 
 wanMmaaaart (a arova Ua ooaaaanea. 
 -rtM tha aaaaa tald than, that ha always 
 slept with bar I 'and whan hi oomea. be kisMa 
 miTaad WAlatb m» s Oood «»»ik^ 'wttheait 
 and ia tba aMrainc kis ^ BM, and biddalh M I 
 PanwaU. dailtaifP "HBttypa. 
 ftai da Thoyiaa, 
 
 (•) 
 
 tha quaaa. to owka kaowa to bar tba dit* 
 aolution of her marriage. 8ba waa pro* 
 mi««d at first 500 marks(^ as tba reward 
 of her resignation, 'or it was necessary to 
 purchase her silsnce, tha title of ad ipud 
 Siaur of tba king, a number of bandsoroa 
 presents, and an annual pension of £4.000 1 
 M amount far esceeding the value oi tha 
 Uuoby of CIsves. Anne, who hsd neithvr 
 counsellor nor protaotor at tba eourt, and 
 who waa afhdd of tba aoall'old. aubmittad 
 without a murmur to tba witlof her oMetar. 
 She waa made to write a latter filled with 
 protestetiona of gratitude to Henry, whoea 
 kindneas, virtue, ganaroeity, and wisdom, 
 she extolled ia tba highaat degro*. Sha 
 declared that aba willingly aubmittad to 
 tha decision of tba clergy, acknowledged 
 tha invalidity of bar marriage, and pro* 
 misad to naiga tba title of Quean,(^ too 
 happy in receiving tha name of Sister, 
 which his majeaty graciously oonferrad 
 upon btr. In a few words, adroitly in 
 sorted by tha royal eommisaionara. aad too 
 obaoura to wound either tba nodaaty at 
 the candour of her who copied thaia, area 
 had aha understood BngUsb, Anna aoknow- 
 ladgad that Henry bad bean, ao for aa sha 
 waa eoaoarned, a elKjte and eontiaaal 
 hnaband.(') 
 
 It waa feared, aad not without ranaoa, 
 that tha quaaa might protest, on soma 
 Aitara oecaaioa, agwaat a do^iaaat written 
 in a Uaguaga with which aba waa aa- 
 acqnaiatad, and deolara haraalf ite Tictini i 
 a dangeroua p rooaading, bowavar, aiya 
 Madame Proa, and ooa which Hoary nighl 
 hara felt diapoead to raaaat ia a aunmoi/ 
 maaBer.(() SuBblk, in whoaa akill the 
 
 («) OeelaratMi of tha Dnka of SuisUc 
 lonehing certain proceadiBfa of tha Barl of 
 Souduunpion wiUi Lady Anaa of Ctevaa.— 
 
 (•) ^l«diibyIaaithereaaBe,newillrepalak 
 myi»air fbr your graoa'a wief, coaaldefing this 
 amtaaea wbvoanio I ataade, aad your Mi^ 
 
 tia'colsaaaadpuralyvtacwiihna, yatitwill 
 jiloasn yoa to take me wr ona of y 
 humble sammts, aad so to datarmyn ' 
 
 r««ai Hffv, /»" •■ WW* 
 
 ona of your most 
 
 I gsay swmmatymea have tha Arnicion of your 
 meet noble praeenee. wWoh I ahalt eateem tor 
 a Rraat baneftia. fto.--State Papara, l-fiSI 
 fiSH. 
 (t\ Bnraat. 
 Mad.?!*. 
 
 OS,. 
 
 1 
 
 mrnauBfmmyhmmm 
 
 mismjmmiissiimm 
 
 brrMNa.-'" 
 
uwm 09 «iv«T Tni. 
 
 hiiHi ^bMd tiM fraaMl ■■■■Jiaw.C) 
 MNamiMtoiMd to •liiif* IIm pri a oaw bf 
 ikoM •|tl«n(lld prooiliM of Jaorirfa m(| 
 §mtrj, whioh Imv* *o trr«aUtibl« • ftrea im 
 tbc hmaU mind, ilul tlM Mlffht km MimmiI 
 toUaMUtebwlrMtotitrlatiM kiSK into 
 OwoMUi, mhI to ia4ito • «mom1 w Imt 
 krollMr, f*pMtiMff tlwnAm all ikai the IhmI 
 ■yd is tiM im. Hrary, who ihoanlil 
 MMkiiHi of dMvivlRff oMmh, «m afraM of 
 Mug MmmII immknii ho hM m fekli >• 
 
 MIy ««kW. MM ha to hti m a iU mk , 
 m4 •• whom m am Mf«r Jayaa J , mitan 
 •ho AHtmI harMtf of htv MMm^ m^ mm* 
 tobo»«MMa.(^ Ho MhNMlatod AnM 
 •f Qtim. ivboM koMtj Holbahik by • 
 
 kMo tmmtmtad, but whow vtrtam «•< 
 HMd qMHttoc «««ib«yMMi«ll prakM. tho 
 «M * imI traMon of RMd «oMr» m4' 
 Qotw ilaiplkity. l ii i HUH i d of « twii Ml 
 of tmrnn, olOMaiihr tppwwUy i i iool i > » of 
 ■ fvioMlvo aUad. aad noU oopobto of pk^w 
 taf thodofi Iv ordwtooMopoAvtt fcUioS 
 • vIelkB. Drrwtod of bar ewmi Md MM 
 iMto of QaaK •>« atUI ratoiaad o« bar 
 iaipNr a hat taiie of bar ■o a to ato ry gnw. 
 4*«r. tba wpftial timK, arbiab Haavy bad 
 Rhraa bw at Onaawieb. aad »hb* ha aaw 
 b* to'NMrai akd aa laeoiptor 
 ba d ai k aa d bbaaiif aa tMn dW A 
 
 i hkmmA t, howtwr.'^ba-waa' 
 byllH 'iaport ibai'Aiiaa of 
 
 MfdrilMiKia a* llaiiiptoni 
 6««rt cf a aam arbiak aha bad iMd to biai^ 
 fkr-Mar CaMW BMi n iii atl ii. aai 
 «ihc»aMN||tTa«^to awka * atlUl 
 
 (•) Wa donbto aot, bnt, by 
 bk ifl hib i g, nMrdniwyt^ya •haO 
 
 ailwf tf>a aa«bw» of a ftport to atk a atra to 
 bit maJMtjr. Tha laqulry htMMi a loaf 
 li«M, but Bothtnn eould ba prorad to laoul- 
 paia tha paHiaa aoapattad.i;*!) 
 
 PtirllanMat vaa aiwaya found raady to 
 toka ttpoa llaolf tha roapoaaibilitf jf ovary 
 bloody or abaofd act aoanatltrd by ruyalty, 
 to aekaoarladfo lia joatiaa aad aaaeUfy tea 
 lanalMy. It «aa aaaantlally aacaaaary thai 
 Maury ahoald bara a ahMd throwa ovar 
 bla lata aeia, to ptotoet bha Aran tha iadtf ' 
 aaiioB af tha vMasoa, aad PacMaawm 
 H a tnitW Iftoi ^ 
 
 ni 1 it 111 ■■» ■.JMiTTl 
 
 rorora er aar aiiwHiai 
 
 "TRi 
 
 •ra 
 
 your 
 
 t,yaaaHiii^te6kkc 
 
 ^HKkNT Itaaiy vUl. to iha Oahaal 
 
 lato Pa aw i . 
 otkarwfaa, < 
 
 (») Am otharwtoa, whataoarar yaai gaoa 
 ■mdaa'aad aadtaaia kMh.kaa iMek Fa 
 MMMt to he«a b«i of «ba ka* aai«% aad 
 k»bnto tobava daaa»aaiMU aa^a 
 ' ibaiatoaakaa b t a y a i d. 
 
 . «U ba 
 
 , t vkataor^aa kar 
 
 dOlBila ia tkt nAayatac «f oja 
 
 iiiw*oaeaitoa,aatoekaHatnfaf» 
 MRoa, wklak ia haaoaiWa.- ' 
 
 (•)MatoPayara. J 
 
 drJtf to diaj^ Ha day e ta iaa aa, Itaactl- 
 fcadftod aaata aa a bolatoaat af pwpltto' 
 itoal By a laffMaiiva aak. k daaraad Uial 
 aiiMrriaijawhlah bad baaa e oa ai aiBiatad 
 oaaM Mt ba aaaailad by tha aalalaaca af 
 ia'tdwrior coatiaat or by aay othar anlh^-' 
 rily thai thai of DMaariiibt. Itwoatdaaaai 
 (bat PtoUtBNtot had laM aU rac«4la«tioa af 
 iltpNvtoaa dolaiiai that it bad fcrfottaa 
 that tha kiaff'a oiarriagawlih Aaaa Boteya 
 had baaa proaovaood atdl and void bf 
 thk priatotl^ pre«iaaly oadar' piataat of a 
 piavfoaa eeamet, aad Mial darteg thaf 
 vary MatfMl, both HoUatohAdi^Mtad^ 
 Ak tapttdlatkm af Aaaaaf Ukiliki' TUt 
 wm a v«hiaiaiy HmoII a|ial)tot'lli^«e tha' 
 |kM W HMMnit aad, thMirto thbi' 
 li«taM i^tfadhB0oa,''(U''ktt(|M|fVMba 
 of tha IM pN«Maitt cir liii iSptMad. ff 
 flath #aNf hft-'plaiian, ngWlitilto Ihi 
 
 Mboaf 'dbdtbb' «iny 'CkthMatf 'fiaaaHd* 
 *• ftat«MBlb«#Alnia BkMjA-Obaflr 
 
 thba^'tidHMd'laillg ttari 
 aMllMfy « 
 
 
 thM Mkary^ 
 
 Kla« of' 
 
 BilkBdk»«r4kafbMi(iiidl 
 
 af «h*Ch«Nlii ailtfl 
 
 atetaaeylBU 
 
 of tha Ikitb, eaalmt d OB htaa ly the Fapa 
 
 fbr hta dafaato af .the pMholie Ohi^k 
 
 af tha Chorah, la apaa^ 
 •liiiia-'to Oa^illlia' iil'^tha 'Haad af tW 
 
 jii,ti»*ttwr4**''* 
 
 
I ft rtpoft M OflvlMVC M 
 
 lM|ttlry iMWd t lonf 
 muid tM provMi <o taoul- 
 
 ipMlMl..^i) 
 
 ■Iwiy* found rwdf li 
 
 • rtapoiMibilHjr jf tvwy 
 «t oooiailtfd by rujraltj, 
 
 • JoHIm Mid MMctlfjr im 
 MtntUlly M c mw y thai 
 ra • thMd thrown of«r 
 i«Mt him fron tb« inH^' 
 
 It MCtl- 
 
 I a hdMalMt «f |ft»pltlft' 
 
 nWm vOTt I* OMtMV VnOT 
 
 had baM e w nK MBiata d 
 oDad bf Mm aatotmca al 
 tar bf aajf othar aoMM^ 
 rtnariKht. ltwo«tdMaai 
 id laM aU racollactkm af 
 
 II Ibal it had fcf|ro«l«i 
 urriagawlih Aaaa BalifM 
 Boad na And voM bf 
 iaalf imdar' pralast «f • 
 . alkd Mm* Avtef tlnf 
 
 HaMaaah^ i|f«|MMd «f 
 ( Aimaartlal«ft TMi 
 Molt afalM|'l(i|it«a tba' 
 ati aad.Hitilfrl» thk^ 
 Aem, 'tU''kli|jH|f VMIw 
 ilMia drite tdlllMd. # 
 
 i#'Atiit IMi)4 "Obair 
 
 di 
 
 mi tHlak^MMM H' 
 
 I. 
 
 nb«M, aM-itMaML' 
 
 liitf'tlNia '««MliMlMNH»il 
 
 ^ftd OB him ly flM Fapa 
 of the qMhoUe Oh^Ii 
 
 if tlM Chmwk. fei. 
 
 iMr yP'^tha 'HMtf ' at 
 
 l9,JW.1)^ 
 
 V«I..L* 
 
 
 lira ov ■■«■* Titi. 
 
 CMhalla Oraroh^*) AwitharbiU 
 tha dabt which tha Uag had ooawactad bf 
 hla iMt loan from iha nation, and aaaclad 
 that all thoaa who had tlnmij b««a nim- 
 baraad, althtr In part or ia fUU, ahawld 
 rtpar Iha mim* thay had taatlivad iMn Um 
 aich«^«r.(^ "•"''' 
 
 TiM formula of tha oaih wWah ha k«d 
 aaiabUahati to inaura tha aoatptaiioa vi tha 
 Mw iirolhoaion of ftuth waa so laaa ioami- 
 ■latent thaa hia alhar nfuUtioaa. AU 
 hla anhjaata. withoat nc^ptioa, had alraadjr 
 bam aampaUad to n^iei tha aopttnaajr of 
 tba Papat bat aa tha aitirlaa which thaf 
 had awom «• obaawa did Botapiiaar a««- 
 daadf asptteM. Pwliamw* aaaatad aaothaa 
 oath I aAd aeDd«dln||ly^ it ««■ daaiaad. that 
 whtiaaar had lahaa tha Orat khoald ha aa»> 
 •ld«(ad to have tahaa tha aaaondi "a 
 ■oppoaltioiU'* ••»• Huma, -which woiild 
 npnaaat a maam botrnd to kaap an oath 
 which ba had navar tahaii."(«) Thay had 
 ndw aiHvad at tha Uiaita af abaardity, and 
 wm aecm to paaa om> tham. la bm of 
 ita bilta PMrttamaM gava tha foNa of Uw 
 m arary tbiaf thai tha Be m m i aa i . > Bata. 
 appotmad by Iba kkw to aatabUah tha 
 aitifll»a ori«*||b»* h4d aidilBad, ot aboirid 
 i» Mtoiw OTdaiHi by tha Ua«'a eummaMl. 
 
 (hua coaaikiMifam him It" mam 
 
 om ^'Hfm tmi m mt^i nnu at bia 
 
 pt^iaMa oriimittaw Iba yaiTh aolbaritr. 
 
 prabtMUtR iiy •oUlM* •• ■•■•■" •• 
 
 .A. . .,•* .ti- ^■ij^^ lftaAOA.atta4 
 
 hi* lib I** M* p * ip« Ky by airtmrf «■• 
 
 aaia* df'«»t!tlh'Wid«b« to 
 
 tawfe to MM to abqF «ka bia»i 
 
 <)'tAa. 
 
 j;f''»^i In' 
 
 bam a» oftaadiNCtod tba laadwr'a, 
 tba la tba eeana af tbia dapbmbU raiiB. 
 
 iMk'W thi b^ «( «a4, (MN>ir*U 
 
 
 Id. 
 SfllMllthayiM. 
 
 ■ahia 
 
 in arlma. Ualiha maay of 
 viatina whoaa blood ha had da- 
 and who, on th«kr knaaa and with 
 alaapad haada, had braathod out piayara 
 for thair pafaatutora, h« gart uttoranea to 
 aothic^ but impracationa aod ouraaa. 
 " May Uod." aicUioM ha, " eunfound my 
 •MttUa I May tha wiath of Heav«9 fhll 
 on thair hmida I May tha iafaraal dariU 
 aanthilato thaaa!"(») But th«aa wiabaa 
 waro not to ba aocuaipliahad i hia anamiaa 
 wara in tha prinoa'a aounoil. r»joloia|| at hia 
 torwaati and hia daapair. and oountian tha 
 dayathathahadyattolira. Uaary'a attan- 
 tion WM toe mnah an n roaaa d by tha loraly 
 Katoariaa Howard to admit of hla liataaiaC 
 to tba aamplaiato af hia hnring ooualn in 
 dayaofyora. Cronwali antrtatad. froanad, 
 wapt, and anad for maray - but no ona paid 
 any atlaation to him. Ha bad. howavar. 
 both papar and ioh. for ba waa not Atprivad 
 of tbaaa. aa ha had dapHfad Mora, and 
 thaRrfor* wroto a Icttar to tha king wlriab 
 ba tarminatad aa foUowa i " Written at tha 
 Towar, Wadnaaday. tha laat day of Jonaw 
 with a brakaa baart and a trambliac hand, 
 by yoar mlaanbla priaoear and poor ahMW. 
 O. aaat mtrciAil of priaaaa, pity. V^^h 
 idiyrC) Ha imaw not tba baart of him 
 wham ba had aanrad. On tba Mth of July, 
 IMOk Am** ^f ottar tha bUl of AttainHw 
 bad laoaivad t^ nj^ mnctton, Cromwall 
 wa* lad to tba blocb. Qa tha •eatold. b* 
 Ipcaad tawaada tb* , ppptdiMa, and taid i 
 •«Tha Imr baa ocmi4«mMI a*! ^ •*''^ 
 daadt la a ap to tin a <C, IT «tM. laoniaN. 
 that I bava oftadid God aad tha Uai t If 
 dinia tba.bo«NB«l tba Qatbali* AOtb. 
 wib— t dnnbHnt mf Mtiela of tba anad. 
 nr fili'^ri aay aaai»p»iit af tba Cbwrcb. 
 Idaalan tb«l I b«f« ipvar baas aa abatl«r 
 of hanqr.i i miffi bavf ,b«fa Mdaoad,, bal I. 
 ! nyaat. ^y to (M ^ tha Uafft pnf 
 lop bi* ai« i4wMdi pnv fur ma, » poor' 
 i»bo »■ hbaat to dk." Ha tbaa, 
 friiga to tba «nnitioaai^ ai^ bia. 
 ■M aamad at tbt,tooaad atioha. 
 
 fiff, tb«t b7 "^ 
 i*l'CbMawaU maaat tha fhith 
 hiiabad by te Uw of tba laad.(i) "Ttoia 
 
 .M 
 
 Bunau— Unaard. 
 Mi6t. Qattn Olbib 
 
 >lb%O.X 
 
 i 
 
 9 
 
MM 09 
 
 I WM m»i» «M of la Mmm dara," 
 • ProM^MMi wftMr. ** ta IM in* 
 •lid hot In ibai MttkbuiMt to it bf 
 iIm P^iUla. tUm^m Calh«ti« bava no 
 fnM«da fcr laaffindiii «b«« OoanraU dM 
 Wi llMlr aoomiMMM i ba pnir«d i« B<Htlt^ 
 •»i KklKfani bU ft*?«r «a God aluM. 
 ihrauck %tm ■MdkiitM af JaaM Cbrtal, aad 
 bad MM i«c««MMa to anj of tboaa iapaaaU. 
 Itoua OBla ra^ttifad of Iboaa arbo du in tho 
 b««»fiioflbaCb«r(kofl4MM."(*) Burwl 
 bar* allwlaa to tba eroaa wblab Hon mr> 
 Had wtlb Mm to iba KaA>ld, tad whieli ba 
 klaaad bafura lajriM bia baad oa tbo blooh. 
 ■«cb «M tba «nd of Croraivoil. • nMa w'im 
 dkminl]r daaarrwl to a«Ar ^ iIm hMd of 
 Iho •■aetttkmar, but sol bjr (bat of bio 
 who bad atmck ot tba kaada of Mora, 
 riakar. tba CottatoM of Baltakary, aad ao 
 ■my otbar holf aad nokla fiotlm. wkoaa 
 Mood waa nfbrad op •• • bolotaoat to iho 
 tjnmt of liN|l«*<<- " WMcaaa waio |»foof 
 of ridO. OroMwoU wowld ka aatttlad lo oar 
 ad^inlkM. tor dariaff tko wkoU patUd of 
 bit oi^oiitad povar, bia fortaao waa Rm* 
 dually as tba iarroaaa. Tka RafonMd 
 vriM*. wko aaif oaa In bk« •■ toplaaaWa 
 MMMf of CatkoBe dodriaaa wkick ka do. 
 ■l||Mdi»M|i|inw. ■ayboaattaaaof kk 
 mmgf, hk pradaiMa. aad diplnmlto akill i 
 kMwbal wMgbt bam tkaaa Miw qvalW 
 Hh^ wkaa «• plaoa la tka oppoailo aoak. 
 Ma kyyaoiw. y* avariaa. bk aarviUlr. aad 
 ItodoaOlqrhi abaytaff aU Iba •aagaiaarjr 
 MmM «r Mi MMlw, wMl bte aoalMBpl for 
 aaiM la ka 
 
 b «■• Ma MaMi^ «Imb dkaal 10 
 
 I Um Man. ar to arnad tba caaaaU, to 
 
 I da«a akart aalM aa aa ataiataaaa to 
 
 8oaM of tbato Ai||W«« aaia^ 
 
 l^af tfedvMMhor, a 
 
 ^' fcr tha aMMwHy af tba him, aa 
 
 I lava of dtopaliaai, a liad d»> 
 
 , kjr «bt VpHealiaa af tar«Bi% 
 
 „ iftwa Miaafc»iaaala?totiBi^a« 
 
 wykamMwmmH at liaag iaM y oteaa^*) 
 
 Tin* 
 
 Croaivan kad alwaya bia 
 
 band, to ramlnd him of Iha bMwia tbal 
 
 wtfa domaad to fall. 
 
 " flaw*, tba abbot of Radlnff lo bo aaat 
 doara lo la irimt and mntnim! at Radiag 
 wttb bia aaooaiplkaa^ilm. tha abbot «f 
 Olaatoabary to ba triad at OUtton, and alaa 
 lo la attwilad bat*, wiib bia tomplMaa.-- 
 iitm, lu kao<a bia pl aaaara toocbiair Malalar 
 Mora —lum, wkaa Maiaiar Fiokar aball no." 
 OromwaU waa aavar bnowa to abow tba 
 laaal pity for aay of tboaa uafortaaafM 
 bainffa arbooi Haary bad da t armiaad to 
 •■aovto. Tka Praoak '.lag. it appaara. kad 
 N^aaatad ikal tka aaa t aaaa afaiaa* Man 
 aad nak«p abavM ba caaMiatad iato pat. 
 pataalailk. Croaiwall, ladiffaaal at tbk 
 la^aaat. rapUad ti tba iat b aaa id ora tbal 
 BO fHoad, aad aiaak kaa a brotkar, o«i||kt 
 to adviaa bU aa^y to baalak trattura 
 wko, oa a foralffn aotl. woaU bo abU to 
 baiak plato wltb Impaalty acaiaal tba 
 aaewi^ af tka kiaRdom^*) Ooaiwaiya 
 proeaaliaa ia a«it aaytan abytUag oa tba 
 iaafcU tkal aiigkl aCaid tka ktaff, waa 
 klf kly hvoatabk to bia aoa araRory. wbo 
 waa tbal aaoM yaar ca a a lad a patt af tka 
 laate. Tka edka af VIea-faraat waa aop- 
 Biaaaadi a* yaaa, faidaad. waaM 
 aoaatod aa daagirnaa a dl«atly^<) 
 
 Two daya aAv Oraarwaira 
 
 aueotoah BotkOMkalaaaad PnMaalaato 
 pal to daatbi iIm laitit iw kavia* 
 ««tBta dagaM of tba Cfcarak af 
 I ika feraMT far kavtaf daahd tba 
 klag^ aaptaiiy. A Mf MM pariod, 
 vkoa tka ad^iaakia af tU Pap«l aatkorily 
 waa aa aal of tnaMa. tka r^iocMoa of tka 
 Fkpal dogaaa baaHy^i to« c r M iai, tito 
 teaMt of wliiok waa ipaaiakoMo by tk« 
 aaa or Ika lepa. aad *Im butor by tlia 
 piibry aad tka ataka. Hawaii, Aba^ aad 
 Fialk imaai. doatora of dtaialty. won ao>» 
 viaiad of kartif foraMrly dafiadad tka 
 y^tmr af KaiaaffaMfa aantaf^ m* «C 
 
 llf.l 
 
 Vanwa 
 WUttt 
 
him «t (h« ImmU thai 
 II. 
 
 loi at iUdiim !• b* Mai 
 and mMuimi mi Rcdmg 
 M.~lf«M, th« abbo* i4 
 trWd at UlMlon, aiHl da* 
 «, With y« rawpliaM.— 
 
 llMtMW tOMcklHH MaUtMT 
 
 iMak««rr>«)Mraluilli|o." 
 v«r kiMwa to nbow tb« 
 f of iboM ttafi»rtiina(M 
 twr bad d » t a> B i>»ad to 
 ■«k '.taf . it appaan. bad 
 I aa « la«aa agaiM* Mat* 
 \ Im CMBMiMad lata par< 
 MBwall, ladiffaant at tbia 
 I) tha iMbaaaadota tba4 
 Mb laaa a brotbar, ouRbl 
 iaatf to banlab traitof* 
 I aoil. wwild ba abia t* 
 Impimitr afaiaal tba 
 iaRdo«X«) CiwawtUAi 
 aaibm ai<|tUac on tba 
 kt afbad Iha ktef, »aa 
 to kia aoa OHfory. wko 
 
 I of Vlea>fara*l waa ao^ 
 I, todaad. wooU ' 
 
 MM a dl||lltt|r.(«) 
 
 V Omrwdl'a 
 •aaaaaafatkanatlUi 
 □MiMlaaaad Prptaiiaata 
 ihi tba tattit Im WvUmi 
 «| tba ClHtndi af . 
 forhMtef 'n'MttM 
 f. A MgktM iMrioi 
 M af lU Papal wMbority 
 tba n^iactloa of tba 
 I «aa cri ia^ iba 
 iiwatafcdila bv tba 
 *ba batar bf tba 
 BawaD, Aba^ mi 
 
 Ian of d|fi»it7. ««•«*• 
 [ ferawrly dafiadad On 
 ariaafa ■awtea^ mmI aC 
 
 Uva 09 naaaf 
 
 i^HtbiR tba at>Mt«al aaprmaaj al tba 
 kta((t(*) Barnaa, Ganai, aad J — a , af 
 aMtolalniBf katarodaa ofitaioaa. laiboad 
 witb aartaln d«««tiN«a wbtab wara bagtaatnn 
 la pfwrail la UarnMor, Baniaa and bia 
 dIaaiplM bald tbal bmb. aaca fMoacUtd 
 wHh (lod, aoutd aot (all froaa a Mata of 
 gmot I ibal Ood waa tba aatbar of ala i 
 that r»od worki vara aot aaaaaaarjr oato 
 •aivaltaai tbai tba for||l«laf at lajaria* 
 «M aat an obllfalory |ifaaaft.(«) Tba 
 •Maa aaaiaara waa paaaad on a aaaa «bo 
 bad aonaapondad witb Oafdiaal Pala i on 
 aaotbar far baviof wiahad to takatka town 
 o( Cblaia i nn a ikird for kavian aaoratrd a 
 rabal. Catbollaa, Prol«)«aat«,trattoraiotkair 
 coaatry, w«ra faataaad oa tba aaaM hnrilhi 
 aad draimad froai tba Towar to Smlibiald. 
 At tba algbl of tbt poar wratabaa tiad back 
 
 i:i 
 
 ■aadata. 
 Llaiard.— Baiaat 
 
 ta baak, a atrangar i< 
 tbay bad aomnililarf t 
 tbat aoiaa of tbam 
 kaving alUckad tha 
 
 lil 
 
 arkal ariaia 
 ba waa anawarad 
 aoodaaaoad for 
 Gaibolk raHRiMi. 
 otkara for having dafandod il.(*) Noaa of 
 tbam wara mran allowad to andarRO a trlaL 
 Bamaa, alUr baring aapoondod bla ataad 
 to tha paopla. tomad to tka akarlff aad 
 a«ktd kirn If It waa kaowa for wkal cHbm 
 ka kad baaa draflgad to BaMilald. to 
 whieb tka abarlf rapHad hj a tbaha af tba 
 band In lokan of kla Ignoraaaa. Baraaa. 
 oa appvuaaking tba ataka. aaid "tkat tka 
 Batata of tha panUkmaal wkiah ka waa 
 akout ta aufbr affbrdad anpla avldaaaa of 
 tka arioM for wkiok ka kad kaaa cee- 
 d*mnad."(<) Both tha Catbollaa aad tba 
 Protaataaia prajad to God Ibr tba Mag 
 bafutatbaybraatbad tbakrhMlb 
 
 U) Rapta 4i Tkoyiaa 
 
 OHAPTER XLIII. 
 
 TbafSMhaUa 
 —Bar 
 lafetaMika 
 
 partp awrt AaoMahaa to W- akoat iha -Mflafa «* « 
 ^M.-Uaafi'a kapplnaaa.-Laaaalla danoan^lUthar^ 
 I liag af bar aaaAirt — A aaanataaiaa laaaad to aiaM» 
 L^KailiMiM aaM la Slaa ll<Maa.-Har lri.L-H.r m 
 
 Taa Daka 
 CraoiwaU't 
 aMrtad an 
 tba 
 navatdi 
 
 ■alatba 
 wbkh Iba 
 Tbia pwtf, 
 aadap tba 
 BiabaBiC 
 iba 
 
 r 
 
 iud 
 tha 
 
 KATHIBIMB HOWASD^IMO-IMI. 
 
 of Maan •«>) ladMilna ll< 
 
 iwlaatotha PrtoMla.— OiaaaMt 
 
 ihM Into Iba tkai«a.— Darbaai 
 
 10 siaa H«iaaa.-Har iriaL— Har aawnaplUaa aaaAaaaad.— Tha 
 «a tba abarga af aMiatf .•"Hat taaawlaa. 
 
 Ua anor, aad daplatad tha raptaia batawa 
 Baaiy aad tba Holy Sac Ha bad balta4 
 ■a aaoa aa ba inrcalvad that tba prbaata 
 waa aaabiag to throw Engbad lata baiaay, 
 aad nH bar off aatiraly ftoia tba CMboUa 
 Wa waj raaaoaabty faal 
 aalaaiabaMat tbat a paraoa iwbaa^ 
 
 of Karfidb bad aaa eaada d ta 
 
 plaaa la tba Uh'* bvoar. aad 
 
 lataaaea ia l a ae wa aad lag 
 
 af Ua alaaa^ Katbariaa 
 
 Hawj. TUa aaioaw op. 
 
 waa ealeal^ to pn- 
 
 «l tba OMbalk patqr «f 
 
 diaba «a« tba polWaal loadw. 
 
 „ afWdi iaeraaaad dattj, waa 
 
 opMhMl d li aat t e a af Oardiaar. 
 
 ^^ ^ ahaoa talaaaaa ia 
 
 aa tawwaa abataeW la 
 
 ^nimwBea. Qatdiaar 
 
 af tba aaalaalivaaiiaatoof 
 
 witb aaab laal aad fca aba iaa af aptitt If 
 Oaidiaar, aboald bava daaotwiad oo law if 
 to aaiplojr lattigao in attaaipliag ta afcct f 
 faUKiooa ooantar>iarolution i ha had ao4 
 tba aMnnl eoaraga to aaknowbdga tbal ba 
 bad baaa daeairad i tba avowal of Ua fcaha 
 waaM BO daabt bava baao ton graat a trial 
 aaUanaiity. Aialatar pariod.i 
 
 i 
 
 l*S««*SSB(*i»'J»4«j*»'*i»'****-'*« ..♦iiM»j»t>.-»,j»,,. 
 
 t u*x»9aiBii«*asftj^'*v>«v^t^'^^Ki%t','5^.. **.,-^ 
 
 
N^ «f Unf, W MpiilMl M* Ml ••4 
 Itw to tM t«*m •! ft monk h,hl». " A 
 
 #•«• •^^urftMM. (U« NU Arti tixivM «m 
 4«4 1 M mI«««m> MMHMf , wImhb h« l»oli 
 !• k« ft vwRM. vNft Ik* In* wk'* •«*ift 
 ■Ml* h«r ftyy—rftiHi*. Mi<i ift«MtMi an tiw 
 Hiilll vaiMi Mm dMftutv*^- TtM kii»- 
 Iwi4 M lr«t rMiftMil and atniniiUHl. but 
 Wtftf •! iMlfilt ofWwoM by Kit c«»- 
 jfiMMft. IM rWtM. ftMl iMk Woli ktf Ant 
 vtfo." Bf ilMft lU-liM#M«i iMmblft. h* 
 
 •Mlglll !• pftMaM y* WiM km MMdiBi 
 
 »m l«M, ftft^ l» MpMa Mft iftCWM to 
 Ik* ■»•«•• (kfti Im kfti t mnyi «a4 Mf* 
 'itMftd. TiMn te •• m minn t la •• ftlte- 
 ppyi II te ftftU Ikftrara tfVMr traUii Mr 
 MliW (w QftrdiMr «o«U kftrc b«M OMMfc 
 fpmm, ImmI b« ««MV^ftftaftl| rMiMMd kk 
 wrofft I b«M tuoii ft* act. tt«u«r Hftiiry VI 1 1.. 
 vmM bftvft b«M pwU«M to Um MlnftM, 
 •■4 Owitoftr. by oArtafl bisMtf •■ • 
 ■Mrtyr. vmU Imw doas UUl« or nolblftf 
 to«ftrdft ftdfftMtftC Um ratwB of Bng Iftnd 
 towdly. 
 
 KftllMriM'* oNrrUir* ^^ *^* l^"< ^'^^ 
 MtwraUy bftvft ft ruinMW ftffMl upon Um 
 |M«y of f^bnii. ftsd Mud to ■■■ii i ili • 
 wo— iHlotlii* bolwMa looM ftftd 1h§,Umi. 
 QwdlMt and Noffolk won onkioaly 
 ItbMttof tor tko ftMftioaoiil of Ikk tad. 
 Md iKbortoo wortd^ oU tbo powon of 
 iMvihMMto proftMtlaflllMMMoltM^ 
 Ibft «M dooModod froM Ibol UlMlrlow 
 ^ if Iht HoMido tfciA h«i MpjpHftd 
 Bi«|wd wilk MfMftof o««y do MM p rtw i^ 
 
 •f Us p«aplab to ^ 
 
 IB Iko k«M Um* BfKMf vwMd Mm Ma| 
 
 ft wallt, M lift Mil «^ A«||i#. IM^ 
 yglfcuIrT ftMlii M ftovrt wHbtlio titto 
 
 TSjll. tteMpMMt Whkh tte ktot 
 
 >i>1fiwiiid to eoAinctilit • MfHifr* 
 IfMl • «wwi wbM ho dU Ml Im; Ml 
 lihMilid tha Myal Immny. tad H «M 
 IJMUliiia itaiiiiliil that nitthff tlii mtinfrff' 
 BW fbi «M«Mltoa Aoirid ba attoadad 
 
 aitiy atriaoaa aaNMMf. 1i4mrf mhm 
 AfeioMair wUb bftviac fttoadal aMA 
 IpHa QMaaloB. viriek liotatoadad far Ma 
 
 b(«do> TMa Maial «w 
 wMb ft cMwftad rnoa. aorirttol by Um fai- 
 kwlo« iaa«rt)»«t<Mi i " lUnrtcu* oMovoa 
 raltloM nwA atoo •^n*."(*) Tb« f«aa 
 wHbMM Mmhtm p«y daar fat bar dloda«i 
 aho »aa iaa UinJ to fbdow a M|Mlato«a 
 ■Motor, M oaraa ibo iaiwf «av«i«4 wMk 
 da^MUftH aofw, to oMtributo tc tba 
 aoMMWMM «f ft 4 n^ tarai«nto>i by loaa 
 of alaop aa>4 i ii h i m i. aad to yoaa baa d»ya 
 to a«o«i«a of btood oud toftra. 
 
 Uawy bad mmt bdtoo UH ao b«|i»yi 
 bo iwai^Md iboa bo wao to«a<t, bm4 «aa 
 MM dooolrad. If wo BMy Hua 
 yntoao wbtob ba woa aoaH w tot ty 
 kvtoktaf wfmt bto wtfa to ibo pvoooMo af 
 bia iiinrtin Mo wao oroa e«r|irlaod oao 
 day. raiatato* tUaba to lUavta far baatof 
 TOMbaalbd btoi to bla oU ago ao toaaly 
 aud faltbftel a coiapantoaC) Kaibavtoo'a 
 baaaty and aorialiUlty amifaoia d bla wbola 
 titaaitoa. Ba Rraai waa bla amorwu •<- 
 oitoaMat. ibal ba roi|aaalad Um Btakop of 
 Uaeola. who waa aoiaaUiiaf «rf a pool, to 
 oompoaa a byato oa ibo eoa)afftl faUaily 
 wbtob ba a^^uyad witb Kftlbaftoa.(«) Ma. 
 riUfto. Iba Fraaob aaibaaaador, aMnltoaa 
 Iba aplai¥iid araa wblab tbo baabaad bad 
 aa«mroa far bta will, aad far wbtob bo 
 btaiodf aaaipaiid Ibo omMoi Maa aalfrt 
 mUmti ffaa ia dnmi.0) Tba btof . proad 
 of abowiof hto Katbortoo to Ibo poopi^ 
 toah bat •!* MM •• an Ma asoaratoaa 
 aad II ■IfM^f^JawtajdibMlbo ya»f 
 
 « 
 
 QiiaitaQf Maftotr. 
 
 aaaatapind I aMovfktkon waa MiMk 
 
 f (ah li litfilfci ttood fattbt i iU li il 
 
 tow ^itwmMl^ imMu* M tbft Tmm, 
 ■««y wiirib<«« « W. Md' pinM 
 ladHftoa to daftd l«fr aa«a tfatttoa^'tt 
 #H to 4« «i|Ak of wiMtofi ftMi «('lr m 
 iMMMa'wuadiMlbi ^Ma ooM to allMr 
 OMaabavt. Kalliirtoi. tbaradaia. anllWd 
 bar toUto-'to pitlfm afarytbton *knilkk 
 
 (A Binai 
 CjoShSirtlhaqh 
 
 It. 
 
 .;1 
 
«l " tUnrtcua MMVIM 
 Ml •|HM*."(*) Tk* **m 
 |4<J rf«f fo* Imt 4il«4aaii 
 4 U felliHf • m|Mlat«H 
 
 I liM ••!>•? «nT«f««t wMk 
 , !• oMalrtbuta ««• tiM 
 i w t^Dk tanuMtwl ^7 Um 
 ■HM, mm! to |MM Imt 4*fi 
 
 wt iMlwr* UH M lM«9f < 
 
 t Im wm ki««4. BMd «M 
 
 »kWi IM WW MiUlaakllli 
 Ilia vtfc la Ika pVMMM* vf 
 ta «M atrw M(r|iftat4 «M 
 Mh* M Hmvm for htflac 
 ia hi* aM ai^ M Imnkf 
 ompanioa(<) KMlMrtaa*! 
 liUlty ■wn w a wl liU wkok 
 rwt WM bto MB«ru<u •!- 
 » laqoMMd Un BtalMy of 
 a •ooMtliiBC «€ • poal, to 
 
 ■ M lb* eonjuf al fUloilj 
 1 witk KaliiMto«.(«) M*> 
 eb aaibMMiHBr. aw wllow i 
 w «yab Um kartaa4 had 
 
 ■ wUt, tmi hi wiMk IM 
 Ml ikaaMMai Mm anUfw 
 •«a«.C) Tlw Maf. pnwd 
 
 KaAharlM to llto pmifk, 
 Ha oa all bU i maw to a i 
 wlMNAaaM ibal ^ fwnf 
 Mif blp alMMi*. Wilfi 
 
 laMOTi. tovUaktoted 
 iMbavgblWnwatMli* 
 bi |lMdfor«h»«itf4M 
 
 fMHMIHMdtatlMl 
 
 MMl l«|v MOT 4lalbM." U 
 Ik arwfaMt tMMl «t>felM 
 MMifr Orala mM fai allMt 
 
 npnM a««rftbia« CbhiWil 
 
 It. 
 
 to lba|MMW«ap<toai(») a 
 Iw •bMb avvty ChrtaMaa bMft 
 wMl lira bar tfailu. 
 
 IHf» «•*« ■fMt bl phnaaMt Tba bton 
 •<i4 <|MM awa iraaalll^ to Y«rb«blM. 
 wbaa a I'nto b o# ^ aaaM of I aaiinii 
 
 t#cfto< Ha ban baaak toaa^ aaM ba» bjf 
 bit itatov. lanawlir to iba awwa af tba 
 Da ar a gai D aa baaa af NoaMh, aa4 aa« 
 iimttM awl Hvtoff to iha aaaaly af 
 
 algbuT to > diatltoi ■■ aanai Dattiam. al 
 ibai MiM pafla to liw Ankaaa^) Wbat 
 
 4MMHtoBaa iba ^pMMa ^ ^^M H 
 faaaiatoa^ m (ba aUataawal a# a Hab 
 
 rawapil Oattoir lb* ilkaaa atotoba dwi 
 
 kaawaf tbtottwHiBi vbaa Om^rf wAmi 
 kw baatf to fNanii«a. A boMbikl aifbto 
 kB *a bbaaa al «ba 
 aMawM 
 
 H 
 
 wMMhm 
 
 kiaf baiaMUto 
 
 Iita««« 
 kaaahabtoaaviMaf 
 
 woabl Ml baa* hlfuiMit ika Bdpa af 
 NorMk^ bto aattiMbi 
 
 lh*)«lriNtolaliaf 
 
 ^1B^pW|^ 
 
 M«b 
 vouM 
 
 lif*i aa4liMMn»bf INtolaf MtoMMHMPk 
 woaU haw* i a aw w * iha m§u ti hia tofal 
 
 It Miqrbb 
 tht fap^li«Mf I wiMtNr Um If ii w toai ^ i 
 
 •MA 
 
 
 laibaftoa'a tr 
 4iaaav«rM. ibara waa a««fy ^baMHty 
 ibat aaatbat ifkaan woaM |iaa* a««f , iMlofa 
 iba <wil tbal •oanaahKl bar fbalta a«abi ka 
 r«fiMHr*4 1 an4 JuHag ibat partod bar aiaay 
 «PfM»rtitRii*a wo«M oaaar to want tba 
 f..«rif »s«se, sail fausa )u# ft«« tiM 
 raaaa«nMmt of bar latplaaaMa baabaa4l 
 It arootdl kav* baaa aaajr , im taatoato. to 
 drav af • aaatraat Ibal vmM ) »«a baitoi 
 bar t« bar aada aa r. IJUI aat Ibn klair haat 
 an kla bo4y tba na «if aa app reaabtot 
 dla aah ittoa t (^raaaiaf, awraarar, aafbt 
 to bava baaa aUaal Ibr tba aaba af dM 
 Hmm. T>» JImIbii ibaaa d l agtaaa f bl faato 
 to Ma aMfaaty* wto to alraai nywny or wi 
 aavarfnff, aad aipaaa it aaav to iMkala^ 
 Aa abarfMal af all waapaat. Hatf Ai 
 Q >atoa>a t ae( r Oa iba *«rrafftb af a e«b> 
 MmIM aoamaaloallaB, tba toothra af 
 wMtb ba bad aot raamhia4 lato. aa ilM 
 laaltaaay af a mm wh^ai b« Itod a«v«l 
 aawra aaaa, an a ■awwaiaHoa wbnb u^fM 
 ba a aara aatatoay, ba wa«« aa tba aaiM 
 day •« tooMavakate tba laforawlbw to Ma 
 MaaAib (^ Lwd dtoMaOor aad Lai4 
 Htftitot. aad Aajr all tbNa ao«a to tha 
 laaolaHaa af dataMag Laaaalla, aad l»> 
 fartalBf Ma Milaalf af tba toipaitoa* aawML 
 TiM fMMm wotoaii, parfKlly aaeoaaelMM 
 af Aa to a| w ^1 waa iwpaadaf avto 
 ■to« atliTW ai "aaiftwi OaaM to hmm 
 *af« Aa MmI uf M Mata. TIW lafll 
 
 fcr Om»- 
 
 BaM^' 
 
 ■a wm/wfwmt aaw aaM whb a 
 
 ■Ml aa ba|i|p]r<(*7 Ob Mkc MMw|ia| nif^ 
 
 ^^M ^to htoto ^^ lto(^ Mbto tbtfto^^' 
 
 bblMv daSrand to MM i^ MM* MmK 
 oiHiijt n^ ivn^^ www iioiv iphih% 
 
 Ml 
 
 ■'W.^'.KlCi'iWt^ 
 
 
 m 
 
814 
 
 (■AOMUney tllaiiad agminit the tinecn. The 
 king, HwekinK from hit stupor, hutily 
 orden4 the Keeper of the Prtry Seal to 
 inititute an inquiry into the matter forth- 
 with, but to Uke care to reepeot Lie queen's 
 hoacar.(>) Cranmer breathed. On being 
 examined. Ustella, who was in prison at 
 London, repeated all that he bad said to 
 tkevcnbishop, and appealed to the testi- 
 mony of his sister, who persisted in the 
 •tatemcnt which ehe had first made to her 
 brother. Derhaa, on being interrogated, 
 coofiHsed hia passion for Katherine, and 
 candidly acknowledged the favours that 
 ■b« bad granud him. Manos, a musician, 
 •meted tbont this time, informed the 
 royal oomvitsioner, that a girl of fifteen 
 bad made th« house of the Dnchese of 
 Norfolk a rommon brothsL The king, 
 vtterlyamased at these sad disalosnNa,wvi 
 for ft long timeunablvi to speak t he wept 
 Utterly over the ios« of that delusive lu>;» 
 pineae in whioh be had been indulging, at 
 ImiI, io say his oflkial eoQnsellors4[*>) U 
 waa not only bia heart but bia aelMuve 
 that bad been wounded. Pale and d^eoted, 
 ha left the palaoe without seeing the queen, 
 Vbo bad not the remotest idea of tha 
 danger that wm threateming her. 
 
 On the following day, the Privy Connoil, 
 by the king's ordars, informed Katherine 
 of thfi aeoosations that were brongbt against 
 bar bnnmur. She donied, in the moat poai- 
 ^ve tenne, the crirees that bad been 
 imputed to her, and wringing bar handa 
 peotected her iarocenoe. Scarcely had tiia 
 eonnaeUora ntixed, than she fell into ao 
 violent a fit of laga, that she losi for soma 
 tima the use of ber i«ason.(*) Tbe Ung^ 
 in 0(d«r to eztcrt flrom her aa avowal of 
 ha? gaUt, sent C^mer to aer. Iba anb- 
 bishop waa eooudasioned to inform hm, 
 iioM althongh tbe law waa inflexible, tLa 
 Uag'a heert was fUl of mercy, aad to pro> 
 
 (a) B«t be would not, in any wise, that in 
 As ti w""*'"'' any ^ark of soanM should 
 visa afiiwt the qoaen.— Aeti of the Privy 
 (iaaasiL VII., 854. . , ^ 
 
 , - (k) Uis heert was as pieioed with pensive- 
 jkNb that it was long beftm Us ttMsstyoontd 
 ii^andvtlerhis sonMr to as; bntfinaliv, 
 . vUfe lilenty of tears, which wsa strange in Us 
 floangSL |av«^ iobis IMii«s.— Herbert. 
 
 Lin or HBMBY Till. 
 
 mise her in his name, that every thing that 
 had ocourred abould be forgotten, provided 
 she would confess her faultLC**) Kath«rin« 
 deceived, almost delirious, wrung her 
 bands as a supplicant to this measenKer of 
 demency, this angel of Henven, and 
 exdumed i " Ob thanks, than' j tc liii 
 graoiou* majesty, who has taken pitj on 
 me, and vonobaafed to grant me, his un> 
 worthy servant, more than I should have 
 presumed to aak."(«) She recovered her- 
 eelf for a moment, but eoon fell into 
 another fit of n;ge,(') whioh wae followed 
 by eo violent an attack of spaams, that 
 even Cranmer oould not speak of it without 
 feeling deeply afficted. it waa manifest, 
 saya tha archbiabop, that ber heart wu 
 oppreeced by aome great weight of afflic- 
 tion. In tha name of that s(iverei((n 
 moJASty that bad sworn to pardon hsr, 
 Cranmer conjured the qnaen to conceal 
 nothing that had trans|rfrsd, aad assured 
 ber that the ling wu diapoead to eovrr all 
 with bis nnbottPfied clemency. On bearing 
 this, Kutbarina screamed abnid, fcr she 
 could ao longer speak t *'Alasl my lord, 
 the fear of death did not so uocb afflict 
 me as tbe goodness of the king doea at this 
 moment. How can I f-'*^ fieliog deoply 
 afflicted wbm I call t" what a gracious 
 
 andtmiablaprinc). ioHau/r This 
 rnexFOcted oOsr of t /udu:\, grwtcr than 
 I ax^ectad or daaerrad, nnl; aerves to 
 aggravate uy eondoet, and randera ma pt 
 uoi« odiooai ai:d tba mora I eooaidar his 
 generona emanieeMtiM^ tha moia doea my 
 heart grim* for baviflg otSmdA his 
 mi^y."(i) 
 
 (A) AiAiultaiilii to stgniiy unto ber your 
 nuMt graolooe aserey. . . . And I fo^fm her 
 bv vour naeVa oeoiajiity and nerey.«-Oraa* 
 msr to jliof HeniyVlU.— State filfm, I., 
 680. 
 
 (•) Aad 'illat I ^sd deelarei yaor gnwi's 
 mercy extended onto her, ehe mU wp hsr 
 hands, and gave most hnat9>to thsaks tuts 
 yow m^|«*y.— lb. 
 
 («) She soddauy fU! into a w rage.— lb. 
 
 (() Aki. my krd. that I al^ The 
 (bar of death gnered im not so apeh befovp 
 mt dotb sow the (MBjimbianca of fia kiw* 
 goodness. Fbr,wbsn I remeabe^ pom grar<fMM 
 and lofing apriaoe Ihtid. Ict^wMbateorrow; 
 hw tUs oatfsa DMicgr aadaei* than I ooDid 
 
nama, that every thinK that 
 lould be for^ntten, provided 
 )•■ her faulti.C*') Katb«rin« 
 Mt delirioua, wnmg her 
 ilicant to thii mesiender of 
 I angel of Hearen, and 
 >h thanki, than* j tc hii 
 tjr, who haa taken pitj on 
 lafed to grant me, hie un* 
 I, more than I ahould have 
 ik."(«) She reoovered her- 
 nent, but aoon fell into 
 rKge,(') whioh waa followed 
 an attack of apaama, that 
 joold not apeak of it without 
 afficted. It waa manifeet, 
 tiahop, that har heart wu 
 lome great weight of afflifi* 
 
 name of that a(iTerei((n 
 lad iwom to pardon her, 
 ired the ijnaen to conceal 
 lad tranapired, and aaanred 
 ng wu diapoaad to oovn all 
 p.(ied clemency. On heariuK 
 I aereamed aloud, fat ahr 
 bt speak > **Alaal my lord, 
 atb did not to uoch a£Stot 
 Ineaa of tha king doea at thia 
 r can I '•'''^ fieliag deeply 
 onllt" .whatagraeioui 
 ine). ioHoni/) Thia 
 HF of t ,Atth>:\, sr«ler than 
 
 daarrrad, nnljr aanrea to 
 wndoetj And randera ma pt 
 ii:d tlM mora I eonaidar hia 
 liacMtiam dM ooM doea my 
 
 for havioc oAadL4 h^ 
 
 jf tlii to rfgniiy uito her year 
 
 leiey. . . . Ana I eoif^ her 
 
 ueDiaAitT a&A nMrgy.^-Oiaa* 
 
 laniyVlU.— State Pa^eia, 1.. 
 
 1 1 \3d deelarei yaor smea'a 
 1 onto her. eha m& vp har 
 m meet hna>9>U tbaaka vnte 
 lb. 
 
 Muy fU! into • "w laga.— lb. 
 r lord, that I al^ The 
 lerred ma not ao apeh befoif 
 i« ramjimbiaDoa ef |la kinre 
 wjuk I rameaber how papioaa 
 u>a I hMl. t o«|Wit hot aorrow ; 
 DMicgr and aaan 'than I oould 
 
 utm or HKMBT Ttn. 
 
 8S5 
 
 Thia WM all the confraition that Cranmrr 
 eould extort firom the queen, after repeated 
 interviewa both by night and by day. Kven 
 suppoeing that tbeae worda, uttered during 
 the interval of aeveral nervoue attaoka, were 
 (WithfuUy repeated by the arohbiahop, it 
 would be impoaeibleto oonolude flomthem 
 that Katheriue had deflled the king'a bed. 
 Scarcely had Cranmer retired before the 
 unfortunate woman, having beccuae mora 
 calm, aought to diaavow all theaa confldan* 
 tial acknowledgmenta extorted ttom her 
 while under the influence of a fevered brain i 
 ■he grew pate, explained and commented 
 on every expreaaion, and ended by ewear^ 
 ing to God that Derham, in aoeuaing her, 
 had been ibduced to do ao by thraata or by 
 the appMcation of tortura.(*) 
 
 The anti-Catholic fkotiun had now been 
 more nuceeaiful than it had any raaaon to 
 expect Lanaella had delivered the R«< 
 /ormera of a woman who, according to tha 
 eiprefcaion of a Proteetant hiatorlan, waa 
 employing all her influenoa with the kinf 
 to restore Bnghuid to Popery.(^ It it 
 probable that Cranmer did not wiah that 
 hia triumph over Gardiner ahould be at* 
 tended with the death of Katherinas U 
 would have been auffloient fbr tha stteeaaa 
 of hia plana, that tha king ahonld repudUta 
 ber, and thia waa aU tiiat ha required. In 
 hia interviewa with the qaean, ha thar»> 
 fore employed bie noat ponuaaiva 
 eloquanca to indnea har to aokaowtadga 
 that aba had atrayad IWwi tha pntha of 
 virtue pravkma to bar naniaffa I Mid hnviair 
 ohtaiuad thia emtfeaaioa, wa have aaaa ia 
 what tarma he relied upon her eonaentiag 
 to perjure beraelf hy appealing to a 
 formal angafenent batwaen ber and bar 
 Mdueer before or after her faUt but ia thia 
 he waa aiatakeB. CnnnMr, it wm aaid. 
 
 b^ miaafTM anufe BMMhalaaw (haa they 
 did befm. And, <M ■om I ooutkler tl^ 
 treatnew of Ma meroy. the aoia I do eorrow 
 in lay keaMthatt ihould ao mlMWdar nyaelf 
 •«auuthi8aia|aaty.-^-8tMeiPaMra. 
 
 (a) And alter mydepntwe dw b4«aa ta 
 exrase and to iaai|er tj^aa thhrni which A* 
 had apokaa unto ma^ aad aet hnhand thereto, 
 for eke eatih. that IH that Detltaun did naio 
 herwaa^ ja t w p a t laBa fbnaflNBt, and b a 
 fT^.'^SS^ 9*'»^ thaaaf h«rft«aofl«aent 
 
 (»Mi#ia4ani^iMk 
 
 iiaagined that tha aeknowladgiaaal of a 
 contract with Derham would ranofu 
 Katharine firom the palace j and it ia ftotber 
 ■tated, that he endeavoured to eava har 
 life by repreaanting that the intimate eon> 
 nexion between ber and Derham neoeeaan|y 
 ■uppoaed tha axietence of a previoua oon- 
 tract;(*) a matrimonial thaoif which tha 
 king rafuaed to admit. Cranmer ehould not 
 ha^'e forgotten that tha verbal contract cf 
 Anna Bolayn with Percy had not lieea 
 available to aava bar f^om the aeaflbld. 
 
 Tha queen waa sent to Sion Houa% a 
 palace belonging to the Biabop of London, 
 Three apartnanta, richly deeoratad, but 
 divealed of tha royal tapeatry, were phwa4 
 at har diapoaitioa.(') Her auito waa ooa»> 
 poaad of few ladiea, two maida of honour, 
 and an ahaoaar, Nicholaa Haat, Biabop of 
 Bocheeter, aad Haary'aoonfhaa«>r.(*) Mre. 
 Seymour delivered to the qaeen, on the 
 part of Om king, aix hoode k Im /rmfi$t, 
 embroidered with gold, but without pearla 
 or dhtmonda,C) and varioua robee of relvei 
 aad aatia. Aaticipating tha aentence of 
 tha House of Lorda, Henry took poeeeaaion 
 of all tha quraa'a property.(f) llie judgea 
 aad oouBMllora having aaaembled in the 
 Star Chamber, Audley, the Chaaeelkw, "a 
 maa of apirit who favoured tha Baformatioa 
 whenever he eould without taenpfoaiiaing 
 hbBaelf,"(k) diaoloaed the imrignea of tha 
 queen with Derham, carefully rafhdnhig. 
 aeeordfaig to hia Inatruetioaa, from any 
 •Uuatoa to k piaviooa cootraet, «U«h 
 night have been alleged in WMOuiimtfn 
 foimw.O la dafhaea of ibo aaeaaa H oa, 
 ha nad tha depodMoaa of ■nmeraqa wid 
 aeaaao of k«th aafaa^ nooa of whoa had 
 beaa eoalktmlad with iha qnaaa. aad atatod 
 
 (•) Yet I aoppeae, ^n|y, II ia wflfiaat to 
 prove a ooalract, with canal oq^akiiea Mr 
 lowing.— State Papera, LMO. 
 
 ffi 5r.»'-"'- ; 
 
 (') lb. !.,«». 
 
 (t) Lhigard. 
 
 m RapmdeThoyraa. ■ '^ 
 
 (Ij Omyttlag aadlevhitoatMamihaaall 
 aaywiaetouoheth the precontracte. Sedlay to 
 Arohbislup Oraamer.— SiatePapera, I^ AM. 
 The king wu anwUMui thit any maatioa 
 ahould be a»d« hi the trial af a ■ aavleiM w>a« 
 tiaet lAkh additaetve u a defcaeatir 1U> 
 theilDa.— ThaOouaeU to Aiahkidiap CH» 
 — .—State Papam l.i 699. i 
 
 * 9 
 
 ■iJWMbiilifWiW*.**' > 
 
UWm or HBNBT Tin. 
 
 m 
 
 M Ae oMchMlca of hto tAAnu, that othtr 
 tiMffliiwbto acta. Mddm tm y«t uaU«r tha 
 dovda of aaeracy, woold no doubt ahortlj 
 ba brought to light by tha active inveetl- 
 gationa of the royal eoniiDiaeionen.(*) 
 
 Tha Chanoellor'a prediction waa aoon 
 fbifiUad, aad thoaa "cknida*' of which b« 
 liad epoken, a«d which concealed a poftaoa 
 of tha faeu, we»e aho^dy after disperaed 
 inter an inquiry confldad to the ofeatura* 
 of Cmmer ahd tha aaerat piomoten of 
 the akw doetrinea, it wit diaeovend tha* 
 diU jrooug woman waa Indeed an " ^wmi- 
 rnUe" ^teatoia. At tha age of aitaan, dia 
 bad had aeveral lovera at the aama timet 
 - allar her etoroten. at tha age of dgMaan, 
 ■bt had eoatiliawd to admit Dwfaaaa to her 
 b«d ia tha oalpaoity of har a^peolal fawourtta 
 Ud Inttaoau aaoetaiy. Both aa » naidaB 
 ud a wifc, aha had beato^ed her flMrtrari* 
 Hka a aeeond lleeealina, od all who 
 ■oQcilad thMU. Hcaiy Manost; a dm aid aa, 
 and Dariiaia, a geaOaaBaa of tha bad. 
 ehaabar, whom aha had kaowa alatoafe 
 bafora tha yaan of poberty, had apant tha 
 sight ia tha aama diambw with tha <iaaeat 
 aadamnadrharmaida; thna womaa wen 
 ia tha roon i& whioh on thaaama bad alap4 
 
 Darhaa. Kalheriaa. aad Lady Boehferd. 
 DnrfaHi tha kiag'a aqjofam atUacola. Lady 
 
 Bodrftotd, at etoraa o'dodi aft id^ had 
 iatradoaal into Kathariaa'a apartueat. 
 Oalp^patk ber eonria, who had Ml at four 
 b tha Mamiag. aarryjag away wMt him a 
 eap baalawad oa bin by hia aayw 
 
 BWoiy ia aot Ukaatilbtnil widi elaaaA 
 ■ aaaghtav at trath, Mfloraaaad 
 itnaanMi Why tharf ahoald U 
 
 tha BMta aanaoiatioa of which 
 
 , ^mm^mtlmfnlbMmf. WaeeN 
 
 taia^iNtf M tH# aaaab of A* O^naw, * 
 MBB wh« Ul tha imiMrial bad. night 
 ittarid^ for tha eoaapaay af tha aaiam » 
 tattUa ««aaawMBcarly<ldrty yaaraof 
 Mb void afawylbeltagafwAi*jr.«^ 
 itaijDiinil taahadbaad, Gandiaa. wfaoaa 
 
 yjjLamhiiiirdiriaFiaBBa.-aayiada'lhey. 
 
 befutiality waa prorerbial, aad who aarer 
 knew or heard aaything tb>t waa paaaing 
 in the imperial palace. Meaaalina. more- 
 orar, whenarer aha left the pahKe. took 
 eara to leave behind her all the omamenU 
 that migM lead to iMr being recogniacd. 
 But in this cafl«, we haw a woman of nine- 
 teen, who required the aid of witneeMa to 
 excite her imagination, and with the crown 
 of royiJty on het head, invited her chamber' 
 kklne, and avaa her maida of honour to 
 orgiea each aa are depicted in the moeaioe 
 of PoibpaiL 8i.a ia rapreeented aa having 
 given raadeavoaa to bar loven b the very 
 bed-ehamber of the king, ftariaee of en- 
 countering a jealoaa hnaband, fearleea alao. 
 of that Lad) Rochlbrd. who had already 
 denounced the real or imaginary inoaet of 
 the brother aad aiatar. aad regardlaae of the 
 awful fiMt, that the throne to which eiie 
 had been elevated by tha eapriea cif the 
 monarch, repsaed on tha coffina of three 
 wivae. What an wa to think of thoee 
 memban of tha Privy Coaneil who were 
 irilMng to travel a htonihad milaa in order 
 to eoQaet avidanea of Katharine's iacon- 
 tiaeaaa^ attd who, during twelve montha, 
 had aot baaa able to diaeover all thoee 
 hwera of high aad kw taak who apent 
 ttn^ aigfato hi tha qneea'a bad, without 
 evea a aciaaa to aapantathem from the 
 iMttaentioB of a iUa toaat And what aort 
 of cm^ogil lapaaa waa that ia which Heaiy 
 baaaicplfbvflftaaB aMMltfaa withoat being 
 awai^ that hb iriM waa tuning hia palaea 
 fail»tfbMthalt Wa maylearleaalyatoert, 
 that dm paara of Baghmd. by giviag«ra> 
 dtaoa to thaaa ridiodooa aeeatoiioBa, 
 ealumntahid aoaua«ieeBaa nxne thia diey' 
 MdthaahaaetCTortha^iiMD. 
 Iiappa«r8,howM«ar, Aa» tha anjortV" 
 
 admitted. Oa tha depoeition that Kathe- 
 finn had antbaaiaiiil Datham to aia har^ 
 that aha, had ai>fl(tfa« htoi M^b*«««- 
 taty. «l^ wbtta «t UaMln,; darbig the 
 kfa^e kat ananiao. aha had p«»«»^ 
 OnhwBMr to raaaii la h« «lta«> Hgeofr 
 withLliyBoetto(M;Jiri*«V«»#ta*- 
 ««i.g;«a jad|p»4a« •»i**»»^i 
 
 Ihay wto* pi^l^H JgJ ; 
 
i- 
 
 roTBrbial, and whoMver 
 nything tbU wm putiog 
 mIm*. Mcawlina. more- 
 the Ufl the vime; took 
 iad her all the oraamenta 
 to her being recoRniacd. 
 ir« h*v« a woinan of nine* 
 id the aid of witneaMa to 
 lation.and with the crown 
 bead, ioTitcd herohainber* 
 
 her maida of hunour to 
 ra depicted in the moeaioa 
 I ia rvpreaented aa haviBg 
 I to her lovera ia the verjr 
 the king, fnurleaa of en- 
 o«ia hnaband, fearleaa alao, 
 oohfotd. who had already' 
 -aal or imaginary ibeaet of 
 tiatar, and regardleae of the 
 
 tlie throne to which aiie 
 ted by the espriea oif the 
 ed OD the coffina of three 
 ira wa to think of thoee 
 I Prhrf CowmU who were 
 
 a htonAMd mllea in order 
 mea of Katharine's incon. 
 Imh doling twelve owntha, 
 able to diaeoTW all thoee 
 
 lad law isak whtf apent 
 I tiM qoaon'a bad, without 
 to aapwato them firom the 
 MtUrtaaat And what aort 
 aaa waa ibat in which Heaiy 
 h»m oMittM wiUuNrt Mng 
 «rtM WM toniBg Ui palaee 
 Wa aMyftarieaalyaaMrt. 
 
 of Bngtaad. by giTiiW<M- 
 M ridiodoM acatfakiona. 
 ■mMi aeaaa mwe thia Ihey 
 ICT of tiie 411MD. 
 mwai^, that the «i^»rl^o» 
 
 I the dapodtion that Kathe- 
 Mlnd Daahav to aaa h*ri 
 aMtoydr hfau' aa hir tecre- 
 uiTfel liaMln, AuAig the 
 aanion. aha kMl parouMed 
 
 Bhfo*u«iri*«y«fci#*»Aa 
 
 Ltrv or HiMRt mi; 
 
 adalt«ry.(*) And, on thia praaumption, 
 theae two gentlemen were deolared guilty 
 of high treaa(>n.(^) Thay were loft at the 
 Tower for ten days, in the hope that thay 
 might be induced to eonfeee aomething 
 that would Milord mf>ra oonviueing ptoof of 
 their adultery .(«) Bat they made no further 
 diacloauiaa f. vhereupoo Wriotbealey wrota 
 aa fbOo^a :— " We coneld«r that wa hiTa 
 nothing more to aspect inm Derham, and, 
 conaequently, unleee wa tecaiva oontnry 
 ordere firom hie m^aaty, wa a|>p9int tha 
 0th of Daeenber aa tha day of hia axeeu* 
 tion.*'(') Derham threw hiaaalf on tha 
 clemency of hie majea^, who replied that 
 he did not deaarre it, aad that tha aiera- 
 tion muat therefore take plaoe.(*) In eon- 
 aidaration of hia family/f ) Culpepper waa 
 moat gradoualy permitted to be beheaded 
 at lybum. Derham waa hanged and 
 quartered, and tha heada of both ware 
 expoead on London Biridgo. 
 
 The Ung'e vengeniMa aeit fill vpoa all 
 thoee who, having been awaia of tha pra- 
 riooa Ucijoarbetweea Derham and Katho* 
 rina at the Duohaaa af Norfhlk'a, had not 
 denonnoadthem. Thqr alao ware criminal, 
 aaid tha eonneeOore of tha prince 1 tha 
 duehaaa fbr aot having pvbliahed ^ 
 ■hame of her gnad-daoghter^ber dtnghter, 
 tha Dodieaa ^Bridgawatar, Ltord WUliam 
 Howard aad hhi wile, aad aiaa other jm- 
 aona ia tha anile of «ba dowager, for haviag 
 upoaed Ida w^aa^e hoaowr aad hirlifc. 
 Their eUeaea w«* oaaatraed iatoanAuMl 
 to TwreaJ aa aolof tiaaaon, a eriaMthalwaa 
 puaiahabte by tie kw. The dneheea, at 
 thatiaia (rf Deihaa*a arteat, had raiaovad 
 aome pqiera ttim a deak belonging to that 
 gentkoMia. aad the M*y CooaoU amoiaad 
 hardoa^oa thaawiiea af thin ayatari- 
 
 (a) Tkna we lean, flmatha U^mM poMribla 
 aothort^. that Pmk ini wlh w i l aw p waaaiatiTe 
 ovidenee ealy ; net that ha had wn«gea the 
 .11 jMi, *i« ahia<ha/tad faaaaitwl 4a la- 
 
 ^^Sr«ah« «M-4Ua^5«IUfa4. !▼.. 
 
 
 n. 
 
 oua aet. Why had eha opaaad tha deaki 
 What were the contente of the letterathat 
 ehe had taken oot of iU Why had ahe 
 not eent them to tha aiaiatara) Thaae 
 lettera, no doubt, oontainod aome proof d 
 traeaon againat hia nu^eety. It waa aald 
 to Lord William Howard : " You were ia* 
 iormed. while at Calais, of Katherina'a 
 Uaajew with Derham, and, aarartheleea, 
 you did not inform tha king of them. If 
 Dampoat, another gaatlaaiaa* waa toldi 
 " You wave in tha qoaaa'a afartaiaat, wkm 
 a Udy, apeaking of Derham. aaidi 'Ha ia 
 one oif her lorera who haa bean aant to 
 Iialaml,'(a) aad yoo lamafaMd ailaatr 
 Neither of theae priatnara waa* aaafraatod 
 with their aeeuaara, btooi^ before. aaf 
 tribunal, or allowed any aoat cf trid : att 
 tha eridMMe that eould b4 adduced agaiaal 
 them eonaiatad of eopiae of ooafeeaioaa 
 obtaiaed from them by iniquitoaa meaaa. 
 Tlia witaeaaae that ware eiawinad in pri. 
 vato bad aeen aothiagi they aiarely ra* 
 latad what thay had heard. Tha ezamina* 
 tioo waa condootad by tha Maalar of tha 
 BoHa, tha Attornay aad SoUdtor-Gaaaial, 
 aad three of the Privy GoaaeiUera. The 
 Jadgaa ware neither gilded by tha evidaaao 
 of tha faota, nor tha vaneity of the wit> 
 ■aawa, bat aotoly by the will of the mooaaA, 
 whom they frequaatty ooaaoited duriog tha 
 iavcati|ation. The king tra ^amit tad to 
 them Ua doabia, aad hia peraooid conRia* 
 tioB% aad thay Urtoaed to him m 
 he were a €k>d. ia ordaf to extort 
 atoaartha eoma w ai i owa r e e a gp liy a d paiiiia- 
 lion, pMNBiaaa, »a a aaaa , aad.tott)iBa. Ote 
 wonMn gaaeraUy yielded on eeeing tha ia> 
 at ra mea M «f teatan. aad with lean in 
 their fy^ ^'4*^ ** P**» ""^ «*Wrj 
 thdbr ,wmkmtmM>4fM m^ <«|bP 
 
 aa a paooi; or «atharM [iniiamriw mi- 
 daneaorttair nOltndottiyapnMoatptl^ 
 thijweneaa&bcMltfdU. Loid,WUM»ii 
 Howard ntlral avinead e onMm A h jtan- 
 ti^btffon Aa Myal^ommiaatoaarai hot 
 pl^Jlm |rw^ he beoanietfrnM aadD^ 
 timitmrnmrJi tha hwg. f|i,aiaFW>9^ 
 «f Ua aounoil. iaaaaipto(l ^m 
 
 fjli TUaJpJia who fled away to Irekuid jBi 
 thafBM^m.-8late^(Ve^ L,7qi. T 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 
 # 
 
 -lismm 
 
 mm 
 
 #iii»miHii»»,i*i»ii<iliWit>«i*i' a" -'■ 
 
MS 
 
 uri or BiN>T Tin. 
 
 tt«m «Im 1wU«.(*) Damport ntu$»d to 
 aeknowladfft hlmsaU guUty.C^) 
 
 OcMlTtd by a young Kirl who hail dand 
 
 •ator tht royal bad, aftar havkax loat har 
 
 Tirglnity. Hanry pioaeoatad aran tha fmnda 
 
 of Katberina and Darham at tha DuohaM 
 
 of Norfolk'a and tha oouncil araa intaraitad 
 
 in aaoonding hie loyal fury. Soaroely had 
 
 tha oftader antared hia priaan, ara tha 
 
 royal offioera leiaad on all hii proparty, hit 
 
 femituia. bia JawaUary. hia clothaa. hie 
 
 plala and tabla linan. til of which wara 
 
 a4)udffad to tha crown on the wina day 
 
 that tha bill of Attaindar waa publiahad. 
 
 No tiipa waa loal in having tha tantanoa 
 
 paaaad. for, had ha diad bafora hia eonvio* 
 
 tioa* bia proparty could nol hara baan 
 
 eonlaealcd to tha king.(*) It wu aaay at 
 
 that period to form an aatimata of tha 
 
 valua of a priwnar'a fbrtuna flrom tha 
 
 anxiety of tha commiaaionera to bring tha 
 
 inveatigakion to a eonelaiion. Puniibmant, 
 
 in thaaa eaaaa, did not ooma with faltaring 
 
 atapa aa in tba fbbla i it would, if poaalbla, 
 
 hava baan aoppliad with winga, and tha 
 
 aotiTa ofl^ia murdaroua calarity waa no 
 
 aoorat. Hanea, in tha e»M of tha Ducbaaa 
 
 of Norfolk, tha oouncil wai eaiaful to 
 
 obeanro. that tha dowager being old and 
 
 inflna, it would be naoeaeary that aha. aa 
 
 waU aa her aecomplicei, ibould ba triad 
 
 immadiately. in order that Parlianant 
 
 night legally take poeaetaion of har pro- 
 
 party, in caaa ihe ihoald die bafora tha 
 
 Ull of Attainder waa paMad.(') 
 
 Tha mambera of the Privy Coundl, Lord 
 loathainpion. Wriothaaley and Sadler, an- 
 
 (a) It were too long, being nowa ao lata, to 
 write all hia wordM need in hli nbmisiton, 
 but, to be abort, U wu both for (he kinge'e 
 miieataa honor in the oooftarion of tha oftnoo, 
 BBd for axampla, u good waa to be *"*»«•■-- 
 Kingly ConncU in London, to the oouncil with 
 5eUn«.— State Pap<i% L, 736. 
 
 M UngMd. 
 
 y~, Baoonde. for aa moehe aa the m old and 
 taetye. and may per caia, upon tha committing 
 of har, tdM it ao W u ■#>< pntt her inperifl 
 of hat Ufo. wQ Uo M^ieatethat iha, and alto th« 
 not apadfled in onr aayde former leUera, ahall 
 ba huuctad of miaprialonof treaaon. whiche wa 
 Ainka may be within four or five daya, wheteble 
 the parliament ah^ have baUer grownda to 
 OMUteke theyia g^dea. if any of Iham ahoM 
 'ehauBca. before thayre atteyndonr, to dia.— 
 •lata Papai% I., 70ft. 
 
 nouncad to hia mi^laaty in traaaporta of 
 Joy. that they had found in the houae of 
 the old duohoM 1,000 marka in aihrar coin, 
 and to tha value nf 000 or 7U0 in pkte. 
 Nothing could exceed their delight on 
 hearing har acknowledge that ahe had 
 concealed £M0, which were about to 
 beoome the property of the king. At thia 
 eonfbaaion, thqr eould no longer keep the 
 aecrat that the king had eonfUled to them i 
 "Hia benign mi^ty bad granted the 
 guilty woman her Ufa." Th« ducheM fell 
 down almoat aenaaleea. wrung her banda. 
 and with teara in her eyea, could acarealy 
 exprete her thanka to har graeioua aave> 
 raign.(*) Sir John Goratwich and John 
 Skinner were aent to Ryegale to aearcb 
 tha houae of Lord Willlan Howard, and 
 draw up an inventory of all hia proparty. 
 Sir Richard Long and Sir Thomaa Pope 
 were commiaalonad to place tha aaal of 
 aequeatration on the property of tha 
 Counttu of Bridgawatar at Soutbwark.(') 
 The bill once paaaad, aaithoraga, aiekneaa, 
 nor auShring wu aUowed to plead In favour 
 of the condemned peraona. Without tha 
 royal permiaalon, nothing oould be altered 
 in the ngulatloM at tba Tower. Somo- 
 timea, the royal riaitora thamaelvaa, moved 
 to compaaaion at tha auflninga of thoaa 
 whom they would probably never aao 
 again, humbly aaksd Hanry to allow them 
 to breathe tha fireeh air In the courU of 
 their priaon i(f ) but Henry waa Inexorable. 
 Who doea not roeolloet the laat momenta 
 of MeaaaUna, aa daecribed by Tacituaf 
 Lying in tha gardane of Lueullu^ with her 
 mother Lepida aealad by her aide to conaola 
 her, aha awaited tiU death ahould tenninata 
 a life which ahe daNd not deatroy with har 
 own hand. Katharine Howard waa even 
 more to be piUed than tha wife of Claudlua. 
 No one, not even har rakdvoo. viaited the 
 oaptivo at Sion Hooao. Urn mother waa 
 
 li 
 
 !•> StaU Papeia, ib. 
 
 iil"- 
 
 ,v And anrely thay be •• •to«»jN»"k 
 their imprleonmeat that wa think divwaa ef 
 them cannot long lyre, naleaa it ahaU atoaae 
 
 hto Mi«i«t« «>»•» ^^ ""y **? ""TSf* K^' 
 Tower with aumme reafoet and ooniHtofth^ 
 freeadaat wherln we leaaiia yea »• knawe 
 hia MaiaateepleaattiaaadthaaamatoaliniM 
 HBto«a!3The«wnoU la Leadtil.to thoooandl 
 with the king.— lb.. L. 7M. 
 
n»4*^ ^ IrtMporto of 
 had found in tb« boiiM of 
 S,000 mtrki in lUvtr eoio, 
 BM nf 000 ot 700 in pUto. 
 •MMd tholr doliglit on 
 knowlodgo that aha had 
 , whloh wan about to 
 IMTtj of tha king. At thia 
 r eould no longor kaap tha 
 ling bad eonfUlad to tham i 
 mt^tj bad grantad tha 
 erUfb." Tba duchaN fall 
 oaalaaa, wrung bar banda. 
 in bar ajaa. could aearetly 
 inka to bar graeioua aora* 
 lobn Ooratwicb and Joan 
 wnt to Rjragala to aaarcb 
 ord WUllam Howard, and 
 rantory of all bia propartj. 
 ing and Sir Tbomaa Popa 
 onad to plaea tba aaal of 
 on tba proparty of tha 
 idgawatar at 8outbwark.(') 
 laaadt naitharaga, aieknaaa, 
 ka aUowad to plaad In fk?our 
 Dad paraona. Without tha 
 B, nothing could ba altarad 
 ona at tba Towar. Soma- 
 riaitora tbamaalraa, morad 
 at tba auflninga of tboaa 
 rould probabtj neTar laa 
 aaksd Hanrjr to allow tham 
 , firaah air in tba courU of 
 but Hanrj waa inexorabla. 
 >t raeollaet tba laat nomanta 
 aa daacribad by Tacitua^ 
 urdana of LiueuUtt% with bar 
 •eatad by bar aida to eonwla 
 d till daath ahould tanninata 
 • daNd not daatroy with bar 
 jitbarina Howard waa aran 
 ad than tba wifa of Claudiua. 
 van bar ralafivaa. viaitad tha 
 n Hooat. Bar mothar waa 
 
 Mia^ib. 
 
 ihr thay ba aa ehaaaiai wlih 
 iMt thai wa think diveiaa U 
 iC lyra, unlaaa it ahall plaMa 
 t thay may baw Ubartya ta tha 
 ima raaftitt and aonlMrtof thair 
 in wa laaaiia yon to knawa 
 MMUia and tha aaoM to iliaiBa 
 oraali ial«ite.to thaofMscU 
 •ih.tL|7M. 
 
 Mfc or liiMnT Tilt. 
 
 lit 
 
 daad 1 but iha had atill an unela, tba Ouka 
 of Norfolk, Arat ininiatcr <if the crown. 
 Norfolk miKht hare gone to Parliament 
 and inaiatad on hia niece being tried before 
 tha Houta of Lorda, confronted with her 
 aoeuaere, haard in her own defence, and 
 judged according to the laws oi the coun- 
 try ) but Norfolk made no appeal in her 
 behalf. We have seen how the conqueror 
 of Flodden behaved towarda Anne Boleyn, 
 whoae defence he interrupted by ahaking 
 hia bead and uttering certain monnayllablea 
 in token of hia incredulity. On bearing 
 of tha arraat of aavaral mambera of hia 
 fkmily. Norfolk inunadiataly addraaaad hia 
 •ovaniign, not for tba purpoaa of defending 
 »be honour of hia relativee, who, aaid ha, 
 would nut have incurred tha rigoroua 
 puniabncut which they were then auffaring, 
 had they not been guilty of aoma aot of 
 traaaon againat hia majeaty, but in order to 
 manifaat hia davotedneea to tha king, and 
 to remind him that thia odioua plot had 
 bean diaoovered, in part, at laaat, through 
 tha ravelationa of a faithful aubject. Ha 
 waa aware that thaaa denunoiationa would 
 plaad for him t that tha infamoua traaaon 
 pf hia two nieeea and bia niotbar>in-law, 
 who waa not very foud of him, would not 
 ooeaawn him tba loaa of bia aovereign'a 
 good gnoaa.(*) 
 
 Katbarina had bean aaveral montha at 
 Sion Houaa when Parliament enaowad a 
 bill of Attainder, after having obtained 
 bia majeety'a panniaaion to thia effect. 
 Thia bill, which waa laad for tha firat 
 tima on tba aiat of January, 1543, could 
 only bava been brought forward on a proof 
 of adultery. Crannar, the Duka <rf Not' 
 folk, and tha Earl of Southampton, were, 
 tbarafore, numinatad by tha Chanoellor to 
 intarroga^a ±» quaan.(k) They were to 
 
 (•) Whereimra. moat gracioaa aoveieign 
 lord, proetraU at your feet, meet hnmUy I 
 beeeaoh you m^eety to eall to your remeoi- 
 branca that a neat part of thia matter kx 
 oome to U|ht by my deolantioa ti« voor 
 mi^ee^....WUoh my true i>roceediii(i 
 towarda your mi^ty being oonifdeied, and 
 alao the mall love my two falee tiaitoioae 
 aiaeea and my molhar-in-law, have bome onto 
 BM, doih put aM in aoma hopa, that your high- 
 naaa will not oonoaifa any dk q y la aa ur e in yotw 
 i.aMatg«atla haart afiiaat me. 
 
 C*) llaptndaThoyraa^ 
 
 prooead to Sion Houaa, and repeat tbataad 
 farce which tba archbiabop bad previouily 
 performed in hia interviewa with Anne 
 Uoleym to hold up to her the prinoe'a 
 mercy and equity, and in eaaa of a full and 
 entire oonfeneion, promite her a free pardon. 
 But thia project, it appears, waa not accept- 
 able to the Privy C<mDcil.(«) Suffolk and 
 the Earl of Southampton want alone la 
 receive the prisoner'a oonfeeiinn. Suffolk, 
 on the third reading of tha bill, infbrmed 
 tha lorda that Katharine bad acknowledged 
 beraaif guilty towards God, towarda tba 
 king, and towarda the country.(') During 
 bia apaaeb the Commona arrived, and 
 abortly after a maeeaga waa announced 
 from bia m^eaty. In the reqoiaition which 
 they bad addreeaed to tha king, tba Lorda 
 and Commona intreatad biro not to 
 allow bimielf to ba too much afflicted 
 about a miafortuna to wh^ch every ona 
 bearing the title of husband was liable } to 
 consider the frailtiea of human nature, tha 
 instability of all human affsirs, and to acak 
 hie coQtoktion in these Chrietian conai« 
 derat)on8.(<) They besought him further 
 to give bia aanction to the bill, not in 
 peraon, aa that might only tend to ranair 
 hia grief and injure bia health, but bj 
 an official nomination of oommieaionara. 
 And aa then wu an exiating statute wbieh 
 declared any ona guilty of misprision tt 
 treason, who should speak or write anything 
 againat tha king or queen, they implored 
 Henry'e clemency, if, during tba trial, aoae 
 of their membara ahould ba compelled to 
 tranegreaa thia biw.(') 
 
 Tba king'a reply bad Just arrived, ooiw 
 vaying to Parliiunant a full pardon for 
 anything that it might ba compelled to 
 adduce againat tha queen, and authority to 
 condemn brr to death aa well aa bar ooa- 
 fldant. Lady Rochford, who bad witneaaad 
 all her eeoret amoar8.(r} For tha AttoM 
 protection of thrir well>beh>ved a ow r ai ga 
 ngainat the ohaneea of theae oa^}«gal mi»> 
 fortunee, from which king* ara no mom 
 azempt than ocber mortabi, Parliamant 
 
 «) Joumala of ParJiaaBant, M Henry VIII. 
 d) Liogard. 
 
 •) Hmne.—Bohard'a Hist of Kngiand. 
 'i\ HnoM.— B^iadaThagfiaa. 
 Hnma. ,' ' 
 
 
 tUgsmiMmM 
 
 .umisa 
 
MO 
 
 Lin or ■iNin ▼in. 
 
 itclifri anf iadifidwl • tetihor to Um 
 tU k $t who, OB bacomioK acquainted with 
 th* imgulariliM of th« quaan, thould not 
 lBinMil»tely revMl them to tha kion i any 
 yoiuK wooMD who, having loat bar vir- 
 ginity, ahould praaume to mnrrjr ibn aova- 
 nifo ( any quaan of Bngland who ahouJd 
 allow baraalf to ba aaduead i any individual 
 who ahould pay hu wldnaaaa to tb« quean, 
 or mako to bar a daelaration of lova, oithar 
 by wtiAoti, vivA roca, or through a third 
 paraon i and laatly, any ona known to bava 
 Mrrad bar aa a ooniidant or witnaaa in aaeh 
 aboadoabl* i0trignaa.(*) Tba king gava 
 bia aaaation to tkia atatota wbidt> aawitad 
 ■o littla ridieolo throogbont tba kingdom. 
 It WM aaid that PuUamant bad by tbia 
 ■d probibilad HMuy Craaa marrying any 
 olbar than a widow, for what young woman 
 would tbaneaforth hara tha eouraga to 
 accapt tha kin^'a band t(^) 
 
 On toa lOtL of Fabruary, Katbarina, 
 •eeompaniad by tha Duka of Soflblk, 
 antarad a barga which procaadad alowly 
 dowa tha Thamea, at that pariod ganerally 
 •OfMrad with a danaa fog, whidi on tbia 
 oecaaiOD would doubtlau concaal from bar 
 dm haada of bar aadnoar, Derham. and of 
 ktr emialn. Culpapper. Tbaaa two haada, 
 it will ba ramambciad, bad baaa expoaad 
 for tha laat two montha on London 
 Bridgo^*) Sha aaoanded iba traitort atapa, 
 aad waa locatad in ona of tha dnngaona af 
 Iba Towar. Li poi k volt, tba naual for- 
 mnlary appondad to all wamata fur ezacu- 
 tioa*, btd been maila knawn to Ktaigaton, 
 tha eonatable of the Towar, about two 
 d^a Iwfaii. Nothing waa now laft to 
 Katbarina bat to inrapan for daatbi aha 
 tharaCata aant ibr bar confmaor. Or. Long- 
 toBd, t hat Biabop of lineoln, whom Hanry 
 ardaaad to eimipoaa an epitiialBdum on bia 
 kamr Mniagas " My Rwrarand Father," 
 «M aha to bfan. before aeaaading tba aeaf- 
 hid, "m the nana of God and Ua holy 
 aagela, aad on tha aaWatktn of my aa«l, 
 I ewear that I am inooeeat of tha crime 
 vhkh ftriiament baa eondemned ne to 
 U I nerer defiled the king'a bed. 
 
 Stalataa of the Beafaa. 
 MiaStdaldaad. 
 
 Aa for tha faolta of my yontb, I do not 
 aaak to palliate thami God will ba my 
 Judge for tham, and ha will pardon ma. 
 Pray arith ma to Hia Son Jaaoa Chriat, my 
 Saviour, that Ha may vouohaafe to bava 
 marcy on m:"{*) On the Itth of Feb. 
 roary, tha priaon-door wu thrown open, 
 and Katharine, acoompaaiad by her oon- 
 feeaor and folktwed by Lady Roohford, 
 advanced lowarda the littla hill oppooite 
 the ehnrch of St. Peter ad Vinoula. On a 
 riaing ground, tba atonee of wblob atill 
 Indicate the spot, waa erected the ecaffold 
 which had been aaoanded by Anna Boloyn, 
 Lord BoebflMd, tha Maiquia of Bxater. and 
 the aged Countaea of Saliabory. Katha- 
 lina waa beheaded tha Arat. Before laying 
 her head on tba block. Lady Roohford aaid 
 to the apaotatora, that aha dia* iu expiation 
 of the crime which aba had committed in 
 onioatly denouncing Anne Boleyn and bar 
 buaband, but that aba waa pure tiom any 
 other atain.(*) 
 
 Waa Katharine Howard an adu H e t eea f 
 No ona will dare aay ao, after having read 
 tha bill of Attainder by which a)ie waa oon- 
 demned on "moia pnaamptiona,"(') the 
 official corraa p oadenee of tha State Papare, 
 Cranmar'a iaveatigatioa and Suffolk'a 
 report. In all her aekaowledgmento, there 
 ia not a word that can juatify the aoapicioB 
 of her having been aa anfidtbfU wife. 
 That aha yielded, beforo bar maniage, to 
 tba aalioitatioaa of Derbam oaaaot be 
 deaiedt but aba Ml onder tba band 
 of the ezeoutioaer for having married 
 Henry after tha loaa of bar virginity. 
 Hietoriana are unanimooa in aeknowledgiag 
 tlw great influence which abe bad obtained 
 over bar royal hoaband j a4d tbia ialBaaee 
 
 wiSk 
 
 ;<) Speed.— Carta.— Bfroat. 
 •) Oregorio Lati. 
 
 
 ') Familiariaad aa the people now 
 the eight of blood,, it waa not without 
 aome IkeliMa of aatioaal abaaenant tlMt thay 
 beheld aaoiher qoeaa igaoBdaiouily lad to the 
 eoaflbUI, and thifl, wo may add. Co die not 
 aeconUng to law, but in delaaee of the lawi 
 ti BnglaiMl, which bava prvvided, ^ the 
 aaeuiity of human life, thM no mae dtall be 
 put to death withont a ibir aad open trial.— 
 Tytler. AaMm* the MM at Lambelb we 
 meet with the foUoving paaMga : •• TUa day, 
 Pebiaaiy Mih^waB esacated Qneaa KalheHaa, 
 in many ihnrlring miadamaeniwita. ihowflh eaaia 
 do a^woae bar to be iBapoaat.*(^Na. W. 
 
uilU of 07 foath, I do not 
 ■te thamt Ood will b« my 
 im, and h« will pardon ma. 
 
 to Hia Sob Jaaoa Chriat, my 
 
 Ha may vouohaafa to hava 
 a.'V) On tha Itth of Fab. 
 iaoD-door waa thrown open, 
 M, acoompaniad by bar oon- 
 ollowad by Lady Roohford, 
 rarda tha litUa hill oppoaita 
 
 St. Patar ad Vinoula. On a 
 d, tha atonaa of which ttill 
 pot, waa aractad tha acaflbld 
 an aaoandad by Anne Bolaya, 
 rd, tha Marquia of Exeter, and 
 iinteaa of Saliabory. Kathe* 
 ladad tha firat. Before laying 
 be block. Lady Roohford said 
 ora, that aha die* la expiation 
 
 which the had eommittad in 
 runcioK Anna Boleyn and her 
 
 that tha araa pure horn any 
 I 
 
 irina Howard an adu he iaaa ) 
 lara aay ao, after havion read 
 ininder by which a)ia waa oon- 
 "meia piaaomptiont,"(') tha 
 pondanea of the State Papaia, 
 imreatigatioa and Suffolk'a 
 U bar aekaowladiimenu, tfiera 
 
 that can Juatify the anapieioa 
 Dg been aa mfidthfU wife, 
 dad, bafoio bar ■Miriage, to 
 one of DariNm aanMl be 
 \ aba Ml osdar tha hand 
 nitioaar for having married 
 
 tha loaa of bar Tirginity. 
 b ttnanimooa in aeknowladging 
 uenea which aba bad obiaiiied 
 1 hatband j a4d thia ininanea 
 
 -Carte.— Bvraat. 
 oLeti. 
 
 hriaed aa the people now W9re 
 tt of blood,, it waa not without 
 of national abaeenent tlMt they 
 r queen i^neeiiBioaity led to tike 
 thifl, we may add. Co die not 
 hiw, but in daflaoee of the lawi 
 fhioh kara prerided, tot the 
 innan life, thM no (me dtall be 
 without a ftiir and open trial.— 
 on* the MM at LambeA we 
 I following paataae : •' TUa day, 
 >,.wiB axeonted Qnaen KatheHaitk 
 king aiadetBBaaewa, llMNKdiai 
 f to ba inpoent.'i^Ne^Mt. 
 
 Lira Of BBIIIII Tfll. 
 
 8tl 
 
 wae thfaatening to orartum tha Reforma- 
 tion ( for, the young queen, by religion and 
 ibmily eonneaitin. belonged to the Catholic 
 party, and the Reform party, under the 
 diiaotion of Cranmar, waa intereeted in 
 working out hir ruin, llie revelationa of 
 a miacrable wretch enabled the primate to 
 overcome the only obetaole to the tooom* 
 pliebnient of hit deeigna. It la per|)apa 
 juat to believe that Cranmar did not wiah 
 to purobaae the triumph of hia doctrinal 
 by Katharine'e death, for he eought in the 
 Artt inatanoa te tare her firom the toulfuld, 
 by recommending her to plead a previona 
 oonlraot, a propuaal wbioh aba rejected 
 
 with a nebla indignation worthy frf tha 
 illuitriout name which the bore. He next 
 came to her with a promiia of pardon 
 which the king had perhape mad^, but 
 wlueh a huaband, wounded in to teuiitiva 
 a manner aa Henry, oould not be expected 
 to keep. Cranmar, who withed to maka 
 bimaalf tha leader of a aect, calculated, by 
 hia denunciation of the queen, on dia- 
 gracing her without tending bar to tha 
 toaffold. But he knew hia matter, and ha 
 ought 'o have reflected that Henry would 
 ahow the tame aeverity to the dishonoured 
 bride at to the adultaroua wife. Cranm* 
 prepared tha vietin, Henry alaughlarad il. 
 
 OHAFTER XUV 
 
 WAR WITH FRAMCE.-154a. 
 
 Henry eeekt in vain to lead Franeia I. into tehitm.— Oaotei of the rapture betweeu tlicte loo 
 
 Kneea.— Letfoe ot Henry and Cberlae V. amlnat France.— Opention* nf tlie F.mperor.— 
 ige and Oepture of Boqlogne by Henry.— Dafcetion of Oharlei ▼.— DangeT* inennred by 
 Henry, who ratame to RngUnd.— Naval war between Fraaoe and En|^d.— Peaoe and eUienee 
 between tlia loo natioae. 
 
 HufgT had long expaotad ihat Francit 
 would aupport liim in hia aehiam, and that 
 Franca, following tha example of England, 
 would aapfnta firom unity t bnt Franoia 
 raeitted all the aolicitationo of hia ally, and 
 if he did eonaaat to tcrve Hanry'a deaigpa, 
 it waa only ao fiw aa tha altar waa con* 
 oerned.(*} The political motive for tha 
 Valoia'a icf^ual to quaR^ with Roma waa, 
 that Bohitm would have Introduced bareay 
 into Fran^ and hereay would have bean 
 compeUad to adopt a ciaad. But what 
 creed would hova {Hneyailed ? Placed at 
 tha conflnai of Ganaaaj, Fhmeia beheld 
 all tboaa eonatriaa in which t)w new doiy 
 trine had triniaphad torn by internal qnar* 
 1*1% and eoir.tinually Uiouring to aidtati- 
 tuta a new eraad for the old Catbolio Cata* 
 ehiam. ZuiagUaa, bom hia mouataia 
 ntiaa^ had aadaavoiuad la aadoea tha 
 
 (•) Pela. 
 
 Franoh monarch by an expotition of fbith, 
 from which the dogma of the Real Preeenoo 
 had been baniahed. Calvin, In the preface 
 to hia " Chriatian Inttitute," invited him in 
 pompoua terma to unite himtelf to tha 
 Church of Geneva, in which it wat taught 
 that tha election or reprobation of man 
 depended aolely on the will of Gnd.Ci*) 
 Carlatadt inviud him to form a part of tha 
 Jeruaalatn which he had diacovered. by 
 breaking thoae imagea which Chriatitn 
 art had coUaetad in the Teutoi^ ohurchre. 
 Luther, in order to gain him over to the 
 doctrinal code of VlttemlMrg, ahowed him 
 that pearl which he had found on the wHy, 
 and which he detignated faith without 
 worka. Oaiander wrote to him ^rom 
 Nuremberg, to propote to him aa a truth 
 neceeaaty for ailvation, hia juatifieation 
 
 (b) Calvin, Inat. 
 Andin'a OKtvin. 
 
 111., oh. XXII. { 
 
8M 
 
 MVi or ■■MiiT rut. 
 
 •:|i 
 
 '^iimtod by Ui« Intimfttc unton of Um mb- 
 ■UntUl Juitic* of God with ouif •outa. 
 Augiburf Umptoi! him by a conf««iloo of 
 hith dteui«d by ih« Holy Spirit himMlf. 
 but with dMBcuUy, If w« ni«y Judgo from 
 iU rtyto. Franeii, anduad *iih a praoticaJ 
 mind, eoon parcaiTad thai »ha Raforoatlon 
 aowad diaoord and anawhy whararar II 
 appaaradi that inatead of adopting a uni- 
 fom oMod, it intriMlucad a multiplicity of 
 eonfaaaiona. which gava rlaa to InwrmiBabla 
 quamla i that in Garmany, U had aofen- 
 darcd thouiandi of aaota, aa«h of which 
 claimed tha right to conatltuta Itaslf a 
 Ohiiatian rapobUoi thai Cariitadt, (Eoo- 
 bmpadiua. Oilander. Schwanokfald, Muii- 
 ■ar, Bockold. tha apirilual eona of Luthar. 
 daniad thair fcthar, and Uught in tiiair 
 Ittroa contradictory doctrinea, all of which 
 ware lapraaeniwl aa procaading from tha 
 Spirit of llRht. But humanly apaaktng. 
 what would hava become of tha fine coun- 
 try of France, had Francia allowed her to 
 become a prey to thii awarm of hercaiarcha 
 who could not agree among themaelvee, 
 Md who curied and anatbamatiaed one 
 anotheri who, aa Storcb. preached tha 
 eommunUy of proporty t ■• Cailatwlt, the 
 duatniotioD of imagea j aa Hermann, poly- 
 gamy i and aa Calvin and ZuingUua. fatal- 
 imn and tha alavery of the human will i 
 And if he oMi hia eyea upon England, had 
 be not reaaon to congratulate bimaelf for 
 not having llauned to the counaela of 
 Henry VIII., when be aaw the torrenta of 
 blood that had flowed in the eatabliabment 
 of that apirilual aupremacy which the king 
 had aTroo<*d to bimaelf ( 
 
 Tha euppori which Franda had in- 
 variably giren to the authority of the Pop* 
 waa oonatrusd by Henry into an inaull. 
 Hence Henry'a coobaeaa towarda hia brother. 
 Francia. on hia aide, bad fell himaalf 
 alighted by the marriage of Henry with 
 Anne Boleyn, after hia proniae at Boulogne 
 to delay the union. But the immediate 
 cauae of tha rupture waa the alliance of 
 (he King of Franca witii the Kinga of 
 Scotland, thoee implacable enemiea of the 
 Xndora. One of Henry'e favourite ideaa 
 waa to indte Scotland againat the rapremacy 
 of the Pope, and to introdnce into that 
 UB|dom the RafonnatiMi. which ha had 
 
 Juat aueeeeded in impoeia^ en England. 
 Matthew Stewart. Earl of Lanoi, waa at 
 thai time el the TuUleriae, and Fraoda. 
 who knew the hatred thai Lenoi bore to 
 KoKland. had aent that nobleman into 
 Scotlai.d, to support Cardinal Beaton and 
 the Queen Mother, who had always shown 
 themselves aealoua partisans of tha Valois.(*) 
 Len«x set out, with a prom'se of money 
 anJ troops, which Fran«ls was to sand in a 
 short time. The arrival of Lenos rekindled 
 the hatred which the Hlgblandera bote 
 againat the Eagllah party, of whlrh Jamee. 
 Earl of Arran, <if tha House of Htmilton, 
 waa the leedcr and tha reprcsentetive.(^) 
 
 The death of Katharine of Arragon had 
 enfeebled, if uot whoUy stifled, Charlea V.'a 
 deaire of revenging his aunti hia great 
 enemy was alwaye Francia 1., and he 
 narrowly watehed. through the medium of 
 his amhasaadora, the progims of the hatred 
 of lite King of England against France, a 
 hatred which he hoped to make subservient 
 to hie own lnte>rest, by enabling him to 
 humble hia rival and close luly for ever 
 againat him. At the very time that he 
 waa filling Chriatcndom with bia eomplainte 
 against a prince who wae holding eeerel 
 intercourse with the Turke, Charlee waa 
 seeking the friendship of a monarch ex- 
 communicated by the Church, and neg- 
 lected to execute the eentence declared 
 against Henry by Paul I1I.(*) One obstacle 
 alone reterded the completion of tbia 
 alliance i Chsrlra demanded, for the honour 
 of the imperial family, that Mary ahould be 
 legitimatiaed, which Henry bad refused to 
 allow I auch an act would have been a tacit 
 acknowledgment that Katharine of Anagon 
 had been treated urjustly. At lengdi an 
 expedient waa diacovercd, by which the 
 pride of both princes waa left nnwounded. 
 Parliament re^orad to Elisabeth and Mary 
 their right of mcoeeeion i O bat by one of 
 thoee anomatoue aete ao common in the 
 life of the deapot, Henry, ia opening to hia 
 two daughtera the « y to the throne, 
 refbwd to annul the atatntea that had pro- 
 claimed their illegitimacy. In obedienee 
 
 f s) Robertsm, Ckarlea V. 
 iit\ Hume. 
 
 Benin da Thoyrea. 
 
 Lingaitt* 
 
I ia impoaiiiiX os EnffUnd. 
 nrt, Barl of Lanoi, wm at 
 tb« TuUlariM, »n4 PnaoU. 
 hatrad llwt Lanoi bort to 
 aant that noblaman into 
 jpport Cardinal B«*«ori sntl 
 thar, who had alwayt ahown 
 loua partiaana of tha Valoia.(*) 
 t, with a prom'aa of roonay 
 %itk Fraii«ka wai to aand in a 
 lia arrival of Lanox rakindUd 
 hioh tha HlKhlandara bora 
 igliah party, of whirh Jamaa. 
 I, <if tha Houaa of Hioiiltoo, 
 ' and tha rapreaantetiva.(^) 
 if Katharina of Arragon had 
 ol wholly ttiflad, Charlaa V.'a 
 anginif hia auntt hia graat 
 tlaraya Franoia 1., and he 
 shad, throuiih tha madium of 
 )ra, tha progr««a of tha hatrad 
 if England againat Franca, a 
 ha hoped to make aubaanrient 
 intaircet, by enabling him to 
 rival and cloae luly for ever 
 At tha very time that he 
 iriatrndom with bia eomplainta 
 nee who waa holding aaerat 
 rith tha Turka, Cbarlea waa 
 friendahip of a monarch as- 
 d by tha Cbnrch, and neg- 
 (oute tbe aentence declarad 
 r by Paul III.(*) Onaobatacla 
 ed tbe completion of thia 
 irlra demanded, for the honour 
 al family, that Mary ahould b« 
 , which Henry bad refiiaed to 
 an act would have been a tacit 
 lent that Katharine of Anagon 
 wted urjuatly. At length an 
 aa diacovercd, by which the 
 I princcB waa left nnwoundad. 
 Ntorad to Elisabeth and Mary 
 t mooeaaiontO bat by one of 
 tlone acta ao oomnon in tha 
 Mpot, Henry, in opening to hia 
 era tbe « y to tha throne, 
 inol the atatntea that had pro- 
 ir ilkgitimaoy. In obedianea 
 
 Robertas, Ckarlea V. 
 
 Hume. 
 
 Benin da Thf^raa. 
 
 LJngard* 
 
 Lirie or hrkrt viii. 
 
 tf«8 
 
 to the caprtoa of tha lovtraign, Parliament 
 granted him the power of eicluding them 
 from the throne in caae they ahould rafViM 
 to aubmit to the eonditione that ha might 
 impoea on them. The reading of Tyndal'a 
 Bible mi);ht sisprive thsia a second time cf 
 their harediUry rlghta.(*) 
 
 Eager to revenge himeelf for the inter- 
 vention of France in the affbtira of S(ot« 
 land, and piqued at the raillery of Francia, 
 Henry quarrelled with hia (brniar ally, and 
 concluded a treaty with the emperor. (I Ith 
 February, 1543,) which contained a plan 
 for the Invaaion of France. 'Vhtj aKraed 
 that ambaaaadora ahould be aent lo Fiancia 
 to requeat liim to break tbe alliance which 
 he had lacently contracted with the Turka i 
 to make reperation to tha Chriatiana for 
 the loaaea they had aualained through that 
 alliance i to reetore to Ferdinand of Auatria 
 a town which the infldela had aieged ; to 
 rettora to the Emperor Caatro Nuovo, 
 which the Turka had beaieged and taken 
 with twelve n*\\ejt which France bad lent 
 them I to pay to the King of England 
 certain euma of money due to him, or to 
 deliver up to him, aa aacurity fur the debt, 
 the tuwne of Ponthieu, Boulogne, Mon- 
 treuil, Ardrea, and Tiruuanna.C') The 
 ambaaaadora were to inform Francie, that 
 if, within forty daya, thaea oonditiona were 
 not complied with, the allica would declare 
 war, and that they pledged ihemaelvee not 
 to ceaae hoetilitice, until the emperor 
 thould be maater of Abbeville, Bray. 
 Corbie, P^ronne, Saint Quentin, and th« 
 whole of Bourgo) ne : aad Henry, of Nor- 
 mandy, Quienne, and the whole of bia 
 anceatral poaecaaiona in Franca (<) Thacun- 
 federatee, aa in all the preceding ware, 
 propt.aed the diememberment of the tao- 
 ntrchy. They might have known, f^om 
 experience, tiiat Francie would not be 
 willing to aignjbs oonditiona propoardj 
 
 (•) Hume. A4>t. XXXV., Henry VIII.. 
 Ch. XII. 
 
 0>) Rymer, XIV., 7C8.— Herbert. 
 
 (") See : " Oonaideracioni, which way ia 
 Iboiighi by tbe coitaell tu be moat convenient 
 foi the Kinge'i Mi^eete lo aet forwarde wiih 
 hia royall amiye Uiia aomer to invadu the 
 nalme (" by the hand of the Ouke of Noifblk. 
 -atata Papan, I., 761-76J). 
 
 miniiiiiiawiiiw 
 
 tha conqueror of Marlgnan had atil! aome 
 blood flowing in bit veine. Hcralda-at« 
 arma were commiaaioned to convey theee 
 Ineolent eonditione to Francia i and 
 although the entrance into Parie waa for- 
 bidden them, tha two aovcreigna conaidered 
 themeelvea Juat.fled in eieeuting their 
 oonventione.O 
 
 Francia did not wait for tbe enemy, but, 
 marching with all hia forcee into tba 
 Natberlanda, he made himeelf maater of 
 Landreciae, wl.ich ha fortited, and then 
 invaded l.uxemliurg with hie lancera, hia 
 Swiae *.70i>pc, and hia leiiione commanded 
 by the iUt* of hia officerai the Duke da 
 Vcndoine, D'Auuiale, De Ouiee, and tho 
 young CbitUlon, who, under the name of 
 CoUigny, waa deetined to take ao diatin- 
 guiahed a part in tha civil ware of Franca, 
 llie emperor aoon made hia appearance 
 with hia army, oompoaed of Spaniarda, 
 Milaneae, Romana, Albaniana, Sualiiana, 
 Tyraliana, Fleminge, and Franca-Cim- 
 tiana i a motley crew of aoldieri in a variety 
 of ooetumea, and not unlike a theatrical 
 army.(*) Cbarlea threw himaelf into 
 tha ataMa of tba Duke of Clevee, de- 
 termined to take auromary vengeance on 
 the twofold eympathy of that prince for 
 France and for Proteatantiem. By hia 
 alliance with France, the Duke of Clevaa 
 fruatrated tbe emperor'e deaign* on Italy | 
 and by favouring the Hmalkulde League, ha 
 prevented the accompliahinent of tha 
 Uarmanic unity, a .'avourite theory of tho 
 •ucoeaeorof Maximilian I. It waa eeaential 
 that the ohaitiaeinent of thia prince, of a 
 German race, and who bad betrayed hia 
 country and hia faith, ahould be exemplary. 
 Duren, one of tha principal towne of the 
 duchy, waa reduced to aehee, to give tha 
 prince eome idea of the emperor's anger.C) 
 The dukeofPered no reaiatance, but throwing 
 himaelf at the feet of the conqueror, who 
 received him with the crown on hia head 
 and the aceptre in hie hand, ha humbly 
 aued for pardon. An act of cowardice 
 which he attempted in vain to Juatify, by 
 ooniplaining of the culpable inactivity oi 
 
 (*) Robertton. 
 
 (•) Capeflfue, Hiat. de Praneoia I. 
 
 (') UoMTtton. 
 
Uri OV MBMM mi. 
 
 Jii 
 
 kla ally, who Ml Mm to lb* mtnj at Um 
 NpanUnl*. without Mndinn • »inn\m Uae« 
 to MV« or •ucuuur bim.(*) 
 
 Nulbian ouuld iMw wfMl Um forwwd 
 fiomnm ot ChwlM V.. who MtvuMwi by 
 t mmd amtrhM thrmmb Hklitattt. and kid 
 ^■C* to LandrvciM. A f«w UummmmI 
 Engliah, undtr th« command of John 
 Wallop, jutnad ih« anipcror to •cc«l«r»u 
 lh« aa|iilulaUua of tha town, wbioh w^a 
 attmmonad to lurrandar \ but tha Rtrriann. 
 OMnpoMd of vatarana oommandad by La 
 Land and Utaatf. rafuaad to fa(>iiulata(k) 
 Fmneia, muraovar. haaivn'tl to tha •uocuur 
 «f th« fortraaa. tm a mooiaat. It wm 
 ttiotight that tha itruKiilu lNitw*^,n tha 
 an|ikpa and Franca, which had hMlad 
 upvarda of Iwantjr jraar*, waa about to ha 
 taraiantad undar tha walla of tha town. 
 Twaatf janra bafora, Praneia would hava 
 ofbtad battla to hia rival t but now that 
 ■ga bad mada hiia mora prudant, ha aaw 
 tlMkt with hia infarior forcaa ha would run 
 tha riak of b^og cut to piaeaa, and of 
 tkrowinc open, by tha kiaa of Laadraolaa, 
 lb* raad to Paria to tha coafadaraica } ha 
 tharafan rafuaad to riak an angaffanant^*) 
 la vaia did Charlaa andaavonr to axcita hia 
 rind'a aalMora. Praneia waa protrf anaiaat 
 •U tha aaduetkina of ultwj and vaaityi 
 laoMvaabla ia bia linaa, ha atudiad tba 
 BMtvaaiaata of bia aaamjr, and hald binaalf 
 io raadinaaa to ra-vietuid tha town, and aue- 
 aaadad ia auppljrinff it both with proviaiona 
 and troopa. Charlaa, daapairiaf of a uc oaaa . 
 niaad tba aiafia, and latirad Into wiator 
 qnartava i ba bad two aaamiaa to ooaqaar, 
 Fiaaoia. aad tba iaelauMat aaaaoa. Thia 
 iraa. IbarafoN, an unauoeaaafal conpaiga. 
 
 Tba alliaa. bowavar, baoyad tbanactvaa 
 op w^ tba bopa af baviag tbair ravanga 
 dininf tba foUowiag apviag, aad tba ratura 
 of that aaaaoa raritrad tbair ambttiotu bopaa. 
 Baary aad Cbarka availad tbaaiaalTBa of a 
 nUgiooa ptatart to Jaatify tbair diamani- 
 banMOt of tba kiagdoaa of Fianaa. Ia 
 tba aaiaa of tba Catbolic faitb. ahawafully 
 daaaitad bj Fkaaeia, who had baeoma tha 
 
 (a) 8aa " Accord antra I'Bnparaur aud la 
 daodaOUraa. 7 Baviambar, 1548.— Bib. da 
 ni^MSS. B4tk., N. Wlft, p. M. 
 ' Bobaitaaa. 
 D« BaUay, Mtaolna. ^ dOB. 
 
 H 
 
 aUf of lollnmn II., tha awora aaamy af 
 (>'hri*tiantt)^, thay dttaraitaad to attMtpt 
 tba ronquaat of Piaanly, tba pUlaga af 
 Paria, ami tha dl*taiun ot tha prwrinoM «f 
 Franc*. To flcbl airalnat Franeia, tba 
 ranaRada, waa raganltd ia Eniiland, In 
 (iartaany, and In Spain, aa a holy work, 
 and tha eoalition waa carta! n of a u a m a. 
 It laual Im acknowla<V«d that thair (liana 
 wtN aaoallant. Urary waa to rntar Kriwina 
 throutfh Ploardy, tba aHi|tarwr through 
 Champagna, and tba two alliad aovcrtign*. 
 •Iiould they maat Mrilh no ohttarU, wara to 
 naat on an aiipoiniad day undrr tha walla 
 of tba capital, which, turroundAd on all 
 akdaa, would ba aura to surrandar. lit* 
 Impanaliala wara tha flrat to oommrnra tha 
 campaign.(<) Ilia movamanta uf Charlaa 
 w«ra no laaa bold than anaipcctad Aftar 
 baring takan poaaaaaion o( Lttiamhurg by 
 a aaaoaaafal atratagan, ha followad tba 
 oouraa of tba Mauaa, aad on hia way mada 
 bioualf oiaatar of Commaroy and Ligny, 
 aad tbaa kid aiaga to St. Diaiar. which 
 raf^Mtfd to opaa lla gataa to tba conquaro^ 
 aad dafcadad itaalf raliaatly fur naarty aix 
 waaka agaiaat tha Impanaliata, but waa al 
 langtb foraad to capitalata.(*) Tha alarm 
 waa apraad through tba populaea i tha 
 capital waa thraatanadi avcry day aoiM 
 town or othar araa falling tato tba powar of 
 Charlaa t oa oaa day ChahNW, oa aaothar 
 Bparaay, Vitry war* rcduoad to aabaa. aa 
 tba paaalty of tbair baroie laaiatanea (0 
 
 Tha BagUab army, In ito tarn, bad iakaa 
 tha laid. lathamoBtbof Juna. Ift44,tha 
 flrat diviatoa of tba Britiah forcaa landad at 
 Oalaia, aad about tba middk of July, Hanry 
 avoaaad tta fNncb froatiar at tha haad of 
 hia aamatoaa body of arcbara. Botar baa 
 daaaribad tha martb of tha troopa that wara 
 lad by Hanry to tba eoaqoaal of Paria. 
 Tluaa diviatoaa, aaeb ao mp oaad of 11,000 
 iaf aalij aad l,BOO earalry, Itacmad tha army 
 of aspaditloB. Tba kiag waa la tha eaatra 
 with 1,000 boraaman » tha nnilbrm uf tiia 
 aoldiara waa rad, with yallow fboiBgai a 
 hundred piaeaa of eannoa of larga oalibn 
 oceupiad a Una of aaarly a laagiia ia 
 
 ') Oodwia.— Stow.— OnBaUay.—Uafudi 
 / _ _ _ . ft, - 
 
 (•) Ptt Ballay .— B obartaiM —I 
 (') Dtt BaUay, 
 
 - a i MKH^ ai g ' i* i nw iaaiu fi 
 
II II,, tiM •«•?• t m am j af 
 hay dttannliMii to •MMspl 
 
 III PiMfilf, Ik* pUbfl* ol 
 dUUiuii ot tk« pfwrinoM of 
 
 fl«ht Bffiiinal Praneia, dM 
 
 rananlfd ta Eniiland, In 
 I In Spain, •• a kolf word. 
 Ion «raa carUin of •uaaaaa. 
 nowlwVail that thmr plant 
 Htory waa to rntar lftm\im 
 rdy, tiM amitarur lhr<Mi|li 
 nd Iha two alllad Mivcfaif na, 
 tat Mfiih no chatarla, wura to 
 [Miintad day undrr tha walla 
 , which, Burroundtd on all 
 ba lura Ui aurraiidar. Tha 
 ifa tha flrat to oommonra tha 
 llta movamania of Charlaa 
 old than anaipactad AfW 
 Maaaaakm of Luiamhurg by 
 itratafan, ha followad tha 
 Mauaa. aad on hka way mad a 
 r of Commaroy and Lifny, 
 I ilaffa to 8t. Ditiar. which 
 ■ Ita KMaa to tha ronquaro^ 
 itaalf valiantly fur naarlj aix 
 
 tha ImpariaUata, but waa al 
 to capitulata.(*) Tha alana 
 through tha populaoa i tha 
 hrtatanadi avtry day aoaa 
 araa fallinir taito tha powar af 
 >iia day Chalooa, oa anothar 
 y wata rxluoad to aahaa^ M 
 
 ihalr bafoio raaiatanea (0 
 I army, In ita tnm, had iahaa 
 tha month a< Juna. Ift44. tha 
 )f tha Britiah foreaa landad at 
 But tha middlla of July. Hanty 
 branch frovtiar at tha haad of 
 
 body of archara. Bolar ha« 
 Mareh of tha troopa that wara 
 f to tha eonqtMal of Paria. 
 oa, aaeh Bo mp oaad of 11,000 
 ,MW earalry, Itanaad Iha ■my 
 , Tha hiaff waa In tha eantra 
 oraaman « tha nnifbrm of tha 
 rad, with /allow fhoioKai a 
 ai of otnnon of larRa oalibn 
 Um of naarly a iaafiia la 
 
 — 8tow.— On BalhM.— Ltafu4. 
 ay.— BobaMaua*— fl« ' 
 ay. 
 
 um or miMHf vofc 
 
 8v0 
 
 iwgt h I (•) M.OOO drauf ht horaaa aad 
 IS.aoOotaa wara anployMl in traaa|Mtrtln|| 
 Iha bairgaca of tha anay. Navar had thara 
 bacn an iiivaaion ao manacini i and if ihaaa 
 two powerful rnamUa of tha Pranrh naliun- 
 allt> hail inarchad lunpllicr u|ton I'arta, Iha 
 monarchy ailffbt hava tiambtad for lia 
 a«rurlty. Fortunataty.lhatwoalliail pnnraa 
 bacania dirldad in ihair rounaala. Ilanry 
 auuld not, without Jaalouay, witnaaa tha 
 ■ucraaa of hia al'y, who had obtained pua- 
 aataion of thraa larifa t«»waa withuut 
 atrikinK a blow, and Inataad of allamptinK 
 tha ti*Ka of Paria. aeoording to agraament, 
 ha dattminad on attacking BoulnKna and 
 Monirauil.(^) Tha lattar of lliaaa towna 
 waa dafandad by Marahal da Biaa. who 
 killed tha laat borta that ha poaaea««d and 
 ■haiad ita flaah with bit ao' !ieri. Al- 
 though inArm and powarl«aa, ha raquaatad 
 to ba oarrlad to tha ramparta thm ha night 
 ba abla to anouuiaga tba baaiagad ((•) and 
 with a garrlaoa of only 500 man, ha raaiatad 
 tha unitad Ibnaa of nandari and EngUnd. 
 On tha Mlh of July. 1A44, Hanry enm- 
 manead tha aiaga of Boulogna. Tha 
 month of Auguat waa apant without hia 
 baing abla to cflTact a aaoond braach. Tlia 
 garriaoa, praaaad by land and by laa, 
 iamiahing and daeinatad, waa about to 
 turrandaf, whan Eunrln, an attmney at tha 
 Danaaohal'a Court at Boulogne, in 1644, 
 and aoon afUrwarda alaetad mayor of that 
 town, aaaamblad tha inhabitanu, men, 
 woman, aud ehildran, and coi^urad them 
 to awaar that ihay arould bury thamiclvea 
 oadar tha raiaa of tha town, rather than 
 turrandar. They all want la prooaaaion to 
 Iha town-hall, and touh the oath on tba 
 QoapaL(4) Ciapiaula, who aa wall aa tha 
 
 (a) D. Botarl. Salalio da Regno An|^l«. 
 
 M Herbart.-I>u Betlay.— MBS. Col., B. 
 IV.-Rymer XV., »a. 
 
 (0) La aMga da Boulogna en I&44, pc»nia 
 IfSM.. par M. la baron d'Ordra, ootaa da M. 
 Manaia. 
 
 (<) iH4ga at priaa da Boalogna, par lea Ang- 
 lato, aa IftM, par la ptMra Aoihaiaa Motin, 
 Umoin ooulaira, UM. an vera. 
 
 We ihall quoU a few fhtgaianta fWnn thia 
 inedlted MRS. to gba tha laadar aa idea of 
 Ike poetical lalanta of tkt brare Morin:— 
 
 Un mattro Jeaa rinibi at 
 Beadiiaat lA faar drOldn 
 
 aa rinibi at laaa aia aomnagn' 
 faar drOldia pant motaa da d« 
 
 datu 
 
 otbara took the oath, aaya, that ha law an 
 Immrnaa aheai of parehoMnl (V)Tara<l with 
 Iha natiaa of woman and rhildran who 
 proialaad In die or cava tba eiiy.(*) Ua- 
 fbrtiinaifly, howavar, the governor, Var- 
 mmC) niil«ii heart ami capiluiaiad | an act 
 of iraaaon or eo>vardlra which ha aflaf 
 warda aipiaiad by the loea of hia h«ad.(*) 
 On the laih of Me|>tamliar. Henry maila 
 hia entrance into Boulogne. " Ha aaitlad 
 in that town a colony of Engliah, »ho 
 eoamittad anch acta of atrocity that after 
 having ovrrthrown the altwa, btiml tha 
 imagaa, and trampled under foot the relica, 
 thay deetroyail the rhapal of the Mother of 
 Ood, ailed it with aoil, and raiaed on lu 
 ruina a apcciaa of embankment Aram which 
 Ibey might aurvay Iha neighbouring 
 country, whilat Iha interlnv of thia Baailica, 
 one of the moat ancient aanctuarica of 
 Europe, In which Cluihaira had for- 
 merly knalt, waa converted into at 
 araonal.''(>*) The inbabiUnla of noulogna, 
 unwilling to take the oath of Adcliiy to 
 tha King of England, left Iha town on tha 
 
 La tour 4toit aiunia Maci pour all ««nialn*a. 
 On lae duU«nvu]ri<r k laiirt llvbTia* quartaliina. 
 La prupro Juur latnte Anna fUt Parrotln Murin 
 Tnuchi droit i I'^paula doni il fVit mia i An. 
 La damain Qia le petaire d'ua coup de faucun- 
 
 neau. 
 Wat frapp4 at daua aultrea aaaommla comma 
 
 veaux. 
 
 Le joudy d eee u a did deux aoudarda de Jean 
 
 Pocqua, 
 Jean Mor«l at Fouraier par guerre qui noua 
 
 brucqna, 
 Furent mia aove la rogne Juequee an Jn|cmt'nl i 
 De eriet tyre, biffr«, ont au laur payament. 
 La alupart diae aoudarda ca mot avoiant an 
 
 Douche 
 Qui fort me d4plaiaoit, car fort daehonneur 
 
 louche. 
 Tel au vaepre ae crmche qui ne voil le matin. 
 
 Flualot que d'una moucha eat iVapp4 le malin. 
 
 Thia ouriooe M8H. forma a amall volume la 
 4io. 11iaorigiaalianulong«mtant,b«ta(kitll- 
 M oepy waa taken of it during tka laat century 
 
 (•) M88., Morin. 
 
 (') L'an mil cent quaranta at quatr% 
 Un Varvinn laaM de cembattra^ 
 Par ua war de Hainta-Croix, 
 Rendit Boulougne tux Angloia. 
 —MSB. Morin. 
 
 1 1) Hume. 
 
 (>>) Aaliauiti»edtfBouloBaale,onM*no^aa 
 pour aer«ir ti I'hiiiuire da la villa at du coaiU 
 de Boulogne, par Dabuieeonk huiaiiar da la 
 8te«ckaaa<e da Bo«laM«i% MSB. la itf, (BihL 
 daBoalovae.) 
 
i.iri or MaMBf fill 
 
 Mill ol iIm MittlultttMMi wlikh proatMil 
 Iham " protM-lton m4 m«UUr«< I« raltn 
 whiihanMMvtr ih«]r daalrad." Hut Km 
 M|>iitiUtu*n wM •htiiMfully «i>il«ui, lur 
 llMf w«ra attaolicil rmut lUnlalol anij 
 llaplca, Mid NMrljr all ikia l>| Um aworil 
 
 ClMrlM, parralvinf lH« •nor oommUUtl 
 bjr tiU myal ally, urg»<l htm, but In viin, 
 to advanM t<iw»r<la PorUi lh« r«niim> 
 •trancw. th« ooanMl, th« aatrMty •»<! «t«ii 
 lh« magnt ol 'lit traparor vara uaalaaa. 
 Ilanr^ IMniatiul In li««l«||in« a (»m paltry 
 iMwna which ba •uic«a<l«(i in Uklnn, hut 
 PaiU waa aarad (^) In ordar to Induca bim 
 to abaaditn tba aitga of tba fortiflad towna, 
 CharUa oruaaad iha Mama and pnxaadad 
 rapidly luwaida tba oapit«l. Tba fJarniana 
 Mid tba Hpaniarda mat arltb a tcnporarj 
 «bfc.b to Ihalr pro||r«aa from iha joung 
 Duka of (luiaa. bat auon took puaaaaaioa 
 of CbAtaau-I'blarry. Tba alarn waa 
 apraad through Paria, and all tba waalthiar 
 portion of tba InhabiUnu Aad In kaaU, 
 ■nd took abaltar bayoBd tba Loira.(t) 
 Frmncia, on tba approach of dangar, aa- 
 tUioMd I " Ob t God, bow daar haat thou 
 aiada ma pajr for tba crown wbi«h I 
 ractirad from tb/ band I" But iioma- 
 dkMalr raptowihiim klmoolf for Ibia auddao 
 burat of amoiloo, aa an offiaM againat 
 Ood, ha addtd t "Thj wilt ba '"Mi" and 
 raauming that c«lm of aoul •' i ha ha>l 
 •but. !• at Marignan, ha ordar*'* *h^ '■■**■> I < 
 le Inraat tba oapital wlUi '*<><;>*., <i< . 
 pvblkly announead bla datwiniiistioB to 
 bury bimaalf undar tba walla of Faria. 
 Tha Purlataaa, awara thai tba king navar 
 ftUod In kaapiog khi word, raauiaad thair 
 •ouragai tba fUgUiraa rttonwd to Uiair 
 haortha, and if tbay did not aa!l tha flaid 
 on which Charlaa waa ancaapad, thay 
 tnowid thamaalvaa publiely Id lanpoon. 
 h«(«) tkoaa two haroaa "of tha highway." 
 OM of whoa, Charlaa V., waa impotaat 
 and gouty I tba othar, Haarj VIII., whoaa 
 body waa obiigad to b* bonnd by a bait of 
 ■laal, and both of whom laMlaatl<f boaatad 
 
 I 
 
 MM. da Malta at do DnbniaaM. 
 
 Llagard. 
 •) PanuUB. HMotra da notra laa|«> 
 [*) ■lanfaafc— -BB b a U Mn 
 
 vt thair daaira to dlvl^ Praiwa, radw** 
 Praoala to tba rank of • ptKata ganlkmian, 
 and maiia Part* th* aaroot. raf ilnl o^ tha 
 klnidum of Knf ^ild. 
 
 KItanor. iha wil« of t^ranoia, whom bar 
 faltblaaa huabaai hbd laenflMd titr tha 
 anloymaitl i^ Ua mtatraaaaa, parmirad tha 
 dariKtr • > > tbraalanad ih« monarohjr, 
 and Immadialaly d«t«rmin«ii In intarfara In 
 thia aanguitiary quirral, and to appaaaa tha 
 angar of bar brothar (Charlaa V.(*) Ac> 
 aordlnglv, folluwad by a Hpaniab monk, 
 namad (iuaman. aha want (o tha am|>ar(ir'a 
 oaoip, whom aha found auffartnif mora from 
 bla habitual complaint, than from tha Irra- 
 aolutlon of bla ally. Ilia aufforatlng haat of 
 tba aaaaoN i tha actirily of tba dauphin, 
 who did not allow iba Hpaniab Irnupa to 
 raraain a mumani lna«tiva I tha want of pro- 
 viaionai tha angar of Paul IV. againat a 
 laagua, tba laadar of which waa an aieom* 
 munloalad prinoatlO tha antraatiaa of a 
 aiatar, and tba counaal of a priaat datar- 
 mintd Charlaa to llatan to tba propoaala of 
 an amUtieo. 1'ba planlpotantlarta* mat at 
 Craapy, a amall Iowa in tha vicinity of 
 Manui, whan tba baaia of a traaty of paaaa 
 WM aatabliahad . It waa daoidad that tha am- 
 paror ahould givr hia aldaat daughtar, or tha 
 aacond daughtar of hia brothar Vardinand 
 in marrlaga to tha Duka of Orlaana i (hat 
 ba ahould giva up to hia daughtar tb« aova< 
 ralgnty oftha Nrtliarl*nda. to bla niaca tha 
 Invaatit ci ' tba liucby of MiUn j that tha 
 Duka ol Orlaana ahould bava hia ehoico of 
 tha duchy of Milan or tha Natbarlandat that 
 Prancia ahould raatora to tba Duka <rf 
 SaToy all the tarritory that ha bad tahan 
 from him. with tha axoaption of Rgnarol 
 and MontmallaH t that Qiarlaa ahould ra> 
 aign all pratcnaiona to tha duoby of Bur- 
 gundy, and tba county of Cbarolaia, and 
 Praooia all hia righu to tha kingdom of 
 Napka i that (baaa two princaa. bound by 
 Biiehangaabl* fHambhIp, ahould wago war 
 agninat tha Toika, and that tha BLlng of 
 Franca, aa an auailiary to tba omparar, 
 ahould Airateb hia ally with 0000 f in Um m 
 •nd 10,000 infkntiy, to nbl him in driviag 
 bock thaaa anamiaa of tha ChriatUa i 
 
 « 
 
 M.Oapdl|Ba. 
 
 Pis Pa«io.>-PallaTWnl. 
 
uU (h« MToOb cBf 11*1 oi %ht 
 
 • wil« of FfMioi*. whom iMf 
 tMii hfci) iMnflMtl tiw th« 
 
 hU mi«tr«MM, ptrmirmd lh« 
 . tbnaUnol iha moaarohf, 
 itj il*t«miia«<i III Intwfbr* In 
 J quirral, and to tppaMa lh« 
 
 brother CbwiM V (•) Ac- 
 ilowad bf • Hp*nith monk, 
 Ml. ih* want to (h« am|i«rof'« 
 ha found aiiffarInK mora from 
 »mpUliil. than from tha trra> 
 I all/. Ilia aufforaling haal of 
 h« Mtirtly of tha dauphia. 
 illow iba NpanUh IriMtpa to 
 •nl inaoUva i tha want of pro- 
 mgw of Paul IV. •§*'"*' • 
 dar of which »aa an aioom- 
 iDMi(0 tha antraftliaa of a 
 
 * cottoaal of • priaat datar- 
 I to liatan lo iha propoa*la of 
 
 Tha planipotaaUarlaa mat at 
 all town !■ tha vicinity of 
 tha baaia of a iraatj of paaaa 
 li. Itwaa Jaoldadth•ttlMaffi■• 
 1*f hia aldaat daughtar, or tha 
 Uit of bia brotbar VardiiMnd 
 I tha Duka of OrlaiMta i that 
 I up to hia dauffbtar tb« aova- 
 N«tharl*nda, to hia niaea tha 
 tha duchy of Milan i that tha 
 «ia abould hava hia cboica of 
 lilanortha Natharlandat tbat 
 d raatora to tha Duka of 
 tarritory that ha had lahan 
 b tha axoaption of Pignanl 
 lail t that Charlaa abouU ra- 
 laiona to tha duchy •f Bur- 
 la county of Cbarolaia, and 
 a tlfthla to tha kingdon of 
 ih«M two princaa, bound by 
 
 fHaoibhIp, ahonhl wtga war 
 uika, and that tha King af 
 I auiiliary to tba emparar, 
 I hia ally with 6000 f tni nr mm 
 hntiy, to nhl him in dtiviafl 
 of tha ChrlatUui naoM 
 
 Oafalgna. 
 
 t Paolo.— PattaTiainlt 
 
 or ■■«■« vtii. 
 
 !■«• Aai*.(*\ f!h«rlaa'a (Mllcy waa Mumpb- 
 ant I tba ampcmr bad aueraadad In Indoeing 
 Francia i» ranuunra Iha Hm«!k«lda l.«a||u«, 
 and lb« allianra of HoUman II , lo rapraaa 
 I'nMaatanlum. and to aipal tha Turba f^om 
 Europa. it «m aiipp'<««<l, lor a tinta, in 
 Pranea, that a faw diamond* (Ivan to tba 
 Uuchaaa d'Hlaiiifiaa, had Impoaad on tha 
 aonquaror of HartKnan iha traaly of Craapyi 
 but ha waa rompallad by nvcaaatt^ lo arcapl 
 it, for Charlaa waa within a day'* march of 
 Iba capital. (Iranraila, tba akilful minlaiar. 
 and ona of tba king'a connaallora, inual 
 bara takrn grtat oradll to hlinaalf for 
 having arra*l«<i tha prograaa of lh« am|iaror 
 in hia viotoriou* inarch upon i'arM.(*) 
 
 Tba dafaotton of Charlaa V. Arooa tha 
 Laagua aipoaad tlanry t!o raal dangarai 
 tha dau|ihln, inaatar of hia movamanta, waa 
 advancing rapidly, at tha haad of «0,0(m 
 roan, to angaga tba Rngliah amy, dtcl- 
 nialad by tba two murdMooa aiagaa of 
 Houlogna and Moni cuil. Ilanry, unwil- 
 ling to mtat to young and anUrpriaing a 
 oommandar, gavn ordara to tha Count da 
 Buran, to raiaa tlia aaiga of llontrauil, r*' 
 eaUad tha Duka of Norfolk, and aftar 
 having ra-t.riuallad Boulogna, tha oon- 
 maod of which ha intrtiatad to Admiral 
 Dudlay. aat out for KiigUnd on tba SOth of 
 fUptambar.(*) Tha ol^Jaet of tha coalition 
 had fUUd. Hanry, who for twanly yaara 
 had madiiatod tba :»nquaat of Franca, waa 
 obligad to rathra in diagraoa, acouaing 
 Charlaa of a branch of fbith, and of daeair- 
 ing him aa Maiimilian and Fardinand had 
 formarly dona. It waa alnoat alwaya to tha 
 intaatina diaaanaiuna ainoug bar Invndara, 
 that Pmaca waa indabtad for bar aafaty In 
 Iha aixtaanth cantnry. Tha Laaguaa formad 
 ■gainat bar indapandanca wara brokao by 
 tba aiploaion of tba aaaaa paaaiona that bad 
 givan tham birth— by pocriay and ambition. 
 
 Lafk to coniand aingl*-bandad with 
 Hanry, F^aneia coaoaivad tba ptt^aol of a 
 naval war with Bngbiud, and of obaatiaing 
 tha inaolanea of that qnaaa of tbn ooaan. 
 Two hundred man of war, aqulppad in the 
 diffarant porta of Ikiaco, and aant to 
 
 (■) Bclina, da cauaia pacta Craapia, in Aotia 
 Brnd.. Llpaiia. 1768. 
 
 uipai 
 (k) M.Oapaflrna. 
 (•) kayiadaTbagma. 
 
 )«ta tthav vaaaala that bad baa« aant H 
 (iannn, wara iq tarmtnato on tbc aan # 
 qiiarral which P.ii||land hml licUnainad to 
 darula on tha canlin<hl.(') ('a|ti«in Paulln, 
 ait aiparlanrail tailor, laft MifMiitUa wUh 
 Iwanly Rva vaaaal* to crulaa • '<iut in tha 
 channa|,(*) whila Marahal D'Annabant waa 
 eollacling a numarou* Aval In iha roada at 
 llavra. undar tha ay»a of lb* King uf 
 Kngland. Tha admiral *«t tail from llavra, 
 and arrivad, on tha Imb of July, off tba 
 lala of Wight, In aighl of I'urtamoalh. 
 whara aiity Bngimb ahlpa wara lying at 
 anchor. Tba iwo llaaU mat, aiid aflar 
 airhanging a law ahula, rrliaatad) tha 
 KngiKh daat babiiid tha aand banka, tba 
 Franch out of raach of tba anamiaa' guna.(f ) 
 'Ilia Aring waa almoat aniirrly invflVctuali 
 Iha ahola tora tha (aila, mada holaa in tba 
 vraaala, hut acldom atruok any of tba craw, 
 ao badly wara tha piacaa poinlad. During 
 M angagamant of twalva houra. aonrcaly 
 thraa hundrad ahota wara cichangad, for 
 thaaa anormoua inr laca of wihmI could not 
 Im moved In laaa than a quarter of an hour, 
 and tha admiral'a ordara and maaoiuvrao 
 could only ba obeyed when tba wind 
 earvad.(») The Franch, perceiving that it 
 waa impoaaibia lo entiea tha Bnglieb into 
 an engagemant in tha open aaa, raaolvad to 
 make a deacent upon tba Itle of Wight, 
 but Iha aacking of a few wretched villagaa 
 had not tba aff'aet of inducing the Engliab 
 admiral lo quit hia portion behind tha 
 aand banka, fhrai which ha eould defy tha 
 anerolee' aiUmpia.(i>) Tha pillage of the 
 BrilUh coaaU wu not tha principal objaot 
 of tha equipment of tha Franch fleet. 
 Frnncia aimed at recovering Boulogna, 
 which hia rival waa making preparaiinna to 
 auooour, and into which a ftw hu. drad 
 laneara, taken from tha garriton at Calaia, 
 bad already effacted an enlranoa, by eluding 
 tba vigllanea of tha French ofloertO) 
 Encamped on Mount Saint Lambart, within 
 a few cannon ahota of Boulogne, tha Duka 
 of Ouiaa bad every day coma freah akln||iah 
 with tha EngKeb infaoty. In one of llbi 
 
 f*) Rapin de Thoyru. 
 (•) M. C«p««lgue. 
 (() Rapin de Tkoyraa. 
 (f) Hume. 
 
 (k) Du Ballay, Mtmoira. 
 ■ (0 Bapin da Thoyraa. 
 
itri or ■iKRT viit. 
 
 ragB^fsnifliitt lia wm woufided by a eat 
 with a 1mic«, which entered at the comer 
 of CM of hia ejea, and oame out behind hii 
 head ; and thic wocnd, pronounced to b« 
 uicrtal by all the phyaiciane, waa healed by 
 Aribroiie Par^, haviug a xloriotta acar, 
 which obtained for .he hero the anmame 
 of BalaM.(>) 
 
 The aeaaoh waa too far advanced for the 
 French army to nnderUke the aief(e of 
 Buulofirne, and their operationa were there- 
 fore lionited to a few inaignifieant engage- 
 men*M; the burning of a few riOagea, at 
 which very few were elain ; botti the leaden 
 and the troopa were anzioua fbr peace. 
 Heniy could aoarcely ait on horaebaok, and 
 Francia waa aufTering in hia tent from the 
 cActa of wounde that he had receiTed in 
 hia Italian eampaigna. The BngUah army 
 «n often in want of pronaiona, and the 
 Firench ctTalry, tionaiating of rawracruita, 
 had not yet been drilled into the hardihipa 
 of a •oldier'a Vitt, and conaequently filled 
 the hoapitala. The treuurea of ^e two 
 ptiwsaa were daily deoreaaing, and' the two 
 «np« were tured e4 » war wliieh would 
 brinif neither prdflt nor military glory.(t>) 
 Ah Mnaiatioe eoaduded on the 7th of June, 
 IMA, auapendcd all hostilil^, add the 
 two BMnaicha editered into negotiationa 
 
 (•> Baptn de Thoyraa. 
 m IM Bellay.— Montluo.->8tata Papeia, 
 I., 781. 834.-Lui|aTd. 
 
 which were aoon terminated by a treaty 
 of peace between them. The princea of 
 the Smalkalde League interpoied, and 
 their mediation wa« accepted. The German 
 commiaaionera, Chriatophe de Verningher, 
 Johann Bruno, Johann Sturm, Ludwig 
 Bamlwrh, and Johann Sleidan met the 
 plenipotentiariea of Fiance and England 
 M Campe, a araall town aituated between 
 Ardrea and Guinea, and concluded a 
 treaty of pcace.(<>) It waa agreed that 
 the debt awing by Prance to England, 
 and atipulated by the couTention of the 
 90th of Angnet, 1S25, ahould be paid 
 in eight yeara, during which H«hry ahould 
 retain poaeeaaion of Boulogne. Thia 
 debt wu lud at two millions of erowna 
 in gold, independent of another aum of 
 fire hundred ihoaaand erowna of gold, 
 for the payment of which aobaequant 
 arrangementa ahould proTide.(') 
 
 Thua temdnaled a «ar which coat En^ 
 lahd neaity ■ millibn and a half of money. 
 Boulogne, auitend^red through tba coward, 
 ice of Verrin, waa the only trbphy ot * 
 ounpaign in which aereral thouaapida of 
 English aoldithi were aaorifleed. Narer 
 waa disloyalty ittiMwaeverely punished } the 
 leaaon waa aevor*, and Henry was compelled 
 to eubnit to erase from hia procbtoiations 
 the title of King of Fraaee. 
 
 (•) Rapinde Thojiaa. 
 
 («) Rymer, XV.. A.— HeibsBt. 
 
 CHAPTER XLV. 
 
 ORAMHER.— riMS. 
 
 ill 
 
 Xatberiae Fm^—Ber mekriags wUt Bcny the woik ti the l le fc i lM party:— OMmBair.--AadiiioMl 
 a^lB of eowardiee on Aapart of the Piinate.— Pn>src«i of tba RtlMpstkaw-^ardlnssi— «f«aaisr 
 idionneed to the King by the CtaoDs of Caaterbniy.— :pieir plot <Ula.--Ccnlest bftweea C 
 aMfl'OaiiUtor, and their nepeetive oharaetets — A li«sh jk* againsi die Primate 
 
 BwiltMtt tie siege of* BovlogiBe, Henry 
 thoa wrote to Katherine Fferr : " M^ deaieat 
 heart, (a term of alleetipn w^idi he ^iplied 
 to all hia inTea.) I am eBrq>tand with 
 joy { tiM caatle and all the advaiiMd works 
 an in my power, aatf I liofa'a^ottly to 
 
 make myaftTmaater of the town. I will 
 not enter into any lengthy detaila, for I am 
 much preaaed 'or tinie, and ana nhoMt 
 exhanated by the prciaslte of mWmff 
 aflurci I have only ja4'tllM«li>aMdli9r 
 Meawng to ay wel l k si unl ill ia i M, ,*td 
 
on terminated by a tmkf 
 en them. The princea of 
 League interpoied, and 
 nra« accepted. The German 
 C'nristophe de Veroingher, 
 Johann Sturm, Ludwig 
 
 Johana Sleidan met the 
 I of Fiance and England 
 nail town lituated between 
 luines, and concluded a 
 ).(«) It was agreed that 
 g by France to EnRlaud, 
 by the convention of the 
 ifl^ 1535, ahould be paid 
 iuring whiub H«nry ahould 
 ion of Boulogne. This 
 at two miUions of crowna 
 endent of auothar aum of 
 thooaand crowna of gold, 
 ent of which anbaaqoant 
 hould proride-O 
 lied a «ar which coat Eng* 
 lillibn and a half of money, 
 mdtaad through th« coward. 
 
 wu the only trophy ti t 
 'htch aereral thoneaoada of 
 ra were aaorifleed. Never 
 taUtt aeverely pnniahed j the 
 re^ and Henry waa compelled 
 aae from hia proclaoia^aa 
 ig of France. 
 
 ThimaB. 
 LV.. ra.— Haibeat 
 
 Uri or HBNRT VIII. 
 
 1 fivljr.— OMmm.— iadttfoul 
 wrtpetkaw-marJiBeK— CuaMir 
 Ula.— Ccniest bftwaea OmnaMr 
 tsidie Primate 
 
 maater of the town. I will 
 
 any lengthy detaila, for I am 
 
 'or tinie, and an "^■■■><'*^ 
 
 tiw prcaaite of a^fit)^ 
 
 • only >i4'tipM«li»iMdl^r 
 y W Mll h ai wd AlM wl i, liid 
 
 to recommend myeelf to the roaembranoa 
 of a few dear rriendt."(>) Katherine Pkrr, 
 whoiu Henry had married in the month 
 of July, 1543, waa the daughter of Sir 
 Thomae Parr of Kendal, and the widow of 
 Nevil, Lord Latimer. Aftor the paating of 
 the act of Parliament, which, in 1541, had 
 decreed that any young woman whom the 
 king ahould henceforward aeleet aa hia 
 wife ehould be bound, before entering the 
 royal couch, to declare whether ihe were a 
 virgin, under pain of death if aha deceived 
 her huaband, the people pradletod that 
 Henry could not in future marry any one 
 but a widow, and their prophoey wm ful- 
 filled. Katherin^ atill young, had won the 
 heart of the old monarch leaa through thai 
 high colour given to her by aome painlen, 
 than through her thaologionl knowladgeb 
 an uncommon aoquiraaant among woman. 
 Before her marriage with Henry, her houaa 
 bad been the rendeavoua of Covordale, 
 Parkhurat, and all tba flrae-thinkara of 
 LoudonX^ SkilAil and onnning, aha had 
 had many diaputea with her lover on rali< 
 gioua mattera, and had defbndad her 
 opiniona with graat fbroe. bal waa alwnyi 
 compelled to yield to the icholutlc MYpi- 
 menta of bar advenury, and doolarad her 
 conviction with ao nueli graoe, that bar 
 defeat only aerved to raiae bar in the aatiia»i 
 tion of her opponoat.(«) Ago had not 
 Mrved In the lf<ut to waokea fai Henry 
 that love of eontioveray which ha had 
 evinced fimm hia aarlieal imynt 
 
 Thta marriage waa tba Work of tha anp» 
 portera of the Befornatton. Granawr had 
 sought out a woman who would not ba 
 afraid of acknowledging her partiality for 
 the new Ideaa, In ordtt tbtH b« might aoo* 
 ceed in jiMreati^^M pc^po^ of CathoHoUm, 
 whkb'wM bqpnwiijr W^iobUdn oonaidarabla 
 inflneooa iA tha MotMila of tha aovcniga, 
 etpedally after Wtiothealf y hi4 aueoeaded 
 Audley in ^ .fikM^pf <Bti»i>c4ly» Crao* 
 mer, like a akiUnl atlleaman, eoaeaalad Uia 
 
 (•) No men ta yttu, at thyit'llnia, aWaot- 
 heartl bothefor lankodrqnMiawlgrett ooea* 
 pationeff baqraeei; aavyoff wamypiayyo n to 
 gyffe, in oar name onr karte bleenan to all 
 onr ohyldken, etCi Imttia wttk the band off 
 MBS. Oal., P. IV., 
 
 year UiUmt kowabanda.^: 
 Bili8,]l~IWblataeriaa. 
 
 («} HeibeM ^Oytkrl 
 
 Mil 
 
 plot which he had formed agaiaat tha old 
 religion i hie agenta were generally aelectod' 
 from the common people, whom he aeoretly 
 eicited to revolt, but denounced whenever 
 their leal wu likely to compromiie him 
 and expoaa him to hit maiter'a reaentment. 
 In public, be acted the part of an ardent 
 neophyte, obedient in all thinga to tha 
 will of of the Spiritual Head of the Church ; 
 never venturing to make any innovation, 
 even in tba liturgy, without having flrat 
 conaulud the king) careAil in the eitreme 
 not to infringe on any »f the articlea of 
 doctrine t cenauring the aeal of innovatora i 
 diaavowing their doctrinea with great 
 apparent dignity) ready al the flrat hint 
 from tha king, to condemn aa tha acda* 
 •iutical judge, the amalleet arron of thoaa 
 whom ha had led into tomptatioBi — tho 
 perfed model of docility and aarvilify. 
 But wa muat oonaider him aeatod b hia 
 palaeo at Lambeth, preparing in aaeret. thi 
 elementa of that NUgiooa nform, tha 
 aocompliabment of wbiob ha defbrrad tXB 
 after Henry'a death. All tha Gamaai 
 Raformara were acquainted with hia daaigna. 
 Ha waa in oorreapondanco wHh Oahli^ 
 Odandar, Bacer, and Brena. Ha it wd 
 who eaaaed to be droulatad among tha 
 people, thoaa virulent traeta againat thil 
 " purple Babylon," with, whioh Saxony waft 
 inundated. Al tha Baal Piaaence, fhf 
 fundamental dogina of tha ancient hiib, hi 
 aimed a deadly btow. All hia cNatuno 
 were ranegadaa firom CatboHidaini bU 
 brothar-in-Iaw, tba Arobdaacon of Cantar* 
 bury, wbo waa eonatantly wa|^ wit 
 agabat imagaa, in tha aama maaaar aa 
 Carlatadt i Ridley, hia ehaplain, wlio wM«»> 
 took to prove thai ConfiMiaionwM mn^ 
 a human bvantion iC) and another OMmbMi 
 of hia chapter who'maintidiiad. Oal to fMjf 
 in ade«d language waa a aaoekanr of tli* 
 Divinity. 
 
 Tha light of tha CallMdo fyt)i wm 041 
 yat exdngniahad in England. Thaif Ua^ 
 dcihand dealinga of t^ pHaata ■gaiiiat' 
 tba bUtk of St. Dnaatan wan avan d« 
 Bouneed flroBi tha polptt. "Awagr;* 
 
 m That Anrienla>Oati«MaioB wiabbta vM 
 aedUva law, Mod ordained aa 'a godly aMQl 
 ftw tha ainMr to Ooeia to tha nriM fbtr MmmP 
 batMt to ba ftmhd ii 80^^.-1^447^' 
 
 »».*. 'v;K*>;^':.^;i , .-.v) \,ft 
 
 .H«mMmmmiS^ 
 
•TO 
 
 LIVB or MMVUt Till. 
 
 MdiiiM • priMt. " vnj with that* iMMhan 
 of •rrorl Do jrou wiih to dbtinguisk th« 
 prMchar of truth flrom tho pnacher of 
 Uair You hare all in your breMU a 
 monitnaa callad contcienca. Whaa you 
 haar a aannon tharefore. aak that faithful 
 guardian, and if aba tell you this ia good, 
 liatan to tha praaohar i but if aha aajr thia 
 ia bad, turn away and ilaa.*'(') Henry 
 ahruggad his ihouldera, and amuaed him- 
 aalf with bii courtiera at tha azpcnae of 
 the rhetorician. He believed in the ortho> 
 doxy of hie faTouritai how coidd be doubt 
 it whan ha read tha followinc reply io 
 Cranmar'a own bandwrttinc to certain 
 qneationa which tha monanh had put to 
 him: "Such ia mj opinion, at tha preaent 
 momant, but I am not ao raah aa to dadda 
 •nythiofft in aU thaoa mattara, I am guided 
 by your nitfaaiy'a Jndgnient."(k) Bat m 
 tha lendar nay feal euriooa to know too 
 natnra of theae qnaationa, the eolation of 
 which the primate of England left to hia 
 ■•alar with aach edifying hamility, wa 
 win hare prodaea eoma of them. Henry 
 •akad whether tha king ooald not areata 
 new biahopa and priaate, aappoaing that 
 Hkn ahoald all hi^pan to die in one dnyt 
 •ad JatTa the aoula of the fiuthful axpoaad 
 to the danger (rf dying without tha Saoia- 
 Bante) Tha aiehbiahop replied in tha 
 dkn»tiT«.(«) Henry aaked whether m 
 Chriatlan mn bound by tha tazt, Qnanaa 
 nmimitU, to eonlhaa hia mortal ainato tha 
 yriaatf (>anmar*e reply waa ahnilar to 
 fhnt of hia chqddn, Ridley t By no 
 iK*} The king next inqaimdwhatiiar. 
 
 M T^.— p^Tpa. 
 
 1%ia if nine opinion and aentenee, at 
 Bti wUdi I do no^ tenaerarioiuly 
 , bat tumit the judgment thereof wholly 
 ante year ou^eaty.— Lambeth Libr. MSB., 
 IlOit fbl. 89. 
 
 (•) Whether U be foreftnded by God'e Uw 
 tlwt it eo fcitmie that ail the biahopa and 
 iriaala of a legioa were dead, aad that the 
 Word <tf Oodiboidd remain there tupreached, 
 ttd the aaerament of baptim and othata nn- 
 ~ , that the king of that regkm ahoald 
 
 ia UAMta and wrieeti to aap|^ the aame, 
 er no. It ie not Ibcbidden by God'e law.— 
 Todd. 
 
 (i) Whether a man be boand br the astho- 
 IJHf of thia Seriptorat QMamw r trntmltk , 
 ami aoeh like, to ooaita hia aeont deadly aiaa 
 Ssmiflat Ama»ianathoandtothaaatho> 
 itfkim BfK^fimt ftw u^aa , »».— Todd, 
 
 Jr.:. 
 
 on the eonqueet of a pagaa oooatry, 
 the prinoe, who might bare no one with him 
 but hie oivil officara, could not preach the 
 Word of Ood, or cauae it to be preached, 
 confer holy ordera, or cauae them to be 
 oonierred i The primate replied t He 
 might, he would be bound to do eo by the 
 law of Qod.(*) Henry'e neit queetion 
 wae, whether the biahop had the excluaiva 
 right, according to Scripture, to ordain 
 prieaU i The prelate replied, that ac- 
 cording to Scripture, the biahop had tliat 
 right, and the prince alao, by the order of 
 Ood, and tha people lilcawiaa by the right 
 of eleetion.O 
 
 Thaaa note of eowardiea on the part of 
 CnnoMr exdtad no aurpriaa. One of hia 
 Uographera ramarka, that immediately 
 befoco theee artAil queetiMU were addreeeed 
 to him by tha king, tha primate held 
 contrary opiniona to thoae which he 
 expeeeeed in hie repUeeiC) and in tha 
 reign M Edward VI. he abandoned theae 
 daageroua thaoriee which would hava anb- 
 Biitted tha validity of the Saoiamenta of the 
 Church to the caprioe of any tyrant titat 
 might chooae to call himaelf ChrietMm.(i>) 
 
 But the deepot waa not yet eatiafled. 
 Henry roedved to treat tha Chnrob oa ha 
 hod treated thoae whom ha had au e cea ai valy 
 callad tha laeh of hia lleah. Cranflaar and 
 aoma other biahopa aatabliahad a diatia^ 
 tion batwaan alaotioa and order. *' Election, 
 ia tho flrat daye of Chriatianity, had been 
 made by tha a pootla a, and vary often by 
 the eommtmity, boeouea there were not at 
 that tiaw any chief magiatrataB; but the 
 
 prieet by 
 
 ^Hiether any othar bat ooly a Uakcp amy 
 makeapiiMt. Here^: "A biehop may 
 make a prieet by the Icriptare, aad eo may 
 ptineae and govaiaon alao, and that by the 
 aathority of God ooaradtied to them and tha 
 peo^ alao by their e l ectJaa.— Todd. 
 
 (t) He had, befim the ariM qoaetfciae of 
 Ua a o vofid ^ were oiiealatad, aatertained 
 ita vanr diArant ftom hie pieaaut 
 
 (h) On BMtnre oooeideralion ha abandooed 
 
 aioqa pviaei|de% wUeh eidiM tlM 
 validity ef tha Saaram«rta ef Chiiat'a Omruk 
 
 to tha emioe of every tyrant who may 
 to caU UMdf a Ohiialjan.~Ta4|. 
 
OMt of a paff^n ooantiy, 
 » might hart no om with him 
 Hcera. could not proaeh Iha 
 , or cauaa it to ba preaohad, 
 rdera, or cauaa them to ba 
 Tha primiOa replied i Ha 
 Id ba bound to do ao by tha 
 ■) Hanry'a neit quaation 
 ;ha biahop had tha axcluaiva 
 ng to Scripture, to ordain 
 a prelata replied, that ac- 
 ■ipture, tha biahop had that 
 I prince alao, by the order of 
 IMMpk lilcawiaa by tha right 
 
 of eowardiea on tha part of 
 •d no aurpriae. One of hia 
 ramarka, that immadiataly 
 tAil qnaakiona wara addraaaad 
 ba king, tha primala bald 
 niona to thoae which ha 
 hia rapUaa((i) and in tha 
 urd yi. ha abiuuloBad thaaa 
 »riaa which woolU hara aub> 
 idity of the Saoamenta of the 
 I caprice of any tyrant that 
 to call himaelf Chriatkn.(k) 
 aapot waa not yet aatiafled. 
 id to treat tha Chnrob aa ha 
 Mwa whom ha had anecaaiifaly 
 h of hia flaah. Cianmar and 
 •ahopa aatabliahad • diatia^ 
 ilaetion and order. " Election, 
 laya of ChriatiMiity, had been 
 m oatla a, and vary often by 
 ty, bacMiaa than were not at 
 J chief magiatntaai but tha 
 
 it agafaMt GaA'a k'v. hat, eon- 
 ^t mdeed lo to do.— Todd. 
 „ n Uihop hath anthotity l« 
 1 by tha Seitotnre or no, and 
 othar hot caly a Uakcp may 
 Hare^: "A biahop may 
 by tha ioiptnra, and ao may 
 ■nwaon alaa, and that by the 
 lod ooatmitted to them and tha 
 ' their eleetioiL— Todd. 
 I, baftia the artlht VMatfciM of 
 ere oiienlatad, entertained 
 diArent ftom hia praaaut 
 
 Uri or HBMIT Till. 
 
 871 
 
 1 
 
 nie eooaidaration ha abandooad 
 qa prineii^ wUah anliaet the 
 I Saorameato ef Chiriat'a tamnih 
 of every tyrant who majy < 
 aOhdilJab-lMA. 
 
 Sacrament of order could only be conferred 
 by him who, by prayer and faating, brought 
 down grace in the name of lha Holy Ohoat 
 upon tha foiehea«l of the neophyte. "(■) 
 liie Icing interrupted the argument: " In- 
 deed," eaid he, ironically, " and where then 
 have you met with thia distinction between 
 theee two atthbutiona t And if the apoetle 
 holds the place of the prince in the case of 
 election, how will you prove to roe that 
 order ia an episco|>al attribution f By 
 your ptr maiiNNm layotMoMin own ora^iotia 
 H jtjumiof Where did you read that?" 
 Enoouraged by the poeition of tha primata, 
 and urged on no doubt by hia aeeret ad« 
 vice, a number of the reformara aaaembled 
 at Windeor in order to oirculata what they 
 term^ tha word of tha new goapal. Thay 
 were denounced by Dr. London, who had 
 made himaelf oonapicnoua, at tha time of 
 tha diaaolntion of tha monaateriaa, by hia 
 ftirioua aeal againat imagea and relioa. 
 Thia London, ainea the death of hia pro- 
 tector, Cromwell, had attached himself to 
 Gardiner, who had obtained for him • 
 eanon'a atali at Windaor.(^ In thia ta- 
 furroed eonvantide, tha atatute of tha Six 
 Artielea waa openly attacked. Anthony 
 Peraon. a priest, Robert Teetwood and 
 John Marbeek, ohantara, and Henry Filmer, 
 were the principal oratora. An order waa 
 issued to visit tha bouaaa of thoaa who 
 were suspected of holding heretical 
 opiniona. At Marbeek'e waa fbund • oom- 
 mentary nf the Bible, and at the reaidancae 
 of the other menbara, heterodox hooka. 
 Henry decided Aal tbcy ahould be broogfat 
 to trial,(<) and they thmfore appeared be- 
 fore a tribunal praridad over by Capon, 
 Bishop of Saliahvry, Franklin, Dean of 
 Windsor, Faohal. Rector of Reading, and 
 three other prieats^ all at whom had pro- 
 bably a^racAmil for iHu new goapal. Thqr 
 wm acenaad of having apokan agaiaat tka 
 Mass; and the Jmj having Caaad them 
 guilty, they ware aantonaad to ba bnrat 
 alive. Three of thana mflbfad at the ataka 
 on the foUowing daji but Marbaok waa 
 pardoned throq|h Ao intanat of dia 
 
 (•) »rypa.~AyrwdlzXXYIII. 
 
 ,, Bnmet. 
 
 Bishop of WInchsster. They underwent 
 their eentence with apparent pride, praying 
 toOodfur theking'eoonveraion; mistaken 
 victima, who perished for the triumph of 
 dootrinee which the Primate of Engknd 
 was teaching in secret, hut had not the 
 courage to profesa openly I The Jury con- 
 demned poor labourere for refusing to 
 believe in the Real Preeence, while tha 
 archbishop himself Joined with hia frienda 
 in Germany in ridiculing this Catholic 
 dogma. Ilia great heresiarch of tha 
 period was Cranmer, who denied a great 
 part of the artielea of the Catholic Adth i 
 who apant hia nighta in preparing natter 
 for pamphlete to ba published againat tb« 
 Church of Riime, when death should hav* 
 delivered him of Henry i Cranmer, who is 
 hia palace at Lambeth, held nocturnal ialar> 
 viewe with aoma of thoae Scoteh priaonan 
 whom he had received aa hia guaataafhar 
 tha battle of Solway Moea,C) and whoa 
 he waa seeking to aeduca. Among thaai 
 prisonera was one of noUa deecent, the 
 Earl of Cassilis* whom tha kbg and tha 
 archbishop both daaired to oon>.^ to their 
 reapectiva creeds i Henry by meana of hk 
 "Christian Inatitute," thadoetrinaaof vhiah 
 the Bishop of St David's waa eommisaioMd 
 to expound iC^ the archbishop, by aaaaM 
 of honiUee derived firom tha PiroteatuI 
 liturgy I and the prim^ waa victoiiooa. 
 On seeing his noble convert depart fiw 
 Seothnd, Cranmer saidi "Aa aooa ■■ 
 God ehall vouchaafa to anlightoa tha miadr 
 of the mountalneere, I hope tfliat o«r 
 attachment to Caaeilfe wiU not ba withmrt 
 ite fhiiia.''(r) He waa not deceived ia hte 
 axpectationa, for Gaaailia became one of 
 the moat aealoua diaeiplee of Joha Kaos. - 
 We hav* apokan of tha party that «NW 
 fonaed agaiaat Cranmer, and at tha head «f 
 which waa Gardiner, the only man, who^ la 
 hia day, poeaamed aay practical idsaa !»> 
 
 (*) At Lambeth he ei^erieooed aU tha 
 attenUoaa due to his ruik. not without the eao- 
 oessftil endeavour of the archbishop to con- 
 viaoe him of the errors of Romaalsm.-Tbdd. 
 
 (•) m book made no impraerioa npoa 
 them.— U. 
 
 (f) When it should pleaaa God to enliihiaa 
 that country, he hoped the intfanaey wUShad 
 aaWsted batwssB fr«aad thaBulerba^ 
 alight act lAi^ be without sibet—m 
 
 AA S ^ 
 
97i) 
 
 lim or MiVftT Vrti. 
 
 •ftactfoff di« Bnfflwh eoBttitatkm.(*) TMa 
 furtf, to which iobw of th« hl«hop« wwo 
 •tteehcd, MMD began to doplon tha Mhiim 
 that hid tftken plmct, ind which MpM«t«d 
 thcni fIroiB Rom*. Ambitioa had driv«n 
 tho RiMtar portion ofthceUrfT, tofethtr 
 with tho pMn. th« rambtn of FwUMMnt, 
 mi tho gontry into •chimt they had all 
 diowwl thonaohTM to ho acdaowl by tho 
 daolN of woridlr di|iiilr,(k) into o ravoh 
 which they iR«||>Md thoy wmdd ho nhto to 
 dboctwithraccoN. Thoy hwl boM fbtdiah 
 owwgh to faaagtao thai tho Holy 8*0 would 
 vMmlriy yioM to tho hte|'a captico in tho 
 irfMr of Asm Bolaynt bm whoa thay 
 IblMd that Hanry. earriad away by hit 
 paaaioa> aaeiiieod tha Chvch to hia nia. 
 4Na% thay hahod oa tho brink of tlM abyaa 
 4» 'wUeh tibay had oontribnlad in drivtaf 
 4Mr ■nfMiiiMli aotonifat btil H waa 
 Itaataakta. Lnfhar, who from Wlttaa»> 
 ti n fc ll pwai tha taratotioBafy l U Taaw t 
 kiBil^hHad. tookadraaiafa of CnaoBar'a 
 pailMlljlhf thitlmnT- ■»"*-^ -»-*-*—- 
 «M iato thd Uaidom aoaaa of tiMMo UhaW 
 lata whkk had Mmd kisfai 
 Qanan popalaoa agalMltiM 
 
 Nby.(«) ThaaawritingaiwWth 
 
 Inwaacompoaad a to aaiaaat oaca aa tta 
 iiiHiiihi tnlal iatha Ibna of iStaa§um 
 SMlatwM^ and T«na, wan nad with itraifk 
 OTidtori«Bi«laBd.(«) Wolaey.ihonaihiy 
 afiqpoaadia paindpliia aDvlalaBt laoaaan*, 
 waMrtadUonalf with eondanntag thaaa 
 lliatliarilnMfertotha Immoi at alalarpariod 
 IwwaMib ia lM4,Mi AalaC PMliMiiaMwaa 
 fMik|»pNUhHliHt tkaaalaaf baoka 1Mb. 
 
 a*a«tMaftiwkhNl*>M*) Balto.pn> 
 Had 40 anail HMfcapMiaf thaaMfHMn* 
 «»ao«taada||itaaitlw 
 t) laaaiadidHaBir 
 r«|oa« HM adkand wMk aUMMily 
 la Aa dMiriaw thai hal baan iaiiUted 
 Mi atad by aai|y im v nmi0m m 
 ^ Oioaab •m^of tha laaMa to 
 .•n-^thavokaortlia ••flraa.tUakanir' 
 Wat Am «ttp of Om pUa^ ai fma a padaMd 
 
 from whioh thay bravod thair Judgaa. tha 
 aactoriana aang h>inna of gralituda to Uod, 
 whlla ihalr diaelplaa, laaa coaraffoooa. dad 
 from puniahmant, in aipartation without 
 doubt o( that iplritual radamption pro- 
 miand tbam by Cranmar. Una of tha 
 asoat powarfhl alamanu of tiio Raform 
 Propaganda waa tha publication j( tha 
 Blhla in tho ralgar tongua, which Grom- 
 wall and Oraaaar furourod with all thair 
 intaraat. After tha aioeation of tha vicor^ 
 ganaial, an onlar, dated «th May..lS49. 
 decreed that an Bnglieh Bible ahonld ha 
 pUoad in avary pariah ohtiroh, at tha die* 
 pooitioB of all thoea who eoald road aad flit 
 anxleoa to aaaniaa tta taaehing.(k) 
 
 Thia word of aalralloB, thwi phMod 
 wMUn tha raaek of tho poopU, waa rather 
 tha word of lyadal tbaa that of tha Holy 
 Spirit It war the Bnglieh veratoa of that 
 taaorater. pabUahed at Anvaia in 16M« 
 aad i«p«Mbhad at Straibaig. in 16^. aad 
 lapriatod In issr, andor ika aaiM <if 
 MalAaw. thai waa bow ttpoaad to toaipt 
 tha Mth irf tha paopla. la tta tool 
 iaatanea, aargiaal aotao wara iaaarted 
 ■imikr to Ihaaa aiada naa of by Lather, on 
 tha imipihurMM of "Poperyt" bat tkaai 
 waaa anppraaaod ia OrannMr'a Blhla. What 
 eaa wathtokafavaialoa which, repmdaNd 
 aad lajpabUahad ao oAaa under tho roiga 
 of Heary, raappaarad la aaeh aditioB with 
 firoeh jm rraat ln aaaad a tt a i a il Bai . tha ftiaaiaa 
 af tha ttaariatoi^ wMeh ha ahn^ auribatod 
 tothaBalySpMII TMa Bagllah IMy 
 Ohoal had IM tnadatod omMb by 
 I bat «l fell** f«M, haiaqriMd 
 ' hto f 
 
 gaidaae*, to aaa Iki 
 toahowthalAablty aaghttoharai 
 ah«a la tlM g a rwa — H af thaOMaliaa 
 
 ioolaty^) 
 
 kapafoaaaalaiBa dadi to tta 
 oe(loaitr«f tha b/H w d a M ka 
 fiaariiad. opaaad t|w rataaMb < 
 with limiiiaiiniij bagaa l» aspavad iM 
 doetriaaa d- ika rawaalad Waid. Tlw 
 ptMwMaaw e ai p a lM »» >fcwidaa hia 
 polpH aad all at hIa aaM b hb paaabylarid 
 HahadbaeonaiapirtBoa% la tha 
 
 S 
 
•y htvni tlMir JudffM, th« 
 ; h>.ant of Kr«lilud« to tiod, 
 
 •nt, la txpartuion without 
 I ipirlttwl rtdamptton prO' 
 ty CrMimcr. CMm of tha 
 I •kmmu of tha Raforra 
 PM tha puhUoalioii jf tha 
 ulnar tonffu*! which CSrom- 
 nar fbrourad with all thair 
 r tha aiaoation oC tha viear* 
 niar. datad «th Ma7,.lft4a, 
 in Bngliah Blbla ahosld ba 
 7 pariah ehwroh, at tha dia* 
 khoaa who emdd raad aad fclt 
 ABiBa tta taMhla||.(h) 
 of aahraUoB, thw phMad 
 oh of tha paopla, «M mtbar 
 ymial thaa tha* of Mm Holy 
 I tha Bnf liah vanhm of tha* 
 Uiahad at Aarara in 15M, 
 id at StraabwR. In Ift^W. aad 
 lSSr» vndar tk» naiM of 
 I waa BOW tt paaad to toapl 
 tho paopla. b «ho im 
 mtaal Mlaa ^fm* l a ml ii l 
 10 Biado oao of by Lalhar,oa 
 HMof •«Popanri''bat tbaai 
 •diaOiaBnMr'aiUUa. WhM 
 if a vanlaa wbteh, taprodaNd 
 ad ao oAoB uadar tha rtiRa 
 ippaand ia aaefa adMoa wkh 
 MOaad akantkMf: tho fhaaiaa 
 
 8pMII Thli BaffUah IMF 
 km tnadoM oMiiiia by 
 ai a Mao pvnoat ao laapw^ 
 • wNto aadar Ua 
 
 aNMty ovght to IMN* MOM 
 •fthaQhrkliaa 
 
 rwhaathoBMalnii 
 ft laifo imk to tii 
 llM bjanadiiv tha oiaifc <r 
 «ka TnlaMa aid lUad 
 to ospopad tha 
 Word. Tha 
 •w eoavoll|dto aboBdavlM 
 t at hk aaaa la hh paaabytorU 
 adbaeoaM«9Hlaa«% bitha 
 
 ^ 
 
 Un or HIIIBT TUh 
 
 879 
 
 rallffbMia ooraniunity, for what nead waa 
 Ihara th«nccfur«vard of tha oral teaching 
 of tha priaat, ainoa, tbaoka to Tyndal, any 
 ona who eouid read waa at liberty to Maume 
 tha ffnidanee of an evanRelioal floeh t Tha 
 readinir of the Bible, bowerer, only tended 
 to Ineraaaa dieputei, and there ware aoon 
 aa many interpreteia aa readara, aaoh 
 immadiataly and directly guided by tba 
 apiril of unity, eeekiog to aatablii^ bia 
 own prhrata iatorpratatioa aa a haavaaly 
 intpliation. England bow poaaaeead bar 
 prophe'B ae well aa Qamiany bad poa> 
 aeaead ben, bat tba Engliab prophet, 
 ftorftel of the kiag'a anger, coaload 
 klmaalt toiaaoH, wMumlhaTing r e eo or aa 
 to ama in daimce of itk intorpretotioa. 
 "In Kagknd," reoMrka Braanoa, "tba 
 king raigna either by death or by 
 terror.**!*) Norfolk and Gardiner took 
 •dvaataga of a mouiaatary abaaaoa of 
 Cranmer to point out to tho king tha 
 danger of allo»ing thaea voraiona b tho 
 mlgar tongaa to be elreukiadi aad tho 
 king, on r aoone i dering the nwttar, pco- 
 bibitad tho aaia of Tyndal'a meorraei tnuMN 
 ktion. aad decraad that tba BiUa akoold 
 no longer bo read in tha ehnrahaa to tha 
 peaaantry, to women, or any peraoaa iaeap« 
 able of andarataading it(<») Tho GathaUc 
 party, tba lasportaneo of whkk Bomal 
 uq}aatly deniee, waa in » niaoaity ia 
 London and all tha krga towaa, bal in a 
 majofii^r in tho ooontry parte of tho north 
 and aouth of Bngland.(«) Tha pmaati, 
 avan after tha dtofth of Hany VIIL, sHai. 
 faatad dfaipoaltiom ao hootila to tba Bate- 
 mattoB, diat gof«nBMa* waa obligad . to 
 recall tlia Gamian troopa fkooi Oalaiey *'to 
 bring tlMiB to raaaaB.'*(«) TU paaaaalry 
 of Kent aepaciBily aaaifbatod a lively 
 attaehtoent to tha aadaat frith of Edward, 
 aad tha OadMUeo of that aooaty long 
 laaiatad dl CraaaMi'a a t ten pte at eomip* 
 tion. 11m Aaptar of Oantarbaiy, not to 
 be ttAaiitA'mlkmf by ftor or eajcdery, had 
 fkeqaaatly danoooead fhnn tho pnlpit tho 
 bypoofitieal coodnet of tba prinato 
 
 (•) In Aa^ 
 ooatiaidt* 
 84thIlMiyyiIL.a.I. 
 
 •) Uallam. 
 
 aaatolitaat 
 
 I 
 
 A atona waa about to buret out againet 
 
 tba arcbbiibop. Encouraged by Gardiner, 
 
 aoma of the canona of Canterbury da< 
 
 nounoad to tha king and to tba wbolo 
 
 country certain aeto that Cranmer bad 
 
 committed, and which, had their eoamiaaioii 
 
 boon proved, muet have ruined him in th« 
 
 king'a eetiaation. They aecuaed him of 
 
 having allowed aoma of bit viaitora to cany 
 
 off from tba ehtvohee the iaiagae of aaiabii 
 
 of tolerating at Canterbury a club, at 
 
 whidi a tailor acted aa a prieet, and, p«r 
 
 tending to ba inapired, axplatnad Aa 
 
 Soripturae to hie diaeiplea by twiating thaoi 
 
 aoooffding to bia fkncy i of protecting thoaa 
 
 nambera of tha clergy who. like Spooair, 
 
 vicar of Broughton, praacbad agaiaili 
 
 auricular coofbaaion, and rafuead to hmf 
 
 tba penitente who came to them ta conipap 
 
 their crimeai of keeping up a coneapondaMf 
 
 with tiw German Reformam i of danyiqg 
 
 tha Raid Plraeancei of rafuaing to ada4|k 
 
 tho MaM aa a aacrifloat of regarding thf 
 
 ealibaoy of tho clergy aa an immoral at«teb(<9i 
 
 Tha oMmorial oontaining aa anonarMip^ 
 
 •f thair oonqilaiate agninal tha piinato m 
 
 aaeiotly eoavayad to the kiqg, whob ftigvi^ 
 
 aatoaiahmaa^ pnteadad to bdiaya t|^ 
 
 aecuaation, aad azpraaaad hi/t iatoatioa ,fif 
 
 inatitating a aariooa inqniry into tha «qb>, 
 
 doet of bia fcvoorita. A fcw daya aftor* 
 
 tba monareh took hia barge and npaii!<A 
 
 to (ha ai«hbiahop*a seaidaaoa at L^nkAlk 
 
 At tha eight of a barga aqnaon^i^ ^ 
 
 tho royal anna, CtaaoMr J»aeaf4(|ii % 
 
 atapa of hia palace, tad l^i^teiwd to thf 
 
 vi*w, to noat and coa^Umaat bia awrntoigib 
 vbo iavilad him, ia an affantionf^ipfflin^ , 
 to taken aail on tba rivpr. T|te,v^umt|1 
 took hia aeafcby tha aide of ttio ktag, «|^ 
 tJM fbUowiag oonvwaattoa iaynadif 
 
 ooBuacBead batonm tbtm ;— 0) 
 
 •"IVuiy,** aaid tho kiiw. ]ooUi« atte«^ 
 tivaly at tha aiohbiahop, whil^ tho ^af»t I 
 waa fetoraing «p tba Thama^ "I h«f|| 
 boon thinking tariovalj on the pit)g(ip|| 
 that bereay ia making in iny kingdoi|i,|| 
 bat woa to aim who aball ba foand apna<Hijj| j 
 
 (•) See Sliyp^ chap. uvL, headed. "Blaeh 
 CbMida ever the Aieiibiihop," ia wUA tha 
 a cca ae t fea e brou|^ afaiaet the natrta aaa 
 gtvea hi detail. ^ 
 
 (f) B^ptadoTboyiaa.— Blqpptf'allaaMririi. 
 
 .^MM^aliitmiitm-''iHf9W'^frmi^ ' • 
 
874 
 
 UfB or HRXRT Tin. 
 
 U >»om( my i-opta, 1 nhM «ftolnly db- 
 com him. tnd punJ.h Wm wllh th« utmwit 
 Mv«ritT. Wbat do you think of itf 
 -Your M>1. «r«. U c«U»nly wry pttiie. 
 •worthy; hot I m<«t tntrnt your m%|eity, 
 la th« Mm* of God, to eitmln* MHoaily 
 what h U thai !■ ftntmUy Urroed barety, 
 latt. inatawl of punUhlng aactariana, you 
 kl yoar angar laU on tha diadplaa of tba 
 word of Troth." " Oh I I ahaU not allow 
 nyaalf to ba droairad. I aaaoia you. Ara 
 you aequainted with tha heraaiarch of 
 Ktnt,tha protector of tha aaotarianaf I 
 liMW him well i you art tha vary mao, my 
 htu chaplain."(«) Hanry than took from 
 hia douhkt tha mamorial praaantad to him 
 by tha canona of Oantaibnry. aayioR. " Baad, 
 iwdr Cranmer, after haTing paniaad a 
 fcw Itnaa of tha accuaation, threw hlmaelf 
 at Hanry'a feet, and, with daapad hande, 
 t rii«a Heavaa to bear witpaaa to hfa ortho- 
 aoiy I ha acknowle«lR«d that ha had beau 
 imrriad, but obaerrad that on tha paaaing 
 of thaatatnte of tha Six Aitiolaa, ha had 
 fanmadiately a«n^ hia wift b«o|i to Garmany ( 
 Mid aoded by humbly nquaaang to ba 
 triad bafota hia peara, that ha might have an 
 eppotunity of proving hia Inaocanec. Ha 
 kaew well what ha waa doing i no ona 
 «oiibl reproaeh him with having uttered a 
 word againat the dogmaa approved of by 
 tha Ung.rt Had he bean arraigned at 
 tha bar of tha Hooaa of Lorda. ha would 
 Ml hava pleaded long. Ibr ha would have 
 •niafanad. "My eraed ia tha eroad ei tha 
 king," and how could ha than hava bean 
 eondamnad. Henry raiaad hia bvourita, 
 •nbraead him, and appointed a eommiaaion, 
 pot to asunina into tha pHmata'a eondnel, 
 but to pnNWCuta hia acoiaara. Soma of 
 Ami wan Impriaonad. and tha rart w«a 
 obliged to go aa anpplieaata to bag tha 
 fnhKiabop^a patdon-C) 
 
 Tha eanoaa wata was* to lul. Tnay 
 ware attacking a pfSaat whoaa opiniona 
 waia raiaetad in thoea of hia maatar . aa tha 
 amnatton ia eald to reflaet theeokmr of tha 
 ibjeet praaented to it i a Catholl* whan ha 
 i^pUad to tha work of Vadiaaua. " Apho- 
 
 ; (•) O my ehariaiii. now I know who la tha 
 . giwtwt heretic in Kent.-8trypa. 
 
 O) Bapin de Tboyiaa 
 (•) Btiyffa. 
 
 riam upon tha oonaideration of the Eueha- 
 rlet." becauM Henry believad in the R*al 
 Preaencei a Lutharan In bit Cataohiim 
 dodlcaUd to Edward, beoauea the royal 
 youth believed in tha doctrine of oonaub- 
 atantiation i a Calviniat a few rooniha Uur, 
 beoausa tha Regent. Somereet. waa farour- 
 abto to tha Genevan eree«l.(<«) Hia adver- 
 eariea weia not, however, diaeouraged by 
 the fUlure of the chapter, and tha atraggla 
 revived with renewed vigour. John Oort- 
 wick, in the Hooae of CSommona, had tha 
 boldneea to aoeuaa tha primaU of •aort- 
 mantarlanlam. If it could have been 
 proved that ha r«jaatad the doctrine of the 
 Reel Praeenee. ha would hava been roined j 
 but by denying that he ever had held any 
 othw opinion than that of the king on the 
 Euehariat, ha onca more cKaped the aUke, 
 to which the vain orthodoiy of hia maaler 
 would have condemned him. On hearing 
 of the accuaation brought againat hit 
 fkvourita. Hanry exclaimed j "It la a 
 monatroua act of impertinence fbr a 
 eooundral Uka Goatwkk to attack in fuH 
 Pariiamant the honour of tha primate of 
 tha kingdom I" And turning towarda ona 
 of hia ottoara, ha laid j "Go to tba Houae 
 and tall thia acoondral that If he doea not 
 retraet thU calumny and make hia racoo- 
 olliation immediately with my Lord id 
 Canterbury. I will llrat make of him a poor 
 Goatinok » and my reeentroant ahall not ba 
 limited to that, for I wUl punieb him aa aa 
 oampla to othara."(«) Ooetwiok waa 
 tharafoia obliged to beg tha primato'a 
 pardoa. Tha king'a Ungnaga waa not 
 aaigmadeals Hanry gave him tha Aoioa 
 of aubmiaaion or death. . . .^ 
 
 Cranmer bad triumphed, and ha detap. 
 Buaad to prolt by hia victory. A number 
 of tha aara having baooma vacant, he 
 enrtad aU hia iniuaaca to hava them AHad 
 by the partlaana of tha Baformatfen. Lae. 
 ArdibUhop of YoA. waa aucoacded by 
 Robert Holgaiia, Bithop of Uaadaf , a 
 nna of a torbulaat apirit, who. ahortty 
 
 (4) Sandaia da gchiimata. 
 (•) Tell iha Varlet Oottwldt, that if ha do 
 not iknowledae hit fault unlo my l«rd of Can. 
 
 Goatwtck. and oiherwiw Ptta^hhtoi ta tM 
 eaample of olhera.— 8uyp«'a Memertaia. 
 
idcratloB of the Eiieh*- 
 rv lM)iflv«d kn the RtkI 
 MR \n bit C«tMhiira 
 ird, bMMUM tha royal 
 the doctrina of oonaub- 
 iniat a few monilia Uur. 
 « Somaraat. waa farour- 
 M craa«J.(««) Hia advaf. 
 nravar, dlKoun^ad by 
 hapter, and tba atnigKia 
 red Tifour. John Ooat- 
 a of Commona, had tha 
 a tba primate of aaora- 
 ' it could have been 
 toted the doctrina of the 
 irould have been ruined i 
 >at be erer bad held any 
 , that of tba kinn on iha 
 ! more eacaped the atake, 
 orthodoxy of hia maaler 
 mned bim. On bearing 
 B brought aKainat hit 
 exclaimed i "It ia a 
 at impertinenee for a 
 }Btwiok to attack in full 
 onour of the primate of 
 Ind turning towarda one 
 aald t " Oo to tba Houae 
 ndrel that if he doee not 
 ny and make hia rccon< 
 tely with my Lord tt 
 1 flrat make of him a poor 
 y reeentment ahaU not be 
 r I will paniah bim aa an 
 isriA*) OoetwMk waa 
 I to beg the primaU'a 
 iag'a language wh not 
 try gave him the diaice 
 
 tin or ifiKKT vrii. 
 
 ITI 
 
 triumphed, and he deter* 
 y hia victory. A number 
 ing beoome vaoaat. be 
 lueace to have them Ailed 
 af the Keformation. I^e, 
 York, waa aHcoecded by 
 I, Biabop irf Uaadaf, ■ 
 ilent apirtt, who. ahordy 
 
 SdtiiaMte. 
 
 ariet OoMwidc, (bat if be do 
 Ilia fault uittoray l«td of Can- 
 ■MM both make bim a pew 
 therwito puniah bim to the 
 (.— Suype'a Memetiaia. 
 
 after hia inatalktlon, began, eayt Burnet, 
 tu reform the numcroua abutea which atill 
 aiiatad in the divin ; eervice in hie dioeeee, 
 anch aa the invocation of aainta, the 
 veneration of Imagee, pilgrimagea, the 
 ouitam of carrying the viaiioum to the 
 aick, and auricular confeaaion. Holbeacb, 
 a man of no attainmante or prinoiple, waa 
 raiaed to the epiacopal aee of Roeheeter. 
 Rverytbing waa prepared to extinguiah tht' 
 laat apark of Catholicity, aa aoon aa death 
 ahould have terminated the career of Henry 
 VIII.(«) 
 
 Alarmed, however, at that controreraial 
 mania which had infected every part of 
 the country aince the Bible bad been given 
 to the people in the vulgar tongue, Henry 
 deemed it adviaable, in order to put an 
 and to the tbeologioal diaputee that were 
 threatening the aubility of tkia ofaurob, to 
 forbid all ohitdran, woman, and peaaanta, 
 to read the aaerad Volume. Thie ariato> 
 oratio whim of ooneealing "the Word of 
 God" from the ignorant waa a tenible bbw 
 upon the Biblical miaaioiuuiee. Cranmer 
 hboured hard to coovinee hie maaler of 
 the danger inourred by thie meaanre, and 
 at length eueoeedcd la obtaining permieekm 
 to publiab aa BngUah vareioa of the Bible, 
 to be tnaalated under the iwr—ilbmei of 
 hia BM^ieety. Cranmer wanted to have the 
 Ma« aaid in the vulgar tongue aa it waa ia 
 OermaayK^ but Heaiy wu too much 
 attaohed to that noble Latin language ia 
 which be bad obtaiaed hia tbeohigioal 
 trinmpba in hia eonteata with Luther, to 
 concede thie pointi he eheriahed the laa* 
 guage like a laureate of rhetoric. The 
 primate, however, conttnuad to importune 
 the king whom he never auiered to reet. 
 till he had obtaiaed permiaaioa to have the 
 Utaniee recited ia BngUah. TheReformera 
 clapped their haada. aad ware tmnaported 
 with Joy. when Craamar iatroduoed into 
 the Iteay the fbllowiag iavooation i" From 
 the tyraaay of the Biahop of Rome and 
 aU hia deteetable baaeaeea, deliver ue. O 
 Lord." Cranmer, the only naa, aoeording 
 to Hoary, who aever ref^iaed anything to 
 hia aoTe«riga.(*) took, advantage of the 
 
 8 
 
 I*) Burnet. 
 Hume. 
 Le Grand. 
 
 influence that he had obtained ov«ir tho 
 king'e mind to eccura for the triumph of 
 the new doetrinee, and there ia no knowinf 
 to vbat exUnt be might have carried hia 
 innovaiiona, had not Oardiner, who waa in 
 correapondenea with Charlsa V., warned 
 the king tliat tha emperor waa threatening 
 to break off all intercourae with BnglancI, 
 if hia miO"*ty ihould continue to liaten ta 
 the enemiee of the ancient fluth. The 
 primate'e auooeee, oonaequently, met with a 
 temporary obaek.C) 
 
 From thie period, the two prolatee were 
 engaged in inoeaaant eonteeta, in wbleb 
 each atruggled to overcome hie enemy by 
 the diaplay of thoee diiWrent paaaiona 
 which were natural to bim; Cmnmer by 
 hie spirit of craft and cunning i Gardiner 
 by the impetuoeity of hie tei.ipcr. Had 
 Hanry'a reign been prolonged but a few 
 yeara more, it ia probable that the lying 
 and deceit of the primau wuuld have auc* 
 cumbed under the blnnt candour of tho 
 Biahop of Wincbaaier. But the man of 
 tho north, repreaented by the primate, poe< 
 aeaaed an advantage over the eoutbero 
 character, repreeented here in the peraoa 
 of the biabop. Maater of all hia aetione, 
 of hk aott) aa wall aa hia pea, Craannr 
 aever committed aay fbolt that oould eom* 
 promiae him in the eyea of hia maater t whilet 
 Oardiner, with hia impetnoua anger, waa 
 oontinually committing himaalf, ia tha 
 opinion til the Iting aa well aa ia that of 
 the public { hia diapoeitioB waa atamped oa 
 hia eouateaanoe and alwaya diaplayed ia 
 hia writiaga. Cranmer poeaeaae d all tha 
 vieee common to oourtiera, diaaimulatioo. 
 obaequiouaneea and oowardfawi Oardiner. 
 the paaaiona of youth, imprudence aau 
 aagar i aad hia manner waa aa intemperate 
 aa hia apeoeb. Oranmat'a oonduet under 
 Henry VIIL ia a perfaot model of learaed 
 hypocriay t(*) hie langntge and pbyaioc* 
 noiiy. everything in the primato vac 
 
 (') Hume. 
 
 (•) Not only in casae when fortune fkvoured 
 the Lnlharaaa, but wb»» any one waa to In 
 boned on a charge of heraay, or a prieat to be 
 deprived of hia wifb, no one waa more active 
 than Cranmer ; far bin levity in lalteriaa the 
 Ung evereame hia obetinaoy aa a heretw.--' 
 Le Oiaad, Hiaioira du divorce, fuotiBf llraai 
 tho M8. Ufa of the Aidibiahop of Oaol«» 
 bniyi ._..••...» 
 
 ■*^! 
 
Mva OP nnmf rm. 
 
 'it 
 
 pa« Bor* ikitfyil In aitinff virtu*, from 
 kia palMW at LArabdh. ha iralolMd atUn- 
 tiTtly •rarjr caprio* of hla maaUr, and 
 •ppanrad ie glory In bU alaviak inbinia- 
 •ion to tlM monarah'a wiU{ in hta ay**. 
 Baary waa mora ihMi a king, ha wa« a 
 dlviniqr> wlioaa avary word waa an orarU, 
 Md ha poaaaaaad ih* art of dlTlnlng avary 
 vovd and thought that oocupiad tha mind 
 of hia Ck>d. Kadowad with unboundad 
 pntUnca, ha couiri wait tor tha iaana of 
 •vmla with atoia tranquillity, and prapar* 
 himaalf long baforahand to act tlia |iart 
 vhi«b eireuoMtancaa, in proportion aa ihay 
 ' •hovld davaiop thamaalvaa, might mquira 
 hlm.(*) 
 
 (a) Whan ha mbliabad, at Iha eommanoa* 
 mant of tha ralga of Edward VI., Ua homUiaa 
 in ealabntlon of thai yonthftil klnf'a accaa- 
 •lon, Oorardala'a mthuaiaam waa ao much 
 •seilad bjr lha worte of tkaarohMah^p, that ha 
 •alntad tka yooag prinoa aa tha oouaiaaiiar- 
 iB<€hiaf of tha anniaa of lha aarlh, aa \bM 
 fUoi of tha aUto-Taaaal, aa lha Noah of tha 
 aaarad aih, aa tha dor* that b(oa|ht to tha 
 
 ipoiU lha oUva branch of 
 at tha TtnatUitT of OraaaMr. who in hiaaar- 
 rapndiatad doetitnaa whioh ha had pra- 
 
 '\V 
 
 taught, Oardiaar 
 irritaiad, and. Irad with iatfgnation. dMnandad 
 tha raaaon of Ihia alranga anoataay. " Yoa 
 taU ma." aaid ha, " that jMa nujaaty haa 
 baaa daedrad in tha baqk anUtlad 'tha 
 Ki^t Uoakt' but it wp .Parllammt that 
 
 rw it thia taia, and yvu ilmntlt raoogniaod 
 raeaivad it, approrad of It, and *wm racom- 
 maodad It in yoor diooaaa ! Wonld you baTo 
 Mtronlaad a work that waa not orthodoi I If 
 b Boataliad anon audangariag tha aalvaUon 
 of aoukb wonld your grnoo, and mi^iiaai of 
 biihopa. haTa baan diapeaad to riak tha aalra* 
 tka of your look, by giving tham aa artteka 
 of feUh tha doeniaw ooalainad hi lha rayal 
 book t Vor iDiur yaara, your graoo haa baaa 
 M by BO olhar aj^lnal food than that ooe- 
 tafaMd in • tha Kfa^a Book.' a&d no aoanar ia 
 tha Mngdaad tha yen wrlta to ma atalfaig 
 »a> hk hjijwim waa daorivad : 4*eai**d by 
 ^lAomr" WUahia not hia book bacaaaa leal 
 a it. bat b aa au aa it waa indad* ao aeknow- 
 iMbad by Ua parUamaut. and aeknowladmd 
 aoqr yoar giaoa, than, aad at hia Ulb, whwh, 
 aa jra« afkarwarda wroU, ya oomauadad to bo 
 MblUbad aad rad hi your dioeaaa."— Olrypa, 
 Omamaf'a Mama a ia l a, Appaadix. 74. 
 
 In aao of Uahomiliaa oa aalfatlou, adopting 
 Aa thaoiy of tha >uaa aeheol upoa ikiih, tha 
 anhbUum tan^ that wa ara Jaatiftad by fUth 
 vitlwat tha wa^af tha tow, aad that sharity 
 ia a tnA of tha tow: •• Wa b* jnadAad by 
 ikhwithaBtaUipatfcaof lha towi eharilgr to 
 •tNdtaf tk* tow.''--«07Va'a Mamoatoto. 
 
 Oraamar, oa loaiag hto 
 friend at court, Charlaa Brandon, Duke of 
 Suffolk, the huabniid of tba dowager quean 
 of Franca, who had died a few yaara before, 
 found himaalf aapoead to fraah attaeka and 
 dangera. Tha Cathoika, depending on 
 Henry 'a vanity In wiahing to appear ortho. 
 doa, repwaeat>jd to bk mi^iaiy, thnt if hk 
 aaal waa aot auoaeaaful in mniiitaining tha 
 poaoa of tha Church of Bngland, ha bad no 
 •aa to btoma but tha primate, Cranroer, 
 wboaa aaampto and inAueaca wera tha 
 only anpport of baraay in tha atata.(k) " Let 
 Omamar bo Impiiaoaed ia tha Tower." aiid 
 thay. " aad tha taaror whkh hk nasM la- 
 apina haviag eoaaad to anat, tha truth 
 wiU triumph."(*) Bat tha king, faeUng 
 lacliaad to giva aaothar toaaon to tha 
 adTaraariaa of hto nrntropoUtan, aant for 
 him, rwraakd to him tha plot, and pointed 
 oat to him tha line of conduct that he 
 wiahed him to panue on thk oceaaion t 
 •« Yoa wiU obey, my Lord." aaid ha t« him 
 ^hotioaately, " tho aammoaa of tha eouaeUi 
 voa will appear hefara the Houi'^ of Larda 
 aad atoin tha prirUegee gr'^tad to your 
 digaity I yau wUl taatiA vk being ooafroatad 
 with yoar aaeuaan: -^oaatahmld 
 
 ba raftaaad, y^ c ■• ymw 
 
 maator, and if yaok <si* ba 
 
 aitonced, yoa wiU aik'' toyal 
 
 riBff<"(^ Omamar Araw tt^tha 
 
 moaaroh'a feat, kiaiad hk haau, kiad ptoa in g 
 tha ring oa hk Aager, aot oat for Lambath. 
 Loadoa waa la a atata of eomoMtioa, for 
 thr primata'a IhU waa pradietad. AU hk 
 frianda ware conoealed ; hk oraatoraa h^ 
 in tha baok ground, and even hto aarvaato 
 had already began t» apeak of quiUiag hto 
 aarriea. Thto waa tha eommancMMnt of 
 a drama like that parformad in Wobay'a 
 eaaa, bat tha flaato waa to ba 
 
 On tba followiag day tha arahbtohop 
 raeaivad a aammoaa to appoar bafota Itha 
 eooadl) ha aet ettt, aad waa aumpaltod, 
 bafbta baiag adm^ad lato tha eooadl 
 chamber, to wait aavaral hoara. coafoandad 
 ■moag tha Unrary aanraata. On appaaAng 
 beftm tho tribaaal, ho heard tho woad 
 
 s 
 
 Hume. 
 Burnet 
 fy Vos.— Btnaet— Stqrfo. 
 
lib 
 
 ShariM Brandon, Duka ot 
 «iid of tbt dowagar quaan 
 id diad afaw faara balora. 
 )oaad to fraah aMaeka and 
 CatiioUca, dapcndinn on 
 
 ariabing to a|>|Mar eriko- 
 la bia vMitmif, that If bU 
 leaaful in inninukninc iba 
 cb of Kniiland. ha bad no 
 il tba primaia, GrannMr, 
 
 and infloanca war* tba 
 iraayinth«auta.(k) "Lai 
 UoMd ia Um Towar." Mid 
 ■rror wkkh bia nana la- 
 naad te axiat, tba Irutb 
 I Bat tba king , faaling 
 I anothar Uaaon to tba 
 ia aatropoUtan, aant for 
 bim tba plot, and pointad 
 
 lina of conduct tbat ba 
 pwraua on tlua oceaaion t 
 ■J Lord." aaid bo to bim 
 10 attaamona of tba eoaaeili 
 lafora tba Hoiti'^ of Lorda 
 rirtlcfiaa gr'^tad to yow 
 1 iaaiat cu toaing oonfvimtad 
 m; - '•aqoaot ahonkl 
 
 .si* ba 
 viU oit ' foral 
 
 nar diraw . tM..tb« 
 
 iMad bia baau, twl pin rin g 
 ager, aat oat for Lunbotb. 
 a atata of eooiniotion, for 
 U wao pradietad. AU bia 
 oaalad t bia evanttiraa bap* 
 ind, and wn bia ■onmata 
 BO to apaak of quitting bia 
 raa tba eomnancMaant of 
 »t parfMOMdin Wobay'a 
 lalo wu la yba mmmkn 
 
 iriag day tiio aralibiabop 
 «■■ to appaar bafotaltha 
 oat, and waa awapallad, 
 Intttad iato tha eooadl 
 t aaratal hoaia. coafoondad 
 r aonraata. On appaartng 
 
 HMtr-M7f»> 
 
 itn Of awwRT vnt. 
 
 bwatic wblipovd on all aidaa i all tha 
 councillor*, with fMlinRi of imllqnation, 
 raproachad him with infiMlinif the country 
 with falaa doctrinaa. Cranniar iniiaiad on 
 being con/roatod witb bia aaoaaara. 'To 
 tha Tvww ! " erUd tht Judgaa, in ona voica. 
 " I appeal to hi* nM)aMy," aaU the prtmaU 
 "To Ih* Tower I" "My lorda," raplietl 
 tha primaU, during an intarral of atlanca, 
 "iinaa you take no notioa of ^y appMl to 
 tha royal name, bar* ia an object tbat will 
 aiplain to you hi* m^iaaty'a will." and 
 ■tratobing out bia hand, ha ahowed vhani 
 tba royal ring, at tha aigbt of which tha 
 indignatioa of tba paara waa auddaaly 
 appeaaed. Tbay catt down tbair ayaa in 
 •ilanca, roaa from tbair aaaU witb terror 
 and confaaion,^*) and repaired to tha kiag'a 
 palace, liaabling for fear of immadiata 
 puniahnant, and aadaarouring to inrant on 
 thair way ezprraaiona that might aarve to 
 dtaarm bia majaity'a wratb. "A pretty aat 
 of councUlora you ara," aaid tha king, on 
 perceiving tha p««rat "I imagined that 
 1 had in my aervica a niunber of wiea man, 
 and I And that Qod ba* given ma nothing 
 but fo<ila. By the Mother of Ood, my 
 lorda, if ever a king could be indebted to bia 
 •uliljoeta, I Bwaar to you tbat at thia moment 
 I ought to faal grateful to tba primate i 
 and obeerve bow yoa treat him, like aoma 
 aervant, by nuking bim wait at the door 
 among your Uvory ■arvanta 1 Would you. 
 
 (•) Fas'a 4eti aad 
 
 lUognyky. 
 
 Monamanta.— Britiab 
 
 my lofda. like to bo Iroatod in a •imliaf 
 
 The Duke of Norfolk approached tha 
 king, and aaiti, with a downcaal look, 
 " Mire, il waa not through malice, but 
 through frlesdthip for my Lord of Cantar- 
 bury, that we thought of aending him to 
 the Tower, ao aura were we that hi* graoe'a 
 innocence would appear manifeat b«foro 
 hi* Judgaa at the ilouae of Lorda."(«) " II 
 it ba ao. my lord of Norfolk," aaid tha 
 king, oonter.iptuoualy. "we deaira not to 
 ba numbered among your frianda.(') But 
 enough I tbia atete of thinga baa asiated 
 too long! make your peace witb my 
 primate." Cranoiar, who bad kept at a 
 diatanoa, now approached, and ofered bia 
 band, which each of the peera rMpectfiilly 
 kiaaad. A oulpiit, who bad aaticipatad 
 bia pardon, and aacurad bia impunity by 
 hla aarvile oomplaiaanee; peer* who turned 
 pale at the eight of a royal diamond } a 
 prince who ridiculed the naored forma of 
 Juatica > aach were the acenea of tbat 
 comedy that waa performed at Whitehall !(•) 
 
 (^) Have you not uaad him like a ilavo, by 
 abultlag klm out of tha council chum bar amuag 
 aarving man. Wcold ve be ao baudJad yatt(< 
 eeWaa f—Tytlcr. 
 
 (•) It waa our iruat that, after hi* trial, ha 
 mi^t be aet at libarty to hla paatMr koaour. 
 —Todd, qnoling OUptn. 
 
 («) Todd.~T7tler. 
 
 (•) Tytler makoa the foUowlnf reflection mi 
 thia «cene; — "But what opinion are we te 
 form of the (aafcal cliaractar of a nonareb 
 who waa thu* f«a>liar wiih the baae proatitu- 
 tlon of the law, and, when hi* own p***iona 
 were to ba gratiJM, not only permitted, but 
 
 itr" 
 
 OHAPTER XLVI. 
 
 KATHBBIMl PABB.->1544 AND FOLLOWIHO YBAB8. 
 
 Hereey ia Baglaad.— thexloa Impriaoned.— He retraeta. — Anne Ay*eoagh prtaebee agalnat iba 
 Real Plaeenee, ta Impriaoned, and alteiwaida burnt. — Oraamer'k eondoat.— Kathwtn* Pan 
 favoaia the Befcr—rav— Shr, i» daneun*ed te the Ung.'-Henry ieeoe* a warrant again** hi* wilb 
 The «Men eaaapaa pnaMbnant. 
 
 Thb impunity ttf Craamar, wboaa hetare* 
 doY opiniona ww* wall known, aronaad tha 
 bopoa id tba Balbrm a rat but tha king, 
 firmn hia palace •! Grcanwioh, kept bia aya 
 « tha imwnilMa and wm ptqwiad to 
 
 pnniab the leaat attempt on tba Angiioaa 
 oread witb the extreme penalty of the law. 
 At tba very time when tba weramantariana 
 imagined that tbia corporeal ma8a,aataa op 
 with nkan, waa aboot to daawnd into tha 
 
 ■''^ MM i M l f ^ t^th itm tm i m i t f-- 
 
UVB OV WWKWt TTIIi 
 
 .iv' 
 
 iMib, H Mil4««lf uom, ravttrad, m4 
 p»inud out to lU MUllttM tk* VHHimt 
 doomtd to Iha ataha. flhatton, who hail 
 r«al(na<i hia ••a of Mlahury, araa In prUoa 
 ftir kavinir UUKht lb«l ^aaiM Chrial WM 
 not praaani tn tha Ruohkriatt ikat Iba 
 Mcramanl of Iha aitaf w«a but a aMN 
 •ymbol, or, in hia word*, • maoMrtal of iha 
 bodf craoiAad for tba radamptton of imii.(*) 
 Tkka WM ona of tha oplnkona thai th« 
 btahop had dariTad from tha b=3k of ona 
 of I loaa aaetarUna whoaa mncnutM bad 
 bam ao eounaXj atteekad by L:tha*. 
 * Aaaaa that jr«u a»«." a.ad tha Baaon la 
 thadiadplaa ol Zukn|liua i " taka and raadi 
 "Thla ta mf body.' Do jnn undarataad r"(») 
 Bhaxtoa, having baan brou«ht bafora tha 
 trlbaaal, waa eoavietad of havln* danlad 
 thf Raal Praaanea. and aanUncad to aufftr 
 at tha ataka i but hia ooarano failad him. 
 and ha oonavntad to aaa tha Biabopa of 
 London and RochraUr and Dra. Robinaon 
 and Radmayn.C*) who viaitad hiaa In hia 
 priaon. diacuaaad tha point with hin, and 
 ■(Moaadad in parauading htm to ratraet 
 Bhaxtoa ahad abundant taaia, and acknow- 
 ladgad and abjurad hia arrora. Aa a f»> 
 warti for thk nnaipaetad ratom to tha 
 tnilh, which tha oomniaaionara ragardad 
 aa tha work of their aloqaanoa, Iha aaora* 
 manlariaa waa aat at hbartjr, and, inapirml 
 with Iha aaal of a naophyta, bagaato prMch 
 agalnat hia eo>raligioniaU. 
 
 Among hia former diaciplaa, waa a woman 
 named Ryme, who had Mi her huaband. 
 and nader bar maiden name of Anne Aya- 
 oovgb, had aaaonad apoatolie funetioBe. 
 Yoang, and eieeediagly beautiful, ahe at 
 fl«t aadueed by hor oharma thoee who heard 
 bar piaaeh, and afterwarda won them over 
 to her doctrinee by her perauaaiva alo- 
 qtienee. Bhe praaehed in the public aquarae, 
 and even ia the apartmento of aome of the 
 ladiM of Iha oonrtt and it waa aha who 
 aaerelly nippUed Katharine Parr with bcra- 
 tioal book*. Tha queen mat with tha»> 
 logical argomenle in theee booka thai 
 aomelimea exereiaed all Hanry'a dogmalM 
 a ^^j ll, and often ezoitad hia anger. Asne'e 
 
 (a) Grawley*a Conftilation of Bhaxton'e 
 Artielaa, 1&46. . . .u 
 
 ^^ AHdin'a Hialoiy «f h^Am. 
 
 ' (a) Tudd. 
 
 eo-mlaaionary waa Jana Bowrhar. 
 <'ranrn«r conii«tnit«d to tha ctaka aa in 
 Anabapitat unilar tha ralgn at Kd^ard 
 Vl.('). Anne waa impriaunad al Nawgata, 
 by onkrr of the council, but bar frianila 
 intarraned to obtain bar Ubaratton on bail, 
 and afUr a long oonraranae. the Biahop of 
 London OMda bar aign a pro^aaaion of faith 
 in which aba aaknowlaiigad that the body uf 
 Jaaua Cbrlat waa la the Eawharial alter Iba 
 eonaaeratioB. whether the celebrant ware 
 or ware not in aetata of graee. Onaigning 
 thia docuoaent, ahe added in a poatcripl, 
 that ahe beUeved la the Raal Preaeaea in 
 the purely evangelienl e«nee. The Itlehop 
 al Aral heeHaied to raeaire 'hie formulary 
 Ihna amended, but yielded at laal to the 
 aoUoiiatlone of the young woman'a frirnda, 
 and Anne waa releaaed from her prieon. 
 Bonner, It mual not be fergotion, had 
 Joined Qardlner'a perty, and waa atruggling 
 againjt the aaoendant and the opinione of 
 the Arehbiihup of CanUrhury. During 
 the whole period of hie aniagoniam to Iha 
 Holy Bee. the biehop waa rrgardad by hie 
 party aa a learned theologian, but now that 
 ha had deeetted the cauee of Cranmer, ba 
 was looked upon aa an ignorant Craalia. 
 
 Immediatoly after her raleaae tram New- 
 gate. Anne reeuroed her apoatolie labouri* 
 and waa again arreaied. At Greenwich, 
 where ahe aoon after had to appMtr beflera 
 the council, ahe continued her prvaehing 
 baftwa the aaaemhUd oiembna, who, 
 deepelring of being able to ovaroome her 
 obetiaacy. aent bar back to pfiM».(*) 
 At Newgate, being deprived of tha 
 power of preaching, aha oecnpUd her 
 time in compoeing controveraial tneta. 
 all OB tha eame aabjcct. She wrote ta 
 the king auUng. tkat with regard to the 
 Kuehariat. aba believed what Jaeue Chrid 
 bad a^d reapeetlng it, what the GalhoU* 
 Church bdiavad and tiadllton had alwayi 
 taught. Henry waa determined, if poaaiUa, 
 to eoBvart thia womaa i had tha alato of hia 
 health permitted it. be would prnbabty 
 have nroiMiaed to bar a Aatdogiaal aan- 
 InvarBy which Anne would ^oubtlaaa hava 
 neaapted. BhaxtoB nn da r tonk le Ml aa 
 
 ?i 
 
 Liagard. 
 Bunet. 
 
ru J«M lla«cli«r. 
 
 niM<l tn th« »imk» M •■ 
 •r th« raign of Kilwanl 
 M tmpriauiMd •! Ntwi^t*. 
 I council, but bar frWiMla 
 uin h«r Itbanulon on bail, 
 oaiir«r«a<M, lh« Htahop of 
 ir aifii • proifMaioa of faith 
 ino«U(i||«<l that iba body of 
 I la ika Eachariat after lb« 
 bathar tha calahraal wara 
 atoto of gntm, On aifiiinii 
 ■ha nddad in n poateript. 
 Ml in Um SMd Praaonea in 
 [tlUml tMiaa. Tb* bithop 
 
 to rao^tra *hla formulary 
 but jrialdMl at kat to tha 
 ha youiif wonan'a frivnda, 
 ralaaaad from bar priaoa. 
 It not ba fargotioo, had 
 a party, and waa atruf nHn^ 
 ndant and tha opiniona of 
 I of CuUrbury. Durinn 
 I of hka antagoninn to tha 
 iahop waa rrgardod by hia 
 id thaoloiiian, bat now that 
 tha fluiaa of Cranmar, ho 
 t aa an ifinovaat faaatio. 
 iflar bar ralaaaa from Naw> 
 iroad har apoatolie laboarit 
 arrsatad. At Grvcnwich, 
 after had to appear bafora 
 a contianad bar preaehlng 
 laamblad mambna, who, 
 line abla to ovaroogna har 
 t bar bach to pfiaoo.(*) 
 
 being; daprlved of tha 
 lebinit, aha oerapiad har 
 taing eoBtroraraial tneta, 
 M anbjcct. Sba wrota to 
 (. thai with r«((ard to tha 
 baliavad what Jaaua Chrial 
 etinn it, what tha Catholia 
 d aod tinditioa had alwaja 
 waa datttminad, if poaaibia, 
 womaas had tha alata of hia 
 •d it^ ba woaU probably 
 
 to kar a th a o l o gi aal aan- 
 Anna woiud {Jkntbtlaaa hara 
 ntoB na da r taak to act aa 
 
 l,fVB Of WMtna ▼lit. 
 
 itf 
 
 Si 
 
 LiBfBld. 
 
 Boiaal. 
 
 Raary'a aubatltttta. Ha vast to har, 
 •rmatl with lh« aatna argunianta by wbtch 
 Huniiar and llealh ha<l •ad<aviiiir*d to 
 Miivrl har i but ha waa avan laaa iucm**- 
 ftil, for tha priaonar amuld Karoaly liaun 
 to hiin. Whan ihay atparatad, aba ouraad 
 bira, applying to bun «hat Jaaua Chriat 
 Mid to Judaa, thut it would hava ba«n 
 batlar for him had ba n«var baan bom.(*) 
 
 Aa aha had oftan baan aaaa at aourt, tha 
 hing inquirMi which of (ha nobia ladiaa 
 protactad tha karaiir, and whathar it waa 
 trua, aa hail baan auartMl, that tha qiiaan 
 waa In eorrtapomknca with har. Tha Ijord 
 Chanoallor, Wrlotbaalay, waa commiaaionad 
 to aiamina Anna on tha auhjaet, and to 
 iniluoa har to giva up tha nainaa and aan> 
 tinnaiita of har abattura (*) Wriothaalay, 
 on aiiccaadlng Audlay in tha oAca of l<ord 
 Chanoallor, had baan racalrad with Joyoua 
 acelamationa. but on hia manifaating a 
 d«»ira of raconciliaiion with Rome, tha 
 IUft)rm parly bagan to look upon him aa 
 •n upaurt.C') It muat ba acknowladged 
 to tha eradit of Anna, who, by dtnouncing 
 har Morat banaflMitraaaaa would moat pro- 
 iNilily have obtainad bar panlon, that aha 
 obaanrad an inriolabia aacraoy with ragard 
 t4i thaaa nobla ladiwi, and r«fteaad to uttar 
 t lingla Word that could compmmiaa tlicm. 
 Iliia eircumaunoa will acrvo to aapUin tha 
 cauaa of tha taara that wara ahad by tha 
 Uuchaaa of Bafblk, tbo hiarohiunaaa of 
 Htafbrd, and KatUarlna Parr, at tha aufcr- 
 inga of thia young woman. All that 
 could Im aitortad from har in tha abapa of a 
 eonftaaion waa, that a lirery aanraot hadeoma 
 to Nawgata and giran har monay to aaabia 
 har to allaviau tha rigoora of har caiftirUy, 
 parhapa to parchaaa a Uttia whita brand, 
 to procnra haraalf a ebanga of bad»linen, or 
 • flrn to wat« bar firoaan handa, for tha 
 priiOBara wara erually trcatad in Hanry'a 
 priaoaat who ahall aayf parhapa aha may 
 
 (•) I »aid to him that it had baan good foe 
 Itini na«ar to hara baaa bom.— Todd. 
 
 fl'"- 
 
 Mirtamponiy wiltar thna daaeribaa 
 him:— 
 
 From Vila aalata of bam aad lew dagraat 
 By falaa dacait, by oraA and aublla waya, 
 or miadUaf moalii aad kay of amalty. 
 Waaeraftftillhich,bwBanpby varlooa ateyt. . 
 With iiaftil aya.ar ilaaniaf Uba a eat. 
 KlUlBg Inr a^ i^ai, ha th<M|^ fit to bit. 
 
 — Garaadiah. 
 
 bare amployad thia monay in purchaainf 
 a faw ah^aia <if pap«r. on whirb, whan con- 
 r«al*il from the «7« of tha liaulanant, aha 
 iiii||ht altampt to confound har anamiaa in 
 an imaginary eontaat Tbara wara many 
 other priaonara at that time oonnnad ia 
 Nawgata, and all for tha aama erima. 
 Mi>ma of tbem. afUr iha nampla of Hha«- 
 ton, racantad, but uthrra paraiaud in tbtir 
 obaiinacy, and wara brought bafora an 
 aeclaaiaatkal tribunal by Cranmar, who 
 aicominunicatad tbam aa incorrigible 
 haratica, and dalivarad tham up to tha 
 aacular power. Todd aaaarU that the 
 arehbiabop did not praaida on the day 
 whan theaa viotlma of the royal f^ry wara 
 oonilemnad Ui tha atahe i but it waa hia 
 duty to preaide over the acclraiaatioal 
 court, aad Cranmar would not hava van* 
 tutad to abaeat himaalf for fear of Incurring 
 the diapleaaure of hia aovcraiMn, who, 
 ihroU||h a miiacle wbub tiie arehbiabop 
 never thouglit o( diapuiing, waa coiiaidarad 
 by him aa ttie liriiig image of the Divinity. 
 The blood J Anne Ayaoough waa not beld 
 more preoiou» than that *if the Kboolmaater 
 Lambert, which be bad ao readily aacriHtied 
 to the fury of hie royal luaatsrC') 
 
 When, at a later period, Craomrr con- 
 demned Jane Boucher, the eunOdaat of 
 Anne Ayacough, for having malnUined 
 that Cbriat, as man, waa not born of tha 
 Blraaed Virgin, aa woman, whoee humaaity 
 bad been coooeived in aio, but of the 
 interior aubaiaoea which bad remained im- 
 maculate, tha unfortunau creature roea 
 from her aeat, and thua addreeaed the 
 arehbiabop i " A abort time ago, you ooih 
 domned Anne Ayacough to the atahe for a 
 pieoe of bread, and yet you now teaeh tha 
 very doctilne for whi^b abe waa burnt, and 
 now you are going to hava me burnt for a 
 little fleeh ; but I Ull you that you will 
 adopt my aentimenta when you come io 
 read the Soripturee and fully comprehend 
 them.";*) It oannot be denied that 
 
 («) See Chap. XXXVIII. of thU werk. 
 
 (a) LJno>d. - Haliam.— Oilpin, in hia "Llfb 
 of Cranmar," aaya, " that nuthing «ven piM* 
 atble can be adduued in defence of tha arch- 
 bialMMioBthia oecaaiua." " The young king." 
 aaya PkiUipe. in kia " Life of Cardima Pole." 
 abowed a reluotance to eigne the warrant for 
 tha eaeouUon of theie wretctaee. t«u Parica 
 

 ftirv or ■■■■« ftii. 
 
 \- 
 
 CVkAHMT «M pr*4tmi M Ik* ()nii<i«mn«iHHi 
 of Knnm AytftMnh. •n<l y«l, Mtryp* m««iU 
 thai h« WM iMt (ifMMil I ImI how »■■ »• 
 r«^r« th« taMlinoay of J*n« Huuckar^ 
 f>iiM th* n<rt (iifwnif •mma* iitm yrOuti* 
 of th« oi>n<i«tan*i>ua f 
 
 Ann* Ar*cuu||h wm CMtuid ui tha pUr« 
 •f aiwuiian In • abiktr, lior UmlM liavinf 
 bMn <IUIo««4mI, II la mWI. bjr lortura. 
 NiehoUa tkUnUn. a |iri«a*. John Adlani. a 
 taU«r. and Jotiii t..aaa«U, a ntntUmaB o( 
 tlM hMd-aliaiiibar, ail eomiiManad fur IIm 
 ■MM ariiaa, amwmiMniMl bar toilMateka. 
 WhUa Ika oOMra w«ra htadiiiff Iham, 
 Hhaitoa addra»a<Kl iba vtcUma, •ibitrttng 
 Iham to fotUiw hia aiaapla and ratraat i 
 iMrt Ibar rafiiaa«i to lia«aa to biaa. Ilia 
 aanaMM bolng eoncludad. Wri«HhfaUf 
 offbrad tb«ni a fmi pardon if Uiajr would 
 racant, bui iiainii fniUtt br tba |>r«|Mur». 
 tiosw of tha aaacution. tha Awnaa thai bad 
 alraadv commanoad to burn, atid that va«t 
 crowd that had a»a«mbUd to wtinaaa tbair 
 daatb, thajr rafuaad both th< pardon and 
 tb« rarwiU*io«.(«) Tbalr chtatiaanant 
 nHl bsva alanaad KathariM Parr, (or bar 
 Itfa waa In danffar, aiaoa aba had only 
 aaoapad tha ataka through tba diaoratiuaarj 
 •Uanoa of Anna Ayfcougb. Haary miiht 
 bara eallad h«r to accouat for boiding 
 Mcval eoufarf Boa with tba baralMa i for eir- 
 ettbuiag piohlbitad buoka ai-an witbln tha 
 witUa of Iba palaoa i for aaniiiDg paouniarf 
 MaUlMca to tba priaon«r at Nawgata, aad 
 tm tba ptotactioo wbicb aba had affordad 
 to tkoaa twlralaat apirita whoaa opinioM 
 ««ta eonaidarad aobnratira of tba uraad 
 wHKbliahad by tba alatuta of tba 8U Articlaa. 
 KallMiM aolad iapradancJy in nut eoo- 
 eialinf bar raligioM aaatlaanU i(^) bar 
 •townar wu an AagiiatlM fHar, niw ad 
 dovM-dak. nbo, la l»a9. had pabliabad aa 
 lagUah tawMlalioQ of tba Bibta, »bkb »aa 
 -I ,- •■ t 
 
 Mi Sookw, bat OraaaMr aoWad Ua aeraplaa 
 mU piarailad on him l« put hii haad <o k" 
 '< Not only." aaya Todd, " oonaonling to tbata 
 aeta of Mood, but avan parauading ika araraioa 
 of Iba yoaag king inio a coaipiiaaM, and ibua 
 lalbnaug Ui royal papil'a eoatclaiMM: Your 
 w^aaty ■«! dlalinguuk balweaa oooonaa 
 JaJMii aad aaab aa ara aaw nt ia l aitiolaa af 
 Buibi Umm hUlar wa wnat oa no 
 flbAr to ba opyoaad."— Lid of Oi 
 
 fa) Bniaat. — HnaM. 
 
 (b) Baiaat.— Tytlar — UoBM. 
 
 maraly a r«^o<iiKiion of Tyadal'a «aA»^ 
 lunala *«t«iun (lilirullf )li«||iila«d (*) Hha 
 aaapt^rad Nkabolta Udal lo traaalaia, with 
 a alight aliaralioa, tha paraphraaaa of tba 
 f oAfrwU by Krsvisua i ss^i aba *|i«at bar 
 own Uiaura h4iura In ri^mpiltug Into tha 
 furm of |iray«ra tba laapiratuina of a 
 diaaaa ad brata.(') 
 
 Tha king purauad bla oanal rouraa of 
 llfa, anting, dtiaking, and ilugin-iltaiag i 
 tha (iuia that waa nut •inpl>>y«il m Ihaolo. 
 giral atudiaa waa apant at tlia laijia, whtra 
 ho iadulgad witbotit raatfaiut hia glut- 
 tonuua appatita. Htuffad, yai navar aaiiatad, 
 ha almoat Invariably laft Iha laallra b<>ard 
 with oravinga of bungvr. <> hich ha an- 
 daavuttrad to appaaaa wiih dalicau vtaada, 
 prapaiad by a abilfal aooh. Ha bad aow 
 aloMMt loat tba abape of banaaityi aa 
 anormoua isaaa uf fla«h, a:!orn«i! ihrwugh 
 Aattary with iho naioa of mi^aty. and 
 drawn about tba apartmanl* of hia paUca 
 ia an arm chair. 'Fbrough Iba Juat judg* 
 maata of llaairon, bla Ungrra, wbicb bad 
 aignad ao many dratb warranta, bad ba- 
 conaa, almoat powarlaaai ibraa e<tiaiaia- 
 aiooara bad baon nouilnalod, two to atuap 
 tba pareboiaat with a dry InipraM of tba 
 king'a naaia. aad a third to ink uvar Iba 
 raliaf of tba iniproaaion.(*) From an uloar 
 ia hia laft ihigh, wbicb bad bafMad aU tba 
 akiil of tho naodlcal art, iharo ooaod • 
 nauaooua roattar, wbicb, liha Un^ markod 
 ita oouraa by laaring black atroaka afUr it. 
 LtCi bad taban rafuga ia tha haad i tha aya 
 praaarrad iu brightaaaa, and tba lipa tbair 
 ooatraotila powora. On thia bidaoua baing 
 Katbariaa Pair bettowad, with onebanged 
 and aBoaaaiag tcodaraaaa, all tba oaiaa of a 
 loviag aad raalgaad wifa. Oa bar kMoa 
 baforo Hanry, in the ovaBiag, aha woold 
 araah hia oloarad kg. aad elaaa Iha ' 
 
 ft) Naweaaaa'a Biblical traaalatioaa. 
 
 (<> Tka " Lanantelioaa of a SIhmt" at 
 Iba and of tha worha of Tboaua Mora, ara 
 (aid to hara baaa writtaa by Udal. "Prayan' 
 or Biadliationa wbaraia Iba mynd la Minad 
 patlanliy to mOar all aflktiona bara, lo aat at 
 Bouabl tba rain proaoarila of thia world, aad 
 
 allwaya to toaf'fbr tba arariaaiiBf tilialqr> 
 ooUaoioA oat or a oattaiaa holy worka ^ tba 
 aM>atraataoaaand|nMiioaap i < Bo aaa M a l ba ria i i > 
 Qnaaa of BagUad, Fraaao, aad Itohni"— 
 Priatod by Joba Wa>laad, \v 
 (•) k]riHr,XV..I<»,l(lt. 
 
ktituWf <li«||iilM«i (•) Hii« 
 
 IM UtUl lu IrMMlAW. Wttll 
 
 IB, tb« par«phrM«« ot lb* 
 
 ira tn rt^mpittnn Into ih* 
 
 • tb« la«pir«iiuM uf • 
 
 ) 
 
 vumI hk tunal roura* uf 
 
 alitng, and <lu||iiitlMin||| 
 
 • n<i4 •mplojrt'l m tlisulii- 
 I fiMiil U Ui« l«til«, whtra 
 Ibuul rMtrtiut hi* ||hit> 
 Htuffwi. /M n«v«r MU«iad. 
 «bl]r UA iha ImUv* kntutl 
 if huii(«r, « hicb b« an- 
 (MM* witb <ltUcM« vtMida, 
 lUNl Mok. Ha bad m« 
 
 •bapa of biimaaUxi aa 
 uf flaih, ailornci! thruugh 
 a naiiia of miyiaatjr. and 
 a aiMTtmaiiU of hU iialaca 
 Tbrough tbajual judf* 
 m, hU Aogrra, wbicb bad 
 
 dMtb wamnta, had ba- 
 •owarlaaai ibraa aooiiRia- 
 I noiulnatad, two lo ai^mp 
 ■ritb a dry kmpraaa uf tba 
 tl a third to bk uvar tba 
 •«aaioa.(*) From an uloar 
 wbicb bad bafMad aU tha 
 Kiical art, ihara ooaad • 
 t, which, lika Un^ markad 
 ving blftck atraaka after it. 
 afuga in tha haad i tha •y 
 Ightaaaa, and tha lipa thair 
 ra. On thia hidaoua balag 
 bettowad, witb onehangad 
 mde r aaa i , all tha ohm al a 
 IpMd wila. Oa bar kaaaa 
 n the avaBlof • aha wouM 
 I lag, aad elaaa tha ' 
 
 • Biblical 
 nenlatkMa of a Hlnnat" at' 
 irorha of Tkoaua Mora, ara 
 a wtitlan by Udal. "Prayan 
 rbarain tba mynd la aiinad 
 raUaflietionalMra, loaatat 
 proaparila td diia worUL aad 
 fbr tha arariaaiiBc Miatqr, 
 a oattaiaa holy worM by tba 
 IgiaoloM BiiMaaa ILaflhatiaat 
 al, Fraaaa, aad Itated.**— 
 Waylaad, t5<"^ 
 
 ttVfl Of 
 
 and aaraa «tlb<nil manifcattng tba aligbtaat 
 dt«gtMt, aadaaviMirtag to oaru|iy tba attaa* 
 tion of b«r rujral huaband by a<»fa« ih«<)lo* 
 Hieal liiMiiMittn, in which, uufttrtunalcl/, 
 ■h« wuultl •«m«tlin«« <lt«*nra« with hini. 
 
 lUnrjr'a i ^intual aulboritir, iika himtalf, 
 waa niplrfly dacltning f^um old aga aad 
 di«fa««, n»l only In domaalla eirolM, but 
 al«« at court. In tba l^rllamant, in tba 
 church, and in iba unlTcrtiiiaa and colUgaa. 
 Tha daya of that worldljr papnoy wara aum- 
 baradi tha craad which It hati taken ao 
 murh car* In Mtabjiahlng waa llkawlaa Mtan 
 up with ulcara. Ilanry had iinatfinad that 
 with bla harmw, bta blAeh. bia aia , and hia 
 iUka, ba could ancbain tha ooaarlanoaa of 
 hia aeoooipliaaa, aad thoaa conaelaacaa 
 jrtaldad oh«dl«nr« ao long aa a braatb of 
 lif« ramainol in tha royal iirmut, Itut now 
 that tha thaoorat waa conflnmt to hia chair, 
 tha fhrarunnar of hia tomb, thay bagan lo 
 ravult. 'Iltan waa manifaatad in England 
 that raaetiiinarf pbanomanon wbicb wa 
 bavr alraady noUcad. and which la avar pru- 
 duoad with fatal aaiformlty wharavar unity 
 ha* haan brokan. In England, aoeiaty, ao 
 calm undar tha papacy, liacama a pray to 
 InUnalnabIa diapataa. Tha high priaat 
 found, to hia graat diaappointmant, that iha 
 acapUaotM CatholiclMB wbioh ha had baan 
 endaavouring to aatabliah ha<i no longer 
 any ohanoa of Ufa. and waa about to pariah 
 lika avary othar production of tha human 
 brain. Haniy now bacaoM a pray t<i th»aa 
 faaiiagt of daap^ by whidi Lathar waa 
 loroMttad whaa about to eloaa hia mortal 
 earaart tha prophaMo word* of ftahar, of 
 Mora, aad tha CarthuaiaDa, wara now fal. 
 fUlod. Ha had hliaaalf carriad to ParU»- 
 manli la« IM haar Un for tha Uat tiwai 
 " It la Mm fhwl of tha ctargy," aald ba, 
 " if BagtMtd la a paajr to hrt iat i ai diawn- 
 aioiM. BoBBaadhaM to thair MMianlaMia^ 
 rimtu, aihara thiak of MtUag h«it tha now 
 mmftttmrnJ^ iMtaad of pnachlng tba 
 Word of God, tbay fpand thair tiwa In 
 raittaf agaiaal aaa aaothart uid tha laity. 
 
 (a) Aa aHwiaa la autda la tha tat to tha 
 Pmtar«at alaiy of a iriaat who ia calabraUag 
 Maaa wm fai tha habit of aayiag mmmpthum, 
 iiMiaad ()f ciamMiBtHa. On balag corraelad fur 
 lUa kaihMta^ tba yAm ia aald to bara ra- 
 ' 2 aa af tha old oharoh ( 1 laadk at 
 
 nil. 
 
 SMI 
 
 all iaaaratoM."— Aadraw'a Ulat of Qk BrU. 
 
 witnaaalnc thair dl«putca.amuaa ibaiuaalTaa 
 la aanaunng thdr hiahopa, their priaata, 
 and praachira. What ramady la th«ra for 
 llima diaordsra ) If jroii And thai any ima 
 I* |)r»aching ThIm itu< trina, cuma and da- 
 nuunca tha innovator to iha »auib«ra uf uor 
 council I «uma and dtnonnoa bim to ua— • 
 lo ua who bava racclvad from (lod authnrllf 
 to direct oonaoiencM i and take care jrou ilu 
 nut cnnelliuta younelv«e Judxea uf your 
 own fkntaatic upinlnne aad vain eyetama. 
 You hara baan permitted to read thaBorip* 
 tiiree In your mother lonnue. In order to 
 enlighten your faith, to form thai of youi 
 children, end not to die|iute and make tha 
 Bcrlpturee a tbama uf Inault and canaura 
 againat your pricate and preaehara. Oh I 
 my heart la troubled when I And that ihia 
 Word i>f Oo«l, thie preoimit Jewel, la dla< 
 cueaed and rhymed in bear-ehope and 
 tarerne.(^) Never waa charity at a lower 
 abb amungat youi never ware holy and 
 gcMlly morale leee prar ted i never waa God 
 hiiiiaaif mure negllgen ./ eerved.'V) 
 
 On hie return to Greenwich, tha theo- 
 Ionian waa deetioed to cipartenca further 
 diflcultiea. One day, when Gardiner waa 
 diaeueeing with the king, (we quote from 
 a Protaatant narrative.) (<*) the queen, who 
 waa preaent at the oonferanca, net only 
 contradicted certain nptniona of tha Biehop 
 of Wiacheatar, but even praaumad to ra< 
 command her hoabaad to ba mora modaratai 
 whereupon Henry could not euppraaf a 
 movement of dlaplaaeure which Kathariae 
 perceived. On her leaving the room, the 
 king turned to Oardlaar, aad aald ia an 
 angry tone, " You heard bar t Ibeae women 
 ara preauming to become clerkei what 
 think you of my being uught at my ega by 
 my wife V'{*) Gardiner, wHbout the leaat 
 diaaimulatioa, gladly availed hiouelf of tbia 
 opporttiaity of pr^udicing tha hiag'e niad 
 againat Katbcrina. He kuded Henry*! 
 anxiety to maintain ortbudoiy anwng bia 
 
 (k> I am verr aorry to bear that ptadoai 
 Jewel, the Word of Oud, ia dieputed, rhymed, 
 and jaiiRled In every tavern, fee.— MSB. 
 Thom«on. 
 
 (•) Hall.— Lingard. 
 
 (*) Tylier. 
 
 (e) A good hearing it ia. whan women 'be- 
 come aucE derka, and a thing much to ny 
 comfort, to come hi mine old agp to be taught 
 by my wife.— Id. 
 
889 
 
 LirB OF BKNRT Till. 
 
 ■uhjecta, mingling with hit applause, per- 
 fidious counielt calculated to work out 
 Katherine'a ruin; the more heavily the 
 the royal severity ehould fall on nubjecta 
 of an elevated rank, the more would he 
 merit from the Churcli ; the nearer those 
 were to him whom he should punish, so 
 much the more saluUry would be the 
 example on his people; the dearer the head 
 that should fall under the axe, so much the 
 more glorious would be the sacrifice in the 
 eyes of posterity.^) Let ua not forget, 
 however, that this is the re|)ort of the 
 bishop's enemies. Next came the Lord 
 Chancellor, who, on being in his turn oon- 
 sUlUd, sided with Gardiner in accusing the 
 queen of plotting against the religion of the 
 state.(b) 
 
 IrriUUd by these reports. Henry ordered 
 his ministers to draw up a bill of indiet> 
 ment against the queen. Wriothesley 
 obeyed, and soon after a warrant was 
 brought for the king to sign, for it would 
 have been a crime of high treason for the 
 Chancellor to Bus|)ect the queen's fidelity 
 had the king not been his accomplice. 
 Henry attached his seal to the warrant, 
 which by some unaccountable accident 
 escaped from the hands of Wriothesley, 
 and was picked up by a gentleman of the 
 royal household, who took it to the queen. 
 On seeing the royal seal, Katherine went 
 into an adjoining room, and fell into 
 hysterics, filling the whole palace with 
 her cries. Henry, wearied by her screams, 
 for he was no longer to be moved by tears, 
 first sent his physician Wendy, and after- 
 wards had himself carried to her room in 
 order to console her t but on retiring f^om 
 the apartment, he revealed to the physician 
 the cause of her excitement.(«) Wendy 
 was fortunately a man of intelligence and 
 feeling; and when the queen was alone, he 
 inquired into the nature of the plot, and 
 what waa of much greater importance, 
 found out the means of defeating it.(d) 
 In the evening, she went to see the king 
 Kcording to her usual custom, and was 
 
 (•) Hume.— TyUer. ,; „ , 
 
 (b) Burnet and the writers on the Reforma- 
 tion. 
 (•) Tytler.— Lmgard. 
 («) Tyiler. 
 
 received in a much more fHendly manner 
 than she had any reason to expect. Kenry 
 soon turned the conversation on religious 
 subjects, and appeared desirous of en- 
 gaging her in a theological discussion ; but 
 Katherine recollected the instruktions 
 which she had received from the physician, 
 and with great modesty and skill evaded 
 the subject, pleading that such subjects 
 were above the comprehension of a woman. 
 " Woman," said she, " siiould be subject 
 to man ; this law dates from the creation. 
 It is said that man was created after the 
 image of Ood, and woman after the image 
 of man. Now the image of man owes 
 homage and obedience to the image of 
 Ood. For my part, I am doubly bound by 
 this law, in the first place an a woman, and 
 aecondly, as the wife of a prince who is 
 capable of giving lessons to the wisest and 
 most learned theologians in the world." 
 " By St. Mary," said the king in astoniNh- 
 ment, " it is you. Doctor Kate, that might 
 teach instead of being tuught." 
 
 Katherine, with a truly feminine grace, 
 rejected the praises of her husband, and 
 added, that if she sometimes ventured to 
 dispute with his majesty, it was certainly 
 not that she was proud of her talent, for 
 she knew her incompetency, but merely to 
 amuse his highness, who in the heat of an 
 argument seemed to forget his sujBFf ringn ; 
 that a conversation, unless occasionally 
 enlivened by contradiction, necessarily 
 became uninteresting ; that she had often 
 haiarded objections for the mere pleasure 
 of hearing them answered, and that in 
 consequence of this innocent device, she 
 had often found herself at the termmation 
 of a dispute, which she had designedly 
 prolonged, much more enlightened than at 
 its commencement.^) " In that case," 
 said the king, " my sweet heart, we are 
 again reconciled ;"C) and he embraced 
 her in token of his unalterable affection. 
 Wriothesley waa unaware of this recon- 
 ciliation. On the following day, he was to 
 execute the royal warrant, and conduct the 
 queen to the Tower. It was a lovely day, 
 and Henry, seated in his arm chair, waa 
 
 (<) LinRHrd. — Hume. 
 
 (') And it M so, sweet heart, then we are 
 perfect iritinds again.- Tytler. 
 
I mora friendly manner 
 iMon to expeot. Heniy 
 mverution on raliKioui 
 eared desiroui of en- 
 >laf<ical diicustion ; but 
 !ted the initruttioni 
 ved from the physician, 
 desty and skill evaded 
 ing that such subjects 
 prehension of a woman. 
 he, "aliould be sulgect 
 lates from the creation. 
 
 was created after the 
 
 woman after the imaxe 
 t image of man owes 
 ence to the imaKS of 
 , I am doubly bound by 
 ; place an a woman, and 
 ife of a prince who is 
 gssons to the wisest and 
 loKiana in the world." 
 id the king in astonixh- 
 >octor Kate, that might 
 ing tuught." 
 
 a truly feminine grace, 
 a of her husband, and 
 
 sometimes ventured to 
 aajesty, it was certainly 
 proud of her talent, for 
 upetenoy, but merely tt 
 I, who in the heat of an 
 a forget hia suffe rings ; 
 in, uulesa occasionally 
 it^adiotion, necessarily 
 ig; that the bad often 
 18 for the mere pleasure 
 answerad, and that in 
 ia innocent device, ahe 
 rself at th« termination 
 ch she had designedly 
 aore enlightened than at 
 ;.(•) "In that caae," 
 my aweet heart, we ara 
 'O and he embraced 
 ia unalterable affection, 
 inaware of this recon- 
 following day, he was to 
 irarrant, and conduct the 
 r. It was a lovely day, 
 1 in his arm chair, was 
 
 ime. 
 
 sweet heart, then we are 
 
 i.-Tyiler. 
 
 Lira or HiNKT vni. 
 
 Uking an airing in the park. The quean 
 was by his sida endeavouring to amusa 
 him, when the Chancellor entered the 
 garden followed by a numerous guard. 
 The king ordered his chair to be moved a 
 few paces, and the monarch and his 
 roininter were soon face to face. The queen 
 remained at a short distance behind, and 
 heard Henry cry out to Wriothesley: 
 "Thou arrant knave and fool, begone."(») 
 
 The Chancellor went away, and Katha- 
 rine, rejoining her husband, cndeavourad 
 to appease him. " Poor Kale," said he. 
 "thou art not awnre what that man 
 
 (>) Knave, 
 
 Tytler. 
 
 anant knave, fool, beast.— 
 
 wanted her*. He wa* going to arreat 
 thse, my love, and Imprison thee in the 
 Tower, upon my word!" Katherlne, who 
 had thus almost miraculously escaped the 
 ataka or the block, was careful thence* 
 forward not to irritate Henry by the 
 alighteat contradiction. If the despot had 
 no longer the use of hla flngen, his toligue 
 uould still perform its functions, and a 
 single word or mute sign was sufficient to 
 point out the victim to the ministers of his 
 vengeance, who did not require a second 
 command.(i>) 
 
 (b) We have only the testimony of Protes- 
 tant writers respecting the conduct of Oardinar. 
 
 CHAPTER XLVII. 
 
 NORFOLK.— 1546.7 
 
 Tt,. Kin. «n Mm daath-bed —His anRtiish of mind.— The Howards and Ssymours.— Oonsplraey 
 
 fcU in London at his e«o«Uon.-Norfolk token to ths Towsr and wi^smn.d to d««h.-H* 
 ttumpu In vsin to exelte Henry's plty.-Ths King's death savss Norfolk l^om the scaffold. 
 
 That ulcerous diseaae with which Henry 
 had been ao long aflioted waa making 
 daily prognss. Struck by an Invisible 
 hand, the tynnt dared not look at hia 
 sores ; he turned away hia eye* when thej 
 were dreeaed, and forbade bia attendanta to 
 speak of th<sm. But what troubled him 
 still more than bia diaeaae, waa the ftiture 
 prospects of hia heir. Hia aon Edward 
 had not yet attained hia ninth yeari he 
 was wesik, delicate, and born of a mother 
 who is said to have been oonsumptive t who 
 would there be to watch over the safety of 
 the royal olipring? He had no nearer 
 relatione to whom he could confide the 
 education of hia beloved ehild than hia two 
 uncles,r Thomaa and Edward Seymour 1 
 one uf whom had attained the rank of a 
 knight, the other that of Eari of Hertford, 
 and had been appointed Lord Chamberlain. 
 Elevated from obscuri^ and despised at 
 court, where their low extraction waa no 
 
 aeoret. they both favoured the reformed 
 doctrines. Henry read in the Scriptura 1 
 " Woe to the land whoae king ia a child;" 
 and this paasage filled him with fear and 
 anxiety.C) He was particularly in dnad of 
 the ascendancy of the Howards over the 
 mind of the futura king; the Duke of 
 Norfolk and hia aon, the Earl of Sumy, 
 were like two phantoms that incessantly 
 haunted him; two enterprising men, who 
 might, during a turbulent minority, usurp 
 the plaoe of a child who had no protectora 
 but two imbecile undea. But now were 
 they to be removed i 
 
 A feeling of jealousy had existed for 
 aeveral yeara between the Howards and 
 the Seymours, those upstarta of recent 
 date, who, had it not been for the king'a 
 caprice in marrying Jane, would probably 
 never have risen fh>m their obaoorityi 
 
 (•) Lingard. 
 
m 
 
 LirS Of BBMUT Tilt. 
 
 but Jam had left bahind her an heir to 
 the throne of England, and that had aerved 
 to ennoble them. The aged Duke of 
 Norfolk waa probably the moit to be 
 dreaded by Henry of all the peers of the 
 realm, for he had rendered important 
 •ervioea to hie country. From the capture 
 of tfie celebrated Scotch pirate, Andrew 
 Barton, in 1511, until the auppreasion uf 
 the revolt known by the deaignation of the 
 Pilgrinuge of Grace, rot a year had paaaed 
 without hie reaping freah laurela. At 
 Floddcn, he had been found deciding 
 by akilful mmnoeurrea the victory of tha 
 Enghah anna over tha Scotch t and if he 
 bad nut alwaya been auoceaaftil in the ware 
 againat France, hia bravery in the defence 
 of hia country had alwaya been incon- 
 teaUble. Favoured by fortune, and 
 endowed with brilliant talenta, he had 
 arrived at the acm^ of power without 
 having eicited the jealousy of othera s a 
 few ateps alonr aeparated him from that 
 throne to which the old king foreaaw that 
 he might aooner or kter be elevated. Hia 
 wealth waa immenae; Henry had married 
 two of hia niecea in aucceaaion, and tha 
 Duke of Richmond, the king'a natural eon, 
 had been hia aon-in-law. Allied to the 
 crown through the Houae of Mowbray, from 
 which be waa descended, he waa married 
 to the daughter of the Duke uf Bucking- 
 bam, who waa a descendant of Edward 
 III. Both in EngUnd and in France, he 
 waa regarded aa the head of the Catholic 
 party, which, under the direction of ao 
 akilfiil a leader, might regain ita aaoen- 
 dancy in England. Thn old duke, proud 
 of hia deacent ao well aa of hia aervioea, 
 could not, without feelinga of jaalouay, 
 witnesa the exaltation of the Seymours 
 over the Howard* in the royal favour, 
 and, unfortunately, be was not aufiBoiently 
 akilled aa a courtier to conceal hia reeent- 
 ment.(*) Henry had also another crime 
 with which to reproach him— Norfolk 
 was the father of the Earl of Surrey. 
 
 Surrey was one of the most remarkable 
 noblemen at the English court ;(>>) an ez- 
 
 S(*) Hunie.-.-Lingaid.— Herbert— Speed. 
 ) The Earl of Surrey, whose name shines 
 so blight a lustre in the history of English 
 poetry.— Tytler. 
 
 eellent awordsman, adored by tha literati, 
 towards whom he behaved like a prince, 
 fearle«a and irreproRchable in fighting for 
 the defence of his country, a good com- 
 panion at the festive board, ever ready to 
 assist the companions of his pleasure and 
 hia friends, extreme in his hatred aa well aa 
 in hia love, and no lesa aparing of hia life 
 than of his purse, a brilliant poet, a nkilful 
 musician, and, according to Dr. Noit, a 
 faithful huaband.(*) It waa aaid at Green- 
 wich that he wu a cowardly aoldier, incec- 
 aantly jeered at by Marahal Bies, but this 
 was a twofold calumny. The Seymours 
 had never concealed their hatred of Surrey, 
 whom they repreaented every where u a 
 braggadocio, devoid of military talent*, 
 ainoe he had compromiaed by hia want of 
 akill, the honour of the Britiah army in the 
 siege of the miserable town of Muntreuil, 
 defended by only five half-starved men, un. 
 der an impotent marshal, and which he had 
 failed to take till after a siege of three 
 month*. Henry had unfortunately believed 
 these calumnious reports, and Surrey could 
 not conceal hia reeentment, but burst out 
 into threats of vengeance against the 
 Seymours and the ministers of the crown. 
 He had, moreover, btoome an object of 
 suspicion to Henry by having at one time 
 refused to marry the daughter of the Earl 
 of Hertford, and also to contract any other 
 marriage. Heury was now made to believe 
 that this nobleman, whose wife wu ill, 
 aspired to the hand of the Princess Mary, 
 a pintject which might deprive Edward of 
 the crown.(d) 
 
 Hertford, the brother of Jane Seymour, 
 as the uncle of the heir to the crown, was 
 anxious to obtain tbe regency, as much 
 through motives of ambition aa those of 
 avarice. A slave to both these paaaions, be 
 was prepared to risk every thing for the 
 attunment of hia end.(«) Being a man of 
 determination, he felt convinced that to 
 
 (•) The Edfaiburch Review, 1837, p. 401. 
 Dr. MoU has published the worka of Henry 
 Howard, Earl of Surrey, and Sir Thomss 
 Wyatt the elder. London, Longman ft Co. 
 1115. 
 
 («) Hume. 
 
 (•) A man of ambition, daring ia hia dc- 
 aigna, and little aolioitoua regarding the snaans. 
 hs employed.— TytUr. 
 
an, adond by tha litaniti. 
 he behavtd like a prince, 
 iproRchable in fli|bilng for 
 [lilt country, a ffood com- 
 eitive board, ever ready to 
 iniona of hie pleaaure and 
 line in hie hatred aa well aa 
 no leu aparing of hie life 
 B, a brilliant poet, a nkilful 
 according to Dr. Nott, a 
 l.(*) It waa aaid at Oraen- 
 I a cowardly aoldier, iacee- 
 by Marahal Bies. but thii 
 oalumny. The Seymoura 
 aled their hatred of Surrey, 
 reaented every where u a 
 svoid of military talent*, 
 ompromiaed by hia want of 
 r of the Britiah army in the 
 lerable town of Muntreuil, 
 ly five hitlf>Btarved men, un> 
 1 marahal, and which he had 
 till after a siege of three 
 ^ had unfortunately believed 
 la reporte, and Surrey could 
 I reeentment, but burst out 
 of vengeance againat the 
 the mtnistera of the crown. 
 »ver, bioone an object of 
 tenry by having at one time 
 7 the daughter of the Earl 
 id also to contract any other 
 iiry waa now made to believe 
 eman, whose wife waa ill, 
 hand of the Prinoeaa Mary, 
 h might deprive Edward of 
 
 e brother of Jane Seymour, 
 the heir to the crown, was 
 itain the regency, aa mnch 
 res of ambition aa thoae of 
 ve to both theae paaaiona, he 
 to risk every thing for the 
 hia end.(«) Being a man of 
 he felt convinced that to 
 
 nbvteii Review, IM7, p. 401. 
 published the worka of Henry 
 of Surrey, and Sir Thomu 
 er. London, Longman ft Co. 
 
 I ambition, daring in hia da- 
 aolioitoua regarding tha SDsans 
 TytUr. 
 
 UfB or HIMST Till. 
 
 heeitata in political matters, would antail 
 an irreparable loss, and aa be saw himaelf 
 tbreauned by his rival, he resolved to work 
 out hie ruin. Under the reign of Henry 
 VUI. it may be truly said that crimes are 
 to be attriliuted to thoae r/ho expeoied to 
 proUt by them; like oeruin herba, they 
 grow and ripen in the mud. Hertford, it 
 was said, waa led by men devoted to the 
 new doctrines. Both ha and the refurmere 
 were therefore interested in working out 
 the disgrace of the Howards; Hertford, 
 that he might be able to saiaa the reina 
 of government after tha king'a death i and 
 the reformara, that they might aacapa tha 
 penaltiea of tha Six Articlea.(*) Henry'a 
 death waa daily expected, and it waa there- 
 fore neceaaary to precipitate the diagrace of 
 the Howarda. Their enemiea loat not a 
 moment; they surrovndad their dying 
 master, and by dint of entreaty and intimi- 
 dation, eneoeaded in obtaining, much more 
 euily than they expected, an order for inati- 
 tuting an inquiry into the projeota of the 
 Earl of Surrey and hia fiather, the Duka of 
 Norfblk. A crowd of informora, aueh aa 
 wre invartaUy to be aaan at tha court of a 
 tyrant, lent tlmr aid to tha ttaiqaiaitorial 
 teal of the Saymonrat aoae for money, 
 othera in tha hope of promotion under tha 
 new reigiik but the mi^rity, through thair 
 envy and jealouay towarda the Howarda, or 
 thtongh tha mere plaaaura of working 
 evil.(t>) 
 
 Every thing that hatred Or maUce oould 
 invent waa made tiae of to alarm tha king 
 and ruin the Howards Sir Biiehaid 8onth« 
 well dedaMdi> Mbrt the Frivy Council, 
 upon bii' aoul and aonadaneo, that he had 
 some important ravelaiiom to make againat 
 {■array I Ina depoaMona have not been pre- 
 served, but acarcely had he letl the council 
 chamber ere tha poet Kennington urged 
 hit noble friend to praaant Mmaalf without 
 delay before dW PHVy Counldl. Surrey 
 at onoa aotad upon tha poct'a adviae, and 
 presented himaelf aa a man pavfeatlyuneon- 
 sduu* of any atain, either of aoul or body. 
 
 (•) Llngard. 
 
 (i>) The downlUI of Surrey wu entirely the 
 work of his ^alous enemies, and Henry had 
 little or no voice in the matter, oo account of 
 hia great- inflrmitiea —Nott 
 
 Ha indignantly rapelled the accusations of 
 hie enamiee, requeated to be confronted 
 with hia acouaera, and in case the council 
 should refuee him Justice, challenged 
 them to single combat, offering, aa a proof 
 of hia conAdenoe in Ood, to fight them in 
 hia shirt.(«) Norfolk at the very same time 
 arrived in London, waa aummoned befbra 
 the oouncil, and ukan to the Tower on tha 
 13th of Dec , 1546. Surrey, who waa not 
 aware of the arrest of hia aged parent, waa 
 impriaoned a few houra after, in a separata 
 dungeon. On tha following day, Norfolk'a 
 booaa waa aearohad, and the royal com. 
 miaaionara aeiaad hia plate, hU furniture, 
 hia Jewala. hia papera and hia money ; each 
 waa the law of that pariod. Whether tha 
 party accused were ooadaouMd or acquitted, 
 tha crown alwaya found aoma axousa for 
 retaining his property i aMi if aocuaadof 
 high treason, he waa never auffiMrad to 
 remain long iu priaon, for the atate bad 
 no intereat in prolonging tha life of a prW 
 eoner whom it waa bonnd toauppoft Tha 
 duka'a aervante, hia niatraaa, EUaabetb 
 HoUand, hia daughter, the Ducheaa of 
 Richmond, relict qf Henry'a natural eon, 
 war* all brought under an aacort to 
 London to ba examined before tha 
 «ouneil.(') 
 
 Then wu witnaeaad a acena, horrible to 
 iriato, and unheard of in tha history of 
 any nation, even among ^e paganai « 
 daughter bearing witnaaa againat hei 
 father, a eieter againat her brother, a mi*) 
 treae against her lovar. Tha Oiiehaea«af 
 Richmond, before tha image of Jaana 
 Christ cruoifiadi aoenaad her brother Lent 
 Surrey, of having apoken oontamptuouelf 
 of the Earl of Hartford, of having Ut»mn 
 duced into hie ooat of anna, tiM.nraioria) 
 bewinge of Edward the ConCMaor,(*) 
 Sir Edward Kaavat^ whc^ bad it B«t 
 bean fur Suiroy.: woukl have bad •U^Uv 
 property coniaoated^O «•>"• uoongith* 
 reat to depoaa againat hia banaCMt^ 
 whom ha aoeiaad of kaaping anon« hi» 
 
 (a) That he was ready to ranoaaca itt* 
 advantege of his armour, and to flg^ttham in 
 hia ahirt.— TyUer. 
 (d) Lingard. .. .i 
 
 <•) Tytler. .. ,' , 
 
 (O Mott'a Life of Bvntf. : '{^^) 
 
Un 0» RBIIRT VIII. 
 
 IM 
 
 ntdnm Mrtain ItonMM iwiMeud of being 
 ■piMlnthtMrvicaofKoBM. Pupa iwor* that 
 Sumy had visited Cardinal Pola in Italy i 
 another person that h« was oonspirinif 
 af^inst the independence of the country. 
 Surrey indignantly refuted thena charges { 
 if he bad quaitatad on bis esoutohettn the 
 anas of Edward the Confessor, he had 
 done so in accordance with the decision 
 of the king's heralds i(') bi* Italian re* 
 tainers were painters, of whose talcnto he 
 was a gnat patron tO>) he bad nsTsr visilsd 
 Cardinal Pole, and nther than see bis 
 eonntry fkll under a foreign yoke, he was 
 prepared to sbsd the last drop of his blood. 
 All theae fhota were admitted by the Jury 
 Msenbled at Qnildhall. for ao attempt 
 WM mad* to tnat the priaoner u a ple- 
 beian, and Sumy, fbund guitty of high 
 treasoo, waa ooadsmiied on the 19tb of 
 January. Six days after, bis head fell on 
 the soaibldtC) but in sUenoe and without 
 witneasee, or fhe general preparations of 
 an eKeeation,C) so that doabta were enter- 
 Mdned as to whether the order had been 
 aigned by the king.(*) 
 
 Although the inhabitfinu of London had 
 been fat fifteen years aeouatomed to theee 
 bloody seeaes. they could not rectr^n their 
 iMra on beholding that noble Surrey fUling 
 BBder the ue of the executioner in the 
 prima >f life. The women remembered his 
 bewity and his youth, the soldiars bia 
 eovrage, the Ittenti bia pootieal talents, 
 ntiata hia paa^n for paintings and statnss. 
 Nflver again, aaid they, would he eee that 
 jottm wUdi ho had biult at Norwich, the 
 •rat attempt at GredaD aiohitaetare in 
 BiRiaBd, a purely Italian dwelling, cmbeU 
 Uafaad by the pufila of PMro d'Udine, after 
 tta waikof the Vatiean. What waa now 
 t» become of Cburdiyard. the poet knreate, 
 whom be had taken into hia serrieai and 
 Adriw Jnniu. the grant phjsieian, whoee 
 Uirta be bad eo ganeroualy rewardad) 
 tha aymph Geraldina had now hMt bar 
 ki^ht mkI bard. Ha would aee her no 
 
 i 
 
 Rubs* 
 
 KettTs Lift of Soncy. 
 
 Liagaid.— Nott glTas the act of aoensa- 
 tkBagii>»tBarrey. 
 (<) HariMtt. 
 WTytlsr. 
 
 more with the msgie mirror of ComeHus 
 Agripps, lying carsletsly on a carpst of 
 flowsrt, and reciting the |)oet't vers«e.(') 
 How many beautlfbl aongs had he com< 
 meneed which death was now to Interrupt! 
 More than ons young maidsn repeaUd, 
 with tearful eyes, that sonnst in which 
 Surrey imitated and aurpassed his master. 
 Petrarch (•} 
 
 Thu innocsnce of the Duke of Norfolk 
 was. if possible, still more evident then 
 that of his unfurtunata son, and the str- 
 vtcee which he had rendered to bis king 
 even mora important. His wife, one nf 
 the highest ladies of the court, and hU 
 mbtrass, BUsabeth HoUand, denounced to 
 the council, the one her husband, the other 
 bar lover, relating all thoaaUttla inddsnu 
 and secrete with which they bad become 
 acquainted through their Intimacy with the 
 old duke, or which they had aoeidentally 
 diseovered. His great crime was that of 
 having said t " If the king should dis, who 
 butmysslfoonld undertake the guardian- 
 abip of heir to the throne > The king 
 la sickly, and hu not long to live t the 
 day ia eoning when this eoontry will 
 inevitablj become the piay of eerious 
 oontentions." »He waa further aocussd 
 of having laft one quwter of bia eeeut- 
 ehaon vacant, intending no doubt to in> 
 tioduee into it the arma of Edward the 
 Conhasor, which bia aneeatore had navw 
 borne. And aa if hia enemiee could not 
 beaatiafltdwitbimpiitlBfftotka old duke 
 orimaa of whkdi hthad navor tvea thought, 
 they attempted to eaat • stain on the con- 
 queror of Flodden by making of him a 
 pioeuier. who. after having married his 
 daughter to the Dnka of Biehmond. placed 
 her with the king aa • oononbliia or 
 
 (() Nott.—Bdinhurgb Review, ISie, p. aOO. 
 
 (I) Tk« MM MSM^ lhab<l«U> J hhMBM to* MSfi 
 
 WI*gMakMkda«nM hill, mmI •!»*•**> 
 TIM alMBldt wMk ftsAwt M« skt ilM*i 
 m «»«• to ter SMSi In* tM tee M^ 
 
 ITTIITTI--'- *-— ~-~~-— wltlMl 
 
 TIN tartlM* hiMf fcboM fcw* •■ *•»*« 
 Tkt kMh ki tiMk* his «la«W4Ml k* flsisi 
 
 Th* ««hM iMt wtei MW NH>r** •N'*i 
 Ths Mlw sO hw ilM^ sw^r ato MaiM 
 Ths swift swiUMr i^siMM* *■ Mm iMSIti 
 
 The hW7 bM hw hMMi MMT *• sriNM 
 WlaMt to »M *M was *• toMrS" teMi 
 
 Ab< *M I MS BMiag • III ilisNaU 
 
 tdlMSiyi 
 
nigle n'irror of ComcHai 
 rur«l(9tiljr on • wrpat of 
 liting th« po«t't verm.(') 
 iiUfUl MOgi h>d he com< 
 rath WM now to Interrupt! 
 joung maiden repeated, 
 II, that sonnet in which 
 and aurpaeaed hia maaUr, 
 
 • of tha Duke of Norfolk 
 !, ■till nore evident than 
 >rtunate eon, and the aer- 
 had rendered to hie king 
 ortant. Hia wife, one of 
 lea of tha court, and hia 
 ith Holland, deoounoed to 
 one bar huaband. the other 
 ig all thoaa little inddanu 
 li which they had become 
 iigh their intimacy with tha 
 bleb thejr had aceidentally 
 ia great crime waa that of 
 If the king should die, who 
 d undertake tha guardian- 
 
 the throned The king 
 bu not long to live > the 
 
 when thia eoontry will 
 >me tbe prty of eerioue 
 ,Ha waa fuitiiar aoeuaed 
 
 one quwter of hia aerat- 
 intanding no doubt to in- 
 i the tma of Bdwaid the 
 oh bla aneestoia bad never 
 a if bit enamiaa could not 
 i iapating to tka old duke 
 t ha bad navar tvan thought 
 to oaat • attin on tba con* 
 Iden by making of him » 
 , after baviag marriad hia 
 
 1 Dnka of Blehmond, plaoad 
 king M • oonenbiM or 
 
 dinbnri^ Review, 181S, p. BOO. 
 
 MB, «tatta«*ua hloMM to* Miai 
 I ki* iM Am hill. MMl elM *• niit 
 rdt wMk ftMkMi M« eke itM*. 
 to kw Mli IM* «M kw Mli I 
 OM, ftr efwy ifNV MV «riu|PI 
 Mh kmff bit oU kwl M *• pii*i 
 teMke kie «lalW'«eal IM flH»t 
 I iM wMk MW NHkreA •"••> 
 I kw ila^ aw^r •>» *>r i 
 
 Ltrt: or HKNBY Till. 
 
 887 
 
 • kw keaei MMT *• alN* i 
 WM AM WM Ike <■«««' taMi 
 
 «e Maeaf UMee fiNa 
 
 ,«Mafe.aMl|eiavi 
 
 eoniiesan. Buoh, however, waa the poettion 
 which the ducheea, anieagtied with the 
 Seymours, accused her father and her 
 bruther of assigning to her— the mistress 
 of a monarch eaten up with ulcers. The 
 kinR himself, whose hand waa already 
 almost benumbed with the cold of dtath, 
 took care to insert in the act of ixcusation 
 the depositions of the degenerate daughter 
 and slster.(*) 
 
 Norfolk imagined for a moment that a 
 soldier would listen to the voice of a soldier, 
 and wrote two letters to hit former com- 
 panion in arms, in which he said : " Qod 
 knows that in the whole oourae of my 
 long Ufa I have never been unfaithful either 
 to your majesty or to your family. What 
 have I done) I know no more than the 
 child that waa born laat night. My noble 
 sovereign, in oonsideraiiou of my paat 
 ■srvtcea, ba ao merciful aa to order my 
 ■couaera to ba confronted with me before 
 your majeaty, or, at leaat, if you refuae me 
 this fav«mr, let ua appear together before 
 the council "(<>) He waited in hia dungeott 
 for a reply to bia petition, hoping that the 
 king, whoea throne he bad eaved at Flod-. 
 den. would reward him by granting him 
 his life t but the king sent bim neither 
 letter nor meesage. Norfirfk wroM again, 
 entreating tba same favour, for he dared 
 not claim it aa an act of Justioe ( conscious 
 of his loyalty he wiehed to U confironted 
 with hie aecusara i but tha king persisted 
 in bia aileaoe.(*) The wuuninatioB waa 
 
 (s) The act of impesehment was written by 
 the Chancellor Wriothesley.— State Papwrs, 
 I., 891. The editor informs us that the or<d- 
 Bsl containa a few additiooe and corrections 
 inserted by the irambUna hand of the king. 
 He sdds : *' Of thsse (Aaigaa. which un- 
 doubtedly (brmed the sronnd-WDrk of the 
 hnpesohment, tha most singular is the follow- 
 ing, suggestMl probably to Uw king by the 
 jeslcusy of Hertford: " If a man, eomptMing 
 »Uk kimtV to gtmm tkt rwim, m> motuaify 
 go about le ntlt Ms Mag, and should, for that 
 purpose, advise hia daughter or sister to be- 
 come Ua harlot, ikMUng ttsrefty lo brimg it to 
 r>, «im( so would nU toM/sMsr oudoomat 
 tk* MM mriielo Soth man smMor : wAol 
 Mis isvotsa." If a man aav these words : 
 " If the king die, who should have the rule of 
 the prince but my fiuhsr or I, (Surrey), what 
 it importeth." The worda in Italioa ai« the 
 kinf'B. 
 
 (b) Herbert 
 
 (•} Burnet. 
 
 oommonoad, and tha members of tba 
 council allowed bim no repose. He wae 
 asked whether he had not writUn lettere to 
 certain individuals in cyphers i adilressed to 
 the Bishop of Hertford a letter which the 
 Bisliop of Diurham has since thrown into 
 the fire, and maintuinetl that the Pope bad 
 the power of annulling treatiea concluded 
 between two soverrigns.C') 
 
 One of the Seymoura, however, intro- 
 duced himself into the Tower, and feigaiog 
 an hypocritical pity for NorfoUt, advised 
 him to have recourse to the king's clemency, 
 by signing an acknowledgment of tba 
 crivnee attributed to him by hia enemke. 
 The captive, tarrifled at the idea of tha 
 acafold, eonaented to aign the oonfeaaion 
 required, in proaence of tba Lord Chan- 
 cellor} an act of weakneee which hia 
 great age may account for but not juatify. 
 The duke therefore acknowledged, in the 
 tarma that were diototed to him, that on 
 divera occaaiona he had eonl'led to persons 
 interested in knowing tbem the seorata of 
 the state I that he bad ODUoealad the fact 
 that the Earl of Surrey had adopted the arma 
 of Edward the Oonfeaaor wbioh the king 
 alone waa entitled to bear t that he himself, 
 ainoe tba death of hia fiither, had placed in 
 hia eecutcheon the arma of England with 
 three labela of ailver. which, by here- 
 ditary right, belonged exeluaivaly to Prince 
 Edarard; crimee of treaaon, according to 
 the laws of the kingdom, and of which be 
 acknowledged himaelf guilty and implored 
 pardon for thera.(*) Thie confession, far 
 (irom exciting the king'a commiaeraithm. 
 only aerved to |Mrucipitata the catastrophe 
 of Uie drama prepared by the Seymoura. 
 Norfblk'a rivda had already anticipated 
 tba diviaion of bia spoila among thmn. 
 To the Earl of Hartford waa allotted an 
 income of £846. iSe. 4d. from the land 
 renul of the victim i to Sir Tbomaa 
 Seymour, £300; to Sir William Herbaat, 
 £366. 13a. 4d.t to Sir Anthony Dennfy, 
 and to Lords Lisle, Saint John at Ruaaall, 
 £300 each \ to the Chancellor Wriothesley, 
 £100. Such waa the price of tha blooid 
 divided beforehand among tha anemiae of 
 the conqueror of Flodden; and hiatory 
 
 (<>) Burnet. 
 
 (e) Herbert.— Bapin da Thoyraa. 
 
 rat 
 
nlitM that thn ww rnm i B i n liii ri with 
 llMirnbartoftlMJadM-|MiiM.(») Norfolk. 
 flHh•rwt•.^ • , ♦••'ifciKl*^4«lh« cupidity 
 of hit Mr 'iMt U Bon probabU, 
 
 topufolwM ^uon. bajTRwl tlM kiiif to 
 Mltla on i>ri^^4 iSdwurd uu hit htin (b« 
 ■ptendM prapafty wUob bo poMwood in 
 Ibo TMnHy of London. Heorr aeoapUd 
 tba lagaej of ha Tictim, and pvomlaod to 
 conpanaato bla liTmritaa for my loaa 
 tbaj Biffht tharaby anaUln ; ionKinInK, do 
 donbt. Um« ba bad itiU langtb of daya 
 bafbr* bin. and naw vktinaa wbom ba 
 ■if bt daapoB^) 
 
 Deeaivad in tbafar aipaotationa, tb« Say. 
 ■cm «m ae nmch tba mora aottva in 
 iraridnff out Cm daatraelimi of Noifblk. 
 PbiUanant bad awiamblad, and tba Hooaa 
 •r Lotda, withonil annlning tba priaaaar, 
 widwal tba aamblanaa of a trW, mi i upoa 
 • OMN writlan MaJwriaB, paaaad affaini* 
 Mb nBiU «f AMntad«.(<) wUcb thay loat 
 ■e ««• b a«dim t* tba ConnMia. 
 Twa atf ^aaw paan of tit* rMlm Totad 
 fwUi daMh.(«> Ha«fa« Hrtvvd at thia Btaga 
 «« tba proeaadhHb PMtMtaat biatoriana 
 would fUn bnva «» balkrm thaft Oruatier, 
 BkbMffh ba had hwff bal«M^ to a 
 party Aat wMboatta to Natfclk. retbad 
 «i hii booaa' a> CrafloB. tlwk ba migbt 
 aoHMva any abas* ia tba miaiatat^ eondam* 
 MlleB.(*) But thla ia ft point wblefa wa 
 MUMl Motad* to thanu <br te jonmala 
 «f tba BoMo «f LacdaO abow diwrly. 
 
 MO te«ia M8S. 
 
 tff« Of ■IVRT Ttll. 
 
 Hm|m. 
 
 1-^ 
 
 m Tonrt.— Tba 
 lliat^ Ko^m . 
 
 C^ !j«<MtMl Houaa of 
 
 Larda. Stt. »B. 
 
 that inataad of abaantinf bimaalf. aa Baratt 
 aaaarta, th« arohbUhop occupied hia Mai 
 durinff tba tbraa rotdinRa of tha bill. 
 
 The bioK'a health waa vieibly on tha 
 daclina. Henry, fearful that the duke 
 ttlnht eaeape hioi, ordered tha CocnrnoiM 
 to acoelerata the reading uf the bill, under 
 pratanoa that NorAilk being inveated with 
 the dignity of Lord Marahal. it would be 
 nacaeaa^ to appoint another to fnlAl the 
 Ainotiona of that oflka at the approaching 
 coronation of Bdward.(() Tba Commoni 
 obeyed I and tba king baring given hii 
 aaaant to tba act of oonriction, an order 
 ma traaamittad to tba Ucutenanl of the 
 Towar to bara tba priaoner aaaeutad. On 
 tba following day every thing waa ready 
 far tba bloody aaeriAco i the priaet anm. 
 aaonad. tba ua abarpana^, the axaeationcr 
 aft bia poat, tba victiaa at hia prayara, when 
 it waa aanoanoad at the Tawav Aat the 
 kfaiff bad Joat braatbad Ua hwt.<--Noffolk 
 
 What a firigbtfU hiatory ia that of Heniy 
 VIIL, in wUeb tba raader ia obligod to be 
 eondmaDy on bia guard leat bo abcuM 
 abad a taw over thoaa abominaUa riotioik 
 who, Uka OrooawaU aoBBrod, it ia traa, 
 eoBtnury to all bum* lawa, but wbo had 
 navartbalaaa tnaagreaaad avery Divine pre. 
 eapli laat ba aboold bo iaduoad to aynpa. 
 Ihiaa witb a nan wbon a niraela aaanu ta 
 bava reaeoad fimn tb» aangidnary rage of 
 tba Piinc«» wbaB dia* nan. Hko Norfdik. 
 bad dMMm biawalf a baarthaa parent, a 
 pitilau jndga of miafortana and often of 
 buoomea. 
 
 «7, im.-Oranaier. it rapear^ ^„pn*^ 
 in tha Honaa of Lorda whan tha BtUof Al> 
 tainder panad tkral^ ik'^-Todd. 
 (e)lhiar 
 
■bMntiaff himwif. m Bamtl 
 fohbUhop eeeapied hit Mai 
 M reiftdinRa of th« bill. 
 
 hMlth wu visibly on th* 
 stf, fcarfsl that lh« duka 
 
 hicQ, ordarad tha CocnnioiM 
 ha raading of Iha bill, under 
 Norfolk baing inveatod with 
 ' Lord Marahal. it would ba 
 appoint another to fnlfll tha 
 bat oflka at tha approaching 
 
 Bdward.(() Tha Commoni 
 tha king haTing given hit 
 
 act of oonvietion, an order 
 tad to the Uentenant of tha 
 I tha priaoner ataeotad. On 
 
 day avary thing waa ready 
 Ij awriflcai the priaat anm* 
 !• abarpana-*, tha axacntionef 
 la Tietiaa at hit fniftm, whan 
 inoad at tba Tawar that the 
 t braatlMd Ua laat.<~Novfolk 
 
 ihtAil hiatory la tha* of Hauy 
 ieh tba reader ia oblif|«d to be 
 « hia goard leat ba ahonM 
 rer thoaa abominabk riotimtk 
 romwell aidhfad, it ia tiva, 
 ill hna»» kwa, but wbo had 
 tw a egreaaad avwy DirtBa pn. 
 
 aboold ba iaduoad to aynpa. 
 nan whom a aairaela aatou ta 
 
 fjmn th* aangidiMry rage of 
 rlM that mm, Hko Norfdik. 
 hinaalf a haMllaao puoat, a 
 a of miafortana and often nf 
 
 of Loida tSaTuta BUl'of At- 
 I tkrangh iL'^-Todd. 
 
 UW% Ot HCIMII VIU. 
 
 CHAPTER XLVIII. 
 
 DEATH OF HENRY VIII.-1B47. 
 
 Htarymakea kit Will.— DlipoalUont of the Monarch.— Aeeount of hit latt montntt.— Kdwaid 
 VI. forbidi any kind o/ mooming for hit Ftlhtr.— The Kini*! body txpoitd «t 8ion Hoaee ta4 
 inurrad tl Windtur.— A gltnet tt tht Montreh't rtlgn.— Tba PtrlianMnt'-Tbe Stfonntiioa ta 
 Inglaad. 
 
 On tha Sdtb of Deeoabar, 1S4A, Haary. 
 during ooa of tba few intarrala of lopoaa 
 that ha esparienead. ordered hia will to ba 
 brought to him. lit had originally been 
 drawn op under the ayee of tha ChaneeUor, 
 bat Henry wanted to nake toma alterationa. 
 Aroand hia bad atood tha Earl of Heitlofd 
 and 9Skj witneeeaa. Tha king took tho 
 parehnant and anaad the nanaa of eavaral 
 CaihoUea whom ba had at flrat aeleotad 
 at hia taatamentary ezacotoca. OardiMr. 
 aaid ba, waa a partarbator;(*) the Doha of 
 Norfdk a t itort Thirlby, Biahop of 
 Weetminattr, » diaripU of tha BUhop of 
 Winoheoier.(^) Ho eonflraaod tha diBpo< 
 tition aada by ParltaaeBt laannff tha 
 crown to Friaoo Bdwardt in cnaa of hia 
 ton'a death, it waa to daaaand to tha 
 Prineaaa llwry.tad framhat to the Priaaaaa 
 EUaabetb. Hia two dmghliwa oouhl not, 
 nndar pain of forfeitiag thmr right to tha 
 crown, marry witboot tha ooaaant of the 
 Council of Bwgaacy whom ho nominated. 
 Thia conaeil wa« oompooed of tixteao 
 nobleman, fia. of whom won peara or 
 bithopai Cnuuaor, AnhUahop of Cantaiw 
 bury I ^Triothaaley, tho Lord Chaocellori 
 Lord St. John, tho Qnad llMtert the 
 Earl of Hartford, Lord OuBbarlain, aad 
 uncle to tha young kingi Lord Rutaell, 
 Keeper of tho Privy Seal ; Vtecount Liele, 
 Lord High Admiral} TonataU, Bithop ol 
 Durham I Sir Anthony Brown, Matter of 
 the Horoei Sir Edward Montagu^ Chief 
 
 (•) Buiaet 
 
 (k) Fos'aAoti^fke. 
 
 Juatiea of the Common Ploaai Mr. Brom- 
 ley, the Judge t Sir Edward Noctb, Chan- 
 cellor at tha Court of Augmentation i Sir 
 WtUiam Paget. Chief Secretary.; Sir 
 Anthony Denny and Sir William Herbert, 
 Firtt Gentlemen of the Bedchamber i Sir 
 Edward Wotton. Traaaurar of CaUia, and 
 Dr. Wotton. Dean of Canterbury and York. 
 They ware almoat all advoeatoa of tho new 
 doctrinea. In one of the elaoaee of hia will, 
 the king ordained that a certain number of 
 Maaaae thould be ofered up for the deiivww 
 anee uf hia aoul ftrom purgatory, although 
 he had deetroyed all foundationa of a aimilar 
 aatura inatituted by hia aneeetort. and had 
 even left the belief in purgatory a doubtfU 
 matter in the formuUiy of UkUtx whidi hi) 
 publithad in the latter pan of hia raign.(*) 
 The pbyaiQiaaa, pereeiving that tha fatal 
 criaia «raa at hand, fait anxioua that ooaw 
 friand\y voiee ahoold whiaper into tha 
 king's ear that hia laat hour waa approa«h< 
 ing { bat no one dared undertake ao dan. 
 geroua a miaeion, for all peraona wfr« 
 aware tiiat there wa« an act of Pariiamanl 
 whieh condemned to the Uoek aqy one who 
 ahoold predict Uie king'a daatlkO In^i^ 
 paroxyam of fever, Henry migbt raiae him* 
 aelf up on hia aaat, and point out to the 
 aberilf with hia finger, the anrvant, who 
 ahould have been bold enough to warn tiia 
 of hia approaching end.(*) The 
 
 (■) Home.— Lk^ard. 
 (di Bapin de Tkoyvta. 
 (•) The hope of human help waa 
 Oodwia't Annala. 
 
8f0 
 
 Liin Of nnm uu. 
 
 1 
 
 ij'xng monweh'i room wm dMtrttd and 
 •U«nl. At Ungth, Mir Anthonj Dcnnjr, ItM 
 ooartrdi/, or morn r«ligiou« tli«n th« othtr 
 Murtitri, appritkched ih« kin^, and with a 
 iailariiig but InuUtnibla voioa, Inrnrmad 
 hia majaatr that all human hope waa at an 
 and, and that h« bad battar (urn hia 
 thouf bu towarda bia talvaiiun. lift up hia 
 •yaa to baaran, and tmplora tha Divine 
 marejr. Tba kinK Itstanad to bia Anal 
 doom with graat rtaiffnaiion, appaarad to 
 rtpant of bia faulta towards hia Creator, 
 protaatad bj nuta aigna and inartioulata 
 word* bia hopa in tha goodnaaa of Ood, 
 Md murmurad tha nama of Anna Bolayn. 
 Danny aaked him If ba wiabad to aaa a 
 prieat. " Yaa," replied llanryi "tha 
 Archbiahop Cranmart(*) but nut yali I 
 want to alaap a littla." Aftar alaaplng I'or 
 ■a hour, ba awoka, and faaling tba ahivar- 
 inga of daath, ha daaired tbam to aand in 
 aU baata for Cranmer. who waa than at 
 OroydoB. The primate, on !ila arriral, 
 fomd tha king apaaohlaaai but ba had atiU 
 anfleient atrength to raiaa hia band, which 
 ha oftrad to the archbiahop. Cmomar 
 tntreated bim to ahnw by aoma rlaibla 
 aign that ba died in tha Chriatiaa faith i 
 tba Angara of tba dying man contraotad, 
 and ha expired. Ha waa in hia Afty-aizth 
 year, and had reigned nearly tbirty-aight j 
 hie death took place on Friday, the 9Bth of 
 of Janaai7, 1547. at two o'clock in tha 
 moming.(^) 
 
 Such ia tba hiatory of Henry'e laat 
 momenta, aa rebttad by an Hiiatorian whoaa 
 veracity baa Barer been called in queetion. 
 AeoordiBff to tba Anglican Biabop Godwin, 
 the king reftiaad the laat oonaolationa of 
 laliglon until bia tongue oould no longer 
 giT« utterance to the anawera to the arch. 
 Usbop'a queationa. Should any of our 
 readara feel aatoniahed at a tyrant like Henry 
 dying eo calmly, we would, in the language 
 of Boaauel tdl them, that they are not 
 acqualBtad with all the waya of Ood. and 
 that they do not aufficiently reflect on tba 
 mwtal aupineneaa and falia peace in 
 vfaieh He aometimea leavea hia graataat 
 
 (•) With no other but the Archbiahop 
 Cnuuner, and not with Um yet ; I will flrat 
 lepoee myaolf a little.— Todd.— Burnet 
 
 X^Hlball.. IS7. 
 
 enemiee.(*) Obaerre what flaiindera ra> 
 lalea I "At tha appniach of death, llmry 
 onoa mora thouifht of a reconciliation wiih 
 tha Church, and here we may remark tha 
 satrerity which tha Ktaroal aaereiaea toward* 
 thoae who wilfully and premcditatediy 
 offand biro, or who have loet all oonscioui- 
 neaa of orimi>. The crupltice whinh ha had 
 practiaed on hia autijerta prevented any ut 
 hia courtiere from tailing him the truth. 
 One of the biabope whom ha oonaulteii, 
 fairing that he might be led into some 
 snare, replied that bis miijeaty'a wisdom 
 waa tha admiration of the whole world i 
 that be bad been induced to throw off the 
 yoke of Rome through Divine inspiration i 
 that bia consoianoe might be perfectly at 
 ease, ainoe Parliament and tha la«a of the 
 country bad autboriaed the schism." Gar- 
 diner, however, on being oonaulted, advieed 
 him to aaaemble bia Parliament and com- 
 municate to ita mambere this project of a 
 raoonciliation I obaerving, that if death 
 abould out him off before be bad completed 
 this great work, God, who ia the Seercbcr 
 of hearte, would give him the merit if so 
 pbua an intention, if any inaurmounubla 
 obstacle ebould prevent ita accompUshment. 
 Saundere adda, that after the bishop's 
 departure, the courtiers, who were trem- 
 bling in anUeipation of the loea of their 
 eocleaiaatioa) apoila, the reward of their 
 aervility to the king, and of which they 
 muat have been deprived bad the kingdom 
 been reconciled with Rome, perauaded 
 Henry Bot to allow bimeelf to be alamed 
 at ao vain a scruple.(') 
 
 Harpafleld. aa well aa Saundere, men- 
 tione the deaire which the dying monarch 
 evinced to be reconciled with the Church 
 of Rome which be had so cruelly |terse- 
 cuted, and Gardiner refers ti> it in a ^e^• 
 mon. preached by him in London.(*) But 
 Boeauet says, with reason ; " Although it 
 may be true that Henry oonaulted his 
 biabope on thia anhjirat. what could be 
 expected ttom a man who had placed the 
 Churob and truth itaelf under the yoke? 
 However deairoue Henry may have felt on 
 thia oeoaaion of receiving .aincere advice. 
 
 (•) Boesuat Hiat. dea Variations, 
 (d) Saunders, da BoUsmate Anglia. 
 (a) La Grand. 
 
1 
 
 Obiarra what Saiinden n- 
 ha appriisch of dMih, llrnry 
 tanht of a reconciliation wiih 
 nd linra wt may rainark Iha 
 I tha Ktaroal eiaroiafatowardi 
 riifuUjr and pramaditatadiy 
 ■ who hava loat all oonaoioui- 
 Tha crufltita which ha had 
 lia aulij«cta preveutad any u( 
 (Void talliiiK him tha truth. 
 »iaho|)a whom ha oonaultad, 
 ha might b« led into aoma 
 
 that hia miijeity'* witdom 
 ntlion of tha whola world; 
 •an induead to throw ott the 
 I through Divina inapiration i 
 oianoa might ba perfectly at 
 rliamant and tha lawe of the 
 iithoriaad tha achiam." Uar- 
 T, on baing oonaultad, adviaed 
 ^la hia Parliament and oora- 
 ta membara thia project of a 
 I obaerving, that if death 
 I off bafora he had completed 
 ■k. God. who ia tha Saarcbcr 
 lid give him tha marit if to 
 Ation, if any inaormnuntabia 
 d prevent ite accompUahment. 
 la, that after tha biahop'a 
 I courticra, who ware trem- 
 ripation of the loaa of their 
 apoila, tha reward of their 
 M king, and of which they 
 m daprived had the kingdom 
 ad with Rome, (lerauaded 
 
 •llow himaelf to bo alamed 
 niple.(*) 
 
 M well aa Sanndera, men- 
 re which the dying monarch 
 reconciled with the Church 
 sh he had ao cruelly |icrie- 
 ardiner refera to it in a mt- 
 I by him in London.(*) But 
 
 with reason ; " Although it 
 
 that Henry oonaulted hit 
 lia anhjiHst, what could be 
 I a man who had placed the 
 rath itaelf under the yoke? 
 roue Henry may hava felt on 
 
 of raeaiving ^neera advice, 
 
 Hiat. d<M VariaUona. 
 a, da BoUamate Angiia. 
 d. 
 
 LiM Vf NRMRV VIII. 
 
 ha conM not reetora to tha blahopa that 
 liberty of which hit orueltv had previoutly 
 deprived them i th«iy were overawed by the 
 dread of tha return of thoaa flU of anger 
 to which tha king wat aubjeot j and he who 
 had refuted to lltlen to the truth hnm 
 Thomiu More, hit Chancellor, and to that 
 of the holy Bithop of Rochetter, both of 
 whom he put to dtath for having eiprettad 
 their opiniont i-andidly. cerUinly deterved 
 never again to hear it."(*) 
 
 The king'* death waa kept accret for 
 irvcral dayt. Tha Earl of Hertford had 
 lott no time in securing the peraon of hia 
 young ward at Eiifleld i the Seymoura had 
 taken every necettary precaution to inture 
 their future aggrandisement. On the 3 let 
 of January, tha Chancellor cama to Parlia- 
 ment to announce tha death of Henry 
 VIU . and on the tame day Edward was 
 conducted to the Tower and proclaimed 
 under the title of Edward VI., King of 
 England. Prance and IrcUnd, Defender 
 of the Paith, and Supreme Head of the 
 Church of England and Ireland.(k) By tha 
 orden of tha newly proclaimed monarch, 
 the teara which the people might ha " shed- 
 ding for tha death of hia wall-baloved 
 father" war* to oeaaa, and the prayera that 
 were being offered up in the ehurohct for 
 the repoao of hie aoul were thanoaforward 
 to ba diacontinuod i for, wrote Edward 
 to the qaaen dowager, Katharine Parr; 
 "Though natnra oommaads tu to sorrow, 
 the Scripture and pmdenee require that we 
 should moderate oar grief, otherwiee wa 
 thould appear not to hava fUth in tha 
 reiurreotion of the dead. Henry ia aavad ; 
 a prinoa who led ao holy a life, who go- 
 verned hia people with anoh jottice, so 
 pious a king as my father is sar« of going 
 straight to beaven.''(«) "Not" wroU ha 
 to hia aiater llisabath, "let ns ahed no 
 more taara for oar dear fhther who ia now 
 in heaven i let ua ooaae to lamant for a 
 death which fbr our fadier hat been a 
 change flrom a lifis of miaery to a state of 
 eternal raetj those who continue to give 
 way to tha omotiona of nature are unworthy 
 of tha naoM of Chnatiana."(<'} 
 
 ft) Hist, dea VariaUont. 
 
 (I>) Linftrd. 
 
 (•) HtS. Harl.. M»1, XXXIV. 
 
 {*) lb., XXXVI. 
 
 Mary, the daughter of Katharine of Arra- 
 gon, bawailtd tha death of a father who had 
 eauttd her to tulfer the d«a|i««t affliction. 
 Edward thua oanaured her Altai grief s " It 
 ie an error of nature, aaid he, we have not 
 loat our father t he who lived with Uod ie 
 now enjoying the repoae of everlaating hap- 
 pineeei to continue to mourn for him, would 
 be to ofltnd that Uod whoaa will hat been 
 accompliahed."(*) Could Edward before 
 writing thus, under the direotion of Craa- 
 mer, hit Metropolitan, or Cos, hit Latin 
 tuuir, have mingled amocg the crowd a«- 
 aemblcd around Whiuhall. hung round 
 with blaok, and where the monaroh'e re- 
 maina were repocing. he would have wit- 
 neeted none of thoee tears the ellUaion of 
 which he appeared ao aniious to restrain. 
 The death of the tyrant, afur auch cruel 
 eufferinga waa regarded by the whole 
 niuion both aa a puniahment and a many 
 of Piovidence.(0 In Pagan Rome, offer- 
 ings would havs been tut|>ended on the 
 eUtuta of the god of deliveranco.(f) 
 
 On the 14lh of February, IW, the body 
 of Henry waa depoaited at Sion House, oa 
 tha road to Windsor, with all the pomp 
 imaginable t tha car in which it waa con- 
 veyed proceeded at a alow funereal pace. 
 Sion House hsd formerly been a oonvont, 
 which had experienced the aame fate a« 
 mott of the other religioua lioutes t it had 
 been deapoilcd of all iU riches, and ita 
 (teaceable occupante driven into exile. U 
 wae in a half-ruined chapi >of thia deterted 
 convent that Henry'a body waa deetincd to 
 paaa the night On the following morning, 
 when the fiineral eortiga reaonod iU 
 meUncholy route, a few dropa ol blood, 
 floating in a viscious liquid, were perceived 
 upon the flaga, and were licked away by a 
 dog K**) thua fulfilling, aa aom« of the 
 
 (t) MS8. HarU, XXW. 
 
 (r ) By tbouaands uf tut tutjeoti hia death 
 most have been oonsideved aa a meroiAil 
 releaae for tbemtelvea. 
 
 (f) EllU't Lettert, If., 141. 
 
 (b) Burnet. Thit rircumstanoe related by 
 Burnet is taken from a US. narrative of the 
 divorce of Henry V II, The author heard 
 it from Sir WiUiam CreviUe, an eye-wimets. 
 "The king being carried ^o Windsor to be buried, 
 Btuod ail night among the brdien walla or 
 Sion, and ihvre the Imulen cl?«tl, where th« 
 hodv wan. Wing ilfft by Uits tthitking ol lUu 
 wsgoii, the pavement of (he church was wetled. 
 
Un Of VBHtT TIM. 
 
 monli P»)rlo«i, who, •i1>lrM«tn|| bimalf (o 
 tirary had M4d ; "Tha «k>||* tviil oM day 
 Ikk Um LUmmJ or tb« mw A«h»b." On 
 Hm folk»wing <l«]r iIm m i'HT' •■'•Ma 
 WkidMr. Ilmry b»d b«qii«MbMi tn 91. 
 Uaorga't CIm|mI, <l«pratiiiai on tb« CmiU< 
 ■••riy CS.OOO par aniiuin, •• wtU fur tba 
 ■MMnlanaaca of two priaau wha wara daily 
 to «fbr up Iba ■■eriflco uf tba Maaa on bit 
 toab. u for four anniul obila for tba 
 npoaa of hia aoul. K<Kb(y wai Upara 
 wra buniinK around bia totnbi twalva 
 ■oblaman draaaad in black, eoma of wbuoi 
 would ni«at prolwbly not hava diad la tkair 
 hada bad Hanry lived a litila lonffar, aal 
 around oMtuminK within an aDoloanro. Al 
 iIm aonRwncaniMit i4 tba amrioa, Norria» 
 Dm Kind a^Arma criad aloud i ** Of year 
 ekarit^ IHray, good paoplc, for tba M«i of 
 tba bifh and iniRh^ prUieo our lata aova- 
 raiitn Hanry Vlli." Oardinar pronounoad 
 «ha Ainaral orulba. Whan ba cait tba 
 mould ink) iha grave, aaying : fuMtpuInn, 
 tiiti$ aimeri, aartb to earth, aahaa to aahaa, 
 tba Lord Obaiabarlain. th« Traaaurar, tba 
 Comirtrollar, and tba Qanttoiaan Uahara, 
 brake thair atnvw ibto tbraa p«U aboM 
 tbair b»«da and tbtaw tba pia«aa upon tba 
 Mftn. Tha Pulni Da t^rofundia waa than 
 antonaif, and tba kiair dMeandad into tba 
 vault in whieb rapoaad tba rtuaina of Jaoa 
 f(aynuMir.(*) 
 
 l«fd Mtf bart hi* fihaofrad thai Hanry'a 
 leimi ptaMDta to many difartat pbaaaa. 
 (hat it ia axtrttnely dilKcuit to ffiva a Juat 
 idaa «f hi* cbaractcri bia history alona 
 can daaaribi lii«.(k) Bartoli «ipr«a<N« tha 
 mm» opiniaa whaa h« eompataa tha Tudor 
 t» ana of thoao volcanie mouotaina vhoaa 
 
 with kia blood. In tha mwiiiny came tha 
 
 rlnmbar to mend the cheat, under whoae feet, 
 trembla to write it, waa teen a do* auddmly 
 araaping and livking op tha kiag'a ohiod. u 
 you aak ma how I ktiow thia, I anawar, Wm. 
 QiaviUa. who could aeaai drive aw«y the dM, 
 told ma, and ao did the plunbar alae.— MsC, 
 p. I{i. 
 
 (•) Strypa.— laodford.— In 1813, duiing 
 (he laim of Oaoiia IIL, while reatoriag 8k 
 Oaarga's Chapal at Windaor, an aoddmital 
 atroka bom tha piekaxa of a maaon laid open 
 tha eorar of Hanry Vlll.'a tomb, and the 
 kiag'a akeleton waa aspoaed to view. Sir 
 Heniy Halfurd waa frightened at (ha eight of 
 thia Cfoloaaua of nearly aix feat ia length. 
 
 (k) Hume, 
 
 baaa ia oovarad with wowwrt Md rardura, 
 and tha auamit with lava anil ecorla.(*) 
 Thia miinamh wm endued, m it were, will, 
 a double individuality ( the one guided by 
 tha aaunaala of Wolaay, but devoid ut 
 every thing trm or apontaneou* « tha oth* f, 
 miatreaa of ilaalf, oliayad only ita ovtn 
 naprinr and paaaionai the tUve had a frw 
 rvdeamiag qualltiaa i the maater lia<l none. 
 Wolaay waa particularly raraful in aouriali- 
 ing the king'a veneration for 8t. Tboinaa. 
 which had rendered hiio ao Mr«at larvic* 
 in bia contaat with Lother, lUd any i>n« 
 than Itild tha royal theologian that bttwavn 
 tha inhabitant of banvan and the ac^Journcr 
 on thi« earth, theifa a>i«t*<l aoita of thm 
 myaterioue harmony adoiitted by Calhuii' 
 eimm, ba would donbtlaaa have been ragardtd 
 by him aa an iaftdali for tha myal 
 dlcputant atirihutadhi«ati«(waaovei' Lrfitlier 
 to bia mtiraata oonoaiion with St, Thonaaa. 
 'Ilia miaiatar ahould at tenet have regtilseed, 
 if not iatarmptaJ, thesa shadogioal «tudie<> 
 to whioh tha prinoa applied with ao much 
 farv9ttr, fur auob a oourae waa aura to give 
 him tha taatas of a clark, and the clerk 
 would aooa ba anrtamorphoaed into a 
 Bophiat. Won to a nation that falla under 
 tha rula of a jootroveraial aovaraign < i{, 
 like Henry, ha ahaka off tha yoke of autho- 
 rity, bind down hie aubjjaett' «Mnaeiani-(t. 
 and impuaa bia capricioua aymbola aa a rula 
 of faith I far aboold arftuaant fail bin, tba 
 daapot will not haaitata to maka uta of 
 tha aralftild to aaaara tha triumph of bia 
 do«tTtaaa. 
 
 AfUr thaology, tha atudy of miuic held 
 tha naxt placa in Hanry'a aflBctioDa t at a 
 child, wa bav« aaaa bin sinf^ in tha 
 ohoir and oompoaias motata, ib» notation 
 of wUob b«Ha avidaoca of hia having 
 atudiad piofoandly tha aoianea (tf adody. 
 But aa ha advaoood ia i^ ha iniUatMl 
 Lotbar, and nagtectad aa ait t» wbidi th^y 
 
 (•) I/nltioa parte dclia viu d'Arrigo VIIL 
 ohi voleeaa unlra in tutto d'iatoria colt' altm 
 matia parte aalereadante, ikniab% para a mt, 
 <n>allo cha & aatara ia aaaai dalla mqatagna 
 cha gittan fboco sd hanno al ptt fklde ame- 
 niaaime, ooma di paradiao in terra ; a pfir au In 
 prime ooatiare e fikaoU, ofni ooao oaito a iVtit- 
 tlfero; Indi foreate e diaerti i e col pijllaalir^ 
 peggiorando, balsi, a aoogli, a vorngini, aino a 
 tarminara in ^uella oiribUe boooa di Awon, che 
 aa non 4 boooa u'iniarao^ almaa aon la maaca 
 naUaapaiarlo. 
 
td with wow^n WHO WQUf9» 
 nil with !•*• Mil Morta.c*) 
 •»■• •niliia<l. M 11 warq, will. 
 iduAliij i lk« on* guiiiaii by 
 ti Wabay, but darold uf 
 w or ipanUn«ou« « lh« otb*F, 
 iMlf, ol>«7«d only tU own 
 Mioaii llt« •!«*• hat) a frw 
 kUliaa i tha maatar lisd noi)«. 
 irtieuUrly raraful in naurUli • 
 vcocnilon for 8t. TboinM. 
 nf)«rtd hiio •<• Hr««l Mrvlc« 
 with L<ith«r, Had any ont 
 royal thcQlof^ian Ibal batwarit 
 of hattran arid ibfl aqjouraar 
 Ihera atiattil ttoita of th>tt 
 rinony adnuttcd by Catholi' 
 I doulMlaaa have lM«n rajiwdtd 
 an iafldali for Ih* irayal 
 ibntad bit aviecwaa ovar liui)i«r 
 tconaaiion with Ht, Tbomw. 
 ihouid at Iwai have reKUl&Cctit 
 t«J, thcM !h«olo||iefti atudici* 
 MtuM applied uritli ao mtich 
 toh • oourM waa nure to give 
 
 • of a clark, and tha d«rk 
 be ;iHrtemorph<Mad into a 
 
 • to a nation that fidla under 
 jKHitroveraia) •orereinn ^ t(, 
 
 I e^iake off the yoke of autbo< 
 »n bta aubjeete' cunacianttt, 
 la cmpriciotti aymbola aa a rula 
 ihould arfOBMnt fail hiait ibe 
 lOt haaitata to make lue of 
 
 WMiura the triumph of hia 
 
 BRy, tha Btody of uniaic bcld 
 
 1 in Hanry'e alhetioiia t M a 
 v« aaaa bin aiaf^ in tha 
 ipoetaj moteta, ib» notation 
 ua evidaoce of bia having 
 iindly tha aoienee (tf mdody. 
 Ivaocad in aft, ha imitated 
 eglectad aa art t» whidi tb^ 
 
 t parte delta vita d'Arrim VIII. 
 re in tutto d'iatwia oolt' altra 
 itereedente, iiuiibbe» pare a nw, 
 aatnra in aaaai della mcmtacne 
 CO ed banno al ptt fiUde aiiie- 
 di Muradiao in terra ; e p<ir au Ic 
 a ftuwU, ofni oeeo oeitA a ftut- 
 tceie e diaerti i e col piQ aaiirc, 
 alai, e aooali, e voinginl, aino a 
 Mlla otribUe boooa di Awoo, cha 
 u'iafKMk alsMB aonlai 
 
 Mr* Off itmi? Titi. 
 
 frvN Hotb ini1«bl«d for •& laaek •■)oyinent. 
 Tbar* ia in the Hrituli Miiae .i<n a |i»i of 
 ih« numeruua tnalnimenta whkh lirnry 
 l«ll al bia death al WaainiiniMr | « tad 
 Wtitsj frjr the f««»l tresMiry, for they we»e 
 Rcariy all «|H>iUd by the damp ur beat. 
 cuvvre<l with dual, or bail brukrn. Ilie 
 km* bad not uaeil tbetn l^r u Iook tiiae, 
 tor a lute, in the hNnde oC a man wbo wai 
 fontinuall;r itltoinii warrania of death. 
 would hiive excited a tau^h among hia 
 l>«i>ple, and Henry waa in great dread of 
 •idir- .4. 
 
 It may ba atked, bow it waa that the 
 Ane qualltiaa which Htawen Had beeluwed 
 on tkia prinoe diaapfiearwi to give place lo 
 vices which we ealdow lad united in the 
 iam« individual, and which, acootding to 
 Obakeapeare, erera enough to make angela 
 weepM*) H^ory waa ruined in the ftrvt 
 instance by the immenae amount of gold 
 which be fotm(' on hia accaeaioB. in the 
 ttaU coAfa. and wkieb hia father had 
 iffl»**«d during a reign of AfUan yearai 
 Ihia wealth, wliiflh a more jmideat minuter 
 would only have allowed him to apend 
 for the vanta of the Mate, cauead bim to 
 •cquire axpaaaiva habita, which tha ordinary 
 ravennca of tha orown war* aura one day 
 to be unable to meet f^ind of toumamenta. 
 fiMtivala, and balta, at whioh lim Udiea 
 vied wiUi one another in }»raitijig bim, be 
 iper.t upon theaa tha aaviaga of bia old 
 father. It waa Wolaey'a intercet to allow 
 the king to run into every poeeible estravs- 
 ganee ; at flrat, becauaa Henry, abjurbed 
 in theae theatrical rep'eeertaUuna, n( which 
 he alone aeemed lo ba the hero, waa ^cpt 
 away from tha affaira of tha ^tata. and tha 
 adminiatratioo, we do not aay tha raaponai- 
 bility, of thaaa aCaira waa tail to tha 
 managamtBtof tha favourltai and at a later 
 period, baoiuaa tha eight of thoaa magr.id* 
 cent feativala, at which tha ambaaaadora ot 
 foreign coorta ware alwaya preaont, aerved 
 to throw ao adat, folae though it might 
 be, ovar tha national royalty, which waa 
 generally oonaidered mora rich than it waa 
 in reality, and oauaed tha rival monarcha 
 to aeak Hcnry'a allianoe, becauaa they were 
 afraid of hia atrcngth and hia wealth. Thia 
 
 •) We play auih fantaalic tricka before 
 ' heaven, ar make the angela waafb 
 
 waa a fktlon which Woleay kant up with 
 ailtmnhle akill diirtog the whole tune of 
 hi* ailminMtrali4in 
 
 Hut It waa a Metiun that waa de*iina4 
 to ea*| aa d«ar lu the natiuU aa to tha 
 monarrh : to the nMiun, by daeviving it 
 with rrgarl to the real etaie of the revenue 
 lo the monarch, by leading him into ai» 
 peneee incommenaurete with the revenue. 
 No eoonar waa tha euuntry engaged In • 
 wvir, earited hy tlie vanity of the king and 
 MteaiiilHtiouof Ihaininlater. tlian an ap|tcal 
 waa obliged to be made to Parliament fur 
 auUidiee. Ai thia uneapecied cry of die* 
 tree* on whe part of royal'y, tha coaeoiecca 
 of Parliament waa naturally moved, and it 
 keaitated to grant lupplica Ui a prince who, 
 on the previoua day, had dieplayed *u«h 
 acaiideloiui pomp befora the eyee of all 
 Europe. The country bad a right lo depend 
 up<m Parliumenl, which hod, at Aral, piuaed 
 aume very po|)uler acta, luch ae tbe abolition 
 of tbe law whioh aaof«rred on tbe Judgea 
 of aaaiia eourte the right of esamining into 
 every orirae. except that of Ueaaon, withoirt 
 conaulting a jury, and merely on infurmaa 
 lion Uid in the king'* naiiie,('>) and th« 
 introduction of cunaidarabla amendweata 
 in the eierciae of the rig'it o( diainheritamM 
 for the profit of the orown.(<^) 
 
 If. in the atrufrglea of the flrat parlia- 
 menta agatnat Bdward HI., Riobard 11., 
 nnd Henry IV., a great number of tha peer* 
 araloualy encouraged tbe reaiaianca of tha 
 Commone lo the flacal meaaurea of the 
 crown, il waa owing to the Upper Houat 
 being at that period compoaed of larda 
 apiriUnd and tamporal belonging to Iho 
 great (hmiUca of tha kingdom t their richaa 
 and their otadit enabled them to witbatand 
 all the encroachmeuta of tha royal praro* 
 gative. Urged by bia ineatiabU avarice, 
 Henry VII. imagined, that to deprive them 
 of their wealth waa to diminiah their mflu- 
 ence. Aotiona brought againat paraone for 
 the uaurpation of propeny, aocuaationa for 
 Crimea of high treaaon, oondemnationa for 
 contumacy, the ri^toration of feudtd rigbta 
 fallen into diauetude ; «uch were the mcana 
 employed bv tbe Tudor to repleniah hia 
 The Earl of Oxford waa conk* 
 
 treaaury. 
 
 (fc) lleniy VII.. c. n. 
 
 (•) lb.— Haoiy VIIL o. V. 
 
ur» ev mnwM vtti. 
 
 p«|]«d Ut jmj lA ill* ffravn CIt.oni) for 
 bavinn k«|i( In hU pcjr ■ b«ii<i »( WfiMti 
 ■•«.(•) Th« eUmtmcy ol lltury Vil. 
 •vm WM ft iiMrrantry aamcnixiUf i tntl 
 
 VWtohlng lh« nobillljr. h«ii inunii«lat«tl •n>l 
 MMtovad th«m. WImb lUnrr Vlli. 
 iwtnrltit tha ihroM, Ilia laaJoHty •! tto 
 •rlat<Kr»lle fbmlllaa »«r« •ilinci or rulntd, 
 and th«ir •|mii1« had baan ibafad amonK 
 Iha royal farourilaa aud rouHMra.(k) 
 Hanry VII.. lika an abia politician, Ml 
 parauadad ihal lo aa«ura to hiraaalf a paaea- 
 tn\ raiyn it waa n*raaaary Ihar ha thould 
 intiinlilata tha nobililjr, who ha<l )>«i«n Iha 
 rauaa of ao muoh troubia to iht Houaa of 
 York, whoaa rapraMnUtiva ba had da- 
 Ibrooad at Buawurth i and Hanry VIII., 
 undrr tha Kuidanca of Woliay, iha aon of 
 a butchar, fullnwad iii iba (oulal«|ta nf hia 
 fathar.(*) Tha hair of Iha Wbita Rusa, 
 Iha Earl of Huffolk, who, an aaUa In tha 
 Nalharlanda, waa aaakinn to raturn i<» 
 Knf Und, waa arcuaed uf high traaaon, and 
 dalivrrad up to Hanry VII, by iba Arch- 
 duka Philip, oa condition that tha priaonar'a 
 Ufa ahould ba aparad. Tha old kinx kept 
 hia promita, but raqulrad A^m hia auc- 
 oaaaor that tha aentanca daoUrad afiainat 
 tha aarl ahould ba axa«utad. Hanry VIII 
 Moapted Ihla lagaey of blitod. Mid Buffuik 
 pariabad on the acaffbtd.C') Anothar nobla- 
 inan, tha rcpreaentativa of ona of tha m»at 
 iUuatrioua familiaa in Kn||land, that of iha 
 SlafforJ«, Iha Duha of Buckingham, by 
 hia rank, hk nama.hia dignitiaa, hia ricbaa, 
 and hia crtdit, might oauae tha king ttraal 
 nnaoainaaa. On aoma futila pretext ha waa 
 wraatad M.d triad for high treaaun. Ha 
 wu acoiiaail of holding myat«rioua intar< 
 viawa with \ monk, who prediotad Aitura 
 avanta, and v'ho, like Bhakaapcare'a raagU 
 cian, had aaid to tha new Maebeth, " Thou 
 ahalt b« king." Buckingham waa tried 
 tnd cotidamned, and died by the hand of 
 the executioner. The fall nf theae two 
 heada a bowed the nobility that if they 
 wiabad to live in aacurity in tha country, 
 they moat ba careful not to give umbraga 
 
 (•) Hallan. 
 (k) Liufard. 
 i*) Hallam. 
 <«) Id.>-SeeOhap.lV. 
 
 to Iba aovaraign. Tha taaton waa nol toal t 
 and II mual b* eonfeaa*<l, that Iha paopia 
 ware not the Irai le take rafiige In tarvi. 
 liida I but the arlatoaraay, tclualrd tiy faar 
 or ainbiiiiMi, daaarlad iba cauaa xi iibartf, 
 The daganarata ariatocrary ware aluna 
 a(!<-<iuntabla for ao many llUgal Irtala, m> 
 many odiiMia blll/a, aangulnary atatutaa anil 
 ini(>iiiu« maaaurca, ao ma»y ft>oli«h a«na nf 
 Ivraniiy. which tarniahad Iha raign ol 
 llmry VIII « the Norfulka, Ilia Muffulka, 
 tha tluwarda, ih* Buokinghaina, and to 
 many other rapraaantativaa of aneiant 
 farnillaa, yiaMad In every thing to Iha royal 
 power, awld their ronaotanoaa, and through 
 their Mwardloa aarHflrad public liberty lo 
 the eaiirioe of their maatar. The Houta uf 
 Gimtnona eeaaed to defend private intareati, 
 baeaiiaa the Houaa of I^^irtl* hail voliinianly 
 refuaad iia co-oparatioa in tha axanuaa of 
 poarer. 
 
 Cardinal Pole, wHnaai of Ihia ahamaful 
 pact, by which tha whole nation waa 
 analavad. eiclaima, with aorrow i " Waa 
 there ever before aaan, I do not lay In 
 England, where the paopi* have alwayi 
 enjoyed eitanaiva privilegaa i hut in any 
 Cliriatian Idiigdom, a daa|i(ti, wIiom amallaal 
 caprice waa regarded aa a aovtraign law," 
 At the time that the oardinitl waa uttering 
 theae complainia, ha had under hia eyee tha 
 annala of hia country, and in peruaint^ their 
 pagta he s&w through the |)aat that inda- 
 (lendenoa of apirit with which hia country- 
 men had alwaya been animatad.arouaed with 
 indignation againet the exceaa of power. He 
 delighted in referring to thoae ntrxmuie* on 
 the part of the Parliament, under the Flanta- 
 ganeta, againet the encroachmente of puwert 
 he aaw tha ancient repreaentailvea of the 
 Britiah ariatocracy, a few drope of whoae 
 blood flowed in hia veina, refuaing aubaidifa 
 to the crown, exiling a piavaricatlng 
 mioiater, brandiof profaaaora of oollagea- 
 expelling n kiag'a aon, and even annulling 
 royal lentencee. In a few yeara Ihia aeal 
 for the defence of liberty and jaatioe had 
 become extinct, and Pole ooverbd hia face 
 and wept . 
 
 A few gleama of independence now and 
 then fell upon thia atmoaphere of aenritude 
 which waa oppreaaing tha nation, but they 
 waraimioadiatalyatiflMl. A citiaan ptrhapa 
 
|n, Th« Immii wm not \>ft i 
 M confMMil, lb«i Id* ptNipl* 
 Mm l« tok« ntitg* la wnl. 
 
 ui«tiM)r««7, •ciu«ii-il tijr t—i 
 i«««rui(i ib« rauM of ii^Mrtjr. 
 »!• krtotocrerjr iirara «lua« 
 or M oMitjr ilUgal trUklt, mi 
 bill*, Mni|uin«ry lUlutM anil 
 (irta, »» manjr fiKt|i«h a<na of 
 eh Urnlahaii tha ral||n <il 
 
 tha Norfulkt, tha NuffMlka, 
 , ih« Buokinahaina, and to 
 
 rapraaantelivaa of aneiani 
 III In •^•rj ihing to tha royal 
 «ir ronaotanoaa, and throuKh 
 N iarriirad public llbar<y lo 
 thair maatar. Tha IIoum »( 
 mi to dafand prirata Intaraata, 
 (lUM of l^ird* hail voluntarily 
 Koparatioa in tha ajtaraua of 
 
 }la, irHnaM of Ihia akaniaful 
 oh tha whola nation waa 
 alma, with aorrow i " Waa 
 kfora aaan, I do not lajr In 
 m tha paopla bar* alwajri 
 *iva privileKa*) but in any 
 dom, a daapoi, wlioM amallait 
 liardad aa a aovcraign law," 
 lat tha eardin4l waa ultarinn 
 tia, ha had nmlar hia ayaa tha 
 lounujr, and in paruilnt< their 
 khrouKh tha paak that inda- 
 plHt with which hIa couniry- 
 a ba«n animatad.arouaad with 
 ainat tha eicaaa of power, ila 
 ifcrriitK to thoaa itru^til** "» 
 Parliament, under the Flanta- 
 l tha anoroachoMnta of powart 
 ncient repreaentailvea of the 
 mc/, a few dropa of whota 
 a hia veina, refuttng aubaidiea 
 n, axilinfr a ptavaricatlng 
 idiaf profaaaora of oollagea. 
 ig'a aon, aad t<na annulling 
 18. In a faw yaara thia aaal 
 M of liberty and joatioe had 
 :t, and Pole ooverbd bia face 
 
 na of independance now and 
 
 thia Btmoaphare of aerritude 
 
 preaainft the nation, but tbey 
 
 «lyatifl«d. A citiaan parhapa 
 
 UV« Off RRNMf Vill. 
 
 waa thrown into priaon for murmaring 
 •gtinet the doaility of I'arUainant i iha ciiy 
 incrrhanta. in ordarto aaeapatha Miluntaif 
 tai, Invoked tha etatuta of Huherd lil.i 
 biii thay a«f * «iUn£«4 by being iuUi that 
 l(i<hard ill. wa« a ueiirpar |(*) a pariah 
 priMt wB«, |iarha(ia, inpriaonad for at- 
 leinpiiog to preaarrt a (aw truinlia of bread 
 for tha |iuor of hie pariah i hut Wula* y 
 pretended that ilia Firai ('oiamandinanl 
 ut <>u.i wa» Ut oontrtbuta to tha aid of 
 royalty in dlacraia. Everything therefore 
 <ta-'< abllgad to be ailant and bow to the royal 
 will, coul and body, :y..rit and matter. Like 
 III* eUvea of tha caet, tha luhabiiania of 
 thel Und where liberty once floiiriahed, 
 admired the very atrokea of tynanical 
 aulliortly, and hugged the chaina by whloh 
 they were retained In ela/ery.(^) Ubeity 
 lea gift of Heaven I woe, ttiarafura, to tba 
 people who allow tliamaals ea to be deprived 
 uf thia treasure. Aa the reward of their 
 cowardice hey will be chaaiinad aometimea 
 ev«n to tha vary ld<H>d, and auch war, the 
 cha<itla<>inant which (iod in hia anger had 
 rteerved for England. 
 
 England had therefore aubmittad < tha 
 king had aaeumed all tba habita of dca- 
 liotiem, and the nation ail thoaa o( elavery. 
 Thi« twoftdil prodigy Wola«y had affected in 
 the courae of two yeara. In any other eivU 
 Hied country, the cardinal would moit cer- 
 tainly have l>ean puniehed for hia attempta 
 asalnat the iibertiea of the people, but in 
 England he waa rewarded by the favoura 
 of tha king and thaadulation of Parliament, 
 which even went ao far aa to aaarch the 
 Scripturea inr oriental terma in which to 
 txprcsatheminla'ar'awiadom, and the king 
 beitowed on hia favourite tha gold and 
 iplendoura of an Aaiatio aatrap. Prom the 
 moment that alavery had become, through 
 th< geniua of the atateaman, a aocial form, 
 a legal inatitulion. a aort of contract between 
 the matter and tb^ eUve. the tranigrcaaion 
 of which waa puniahed by Parliamentary 
 itatutea, the king no longer required the 
 aid of a tutor t and hence, WoUey'a fHte 
 from that time depended on a aimpla caprice 
 of tba moDarch.a fit of anger or ill humour i 
 ud aa it ia invariably the lot of a tyrant 
 
 S^ 
 
 a) Hallam. 
 '') Hume. 
 
 tu be blindad, a yoting girl auppl«ntad lk« 
 iiKnltter in Henry 't good graiae. Wa 
 have tean with what art Anna Holeya 
 triumphed over the cardln»l. Wultey patd 
 by tba 1>h» of hi* wealth, hi* po«sr. and 
 pel hap* hi* lif*, iur th* van*** of hi* tiiddeQ 
 daath are enveloped In an imftanetrable 
 inyatary, for the obalacla* whi«k he opptiaad 
 to tha tniiinph of Katharina'e rival. 
 
 Wolaey'* pupil waa ntlthar datoid of 
 virtu* nor Ana qiialitic* | during the lung 
 terra of thecarhnal aadmlniitration. Htnry 
 oontinuad to oultivata literature. England 
 waa at that tuna repraaarttad at foreign 
 eourta by diatinguiihed charartera i but on 
 reading their diapaiehaa, we And that WoU 
 aajf'a diplomatic agent* were man of 
 deplorable immorality, aupple, obeaquiou*, 
 faiihlaaa and haartl***, corrupt*d, and oor< 
 ruptar*. If a eruiifli were within thtir 
 laaoh. thay would d*t«ch it frmn the wall 
 and preaent It to th* Duke of lioiirlMjn, who 
 would take it and awaar fidelity to rha king 
 of Kngland. Prrverted agenl*, who adviaad 
 the Pope to defend lUnne when they knew 
 that Roma could nut bold out twenty-four 
 houra before the forcea of tha Conitable i 
 of what coneaquenoa waa the lacking of tha 
 Kternal City f 'l*here were numeroua 
 rhurchea in Kngland in which faUa prayer* 
 would be offered up to the throne of tha 
 Qod of mercy, for the captive whom they 
 had betrayed. Imprivoned In the Caatla of 
 Hamt Angelo, Clement would be at laat 
 obliged to appeal to tha gaiieromty of the 
 Kngliah monarch, and it waa ou that laal 
 appeal from the Vicar of Jeau* Chriat that 
 the court of Greenwich ao much depended. 
 ■ t lliine. Pari*, Madrid, and Vienna, tba 
 policy of Kngland wa* aa dialoyal aa it area 
 hy|><>critioal. She had tear* and Ilea con- 
 atantly in hrraervice j tear* and Ilea for the 
 piirpoae of plundering tha victim* whom 
 *he called her allie*. 
 
 It may appear ttrange that after ao many 
 extortion*, acta of rapine, and brutal acta 
 of de*piiti*in ; after the immolation of 
 popular liberty, Henry could appear in pub- 
 lic without being nuraed. But under Wol- 
 aey, and long ufter that minitter's fall, 
 Henry itill preaerved thoae exterior gifta 
 that are calculated to leduce the multitude. 
 The faacioation which beauty of form la 
 
 immtini.;. 
 
8D0 
 
 UrB Ok' HKNBT VIII. 
 
 mpable ot exerouing over the p«opl« ia 
 not ■uffioiontly Ukea into acuouot; and 
 Uenrjr, for fifteen yean, had been the moat 
 accompliahed knight in the kingdom. 
 Skelton, on aeeing him paaa by aaluted 
 with hia murmura or his adulatory veraea, 
 (he monarch whom he calla the nobleat 
 of the children of men. In the field of 
 battle, the English archer waa proud of hia 
 Bovereign. The first to fire on the foe, the 
 laat to quit the battle-field, Henry n«ithur 
 feared the enemy'a buUeta nor those fevera 
 which accompanied the armies at that 
 period. If he did not mount at the breach, 
 it waa not for want of good will, but 
 beoanae he waa detained by the auperior 
 oounael of hia officera. He waa fond of 
 hia aoldiem, and knew how to recompenae 
 them for the aervicea which they rendered 
 to their country. The national pride waa 
 flattered by that title of King of France, 
 which, although vanquiahed, he atill con- 
 tinued to use in his prudaroationa. He it 
 waa who raised the English navy from ita 
 depreastd state by fitting out the largeat 
 vessels that had ever been launched. No 
 one could be less cautious than the prince 
 in a tournament; he never quitted the 
 Uata without having disarmed two or three 
 of his adversaries, and blunted aeveral 
 lances agunst their corslets. In order to 
 kee)i up the military apirit of the nation, 
 Henry revived a few of the ancient atatutes 
 on archery, a mode of warfare on which he 
 relied for the defence of the kingdom, in 
 caae of invasion. Every citisen waa bound 
 to have a bow, and every pariah a public 
 archery. In large towna vast manufactu- 
 riec were built, in whioh numeroua work- 
 men were employed in preparing bowa 
 from all kintla of wood, destined for the 
 different grades of society ; the crossbow 
 and gun were lud aside as useless. Henry 
 waa long considered aa the must expert 
 archer in the kingdom ; no Scottish hunts- 
 man could use hia bow so well, or had a 
 better sight, or could take a more certain 
 Mm.(*) 
 
 In the midst of all these pleaaurea with 
 which Wolsejt like a skilful minister, 
 always had hia master surrounded, Henry 
 
 (•) Henry YIII., c. UL 
 
 did not neglect hia studies. The literati 
 of the day were all objecta of his affection 
 and munificence. More, at the aolioitatiuii 
 of the king, consented to enter the adminis- 
 tration, and was appointed Speaker of the 
 House of Commons ; Fisher, had he winhed, 
 might have been appointed to one of the 
 highest sees iu England; Gardiner, the 
 theologian, whose talents had been recom- 
 mended to the king by Fox, the Bishop of 
 Durham, wa* sent on a mission to Rome ; 
 Wyatt, the poet, was appointed to represent 
 the court of Greenwirh in Germany { Pace 
 was ambassador in France; Skelton, the 
 satirist, thanks to the prince's protection, 
 oould brave in Weatminater Abbey the 
 anger of the Chancellor ; Lord Berners. 
 transUted at Henry 'a request in 1S32, the 
 Chronicle of Froissart, which waa printed 
 by Puison, at the expenee of the treasury ; 
 Leland was at first nominated private 
 librarian, and afterwards went on the con- 
 tinent, where he bought a great number 
 of manuscripts on the king's account ;(*>) 
 John Heywood, encouraged by Henry, 
 went to seek out in real life acenes that 
 until then were only to be found in the 
 Bible. At these honours conferred on the 
 literati of England Eraamua waa overjoyed. 
 At the instigation of Wolaey, Henry had 
 long been aeeking 'o entice him into Bng« 
 Umd. Erasmus, however, resisted all the 
 royal aolicitationa, ao much was he in dread 
 of the foga of the Thamea. He was known 
 to be suffering; he required the sun, 
 warmth, and good wine, none of which hs 
 could expect to find at London; but the 
 royal advancea received their reward, for 
 wherever Erasmus went in his philoeophieal 
 peregrinations he proclaimed the prauM of 
 the patron of lettera. On the oontinenf, 
 the despot'a folly passed for caprice which 
 more mature age could be aure to eorreet. 
 Whilst England waa groaning under the 
 loss of her liberties, the oppressor was 
 compared in France, and in Germany, in 
 Italy, and in Spain, for his wiadom, courage, 
 and virtue, to the greateat princea that ever 
 reigned in Christendom. In 1619, a Vene- 
 tian, named Giustiniani, seriously informed 
 the world that Henry waa both aoexcelleot 
 
 (b) Wood.— Strype.— Mrs. Thooaoo. 
 
ct hii itudiei. Tli« litenti 
 re all ob]«cU of hi* •ffection 
 ce. More, at the aolioiUtiuii 
 ntented to enter the adrniuu- 
 as appointed Speaker of the 
 mons s Fmher, had he wibhed, 
 Msn appointed to one uf the 
 iu England { Gardiner, the 
 loae lalenU had been recom- 
 I king by Fox, the Biahop of 
 aent on a miaHon to Rome { 
 Dt, waa appointed to repreecnt 
 ireenwirh in Germany ; Pace 
 ior in France; Skelton, the 
 a to the prince'a protection, 
 in Weatminater Abbey the 
 Chancellor i Lord Bernen, 
 Henry 'a lequcit in 1S32, the 
 Proiiaart, which waa prmted 
 the expenae of the treaaury ; 
 at firat nominated private 
 afterward* went on the con- 
 he bought a great number 
 ta on the king'a account ;(>>) 
 jd, encouraged by Henry, 
 out in real life acenea that 
 ire only to be found in the 
 eae honour* conferred on the 
 {land Eraamua waa overjoyed, 
 ation of Wolaey, Henry had 
 king '0 entice him into Eng* 
 DUB, however, reai*ted all the 
 iona, ao much waa he in dread 
 the Thamea. He waa known 
 ngi he required the aun, 
 good winct none of which h* 
 to find at London J but the 
 ea received their reward, for 
 amua went in hia philoaophical 
 a he proclaimed the praiau of 
 f lettera. On the oontinen', 
 folly paased for caprice which 
 age could be aure to eorreet. 
 ((iand waa groaning under the 
 libertiea, the oppreeaor wai 
 France, and in Germany, in 
 Spain, for hie wiadom, eoura{{e, 
 > the greateat princea that ever 
 hriatendom. In 1619, a Vene> 
 Giuatiniani, aerioualy informed 
 it Henry waa both aoexcellent 
 
 L—Strypa.— Mra. Thmnaoa. 
 
 I.irK or HSHBT Tin* 
 
 mutioian and un admirable hor*eman.(*) 
 Theee ordinary attainmenta were received 
 in England and on the continent aa an 
 apology for hia de*poti*m t and the repre- 
 sentative of brute force, thia crowned Nim- 
 rod, who led hi* people like a herd, found 
 men, distinguiehed for their learning, ready 
 to sanction hia violation of the eternal law* 
 of juatice, by the expression of their love 
 and gratitude. It is true, that a* yet the 
 bdy alone had auSered from the royal 
 injuatioe, but the aoul wu also about to be 
 enslaved. 
 
 Wolaey'a fall will not he looked upon a* 
 a mystery by our reader*. The favourite 
 refused to replace in the royal bed a de- 
 scendant of the kinga of Arragon by a 
 young woman of obsoure family and doubt- 
 fiil moral*, whom the king wa* at liberty 
 to make Li* mistress, but not hi* queen. 
 His opposition to the king'a will waa not 
 founded on any religion* principle i hi* 
 motive in thu* acting waa not to promote 
 the intereata of the Papacy, but thoae of 
 the atate, and the dignity of hi* maater. 
 Wolsey would have oonssnted to the 
 divorce, if Henry had been dealron* of 
 forming a matrimonial alUanoe with acme 
 of the great CO! > ^<mtal power* i he wanted 
 hi* pupil to marry a princeaa of France, 
 and until bla laat hour, he entertained the 
 hope of being able to make Henry renounce 
 hi* foollah passion ; but he wu deceived. 
 It has been obaerved Lya German pblloeo- 
 pher, that man haa three Idola In hi* heart : 
 glory, money, and women ; and the Tudor 
 worahipped each of theae In aueceaaion { 
 glory nntil he waa twenty-one, moaqr 
 until he waa for^, and women till the and 
 of hia mwtal «areer{ tha laat of theaa 
 paaaiona wM in Heniy by far tiie nMMt 
 violent In ord«r to obtain certain favoura 
 fitom Anna Boleyn,lM waa eompaUad to 
 profloisa hia ail a traaa the title of Qnean. 
 which Katharine of Arragon had borne aa 
 hia lawftil wife for fUtean yearai bat to 
 CMiceda to her tha erown, wonld oaoaa a 
 mptore with Rome, of which Wolaaj would 
 not admit i the eidia of » kgltimilta prin- 
 ceaa, a perfbet model df eoi^agal flddity i 
 the IDegithnMy of Mary, • canaa irf febd- 
 
 (•) He is an ezoelleht nraddaa, an admi- 
 rable horseman. 
 
 lion In tha kingdom ; the coercion of con* 
 aoienoeei the abolition of Catholicism i 
 imprisonment t the atake i and the scaifold. 
 Religiou* unity waa broken, and the reader 
 will not have forgotten the ecene* of blood- 
 *hed that the achism occasioned. No 
 sooner had the nation had time to repose 
 from the dmturbanoes created by the eon- 
 tests between the two Rosea, than tha 
 amorous whim of the sovereign brought 
 about a divorce which, by stamping tha 
 heir to the throne with lltegHimaoy, paved 
 the way to new ealtunltles. The Parlia- 
 ment, compoeed of the king's oreatnrea. 
 transferred the crown to the children bom, 
 or that should be born, of Anne Boleyn j 
 and one' of theae children, Bliaabeth, had 
 been conceived before the dissolution of the 
 marriage with Katharine, and an arch- 
 bishop waa found baae enough to acknow- 
 ledge and bleas the (Vnit of this adultery 1 
 By virtue of one of *.he parliamentary 
 atatutes, it waa declared an act of high 
 treason to oontast the legitimacy of the 
 royal progenlture, and three year* after, 
 ward*. Elisabeth wm a child born in ain, 
 the fruit of an act of adultery, a baatard, 
 a* well aa her aiater Mary, who waa the 
 fruit of an act of lnce*t.C>) 
 
 The law* of logic were no more reapeoted 
 than thoae of nature. Parliament, aa we 
 have aeen, granted to the king the power 
 of annulling, aa aoon aa he ahould have 
 atuined hia twenty-fourth year, all tha acta 
 paaaed alnce the time of hia acceasiun to tha 
 throne ;(<) and aa If this iniquitous act were 
 not auileiently monatrous, it decided that 
 all proolamatlona leaned by the king or 
 hia Privy Coandl, and which contained 
 a aentenee of flne or conflseation, nhould 
 have the fbroe of legal atatutea t annulling 
 thua,in aftw line^ the eonatitutlonal righta 
 of the kingdom.C') Under Wolaey tha 
 form of the bUla waa almoat alwaye aoothing 
 and obaeqtdoua, but it waa changed after 
 the death of that minlater, and became 
 menadng and ugry aa the dacieea of 
 Tlbarioa. In the preamble of one of these 
 adlota. Parliament expreaaed ita Indignation 
 at tha oontempt which certain individuala 
 
 Statute XXVI.. Henry VIII., c. XIII. 
 XXVIII., Henry VIU., c. XVII 
 XXXI., Heaiy VlU., o. VIIL 
 
808 
 
 tlPR OP HBKHT VIII. 
 
 •vino«d towwda th« will of the monarch, 
 ■riainK, no doubt, from their not havin|( 
 formed a Juat eatimate of the royal pre- 
 rogative) ft violation of the divine lawa 
 which the king waa well awsre how ho 
 could avenge; death, therefore, to anyone 
 who ahould revolt againat an edict iaiued i 
 bj the king, hjr hie beira, or by hia auc- { 
 eeaaora in matters of heieey. (•) Blood 
 flowed I it flowed, whether hia vietima were 
 ailent or noti the exaoutioner had no time 
 for repoee, and when there was not a auffl- 
 cienoy of wood to bum the wretch who liad 
 preaumed to refuse the oath of supremacy, 
 ir-dulgoneea wen offered to all who should 
 furnish a supply of faggota to the flamea. 
 
 After the Upie of three centuriee, we are 
 enabled, thanks to historians and poets of 
 the period, to cast a retroapective view on 
 the scene <>f the opening of Parliament. 
 The king is aeated on hia throne i on his 
 right atands khe Chancellor; on hia left the 
 treasurer; the peera occupj the benches; 
 the members of the House of Commons 
 are arranged around the bar; the chan- 
 cellor or the preaident is haranguing the 
 deroi-god, aeated on the throne, with hia 
 feet reating on a velvet cuahion, and wear- 
 ing on hia head a cap, with a plume of 
 ostrich feathers. The speech is as lung as 
 it is emphatic; it lasts a full hour, and 
 the sultan is the constant theme of the 
 official discourse. It is no extemporaneous 
 address, for the author has prepared himself 
 for several days before, and haa taxed hia 
 brain and searched throngh his dictionary, 
 for epithris the moat pompons in which to 
 express his majeaty'a pruses. Cromwell, 
 at the eight of the royal countenance, is 
 seised with a kind of vertigo, and with 
 downcast eyes and panting breast, declares 
 that it would be impossible for any human 
 tongue to celebrate worthily the attain- 
 ments and virtuss of his nuMter. Rich 
 has three Biblical oharactrrs to whom he 
 invariably compares Henry ; the king, is 
 a Solomon in his wisdom, a Samson in 
 his strength, an Absalom in his beauty. 
 Audley found meana of outdoing hia auc- 
 ceasors in the expression of his praises, 
 lliis drop of oil with which God had 
 anointed his servant raised Henry, ao- 
 
 (•) SUtuteXXXI., Henry vm..o. VIII. 
 
 cording to the Chancellor, above all the 
 princes of the earth in wisdom, above all 
 sovereigna living or dead, a bove all that 
 had worn the diadem aince the institution 
 of royalty; that drop of oil had " infused 
 into Henry the anience of the Scripture*;" 
 it had been the inatrument of his victory 
 over the Roman Goliah ; that drop of oil 
 had made him a formidabfa warrior, a 
 Father of the Churah, a lavyer and a 
 juriat. The orator designedly introduces 
 into his harangue the epitheta of " most 
 aacred majeaty ;" and at thoae worda the 
 whole aaaembly bow in reapect. The demi- 
 god ahortly breaka through hia ailence, 
 and hia reply is invariably the same; 
 wisdom, prudence, beauty, infallibility, he 
 diadidms all these gifts that the orator 
 would attribute to him ; if he hu received 
 them from God, to God alone is due sll 
 ths praise; the king bows his head, tha 
 Parliament imitating the royal mimicry. 
 
 On the following day, or a few days 
 later, Solomon givea an important office to 
 one of hia attendanta who had aerved him 
 up a routed pig rooked exactly to his 
 taate ;('>) Abaalom waa obliged to call hia 
 wife and bia physician to wash the ulcer 
 that was eating away his left thigh ; Samson 
 was obliged to be drawn about in an arm 
 chair; the Lord'a anointed amuaed himself 
 with cutting ofF the heads of his subjects ; 
 the Father of the Church wrote the tututei 
 qf blood i the great justiciary alloyed the 
 coinage,^*) despoiled the monastaries, and 
 
 (b) Le Grand. 
 
 (d) On hia acceedon to the throne the oonoe 
 of gold and the pound of ailver were each of the 
 value of forty shillings. But the king decided 
 that they ahould repreeent forty-four and forty- 
 fire shillings. Numerous workmen were em- 
 ployed in debasing the coinage, by mixing 
 with the goldorailver acertaiu quantity of alloy; 
 the operation being terminated, the kiughad but 
 one care, and that waa to obtain poaseasion of 
 all the piecea of good alloy, iriiiclt he sent to 
 the Mint, and afterwards broughl 4nft> circula- 
 tion, gaining by this ttvoA several thonaands 
 aterling. A royal proclamation decreed that 
 every citisen ahould be bound to accept these 
 pieces thus altered at their real value, and the 
 decree was obeyed with so much docility, that 
 at the conclnaion of the last war with Fiance, 
 a new coinage waa iaaued, in which ailver was 
 combined with copperin equal weigHta;aoarody 
 a year paaaed without there appea.°ag piecee 
 in which the ledtd and copper exceeded the 
 
ifl Clunctllor, above all the 
 earth in wudoro, above all 
 in(( or dead, a bore all that 
 diadem since the inititution 
 at drop of oil had " infutrd 
 B anience of the Scripturee ;" 
 le initrument of hii victory 
 in Goliah i that drop of oil 
 n a formidabfs warrior, a 
 e Church, a lavyer and a 
 orator designedly introducei 
 ngua the epithets of " most 
 r ;" and at those worda tlie 
 J bow in respect. The demi- 
 >reaka through his silence, 
 f is invariabljr the same; 
 mce, beauty, infallibility, he 
 these gifts that the orator 
 « to him I if he hu received 
 )d, to Qod alone is due all 
 le king bowa his head, tha 
 itating the royal mimicry, 
 lowing day, or a few days 
 D gives an important office to 
 endants who had aerved him 
 pig rooked exactly to his 
 lom was obliged to call his 
 phyaieian to wash the ulcer 
 ( away his left thigh ; Samson 
 ) be drawn about in an arm 
 rd's anointed amuaed himself 
 iff the heads of his subjects ; 
 the Church wrote the $t*Mti 
 great justiciary alloyed the 
 ■polled the monaataries, and 
 
 d. 
 
 ccession to the throne the ounce 
 pcund of silver were each of the 
 hillings. But the king decided 
 d represent forty-fourand forty- 
 Numerous workmen were em- 
 asing the coinage, by miaing 
 silver acertaiuquantity of alloy; 
 lingtermhMtad, the kiughad but 
 that was to obtain possession of 
 if good alloy, whicn ha sent to 
 ifkerwards brought 4nft> oircula- 
 y this fl«ud several thousands 
 >yal proclamation decreed that 
 ihould be bound to accept these 
 ired at their real value, and the 
 yed with so much docilitv, that 
 m of the last war with Fiance, 
 was issued, in which silver was 
 iM>pper in equal weigHtSiScarcdy 
 aithout there appea<°ng pieces 
 [edtd and copper exceeded the 
 
 LIPB or RKNRT Till. 
 
 8«f 
 
 plundered hia creditors of their money t 
 the legist caused edicts to be issued, con- 
 drmning to death any one who should 
 assert the illegitimacy of Eliiaheth, and 
 afterwards any one who should assert her 
 legitimacy. Every thing that was con- 
 ceived in that royal brain was regarded as 
 a Divine manifestation. The parasite*, 
 clothed in violet or black, theologians or 
 legists, had all invented singular arguments 
 to detend the supremacy that Henry had 
 assumed. When, under pretence of seeking 
 information, a Catholic uked what passage 
 of Scripture conferred the government of 
 the Church on a layman, he wu told: 
 "You Burely forget that text which pre- 
 scribea obedience to the powers that be. 
 Now, to disobey the king is to disobey 
 God; to limit the king's authority is tu 
 prescribe limits to that of God." If the 
 Catholic happened to belong to one of the 
 universities, and attempted to ostablish, in 
 the manner of the achools, a distinction 
 between the two powers, he was told : "Be 
 careful { the Scripture doea not recognise 
 any such miserable distinction j it speaks 
 and commands." Should the Catholic, 
 feigning a doubt on the subject, inquire 
 whether the king might not possibly be in 
 error, he was told : " Doubtless he may, he 
 is but a man; but tn resist tyranny is a 
 crime : have yon not a prayer to God that 
 it may please him to change the heart of 
 the oppressor? Besides, the despot him- 
 self must one day appear before the Supreme 
 tribunal; let this be your hope and your 
 consolation."(') 
 
 These theories, exceedingly flattering to 
 the king, were inculcated in the doctrinal 
 works of that period ; they are fully expoaed 
 in the Inatitution and afterwarda in the Eru- 
 dition of the Christian man. Cranmer pro- 
 claimed them from thaeTangelieal pulpit; he 
 openly asaarted, in one of hia sermons, that 
 
 silver in the proportion of two to one. Such 
 wu the conflision that this scheme threw into 
 commercial transactions, that the king's suc- 
 cessors were obliged to diminish the nominal 
 value of these shillings, in the first place from 
 elevenpence to nioepence, and afterwards flrom 
 ninepence to sixpence, and at laat to withdraw 
 them completely from circulation.— Saunders. 
 — Liogard. 
 
 (s) Lingard. This doctrine is taught in all 
 the works of Saq^pson. 
 
 mammir- 
 
 entire obedience waa due to a magistrate in 
 civil matters, whatever attempts he might 
 make against the community or the Chris* 
 tian religion. l'*) By establishing the royal 
 supremacy of Henry, Cranmer and the 
 bishops who had abjured Catholicism, 
 revived in England the German doctrines 
 on royal omnipotence. If, in the writings 
 of the Anglican reformed writers, these 
 theories on the royal authority are not set 
 forth with the same freedom as in the 
 works of Buoer and Bugenhugen, it waa 
 because Cranmer and Sampson were living 
 in a country in which Catholicism had, 
 during aeveral centuries, imposed narrow 
 limits on the royal authority, and in which 
 the (leople, more fortunate than their con- 
 tinental neighboura in the sixteenth ceu' 
 tury, had acquired a just renown for the 
 wisdom of their laws, and the aecurity that 
 those lawa afforded to the citizen against 
 the oppressor.(e) But ever since thsir 
 Bobism with Rome, every act of the clergy 
 tended to legalise despotism in England. 
 Parliament, by proclaiming that the king 
 did not require the aid of the great constU 
 tutional powers of the state to secure 
 obedience to his decrees, waa only applying 
 the consequences of that absolute principle 
 acknowledged by the schismatic clergy. 
 Enslaved to royalty, the two religioua 
 partiea which divided the nation at the 
 completion of the schism with Rome, con- 
 tributed to fortify tyranny. When we 
 consider them in their lengthened struggle, 
 we might be led to believe that each waa 
 seeking to establish his own individusl 
 creed, whereaa, in reality, they were only 
 labouring for the absorption uf power ;C) 
 the aervice of God waa a mere cloak, with 
 which they concealed their ambitioua 
 designs. They were contending for a 
 leper, and were prepared to purchase their 
 conquest at the price of national liberty. 
 If Gardiner bad aucceeded in ruining 
 Cranmer, one or two dogmaa, threatened 
 by the primate, would have been aaved; 
 heresy would not have entered England; 
 but the achiam would have ^exiated until 
 
 fb) Strype.. 
 («) Hallam. 
 (<>) Lingard. 
 
 — Cranmer'a Memoriala. 
 
400 
 
 LtVI OV ■BMIIT YIII. 
 
 Iha kiDii'a dMth, for GtardiMr wo«dd not 
 havs ventured to attaok Hmry'i ipiritual 
 ■upremacy, which he had defended in hie 
 Dt Mfi ob*di»ntH, and which he «tiU con- 
 tinued to maintain, in tb« ezpeeution of 
 better daye t ao that the two prelate* were 
 only epeoulating on the chanoea of death. 
 
 In their impatiioned atruggle for the 
 king'a (hTour, they Wed with each other in 
 fattcring hie vanity, esaltinf his learning, 
 in oTMting excusee for hie crimea, and 
 conceeling hia iniquitiea t neither of then 
 ever once thought of that Power that wit- 
 aeesea hom above orimee that He luffBrs to 
 go unpuniehed, becauea He hu an eternity 
 In which toeierciae Hia vengeance. IfCran- 
 mer delivered ap the Catholioe to the eeoular 
 power, we muet not imagine that Onrdinef 
 would have held up the i itoua Judg* 
 to the maledicttona of the i itrj, or thttk, 
 seated at the door of the Cha|Ml Royal, he 
 would have waited the arrival of the prince 
 in order to forbid him entrance i the aiiDe 
 was perpetrated without a voice being 
 raived to commieerate the victim or brand 
 the tyrant. Wae there a single tear eecn 
 to bU flroa the eyee of those men who 
 pneaed aa the retireeenutivee of Catholi* 
 eism in England, when More toned round 
 on his way to the Tower to give his blessing 
 to his daughter Margaret; when, itt the 
 toot of the scaffold, that sainted bishop 
 wae raising hia handa to heaven, to seiia 
 the crown that aiigela were holding sus- 
 pended over hia head; or when the Car- 
 thusians, dragged on hurdles, wan singing 
 hymns of' praise to God, who was about to 
 receive their Boalsf Was there, among 
 those aposutea who put on the appeamnee 
 of repentance, » single confessor of Christ 
 possMeed of sufficient courage to enable 
 him to bravo the order of the tyrant, and 
 cany a morael of bread to those poor 
 roonlis who were confined in the prisons i 
 No ; fear had froien their hands aa well as 
 their hearts. At a later period, tbejr atyled 
 themselvee Catholica; but they wera not 
 Catholica under Henry, and aa they were 
 deflcifant in courage, an they wen wanting 
 in faith. Such, at least, was Boasuet's 
 opinion. 
 
 During the whole reign of Henry VIII., 
 there was only one poor creature who had 
 
 pity oa oppNssed innocence, and that was 
 William Somars, his m^esty's fool. Richard 
 Farninore, Eaquire, of Beton Neaton, in 
 Nortliampton, and William's farmer master, 
 was in prison for hnvlng given a penny 
 and ■ ahirt to a priatt who had denied th« 
 eupreaiacyi his property had been seised, 
 and the unfortunate man, the viotira of hit 
 charity, had been reduced alnioat to a state 
 of mendicity. The fool felt himself movail 
 with compaaaion, when be recalled to mind 
 the old gentleman who had fed him, and 
 took advantage of the flnt fkvounble 
 moment >o apeak to the tyrant in Farnmon't 
 favour, 'llie reader must plctura to himsslf 
 this fool aa rapreeented by Oolaram the 
 painter, dreased in hia long tunie, with the 
 letters, H. R., embroiderad on hie veat, a 
 gold chain about bis neck, and a horn in 
 his hand ; lie comss up to the king, who is 
 aeleep, awakee him, takes him by the hand, 
 weepe, and having moved him to pity.mokes 
 him sign tite pardon of Fammore, who is 
 reinstated in all his potseeaions. God 
 must have bleeied the poor fool, for the 
 poor fool knew what he was about.(*) 
 
 MaohiavelU, had he been a king, could 
 not have dkj^ayed greater akill dian the 
 Tudor, eoverad with sores as be was. To 
 see him sending to the scaffold, one day a 
 sacramentarian, the nest a CSatholic ; to see 
 a Catholic and a saonmenlarian dragged to 
 T^bum on the sane hurdle, it had become 
 Impossible for any one to adopt any creed in 
 safety. Whether in elevated or inferior 
 ranks, Heniy kept his sul]|}ecto in a attte of 
 oontinual dependence on his power, and 
 wearing out aa ineeeun existanre, never 
 being able to reckon the morrow, and 
 obliged to purohate tbeir Uvea from the 
 despot at the prioe of their scrTillty. The 
 king's oajsrice wae the suprame law; when 
 by any chance he nsolved to act Jnetly, the 
 obsequious law was the expnaaion of the 
 royal will; when he decided that blood 
 ehould be ehed, the law, obedient to hia 
 deeiras. seeurad him mon than he could 
 expect I between the session of one Parlia- 
 mrat ud that of another he changed hii 
 opinioM, and tht docile iawjoetiflad the 
 r^ w^'ju. K took away the tbirons 
 
 (a) Giaafm 
 
fd Ibbombm, Mid that wm 
 I, hit m^jaitjr't Ak>I. Riolianj 
 uire, of Baton Nuton, in 
 md William't former noMtcr, 
 for bnvinft giv*n » p«nny 
 t priait whu had dtnicd th« 
 I property had been aeiied, 
 iinate nr.an, the violira of hii 
 Bn reduced alnioat to k atate 
 The fool felt himaelf morad 
 n, when be recalled to mind 
 QUI who had fwl him, and 
 e of the flret flirounble 
 k to the tyrant in Farnmore'a 
 lader muat picture to himaelf 
 preeented by Delaram the 
 I in hia lonf tUDio, with the 
 
 embroidei«d on hie reet, a 
 >ut bia neck, and a horn in 
 omea up to the kln|f, who ia 
 him, ukee him by the hand, 
 inf mored him to pity,mokea 
 pardon of Fammore, who ia 
 all bia poiaeeaiona. God 
 aied the poor fool, for the 
 
 what be waa about.(a) 
 had he been a king, could 
 layed greater akill titan the 
 I with aorea aa be waa. To 
 ig to the aeaffbld, one day a 
 , the nest a Catholic ; to aee 
 a aaoramenlarian dragRcd to 
 I eane hurdle. It had become 
 my one to adopt any creed in 
 her in elevated or inferior 
 tept hia anfcjeete in a aute of 
 ludonce on hie power, and 
 B inaeeuio exiatence, nerer 
 reckon the morrow, and 
 robaae their Uvea from the 
 prioe of their eevvUIty. The 
 waa the aupreme law ; when 
 he raaolved to act Jnatiy, the 
 w waa the ezpreaaion of the 
 'ben be decided that blood 
 id, the law, obedient to hii 
 sd him mora than he could 
 len the eeaaion of one Parlia- 
 tof another ho ehaaged hii 
 
 th* doeOa kwjnetiflad the 
 It took away tha tb«ona 
 
 (a> GraafK 
 
 tivi or RiRBT Tni. 
 
 401 
 
 hma Mary to give it to Eliaalteth, and then 
 Arom Bliaaheth to beetow it on the children 
 of Jane Seymour, or to thoae of the next 
 queen. Thanka to tha law, the kioK, 
 wbf never he ahould feel inclined, could 
 point out from hia palace, aa Ruilty of 
 treaaon without fear of lieing miataken, 
 any one that happened to pata under hia 
 window I for it wae an act of treaaon to 
 call the Puntiff-kinK a heretic, or a achia- 
 matio, tn apeak ill of the monarch, or bia 
 wife, or of hie poaterity, of hie child burn 
 or that ehould he born ; to think evil of 
 them, to expoeo th'em to eoorn or ridicule, 
 by writing, by word of mouth, on atone, on 
 wood, on pa|>er. in public, or at the domeetic 
 hearth. Nor waa it leee dangeroua to be 
 silent than to apeak out; for the law had 
 made provieioo for every caae; it pro- 
 nounced the eentenoe of high treaaon 
 againat any one who ehould refuse to reply 
 to any queation reapecting the artidee of 
 the atatutea i " ao that," aaya Hume, " if hie 
 majeaty had thought proper to interrogate 
 one of hia aubjeeta on the validity of bia 
 double marriage, it would have been treaaon 
 for him to aay yea, treaaon to aay no, and 
 treaaon to aay neither yea nor no."(*) 
 
 Next to treaaon, bereey held the moet 
 prominent place in the Irgielation, and, 
 with Henry, any thing might be conaidered 
 herc^tyi to deny God ae well aa the king'e 
 lupreinaoy ; the infallibility uf the monarch 
 in ma: tere of dogma, ae wdl ae the nceee. 
 aity of baptiamt the doctrtnee declared 
 orthodox in the ofBdal hooka of the orown, 
 u well aa any othefe which the king might 
 in future adopt and preaoribe. If the 
 criminal were an eceleaiaatio, be waa, on 
 the third offitnce againat the living eymltol 
 of the Divinity, to die at the etake i if he 
 wore a layman, ha wae to luee all hia pro- 
 perty, and be imprieoned for life, unlaea 
 the theocrat. irritated by hie ohatinacy, 
 decided on eending the culprit to the auke 
 or to the eoaffold. Thua, the king waa 
 inveatod by Parliament, and by virtue of 
 bia dignity even, ae hia fiatterera, the pneeta 
 and magiatratea led him to believe, with 
 the right of making an article of doctrine 
 of every vain fancy that might paaa 
 
 (•) StatoU XXVIII., Beoiy VIII. 
 
 fce(KWiSB0^'S&, 
 
 through hia brain on quitting the arme of 
 one of hia wivee. Every one living ' 
 England waa compelleil, under the penalty 
 of the law, to rrgulate both hie belief and 
 practice by the upiniona of hia aovereign, 
 formed while faatitig before sitting down to 
 hie dinner, or aatiated with food, while 
 amuaing himaelf with dra«ving up caaea of 
 coniicience. And yet, while the mind and 
 the body of the eovereign were performing 
 auoh functiona, Cranmer waa muttering in 
 the Litany i " Prom the tyranny of Rome, 
 deliver ua, O Lord ! " Cranmer and the 
 other prelatea, the peera and dignitariee, 
 the publio funotionariee of the country, and 
 even the very eervanu who bad taken the 
 firat oath againat the Pope, that tyrant who 
 had never cauaed one dop of blood to 
 flow, were oonaidered bound beforehand by 
 another, the formulary of which wae not 
 to be publiahed till at a later perird when 
 the king ahould think proper to devote hia 
 attention to the eubjrct. 
 
 Never waa abaolutiam aignaliaed by auch 
 atrocitiee ae in EngUnd, under that eeourg* 
 of Heaven, Henry VIII. Innocent or 
 guilty, the acouaed partiea were almoet 
 alwaya condemned j a commiaaion, formed 
 of the membere of the Pirivy Council, 
 repaired to the cell, interrogated the 
 prieoner, embarraaaed and intimidated him, 
 and returned with a real or pretended coin 
 feeeion. Theee inquieitora performed all 
 their acta in the name of the Lord < their 
 deity, however, waa the prince who fed 
 tbem. Had they to deal with a woman 
 bent down by age and euftsriuga, thejr 
 "worked" ber, according to the official 
 term, night and day. Scarcely did they 
 allow the aged Counteee of Salisbury, 
 Cardinal Pole'a mother, a few hour* 
 repoee. Soul^ created in the image of 
 God, 4rere treated like horaee trained for 
 the ciroua, and ^..C^j^d tractable by pri- 
 vationa. The priacier waa buried alive in 
 a low, narrow, damp, and badly-ventihitod 
 dungeons no friend wae allowed to viait 
 him ; he waa refused pena, ink, and paper, 
 and even hie Prayer-book. The mercy of 
 the crown even waa an iniquitcus caloula- 
 tim. Had the captive a well beloved 
 daughter, aa waa the caae with Sir Thomu 
 More, fhe waa allowed to enter hia 4aa« 
 
 00 
 
409 
 
 Liri or HBNKT TIM 
 
 geun, in tha hope of b«ing able to tempt 
 the faith and «hake the courage of the 
 pritonar bjr her careeaM. Soinetimea, aa 
 we have already aean, hurdlea loaded «rith 
 viotima that were being dragged to the 
 gibbet were d^aigneillj brought under the 
 window of the priaoner, who api^roached 
 to witneaa tlie spectacle ; then there would 
 ariae a atriigxle between the angel and the 
 demon i the fleah would yield, a tear would 
 fkll flrom the eye of the priaoner, whoae 
 •etiona were watobed by th« authoritiea, 
 that they might turn them to account in 
 due time. 
 
 Aa aoon aa the eiaminaiion waa con« 
 eluded, it waa aubmitted to a commiaaion, 
 who alwaya came to the aame cunoluaiun i 
 " We find a true bill." In theae oommiaaiona 
 of inquiry, generally intruated to the 
 peera of the realm, the father waa preaent 
 at the examination of hia child, tuok hia 
 Beat on the bench, and condemned her to the 
 block. When the deciaion waa laid before 
 the petty jury, the aame question waa 
 invariably uked: "Whether the priaoner 
 proteating hia mnocence, or the royal com- 
 miaaionera declaring him guilty, were 
 more deaerving of credence?" The reply 
 waa, of courae, ready. A few daya after, 
 a creature with a pale and livid counto- 
 nance might be aeen aacending the acaffuld, 
 and, like the alave abandoned to the wild 
 beaata of the oircua, aaluting, with a oon- 
 Tulaive amile and atifled voice, hia merciful 
 maater, for the priaoner at hia death felt 
 anxioua to leave a morael of bread to hia 
 wife or hia poor little children. In the 
 evening hia wife and thoae poor little 
 children, while praying ior the repoae of 
 hia aoul, heard the prieata chanting in the 
 Utany: "From the tyranny of Rome, 
 deliver aa,0 Lord!" 
 
 And yet thia Papacy, which they have 
 awom to hate, and the diaciplea of which 
 were puraued with fire and aword, curaed 
 by the Tudor'a ordera from morning till 
 night in the Litaniea, armed aa it waa with 
 the weapona of the Inquiaition, aent not 
 one heretic to the acaifold. When, in 
 Denmark, in Sweden, in Switaerland, in 
 England eapecially. the reformed power 
 waa daily condemning poor aoula for re> 
 Totting againat a oraed inTcnted by man. 
 
 the Holy See, which doea not even preach 
 up toleratioutdid not pronounce one aingia 
 capital aentenoe for religioua oflrencea.('') 
 Leo X. protected Pomponatiua. who would 
 have been burnt at Smithfleld i Adrian of 
 Utrcotit conceived the project uf bestowing 
 the cardinal'a hat upon Braamua, who 
 would have been hanged at Tyburn ; 
 Clement VII. conaoled the old age of 
 Machiavelli.C*) who would have fallen under 
 the axe of the executioner of Paria or 
 London ; for not one of theae humftniata 
 would have acknowledged Henry'a apiritual 
 aupremacy. 
 
 One word more, llie religioua revolu- 
 tion, which took place about the beginning 
 of the aixteenlh century, would not have 
 been ao apeedily accorapliahed, had it not 
 offered to give up to the king, in rocompense 
 for hia intereat in promoting it, the aoula 
 ai>d bodiea of thoae whom it had aeduoed. 
 llie hierarchy b^ing deatroyed, it delivered 
 up to the aecular power, which aided it in 
 itc work of deatruction, the aoeptre and 
 the tiara ( that ia, instead of opening new 
 avenuea to liberty, it conduced to Pagan- 
 ism, in which we find united the aceptre 
 and the mitre. Ita monarch, like Heniy 
 VIII., possessed at the eametime the infal- 
 libility of the Pope and the authority of an 
 oriental aatrap; the great work of tha 
 Reformation waa to have been to aeparate 
 theae two attributiona, and confonuibly 
 to the precepta of tha goapel, which it 
 pretended to have reatored, to have rendered 
 to Cieaar the thinga that were Caeaar'a, and 
 to Qod the tLinga that were God'a, in order 
 to aava aociety from being aubjugated by a 
 aole and unlimited power. Thia abaorption 
 of the two elemente, civil and aacerdotal, 
 waa anre to end in the moat hidaoua deapot- 
 iam ; and if England, at % later period, auc- 
 oeeded in throwing off the yoke impoaed 
 by the Reformation, it waa not certainly 
 through the meana of that politico-religioua 
 inveatiture placed in the handa of tha 
 chief of the atate, aa a Spaniah author 
 jiutly obaervea i(e) but owing to the gradual 
 diminution of civil authority in religioua 
 mattera, and in conaequenoe of tha develop- 
 
 (a) Balmea. 
 
 (b) See Audin'a History of Leo X. 
 (•) Balmea. 
 
 ■•Wi* 
 
 ^»^imj ^ >.I MAm iF * ^ i0 i6 m N ^'^ l MKi»CMt a m 
 
I, wbioh doM not cvan preach 
 did not pronounoc ona aingia 
 see for rcliffioua oflTancaa.C) 
 ted Pomponatiua, who would 
 irnt at Smithflald i Adrian of 
 lived the project of beatowinf; 
 I hat upon Eraamua. who 
 
 b«en handed at Tyburn ; 
 . conaoled the old atfa of 
 ') who would have fallen under 
 he executioner of Paria or 
 
 not one of thete humaniata 
 knowledged Henry'a apiritual 
 
 raore. llie reilKioue revolu- 
 ok place about the beginning 
 nth centurf, would not have 
 ily acooropliahed. had it not 
 
 up to the king, in rocompenie 
 It in promoting it, the aouli 
 
 thoae whom it had aeduoed. 
 r b^ing deatroyed, it delivered 
 ular power, which aided it in 
 deatruction, the aoeptre and 
 it ia, instead of opening new 
 bertj, it conduced to Pagan- 
 li we find united the aoeptre 
 B. Ita monarch, like Heniy 
 led at the aame time the infal- 
 
 Pope and the authority of an 
 PS the great work of the 
 vaa to have been to aeparate 
 tributiona, and conformably 
 ^ta of the goapel, which it 
 ATe leatored, to have rendered 
 ihinga that were Cieaar'a, and 
 inga that were God'a, in order 
 I from being aubjugated by a 
 sited power. Thia abaorption 
 amenta, civil and aacerdotal, 
 d in the moat hidaoua deapot- 
 ngland, at ^ later period, auc- 
 owing off the yoke impoaed 
 mation, it waa not certainly 
 leana of that politico-religioua 
 aced in the handa of the 
 atate, aa a Spaniah author 
 I ;(•) but owing to the gradual 
 r civil authority in religioua 
 1 conaequenoe of the devebp* 
 
 lin> Hlatory of Leo X. 
 
 Liri or ur.NRT viii. 
 
 41)8 
 
 mrnt of the Catliolic principln, o|ipoied in 
 itn "cry nature to thia munatroua aupra- 
 maoy. In every other country, m in 
 PrunMia, where thia principle rould not 
 prevail, the civil authiirity, for want of 
 tome counterpoine, felt into abaolutitm. 
 
 It may not be unwurthy of notice, that 
 thcie exagKcrateil theoriea im the royal 
 powrr (late, in Kuro|)«, exactly from the in> 
 troiliictiuii of the Reformation. It would ap- 
 pear that the introduction of Proteatantiaui 
 WM to have been a tranaition to repreaeiita- 
 tive forma t but in thia it did not aucceed. 
 Witnesi Germany, where the democratical 
 institutiona are falling and making place 
 for the monarchical ; Sweden alao, where, 
 after the extinction of Catholiciam, Uut- 
 tavut, on hia accetaion to the throne, 
 
 dentruyrd all communal liberty i Denmark, 
 where, under Chriatiern, the tiru|)le have 
 ceaaed to form a part of (ha national 
 rrpreienution : England, in flue, which, 
 violently aeparatcd from tha centre of 
 unity, feil under the d'grading yoke of 
 Henry VIII. It mity be aaked, whethei 
 thia lingular coincidence ia a ainiple acci« 
 dent in the history of mankind, or a leorMt 
 connexion between Protestaniiam and 
 abiolutiam ; the hiitorian need not heaitata 
 io declare, that if Catholiciam hm\ reUined 
 itn exoluMive empire over Europe, monarchy 
 would have been limited, and the repr** 
 aentative forma, under the nafeguard of 
 Catholiciam, would not have complataly 
 ditappeared.(*) 
 
 (■) Balmus. 
 
 FIMS. 
 
 00 9 
 
 imms:s!m!^s.*:fW'Ssmi)mi^^- 
 
 iariat»iMii8iMM«aw,iW8»^ai<atM^ 
 
CONTENTS OK APPENDIX. 
 
 Bull of Juliiu II. — Depuvitiun of Warham, Archbiihup uf Canterbury, agaiiitl Henry*! 
 niania^e with Kathurine uf Arragon. — Ue|H>iition of Fox, Bithop of Winuhei*t«-r, reliit'ire 
 to ilia protcat of Henry. Prince of Wales.— Anthem, oomiioied by ilrnry VIII.— Uriginal 
 oath, taken at the king*! coronation, altered by Henry VIII.— Deiori|ttion of Baa Reliefa 
 at Rouen, relating to the Field of the Cloth of Qold.- Preface to the " Aaaertio Heptem 
 Bacramentorum."— Letter from Leo X. to Henry VIII.— Bulla Clementia Pap» VII — 
 Prirauin Brtve Clem. VII.— Secundum Breve Clem. VII.— Tcrtium Breve Clem. VII.— 
 EpiUpb on Sir llioma« More, written by himaclf.- Act of Attainder againat Sir Thomu 
 More. — Act of Succeetion. — Act of Supremacy.- Cuntemporariea of Sir 'l^omB» ulure. 
 Forget not yeu— Letter of the Karl of Derby on the oubjeot of Anne Boleyn'i Marriage. 
 Notoa. 
 
 tmt^nat.: 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 lA.) 
 BULL OF JULIUS II. 
 
 MARRrAUB or Tt!C fHINCK UF WAI.K« WITH KATHARINI. 
 
 (p. 19.) 
 
 Julius •pUcnpus, ttrvua Mrvorani Uti. 
 diUrto flUo Htnrieo cliMtMimt in Cbrlito 
 fliik Henrtrt AnKlia r«(|ii illuatrii nato tl 
 dricola in ChrUtu ttlia Caiharinaalmriiaitr! 
 in ChrutM fllii nu*tri Pertlinkidi tUi(ii K 
 ehtriuima in Chrittofltia noatnt EliMbttb, 
 rcgina Hi»|Mniaruraat Sioilut eubolicoruin 
 nata illuatribua, lalutam at •poa^itlicam 
 >)«na(iictiiine),D. Romini pontiAcia tuwcel- 
 Itui authurilM concataA aibi daaupar mitur 
 poirauu, prout parioDarum, ncRatiorom, 
 at UmporuiD quaiiu:a panaati Id ia domino 
 con«pioit aalubriUr ctpcdira. ObUUanobia 
 nuper pro p«rt4s veitrA patitionia aariaa eon^ 
 linabat, qu6d cikm aiiAa lu AIm Catharina, 
 *t luno in bumania a^fana quondam Arthu- 
 rui cbariaaimi in Chriato filii noatri Hanrioi 
 Anxlia raffia illuiiriaauni primoKanUtia, pro 
 conaervandia paoia at amiciiia* nexibua et 
 fadaribua intar chariaaimum in Cbriato 
 fliium noatrum Pardinandum, et ehariaaU 
 mum in Cbriato Aliam noatram Klia.. Hi»- 
 paniarum at Sicilia oatbolicoa ae prtBltttiim 
 A-nglia rc^cm at raginain, matrimonium 
 per varb* Icfptimi da prcsanti eoatnuiaaetia 
 illudqua carnali cop»lA foraan eonautnm»> 
 viiaetia, Dnminua Ariburua prole ex hujua 
 modi maiHmonio »on auaeaptA d«ceaait. 
 Cum autam aicut eadam patitio aubjuoga- 
 bat, ad hoe ut hujuamiodi vinculum paeia 
 at amidtia Intrr prafatoa lagaa et reginam 
 diutiiw permanant, cupiitUa matrimonium 
 inter voa per varb« lef{itim4 d« praaanti 
 contrabera, anppUcari nobia faciatia, ut 
 robia in piamiaaia da opportuna diapanaa- 
 tionia gratiA proridare da banignitata 
 opoaiolki. digaarcmar. Not ifptur, qui 
 
 inter ainguloa Chriati Adelaa p r aaartim. 
 eatholicoa ragaa at principaa, pacta at eoa> 
 pcrJia amotnitalein viger • tnunti* da* 
 lidariia affectauiiia. voaque, at quamlittal 
 vaatrum k quibuacunqua axcommunic** 
 Uonia. aoapenaionia at intardiott aliiaqo* 
 aMiaaiaatiols aantaneiia, canauria at paal% 
 k Jura val ab hoinioe, quavia occaaiona val 
 ctuiA, latia, ai quibua quoinodolibat ia« 
 nodati axiatitia, ad affaetum praaantiuia 
 duatMKt oonaequandum, harum acna abaul* 
 ventM, at abaolutoa totti rcnaentaa, hujua^ 
 modi «u|>pli< mtionibua inclinati. vobiacum, 
 ut imp«dtm<Bnto afflnitatia hi^uimudi as 
 pramiaaia proreniaata, ae oonatitutionibtM 
 at ordinationibua apoatolicia oateriaqu* 
 contnuriia nequaqiiam obstantihua, matri. 
 monium per varba legitime da praaanti 
 inter voa contnhere, et in ao, po«>'!i**m 
 oontraotam fuerit, atiam ai J4ib toraaa 
 bactenfta da facto public^ val cUndaa- 
 Uai contraieritia, ac lUud carnali copal4 
 oonaummavriiit, Uoiti ramanare valeatia, 
 auoioritata apoaUjIicA, tenore pnMMntinm d% 
 apeeialia doao gratia diapanaamua, ao voa 
 at (juemlibet vaatHlim, Hi contraxaritis (at 
 prafertur) ab exoeaou hujuamodi ac exeora* 
 municationia aent«ntil quam prapterea 
 incuriatia, eidem auotoritate nhaolrimua, 
 prolen ai hujuamodi matrimonio aiva coa> 
 trahendo auaeeptam foraaa vel auacipiea* 
 dam lagitimam decernendo ; proriad qu6d 
 tu (&li» Catbarina) propUr boo rapt« noa 
 fueria t rolumua autam qndd ai ht^uamodi 
 inatrim,onium da facto oontraxiatia, eon- 
 feaaor, per voa et quemlibet reatrftm 
 atigendo, potnitantiaia Mlutarwn proptana 
 
 *immmm- 
 
AfMmtnu 
 
 f»hi« in)uiic«t, «|aam •4limpl«r« Un«*mlni. 
 Htki\ (rKo otnnti)6 hotntnum limal banc 
 p«Nlnaai noitrai •baolulKiai*, illtfMnMtlonla 
 •« vulunUtii infrln||«rt, v«l at tuau (amt» 
 nrl« eonlrahara. Hi i|ula aulam hoo allan* 
 tor* |iraiaum))aarit, inill||natlanain iiifinip<»< 
 lanlia U«l. m lHi«t>irum I'alrl at Paull, 
 •|N>a(<iloruin i^*" ** niivtrll inouraurtim. 
 Dm. Horoai apud aamtiitn l'«triim, anno 
 Inoumdllonia domin («, iiullttinio (|ulngan- 
 taalma lartlo. Ha|tliin. (<al, Jmiuarii, |Hiif 
 liAoatua noairl tnoo pntMo.— llarbart, 
 f, ilA-i-lflfl. 
 
 [B] 
 
 DtpMiHoit of fV^rhitm, ArrkbitS'ip nf Can- 
 hrbuTy, rttaliv* (<• lh0 pntUH <\f thnry 
 VII. againsi Ih* marringt 1/ kl$ ttm 
 Htfkfjf uith K»lk»rin» </ Arragon. 
 
 (P «»■) 
 William Warham, Arohbiahop of Cm- 
 torbury, Ih-iiik aiaminad, (irotaata not tu 
 NVMla aiijr aacrata of ih« Quaan, aa being 
 bar iiw.iin oounaallor. Fort tba raat, aa ha 
 •ntwfraiJ wanlljr t>> tba quaatlona pro- 
 pourirlsd him roncarniiiK iha validity of 
 Iha watch, inaomuvh that he rafav'd him- 
 Mlfa tharain to tba Judgtai who wara to 
 datarmina it| ao yet ba made no difficulty 
 to ronfaaaa that beapprouv'd it not at Uratt 
 wbiob alio ba dactar'd. not only in a 00a- 
 taataiion which ha had with Ricliard Poi 
 Biabop of Wmoheater, who peraiiadad it. 
 (<ut In nertain words to Kin^ H«rni/ tba 
 ■aventb bimaelf, whom be told ptaintly, 
 that the roMrriaga aaam'd to bini neither 
 honourable, nor well pleading to Qod. 
 Adding fUrlhar, that lieoauaa the aaid King 
 Henri VII, appear'd not much inolin'd to 
 tba marriage, that ha tba aaid deponent 
 Intreftted bim to perauade bia •on prince 
 Ueory, to proteat that he would not take 
 the Lady Katharine to wife, and that h« 
 aould renew tbie proteeution when he 
 oama to the crown i which also be the aaid 
 dep«>nent believelh waa made. Notwith- 
 ttMiding that when the BuU of diapensa- 
 tion was granted, that be the aaid deponent 
 contradicted it no more: and that the 
 niurinuring of the people on that ocotaion 
 waa quieted, till the King'e conacienoe, 
 being troubled, rrvived it again. 
 
 fc-l 
 
 0*pnMif% <^ Fom, BiikniD nf H'iiuk*ttfr, 
 r»/<iNse <o tht frttHtl nf H'urg, Prin't ■/ 
 Wtkt, 
 
 iw. to.) 
 
 Tmi most aiibttitnliall perl Hhvreuf mtk*. 
 that be oonrviv'd, <lortor f ovlila )lid ttrii 
 iniiliun Ihie mntoh, and that mure (ban una 
 Hull waa unimtralad (or ili«|>en«liig liter*. 
 with, whereof two remein'il In Kngliinil, 
 one or two •ere eiiaat in 8|Hiln, but all of 
 the same tenor, ami gotten wuhout aaklng 
 the conaeni of Henry the eighth. Furth«r. 
 more, that he did not rtincmlier that licnry 
 the eighth when he cama to aMC, did es • 
 preelj cnneeni to, or dissent imm the 
 oiieniled marriage, yet that he believtH 
 that a protxNtation waa made in the name 
 of lirnry the ti||hth to this ttheit that 
 notwithstanding any contnel or tokens 
 nutually sent, or cubahitatlon In tba houce 
 of king Henry VII, he would not bold 
 hmurlf bound to ratida this act done in 
 his non age. And that this prtitestation is 
 to ba found inter protucolla Magiatri 
 Kyden, then clerke of the Council, before 
 whom it waa made. As for the personns 
 by whom this protestation waa made, 
 Catam mMgittnt Rydtn notariit pubiieo, 
 er*dit quod cwf ip*tmtt, e«/ magititr Tkomu 
 Ibi'Wf fiiM Mffftttritu domiiii ngi$, tt 
 poiiti ipimtnjmi lhtn*lmt*$i», t«l magititr 
 doeliir Wt*t lime c<MtUiariu$ tjuidim 
 Domini Rtgii *l nunc rpitnput Klientit, 
 ftcit tmmdam prolmtatitmtm nomint domini 
 noiiri R*gi» Htnrici octmvi modtmi ; prm' 
 tflilnu hme ibidem eomilt d* Surrty tunc 
 tktinurariii Anglia tt potlri dura Sorfakim 
 me Dimtino daelor* fSithUi, il coram tmf* 
 difid clariatimd Domind Calkarind, «f 
 rreolit, 04* M(/'r(f mdti ajriaeopi Dunahntntit 
 vulgnrittr nuneupataa Duratmi pke*. 
 Adding further, that our king waa not prs- 
 aent tbera, that be remembere. Further- 
 mora that upon conference bad betwiit 
 Henry tba eavrnth and himself, he found 
 it waa tba intention of that King, that his 
 aonnt Henry should mtary the said lad 
 Katharine, aJtbough be deferred the eolem- 
 niiatiou of tbia intended matrimony, by 
 reason of aome diaourd which waa at that 
 time betwixt him and (ho King of Hpain, 
 for the calling back of the dowry 
 
[CI 
 
 Ikt ^ttutl nf Ihitrp, PHmit •/ 
 
 (p. 90.) 
 iiibititnllall (Mrl wh»r«uf wi«, 
 '«ivM, iloctor PikIiI* ilid ttrii 
 matoh, •ml lh«i lourn ihan uni 
 |Mrtni(«<l (or ili*|>«n«tiiK lli*r«- 
 >f Iwu rvnitin'il In KuNlinil, 
 >*n •((•at in H|Hiln, but til o( 
 or, anil gritUii wuhoiit MkliiK 
 )( Hanry iha ainhlh. Kuith«r> 
 e (iid nut r«in«nil*«r that lianry 
 rhan ha caroa to aiic, did af • 
 int to, vr dliaant (mm tha 
 irriifa, yat that ha belicvtH 
 tatiim waa inada in tha nama 
 la tliihth lo thi* afnMti that 
 linK any eontnet or tokana 
 I, or cohahitatlun In tha hoiua 
 iry VII, ha would not bold 
 id to ratltla thia act dona in 
 And that (hia pnttaatation ia 
 d intar protocolia Maglatri 
 rlarka of tha Council, bafora 
 a mada. Aa for tha (laraonna 
 thIa protpatation waa mada, 
 itro Ryd»n noUritt pmblieo, 
 rl ip*«m*t, r«/ magiiler Tkowtu 
 J tterrUritu dumiiii rtfi$, H 
 put l)unilmm$it, t*l wuigitltr 
 t Itme coniiliariu$ ^utdtm 
 (a tt NM'io rpi$coput Elitntu, 
 prolmtatiotum nomin* domM 
 Htitriei oelavi modtrni : pr»' 
 I ibidrm comilt d* Surrey tvnc 
 tnylim tl pwUh duct Sorfakim 
 dnctnrt tStthla, tl coram tttpt 
 limd Domind Catharind, nl 
 /rd mdti tpiteopi Dunthntntit 
 Huncupatat Dnrttmt plact, 
 ■er, that our king waa not pra* 
 ihat ha ramembara. Further- 
 ipon oonfarance had bctwiit 
 ivrnth and himaalf, ha found 
 tcntion of that King, that hia 
 J ahould marry the aaid lad 
 Ithough he deferred the aolem- 
 thia intended matrimony, by 
 »me diao«)rd wliich waa at that 
 ; him and the King of Npain, 
 ig back of the dowry 
 
 ArrKHPix. 
 
 401 
 
 m 
 
 Anihtm, vtmptftH Ay lltnry VIII. 
 TO OOI) TItl CHATOROf AttTMIMOa. 
 
 Loan, tha Mak^r of all thinga, wa 
 pray 'rh** now in ihl* avonina ua to da- 
 fand, through ihy marcy, Jrow all de»'ait of 
 our anainlaa. I.al neither ua deluded be, 
 hoimI Lord, with dream or phantaay. Our 
 |i««ila waking in Thee, Thou keep, that «• 
 m nil fall not on ilaap, O Father! through 
 Ihy blaaaed Hon, grant ua ihU our patltioR i 
 10 whom with the Holy tihuai, alwuya in 
 hrav«n and earth, be laud and pralaa. 
 Amen. 
 
 Tk* aonl* »••* Ml In ■■•!• ht M«iir| wkni 
 V<^k» of Yoti. 
 
 CR] 
 
 Otiginal oalh llAm mt Iht king'i ci)r>'nali.>m, 
 
 and tk* oalh alUrtd by (A« hand </ 
 
 Mmry VIIL 
 
 (p. M.) 
 Tha othe of the kinge liJKbneea. 
 Tnia ia the othe that the king ahall awer* 
 at hia coronation t that ha ahall kapa and 
 inayntene tha right and tha llbertiea of 
 holie Churche of old tyme graunled bj th« 
 rightuoua chriaten kinge nf Kngland, and 
 that he ahall kepe all the londa, honours 
 and dignyt«ea rightuoua and fra of tha 
 crowna of Kngland in all manner hola, 
 wiiliout any inanar of inynyaahemend ; and 
 lha righta of tha crowna, hurte, decayed, or 
 loil, to his power ahall call agayn into the 
 auncyant aetata i and that ha ahall kepe 
 the paax of tha holia churohe. and of the 
 dcrgie, and of the people with good aooorde, 
 and that he ahall do in hia ju(li(rments 
 equytee and right juatice, with diac ration 
 and mercysi and that be ahall graunta to 
 holde tha lawea and oustomaa of the realme, 
 and to his power kepe them and afBrme 
 them which tha f;)lk and people hawe made 
 and choaan ) and the avill lawea and cue* 
 tutnea hollie to put out { and atedfaata and 
 •table peax to peoplo of thia realme, kepe 
 and caute to be kept to bi« power. 
 The oath, altered. 
 
 The othe of the kings highness al tvtry 
 coronation. 
 
 The king ahall tktn swere that he shall 
 kepe ond maj ntane tha lawfull right and 
 
 tha hhertaes of old tyme gAuntad by tiM 
 ryghtuoua eilaian kinga of Kngland la fA« 
 HOI.V ('MI)at:tlB nil INULANP nnti prt* 
 judirUH la kyt jurftdutiim ai«<l dtgnitt 
 ryall amd lAdi kt ikalt kapa all lha londSt 
 honourt and dignyiaaa rightuoua, and fre« 
 dni(iiii*a of tha crowna of F.nglond in aU 
 manner ImiU without any manner of my- 
 n)afihamant, and lha righia of the crowna, 
 hurte, decayed, or loat, t<i hia (Hiwar ahall 
 call agayn into tho aunryani aaiata j and 
 lhat ha ahall indftnrt kimtf{^ lo kapa 
 UNITK ia kit CLBRUVa and Irmporall tuk- 
 Jtelij and that he tkall aecnniyng to kit 
 lontimt in aU hia jiidgainrnii miinytiin 
 eqiiyllr, rl||hl and Juttire, ikminy ntr it la 
 In iktuyd mircy ; and that ha ahall graunM 
 lo hold tha lawra, ami npfimryd cuatomsa 
 of the realme, and lavJuU and nnt pr^fth 
 dieiall l» kyt trou'n* or ImprrmU duly, to 
 ilia power k»pe them ami alfirine them 
 which tha nnhlyt and people have mada 
 and chnaen uitk kit rontmt ; and the evill 
 lawea an<i ruatomea hollie to put out i And 
 eUilfaite and atable paax to tha people of 
 hie realme kepa and cauae to he kept to his 
 power, in <A«( wkyek honour and equita do 
 require. 
 
 E. [bis.] 
 
 Dtttripiion of tkt Hai Rtli*ft iculpturrj te 
 tkt Gallrry </ tki llottl lU Bourgtktrouldt, 
 al Rimm, relating In tkt Inlirvitw on tkt 
 fUU (/ lAe Clolk nf Gold. 
 (p. 80.) 
 
 Thi baa-relief in the middle is a repra* 
 Hentetion of the actual scene of tha interview. 
 The two on tha left repreaent the coriign 
 of Henry VIII., aa far aa tha sally out of 
 the town of Ouinee ; the two on the right 
 the suite of Pranciaand the town of Ardras. 
 
 " 1. The town and caalla of Guinsc, 
 whence the King of EngUnd and hia suit* 
 have coma ou^ except a few of tha laat of 
 the troop, who are atill in the act of leaving 
 the town. In the caatle. a gallery, whence 
 the ladies and gentlemen are looking down i 
 and below two piecea of cannor :nounted 
 on wheela, almoat deitroyed by time. Tha 
 Bnglish troop, which ia in the act of maroh- 
 ing, and the end of which may ba seen in 
 tha field, is composed of knights and son* 
 
408 
 
 APPKNbrX. 
 
 on foot The knights have manjr of them 
 Itrge plumes in their hate ^ the hortes have 
 tliem alio on their headH. Tlie men on 
 foot have all their hata surrounded with 
 feathers, spreud lo as to resemble very 
 much the tail of a peacock. 
 
 " 3. In the foreground an ecclesiastic on 
 korseback, bearing a simple cross, preceded 
 hj two maoe-ltearers, also on horseback, 
 and followed by a troop of knights, at the 
 head of whom is the Archbishop of York, 
 that famous Cardinal Wolsey, the Pope's 
 legate. He marches between the Dukes of 
 Norfolk and Suffolk. These figures are 
 very much iqjured ; they were in a very bad 
 state of preservation a century ago, but 
 there was distinctly to be seen on one of 
 the knights the device of the Order of the 
 6arf«r, ' Honi soit qui mal y pense,' which 
 is now entirely effaced. 
 
 " 3. The two monarchs salute each other, 
 and hold their hats up in their right hands. 
 They have each a footman by their side, 
 who has his cap encircled with feathers 
 and thrown over his ahoulders. These 
 two princes have very little beards, and 
 most of those in their suites have none at 
 all, neither have the cairdinals any. The 
 housing of the King of France'a horse is 
 interspersed with fleur de lis ; that of the 
 King of England's is covered with the 
 figures of two leopards and roiettes, alter* 
 oately disposed. The head of each king's 
 horse is adorned with large plumes. Except 
 among the English, there are no archers on 
 horaeback. The last knight on the right 
 U * guard of King Francis, upon the back 
 of whom may be observed a crowned sal»> 
 Bander. Tbia bas-relief has suffered the 
 
 ** 4. Four mace-bearers, of whom there 
 remain bnt aome few vestiges. At the head 
 of the fortige, an ecdesiastio on horseback, 
 bearing a double cross. Formerly, a radiant 
 doTt was flying anrand him ; but die atone 
 has so decayed that thia aoeessorj is now 
 no longer visible. After him comes Cardi- 
 nal de Boisi, the Pope's legate, on horse- 
 back, between two noblemen, or princes, 
 wearing the oollar of the order of St. 
 Midiael, and aeveral Other lords. Among 
 these latter are to be seen four eardinab, 
 tbiM 9t whom are, Boiubon, d'Albret, and 
 
 de Lorraine, This panel is in a very bad 
 state ; the bottom is entirely destroyed. 
 
 " 5. The reat of the suite of the KIdk of 
 France. 
 
 " The town or the castle of Ardres, wh«ncc 
 this suite is coming out, is seen at the end. 
 On the walls, and in a sort of gallery, are 
 se\'eral peraons looking on- Below the 
 castle were to be seen, as at Guinea, two 
 small pieces of cannon, but they have dis- 
 appeared with the stone. 
 
 "These bas-reliefs are two feet and a half 
 high by seven feet wide. The mutilations 
 to which they are daily exposed, the stale 
 of degradation of the stone, and the con- 
 stant action uf time, threaten them with 
 complete ruin." — Ducarel's Angls-Normsn 
 Antiquities. London. — Langlois, Descrip- 
 tion des Maison de Rouen* Paris. 
 
 Pr^ttce to the "Assertio Septera Saoramen- 
 torum," by Htnry VIIL 
 
 (p. 90.) 
 
 Ad lectores. 
 MoTDH quidem fidelitate ae pietate, 
 quamquam mihi nee cloquentia sit, nee 
 scientiacopia ; cogor tamen, ne ingra- 
 titudine macular, matrem meam. Christi 
 sponsam, utinkm tant& facultate, quant& 
 cum volnnute defendere. Quod licet 
 alii prcstare possint uberiiu, ac copio- 
 siits, mei tamen officii esse duxi, ut ipse 
 quoquequantumvis tenuiter eruditus, qui- 
 bus rationibus possem, Ecclesiam tuerer : 
 raeque adversiks venenata jacula hostis 
 esm oppugnantia objicerem. Quod ut 
 ficiam, tempus ipsum, at prsesens rerum 
 statue efflagitat : nam antek c&m nemo op- 
 pugnaret, nemini propugnare neceaae erafc 
 At quiim jim hostis exortus sit, quo nullus 
 potuit exoriri malgnior, qui damonia in* 
 atinetn charitatem prsBtextens, irft, atque 
 odio atimulatua, et contrk Ecclesiam, et 
 contrk catholicam fidem vipereum virus 
 evomit ; neoesse est adverstts hostem com- 
 munem ChristianB ridei, omnia Christi 
 servus, omnis iBtas, omnis sexus, omnis 
 ordo consurgat ; ut qui viribus non valent, 
 officium saltern alacri testentur eflPeotu. 
 Nunc itaque convenit, ut duplici armatucA 
 moniamur, codaiti acilieet, ae terreatri. 
 
Phil panel ii in • very bad 
 tm is entirely deitroyed. 
 of the luite of the King of 
 
 'the castle of Ardres, whence 
 ling out, is seen at the end. 
 nd in a sort of gallery, are 
 looking on. Below the 
 lie seen, as at Guinea, two 
 
 cannon, but they have dis- 
 he stone. 
 
 eliefa are two feet and a half 
 eet wide. The mutilations 
 are daily exposed, the state 
 of the stone, and the con- 
 
 titne, threaten them with 
 — Ducarel's Angls-Norman 
 ondon. — Langlois, Descrip- 
 I de Rouen* Paris. 
 
 [P] 
 
 Assertio Septera Saoram«n> 
 I," by Henry VIII. 
 
 p. 90.) 
 
 m fidelitate ae pietate, 
 li nee eloquentia sit, nee 
 cogor tamen, ne ingra- 
 ir, matrem meam. Christi 
 im tantd facultate, quant& 
 defendere. Quod licet 
 cssint uberiiu, ac copio- 
 s officii esse duxi, ut ipse 
 nvis tenuiter eruditus, qui* 
 possem, Eoclesiam tuerer: 
 is venenata jacula hostis 
 ;ia objiceram. Quod ut 
 ipsum, at praaens rerom 
 : nam antek dkva nemo op« 
 ni propngnara neceaae erafc 
 ostia exortus ait, quo nulius 
 nalgnior, qui damonia in« 
 em prsBtextens, irft, atque 
 I, et contrii Ecclesiam, et 
 am fidem vipercum virus 
 ) est adversiis hostem com- 
 iansB ridei, omnia Christi 
 letas, omnia aexua, omnia 
 ; ut qui viribus non valent, 
 I alacri teatentur eflPectu. 
 Dvenit, ut duplici armaturA 
 laiti ioilieat, ae terreatri. 
 
 APPKNDtX. 
 
 4M 
 
 Ccslesti, ut qui fiotA ohariUta et alios perdit, 
 et perit ipse, ver^ charitate lucrifactus, alios 
 lunrifaciat, et qui falsi doctiinA depugnat, 
 doctrini verft vincaiur. Terrestri ver6 ut 
 si tkm obstinatie malitia sit, ut consilia 
 sancta spernat, et oorreptionem piam con* 
 temnat, merito coerceatur supplicio i ut qui 
 beni facere non vutt. desinat malA fkeere i 
 ut qui nocuit verbo malitin, supplioii prosit 
 exempto. Qua pestis unquAtn tim parni* 
 ciosa invasit gregem Christi i Qui serpens 
 unquAm tkm venenatus irrepsit, quam is, 
 qui de BabylonicA captivitate Kcolesia 
 scripsit, qui scripturam saoram ex auo 
 Hpnsu ountrk Christi sacramenta orquet, 
 traditos ab antiquia patribus Ecclesiasticos 
 ritus eludit, aanctissimos viros, vetustissi* 
 mos sacrarun literarum interpretes, nisi 
 quateniia ipsiun sensui conveniunt, et oon* 
 sentiunt, nihili pendit, sacrosanctam a^dem 
 Romanum Bahylonem appellat, aummum 
 Puntifioem vocat tyranniden, totiua Bocle- 
 sia decreta salubenrima captivitatem oanset, 
 sanetissimi pontifioia nomen in ante* 
 chriotum eonvertit? O detestabilia am* 
 gantia, contumelia, ae aehismatia bucci- 
 nator I Quantus inferorum lupus est iste, 
 qui Christi gregem dispeigere guarit i 
 Quantum diaboli membrum, qui Christia- 
 nos Christi membra quarit k capita auo 
 deeerpere? Qukm putria ht\}ua animus, 
 qukm execrabile propositum, qui et sepulta 
 tesuscitat aohiamaia, et vetuctis adjicit nova 
 et hareses aternis abdeudaa tenebris, velut 
 Cerberum ex inferis producit in lucem, 
 dignumque duoit se, cujus unius verba 
 (posthabitis antiquia omnibus) universa 
 regatur, immd aubvertatur Ecrleaiaf De 
 oujua ego malitik quid dicam nescio t quam 
 tantam cenaeo, quautam nequa lingua cu* 
 jusquam, neque oalamoa ezprimere poaait. 
 Quamobrem <'oa omnea Christi fideles 
 hortor, oro, et per Chriati nomen (quod 
 professi sumus) obtsstor, at qui Lutheri 
 oprra (si mod6 ia Babylonica Captivitatia) 
 sit auctor) omnmft velini inspicere, oautA 
 illud et cum judicio Caciant, ut que mad- 
 modum Virgilius aurum ae colligere dixit 
 i Btercore Ennii, aic i mediis malis coligant 
 bona. Nee itk (ai quid arridet ipais) affl* 
 ciantur, ut cum melle aimul imbibant 
 venenum. Multd enim aattita Aierit utro* 
 que carcre^ qukm wti jmqua glatiie. Quod 
 
 ne acoidat, utinam auctor tliquandft resU 
 piscat, ut convertatur, et vivati ac supa 
 lihros omni malitik refertoa, exemplo 
 Augustini (cuJus regulaiu profltetur) retrac* 
 tet erroresque revocet. Quod si reouset 
 Lutherus, brevi certi flet, si Christiani 
 principes auum oiBcium feoerint, ut vrorea 
 i|]ua, eumque ipsum (si in errore perstiterit) 
 ignis exurat. Interck nobis visum est in 
 Captivitata BabylonicA quadam loca com* 
 monstrare lector ibus, in quibus pracipuum 
 latet venenum. Ex quibus apertk satis 
 constabit, qukm exulcerato animo aggreisua 
 ait opus, qui ciim publicum bonum praten* 
 dat, nihil prater malitiam ad acribendum 
 afferat. 
 
 Ut hae docearaus, qua diximus, hand 
 longi nobis petenda probatioues aunt : nam 
 ne quia ob earn rem sursitm, deorsiim cur- 
 aitrt, Lutherua uUr6 ae ae, atque animum 
 auum prime statim principio pr.)dit. Quia 
 enim dubitet qu6 tendat, qud se proripiat 
 is, eujua vel hunc unum versum legerit ) 
 
 CO.] 
 
 LtUtr from Leo X. to Hnry VIIL, rt- 
 tprcting (A« "Aaaertio Septem Sacramen- 
 torum." 
 
 (p. 94.) 
 
 De gratiis pro libro per regem oontrk 
 Lutherum soripto. 
 
 Charisaime in Christo fill noster, aslutem 
 et apostolioam benedictionem. His pra* 
 teritis diebus, oikm tua serrnitatis Orator 
 ilileotua Filius Johannea Gierke Capella 
 regia Deeanua in Consistorio nostro palkm 
 libruro sum nobia obtulisset, quem screnitaa 
 tua contra impiam Martini Lutheri et men- 
 tem et aectam edidit, atque ipse lucnlentA 
 maxim^ue tempori et loco aocommodatA 
 oratione, prsnentibus etikm pluribua roma- 
 na Curia Pralatis promptum animum tuuni 
 ad nos sanctamque sedem banc armia pariter 
 et Uteris juvandam expoauisset, aummA 
 anima latitiA fuimua affecti'; neque noa 
 aoliiin sed omnes «enerabiles firatrea nostri, 
 quasi reputantes non sine prrmissu divino 
 erupisse adversits Christi Ecclesiam Lu* 
 terianam bane iropietatam, ut ipsA majore 
 •uo «um gloriA tidem propugnatorem ae 
 defenaorem aortiri poaait. 
 
 Viauo itaque fuit cunotis, nobis^ue itk 
 
410 
 
 APPKSniX. 
 
 drcernentibu« ab omnnniB est BsienRum 
 •inKulanm liano tuain et virlutem et pie- 
 toiciu aliqiio et ainoriti mmtri et grati unimi 
 inonuineiitu eose ihuatrandain. Etenim, 
 chariasime fill noat«r, ti arma aumere ut 
 aanctn aediH apoatolicae status in auA liber- 
 tate et tranquilitate permanent tiXtus, magnis 
 S8e!|>^ Principibus honori summo fuilquantd 
 msLffiB arma dpiritus Dei coelestisque scientisB 
 capere, ut eft fide Christi tanta labes depel- 
 latur, sacramentaque ea quibus animarum 
 salus, inviulata serventur, et laudem afferre 
 debet et celebritatem. 
 
 Quamquitm hao duo, qute duximui antei 
 semper divisa in te uno maximo rege prse- 
 stantissima fuerunt conjuncia ; idem enim 
 tu et libertatem ecclesiasticam tuis armis 
 vindicasti, et tu idem fldem christianam 
 theHauris tuae et pietatis et acientiee adver- 
 ah» iropiaa hBresea munitam ease voluisti, 
 quorum alterum invictsf el excelsae animi 
 fortitudinis, alterum pi» et sanctie et verse 
 mentis ac reiigionis fuit; sed noa quibua 
 tandem verbis, quo laudum generp, vel 
 banc pietatem tunm, banc uberrinnam velut 
 ex coelesti fonte doctrinsD copiain cominen- 
 dabtmus ( vel tuee erg4 nos voluntati, qui 
 nobis ipsis tam nobilem partum ingenii 
 tui dicasti. gratias agemus? superat hoc 
 utrumque non solilm verba sed etiim cogi- 
 tationes nostras neo verd de tuis officiis oc 
 mentis tantiiin possumus animo concipere, 
 quin k re vincamur iptft. Qui enim in te 
 amor, quod studium defendend* Christiana 
 fidei i (fiuanU erg& nos ipsos benevolentia } 
 qusB denique opens ipsius gravitas? qui 
 ordo? quanta via eloquentiv ut sanctum 
 afftaiase spiritum »ppareat; omnia plena 
 judicU, plena lapientise, plena pietatis ; in 
 dooendo cbaritas, in admoneudo mansue- 
 tudo, in vedarguendo veritaa; ut ai homines 
 not qui ft te refelluntur, ac non omnind in 
 pesaimi Dnmonia potestatem abierunt, tuis 
 scriptis ad saniutem debeant reduci, si 
 modd uUus relictua est sanitatia locus. 
 
 Sunt haec preclara omnind et admirabilia, 
 qua quoniam ft te novk ratione, magnifico 
 munere, Deo maximo et huic sancts sedi 
 elaliorata aunt, agimua Majestati tuae iu- 
 finitaa gratias. o fidei defenaor ! Agit aedea 
 apoHtoIica, agunt omnek qui Christum co- 
 lunt et in ejus fide censentur, Christiani... 
 
 Et tfos quidem titulum hunc defensoris 
 
 fidei, de eorundem venerabilium fnitnim 
 nostrorum assensu, tibi per aSias noitrua 
 sub plumbo literas contulimus ut ex ipsis 
 potuitti cognoHcere ; sed tu, cbarissime fili, 
 ita boa honorrs quos tibi in premium tuee 
 prieolarissiiiite virtutis, in signum suae erKft 
 te gratae voluntatis, tiancta aedea defert 
 apoatolira, et magnos et expetendos esse 
 puta, ut tamen illis longd majors et prae- 
 stantiora arbinrere tibi in roelo k Domino et 
 Salvatore nnstro parata praemia, ejus tu 
 causam et sponsam defendendo omni genere 
 tutulae et animum et virtutem tuam adhibu- 
 isti ; ut d&m hos in -rris quos aileptus es, 
 titulos receusebis, et ciBlestia ilia cogitabis, 
 tecum ipse recordere quibus es meritis istu 
 constcutus.talemquete imposter&m qualera 
 anteft praestes, ac principiis sublimibus et 
 glorioaia pares sint exitus, ipsaque «edes 
 apostolica quae olim tuis defensa armis. 
 fides quoque christinna quia nunc doctrinae 
 tuae clypeo adversiis sccleratas baeaeticurum 
 insanias comm units est, sentiantte eundera 
 semper experianturque acjutorem in peri* 
 culia suia omnibus, ud istam singularem et 
 inenarrabilem gloriani quara roajestaa tua, 
 roaximia suis operibus jure optimo prome- 
 rita est ad extremum usque hujus vita diem 
 et produceie possis, et earn in omni posteri* 
 tate pmdicandam relinquere. 
 
 Datum Roma, apud Sanctum Petram, 
 sub annulo piscatoris, die quartft novembria, 
 miUesimo quingentesimo vicesimo primo, 
 pontificatus nostri «nno nono. 
 
 Dorsu : Sadolktus. 
 
 Charissimo in Christo Alio nostro Henrico 
 Angelia regi, illustri fidei defenaori. 
 
 [H.] 
 BiJla Clemmtis Papm VII., eonceua Rigi 
 Henrico VIII. it teamdis nuptiit eon- 
 trahendit.—Ex. MS. Cott. Tiius, C. X., 
 fol. 72. 
 
 (p. 159.) 
 
 Charissimo in Christo filio Henrioo, 
 Anglia, etc. Exponi nobis nuper feoisti, 
 quod aliaa tu et dilecta in Christo filia 
 Catharina, rehcta quondam fratria tui ger« 
 mani, non ignorantes, yoa primo afilnitatis 
 gradu invicem fore conjunctos, matrimo* 
 nium per verba "alike legitia de praaenti," 
 non aaltem canonicA sea valida diapensa- 
 tione deauper obtentft, quamvia de facto 
 
 ■«»eAit, 
 
[ 
 
 km Tcnerabilium fratnim 
 nsu, libi per aHu noitrua 
 ras contulimui ul ex ipsU 
 :ere ; sed tu, charitsime fili, 
 quos tibi in pfaBiniuin tuee 
 irtutis, in gignum luse ttnk 
 itatii, tiancta 8«dea defert 
 OBKnos et expetendoi esse 
 I illia longd majora et prn- 
 re tibi in rcelo k Domino et 
 
 parata premia, ejua tu 
 am defendendo oinni genere 
 m et virtutem tuam adbibu- 
 « in 'Tris quos adeptua e>, 
 ia, et ciBlestia ilia cogitabis, 
 rdere quibua ea meritia istu 
 mquete impoaterikro qualeia 
 Bc principiis aublimibus et 
 lint exituR, ipaaque «edea 
 
 olim tuitt defenaa armia. 
 riatinna quia nunc doctrinse 
 raika acclerataa bsaeticuruni 
 inita eat, aentiant te eumieni 
 Qturque acjutorein in peri- 
 t)UB, ud iatam aingularem et 
 loriani quani roajeataa tua, 
 jeribua jure optimo proroe- 
 mum uaque hujua vitae diem 
 saiat et earn in omni poateri* 
 at relinquere. 
 
 SB, apod Sanctum Petium, 
 atoria, die quarti novembria, 
 igenteaimo viceiimo prime, 
 itri anno nono. 
 
 Sadolktus. 
 
 1 Chriato filio noatro Henrico 
 iuBtri fidei defenaori. 
 
 [H.] 
 t PaptB VIL, eotieeua R$gi 
 '/. dt tteuHdi$ nuptiit con- 
 Ix. MS. Cott. Tiiua, C. X., 
 
 (p. 159.) 
 in Chriato filio Henrico, 
 Ssponi nobia nuper feoiati, 
 et dilecta in Chriato filia 
 ita quondam fratria tui ger« 
 rantea, yea primo affinitatia 
 fore conjunctoa, matrimo* 
 "alika legitia de prttaenti," 
 tonicA aeu valida diapenaa- 
 obtentA, quamvia de facto 
 
 AHVMNDIX. 
 
 411 
 
 eontraxiktia, illudque oamali cnpulk con- 
 aummaviatlR, ac putca ex hoe matrinionio 
 ahaque peccato remanere non poaae t et ne 
 diutiiis in hoc peocato ex excommunica- 
 tionia aententi& remaneaa, deaideraa ab h&c 
 excommunicationia aententiftet jiidice eeole- 
 aiastico oompetente absolutionia beneficium 
 obtinere; ao matrimonium ipaum nullum 
 et invalidum fuioae, tibique licere cum qu&- 
 cumque alt& muliere, et ai ilia talia ait, qua 
 alii^ cum alio matrimonium contraxerit, 
 dummodd illud carnali copuU non conaum- 
 maverit. etiamsi tibi ali&a aecundo vel re- 
 motiori gradu oonsanguinitatit, aut primo 
 affinitatia ex quocumque licito tuiaeu illicito 
 ciiitu conjuncta, dummodo relicta dicti 
 fr_'.ria non fuerit; ac etiam ai cognatione 
 apirituali aut legali tibi conjuncta extiterit, et 
 irapedimentum publtrse honestatia justitin 
 aubaiitat, matrimonium liceat contrahere, 
 et in eo liberd remanere, et ex eo prolem 
 legitimam auacipere poatia. Quare pro 
 parte tu& aaaerentia ex antiquia dironiota 
 regni conatarc, in ipao regno qu&m plurima 
 gravisiima bella sepd exorta, et chriatianam 
 pacem et concordiam violatem fuiaae propter 
 impioa hominea, aeu deteatand& regnandi 
 et dominandi libidtne exincatoa, confln- 
 gentea ex juatia at legitimia quorundam 
 progenitorum tuoruut AnfYiee regum nuptiia 
 prooreatoa tllegitimoa fore, propter aliquod 
 conaanguinitatia vel affinitatia conflctum 
 impedimentum, et propterek inhabilea eaa« 
 ad regni aunceaaionem.indeque miaerandam 
 prinoipum ao prooerum et populorum aub- 
 ditorum atragem fuiaae aecutam; nobia 
 fuit humiliter aupplicatum, at regni tui, 
 tuorumque aubditorum tranquilliuti et 
 paci in primia conadlen, et tantia malia 
 obviare, ac aliiu in pnemiaaia opportuna 
 remedia adhibere de benignitate apoatolici 
 di^naremur. Noa, qui omnium regum, 
 piffisertim Mi^eatatia tuta, ob ejua qu&m 
 plurima et immenaa in nos et aanctam 
 aedem, in qu& permiaaione divinA aedemua 
 collocata benefloia, dam ab iniqaiuimia 
 pestilentiaaimorum hominum oonatibua, 
 qui eam partlm viribua at aceleratA audaciA 
 partim perveraA doctrina labefactare molie- 
 bantur, atrenuiiaimd cum viribua et giadio, 
 tdm calamo etiam et eruditione taA vindi> 
 care in diea non ceaaaa ; petitionee pneaer- 
 tim aalutem animarum ooncernentea, quao- 
 
 tbm cum Deo poaanmua, ad exanditionia 
 grutiam libenter admittimiia, eorumqiio 
 honeatia voti« faventia annuiinua, ex pr»- 
 miaaia et nuUia aliia nobia notia oauiia 
 hujuamodi inulinati, tecum, ut ai contingat 
 matrimonium cum prnfatA CatharinA, aTiAa 
 contraotum nullum fuitae at eaee declarari, 
 teque ah ilio vinculo legitimd ahiolvi, uuA 
 qu&oumque muliere, ipsaque mulier tecum, 
 dummodo propter hoc rapta non fuerit, 
 etiamai mulier ipia talia ait, qusa prii^a cum 
 alio matrimonium contraxerit, dummodd 
 illud carnali copulit non fuerit conaumma- 
 tum; etiamai ilia tibi alike aecundo aut 
 remotiori conaanguinitatia, aut primo alfl- 
 nitatia gradu, etikm ex qiiooumque licito 
 vel illicito coitu pruveniente invicem con* 
 juncta, dummodd relicU dioti fratria tui 
 non fuerit, ut praafertur, etiamai cogna- 
 tionia apiritualia, aut legalia et publica 
 honeitatia juatitise impedimentum subaiatat, 
 et tibi conjuncta exiatat, matrimonium lioiti 
 contrahere, et poatquim contractum, ftierit, 
 in eo aic oontracto, etiamai illud inter te et 
 ipaam muUerem jam de facto publici vel 
 olandeatind contractum, et carnali copulA 
 eonaummatum fuerit. licitd remanere vale, 
 atia; auctoriute apoatolicA, et ex certA 
 noatrA acientiA, et de apoatolicas poteatatia 
 plenitudine, tenore pratcntiam diapenaa- 
 mua, prolem indd forakn auaceptam et aua* 
 ■cipiendam, legitimam fore decementea i 
 non obatantibua prohibitionibua juria 
 divini, et eonatitntlonibua et ordinibua 
 aliia quibuacumque in contrarium editia, 
 quibaa, quantikm apoatoliea auotoritaa ae 
 exteiidit, illia aliter in aao robore perman. 
 auria, quoad hoo spedaliter et expreaa^ 
 derogamua; diatriotii^a inbibentea, et in 
 virtute aaneta obedientias expreaai manda- 
 mua aab interminatione divini judicii, ao 
 aub poenA anathematia, aliiaqae eccleaiaa- 
 tioia aententiia, cenaurii, et poenia, quaa 
 ex nunc prout ex tunc, et i converao ferimua 
 et promalgamua in hia aoriptia, ne quia- 
 quam in poaterikm allum impedimentum 
 priBcontract&a matrimunialia non conaum- 
 mati, conaanguinitatia in aecundo aut 
 remotiori, affinitatia primo gradu, ut pro- 
 fertur cognationia apiritualia aut legalia, 
 aeu juatitin publicaa honeatatia impedi- 
 mentia praedictia adveraiim liberos tuoa, 
 quoa ex quocumque niatrimonio, rigore 
 
 mmmSf&tJiA:.-j 
 
r 
 
 41t 
 
 APPIVDIZ. 
 
 piWMDtium eontrahrado, Dal btnlKnitoto 
 ■UMeperit, ptlkm val oooultd, in Judioio rel 
 extrk, illud allaKtre. pruponere, aut objicen, 
 •(u verbo rel facto diffamaN pneauro%t, aut 
 qnooumqua modo attemptct. Nulli argo 
 homini, etc. Datum in urb« vatari 10 
 ealand.Januarii MDXXVI!. 
 
 Papa Rom. 
 Clement. VII. 4. 
 Anno Christ! 
 1527. 
 
 Arebiap. Cant. 
 OuUiel. Warliam, 2a. 
 Reg. AiiirliM. 
 Hanrio. VIII., 19. 
 
 II] 
 
 Primum bmt CUmentit VII. 
 (p. aiX).) 
 
 Univiriii et aingulia ad quoi pnnantM 
 Uttara parvenerint, Salutem et Apoatnlioam 
 banedieiionena, Eipnni nobia nnpar facit 
 ehariaaima in Chriato fliia noatra Catba- 
 rina Anglia Regina illuvtriia., qu6d ali4a 
 poatqukm validitiitls aeu invalidiutia ma- 
 trimonii ax diapanaatione ApoatolicA, inter 
 Reginam ipaaro, et ohariaaimum in Chriato 
 fliium noatrum, Henricuni Anglia Regem 
 Uluatria. et fidei defenaoram moltia jiim 
 decuraia annit prola auacpptA oontntcti, 
 at paoiAci oontinuati, ipaii^nqua diapqnaa> 
 tionia, no inter eoa dirortiioauaia, ex noatro 
 paatorali officio, dilactia filiia Thoma aanci^ 
 CaoiliiB, et Laurentio aaneta Maria in t»na 
 Tiberim Preabiteria Cardinalibua, in Regno 
 Angle, noatria, et Apoatolica aedia Legaiia 
 de Latere, omni reeuutiune, et appellation* 
 ramotia, per eoa in aodem Regno cognoa- 
 cendta, et decidendia par noa oomroiaaia, 
 dictiaque Rege, et RaginA ex eorumdem 
 Cardinaiium officio, et mandato, oertia di« 
 et looo in joa Tocatia eadem Regina corikm 
 •iadem Cardinalibua, et legatia companntea, 
 ipaoa ez loco,etperaoni8, ao aliia auapecto* 
 reeusaTerat, at ab eoram dtacione, et eo* 
 minato procaaau, ad noa et aedam Apoato- 
 lioun pluriea appeliarerat, etm ipai CardU 
 nalea, et Legati, oinnibaa hie Mjeetia, ae 
 Jadieea oompetentaa et ad ulterioria in 
 oauaia ipaia per eofc prwcedi poeae, et debera 
 daclaraaaent, ipaa Regina ab hi^uamodi 
 declaratione appellana, illicentiata recea- 
 aerat, ipaique Cardinalea, et Legati comtk 
 earn ut contumacem k jurium et teatinm 
 reeeptione procunton ipaiua Regia pat- 
 
 aanta ae allaa praceaiiarant. Noa ut dicta 
 oauaa aina luipiciona proceiierent, lllaa rt 
 pradioUruM apixllatiunum. ad iptiua Re. 
 gina auppliealionam, dalecto filio Magistro 
 Paula Capliuolo Capallano noatro at oauaa- 
 ram Palatii Apoatoliei auditori. par eum 
 audiendu, at nobIa rafarandaa, etiam oum 
 poteatata Regem ipaum, ct alioa oilandi, ae 
 aia at dictia Cardinalbua inhibandi atihm 
 aub oanauria at pania, etikm peouniariii, 
 atiitm Iter edletum publicum, oonatito aum> 
 marii at axtrajudlcialitar da noatro tuto 
 aocasau, et aliiw commiaimua, ipaaque 
 Paulua auditur, oonatito atbi da non tu«o 
 aooaaau eiutionam ipaam cum inhibitiona 
 aub oanauria ae dacem milium ducatoruin, 
 auri, poenia paredictum publicum, in oeitia 
 locia alma Urhia nostra, at in partihua, in 
 Collegiuta Iteata Mana Brugansi*. Ttima- 
 censis, et parrochialls da Dumlirech, oppi. 
 dorum Morinanaia diacaaium Eceleaiannn 
 valvia affigandum dacravit, at in aia pra- 
 misia lagiiima aseouta fUarint, ao dioto 
 Regi at aliia omnibua, na in prajudicium 
 litia ac Jurium dioia Regina inierim 
 aliquid innovarent, mani!atum fuit, ttvo- 
 eatia pojtalk, quoad ipsum Regem, panis 
 at oanauria, in citatiine, at inhibiiiona 
 ippositia. Cjkm nutum pro parte ^juadem 
 Regina nobia danu6 expoHitum luerit, 
 ad ejua aurea perveniaaa, -Regem ipsum 
 lite hi\)ttainodi ao inhibitiona at mandato 
 kibl factia non obatantibui, aa Jaotora 
 ad aecundaa nuptiaa da facto davirire 
 rallei in non modioum ipaiua Regina 
 prajudicium, ao in ipaiua Regia yxima 
 parniciemi qaara pro parte ipaiua St.. m 
 nobia fuit bumiliter auppSioatum, ut njua 
 honori ac ipaiua Regia anima aaluti eon- 
 aulert, alikaqua in pramiaaia oportuni pro< 
 vidara, de benignitata ApoatoIioA digna* 
 rtmnr. Noa itaqua attendeiitea, Juatis at 
 honaatia petitionibua, noatram aaaanaum 
 denagari non poaat, ht^uamodi aupplica- 
 tioniboa inelinati aaetoritata ApoatolicA pro 
 hoe noatram edietum publionm, its audientil 
 noatrA contradictaram pubiicandum, ao 
 earondam Boolraiarum valvia ad&if«ndum, 
 etm alike prafato Paulo auditori conati- 
 terit, ad illud eidem Regi intimandum, non 
 patera Mceaaum, prout etikm de prasenli 
 non pateat, eidem Regi ic quiboavia utri- 
 uaque aaxua, atikm ^us doneatioia, ac etiam 
 
 ""'n'tfyuresn^tai 
 
; 
 
 APriMOlX. 
 
 418 
 
 ■ceiNartnt. Noi uk dicta 
 licionii proceilerent, illii rt 
 |)«ll«tiunum, ad ipiius Re. 
 ntiD, dalecto filio MaKistro 
 CkptllaDo noatro at oauaa- 
 }itoliel auditori, par cum 
 >bia referandaa, atian oum 
 
 ipaum, ct alioa oiUndi, ac 
 rdinalbua iohtbandi atikm 
 
 pcinia, etikm paounUriii, 
 m publicum, oonatito aum> 
 idlcialitar da noatro tuto 
 Iw commiaimua, Ipaaqua 
 
 oonatito atbi da non tuto 
 im ipaaro cum inhibitiona 
 lacem milium ducatorum, 
 idietum publicum, in oeitia 
 I no8tr», at in partihiii, in 
 t Marin BriiKaniiiii, Torna- 
 hiallt d« Dumlirech, oppi. 
 lia diotceaium Eccleaiarmn 
 n dooravit, at in eia |>r«- 
 exeoutft Aierint, m diclo 
 nibua, na in prKJudicium 
 
 dioiM Ragina intarim 
 int, mani!atum fuit, rrvo< 
 load ipaum Regam, |>ani( 
 
 citatline, at inhibiiiona 
 Autumpro parta ^uadem 
 
 danu6 ezpoititum lurrit, 
 IMrveniaae, Regem ip«um 
 10 inbibittona at mandato 
 
 obatantUiua, aa Jaotora 
 uptiaa da facto davirire 
 modioum ipaiua Regin« 
 9 in ipaiua Rrgia a'ximc 
 a pro parta ipaiua F >;. )• 
 liter auppiioatum, ut ijua 
 I Ragia aniina aaluti con- 
 in pramiaaia oportuni pro< 
 gnitata Apoatolidi dignv 
 qua attendcLtaa, Juatia at 
 nibua, noatrum aaaanaum 
 laaa, lit^uamodi aupplica- 
 I auetoritata ApoatolicA pro 
 itum publioum, iu audientil 
 ;tarum publicandum, ao 
 liarum yalvia adaifendum, 
 ito Paulo auditori ooniti- 
 lam Regi intimandum, non 
 . prout atilim da praaenli 
 (m Rejfi ie quiboavia utri- 
 m tjioB doiaeatioia, ac aiiam 
 
 Conaillarlta, Sacratariia, at aliia qoibuaoum- 
 qua atatua, gradua, dlgnitatia, etaxcellentia 
 paraonia, dittricti interdicimua, prohibemut, 
 at diatriotiita inhibaniua, oranem omnind 
 lieentiam. notastatem et faoultatem ab aii 
 aufarantea i ne aub majoria excomraunica' 
 tioni*. et tuspenaionia, ac etikm omnium 
 Cathedralinm, et Metropoliunarum Eccle- 
 aiarum, et locorum aacularium, at quo- 
 rumvia ordinum rtgularium dicti Rexni 
 interdictl inviolabiliter obaarvandi, et quo- 
 rumvia Ecclemaatienrum dignitatum, feu- 
 dorum, beneflciorum, et bonorum aacula- 
 rium, et Ecdeaiaaticorum, ac inhabiliuiia 
 ad ea, et quacumquo alia in poaterikm ob- 
 tlnenda, lata aententia, poenia, eo ipao ai 
 contrit fecerint, vel eorum aliquia contrii 
 feoerit ineurrendia, ipao Rex antequlim per 
 debium, et flnalem Utia et cauaa hujua- 
 modi azpeditionem clar4 liqueat id aibi 
 Uccre da jure, cum aliqufc muliere cujua- 
 cumqna dignitatia et exeellentia etiam 
 vigora ei^uavia deauper foraan aibi nut tali 
 mulieri, aut aliAa quomodolibot etikm per 
 noa aut aadem pradictam coneeaaa, ral 
 eoncedenda contrahendi licentia, aut con* 
 tracti approbationa, nac aliqua mulirr cum 
 4odam Reg* natrimoninm val aponaalia 
 contmhera, nac foraan oontracta, at ooo- 
 aummata, etilim prole auacepti oontinuare, 
 neo Sacretarii, Conailiarii, Pralati mt qua- 
 cumqna alii ictanaae ne de eia ae intro- 
 miiten quoquo mode praaunwnt, nee 
 eorum aliquia praaumat, inbibendo etiam 
 jiradictia Cardinalibua at Lagatia. ac aliia 
 qnibaacanqoe ne da onuria pradiotia aut 
 dioto matrimoniooomminato, etikm nomine 
 Lcigatomm, aut priratim, aut alio quo- 
 ecmqne mod'i ae intromittant. Sed c&m 
 atikm lite pendente, nullne debeat poeaea- 
 aione eoi^ugii, aut debiti eoqjugalis apo- 
 liari, idem Rez ut prinoipem, et ChriatiaBum 
 Catbolienni deoet, dietam Regmam eom- 
 pleotendtt illam anb dietia pmnia afleotione 
 maritali tractet in ombibua et per omnia 
 prout idem Regi ecnrenit, et finem Utia 
 ■ui aoliti prudentii p«tieBter ezpectet 
 C&m Juri oonveniat litem proaequi et ma- 
 ritalea nffMtua praatare, neo ante flnem 
 Utia Rex ipee aUoujua auaaiona aut coneilio, 
 eonaciantiam laaam habere allegara, aut 
 aflirmare valeat, oiun de hie jndicare ad 
 eum non pertineat, praaertim cAm Regi- 
 
 nam ipaam, pro vaim ronjuge habovrit, «t 
 tractaverit, et in paciflcA poaiteaaione hujua- 
 rooili matrimonii, cum prolii auaceptione 
 fuerit, et proptereli ai Rex prafatua, vel 
 alii, inhibitiuni ac prohibitioni ct interdirto 
 hujuamodi contrkvenerint, Rf((fm ipaum 
 ac alioa omnea Mupradictoa aententiaa, cen- 
 aurag, st poanaa pradiclas, ex nunc prout 
 ax tune incurriaae declaramua, et ut talea 
 publicari ac pubUc^ nunciari et evitari, ao 
 interdietum per totum Reirnum Anglia, 
 aub dietia poenia obaervari debere, volu- 
 mua, atque mandamua. Quocirck vobia, 
 et aingulia veatrum etikm in JigniUte con- 
 atitutia, aub exoommunicationia lata aen- 
 tentia poenA diatrieti pracipiendo manda- 
 mua, quatenfta poatqukm praaentea ad 
 Toa pervenerint, aeu vobia praaentata 
 fuerint, et eomraodd poteritia, eaadem pra- 
 aentea Utteraa in dici4 au'lientiA contr*. 
 dictarum publicari, et valvia earumdem 
 Bocleaiarum afflifi, ec pauUaper inde amo- 
 yeri, et earum copiam ooUationatam eiadem 
 yalvia affioam dimittere, et demikm auper 
 publioatione, et afflsiona praaentium litte- 
 rarum et illarum copia afflxa dimiuione. 
 publicn et autbenticn inatrumrnta, mann 
 publici Notarii, eotkm teatibua fieri faciatie, 
 at de hia omnibua ae aliia qua in pramiaaia 
 per \''oe geau fuerint, noa aeu PMulum 
 ipaum auditorem oertiorea reddere our»> 
 bitia. Noa enim praaentium litteraru.ii 
 publioationam, affixionem, et eopia dimie- 
 aionem per voa fadendaa, poatqulim (keta 
 fuerint, eoadem Regem et alioa pradictoe 
 et eorum quemlibet, contrit primun inters 
 dictixm ct aUa pramiaaa factum vel attea- 
 utum fuerit, nullum penitito et inyalidon. 
 nulliuaqni roboria, rel momenti eaae, ae 
 interdiotum noatrum hi^uamodi, et aUa 
 pramiaaa praaenteaqne noatraa litteraa, et 
 qua ez eia foraan se>jiaerentur, etilun eum 
 totali earum inaerti<.'><ta nullatenua revocari, 
 auapendi, deiogari, Umitari, reatringi, mo- 
 difleari, aut dedarari poaae, ti'u^m rootu et 
 ex eerti aoientiftae de ApoatoUtne poteatatie 
 plenitudine flet, nulUua mcmenti eziatereb 
 niai ad ipaiua prafata Regina apedalia et 
 expreaaiua aeeedat aaaenaua, decemimua. 
 ete. Datum Bononia anb Annulo Piaca- 
 toria, die tii Maitii M. D. XXX. Poit^ 
 flcaiua noatri anno aeptimo. 
 
 8ie iubicr^Htm. Evanoelmta. 
 
 iti tkitgf& ims&^i" 
 
414 
 
 AI'i'KMDIS. 
 
 [K.] 
 
 Sfcufkdim breve CItmenlu VII. 
 
 (p. 913.) 
 
 Univiriiii et linKulii pimantei LUtvrti 
 inip«cturii, Salutein ct Apoitolicam bene- 
 (tictionem Expuni nobi» nuper fecit charii- 
 ■iina in Chrikto filia no«tra CathBrina Rfgina 
 Angli* I Uuatr., qud<l UoelaliiM noi poitquikm 
 eautarn ct oauiat recutatiunii ac appalla- 
 tionit et appolhtionum ac validiutia teu 
 invahditatis Matrimonii, ex Hii-v .iiationa 
 Apoatoliei inter Reginam ipaam et obariiai- 
 niuin in Chriato fliium uostrum Henhcum 
 AnglioiB lUgem illuitriii. et fidei defonao* 
 rem, inultii jam decurtii annia prolo luaoepti 
 contract! et pacific^ continuali, ipaiusque 
 diipeniationii, ac inter eot divortii dilecto 
 Alio nottro Laurentiu aancta) Marin in trana 
 Tiberim et Bo. Me. Tbomie lancta Cicilin 
 Preabjrteria Cardinalibiia, in llegno Anglia, 
 tunc noatria et ApottolicK Sedia Legatio da 
 Latere, omni recuaatione et appellatione 
 remotia, per eoa in eodf m regno cognoacen- 
 daa, per noa commiaaaa, ab ipsis C'.rdinalibua 
 tune Legatia, ad noa et Sedem Apostolicara, 
 pro parte ipaiua Regins interpoaite et inter- 
 poaiUrum, ad ipaiua Reginw aupplicatio- 
 nem, dilecto filio Magiatro Paulo Capisucio 
 Capellano notro et cauaarum Palatii Apoa- 
 toliei auditor!, per eum audiendaa, et eorkin 
 nobia in Conaiatorio noalro aecreto referen- 
 daa nobia, etikm cum poteatate Regum 
 ipaium et alioa oitandi, ac rin et dictia Car- 
 dinalibua et Legatis inhibendi, etikin aub 
 cenauria et poenia etiSlm pecuniariia, eti&m 
 per ediotum publicum, conatito auramarii, 
 at extrajudicialiter de non tuto acceaau, et 
 alike commiaeramun, ipaeque Pdulua au- 
 ditor, conatito aibi de non tuto acceaan, 
 citationem ipaam cum inhibitione, aub cen- 
 auria ac decern miUium ducatorun avA 
 pcenia per edictum publicum in certi* ' t-sb 
 almn Urbia noatne, et in partibua, ir. Holle- 
 giata Beats Mariie Brngenaia, T . naceuaia 
 Dioaoeaia, Bodeaiarum valvi.? .^;.J.».)ndum 
 decreverat, et in eia pnemiaaa ligMaA exe- 
 cuta, ac dictia Regi et aliia omdi^xv^, ne in 
 prajndidum litia et jurium dittos <tt,<InB 
 interim aliquid innovarent mandatum iwu, 
 lieat ifvocatia poauk quoad ipauu! K'rem 
 paoia et cenauria in inhibitione, iv 'fn- 
 queationem ipaiua Reginw nobia aaaeientia 
 
 ad ejua aurta perveniaae, Kagem ipanm 
 lite pendente ac iniiibitiona et mamlato 
 aibi factia prvdictia non obatantibua, a« 
 Jactare ad aecundaa nuptiaa de facto d<iva> 
 nire velle, in ipiiui Rfgina pnejudicium 
 non modicum, ac Rrgia prndtctt aninie 
 periculumt cupientea pront noatro paato- 
 rali incuinbebat officio, priemiaaia provi- 
 dere, eidem Regi, ac quibuavia utriuaque 
 aex(ia et^am illu>* domeaticia ac et<am Con- 
 ailiiit-iia aecretia, et aliia cii^uacumqne atalAa, 
 gradAa, dignitatia, et excelleniiiB peraonia 
 diatrib^ per aliaa noatraa in form! brevia, 
 aub ■\lk Dononin die aeptimA Marlii, Pon* 
 tiBoatfta noatri anno aeptiroo, interdixcri- 
 mua, prohibuerimua, et diatrlotila inhibue- 
 rimua, omnem licentiam, poteaUlem, et 
 fiacultaum ab eia auferentea, ne aub majoria 
 exoommunicationia, auapenaionia et aliia 
 aantentiia et oenaurii, etikm interdict! appo- 
 aitionia et ipaarum peraonarum inhabiluatia 
 et aliia poenia ai contrk feoiaaent incurrrn- 
 dia, ipae Rex ne antaqukm per deliitara et 
 finalem litia et cauaaa ht^uamodi expedi- 
 tionem dar^ Uqueret. id aibi licent de jure, 
 eum aliquli rouliere cti^uacumque dixniutia 
 et excellentiw, etikm vigore cujuavia dia- 
 pcnaationia, etifcm Apoatolicap nibi vel eidem 
 mulieri, etikm per noa conceaniB aut deauper 
 quomodft libet obtenta vel obtinend» ma- 
 trimonium vel aponaalia contrahere, vtl 
 forakn contraota et conaummata, etikm 
 prole auaceptA continuare, peraonn verd 
 priedicte ne illia intereaie nee de eia ae in- 
 troinittere pneaumerent, etikin illia ac 
 Cardinalibua, Legatia, ae aliia quibuaque 
 inhibendo. ne do praedictia aut dicto Matri- 
 monio eomminato, etikm aub nomine Lega- 
 lorum aut privatiro, aut alio quocumque 
 modo praaaumerent, pxout in eiadem littaria 
 pleniika oontinetur. Nihilominita etikm 
 poat earumdem litterarum noatrarum in 
 looia praedictia publicationem, affixiouem et 
 executionem, quod non abaque animi noatri 
 diaplicenlik intelleximua, adhuc Begem 
 ipaum Ut« et ilUua ad noa adrooatione, in- 
 hibitione, interdicto, prohibitione et man- 
 datia noatria praediotla non obatantibua, ad 
 aecundaa nuptiaa de feeto devenire, ae in 
 cauak et oauaia pnediotia etikm per non- 
 nulloa pnetenaoa judicea aeu peraonaa in 
 Ulia partibua prooedi, et atttntare velle, in 
 non medicum ipaiua Rcginac pnrjudicium 
 
veniiw), K«gem ipsnin 
 inliibitiona et lOMdiito 
 ,ia non obtUntibui, M 
 
 I nuptiu de ftoto di)v*> 
 
 II Rrgina prnjudicium 
 Krgi* prwdicti ftuiniie 
 
 le* proiit nottro pMto- 
 iiioio, prnmiuii provi- 
 
 ac quihusvii uthuiqua 
 omeiticis ac et<am Con- 
 iliia oii^uacumque atatAi, 
 
 et excelleniiiB peraonia 
 nootriM in furm4 hrevis, 
 liu atptimA Marlii, Pon< 
 no aeptiroo, interdixeri* 
 a, et diatrlotila inhibue- 
 entiam, poteatalem, et 
 iferentea, ne aub majoria 
 , auapenaionia et aliia 
 ia, etikm iiiterdicti appo- 
 peraonarum inhabilkatia 
 ntrk feoiaaent incurrrn- 
 ilequkm per deliitara et 
 iiue hujuamudi expedi- 
 Bt, id aibi licent de jure, 
 
 cti^uioumque dixnitiitia 
 im vigore cujiiavia dio- 
 kpoitolicse Hibi vel eidem 
 oa oonceaoie aut deauper 
 snta vel obtinends ma- 
 unaalia contrshere, vtl 
 et conaummau, eti4m 
 ^tiiiuare, peraonae verd 
 iteresie nee de eia ae in- 
 nerent, etikin illia K 
 itia, ae aliia quibuaque 
 rasdiotia aut dicto Matri- 
 etiiitn aub nomine Lef^a- 
 n, aut alio quocumque 
 ., prout in eiadem littaria 
 Nihilominita etiiun 
 ttenmiin noatrarum in 
 licfttionem, affiziouem et 
 non abaque animi noaui 
 mimua, adhuo Regem 
 
 ad noa adrooatione, in- 
 », probibitione et man- 
 Btia non obatantibua, ad 
 Je facto devenire, ae in 
 wdictia eti&ro per non- 
 judicea aeu peraonaa in 
 idi, et attdntare velle, in 
 ua RcgiiiK pnrjudiciuin 
 
 AP?i'NOII. 
 
 415 
 
 ac R«Ria prwdicti anima peHoulum. noa- 
 trique ct Sedia Apoatolica inandatoriim 
 ronteinptum i qiiare pro parte ipMua 
 Rigina nobia fuit humilitcr aupplicatiim, 
 lit eju* honori ao ipiiua Regie aniinro laiuti, 
 totiURqiie Regnl tranqiiilitaii conaulerc, 
 •landaliifque qua exinile oriri po«ient ob- 
 viate, aHi&que in prainiiaia oppurturid 
 providare, de Apuitolicll dignitnte dignare- 
 roui. Nw« igitiir altendoJitea juatiH et 
 honeatia |»ctitiiinibua, nomruin a»iieniiuin 
 denegare oon debem, bujumnodi auppi-ju- 
 tionibua Incliimti, aucloritate Apoatohcft, de 
 venerabiliuin fratrum noatrnruin anncta 
 Ilumana Ecoleiia CardiuHlium conailio 
 puriter et aaienmi, aub imtantia decreti 
 poenA, per boo nostrum edictum publicum 
 in audlentiA noitrA contradictarum denu6 
 publicandum, ac earumdem Eccleaiarum 
 valvia afflgenduin, cum aliiM pnefato Paulo 
 auditori conatitent, ad illud eidem Regi 
 intimandum non pateru acceaaum, prout de 
 praaenti, non patat, eidem Regi, et quibua- 
 vii utriuaque aeziU eti&m illiua domeaticia, 
 et aecretariia, ac ipaiu8 Regni, eliim Can- 
 tiiarienai legnto nato, et aliia primatibua, 
 Arcliiepiaoopia, Bpiacopia, ao etikm Conai- 
 liariia aacretia, CunaiUia. Parlamentia, Uni- 
 veraiutibua, CoUegiia etilim ^^ :-um et 
 aliiit quibuacumque, cujuacumt .. • itiia, 
 gradfta, ordinla, conditionia, dig^ ' et 
 excellentia .leraonia et juaticibua, quo.;um- 
 que nomine nuncupsaa, dignitate fulgcn- 
 tibua et auctoritata funoturii, diatrictd, 
 inteHicimua, prohibrmua, et diatrictiia 
 inbibemua omnem omnind licentiam po- 
 testatem, et facultatem ab eia auferentea, 
 ne aub mijoria rscommioationia et aua> 
 penaionia, ao quorumvia Eccleaiarum, Dig- 
 nitalum, Fendorum, Beneficiorum, Offl- 
 ciorum, et bonorum Ecdesiaaticorum, et 
 Secularium, ac inhabiliutia ad ra et qua- 
 cumque alia in poaterOm obtinenda, lata 
 aententia poania eo ipao ai contrA fecerint, 
 vel eorum aliquia eontii feoerit inourrendia ; 
 ipoe Rex ne antequlm per debitam et 
 flnalem litia ot cauaa hujuamodi expedi- 
 tionem olari liqueat id aibi licere de jure, 
 cum aliqi muliore cujuacuroque digniutia 
 et ezoellentia. etikm vigore cujuavia deauger 
 foraan aibi aut tali mulieri, aut alikii quero- 
 libet etikm per noa et aedrm pradictam 
 conceaaa vel concedenda. contrahendi 
 
 lieencia, aui eontracti approbationia, nee 
 aliqua mulier cum eodein hege Mtitriino- 
 niura vel aponaalia contrahere, vel f>ir»kn 
 ciintrnoia et conauininata, eti&m prule aua- 
 ci^i&ciintinuare; inliiltrndnetiAm pradictia 
 vel qiiibuavia aliia etikin Parlamentia ne de 
 lite ct oaua4 huJuMinudi et aliia praiiictia ao 
 dicto Matrimoniu comrainato, etiknv aub 
 nomine legatorum aut privatiin, aut alio 
 quocumque in'idu ae intromittat. 8ed cum 
 etiam lite pendente nuUui debrat poaata- 
 aione coi\]ugii et debiii coiijiigatia apoliari, 
 idem Rex ut talem Principem et Chriatia- 
 imm Catholicum decet diolain Reginam 
 mariuli tractet avfeutione. et litem ipaam 
 corkin ipao Paulo legitime proaequatur, et 
 illiua flnem aua aulit4 piudentii patienter 
 exppctet i propterek ai Rex prafatua vel alii 
 inhibitiuni, proliibitioni, et interdicto lii^ua- 
 modi cuntravenerit, tale Mntriinnnium aeu 
 aponaalia ao omnia et aingub lira per 
 Regem qukin peraunaR, Parlamentn, Uni- 
 veraitatea, Ccllrgia, et Judicen prafatoa, et 
 qnoacumquu alioa geata et facta praaumpta 
 vel attenuta, tanqukm nullo, irrita, et 
 inania, de limilhui conailio, et aaaenau irri- 
 tamua et annullamua, ac prolem ex tali 
 conjugio oonceptam, genitaro, auaoeptaro, 
 concipiendam, vel auacipiendam tanquikm 
 in malA fide et illegitimd ao ex adulterio 
 natam, illegitimam fore et decemimua ; 
 Regemque ipaum ac alioa omnea aupra- 
 diotoa, aententiaa, cenauraa et pania pro- 
 dictaa, ex nunc prout ex tunc incurrisae 
 declaramua, et ut Ulea publioari, ac public^ 
 nunciari et evitari debere, volumua atque 
 mandamua. Quocirca vobia et aingulia 
 veatrum etikm in digniute conatitutia, aub 
 excommunicationia lata aententia pan&, 
 diatrict^, praoipiendo mandamua, quatenika 
 poatqukm praaentea ad voe purvenerint, 
 aeu vobia praaeniata fuerint, et commodA 
 poteritia, eaadem praaentea litteraa in dictA 
 audientik contradictarum publicari, et 
 valvia earumdem Eccleaiarum affigi, at 
 pauliaper inde amoveri, et earum copiam 
 ooUationatam eiadem valvia affixam dimit- 
 tere, et demitm auper publicatione, et 
 affixione et dimiaaione, publira et antheo- 
 tica inatrumenta manu prcpriA Notaiii 
 corkm testibua fieri faciatia, et de hia omni« 
 bua ac aliia qua in pramiaaia per voa KMta 
 fuerint, noa aeu Paulum auditorem pr»« 
 
 (iMiWI&«'VA«#We'4l 
 
 taateiKm 
 
411 
 
 ArPINDIS. 
 
 dirlum, esHiora* r«i1d«r« cunbitii i noa 
 tniiii prH««nlluin littorirum publioationem, 
 •fBxionRia tt oupi* dimiMionam par voa 
 faaoianiJda, poatquk.n facta (uertnt coadam 
 ReK«ia ei sUoa aupradictoa peHnda arc»ar«, 
 %o ai prvMcntea omninque in a)a eonianta, aia 
 pcraunaliicr inti'iaU, ao illaruni cupia aU 
 data, tradita ^t ilimiaaa fuUaant, at nihiIcK 
 ininiia q< /.cquld par Rtgem at alioi pra>- 
 diotoa, at torum quemlibat, o^mtri praiiiiaa« 
 ikotum va, (Hum fuarit, nullum p«nit(ka «>( 
 Invalidum, nulhuaqua roboria val momanti 
 dacarnimua, noo obataniibua, ate. 
 
 Datum Roma apud aanctum Patrum 
 •ub annulo Ptaoatorka, dia qulnti Januari 
 MDXXXI, Pontifloatua noatri anno octavo. 
 
 Sic aubtoritum. EvANUiiLiaTA. 
 
 Iiam at aic daoraum dia x Januarii 
 MDXXXI. 
 
 K. (bie.) 
 
 Tirlium Brn* CUwuntit VII. 
 
 (p. 833.) 
 
 Crariisimi in Chriato flli noitar, 
 Balutcm at Apoatolicam benedictionem. 
 Magno aumua in dolora, quod aarenitatam 
 luam quam aampar antek pientiaaimur > 
 Uiam noatrum, at hi^jua aancta Sedia par 
 ■pazimua, at omni tampora da aobia bani 
 neritum fuiaae raeordamur, ab hoo tanlitm 
 biennio proximo citrli, immutatMi aaaa aina 
 latioaabili eau«A videmaa. C&m tamen noa 
 (id quod var ' '.)4 d)car« poaaumua) nihil 
 •rgk aun neq&a io afftetu, nequa in 
 napectu aoantiaaimi Puria immutati fueri- 
 nuai moitftaatem majore MUgmurmoleatiA, 
 qu6d Pnatorali officio adducti, at juttitiat 
 ntiona aatricti quioqnam agareet dacarnera 
 oogimur, quod aaraniuti tua diapliceat, 
 eui aanA aamper plaoara at aKtiahear* daai- 
 dtramua. Verikmqaid agemaa? Naglig*- 
 aoana Joititiam et anima tua aaluteml 
 An pottita pilvatoa afeetoa tnoa noatroaqae 
 paUida ntionibna at diTina Toluntati ante* 
 ftnmua \ Sic deoat, fili, aic potitM flat k 
 nobia, nao tkn quid in praaena ta javet, 
 qukm quid tuo honori, officio, juatitiaqua 
 eonrankt parpendamua. Veniat enim teni- 
 poa, raniat, nac longum erit, aiout in Do* 
 aino confldimoa, cim Cub aeraniiaa, hoe 
 BttbUo anoria quo nunc obducitnr depulao, 
 lM«itat^ll• aibi looa varitatia, vataram 
 
 nobia b«n«vnl«nti*m auam, quam mastrai 
 faoimua reitituat, fatabariaqua, id quoti eit, 
 noa as public4 paraonA noairA niiiil aliud 
 facart, qukm quoil facimua, ^stuiaaa. Iini> 
 atiam indulgcntiure* altt|uanda fuitaa, qubm 
 Juatitia atvnritaa rtpottulat. Fotaa aniin, 
 Ali in Chriito ohanaaiine, roaminiava, oOin 
 tu ab bine quadrt«nnia 4 nubta atu<liu»4 
 oontandiaaaa, ut legatura noatrum in Ri'k* 
 num tuum mittaramut, aiquattaiicrilaKaio 
 tunc in tuo aodam RcKno aiiatcnti, cautam 
 validiutia Matrimonii intar ta et charitti- 
 mam in Chriato flliam noctram Caiharinam 
 Anglia Raginam, olim contracti, ac par 
 riginti annna tit ultrA oontinuali, comroitta* 
 raraua, nua atai id aubiniquum vidabatur 
 oauiam ad prauc* tuaa in tuo ragno cum- 
 mittara, tamen tua voluntati moram gaaai- 
 mua, ao then dii^ eamdem causam ibi maoera 
 permiaimua, dunce pro parte R^gina ap- 
 pellato, Juramaotuque borreacentia praa- 
 tiio, cauaam eamdem, oon in Regnia aut 
 dominiia nap<'um Regina, aut aliia in 
 quibua Regina potior favuribua eaaet, varu.n 
 Roma in communi orbia ohriatiani patriA, 
 atque in noatro Rota auditorio oommiaimu*, 
 nobia puataA at aacro CoUegio vcnarabilium 
 Frutrum ooatroram, S. R. E. Cardinalium 
 referendam, ae k nobis at aiotia Cardmali- 
 bua decidendam; quo pendente Judioio, 
 eiiin tu nihil innovara val atientare in pra- 
 judicium Utiapondantia debuiaaea, eooe no< 
 bia non solitm ipaiua Regina lamantabili 
 querelA, veriun atikm muttorum littaria et 
 teetimoniia affcrtur, te non expactati ulte< 
 riore noetri declaiatione, ipaam Reginam A 
 tuA eohabitationa aeparAaaa, et quarodam 
 Annam in tuum eontnbernium et coliabita* 
 tionam pubUoam reoapiaae. Qua raa citm 
 divinam Juatitiam, Utispendantiam, at auc- 
 toritamem noatram, tuaque anima aalutam 
 •t honoram ladarat, noa paterno affacta te 
 eharitata httaraa ad te dedimua tenoiia aub- 
 aequenUa. " CLiMCNa Papa VII. Cha- 
 liaaima in Chriato fUi noater, aaluten at 
 apoatolicam benedictionem. Quod pro 
 noatrA in te benerolentiA, tuoque honora et 
 aaluta, falaum eaae enpimns, relatum nobia 
 eat, et A mnltia oon&rmatnm aerenilatem 
 tuam, qua non aolikm anteA, varum etiAm 
 poet motam litem inter ta et cbariaaimam 
 in Chriato flliam noatram Catharinam An* 
 glia Reginam lUaetrisa. aopor valiuitata 
 
 '^■y 
 
I«m tuam, (|uaiii maslrni 
 fat«b«riitq(ie, id quixl ett, 
 ■raonA noairA nihil aliud 
 I fcciroua, ^stulaM. Iini> 
 re» alt(|uan{lo fuiM0,qu&iD 
 rtpoatulat. FuUa aiiim, 
 anaaiine, ro«niinta»«, o<tin 
 rirnoio 4 nubi* atudiuni 
 p((atuin noatrum In Ri'k- 
 emu*, aiqua at aiiari laKato 
 1 lUiUno aaiatanti, cauaam 
 Qonii intar u et chariaai- 
 lUam nottram Caiharinam 
 , olim contractu >o par 
 iltrA oontinuali, committa' 
 id aubiniqiiuin vidabatur 
 a tuaa in tuo ragno cum- 
 m voluDtati moram gaaai- 
 iamdam cauaam ibi maoera 
 ec pro parte Rfgins ap- 
 oqua borraaccntia praa- 
 idem, Don in Ragnia aut 
 m Ragina, aut tliia in 
 tior favuribua eaaat, Yaru.n 
 ni orbia ohriatiani patriA, 
 itM auditorio oommiainiua, 
 wto CoUcgio vcnarabilium 
 am, S. R. E. Cardinalium 
 nolila at aiotia Cardinall- 
 i quo pendants Judioio, 
 nrare val atientare in pra- 
 Jentiae dabuieaea, eooe no< 
 paiua Regina lamentabili 
 tikm multorum littaria at 
 at, te non expectatA ulte< 
 iratione, ipaam Reginam A 
 I aeparAaae, et quamdam 
 Mntnbarnium et coliabita* 
 reoepiaae. Qua raa ctm 
 I, Utiapendentiam, at aue- 
 m, tuaaque anima aalutem 
 «t, noa pateroo affacta ta 
 kd te dedimua tenoiia aub- 
 .■MCNa Papa VII. Cha- 
 to ill noater, aalutem at 
 ledictionem. Quod pro 
 iroleotiA, tuoque honora et 
 M eupimua, relatum nobia 
 ooDflrmatam eerenilatem 
 MtlJkm antcA, varum etiAm 
 a inter te et chariaaimam 
 Doetram Catharinam An* 
 Uaetriaa. aopar Talkiitata 
 
 APt'RIiUIX. 
 
 4n 
 
 Matrimonii, inter voa contraeti, aam apud 
 (a ut daoabat in auA ragiA ouriA tanuarat, 
 atqiia ut Raginam at uiortm liabueral et 
 Iractavarat, A carlo citrA tampora, aam non 
 lulikm A aeet auA curiA. aad atiam Aolviiate 
 acu loco aua reaidantia aepMriaaa, alidqua 
 miaiaaa i loco aiKam ejiia quamdam Annam 
 in aiium oontulicrnium at cohabitatioiiam 
 public^ racapiaaa, aiqua maritalero affectum 
 uxori tua dabitum exhibare. Qua raa, flii 
 ehariiaima, ai mod6 vara eat, tuqua parum> 
 per animum ab humania aflactibua colle- 
 ((xrit, nundiibitamuf, qum etiAm tacantibua 
 riulii* parapectiirua aia, quAm multia modia 
 ndigna te fuarit, val ob contemptum litia* 
 pendantia, at judioii noatri, val ob acanda- 
 liiin Kcclaaia, val ob communia paoia par- 
 lurbaiionam, qua omnia ita A recto at 
 raligiuao principa, qualam te aemper ha- 
 huiroua, aliana aunt, ut tanquAm tua 
 natura at conauatudtni rapugnantia, atai 
 nobia in diea magia conflrmantur, diffl- 
 oiliiu taman cradamua. Quid enim mi> 
 nikt tibi ct tua probitati convenit, quAm 
 hioo apud noa, per oratorea at litaraa au- 
 per cauaA iatuc ramittendA inatara, inde 
 te ip^um tuo facto cauaam decidare i 
 Qujil aimile tuia armia et aoriptia olim 
 Eccleaiam at aanctam fldam defendiaae, 
 nuno tali faoto Eccleaiam videri contem* 
 ncre ? Jam ver6 oommunla aalua et tran- 
 qiiillitaa A nuUo unquam noatri tcmporia 
 Rage acriita, quAm A te, cuatodita eat, qui 
 helium pro EcdealA olim auaoep^tm, et 
 gliiriaiA oonfeoturo pro eommuni quiete 
 depoBueria, aemperque arbiter quidam pacia 
 et e(mimunia concordia inter Chriatianoa 
 principea concilianda fueria exiatimatup, 
 qu6 magia hac nova da te audientea admi* 
 ramur aimul ao dolemua, unum hoc tuura 
 factum, ai mod6 varum eat, ab omni vita 
 tua gloriA et conauetudine diacrepare^ 
 Quamobrem c dim nee rem tantam non ex> 
 plorare cartiika, nee neglectam omittere 
 debaamua, banc ad te quaai amantia ct 
 soUiciti patria vocem praaourrere voluimua, 
 antequkin judicia nllaa partca tecum auma- 
 mua i faciunt enim tua celaitudinia digni- 
 taa, Vetera tua in noa roerita, noatraque ex 
 hia ergA te benevolentia, at tecum omni 
 reipeotu et leniuue agere velimua, aumptA 
 parentia peraonA, et judicia tantiaper depo< 
 titA, dpneoex tuia litteria conailium progre* 
 
 diendi oapianua. Cuplmua quidam, All, ut 
 diaimua, h»o panitda falta aaie, aut non 
 tarn aa|iara, qua nubn referuiitiir. Teque 
 Ipium (lemcepa pro tuA aingulari aapiantiA 
 providare, na euiquam da aarenltata tuA 
 omni virtute oonipicuA, in hoc tantttm 
 obluquendi detur occaiio. Hi quia enim 
 vel ax calholici* ilMlena, val ax hareticia 
 gaudena, audiat te Raginam. Kcgumque 
 fliiam. Caaariaque, at (Ugia Romanonim 
 matertaram, quam in uvoram arcapiati, 
 viginti ampliita annia tecum cummuratam, 
 prolemque ax ta auacepiam habentem, nunc 
 A tuo toro at oontubernio prooul arooviaaa, 
 aliam quoque public^ apud te habere, non 
 modft aine ullA lioantiA noatrA, verikm etiAm 
 oontri noatram prohibitionemi ia profeotd 
 necaaae eat, ut aantentiam i|iiodammod6 de 
 optimo principe ferat, tanquAm Eccleaiam, 
 et publloam tranquillitatem parvi faoiante, 
 quod noa faoimua ab intantione et voluntata 
 tua longiaairaA abeaae. In Unti^m, ut al 
 quia aliua, hou idem in tuo Regno audaaa, 
 quod A tuA aerentitate factum dicitur, nullo 
 modo te probaturum, aed etiAm aeverd vin- 
 dioaturum, pro certo habeamua. Quamo- 
 brem, fill, etiam ai tu ractiaaimA aentiaa, ut 
 noa quidem conatantea credimua, taraen 
 oaiuam prabare rumorlbua at acandalia 
 non debea hoc praaertim tempore (Am o»> 
 lumnioao, plenoque hareaum et aliarum 
 perturbationum. ne tuam factum latiito 
 pateat ad examplum. Sunt enim facta 
 regura, praaertim illuatrium, aiout tua ae- 
 renitaa eat, propoaito, quaai in apecula 
 hominiboa caterie ad imiUndnm. Nee 
 prateraa negligenda tibi eat communia 
 aalua, et totiua Chriatianitatia tranquillitaa. 
 quod aemper fuit optimorum Regum i nee 
 flIi, dfbea aereniaaimoa Caaarem et Ro- 
 manonim Regem dicta Catharina Regina 
 nepotea, nullA te proaequutoe contumaliA, 
 ae tam gravi li^juriA, indeoiaA lite, afBcere, 
 et exinde pacem pertarbare univeraalemt 
 qui eolA adveraiu imminentem nubia Tur- 
 cam tuti aumua ; neo aoandali in EcclesiA' 
 periculi in totA ChriatianA republicA cauaam' 
 prabeaa; proptereaque Rex ccaleatia A te 
 irritatua, tantam auam eigA te benegnitalfenr 
 aliquA aerenitatia amaritodine permiaoeat. 
 Te igitur, fili, per eam quA aemper te au- 
 mua proaequuti benevolentiam, aemperqu» 
 ai per te liceat proeequemur, omni atudio et 
 , DO ^ 
 

 410 A^VKNOIt. 
 
 tniffn horumur, tt p«t«rnAoh*.iUU hi». 
 Mindt, ut it h»« vtim •int. q»« tuwn 
 T«Ur«m pi«UUm, at nlorUm denmrant. 
 tuU M corr , " «, wm C«Uurln»m 
 
 RcKinim ».i M hummmUr rtvof«.i<lo, ■ti|u« 
 In to IUt(in« hiinow, *• u«<>rw quo dte«l 
 air«otti* •|ni<l (• h»b«'n'l.>j Ipiurn v«rA An- 
 Min 4 p«bli<M» mo convklu tt coh»biUlion», 
 ^pMr leandalum reowvindo, dnate not- 
 Ua MntenttA inUr vo« •ub««qu«ltif . Quod 
 Bu« quidaiii. «Ui ««t k t« dibitum, tibiqua 
 ••t iiiaiim* futujuns honDriflcuro, h«nellcii 
 loco r«o«pi«M k tuA MraniUtr vidcbimur. 
 Nim quod M la prtaUnI lui voluntas 
 •rgk noi, obwrvtmliqua ergk htnc wnc- 
 Uin. 8«d«in, cum qu« tnutuii officiit 
 •t bratflciia Muiper cerUUtl, con»ervar« 
 nlxlnai eupimui. lUiAino wn^ cum dolurt 
 ■d f« d«acend«rMnui jiirii ranMilU quorum 
 BtcflHiUlam non nostra pnvaUeuntumalia, 
 quam tibl libanur eondonaramua, aad Uai 
 omnipoUntia honor publicvqua ulilitotla, et 
 tarn Mima aaluUa ratio ad poatramum 
 nobia, quanqukn inritia, imponaraa i alout 
 cti4m nuntiua apud U noatwr h»c twi a«- 
 rrniUti uberiua aipUcabit. Datum Rouiai 
 •pud aanctum Petrum aub annuls Piaca- 
 toria dia vif aaimk quintA Januarik miUaaimo 
 quinnaniaaimo uigtiimo aacundo. Ponti- 
 flcat&a noatri anno n< <io," 
 
 C&in autaro, id quu4 dolanua referlmui, 
 in dica magia nobia conArmatur, et laaava- 
 ratur, lieat ipa« Uuer« llbl par Huntlum 
 Boatrum rcprmcntaUB. cjuaqu* oonformla 
 Mrmo, in idam tu noatro nomioa horutus 
 fbaria, ut it ttnto acandalo at oontampt' 
 BccleaiM daaiat«raa, nihilominto ta in a»- 
 parationa ookabitationia cum CatharinA 
 Bcgini. at continuationa coh»biulio- 
 •ia cum Ann! prwdictia, public^ perae- 
 varwa { noa c&m neque Dai honorem, nee 
 ■oatrum officium, nee tua «nimM aalutem 
 ««l|lii{ar« debcamua. te, flli: atna Uratn 
 tmnim Jurium at oauaa pandantia pnr^u- 
 dkiO( iUuriim hurtamur, ac aub exoommuni- 
 Cationia p«n4 monemus, ut si prwdioU 
 T«ra aint, eamdam Catharinam Uegiaam 
 •pud te in reginaii honore, ac aoliti o«ha- 
 bitaiione tuk rejicere, inlri unum mensem 
 4 die pneaentatiunis prasentium tibi facta 
 oonputandum debeas, dunec nostra sen- 
 ^Btia et declaratin inter vos fuerit subse- 
 ^ttta. Alitar enim noe ditto termino eliipao, 
 
 !• at Ipeam Annam aiaommunieatlonU 
 painA innoilatos. at ah umitibiis pulilic4 
 'viundoa »ssa, et nunc pruut at tiino, td 
 cuiitra aiiltioritsM Apottubib ilatlarainus, 
 (It iiihilommd* tlim cisi ahiMirret »nhnui, 
 talia de aarantuta tua opinari, liotqia ul 
 ipaum jkin •araniUii tua ik nobis noat^qu* 
 H<)ta a«*<))t«>rti> oui huJuvmoiJi cau»a luil 
 oommitaa inhibitum fuerti, et a(> uinni linn 
 humanu quAm divmo jure ctiim pmhi- 
 b«atur, tamcn |»«rraoii homlnuin fama, 
 itenu6 sarcnitati tua inhibcmu*. na lite bit- 
 jusmodi cora^t nobis, at dicio R<ita auili- 
 torio ln<lacisA pendent* et sine scdis Ai>>»- 
 tolica liccntiA spaciali, inatnmunium cum 
 diotA CatharinA lleginA Apostolic* authori. 
 tata contiactiim, at prcia subiequutA, Uii- 
 toque tem|>ons spatio conflrmatum |iru|iri& 
 ituthoriuta s«|>arsre, aut dlvorlHun cum cA 
 (aoera > nave cum dieu AnnA. aut quavis 
 aliA matriiBoniuro contrahera praeuinas, 
 irritum prout sat dHu6 decernente*, si 
 quid forsan attentari auper h>>e A tua aera- 
 nlUU aut quovis i\Uo. quavis authurUaia 
 contigarit. v>i foraan baeten6u fuerit atun< 
 t«tum, sicque I quibuavia judicibus tAm 
 extrA Rnmaaam Curiam. quAin in cA. ctiain 
 8. R. B. Cftrdinalibua. et dicti I'alatii audi< 
 toribua aenientiari de&niri, Judirari. at in- 
 terpratari d«bera t sublata eia omnibus 
 aliter sententiandl, deflniandl, judioandi, 
 et interpretMidi facultate. Nod obatantt- 
 
 bue, etc. 
 
 Datum Roma apud aanctum Petrum aub 
 annulo Pismtoris. ilia daoima quinU No- 
 rembria MDXXXII. PontiRcaifts nostri 
 anno nono. Sic soriptum in calce partis 
 interioria qusdem brev: j, die v igesima lertis 
 Dccembria MDXXSH. 
 
 Supraacriptio autom pnrfikti bra*' • A 
 parte exteriori talia erat: Chariaeimo in 
 Cbriato fiUo noatro Henrico Anglia Ragi 
 Ulustrisaimo, fidri dcfenscri. 
 
 [N.] 
 
 (Chap. S3.) 
 
 Epitaph om Sir Thomui Mm*, wriltn tf 
 himuff, mnd/imni im CM*** Ckureh. 
 
 THOMAa MoBUi, nrbe Londinenai, famllU 
 non celabri. aad honeaU natua, in literis 
 atcumque veraatua, quum et canaaa aKqupt 
 
AFfClimi. 
 
 4lt 
 
 intm •leommunieftttnnU 
 , »i ah umuibut («ulilic4 
 I nunc pruiit ai ti<)k«t •! i 
 m A|iii4(uli<b «Ut'l«rainiit, 
 km »UI ahlKirrat »nhnui, 
 M (u« optntri, lir«tc|ti« ttl 
 lUii tua k nnhii noauuqiM 
 oui huJuitmoiJt c«u>« luil 
 :ii[n fu«rii, et »'> oinni limi 
 divino Jur« •(ii>n |iriihi- 
 (xrinou liomlituin farni, 
 tua tnhibcmu*, n« liU hit- 
 nolikt, at dicio Itita •udt- 
 in<l«iit« «l una i*<lia A|i'>«- 
 |i«ciali, inatnmuniuin cum 
 ll«i(inl Apitatulkci aitthorf. 
 , at prcia atibitquuti, tan- 
 tpatio conArmatum |iro|iri& 
 ara, aut divortiiim cum tit 
 la dieu Annt, auk quavia 
 en contrahara pmauinaa, 
 •t dcau6 dacarnanM*, ai 
 nuri aupar hoe k tua acra- 
 ia nlio, quavia autliurUaia 
 raan haetcniku fuarit attcn* 
 I quibuavia judiclbua tJkm 
 Curiam, qukm in aA, ctiain 
 alibua, at dieti I'alatii audi< 
 kri da&niri, Judira/i, at in- 
 ra { aublata aia omoibua 
 ndi, daflntandi, judioandi, 
 facultaU. Nod obatantt- 
 
 I apud aanctum Petrum aub 
 ia, ilia daoima quinin No- 
 HLXII, PontiAcaiiU nottri 
 c aoriptum in ealea partia 
 m brevia, dia vigeaima tertia 
 ICXKll. 
 
 aulom pnafati bra*'« i 
 talia orat! Chariaaimo in 
 «tro Henrico Angli* Ragi 
 Iri dcfenac'ri. 
 
 [N.] 
 
 ,Cbap. S3.) 
 
 Thmat Hon, writtn bf 
 ftmud U Ckeltf Ckmreh. 
 
 M, nrb« Ltondinenai, fanilia 
 1 honeaU natua, in literia 
 ;aa, quum at caoaaa aliqool 
 
 juvanJa aipM** "> '«»«>• •• '■ *''* *"* 
 pr<i Shyra.io Jua diiiaaal, ab Inrietlaaimo. 
 Raga llanrico ocUvo, (cut unl «ium 
 om?»ium glo'la prlua InauiItU eontigil, ut i 
 fl,i*i dafariaor. qualam at gladw aa at calamo 
 vrr4 prwaiii, mariiA vocaratur) adacitua in 
 Aiilam eat, dal»i-tu«qua in wmailium. at 
 «r»aiua aquaa. proquaator primum. \>6*t 
 I aitcf liariua Laiioaatrtt. tanda m Anglia 
 uiro Prinoipia favora factua aal. H«d 
 iritarim in publico ragni Sanatu Uctua aal 
 iirator populi ; prataraa lagatua rU«ia non- 
 Dunquam ful^ allU alibi j poatramd vtrli 
 Cam»raol, comaa at oollaga Junctua prinoipi 
 Ifgationia Cuthbfrto TonaUllo, turn Lon- 
 dmanai, moa Dunelinenal Kpiacopo ; quo 
 viro via babai orbia hodta quioqua.-n arudl- 
 tida, prudantiua. meliua. Ibi inur aummo* 
 Cljriatliani orbia Monarchaa ruraua rafaota 
 fiadara, redditamqua mundo diu diaidera- 
 tum paoem, at Uaiiaaimua vidit, at lagttua 
 Intarfuit. 
 Quaai Suptri pmem ,firmtnl, /uimtqtu 
 paramiaifi* 
 In boo officiorum vel honorum curau quum 
 u varaaratur, ut nequa Prince|ia optimua 
 oparam ajua imprubarat, naqua nobilibua 
 aaaat inviaua. naqua injucundua populoi 
 furibua autam, horoicidia, Haraticiiqua 
 molaatoai Patar ^Jua tandam Joaunaa Munia 
 Rquaa, at in aum Judicium ordinaro u 
 Prinoipa eoopUtua. qui RtRiua oonaaaaua 
 vocatur, homo civilia, Innocana, mitia, 
 miichoora, aquua at integar, annia quidam 
 gravia. aad corpora pluaquk pro atatc 
 vivido, poatquk ao produoUm aibt ridit 
 riUm, at fllium vidaral Anglia Canccllft- 
 rium,* aatia in tarra jam a* moratum ratua, 
 luliana amigravit in coalum. At filiua de- 
 functo patra cui quamdiu aupararat coro- 
 paratua, at jnrania vooari oonauarcrat, at 
 
 * Tha following lagand reapacdog the birth 
 of Sir Tbomaa Mora, tairan IW>m 8laplaton'a 
 " Traa TlioniK." on tha flrat night of bar mar- 
 riaga, Mora'a mothar had tha foTtowiiig dream : 
 She Tanciad that aha aaw en^r <rcd on her 
 wedding dream the counianancu f (wu child- 
 ran whom Oud had Torchaafed to givo her; 
 the one waa radiant aad amlling, the othei 
 tcarcely visible to the aiaht. The latter, 
 douhileaa, tjrpiflrd the child condemned to 
 pcriih in tha molhar'a womb, and tha former 
 prattgured Sir 'I'homaa Mora daatinad una day 
 to bo tha light of OatboUo England. 
 
 Ipa« quoq«M air>i vidabatur, wjnirMium jam 
 patram raquirana, at adiiua «t m lil>ania 
 quatuor, ac n«poi«ia umlaclm raaplcia«a, 
 apud animum • .um c«pit pvraenaacara. 
 Auiil huno affectum ammi aubaaquuu 
 •taiin, valut adpauntia aanii aigoutn, 
 pactoria valatuilo aataator. Itai|ua mart*- 
 llurii harum rcr<i aatur. quam ram h puero 
 putne aainp<rr optavarat, ut ultimoa aliquoum 
 vita aua annua obiinarat libarua, quibua 
 hujua vita nagt>tlia paulatln aa aubdu- 
 oana, fUturam |>oaa«t imraortalilaum roadi< 
 tari, aam ram t4il«m (ai oaptia annual 
 Dana) indulg^tiaaiini Principia ineompa- 
 rabili banaMcio reaignatia honoribua impa- 
 trarit t atqua hoe aapulohrum aibi, quod 
 mortia ^a nunquam caaaantia a<lraparo 
 quotldia commonafaoarat, tranalatia hua 
 prioria uioria oaaibua eitruandum curavit. 
 Quod na aiiparataa frualra aibi fecarit, ndva 
 ingruantain trapidua tnortam horreal, aad 
 daiidario Cliriati lulena oppariat, mortem- 
 que ut aibi non omnino mortatn, aad januam 
 vita ftalioioria inneniat, pracibiu cam. 
 Loetor optima, apinntam praeor, dafaue. 
 tumqua proacquara. 
 
 Act ^f Atltindtr againtt Sir ThomM Mor«. 
 
 "Whihb tha kyng our aovaraigna lord* 
 that nnwa ia, by hla aeverall lattraa patantaa, 
 whereof the una berath date tha viii. day 
 of May, in the xiii. yera of the rei^ne ol 
 our aaid aoveraiffna lorde, and the other 
 berath data the ivi. day of January, In tha 
 xri. yere of tha ralgne of our aaid aoveraigna 
 lurde, for the true and faithfull a«irvioa and 
 counaall which our aaid aoveraigna lorda 
 antantyd and truated to bo dona to hia 
 highnaaa by Sir Thomu Mora, lata of 
 Chelaejr, in tha countia of M dd.. Knyght, 
 of hia own mrre mouve and liberalitia did 
 gyva and graunt to the aaid Sir Thomaa 
 Mora and hia heirca, ilyvera mtnuurca. 
 landea, teoemantea, and other heredita* 
 mentea, conteyned and a|>ec!i)ed in tha 
 aatne aeverall lettrea patantat , to have and 
 to holda to the aame Sir Thomaa Mora 
 and to hia heirea, accord and under auch 
 mauner and forme aa in tha aaid aeverall 
 kttraa potentaa ia azproaaad and dedarad. 
 
 DO % 
 
^t 
 
 i^# 
 
 f,? 
 
 4lA Arr»>MUii. 
 
 An<l forMintich* M lk« Mid Mir T1t<im«« 
 M<>r«. r(»iitf«fy lo «h« trtfrt tnil eontt<l«n«^ 
 ■r<ir*»«i(i, bainc \a,*M\f ^n<\ lUMf r«- 
 <|iiyr«fi, if A« (>•« flrita iUf ot May la>t paal. 
 Hnntiuralli •ml ountrtry lo Hi* duty ol 
 •ll«v||»iino«, fnUiKtiriiR in luira •mi tnak* 
 wilyriun, raurmour, tml nrWf» •uhln Ihi* 
 lb* kyniie'i rMtin*, tmonKst lh« trtit, 
 ob«dy«nl, •iwi r»r<hfull tuhyxiU ot th« 
 •am*. h«th ob^iyMlly. fofwtrdly. tinl eo»- 
 t«m|>tu<iu«ly rafuMd to m«ha and rfc«r«« 
 t«i<ih c<irp<ir»ll otkt m «•• or<l*yn<id lo b« 
 •cMptod «»f ■»«fy tubj^r** ol ihw rMlm«, 
 lor Um luariUi and ••ubliaahinanl of iha 
 •uroMaiim of our iaid aovaralKna lorda ia 
 Ik* iiniMrtitll crowna ut ikti rMlma. And, 
 for tlul, lh«t lia halh onkymlly and In- 
 grally tarvyil our aaid lovaraliina lord*. 
 by dyvata and aondry way*, meanea, and 
 condveiona, eontntfy lo Iha Iruata and 
 eon(ld«nca. J»a ii ihawfir* anaeUd by 
 Iha aiioturiUa of ihla proaant Farliamtnt. 
 that th« aaid aavarall laltraa patantca. from 
 Iha flrato day of Nuvambar laal pait, » nd 
 avary ihynn thorain conlaynad, ahall ba. la 
 all InUnUa and purp<i««a, claraly rapallad 
 Toida, fruatrat, and of none affarU in the 
 lawa, and aa though no auch lettraa patentee 
 had ban had na made, and that all and 
 aingular manoura, Undaa, tcnemantra. and 
 other heridata.in*nt*a coinpriaad in the 
 aaverall laitrea patwntea. from the aaid flrata 
 day of November, in the j|einuf a 'd ad- 
 tttdgad in our oaid aover^Rna and hla 
 heiree, in lyke aaUta, forme, and condic'jo, 
 and they were before the makyinft of the 
 Mid MTeraU lettrM patentee. And further 
 b« enaotad. by the auotoritia aforeaaid, that, 
 forHmocha u the aaid Sir Thomu Mora, 
 by the obatynata refuMll of the aaid othe, 
 bath committed and dona myapriaion of 
 hiith treaaon, that the aaid Sir Thomaa 
 More, fgr bia offmcef tfortaald. »baU aiMide 
 uid be attcyntad oonrycted of my»pri»lon 
 of hiKb treaaon, in auch manocr and fourma 
 H if he were atUnyted for the aama offenoe 
 of myapnaion of hiffh treaaon by the due 
 'order of the comen lawai and alao ahall 
 •uifer auch paynea of imiiriaoaement of hi* 
 body and loaaea of bia goodM, eattahlea, 
 debta, leaaM of yerM, atau of freeholde, 
 and other furfeyturae and penaltiea con- 
 'tayoad, apcciiad, and provydad in thp 
 
 ; i- ' 
 
 auliila of iiirMaatnn of iha rroama of thia 
 raaline for itlf«nr«« of mr«l'"«t"«» "' '•'•''' 
 treaaon, in autlia niAiinar, form*, and »"'»• 
 di<*U>n, I" all tiil«nt«a anil piiriioaa a* if Iha 
 aa.d 8irTh<)m«a Mt-r*. tot the aam« t.ffrni-a 
 of myapriaion of ht«h traaaon. ware lawfully 
 •tUyntad by the onlar of the noman lawa 
 upon the aama. And that the Mid loM*i 
 and forfayturaa of l*ai»« for yn; aaiatrt 
 of fVtaholde. ahalbe aitamUd to aii.h 
 Wmmm and frMhuldM aa the Mme Hir 
 lliuinaa More, or any olhar lo hla um. had 
 at the flrate day of Marohe ImI pMl. or 
 eny lyme aithen. Havying to evary peraon 
 and peraona and their h»lrea, ottiar than 
 the aaid Sir Thomu Mora and hla hairea, 
 and olhar paraon and peraona and Ihair 
 kairee having or claymlng any InurMU, 
 um, tytle, or poeeM«ion. in or to the aaid 
 manoura, lor<lahipj>ee, landea. tenementaa, 
 and herediumantee, or to any part* or 
 parnetl th«ra<.f. auch right, till*. enUrtil. 
 tiM, poaaaMion, raoU, profytUa, and olhar 
 oommodiUM M ihey or any of them have 
 or had In or lo the parmiaM*, "r to any 
 paitiall Iheiaof, at any tyna afore the Mid 
 flrata day of Marcha, u if thIa Act of 
 Atteyodar had never hen had nor made, 
 Provydad alway that thia Act of Alteynder, 
 no«' any thyng therein conteyntd, ahall not 
 asUoda to Iha forfaytnra of any nanoura. 
 landM. lanementae, or haridiumenUa. 
 wheraof the aaid Sir ThomM More ia or 
 wa*. tha aaid flrata day of Marcha, or any 
 tyma ayna. aole, Mverally.or joynily Mrved 
 with any other paraon or pareooa, to the 
 uae of any peraon or peraona Other than 
 of the Mid Sir Thomaa More."— BtatuUi 
 of tha Realm, III. 
 
 COJ 
 
 Act qf Smeetnion. 
 
 Tua noMeo and oommona of thia rMtma 
 doo therefore mooet humbly bMeoha your 
 highncM, that it may pleaM your ro^tia 
 that it may be enacted by your highne««, 
 with tha aaMnta of tha Lorda. epiritual and 
 temporall, and the Commona in thia praMnt 
 Parliament aHcnnbled. and by auotoritia 
 of the Mroe, that the marriage bertofore 
 •okmnyMd batwane yonr highoMa and the 
 
 .n*aMllH»iHI<lillMIII II liUMiliaiilliiMillMIIMaMallMi 
 
Ion of Ikfl (frown* of ihl* 
 •« of mr«t'"«t"«» "' '"'*'' 
 
 fiidiin»r, fcifin*. •mt »"•>" 
 nt*a anil {tiirii<>«« •• >' >'>* 
 H(>r», Jur lh« ••»«• (i(f»ni'« 
 it«h irtMon, w»r» Uwfull; 
 
 ofiUr of tho flomtn !•»• 
 
 An<l »h»l lh« Mill !•>•••« 
 f U«J»« f«»f y«f««. #«Ut»« 
 :iatb« *iUnil«(i to •urh 
 IiuIiIm m lh« Mm* f^*r 
 r tny oth«f to hit um. had 
 
 of Miroh* lul |iMl, or 
 H»<rj\nff to •v»fy p»r«on 
 I Ihatr hflrai, uttiar th«n 
 >mu Mort •ml hU litlrM, 
 1 •ltd p«r»oni and Ihttr 
 r clayming any InurwU, 
 ««*ikon. In or to th« Hid 
 ipiMi, UndM, tcncmtnUi, 
 ito«, or 10 MJ p«rt« or 
 •uch riRht, tltU. •nUnit, 
 r«nU. profytU*. and othrr 
 thty ot any of them hava 
 
 tha iMrmuaan, <>r to any 
 M any tyna afora tha aaid 
 larcha. m if tbia Act of 
 never ban had nor mada. 
 that tliii Act of Atteyndar, 
 barain conteynad, ahall not 
 brfaytnra of tny manounh 
 inUa. or htridiumanlaa, 
 d 8ir Thomaa Mora ia or 
 rata day of Murcha, or any 
 aavanlly, or J«ynily aarvad 
 parson or paraona, to tha 
 ion or pcraona othar th#n 
 ThonuMi Mora."— BtatuUi 
 II. 
 
 [0.J 
 I t^f Smettttion. 
 
 d oommona of thia raalma 
 looat hnmbly baaacha your 
 It may pleaaa your mijaatia 
 innotad by your highDeiii, 
 I of tha Lorda, apkritual and 
 he Conmona in tbia praaant 
 ennblad, and by auotoritia 
 liat tha marriaga bartofora 
 wana your highnaaa and tha 
 
 nwrimptM, 
 
 4it 
 
 U<ly Kalharyna, ImImh b«for« tawfutl wyf 
 III Prin<f« Arthur, ynur tld«r brothtr, which 
 by him wa« t-arnaily huaon, aa duth duly 
 •iii«ra by lulflft'iit |iruva In a U«ftill 
 |iri>caa, had ami iiiaiU iMfura Tbomat, kc, 
 
 ihiiha Iiy aurtiiritta of tliia pr«««nl 
 
 I'arhamant, diffyii««»ly. aUrtly, and abio- 
 liilaly tUihtni dvinur, adjudgad to ba 
 <>/«yiM( Ik* fawM of Alinlfflity (i»d, and 
 klio arr*pt«il, rtfulad, ami lakan of noo 
 *alua na alTairta, but utttrtla »»y<l« and 
 MfnyrAy/Mf, and tba aaparacion tharaof, 
 
 lie ahallMi good and alfaatuall to all 
 
 Intent** and purpo^oa, lie. — Ittatutaa of 
 tha Haalia, 111. 
 
 (kikt ^ Buterttinn. 
 
 Ya ihall awaar to bear your faith, tnitli 
 •nd obedience, alona to tha king'a rrMJeaty, 
 inil the heir* of hi* body, according to the 
 liniiution and reliraiaal within thi* aUtuta 
 of (ucceation, whera apeniflad, and not to 
 any otlirr wiihiit this realm, nor foreign 
 authority, prince, or potantaU i and in caaa 
 any o«th b« made, or hath been roaile, by 
 you to any other pcraon or perton*. that 
 than you to reputa tba aauia aa vain and 
 annkhilaU. and that, to your cunning, wit, 
 and uturmoat of your power, without 
 guile, fraud, or other under meana, ye 
 (hall obaarve, keep, maintain, and defend 
 thia act above apeci&cd, and all tk* wkoU 
 contenU and elTecta thoreof, and all other 
 ■tatutea mads aince the beginning of thi* 
 present PurUsment, in conflrmation or for 
 due execution of the aiune, or of anything 
 therein coDwinsdt and thus ys shall do 
 igainat all manner of peraons. of what 
 citate, dignity, degree, or condition soever 
 they be, and in no wise do or attempt, 
 nor to your power auffer to be done or 
 ittempted, directly or indirectly, any thing 
 or thinga, privily or covertly, to the let. 
 hindrance, damage, or derogation thereof, 
 or of siiy part of the same, by any manner 
 of means, or for any manner of pretence 
 or cans*. So help your Qod and all 
 saints.— Juurnal of the House of Lords, I. 
 
 ms^' 
 
 10.] 
 
 Ati tj H%p\ i iwi f . 
 
 An Act c.inc»rnyn«e the hynge'* lii(|hf.e*s 
 to Ih «uprem* h»«d of tba Cburcbs of 
 KflgUnd*. and to huv* auetui^M I* ntenraM 
 and radr««*« ell erffur* and shuM^* ^n lh« 
 •anie. Alliell the liynge's mi^'*^** i****'/ 
 and rightfully la and owath ta ba iha 
 (iipreino head of the Churche of Knglanda. 
 and * > i* reiiognyaad by tha cWrgy of thia 
 realma in thrtr eoiivui)a<.'iun* i yet, naver- 
 thstsss*. for corruburacion and conOnna- 
 eion thereof, ami fur increase of verlua in 
 Chrysti'* religion within this realms of 
 Knglamle, and to repraaaa and eitlrps all 
 erroura, hrreoe*. and other ennrmytiea and 
 abuse* hrretofore u**d In the same, be it 
 anactsd, by auctoritia of this preeeni Par- 
 liament, that tha kynga our soveraign* 
 lonle. hi« helra* and •uecessour*. kyngea 
 of thia realme. ahalbe lakyn. accepted, and 
 reputed the only eupreme heed in aanba 
 of tha Churoheof England, callyd Anglian* 
 Bccleala, and eball have and enjoys, an- 
 nexed and unyted to the ymperiall crowna 
 of thia realme, as well tha title and 
 •tyle thereof, all honours and dignyties. 
 pratmyneures, Jurisdiooions, priviiegee, auo- 
 toritiee, ymunytiea, profltia, and oommodi- 
 tie*, to the *aid dignytie of aupreroe heed 
 o( the aame ohurche,belonKyrig and apper- 
 
 Uynyng And that our 8»,id soveraigna 
 
 lords, his hsire* and suocrnsaur*, kyngM 
 of thi* realme, shall have full power and 
 ai'.otoritie, from tyroa to lyine, to vlsila, 
 rsprcsse, rsdresss, rslorme, onlre. correct, 
 rsstrayne, and amende, all aiich errours, 
 hereaiea, abuses, oflhnces, contemptss, snd 
 snormyties. wbataosver they be, which by 
 any numor, spirituall auctoryiia or Juria- 
 diccicn. ought or male lawfullye be re- 
 formed, repreaayd, ordred, correctyd, 
 restrayned. or amendyd, moste to tha 
 plessure of Almygbiie Ood, the encreaao 
 of vertue yn Chrysti'* religion, and for tbo 
 consenrstiy of the peace, unyte, and tran- 
 quilyU of this realm* j any usage, eustoia*. 
 foreyne lawes, foreyns auctoryte, prescrip- 
 cinn. or any othsr thinge or thinges to th« 
 contnris \\vniA pn*^thstM» Jynge. 
 
4tf^ 
 
 APPk'NOIX. 
 
 CoHtn>porarie$ qf Sir ThomoM Mart, 
 
 1. Oroeyn. — He itudied the olMtici in 
 Italian, Greek under Demetriui Chencon- 
 dyle, and Latin under Politian. Eranmua 
 KiveR him the following character : — " In 
 otnnigenrediiciplinarumuique ad anmoro- 
 ■itatem exacte vertatut." Though he lived to 
 an advanced age, he never wrote anything. 
 Hie character waa extravagant and thought- 
 ieai ; he lacrificed the whole of hia fortune 
 to the advancement of literature. 
 
 2. LtiMcre.— He apant hia younger yeara 
 under Politian andChancondyle at Florence, 
 and waa on intimate terma while nt Rome 
 with Hermelaiia Barbara j on his return to 
 England, he waa appointed by Henry VII. 
 tutor to Prince Arthur, and dedicated to 
 his patron his tranalation of Proclua ; 
 he alao publiahed a philological treatiae, 
 entituled, "De emendal& Latini sermonia 
 RtruoturA." After having atudied Galean 
 with great avidity, Linacre, ever fic'-.le in 
 hia views, determined to study the " ars 
 aanandi,"and did so with such success that 
 he was nominated physician to Henry VII. 
 and Henry VIII. He died in 1524, aged 
 sixty-four, and was buried at St. Paul's, 
 London. 
 
 a. JLiUjr.— While young, LoUy undertook 
 ft voyage lo the Haly L«nd. After his 
 return fnim Jerusalem he remaned for 
 some time at Rhodea, to atudy the Greek 
 language. At Rome, he frequented the 
 lectures of SulpitiuB(*) and SabinusC*) on 
 grammar and rhetoric; and on his return 
 to England professed grammar, poetry, 
 and rhetoric. More wrote his first epi- 
 grams with Lilly. We adauce an evidence 
 of the talenta of the rivala : the theme waa 
 aa follows :— 
 " Owos, MU ToKotipa, KOI tf nvpt iu0itpt» tptmi 
 
 0'vnfi>p> mimrti ifu> tdo tu aidtv." 
 
 (*) Solpitiua.— We here reftr to Giovanni 
 Snlperio du Veroli, who gave leasona In thea- 
 trical declamation at Rome, and was a pro- 
 Ugi rf the Cardinal Bafello Riarlo. 
 
 (l>) Sabinoa. — Lilly atudied under the cele- 
 brated Angeliia Crcen* Sabinua, better known 
 as Angiolo Sabino ; he ia the author c( a Latin 
 .poem, entitled "Aiigeli de curibus Sabinis, 
 pormo de exoidio civilatia Leodienaia," and 
 edited the first edition of ATmanua Marulle- 
 moa, which appeared at Home in 1474. 
 
 T. Mori de Luxii et Libidine t— 
 
 Si quia ad infernos prrpert deacendera 
 manea. 
 
 Hue iter accelerant, balnea, vina Venus. 
 G. Lilii:— 
 
 Nos calignnt is rapiunt ad tecta tyranni 
 
 Pnecipiti curaum, balnea, vina, Venus. 
 
 CoUt. — He waa born in 1466 at London; 
 his father was twice Lord Mayor of Lon* 
 don ; on his return to England ha went to 
 live at Oxford, where he lectured publicly 
 on St. Paul's Epistles. He was nominated 
 Dean of St. Paul by Henry Vlf. and eata- 
 blished a college nut of his private fortune 
 which he dedicated to the Infant Jeaus; 
 and died in London, aged 53, in 1519. 
 
 Coehlmua. — Tochloeus waa born in 1479 
 at Wendelatein, a small town in Franconia: 
 he waa dean of Our Lady of Frankfort-on- 
 the-Maine, at the time that Luther appeared 
 at the Diet of Augsbourg t obliged to 
 leave the town, owing to the fiersecution of 
 the Reformers, he fled to Mayence, where 
 the archbishop nominated him canon of St. 
 Victor ; he died ftt Breslau, in Sileaia. in 
 1652, and waa buried in the church of St. 
 John Baptist. Coohloeua was one of the 
 most leftlous defenders of Catholic truth, 
 and has left many works behind him. 
 
 Bttdmut, — He waa borI^ at Paris in 1407, 
 and atudied at Orleans : be published 
 several works. 
 
 Otom.— Tula historian waa bom at 
 Como in H83 ; atudied at Padua, and was 
 nominated Biahop of Nocora by Clement 
 VII. The following ia the epitaph ou hia 
 tomb :— 
 
 Hie jacet hue Joviua Romana gloria lingua 
 Par cui non Crispus, non Patavinua erat. 
 Leo X. preferred him to Livy, and Alciate 
 to Tacitus. 
 
 Fw».— There waa a contest between 
 Vives, Ent^mos, and Budoeua, aa to whom 
 should be decided the palm of literature. 
 Vivea waa bom at Valencia, where he com- 
 menced his studies and finiabed them at 
 Paris. He wu appointed by Wolaey Pro- 
 fessor of Civil Law at Corpus Cbristi, 
 (Christ Church,) Oxford j and had often 
 among his auditory Henry VIIL, Katharine 
 of Arragon. More, Tonatall, and others. 
 At the requeat of Katharine of Arragon. 
 he wrote hia treatiae entituled " De in- 
 eiitutione femiiue Chriatianis," wh'ch h* 
 
et Libidine t— 
 rnoi prepert deicendera 
 
 rant, balnea, vina Venui. 
 
 I npiunt ad tecta tynnni 
 m, balnea, vina, Venua. 
 I born in 1466 at London; 
 rice Lord Mayor of Lon> 
 >n to England ha went to 
 rhere he lectured publicly 
 stlea. He waa nominated 
 by Henry Vlf. and eita- 
 >ut of his private fortune 
 ;ed to the Infant Jeaui; 
 tin, aged 53, in 1519. 
 shloeua was born in 1479 
 small town in Franconia: 
 ar Lady of Frankfort-on- 
 time that Luther appeared 
 Augsbourg t obliged to 
 ring to the fiersecution of 
 B fled to Mayence, where 
 iniioated him canon of St. 
 M Brealau, in Sileaia. in 
 ried in the church of St. 
 loohloBua was one of the 
 enders of Catholic truth, 
 ' works behind him. 
 raa borI^ at Paris in 1467, 
 Orleans : be published 
 
 historian waa bom at 
 udied at Padua, and vu 
 p of Nocora by Clement 
 ing ia the epitaph ou hii 
 
 ua RomaniB gloria lingua 
 us, non Patavinua erat. 
 him to Livy, and Alciate 
 
 waa a conteat between 
 ind BudoBus, as to whom 
 d the palm of literature. 
 Valencia, where he com- 
 es and finiahed them at 
 ppointed by Wolsey Pro- 
 Law at Corpus Cbristi, 
 Oxford; and had often 
 y Henry VIIL, Katharine 
 e, TonstaU, and others. 
 r Katharine of Arragon. 
 atise entitnled " De in- 
 I Christiana," wh'ch h« 
 
 iPFKNDIX. 
 
 4»S 
 
 dedicated to her, as alto hia " Da rations 
 vtiidii puf rilis," which he publiahed while 
 at Oxford in 1530. Ho married at Bruges 
 in 1534, where he addresiied tl>e " Satcl" 
 litum animi vel lymbola" to the Princess 
 Mary, the daughter of Heury VIH.i he 
 died at Bruges in 15^4. 
 
 Pomorance*. — Thi^ apostate from Catho> 
 licism, better known by the name of 
 Bugenbag'sn, was nppointid, in 15'J1, Pro* 
 ifitsor of Theology at Wittemberg; ha 
 opposed Carlstadt during Luther's imprl* 
 sonmcnt at Wartibur^. He was a Pra- 
 roonstratentian monk of Balhuck, in 
 Pomerania. 
 
 Cnkt.—Thn celebrated HelUnist was a 
 tutor to Camer, who instructed Melanc- 
 tbont while he was reading at Leipaig, hia 
 whole time with that of his fellow>students, 
 if the biographera of Riroblen are to ba 
 believed, were apent in inquiring into the 
 tixe of Diogenes'd tub and the weight of 
 Herculea'a clab. He was appointeil through 
 the interest of Fisher, bishop of Rochester, 
 Professor cf Greek at Cambndge, succeed* 
 ing Eraamus in that position. In 1539 he 
 wu appointed " Magiater Qlonoria." 
 
 rOROBT NOT TBT. 
 (dUrmt* »y Wftt lo J»m Btlif^l 
 
 Forget not yet the tried intent 
 Of such a truth as I have meant, 
 My greet travail so gladly spent, 
 
 rorget not yet. 
 
 Forget not yet when first began 
 The weary life, ye know since when 
 The suit, the service none tell can. 
 
 Forget not yet. 
 
 Forget not yet the great assays, 
 
 The cruel wrong, the Komftal ways, 
 The painital patience and delays. 
 
 Forget not yet. 
 
 Forget not, oh ! forget not this. 
 How long ago bath been and ia 
 That Love that never meant amiss. 
 
 Forget not yet. 
 
 Forget not now thine own approved. 
 The which so contUnt hath the loved 
 Whose steadfast faiiJi hcth never moved. 
 Forget not yet. 
 
 i?^ii-ir*- 
 
 rr. 
 
 A Leittr from tkt Sari of Derb^ and Sir 
 Htnry Faryvglan, on Ike tul^eet of the 
 King'i marriage with Anne Boltyn. 
 
 The following letter proves that the 
 king's marriage with Anna Boleyn met 
 with much opposition among the people 
 and clcjiy of England •— 
 
 " Pleas ityourhighueistobe>advertyzed, 
 that where as Sir William Fitswilliams, 
 Knyght. on of your euunsullori and tre»o- 
 rera of your moott hcnorahle Howse, lately 
 directed his severall lettres unto ui, your 
 humble subgetts and servants, Ednard 
 Earl of Dertty and Henry Farryngtwn, 
 Knyght, whereby we percieve your giaces 
 pleasor ia that a lewde and noghty piiest 
 inhabyting in these pitrtyes, who bathe uf 
 Ikte reported and «poken bofor and in the 
 audyence of certeyn persona sundy and 
 diverse unfytting and sklaunderoua word«, 
 M well by your highnes as by the quenes 
 grace, should not only be attached and 
 sent V ^ to your highnes, but also that we 
 ehtdd io the aooomplisheroent of your sai4 
 pliasor take th' exumynsdona and suings 
 of suche persons aa were present and herd 
 the same unfj^Uing and sklanderous reports 
 and sayings 'of the said priest in the pri- 
 measest and the same to aend in wryting 
 tt> your highnel aubscribed with our hands ; 
 We according to our bounden duties in the 
 accomplishement of your grace'a pleaaor, 
 have called before us suche persoBS whose 
 names and dcposiciona herafter do ensue; 
 and the same persons did examyn upon 
 ther othes at Ley, in the countie f Lan- 
 euter, the xth day of August, in the xxvth 
 yere of the reign of your noble highnes. 
 Sir lUchard Hogthon, Sir William Leylond 
 Knyghts, and Thomas Howcroft, your aer- 
 vanta and other of the eounauU give the 
 said will being present. And the said Sr 
 Henry hath attached the said priest and 
 send him to your highnes. And Sr Richard 
 Clerke, vicar of Leegh, deposeth and saith 
 that the xxnd day of July laat he rede a pro- 
 elamaoion at Crofton in the house of John 
 Blaclteston'a concemyng Lady Katbarin 
 Prinoyae — dowager, which Sr Jauek 
 
 MM 
 
iu 
 
 APVBNDIX. 
 
 Huriaon, priest, hering the uid prodamft- 
 oioD, laid, that that Quena Katharin waa 
 quene. And that Nan Bullen Hhuld not 
 be quene. rsnr the king to be no king on hia 
 hering. Alau Sr John Haworthe prieat 
 examined, eaith upon his othe thas he herd 
 the aaid Sr Jamea aaye that Uuene Katha- 
 rya ahuld be quene, and aa for Nan Bullen 
 who the devell made her quene, and as for 
 the king ahuld not be king but on his 
 bering. Alao William Dalton aquyer 
 examined, and awom upon ^t boke, depa 
 aith and aaith that after that on Sr Richard 
 Clarke had redde the (aid proclamaoion, he 
 redde certain articlea in the said proclama- 
 eion to the aaid Sir Jamya with oertyn per- 
 sons ther being prreent : the eaid Sr Jamya 
 aaid I will take none for quene but Quene 
 Katharyn; who the detreU made Nan 
 Bullen that hoore quene for I will never 
 take her for quene and the king on his 
 beriog; and then the said William said 
 bold thy peace thou wota not what thou 
 aaist, and, but that thou art a priest I 
 ahuld pnnyshe the that other should take 
 ensample. — John Dalton th' elder, gectil- 
 raan, sworn and examyned, saith, that be 
 was pent when William Dalton sqayer 
 redde the said proclamaoion, and the said 
 Sir Jamys aud I will call bir Quene Katha- 
 ryne lettyng for noman, for Nan Bullen 
 that noghty pake or hoore, I do not !«• 
 member whether, who the devell made her 
 ^uen?] and the king abalbe no king bat 
 
 on bit hering. <Thomas Lathom tlie 
 younger, awornd and examyned, depoaitli 
 and saith that, after that, a nother tyrae tlie 
 ssme day and yere where said that Sr Jamyi 
 Harrison said that Nan Bullen that hoore 
 shall not be quene. James Woddrii, sworn 
 and ex%mynd, deposeth and saith that he 
 herd the proolamacion redde in the bowse 
 of John Blackiaton's and the aaid Sr 
 Jamys said then that he wold not take uon 
 for the quene but Quene Katharyn ; and as 
 for Nan Bullen that hoore shall be no 
 quene. Adam Banaater, swori> and 
 examyned, deposith and saith, that Sr 
 Jamys Harrison the xxiii. day of July in 
 the house of lliomas Oraueayns said that 
 (he) wold never take Nan Buhoyn for 
 quene, to be hanged for the aame, but for 
 Nan Bulieyn. Richard Summer and John 
 Clayton sworn and examyned, depoaen and 
 aay that they came in company with the 
 aaid Sr Jamys Harrison from the town of 
 Perhalt to Eccleston, where the aaid Sr 
 Jamys said unto them this ia a znarvellova 
 world, the king will put down the order of 
 priests and distroye the Sacrament, but 
 that will be as Thomas Dykenson said that 
 it cannot reigne longe for he aaithe that 
 York wilhe London hastilye. 
 
 " By your bumblyst and obedient aeir* 
 viend, 
 
 " E. Dbkby. 
 
 " HbUB. FABYNaT.BM, Kot" 
 
■ °<Thonu Ltithom tli« 
 ] ftnd examined, deposith 
 fter tliat. a nother tynie tlie 
 re where laid that Sr Jamyi 
 lat Nan Bullen that hoore 
 le. Jamei Woddes, awom 
 lepoieth and laith that h« 
 macion redde in the hows* 
 laton'a and the aaid Sr 
 that he wold not take uon 
 It Quene Katharyn ; and ai 
 I that hoore shall be no 
 Banaater, awori' and 
 Mith and laith, that Sr 
 the xxiii. dajr of July in 
 lomaa Orauesyna aaid that 
 r take Nan BuUdyn for 
 iged for the aame, but for 
 iliohard Summer and John 
 nd ezamyned, depoaen and 
 ime in company with the 
 larriaon from the town of 
 eston, where the aaid Sr 
 them this is a marvellous 
 will put down the order of 
 ;roye the Sacrament, but 
 homas Dykenson said that 
 I longe for he aaithe that 
 Ion bastilye. 
 imblyst and obedient sen^ 
 
 BRBY. 
 
 B. FARYNaT.aM, Knt" 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 CHAr. I. (p. 16 ). — Archbishop Morton, 
 bom at St. Andrews, was distinguished for 
 his talent during the reign of Henry VL, 
 Edward IV., aad Richbrd III. He was a 
 worm and lealous partisan of the House of 
 Lancaster, and was raised to the episcopal 
 bench shortly after the accession of Henry 
 VII. In 1497 he received the purple fiom 
 Alexander VI., and died the following year at 
 the advanced age of 90. 
 
 Chap. II. (p. 33).— More first met Erasmus 
 at the Uble of the Lord Mayor in 1498. The 
 subject of conversation had turned on the Real 
 Presence. More warmly defended the Catholic 
 doctrine, while Erasmus, influenced by a spirit 
 of contradiction, openly attacked it. The dis- 
 pute waxed warm, when Erasmus, prt-Med for 
 an answer, exclaimed: " Aut tu es Moms aut 
 Angelus;" to which More replied, facetiously: 
 " Aut tues Erasmus aut diabolus." The dis. 
 putanta then ahook hands, and Erasmus 
 acknowledged himself conquered, but pre> 
 served in bis heart a deaire of avenging his 
 defeat. An opportunity aoon presented itself. 
 More had lent his friend a horse to return to 
 Belginm, and Erasmus kept the animal, and 
 returned the following epigram to More :— 
 
 Quod mihi dixisti 
 
 De corpora Chriat 
 
 Crede quod edis. et edis; 
 
 Sie tibi rescribo 
 
 Pe tuo PaUHdo: 
 
 Crede quod habes, et habea. 
 hap. XXII. (Note a,p. 190).— After uxor- 
 cttia Mori, add :-~ 
 Qui tumulum Alicia huno destino quiqna 
 mihi 
 Una mihi dadit hoc coqjuilcta, virentibua annia 
 
 Me vocet ut puer et trina pnella pa'irem. 
 Altera provignis (qun gloria rara noveron est) 
 Tarn piam quam gnatia vix f\iii ilia suia 
 Altera sic mecum vixit, sic altera vivit 
 Clarior insertum est hac sit, an hcc ftieiit. 
 
 O simul, O juncti poteramus vivere noa tres 
 Quam bene si fata religioque sinant 
 At societ tumulus, societ nos osecro coslum 
 Sic mors, non potuit quod dare ^ita, dubit. 
 
 The following anecdote is related by Staple- 
 ton : A citiaen of Winchester, tormented by 
 the black fever, which occasionally deprived 
 him of the uxe of his reason, had spared no 
 expense or trouble in his endeavours to obtain 
 a euro. On being taken to More, at that time 
 Lord Chancellor, he was affected by the man'a 
 suffering, and endeavoured to cur* him, but in 
 vain ; he therefore prayed for the unfortunate 
 victim, when he wu suffering severely from 
 his malady, (even more severely than uaual), 
 and reason gradually resumed her power over 
 the patient Aa long aa More had his liberty, 
 and the poor man waa permitted to see him, he 
 remained free from every attack ; but scarcely 
 had More been sent to the Tower ere he re- 
 lapsed, and thua he continued ao long as the 
 Chancellor waa an inmate of the Tower. On 
 the day that More waa aentenced to death, the 
 poor man went to London and aa More was on 
 hia way to the block, he thrust himself through 
 (he soldiery and exclaimed : " Do you know 
 me. More, do you reoogniae the poor man 
 whom you rescued flrom the devil. Oh t pray 
 for me ; pray for me I" " Yes," replied More, 
 " I recognise yoti, and ahall pray for you at my 
 laat hour. Go away, and live henceforth in 
 peace." And this man, on his return to Win- 
 chaater, was cured of his file. 
 
 ftom 
 
 WIM 
 
4M 
 
 HOTBI. 
 
 Tht fnlh'Jiinit Imi* wr* writttn by Sir Tkomat 
 Mart, on tht death <\f BliMabith, Quttn to 
 Htnrf) yil. — 
 
 Yel WM I Ulely promiMid olherwlM 
 Thi» year to liv« in wchI uid in <1«U|iht, 
 Lo, to what coiuuih »:i Iky blandishing pro- 
 mise, 
 O fnUe Mtrology, and dWlnltriee, 
 Of God'a aecreU Taunting thytelf io wli« r 
 How true for tbU yeat l« thy pmiihccr I 
 The yeai yet laateib, and lo, here I lie I 
 
 Adieu, mine own dearspoiwo. my worthy lord, 
 The (auhful lote that did us bo(h combine 
 III marrlnge and peac«<able concord 
 Siito your hand* lure do 1 clt-an resign, 
 To be bestowed on your children <itid mi ". i 
 Erxt were ye father, now must ye oupply 
 The mother's part aUo, for here I lie. 
 
 Where are our castles nowf Where are our 
 
 towers' 
 Goodly Richmond, soon art thou gone from me, 
 At Westminster, that costly work of yours. 
 Mine o«i> dt-ar lord, now shall I never see i 
 Almighty God, vouilsafe to grant that ye, 
 For you and children well may edify ; 
 My palace bulWed is, for lo, now here I lie I 
 
 Farewell my daughter. Lady Marftarete, 
 God wot full ofk it gileved bath my mind, 
 
 That ye should go where we might leldoin 
 
 meet, 
 Now I am gone, and here left you bf hind, 
 O mortal folk, but wo be very blind, 
 Wliat we Icait fear full It U most nigh, 
 Prom you depart 1 Aral, now here 1 lie I 
 
 Adieu, lord Henry, loving son, adieu. 
 Our Lord increase your honor and estate ; 
 Adieu, my daughter Mary, bright of hue, 
 God make you virtuous, wise, and fortunate \ 
 Adieu, sweetheart, my little daughter Kate, 
 Thou shalt, sweet b*h«, such It ll.y destiny. 
 Thy mother nevei know, for lo, now here I lie! 
 
 Lady Cecily, Lady Anne, and Lady Katharine! 
 Farewell, my well-beloved aUters three. 
 Oh Lady Bridget, other mister mine, 
 Lo here the etid of worldly vanity. 
 Now are you well who wrihiy fidly flee, 
 And heavenly things do praise and niHgnliy, 
 Farewell, and pray for me, for lo, now here I 
 liel 
 
 A lieu, my lords, adieu, my Indies all : 
 Adieu, my faithful servauis cvtry ono j 
 Adieu, my Cotninons, whom I never ihall 
 See in thin world— whrrefore to Thee aloi.o, 
 ImmortM Go i, vtjrily three In one 
 I now commend ; thy InAtiiie mercy 
 Shaw to thy sarviut, for now here 1 lie! 
 
|o wbwt wt mighl Mldom 
 
 •nd hara \tti you be bind, 
 It MTo b« very blind. 
 ttr full II U raoti nlfh, 
 1 Ant, now h«r* 1 tU I 
 
 7, lovini aon, adieu, 
 w your hunor and vitnt* { 
 Iter Mary, bright of hita, 
 irtuou*, wi«e, and fortunate { 
 rt, my little daughter Kate, 
 t bah«, iuuh la tliy deatiny, 
 II know, for lo, now here 1 lie! 
 
 1y Anne, and l.ady Kalharinu ! 
 
 ill beloved aiKti'ra three, 
 
 t, other miitiir mine, 
 
 of MPorldly vHnliy, 
 
 II who earthly folly flee, 
 
 mga du praiee and niagnliy, 
 
 ay for me, for lo, now here I 
 
 , adieu, my Indiea all : 
 rul aervania i-viry onu { 
 inona, whom I never thall 
 1— whrrvfore to Thee aloi.o, 
 reilly ibree In one 
 ; thy Infinite mercy 
 rwt, fornowherellWI 
 
 INDEX, 
 
 AcouBATioNS, falie, brought againat the 
 monki, 36s. 
 
 Adrian elevated to the Pontifloal throne, 
 109. 
 
 Alicb, the wife of Sir ThomH More, viiite 
 her huaband, « prisoner in the Tower of 
 London, 351. 
 
 Anmatis, the, m abolished, 313. 
 
 Anns or Bbi-ttany affianced to Maxi- 
 milian I. Kin(( of the Romans, I \ She 
 ((ires her hand to Charles VIII., 13. 
 
 Annb or Clbvbi. Her portrait painted 
 by Holbein, 337. Her arrival in Eng- 
 land, 338. Mar.'ied to Henry VIII., 339. 
 Sent to Richmond. 343. Her trial in 
 the House of Lordi, 344. Her marriage 
 with Henrj annulled, 34S. She accepts 
 the decision with submission, 347. 
 
 Arthur, the uldest son of Henry VII. 
 
 His birth, 7. Murricd to Katharine of 
 Arragon, 18. His d^ath, 18. 
 Abkb, the leader ot the pearints who 
 rebelled against the Reformation, 396. 
 He is summoned i;c» lay down his nrius, 
 397. Called to Lon loa by Henry VIII.. 
 arrested and haniired, 299. 
 
 ASBBRTIO SBrTKiMt SaCRAU BNTORUM, 
 
 90. 
 AnoiiBT, Thoma». succeed* Thomas More 
 
 in the office of l^ard Chvicellor, 216. 
 
 He presiiles at tho trial of Katherine 
 
 Howard, 355. 
 AcflTiN, St., the Apoitte of BiiKland. Hia 
 
 tomb is violated bf oirdor of Henry VII!., 
 
 306. 
 Aybcodoh, Anne, preaches against the 
 
 Real Pre;i6noe j is imprisoned acid burnt 
 
 alive, ?S0. 
 
 B. 
 
 Barton, Elisabeth, sumamed the Nun of 
 Kent. Her visions and predictions. 336. 
 Examined by Cratomer and Cromwell, 
 337. Accused of treason ( condemned 
 and hanged, 337. 
 
 ^,:: . -r taken prisoner at Guinegate, 47. 
 ».n'if<tion given to him by Henry VIII. 
 ii:\:'i Maximilian I.. 48. He recovers hia 
 MHfj, 48. At Marignan, 64. Mortally 
 wounded at Rebeo. 133. 
 
 Bbckit, St. Thomas, cited to appear 
 before the ootjncil of Henry VIII. and 
 condemned to be bujnt. 307. Hia tomb 
 is violated ard the sentence carried into 
 execution, 300. 
 
 BiBLB, the English, 373. 
 
 BiLNBY, Mcused of Heresy, and con- 
 demned to suffer by the hand of th* 
 sxeotttionar, 314. 
 
 Bishop or Tarbbs, the, intrigues with 
 Henry VIII. in the divorce question, 141. 
 Bishop of Tournay refuses to take the 
 oath of fealty to Henry VIII., 49. 
 
 BiBHnps, the, in England, give the first 
 example of apostacy, 334. 
 
 BoLBYN, Anne, one of the maids of 
 honour )! Mary of England] fallows 
 that prineesff into Prance, 64. Anne at 
 the Field of the Cloth of GoL' 81. Her 
 family, 133. Early days, 134. Suspected 
 of not having resisted the seduction of 
 FriMnrin 1, 135. She enters the family 
 of the Duchess of Aienfon, 135. Herper> 
 eonal appearance, according to Seinders, 
 135. At the court of England, 136. 
 She receives the addresses of Tliomu 
 Percy, 136. She quits the service of 
 Queen Katharine of Anragon, 130. 
 
 iffifiiiiii 
 
4UA 
 
 tNDBX. 
 
 lUturni to tha court, and at flrit nc 
 pulKi the advance! of Henry VIII., 137. 
 Bndeavouri to ruin Wul«ey in the kin(('i 
 entimation, 177- Manifests a devire 
 of being preaented to Prancia I., 918. 
 Receivea the title of Marrhiuneas of Hem- 
 broke, 318. Signa of pregnancy, ai8. 
 Seoretly married to Henry VIII., 320. 
 Crowned Queen of England, 337. Givea 
 birth to a daughter, who receivea the 
 name of Elisabeth, 338. A oommitaion 
 uppoioted to examine into her miaoon- 
 d(!ct, 378. At the tournament of Green- 
 wich, 280. Arrested and conducted to 
 the Tower, 380. Her despair, 381. 
 Guarded by Lady Rochford, Mrs.Cosyns, 
 an(] Mrs.Stonor,28l?. Her letter to Henry 
 VMl., 3<34. Her accomplices, Norrts, 
 WTeHton, Smeatoa, and Brereton are 
 oondemneil, 380. She appears before 
 her judges, 386. Hears the act of accusa- 
 tion read and defends herself, 386. She 
 ia condemned; protests her innocence, 
 2G7. Her accomplices are executed, 
 388. Aijks pardon of Mary, the daughter 
 of Katharine of Arragon for ail the trouble 
 
 , that cho has caused her, 290. Her last 
 message to Henry ViII,,390. Her death 
 
 ' wad interment, 291. 
 
 BoLBYN. Thomas, the favourite of He nrj 
 
 , Vlll, 133. Created Viscount Rochford 
 ud treMurer to the king, 137. 
 
 BoNNiVRT, Admiral, is sent to Lnnilon 
 by Francis I. to negotiate the rfatiiutiun 
 of Tournay, 69. He seises upon Fonts- 
 rabia, 108. Hi* success in Italy, 122. 
 BoBWORTH, the battle of, 3. 
 BotmaoN, the constable of, atteroptu to 
 betray France, 110. His property ii 
 confiscaUd, 120. Hepropoacti to WuUey 
 . to make Henry VIII. King of Prance, 
 130. At Rebec, 123. Swears fealty to 
 Henry, 124. Re-enters France and 
 marches against Avignon, las. After 
 having in vain benieged Marseillea, he 
 retiree, 125- Before Francis I. at PavIs, 
 137. Takes measures fur marching 
 against Paria, 139. Laya aiege to Roioe, 
 147, His troops demolish the ohurchei, 
 the monasteries, Stc, 148. Promises 
 his soldiers the pillage of Rome, 100, 
 Dies in scaling the walls of that city, 102. 
 BucKiMOHAU, the duke of; hia origin, 
 84. Aspires to the crown of England, 
 84. Sojourns with Hopkins, tho prior 
 of the Carthusians, 85. Spied by 
 Wolsey, who danouncea him to Henry 
 VIII. Summoned to the court, 8S. 
 Accuaed of high treason, and arrested, 
 96. Appears before his judges, 86. 
 Found guilty and condemr><:d, 87. His 
 execution, 87. 
 
 0. 
 
 Campbooio, Cardinal, sent to England by 
 Clement VII., 164. His arrival in Lon- 
 don, 167. He ia received by Henry 
 VIH., 157. Refuses the bishoprick of 
 Durham, 168. Prevails on Henry to 
 renounce hia projecta of a divorce, 168. 
 Received by Katharine of Arragon, 168. 
 Refuaea to visit Anne Boleyn, 169. 
 Noble reply which he made to Henry's 
 •ttomeya, 176. He leaves England, 
 
 !78. 
 
 CARTHUaiANfl. The priors refnae to tak« 
 the oath of gupreroacy, 343. Arrested 
 •ad taken to the Tower, 343. Their 
 condemnation, 344. They are led to 
 execution, 244. Calumniea apread 
 tgainat them, 945. 
 
 Caialb Qommisaioned to deCtnd at Rome 
 
 the question of the divorce between 
 Henry VIII. and Katharine of Arragon, 
 158. 
 
 Castili.1 revolts and reclaims ber ancient 
 liberties, 7'. 
 
 Chablkb VIII., King of France, invades 
 Brittany, 11. He invests the town of 
 Rennea where Anne of Brittany reaided, 
 13. He marries that princess, 12. 
 Concludes a treaty with Henry VII., and 
 ^btaina pesireable posseasion of Brittany, 
 13. 
 
 CBARLca V. purchasea the votes of the 
 electors of the empire, 73. Proclaimed 
 emperor, 76. Hig character, 70. Arrive* 
 in England, 78. Besieges M^iidret, 
 Idi. Summoned by Francis I. to deUver 
 up Navarre to the widow of John 
 
Imiral, ii lent to Lnmlon 
 to neKotiate (he rfstiiutinn 
 
 19. He leiies upon Funta- 
 :li« tuocesi in Italy, 123. 
 
 B battle of, a. 
 constable of, attempt» to 
 «, 110. Hit property U 
 
 20. HepropoiCH to WoUcy 
 iry VIII. Kinn of Prance, 
 beo, 123. Swears fealty to 
 
 Re-enters France and 
 inst Avignon, 12S. After 
 kin be«ieKed Marseilles, he 
 
 Before Kranois I. at Pavia, 
 s measures fur marching 
 ,129. Lays aieKe tu Roioe, 
 Dops demoliih the ohurchei, 
 ries, Stc, 148. Promiset 
 the pillage of Rome, 100, 
 \f( the walls of that city, 162. 
 , the duke of; his origin, 
 
 to the crown of England, 
 IS with Hopkins, the prior 
 bhusians, 85. Spied by 
 9 denounces him to Henry 
 imoned to the court, 8S. 
 high treason, and arrested, 
 re before his Judges, 86. 
 y and condomnad, 87< His 
 
 r. 
 
 INtiRX. 
 
 490 
 
 1 of the divorce between 
 , and Katharine of Arragon, 
 
 alts and reclaims ber anoieut 
 
 [I., King of France, invades 
 I. He invests the town of 
 ire Anne of Brittany resided, 
 marries that princess, 12. 
 t treaty with Henry VII., and 
 .:eftble possession of Brittany, 
 
 purcbasea the votes of the 
 the empire, 73. Proclaimed 
 i. His character, 75. Arrives 
 d, 78, Besieges M^aidret, 
 mooed by Francis I. to deUver 
 re to the widow of John 
 
 d'Albrel, 103. Hears of the defeat of 
 Frwtois at Pavia, 128. Meditates the 
 sulijiigation of Italy, 128, Urged in 
 vain by Henry VIll. to invade Guyenne, 
 130, Refuses the hand of Mary of Eng- 
 land. 131. Ordains that puldic prayers 
 be offered for the deliverance of Clement 
 VII., 155, Arrives at Rome, 198. 
 Crowned emperor, 199- Refuses the 
 offers of the ambasiiadors of Henry 
 VIII. on the subject of the divorce of 
 that prince from Katharine, 200. He 
 enters into negotiations with England 
 on the subject of a war with France, 302. 
 Military operations against Francis I., 
 364. After having in vain besieged 
 Landr<cies, be retires, 364. Invades 
 France a second time, 365. Marches on 
 Paris, 360. Treats with Francis, 366. 
 Clehint VII. confirms WoUey in the 
 office of legste h latere, 117. CiilU upon 
 the princes of Christendom to repel 
 S(diman, about to invade Germany, 126. 
 At the approach of the Imperialists, who 
 threaten Rome, he makes a vain appeal 
 to the Christian world for assistance, 
 148. Levies troops to oppose the march 
 of the Germans upon Rome, 148. Sum- 
 moned by the constaWe of Bourbon to 
 deliver up Rome, and refusas, J 90. He 
 treau with the Imperialist* (>» what 
 conditioner 165. Takes refuge in the 
 fortress of Orvieto, 156. Grants the 
 necessary powers for debating and de- 
 ciding the question of divorce between 
 Henry VIII. and Katharine of Arragon. 
 159. Resists the solicitationa and 
 menaces of Gardiner, sent by Henry 
 VIII., 164. Forbids the latter to marry 
 before the publication of ■ Pontifical 
 decree, 200. Confers on Cranmer the 
 office of Grand Penitentiary of the three 
 kingdoms, 200. Intervenes in favour of 
 Katharine, 213. Replies to the King of 
 England, who acuuses him of ignorance 
 and bad faith, 315. Annuls the sentence 
 that pronounced the divorce between 
 Henry and Katharin^ 229. His solemn 
 entry into Marseilles, 230. Refuses 
 Henry VIII. perroiasioa to appeal to a 
 general council, 931. After hftving taken 
 the advice of the sacred college, he pro- 
 nounces the validitj of Hdory'a fint 
 marriage, 232. Hia death. 93S. 
 
 Cl«iiuy, the Irish, refuse to acknowledge 
 
 Lambert Simnel as King of EoKland. 8. 
 
 CLiProkO, falsely accuses William Stanley 
 
 of bemg an accomplice of Petkin War- 
 
 beck, 15. 
 
 Cooiii.<«UH, refuses his approbation of the 
 
 divorce, 204. 
 CoLBT. founds the Jesuits' College at 
 London, 33. He preaches at the court of 
 Henry VIII , 33. His atiacke on the 
 monks 34. 
 CoMfBTiTORa, for the empire, 72. 
 CoNrssBioN or Faith, tbe English, drawn 
 
 up by Henry VIll. and Cranmer, 320. 
 Cornwall, tbe inhabitants of, refuse to 
 pay new subsidies, rebel and are routed 
 at Deptford, 16. 
 Cranmkr, Thomas. His e»riy years, 196. 
 He marries -facqueline-la-Noire, 196. 
 His character, 197. He lives with Mr. 
 Ctessy, 197- His conversation with 
 Gardiner relative to tbe divorce, 197* 
 Summoned by Henry VIII., 197. Com- 
 poses a book in favour of the divorce, 
 198. Sent to Rome b- Henry, 199. 
 Received by Clem*nt VII., 200. Sets 
 out for Germany, where he marries 
 Osiander's niece, 206. Nominated Arch- 
 bishop of Canterbury, 221. His oath 
 to Henry, 2il. Consecrated at Westmin- 
 8te'., 922, He secretly protests against 
 the oath which he had lieen obliged to 
 take to the Sovereign Pontiff, 232. He 
 manages the divorce affair, 224. Pro- 
 nounces the dissolution of the marriage 
 between Henry and Katharine, 22(S. 
 Declares the union of Henry with Anne 
 Boleyn legitimate, 226. Insult to the 
 courage of Sir Thomae More, who 
 refuses to take the oath of supremacy. 
 940. He learns from a dispatch that he 
 receives from the king the crime of which 
 Anne la accused, 281. His reply to the 
 king, 282. Pronounces the divorce 
 between Henry and Anne Boleyn, 289. 
 His conduct in the case of the heretics, 
 316. Dispute with Lambert, the school- 
 master, on Catholic dogmas, 3 16. Has 
 a Bible published in English, 320. 
 Alarmed at the adoption of the statute 
 of the Six Articles, he sends back his 
 wife to Germany, 336. Undertakes the 
 defence of Cromwell accused of high 
 treeaon. Hie letter to tbA kiim on thie 
 
480 
 
 IXOKX. 
 
 ' inlijeot. 349. Ht rereal* tu Hvnry 
 tha all«s«d mlneonduct of Ktthtrina 
 Howard, 333. Cdmmittioiied to obtain 
 fruin her tha avjwal uf her faulta, 354. 
 The inarriaiia of Htnry Vill with 
 Katharine Farr ia hia wurk. With what 
 ftirn? 300. Hie atrvtlity towarda Henrj 
 Vlil., 370. Uenuunced to tha kioK hy 
 tha canuna of Canterbury, 373. The 
 plot againat him faila, 374. Kia influence 
 over Henry'a uiind, 374. SiruKKl* 
 between him and tianllnar, 37ft. A new 
 plot iiKain«t him, 375. He it pretent at 
 the condemnation \if Norfolk, 388. At 
 Henry'* tieathhcd, 390. 
 
 CiioivN or Emoland, tba, found in t 
 iiuiih, a. 
 
 CiiaMwaLt, pleada Woiaey'a oauie at the 
 Hou»e of Lorda, 181. At the court of 
 Henry VIII., 906. Hia interview with 
 the king, 308. MeditRten tlie abolition 
 of the laat priviloRaa of the Holj Sre. 
 914. Attempt to force the Carthutian 
 
 , prior* to tkko the o«th of aupremacy, 943. 
 
 Obliffea the Jury to condemn thoii 
 reli^iout, 944. Triea to acduc* Thomu 
 More, hut faila, 353. Renewed attempt* 
 to gain him over. They alto fail, 2H. 
 Appiiinted Vicar-Kerieral, aOfl. Propuui 
 to tha king the diaaoiiition of tha mona*. 
 teriea. 967. Conceive* the project of brinK- 
 ing a lawtutt aHainii Thomat It Beckei, 
 307. Attrmp'.a in vain to gain over Ckn 
 dinal Pole iu favour of the divorce, 335. 
 Certain aif na the forerunnera of hia fall, 
 
 336. Beeka to pretfent hia diagrace liy 
 marrying tha king to » Lulhrran, 336. 
 Propo*ea Anne of Clavea to tha kin;;, 
 
 337. Hia triumph at tha Hou*e of Coin- 
 mona. He ia created Earl of E<t*ex, 'Mti. 
 Impriaont aeveral biahopa auaptctcU of 
 favouring a return to Catholiciim, 341. 
 Arreated ami led to the Tower, 341. 
 Accuvationa brought againat him, 341. 
 JIudKrd without a hearing and condemned 
 to death, 343. Lad to tha block, 34D. 
 Remarka on hia character, 350. 
 
 D. 
 
 DaCRBTAt., 157. 
 
 DcBATia on the qui>ation of divorce 
 between Henry and Katharine, 173- 
 Diaputea nn the Catholic dogma between 
 Henry and Lambert, the achoolmaater, 
 dlO. 
 
 UiaaoLUTiON of the monaateriea iu Eng- 
 land, 909. 
 
 DonaKT, the oommander of tha Engliab 
 forcea on tha ooaat of Guipuacoa, deceived 
 
 by Peidinand of Arragon. 49. Obliged 
 
 him to return to England. 49. 
 Dv BiLLAY, Biahop of Bayonne. aent to 
 
 Rome to negotiate a rneonciliation be> 
 
 tween Clement VH. and Henry VUI., 
 
 331. 
 DucHias D'Albmcon, the, aiatcr of 
 
 Francia I., accuasd of incest, 136. 
 
 Reftuea the hand of Henry VHI offered 
 
 to her by "'oUey, 144. 
 
 B. 
 
 EowABD VT. proolaimed King of England 
 M :he death of Henry VI!I. 301. Fon 
 bidx mourning for bia father, 301. 
 
 Elieambth or Yobk. deUined at the 
 Tower, is liberated by order of Hanry 
 VM. and brought to London, 4, She 
 beoomea the wife of Henry VII., 8. 
 
 Elizabbth, the daughter of Henry VHI. 
 and Anne Boleyn. Her birth, 998. 
 
 •• EfcOOB DB UA FowB. L'," eond«Dn«d 
 by the Sorboone, 3ft. 
 
 EK?aoir AKO Dudi-by, prevaricating 
 tniniatera, appear before their judges, M. 
 They »how that they have only executed 
 tha lawa aanetioecd by Rovarnmant, 30. 
 
 They aro condemned, 30. Their execu- 
 tion, retarded at firtt through the int«^ 
 ceaaion of Katliarine of Arragon, take* 
 pluca on Tower Hill, .*I0. 
 
 Bnoland aeparalea from tha communion 
 f>f Rone, 934. Religioua Reaction, 331. 
 
 Epidbmic in EuKland, 165. 
 
 Ebmhmu* presented to Henry VIlI., Prince 
 01 Walea, 26. He quite Italy to come 
 to England, and takea up hit abode with 
 Sir Thoifaa Mora, 39. Dedicatee a book 
 to Woltey, 39. Hia opinbn on tht 
 "Aaaertiw," t»9. 
 
 BOBorB, iu poaition at tha end of tfa« 
 filtaeath oentniy. 39. 
 
 mm 
 
i« Jury to condamn thoM 
 44. Trie* to Mduc* Thomu 
 ■iU, 353. Renewed attein|)U 
 
 ov«r. They altu fail, 354. 
 y^ic»r-Kcrieral, aOfl. Propuui 
 ih< dlMoliition of tiia mooM- 
 [Conceive* ih« projaot of bring. 
 lit >HAin*t Thoniat k Beckei, 
 iip:« in vain to gain over C«n 
 u (kvuur of the divorce, 335. 
 IB tlie for* runnera of hU fall, 
 a to prevent hia diagraca I7 
 la king to » Lulhrran, 336. 
 nne of Clevea to the kint;, 
 rlumph al the Hou»e uf Com- 
 ia created Earl of Exaez, 'Mo. 
 levenl biahopa auap«utcd of 
 
 return to Catholiciam, 341. 
 Ill led to the Tower, 341. 
 1 brought againat him, 341. 
 luut a hearing and conilauinf d 
 13. Lad to the block, 349. 
 I hia obaraeter, 3S0. 
 
 id of Arragon, 49. Obliged 
 rn to Englund, 49. 
 Biahop of Bayonne, aent to 
 egutiate m rneonciliation be> 
 lent VII. and Henry VIII., 
 
 Albmcon, the, aiater of 
 accuasd of incest, 136. 
 hand of Henry VIII offered 
 olaey, 144. 
 
 ndemned, 30. Their execu- 
 ed at (irtt through the int«^ 
 Kattiarine of Arragun, takei 
 wer Hill, M. 
 
 [Mimlea from the commanion 
 }4. Religioua Reection, 331. 
 EiiKland, 165. 
 
 lenied to Henry VIII., Prince 
 36. He quite Italy to oome 
 and takea up hia abode with 
 More, 33. Dedicatee a book 
 39. Hia opinba on the 
 M. 
 
 poaition »t the end of tfae 
 ntary, 3(L . 
 
 na>n. 
 
 491 
 
 F. 
 
 PtRDiwANo or AmiAOON treata with 
 Urnry, 38. Tahea advantage of hi* 
 alliance with that prince to conquer 
 NNvarre. 41. 
 
 FraxiviTiiiB, at the e<ironatinn of Henry 
 VIII. anil Katharine of Arrauon, 38. 
 
 FtBLD <tf THB C1.0TH or Gold, 77. 
 
 PmH, Simon, publiahad the " Supplicaclun 
 of the PiKir," a pamphlet againat the 
 monke, 313. It ia refuted by SirThomai 
 More, 313. 
 
 FiaHBR, Biahop of Roehetter. Ilia opinion 
 on the " Aaaertio," 9 J. He anathamaiiaea 
 Luther and hia doctrinea, 05. Defenda 
 the " Aiiertio" againat the attack* of the 
 German Refonnrr. 99. Hia rondacl in 
 the divorce queaiion, 174. Denouncea. 
 in the Houae of Lords the |M-ojecta of 
 th.- ariatocracy •grninat the clergy. 30<J. 
 Hia opinion of the Nun of Kent. 336. 
 Areiiaed of nnn revelation in thia aff.iir. 
 33S. Dafenda himeelf and ia acquitted, 
 338. Refuaee to take che onth of aupre- 
 many, 839. Impnaon«d in the Tower, 
 340. Loaca hia property and hia title of 
 Biahop. Hia gooda are aotd for the 
 benefit of the orown. 340. Complete 
 atateof privation in which bei* left, 345. 
 Hia Utter to Crorawe^l, 34S. Bi-fore hia 
 judKca. 347. Hia iiaat moinenu, 347. 
 Hia death, 24« 
 
 Flbubanobb, tiia hiatorian of the Field 
 of the Cloth of Gold. 79. 
 
 Flbbt, the Engliab, defeated in the Roada 
 of Breat, 43. 
 
 FoRBBT. Father. Katharina of Arragon'a 
 confeaaor, confined at Newgate for having 
 attacked in' the pulpit the marriage of 
 Henry VIII. with Anne Boleyn, 374. 
 Receivea, while in priaon, a Intter from 
 Katharine of Arragon, 874. Hia reply, 
 
 874. 
 Fox, Richard, Seoretaiy of the Privy Seal, 
 
 36. 
 Fbamcib I. Hia aroeaaioi , »9. Hia cha- 
 racter, 69. He prepania to paaa over 
 the Alpe, ^9. Hia ireity with Henry 
 VIII., 60. He pen«tr.tea into Italy. 
 62. At Mangnano, 63. Knighted by 
 Bayard. 64. Draw a up the bulletin of 
 the battle of H«r'ignano, 64. Mcditatea 
 A daacent on the coBitof England, .^7. 
 
 Hia polltica, 68. Negotiatea the reatitu. 
 tion of Tiiiirnay. fl» Ohtaina it. On 
 what condition*, 6tf. Winhea to auc- 
 cved Maximilian. 73. Decrlved by 
 Henry VIII., 73. Disappointment that 
 he fteU at the news of the election of 
 Charlua the V.. 76. He reclaim* the 
 exe^iiiion of the treaty which decided 
 that there ahould be an interview be- 
 tween the Klnj[ of France and the King 
 of England, 78. Conteat with Henry 
 VIII. in a tuurnament at the Field of 
 the Cloth of Gold, 83. Deceived by 
 Wolaey. 83. Deceived a aecond time by 
 Hen^y VIII., t03. Entera Spain, but ia 
 forced to evaeuate that country, 104. 
 Being attacked by Henry, He mediiatea 
 a deacent in Ireland, and pUoe* an 
 embargo on Engl>»h ahipa. 111. Attacked 
 by the Spaniarda and ibe Gerroitn*, 13 1. 
 Hi* letter to the inh..hitaaita of Maraeillea, 
 thauking them for their devotadneaa to 
 hia peraon, 126. He i* taken pnaoner at 
 Pavia, 137. Being wounded ha ia taken 
 to the Carthuaian Monaatery, 138. A 
 priaoner at Milan, 130. Acoepta at flrat 
 the hand of the Prinoraa Marr, the 
 dauiihter of Henry VIII.. 140. Refunea 
 Henry the band of the Princeaa Renee, 
 144. Hia interview with Henry at Calaia, 
 318. Laboura to bring about a recon- 
 ciliation between the oourta of Rome and 
 London, 319. Hia di**atiafaotion ft the 
 marriage of Henry with Aniw Bu)eyn. 
 230 Hia interview with Clement at 
 Maraeillea, 331. He restate the aolicita- 
 tion* of Henry VIII., who eecka to lead 
 him into the aobiaro, 36 < . C^uaea of hi* 
 niptur* with the King of England, 363. 
 Being attacked by Henry VIII. and 
 Charlea V.. he aeiaea on Landrecie* and 
 invade* Luxemburg. 363. Ho arrive a 
 precipiutely at Landreciea, bcaieged by 
 Cbariea V., 364. Hia tiwty with 
 Charlee, 366. Naval war with EiiKland, 
 367. Ha makee peace with that country, 
 368. 
 
 Fbith, ancuaod of hereay, ia condemned 
 to be burned alive, 314. Hewit, hia 
 diaciple, tharea liia fate, 316. 
 
 FBQMOtQBBO. Hia death, lU. 
 
 mm 
 
as 
 
 !«»■» 
 
 AMDlMia IhrMinna Clvimm VII. with th« 
 •cliittn of RnxlAnd with Rom*, t7<>. 
 Nominatft) |ltiih'<|> of Wuirlieitrr, kfUr 
 (ha •xecullon of Fiihaif, JM. Tha 
 laadar of the Catholic parly in Bnglanil, 
 SJI. ila (iraachaa agalnM tha Raforraa- 
 tioD, 331. Ilia eontaat w^ib Cranmtr, 
 
 m. 
 
 Q 01 Mao ATM, tha I^MtU of, if, 
 
 Uo'ai, tha Duka of, wounded hy a atruka 
 
 from a Unc* bt for* Hi.'uloane. 369. 
 OuiaoT. Tha oharactara of tha rali|(iaui 
 
 rtvohition In Knfi(land datarmioad by 
 
 Ihia hialorlan, iti. 
 
 H. 
 
 HAmoiNO, Thomu. Oita of Tyudal'a 
 Bihlea bring found in hit poaaaiiion, ha 
 ia eondamnad to ba biiri.t aliva, 314. 
 
 Hbmrt VII. proclalmad King of Kitf<l*nd, 
 9. What were hia clalmt to tli« rrown, 
 8. liia antry into Ix)nd"'\ J Ilia 
 ooroDBtion, i. Ha impritona Bdwird 
 Plantagenat in theTowar, 4. Applica to 
 the Pope to obtain tlie bgitimation of 
 hia ilfihta to th« throne of Bnnland. 4. 
 Viaita the difr<-rant provlncea of tha 
 eoiinirj, 0. iilarriaa Kliaabeth, 0. Pre- 
 parea to realat the p&rtitana of Lainbrrt 
 Simnal. 9- DIacipHno maintained in hia 
 army, 0. Hia cupidity, 0. He demanda 
 from Partiamtint the ithoUtlon of the law 
 of " Maintenance," tO. After hfving 
 conquered the Iriah, he begina to gla-vce 
 at Uin continent, U. Ha obtaina new 
 ■ubaidiea from Parliament under pretext 
 of maintaining the Independence of 
 Brittanjr, 11. He rouaea tha warlilie 
 paaaiona of ihe nation, 19. Landa at 
 Cal^a, 13. Offera peaoe to the King of 
 France, 13. Hia aavarity alarma the 
 partixana of Lambert Simnel, 1 S. Signa 
 the order for Wanrick'a ecacntioE, :8. 
 Top^a led by remorae, he wiahaa to pro- 
 teat againat the marriage of Lla aeoond 
 •on with Katharine of Arragon, 30. Sella 
 juatica to hia aubjecta, 91. Hia laat 
 momenta and hia death, 99. A glance 
 at his teign, 99. 
 
 HaifBT, D(;h of Yobk, takea the title 
 of Prince of Walet, 18. Affianced to 
 KjUbarine of Arragon, 10. Proteata 
 againat the ralidity of hia union with 
 that princeaa, 19. 
 
 Hbnkt VIII. Hia ncceaaion to the throne* 
 93. Hia peraona) appearance, 24. Hia 
 •duealion, 94. He forma hia miniatr^. 
 
 90. Praaanta to tha Council the qufi- 
 tion of hia marriage with Katharina of 
 Arragon, 97- He marriaa that princat*. 
 97. Hia coronation, 98. Takea tha 
 oath aa King of BrtKland, 98. Altera 
 the formulary of the oath, 98. Hit 
 attitude during tha frttival of tha coro- 
 nation, SB. He eonflrma th« amneity 
 gmnted by hia fhthnr, 90. He patronit«( 
 the poeta, 31. Bncouragaa tha atudy oi 
 Greek hy aome mainbera of the cSargy, 
 34. He treata with Ferdinand c. 
 Arragnn, 39. Oeclarea war againit 
 Liiuia XII., 41. Raclaima from that 
 ptinco tha reatitution at Guyeniie, 41. 
 Danianda and obtain* siibfiidira for pro- 
 aecuting the war with Prance, 42. Being 
 deceived by Ferdinand of Arragon, hf 
 ordera Doraet to obey the ordera of that 
 prince, 49. Hia troop*, aa unfortunate 
 by land aa by aea, return into Bngland, 
 49. Deceived by hia alliaa, 44. Joina 
 Leo X. againat Louie XII., 49. Intrutta 
 Wolaey with the military preparation!, 
 40. Seta out on hia expedition againat 
 France and lanJa at Calaia, 40. Quit* 
 that town logo to theaiege of Tarouanne, 
 40. At Gulnegate, 47. Doea not take 
 advantage of hia victory, 48. Marchea 
 againat TouVnay, and takee poaaeaaion of 
 that place, 46. He ia diapoaed to treat 
 with Lonia XII., 59. Abandoned by hia 
 alliea, 69. Conaenta to the union of hia 
 •later Mary with HulTolk, 66. R«faaea 
 the duchy of Milan offend to him 
 by Maximilian I.. C0. Ia anxiooa 
 to obtain the imperial crown, 73. De- 
 elarea himaelf unexpectedly a oom|/«titor 
 forthe empire, 74- Bmbarka for Calaia,79. 
 Conteat in a tournament at the Field 
 «( tlM Qoth of Gold Iwtwaaa Uwry 
 
T 
 
 ih< H*nt« of, 47. 
 
 uka of, wounded hy ■ •(rukf 
 f b( for* ili.'ulotfne, 3<S9. 
 t ohtncUirf of th« rtli((ioui 
 in KngUnd dtWrrmlntd hj 
 m, aoa. 
 
 ita to tht Council lli« qa*|. 
 
 niarri*K« with Kathikrina of 
 Ha marrici that princMi, 
 soronaiion, 38. Takci iht 
 ing of BnntUnd, 38. Altcre 
 iry of the o«th, 38. Hit 
 rinK tht frttival of th« coro- 
 He eoaflrmt th« Bmnetty 
 bU fhlher, 90, Ha patroniut 
 1. Eneoura((ca tha atudy ni 
 lome niainberi of tha clarfijc 
 treata with Ferdinund c. 
 19. Oeclarea war aflainit 
 , 41. Kai'laima from that 
 rtatitution ut Guyenti«>, 41. 
 ind obtainii siibfiidira fur pri>- 
 B war with France. 43. Bainit 
 f Ferdinand of Amgon, lit^ 
 let to ob«7 the ordera of that 
 
 Hia troop*, aa unfortunate 
 by tea, return into England, 
 red by bia allita, 44. Joint 
 mat Louia XII., 4S. Intnitta 
 ;h the military preparationi, 
 )ut on hia expedition BKtintt 
 I land a at Calaia, 40. Quitt 
 ) go to the liege of Terouanne, 
 inegate, 47. Doea not talte 
 it hia victory, 48. Marehea 
 iVnay, aod takee poaaaaaion of 
 40. He ia diapoaed to treat 
 XII., S3. Abandoned by hit 
 Conaanta to the union of hit 
 r with HufTolk. 65. lUfuaea 
 
 of Milan offer«d to him 
 liiian I.. 66. Ia fuaxiont 
 he imperial crowo, 73> D*- 
 elf unexpeotadly a oom|/4titor 
 in, 74- BmbarkaforCalaia,;?. 
 
 a tonmaitaent at the Reld 
 Mh of Gold Iwtwwa Uwry 
 
 and Praneia, 83. Hia nmoru ot tha 
 nurder of Buckia^haaa, 87, Deter' 
 minaa to dtflind tha Chureb aitaekad by 
 Luther, NI. Handa tha " Ataartio " to 
 i<a<i X , 03. Ha latter to the i'upa on 
 iliia aubjact, v3. Oiiuina from La<i X. 
 lh>a title «f Defender of tha Faith, 04. 
 Triea to e«u)la tha prinraa of Otrinany 
 aKaiiKtt Luthor 94. Being inauUed by 
 the Utt«', ha refuaea to grant him the 
 pardon <whioh ha aolioitt, 101. Medltatei 
 another invaalnti of Fr»«<>t, 109. H|a 
 feara about tba money that Franria had 
 to pay him. 107. He thrfatcna M»un> 
 togue, a menibrr of Parllanntnt, to lake 
 off hit head if the tubtldiea whioh ha 
 demanded be not granted, 114. New 
 attempt to invade France, IJJ. Hit 
 tutpioiont againtt tha oontuble of Bour. 
 bon, 134. Demanda n4w •ubtidiet, 
 whioh are rafuaed him, 130. Hia am- 
 baatadora are reoelved coldly by M^rgare- 
 of Flandera, 191. He offera himaelf aa 
 a mediator between Francia I. and 
 Cbarlea V., 131. Ha traata with tha 
 former. On what condition! t 131. 
 Falia In lore with Anne Boleyo, 130. 
 Hit advanoea to that woman, 138. Ha 
 oonceiveaaomeaoruplta aa to the validity 
 of hia marriage with Katharine of Arra- 
 gon, 138. Offera to Francia I. the hand 
 of hit daughter Mary, 140. Becomea 
 Jealoua o! Wyatt, 146. Rafuaea to 
 interfere with Cbarlea V. in favour of 
 Clement VII., 155. Senda new negoeia- 
 tora to Rome to treat the divorce queation, 
 101. Announcea to Anne Bnleyn the 
 arrival of Campeggin in England, 105. 
 New demanda that he makea to Clement 
 VII. on the divorce queation, 170. Sum- 
 moned to appear before the Icgatea, 173. 
 Seiaeathe palacaof York Uoaae balouging 
 to Wolaay, 170. Dwnanda of Wolaey 
 to truafer it to the crown, 183. Senda 
 Wolaej, thru aick, a conaoUng meatage, 
 183. Meeta Holbein at Sir Thomaa 
 Mora'a, 103. Bndeavoura to draw th'> 
 latter into tha divorce qaaatioa, 105- 
 Hia interview with Cranmer, 197, Meana 
 that ha employe to gain over the uni- 
 ▼mitiea, 00 1. Raceivea Thomaa Crom- 
 well, 908. Acknowledged Head uf the 
 Churah, an. Accoaea Clement VII. of 
 if ooraaoa and bad faith, 394. Requeata 
 
 IS* 
 
 Ml Inter view with Francia 1,310. i^aeda 
 at Calala, 318. Maata Francia, n». 
 Pfuiiiiaee him to abatain from all lioa- 
 tilitiaa againal the Holy N««, Jltf. U 
 teoretly married to Anne Bclayn. 330. 
 Ha appotnta Cranmar lu the 8«e of Can< 
 terbury. For what rontivea, 33 1 . ('on- 
 vokae the national clergy, who pro. 
 nouncr in favour of the divuri^, 333. 
 Hende Suffulk to Prandt to Irj to 
 bring him into thia achiam, 330. 
 Atka Clement VII. to fall a general 
 council, 331. Attampta to dfoclva tha 
 Pupa aa to hia real intentiona, 331. 
 Obtainafrom Pariiameutnaw billa tending 
 to aboliah tha Unman communion in 
 England, 333. Altera the formulary of 
 the oath of aueoaaaion, 340. Ordaina 
 that tha Fopa'a mum be err.«aii from tha 
 Praytt^booka.341. Cauaae Pither'a head 
 to Im thrown into the Thamea, 348. 
 Ordaina that tha Carthuaian priora, on 
 being taken to execution, ahall be con- 
 veyed pwit tha window of Sir lliomaa 
 Mora, 353. Senda Pope to Sir Thomaa 
 to tell him to prepnr« for death, 3d(). 
 Comroite an outrage on tha memory of 
 Sir Thomaa More and Biahop Piahar, 
 301. Meana that he employed to main- 
 tain the religioua revolution in England, 
 363. Ordaina that there ahill be a 
 general viait of the monatterira in order 
 that he may aeiae their pro|ierty, 307. 
 Propoaea to Parliament a bill for tba 
 auppreaaion of monaateriaa, 360. Wiahea 
 to tend Katharine of Arragon to Fothe- 
 ringay Caatl«, 973. Seaka to appropriate 
 Katharioe'a property, 177. Haa tha 
 accomplicee of Anne Boleyn arreeted at 
 a tournament at tireenwioh, 380. Inform* 
 Cranmer of the crime of which Anno i« 
 aocuaed. 381. Atka Cranmar to jfiif 
 nouDoa tha diaaolution of the ui»nk^t 
 with Anne Boleyn, 388. Ha marriea 
 Jane Seymour, 301. Hia daughter Mary 
 aeeka to be reconciled with him. Con* 
 ditiona that be impotea, 303. Convokes 
 Parliament and makea it ratify the 
 divorce from Anne Boleyn and deckro 
 hia daiightera, Mary and Eliaabetb, le- 
 gitimate, 303. Hia anger againot ti.« 
 paaaanu of tha North, who revolt againak 
 tha Reformation, 305. He repliea to tho 
 manifeato of tha insurganta, 300. Pro* 
 
 <"*»«»*MtatMBK«^ 
 
4S4 
 
 niBvs. 
 
 cnlae* lo pardon lliani. 19*. M«i»ni ikM 
 b« •mpliiy»<l (<» ohutn from lli« monki 
 tb« vulunurjr c»Mtnn of Ihair mttUM- 
 tortm, 303. tl«itividMlh« ipoiU of th« 
 monaaUrlfa. 3()4. TtivM monk*, who 
 nfiiM lo K*v* up ihair hmito, ar* aaiMii, 
 •ontlamnatl, antl aiaiutad, SOS. Ha 
 vioUlaa iba timba ut Aualtn and I1iaiiia« 
 I U««ikat, 304, OtatrtbutM among bia 
 favinirtlaa Ilia rtchaa of tha monaaUrlva, 
 100 fariarutaa <h« h'rotica, and liiirna 
 tha hooka of tha fr«a>think«ra, 3l.i Ilia 
 diapttU wiih Uimbart, (h« achoolmiiatar, 
 on tha Calhohe doKtna, 310. Kapala 
 Iha Mlvanoaa of Haul 111., ail I'ru. 
 poaca again to Franria to braak wlih 
 Roma, 3'i3. Impriaona Uardinai Fula'a 
 rtUtlona, W. Fuhtical thfciira, »ito. 
 Wiahaa to put an and to iha raligioiia 
 diapMtca in Kngl»nd, 331. C«mitmpl»ita 
 Miotbar awrriage, aiul »aek« a fourth 
 wlfa, 33fl. Holteita tba hand of Anne of 
 ClavM, 3S7. Hia dlsapiMjinimant on 
 flrat aacing thdt princcaa, SJO. Reaolwa 
 •t Arat to a«nd bar hack to Uaruianjr, but 
 at langth marriaa bar. 330. Favoura 
 which ha b«atowa on Cromwall. 340. 
 Hm bin iropriaonad in th<i Towar, 341. 
 Ill* clargy pronounca hia divorca with 
 Anna of Clevca, 344. ila mwriaa 
 Kktbartna Howard. 3S3. Ordaina that 
 tba Uttar ahall ha aiftminad with rt- 
 ■pMt to bar Imputad miaconduct. 364. 
 ComiTiaaiona Crmniuer to viait Katherina 
 Howard and endeavour (o obtain from 
 bar tha avowal of bar faulU, 3S4. Pro* 
 oaada to axaouto Darham and Cuipappar. 
 967. 8««ka in vain to draw Fnuicia 1. 
 
 tntothaaiihtatn. Ml. TlMean«n«fhi« 
 rnpiiira with that prtnra,.lA'J. Traaljrwith ' 
 L'haiUa V. to m»k« w*r on franc*. .lAj 
 lAnda at (l^alala and lakaa (WM'tiKin <>l 
 BouloriN'. M*. Uaaartad by Charlaa V . 
 ha la obliKtd lo rttiirn lo Knitlaml. »fi7. 
 Naval war with Franca, .irt/. Maktu 
 paacawith Francia, .Kill. MaMioa Katba- 
 rina l>arr. 3Gtf. Frottotion which h« 
 alTorda to CranoMr. 370. Inllrmiti«t 
 which tfllirt him, sao. Haaka to atatn 
 th» proK'*** (>' *'■* raligioiit raaction, 
 381. isauaa a warrant againat Katharino 
 I'arr, Mt. la raconciled lu bar. 3ni. 
 Alarmad (ha proapccia of bla hair, 3«.1. 
 (iivaa ordt'ia to aiaeuta tha acnlak><« 
 IHUKcd up<m Norfolk. 389 ll« inaka* 
 hia will. ;IH9. Hm laat mtinifnia, 390. 
 Various varalona on hia ilaaib, 3U0. Hm 
 hodyaipoaadatHion Huuaa.^QI. Hiain* 
 tcrinani, 3i)9. A glance at bia raign, 39'i. 
 HoLnaiN, liana, la admitud at 'I'lioina* 
 Mora'a, I9*a. Appolnt«>l paintar to llanrr 
 
 VIII.. IV3. 
 HopKiMi. Hia prophaoy to Buokiagbaro, 
 
 Hd. 
 
 Howard. Edward. Hia daath, 46. 
 
 HoWAMD, KATHMiNa. I1ia Catholio 
 party andaavour t«i bring about her 
 roarrlaga with Hanry, 3S I . Sha liaoonii'i 
 Queen of Knglanil, 'Mi. Aocuaad by 
 Ijiaaella of having bctluwad her favouri 
 on Dcrham, 353> 8ha rapala tha ohargai 
 brought againat har with great anergjr. 
 S54. Sant to Bion llouat. 306. Har 
 trial inatituted. 365. Her preuindad ao- 
 eompUcaa oondamned and executed, 3S7. 
 Har condemnation and death, 360. 
 
 I 
 
 iHVniiiALiaT«. tha. in luly. 148. They 
 nareh upon Roma, 147. After having 
 ebtninail puaacaaion of the town, they 
 violate the aepulohrea, 164. 
 
 Immocint ^IIL conflrma tha validity of 
 the tiilea of Henry VII. to the throne of 
 England. 4. UranU tha neceaaary dia- 
 penaationa for tha roarriaga of Henry 
 
 ■ VII. with Elisabeth of York, bis eouain, 
 
 . 5. At the request of tha King of Eng> 
 land, ha modMas tha immunittea of tha 
 
 ' Cbnrphj 7> 
 
 Ibiland, deolarta In flavoar of LMnbart 
 
 Simnel, 6. 
 iNauRBBCTioM of the county of York, 0. 
 
 In the counties of the North in favoar 
 
 of Cathohciam, 394. 
 Intr»vi?w between Francia I. and Haory 
 
 VIII. at tha Field of tha Cloth o( Oolil. 
 
 81. Between Clement VH. and Prancii 
 
 at Maraeilles, 930. Between Paul HI., 
 
 Charles V., and Franoia I. at Nioa, 394. 
 
 rn^tm 
 
im. Ml. Hm etitwt of kit j 
 ihat prlnr*. .lA'j . TrMljr with ' 
 I mull* wir un franc*. .lAj 
 laia and Ukaa |>«M**«l<in ol 
 4. OtMrtad by Charlaa V , 
 to ratiirn lo Kn((lanil, 3rt7. 
 irtih Fninra, 3^7. M«k«« 
 •ncta, 34m. Mn'noa Katha- 
 Gil. Froteotiun whirh h« 
 /'ranoiMP, 370. laAmlUtt 
 
 him. }tO. Haalii to ttain 
 I nf Ilia r*li(M)Ua rakftion, 
 a wsrrani againit Katharinn 
 la raconcilad lo liar, 3H\. 
 
 proapccta of hla lickr, 9h.1 
 I to aiaeuta tha aent«b>t« 
 
 Norfolk. 3SII Ha inaka* 
 I. Hi* JMt moiiirnia, 390. 
 loni on hla tUaib. 3U0. Hii 
 latSbnHuuaa.lOI. HIain. 
 , A Ktance at hla rai((n, 39'J. 
 tia, la adinitt*!! at 'rbomta 
 
 App(>lnt«>l paintarlo Hanry 
 
 la prophaoy (o ituokiaKham, 
 
 rard. Ilia dmth, 46. 
 iiTUBRiNi. Ilia Catholio 
 vour t<i bring about her 
 b Henry, 38 1 . Sha liaoomi'i 
 lnt(lanil, 363. Aocuaad by 
 Having b«iluvrad bar favuun 
 353. Hh« rapala tha oharKfi 
 kinat her wiib great energy, 
 to 8ion llouaa, 306. Ucr 
 ed, 366. Her preuindad ao- 
 tndemDed and executed, 367> 
 mfttion and death, 300. 
 
 ilwta Id tvntw of Lunbert 
 
 H of the county of York. d. 
 ;iee of the North in favoar 
 im, 394. 
 
 •tween Francia I. and Henry 
 I Field of the Cloth o( Gold. 
 D Clement VII. and Francia 
 I, 230. Between Paul HI., 
 and Franoia I. at Nica, sa4. 
 

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INDEX. 
 
 40ft 
 
 J. 
 
 jAMia IV., Kinf( of Scotland. Croiiei 
 the Tweed and enters England, 49. Ho 
 is defeated at Flodden, and dies on the 
 field of battle, 50. 
 
 John Baptist, the friar, prophesies the 
 downfall of Rome, 161. Excites the Im- 
 peralists to the pillage of that city, 15J. 
 
 JuLiUB II. authorises the marriage of 
 Katharine of Arragon with the Prince 
 of Wales, 19. Forms the project of 
 expelling all strangers from Italy, 36. 
 Proposes the conquest of the Venetian 
 Republic, 37- He excommunicates that 
 
 country, 37. Defeats the Venetians, 
 38. Dissolves the league of Camltra)-, 
 38. Draws Henry VIII. iito a war with 
 France, 38. Being surprised at Bologna, 
 he is obliged to negotiate with tlie 
 F^'enoh, 39- Denounces the ambition of 
 Louis XII. in all the European oourta» 
 40. Signs a treaty of alliance offensive 
 and defensive with Ferdinand of Spain 
 and the Venetians, 41. 
 Jury or Wistminrtrii, the Grand, coa« 
 demns Anne Boleyn and heraccumplices, 
 385. 
 
 K. 
 
 Kathari.nr or Ahraoon is married to 
 Arthur, the eldest son of Henry VH., 
 IS. She is promised to the brother of 
 her first husband. 19- Affianced to 
 Henry, Prinoe of Wales, 20. Her piety, , 
 as. Married to Henry. 37. Sadness 
 which she could not help manifesting at 
 the coronation, 39. She makes a pilgri- 
 mage, in order to draw down the blessing 
 of HeRvea on the English arms, 48. 
 Gurems prudently during the king'a 
 absence, 61. Her atUchment to Henry 
 VIII., 51. Her virtues, her meekness, 
 her resignation, 130. She learns that 
 she hu been betrayed by Henry VIII., 
 141. Firmness of character that she 
 displayed under these circumstances. 141. 
 Refuses to hear Campeggio. who advises 
 her to accede to the divorce, 108. Sam- 
 moned to appear before tha legates i 
 protests and retiree. 140. Declared 
 guilty of oontnmacy, 173. She appeals 
 to Oement VII., 176. Refusea to accept 
 the decision of right dootora commis- 
 sioned to ejcamine the divorce question, 
 304. Her oppoaition to the king's will 
 causes her to be sent awqr from Windsor, 
 313. Her danghtCT Mary ia taken away 
 from her. 313. She applies to the Pope 
 demanding justice, 313. Her protest 
 
 itgainst the sentence annulling her mar- 
 riage with Henry, 336. Transferred to 
 Buckden, 336. Visited by Lee and 
 Tonstall. 373. Aska for a change of 
 reeidenee, and refuses that of Fotheringay 
 Castle where Henry wiahed to locRte her, 
 373. Writea to Paul III., begging him 
 to suspend the sentence of excomuiunt- 
 cation prepared against Henry, 373. 
 Watched by Bedingfield, 373. Deprived 
 of the confessor, 374. (Conducted to 
 Kimbolton Castle, 374. Hears of the 
 imprisonment of Father Forest, her 
 former confessor, 374. Her letter on 
 this subject, 374. Feeling her end 
 apnroach, she uks in vain for permission 
 to see her daughter. 375. Visited by 
 the Countess WilloDghby, and by Cha- 
 puis, the Spanish Ambassador, 376. 
 Receives extreme unction, 376. Her 
 death, 376. Her will, 377. 
 
 KiLDARR, governor of Ireland, acknow- 
 ledges Lambert 'Simnel aakinji, and 
 aweara fidelity to him, 8. 
 
 KiNOBTON, consuble of the Tower. 
 Interest which he took in Sir Thomas 
 More, hia prisoner, 353. He reoeivea 
 Anne Boleyn, led to the Tower, 381. 
 He describes the last momenta of ktaui, 
 290. 
 
i36 
 
 INDU. 
 
 LAMiaKT, SiMMlL, tppetn m a pretender 
 to the crown of RnRluMl, ?■ On hii 
 •rHrtl «t Dublin, he is eelated u Edwird 
 VI., 8. Lend* in Uoc«ihire, ». He 
 ii made priioner and bccomfi a turn- 
 ■pit in tho Iting'i kitchon, 9. 
 
 Lambmt, the ■choolmaiter, dieputee on 
 Catholic doctrine with Henry Vlll. and 
 Ctanmer, 3 IS. He is condemned to be 
 burnt alive. The aentenoe ie executed, 318. 
 
 Lannoi reoeiTea the aword of Francie I. 
 at Pavta, 137. 
 
 LvAOU* or Cambbay againit France* 
 37. Second league, 104. 
 
 Lbb, Roland, proceed! to the marriage of 
 Henry VIII. with Anne Boleyn, 330. 
 
 Lbo X. Hia aceeaaion to the Pontiacate, 
 44. For the purpoae of deflating the 
 projecto of Louie XII., he loliciu the 
 aid of Henry VIII., 46. He eeparatea 
 from the leagoe, 53. Deference that he 
 ahowa towarda Henry VIII., 56. CaUa 
 upon the princea of Chriatcndom to form 
 a emaade againit Soliman, 08. He 
 receivea the "AeeerUo," 03. Grasitt 
 Henry the title of Defendor of the Faith, 
 94. Hia death, 108. 
 LiMACBB, ai the Court of Henry VIII. 33. 
 LiMOOLN, the Earl of, deolaraa in &vour of 
 Lambert Simnel, 8. He attaeka the 
 royal army at Stoke, 9. Hia death, 9. 
 
 Lovia XII. invadea the territory of ths 
 Venetian Republic, 37. Defeati the 
 Venetian! and leiaei aeveral placei 
 formerly belonging to the Mihinese, 3S. 
 Auiiti hit ally, the Duke of Ferrara 
 attacked by Juliui II., 39. Cunvokei 
 the Biihnpi of France to consult them 
 aa to the line of conduct he ought to 
 purine towardi the Pope, 40. Rcpeli 
 the preteniiona of Henry VIII. relative 
 to Guyenne, 41. Forma an alliance with 
 the Venetiani to reconquer Milan, 44 
 He losei the battle of Norarra, 48. He 
 aooepta the hand of the Princeaa Mary of 
 England, 53. Hii death, 65. 
 
 LouiaA of Savoy, the mother of Prancii I 
 Her paaiion fortheconatable of Bourbon 
 58. 
 
 LoTHBB, after having inaulted Henry 
 VIII., aaka hia pardon, 100. RbvdIu 
 againit the Pkpacy, 88. Hie oontradic* 
 tiona, 91. Repliea to the atUcki of 
 Henry VIII., 96. Reproachea that 
 prince with the murder of Buckingham, 
 98. Elected Pope by the Imperialiiti at 
 the lacking of Rome, 153. Refuiea to 
 approve of the divorce between Henry 
 VIII. and Katharine, 303. Hia opinion 
 on 'iha atatnte of the Six Articlaa, 333. 
 
 M. 
 
 Maboabbt or Bubodmoy reeeivea 
 FbrUnWalbeekathercourt.14. Ordera 
 him (o quit Flandera, 16. 
 
 Maboabbt, the daughter of Sir lltomaa 
 More. Her erudition. 193. Sheobtuna 
 perminion to aea her father, detuned at 
 the Tower, 350. Triea, but in v^n, to 
 induce the oapUve to take the oath of 
 •upremaoy, 361. Her filial love, 351. 
 Her laat farewell toher father, 359. She 
 purchaaea a ahruud in whioh to bury 
 him, 361. 
 
 Mabt or Emolaitd promiaed to Louia 
 XII., 63. She aeU ont for France, 64. 
 Crowned at St Denia and arrivea at 
 Puia, 64. Retumi to England, 66. 
 Declaree to Henry VIII. that Suflnlk 
 alone ahall b« her huaband, 66. 
 
 Mabt, tha daughter of Henry VIII. and 
 Katharint; of Arragon, aeeka for a recon- 
 ciliation with her fkther, 393. Subscribei 
 to the conditiona impoaed by him^' 393f 
 She mouma for the death of her father. 
 
 391. 
 
 Mabiqnan, battle of, 63. 
 
 MABaBiLLB, the town oi; bedegad by the 
 coaetable of Bourbon, 136. 
 
 Maximilian I. arrivea at the camp of 
 of Ttfrouanne, 47. Proaoeee to Henry 
 VIII. the duchy of Milan, 66. Kept 
 in pay by Woliey, he re^ntera Milan, 
 68. Obliged to regain the l^rol mobn- 
 taina, 68. Hia death, 73. 
 
 Mboioib, Julian d% elected Pope, ll6. 
 
 Mblamotbon. Hia opinion on the atatota 
 of the Biz Artidea, 339. 
 
lei the territory of the 
 )Uo, 37> Defeat! the 
 
 ieiaee aeveral placei 
 ing to the Mihknese, 3S. 
 , the Duke of Ferrara 
 liua II., 39. Convokei 
 France to coneult them 
 of conduct he ought to 
 
 the Pope, 40. Repeli 
 of Henry VIII. relative 
 
 Forme an alliance with 
 to reconquer Milan, 44 
 ttle of Norarra, 48. Ha 
 d of the Princeaa Mary of 
 Hie death, 6S. 
 .the mother of Francis I 
 ' the conetable of Bourhon 
 
 having ineulted Henry 
 I pardon, 100. RevolU 
 lacy, 88. Hie oontradic* 
 Bpliea to the attacks of 
 
 96. Reproaehea that 
 I murder of Buckingham, 
 ope by the Imperialiste at 
 f Rome, laa. Refuses to 
 I diTorce between Henry 
 larine, 203. ' Hie optnioo 
 of the Six Ardcles, 333. 
 
 nivtz. 
 
 (hter of Henry VIII. and 
 irragon, aeeks for a reeon- 
 er father, 393. Subsoribei 
 Bs imposed by hint' 393f 
 \t the death of her fothor. 
 
 tie of, 63. 
 
 le town of, besieged by the 
 
 Sourbon, 126. 
 
 [. arrives at the camp of 
 
 , 47. Prosoees to Henry 
 
 ]hy of Milan, 66. Kept 
 
 roleey, he reenters Milan, 
 
 to regain the l^rol mobn- 
 
 is death, 72. 
 
 D df, elected Pope, ll6. 
 
 Hie opinion on the statute 
 tides, S3.*!. 
 
 MoNASTRMia, the. In the neighbourhood 
 of London acknowledge Henry'e eupre- 
 macy, and why t 234. Some of them 
 resist the statute, 342. The suppression 
 of the monasteries increases the number 
 of the poor. Meaeures Uken against the 
 latter, 309, Services rendered by them 
 to Englnnd. 310. Montesquieu's opinion 
 on their dissolution, 310. 
 
 MoNTiBOViiu. i lis opinion on the dis> 
 solution of the n Ugious establishments 
 in England, 310. 
 
 Mo*i, Thomas. His ).«rsonal appearance 
 aooording to E*T > -lus, 33. His opinion 
 on the "Asser'.o," 91. He defends it 
 agunst the attacks of Luther, 100. 
 Appointed Speaker of the House of 
 Commons, 112. SupporU the demand 
 for new subsidies, 113. His birth, 188. 
 His youth, 188. His studies, 188. 
 Conceives ths project of renouncing the 
 world, 188. Abandons the idea and 
 marries, 189. Elected a member of the 
 House of Commons, 189- Loses his 
 first wife, and marries a second time to 
 Alice Middleton, 190. He succeeds 
 Wolsey. 190. His interior, 191. Hans 
 Holbein is admitted into his house, 192. 
 Religions practioea observed in hisfsmily, 
 193. His character, 194. His resigna- 
 tion to the will of God. 194. Being 
 piaased to pronoanoe his sentimsnts with 
 regard to tiie divorse, he refuses to 
 reply, 196. Gives in his resinMtion as 
 
 N. 
 
 Vvn Of KaMT, 336. 
 
 No»roLX, the Dnke of, sent to Frtnee by 
 Henry to endeavour to 'jidiioe Francis I. 
 to Join the sohism, 330. He labours to 
 bring abont the mairiage of Henry with 
 Katharine Howard, 361. Abandons his 
 neioe, aocused of immoral oondact by 
 Henry, 359. Jealooay between Us 
 fiunily and that of the Saymoors, 384. 
 Cons^nwj aiainst him. 384, Confined 
 
 48T 
 
 Chancellor, 216. His opinion on the 
 
 Nun of Kent, 236. Compromised in 
 
 this affair and defended by the Duke of 
 
 Norfolk, 238. He rafuaca to Uke the 
 
 oath of aupremacy, 239. Imprisoned at 
 
 the Tower, 240. During his detention, 
 
 he makea a Commentary on the Paalms, 
 
 200. He resists the attempts of his 
 
 daughter Margaret to persuade him to 
 
 take the oath, 251. Alice is no more 
 
 sucosssful than Margaret, 252. CromweU 
 
 in vain would have him Uke the oath of 
 
 supremacy, 253. The Carthusian priors 
 
 on their way to execution are Uken past 
 
 his window, 263. He appears before 
 
 his Judges, 254. An act of accusation 
 
 passed against him, 366. His defeno^ 
 
 256. H is reply to the accusation brought 
 
 against him by Rich, of having treated as 
 
 illegal the act of Parliament relating to 
 
 the spiritual supremacy of Heniy VIII., 
 
 357. Verdict against him, 268. Ha 
 
 speaks as to the application of the law, 
 
 258. Condemned to dfath. He treau 
 
 the act of supremacy as illegal. 369. 
 
 His ferewell to his children, 269. He 
 
 writes to Margaret, 260. Receives • 
 
 visit from Pope, his former friend. 360. 
 
 Walks to the place of ezeeation. 260. 
 
 His head is ezpoeed on London Bridge, 
 
 and afterwards delivered up to hia 
 
 danghter Margaret. 261. BeUmatiooof 
 
 the character of this great man, 363. 
 
 in the Tower, 385. Aocusatioas brooght 
 agidnst him by his own fhmily. 386. 
 Attempts, but in vain, to exciU Henry's 
 commiseration, 387. His rivals share 
 his spoils, 387. Condemned to death. 388. 
 Saved fhun the scafibld by Henry's 
 death, 888. 
 NomTHiiiiBBBLAMD. the EstI of, is coia< 
 misdoned to arrest Wolsey. 184. 
 
 0. 
 
 Opiniom of Englisb historiaiis on the 
 pdliey of Henry YIIL at &a diet of 
 
 Opikion of the Baformers on the tAam of 
 heresy, 818. 
 
4W 
 
 INDBX. 
 
 P. 
 
 Paob. Am»«i in Oermtny to proclaim 
 
 Hanry h t candidate for tha empirfl, 74. 
 
 Ha praaanU »ha " Auertio" to Uo X.. 93. 
 
 Paku. on tha approach of tha Bngliih 
 
 eommacded by Suffolk. 133. 
 Pailiahknt, acknowl«<l((e« tha tttia of 
 Henry VII. to tha crown of England, 
 3. It delivera up to that prince the pro- 
 perty of the oullawi, 4. Convoked 
 by Henry VHI., at Blackfriara, ua. 
 DthtXn on tha aubject of -he aubaidiea 
 demanded by Wolaey for carrying on 
 tha war with France, 113. It deolarea 
 null and illegal the marriage of Henry 
 VUI. with Katharine of Arr»gon, and 
 valid ard legal hia mariiaga with Anna 
 Roleya, 831. Dedarea Henry auprema 
 Head of tha Chureh of England, 341. 
 Pataad tha bill preaenud for the aup* 
 piaaaicn of the monaeteriea, 869. 
 CoHToked to put an end to the religioua 
 diaputea, 331. Diacuaaea and paaua the 
 bill of tha Six Articlea, known aa tha 
 Statute pf Blo<.d, S3'J. P«»«e« aereral 
 bdla Introduced by Henry without dia- 
 ouaaion, 894. Legaliaea tha apoUation of 
 the monaatriea. 300. New biUa granted 
 tbiough iU acrvility to Henry. 349- 
 Paiib, Katberine, married to Henry VIII.., 
 a09. She ftkToura the innoTalor^ 380. 
 Denounced to Henry by Gardiner, 888. 
 She ia made aoqnainted with the aeon- 
 aation brought againit her, 388. She 
 aacapea puniahment, 383. 
 Paol III. calla upon tha prineea of Chri»» 
 tendom to join in a cruaade againat 
 Henry VIII., 848. He atiU hopea to 
 bring Henry back within the pale of the 
 Church, 299. Hie noble condoot towafda 
 Henry. 322. 
 
 Panov, Thomaa, meeta Anna Boleyn and 
 falla in love with her. 136. Urged by 
 Wolary to renounce Anna Boleyn, he at 
 (trat rafutra, but at length oonaenta and 
 inarriea Mary Talbot, 136. He i» 
 examined aa to hia angageinenta with 
 Anna Boleyn, 285. 
 1'brkin Wakbeck Unda at Cork, 14. 
 Received at Paria by Charle* VIII., 14. 
 Receivei ordera to leave France, and 
 gora to Flandera, 14. Landa nt Deal, ii 
 defeated and r»turna to Flandera, 19. 
 Received at the court of Janiea IV., 
 King of Scotland, IS. Advancca into 
 the North of England, 16. Aiaumea 
 the name of Richard IV., 16. Fliea to 
 Bowley, 17, Surrendera at diacretion, 
 17. Eacapea from Wealminaler, it 
 puraued, taken and conducted to tha 
 Tower, 17. Condemned to be hanged, 
 llie aentence ia executed, 28. 
 Plantaqbnrt, Edward, ia impriaoned at 
 
 the Tower, 4. 
 PoLi, Reginald de la. Hia birth, 324. 
 Finiahea hia atudiea in Italy, 324. 
 Retuma to England, 385. He ia aaked 
 to favour the divorce, and ref^iaea, 325. 
 Scene at Whitehall, 325. He returna to 
 Italy, 386. Wrilee to Henry VIII» 
 337. Created Cardinal, 397. Rcceivea 
 a miaaion from the Pope for England. 
 387. A price ia aet on hia head, 327. 
 Recalled to Italy by Paul III., 328. 
 Hia relatione and partiiana are impri- 
 aoned, condemned, and executed, 338. 
 Hie aged mother for aome time ia keyt 
 in priaon, but afterwarda beheaded, 339. 
 He hear* of hie motber'a death, 330. 
 Pops, viMts Sir Thomaa More ir priaon. 
 360. 
 
 • / i/j 
 
 Q. 
 QcBBN DoWAGiB, the, u amaiad, 8. 
 
 R. 
 
 RBroBMATiOM, the, iu progreaa in Eng- 
 ' hud, 370. 
 
 Rich, the Solicitor-General, v»ita Fiaber. 
 Why f 846. Hia miaaion to Sir Thomaa 
 
 Mora, a pnaoner in the Tower, 264. 
 
 He given •videnoe agdnat More, 857. 
 
 RiOHABO III., King of. England, roarchea 
 
 against the Duke of . Itichmond, U 
 
IxnKX. 
 
 , meett Anne Bulcjrn and 
 ifiih h»r. 136. Urg«d bjr 
 >unce Anne Boleyn, he it 
 tut et length oonunte end 
 Talbot, 136. He l» 
 to hie engegeinente with 
 385. 
 
 tcK Unde tt Curk, U. 
 trie by Charlei VIII., U. 
 !ra tu leave France, and 
 ire, U. Landa at Deal, ii 
 
 rvturne to Flandere, 14. 
 Ibe court of Janiee IV., 
 land, IS. Advances into 
 r England, 16. Aiaumes 
 Richard IV., 16. Flieeto 
 
 Surrendere at diecretion, 
 I from Weatminater, it 
 en and conducted to the 
 ;:k>ndemned to be hanged, 
 ie executed, 18. 
 , Edward, ia imprisoned at 
 
 d de la. Hia birth, 334. 
 I etudiea in Italjr, 334. 
 ngland, 335. He U aaked 
 
 divorce, and refuaee, 335. 
 Ltehall, 335. He returns to 
 
 Writes to Henrjr VIII» 
 d Cardinal, 337. Rsceivts 
 om the Pope for England, 
 e ia set on his head, 337. 
 
 Italy by Paul III., 338. 
 I and partiius are impri* 
 turned, and executed, 338. 
 ther for eome time is keyt 
 t aftenrarde beheaded, 33l>. 
 bis mother's death, 330. 
 lir ThomH More iv prison. 
 
 «. 
 
 isoner in the Tower, 364. 
 
 ridenoe against More, 357« 
 
 , King of England, marches 
 
 Duke of . lUchmond, 1. 
 
 Mortellv woundnl. 3. Hie body is 
 expoted to the iniulte of the populace 
 end interred without pomp, 3. 
 
 RicHABD nn LA PoLi, a pretender to 
 the crown of England. 6.'. 
 
 Richmond, the Earl of, marchee 
 against Richard UI.. 1- Proclaimed 
 King of England under the title of 
 Henry VII., 3. 
 
 Richmond, the Ducheeaof. Her piety, 35. 
 
 RiDicuLB, aerveii in England as in Gsr- 
 roai.y to spread the Reformation, 311. 
 
 Robbut dii i.A Mabck sends a chal- 
 lenge to Charlee V.. 103. 
 
 RociiroHD, the Earl of, accueed of Inoeel 
 wiih Anne Boleyn, hm eieter, and la 
 condemned and executed, 389. 
 
 RoMU, taken by the Imperiali*t% 153. 
 Her churohee are despoile«l, 153. Thoee 
 of 8t. Peter, 8t, John of Lmeian, and 
 St. Mary Mujor are transformed into 
 eUhlee, 153. The group of Laocoon is 
 overturned and routilaUd, 1 54. A woman 
 who eltempteil to eopply the I'ope with 
 food ie Imprieoned in the (battle of St. 
 Angelo, and hanged, I54. 'Vh» plagua 
 breaka out in the city, 155. The Imp«- 
 riallsts leave the city, 156. 
 
 I 
 
 8. 
 
 Salisbuhy, the Countess of, mother of 
 Cardinal Pole, ia arreated and imprisoned, 
 3i8. Firmness that she displayed in 
 refusing to make any confessions, 38W. 
 Yrieii and condemned, 339. Her execu- 
 tion, 330. 
 
 ScHiNNBB, preachea a crusade in England 
 agninat France, 60. Marchea into Italy 
 at the head of the Swiss against the 
 French, 63. Haranguea hia troops at 
 Marignan, 63. 
 
 Sbvmour, Jane, the wife of Henry Vlll., 
 391. Dice in giving birth to Prince 
 
 Edward, 399. . 
 
 8nAXTOK,Bocusedof heresy, is impnsoned 
 
 and retnota, 378. 
 
 Six Abtiolbb, the, 839. 
 
 8KKLTON, John. inatruoU Henry, Pnnce 
 of Wales In the nilei of Latin verae, 
 36. Ineults the Scotch who feU at Flod- 
 den,51. Soapended from We eacerdotal 
 functions. Why? 71. 
 
 SoBBOKMB, the, discusses the question 
 of divorce betw^n Henry VIH. and 
 Katharine, 303. 
 
 Spoliation of the monasteries in Eng- 
 land, 371. . 
 
 Stamlby places the crown of England on 
 the hand of the Duke of Richmond, 9. 
 Unjuatly B-^ueed of complicity in the 
 aflkir of Perkin Warbeck and is decapi- 
 tated, 15. 
 
 Statb op Bubopb during the reign of 
 Henry VII., 11. 
 
 Stokb, the battle of, between the royal 
 army and the partisane of Lambert 
 Simnel, 9. 
 
 Strappohd. the brothers, take refuge 
 in a church, are seised, and the elder 
 executed, 7. 
 
 SurPOLK, put ' death by order of Henry 
 VIII., 46. 
 
 SoppoLK, the Duke of, visiU the Princess 
 Mary in France to convey to her the 
 expreaaiun of condolence from the King 
 of England, 55. Advancea to the Frencli 
 court at the head o« Engliab troops, 121. 
 Obliged to retire to Calais, 133. Com- 
 missioned by Henry VIII to stifle the 
 rebellion in tha aorthetn counties of 
 England, 396> 
 
 SwiBi. the, at the approach pf th* French, 
 
 retire to Milan, 63. At Marignan, 6J. 
 Sdbbbv. the Earl of, mBrchea againet 
 Jamea IV. of Scotland, 49. Landa at 
 Calais, nnd placet himself at the head 
 of the English army that ia to invade 
 France, 115. Defeated by the Duke of 
 VendAme, 115. Hia pereonal appearanoe, 
 384. ConspirBcy sgunst him, 384. H« 
 refutes the charges of his enemies. Im- 
 prisoned at the Tower, 385. The mem- 
 bera of his family bear witness against 
 him, 386. Condsmned nnd executed, 
 386. Grief felt in London at hie execp- 
 tion, 386. 
 
 i tittltt lm- 
 
440 
 
 INDVI. 
 
 T. 
 
 TiRorANNi, th« lUff* of. Ii ctpltuUtei, 
 
 47. 
 Thioloqiami, lh«, oppoM the dirorea of 
 
 Htnrjr and Kttharina of Arragon, 158. 
 ToNlTAl. protMU agtiiut the litU of 
 
 Haad of th« Church n\nn to Henry, a 10. 
 
 TaiATY between TTenry and Pranctoat th* 
 Field of the Cloth of Gold, 83. Between 
 Henry VIM. and the oonauble of Bour. 
 hon, 130. 
 
 Tyndal, TfVilliara, publiahae th« DibU la 
 Engliah, 313. 
 
 U. 
 Umivimitim, tbe, oppoaa the divoroa. Ml. 
 
 V. 
 
 YAtois, th« Duka of, airiTaa to tha rallaf 
 ofT^uanna, 47. 
 
 ViMMiAMB, tha. Their power, 37. They 
 adranea to bar thapaaiaga of tha Ptvnoh 
 aimy andar Louia XH.. 38. Thay aro 
 baaun by tha Franeb, 38. Tha Inaction 
 
 W. 
 
 Wabham. Arehbiahop of Cantarbury, 
 oppoaaa tha anion of Katbarina of 
 Arragon and Henry Prinoa of Walea, 
 19. Hia oharacUr aa gitan by Eraainua, 
 90. Hadefanda tha libartiea of tha 
 Anglican clergy, 114. Ha diaa. and ia 
 anceaadod by Cranmar, 331. 
 
 Wabwiok, tha Earl of, apriaoner attha 
 Towar, ia brought ont and paraded 
 through tha atraeta of London, 8. 
 Aeeoaad of plotting a eonapiraey againat 
 
 ' tha king'a lifa. ha ia eondamnad to loaa 
 Ua hand, 18. 
 
 WiLMuaasT, tha Conntaaa of, viirita 
 yn ^^r iiui of Arrajon in bar laat hmh 
 
 maata, 970. 
 
 WiLnBina, tha Bari of. ia praaantad to 
 Cbailaa V., 199. Forma ona of tha 
 jury appointed to paae judgment on hia 
 danghtar, Anna Bokyn. 980. 
 
 WoLfBT. Thomaa, aanunonad to the eonrt 
 of Henry VIII. aa Grand Almoner, 81. 
 Aaeendant that he ubtaiaa over tha king'a 
 nind, 89. Intraated by Henry VIII. 
 with the miUtavy prepamtiona for the 
 atpedition againat l^oe, 46. Offeia to 
 Louia XII. the hand of Mary, Henry'a 
 riater, 63. Nominated Arehbiahop of 
 York, as. Hia fldali^ to tha Pope and 
 
 in( 
 Ot 
 he 
 Pi 
 ob 
 C( 
 Pi 
 Tl 
 
 of tha emperor Maiimilian I. aavea them 
 f^om a total loaa, 38. They become 
 reconciled to the Pope. 38. Si^n a 
 treaty of alliance with Louia XII., 44. 
 On the battla-flald at Marignan. 03. 
 
 to the king, 50. Recelvaa the title of 
 Cardinal of Saint Cacilia, 80. Hia pomp, 
 50. Uae that he makea of hia rtchea, i7. 
 Opinion fornuad of him by Eraamut, 57- 
 Appointed Lord Chanoellor of England. 
 58. Hia politice, 68. Hia character, 06. 
 Hia erudition, 06. Promiaea aubeidiaa 
 to Maiimilian I. to induce him to oroia 
 the Alpa, 07. Obtaina from Francia I. a 
 panaion of £19,000 for the raatitution of 
 Toumay, 09. Hi* conduct during thia 
 aflUr, 70. Hia oatentatton, 70. Ia 
 darirona of anoeaeding Lao X.. 70. 
 Obtaina horn Charlea V. a panaion of 
 £3,000, 78. Bale of ceremony to be 
 obaerved at the interriew ol FrancU and 
 Henry VIII., 78. In preeence of Chariei 
 v., 79. Hia oompUcity in the murder of 
 Buckingham, 87. Ordera Luthar'a worki 
 to be burned, 87. Hia intriguae againit 
 Francia I., 103. Mediator between that 
 prince and Henry VIII., 104. He arrivea 
 at Calaia, 105. Betraya Francia, 106. 
 Wiahaa to take oommand of the armf 
 deetined to inTade France. lOO. After 
 having ancoeeded in deoeiTing Franoia I., 
 he qmU Calaia, 100. Beoeired at Bmgea 
 byChaiiea V,107. Sipia with Charla* 
 V. a league offenaiTe and da&nalre 
 
 
l!fOKX. 
 
 mn ffaniy Mil Pnnetoit Vkt 
 
 Cloth or Gold, 83. BatwMn 
 
 [. tnd Iha ooMUbU of Buur- 
 
 iliam, publishM th« DlbU in 
 3. 
 
 oe, SOI. 
 
 iror MtiimiliM I. tvrn lh«m 
 tal loii, 38. They b«conM 
 to tht Pope, 38. 8i«(n • 
 Jlianoe with Louii XII., 44. 
 Ue-flald ftt M arignui. 03. 
 
 ig, SO. RceeWfli tha titla of 
 ' Saint C«eilia, 60. His porop, 
 at he makea of hia richaa, ij. 
 nutd of him b^ Eraamut, 57- 
 Lord Chanoellor of England, 
 tolitioa. 68. Hia character. 66. 
 iion, 06. Promisea aabaidiaa 
 lian I. to indue* him to oroH 
 17. Obtaina from Francia I. a 
 
 £13,000 for the reatituUon of 
 09. Hia conduct during thia 
 Hia oatentatioB, 70. It 
 of iuooeeding Lao X.. 70. 
 torn Cbarlea V. a panaionof 
 8. Rale of ceremony to be 
 at the interriMr of FrancU and 
 II„ 78. In preaence of Charlei 
 lie eomplicity in the murder of 
 am, 87. OrderaLuiher'aworki 
 led, 87. Hia intriguee againtt 
 . 103. Mediator between that 
 1 Henry VUL, 104. Heanrivea 
 
 105. Betraya Francia, 106. 
 ) take oommand of the armf 
 to invade France, lOO. After 
 eoeeded in deoeiTtng Franoia I.. 
 ::Uaia,10fl. BMcired at Bmgea 
 • V,107. Sipia with CJhartoi 
 agtia offenaiTe ud dafoaaira 
 
 agaioit France, 107. CatU off the maak, 1 
 and decUree war againtt France. 108. 
 Obtain* from Charlc* V. tha promia* that 
 be will support hii pratsniiont to the 
 Papacy, 100. Meani that ha employs to 
 obtoin subsidies, til. Uys before tha 
 Commons a declaration of war against 
 Prance, and demands new aubiidies, 113. 
 The death of Adrian VI, rerivaa hia 
 ambition, 116. Feigna humility on 
 hearing of the elevation of Juliua da 
 Mediois to the PontiAcate, 1 17. Founda 
 the collegca of Oiford and Ipswich. 117- 
 Angry terms in which he speaka of 
 the alliaa of Henry Vlll., 130. Promisea 
 tha king to promoU the divorce of 
 Katharine of Arrag.m, 130. AttempU 
 to diMuade Henry from marrying 
 Anne Boleyn, 143. Converted to the 
 project of divorce, 143. Disgraced and 
 aent to Rome, 143. Ha fails at Paria in 
 his negotiations to obtain for Henry the 
 band of a French princeaa, 143. On 
 hia return to London, he triee in vain to 
 combat the project of divorce, 140. 
 Ortlaina public prayers to obuin the 
 deliverance of Clement VII., 166. 
 Conaulta theologians on the divorce 
 
 441 
 
 quaatlon. 168. Commlaaioned by Cle- 
 ment VII. to sxa.nine the validity nf the 
 dispei.sation granted by Juliua II. to 
 Henry VIII. for hia marriage with 
 Katharine of Arragon, lOl. He per* 
 auadea the queen to throw herself on 
 Henry's generosity, 176. His interview 
 with Henry at Grafton, 177. He falla into 
 disgrace, 178. Givce up to tha Duke* 
 of Norfolk and Suffolk the scale of th« 
 sUt«, 179- Triee in vain to divert Henry 
 firora his project, 180. The bill of 
 indictment brought in against him la 
 rejected, 181. Obliged to consent to th« 
 tranafer of York Palace to the crown, 
 183. Falls 111, 183. Obtains permiwion 
 to take up hia abode at Richmond, and 
 recovers hia health there. If 3. Raeeivee 
 ordera to raaida within hia archdioeeae, 
 183. Arractod by the Etirl of Nortb> 
 umberland, 184. Placed under the 
 guard of Kingston, and acta out for 
 London, 186. Hia aufferinga oblige him 
 to stop at Leiceaur Abbey, 186. Makee 
 hia confession, and receivea tha laat 
 aaoramenta, 180. Hia but momenu, 
 180. Katimation of the eharaolar of 
 Wolaey aa a aUteaman, 180. 
 
 W. 
 
 Wyatt, the poet, paya hia nddreaaea to 
 
 Anne Boleyn; 140. 
 YoBBiaTi, the.aubjeotedto a contribution, 
 
 revolt and expel the Gommiarionere of 
 
 
 theTVeaaory, 11. They march agalnal 
 London, 11. Are beaton by the Eerl of 
 Surrey, 11. 
 
 J 
 
BO-247 
 
T 
 
 INDEX TO APPENDIX. 
 
 of 
 
 Aol of AiulnH»f •g«init Sir ThoniM Mow 
 
 Act of HuocMtioa < 
 
 Art of BupnaMX i • • 
 
 Anth«io, oompoMd lijr H«nry VIII. 
 
 Bull of Julius II. • • • 
 
 Bulla CUmcnUi ?*\>m VII. 
 
 ConUrapoTMiti of Hir TIioimi Mom 
 
 Depoiition of W»r»mra. Archbiihop of CanUrbury. »i»lnrt 
 
 with KathftHn* of Arnicon 
 D«poiition of Foi, BUhop of Winoh«tt«r 
 DcMription of Bm Rtlwfi. reUling to th« FieU of «h« Cloth 
 Bpiuph on Sir ThomM Mom 
 Forgat not y?t . • • • 
 Lcttar from Leo.X- to Hanry 
 Lattar of tha Earl of Darby on tha ^-jbieot of Anna Bolayn' 
 
 Notaa 
 
 Original oath, Ukan at tha kinga coronation, rltarad by Henry 
 
 Oatha of Sucraaaion 
 
 Prefaca to tha " Aaaertio Septem Sacramantorum" 
 Primum Brava Clam. VII. , . t • 
 
 S«oundom Breve Clem. VII 
 
 Tertium Brava Clam. VII. , • • • 
 
 Henry' 
 
 Gold 
 
 a maniagi 
 
 VIH 
 
 aarriagi 
 
 FAOa 
 
 419 
 4M 
 4a I 
 407 
 40ft 
 410 
 439 
 
 406 
 407 
 41t 
 4W 
 400 
 433 
 4M 
 407 
 4tl 
 
 41t 
 414 
 41t 
 
f— 
 
 
 l*b 
 
 80 « 
 
 HI 
 
 HI 
 
f 
 
 JP 
 
 ___J