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 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
k 
 
.tarfki 
 
 »§■<-" '>• 
 
 A CONCISE 
 
 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT 
 
 ^ erALLTHK 
 
 BRITISH COLONIES 
 NORTH -A ME RICA, 
 
 COMr KINIUBIOO THEia 
 
 N . 
 
 Ri8B,Proorb8s, and Modern StatBj. 
 
 Puticulatljr of th« 
 
 MASSACHUSET S-BAY, 
 (TJ»e Stat of the pitfent Civil War) 
 
 TOOtTH«aWITKTMt 
 
 OTHBR PROVINCES w NEW.ENGLAND;. 
 To which it unacd, An 
 
 ACCURATE DESCRIPTIVE TABLE 
 
 OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES) 
 
 EiUUdng, at One View, 
 Their refpeaive Boundariei, Dimenfions, Lon^tudes, 
 Latitudei. Divifions, or Connties, Chief Towni, 
 Capet, Harbours, Bay*. Rivers, Various Produc> 
 
 tioni, Animals, &c. 2cc> 
 
 WITH 
 
 Particulars relative to the diflerent Soils and Climates^, 
 Capital CtxiBSy ttc. tcci 
 
 D U B L. I. N I ' • 
 Piintel for CALE B JENKIM, No. 58, Dame.fitccti 
 aoa, JOHli BEATTY, No. 3a, Skiiwer.row. 
 usee LIST !• 
 
 vW^-^'-jSi^'j*; -« 
 

 
PREFACE. 
 
 J\S it is natural to fuppofe, that 
 among the Public there are many 
 ftrangcrs to Britifh North-American 
 Hiftory, who, from the prefent in- 
 terefting juncture of affairs, wi(h for 
 information concerning the rife, efta- 
 blifhment, and growth, of our Colo- 
 nies in that part of the world ; to fa- 
 tisfy, therefore, the curiofity of fuch 
 perfons in thefe particulars, at an eaiy 
 price, is the defign of the following 
 pages, wherein fimple matters of faA 
 are related with precifion, candour, 
 and impartiality. Obfervations and 
 reflexions ar6 not to be expe(5ted in fo 
 concife a publication : the reader is 
 left to make his own. 
 
 The 
 
 I 
 
 \ 
 
 J 
 
 i 
 
IV 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 The hiftory of the province of Maf- 
 fachufets-bay is, beyond comparifon» 
 of more magnitude and importance 
 than that of any of the other colonies ; 
 and the reader will find that a large 
 proportion of room has been allotted 
 thereto, and fuch incidents feledted, as» 
 it is prefumcd, cannot fail of affording 
 him competent ideas of the extraordi- 
 nary fcenes in which the people of 
 that colony have, from their firft emi- 
 gration, been continually interefted 
 and engaged. 
 
 The manner In which the annexed 
 Descriptive Table is printed, 
 prefents a ftriking colle^ve and com- 
 ' parative view of the feveral countries f 
 and, amon^l-otlier ufeful purpofes, it 
 may ferve'for a ve^ proper compani* 
 on to a Map : It has coft much pains, 
 and, the author hopes, will meet with. 
 ' a favourable reception .^ 
 
FACE. 
 
 the province of Maf- 
 beyoiid comparifon, 
 ade and importance 
 >f the other colonies; 
 will find that a large 
 3m has been allotted 
 incidents feledled, as, 
 mnot fail of aflFording 
 leas of the cxtraordi- 
 which the people of 
 , from their firft emi- 
 continually intereftcd 
 
 in which the annexed 
 Table is printed, 
 
 tig cdlle^ive and com- 
 the feveral countries j 
 
 ther ufeful purpofes, it 
 vety proper compani- 
 
 [t has coft much pains, 
 
 r hopes, will meet with. 
 
 ception.^ 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 Of tie Discovery of AMERICA. 
 
 in general, 
 
 £ REVIOUS to entering on an hiftorical 
 account of the firfl: fettlement and prefent 
 ftate of the Britifti'Colonics in North- Ame- 
 ricfl, it Teems incuncibent on us to take a cur- 
 fory'viewof the events which led to the 
 difcQvery of that part, involved as it was in 
 thedifcovery of Acnerica in general. Herein 
 we fhall be as brief as poffible, omitting what- 
 ever does not appear neceflary to perfpicui'ty. 
 Till the latter end of the fifteenth centu- 
 ry^ the whole known terrcftrial world con- 
 fided only of the three great portions, Eu- 
 rope, Aria,-and Africa, togetlier with their 
 appendages of illandii and adjacent feas. 
 The difcovery of the fourth portion is now 
 
 to be inveftigated. 
 
 A At 
 
 
 '•1 
 
s. AMERICA IN GENERAL. 
 
 At this period, (viz. the latter end of the 
 J 5th century,) Chriftopher Columbus, a na- 
 tive of Genoa, having conceived a notion of 
 the poflibility of failing to the Indies (the 
 traffic to which parts was then carried on 
 either through the inland parts of Afia, or 
 thro' Egypt and the Red Sea, and was chiefly 
 engrofled by the Venetians) by a weftward 
 courfe.propofed the making Rich an attenipt 
 to his countrymen, as the means of opening 
 a new avenueto commerce, wealth, and do- 
 minion ; but his fcheme, feeming to them to 
 be founded in abfurdity, was confequentiy 
 jejcdled. Columbas, confcious of the fupc- 
 riority of his own knowledge in the matter, 
 was not thus to be foiled » and, I'etiring from 
 his country in difguft, fucccffivcly repeated 
 his propofal to the courts of France, Eng- 
 land, and Portugal ; all which, however, 
 looke i upon it as too chimerical t6 be adopt- 
 ed Notwithftanding thefe mortifying d.l- 
 appointments, which probably would have 
 overwhelmed the genius of any other person, 
 Columbus was ftiU firmly perfuaded of the 
 pufticability of his plan, and rcfolvcd xo 
 
 ■■?fe 
 
GENERAL. 
 
 ic latter end of the 
 er Columbus, a na- 
 ncfived a notion of 
 
 to the Indies (the 
 }s then carried on 
 i parts of Afia, or 
 Sea, and was chiefly 
 ins) by a weftward 
 :ing fuch an attempt 
 e means of opening 
 rce, wealth, and do- 
 
 feeming to them to 
 , was confequentiy 
 onfcious of the fupc- 
 Icdge in the matter, 
 h and, retiring from 
 fucceffivcly repeated 
 irts of France, Eng- 
 »U which, however, 
 limcrical to be adopt- 
 thefe mortifying dif- 
 probably would have 
 IS ofany other person, 
 nly perruaded of the 
 ilan, and rtfblved to 
 propofe 
 
 AMERICA IN GENERAL. 3 
 
 propofe it to the court of Spain : and here, 
 after a delay of eight years, his defign was 
 at length countenanced by the intereft of 
 Queen Ifabella, who raifed money on her 
 jewels to carry it into execution. Accord- 
 ingly, in 1492, the adventurous Columbus 
 fet fail with three (hips. In eroding the 
 Atlantic, his crew, full of apprehcnfions of 
 danger in a vaft unknown ocean, efpecially 
 from the circumftance of the variation of the 
 compafs, which was now firft obfervcd, 
 broke out into a mutiny : happily, however, 
 it fubfided, when, at the end of thirty-three 
 days, they difcovered land, which proved to 
 be the Bahama Iflands. Thefe Columbus 
 at firft hoped to be a part of the Indies he 
 was in queft of (for, iho' he pofljbly had an 
 idea of the fpherical figure of the earth, he 
 was certainly ignorant of its dimenfions, and 
 confequentiy of the great fpace ftill between 
 him and the wifhed-for country) : but foon 
 finding his miftake, he fleered to the fouth- 
 ward, at^d Felt in with Cuba and Hifpaniola ; 
 whence he returned to Spain, but not with- 
 out fome famples of gold to be met with ih 
 A 2 the 
 
 iliW M flii 
 
 *^/ 
 
4 AMERICA IN GENERAL. 
 
 the latter, and gaining a flight knowledge 
 
 of other iflands. 
 
 This profperous voyage procured Colum- 
 1)us, not only the mod honourable reception 
 and higheft applaufe, but alfo a fpeedy 
 equipment of 17 fhips for a feoond, in which 
 he eftabliflied a colony at Hifpaniola, and 
 difcovered Jamaica, Guadaloupe, and many 
 other iflands of the Weft-Indies. 
 
 But Columbus foon found that a continua- 
 tion of fuccefs had excited a jealoufy among 
 the grandees of Spain, which was very un- 
 favourable to the profccution of his defigns ; 
 liowevcr, with much difficulty, he was ena- 
 bled to underts^ke another expedition, where- 
 in \ic ftood, from the Canaries, for fomc 
 time, towards the fouth-, then changed his 
 courfedire^ly weft, fuffeting grievous heats 
 and heavy rains -, but a briflc gale fpringing 
 up carried htm in fcventeen days to the Ifland 
 of Trinidad on the coaft of Guiana : which 
 pafling, he was foon aftoniflied at the violent 
 agitation of the water, occafioncd by the tide 
 of the Tea claflung with the rapid current of 
 the river Oroonocoi but failing forward, he 
 
 firft 
 
:neral. 
 
 light knowledge 
 
 srocured Colum- 
 jurable reception 
 It alfo a fpeedy 
 
 feoond, in which 
 
 Hifpaniola, and 
 aloupe, and many 
 
 ndies. 
 
 id that a continua- 
 
 a jealoufy among 
 lich was very un- 
 on of his defigns : 
 :ulty, he was cna- 
 expedition, where- 
 anaries« for Ibmc 
 
 then changed his 
 ing grievous heats 
 iriflc gale fpringing 
 :ndaystotheIfland 
 of Guiana: which 
 liflied at the violent 
 :afioncd by the tide 
 he rapid current bf 
 failing forward, h« 
 firft 
 
 AMERICA IN GENERAL. 5 
 firft came in fight of that continent, which, 
 was afterwards called, in general, America, 
 or fometimes, on account of its magnitude, 
 emphatically, The New World. 
 
 From the firft fucceffes of Columbus, all 
 Europe, which rcfoundcd with the fame oi 
 them, began to think that great m»n's pro- 
 jeft was not totally a chimera ; and the avar 
 rice of Henry VI!. of England, who, as we 
 before intimated, declined to engage in fuch 
 an undertaking when propofed by Columbus, 
 now prompted him to be dabbling in adven- 
 turous voyages alfo-. Neverthelefs, according 
 to his ufual fafe policy, he was refolved not 
 to be too venturerome j but granted a patent 
 to John Cabot, a Venetian^ and his fons *, 
 empowering them-, with five (hips bearing 
 Englifti colours, to difcover and take pof- 
 feffion of any countries, either in the eaft, 
 weft, or north, which before that time were 
 unknown to all Chriftians, referving to him- 
 felf a fifth part of the clear emoluments that 
 (bould arifc. This happened in 1496 i and, 
 in confequence, the eaftern coaft in general 
 m Lewis, Sebaftian, and Sancho. 
 
 A 3 ■ °f 
 
6 AMERICA IN GENERAL. . 
 of America, from latitude 34 deg. N. was 
 foon attcr difcovered, and, for a time, to- 
 gether with the ifland which ftill bears the 
 appellation, was called by iheEnglifli New- 
 foundland. From the difcoveries of the 
 Cabots, therefore. Great Britain derives her 
 claims in America, where, next to Spain, (he 
 holds the mod confiderablc poffcffions. 
 
 About 1498, Amcricus Vefpiicius, a Flo 
 fcntine, in a voyage from Spain, explored 
 «he coaftfi of Paria, Caracas, &c. to the 
 Gulphof Mexico i and (what is very ex- 
 traordinary) had the addrefs of appropriating 
 his own name to half the globe, though the 
 honour of the difcovery of it is undoubtedly 
 due to Columbus. 
 
 In 1 500, Alvarez Cabral was driven on the 
 coaft of Brazil in a ftorm, as he was proceed- 
 ing to the Eaft-Indics by the Cape of Good 
 Hope, which voyage was firft compleatly 
 made in 1 497. He fet up a pillar, with the 
 arms of the King of Portu^^l on it. But 
 Brazil was foon after more fully difcovered by 
 Americus Vefpucius above-mentioned, who 
 had quitted the fcrvic«iof Spain in difguft, 
 
 not 
 
 ^"Wl^ 
 
:neral. 
 
 34 deg. N. was 
 for a time, to- 
 rh ftill bears the 
 iheEnglidiNew- 
 fcoveries of the 
 itain derives her 
 lext to Spain, Ihc 
 J poffeffions. 
 Vefpiicius, a Flo- 
 Spain, explored 
 cas, &c. to the 
 what is very ex- 
 's of appropriating 
 jlobe, though the 
 it is undoubtedly 
 
 was driven on the 
 
 IS he was proceed- 
 
 the Cape of Good 
 
 firft compleetly 
 
 5 a pillar, with the 
 
 Lu^l on it. But 
 
 fully difcovered by 
 
 ••mentioned, who 
 
 Spain in difguft, 
 
 not 
 
 AMERICA IN general: 7 
 not thinking himfclf fufficiently rewarded,, 
 and entered into that of Portugal. 
 
 The caftern fide of the continent being 
 difcovered, the Spaniards afterwards made 
 their way to the weftern, amidft mill.ons of 
 Ldians, bv (laughter and devaftat.on, whah 
 Fernando Cortez began in the conqueft o 
 Mexico. Hence they fpread themfelves over, 
 the countries bordering on- the South-Sea 
 
 Tocompleat our account of the d.fcovery. 
 of this New World as far as yet made (for its 
 northernmoft parts are ftill unknown), it only 
 remains to be mentioned, that, about 1 520. 
 itsfouthern extremity was firft difcovered by 
 Magellan, whep he failed thro' the ftra.ght, 
 ftill bearing his name into the South-Sea. 
 , America at large is fuppoTed to contain 
 14,1 10,874 ftiu^rc miles, 60 to a degree; 
 which are 3^342,051 more than Alia; 
 A 4C6.067 more than Africa; and 9,654,809 
 mo'e than. Europe.: It is divided by geogra- 
 phers into North and South, the ifthmus of 
 Panama, or Darien, which is about 300 
 miles long, and 60 broad in its narroweft 
 part, joining the two huge raaffes, whu:h 
 A 4 
 
 «»> 
 
 I 
 
8 AMERICA IN GENERAL. 
 
 feem to balance each other. The north por- 
 tion is at prefcnt entirely polTefled by the 
 Englilh and Spaniards. The territories be- 
 longing to the fornrer conftitute the fubjetl 
 of the following pages i thofcof the latter 
 arc called Louifiana, New Mexico, Mexico 
 or New Spain*, and California. In South 
 America the Spaniards poflefs Terra Firma, 
 Peni, Paraguay br La Plata, (where the Je- 
 fuits have been long fince eftablifhed), Chili, 
 and Terra Magellanica (yet unfettled) ; the 
 Dutch and French, Guiana; and the Portu- 
 guefe, Brazil : befides thefe, there is a large 
 country called Amazonia, but as yet Eu- 
 ropeans are very little acquainted with it. 
 
 • Comprehended in N«w Spain, the ErtgHA claim and 
 liave fettlementi on part of the Bay of Hoftdura*, and 
 the Mofqutto-flwre, both which territoriea are generally 
 confidered as apnexed to and dependent on Jamaica, 
 
 MocTern g<fd«faphef • includie New Spain and **»«"<>"'» 
 pirt of TertaFlrma under the denominaifioit df the Weft- 
 Indie*» alfo Florida, now poflcffed by the EpglKh. 
 
 HISTORICAL 
 
lNERAL. 
 
 The north por- 
 poffcflcd by the 
 he territories bc- 
 litute the fubjctl 
 ofcof the latter 
 Mexico, Mexico 
 >rnis. In South 
 Pefs Terra Firma, 
 a, (where the Je- 
 ftablirtied), Chili, 
 :t unfettled) ; the 
 k; and the Portu- 
 e, there is a large 
 , but as yet Eu- 
 lainted with it. 
 
 , the ErfgHdi claim and 
 Baj of HbAdurai, and 
 territories «re gcneralijr 
 endent on Jamaica, 
 ew Spain and the north 
 ominatioii Of the Wett- 
 ed by the Englifli. 
 
 HISTORICAL 
 
 ,*«■!# 
 
 HISTORICAL PARTICULARS 
 
 KKLATIKa TO TMt 
 
 ' Rife, Piogrefs, and Prefent State; 
 
 or T II t . 
 
 BRITISH COLONIES in AMERICA. 
 
 Of NEW-BRITAIN, comprehending La- 
 brador, New North Wales, ^.c. 
 
 T 
 
 _^ H E eaftern coaft of North-America, in 
 general, as we have Already obfcrved, was 
 difcovered by the Cabots j but for the firft 
 knowledge the Ehglifli had of the interior 
 extenfive regions cortlprized urtder the de- 
 nomination of New-Britain*, they were in- 
 debted to the feveral adventurers in fcarch 
 of a-N.W. paflagc to China, &c. which 
 
 • See the feveral parts of this country in the column 
 of Di-vijions in the Table annexed. 
 
 A _5 proje(5t 
 
10 NEW-BRITAIN, &c. 
 
 projca began to be much in agitation in the 
 fixteenth century. Forbifher, Gilbert, Da- 
 vis Hiidfon, Button, Baffin, Munk, Fox, 
 James, Middleton. and, laftly. Moor, have 
 iucceirively embarked in the perilous under- 
 taking,--but in vain i amongft whom, how- 
 ever, he that fcems to have made the great- 
 eft progrcfs was Hudfon, in a voyage per- 
 formed in the year i6ior For that vi- 
 gorous exertion to fervc his country, he de- 
 ferved a better fate than bcfel him i of which 
 the prefent fubjea leads to a brief recital. 
 
 This flcilful and determined navigator firft 
 entered the ft-aights and bay which to this 
 day bear his name, and explored a great 
 part of the coaft-. but, though hitherto un- 
 fuccefeful in feeking the dcfired paffagc, he 
 was not hopekfs, nor difmayed by the many 
 difficulties he had met with, and determined 
 to perfevere in his endeavours the next y^ar. 
 With this view he wintered (it is faid) in 
 the latitude of 52 deg. N. which is beyond 
 
 ♦ Mr. Hudfon had before mtde thrw voytg« to the 
 N oraifcovery. In o„c of «W=h be penetrated mto the 
 
 umudeorsotd^g compaiifon 
 
 on' 
 
 ■f%. 
 
 ■X, 
 
N, &c. 
 
 jgitation in the 
 r, Gilbert, Da- 
 , Munk, Fox, 
 ly, Moor, have 
 perilous undcr- 
 jft whom, how- 
 Tiade the great- 
 \ a voyage pcr- 
 For that vi- 
 country, he de- 
 il him; of which 
 a brief recital, 
 ed navigator firft 
 ay which to this 
 ixplorcd a great 
 ugh hitherto un- 
 fired paffage, he 
 lyed by the many 
 I, and determined 
 iirs the next y^ar. 
 sd (it is faid) in 
 which is beyond 
 
 e three voyages to the 
 he penetrated into the 
 
 . comparifbn 
 
 NEW-BRITAIN, &c. n 
 
 comparifon more rigid in thofe parts than 
 with us, owing to the wind blow.ng for 
 three quarters of the year from the North, 
 over moft ftupendous high mountams which 
 are continually covered with fnow. But 
 when the feafon proper for profecut.ng the 
 difcovery arrived, his crew mutm.ed. and 
 having feized him, together with fevcn ot 
 thofe who were heft affeded towards him. 
 fet them adrift, in an open boat, in the 
 furrounding furious, icy feas, the dangers 
 of which if they efcaped, it was, doubtlels, 
 only to perifh among favages; His barba- 
 rous crew afterwards putting on fhore on an 
 idand for wildfowl (their provilions.beiPf'. . 
 confumed), four or five of the ringleaders 
 were cut to pieces by the native^ j but the 
 reft; with' the utmoft difficulty, cfft^ed. 
 their return home. 
 
 In 1670, certain perfons obtained a char- 
 ter for the exdulive right of trading to the 
 bay above-mentioned. They are commonly 
 called the Hudfon's-Bay Company, keep a 
 garrifon of 186, men in feveral forts round 
 the bay, employ four (Kips and 1 30 Tailors,. 
 
 export-. 
 
 • . . ■ f 
 
 i -^i 
 
 ^ 
 
,2 NEW-BRITAIN. &c. 
 
 export anrtually Britifli commodities to the 
 amount of 16,000,1. and, by their fur and 
 peltry trade, and filhcry. return to the value 
 of 20,3401. yielding to the revenue 37341- 
 Inconfidcrable as this traffic may appear, its 
 emoluments are vary great, as the riches of 
 the Company demonftrate. A revocation 
 of their charter has been fuggcfted as a 
 means of benefitting the nation by a free 
 trade to the Bay » but we apprehend, if any 
 
 advantage would «*=<^'"« /~"? ^"J? * P'^: 
 ccedingT which no doubt the Company 
 would think arbitrary, it is anticipated by 
 the acquifition of Canada, the northern parts 
 ,yf which feem equally convenient for dealing 
 in neltrv and furs with the territories allot- 
 Kdtolherf.andareopentoallBritimtra. 
 
 ders There is no other fettlcment m thefe 
 countries, owing to their bar^cnnrft and m- 
 clement climate, and, confequemly, h^ 
 are lefs k .own than any P"' ^V^^^f"' '^ 
 dominions belides. Avarice having here lit- 
 
 tie to feed oiv . , 
 
 The inhabitants of Labrador, in general, 
 little removed from aftatc of nature, are 
 ^^ conftanOy 
 
 -i>. 
 
 "^. 
 
N, &c. 
 
 i^odities to the 
 y their fur and 
 urn to the value 
 revenue 37341- 
 may appear, its 
 
 afi the riches of 
 A revocation 
 
 fuggcfted as a 
 nation by a free 
 pprchend, if any 
 From fuch apro- 
 t the Company 
 is anticipated by 
 :he northern parts 
 enient for dealing 
 e territories allot- 
 I to all Britilh tra- 
 etllcment in thefc 
 barrennefs and in- 
 onfequently, they 
 jart of the Britifh 
 cc having here lit- 
 
 >rador, in general, 
 
 ue of nattire, are 
 
 conftanUy 
 
 CANADA. 
 
 »3 
 
 conftantly engaged in war, and it .s ihc.r 
 cuftom to dcftroy the aged and decrcpul, 
 when they become ufelcfs and burthcnfomc ; 
 but with refpea to the Efquimaux, in parti- 
 cular, who occtipy the northern Ihore, we 
 gre informed by Lieutenant Roger Curtis, 
 who took a chart of their coaft, by order of 
 Commodore Shuldham, in i773. ^^^^ ^''^y 
 came indifputably from Greenland, are 
 ftrangcrs bo»h to jcaloufy and contention, 
 and, as he fuppofes, do not exceed in num^ 
 bcr 1623. Thiscoaft, from the river St. 
 John to Hadfon's Straights, was, by the 
 King's proclamation at the concUifion of the 
 laft war, in 1763, «" o'^er to extend the 
 Britifh fiOiery to thefe parts, put under the 
 care and infpcftion of the Governor of New- 
 foundland. 
 
 Of CANADA, or The PROVINCE of 
 OyEBEC. 
 
 THE French, who formerly poffeffed 
 *] -s country, were originally intruders into 
 it . as, it Ihould feem, they were alfo into 
 
 Louifiana» 
 
 jtr" 
 
14 
 
 CANADA. 
 
 Louifiana, their other quondam North- Ame- 
 rican territory. They had no right to either, 
 but what was derived from treaties. Their 
 pretended claim to Canada was founded on 
 Verronazi's difcovery in 1524, which was 
 certainly invalidated by that of th-^ Cabots, 
 made nolefsthan twenty-feven years before. 
 The country of Louifiana was early known 
 to the EngliHi, being firft difcovered and 
 explored by Col. Wood, between the years 
 1654 and 1664; and afterwards vifited by 
 Captain Bott, in 1670. Again, in 1698, two 
 ilhips, fitted out by Dr. Cox, of New Jerfey, 
 difcovered one of the mouths of the Miflifip- 
 pi, -and failing about a hundred miles up 
 that river, took pofTefllon of the country, 
 ^^ calling it Carolana. The next year, and not 
 * before, the French for the firft time fet fooj 
 on it, from v/hom it received the name of 
 Louifiana, which it has borne ever fince; 
 and, in 1 7 1 2, the trade of it was granted td 
 M. Crofat. 
 
 It may feem fome\yhat exiraordiw^fy, riiat 
 
 a' people,; who could in reality, >lvhatevcr 
 
 might be their prcienfions, plead no better 
 
 '^ •■' ' . '" ^^' right 
 
\ D A. 
 
 iiondam North- Ame- 
 ad no light to either, 
 om treaties. Their 
 lada was founded on 
 in 1524, which was 
 1 that of thv*: Cabots, 
 :y-(even years before, 
 ina was early known 
 firft difcovercd and 
 d, between the years 
 afterwards vifited by 
 Again, in 1698, two 
 Cox, of New Jerfey, 
 nouihs of the Miflifip- 
 a hundred miles up 
 :ffion of the country, 
 'he next year, and not 
 r the firft time fet foo^ 
 received the name of 
 has borne ever fmcc; 
 ie of it was granted to 
 
 hat e5:iraor.di.i^.ry,^iat 
 
 \ in reality, \^hatever 
 
 ifions, ple?id po better 
 
 right 
 
 CANADA. 
 
 15 
 
 right to a country than poffenion, (hould find 
 means to get themfelves eftablifhed thercm 
 by the countenance and authority *f treaties, 
 made with another power, which might claim 
 the fame country in right of original d.fco- 
 very; but is it not more extraordinary, that 
 a people fo circumftanced (hould not be 
 content with the allowed enjoyment of fuch 
 pofleffion, but muft etcn be daring enough 
 to fofter notions of fupplanting that other 
 power in fettlements to which its pretenfions 
 were indifputable ? Yet fo it was:-the 
 French, having once fettled themfelves oil 
 the banks of the rivers St. Laurence and 
 Miffifippi, (the only entrances mto their A- 
 merican territori«s, and whofe souths are 
 upwards of 3000 miles afunder) inftead ot ,, 
 confining themfelves to a weftern extenfio*, 
 in which direaion they had the breadth of 
 the whole continent before them, and pro- 
 bably would never have been molefted but 
 by the Indians, they bore towards the Eaft, 
 ftretched themfelves alon^ the back of the 
 BritiQi Colonies, and, by never miffing an 
 opportunity of making encroachment- 
 
 
i6 
 
 CANADA. 
 
 well in times of peace as of war, foon ma- 
 nifefted in America the fame perfidy, jea- 
 loufy, and" ambition, by which their nation 
 had long been charadtcrized in Europe. 
 
 The repetition of fuch aggreflion was the 
 immediate caufe of the laft war. In ilS^t 
 they feizcd two-thirds of Nova Scotia, and, 
 in 1752 and 1754, ereded forts at Shcnigto, 
 BayVcrtc, and at the mouth of St. John's 
 river : in 1752 and 1 753, they built two forts 
 on the lake Eilej and, in 17541 they took 
 two Englilh forts in the Ohio country* drove 
 the people out of the back fettlements, anJ, 
 as it were, kept Virginia and the neighbour- 
 ing colonies befieged by a cl»in of forts they 
 creded to facilitate the execution of their 
 afpirtng intention of becoming matters of 
 tlicm. Thefe and many other afts of hofli- 
 iity they committed, before the Englilh, 
 wearied out with fruitlefs negociation, rc- 
 folved to have recobrfe to arms for redrefs ; 
 in confequehce of which a declaration of 
 war took pl'^cc i n 1 7 5 6. 
 
 "We have been particuTar in fpccifying 
 feme o( the circumftanccs which brought on 
 
 this 
 
■ *■* 
 
 A. 
 
 war, (bon ma- 
 e perfidy, jca- 
 :h their nation 
 n Europe, 
 rreflion was the 
 var. In i?5o, 
 ^a Scotia, and* 
 rts at Shcnigta, 
 of St. John's 
 y buih two forts 
 
 754. ri«y ^^^ 
 country* drove 
 ttlemertts, anif, 
 the neighbour- 
 tt^n efforts they 
 cution of their 
 ling mailers of 
 ler ad\8 of hofli- 
 re the Englifli, 
 negociation, re- 
 rms for redrefs ; 
 I declaratipn of 
 
 ar in fpecifying 
 
 hich brought on 
 
 this 
 
 CANADA. 
 
 17 
 
 this war, that the reader may obferve how 
 confpicuous the hand of jufticc was in the 
 event of it ;— a war that, it is worthy of re- 
 mark, deprived the French of the very coun- 
 try in which it was by them fo wantonly be- 
 gun, and moreover occaficned their own 
 expulfion out of North-America, inftead of 
 cfFedtingthatoftheEnghfti, which was the 
 grand point they aimed to accompliih: for, 
 at the peace in 1763, they were obliged ta 
 fufFcr the mortification of confirming the 
 vidtoriotts Britons, whom they hoped t6 have 
 driven into the Atlantic, in their then pof- 
 feffion of Canada, by an cxprcfs ceflion ; 
 and, in 1 769, they gave up Louifiana, the 
 only territory they had there befides, to the! 
 
 crown of Spain. ^Such was the exit of 
 
 thofe infidious people oat of their North- 
 American territories, of which, but for their 
 refttefs jealoufy and afpiring effrontery, they 
 mightftill have kept peaceable pofftlTton, 
 and enriebe^ themfelves with ha products. 
 
 The French had various chimerical ideas 
 refpefting the limits of Canada ; in general, 
 however, their vanity made them very ex- / 
 
 tenfive^*^ 
 r 
 
i8 
 
 C A N ADA. 
 
 tenfive, comprehending, on the eaft, part 
 of Nova Scotia, New England, and New- 
 York, and thence the immenfe weftern re- 
 gions ftretching to the Pacific Ocean itfelf : 
 but, on its bcconning fubjeft to the King of 
 Great-Britain, as above-mentioned, certain 
 moderate boundaries were affigned to it 
 (under the denomination of the Government 
 of Quebec) by a proclamation iffued on the 
 7ih of Oftcber, 1763, for the general rcgu. 
 lation of the newly-acquired countries j ac- 
 cording to which, its northernmoft pomt 
 was the head of the river St. John on the 
 Labrador Coaft v Us wefternmoft, the fouth 
 end of the Lake Nipifltn v its fouthernmoft, 
 the 4cth parallel of north Uiitude, croffing > 
 the river St. Laurence and Lake ChampUmv* 
 and its eafternmoft. Cape Rofiers, in the 
 Gulph of St. Laurence V the land included- 
 being about eight hundred miles long, and 
 two hundred broad. Neverthelefs, "Vn74» 
 an a<a pafled for making m<*c effeftual 
 provifion for the government of this pro- 
 vince, of which, on account of the ftrenuous 
 \ oppofuion made to it in Parliament, and the 
 .. ^^ popular 
 
 \ 
 
 3 
 
 popnla: 
 create, 
 we flia 
 feveral 
 The 
 to the . 
 banks < 
 the be 
 pany. 
 
 By t 
 0(Slob( 
 I, 17' 
 
 By I 
 the ex 
 King't 
 of Oil 
 cufton 
 feflfing 
 added 
 from 
 andn 
 he (hi 
 
 By 
 excep 
 hold( 
 
A. 
 
 he eaft, part 
 d, and New- 
 \(c weftern re- 
 Ocean itfclf: 
 to the King of 
 ioned, ceriaini 
 afligned to it 
 e Government 
 a iffucd on the 
 ; general regur 
 countries; ac- 
 jernmoft point 
 John on the 
 moft, the fouth 
 B ibuthernmoft, 
 titude, crofling'j 
 ake ChampUinv^ 
 Rofiers, in the 
 ; land included* 
 miles long, and 
 
 thelefs, in n74» 
 md^c cffea«al; 
 »nt of this pro- 
 of the ftrenuous 
 liamenr, and the 
 popular 
 
 CANADA. 19 
 
 popular declamation it has, and does ftill 
 create, more or leO, throughout the nation, 
 we (hail here infcrt a concife abftraft of the 
 feveral ciaiifes; 
 
 The adt extends the province fouthward 
 to the banks of the Ohio, weiUvard to the 
 banks of the Miflifippi, and northward to 
 the boundary of the Hudfon's-Bay Com- 
 pany. 
 
 By the firft claufe, the proclamation of 
 Oaober 7, 1763, was rendered void May 
 
 i> >775- 
 By thefccond, the Romidi clergy enjoy 
 
 the exercife of their religion, fubjed to the 
 
 King's fupremacy, as eftablithed by the firft 
 
 of Qiieen Elizabeth; and receive their ac- 
 
 cuftomed dues apd rights from perfons pro^ 
 
 fefling the Romilh religion » with a provifo 
 
 added, that his Majefty (hall not bedifabled 
 
 from making fuch provifion for the fupport 
 
 and maintenance of a Protcftant clergy as 
 
 hcOiall think* fit. ^ 
 
 By the third claufe, all Canadian fubjecls, 
 except religious orders and communities, 
 hold all their properties, &c. as if the pro- 
 clamation 
 
ao 
 
 C A 
 
 N A D A. 
 
 ckmation had not been made ; and all con- 
 troverfies relative to property and c.v.I 
 
 gh arc determined by the C^^^^^^ 
 Lfoe-inbeing^orfuchasmaybeenaaed 
 
 ^ the Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, and 
 
 Ugidativc Council; v..th a prov.fo, that 
 
 mch perfons who have a right to alienate 
 
 g^^ds^ands, or credits in d.^^^^^^^^^^^ 
 
 may bequeath them to whom they wm ^ 
 
 ThJr death., but this does not e,^nd to 
 
 lands granted, or that may be granted, by 
 
 his Majcfty in common focage. - 
 
 Bv the fovirth claufc, the criminal law of 
 
 En Jand is inffituted. fubjea to fuch amend- 
 
 rntsasmaybemadebythcleg,aat.ve 
 
 powers now to be mentioned. 
 
 ^ By the fifth claufe. a legiHafvc authonty 
 
 is appointed, confifting of perfons refident 
 
 there, r»ot lefs than feventeen, nor mojc 
 
 than twenty-threc. to be appointed by his 
 
 ;l;2^efty,Jththeadvrceofhi,Privy^^^^^^^ 
 
 cil under.his or their fign manual, to make 
 
 ordinances for the government of the pro^ 
 
 . vince, with a prohibition from laying on 
 
 V taxes : and alfo every oirdi nance, &c. made. 
 
 is to b 
 
 difalto 
 
 nance 
 
 order 
 
 bee: 
 
 touch! 
 
 punifl 
 
 three 
 
 his ^ 
 
 alfo, 
 
 meeti 
 
 andP 
 
 fion, 
 
 dent 
 
 of, ii 
 
 Gove 
 
A. 
 
 i and all con- 
 :rty and civil 
 e Canada laws 
 nay be enadled 
 
 Governor, and 
 
 \ provifo, that 
 ^ht to alienate 
 . their lifctimCr 
 om they will at 
 not extend to 
 
 be granted, by 
 
 »ge. 
 
 : criminal law of 
 •t to fuch amend- 
 ly the legiflative 
 icd. 
 
 jiflative authority 
 f perfons refident 
 ntcen, nor. more 
 appointed by his 
 )f his. Privy Goun- 
 i manual, to make 
 ment of the pro- 
 n from laying on 
 inanGe»&c. made, 
 is 
 
 CANADA. 
 
 21 
 
 is to be tranfmitted to his Majefty, and, if 
 difallowed by his Majefty, every fuch ordi- 
 nance, &c. is to ceafe, upon his Majcft;y's 
 order in council being promulgated at Que- 
 bec : provided likewife, that no ordinance 
 touching 'religion, or infliaing any greater 
 puniftiment than fine, or imprironmcnt for 
 three months, (hall be valid, till it receives 
 his Majefty's approbation ; and provided 
 alfo, that no ordinance (hall be pafled at 
 meeting of council, except between Jan. i, 
 and May i, unlcfs upon fome urgent occa- 
 fion, when every member of council refi- 
 dent at Quebec, or within fifty miles there- 
 of, is to be perfonally fummoned by the 
 Governor or Lieutenant-Governor, or Com- 
 mander in Chief in his abfence, to attend 
 
 the fame. 
 
 By the fixth and laft claufe, his Majefty 
 and fucceflbrs may ered any courts, crimi- 
 nal, civil, and ecclefiaftical, within the pro- 
 vince of Quebec, by letters patent under 
 the Great Seal, whenever his Majefty (hall 
 judge neceflfary. 
 
^^ CANADA. 
 
 Of this aa V.C (haU only obfcrvc in g«ne- 
 „1 1 a. he principles on which it .s framed 
 
 arc II u' J /v.,11 »<.ave to our readers 
 
 r 7etfs'°t:: of wW: perhaps wii. 
 themfelves, tome objeftions 
 
 ""'S-S'c.': arnf i^ 4 reJ.r..ing. 
 
 „gula.ion « .s calculat^. a« ► ^^^ 
 
 confequently moft '" '"" "^„,fc „f'„hat 
 
 the Engliftl call /««. < ,; 
 
 nLtherieht of taxation, mto an aC- 
 
 Tv nno-atb-4, -^-^ -"l^^ tin 
 
 projeaed in that refpea. 
 
 ^ The conqueft and fubfeqnent ceffion of 
 
 TMU the Enclilh into the updi- 
 this country ptU the tngum ^^^^^^^ 
 
 fturbe< 
 thirty- 
 expon 
 furs,' 
 wheat 
 which 
 tides ! 
 Th 
 the Ir 
 meno 
 
 45»«: 
 now 
 
 acced 
 
 fettlei 
 
jfcrvc in gene- 
 ich it is framed 
 
 ular comments 
 
 e to our readers 
 
 perhaps, will 
 
 the objeftions 
 
 by remarking, 
 eople for whofe 
 ire French, and 
 with that fyftem 
 
 reverfc of what 
 /hich they have 
 As to the policy 
 
 along the back 
 h Colonies, with 
 imagined, to awe 
 ly contention con- 
 tion, into an aC- 
 iV terms, the time 
 jch'wiU b<?ft (h«w. 
 the aa has been 
 
 bfequent ceflion of 
 
 glifh into the updi- 
 
 ftuibcd 
 
 NOVA-SCOTIA. 23 
 
 fturbed poflTcflion of its trade, which employs 
 thirty-four (hips and 400 feamen 1 and the 
 exports to Great-Britain, confiding of fkin?, 
 furs, ginfeng, fnake-root, capillaire,' and 
 wheat, amount to 105,500!. annually, 
 which is nearly the value of the Englilh ar- 
 ticles fent to Canada in return. 
 
 The inhabitants of Canada, exclufive of 
 the Indians, were not eftimated, at the com- 
 mencement of the laft war, at more than 
 45,000 i nor can they be fuppofed to be 
 now much incrcafed, otherwife than by the 
 a'cceffion of fuch Englifh fubjeds as have 
 fettled amongft them fmce the peace. 
 
 Of NOV a- SCOTIA. 
 
 THOUGH this territory undoubtedly be- 
 longed to the Englifh by right of difcovery, 
 yet not being fettled by them, the French 
 ufurped it till the year 1613, when they 
 were driven out by Sir Samutl Argal. In 
 i6z2, the Scotch began a fcttlemcnt here, 
 under Sir William Alexander,jYho had ob- 
 
 *^ iainc4' 
 
14 NOVA-SCOTIA. 
 
 tained a grant of the country for that purpofe 
 from Jmics I to whom he w<is Secretary i 
 and hence it acquired the name of Nova- 
 Scotia, or New-Scotland In 1630, Sir Wil- 
 liam, as if endued with the giftof Tecond 
 fight, fold his property herein to one Claude 
 de la Tour, a French proteftant, whom he 
 had permitted to fettle at St John's, and 
 who was to hold it of the crown of Scotland; 
 two years after which the country was impo- 
 liticly yielded upto the French (who called 
 it L'Acadie) by the treaty of St. Germain en 
 Laye. It was recovered in Oliver Cromwell's 
 time, but again given up by the treaty of 
 Breda ; and thus it afterwards reverted fcve- 
 ral times, from the one nation *o the other, 
 till it was finally confirmed to tht Englifli, in 
 , 7 , 3, by the treaty of Utrecht. TheFrench 
 fettlcTS transferred their allegiance, but were 
 allowed the enjoyment of their religion and 
 plantations, and called the Neutral French •, 
 though they by no means aiifwered that cha- 
 racter, either in the war of 1 744> <^ '" *•*« 
 
 • " ' 4aft, 
 
 '%., 
 
SCOTIA. 
 
 nuntry for that purpofe 
 om he w«8 Secretary i 
 id the name of Nova- 
 nd In 1630, Sir Wil- 
 /iih the giftoffccond 
 y herein to one Claude 
 h proteftant, whom he 
 ttle at St John's, and 
 the crown of Scotland; 
 I the country was impo- 
 the French (who called 
 reatyofSt. Germain en 
 ed in Oliver CromwcU's 
 en up by the treaty of 
 Frcrwards reverted fcve- 
 >ne nation *o the other, 
 irmed to the Eng'ilh, in 
 of Utrecht. The-French 
 leir allegiance, but were 
 *nt of their religion and 
 led the Neutral French i 
 neans atifwered that cha- 
 
 waroifi744> Of '"*'** 
 • 4aft, 
 
 NOVA-SCOTIA. 
 
 «5 
 
 laft, in both which they gave their country- 
 men all the afliftance they could in their 
 hoftile attempts in thofe parts. 
 
 In 1731, the crtjwn pufchafed of Aglate 
 de la Tour, a defcendant of Claude de la 
 Tour above mentioned, th<? whole property 
 of Nova Scotia, for 2000 guineas. This 
 female had artfully recovered it from the 
 different hands it had fallen into during fo 
 many revplutions, and wifely fold it as above. 
 It is, therefore in a peculiar ipanner, a royal 
 province. ) , 
 
 On the peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, in 1748, 
 the Englifti government, in confequcnce of 
 the imagjincd importance of this country, 
 began to rnake preparation f<?r fettling it 01^ 
 a refpeji^able footing. The defign was in- 
 defatigably purfued by the Earl of Halifax j 
 and next year, 3750 families embarked as a 
 colony, with the Hon. Edward Cornwallis, 
 Efqi at their ][?ead, who had bjcep appointed 
 Governor and Commander i.n.,^hief ^ ,and 
 by them was built the town of Halifax, fo 
 called in hopourqf their chief. patron. They 
 were joined by other companies, both from 
 
 B * the 
 
^ HOVA-SCOTIA. 
 
 ,,c mother-country and Ncw-YoVW.^^ 
 
 txi^ncc, however, has attended th, fe le 
 S Within .he firftfeven years the Par- 
 
 ;rcm granted «..esf..^^^ 
 
 Prior to the commencement of the laft 
 
 .r the French, >vhofe claims were gene- 
 
 "" : tece^d by their taking po(rcirton. 
 
 .Kftion of forts; but, m i75S. il«y «"« 
 
 "'VtSTpor.,.oNova.Sco,i.connft 
 thU of fi(hingt«kle. nggmg for tops. 
 
 ' w%-wruM viwa kift ftJRoi. (m Aprfi. .yysr f<*'^«' 
 
 not 
 
:OTIA. 
 
 New-Yo^W.' Avaft 
 attended this feitlc- 
 fcvcn years the Par- 
 es for its fupport, no 
 
 nccmcnt of the laft 
 )fc claims were gcnc- 
 cir taking poffcflion, 
 5 country, and thought 
 
 ing by i^e fi'bfequc*^^ 
 ", ini755» they were 
 int Colonel (now Gc- 
 
 i to Nov a- Scotia confift 
 kle, riggit^g for fhips, 
 cloth, to the value of 
 lualty -; the imipofts m 
 mdth6prodticc.^the 
 
 unt of about jf^ool. 
 cctn, that this colony, 
 d to put Govethrtent tb 
 
 ► Hate Wceti tnaiiitaifted, 
 
 o«. 5<1' . 
 
 not 
 
 NOVA-SCOTIA. a7 
 
 not for the fflke of the mcrcani.lc benefits 
 to be derived fiom itfelf, which appear fo 
 inconrtdtrable, but with a vkw of prevent- 
 ing the annoyances to which the other co- 
 lonies would be expofed, were this in the 
 potTeflion of an enemy. 
 
 Charles Laurence, Efqi wis appointed 
 the firft Lieutenant Governor, and Jonathan 
 Belcher, Efqi Chief Juftice, in 17541 the 
 latter of whom ftill holds his office. The 
 prefent 'Governor is Francis Legge, Efq; 
 and Lieutenant Governor, Michael Franck- 
 lin, Efq-, 
 
 Cape Breton. 
 
 This ifland was formerly annexed by the 
 French to the government of Nova Scotia, 
 but they did not give it up with that coun- 
 try to the Englidi at the treaty of Utrctht. 
 In 1745, Admiral Warren, and the Ame- 
 ricans under Lieut. Gen. Pepperell, re- 
 duced it, but only to be reftored at'the 
 peace of Aix-la-Chapelle. During the laft war 
 it was again taken, in 1 758,0h.y Admiral 
 B z Bofcaweri 
 
j8 NEW-ENGLAND. 
 Borc»«» «nd General An^erft,^a»^; 
 cording to the «»"f ' °' ' h. jiflion 
 
 of Nova- Scotia, by ms mu* r_. .he 
 
 ;!odama.on of Oaober I^^J^ 
 ^tter protcaion of us hmery, 
 confiderable. 
 
 Of NEW.-ENGLAND. 
 
 ^ocnP is no certain account, that this 
 
 ^?.eLrory -»« aaually vifited by 
 
 . any European, ttU Ba .^ ^^.^ 
 
 ^„ Engljftin^an ^^^^^^^^^^^ the new-difco- 
 
 ,602. He called three ot ^^^^^^^ 
 
 IflandB, and another of *ne y ^^^^_ 
 of Martha'sN^ineyar^^^^^^^ 
 
 t::::^ed^rf:J:s— sbothoi 
 
 .p^Ucaf-on was roade by «' »;" » , 
 
 lands in AW'ca, funilar to raa ^^^^^ 
 
 
L N G L A N D. 
 
 leral Amherft ; and, ac- 
 nple of its old eftabVlfh- 
 ,„, under the jurifdiaion 
 
 , hi< Britannic Maiefty a 
 
 Wber 7. M63. f"''*^, 
 of its fifhcrj. "'»'■' " 
 
 ,V.-EN GLAND. 
 
 .certain account, that this 
 ., „„ aaually vifitri by 
 .m Bartholomew Gofnold, 
 failed hither in the year 
 ,d three of thenew-djfco- 
 then.n.eoftheEtol«th 
 
 «herot*hen<.by.hen«ne 
 
 nevard , and, having traf- 
 XntUc»iththen«.ves. 
 favourable accounts both of 
 
 r^flh-tsfucceftfulvoya^. 
 .sm«le by certain spntletn" 
 
 •cUartothatwhtdtS. 
 
 NEW-ENGLAND. 2? 
 
 Walter Raleigh had obtained from Cfcieen 
 mitbeth., but which h«i been forfeited 
 bv his attainder-, and, accordingly, m .606. 
 It king granteil all the north continent 
 
 from , Jo 45 d'S '^'"'^'"^ '" '"'° '""' ^°" 
 S; onerf whlh, extending frotn 34 »■ 
 
 rdeg. was allotted to perfons called the 
 J:ondon Company, being principal, mer- 
 A^ts of that city i the o*er, reachingfrom 
 ,8 to 4? deg. was configned to other per- 
 fons chirfl?of Devonfhire, and called the 
 pTymothCompanyr their Kmi« feawa'd 
 Xithin land (frctched a hundred m->« 
 each way •, and they were under the re- 
 ^aion of not fettling within that diftance 
 one of anotter. It may h«-e be proper to 
 remark, that, ai the name of V'i|™« h'^ 
 Cg^ner.ll>g;ven.o .11 Eng* North 
 
 America, on Sir Writer Raleigh's ^a at- 
 tZ, ,0 fettle it, fo the 6,ft of the above- 
 mentioned portions newly P""'^""! " " 
 ed South Virginia, and the other Nprth Vir- 
 ginia , and their refpeflive coropanifes were 
 
 • See our account of Virginia. 
 
 B3 
 
 fometimes . 
 
■if 
 
 30 NEW-ENGLAND. 
 
 fometimes diftinguiflied by ihs fame deno- 
 minations. 
 
 Agreeable to this grant, the Plymouth 
 Company, in 1607, meditated a fetllement 
 at Sagcc* .hok ^ and about a hundred pcrfon* 
 were fcnt to make the attempt ^ but the 
 deaths of feveral gentlemen concerned in 
 the undertaking, amongft whom was John 
 Popham, Efqi its principal promoter, hap- 
 pening foon after, It was dropped, and the 
 colonizers returned to England. 
 
 Thus foiled, the patentees exerted them- 
 felves but feebly afterwards to fettle their new 
 territories: neverthelefs the Englilh fent 
 mips to the coaft, (ome for the purpofc of 
 iiftiing, others to trade with the natives ^ 
 and the French, haying alfo fowid their 
 way hither, and made fomc advances to- 
 wards eftaWiihing themfelves, were routed 
 
 In 1614, Captains John Smith and Tho- 
 mas Hunt^ in two (hips, made tlic fame voy- 
 aee. the former took a furvey of the tcr- 
 riiory of tile Indians called Maffachufets, 
 which on his return he prefented to the 
 ■'■ Pnnce 
 
I L A N D. 
 
 by the fame dcno- 
 
 rant» the Plymouth 
 ditat^d a fettlemeiit 
 It a hundred pcrfon* 
 I attempt ». but the 
 emen concerned in 
 gft whom was John 
 cipal promoter, hap- 
 as dropped, and the 
 Ingland. 
 
 entees exerted them- 
 ards to fetrie their new 
 efs the Englilh fent 
 \c for the purpofe of 
 ie with the natives ^ 
 ring tifo found their 
 le fome advances to* 
 ;mfelves» were routed 
 
 John Smith and Tho- 
 ps, made tlic fame voy- 
 »ok a furvey of the ter- 
 s called Maffachufets, 
 , he prefented to the 
 Prince 
 
 NEW-ENGLAND. 3^ 
 
 Prince of Wales (afterwards Charles!.), who 
 ^Lethecouhtry.the appellation of New- 
 
 England, and changed the on^n* na«.e o 
 Ma^rachufets rJTer into that of Charles. Hut 
 had been direfted to carry the m to be dil- 
 pofed of in Spain; but. in theexecut.on of 
 this order, his atarice led him tothecf.m- 
 Sonofanaaionvvhiehwelln,ghrume4. 
 die Englilh intercfl among fome of the In 
 
 called Patuxes on board, and fold them m 
 Spain as Haves, at the rate Af twenty poimds 
 /man. For this e«crabletr«ach«yhe was 
 broke by his o^wera o" doming hornet but 
 that made noreparation to the Patuxes tn 
 America, who Nvere highly exafperated, and 
 determined on, revenge: It does not appea* 
 that tb^y had any opportunity of Mtrywg 
 this rcfolution >intd executioit^ tiU the year 
 ,6iQ. when Captain Dormer vifmng their 
 coaft and hibding, was fo furioufly fet up^ 
 bv them, that he narrowly cfcaped with his 
 life, having received no lefs than fourteen 
 wounds. Perhaps their animofity aga.nft 
 the Englilh would have proved irreconci e- 
 B 4 . ®°'*» 
 
 iiM*iHr^-' 
 
32 NE W.ENGLAND. 
 
 able, had not one of the- Indians, named 
 Squonto, whom; Hunt had foJd in Spain, 
 luckily made his efcape into England, and 
 been brought back by CaptSIn Dormer to 
 his native home, where he gave his country- 
 men an account of the deteftation m which 
 the EngVilh held Hunt's villainy, and of hi» 
 nurtifhment, extolling at the fame time the 
 kind treatment which he himfelf had rccciv- 
 ed :— by which means he gradually pacified 
 them, though too late to prevent their af- 
 faulting Captain Dormer. _ 
 
 AboUt Jib ycarshad now paffed fince the 
 firftr difcovfery of North-Ameiica, without? 
 any other fetilement being formed there than: 
 the one firft fet on foot by Sir Walter Raleigh 
 at Virginia (now* properly fo called)* and 
 even that, a« k^re. was ftruggling fdrlife. 
 Thr^mifcarriag?f indeed, i« not much td: 
 be wondered at* confidering the prod.giou* 
 cxpcncc likely to be incurred •; for the 
 land, being in its natural wild, uncleared 
 
 . Sir FerdinnnaaGorgei a.?d. Captain John. Mf/;otl 
 are faid to havefpent rto left than 20.000 1, each. «n un- 
 pVofiuibte coldniaiiig ahdertakings. ' ' - ^^ 
 
NEW-ENGLAND. 
 
 33 
 
 LAND. 
 
 e- Indians, named 
 ad fold in Spain, 
 into England, and 
 :aptSn Dormer to 
 c gave bis country- 
 eteftation in which 
 i^illainy, and of hi» 
 : the fame time the 
 himfelf had rccciv- 
 e gradually pacified 
 :o prevent their af- 
 
 novf pafled fince the 
 j.Ameiica, withoue 
 ig formed there than: 
 y Sir Walter Raleigh 
 fly fo called)* and 
 IS ftruggUng fopUfe 
 ed, i« not much :t6: 
 :ring the prbdigiauft 
 incurred •; for the 
 ral wild, uncleared 
 
 han zo.oobl. e^cK >ja ua- 
 .Ings. -.-^^ I'M-jn... .-..v 
 
 ftate, 
 
 !4' 
 
 ftate, afforded no immediate conveniences 
 or fubfiftence i and the ideas of the advan- 
 tage deducible from fifliing on the coaft, 
 and trafficking with the natives in (kms and 
 furs, which wasMl this country offered, were 
 as yet too faint toftimulaie to a pcrfeverancc 
 in arduous undertakings minds full of the 
 readier way, newly taught by theSpamards, 
 of acquiting treafure from the bowels of the 
 earth. Thus, the few attempts which had. 
 becn made by the Plymouth Company, with 
 the direft view of founding a colony, havmg 
 failed, the Company itfelf bad infenfibly 
 funk into annihilation-; wben^b! a molt 
 wonderful turn of affairs enfued, and the 
 wi(hed.for period arrived, when leaft cxpc«r 
 ed i— the event, which the motives of mr 
 tereft arifing from, a new branch of com- 
 merce had been too weak to effetluate, was 
 wonderfully brought about by the influence 
 ofthofe of religion.. 
 
 Certain Brownifts*; who^ witH one Mh 
 Robinfon at their head, had,, about the year 
 
 1608, 
 
 ^ The firft feft which feparated from the church* 
 
 aud fo. called from one Brown, a. young clergyman of 
 
 B J. »® 
 
 K4 
 
54 NEW-ENGLAND. 
 
 1608, in order to avoid perfecution in Eng- 
 land, retired to Amfterdam, and next year 
 to Leyden, in Holland, (where they began 
 to dwindle away), folicitcd, about the year 
 1617, the South Virginia Company for a 
 traa of their American territory. With this 
 application of the Brownift* that Company 
 were fo well pleafed, that they even ad- 
 drerted the King in their behalf, for a grant 
 under the gttJftt feal. fetting them entirely 
 at liberty as to matters of religion j but no- 
 thing more than a promifc of conmvance 
 being to be obtained from James, the de- 
 fign was not then carried into execution 
 In 16.9. refolding to venture at all evens, 
 they renewed their application v and to- 
 wards the end of that year a grant pajed, 
 under the Company's feal. to John Win- 
 
 cob. 
 
 fire and zeal over-proportionate to kU dlfcretlon. It is 
 ly "harJhough he boaftcd he bad been m every pr|- 
 r • F«» knd for religion and confcience fake, yet af- 
 rarKoHng^nfade a recantation ; but he found 
 it Icb eafier tl feduce people from the church, than 
 to bring them back again to u. 
 
LAND. 
 
 perfecution in Eng- 
 im, and next year 
 (where they began 
 ted, about the year 
 lia tompany for a 
 erritory. With this 
 lifts that Company 
 that they even ad- 
 behalf, for a grant 
 iting them entirely 
 of religion j but no- 
 mifc of connivance 
 rom James, the de- 
 fied into execution, 
 cnture at all events, 
 pplication v and to- 
 year a grant paffed, 
 feal, to John Win- 
 
 late to \m dlfcretion. It is 
 d be bad been in every pri- 
 ind confcience fake, yet »f- 
 1 recantation : but he found 
 opie from the church, than 
 
 In 
 
 NEW- ENGLAND. 
 
 35 
 
 In July, 1620, a part of them arrived at 
 Southampton, where two fhips had been 
 prcvioufly provided for their accommoda- 
 tion. They attracted the attention of the 
 London merchants, fomc of whom joined 
 perfonally, whilft others entfufted them 
 with goods and money by way of adven- 
 ture. On the 5th of next month they fct 
 faili but one of the (hips fpringinga leak, 
 they were twice obliged to put back, and at 
 laft to take their paflage in one. (hip well 
 (lowed, which left Plymouth on the 6th of 
 September. They were bound toHudfon's 
 river; but the Dutch having bribed thHr 
 pilot to carry them more northerly, they 
 arrived in the harbour of Cape Cod on the 
 1 1 th of November. 'Tvvas now too ktc for 
 them to ventare to fea again ; they, there- 
 fore, ranged in a boat along the coaft, and . 
 having found a commodioHs fitijation,. they 
 kiik a town, and gdvc it the nafne of New 
 Plymouth, in memory of tlie lafttngltflii 
 port they had failed from, 
 
 Thefc adventurers amounted to about one 
 hundred ; but John Wincob, the ^^bove* 
 
 mentioned 
 
36 NEW.ENGLAND.i; 
 
 mentioned grantee, was not among them : 
 however they could have derived no t.ile 
 from the faid grant, as that part of the coun- 
 try to which theirpilot had fteered them was 
 not within the limits prefcrrbed in it. the 
 claim of the South-Virginia Company ex- 
 tending no higher than to about »^»«'^« N. 
 of the mouth of Hudfon's river. Ncverthe- 
 lefs fclfprefervation dilated to them Jc 
 pcceflity of forming themfelves into an aflb- 
 ciation on their «rivaUt Cape Cod -bch 
 thev did by an inftrumcnt figned by forty- 
 one perfons, wherein 'hey declared them- 
 felves fuhjeas of the crown of England, and 
 folemnly promifed fubmiffion to fuch laws 
 as the go^-of the colony (bould rendej: .t 
 neceffafy for the majority to iftake Mr. 
 arvT, a^entlcman of confiderable fortune 
 
 which he hadembarked in th'S -nd«tak.ng^ 
 they unanimoudy appomted the.r firft G^ 
 vernor. Fifty of them died the enfumg 
 
 '"'iTad the colony been now attacked, they 
 mud hare fallen an eafy prey to the neigh- 
 bouring Indians i but thefe favages hidj- 
 
LAND. 
 
 5 not among them : 
 ivc derived no title 
 hat part of the coun- 
 adfteered them was 
 
 prefcribed in it, the 
 rginia Company ex- 
 to about ao miles N. 
 )n's river. Neverthe- 
 lidtatcd to them the 
 •mfelves into an aflo- 
 at Cape Cod, which 
 lent figncd by forty- 
 ♦hey declared them- 
 rown of England, and 
 )miffion to (tjch laws 
 lony (bould render »t 
 
 jority to make. Mr. 
 fconfidcraWeforame, 
 Ed in this undertaking, 
 pointed their firft Go- 
 liem died the enfuing 
 
 cen now attacked, they 
 :afy prey to the neigh- 
 rt thcfc ravages had al- 
 ready 
 
 KEW-ENGLAND. 
 
 37 
 
 ready bloody work enough upon their hands, 
 being engaged in a war with another tr.be ^ 
 the natives called Narraganfcts ; bef.des 
 which, it is faid, they fuffered greatly from 
 an epidemical difeafc, which was very rife 
 among them at this time. Thcfe circumftan- 
 ces inclined them to friendlliip •. and Squan- 
 to, of whom we before had occafion to fpeak, 
 prevailed upon the chief Sachem, whofe 
 name was Maflaflbiet, to pay a vifu to the 
 cblony, which hi did in great form the next 
 March, and entered into an alliance wjih 
 them, acknowledging King James to be h.s 
 fovcreign. Of this Maflaffoiet.it is pretend- 
 ed the qolony purchafed their land. 
 
 In April died Mr. Carver, who was fuc 
 ceede'd as Governor by Mr. Bradford, for- 
 merly a gentleman of Yo;k(hire. 
 
 In the mean time, the fpirit of colonizing 
 
 revived .in England, to which probably the 
 
 .adventure of the Brownifts not a little cori- 
 
 tributed i and a new patent was granted, 
 
 dated Nov. 3r»6ao, incorporating adventu- 
 
 rers 
 
38 
 
 NEW-ENGL/IN0. 
 
 rcrs to the northern colony, by the name of 
 the Council for the affairs of New-England, 
 or, as they were commonly called, the Coun- 
 cil of Plynaoiith. This grant included all 
 lands between the 40th and 48 ih degrees of 
 N. latitude, and E. and W. between fea and 
 fca, if not pofleflcd by any Chriftian ftate, 
 nor within the limits of the fouihcrn colony 
 already mentioned ; the quit-rent to be th« 
 fifth part of all their gold and filvcr ore. 
 
 Of the above Council oC Plymouth a Mr, 
 Wellon obtained the firft grant of lands on 
 theMaffachufets-bay, and, in 1622, between 
 50 and 60 perfons began a plantation at a 
 place fince named Weymouth; but through 
 their bad condudt, and unneighbourly be- 
 haviour towards tbtj Indians, it did not fuc- 
 
 ceed. 
 
 The Council made fcveral other trifling 
 grants, but none worthy of mention till 
 1627, when they fold to fix Dorfetfhire gen- 
 tlemen ** all lands from tfhrce miles north- 
 •* ward of any and every part of Mcni- 
 ** mack river to three miles fouthward of 
 " any and every part of Oha4cs river, *nd 
 
 "of 
 
GL/IND. 
 
 ony, by the name of 
 kirs of New-England, 
 )nly called, the Coun- 
 is grant included all 
 I and 48 th degrees of 
 I W. between fea and 
 ^ any Chriftian ftatc, 
 •f the fouihcrn colony 
 he quit-rent to be the 
 )ld and filvcr ore. 
 :il oC Plymouth a Mr, 
 firft grant of lands on 
 ind,in 1622, between 
 :gan a plantation at a 
 lymouth; but through 
 id unneighboarly be- 
 [ndians, it did not fuc- 
 
 ; feveral other trifling 
 )rthy of mention till 
 to fix Dorfetftiire gen- 
 om tfhree miks north- 
 ever y part of Mcrri- 
 :e miles fouthward of 
 1 of Cha4es nver, ^nd 
 "of 
 
 NEW-ENGLAND. 
 
 S9 
 
 ♦• of Maflachufct's-bay, caft and weft from 
 •♦ fea to ff a, with all iflands on the eaftern 
 " or weftcrn coafts." The fix gentlemen 
 who had obtained this grant, having alToci- 
 atcd to themfclves twenty others, Mr. En- 
 dicot, an original grantee was difpatched to 
 Naumkeak (afterwards by him named Sa- 
 lem) with planters, and furnillied with in- 
 ftruftions to fupcrintcnd the affairs of the 
 colony i be was to be aflifted alfo by a kind 
 of council, confiding of fome of the other 
 grantees, who went over at the fame time. 
 
 But now the aflbciation difcovered, that, 
 thovigh they had a good title to the lands by 
 virtue of their purchafe of them from- the 
 Plymouth Company, they were neverthclefs, 
 deftitute of the powers of government, 
 which could only be conveyed to them by a 
 royal charier. They, therefore, applied to 
 Charles I. who accordingly, granted them a 
 charter, dated March 24, 1628-9, according 
 to which the corporation was to confift of a 
 Governor, a Deputy-governor, and eighteen 
 Afliftants, to be chofcn annually out of the 
 
 freemen. 
 
 mtur 
 
40 
 
 NEW-ENGLAND. 
 
 freemen. For the firft year, the King nomi- 
 nated Matthew Craddock, Governor, and 
 Thomas Goff, Deputy-governor i alfo the 
 eighteen Alliftants. The Governor was 
 empowered to call an aflcmbly at pleafure, 
 and the Governor and AlTiftants, not Icfs 
 than fcvcn in number, might once a month 
 meet to tranfaft bulinefs. Four great and 
 general courts or aflemblies of the freemen 
 were to be holden annually ; at which the 
 Governor, and at lead fix of the Afllftants^ 
 with the rcprefentatives of the townfhips, 
 were to admit freemen, conftitute officers, 
 and make laws, but not repugnant to the 
 Jlatutes of England. Such wtre the fun- 
 damentals of what is now called the old 
 charter; 
 
 The Company being thus encouraged by 
 royal favour, a (econd embarkation was foon 
 after determined on, which was accompan*- 
 ed by four minifters. They arrived at Sa^ 
 lem the 29th of June, where they found a- 
 bout I eo planters and nine houfes. Their own 
 addition made the whole number of fcttlets 
 
 about 
 
GLAND. 
 
 year, the King nomi- 
 ock, Governor, ami 
 -governor \ alfo the 
 The Governor was 
 aflcmbly at picafure, 
 I AlTiftants, not Icfs 
 
 might once a month 
 efs. Four great and 
 nblics of the freemen 
 iniially ; at which the 
 t fix of the AfTiftants^ 
 C8 of the townfhips, 
 n, conftitute officers, 
 
 nof repugnant to the 
 Such wtrc the fun- 
 i now called the old 
 
 g thus encouraged by 
 embarkation was foon 
 which was accompani- 
 They arrived at Sor 
 , where they found a- 
 ninc houfes. Their own 
 lole number of fettlers 
 about 
 
 NEW-ENGLAND. 4« 
 
 about 300, 100 of whom removed to 
 Charleftown, where was one houfe built > 
 the rpft remained at Salem. 
 
 ThcPiirit.ins, now turning their thoughts 
 to (piritual inftitutions, after a previous en- 
 quiry concerning the regulations adopted 
 by the Brownifts at New Plymouth, fixed 
 on the 6th of Auguft for the choice and or- 
 dination of elders and deacons, when thirty 
 perfons entered into a covenant in writing, 
 and two of the above minifters were eledled, 
 the one as teacher, the other as paftor, both 
 of them conjointly with three or four per- 
 fons of the graver fort, laying their hands 
 on one another, with folemn prayer. • This 
 is called the beginning of the eburcb. How- 
 ever, it did not give univerfal fatisfaAion. 
 Two gentlemen (Meff. Samuel and John 
 Brown) of Mr. Endicot's council, not ap- 
 proving of this rejcdion of the church of 
 England, withdrew, with fome others of 
 the people who were of the fame fentiments, 
 in order to form a feparate focicty \ but 
 this was foon crufhed by the Governor's 
 
 fending 
 
42 NEW-ENG L AND. 
 
 fending his two counfellors back to Engp- 
 
 land. 
 
 In July 1629, feveral perfons of fortune,, 
 difgvifted at the proceedings both in church 
 and (late at home, propofcd a large embarka- 
 tion, and the transfer of the corporation it-; 
 felf, to America-i and, after fome delibcrar 
 tion concerning the legaUty of the meafurc,i 
 it was refolved, "by the general confeny of 
 »• the Company, that the government and 
 " patent Ihould be fculed. in Ncw-Eng^ 
 
 " land." , fjiumi" ^ 
 
 In Oaober, 16*9, a new Governor, De^ 
 puty, and Afliftants, were elefted, confifting 
 of fuch perfons as were willing to go over 
 with the patent. In the fpring of the next 
 year, they embarked, and were followed by 
 other adventurers at different times; fp that, 
 before the end of July, eleven fhfpa bad ar 
 rived in New-England^ and by the end of 
 the year fix more, having carried thither 
 
 upwards of 1500 fouls. The Governor, 
 
 John Winthrop, Efq; had failed^fromYar!. 
 mouth in the Arabella, on board whiih, Iw 
 and other gentlemen figned a paper, where- 
 
 it 
 
ENGLAND, 
 
 covinfellora back to ^tiQ- 
 
 feveral perfons of fortune, 
 >rocecdings both in church 
 , propofcd a large embarka- 
 n&kr. of the corporation il- 
 , and, after fome delibcra- 
 the legality of the meafurc, 
 ♦♦.by the general confent of 
 , that the government and 
 I be icttled. in Ncw-Eng- 
 
 629, a new Governor, Dc- 
 ints, were elected, conftfting 
 as were willing to go over- 
 In the fpring of the next 
 irked, and were followed by 
 IS at different times j fo that, 
 of July, eleven fhipa bad ar- 
 ingland, and by the end of 
 lore, having carried thither 
 
 K> fouls. The Governor, 
 
 5, Efqj had failed from. Yari- 
 trabclla» on board whitb, lie 
 iemen ftgned a paper, where- 
 in 
 
 NEW-ENGLAND. 
 
 43 
 
 in they difclaimed any intention of fcparat- 
 ing from the church of England, and de- 
 clared their defign to be a fcceflion m point 
 of place only, not of do^rine or worOiip. 
 But are the doftrine and woi lliip of the Inde- 
 tindent church, which thofe gentlemen af- 
 terwards fozealoufly maintained m America, 
 the doftrine and worlhip of the Church of 
 England? How grofs, then, their diflimula- 
 
 tion! . !. 
 
 The above general embarkation (who, 
 on landing in New-England, were obliged, 
 for want of provifions, to fct all their fcr- 
 vants, to the number of 180, at liberty, to 
 (hift for themfelves, though they had coft 
 them from 16 to 20I. fterling each) fpread 
 themfelves along the coafts of the MalTa. 
 chufets-bay, and were the founders of moft 
 of the towns now upon it v and among the 
 reft (by diredion of the Governor) of the 
 townofBofton*, which has fince become 
 
 the 
 
 • Said to be fo named from refpeft to the celebrated 
 Mr. Cotton, miniftcr of Bofton, in England, whom they 
 cxpefted to join them; which he afterwards ^d.d, and 
 was accordingly ordained teacher of the church oH Bot- 
 
44 N E W - E N G L A N D. 
 
 the capital of all New-England. As the 
 winter approached, Diftrefs ftared them in 
 the face. Before December they loft 200 
 of their number, through the unbealthinefa 
 of the uncleared country, and the want of 
 neceflary accommodation, and many more 
 perifticd by the fevcrity of the winter. 
 
 The firft Court of Afliftants was held oa 
 the 23d of Auguft, 1631, at Charlcftown* 
 when four of them were appointed juftices 
 of the peace, which office, it was ordered,, 
 (hould be alfo exetcifed by the Governor 
 and Deputy for the time being. On the 
 ipthofOaober was held the firft General 
 Court, at which every one who was free of 
 the corporation attended perfonally. It was 
 then determined, that, in future, the free- 
 men ftiould cleft the Afliftants j and the 
 
 ton oa the 17A of Oftober^ lejJ.-The peninfula on 
 which this town iifetted, wis P'«v«oufly occup|ed by 
 one Mr. Blackftone, t clergym.n, who h^ «"'«»/'"- 
 Ser fron. EngUnd. btcaufe he did not hke the V>r^ 
 iifbtpn but he was now forced to make a fecond re- 
 moval Jy the Uris Brethren, a. be called the PunUna. 
 wbofe tyranny he found mach more intolerable. 
 
 Afliftants, 
 
GLAND. 
 
 ir-England. As the 
 ftrefs ftared them in 
 ember they loft 200 
 jgh the unheahhinefs 
 ry, and the want of 
 ion, and many more 
 y of the winter, 
 Vfliftants was held on 
 631, at Charlcftown» 
 ere appointed jufticcs 
 affice, it was ordered^ 
 ifed by the Governor 
 time being. On the 
 held the firft General 
 yone who was free of 
 ied perfonally. It was 
 It, in future, the free- 
 le AfliftantSi and the 
 
 er^ 1633 —The peninfola on 
 was previoufljr occupied bf 
 rgyintn, who had retired thi- 
 ife he did not like the LorJs 
 forced to make a fecond re- 
 ren^ u be called the Puriunt, 
 [luch more intolerable. 
 
 AiTiftants, 
 
 NEW-ENGLAND. 45 
 
 Afliftants, from themfclvcs, the Governor 
 and his Deputy -, and that the power of 
 making laws, and appointing officers, fhould 
 be vefted in the court of Affiftants j-which 
 was inconfiftent with their charter. No lefs 
 than 109 freemen were now admitted, a- 
 mong whom were many who did not belong 
 to any of their churches, which were now 
 increafing apace. ^ 1 ei- 
 
 But at the General Court of eleftion, rn 
 ,6? I, notwithftanding the former vote, the 
 freemen themfelves refolved to chufc the 
 Governor, Deputy, and Affiftan.s ; and or- 
 dered that none flio-iu hereafter be adni.t- 
 ted to the freedom of bdy politic, but 
 fuch as were aftually c - ' men)bers. 
 
 In 1631. 1632, and r633> frefh emigrants 
 embarked for Ne w- Engl and -. fome with 
 commercial views, and many to avoid the 
 rigour of the ecclcfiaftical courts ; in the laft 
 year particularly, (hips were fa.lmg thither 
 all fummcr, 1 2 or 14 in a month : rnean- 
 while, diffenfions were found to multiply 
 with their numbers; fo that, in order ta 
 prevent the fpreading of the " confofion 
 
r . 
 
 46 N E W - E N G L A N D. 
 
 '* and di(lra£\ion already grown there," 
 efpecially in regard to religion, an order of 
 the King in Council was ifliied on the 21 ft 
 of February, 1633, to put a ftop to further 
 emigrations during pleafure*. 
 
 At a General Court for eledlions in 1 634, 
 twenty-four of the principal inhabitants ap- 
 peared as the re^refentativcs of the body of 
 freemen ;' a neceflary alteration on account 
 of their great increafe, though not warranted 
 by their charter ; when, among other fimiiar 
 regulations, it was refolved, " That none 
 ** but the General Court had power to 
 ** make and cftablifti laws, or to eledl and 
 " appoint officers, to raife monies and 
 
 * ArehWfhop L«ud h faul to haU been the tdviCtt of 
 this prodiiinfition, which qiay be prefuniied to have 
 proved fatallioth td himfdf and his, royal nwfter, if it 
 be true, as is pretended, that Oliver Cromwell, Sir Mat- 
 thew Boynton, Mr, Hampden, and other (launch and 
 ttOlve eacouragers of the coloniieing Puritaas, were 
 thereby prevented i'rotu joiinng thein. afur being aftuaily 
 on /hip-board for that purpofej that id humour thus re- 
 coiling 'tipon the royalffts at homfe,' wWch otfaerwife 
 ' wauld have vented itfelf abroad. INemthelefe, the na« 
 tiunal difcord ihcn pre^'ailing foon rendered the piohi- 
 bition of little etfc£t. 
 
 " taxes. 
 
 ■yg' 
 
LAND. 
 
 ly grown there," 
 ligion, an order of 
 
 ifTued on the aiH: 
 ut a (lop to further 
 ire*. 
 
 eledlions in 1634, 
 pal inhabitants ap- 
 ivcs of rhe body of 
 eration on account 
 Dugh not warranted 
 imong other fimilar 
 ved, " That none 
 irt had power to 
 vs, or to eledt and 
 raife monies and 
 
 ha.rt been the advilef of 
 be pTefuiiiied to have 
 i hh, royal nufter, if it 
 liver Croinwell, Sir Mat- 
 •nd other ftaunch and 
 Ionizing Puritaas, were 
 Jieju, %tbit being afluaily 
 that id humour thus re- 
 howii!, Whidi ptberwife 
 I. !NeMcrthele6, the na> 
 foon rendersd the pioht- 
 
 " taxes, 
 
 NEVV. ENGL AND. 47 
 
 " taxes, or to difpofe of lands j" and that 
 there ftiould be four General Courts an- 
 nually. And this regulation of their legifla- 
 tive body, excepting the redudion of their 
 General Courts to two only . 1 one year, 
 ''°'!^i']"nncf!" ^''^ diflToIution of their charter! 
 
 *rhc colony of Brownifts, whom we be- 
 fore mentioned as having leated themfelves 
 at New Plymouth, loft fifty of their company 
 the firft winter by fevers and fcorbutic dif- 
 ordcrsi neverthelefs, they perfcvered in 
 their fcttlcment with the utmoft fortitude, 
 dividing themfelves into nineteen houlholds 
 or ipeflcs, and for the firft two or thrc^ 
 years having everjrthmg in -com nipn. They 
 were at times joined b^ iurw^^omcrs, yet 
 butlllowly, their whole niimber, in 1624, 
 amounting to no more than 180 perfons, in 
 32 hoaftiolds. In this year, being ft ill 
 without apy authoritative title to thecouwrv 
 tHty pWa, m. ^i-iidfbrcr;:t!ierr Govemo;?^ 
 obiarh^ igraht frotn ihe>cw Council of 
 Plyftibtith, which, afterwards, he generouriy 
 made over to the freemen in genera] for their 
 
 encouragement j 
 
 «,'m I i j-m iy^^iMiiii*Ja<iMMi 
 
 1- -. - -j< - 
 
 ■ m ii n liiia j'i 
 
 IF 
 
48 NEW- ENGL AND. 
 
 encouragement; and this afligninent was 
 confirmed by a new grant from the above- 
 mentioned Council, in January, 1629-30. 
 
 As they increafed in numbers, they form- 
 ed their cburcbts after a manner now well 
 known by the term Independent^ which the 
 firft fettlcrs in Maflachufets-bay copied after. 
 For a confiderable time, however, their ec- 
 clefiaftical eftablifhmcnts were but in a tot- 
 tering condition, no miniftcrs of their o,wn 
 fed having joined them, and, through their 
 want of confidence even in the Ptfn/a« cler- 
 gy, the facerdotal duties being performed 
 by laymen, the chief of whom was Mr. 
 "William Brewfter, who had formerly been 
 in an honourable employment under Wil- 
 liam Divifoh, Efqj Secretary of State to 
 Qtteeh Elizabeth, but afterwards had aflTo- 
 ciated himfclf with Mr. Robinfon's congre- 
 gation of Brownifts at Lcyden, where he 
 became an elder. He went ovtr wjth the 
 ftrft' Embarkation to America^ an*) Mr. Ro" 
 binfon was to have follbwcci wi^H, the re- 
 mathder of the flock y \^^x \\<^^^A^^J^}^,Vltt 
 
 in Holland. 
 
 In 
 
 fei 
 de^ 
 th 
 p!, 
 m 
 Ki 
 th^ 
 be 
 th 
 all 
 m 
 wl 
 ell 
 th 
 pi 
 
 CO 
 
 <K 
 
 m 
 rii 
 be 
 D 
 
 Sa 
 ha 
 
 ,.,Jt£&i:^ 
 
 L 
 
3 LAND. 
 
 his anigninent was 
 int from the above- 
 [amiary, 1629-30. 
 lumbers, they form- 
 a manner now well 
 dependenty which the 
 fets-bay copied after. 
 , however, their ec- 
 ts were but in a tot- 
 inifters of their o,wn 
 I, and, through their 
 nin the Ptfr//a» cjer- 
 es being performed 
 of whom was Mr. 
 » had formerly been 
 byment under Wil- 
 ecrctary of State to 
 afterwards had aflb- 
 r. Robinfon's congre- 
 i Lcyden, where he 
 went ovtr with the 
 nerica^ an4Mr. Rb- 
 3lIowe4 wi^hithb re- 
 
 In 
 
 N E W . E N G L A N D. 49 
 
 In compliment to the MafTachufets-bny 
 fettlers for taking the hint of tlieir Indrpen* 
 dent mode of cbiirch cftabliJhment from 
 them, the Plymotheans fallowed the exam- 
 p'e of the former in their juridical oecpno- 
 my, (though, having no charter from the 
 King, they were utterly deftitute of any au- 
 thority for To doing, unlefs the agreen^icnc 
 be thought fuch which was entered into by 
 them at their Brft landing at Cape Cod, as 
 already mentioned), and in criminal cafes 
 manifefted the fame intolerance of fpirir, 
 which (as. will hereafter more fully appear) 
 charaiS\erirtd the Puritans their neighbours, 
 than whom, however, it muft in juftice be 
 pbfcrved, they paid more leg^rd to the 
 common law of their mother country in 
 ciyi}imatt,er;S. 
 
 The growith of die colotvy of New- Ply- 
 mouth was by no means (b rapid as thdt of 
 die Maflachufets bay colony \ neverthelefs, 
 before the year J 643, they had ftwled 
 Duiebury, Scituate, Taunton, Rehpbotb, 
 Sandwichv Bacnfbiple, Yarihouth, and Eaft' 
 hatin<-' ;■. •■ ,•> ;: - i ■> 
 
 • C Amongft 
 
 
50 NEW-ENGLAND. 
 
 Amongft the many adventurers we have 
 already mentioned to have tranfported 
 themfelves to America within the years 
 1 631, 1632, and 1^33, were* the Rev. 
 Mr. John Elliot, the apoftle of the Indiana 
 (into whofe language he tranflated the Bible, 
 and teveral pioiia works), and three leading 
 Puritan divines, Mr. John €6ttDn, Mrj 
 Thomas Hbokerj and Mr. Samuel Stone; 
 So much w.ifdom and orthodoxy, one (hould 
 think, would have r^ored peace to their 
 reli^ous and civil eftablifhments « but the 
 reverlV was the confequence, and the con- 
 fufion and diftraAion complained of in tho 
 King's proclamation became nnore and 
 more prevaleiit The Puritans, in general, 
 were remarkable for ftubbornnefs of opi" 
 nion t fo that on any controv«ify.'arifirtgr 
 «ac6 party maintained llis^ownwitb sn en- 
 ihufiaftn (carcely warrantable by infiiUbiltty! 
 itftttf i and hence arofe perfecutkin, wtthouti 
 meafure and without end. 
 
 In Ae year 1634, the Rev. Mr. Roger 
 WtUidina> ,fbimfter of ^lem,. iraa accuM 
 of propagating divers heterodox teoctti 
 
 ' • which 
 
 w 
 it 
 k 
 tt 
 w 
 oi 
 sue 
 
 l« 
 
 or 
 d< 
 
 w! 
 fu 
 lia 
 ve 
 
 P« 
 wJ 
 an 
 ab 
 r© 
 
 M 
 di| 
 ro 
 m 
 
 (.;«?*' 
 
LAND; 
 
 venturers we have 
 have tranfported 
 within the years 
 , were» the Rev. 
 ftle of the Indians 
 ranflated the Bible, 
 and three leading 
 bhn Cbtton, Mri 
 4f. Samuel Scone; 
 lodoxy, one (houid 
 red peace to their 
 (hmentst but the 
 nee, and the con- 
 nplained of in tho 
 ecame more and 
 uritansf in general, 
 iibborrnicfs of opi" 
 ontrovtfffy, arifing^ 
 is^ownWirb an en- 
 able ^ infallibiltty! 
 Br(«ctuaoh» wi^oue 
 
 I 
 
 ; Rev. Mr. Roger 
 
 ^lem,^ ivaa acd^ 
 
 heterodox teoettii 
 
 • whi^h 
 
 NEW-ENGLAND. 51 
 
 which it would be tedious tofpecifyt fuflfice 
 it to fay, therefore, that he was declared a 
 fchifmaric and heretic, add banifhcd from 
 the MalTachufeta-bay colony. His devotees, 
 whofe feniimcnu were not affedted by thofe 
 of his accufers and judges, determined to 
 accompany him ; whereupon Mr. Williams 1 
 leading them to the (buth^ard, tliey fixed 
 on a fpot and built a town^ calling it Provi- 
 deece, and thus became the founders of 
 what is calkd Providence Plantation. Cen- 
 furable as he might be as a divine^ Mr. Wil- 
 liams ia faid to have, made a gop^ civil go- 
 vernor; torfatve bejca veiy inftr^uental in 
 piocuring the charter of tUiode^Hland, to 
 which his plantation was thereby annexed ; 
 and^. by bia upright; conduct duving an 
 ahodsoflCdrty years imthoTepaits^ to have 
 recov«re^;hirTeputa(ion even) among bis 
 perfiicutora. 
 
 Thefetckcs intbe country borderingVon 
 Maflacbttfcts*hay, begimring^ bylheirrpro^ 
 digidus ifia'cafe, to be ffr«tt«iMd fbr^wrat of 
 roomy a party of about a hnndredlpferfonft, 
 witii the Rev. Mr. Hooker at their heitfl, fct 
 ' C a off. 
 
r 
 
 5ft NEW-ENGLAND. 
 
 off, in 1635, on foot for the country of 
 ConncAicut, of which they had received a 
 very favourable account ; and after a very 
 laborious journey through wilJernefles for 
 near a fortnight, arrived on the banks pf 
 the Conncfticut mer, where they bull* a 
 town to which they gave the name of He > 
 ford \ and other companies reforting thither 
 alfo, laid the foundations of Windfor, Wea- 
 thersfield, and Springfield. They had taken 
 with them an authority from the colony of 
 MaflachufetS'bay to ercft a government xa 
 ConneAicut ; but conceiving that they were 
 out df the limits of the Maffachufets jurif- 
 diition, they refolved tbemfelves into a 
 dillind *»dy-politic, yet ftiuch upon the 
 plan of the* Maffacbufets, both as to civil 
 and ^ccleCafliciil affairs, the moft rerawk- 
 ftble diflfer«oce betwee:. them betog their 
 not infifting on memberlhip of their 
 dJiUrqhes »s an abfolutely neceflaty qualifi- 
 cition to adihittance to freedotn, or hold- 
 ing offices^ taraong(l them. They chofc 
 Edward Hopkins, Efqj their firft Cover- 
 nor. ^.' 
 
 b 
 h 
 h 
 ,0 
 d 
 V 
 n 
 & 
 
 P 
 c 
 
 c 
 
 \ 
 
 tl 
 
 £ 
 t 
 
LAND. 
 
 the country of 
 ey had received a 
 
 and after a very 
 1 wilJernefles for 
 
 on the banks pf 
 leve they buil' a 
 he name of He. > 
 it retorting thither 
 ofWindfor, Wea- 
 They had taken 
 rom the colony of 
 Va gsovernmenc in 
 ring thai they were 
 Maflachufets jurif- 
 themfelves into a 
 rt fhuch upon the 
 ), both fls to civil 
 
 the moft rerairk- 
 
 them bciiig their 
 nberfhip of their 
 y neceirary qualifi- 
 
 freedom, or hold- 
 »em.. They chofc 
 
 their firft Gover- 
 
 But 
 
 NEW-ENGLAMD. 
 
 Si 
 
 But a fettlement in Connedlicut had alfo 
 been planned by the mal contents in Eng- 
 land. TIk Narraganfet country is faid to 
 have been granted by Charles I. to the Earl 
 ,af War.wick in idja, and by hin> afterwards 
 difpofed of to the Lords Say and Selc,.Brook, 
 Rich, Sir NJathaniel Richy and Charles Fien- 
 nes, John Pym, and John Hampden, Efqrs. 
 Src. who, are fuf^ofedsto have made this 
 purchafe with an intent of fecuring a plaice 
 of retreat, in- cafe they fhould fail in the ac- 
 complifhment of their lefigns at home. 
 Hence it happened, that m the fame year 
 tlrat the firit fettlers in Connecticut ■emi- 
 grated from Maflachufets-bay, Mr. Win- 
 throp, jun. arrived there from England on 
 the (ame de%n, whh a number of men» 
 arms, ammunition, (lores, zoool. in mo* 
 ney, and other requifites for eftablifhing a 
 colony, of which, by a cothmiflion from the 
 above-mentioned nobles and^gentiemeii; he 
 was appointed Governor } and they accord- 
 ingly tiegan their fettlement by building a 
 fort at the mouth of Connecticut river, which 
 they called Siy-brook. Here now appeared 
 
 C 3 a fort 
 
54 NEW-ENGLAND. 
 
 a fort of cUlhing between hii defign and 
 that of the colonizers from MaflaChufct*- 
 bay» however, for the f-kc of union, and. 
 the gc«cr»i profperity. Mr. Winthrop and 
 his company fttffered the oiheri to proceed , 
 without mo!<ft»tion 
 
 By this linnc fcttleroenti had fprong op >» 
 the diftria of Ne«.Hamp(hire, «nd that 
 fbrmetly called theiiProvtnce of Main, by 
 the vigorooi cflibru of Opt. John Mafon, 
 andSirFerdinando»C3orgeai but which m 
 time woo claimed by theMiffachuCBtt co- 
 tony*. ^, 
 
 Ued only piwl«J«V«>«» •• A |miit obirifl«d ^. M>- 
 
 fon. .a liS -^ «*»•*«>• ^••r****!!r'*"^!^ 
 cauqoa riVf^, « th' l^' "««>» T^'T ^ 
 Hain^fliire» tod i^H<iJi hi m fee mtrfy wdnf ouitd, 
 and ftt:l tontimiwl <« ii>*«w<»or, lo r«tll»j^ « ffWt 
 caipeDce^btit whhmit iiktiMHe fmctft^ liiRHWieh^i 
 ia the yttr i6m, he fcciw lo h»w been w«^<^M 
 undertaking » for. though at a refigBation of the^Soun- 
 cil's patent loChatleO. in that year, this very grant^a 
 *^ relerved 
 
 re 
 ei 
 
 r 
 
 ol 
 ai 
 hi 
 ic 
 
 C( 
 
 di 
 B 
 
 H 
 
 di 
 yi 
 m 
 tl 
 h 
 A 
 n 
 ai 
 h 
 
 e 
 
 
 
ILAND. 
 
 ren hii deHgn and 
 from Maflathurets- 
 fake of union, and. 
 Mf . Winthrop and 
 le oihcri to pcocccd , 
 
 nti had fprnng «P >» 
 impftiire, «nd that 
 vince of Main, by 
 Capt. John Mafen, 
 rgeii hM which m 
 the Maflachilfista co- 
 
 At 
 
 iMuhbttwcm tka rWcn 
 idpdbdsiMfSnniiiiMt 
 ttfPlyffiMUbMdivcnpap* 
 M«a».«iM>f|Mr«datithcr 
 twiiag pwfultt. Bt« wt 
 . AfwitoMiMdlqr.Mi- 
 iiwMAMMimKkMfinrv 
 I vkich etpiWww Nw- 
 bia ferimrfy tadnvourtd* 
 Mir» to ftttl** tt a fPNt 
 iM fuccali-i InibaNieh-iftflt; 
 
 > have 'htftt vmiff fW^^ 
 
 a rengmtioa of lke-€onn-* 
 
 At year, this very granr^m* 
 
 referved 
 
 NEW-ENGLAND. 
 
 55 
 
 .!| 
 
 Aa the profectttion of the Puritans in- 
 crcaTed in the mother country, they fled to 
 
 America 
 
 referved to KlAfon, kdoet notappecr that be afterwards 
 nMRtd ktinfiilf t»coatpl«at Us rettleinent,<->2. A patent 
 granted in 1639 to Sir f crdinandoiGorges, with power* 
 of jorirdiAioOt of the lands between the rivers Pifcataqua 
 and Kennebelt, by the natae of the Province of Main : 
 here be had long before bcftowed^ and %vi» continuing 
 10 bcftow bis numiy landhJioiir to lettle and eftablifh a 
 coloiiy op a ceQieiUbia fontiagr vihtn bis aileation wu 
 diverted t» the civil war in En|laiid, in which he en- 
 ga)Sed on die Ade of the royiliffi^ 
 
 The MaSachafets. having friced ihe tiverMerrhnack 
 to its bead^ oe Mrtbetimioft ipatl^ ifeund. that a lino 
 drawn eaftwttd ftom '* three miles north" of it, (fuch 
 was the idiea entertained by them of ettending Aeir 
 north bonndat2*line,) would ittftode within their granft 
 the:tetrito(Wlrtla«<<Ha«piiirr|iadMMi|«nd the in^ 
 habitants of 4lw fofmoF, fronibeir^owii iaabiliQr to pte- 
 ferve oideaotfOAgft lbcinrelves,nMJciiif overfureaof fub> 
 nifflion tethejur!nii(^OBoftheMi^acbufets-bay, were 
 anncaed to that cobi^ In i64if aa^ allowed the privi* 
 lege of fimdiof Hii»dapiitiei to thtf Oeaeml Ckmrt. —-^ 
 Main being in a manner forftken by Gorget in the civil 
 war, his authajrity decUned, and the people fell into coa- 
 fuGon i (tf lihlcb the Msfathdfafk takthg ndvMntage^ 
 enc^nragtd'Afe cfifpofition wbkb^ prevailed in muuibtrs 
 ofiii|M»ii»anin with their cdoityi and neit year that 
 pronmt was made a county, fubjcA to theMaflacbufets 
 government, by the name of Torli(lure« and bad Uberty 
 C 4 , to 
 
56 N E W - E N G L A N D. 
 
 America for fhelter, and many added 
 themfelves to the colony at Maffiicliufets- 
 bay in 1635, and among them Henry Vane, 
 Efqi (afterwards Sir Henry,) who was re- 
 ceived with great cordiality, and admitted 
 to the freedom of the community. This 
 induced him to lay afide a defign he had 
 formed of fettling a plantation in Con- 
 nedticut, and to remain irv Maflachufets- 
 bay, of which he was the next year chofen 
 Governor. And now arofe a religious dif- 
 pute, which threatened to involve the co- 
 lony in a civil war. Mrs. Hutchinfon, a 
 fanatic woman, who had formerly lived at 
 Arford, near Bofton, in England, and had 
 gone over to America about the year r633, 
 obferving that the men met frequently at 
 Bofton (befides the public ftated -times), to 
 exercife themfelves in religious matters, 
 took it into her head that there ought to be 
 
 to fend deputies to the General Court ; the inhabitants 
 being, moreover, allowecl the peculiar privilege of be- 
 coming freemen on taking the ufual oath, without fub- 
 niitting to the condition of church- memberfhip, fo ri- 
 gidly exafted from otheis. 
 
 meetings 
 
N E W - E N G L A N D. 
 
 • N G L A N D. 
 
 ter, and many added 
 colony at Maffiicliuffts- 
 mong them Henry Vane, 
 ir Henry,) who was rc- 
 cordiality, and admitted 
 the community. This 
 / afide a defign he had 
 g a plantation in Con- 
 remain in Maflathufets- 
 was the next year chofen 
 now arofe a religious dif- 
 tcncd to involve the co- 
 ar. Mrs. Hutchinfon, a 
 rho had formerly lived at 
 on, in England, and had 
 rica about the year 1^3 3» 
 e men met frequently at 
 le public ftated -times), to 
 es in religious matters, 
 ead that there ought to be 
 
 ; General Court; the inhabitants 
 wecl the peculiar priviligc of bc- 
 king the ufual oath, withoirt fub- 
 an of church- membctfliip, fo ri- 
 
 meetings 
 
 57 
 
 
 meetings of the women alfo, which (Tie ac- 
 cordingly affeinbled at her houfe, where fine 
 enlarged upon the fermons of her admired 
 teacher Mr. Cotton, broached a variety of 
 prepofterous notidfts, and diftinguidied the 
 churches into two clalTes, charaderizing the 
 one (which flie efpoufed) as under a covenant 
 of grace J the other as under a covenant of 
 •works. Hence high difputes took place among 
 all ranks of people, fome countenancing, 
 others condennning her dodrines.; .The 
 Governor betrayed (Irong indications in fa- 
 vour of them, whilft they were equally the 
 objedsof the Deputy-Governor's (Mr. Win- 
 throp's) oppofition : nay, they were occa- 
 fionally explained with fuch fubtlety, as to 
 caufe a difference of femiments among the 
 miniftry themfelves. On thisoccafion, tlie 
 Governor, though warmly fupported by tlic 
 people of Bofton, loft his popularity in (^tiier 
 parts of the country ; infomuch that, at the 
 next eledioni he was fupplanted in his of- 
 fice by Mr. Winthrop. Mr. Vane, ill brook- 
 ing thii giortifying event, returned to Eng- 
 land, where he had no fmall fliare in fonjent- 
 C 5 i"g 
 
 % 
 
. »!Oc;W" 
 
 58 N E W - E N G I. A N D. 
 
 ing the troubles that enfued, for which, at 
 length, the axe put an end to his lite. 
 
 Mrs. Hutchinfon, regardlefs of the mif- 
 chiev'ous tendency of her condud, pcrfifted 
 in the propagation of hir tenets; fo that it 
 was found neceflary to hold a fynod to take 
 cognizance of them ; and after a difputat.on 
 of three weeks continuance, upwards ot 
 eighty rehgious dogmas, which were faid to 
 be maintained by fome or other of the peo- 
 pie, were condemned as erroneous. This 
 determination made way for the interference 
 of the fecular power, and accordingly Mrs 
 Hutchinfon was put on her trial, of which 
 the following fentence was the refult : " Mrs. 
 - Hutchinfon, the wife of Mr. William 
 " Hutchinfon, being convcnted for traducc- 
 " inathe minifters and their miniftry m the 
 »* country, (he declared voluntarily her rw 
 " lations, and that (he (hould be dehvcftd, 
 " and the court ruined with their pofterity. 
 .♦ and thereupon was baniftied -, and in the 
 <» mean while was committed to Mr. Jofeph 
 «' Weld (of Roxbury) until thccQiirtihould 
 ** difpofe of her.". ^^^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 R 
 
 ft 
 in 
 tc 
 w 
 A 
 c< 
 
 Pi 
 w 
 
 ai 
 
 b 
 
 (h 
 
 fc 
 
 n 
 
 » 
 
 b< 
 
 n( 
 
 C 
 
 tl: 
 
 ft 
 
 If 
 
 loi 
 
} L A N O. 
 
 ifued, for which, at 
 :nd to his life, 
 gardlefs of the mif- 
 cr conduft, pcrfifted 
 hir tenets ; fo that it 
 hold a fynod to take 
 nd after a difpuiatioti 
 nuance, upwards of 
 5, wbtch were faid to 
 e or ©ther of the peo- 
 as erroneous. This 
 ay for the interference 
 and accordingly Mrs. 
 m her trial, of which 
 wastherefult: "Mrs. 
 tife of Mr. William 
 convcnted for traduce- 
 d their miniftry in the 
 sd voluntarily her reve- 
 le (hould be deliveffed, 
 ;d with their pofterity, 
 sbaniftied; and in the 
 immiitcd to Mr. Jofeph 
 ^) until the coiirtlhould 
 
 NEW-ENGLAND. 
 
 59 
 
 One of the mod avowed defenders of 
 Mrs. Hutchinfon and her dodlrines was the 
 Rev. Mr. Wheelwright, who, being alfo 
 fcntenced to banilhment, led his followers 
 into New Hampfliire, where he founded the 
 town and church of Exeter, removing after- 
 wards to Hampton, and thence to Salifbury. 
 And as the Boftonians, in particular, had dif- 
 covered an attachment to the (ame religious 
 principles, fixty of the mod forward of them 
 were obliged to furrender up their arms,, 
 and a law was pafTed to punifh any perfon 
 by fine, imprifonment, or baniHiment, who< 
 fliould traduce any court, or any of their 
 fcntcnces. This occafioned ♦'^2 feceflioiiof 
 numbers out of the colony, mod of whom». 
 as alfo Mrs. Hutchinfon and her hulband,. 
 betook themfelves to the ifland of Aquet- 
 neck, which Mr. Hutchinfon, Mr. William' 
 Coddington, and other?, jointly purchafedof 
 the natives for lefs than the value of 50 L 
 fterling, and changed its narne to Rhode- 
 Illand •. The refugees here, as elfewhere, 
 
 refblved; 
 
 * By the art and influence of Sis wife, Mr. Huicliin- 
 fon became ciiief ruler there ; nevertbelefs, after his 
 
 deathi. 
 
6o N E W - E N G L A N D. 
 
 rcfolved themfelves by their own, Tor want 
 of a better authority, into a body pr 'itic, al- 
 lowing liberty of confcicnce to people of all 
 perfuafionsj and, through this indulgence, 
 the ifland foon becoming overflocfced with 
 people fome of them purchafed, from the co- 
 lony of New Plymouth, a tradt of land orT 
 the oppofite part of the continent^ and there 
 built the town of Warwick. 
 
 During the intcftine troubles above-men- 
 tioned, happened the firft fray between the 
 colonifts and the Indians ; a tribe of whom, 
 called Pequods, inhabiting the Coiinefticut 
 country, had, as long ago as the year 1634,- 
 attacked and murdered Captains Stone and 
 Norton, with all their crew, on their failing 
 in a fmall velFel up Connedicut river, and, 
 lately had renewed their hoftilides from a 
 jealoufy of the new fettlers in thofe parts ; 
 but the New-Englanders, being joined by 
 
 (^cath in td42, Mrs. Hutchinfun, having taken fome of- 
 fijiice, tci'.ioveii to the Dutch colony beyond Newha- 
 ven ; and the. next year, flie and all her family i, amount- 
 ing to 16 perfon.s, were murdered by Indians, excepting 
 one daughter, whom they carried away captive. 
 
 the 
 
LAND. 
 
 heir own, for want 
 )a body pr 'itic, al- 
 ice to people of all 
 ;h this indulgence, 
 ; overftocfced with 
 haled, from the co- 
 a traft of land otT 
 ontinent^ and there 
 :k. 
 
 oubies above-men- 
 (l fray between the 
 ; a tribe of whom, 
 ig the Conned\icut 
 3 as the year 1634,- 
 Captains Stone and 
 rew, on their failing 
 nedicut river, and, 
 ir hoftilities from a 
 ers in thofe parts ; 
 rs, being joined by 
 
 1, having taken fome of- 
 colony beyond Newha- 
 i all her familyn amount- 
 ed by Indians, excepting 
 ed away captive. 
 
 the 
 
 N E W - E N G L A N D. 
 
 61 
 
 the Narraganfet Indians, who were at high 
 enmity with the Ptquods, in efFed extirpat- 
 ed that patriotic tribe, with the lofs only of 
 three men killed : many, however, were 
 wounded. 
 
 In the year 1637, arrived in New-En- 
 gland, MefT Eaton and Hopkins, two Lon- 
 don merchants, and the Rev. Mr. Daven- 
 port, formerly minifter of a church in Cole- 
 man-ftrcet, and many other perfons of good 
 condition. The moft delegable fpots of 
 Maflachufei's bay being already occupied, 
 and information having been given tholi? ad- 
 venturers of a large bay, commodious for 
 trade to the fouth weft of Connedicut river, 
 they purchafed of the natives all the land 
 lyingfbetwecn that and Hudlbn's river, and 
 with a number of followers removed thither, 
 and built the town called Newhaven j thus 
 laying the foundation of a flourifliing colo- 
 ny, which became known by the denomina- 
 on of the colony of Newhaven. They alfo 
 made fettlcments in Long-Ifland,- Having 
 no charter, they, as the Connecticut fcttlers 
 had done beforjEi thehi, took the liberty of 
 , ■ forming 
 
62 NEW-ENGLAND. 
 
 forming ihemfelves into an aflbciation, to be 
 regulated by laws of their own making, and 
 fet Mr. Thcophilus Eaton at their head as 
 Governor. — Mr. Hopkins, however, went to 
 Connecticut. 
 
 The lofs of inhabitants by the emigrations 
 which the late religious frenzy had occafion- 
 ed from Maflachulct's-bay was compenfated 
 in 1638, by the arrival of 3000 fettlers^ 
 chiefly Puritans, in 20 fliips, from England, 
 where the meafure of trouble was then filling 
 apace. *Tis fomewhat remarkable, that a 
 fpirit of religious intolerance, which drove 
 them from the one country, fliould have 
 made room for them in the other. 
 
 In the fame year happened a violent 
 earthquake in New-England, long re(fegni- 
 zed as an aera to compute from by the peo- 
 ple. 
 
 This year is memorable alfo for the death 
 ©f ihe Rev. Mr. John Harvard, minifter of 
 Chaileftown, who bequeathed near 800 1. 
 towards founding a college ; and the colony 
 having previoufly advanced 400 1. towards 
 the fame purpofe, a building ^as tereifled, 
 
 and. 
 
 cor 
 
 I7< 
 
 tov 
 
 Gr 
 
 Ge 
 
 ftei 
 
 in 
 
 wo 
 
 to 
 
; L A N D. 
 
 an aflbciation, to be 
 ir own making, and 
 on at their head as 
 ]s, however, went to 
 
 s by the eniigrations 
 Frenzy had occafion- 
 >ay was compenfated 
 al of 3000 iettlera, 
 hips, from England, 
 )uble was then filling 
 remarkable, that a 
 ranee, which drove 
 mntry, fliouid have 
 the other. 
 
 happened a violent 
 jland, long re(?bgni- 
 itc from by the peo- 
 
 ble alfo for the death 
 [harvard, minifter of 
 ueathed near 800 1. 
 lege; and the colony 
 inced 400 1. towards 
 »uildtng ^38 teretfted, 
 and. 
 
 NEW-ENGLAND. 
 
 and in honour of the greateft contributor to 
 it called Harvard College *. 
 
 ♦ It was at firft merely an academical free-fchool (or 
 fchola Ulujhis), but in 1650 was incorporated by the 
 government of Ak-flachulcts-bay, and the name of the 
 town In which it was fituateiV was changed from New- 
 ton to Cambridge. The corporation confifts of a 
 Prefident or Reftor, five Fellows, and a Treafurer j and 
 confers the degrees of Bachelor and Mafter of Arts, 
 In 1698, another building was added, called Stoughton 
 Hall,fiom the name of Its founder i and a chapel has 
 alfo been eredled at the expence of Mrs. Holden. — At 
 the head of a lid of charitable benefaflors to the col- 
 lege (lands the fcmily of Mollis. Mr. Thomas Hollis, 
 of London, who died In 1751, founded two profefTor- 
 fliips, one of divinity, the other of mathematics and 
 natural philofophy, and furniflied ati apparatus for 
 making experiments. He alfo contributed largely 
 to the library, which, by other donations, at l'»'"*h 
 confifted of 5 or 6000 volumes, but which, together 
 with the apparatus, and the whole of the college that 
 contained the fame, were confumed by fire in January 
 1764. Very generous piefents have fince been made 
 towards a new library, particularly by Mr. Hollis, of 
 Gray's-inn. To a new college bu^lt in 1763, by the 
 General Court, at an expence of between 4 and 5000 1, 
 fterling, has been appropriated the name of Hollis-Hall, 
 in grateful remembrance of the benefaftions of this 
 worthy family. The next confiderable benefaftor feems 
 to have been Thomas Hancock, Efqs late of Boilon, 
 
 deceafed, 
 
64 NEW-ENGLAND. 
 
 It cannot but ftrike the reader, tlut, as 
 the opprelHon of the nonconforniifU in Eng- 
 land gave birth to the fiift fettlements in 
 New-England, To a perfeverance in that con- 
 dud proved the chief, though undefigned, 
 mf '\ns of their aftoniflii'ng growth. A con- 
 tinued accefllon of refugees had, within the 
 fpace of twenty years only, advanced them, 
 in refpedl of population, to a (late of inde- 
 pendence : for by the year 1640*, upwards 
 of 21,200 fouls had emigrated thither +, 
 and fince that time a greater number of pcr- 
 fons have removed from, than to thit coun- 
 try- 
 
 deccafed, who gave joool. fteriing toward, founding a 
 profeffafhiplor tlieorkinil languages; and it mull be 
 obferved of Mr. John Hancock, his exocmor, that beiug 
 informed of the toantoi's intention to have given <;00 I. 
 more towards the library, he honourably contributed 
 that fum for the fame puipofe. 
 
 ♦ The country bordering on the MiffachufetVbav was 
 really over-peopled at that tiire ; for many of the inha- 
 bitants of Lynn, in Effex county, had t»"^» '"'T-U V^I 
 want df room, to Long Iflnnd, ^yhere they bu.lt the 
 tov»n of Southampton, and. by advice of the Governor 
 of the Mairachufets-bay colony, erefted themfelves into 
 a diftinft government. The whole iOand however, was 
 cfte'rwards annexed to the Province of New Yo.k. 
 
 t The expence then incuitcd (that of fettling in- 
 cluded) was fuppofed to be not lefs than ijz.oopl. 
 
 fctt 
 nie! 
 
 ter 
 
GLAND. 
 
 the reader, that, as 
 nconforniilU in Eng- 
 ; fiift fettlements in 
 everance in that con- 
 though undefjgned, 
 ing growth. A con- 
 igees had, within the 
 nly, advanced them, 
 n, to a (late of inde- 
 year 1640*, upwards 
 emigrated thither +, 
 reater number of per- 
 n, than to thit coun- 
 
 (Veriing toward* founding a 
 languages! and it muft be 
 r/t, his executor, that being 
 tention to have given cjoo l. 
 le honourably contributed 
 ife. 
 
 n the MnfTachufet's-baywas 
 iire } for many of theinha- 
 inty, had then removed, for 
 ind, where they built the 
 by advice of the Governor 
 jiiy, erefted themfelves into 
 ; whole ifland however, was 
 rovJnce of New Yoik. 
 :uited (that of fettling in- 
 not lefs than 192,0001. 
 
 Indeed, 
 
 NEW-ENGLAND. 
 
 65 
 
 Indeed, New-England feems to have been 
 fettled in a very critical period. The colo- 
 nies no fooner arrived at the degree of prof- 
 perity jud mentioned, than the original 
 great ftimulus to refort to them ceafed, by 
 the difcontent in England ripening into an 
 (Spcn rupture between the king and parlia- 
 ment. Nay whether from motives of re- 
 venge, or from the hopes, in an alteration 
 of date-affairs, of (haring the good things 
 from which they had been excluded, many 
 of the principal people, both clergy and 
 laity, returned to the mother-country, and 
 joined their now afcendant party. Among 
 them were, Edward Winflow, and Edward 
 Hopkins, Efqrsj Mr. George (afterwards Sir 
 George) Downing; and the following Reve- 
 rends, viz. MelT, Wm. Hook, Sam. Mather, 
 Sam. Eaton. John Knowles, Thos. Allen, 
 John and Benjamin Woodbridge, Robert 
 
 Peck, Blinman, Saxton, Giles 
 
 Firmin, Henry Whitfield, Henry Butler, 
 Farm worth, and the famous Hugh Pe- 
 ters :— all or moft of whom obtained, under 
 
 Cromwell's 
 
 • ■* ^ 
 
 '^n 
 
66 
 
 NEW-ENGLAND. 
 
 Cromweirs adminiilratiun, good employ- 
 ments and beneHcea*. 
 
 The following fketch will give the reader 
 a clear idea of the (late of New- England in 
 1642. There were 50 towns and villages, 
 40 churches, upwards of 40 mini^^era houfcs, 
 a caftle, prifons, forts, cartways, caufeway^t 
 ficc. all compleated at the people's own 
 charge. The planters had commodious 
 houfes, with gardens, orchards, corn-fields, 
 meadow and pafture ground, fenced in with 
 hedges as in England i the merchants were 
 furnifhed with warehoufes, wharfs, (hips, 
 boats, and Teamen; and tradefmen with 
 good (hops, &c. in fliort, there was every 
 where an appearance of bufinefs. 
 
 The colonies of Maflachufets-bay, New- 
 Plymouth, Connefticut; and Newhaven, 
 having now a little Iciture for reflection, 
 took into confideration the dangers to which 
 they were liable, as well from European as 
 Indian foes ; the Dutch being ellabli(hed on 
 
 • Several of thefe clergymen, together with upwards 
 of 2000 others, were deprived of their livings by the 
 BartholoHKw a£l, in 1662. 
 
 Hudfon*a 
 
 Hiidfo 
 
 in the 
 
 dians 1 
 
 loufy I 
 
 firft-m 
 
 tliey n 
 
 tual c 
 
 aftei I 
 
 lara, 
 
 Colon! 
 
 Ifland 
 
 W< 
 
 the hi 
 
 pcrfec 
 
 propa 
 
 1656. 
 
 ed, ar 
 
 jtorefl 
 
 offth 
 
 with ! 
 
 inflia 
 
 jedlin 
 
 returi 
 
 on al 
 
 the 
 
.AND. 
 
 , good employ- 
 
 II give the reader 
 
 New- England in 
 
 vna and villages, 
 
 mini(]tcra houfes, 
 
 ways, caufeway<« 
 
 lie people's own 
 
 tad comniodioua 
 
 irds, corn-fields, 
 
 d, fenced in with 
 
 merchants were 
 
 s, wharfs, (hips, 
 
 tradcfmen with 
 
 there was every 
 
 finefs. 
 
 lufets-bay, New- 
 and Newhaven, 
 •e for reflection, 
 dangers to which 
 rem European as 
 ing edabliHied on 
 
 together with upwards 
 f their livings by th» 
 
 Hudfon's 
 
 ^ 
 
 NEW-EN GLAND. 67 
 
 Hudfon's river, the French getting footing 
 in the north-eaft, and the Narraganfet In- 
 dians beginning to betray fymptoms oi jea- 
 loufy and difaffcaion. On n propofal ot the 
 firft-mentioncd colony, therefore, m 1643. 
 they readily entered into a firm and" perpe- 
 tual confederacy, offenfive and defenfive, 
 aft^r the manner of the provinces of Hol- 
 latS, ftylingthemfelvcs therein the Un.ted 
 Colonies of New-England. The Rhode- 
 Iflanders were excluded. 
 
 We pafs to the next ftriking occurrence m 
 
 the hiftnry of this country, which was ih« 
 
 perfccution of the Quakers, who began to 
 
 propagate their doftrines there m the year 
 
 ,656. Many ofthem were fined, injr^on- 
 
 ed, and whipped; which proving. neffeftua^ 
 
 jto rcftrain them, a law was made for cutifhg 
 
 off their ears, and perforating the.r tongues 
 
 with hot irons; which fevcritics alfo being 
 
 infliaed in vain, another law was made luo- 
 
 jeaing them to baniflimentg, and, m cafe ot 
 
 return, to death ; and impofing heavy fines 
 
 on all perfons who (hould bring them mto 
 
 the colony, or harbour them in ir. Ncver- 
 
 thclefs. 
 
 »: 
 
68 
 
 N E W . E N G l. A N D. 
 
 tliclcfs, the zeal of the Qiiakrrs led them to 
 return almoft as faft as they were banirtietl ; 
 and, in confeqvicncc, William Robinfon, of 
 London, merchant, Marmadukc Stcvenfon, 
 ofYorl^niirc, hufbandman, and Mary Dyer, 
 were atftually hung in the year 16591 as 
 was alfo William Ledca, a foreigner, in 
 * 1 660. And thcfc pcrfeeutions (which \yre 
 carried on in the Maflachufets-bay and 
 New-Plymouth colonics, but chiefty in ihc 
 former) did not ceafe, till they were prohi- 
 bited by an order received from Charles 11. 
 
 dated Sept. 9, i66i*. 
 
 The 
 
 • The wild emhufijfm which aftuflted moft of thefe 
 Quakers may be conceived from the following inftaiice». 
 In « paper figned by Stevenfon a little before his execu- 
 tion, he fays, " That, when he was following hit 
 •• plough, in the eaft port of Yorklhiie, in O d England, 
 •« he was in a fort of rapture, and heard a fecret voice 
 " in hisconfcience, faying, Ibav* ordained thee a prtfbet 
 •' of the nations i and in obedience to this voice he left 
 •« his fa iiily and ciiH>loymcnt, and went firft to Ba:ba- 
 •• does, in the year i^sS, and from thence to RhoJe- 
 ♦« Idand, where, as he was vifuing the feed, the word 
 «' of the Lord came to him. faying. Go to liojlon with 
 " thy brother IVilliatii Robinfon; and for yielding obedience 
 
 " to 
 
 Thcl 
 v/tll's J 
 power, 
 very rec 
 tlie oth( 
 to that ( 
 the gdd 
 on this 
 loyalty, 
 tow.udi 
 the Kir 
 nuance 
 
 •' to th'i I 
 " ing the 
 left a pap 
 piilacc at 
 " his tcf 
 " the dec 
 life no do 
 as (he wa 
 lowing a 
 " daughi 
 " believ 
 " fpirit, 
 of Grind 
 iiiiitaiion 
 hearing I 
 it. 
 
 * 
 

 :. A N D. 
 
 jkjcrs led them to 
 y were baniftied ; 
 iam Robinfon, of 
 ladukc Stcvenfon, 
 , and Mary Dyer, 
 e year 1 659 1 as 
 , a foreigner, in 
 tions (which v^re 
 achuftts-bay and 
 but chicfl'y in ihc 
 they were prohi- 
 I from Charles II. 
 
 The 
 
 afluflted moft of thefe 
 the following inftaiicei. 
 little before his execu- 
 he was following hi» 
 rklhiie, in O d England, 
 md heard a fecret voice 
 It ordaimd tbee a prophet 
 ce to this voice he left 
 nd went firft to Ba:ba- 
 from thence to RhoJe- 
 ting the feed, the word 
 ying, Go to liojlon "with 
 ud for yielding obedience 
 " to 
 
 K E W ■ E N G L A N D. 69 
 
 The Puritans of New-Englatid, onCrom- 
 v/dl's alTuming the txercife of (bvcrcign 
 power, had, as was naturally to be txixded, 
 v^ry readily acknowledged his authority •, on 
 the other hand, they as prudcruly fubmitted 
 to that of Charles II. at the Rtllonition In 
 the gddrefs of the MafTachufets bay colony 
 on this occanon, after cxprelUons of their 
 loyalty, endeavours to juftify their conduft 
 towards the Qaikers, and folicitations for 
 the King's protection of them in the conti- 
 nuance both o*" their civil and religious li- 
 
 " to thfj coinmand of the Everlivin;^ G:)d, an 1 not obey- 
 " inz the commands of men, he futT.rcd '-RoLinfon 
 left a paper of the like i.nport , and I odea told the po- 
 pulace at the gallows. •• That he fuffc cJ for b.-aring 
 " his teftimonv for the lord agalnit the dc-cc vers and 
 " the deceived'."— Deborah Wilfon (a Mcro( exem/hry 
 life no doubt) went through the ftreets of Salem, mked 
 as nie was born; for which one of ihe kt\ maJe the U,\- 
 lowing apology : " If the Lord did lllr up any of l.ia 
 " daughter? to be a ftgn of the nakednefs of otl ers, he 
 " believed it to be a great crof< to a mok-ft womm'i 
 " fpirit, but the Lord muft be obeyed."— One Faubord. 
 of fjrindleton, was on the point of factificing his (m, in 
 imitation of' the patriarch of old, but the neigliliours, 
 hearing the lad cry, broke into the loi'lCjUnd p.eveiited 
 it. 
 
 berties, 
 
r 
 
 I. -I 
 
 70 N E W - E N G L A N D. 
 
 liberties, is tfic following fingular paffage :— - 
 " We are not feditious, as to the interefts 
 " of Cafar ; nor fchifmatical, as to matters 
 " of religion. We diftinguilh between 
 " churches and Mieir imparities. We could 
 *' not live without the public worfhip of 
 " God ; nor be permitted the public worJliip, 
 " without fuch a yoke of fubfcription and 
 *' conformity, as we could not confent unto 
 •* without fin. That wc might, therefore, 
 *' enjoy divine worfhip without human mix- 
 ** tures, without offenc to God, man, and 
 *' our own confciences, we, with leave, but 
 *' not without tears, departed from ourcoun- 
 ** try, kindred, and fathers houfes, into this 
 *' Patmos." — The good-natured monarch 
 gracioufly received this addrefs, and pro- 
 mifed the protedion requefted. 
 
 In 1662, Mr, Winthrop carried over a 
 charter for the colony of Connedticut, to 
 which was thereby annexed the colony of 
 Newhaven. The people of this diftridt at 
 firft refufed to fubmit, alleging that they 
 were without the bounds prefcrlbcd ; but 
 afterwards th^ty tliought proper to change 
 
 their 
 
 com 
 cers, 
 nial 
 T 
 ed t 
 their 
 tatio 
 Gov 
 fiftai 
 of A 
 fen h 
 tute 
 gene 
 whei 
 
 
 •■-■'K'^im'*!*^- 
 
:J L A N D. 
 
 5 lingular paffage : — 
 
 as to the interefts 
 latical, as to matters 
 liftinguilh between 
 purities. We could 
 
 public worfhip of 
 j the public worJliip, 
 of fubfcription and 
 ild not confent unto 
 vc might, therefore, 
 vithout human mix- 
 ' to God, man, and 
 we, with leave, but 
 arted from ourcoun- 
 ers houfes, into this 
 d-natured monarch 
 5 addrefs, and pro- 
 luefted. 
 irop carried over a 
 
 of Connedticut, to 
 exed the colony of 
 lie of this diftridt at 
 
 alleging that they 
 
 ids prefcrlbcd ; but 
 
 It proper to change 
 
 their 
 
 NEW- ENGLAND. 
 
 7« 
 
 their fentiments, and, of a diftindt colony, 
 became a county of Connedicut, as they 
 have ever fince reniained. — By virtue of this 
 charter, the freeholders annually chufe a'Go- 
 vernor, and a certain number of Afliftants, 
 who compofe the Council or Upper Floufe 
 of Aflembly, and are alfo the grand ordinary 
 in all teftamentary cafes. The freeholders 
 alfo eledt, from among thtmfelves, two to 
 reprefent each town, who form the Lower 
 Houfe. Both Houfes, refolving into a grand 
 committee, chufe all civil and military offi- 
 cers, and have the cognizance of matrimo- 
 nial and other matters. 
 
 The people of Rhodelfland, alfo, obtain- 
 ed this year a charter, incorporating with 
 their own cciony that called Providence Plan- 
 tation. In right of it, they annually eledt a 
 Governor, Lieutenant Governor, and ten AC- 
 fiftants, of whom confifts the Upper Houfe 
 of AflTembly. About 70 reprefentatives, cho- 
 fen half-yearly by the different towns, confti- 
 tute the Lower Houfe. The two Houfes, in 
 general afTembly, appoint all public officers,, 
 whether civil or military, (the Recorder, 
 
 Treafurer, 
 
 pi 
 
 A 
 
 ^^^ 
 
■ J |iHP»i|*<i I 
 
 72 
 
 NEW-ENGLAND. 
 
 Treafurer, and Attorney-General, alone ex- 
 cepted being eleded annually by the peo- 
 ple) i and have the powers oFenading laws, 
 regiflating the militia, and tranfading all o- 
 thcr bufinefs of government. They are ob- 
 liged to fit immediately after every cledtion, 
 in the fummer at Newport, and in the win- 
 ter at Providence, in South Kingfton, and 
 Narraganftt alternately. They adjourn theni- 
 Celves, but may be fummoned together 
 again by the Governor on any emergency. 
 The Governor has no negative \ he only 
 votes with the Afliftants, and has the calling 
 voice in cafe of an equality. 
 
 In 1665, the anabaptifts were charged 
 with *' gathering theirfclves intoa pretend- 
 *'ed church ftate, in oopofition to the order 
 *' of the churches in Chrift in the colony," 
 &c. Th2 allegation not being denied, they 
 were at firrt: aidmonillied and threatened 
 only ; but this not reftraining them, fuch 
 as were freemen were disfranchifed ; which 
 alfo being ineffedual, the offenders were 
 imprifoned and banifhed. But feverlty 
 only making piK.)rdytes, it w.is rhought 
 
 advifcabie 
 
AND. 
 
 tneral, alone ex- 
 ally by the peo- 
 }f enai\ing laws, 
 tranfading all o- 
 [. They are ob- 
 ;r every eledlion, 
 and in the win- 
 h Kingfton, and 
 ey adjourn the ni- 
 moned together 
 any emergency, 
 gative i he only 
 d has the calling 
 
 s were charged 
 ;s intoapretend- 
 tion to the order 
 : in the colony," 
 :ing denied, they 
 
 and threatened 
 
 ling them, fuch 
 
 anchifed; which 
 
 : offenders were 
 
 But feverlty 
 
 it yfAS thought 
 advifcab'.e 
 
 NEW -ENGLAND. 
 
 13 
 
 advifeable to defift from further profecu- 
 tions. 
 
 The King, in 1664, commifiioned Colo- 
 nel Nichols and George Cartwright, Efc\, in 
 conjuniilion with Sir Robert Carr and Samuel 
 Maverick, Efq; to reduce the Dutch fettled 
 on Hudfon's river, to vifit the colonies in 
 New-England, hear and determine all mat- 
 ters of complaint, and fettle the peace and 
 fecurity of the country. 
 
 They arrived at Borton in July ; whence, 
 after acquainting the Government with, and 
 imparting a few particulars of, their commiC- 
 fion, they proceeded to Hudfon's river to 
 execute their orders there, before they en- 
 tered upon bufinefs at Maflachufets-bay. In 
 the mean time, a General Court was ca'led 
 to confider of proper meafurcs to be pui fued 
 at this critical period, when the authority 
 and privileges of the government were 
 thought to be invaded. They took (everal 
 conciliatory fteps, one of which was (agree- 
 able to a letter received from Charles II. in 
 1662), the repeal of the law of 163 1, rela- 
 tive to the admilTion of freemen, in room 
 
 D whereof 
 
74 
 
 N E \V - E N G L A N D. 
 
 whereof was fubditutcd another, which al- 
 lowed orthodox and moral freeholders, 
 rateable at a certain value, to be made free- 
 men, though not members of the church. 
 
 The Dutch furrendered on being fum- 
 moned ; Colonel Nichols remaining at New- 
 York, the other three CommifTioners return- 
 ed to Bofton, the 15th of February, ^665. 
 As they expcded to meet with oppofition 
 from the Maflachufets, they thought proper, 
 for example's fake, previoufly to exert their 
 authority in fome of the weaker colonies, 
 and departed the next day for Plymouth, 
 where they were fubmilfively received, and 
 found that ahnofl: every thing they had to 
 recommend was already obferved. From 
 Plymouth, they went to the Narraganfet 
 country, and, holding their court at War- 
 wick, enquired into the titles of lands there, 
 and made divers determinations, which, 
 however, were foon difregarded. They 
 returned again to Bofton the latter end of 
 April ; and as their condud feemed to have 
 a ftrong bias on the fide of prerogative ra- 
 ther than privilege, it is not much to be 
 
 wondered 
 
 wond( 
 with i 
 being 
 plan V 
 it; bt 
 pear f 
 
 On 
 
 Comn 
 the cc 
 comm 
 *' ':on 
 " for* 
 '* gait 
 " cou 
 " exc 
 *' prel 
 "the 
 " arof 
 "fom 
 *' cafe 
 •' toji 
 Up( 
 Comrr 
 *' Th? 
 
 %'W.» | ff i M ^ ^H'w'^to.Mii.M 
 
 iHW i ryjag ftJui. 
 
AND. 
 
 It her, which al- 
 al freeholders, 
 to be made free- 
 )f the church, 
 on being fum- 
 naining at Nevv- 
 lifTioners return- 
 cbruary, 1665. 
 with oppofition 
 ihought proper, 
 y to exert tlieir 
 'caker colonies, 
 
 for Plymouth, 
 I received, and 
 ig they had to 
 (ferved. From 
 le Narraganfet 
 
 court at War- 
 of lands there, 
 itions, which, 
 arded. They 
 e latter end of 
 feemed to have 
 )rerogative ra- 
 t much to be 
 wondered 
 
 N E W - E N G L A N D. 
 
 15 
 
 wondered at, that they were looked upon 
 with a diflruftful eye. A General Court 
 being met, the bufinefs commenced. Our 
 plan will not permit us to enter largely upon 
 it; but the temper of both parties will ap- 
 pear from the following particulars : 
 
 One of the King's inftrudlions to the 
 Commiffioners, communicated by them to 
 the court, runs thus :— ** That they" (the 
 commiffioners) " fliould not receive any 
 *' 'Complaints againft a magiftrate, except 
 " for fomething done againfl equity, or a- 
 '* gaiuit the charter; nor interrupt the 
 " courfe of juftice between party and party, 
 " except the proceedings Oiould be ex- 
 ♦' prefsly contrary to the rules prefcribed by 
 " the charter; or the matter, in diffbrence, 
 " arofe from fome expreflion or claufe in 
 " n^me grant under the great feal. In thofe 
 *' cafes, to examine and proceed according' 
 ♦' tojuftice." " 
 
 Upon the fubjea of this inftruaion, the 
 
 CommiiTioners acquainted r!,,; Court, 
 
 -' :7'^? • '^'^^ received many complaints 
 
 D 2 " from 
 
 m 
 
 
76 
 
 NEW-ENGLAND. 
 
 *' from the Englifli of hard meafurc in fc- 
 *' veral kinds, one more efpccially, which 
 ** they offered to communicate, and dared 
 " not refufc to examine it, but had fo much 
 *' refpedt to the authority in the fevcral co- 
 *' Ionics, that they would leave it to the 
 " choice of the Court, whether it ftiould be 
 " heard at.Providence, in Rhode-Ifland, or 
 " at Bofton, either at that time, or after 
 ** the Commilfioners returned from the 
 " eaft/vard, where they were going." — 
 This referred to a criminal profecution a- 
 gainft one John Porter, jun. to whom they 
 had granted a warrant of protedion, as it 
 was termed. 
 
 The anfwer returned by the Court was as 
 follows : " Thut hearing and determining 
 *' appeals from their judgments is incon- 
 •* fiftcnt with their charter j nevcrthelefs, 
 " as they dcfired to be doers of truth and 
 ** righteoufneft, and not to fliun the light, 
 ** if the Commiflioners would be pieafed to 
 " impart the complaints that had been 
 " brought againft the government; they 
 ** hoped to be able to give fuch anfwer as 
 
 "niould 
 
 "fho» 
 " had 
 "and 
 ♦♦ pre 
 
 T< 
 plied, 
 " the 
 *• cor 
 "in 
 « nvil 
 ** upi 
 " acl< 
 " wh 
 "to 
 " th( 
 
 Tl 
 dire£ 
 rathe 
 the i 
 recci 
 meni 
 give 
 asth 
 repr( 
 Maje 
 
 ■^TA III .. 
 
AND. 
 
 meafurc in fe- 
 >ccially, which 
 ite, and dared 
 tu had To much 
 the fevcral co- 
 save it to the 
 :r it (hould be 
 lode-Ifland, or 
 time, or after 
 ed from the 
 ere going."— 
 profeciition a- 
 to whom they 
 rotedion, as it- 
 
 i Court was as 
 
 i determining 
 
 ents is incon- 
 
 ncvcrthelefs, 
 
 of truth and 
 
 bun the light, 
 
 be pieafed to 
 
 lat had been 
 
 'nmenti they 
 
 ich anfwer as 
 
 *' Ihould 
 
 t« 
 
 tt 
 
 (( 
 
 NEW-EN GLAND. 77 
 
 " fhould fatisfy his IVIajefty that their aftions 
 " had been confonant to reafon and equity,. 
 *' and not fuch as evil-minded men had re- 
 ♦♦ prefented tliem." 
 
 To this anfwer the Commiflioners re- 
 plied, " That they were forry to find that' 
 *• the Court put more value upon their own 
 conceptions, than the wifJom of the King, 
 in interpreting the charter. The Com- 
 *♦ nviflioners would reduce all the difcourfes 
 ** upon this head to onequeftion,^— Do.you. 
 acknowledge his Majefty's Commiflion, 
 " wherein we are nominated Commiflioners, 
 ** to be of full force to all tlie purpofes 
 *' therein contained?" 
 
 The Court defired to be excufed from a 
 diredl anfwer to this queftion, and chofe 
 rather to plead his Majefty's charter, and 
 the fpecial charge the Commiflioners had 
 received not to difturb them in the enjoy- 
 ment of it i adding, that they were ready to 
 give fuch an account of their proceedings, 
 as that the Commiflioners might be able to 
 reprefent their perfons and adions to his 
 Majefty. But the Commiflioners infilling 
 D 2 on 
 
 . V^Sfc^., 
 
78 N E W - E N G L A N a 
 
 on a direft anfwer, the Court declared, 
 *' That it was enough for them to give their 
 " fenfe of the powers granted to them by 
 *' charter, and that it was beyond their line 
 ** to dttermine the power, intent, or pur- 
 *' ppfe of his Majefty'sCommifllon." 
 
 Thus the Maflachufets government not 
 fubmitting to have their own authority fu- 
 perfeded, this famous Commiflion, fo far as 
 it refpefted tfiem, was produdive of little 
 more than jarring altercation and difturb- 
 ance. At length, breaking off further con- 
 ference, the Commiffioners went to New- 
 Hampftiire and the Province of Main, 
 where they appointed juftices of the peace, 
 exercifed divers* a6ls of government, and 
 attempted to detach thofe colonies from the 
 authority of the MalTacbufets, to which they 
 bad fonw time finee fubmhted. They failed 
 in New-Hampfbire, finding very few towns 
 inclined to countenance the propofal. What 
 temporary fucccfs they met with in Main 
 will be feen prefently. The Commiflioners 
 returning to Bofton, fome (liarp wordis paffbd 
 between them and the Court, concerning 
 
 their 
 
 their pi 
 
 Main. 
 
 where 
 
 Maffac 
 
 Plymo 
 
 fiibmit 
 
 at the 
 
 fcrutin 
 
 cutive 
 
 the di 
 
 of lan< 
 
 fpace 
 
 Fer 
 
 Sir Fe 
 
 to rec< 
 
 cured 
 
 theG 
 
 requii 
 
 made 
 
 trairy. 
 
 drefs, 
 
 ance, 
 
 never 
 
 tenar 
 
 were 
 
ND. 
 
 urt declared, 
 r» to give their 
 I to them by 
 3ind their line 
 itent, or pur- 
 fllon." 
 
 ^ernment not 
 authority fu- 
 lion, fofar as 
 live of little 
 and difturb- 
 ' further con- 
 ent to New- 
 e of Main, 
 )f the peace, 
 rnment, and 
 lies from the 
 y which they 
 
 They failed 
 ry few towns 
 pofal, Whae 
 ith in Main 
 Dmmiflioners 
 wordis puffed 
 
 concerning 
 their 
 
 NEW-ENGLAND. 
 
 79. 
 
 their proceedings in Ncw-HampHiire and 
 Main. They then repaired to Connefticur, 
 where they had no better fuccefs than at 
 Maflachulets-bay : but by the colonies of 
 Plymouth and Rhode-lfland they were agaui 
 fiibi-nitted to, fitting as a court in the latter, 
 at the towns of Providence and Warwick, 
 fcrutinizing into the proceedings of the exe-^ 
 cutive powers, receiving all complaints of' 
 the difcontented, examining into purchafcs 
 of lands from the Indians, &c. &c. 'for the 
 fpace of feveral months. 
 
 Ferdinando Gorges, grandfon and heir to 
 Sir Ferdinand© Gorgefe, attemptted, in 1664, - 
 to recover the Prpvince of Main-, and pro->. 
 cured a letter to be fet^ by Charles IL to. 
 the Government of the Maffachufets colony, 
 requiring fuch reftitution to be forthwith 
 made, or reafon to be fliewn for tlie con* 
 trary. The Go\'ernment, in ati humble ad- 
 drefs, excufed themfelves from a compli- 
 ance, and alTigned reafons for their conduct : 
 neverthelefs, Mr. Gorge's claim being coun- 
 tenanced by the Commiflioners, the people 
 were encouraged to withdraw from their 
 D 4 fubjeftion 
 
 ■^•tm-. 
 
8o NE W.ENGLAND. 
 Aibjeinion to the MaOachufcts. But, the 
 province becoming a fcene of confufion, an 
 might naturally have been expedtcd from fo 
 unfettled a ftatc, fome of the principal per- 
 fons made application, in 1688, to the Maf- 
 fachufcts Government to re-alTume the jiirif- 
 diftion over it , and agreeable hereto a de- 
 daration was publifhed requiring the inha- 
 bitants to yield obedience to the laws of the 
 MaJachufets colony, and to chufe officers 
 within the feveral towns, as they bad done 
 btfore the late interruption. This declara- 
 tion had its intended effea, though fomc 
 oppofttion was made to it by the pcrfona 
 appointed to a<5t there by the Commill 
 fioners. 
 
 An execution which happened at fiofton, 
 m 1673, is too remarkable to be unnoticed. 
 The crew of a vcflel bound from the Straits 
 to London, having entered into a confpiracy, 
 took occafion to quarrel with the mafter and 
 ihme of his officers, turned them into the 
 long-boat with a fmall quantity of provifions, 
 L about 100 leagues to the weft ward of Spain' 
 
 ^nd 
 
 Mid tl 
 
 land, 
 
 drivir 
 
 vidcr. 
 
 alfo, 
 
 maftc 
 
 were 
 
 there 
 
 vernc 
 
 nnitii 
 
 hiing 
 
 Tl 
 
 was ( 
 
 the < 
 
 the f( 
 
 met 
 
 them 
 
 the ) 
 
 was ( 
 
 or 
 
 P4iiV| 
 
 «ftor 
 
 nlliar 
 
 on t 
 
 hitni 
 
AND. 
 
 rets. But, the 
 f confufion, as 
 pedtcd from fo 
 i principal per- 
 J8, to the Maf- 
 flTumethejiirif. 
 le hereto a de- 
 ring the inha- 
 the laws of the 
 
 chufe officers 
 they had done 
 
 This dcclara- 
 
 though fome 
 y the perfona 
 
 the Commit 
 
 ncd at Bofton, 
 be unnoticed, 
 om the Straits 
 > a conspiracy, 
 he mafter and 
 lem Into the 
 ofprovifions, 
 rard of Spain, 
 and 
 
 NEW-ENGLAND. 8i 
 
 Mid then ftood with the (hip for New Eng- 
 land. The mafter and little company, 
 driving before the wind, by a fingiilar pro- 
 vidcr.ce, made the coaft of New-England 
 alfo, with the lofs of one man only ; both 
 mafter and crew, as may well be liippofed, 
 were alloniftied at feeing each others faces 
 there; bir the former acquainting the Go- 
 vernor with the above circumftances, the 
 mutineers were feized, and the ringleaders 
 hanged. 
 
 The New- England Colonies, whether it 
 was owing to their own confederacy, or to 
 the difagreements whi<;h prevailed among 
 the fachems or chiefs of the Indians, had 
 met with little oppofition or annoyance from 
 them fince the reduftton of the Pequoda in 
 the year 1637; but in 1674, a confpiracy 
 was difcQvercd to be forming by Metacom, , 
 or (according to an affumed Englifti name) 
 P-hiVp, fon and fucceffbr tit- MaflafiTjiet, 
 wnom we mentioned as entering into an 1 
 alliance with the colony of 'New-Plymouth 
 on their firft arrival. Philip, conceiving 
 himfclf and other fachems (perhaps with 
 D 5 rcafon);; 
 
 .^^WikmM^m~~ 
 
,">j . 'm"'imJim 
 
 ta 
 
 NEW-ENGLAND. 
 
 reafon) to be fcrvilcly treated by the en- 
 croaching colonizers, fecretly invited hit 
 countrymen to a general infurredion, as the 
 only means of recovering their expiring li- 
 berties. Of this the Governmcn:: of Ply- 
 mouth were apprized by one Sautaman, 
 who had embraced Chri(lianity, and was 
 employed by the Engiifh as a milfionary 
 Among the natives. Saufaman fcU a facrifice 
 to the refentmcnt of the natives on account 
 of this difcovery ; for falling into the hands 
 of a pafty of them a& iie was croflnig a fro- 
 zen pond, they murdered him, afvl cutting 
 a hole plunged his body under rlie ice, 
 leaving his hat and gun at top, that it miglit 
 be (bought be had fallen in accidtintally. 
 This artifice, it is faid, in fome meafure 
 fucceed^id, ths body, when J^und, being 
 interred withouJ fifpic < of violence: but 
 doubts arifing h ' ; nr ;d of the Governor, 
 hf. ordered it ' ' * c taken up and cxanjned, 
 when the ne ; was found to be broken, ihe 
 head ''volcn, -and feveral other parts fliock- 
 jngly bruifed > in confcquencc of which, in 
 
 1675, 
 
 ifLiiCA 
 
r' ." i i|U" ' Jiw.w yi' ^ 'ii» . ' 
 
 VND. 
 
 ;d by the en- 
 
 ly invited hit 
 
 rcdion, as the 
 
 eir expiring H- 
 
 nmcnr of Ply- 
 
 >ne Sautaman, 
 
 nity, and was 
 
 s Q milTionary 
 
 1 fell a facrilice 
 
 ves on account 
 
 into the hands 
 
 I crofling a fro- 
 
 n, and cutting 
 
 jnder che ice, 
 
 p, that it might 
 
 ti accidentally. 
 
 fome meafure 
 
 lound, being 
 
 violence : but 
 
 * the Governor, 
 
 and cxanjned, 
 
 be broken, ihe 
 
 ler parts ftiock- 
 
 cc of which, in 
 
 tj;ii;»wmnrfim jl Hr: 
 
 / 
 
r 
 
 ij 
 
 .<.:t*% 
 
 <>?\^ ▼f. 
 
 IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
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 2.0 
 
 
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 Photographic 
 
 Sdmces 
 
 CorporaliQn 
 
 23 WIST MAIN STRHT 
 
 wnsTiR,N.Y. usao 
 
 (716)t72-4S03 
 
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 i 
 
 I 
 
 CIHM/ICMH 
 
 Microfiche 
 
 Series. 
 
 CIHM/ICMH 
 Collection de 
 microfiches. 
 
 Canadian Institute for Historical Microraproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques 
 
 t 
 
grin< 
 med 
 plun 
 atN 
 nine 
 
 an 
 
upiV"-*'*i*?J"»W|l' M IV . 
 
 WE W - EN gland'. «3 
 
 1675, three fufpecStcd Indians (one of them, 
 named Tobias, being, it feems, of PhiKp's 
 council) were feized, adjudged guilty ^ and 
 
 hanged. it' 
 
 This executioft, no doubt, mudi elia- 
 grined PWlip, and hurried him to the im- 
 mediate commencement of hoftilitics by 
 plundering fome plantations- near his palace 
 at Mount Hope, and murdering eight or 
 nine perfons at Swanfcy. But a. body of 
 men from MaffachMfets-bay imtncdiately • 
 joining the Plymoiuh forces, agreeable to 
 the ftipulation of the Confederacy, King 
 Philip quitted Mount Hope, and retired to 
 the Pocaffet Indians on the fea-coaft ; where- 
 upon chcEngU(h marched into the country 
 of the Narraganfets, whole friendihip they 
 had reafon to fufpeSt, and compelled tliefn 
 tofigij a treaty, obliging themfelves to take 
 an a^ive part a^ainft Philip, and offering . 
 rewards for his apprejienfipn. They then 
 
 • The tredulous Dr. Mother fays, that the firft inti- 
 mation of the identity of the murderers, proceeded from 
 ibe circiuinftance of the bleeding of the corps, on being 
 
 touched by Tobias. . - , 
 
 purlucd 
 
IrJ.J l|||[^f)''1(l<i 
 
 84 NEW-ENGLAND. 
 
 purfaed this warrior into the Pocaflct coutv* 
 try, and, on July ,18, attacked, and would 
 rood probably have taken him in a fwamp, 
 had not night obliged them todefift. It was 
 afterwards judged moft prudent to ftarve 
 him into a furtender, by placing guarda 
 round the fwamp. 
 
 In the mean time» the Indians in other 
 parts of New-England had followed Philip's 
 hoftile example. On the i4Jtlvof July, the 
 Hipmucks kili/ed (bur peribns at N^ndon, in 
 tlie MaiTachufets colony: neverthelefs, that 
 government, with a view of reclaiming 
 them, difpatched Captain Hutchinfon, at the 
 head of about 20 horfemen, to BrookBeld, 
 the inhabitants of which place had great 
 hopes of a good tfllie attending a treaty 
 which the Indians had promifed to hold at a 
 certain place on the 2d ot Auguft. A few of 
 the principal people, therefore, accompanied 
 Capt. Hutchinfon to the fpot appointedj where 
 finding none of the Indians, it was agreed to 
 proceed to their chief town. But, when tbey 
 had travelled about four oc five miles, the 
 
 infidious 
 
 1 
 
 infidious 
 ambulh, 
 tally woi 
 die Cap 
 vors efc£ 
 Utants \ 
 large ho 
 who, fo 
 burnt t1 
 inhabita 
 attempt' 
 vain, 
 hemp a 
 thruftinj 
 fortunai 
 vented, 
 ceiving 
 lard, th 
 deftroyi 
 could n 
 ofr,.wh 
 
 • Int 
 tribe had 
 nl ufe a 
 great- nui 
 felvu spi 
 
f!T^ 
 
 ID. 
 
 caflfet coua- 
 and would 
 in a fwamp, 
 efift. It was 
 nt to ftarve 
 ciflg guarda 
 
 ins in other 
 >wed Philip's 
 of July, the 
 t Mendon, in 
 rthelefs, that 
 f reclaiming 
 linfon, at the 
 o Brookfield, 
 ce had great 
 ling a treaty 
 i to hold at a 
 ift. A. few of 
 accompanied 
 ►ointedi.whcre 
 was agreed to 
 ut, when tbey 
 ire miles, the 
 iafidious 
 
 NEW- ENGLAND. 
 
 >5 
 
 jnfidious Indians fired • upon them from an 
 ambuHi, killed eight on the fpot, and moi;- 
 tally wounded three more, among whom was 
 the Captain himfclf. However, the furvi- 
 vors efcaped to Brookfield, where the inha- 
 bitants were obliged to run together into one 
 large houfe, to avoid the fury of the Indians, 
 who, following the blow, poured into and 
 burnt the town. To the houfe where the 
 inhabitants had taken refuge^ the Indians 
 attempted to fet fire (everal times, but in 
 vain. At length, they fiilled a. cart with 
 hemp and combuftibles,^ which they were 
 thrufting in ffames towards it,, when (moft 
 fortunately) a heavy fliower.of rain ftill pre> 
 vented, their, defign.. The befieged now re- 
 ceiving, a reinfprcement under Major Wil- 
 lard, the Indians thought proper to retreat, 
 deftroying all the horles and cattle they 
 could meet with, to a fwamp lo or 1 2 miles 
 off,, where on Auguft 5, they were joined by 
 
 • In,the war^with the Pequodsj a part bnljr o( that 
 tribe had fire-arms ; but they were now come into gene- 
 ral ufe among the IndTans, who had tnduftrloufly got 
 great-numbers into their poifeffibn, and rendered them- 
 felrei jood auurkfmeo.. 
 
 Philip, 
 
I I HJ B«|| «pi»!1»'WT< «] IJ II J I " II PH'I 
 
 S6 
 
 NEW-ENGLAND. 
 
 Philip, who hdd found means to cfcape from 
 his dangerous fituation at Pocaflct the latter 
 end of July. His followers had all dcferted 
 him but 40 men, and a number of women 
 and children. 
 
 Hoftilities were commenced about the, 
 iame time by the Indians upon Connedicut 
 rhrer, nearHadky, Hatfield, and Decrficld; 
 alfo by thofe at Pcnicook and other places 
 on Mcrrimafc river. Skirmilhes frequently 
 hs^ened, and generally to riicdifiidvantage 
 of the Englifh. Captain Lothrop, with 80 
 men, being fent to guard a quantity of corn 
 from Deerfidd to Hadley, was attacked by 
 7 or 800 Indians : he fought them manfully, 
 till only fcven or eight of his fmall corps re- 
 rnained. Captain Mofeley advanced with 
 his company from Deerfield, but too late to 
 refcue Lothi^p. He renewed and continu- 
 ed the engagement for four hours •, find, at 
 length, Miajor Treat coming up to his affitt- 
 ance with about i€o Monhegin Indian^, the 
 enemy were put to flight. 
 
 Soon afterwards, a body of the Spring- 
 field Indians, who had for 40 years lived in 
 
 the 
 
 V 
 
 **ii-, MMll '-ud 
 
!W'W''WP??1P^ 
 
 Hi^P^ 
 
 FGLAND. 
 
 I means to cfcapc from 
 \ at Pocaflet the latter 
 lowers had all deferted 
 d a number of women 
 
 jmm^riired about the, 
 ans upon Connediqui 
 latfield, and Dcerficldj 
 cook and other places 
 Skirmithes frequently 
 illy to the difadvantage 
 tain Lofhrop, with 80 
 lard a quantity of corn 
 idley, was attacked by 
 fought them manfully, 
 It of his fmall corps re- 
 /lofeley advunced with 
 eerfield, but too late to 
 ; renewed and continu- 
 br four hours -, and, at 
 comiflg" up to'his affitt- 
 Monhegin Indians, the 
 ight. 
 
 a body of the Spring- 
 ad for 40 years lived in 
 the 
 
 thcmoftfriendlycorrcfpondenc. >^*^e 
 
 EnRlifti, were prevailed upon, by Philips 
 todtns !« join them in an attempt upon 
 
 S^fngfieldtown. The plot was d.fcove^ 
 Lenoughto fave the lives of the mto- 
 
 bitants, hi not the town. ^^-^^^ '^J^^ 
 boufes, befides barns, te. be.ng burnt 
 down before any forces <;ould be got to- 
 gether. The fame Mans on the 9th ot 
 Oaobcr, made » furious ««*"1^^«P°" "^: 
 field •. but the MaOachufets and Conneft.cut 
 
 fores being happHy «^ \»f ' ^*^^^, ,^J "I 
 pulfed : and finding themfelves not Ulce ly to 
 feed io any futtber attempts m thofe 
 parts of the country, the generaUty of them 
 retired amongft the Narra^iBfetfi. 
 
 Indeed the country of the Indians laft 
 mentioned, notwithftaiiding their late treaty 
 with the Englilh, was now become the gene- 
 ral rendezvous of PhHip'a foldiers, and other 
 Indiati ipfiirg^nts, whence it ^f^^^^^ 
 feared that the Narraganfets mtend«J open- 
 ly to joiii them in the fpring. Such an 
 event would, in all probability, have proved 
 fatal to the Englilh j it was, therefore, 
 
 judged 
 
 V 
 
88 N|EWr.EN GLAND. 
 
 judged prudent to anticipate the rupture i 
 attacking them, if poflible before they were 
 prepared. Accordingly looo mcn^ were 
 forthwith raifed *, and marched into the 
 Narraganfet country. In the mean time, 
 the Indians, receiving intelligence of the 
 defign againft them, fortified themrdves in 
 a fwamp, with all the fkill they were maf- 
 ters of. On. the Kgth of December, about 
 one o'clock, the Englirti reached the fpot, 
 and, without drawing up in order of battle, 
 Aiddenly entered the fwamp, purfuing ilic 
 advanced guard to the fortrcis, which was 
 fttuated on an»> eminence, palifadoed all 
 round, and within a very thick hedge. It 
 was only to be entered by a gap at one cop- 
 ncr, where the breaftwork was lower thiin 
 other parts ; but dh-e^ly oppofitc this paf- 
 fegcwas placed a blockhoufis. As it hap- 
 pened, the EngliOi felV upon this very place. 
 The capraifls entered at the head of their 
 
 • Si-jhy the Maflachtifets, the reft by Conneftlcnt 
 and PJyuioutb colonies.- 
 
 companies, 
 
 cc 
 tu 
 m 
 th 
 
 in 
 
 ly 
 
 A 
 
 h( 
 hi 
 6< 
 d 
 
 tt 
 I 
 
 t 
 e 
 
 n 
 
-HW^ 
 
 
 4 GLAND. 
 
 iticipate the rupture 1 
 flible before they were 
 >gly looo mciv were 
 nd marched into the 
 In the mean time, 
 ig intelligence of the 
 fortified themfelves in 
 le flcill they were maf* 
 h of December, about 
 jlift reached the fpot, 
 ; up in order of battle, 
 ; fwampt purfuing tlte 
 lie fortrefs, which was 
 nence, palifadoed all 
 very thick hedge. It 
 d by a gap at one cop- 
 work was lower th u n 
 ;^ly oppofite this paf- 
 lockhoufe. As it.hap* 
 U upon this very place, 
 d at the. heaid of their 
 
 ■ ■ .1 
 its, the reft by ConneAicot 
 
 companies, 
 
 NEW-ENGLAND. 89 
 
 companies, but not without the lofs of the 
 two foremoft, Johnfon and Davenport, and 
 many of their men, who were fhot dead on 
 the fpot. The Indians were. then attacked 
 in their flrong-holds i they fought defperate- 
 ly, and forced the afTailants out of the fort. 
 A furious fight fuccceded for upwaids of two 
 hours, by which time, however, the Englifh 
 had re- taken the fort, and fet fire to 5 or 
 6co >y^waro8, wherein many women and 
 children were deftroyed. 
 
 Night. coming on, haflened the return of 
 the Englifh to their quarters, which were at 
 15 or 16 niiles diftancc. They carried their 
 de>id and wounded men with them, but had 
 the mortification to fee many 4* the latter 
 expire in this long and cold march, who 
 might otherwife have been preferved. They 
 reached their quarters about two o'clock 
 next morning. Of their killed and wound- 
 ed the whole number was about 170; a- 
 mongft the former, befides the two above- 
 mentioned were the Captains Gardner, 
 Gallop, Siely, and Marfhal. The Indians, as 
 fomc of them confefTed, had 700 warriors 
 
 killed, 
 
90 
 
 NEW-ENGLAND. 
 
 killed, and 300 more died of their wounds : 
 the number of fouls loft by the fire could not 
 be afcertained. They repoflTeflcd the fort the 
 next day; and the EngliHi, having fpent 
 fow>c weeks in refreftiing themfelves, during 
 which terms of accommodation were unfuc- 
 cefsfully propofed on both tides, returned to 
 Bofton in February. 
 
 The enemy quieted the Nar raganfet cioun- 
 try in January, which ftruck terror ihro* all 
 the colonies, from an af^refienfion that a 
 general junAion was intended by the rava- 
 ges. On the iQth ofFebriury (overal Kun» 
 dreds of them burnt Lanca(^er, killing and 
 taking prifonera 40 of the inhabitants ; on 
 the 21 ft, they burnt down half the town of 
 Medfield, andLkilled 1.8 persons « and on the 
 a5th, fet 6re to 7 or S houfes at Wey^ 
 mouth, within ao miles pf Bofton. In 
 March the Indians ravaged with fire and 
 fword the towns of Northampton and 
 Springfield on Connedkicut river, Groton, 
 Sudbury, and Marlborough, in the Mafia- 
 chufcts, and Warwick and Providence in 
 
 Rhode- 
 
 in! 
 of 
 pel 
 Ca 
 
 50 
 aff 
 
 m< 
 
 ho 
 
 th< 
 
 Re 
 
 dA 
 N( 
 
 wi 
 foi 
 he 
 afl 
 pc 
 d« 
 
 pi 
 fo 
 
 b: 
 
 ff 
 
 m 
 
 ii. 
 
unm ii w i wii, ' 
 
 mm 
 
 ENGLAND. 
 
 died of their wounds : 
 )ft by the fire could not 
 repoflTcflcd the fort the 
 Engh'fti, hnving fpent 
 ling themfelves, during 
 imodation were unfuc- 
 both flde«, returned to 
 
 1 the Narraganfet couTi' 
 i ftruek terror ihro' all 
 in e[^rehet>fk>n that a 
 intended by the fava- 
 'Febriury (everal luin« 
 Lancafter, killing and 
 f the inhabitants ; on 
 down half the town of 
 iJ perlbns } and on the 
 or 8 houfea at Wey^ 
 miles pf Bofton. In 
 ravaged with fire and 
 >f Northannpton and 
 ledticut river, Groton, 
 orough, in the Mafia- 
 ck and Providence in 
 Rhode- 
 
 NEW-ENGLAND. 
 
 9» 
 
 Rhode Ifland colony, killing many of the 
 inhabitants : they penetrated into the town 
 of New Plynnouih, where they raurdrrcd 1 1 
 perfons of one family v on the 26th drew 
 Captain Pearce, of Scituate, at the head of 
 50 Englifh and 20 allied Indians, into an 
 ambulh, and killed every man of the for- 
 mer, and a great part of the latter, who,, 
 however, fold their lives very dear » and on 
 the.zSthi burnt 40 houfes, befides barns, at 
 Rchoboth, *fj 1;,';; 
 
 The war was now at « ?rifis which en- 
 d^ngfired the very being of the colonies in 
 hf^v^ti^ngland. Where Philip pftflTcd the 
 winter has never been certainly difcovered, 
 for he diigtHfedhis perfbn, to prevent appre- 
 henfion on account of the reward ; but his 
 affiiirs wcfie never at fufch an height of prof. 
 pcrity, nor thofe of the Englilh in fuch a 
 depth of advcrfity, as at that time. ^H^P" 
 pily, the month of Ap*il brought a turn of 
 fortune. The Indians were worfted in two 
 battles with the Ck«inedicut forces, and fuf- 
 fercd confidcrable lofs, though not a finglc 
 man fell among the victors. The Maflachu- 
 
 fcts, 
 
91 NEW-ENGLAND; 
 
 fets, indeed, loft Captain Wadfworth and 
 50 foldiers, as they were marching to the 
 relief of Sudbury, which the Indians had at- 
 tacked ( but this appears to have been the 
 laft blow the Englifh received. A want of 
 provifions and ammunition, which the ene* 
 my had long experienced, daily increafing, 
 their vigour began to reUx^ and the Mo* 
 hawks falling upon and killing 50 of them*', 
 added to their difconragement. The Eng> 
 li(h availed themfelves of this diftrefs, anc^ 
 from time to time routed them wherever 
 they made a (land : Captain (afterwards Co* 
 k)nel) Grarch particularly diftinguifbedhim* 
 fc»f. 
 
 But it wafs on the lifeordieatH of Philip 
 himfelf that war or peace depended. He, 
 therefore, was the chief object of the en- 
 quiries 
 
 • PhiKp^it WM did, WUedt partr of the Mohawki, 
 n powerful Indian nation, and. then reported that the 
 Englilh were the murderers, with a view of provoking 
 that ' bodjr to engage in the war ) but ene of the partji 
 who had been left for dead, recovering, and undeceiv 
 ing his countrymen, that vengeance fell upon I^hilip's 
 own people, which he villainoufl/^ intended for th: 
 £nglilli. 
 
 In 
 
J GLAND: 
 
 ptain Wadfworth and 
 were marching to the 
 ich the Indians iiad ar- 
 ears to have been the 
 received. A warn of 
 nition, which the ene* 
 need, daily Increafing, 
 D reUx ; and the Mo* 
 id killing 50 of them*, 
 agement. The Eng- 
 s of thia difltefa, and 
 routed them wherever 
 'aptain (afterwarda Co* 
 larly diftinguiflie^him* 
 
 life or disath of Fbilip 
 peace depended. He, 
 hief object of the en- 
 li ..- . quiriei 
 
 led-* portf of tlie Motiawks, 
 , and . then reported that the 
 r», with a view of provoking 
 te war ^ but one of the partji 
 d, recovering, andundeceiv- 
 vengeance fell upon Philip's 
 ^lUalnoudy intended for the 
 
 NEW- ENGLAND. 
 
 93 
 
 quiries of the Englilh. At length, infor- 
 mation was received, that, after a twelve- 
 month's abfence, he was returned to Mount 
 Hope, whither being quickly purfued, he 
 fled from one fwamp to another, till, after 
 iofing the chief of his friends (particularly 
 his wife and (on, who were made prilbners), 
 he was fliot through the heart, on the 1 2tli 
 of Auguft, 1676, by one of his own foldiers, 
 who from fomc offenc^ received, had de- 
 ferted to the Englifh. His right hand hav- 
 ing a remarkable fear, well known to the 
 Englifli, the fellow cut that off, inftead of 
 his head, and acquired a pretty penny from 
 the curious. Tranquility was foon after re- 
 eftablifhed in the fouthcrn parts, the re(V of 
 the Indians either quitting the country, or 
 Tubmitting to the Englifh. 
 
 But i war dill continued, which had 
 been commenced about the time of the 
 beakingout of Philip's difturbances, by the 
 Indians in the N. E. parts, where they had 
 committed numerous murders and outrages, 
 A peace, however, was concluded on the 
 
 13th 
 
94 
 
 NEW-ENGLAND. 
 
 ' 
 
 13th of November, 1676 ; notwithftanding 
 which, they contintied their depredations 
 in 1677, till Major Andros having ftationed 
 forces at Pcmaqnid, by authority of the 
 Duke of York, the Tavagcs were for Tome 
 tiRie kept quiet. 
 
 In the mean time, the Mafladiufets were 
 alarmed with the apprchenfion of troubles 
 of Brother nature. Complaints' and enqui- 
 ries were making in England which ftruck' 
 at the powers of their government, and, in- 
 deed, which eventually occafioned the dif- 
 folution of their charter. But what more 
 immediately threatened them was the lo(s 
 df the territories <if NeW-Hampifhirc and 
 Main, to which claims were ref^edively pre- 
 ferred and maintained by Mafon and Goiiges. 
 It would be an ungrateful ta(k,had^e room, 
 to enter into the rtiefitsof them, on account 
 of the confufioh of grjints made by the 
 Council of Plymoufh. Suffice it, thereforcj 
 to (ay, that the Maflachufets fent over agents 
 to defend t,hdr own title ; but upon ahcar- 
 ipg before the Lords df a Committee of 
 '' • the 
 
';y»,;^i'!ui«,ij,i 
 
 '-ENGLAND. 
 
 er, 1676; notwitliftanding 
 itintied their depredations 
 or Andros having ftationed 
 nid, by authority of the 
 the ravages were for Tome 
 
 ne, the MaflTadiufets were 
 5 appnehenfi'on of trouTjles 
 Complaints and enqui- 
 ;iti England Which ftruck' 
 their governmeht, and, in- 
 itually occafioned the dif- 
 Charter. But what more 
 rarened them was the lo(s 
 i of NeW-Hampifhirc and 
 aims were refpedively prc- 
 lined by Mafon and Gorges, 
 grateful taflc,had-Yre room, 
 mefitsof them, on account 
 1 of grants made by the 
 oufh. Suffice it, therefore^ 
 f aflachulets fent over agents 
 wn title ; but u^pon a heat- 
 Lords of a Committee of 
 
 the 
 
 1 
 
 NEW-ENGLAN D. V 95 
 
 theCbunci), in 1677, were unfuccefsful •. 
 Hereupon, the Maflachufets, loth to fuffer 
 (0 confiderable a difmemberment, pnrchafed 
 of Mr. Gorges his right to Main, for i loo 1. 
 ftcrling: but they entirely loft New- Hamp- 
 Ihirei for Ma(bn not pretending to have 
 any right to the jurifdidtion, but to the ibtl 
 only, the Crown iifued a commiffion for go- 
 verning that province, the Governor, Coun- 
 cil, «nd Magiftrates, being, a&erwards ap- 
 pointed by the King. 
 
 But this was but the beginning of trou- 
 bleis: the cobny of Maflachufets-bay had 
 many enemies in England, and none greater 
 than Edward Randolph, who had been dif- 
 patched to them with «he complaints of 
 Mafon and Gorges, and who, (it being a 
 part of his errarfd iikewtfc to enquire into 
 
 * It was then determined, thtt the Maftiichufeti had 
 a right to •• three miles north" of Merrimack river, fol- 
 lowing its nurfe throughour.>-The province experienced 
 another defalcation, by a determination of his late Ma;- 
 jefty in Council, in 1738, viz. that fo far as the river 
 kept tt welldrn courfe, and no farther, the province line 
 ibould run the fame courfe, keeping the diitaoce of 
 three milesN. of the river, but after tliat to run due weft. 
 
 the 
 
g6 ^^.Ii EW -ENGLAND. 
 
 the date of the colony,) according to the 
 people's own phrafe, " went up and down 
 *♦ fceking to devour them ;" and, on his 
 return to England, reprefcnted them as pay- 
 ing no obedience to the adU for regulating 
 the trade of the plantations. The Quakers, 
 al(b, presented complaints of oppreflioQ. 
 
 On account of the gathering ftorm, it was 
 necelTary the agents (hould remain in Eng- 
 land, whilft the. colpny endeavoured to 
 avert it, by a removal of the exceptions 
 taken againft them in England. An ad was 
 made to punifli high treafon with death i 
 another, to compel all perfons upwards of 
 i6 years of age to take the oaths of alle- 
 giance ; and the King's arms were put up 
 in the court-houfe. What they complied 
 with the mod reluctantly, were the a<5ts of 
 trade. They told their agents, they, ** ap- 
 »* prehended them to be an invafion oi 
 *' the rights, liberties, and properties of 
 «* the fubjcAs of his Majefty in the colony, 
 ** ibey not being rtpre/ented in parliament j 
 
 " ....however, as his Majcxly 
 
 " had frgnified bis pleafure, that thofe afts 
 
 "ftiould 
 
 "'•^ -^- 
 
 (( 
 
 <c 
 l< 
 u 
 u 
 
 (« 
 
 
 
 tl 
 
 f; 
 
 c 
 
 ii 
 a 
 t 
 
•fwrn 
 
 .-•'■■' 
 
 GLAND. 
 
 y,) according to the 
 ** went up and down 
 them;" and, on his ' 
 )rerented them as pay- 
 ie adts for regulating 
 ations. ThcQnakcrs, 
 ints of opprelfion. 
 gathering (lorm, it was 
 hould remain in Eng- 
 qny endeavoured to 
 iral of the exceptions 
 England. An a^ was 
 treafon with death j 
 ill perfons upwards of 
 ike the oaths of alle- 
 y's arms were put up 
 What they complied 
 intly, were the a<5ts of 
 eir agents, they, ** ap- 
 to be an invafion oi 
 IS, and properties of 
 Miajefty in the colony, 
 eftnted in parliament \ 
 Ever, as his Majeily 
 leafure, that thofe afts 
 " Ihould 
 
 NEW-ENGLAND. 97 
 
 «' (hould be obferved in the Maflachufets, 
 «« they had made provifion, by a law of the 
 «• colony, that they fliould be ftriftly attend- 
 <« ed to from time to time, although it 
 «< greatly difcouraged trade, and was a great 
 « dataage to his Majefty's plantation."-^ 
 Thefe precautidns were foUowed by a faft 
 on the aift of December, 1678^ to implore 
 the divine bleflidg upon their endeavours 
 for obtaining favour with the King, and the 
 continuance of charter jJrivileges. 
 
 The Popifll Plot gavp a {hort refpite to 
 inquifitorial proceedings agiainft the colony j 
 and the agents obtained leave from the King 
 to return home, where thsy arrived on the 
 od of December. They carried with them 
 a letter from his Majefty, dated July 24, 
 1 679, containing fundry requilkiona, one of 
 which wasj that agents (hould be fent over 
 in (ix nioiithr, fiiUy inftruaed to anfwer and 
 trflnfaA what was tilhdetermined at that time. 
 But id this particular the colony failed, al- 
 leging, in excufe, their inability to fupport 
 the expence, from the great charges of the 
 late war. 
 
98 NEW-ENGLAND. 
 
 ^ In 1678, Randolph arrived in New-Eng- 
 land, in the capacity of infpeAor of the 
 cuiloms, and became very troublefome as 
 an informer, but loft moft of his adtions 
 with cofts. He was in England again in 
 1679 ^ — '" New-England at the end of the 
 fame year, watching the colony narrowly ; 
 ->-in England the next winter, — and in 
 New-England again in 168 1, * with a com- 
 xniilion from the crown, appointing him col- 
 leAor, furveyor, and' iearcher of the cuftoms 
 in New-England. He defired the counte- 
 narice and authority of the General Court ; 
 but his application being flighted, be gave 
 public notice of his office by fetting up an 
 advertifement in the towurhouie, which, 
 however, being taken down, he imputed 
 the fad to the General Court. 
 
 A letter being received from the King in 
 1680, cenfuring their negled of fending 
 over agents, and requiring a compliance 
 within three months after receipt, the Court 
 
 proceeded 
 
 * According to a parade he made of his iervices to 
 the CoiDinittee of Council, he vilited New-Englan 1 
 eight (cveral times in nine years. ' 
 

 GLAND, 
 arrived in New-Eng- 
 of infpeAor of the 
 very troublefome as 
 mod of his anions 
 in England again in 
 nd at the end of the 
 be colony narrowly; 
 xt winter, — and in 
 1681, * with a corn- 
 appointing him col- 
 ircher of the cuftoms 
 de/ired the counte- 
 the General Court ; 
 ig flighted, he gave 
 ce by fetting up an 
 townrhouie, which, 
 down, he imputed 
 Court. 
 
 ed from the King in 
 
 negleA of fending 
 
 tiring a compUanCe 
 
 er receipt, the Court 
 
 proceeded 
 
 le made of his fervices to 
 he vifited New-Englanl 
 
 NE W.ENGLAND. 99 
 
 proceeded to appoint Mefl*. Stoughton and 
 
 Nowell to the fervlce ; but they abfolutely 
 
 refiifed to undertake it : and the choice of 
 
 others was delayed. At length, their good 
 
 friend Randolph brought another letter 
 
 from the King, dated October 21, 1681, 
 
 complaining, ** That the,colJedor had not 
 
 ** been, able to execute his office to any ef- 
 
 '* fe€t i . . . that he had been obliged to 
 
 <* depofit money before he could bring an 
 
 " aftion againft ofiimders ; that appeals,, in 
 
 " matters reiating^to the revenue, had been 
 
 " refufed/* &c. wherefore, it was required, 
 
 " that fit perfbns be fent over without delay, 
 
 *< to anfwer thefe complaints, with powers 
 
 " to fubmit to fuch regulations of govern- 
 
 " ment as his Majefty fliould think fit, . « . 
 
 '( and that appeals be allowed." The Court 
 
 anfwered, <* That Mr. Randolph was ac- 
 
 " knowledged coUedtor} . . . that they would 
 
 ** require no depofit for the future ; but, as 
 
 ** to admitting appeals, they hoped it would 
 
 « be further confid^red."— .^.—There were 
 
 other charges in the King's letter, but of lefs 
 
 E 2 moment. 
 
 iBTiiiii'ifri' 
 
 S^>^-- ■-"■I'v;-^ *■ ■-->^; »*^. 
 
m^ I 
 
 lop NEW-ENGLAND. 
 
 ntomeht, and the Cour^^ pofitivcly denied 
 them. 
 
 The iAifhediate appointment of agents 
 was refolved upon by a Court called in Fe- 
 bttjary, 1 69 1-2, when Meff. t)udley and 
 Richan-ds werechofen: they failed May 31, 
 and' a faft wa» ordered to be obferved thi-o* 
 the colony, on June 22, to pray for their 
 fuccefs, and the prefervation of the charter. 
 Randolph followed the agents, to be at hand, 
 in oriScr to publiih every Wiing they might 
 wi(h to conceal. 
 
 With refpeft to the King's rcquifition, 
 that th<^ {hould inveft their agents with 
 power to fubmit to regulations of govern- 
 ment, every one plainly fifefctivfed th'at the 
 power meiHt waa that of fiirrertdeting the 
 charter: neverthclcfs the GotirC Veiled (<ir 
 rather were willing to rely) on his Majefty*s 
 repeated declarations in favour of it j and, 
 thereto, diredfed the ageHfs riot to cbnfent 
 to ahy thirty which ftould^VlSlate the privi- 
 leges grahtid, or the government eliAblifh'ed, 
 tlwrcby. Soon after the agents had been 
 heard before the Council, they received 
 
 commands 
 
 CO 
 
 ftr 
 of 
 ap 
 as 
 
 ne 
 th 
 er 
 H 
 
 G 
 
 at 
 £ 
 h 
 f< 
 n 
 
 ■■^_ 
 
 •mma 
 
■^^r* 
 
 101 
 
 GLAND. 
 
 ^ pofitively denied 
 
 intment of agents 
 Court called in Fe- 
 MefT. budley and 
 hey failed May 31, 
 I be obfervcd thb* 
 to pray for their 
 tion of the charter. 
 {ents» to be at hand, 
 (^ tfjing they might 
 
 King's requilition, 
 
 their agents with 
 
 ilations of govern- 
 
 lifercfeivfed th^t the 
 >f fiirretidcrin^ the 
 e Gotirfi relied (<Jr 
 Iy)onhrs Majefty's 
 favour of it j and, 
 3;ejits not^o coiifent 
 d Violate the privi- 
 Jfrtttient e{^4blifh"cd, 
 e agents had been 
 icil, they received 
 commands 
 
 N E W-ENGL AN D. 
 commands to deliver their powers and in- 
 ftruftions to Sir Lionel Jenkins, Secretary 
 of State, for his private perufal j when it 
 appearing, that they were by no means fuch 
 as had been required. Lord Radnor ac- 
 quainted the agents, that the Council had, 
 »m. con. agreed to report to his Majefty, 
 that, unkfs they forthwith o1>tainad powers 
 enabling them to fatisfy in all points, a ^0 
 WMmtito ftiould proceied. 
 
 To a reprefcmtation of thie nbow to the 
 General Court, the agents added as well an 
 account of the fubmifllon of many cities in 
 England, as the determmation on the ^0 
 Warranto iffued agamft the city of London 
 for refuting to furrender \ that the Coart 
 might be the better enabled to judge what 
 ftep would be nioft propc»to take at ib im- 
 portant a crifis.<-«-The inhabitants at large 
 were confulted j whw it appeared to be the 
 general qptnitxi, that **it was better to die 
 *« by the hands of others than by their owti :" 
 and the agents WCre confequently inftruAed 
 to mok^ no conct^om of any priviteges 
 
 :'n ;:'r'iJ .'iunt--' 
 
 B3 
 
 w4iidi 
 
 ^ 
 
 ■A'-f ■*"""•' ^^''' 
 
 Miitai 
 
 J 
 
/ 
 
 / 
 
 102 NE W.ENGLAND. 
 
 which the. colony enjoyed by virtue of their 
 charter. 
 
 This refolution was no fboner known in 
 England than a ^o Warranto was ordered 
 to go againft the charter ; and Randolph 
 was the appointed " meflenger of death." 
 The bufinefs of the agents, therefore, being 
 at an end, they left England, and arrived at 
 fiofton on the 2gd of O^ober, 1683: and a 
 few days after arrived alfo Randolph, armed 
 with the above-mentioned writ, and 200 
 copies of the proceedings againft the charter 
 of London, to be difper(ed through the co- 
 lony, by advice of the Privy Council. How- 
 ever, thefe inftruments^f terror were accom- 
 panied by a conciliatory declaration from the 
 King, to the following purport : «* That, if 
 " the colony, befgre profecution, would make 
 " full fu1)miiIion and entire refignation to his 
 »* pleafure, his Majefty would regulate their 
 ,« charter for his fervice and their good, and 
 » with no fui!ther alterations than fliould be 
 •« nectflary for the fuppcvt of his govern- 
 " ment there.'*-<-Ia diipair*of any fuccefs 
 lixqm refiftance, the Governor and major 
 
 part 
 
 j^ 
 
'•»*^" 
 
 N G L A N D. 
 
 »ycd by virtue of their 
 
 IS no fboner known in 
 Warranto was ordered 
 arter} and Randolph 
 ' mefTenger of death." 
 ;ents, therefore, being 
 ngland, and arrived at 
 Odober, i68^:and a 
 alfo Randolph, armed 
 ioned writ, and 200 
 ings againft the charter 
 perfed through the co- 
 Privy Council. How- 
 K of terror were accom- 
 y declaration from the 
 I purport : •* That, if 
 rofecution, would make 
 ;ntire resignation to his 
 ;y would regulate their 
 ce and their good, and 
 rations than fhould be 
 ipport of his govern- 
 dliipair*of any fuccefs 
 Governor and major 
 part 
 
 NEW-ENGLAND. 103 
 
 part of the Affiftants, on the 15th of No- 
 vember, 1683, pafled a fubmiflivc vote in- 
 deed, in which are the following paflagcs •, 
 " That, upon a ferious confidetation of his 
 '* Majefty's gracious intimations, ... in his 
 '• late declaratbn . . . . wc will not prefume 
 " to contend with his Majefty in a courfe 
 «• of law, but humbly lay ourfelves at his 
 «• Majcfty*8 feet, in a fubmiflion to his plea- 
 ♦'fure fo declared," &c. &c. " The ma- 
 " giftrates have pafled this with reference to 
 " the confent of their brethren the Deputies 
 
 " thereto." 
 
 The Deputies, how,ever, after a fortnight's 
 ferim cen/ideration, wire of a difftrent opi* 
 nion, and, on the 30th of November, with 
 reference to the vote of their brethren the ma- 
 giftrates, laconically declared as follows: 
 « The Deputies confent not, but adhere to 
 » their former bills."— A letter of aittorney 
 was thdTicfore fent to, Mr. Humphreys, «mt 
 powering him to appear and anfwer for the 
 colony i and fcveral addrefles were fuccef- 
 fivcly prefented J but all in vain, judgment 
 being entered up agaioft thwr charter, in 
 E 4 J"'*^ 
 
 ■1 itij 
 
 jtett'-'nT "I .i' 
 
I04 NE W.ENGLAND. 
 
 June 1684, through default, but AibjeA, 
 ncverthelefs, to this refervation, that, if the 
 colony appeared the firft day of the enfuing 
 Michaelmas term, and pleaded to iflue, fo 
 as to -take notice of trial to be had that 
 feme term, then the faid judgment to be 
 iet afide^ otherwife the fame was to (land 
 recorded. Hence, in September, a Scire 
 Facias was received at Bofton by Mr. Dud* 
 ley, and laid before a fpecial Court ; but 
 ftiiothef addrefs was all the aniWcr Attempt- 
 ed ) for the time ap{>ointed for their appear- 
 ance at Weftminfter was elapfed before the 
 writ was received \ and, indeed, further time 
 having been applied for in Vain, the judg- 
 ment before entered up againft their charter 
 flood recorded. 
 
 Similar requifitlons of fubmifHon had 
 been (ent alfo to the colonies of ConneAi- 
 euC fthd Rhode-Iflftnd, and complied with 
 to the futt^tisfadlioR of Charles II. who, 
 a« we have fc«n above, was jealous enough 
 of, authority : nevcrthcleft, under James II. 
 on July 15, 1685, an order was made in 
 Council for the- Attorney* Qeneral to bring 
 
 writs 
 
3r 
 
 '*^"w^.«'r:, ''??"•'. 
 
 M G L A N D. 
 
 default, but fubjea, 
 Nervation, that, if the 
 irft day of the enAiing 
 d pleaded to iAlie, (o 
 trial to be had that 
 faid judgment to be 
 le fame was to ftand 
 n September, a Scire 
 '. Boftoh by Mr. Dud> 
 fpeeial Court! but 
 II the an(Wcr Attempt- 
 tinted for their appear- 
 vas elapfed before the 
 d» indeed, further time 
 'or in vain, the judg- 
 ip agamft their charter 
 
 t of fubmidlon had 
 colonies of ConneAi- 
 ), and complied with 
 : of Charles II. who, 
 r, was jealous enough 
 leleft, under James II. 
 an order was made in 
 mey*Qeneral to bring 
 writs 
 
 N E W - E N G L A N D. 105 
 
 writs of ^ H^arrMto againft both their 
 charters. •— An offer was kindly made to 
 Conoedicut of being annexed either to the 
 colony of MaiTachufets-bay or New- York. 
 The people importuned for the continuance 
 of their privileges \ but, if they muft lofe 
 their chu-ter, they choie to be annexed to 
 the Maflachufets. This was conftrued a 
 furrender. 
 
 But, notwithftanding the fubmiifionof the 
 colonies of ConneAicut ^and Rhode-Iiland, 
 and the adlual disfranchifeaunt of MaiTachu- 
 fets-bay, they feverally continued, though in 
 a feeble manner, to exercife their former 
 powers of government In May, however, 
 1686, a comminion was received at Bofton, 
 empowering Mr. Dudley as Prefident, and 
 fcveral gentlemen of the Council, to a/Tume 
 the government of Maflachufet's-bay. This 
 adminiftration was unimportant and (hort*, 
 for in December following arrived Sir Ed- 
 mund Andros, ds Governor of New-Eng- 
 land} fo that the colonies of ConneAicut 
 and Rhode-lfland, which poiTibly expedted 
 > better things, after bowing fo low to Cefar, 
 
 E 5 now 
 
 '"tlNi 
 
 iiVtife.. 
 
io6 NE W.ENGLAND. 
 
 now r«w the fame fcourge held over them, 
 with which the refroAory Maflkchufett were 
 to be chaftifcd. The arbitrary difpofition of 
 Sir Edmund was well known : and, though a 
 little retrained at firft, foon broke out to the 
 fore grievance of the people. The Gover- 
 nor, and four or five of hit Council, impofed 
 what taxes they pleafed i and amongft vari- 
 ous other maxims equally prepofterous, it 
 was broached, that the people's convey- 
 ances were not according to the laws of 
 England, and that, upon the annihilation of 
 their charters, their former titles ceafed, or, 
 according to a quaint expreffion then in 
 vogue, "The calf died in the cow's belly:" 
 fo that there was a neceflity of their taking 
 out new grants or titles, which was not to 
 be done but at high rates and exorbitant 
 fees. 
 
 It is by no means extraordinary, that the 
 glomes fliould take the firft favourable op- 
 portunity of delivering themfelves from 
 thefe oppreillons. Such the Maflachufets 
 thought prefented itielf on the arrival at 
 Bofton of the joyful news of the Revolution 
 
 in 
 
 a*iiiii Mliitfwiifelg, 
 
^^Wft'l JP**v 
 
 '.»?,, 
 
 ^■I" 
 
 POLAND. 
 
 }urge held over them, 
 ;ory Mafltchufets were 
 trbitnry difpofition of 
 cnown: and, chough a 
 foon broke out to the 
 people. The Gover- 
 »f hii Council, impoTed 
 
 el and amongft vari- 
 illy prepofterous, it 
 the people'a convey- 
 irding to the laws of 
 pen the annihilation of 
 jrmer titles ceafed, or, 
 nt expreflion then in 
 ed in the cow's belly:" 
 Bceffity of their taking 
 ities, which was not to 
 ; rates and exorbitant 
 
 extraordinary, that the 
 the firft favourable op- 
 ring themfelves from 
 Such the Maflachufets 
 :(elf on the arrival at 
 news of the Revolution 
 in 
 
 NEW-ENGLAND. 107 
 in England. The fmothercd flame of their 
 indignation now burft outj on Apnl 16, 
 1689, they fuddenly rofe, and made prifon- 
 ers of the moft obnoxious of their tyrani.:., 
 ing rulers, and forced Sir Edmund to fur- 
 render himfelf and the fort. * This coup 
 de main was ftruck by the gteat body of the 
 people, without any previous propofal of it 
 to thfr leading men of the place \ fome of 
 whom, however, feeing matters carried to 
 fuch a height, thought it prudent to form 
 themfelves into " a council for the fafety of 
 " the people, and confervation of the 
 " peace," and recommended to the differ- 
 ent towns an eledlion of reprefentatives to 
 compofe an afTembly. Thefe being met, it 
 was agreed, that the Governor, Deputy- 
 Governor, Council, &c. faft chofcn before 
 Dudley's adminiftration, fhould take upon 
 them rcfpeftively the part they had borne 
 
 in 
 
 Sir Edmupd wai afterwards fent for to England, 
 to anfwer certain charges of iiial-adminiftralion,, he, 
 on the other hand, recriminated On the coJony on ac- 
 count of the infutreflion ; the whole, however, wa». 
 bufhed^up. . « 
 
io8 NEW-ENGLAND. 
 
 in the govefntnent under the charter, (of 
 which, neverthelefs, they dilclaimed the re- 
 allUmption,) until orders (hould be received 
 from England -, and foon after, they vftn 
 authorized to *' continue, in the Kite's 
 <^ name, their care in the adhiiniftration" 
 of public affairi, until his Majefty fliould 
 give ** direftions for the more orderly Kettle* 
 «*ment'* thereof. 
 
 The colonies of Connefticut and Rhode- 
 Iflaod, upon receiving informatiofi of the 
 overthrow of the Governor, re-afTumed tHeir 
 charters, in the enjoyment of which they 
 were fuffered to continue by the new mo- 
 narch, no judgment having been given 
 ag^nft them. The people of New-Ply- 
 mouth, alio, fe-eftabliflied their old confti- 
 tiitibn, and preferved it till they were in- 
 corporated with their neighbours the Mafla- 
 chufets. 
 
 The Indians on the north- raftem fron- 
 tiers rmwed, in 1688, their lavages and^ 
 nvprder^^ and<the,Penicook Indians, oti 
 Merrintak river,' treacheroufly broke the 
 peace alfo in the fpring of the year v6Sg. 
 
 Thefe 
 
 \mifim iXiiisUiiYuA 
 
ENGLAND. 
 
 ent under the charter, (of 
 efs, ^ey diiclaimed the re- 
 il orders (hould be received 
 
 and foon after, they ivere 
 *' continue, in the King*s 
 :are in the adMiniftration" 
 until his Majefty fhould 
 I for the more onierly fettle- 
 f. 
 
 of ConneAicut and Rhode- 
 ceiving information of the 
 ; Governor, re-alTumed tHeir 
 
 enjoyment of which they 
 continue by the new mo- 
 lament having been given 
 The people of New-Ply- 
 •eftabliflied their old confti- 
 ferved it till they were in-- 
 their neighbours the Mafla- 
 
 on the north- raftem fron- 
 n 1688, their ravages and 
 IhA. ^jPenicook Indians, on 
 ', treacheroufly broke the 
 
 fpring of the year rSB^. 
 Thefe 
 
 N E W - E N G L A N D. 109 
 
 Thefe favages being inftigated and fup- 
 ported by the French in Canada aivi Nova 
 Scotia, the Government, a3 foon as the 
 late difturbances afforded leifure, formed 
 a deffgn of carrying the war into thofe 
 terrieories. Eight finall vefTels, therefore, 
 with /or 800 men, under the command 
 
 failed for Port- 
 Royal 
 
 of Sir William Phips, • 
 
 * Sir William Piup« had becm a favouHte of For- 
 tune. He wa» born at Pemaquid, in 1650, and kept 
 fhtep there till the 1 8th year of his age, when he was 
 apprenticed to a fliip-carpentcr. I&ving compleatcd 
 hit fervitude, he fet up ; but hi* inclination foon led 
 him to a fea-faring life, wherein he was lucky enough 
 to gain intelligence of a Spanish wreck near the Baha- 
 ma Iflanda, of which he gave fo flattering an accoiint 
 in England, that h« was fent out in a King's (kip (the 
 Algier Rore) in fearch of it : but failed, and the Go- 
 vernment d'dined totnake a fecond trial. However, 
 fo fanguine were the hopes of Sir William, who attri- 
 buted his late niifcarriage to the impatience of his 
 crew, that the Duke of Albemarle was induced to 
 equip a veflel foi^ another attempt. Accordingly, Sir 
 William failed, found the much-coveted objeA, and 
 fiAed up gold, filv'er, &c. &c. to the value of30o,t>ooK 
 whereof 16,0901. fell to his own fliare; and the 
 Duke, by wfiy of gratuity, made his lady a prefent 
 of a golden cup worth looot. The courtiers advifed 
 the Klitg to feize the treafure; but hit Majefty re- 
 
 jeded 
 
 jiliKfrTimil' 
 
no NEW-ENGLAND. 
 
 Royal (fince called Annapolis) the then chief 
 fortrefs. of Nova Scotia, on the 28th of 
 April, 1690. The place furrendered with- 
 out refiftance j and Sir William having taken 
 poflTeffion of the whole fea-coaft from thence 
 to the New- England fettleroents, returned 
 on the 30th of May. 
 
 This fuccefs infpired the Maflachufets 
 with the hopes even of the conqueft of Ca- 
 nada, efpecially as Connedicut and New- 
 York engaged to join in the undertaking. 
 Afliftanfie had alfo been (blicited from Eng- 
 land, and, very unadvifedty, the beft part 
 ofthefumtaerwasfpent in waiting for it. 
 The fleetmuftered for the purpofc confifted 
 of between 30 and 40 veiTels, and the men 
 amounted to about 2000, with Sir William 
 Phips at their head: this armament was 
 deftined to make a defcent on Quebec •» 
 whilft a ftrong corps^ raifed by Connedicut 
 ... '-, • '. *nd 
 
 jt&ci tbeir propofti, retoning^^ tfcatit was owing to 
 their pHfiUaniiiiotts coanfels he was h6t the legal 
 owjjer of iti and, •» « «»ik of approbation of Sir 
 William's conduct, conferred on him the hoaour of 
 knighthood. « , : 
 
 at 
 
 M 
 
 in 
 £ 
 
 P< 
 to 
 
 C 
 
 P< 
 
 an 
 
 m 
 
 bj 
 1'. 
 
 fai 
 Ml 
 
 ha 
 
 rel 
 
 « 
 
 i< 
 
 II 
 
 II 
 
 (I 
 
 ii|-'ir'-iiiira 
 
 ■-*- ■^'*-*-' 
 
N G L A N D. 
 
 nnapolis) the then chief 
 otia, on the 28th of 
 place furrendered with- 
 r William having taken 
 le fea-coaft from thence 
 i fettlements, renamed 
 
 ired the Maflachufets 
 of the conqueft of Ca> 
 l^onneAicut and New- 
 n in the undertaking. 
 »n (blicited from Eng- 
 Ivifedly, the beft part 
 jent in waiting for it. 
 or the purpoie coniifted 
 |.o veflelst and the men 
 tooo, with Sir William 
 I: this armajnent was 
 defcent on Quebec ^ 
 y raifed by Connedicut 
 and 
 
 QTiiog't. iiaiit was owing to 
 itreis he was h6t the legal 
 mark of approbation of Sir 
 xrcd on him the honour of 
 
 NEW-ENGLAND. m 
 
 and NeW'York, were to march over land 
 and attack Montreal, with a view of divid- 
 ing the French forces. 
 
 Defpairing, at length, of fuccours from 
 England, the fleet failed on the 9th of Au- 
 guft i but contrary winds retarded its ap- 
 pearance before Quebec till the 5th of Oc- 
 tober. Sir William next morning fent 
 Count Frontenac, the Governor, a ppm- 
 pous.fummons to fiirrender, but received 
 an infolent * rffufid. An attempt was 
 made to lan4 on the 7th, but fruftrated 
 by the wind. On the 8th between 12 and 
 1300 (all the e£fedUve) men were landed, 
 but in diforder, the French and Indians 
 
 firing 
 
 * Count Frbnteiiac was fo enrr.ged at Sir Wiiiiam's 
 fanunons in the name of King William and Queenr 
 Maiy, tlia| he was with difficulij reftrained from 
 hanging the officer who carried it. The anfwer he 
 returned was a* follows : — " That Sir William P^ips 
 " and thofe with him were heretics, and traitori to 
 " their King, and had talten up with that ofarper 
 " the Prince of Orange, and had made a revoIutiOQ, 
 " which, if it had not been made, New-^Bngtand and 
 " the French had been all one ; and that no other an- 
 " fwer was to be expeQed from him, but what ihould 
 " be from the mouth of his cannon." 
 
 mm 
 
 itfiiriiirf1inrr"'tt'-'^'^-^' 
 
'm;^!?*^ 
 
 **5»yr7 
 
 u 
 
 \ 
 
 112 NEW-pN GLAND. 
 
 firing upon them from the woods : the fliips 
 were drawn up the next d«y bdfere die town, 
 but (the largeft carrying only 44 guns) xlid 
 not fo much damage to the enemy as they 
 received. The troops on flwrc made very 
 little progrefs, receiving from a deicrter an 
 account of the ftrength of the Frendi, which 
 he reprefented to be very great. To re- 
 treat was preferable to adling on the defen- 
 five merely ; whijch, as it is pretended, was 
 all that could be done in the fituation they 
 then were; the troops, therefore, re-embark- 
 ed on the I ith, and that with precipitation. 
 At a council of war the next day, it was 
 agreed to make another attack ; but tem- 
 peftuous weather coming on, difperfed the 
 feet, and left no hope but that of returning 
 fafeto Bofton, where -Sir William arrived 
 On the 19th of November. Some of the 
 (hips were driven to the Weit'Indies, one 
 loft on the ifland of Antieofti, and two or 
 thrde never heard of again. According to 
 Sir William's account, no more than 30 
 men were killed by the enemy } but nnm' 
 bers died of the fmall-pox and camp difiaafe: 
 
 the 
 
 laiiimiiifag iidiirfti'iijn 
 
GLAND. 
 
 the woods: the (hips 
 ; d«y before the town, 
 ig only 44 gxins) did 
 9 the enemy is they 
 on ftiore ma^e -very 
 ig from a deierter an 
 of the French, which 
 vefy great. To re- 
 ading on the defen> 
 s it is pretended, was 
 in the Situation they 
 therefore, re-embark- 
 lat with precipitation. 
 he next day, it was 
 er afebtek ; but tem- 
 Ing on, difperfed the 
 : but that of returning 
 ^Sir WiUiam arrived 
 imber. Some of the 
 the Weft-Indies, one 
 kntieofti, and two or 
 again. According to 
 t, no more than 30 
 6 enemy ; but nam' 
 pox and camp difeftfe: 
 the 
 
 NEW-ENGLAND. 113 
 
 the whole lofs about 200, betides thofe who 
 periflied by fhipwreck. Mr. Walley, who 
 commanded the forces that landed, was 
 cenfuced by individuals, but he was never 
 called to account by authority. However 
 remiCs he might be, it is giei^erally allowed, 
 that the expedition failed chiefly from the 
 Ucenefs of the feafon, and the unaccountable 
 conduA of the New. York and Connedlicut 
 corps, which," 'ti* true, fipt off on their pro- 
 pof^d march, but returned without even 
 reaching the place of their deftination } fo 
 that Frontenac reierved his whole force for 
 the defence of Qpebcc 
 
 On the retyro of the Jccl^ the fbldters 
 were pre^Bli^ibr their pay, which the Go- 
 vernment were as totally unprovided to give 
 themi» M if they had fully depended upon 
 the fpoils of t;he eiMmy for that purpo£q. 
 Hpiwi;v«r, they paflM aM f^ for Uyyiitg the 
 requifite fun) 1 but ^ n^en WQMld not wait 
 the time neceflary to bring it inU> the tresr 
 fury, and betrayed ftrong fymptoms of a 
 mutinous inclination. Fram thta dilemmR 
 originated the iflubg of bills of credit, as a 
 
 fubftitute 
 
 ■tfk 
 
 iir«ffriliiiii 
 
»■' W^',»^ 
 
 114 NEW-ENGLAND. 
 
 fubftitute for cafti. The foldicrs demands 
 were difcharged by notes, from 2S. to lol. 
 value i which were to be received in pay- 
 ment of the tax about to be levied, &c. 
 But though Sir William Phips is faid to 
 have exchanged a large fum at par, to give 
 thcfc notes credit, the foldicrs could pafs 
 them for no more than 12 or 148. in the 
 pound, yet by the time the taxes were to 
 be paid, the notes had gradually rifen to 
 above par, being for that purpofe belter 
 than fpcde, by reafon of the Government's 
 allowing five per cent, difcount. 
 
 During the expedition to Port Royal, the 
 Indians made tRemfelves matters of Cafco 
 fQrt, and took 100 perfons prifoners : but 
 whilft the e^tnt of that to Canada was un* 
 known, they generdiy feemcd difpofed to a 
 truce} itnd one waa agreed to on Nov. 9, 
 to cohtinuc till May 1, 169^1, when a lafting 
 peace was to beeftabllflied: but, as foon as 
 the truce wafe expired, the Indians, inftead 
 of attending, according to appointment, for 
 fettling the conditions, recommenced boftili- 
 
 tmm 
 
MKr- 
 
 rrrr- 
 
 ""^ 
 
 >f G L A N D. 
 
 ^hc foldiers demands 
 tcs, from 2s. to lo!. 
 
 be received in pay- 
 ut to be levied, &c. 
 am Phips is faid to 
 ;e Aim at par, to give 
 e foldiers could pafs 
 tn 12 or 149. in the 
 le the taxes were to 
 id gradually rifen to 
 r that purpofe better 
 
 of the Government's 
 
 difcount. 
 
 ion to Port Royal, the 
 slves mafters of Cafco 
 perfons prifoners : but 
 hat to Canada was un* 
 y feemed difpofed to a 
 Igreed to on Nov. 9, 
 I, 169^1, when a lafting 
 tlUhtd: but, asfoonas 
 f, the Indians, inftead 
 ng to appointment, for 
 s, recommenced hoftili- 
 ties 
 
 NEW-ENGL AND. 
 
 "5 
 
 ties with redoubled fury, flaughter, and de- 
 vaftation. 
 
 Notwithftanding the mifcarriage of his 
 late expedition. Sir William Phips was ftill 
 bent on the redudion of Canada; and de- 
 termined to apply per/bnally to the crown 
 for afliftance. He arrived in England in 
 the beginning of the year 1691, and repre- 
 fented his propofed undertaking in the moft 
 flattering point of view : but, at that junc- 
 ture. King William found it nece/Tary to 
 employ all the men and money he could 
 raife in defending himfelf 'againft the 
 French. 
 
 In the mean time the Maflkchtifets were 
 foliciting by agents a reftoration of their bid 
 charter i but feon found themfelves not 
 likely to fucceed in that point, as well from 
 the King's own fentiments, as from the ir- 
 guihents. urged agkinll it by the enemies of 
 the co^oHy, who imputed all its prefent dif- 
 trefles to the old bad platform of govern- 
 ment. A diflference of opinion arofe among 
 the agents : one of Whom (Mr. Mather) was 
 
 inclined, 
 
 
 ..■■i 
 
_,„»BWt ,ir^ *»-■-■-*<<«> ^ 
 
 ,,6 NE\V-ENGl.AND. 
 
 inclined, ancc little hope remained of reco- 
 vering the old one, to petition for a new 
 charter, referving as many of the old privi- 
 leges as poOtblc, w*^^ the other two (Meff. 
 Cooke and Oakei) would have the old char- 
 ter, ornone- Howjvcr, P;^Ice8 fo far re- 
 laxed as to join with Mather in petitioning 
 for a new charter, which, after many difap- 
 pointmcnts j^nd crofles, the ftfcnuous perfe- 
 verance p/ the latter at length obtained. 
 
 We have mentioned that the coloniet of 
 Conneaicut and Rhodc-lfland re-affumed 
 their charters on the revolution in Maffa- 
 chufet*8 bay. Plymouth never had any j 
 and the prefeot was judged a proper oppor- 
 tvnity to frpply the defeft of their cooftitu- 
 tion in that refpeefc. The colony, therefore, 
 made tppUcation to the crown for a char- 
 . ten ^^^ »^^*» not duly f^pported, the in- 
 teftine di^entions among, the people pre- 
 venting tijeir raifirtg.a, fund fu<gcient for 
 thepurpofc. The defi^n at co^rt was, to 
 annex that colony either to New-York or, 
 MaOwhufcts-bay. J^.Wifwal, agent for 
 
 tne 
 
 i-*?. 
 
r G L A N D. 
 
 ape remained pf reco- 
 to petition for a new 
 wny of the old privi- 
 th« other two (Meff. 
 wld have the old ^har- 
 rcr, p;»kc8 fo far re- 
 Mather in petitioning 
 ich, after maiiy difap. 
 8, the ftrenupu^ perfe- 
 ct length obtained, 
 icd that the coloniee of 
 ode-lfland re-tfliimed 
 I revolution in Maffa- 
 auth never had anyj 
 uda^cd « proper oppor- 
 defeft of their conftitu- 
 The colony, therefore, 
 I the crown for a char- 
 dvly {»»pported* the in- 
 nf»ong, the people pre- 
 g a^fund fufpcien^ for 
 iefign at coi^rt was, to 
 iither to New-York or, 
 
 N|r, Wifwal, agent for 
 
 ■■"■•■'■■■ • ■ ■■ ■ jj^^ 
 
 NEW-ENGLAND. il; 
 
 the colony, imprudently multiplying excep- 
 tions to the propofa) of joining it to the lat- 
 ter (though with the view of obtaining t fe- 
 parate charter) difgufted the miniftry, and 
 occafioned it& incorporation with New- York. 
 This could not but prove, to the laft 
 degree, dilTatisfaftory to the New Plymo- 
 theans, on feveral accounts, but efpecially 
 as the two territories were near 300 miles 
 afunder : and Mr. Mather, knowing them 
 to*have a predile^on in favour of Mafla- 
 chufets-bay, if a feparate charter could not 
 be obtained, very difcreetly interfered, and 
 procured the colony's being ftruck out of 
 the New- York charter, and inferted in that 
 of the Maflachufets,* the fubftance of which 
 we (hall now lay before (he reader. 
 
 The new charter annexes to the former 
 colony of Maflachufets-bay, the ancient 
 
 colony 
 
 * Tinr^;iMiai««tnct4 Mfk-vtlMoiiirof ibiV akenit.it>n : 
 " Thecullotns, luanncn, and religious ppini9ps of the 
 " two cotoiires being niuch the Tame; ihej^ Inatually 
 " conlider theaifeives as having one joint generai in- 
 " tcreft, as fully in all refpeSi as if they bad been Ode 
 " colony from the beginning." 
 
 A 
 
 ;-iiiri'ii,<Viiim 
 
 mtm 
 
 misasaam 
 
 ^"^^-^-^^^^^^ 
 
irt NEW-ENGLAND, 
 colony of New-Plymouth, the Proviaces of 
 Main and Nova-Scotia, and the country 
 lying between Main and Nova-Scotia (Sa- 
 gadahok) as far north as the river St. Lau- 
 rence-, alfo the Elizabeth Mands, and the 
 iflands Nantucket and Martha's Vineyard, 
 &c. and incorporating th? whole into one 
 province, by the name of the Province of 
 Maffachufets-bay, in New'-England. The 
 quit-rent to be a fifth part of all gold, filvcr, 
 and precious ftones, which may be fousjd 
 there. Lands, hereditaments, &c. formerly 
 granted by any General Court, to be con- 
 firmed. The Governor, Lieutenant-Go- 
 vernor, and Secretary, to be in the King's 
 Ibunation. A General Court or Aflira- 
 '^ £o be convened the ?tft Wednefilay in 
 May yearly, confifting 6»- th« Governor. 
 Council, and RepreTentatives of the towns, 
 not exceeding two for each town v fhe 
 qualification for an eledor 40s. freehold, or 
 5ol;«terling peHbnal eftate. TlftJ General 
 Aifcmbly • to Hiia 18^ counfcUors, viz. 18 
 
 % It became marter «f doabt whethet the Council 
 ( wiko were part of »he General AlTembly) were entitled 
 
 • iigaft^aiiafea *'--'H'''^.^^iii 
 
■-n ' ^HU. 
 
 J G L A N D. 
 ith, the Provinces of 
 a, and the country 
 md Nov»-Scoti» (St- 
 as the river St. Lau- 
 eth Iflands, and the 
 Martha's Vineyard, 
 g th9 whole into one 
 le of the Province of 
 New-England. The 
 part of all gold, filvcr, 
 which may be fous)d 
 taments, &c. formerly 
 ral Court, to be con- 
 «mor, Lieutcnant-Go- 
 y, to be in the King's 
 icral Court or Aflira- 
 the hit Wednefday in 
 ing <v the .Governor, 
 mtativea of the towns, 
 for each town j |he 
 ledor 408. freehold, or 
 il-eftate. The General 
 zir cotinfcUoi^ viz. 18 
 from 
 
 ■ i 
 
 ■ doubt wheihet the Council 
 loenl Aflcaibly) were Mtiilet* 
 
 to 
 
 NEW-ENGLAND. ,19 
 
 from the old colony of Maflachufets-bay, 
 four from that of Plymouth, three from the 
 Province of Main, one from the territory 
 of Sagadahok, and two at large ^ whereof 
 fcven at leaft to make a board. The Go- 
 vernor, with confent of the Council, to ap- 
 point the officers in the courts of juftice. 
 All born in the province, or in the paflage 
 to and from it, to be deemed natural- bom 
 fubjeds of England. Liberty of confcience 
 to all Chriftians, except Papifts. • The 
 
 General 
 
 to votei in their own re-eleftion. The point wa» 
 politely agreed to be giren up by the firft Council , 
 but the perfon deputed to fignify their conceflion to 
 the Houfe of Reprefcntaiives, finding, on coming to 
 ihat aflemHy, that they were candidly putting that 
 very queftion to the vote, waited the refult, which 
 preved to be, that the members of one Council fiioulJ 
 have voices in chufing the next : which privilege they 
 have ever fince enjoyed. 
 
 • There is no exprefs provifion for an ecclefiafticai 
 conftitution. Some time after the new ch^ter, a great 
 pan of the church and inhabitants of Silem village 
 peiitioned theCeneral Court to srppoint an ecclefiafti- 
 "i council to fettle a eontroverfy.with Mr. Paris, 
 .'hs niinifter, but the Court refufed.— Synods were 
 occafiunaliy called under the old chorter. Some ftepa 
 
 were 
 
 ^k 
 
 
ff 
 
 ,jo NEW- ENGLAND. 
 G«,.r.» Alftmbl, M .onftlm.. judic..ori« 
 for .n ctufei criminrf or civ.1, «P>»> " 
 
 Council. In per fond .aion.. «««^'"B *' 
 
 value of 3O0I. (taling. •PP«»' " >■' "f': 
 ::*:n.4<i.y..ft.r3udgm«...to*.K^ng 
 
 in CouncU. but ««ot.on not W^- ' » 
 Genetd Afllmbly to m.ke U... but not « 
 ™gn.«t to thrfe of England,. ..ppointd^ 
 S?ioffic.,..«c.ptlng.h.offl«t,of.h. 
 
 ,»««. of iuffice .bove-mentioned 1 »na to 
 
 tiv. in .11 ^«»o «"«••"••• ^Xbiy 
 
 vented «»y f«rt«»" {'X'tionfe w« t firft •!«««''. 
 
 tte Hottfe WM obliged, after « long »• ws 
 fu^wUio. 
 
NGL AND. 
 
 conftitute judicttories 
 
 i\ or civil, cftpitfti or 
 of wills, »ndgWftting 
 se in the Governor and 
 1 aftions, exceeding the 
 ,g, appeal to be njade, 
 judgment, to the King 
 :ation not ftaid. The 
 make laws, but not re- 
 England i to appoint all 
 
 ting the officers of the 
 ove-mentloncd i nnd to 
 ifpofed of hy the Governor 
 
 Jovemor to have a nega- 
 
 eledlions.* All aAs of 
 
 Afferobly 
 
 I fynodmbout thirty year, after 
 d, bat a royal ioatuaion pre- 
 
 S'lioufe w« at firft *«*«!j' 
 ithout any notice to the Go- 
 year* after the prefe«t charter. 
 
 ;i:ihrofaotice.«iotildlJ,u.e^ 
 h ih« Ooternor, caufed hwo to 
 f «ei»i}ving the Spejk^. which 
 led, after « long fttuggW, w 
 
 
 NEW-ENGLAND. 121 
 
 Aflembly to b« ftnt, by the firft opportunity, 
 to the King in Council, k.t approbation : if 
 not difidbwed within three years after pre- 
 fentation, to continue io force until repoiJed 
 by the Aflenibly. T.ie Governor to com- 
 mand the militia, to ufe the law martial in 
 time of aAual war, to ere^ forts^ and demo, 
 lifli the fiime at pleafuret but the law martial 
 not to be ixeeuted without eanfimt »f the Coun- 
 di When there ta neither Gorernor nor 
 Lieutenant-Governor, the majority of the 
 Council to ad. The General Aflembly to 
 have full power of granting lands through- 
 oat the province, with this reftri^ion, no 
 grant of landis between Sagadaliok and St. 
 Laurence rivers to be valid without the 
 royal approbation. All trees fit foe 
 mafts, of 24 inches diameter and upwards, 
 twelve inches from the ground, growing on 
 land not before granted to any private pcr- 
 fons, to be referved to the crown ; penalty- 
 for cutting any fuch rcfcrved trees, lool. 
 fterling per tree. No fulijcft of Enjgland 
 to be debarred from fifhing on the fev 
 coflfts, creeks, &c. The converfion of the 
 P Indians 
 
sass 
 
 iBSBHI 
 
 w 
 
 <mtifmm 
 
 mum 
 
 fmmm0ll^ 
 
 ,11 NEW-ENGLAND. 
 Indians to be attempted — r-This charter 
 is dated Odkober 7, i6< 1. 
 
 Though the new charter exprefsly re- 
 ferved to the King the nomination of the 
 Governor, his M^efty allowied the agents, 
 or rather Mr. Mather, to make choice of 
 the firft, who fixed on Sir William Phips : 
 and on May 14, 1692, Sir William arrived 
 at Bofton, where the charter, whatever were 
 the fentiments of fome individuals, met with 
 general approbation. 
 
 This fcems to be the proper place for 
 laying before the reader an account of the 
 horrid perfecutions for witchcraft, which 
 have caft an indelible blot on the hiftory of 
 this country, and cannot be paralleled in 
 that of the whole world befides. 
 
 Witchcraft firft gained credit in New- 
 England about the year 1645 ; when feveral 
 perfons rcfiding at Springfield, upon Con- 
 nefticut river, were fuppofed to be poflcfled 
 by evil fpirits, and, among the reft, two of 
 the minifter's children. Many perfons were 
 charged with dealing with demons, and 
 great pains taken to prove them guilty, but 
 
 none 
 
 iji iiiiJ<iiMrriftii"i 
 
miimmmmmmmmmmftf 
 
 N G L A N D. 
 ipted.-- r— This charter 
 i6< I. 
 
 ir chi\rtcr exprefsly re- 
 the nomination of the 
 :fty allowied the agents, 
 er, to make choice of 
 on Sir William Phips : 
 92, Sir William arrived 
 ! charter, whatever were 
 me individuals, met with 
 
 I* 
 
 )C the proper place for 
 :ader an account of the 
 ( for witchcraft, which 
 le blot on the hiftory of 
 cannot be paralleled in 
 rorld befides. 
 gained credit in New- 
 year 1645; whenfeveral 
 Springfield, upon Con- 
 ; fuppofed to be poflcfled 
 , among the reft, two of 
 rcn. Many perfons were 
 ling with daemons, and 
 o prove them guilty J but 
 none 
 
 vimiiwi 
 
 ' j i j i' 
 
 NE W.ENGLAND. ,23 
 none were conviAed till 1650, when three 
 women fufFered death, one at Charleftown, 
 one at Dorchefter, and another at Cam- 
 bridge, declaring their innocence to the laft 
 moment. In 1655, Mrs. Hibbins, a coun- 
 
 fellor's widow, was hanged at BoAon In 
 
 1662, three women were executed at Hart- 
 ford, in ConneAicut From this time, 
 
 though many were fufpefted of being 
 witches, and ill-treated, none loft their 
 lives on that account till 1687 or 1688, 
 when four children of, John Goodwin, three 
 girls and a boy, in fiofton, having taken an 
 averfion to an old woman, one of the Wild 
 Iriftj, were all feized with fits. They pre- 
 tended to be tormented in various parts of 
 their bodie-j, .*o be deaf, dumb, and blind. 
 Sometimes their tongues hung out of their 
 mouths, at others would be drawn down 
 their throats; their jaws and all their joints 
 would appear to be diflocatcd, and then 
 they made moft horrible outcries of being 
 cntwith knives, beat, burnt, &c. Th?fe 
 complaints were never heard but in the day- 
 F 2 time ; 
 
U4 NEW-ENGLAND, 
 time; for all night the children flcpt quite 
 free from the leaft difturbance. The poor 
 old wretch, fixed on as the viftim of fuper- 
 ftition, was apprehended; and, notwith- 
 ftanding flie appeared difordered in her 
 fenfes, and nothing worfe could be proved 
 againft her than her having ufcd fome abu- 
 fivc language to the eldefk child, a girl of ^3 
 year* of age, f*»e was pronounced a witch, 
 and executed accordingly. 
 
 But in February, 16^1-2. commenced 
 the principal and left aft of this bloody 
 tragedy. A daughter and a niece of Mr. 
 Paris, the minifter of Salem village, girls 
 of ten or eleven years of age, and two other 
 'girls in the neighbourhood, made the fame 
 ibrt of complaints vhich Goodwin's children 
 had made two or three years before. The 
 phyficians, having no other way of account- 
 ing for the diforder, pronounced them be- 
 witched. An Indian woman, who was 
 brought into the country from New-Spain. 
 and then lived with Mr. Paris, tried fomc 
 experiments, to which flie pretended to have 
 been accuftomed in her own country, in 
 
 order 
 
 m 
 
•iw«"^rwfw 
 
 ".wiwwuai ii p p 
 
 GLAND, 
 children flept quite 
 irbancc. The poor 
 the viaimoffuper- 
 edi and, notwith- 
 difordered in her 
 fe could be proved 
 zing ufedfomcabu- 
 
 eftchad,agiflofi3 
 pronounced a witch, 
 
 1691'Zt commenced 
 
 aA of thi» bloody 
 
 and a niece of Mr. 
 
 Salem village, girls 
 
 »f age, and two other 
 
 tood, made the fame 
 
 :h Goodv»in*8 children 
 
 ! years before. The 
 
 other way of account- 
 
 )ronounced them be- 
 
 n woman, who was 
 
 utry from New-Spain, 
 
 Mr. Paris, tried fonie 
 
 (kt pretended to have 
 
 her own country, in 
 
 order 
 
 rw»i«5?j| 
 
 NEW-ENGLAND. 125 
 
 j>rder to find out the witch. This coming 
 to the childrens knowledge, they cried out 
 upon the poor Indian as appearing to them, 
 pinching, pricking, and tormenting them^ 
 and fell into fits. Tituba, which was the 
 Indian's name, acknowledged that fhe had 
 learnt how to find out a witch, but denied 
 that fhe was one herfclf. Several private 
 fafts were kept at the minifler's houfe, 
 feveral more publicly by the whole vlU 
 lage, and then a general fad through the 
 colony, h ftek to GmI to rtbuh Sstan^ &c. 
 So much notice takic.. of the children, toge- 
 ther with the compaffion exprefTed by thoTe 
 who vifited them, not only tended to con- 
 firm them in their defign, but to draw others 
 into the like. Accordingly, the number of 
 the complainants foon increafed, among 
 whom were two or three women, and fome 
 girls old enough to be witnefTes. Thefe had 
 their fits too, and, when in them, cried outk 
 not only againfl Tituba, but againft Sarah 
 Ofburn, a meUncholy, diflraded old Wo- 
 man, and Sarah Good, another old woman, 
 who was bed- ridden } infomuch that Tituba» 
 F 3 at 
 
 I'm i^atm 
 
126 NE W.ENGLAND. 
 
 at length, confcfled herfclf a witch, and 
 that the two old women were her confe- 
 derates ; whereupon they were all comnoit- 
 ted to prifon. Poor Tituba, upon fcarch, 
 was found to have fears upon her back, 
 which were called the devil's marks •, but 
 might as well have been fuppofed thofc of 
 her S^^nifh mafter. j 
 
 Scon after this, two women of good cha- 
 rafters, members cf the church, were com- 
 plained of as caufing the children to fall 
 into fits, and tormenting the mother of one 
 of them, and committed to prifon. Nay, 
 fuch Wui the rage of this unaccountable in- 
 fatuation, that an infant about four years 
 old, was fent to prifon alfo for biting fome 
 of the complainants. If the affiiSied^ w they 
 called thcmfelves, did but utter the name of 
 any perfon during their pretended torments, 
 that was fufficicnt accufation againft the 
 faireft charaAer. 
 
 This peftilent phrenzy increafing, a com- 
 miffion of Oyer and Terminer for the trial 
 of pcrfons accufed of witchcraft was opened 
 at Salem the firft week in June, 1692-, when 
 
 Bifhop 
 
w»^^wm " i .>l ) p.gp^ i .|>W)«i ^ f' t iium* 
 
 GLAND. 
 
 erfclf a witch, and 
 en were her confe- 
 !y were all comnoit- 
 ituba, upon fearch, 
 irs upon her back, 
 devil's marks-, but 
 1 fuppofed thofc of 
 
 women of good cha- 
 i church, were com- 
 the children to fall 
 ig the mother of one 
 ted to prifon. Nay, 
 his unaccountable in- 
 mt about four years 
 1 alfo for biting fome 
 \Ubeaffii£iedt as they 
 but utter the name of 
 r pretended torments, 
 ccufation againft the 
 
 tizy increafing, a com- 
 ferminer for the trial 
 witchcraft was opened 
 :in June, 1692-, when 
 Bifliop 
 
 NEW-ENGLAND. 127 
 
 Bilhop Biidget was put on her trial. She 
 had been charged with witchcraft 20 years 
 before, but cleared by her accufer's confcf- 
 fion of having charged her falfely : never- 
 thelefs, the neighbours imputing to her ma- 
 chinations all the loiTes they met with in 
 cattle and poultry, overfetting of their carts, 
 &c. and the afHi(f^ed and confefTing witches 
 teilifying what they had heard from the 
 fpedlres, and feen of her fpedtre, the poor 
 uld woman muft needs be a witch ftill \ and 
 being convidted, Aie was executed on the 
 loth of June.-— Having given an inftance 
 of their righteous judgment and mercy, the 
 Court adjourned to 
 
 June 30, at which feflion the following 
 -women were capitally convi(5led, Sarah 
 Good, Rebekah Nurfe, Sufannah Martin, 
 Elizabeth How, and Sarah Wilder.— Of 
 thefe none gave much trouble but Rebekah 
 Nurfe, who, being a perfon of great piety, 
 made fo good a defence, that the jury at 
 firft found her Not Guilty •, but the affli£led 
 witnefTes burfting into hideous outcries a- 
 F 4 gainll 
 
 -^' 1 i '»i i» Wi i » iii i i i» l im MnmlHi H -li ii ii i lM iiteaiMiiiiiti 
 
 tt-w lit T iiMUniiBi -^ 
 
nSr* NEW- ENGLAND, 
 gjfihft her, they then found her guilty, and 
 ihe fufiered as well as the reft. 
 
 At the next adjournment, on the 5th of 
 Auguft, fix perfons were condemned, one of 
 whom was the Rev. Mr. George Burroughs, 
 mintftcr of Falmouth, and a man of great 
 probity. The evidence on which he was con- 
 vided, was as abfurd and extravagant * as 
 can be imagined, and the condudl of his 
 
 judges 
 
 * In hi« indiftment (which is « fptcimenof thereft) 
 it is alleged, " That Georgi Barroughs ... on the 
 " 9th day of May, in the 4th jr««r of the relgo of our 
 '• fovereign Lord and Lady William and Mary, by the 
 " grace cf God of England, &c. and difcrs other days 
 " and times as well before a« after, certain deteftabic 
 " arta, called witchcrafw and forceriei, wickedly and 
 •• felonioufly ufed, praftifed, and exercifed, at and 
 •• withrn the town of Salem, in the county of Effcx 
 •• aforefaiJ, In, upon, and again* one Mary Walcot, 
 •• of Salem village, in the county of Etkx, fingle- 
 " woman} by which faid wicked aQs, the faid Mary 
 •• Walcot, the 9th day of May in the year abovefaid, 
 «' and divers other days and times, as well before as 
 " after, wa» and is tortured, afflifted, pined, con- 
 " fumed, wafted, and tormented, againft the peace - 
 •« of our fovereign Lord and Lady the King and 
 •• Qaeeo," Jrc. ^ 
 
 The confeffing witches fwore, that Mr, Burroughs 
 was thc'ltincipal aftor in their nofturnal rerels, and 
 
 was 
 
GLAND. 
 
 mnd her guilty, and 
 he reft. 
 
 mcnt, on the 5th of 
 
 e condemned, one of 
 
 . George Burroughs, 
 
 and ft man of great 
 
 on which he was con- 
 
 and extravagant * as 
 
 the conduft of his 
 
 judges 
 
 h is « fpecintenof the reft) 
 rgt Burroughs ... on the 
 th ytu of the reign of our 
 ' William and Mary, by the 
 , &c. and di*ert other day* 
 as after, certain deteftabie 
 ind forceriei, wicicedly and 
 ;d, and exercifed, at and 
 m, in the county of Effex 
 I againft one Mary W»lcot, 
 ) county of Eflex, fiogle- 
 wiclced aQs, the faid Mary 
 May in the year abovefaid, 
 d limes, as well before as 
 red, afflicted, pined, con- 
 rmented, againft the peace" 
 1 and Lady the King and 
 
 fwore, that Mr. Burrooghs 
 
 their nofturnal rcTels, and 
 
 was 
 
 •^"••WWfW* 
 
 NEW. ENGLAND. 129 
 judges equally prcpoftcrous. In their egui- 
 table difpenfation, witchcraft was that ftrange 
 fpedes of crime, the confejfed gwlt of which 
 Wat always pardoned •, whilft the denial of 
 F5 it 
 
 waa promifed to be made king of Satan's kingdom, 
 then about to be ereAed j that he gave them puppets, 
 and thorns to ftick into them, for afflifting the peo- 
 ple of Salem, «rc. &c. One of the affliatd wimefles 
 depofed, that the prifoner prcfled her t6 fet htr htnd 
 to a book, and iofliacd grievoua torments oa her for 
 rcfufingi others, that he founded a trumpet for the 
 witche* to rendezvous at a facrament, and tempted 
 ibofe he tormented to partake with them, &c. Ano- 
 ther convincing circumftance againft him was, thar,. 
 though he wu.a little man, he had held oih « gun of 
 feven feet barrel with one hand, and had Carried a 
 barrel full of cyder from a canoe to the fliore. The 
 prifoner faid, that an Indian held out the gun alfo » 
 on which it was immediately conciuded, that the In- 
 dian muft have been the filick Man. Again, his 
 brother'ia*law fwore, that going out after ftraw- 
 berries, upon their return, Mr. Burroughs went into 
 the bufljcs on foot, and tho* the witnefs rode a quick 
 pace, yet the prifoner was at homt as foonat he. Mr. 
 Burroughs urged, that another pcrfon, who accompa- 
 nied him, walked as faft as he did j but this was deter, 
 mined to be the Black Man alfo. 
 
 * PiJy it is, that none of the many confeflbrs of 
 witchcraft were put to ib« trial of f«..l!l«g Juiir ac- 
 knvmhJgtJ guih with their blood | fuch a proceed- 
 ing, probably, would (bon have detected the fraud. 
 
 ■ ■'*' '■" n'' 
 
,30 NEW-ENGLAND. 
 it was pum(hed with death : «nd Mr. Bur- 
 roughs-9 integrity preventing him from of- 
 fering violence to his innocence by the con- 
 feflion of z pretended wickednefs, the unjuft 
 fentence pronounced upon him w« carried 
 into execution. Before he w« turned off 
 the ladder, he made a folemn fV^^^^j;^^'^ 
 dication of hi. innocence, f P^^T^^ 
 hi. devotions, which he concluded w^di Ae 
 Lord's Prayer, with fuch compofure. yet 
 fervency of fpirit. as drew tear, from moft ol 
 the fpedators. 
 
 George Jacobs, fen. tried at the fame 
 time, was condemned on the evidence of h.s 
 grand-daughter. who. to fave h";wn life, 
 had been forced to confefs herfelf a witch, 
 and appear againft him. 
 
 At the feffions holden on Sept. 9, and 17. 
 fixteen more perfons were condemned. Sa- 
 muel Wardwell. who was accufed .even by 
 his wife and daughter, to fave their own lives, 
 confcffed himfelf a wizard* but recanUng 
 his confeffwn, he was hanged. . 
 
 Martha Cory was condemned oa fpcctrai 
 evidence, it being fworn, that Mr. Pariss 
 
 daughter. 
 
ILAND. 
 ith: and Mr. Bur- 
 nting him from of- 
 locence by the con- 
 ikednefs, the unjuft 
 pon him wm carried 
 he was turned ofF 
 >lemn fpcech in vin- 
 ice; »nd performed 
 e concluded with the 
 fuch compofure, yet 
 ew tears from moft of 
 
 n. tried at the fame 
 sn the evidence of his 
 , to fave her own life, 
 lonfefs hcrfelfawitch, 
 
 m. 
 
 den on Sept. 9, and 17, 
 
 were condemfied. Sa- 
 , was accufed .even by 
 -, to fave their own lives, 
 wizards but recanting 
 is hanged. 
 
 condemned on fpettral 
 
 worn, that Mr. Paris's 
 
 daughter. 
 
 .lanmiii 11 iinqp ■i>iv«^l "w»rj"w»^wi!|ifniB»PW|B 
 
 ' I I " l iW 
 
 KE W.ENGLAND. 
 
 «3« 
 
 daughter, and two other children, faw . a 
 ghoft, in the likenefs of Mrs. Cory, come 
 towards them with a book to fign. 
 
 Giles Cory, her hu(band, was preflfed to 
 death, for refultng to plead and fubmit to 
 fucht chimerical evidence. 
 
 Mary Efty, fifter to Rebekah Nurfe, was 
 another fulFerer.i^She prefented a pathetic 
 petition to the magiftrates, not fo much with 
 a view of faving her own life, as to induce 
 them to examine the confeiling witches 
 more ftriftly, and to make them fenfible of 
 the innocent blood they were fhedding. 
 
 We need not, we think, particularize 
 1. .'ire inftances to give the reader a lively 
 idea of the madnefs of the time : but muft 
 obferve, generally, that, as the fureft way to 
 avoid accuiation, was to become the accufer. 
 the number of the affiiSled increafed every 
 day, and the number of the accufed in pro>- 
 portion. There was no fafety even for the 
 moft unblemiftied reputation. More than 
 one hundred women *, moft of them of ir- 
 reproachable 
 
 * A principal part of the evidence againft Ibine of 
 (be womea was the return of a jury, confiiling cf one 
 
 man, 
 
 ♦ i 
 
43» NEW-ENGL AND. 
 
 reproachable chandlers, tod pf the bieft ft^ 
 milics in the towns of Salem, Beverly, An- 
 dover, Billerics, &c. were Appreheodsd, 
 examined, and the greate(t: part of them 
 committed to priioa. Some weak women, 
 indeed, were really perfuaded that they 
 were witches » and that the devil, Ifome 
 how or other, although they could not tell 
 how or when, had taken poflcffion of their 
 evil hearts, and therefore they thought they 
 ought to confds themfelvet guilty.--Be- 
 fides, thefe impious proceedings were in no 
 fmall degree fomented by Avarice, whieh 
 gluttoned on the confifeated t!Mt» f of the 
 perfecut^. Moreover, (fo general was the 
 delufion!) the Governor himfclf. Sir Wil- 
 liam 
 
 "V 
 
 man, a doctor, and eight women, appointed to exa- 
 mine their bodies for teats ami othet detifs marks. 
 It is fatd, that the credoiitf of theft |itries was fitch, 
 that even a flea-bite was ni&alien for a devil's matlc. 
 
 t About so years afterwards, upon the petitions of 
 the relations of thofe who bad beat executed, and of 
 others who bad fled to f^ve thnr lives, and whofit 
 goods had been feixed, the General Court made grants 
 in conlideration of the lofles fuftained ^ but (h«(e hpre 
 no proportion to the real damages. 
 
 .lid£iiWL. 
 
1. AND. 
 
 d pf the bfeft f*- 
 n, BcverlX, An- 
 re •ppreheodsd, 
 ft purt of them 
 ne weak women, 
 laded that they 
 the devil, llbtne 
 ey could not tell 
 oflcffionof their 
 ley thought they 
 ret guilty.-»Be- 
 dinga were in no 
 Avarice, which 
 deiicaatofthe 
 > general waa the 
 imfclf, Sir Wil- 
 liam 
 
 1^ tppointed to exa- 
 otftet deriPs mtrks. 
 htda juries «n fitch, 
 sfort devil'* mule, 
 upon the petitions of 
 een iexecuted, tnd of 
 rir livMr aad whoiit 
 ral Court made grants 
 lined ) but thefe bpre 
 
 3. 
 
 ^— I ^ ■ ■■■ ■ »i « m*w 
 
 ' "" i '"t" 
 
 NEW-ENGLAND. 133 
 
 liam Phips, countenanced the popular cry 
 againft the pretended oflfendera : and, to 
 compleat their deftruftioo, the magiftrates 
 manifefted the grofleft inimical prepofftAion 
 againft them in their behaviour to the wit- 
 neilea t for, inftead of crofs-examining and 
 endeavouring to iift them to the bottom, 
 they made ufe of fuch leading queftiona aa 
 might truly be faid to put the worda of con*- 
 vidUon into their mouths. 
 
 The exemplary Uvea, folemn protefta< 
 tions, cameft remonftrancea, and patient 
 fufterings, of the fuppofed delinquents, were 
 of no etket againft thia complication of /ad» 
 veHe circomftancea } and it ia hard to/ Ay 
 when the barbarous |:»trfecution8 would have 
 had an end, had not the accuiera over-a«Sted 
 their parts, by beginning to charge the 
 crime upon the magiftratea themfclves, and 
 perfons in high office. Thus Dudley Brad< 
 ftreet, Efq; a juftice of peace, relaxing in 
 the profecudona, waa charged, and obliged 
 to abfcond ; as was alfo his brother John 
 Bradftreet : nay, the Secretary of the colony 
 of Connecticut, and (according to a credita- 
 ble; 
 
 iUUkiU 
 
 taMiii^SfMlbkiaiaka 
 
T- ifM B i MH '»T*WWff<iin 
 
 ! i ^ i^i - ii m ^ " 
 
 134 NEW-EN GLAND. 
 
 ble writer) Sir William Phips's lady *, were 
 likewife among the accufed. 
 
 It waa high time for things to take a new 
 turn \ and, happily for the community, (bme 
 of the moft zt.alous adlors in this tragedy 
 began now to be of opinion the: innocent 
 blood had been Hied i which necefl*arily oc- 
 cafioned an alteration of condudl. Accord- 
 ingly, at a Court holden at Salem in Janu- 
 ary, 1692-3, when about 56 perfons were 
 tried for witchcraft, no more than three 
 were conviAed, and thofe the Governor 
 afterwards pardoned ; and all that were not 
 brought upon trial he ordered to be dif- 
 charged. But none of the affliSied were 
 ever brought to trial for their impoftures. 
 
 The number of perfons condemned in 
 the laft year was between 30 and 40, 19 of 
 whom were hanged, and one preiTed to 
 death. The prifoners difcharged amounted 
 to about 150 \ and the accu(ed per£bns 
 paired over to xoo» The confefling 
 
 witneflea 
 
 * She is Taid to have faved a poor accurcd wontan 
 from trial ; whence, to be fure, ih( muft have been a. 
 confederate io wiicbcraft. 
 
 mil iiiiiiitintiittii'WiiiMiil' 
 
LAND. 
 
 lips's lady *, were 
 1. 
 
 ngs ta take a new 
 community, (bme 
 I in this tragedy 
 ion the. innocent 
 ich necefliirily oc- 
 )ndu(5l. Accord- 
 It Salem in Janu- 
 
 56 perfons were 
 more than three 
 fe the Governor 
 
 all that were not 
 rdered to be dif- 
 the affliSied were 
 lieir impoftures. 
 fi9 condemned ia 
 30 and 40, 19 of 
 1 one prefled to 
 liarged amounted 
 \ accu(ed perfbns 
 
 The confefling 
 r i'j^ witoeflet 
 
 poor accufcd woirian 
 {h< muft have been % 
 
 NEW-ENGLAND. 135 
 
 witneir<» (among whom were three not 
 above ten years of age) had increafcd to 
 50, and the affliSied to the fame number. • 
 Sir William Phips found the colony in k 
 ftate of great perturbation, not only from 
 the affair of the witches, but from the ir- 
 ruptions of the Indians. He was charged 
 by his inftrudlions to build a ftrong fort at 
 Pemaquid, which he did in the fummer of 
 1692. This produced a peace in thofc 
 
 parts 
 
 • Thefe horrid iranfaaioiu, however, pafled not 
 av^ray without leaving the fting* of remorfe in the 
 breads of many perfons concerned, particularly of i a 
 jurymen, who publiflied a confeffion that they "were 
 fadly deluded and miftakcn, for which they were 
 much difquieted and cliftreffed, and did therefore 
 humbly beg forgivenefs of God, for Chrift's fake, 
 for their error j and alfo prayed, that they might be 
 confidered candidly and aright by the living fufferers, 
 as having been under the power of a ftrong and gene- 
 ral delufion." One of the judges, alfo, was convinced 
 be had done wrong j and at a public faft, in a full 
 meeting, acknowledged his error in the late proceed- 
 ings, and defired to humble himfelf for the fame before 
 God and the people. The Rev. Mr. Paris, too, pub- 
 licly confefled his error; neverthelefe, he had in- 
 curred the odium of the people of Sa'em to fuch a 
 degree, that ihey would not fuffer him to continue 
 their minifter. 
 
MF'^MipmiHil 
 
 ii||ii«.i..(ai|ip||i|iiiJlii| 
 
 136 NEW-ENGLAND. 
 
 parts in Auguft, 1693. Neverthclefs, it 
 was broken the next year by the Penobfcot 
 and Norridgewockfavages* at the Inftigation 
 of the French, who fupplied them with arms 
 and ammunition. 
 
 Sir "William wa? a man of a benevolent, 
 but, at the fame time, of a paffionate difpo- 
 iition. An attachment to his friends em- 
 broiled him in a difpute with Mr. Brenton, 
 the CoUeftor of the Culloms, which, toge- 
 ther with another that happened between 
 him And the Captain of the Nonefuch fri- 
 gate, being. preferred before the King, in- 
 tereft «eas made to di(place Sir William 
 from his government*, but his Majefty was 
 defirous of hearing his defence, and fent 
 orders for him to repair to England to 
 make it. Sir William's intereft had for 
 fome time been upon the decline in New- 
 England : however, he obtained an addreis 
 to the King from the Houfe of Reprefen- 
 tatives, praying that the Governor ought 
 not be removed. He left Bofton Nov. 19, 
 1694; and Mr. Stoughton took the chair. 
 Sir William fo far juftified his conduft m 
 
 London, 
 
 ir'iii iii.-iiaiiiiiiift'iii'f i[ in tfii r-jfr - ' irr' 
 
■■l 
 
 H I W*"' '» I" I' P""* I"" "."W !' ^ "' 'fmv.-aimi'^ 11 
 
 GLAND. 
 
 3. Nevcrthelcfs, it 
 ear by the Penobfcot 
 ges, at the inftigation 
 plied them with arms 
 
 nan of a benevolent, 
 
 of a paflionate difpo- 
 
 yt to his friends em- 
 
 te with Mr. Brenton, 
 
 !u(loms, which, toge- 
 
 t happened between 
 
 jf the Nonefuch fri- 
 
 before the King, in- 
 
 iifplace Sir William 
 
 but his Majefty was 
 
 lis defence, and fent 
 
 epair to England to 
 
 m*9 intereft had for 
 
 the decline in New- 
 
 le obtained an addreis 
 
 i Houfe of Reprefen- 
 
 the Governor might 
 
 left Bofton Nov. 19, 
 
 ;hton took the chair, 
 
 vilified his conduft m 
 
 London, 
 
 NEW-ENGLAND. 137 
 
 London, as to be on the point of returning 
 to his government, but was prevented by 
 death on the 1 8th of Feb. 1694-5. The Earl 
 of Bellamont was appointed Governor of 
 Ma(!achufets in his rooms aifo of New- York 
 and New-Hampfliire. 
 
 We have mentioned that Nova-Scotia 
 was conquered by the Maflachufets in the 
 year 1690. Their claim to that country 
 was confirmed to them by its being included 
 in the new charter. However, in 1691, it 
 was feized by Monf. Villebon, by commif- 
 fion from the French Kingi and the Maf- 
 fachufets, having mifcarried in feveral at- 
 tempts to recover it, petitioned the Crown, 
 in 1696, that their province might be freed 
 from any further expence concerning it. * 
 In 1696, alfo, the French demolished the 
 ftrong fort at Pemaquid. 
 
 The Indians continued to harrafs the 
 northern parts of the country, in a greater 
 
 or 
 
 * This feems to have betn confidered ai a rennn- 
 ciation o^iheir right, for, after the peace of Utrecht, 
 NoTa^Witia was fettled as a diftin^ province by the 
 
 mmtdi 
 
gpi .'Mipiiippil 
 
 iisn iju 1 .j«|iiiii 
 
 138 NEW-ENGLAND. 
 
 or Icfs degree, till the year 1698 *, when, 
 having been deprived of the affiftancc of the 
 
 French 
 
 ♦ In March, the Indians, in an attack upon Havet- 
 hill, burnt 9 houfcs, and killed and took prifonefs 
 near 40 of the inhabitants. Acuong the Utter were 
 Hannah Dunftan, who had lain in but a week before, 
 her infant, and the nurfe j the huftand, with feven 
 other children, having efcaped. The infant', brains 
 were prcfently daftied out againft a tree, but the wo- 
 men were forced to travel i* miles the firft night, 
 and to continue their route day after day towards an 
 Indian town at 250 miles diftance. When they had 
 trudged ISO miles, the Indians toU them^ "at, oa 
 their arrival at the town, they mull undergo the dii- 
 eipline of running the gantlet. Dunftan and her com- 
 ptnion had been given as fervanti to an Indian family, 
 conBfting of two men, three women, and feven chil- 
 dren, befides an Englifl* boy who hid lived a pnfoner 
 with them for eighteen months. The dread of the 
 cantlet excited all Dunftan's refolution., and ihe per- 
 fuaded the nurfe and the EngliOi boy to affift her in 
 recovering their freedom by thp deftruaion of the 
 Indians. Accordingly. In the morning, before day- 
 Htfht, our Amaaon called up her confederates to aftion. 
 One after another the enemy were knocked on the 
 head with their own hatchets, yet with fuch caution 
 that none awoke, and thus thefe three prifoners diU 
 oatcbed the whole family, except a favourite boy, 
 Sho was defignedly fpared. and an old woman whom 
 they fuppofed they had killed, but who jumped up. 
 
I WHj r iu . II MJOH - M > ■ .1 11 ■ll.m 
 
 LAND. 
 
 ar 1698*, when, 
 le afliftance of the 
 French 
 
 n attack upon Haver- 
 and took prifoners 
 Mng the Utter were 
 in but a week before, 
 hulband, with feven 
 The infant's brains 
 ift a tree, but the wo- 
 miles the firft night, 
 y after day towards an 
 nee. When they had 
 ; tokl ihemr that, on 
 muft undergo the di€- 
 Dunftan and her com- 
 nta to an Indian family, 
 omen, end feven chil- 
 ho hid lived a prifoner 
 s. The dread of the 
 ifolntion.1 and (he per- 
 [lifli boy to ftflift her in 
 the deftrudlion of the 
 ! morning, before day- 
 r confederates to aftion. 
 were knocked on the 
 yet with fuch caution 
 efe three prifoners dit- 
 icept a favourite boy, 
 nd an old woman whom 
 , but who jumped up, 
 and 
 
 NEW-ENGLAND. 139 
 
 French by the treaty of Ryfwick, concluded 
 the preceding year, they again (bliclted and 
 entered into terms of pacification. 
 
 Lord Bellamont arrived at Bofton, from 
 New- York, May 26, 1699. He refided 
 only 14 months in New-England; during 
 which time he was chiefly employed in the 
 fuppreflion of the Buccaneers. He returned 
 to New- York in the fummer of 1700, and 
 there died on the 5th of March following. 
 Mr. Dudley, who was appointed Prefident 
 in 1695, after the vacation of the charter, 
 fucceeded him as 'Governor of the Mafla- 
 chufets province 
 
 In May, lyoz. Lu alfo Lieutenant-Go- 
 vernor Stoughton ; when, the Governor not 
 being arrived, the adminiftration, for the firft 
 time, devolved upon a majority of the Coun- 
 cil, according to one of the provifions of the 
 new charter. 
 
 Mr. Dudley, 
 
 and made her efcape with the boy. With ten of 
 their fcalpt, after a very fatiguing and dangerous 
 journey, they reached tiieir own home ; and, for 
 their courageous behaviour, received a reward of 50!. 
 from the General Court, belides many valuable pre- 
 Tents from individuali. 
 
 apMll 
 
 ■iMaMUMMMIlMMMittiltMai 
 
^^3^sZ 
 
 ■— r.« 
 
 140 NEW-ENGLAND. 
 
 Mr. Dudley, on his arrival at Bofton, in 
 1702* was received with ceremoaial refpe&i 
 but foon engaged himfelf in difputes with 
 the two Houfes, particularly the HouTe of 
 Reprefentatives. At the iirft eleftion he 
 negatived five of the Couniellors } and, in 
 the year 1705, the Speaker of the Houfe of 
 Reprefentatives. Thcfc fteps gave very 
 great offence, and the latter was not fub- 
 mitted to, the Houfe alleging that no fuch 
 authority belonged to his ofKcc. Another 
 great contention arofe firom the Governor's 
 being charged to recommend to the Ai&m- 
 bly*s particular attention the eftabliihing ho* 
 nourablc ftdaries for the Governor, Lieut.- 
 Governor, and Judges of the Courts, for 
 the time being. Thb inftruSion he urged to 
 little purpofe \ for the Houfe refufed to /x 
 any, allowing him only 500I. annually (300I. 
 in the fpring, and 200I. in the fall), and 
 the Lieut.-Governor 200I. per annum. 
 
 The Governor had alfo a troublcfomc war 
 on his hands. In confequence of the rupture 
 between England and France, in 1702, the 
 Frcnchof Canadaand Nova-Scotia,and confe- 
 
 quently 
 
 m*i<i..'iM>.Di|fiM r*iMilii»1aMA>aakjMi<teli|BltfMlihi 
 
vw!mm'm'W''^¥*'^^*l'<fll''^'W^''f''''''' ' *" 
 
 LAND. 
 
 ival at Boilon, in 
 ;retnooial refpeft^ 
 
 in difputes with 
 rly the HouTe of 
 
 firft elcAion he 
 nfellors} and, in 
 ir of the Houfe of 
 
 fteps gave very 
 Xtcr was not fub- 
 iging that no fuch 
 I office. Another 
 m the Governor's 
 end to the A(&m- 
 he eftabliihing ho^ 
 Governor, Lieut.- 
 jf the Courts, for 
 ru^ton he urged to 
 [oufe refufed to /x 
 oo\. annually (300I. 
 . in the fall), and 
 >l. per annum. 
 3 a troublcfomc war 
 ixence of the rupture 
 ance, in 1702, the 
 va-Scotia,and confe- 
 quently 
 
 NE W.ENGLAND. 141 
 
 quently the Indians, renewed their hoftiiities 
 on the northern frontiers of New-England, 
 furprifing and facking Deerfield • in 170J. 
 
 To 
 
 * Intelligence had been received that an attack was 
 meditated by the Indians on the town of Deerfield, 
 and the uaifier, Mr. WiHiann, had « ftrong inpref. 
 fion on his mind that it would be deftrojed. The 
 inhabitants ftrangelj ilighted the warnings he gave 
 them, and all theafliftance provided againft the threa- 
 tened danger was a guard of ao foldien. In the night 
 preceding the agth of February, about 300 French 
 and Indiana approached the town, and, ihe watch 
 which ptrolled the flrects falling aileep about two 
 hoars before break of day, fet upon it with great 
 fury. Mr. Wiliiaou waa awaked with the noife of a 
 party of ihem entering his bed-chamber. Thoagjh 
 there waa no hope of life from refiftance, he took a 
 loaded p^l fiom the tetter of his bed, and fnappcd 
 it at the firft which drew near to him. It fortunately 
 mifled fire j for the death of one of the favages would 
 only have iafured his own. He was fciied, and kept 
 ftandiog in hia Ihirt, whilft his houfe was plundered, 
 and two of his children and a Negro woman murder- 
 ed. Orders were then given for himfelf, wife, and 
 five other children, to drefs, and prepare for a iong 
 march. Other houfes had met with the like fate from 
 other parties of the favages j 40 perfons were killed, 
 and 100 taken prifoners. About an hour after fun- 
 rife the enemy had finiil>ed their work j and then left 
 the place in flames. They harried on with the utmoft 
 
 expedition. 
 
vm 
 
 mi 
 
 •ppif" 
 
 mmm 
 
 ,4t NEW-ENGLAND. 
 To encourage fmall parties to fcour the 
 woods, and hunt the enemy, the General 
 Court oflered a reward of 40I. for every 
 Indian fcalpi and in 1704, Col. Church, 
 with 550 men, did confiderable mifchief 
 to the enemy in Nova-Scotia, and the 
 neighbourhood of Penobfcot river, &c. 
 
 &c. . 
 
 In 
 
 eipediiion. for fear of a purfuit , fo that Mrs. WiUi- 
 2. who w« in a weak condition from a recen 
 Uin«-in. acquainted her hulband the fecond day, flie 
 3 JUp?heirpace no longer. He folic Ued Per- 
 miLn to accompany and affift her , but. be.»g«nde' 
 Afferent matter,, he was obliged to leave h« be»..nd. 
 Perhaps every tender reader will think Mr W.ll..n«'s 
 diftreft could not be heightened, alas! ''«;•«• f«^ 
 days, he was informed hi. wife's matter had funk a 
 hatchet into her brains. About ao more of the pn- 
 fo^a, wearied out. were killed alfo. before they 
 wachAl Canad..-Mr. Williams and moft of the fur- 
 living captives were in time redeemed , and two of 
 Mr. Williams's fons became worthy min:fters at Wal- 
 tham and Springfield : however, one of h.s daughter, 
 remained, having married an I«di.« hofcand , wh^h 
 i, not fo much to be wondered at, if u be confidered. 
 that the Indians frequently ufed their prifoncrs with 
 great lendernefs. when they had once fecurdy carried 
 them home. 
 
 ■ 'ri'mr ffrt'T^nt-r'' " ^■■.f.^.i. ^.■. 
 
■VPHV 
 
 r L A N D. 
 
 des to fcour the 
 emy, the General 
 of 40I. for every 
 04, Col. Church, 
 ifiderable mifchief 
 i-Scotia, and the 
 >bfcot river, &c. 
 
 In 
 
 it» 
 
 „, fo that Mrs. Willi- 
 odiiion from t recent 
 ind the fecond day, flie 
 jer. He foltcited per- 
 t her i but. being under 
 ;ed to leave her behind, 
 rill think Mr. Williams's 
 edi tiail within* few 
 ife't matter had funk a 
 )ttt «o more of the pri- 
 killed alfo, before thef 
 itna and moft of the fur- 
 redeemed ; and two of 
 uronhj minifters at Wat- 
 er, one of his daughters 
 , Indian holband » which 
 •d at, if it be confidered, 
 fed their prifoncrs wiih 
 had once fecurdy carried 
 
 NEW-ENGLAND. 143 
 
 In April, 1706, the enemy fuddenly fell 
 upon the tnglifti, on Oyfter river ; and a 
 body of 270 men made fpoil on Dunftable, 
 Chelmsford, Sudbury, Groton, Exeter, 
 l^over, &c. nay, five of them ventured to 
 Reading, no more than 16 or 17 miles off 
 Bofton, where they furprifed a poor woman 
 with eight children, three of whom and 
 the woman they killed, and carried the reft 
 away •. 
 
 In 1708, the enemy fell upon Haverill, 
 Cct fir6 to feveral of the houfes, killed/ be- 
 tween 30 and 40 perfons, among whom 
 were .Mr. Rolfe, minifter, and Mr. Wain- 
 
 wright, 
 
 • Being ftraitened for provlfiohs in their return, 
 tbroQgh bad fuccefs in hunting, they were preparing 
 to rnaft a child of one Hannah Parfons ; but (happily) 
 a ttrange dog which they chanced to meet with ferved 
 in its room.— Simuei Butterfield, a Groton foldier, 
 having in bis own defence killed one of their Cbieh, 
 a difpute arofe whether he ihould be burnt or whip- 
 ped to death, and an appeal was made to the wife of 
 the deceafed for determinatioh. She anfwered, If 
 kiiiing the prifoner would rettore her hufband to life, 
 flte cared not by what means he fuffe^ed ; bur, if^it 
 would nor, flie wiAied to have him for her flave : 
 which reqaeft was complied with. 
 
 irfHi^iMWteHdteriMlMMMmi 
 
I 
 I 
 
 ,44 NEW-ENGLAND, 
 ^ht, Captunof the town* and took miny 
 
 prifiweKSi 
 
 la 1709* an cxpeditioii wu meditated 
 in England agaioft Canada : but die fiice 
 ofaiiain in Eufope was fo altered by the 
 battle of Almania, that the defign waa 
 
 dfojppeo* 
 
 Thefidkitation of Col. Nicholfon brought 
 another expedition on the carpet agatnft that 
 country, but it terminated in a defccnt on 
 Nova Scotia. On Sept. 18, a fleet of 36 
 fiai, men of war, tranfporta, «tc. inchidcd, 
 ftited from Nanttflcet for Port-Royal. The 
 land forces confifted of a regiment of ma- 
 rines, and four regiments raifed in New- 
 England, under the command of Colonel 
 Nicholfon. The armament anived at Port- 
 Royal on the 24th of September, and the 
 forces were landed without oppofition. On 
 the firft of Oftober, the batteries began to 
 play: but the French Governor being fum- 
 moned to furrender the fame day, a cefla- 
 tion of arms enfued, in order to confidcr 
 of terms of capitulation, which were figned 
 by both parties the next day. The garri- 
 
 fon 
 
 IjinMHinfitl. • 
 
 <mm 
 
. ii j» i w.» p . wji ' t'ii ii miiiM 
 
 3 L A N D. 
 m» tnd took miny 
 
 on wu meditated 
 
 ida: but the fiice 
 
 fo altered by the 
 
 It the defign waa 
 
 Nicholfon brought 
 Bcarpet agunft that 
 ed in a defcent on 
 
 18, a fleet of 36 
 ort^ dec. included, 
 r Port-Royal. The 
 
 a regiment of ma- 
 nts raifed in New- 
 mmand of Colonel 
 nent an ived at Port- 
 September, and the 
 out oppoittion. On 
 e batteries began to 
 jovemor being fum- 
 ; fame day, a ccfla- 
 n order to coniidec 
 I, which were figned 
 ct day. The garri- 
 fon 
 
 NEW-ENGLAND. 1+5 
 
 fon were allowed to march out with the ho- 
 nours of war. 
 
 The favourite projeA againft Canada af- 
 terwards induced Nicholfon to repair to 
 London fur affiftance. He returned to 
 Bofton on the 8th of June, with orders for 
 the feveral governments of New- England, 
 New- York, the Jcrfeys, and Pennfylvania, 
 to get ready their refpedkive quotas of men 
 with the utmoft difpatch, as a fleet was 
 fliortly to be expeded ; and which accord- 
 ingly did arrive on the 24th, confifling of 
 15 men of war, and 40 tranfports. More 
 dependance had been placed upon the Go- 
 vernment of MaHachufet's-bay for the com- 
 pletion of this armament, than was con- 
 flftent with the difpatch required : * how- 
 
 G ever, 
 
 * The army was to be Aipplied with ten weeks pro- 
 vifion at Bofton :— a verj extrtordinar/ and hazardous 
 circumilance this ; as it might well have been quef- 
 tioned, whether a fufficient quantity could be there 
 .procured, a failure in which would have ruined the 
 enterprise. It luckily "happened, however, that the 
 Geocral Court was fitting when the news was 
 {iroughtj and, as provifions had thereupon ftarted to 
 
 a very 
 
 mm 
 
 I'nai mxiimiimma^i^immimiihlimilittliim 
 
 i^4i 
 
,46 NE W.ENGLAND. 
 
 crer, with fuch diligence were the prepara- 
 tions carried on there, thi t the fleet weighed 
 on the 30th of July, in order to proceed 
 on the expedition. The land-forces, two 
 New-England regiments mchided. amount- 
 ed to near 7000 men. On the ^Bth of 
 Aoguft, they arrived at Gafpee. and foiled 
 again on the 20th. The two fbUowing days 
 proved foggy •, and the wmd beginning 
 to blow frelh at E. S. E. the (hips brought 
 to, with their heads to the fouthward. 
 This was afterwards pretended to have been 
 done by advice both of the Englifh and 
 French pilots on board, though the former 
 
 • pofitiveiy 
 
 «Ter7e«lr«.gtntrtt . •nptittf^iM, ^^^ 
 10 the fcveral kinds of profiftOM required. The ow- 
 ners demurred, and fliot up ihelr llores , in confe- 
 <Suence of which, another order wai iffued, ^ving 
 authority to open door., and fei« tU the defired pro- 
 vifions that could be found There was another 
 error in the plan of this undertaking, vi». ««»>•«« 
 on obtaining alfo Ocilful pilott at Bofton. The coun- 
 „y really afforded no betltt ihanihip-mafters who 
 had been once or twice «p St. Laurence rWer -nd 
 were averfe to quitting employments on wh.chthe 
 fupport of their families depended, nevertheleft thej 
 likewifc were iinpreffed iota the fer»ice. 
 
 i' l i ii i la H i i ii iii i iii iw i ifa 
 
LAND- 
 
 were the prepar«- 
 
 the fleet weighed 
 >rder to proceed 
 
 lind-^orceS) two 
 nchided. tmount- 
 
 On the *8th of 
 
 jafpee, «nd foiled 
 
 two following diys 
 
 wind beginning 
 
 the (hips brought 
 
 t the fontkwnrd. 
 ended to have been 
 F the Englifh and 
 
 though the former 
 * pofittvely 
 
 derpdhd, iataf prJcw 
 ins required. The ow- 
 their nores > in confc- 
 inder wu iflued, giving 
 feiiM atl the defired pro- 
 There was another 
 rtaking, »i». a reliance 
 I at BoftoD. The coon- 
 r ihanfliip-maften who 
 it. Laurence river, and 
 [oyments on which the 
 ended] nevertheleft thej 
 -the fcrvtce. 
 
 m, 
 
 ■- .i t iv wiim i jf| iW ,J, iiii w I iwrwiwwfppiy^isy 
 
 'IjE W-ENGLANP. li; 
 
 positively dcnwd the charge, (o far as it 
 rtfpc&ed thcmrclves. In a few hours after 
 the HcM brought to, (bihe of the traniports 
 wtre befet with brcaken, an4 at midnight 
 eight or nine Aiipa bulged upon rocks. 
 Sik or fev«n hundrisd men were taken up 
 by thb other Aiips* but lood were drowned. 
 The men of war efeaped ) arid next moriv- 
 ing, the wind changing to W. S. W. the 
 fleet bore away for Spanifli River i bur, 
 the wind fliift. % again to E. eight days 
 dapfed before all the fhips arrived there. It 
 was now reiblved, in a council of war, to 
 make no fucther attempt ; and the fleet fet 
 fail on its return home on the i6th <^ Sep- 
 tember .*-«-In the mean tifiM, Nicholfon 
 • ■•' lO"i2 ^ ' ' ' advanced 
 
 *h U$ htfn «uonptffd tp^ the wofp of this mif- 
 arrjaje or. the Gpireritmcpt of Maiflafhu/ets-bay, by 
 imputing to them a diktoriixils jii ^oapfyiog with 
 the re«ai(Hions fmCcriM^ hut wjth the grofl^t 
 injwftic?,. as their ■»} ^« ?««¥•«<* th^ t^»j|*«*l^wg 
 led tkm to: ipeafurcs to incpnpatible with the liber- 
 ties of a 7ree peopl^ as, in our opinion, were 
 ffxf^f WArraatcd «f«ta b/ the: esigeacj of the oc- 
 ^0. fiat .the fpccdy ^iUn([ of the fleet Um 
 Bofton, conildering the IKort notice given, is alone a 
 fttftcient refutation of the calunny. 
 
 ri I ri-- Mtfn^ idi 
 
 ■MMWfM 
 
i 
 
 ,48 NEW-ENGLAND. 
 advtnc&l with a buiy of Amcrictn fofcw 
 from Albany towards Montreal \ but, 
 h<«ring of the difafter whwh ha4 bcWlen 
 the fleet, he prudently marched back again. 
 ,,. In the year 17 u, there was fo ruinout 
 a Cix9: at Bofton, that it w^^.dwionwMfd 
 the Great Kf e. till the y^ar 1,7,60, .vybw.haj?- 
 pened the Uft and moft dreadful .nit -ki 1 
 In 1713, the Indians finding them- 
 fclves carrying on the war without the 
 Frynfh after ,|he treaty of %JCTecht, made 
 overtures , of Rfac^,,. »«W.l'..Mkifig P^doa 
 for all paft r<;beUions,., entered into new, wr^ 
 tides of fubmiflion. 
 
 After a troublefome adminiftration, part- 
 ly from t?he long war. and p«tly from the 
 oppofition of the ,p«»ple over whom he 
 prefidcd. Governor Dudley was fupplantcd 
 by Colonel Burgefs oti the acceffion of 
 George U J>ut th«. Qolopel, was prevailed 
 upon by Meff. Belcher and Dummer, for 
 
 J^is com^ifllop,- i5 favour oF Cqlonef Shute, 
 «,ho *a» acwrdtngly appointed Governor. 
 
 and arrived at Boftbn, O^. 4,,i7,»?- ^if- 
 
 putea 
 
 lii'*tihi|i.jyti»iiiiii ' I III "twnnitift' - 
 
' ■^ ■ w 
 
 r-^f^flf^rmimmmmwi^i'^n'^m^ 
 
 ■e 
 
 LAND. 
 AmerioAn forces 
 Montreal \ but, 
 lich h«4 befallen 
 rched back again, 
 waa To ruinoua 
 wii«i<ienonMnM^ 
 i^lto, wh^n hap- 
 
 read^vU >win -iil T 
 finding them- 
 war without the 
 if Pttccht, made 
 ^..aAci^ig pardon 
 itcr^4,inJto,,n^w.«r'' 
 
 N'EW'.ENGL AND. 
 
 149 
 
 miniftration, part- 
 nd p«tly from <h« 
 le over whom he 
 lley was fupplanted 
 i'» "the icceflton of 
 opel was prevailed 
 «ndDurnmer» for 
 jK fttfrlih^,^ ttjr^'fign 
 ir oFCiqionef iSWe, 
 ppointed Governor* 
 
 pates 
 
 putet w«re renewed in g fhort time between 
 him and the Houft of Reprefentatives, par- 
 ticularly in regard to the power of the Go- 
 vernor to negative their Speaker. He alfo 
 iniifted on their fettling 'a fixed falary of 
 loool. {lel-ling per ntnt ofi the Governor, 
 but with no better fiiceefs than his predecef- 
 ibr { nay, his own allowance was reduced 
 to iM- for half a year. 
 
 In 17924 war was, declared againft the 
 Ni^rridgewock Indians, who had for feve-^ 
 ral years been infuiting and committing 
 depredations on the Englifli in the north- 
 ea(l6rn parts, at the inftigation of the 
 French, particularly of a famous Jcfuit, 
 named Rall6,. who had been long fettltsd 
 among them at Norridgewock, where he 
 was almoU adored *, but he loil his life in 
 an attack which the Engli/h made on that 
 village on tihe.izth of Auguft, 1^24, re- 
 fttiing («l it is< (aidi): > 19. give or. rake quarter. 
 Six noted lodian warriors fel) at the fame 
 time. This : fuccefst contributed greatly to 
 a. peace, which' r was agreed upon the enfu- 
 tngyf^yi 404 proved a lading one. 
 
 
 Gi 
 
 The 
 
 ritimifi \mmMiiM-^iHimtmum:m 
 
150 NEW-ENGLAND; 
 
 The Hwfe of HeprefentativM qtff i«d fo 
 high a hand agiinft the Govttnon th»th< 
 determined to appeal to the Crown. Har- 
 ing» therefote, obtained permiffiod for • 
 temporary quktafice of His gorermneht^ he 
 fodderilf imbarked ' for EngMd the lattet 
 end of the year 17^, ftftvlng thctdmitoi- 
 :ftratlOtt ft> LJtut. tSflv. Dumttier. New 
 fubjefts of coptentidtt Mad beeii ftarted b*-' 
 tW^Jeti himrclff siftd the Hottft of K«*pre(«n. 
 tatives i thefe h* iefdvtd itit^ttmift^m^ 
 pljiiiri*ag«hftd«lt Houib* Jrt ibbibttcc^t 
 fo!l6# :-.Ihfring%the refeifVattett of treti 
 for mafts for the royal havy j-^affuming 
 pbwerin the tfppoirttmentof dayp forfaft* 
 ing- ahd thaii(k4«v^ »^*^J®""***^8 1^«"^ 
 felves to a diftant day by their own aftv-- 
 difmantling forts* &t.— fufpending military 
 officers, &c. — appointing committeea of 
 their &I9A to dlreft and mufter his Majeft/e 
 forces.— All thefe allegationa the Houft voti 
 ed to be groiittdlefe % but thi determination 
 of his Majcfty in Council was the reverfe. 
 This occafioned an explahatory tharter Jn 
 1725, whcrtin the power of the Gov*ifW«itb 
 - f negative 
 
GLAND; 
 cfeDtfttlyM c»rf icd fe 
 B Govbtnon thath« 
 CO the Crown. Har- 
 led permiffiod ibr at 
 ' his gorernmeht^ he 
 r EngMmi the Utter 
 r fettviAg fhetdmiiii^ 
 IV, DuMther. NoW 
 had btcA ftarted b*' 
 •Ho^of Rlripr«<tn- 
 >Vtdihta^tertliii«<Hn-^ 
 loViCti in Ibb^HUre u 
 he rtfeifVattoii of trwi 
 )yal navy j— affuming 
 ment of day? forfaft* 
 g ;-w.adJQuniiAg them^ 
 r by their own adkv-** 
 :.--fufpending military 
 Dinting committees of 
 jdmuftef hisMajeft/« 
 sgations thfr Hoiife vot^ 
 but thi determinatioii 
 rouncUwastho reverfe* 
 Htpkiiatory tharwir Jn 
 wtroffheGovWhWitd 
 V. negative 
 
 NEW-ENGLAND. 151 
 
 n^ative the Speaker was exprefsly aiTerted^ 
 and the power of -the Houfe to adjourn. 
 themfclvcs limited to two days. 
 
 Colonel Shute did not return to New-Eng- 
 land } for, on the acceffion of George II. 
 in 1727, he was removed to make room 
 for Mr. Burnet, (ion to the Bifliop,) who 
 had been conftrained to yield up his govern- 
 ment of New- York and the Jerfeys to a 
 ftvourite of the King*3 : however, the Co* 
 lonel was rewarded, more to his mtnd» 
 with an aiinual penfion of 400I. fterling. 
 
 In the' iiune year, happened an earth> 
 quake in New-England, and through a 
 gpreat part of North America. It was pre- 
 ceded by an aftonifhing rumbling noife, 
 for about half a minute ; then began the 
 ihock, which increafed gradually for half 
 a minute more, when it as gradually de- 
 creafed. • 
 
 Governor Burnet arrived at Bofton July 
 13, 1728, into which capital he wasuflier- 
 ed by a greater number of the inhabitants 
 on horfeback and in carriages, than had 
 ever met any Governor before. From 
 G 4 this 
 
 r.-irtiiiii it-7.-'iiTflHfitr^ itifi ■"'■■■ ' 
 
f^^ 
 
 152 NEW-ENGLAND. 
 this grand appearance Mr. Burnet deduced 
 an argument, in his firft fpcech to the 
 Affembly, of their ability to fupport the 
 Governor in an honourable manner ; and, 
 at the fame time, ^reminded them of the 
 King's inftruftions concerning an eftabliflied 
 faiary, which he was charged to infift upon. 
 The Houfe of Reprefentatives parried the 
 ftroke with equal addrefs and refolution. 
 They agreed that a greater or Icfs fum 
 ought not to be 'an objeft of difputation 
 with them, comparatively with the manner 
 in which it was to be granted ;«.*they were 
 willing to allow, by renewed grants, an ho- 
 nourable fupport to the Governor j and, 
 tho* they had denied more than 500I. fter- 
 ling per annum to Colonel Shute, they paf- 
 fed grants to Mr. Burnet to the amount of 
 1700I. one of 300I. to defray the charges 
 of his journey, and the otHtr of 1400I. for 
 his fupport. I^r. Burnet accepted the sool. 
 voted for his expences j but the 1400I. ten- 
 dered for his fupport, he rcfufed, becaufc 
 it was not voted to him as a fixed faUry. 
 This difpute, in which extraordinary pow€r8 
 
 of 
 
 il#»(MriMl 
 
 ii i»yil M i) 
 
W IIM-' K^^ i jjMiy i tn^iw i wt ' m 
 
 .AND. 
 
 Burnet deduced 
 fpeech to the 
 
 to fupport the 
 manner ; and, 
 ded them of the 
 ing an eftabliihed 
 ;ed to infift upon, 
 atives parried the 
 s and refolution. 
 ater or lefs fum 
 a of difputation 
 r with the manner 
 nted j—'they were 
 ired grants, an ho- 
 Governor ; and, 
 c than 500I. fter- 
 sl Shute, they paf- 
 !t to the amount of 
 iefray the charges 
 itHtr of 1400I. for 
 accepted the sool. 
 butthe 1400I. ten- 
 le refufed, bccaufe 
 [1 as a fixed falary. 
 traordinary powers 
 of 
 
 NE W.ENGLAND. 
 
 153 
 
 of reafbning vtere ;difglayed bylth*. G(h 
 vemor,. was ! wound up to: fuch; a pltch'^ 
 that the Howfer«f RepJ^fentatives refolvcd 
 to prefent ah humble addrefs to the King on 
 the fubjeft i and Meff. Wilks and^elcher 
 lyere eqaployediAs their *gent« in England t 
 bwt.thc Ctwidil^ <^.ti\^^^Govfrnox was ap- 
 prpv^ k CouAcUy and,#at. oC thf H9ure 
 condemned. . . 
 
 In thft midft of this iharp contention the 
 Grt>yc|:99r,^« fifijfed m^ a ffver, of w^ich 
 Sf jdicd^pn the 7^ o^ %^einber, 1 72^1 
 riThe miniftry ^tjt y^UUng to «^point*as 
 a fucceflbr to Mr< Burnet, the perfon who 
 was inoA likely to procure an eftabliftiment 
 of- fixed ifalades ;. jtmd, h(Mcever furprifing 
 k inay/iSpem, Mn fickhfer, whom we have- 
 juft nts&^oaedi^4W -employed in England in 
 oppofitioti to; ■ kl:at tneafure, arrived,, in 
 At^uil,: 1 730, as Governor at Bofton.. 
 Ho wis .|oyii^)ly (received ;. for thc-Colony,. 
 ijole&^tltjm thes Cepwn,; pxffi&pd ta find', 
 their accoHht in hisufippointknenti Jn his^ 
 firft^ i^ch, however, which was eagerly 
 attended to, they found, a.rekeration of the. 
 rtl G 5 fubjea 
 
 AM^^HMdtaMHMWiAiMiMiifiMiiMMII^^ 
 
■S9I 
 
 154 NEW-BNGLAND. 
 fubjeft which had produced m anlch dif- 
 ibntionv and an^ exfn& declani^oiiy tthac 
 «« hothihg prtvttttMd the «>ntrov4rfy btiag 
 "laid b«f^e the Parliammit but hit Mr* 
 j«fty*« gwai Iwiity and goddneft." Never- 
 thelef»» ih« Ha«f« iHiinfofed'te i«»rttp»f, 
 and the CCtfiteft cbntiiftied, though iwi with 
 th4t ahiftKifity a§ dtairtog tA6|*ecedl*g fcdttti* 
 niftration. At length, the mattef Wis »c- 
 comniddAted by the following expedient : 
 the HoufeAavihg t^repafftdf* bill, g^Aftilng 
 to the Oovetiio^^iefol; c^freiieyv oriiljowt 
 tiSdol fterHftg»«wtth aftipuktiottfot the 
 grant of the like ibmnnnuallyduirittg the 
 Governor** continuance he advifed the 
 Moufe to pcticioii fcr leave fijrhinivto re^ 
 ceive the futo. , Thk Was. 'gi?uited,.'witk 
 an injantfli6n on theXSovcHior to perfevtt* 
 in I)is utmoft endeavours to procuce>%iull 
 compliance with the ihftruftion. He con* 
 tinued to receive partictttat iffupm by the 
 Hka periAflfiwi fcr mihtihm years v 
 when a geitewl owJe^f i«a»ft Wttg obtainLi 
 ed to receive' («ch fuwrt i« were granted, 
 
 this long c«wi*fcrfy fubfided. ' 
 
 In 
 
LAND. 
 
 ed M milch dif*- 
 doclavMiofiy^dut 
 oontrov4rfy btiag 
 oMttt but Jkit Ma* 
 ddaefi." Nevof- 
 
 diough iioi with 
 i6{M^6cedtogftdt»i« 
 the mattef ms te- 
 ov^iflg expedient : 
 td'<»bilU g^ilftlifig 
 ^frttttiyt Ok'Mfyottt 
 ftipuktbtt fo» the 
 nmidly duirittg the 
 
 he advifed the 
 cave ^ hiai'ta re^ 
 vas 'gr;mtfBd,;>witk 
 f^taat io petfevljte 
 ra to procucr'iiuU 
 brudUon. He too* 
 »br grafKB V ^ 
 
 )«a<« biiHg'O^tain^ 
 « a«: %ere fflkittd* 
 ^fid«d. 
 
 NEW-ENGLAND. 155 
 
 In 1739 was carried into execution a 
 (chcmefora land-bank », which Governor 
 Belcher had endeavoured to fupprefs in 
 vain : but he continued, neverthelcfs, to 
 evince his avcrfion to it; he negatived the 
 Speaker and 13 new-eledked Counfellors, 
 anddifplaced a number of officera folcly on 
 account of their being favourers of it. This 
 conduia created him many enemies, who 
 
 ceafed 
 
 • A Scarcity of money being univerfally coin|:llain- 
 ed of, 700 or 800 perfons. feme few of good, but 
 the generality of fmall efttte, propofed to gite cre- 
 dit to 150,0001 lawful iDoney, to be iffued in billf,. 
 each perfon being to mortgage a real eftate in pro- 
 portion to the fums he fubfcribed and took out, or 
 10 give bond with two fntetiea ; but no one was to 
 fubfcribe more than tool, on perfonal fecurity. Ten 
 direftors and a treafurer were to be chofen. Every 
 fubfcrtber or partner was to pay 3 per cent, iniereft 
 for the fum taken out. and 5 per cent, for the princi- 
 m1 ; and the produce and manufaaure of ihe t«o- 
 vince might be paid infteaAof bills.— But the opera- 
 tion of this neafure was cenfinedr and of fliort du- 
 ration. Men of large property aad the principal, 
 merchants refufed tp receive the bills, whilft ftiop- 
 keepets and fmall traders jpve them credit: hence 
 great confufwn beginning to arife, the former appli- 
 ed to Parliament, and obuined an aft to fupprefs 
 the company. 
 
 ,^^ ^.^ „...'. J..._..-.lW.o,^--J. 
 
T---T '''*'!^'* ^'.^ff" 
 
 156 NE W.ENGLAND. 
 
 ceafed not to blacken his cbaraAer by mif- 
 reprefentations, till in return they had infi- 
 dioufly elTeAed his removal, without aiFord- 
 ing him any opportunity of vindicating 
 himfelf. 
 
 Mr. Shirley was his fucceflbr, and in ge- 
 neral well approved of by the province % 
 and a falary of loool. fterl. per ann. was 
 allowed him. 
 
 A rupture with France being looked 
 upon as an unavoidable event, after war was 
 commenced with Spain in 1740, Caftle- 
 William was repaired, and ftrengthened 
 with a new battery of 24 pounders. In 
 May, 1744, Duvivier, with 900 men, 
 from Louifbourg, furpriaed and made 
 himfelf maftef of Canfo } and many Eng- 
 lifli vefTcls were afterwards taken and carri' 
 ed into Louifbourg. A projeA was formed, 
 therefore, of furprizing that place, in turn, 
 early in the enfuing year, before the cufla- 
 mary fuccours^ihould have arrived there 
 from Eprope; and, after much deliberati- 
 on, refolvedupon by'the Houfe of Repre^ 
 fentatives by a majority of one only. Ne- 
 
 vcrthclefs, 
 
 jiiittfif- . "hi'-'. 
 
».L ii "U ' 
 
 LAND. 
 
 cbaraAer by mif- 
 irn they had infi- 
 1, without afFord- 
 of vindicating 
 
 :eflbr, and in ge- 
 >y the province i 
 eri. per ann. was 
 
 ce being looked 
 ent, after war was 
 in J 740, Caftle- 
 and ftrengthened 
 24 pounders. In 
 with 900 men* 
 iaed and made 
 ; and- many Eng- 
 3 taken and carri< 
 >roJedb was formed, 
 :hat place, in turn, 
 , before the cufta- 
 ave arrived there 
 r much deliberati- 
 I Houfe of Repre> 
 of one only. Ne- 
 vcrthclefs, 
 
 NEW-ENGLAND. 15; 
 
 verthelefs, as eachi entered into tJie debate 
 with no other than (ruly patriotic views, 
 the deiign was no fopiier adopted, than a 
 hearty concurrence took place among all of 
 them to promote it. A body of men, to be 
 commanded by Colonel Pepperell, Was lac- 
 cordingly raided, and other preparations car- 
 ried on, with the utmoft difpatch ) * and 
 
 with 
 
 * All the colonies M far as Pennfylvania were invit- 
 ed 10 engage in the undertaking j but all excufed 
 tbemfelves, except the other three of New- England, 
 which feverailf agreed to raifethe following bodies of 
 menj viz. Connefiicut 500, New-Hampfliire and 
 Rhode-Ifland 300 each. The Maflachufets forces 
 coniifted of 3250 men. What they ftood mod in need 
 of waa a fleet, fnfficiently flrong to keep the feas 
 againft the enemy io t.bofe parts: zfliips, the largeft 
 only of 20 guns, a privateer of 200 ;ons, three fiiows* 
 a brig, and three floops, conftituted the whole of 
 their naval force. But by a feries of lucky incidents 
 they furmounted all di$culties. The winter was fo 
 mild, as to admit of all preparations being carried on 
 without impediment i and the Governor interefted 
 him&lf indefatigably in furthering them with 'all the 
 powers of his office. The armament failed from Nan- 
 tadcet, March 24, 1745, ancl reached Canfo, iJe 
 place of rendezvous, on the 4th of April, where 
 the New-tiamplhire corps bad arrived four days be- 
 fore i but the Connefircui forces did not 'fim them 
 
 till 
 
 „=^. 
 
 Miil -■ ' 
 
158 NEW-ENGLAND, 
 with the tffiftince of t fleet under Comrno- 
 doTcWittcn, the pUce wm reduced, wid 
 forrendcrcd on the 1 7th of June. 
 
 In 
 
 till H»« I5»1»- Th« Rhode-IO-id men were of nO fcr- 
 vice, not ariiving riU the bufinefi wu done.-Wh.Ift 
 thenreptriilonrfor thU expediiio* were cwryingoft, 
 Mf. ShirteT. fenfiWe of ihe little ^robebility there 
 WM of fttccefc, without a refpeaaWe ni»al force, 
 difpatcbed an exprefc to Commodore Warren, who 
 waTthen on the Wett-India ftation. acquainting him 
 with the propofed defceat on Louifcourg, and foliat- 
 ing aAftance. The eiprefi returneaihtdar before 
 rtJ Heel faikd from Nantaftcet, and brought aneg^ 
 Utc anJwer from the dommodore, who did not chule 
 to be concerned in the aiWr. bwaufe .t onf.B.ted «n 
 the province without ordera from Engjand. li>» 
 difagreeable intelligence the Governor concealed from 
 all but the General and Brigadier Waldo (.he next in 
 command), for fear of d'fc*""*;"^ the men , and 
 theTfiSed in hope., that, though thej AiouW not 
 
 StWelve. eqVal to t*** ««»;««• V^^i^;^"^ 
 they ftiould at leaft regain Cwfo J*;" .•^^'T *i* 
 Itove-mentioned expref. left the Weft-I«i.«. to re- 
 tuni with the Commodore^ anfwer to Governor 
 ShJlerthe Hind floop brought order., from Eng- 
 
 £•^0 M*. Warren fo to» « B«<^- V" SSlJt 
 cw^ert meafure. mtl. Mr. Shirley for h,. Majel^i 
 ^\tt In h« i>«ffage W wa. iiifbf«ied, that the 
 fervWe. /f^r^/J',ri^co and having met with • 
 
 ■MiMH 
 
.■ d ' Hpl ii WHW.M I' lWp i .l n il 
 
 LAND. 
 
 et under Commo- 
 MTU reduced, and 
 
 'June. 
 
 In 
 
 ■dnienweKof norcT- 
 eftwaidone.— Whilft 
 tloawerectrryingOB, 
 link ^robabtthx there 
 ^rpe£ltble navtl force, 
 imodore W«rreoi who 
 itioot acqatintiog him 
 Auiflwurg, «iidfolicii- 
 enirnea the dty before 
 , andbronght a nega- 
 ore, whodidnotchofe 
 becaufe it oripnated in 
 
 from Engjaad' This 
 oTernor coocealed from 
 dier Waldo (the next in 
 >araging the men ) and 
 hough they flionid not 
 edaalon of Loaiibonrg» 
 ;«nfo. Soon after the 
 the Weft-Indies, to re- 
 's anfwer to Governor 
 ught orders, from Eng-^ 
 
 to Bdftoiir in order ta 
 Shirley for his Majefty** 
 was laformed, that the 
 , and having met with »' 
 »n, with notice to Mr. 
 Shirley 
 
 NEW-EN/GLAND. 159 
 
 In 1746; tli9 French, full of revenge 
 for the Ipf^ of LouU^urg, font « very 
 powerfuLfleet into the North* Amerkaa ieos, 
 
 , ;.: with 
 
 Shitlfj that he wasprp^Mding tf Ganfo, wiihenlfj^f 
 for fnch.ih^ u o)igl>> l>f '» thofe feas to join hunt 
 Nance it yu that the 'ElthiuB,mea of war, of 4P 
 gttiw,, w^ fccured i for though ihe was afiually un- 
 der fail with the maft fle^l, when an exprels arrived 
 •tfoitrnouth, in N*w-Hampl^ire, with the Con- 
 Bodore's orders, yet ihe Capiain fent his convoy into 
 pqrt again, and repaired to Qaqfo, where he arrived 
 o» the a^, jM. did al(b, , fo^ afterwards, the Com- 
 ii>odore Jiimfetf, to the unfpeahable joy of the army, 
 in thf Superb of 60 guns, with phe Launcefton and 
 Mermaid, ; of 40 gUQse^ch. After a ihori confolta- 
 lion.the fhipa, of force failed to crm'ze before Lonif> 
 howcg ) pad the forces landed KVChapeau-r Rouge-bay 
 thd, 30th lof ^>il, with very li)ti)q oppofition. 
 ThCjCnetuy diicoKered. fhe.tranfports early in the 
 morning, :Which, was the 6rft intimation they received 
 of thedeifiga againil them.- Next morning 400 men 
 marchf^, behind hiilst round to the north-eaft har- 
 bour,, fettiogall the heiuies and ftorehoui'es on fire, 
 until th^^ approached within a mile pf the grand bat- 
 tspy.,; Ir^Jlhick f<n^ l^i^the ftorehpufes, which 
 C9|itfiacfl iMf^ttSi ijipd* of; .^opsbuftible cofsmodities, 
 pmwHd Mffi j^Pfimf from .Covering the number of 
 mm irJto^ftrfi,f9«i»g againi^^iiaj but fufpe^'iig 
 thffnil9^|he grcg^eft p«rty-^ the army, they.aban- 
 dened the fort, cannon, a«d Qt9U to the Engliib,^^ 
 depriving them of the powder only, which they threw 
 
 into 
 
 wtmm 
 
i6o NEW-ENGLAND. 
 with a view df titiD6irit\n% th« fortrefs, 
 reducing Novt-Scotii. Bofton, &c. and 
 laying waftc the Englifti tolonlet from 
 ♦It. ' thence 
 
 into t we»r. ThH ftcceft lb nittch ixeteitd flie ex- 
 peastioM t>f the Eiiglifti; tbtt "wHtn .» td»*nced 
 ptrty of tbem (abbtit ie In nUmWr) c«de op l« la* 
 battery, and fawno appearatice of 'ih* en*irty, thejr 
 ^re apprehenfive of fome plot, a Ad deellnied entering, 
 (aa it is (aid) till a Cape-Cod Indian had fummontd 
 up courage to go in alone, and difcof ered ihe real 
 ftate of the fbiY, titoi! «notigh however, to exclnde 
 the ^rerich, wh6 were rettirnijitf to re-pofllft it. The 
 fiege'comtfienfc^d iith ivery liborioua bpetitidii the 
 nra beihg ol^igtld to flra^ tbefr cannon, hiortara. 
 fliot, «tc. ihrongh « mo^fa for near twO miles. 
 Prom the grand battery a conaant fire, ^l»h 4a 
 pounders, was kept up for ft>me time o" «»•»*["• 
 an* did much^ damage to tbe bitifes. The EagH(h 
 foMi^rs had no liblfon bf iWikih^j rtgftlar 41>proichial 
 " When xhty hWtrf Mr. BaftikJfe's' propofals fbr «i^- 
 xMs and epaulertents.'^ibey made merry with ' the 
 teitos, and Went on, %oid bf »tt, in their ovmiittu- 
 raJ way," taltlng advanta|{eof the night. By the 
 aoth of May, five fmfcinci batteries were «»pened; 
 •adfbon afttr lih^her on the Wght-hotife iwinu < M 
 Ab tneart lite, the Jieta ofWir^^er* bt^iJSbgbff the 
 itobbnr 5 abd on the t«ih of Mby tlte MetirtiWfril 
 rwitbbPrfcnch.rt*»i^ *k»; ttf.«4'gtM/wlt1i J60. 
 men Oil board, andlH Mndii^ef fto^il «r th* garrtfort. 
 ^t the Mtrmaid. #ks Of inferior force, the Cap- 
 tain thought it prudent, by a pretended flight, to 
 
 !«■ 
 
LAND. 
 
 Ing' tbit fortitfs, 
 ioftoh, &c. and 
 cotonlet from 
 thence 
 
 Sticb exceededrtie «x- 
 •t Sdfhien «B «d»inced 
 mWr) ctnie up t* lie 
 :eof*'<h« eii*iTiy, they 
 ~iiAddecliiiie<i«nt«ring, 
 Indian had fummbned 
 nd difcoTcred the real 
 » however, to eiclud* 
 ijf'tO re-poffli6 it- 'The 
 iborioui opefiitiM^ the 
 befi' cannon, ttoofW'i* 
 for near ' twO nnHe«i 
 snftant fire, '^Uh 4a 
 [tot time on the town, 
 b<^tifes. The EagHrtt 
 h^ rtgti!*T Attproiches. 
 kJrt' propoftls for «ijr- 
 mfede merry with the 
 ««, in their own nttu- 
 of the night. By the 
 atteriea were opened ; 
 : right-hOttft point. < M 
 irWer«<il^HiJiig6frtlie 
 
 Mky tltetilernlMlMfctl 
 ^ ttfi«i'gtM,'wft1i J6W 
 f ftoMttrthfcgkrrirort. 
 ifcrior force, the Cifp- 
 
 a pretended flight, to 
 feduce 
 
 NEW-ENGLAND. 
 
 lOl 
 
 thence to Georgia. The country was 
 much alarmed \ but the French armament 
 met with fuch a fucceflion of ill- fortune and 
 
 diftreft, 
 
 feduce the Vigilant (which was the name of the French 
 flilp) amongfl: the other cruixers :— he Tucce'eded, 
 and thui that fuecour fell into the hands of the Eng- 
 lifh, which, had it reached the place of its deftina- 
 lion, (ai, but for the men of war, it certainly muft 
 have done) would, no doubt, have put an end to 
 ail their hopes of reducing LoBifbourg at that time. 
 The Piincefa Mary, of 60 guns, and Heftor of 40 
 guns, having unexpeftcdiy arrived at Bofton, from 
 England, were fent to join the Commodore, agree- 
 able to his orders* which they did on the aad ; fo 
 that now a defign began to be in contemplation of 
 forcing the harbour, and makirg an attack with the 
 fhips. On June 10, arrived alfo the Chefter, of 50 
 guns, and, on the iatii» the Canterbury and Sun- 
 derland,, of 60 guns each, from England, in confe- 
 quince of difpatches fent by Governor Shirley, giving 
 an account of the expedition. The Commodore had 
 now 1 1 Hiips of force » and it is faid to have been de- 
 termined to make a general attick, both by fea and 
 land, 00 the 18th. The French feem 10 have been 
 in expectation of it, «nd, from the execution done 
 by the forces on fliore, unwilling to ftand it { for on 
 the 15 th they fent out a flag of truce to the Gene- 
 ral, requefting a ceflation of hoftilities, that thef 
 might the better conGder of propofals for capitulat- 
 ing. Next morning they fent terms on which they 
 were wiHwg to furrender, bat thejr were fuch as both 
 
 the 
 
 ^ 
 
 I' 
 
 «<it ml -rrtnlirriuMi rvi ffeT-ii 
 
 jMrn 
 
 JM^- 
 
h-v^ 
 
 ,6a NE W.ENGLAND. 
 
 diftre(% m rendtrtd their defign abortive. 
 .-jOnthe other hand, the conqueft of Ca- 
 nada wu mediuted in England, ^nd the 
 extirpation of the French from all North- 
 America J for which purpofe the colonies 
 railed men in the following proportions : 
 New-Hampihirc 500 j Maffachufcta 3500 i 
 Rhode-lfland 300 » ConneAicut 1000 j 
 New-York 1600 1 Kew-Jerfeya 500 j Ma- 
 ryland 300 » Virginia 100 j Pennfylvanift 
 400 i— in all 8200 : they continued in pay 
 till Sept. 1747 » but, to their great far- 
 prize, no fleet nor afliftancc arrived from 
 England to make the attempt. The reafon, 
 probably, was a profpeft of peace, which 
 
 was re'eftablifhed in 1 748. 
 
 A war 
 
 the General and Comnuklore couM not appro»e of ♦ 
 •ad therefore they offered other* 10 the French ia 
 their room. Thefe were accepted, and on the I7ih 
 
 the place wa» given wp. The expeece incurred bj 
 
 the Maflachufeti in thU fervice, was «»teiwardt re- 
 B»id then bf parliament, which toted the fum of 
 i8o,oool. for that purpofe, neferihelefi. Uuif- 
 bourg waa reftored to the Preach by the treaty ot 
 4l^4arChapclle. \ 
 
 'U. 
 
 T 
 
I^Jl^'^wj.s,. 
 
 > L A N D. 
 
 ir defign abortive, 
 le conqueft of Ca> 
 England, (md the 
 ;h from all North- 
 irpofe the colonies 
 wing proportions: 
 iaflachuiett 3500 i 
 onnc^cut 1000 » 
 Jerfeys 500 j Ma- 
 100 ; Pennfylvaoia 
 sy continued in pay 
 to their great far- 
 iftance arrived from 
 empt. The reafon, 
 St of peace, which 
 
 A war 
 
 ceulcl not tppfofe of » 
 otb«rs 10 the French io 
 xepted, end on the ijih 
 The expence incurred bj 
 vice, WM •♦terwtrdi re- 
 which voted the fum of 
 b| aeverthelefs* l^uiF- 
 French bj the treaty of 
 
 N 
 
 ^^^^^ 
 
 n»^ i<ni^ K,i mipn 
 
 EW-ENOLAND. 163 
 
 A war with tht Indians, which wasa na« 
 tural conftqiMACC of a war with the French, 
 broke out in 17^4 ^ but the Englifti fuffer- 
 <d Iflfo now than formerly t and peace wa» 
 renewed with them in 1 749. 
 
 This year is priiicipally remarked by the 
 aboliAilflg bills of cr«dit * in the province 
 
 of 
 
 • Per ferertl rem after the firft emiflion of them, 
 the gdVerniHent defrayed the public charges of the 
 pn}«ia«« by Utik bllto i4 ctmi i and u U>ng a» the 
 ftim was foiall, fiiVfr continuad the meafure, and 
 bilia retained their value. When an augmentation of 
 apentt% fucceeded the Canada etpedition in 1711, 
 ibe bllto iilt«wt(<i ettCfMfed) bttt in 1 proporiionaie 
 degree the fi;»fr a«d f^ld forfoole the country. 
 Henqe, in I7H» bills, to the amount of 50,0001. 
 and. In 1715; i60,ebol. w«r« iffued, and lent, on 
 llSd fecarixy, to the inhabiiahist payable wtthin a 
 cfiain period, during which they were to be confi- 
 dered as money. When no more filver and gold re- 
 mained, and the bilii were liecome the fole Inftru- 
 iQCOt of conunercft potuidi, iltilllngs, and pence, ex- 
 ift<|d in idea„ ipnly ^ fo that for near 40 yeart, the 
 cnrrctncy conii^nea io njluch the iame ftate " as if 
 ieo,6ooLr had l^cen ftamped in pieces of Jeather, or 
 paper of varioiis denominations, and declared 10 be 
 the money of the goferameAt, without any other 
 ffo^oift^n. this,,, that, when there fliould be taxes 
 to pay, the ucafury would receive tbii Art of money, 
 
 an4 
 
MiP 
 
 164 NEW-ENGLAND. 
 
 of Maflachufeta Iviy, by; «ii,a«Qf Afl«tm- 
 bly. This was effcfted, cluefljr, by means 
 of i8o,oool* fterling, which fum had been 
 voted by parliaipent, a* » fcimburfement 
 to thcMaflachuftts of thwr «xp«rtc«4)ia(|;he 
 reduftion of Loui(boM)^«l an4 fihSck was 
 applied towards the redemption 6f ihe^ilis 
 then out ftanding, amounting to 2,200,000!. 
 nominal value. . i'hofe which icmained un- 
 redeemed, wert ai%i>ii;b)r i^ t|ii<. Here- 
 upon, filver of iteri. alloyiat68.<!ad. 'thci 
 ounce, in pAymciits^ in bulllpn, 6r.ftiiU?d' 
 dollars at 6s. each, became the lawful mo- 
 iiey of the province., Neverthelefs* ibills of 
 •credit were foon afterwards revived f- 
 ^ Gov«rnor^SMirl^ reaped, to J^nglaiwl 
 
 in the latter end of the year 1749 j and, in 
 
 Jan. 
 
 and that ever7 creilltttr fltbiild be oWi^ed'to re<ie!»e 
 It from his debtor." * Snrel^; fuch «r if^WWiii^ ionjd 
 inot tut deprecitte'ln vftt\4e, abd that enornioafljr. 
 in I/O*, 63. 8d. ,Wa» etjcal to an bnnfee bf filVei-' » 
 but. in 1740. when the bilfi wei^e iibbllllied, thi 
 ounce was ettima^ed at 50s. ' . ^ „ \; 
 
 t In «7S>» an *^ ^^ parli»im:at:^flVid tt^Tcftrtr* 
 and regulate the ^fki^mtt^^'of the m<r S«*#' 
 l^ngland provibieet. ' '' 
 
 'OV,' 
 
 -r«»-W i -s'. , » , < i W tt.a i;m».«v 4||(||^||iH|g|||^^ 
 
iiplM 
 
 ^ | i». 
 
 "■{«" W.WWHI w »vu 
 
 N GLAND. 
 
 l>y. «iijaa of Aff^m- 
 bed, chiefly, by means 
 , which fum had been 
 , as a reimbwrferoent 
 >f thfoft expfiic&fiinj^e 
 OQrg»! i|n4 iR^icil. was 
 redemption 6f the l^iUs 
 nounting to 2,2oo,oool. 
 lofc which icm'ained un- 
 ji^)n:b)r;i^ffi^^. H^re^r 
 i «Uoy» at 6s^f!8d.;'th<i^ 
 ri» buUtoii, or niiUed 
 
 became the lawfuVmo» 
 .jNcverthelefsi bills q£ 
 itirkrds revived f. 
 ' re^pedj ta Jfngianit 
 
 the year 1749 j and, in 
 Jan. 
 
 fltdiild be oWrged'to rcceJte 
 
 valx^e, abd that eiiortiioafl^^ 
 eqcal to an ounce bf filve^ ] 
 he biUs were kbdtilhed, i%h 
 50s. 
 ,f parHtnent paflVd torcftrtm 
 
 r-ttofieV'iof.the WH***- 
 
 tojfcitTieWMMiJiitM^ 
 
 mm 
 
 NE\^.EN GLAND. 165 
 
 Jafti 1^50, h^; and William Mildmay, Efq; 
 Vftrc appointed commiflaties to adjuft, with 
 France, all diflPerenci^s relative to^America, 
 then fubfifting betv/eini the two crowns ; 
 but after an abode of two years at Paris, 
 Mr. Shirley Wij* l^roi^My convinced, by 
 th?'cfti<:anfcry,'"dilayS, and evafions of the 
 French Court, that no permanent accom- 
 modatibn wa» intended on their part. He 
 iherefore returned to England ; and thence 
 to his government. 
 
 '^After this pcfribd the hiftory of New-. 
 Engknd becbmes blended with that of the 
 jther colonies, as the depredations of the 
 French, threatening their general extirpa*- 
 tion, induced one common caufe of felf- 
 d«fth'fce''afti\^gft"thfem.'.— So foon as the 
 yfai* iJ7i^4, *ihat treachetbus people had 
 cotttraencedftoftiliiies on the back of all the 
 Englifli North^Amcrican fettlementSj by 
 ercdling a line of fortS, within 20 and 30 
 miles .iKftSnce of 'e^cftf'otherjiJpbn the lakes 
 aiid rivers, frOW €ahadi to the Miftifippi', 
 iliVadiiJjg; the fouthtirn 'colonies, cutting off 
 air intCTtbiirfe 'with the Indians in thofe 
 
 '^ •' parts. 
 
 / 
 
 -Tli 
 
 ^ 
 
 ■T 
 
 mmnif 
 
■v 
 
 1 
 
 i6^ NEW-ENGLAND. 
 
 ptrts, and inftig«ting them tp join in theU 
 encroachments : wd w *?»«/ had in Ukf 
 roanner fciz<cd iUic gteatcft part of the pro- 
 vince of Nova-S<ptia, » body of aopo men 
 wew geaeroufly raifcd by the Maflachufeta, 
 to affift in diflpdgini; them, whifh was a^ 
 cpmpSilbed th4 next year, wder Lieut CgJ. 
 (now General) Monckton. 
 
 With a view pf xAecking the areer of the 
 French, whofe hoftile proceedings (tbwgh 
 no war was declared) rendered it neceflary 
 tp take the field, the BritiO^ nuniftry pwjer- 
 ed Halklefa and Dunbar's regiments of 
 foot to embark for America, and General 
 Braddock was appointed Gcnerali!P9tmo. 
 Ordenwere alfo given for xaiii*^ tfwo A- 
 merican regiments, to be commanded >y 
 Sir WilUam P.«y?^?CTeU and Mr. Shirley.^ 
 General Braddock marched fiowar^ Fort 
 Du Qucfoe, and arrived within lO miles of 
 it on the 8th of July, 1755- The next 
 day, about noon, as he was advaneing in a 
 inamier wpardooably canelpfs, he fuddenly 
 received a geae»l fire nppn his front, and 
 along his left flank, from an invifiblc •ene- 
 my i 
 
 1 
 t 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 J 
 
 i 
 
 £ 
 
 t 
 
 r 
 
 f 
 
 ti 
 
 e 
 < 
 n 
 r 
 a 
 
 V 
 
 a 
 n 
 f( 
 fi 
 
 ■riiiiMi 
 
GLAND. 
 
 lem tp joiQ in thcu 
 8 they ha4 in likf 
 sft pirt of thp pro- 
 i body of 20PO m^ 
 •y the MiUTachufets, 
 ^Wl^ wjiipl* WW a«r 
 ir, uodcr Lieut; Coil, 
 
 :ing the wr?cr of the 
 proceedings (though 
 sndered it occeflTary 
 ritifi^jmlniftry ocder- 
 ijbv> rfgimeots ^rf" 
 jBierica, and Genewl 
 ttted Gener^iiSKmo. 
 for ^aiit^g tfwo A- 
 be f onwi»n4e4 by 
 spd Mr. .Shidey^'ow 
 rched tpwwfjs Fort 
 •d within lO miles of 
 ', 1755- The next 
 B was^van^Mig is » 
 c»neliefs, he fuddenly 
 upon his front, and 
 om an invifiWc voe- 
 «iiy I 
 
 NE W.ENGLAND. 167 
 
 my i fo artfiiHy were tliey concealed behind 
 trees and bufhes. In an inftant, a panicle 
 and confnfion letzed the regulars, who, be- 
 ing ftrangers to that mode of affault, pre- 
 cipitately gave ground, and would, moft 
 probably, have been cut ofF, had not the 
 Provincials advanced alone amongft the 
 furrounding woods, and covered them. 
 The General, with a few officers, kept his 
 ground, endeavouring by his example, en- 
 treaties, and commands, to rally his men ; 
 nor when he found all in vain, could he be 
 prevailed upon to quit bis dangerous fitua- 
 tion. At length, however, he Was convey- 
 ed away by Lieut-Colonel (now General) 
 Gage, and another officer, after having had 
 no lefs than five horfes (hot under htm, and 
 received a Aiuflcetball through his right 
 arm and lungs, of wHTch wound he (£ed 
 within four days. The Engfiih loft, in this 
 adtion, 700 men, 10 pieces of cannon, am^ 
 munidon, baggage, &c. Sir Peter Halkiet 
 fell at the head of his regiment, on the firft 
 fire. The French fay, they loft no more 
 
 than 
 
i^ NE W.ENGLAND. 
 
 than 400, of whom the grcatcft part were 
 
 Indians. . , 
 
 In the mean time, 6000 men, befides 
 Indians, raifed by the Government of Maf- 
 fachufets-bay. Conneaicut, New-Hamp- 
 ihirc, Rhode-Illand, and New-York, had 
 rendezvoufcd at Albany, and marched front 
 thence on expeditions againft Niagara and 
 Crown-Point. In the latter end of Auguft. 
 General Johnfon encamped, with the troops 
 deftined againft Crown-Point, at the fouth 
 end of Lake deorge, where, on Sept. 8, he 
 was attacked by the enemy, who had juft 
 before been reinforced with a large body of 
 fre(h troops from France, under the Baron 
 Piclkau. Gen. Johnfon had fecurei his 
 timp with a breaft-work of trees i and the 
 a6tion was hot and bloody,.<ontinuing from 
 between n and 12 o'clock, till 4 m the 
 afternoon, when the enemy were put to 
 flight, with great flaughter. The Enghfh 
 had 130 kiUed, 94 woundfed, and fix mif- 
 fing. Among the former were the Colonels 
 Williams and Titcomb. Major Afijley ; 
 and the Captains Ingerfal. Puter, Ferral. 
 
 Stoddert, 
 
▼ 
 
 GLAND, 
 grcateft part were 
 
 Sooo men, bcfides 
 Government of Maf- 
 :icut, New-Hamp- 
 id New-York, had 
 , and marched from 
 igainft Niagara and 
 alter end of Auguft, 
 iped, with the troops 
 Point, at the fouth 
 fhere, on Sept. 8, he 
 nemy, who had juft 
 with a large body of 
 ce, under the Baron 
 fon had fecured his 
 rk of trees i and the 
 ody, <ontinuing from 
 >'clock, till 4 in '^^ 
 enemy were put to 
 ghter. The Engliih 
 oundfed, and fix mif- 
 mer wef e the Colonels 
 mb. Major Afnley ; 
 gerfal, Puter, Ferral, 
 Stoddert, 
 
 NEW-ENGLAND. 169 
 
 Stoddert, M'Ginnes, and Stevens, together 
 with old Hehdrick, the great Mohawk 
 fathem. Among the wounded were Ge- 
 neral Johnfoti himfctf in the thigh. Major 
 Nichols, and two Captains.— —"The enemy 
 had near ten thoufand'men killed, amongfl: 
 whom were the Major-Qeneral, (the fame 
 vvho defeated Gen. firaddock in 1755,) and 
 the greater part of their chief officers. Ba- 
 ron de Diefkau, who commanded the French 
 regulars, was dangerouHy wounded, and 
 alfo was one of about 30 prifoners. Not- 
 withftanding this defeat, the enemy, through 
 the late reinforcement, were too ftrong at 
 Crown-Point, and the feafon tec far ad- 
 vanced, for the English to proceed againft 
 them with fuccefs. * 
 
 Through various delays, the corps which 
 was appointed for the redudtion of Niagara, 
 under General Shirley, did not arrive at 
 Ofwego before the end of Auguft, when, 
 
 H they 
 
 ■ •• 
 
 * General Johnfon w.i- created a Baronet for this 
 fervice, aud lewat-ded by Parliament with a prefeof 
 of 5000I. 
 
 31 
 
 «*^* 
 

 J70 NEW-ENGLAND. 
 they found themfclvcs (o badly furniihed 
 with prpvifions, that it was unammoufly 
 refolvcd, in a council of war> to defer the 
 attempt till the next year. Mr. Shirley, 
 therefore, leaving a ftrong body, under 
 Colonel Mercer, to garrifon Ofwegp, and 
 to complete fome additional works he had 
 begun there, marched on the 24th of OA. 
 on his return to Albany. 
 
 In 1756 (the year war was declared), ^ft^ 
 more regiments were ftnt to America from 
 England, under tht command of General 
 Abercrombie, wHo ^s to be followed by 
 Lord Loudon at Corhmander in Chief : but 
 his Lordrtiip*8 arrival there being procraffi- 
 natcd beyond expeftation, the Englifli army 
 wafted the fummer in inadlivity, of which 
 the French failed not (o avail thcmfelyes. 
 The enterprizing M^uis de Montcalm, 
 with 1 30b regulars, /700 Canadians, and a 
 confiderablc number of Indians, laid fiege 
 to 0(wego. Colonet Mercer made the beft 
 defence in his power ; but being unfortu- 
 nately killed by a cannon*baII, the g^rrilbn, 
 confifting of Shirley's and Pepperell'ft re- 
 giments. 
 
 .-\ 
 
 ■ ■Hw^|<4Mh|W^^ -t 
 
1, L A N D. 
 
 I badly furniftied 
 was unaiumoufly 
 war> to defer the 
 lar. Mr. Shirley* 
 ong body, under 
 iron Ofwegp, and 
 nsd works he had 
 1 the 24th of 06t. 
 
 was declared), ^f/it 
 t to America from 
 nmand of General 
 :o be followed by 
 mder in Chief: but 
 :re being procrafti> 
 I, the EngHih army 
 ladivity,. of which 
 ) avaiT themselves. 
 [uis de Nfbntcalm, 
 Canadians,^ and a 
 Indians, laid liege 
 ercer made the beft 
 but being un(brtu> 
 i»ball, the geirrifon, 
 »nd Peppeteir§ re- 
 giments. 
 
 NEW-ENGLAND. 171 
 
 giments, and part of Schuyler's militia, in 
 all 1600 men, furrendered themfelves pri- 
 fonersofwar. The Englifli loft alfo 121 
 pieces of cannon, 14 brafs mortars, 23000 
 wt. of powder, 8000 wt. of lead and ball, 
 2950 bullets, and a great quantity of 
 bombs, grenades, fufees, and proviiions. 
 The French had but four men killed, (the 
 chief engineer one,) and 20 wounded. They 
 demolUhed all the works. 
 
 When at length Lord Loudon joined the 
 army, it wa? too late in the year to under- 
 take any offenfive meafure againft the ene- 
 my: he, therefore applied himfclf to thr 
 defence of the country during winter, and 
 brought the feveral colonies to adl with har- 
 mony and fteadinefs, which fome of them 
 had failed to do before. 
 
 Early m the year 1757 the French met 
 with a check from the garrifon of Fort Wil- 
 liam-Henry, upon which they made no lefs 
 than five furious aflaults in vain. But a 
 projeft of the Engliih proved its deftrudion 
 in Auguft following. 
 
 H2 An 
 
 ' 
 
m 
 
 172 NEW-ENGLAND. 
 
 An expedition had been concerted againft 
 Louiibourg, in confequence of which Lord 
 Loudon embarked, June 19,- at New- York, 
 with 6000 men, for Halifax, where he was 
 to join Admiral Holburne, with a fleet and 
 reinforcements. The Admiral did not ar- 
 rive there till July 9, after which near a 
 month was fpent in exercifing the men. By 
 this delay the French had an opportunity 
 of acquiring fuch powerful reinforcements, 
 that, though the fleet at length failed from 
 Halifax, with an intent of profecuting the 
 undertaking, it was thought advifcable to 
 d efift; on receiving intelligence, by letters 
 found on board a packet-boat (that perhaps 
 defignedly fell in the way,) of the great 
 flrength of the enemy, . but which no doubt, 
 was much exaggerated. 
 
 Lord Loudon, having drawn the troops 
 from the frontiers, Monfieur Montcalm re- 
 newed his attack on Fort-William, which 
 had fo bravely beat him off before. The 
 garrifon again flood firm, under Col. Mon- 
 ro, for feme time •, but, there being no 
 profpeft of fuccour, without which it was 
 
 impoffible 
 
 -••••■ 
 
.AND. 
 
 loucerted againfi: 
 I of which Lord 
 I,- at New- York, 
 c, where he was 
 with a fleet and 
 ural did not ar- 
 r which near a 
 ig the men. By 
 an opportunity 
 reinforcements, 
 igth failed from 
 profecuting the 
 It advifcable to 
 encc, by letters 
 at (that perhaps 
 ,) of the great 
 which no doubt. 
 
 rawn the troops 
 ir Montcalm re- 
 William, which 
 F before. The 
 nder Col. Mon- 
 there being no 
 It which it was 
 impoffible 
 
 NE W.ENGLAND. 173 
 
 impoffible to hold out againft fo great a 
 force, ^ere obliged to capitulate on the 9th 
 of Auguft, on honourable terms j never- 
 thelefs, to the eternal difgrace of the French 
 general, the Indians in his army were fuf- 
 fercd to murder and fcalp 1300 of them, 
 bcfides women and children. The fort wa» 
 demolifhed. 
 
 In the year 1758 extraordinary prepara- 
 tions were made by Government for carry- 
 ing on the war with vigour. An army of 
 17,000 men were to open a paflage into 
 Canada by the rcduftion of Crown-Point, 
 and another corps of 8.oo» to drive the 
 French from the Ohio country j whilft Ad- 
 miral Bofcawen and General Amherft un- 
 dertook the conqueft of Cape-Breton. * 
 General Abcrcrombie fuperfeded Lord 
 Loudon in the command of the forces in 
 America, and took the conduft of the ex- 
 .* H 3 pcditioa 
 
 • This wa« heroically acconapli/hed j but comes 
 not within our detail, as the Aoiet icans had no iliare 
 in that atchievement, nor was it immediately connect- 
 ed with the operations on the Continent. 
 
174 NEW-ENGLAND. 
 
 pedition againft Crown-Point upon himft\fy 
 but was defeated at Ticonderoga. * ^ 
 
 The expedition to the Ohio couiicty was 
 committed to the care of Brigadier-genenU 
 Forbes, who happily furprized Fort Du 
 Quefne, f and reduced the Indians to the 
 obedience of the EngUfli. 
 
 The 
 
 * With 7000 reguUn, tnd 10,000 Provmciali, he 
 embarked on Lake George, in 900 batieaas, and 135 
 wh)tie-boat«, and failed on }riy 5 for Ticonderoga, 
 which fort it waa n^ccflary to take in ofder ie ap- 
 proach Crown-Point. They tanded and narched to- 
 wards it the next morning, fn their way, the moft 
 advanced party fell in with a body of ibe epemy in an 
 atnbufli { and, though they were put to flight, it waa 
 not without the lofs of the braTe Lord Howe, who 
 WW! the firft roan killed, being (hot throtigh the bre*ft 
 with a muiket-ball. For want of proper goidet, it 
 was the 7th of July in the evening before they drew 
 near Ticonderoga. The eneuty lay entrenched before 
 the fort, in a canrp fo ftrongly ibrtified, and of fuch 
 difficult accefs, that it w«s in vain the Englifli re- 
 peatedly attempted, on thefllh, .to force if^ fo that, 
 with the lofs of 500 men killed, and near 1400 wound- 
 ed. General Abercrombie thought proper to retire 
 precipitately and repafs the lake. 
 
 fHf marched from Philadelphia on the 30th day 
 of June, proceeding towards Fort Du Quefae with 
 
 aU 
 
 mmmmMm 
 
 m- " "^^ 
 
>^ 
 
 ; L A N D. 
 
 oint upon hmft% 
 
 dderogt. * f, 
 Ohio couiicty was 
 Brigadier-genend 
 
 irprized Fort Du 
 
 ;he Indians to the 
 
 The 
 
 10,000 PrOTincialf, he 
 900 batieans, and 135 
 r 5 for Tioonderoga, 
 take in otdtt 10 ap< 
 anded and marched to- 
 ri their waj, the molt 
 )0(*7 of ibe tftmj in an 
 re put to flight, it was 
 rave Lord I^owe, who 
 (hot throngh the bre»ft 
 It of proper guides, it 
 ening before they drew 
 y lay entrenched before 
 f ibrtified, and of fuch 
 vain the EngliAi re- 
 I,. to force if^ fo that, 
 , and near 1400 wound- 
 >ught proper to retire 
 :e. 
 
 Iphia on the 30th day 
 Fort Du Quefae with 
 
 ^kEW-EN GLAND. 175 
 
 "the plan of operations for the year 1 759 
 
 was as follows : General Wolfe, with a con- 
 
 fiderable body of forces, was to proceed up 
 
 the river St. Lawrence againft Quebec, 
 
 H 4 *^"« 
 
 all the caution which the roiifortune »:ttnding Br^d- 
 dock'i raflinefi may be fuppofed ir have infpired. 
 When bt arrived at R»y'»-TowB, 90 miles E. of Fort 
 Du Q>uefne, he detached Col. Fouquet. with 2000 
 men, w fecure the poft of Lyal-Henning, and to 
 reconnoitre Fort Du Qoefne. Fouquet fecured the 
 poft, but feat 800 men only, under Major Grant, to 
 i«c«nneitfc the fort, though tt the diftance of 40 
 miles. Ai Toon, therefore, a* the enemy difcovcred 
 that (mail party near them, • body large enough to 
 fbnound them marched out, and fell upon them. 
 The EngUflh, with bayoneti fixed, clofed with the 
 enemy, and flood their ground for three hours j but, 
 being unfupported, Were at length borne down by the 
 frefli acceffion of ftrength their antagonifls received 
 from the garrifon, and made a diforderly retreat, 
 leaving their conunander a p^ifoner. Brigadier Forbes 
 haftened with all prudent difppcch to retrieve ihii 
 di&fter i ^ud, fuddenly appearing before Fort Do 
 C^jiefne, ftruck the French with fuch a panic, th»t 
 they difmantled the f6rt and fled, on Nov. 44. The 
 next day Forbes took pofleffion of it j and, having re- 
 paired the works, gave it the name of Pitlibourg, in 
 honour of the Great Commoner then at the head of 
 affairs. The Brigadier died foon after at Philadelphia, 
 nrach l2<nenti.u. . 
 
176 NEW- ENGLAND. 
 thcrr to be joined by another corps which 
 General Amherft was ordered to inarch 
 over land from New-York, reducing Ti- 
 conderoga and Crown-Point in his way i 
 whilft a body, under the :;jmmand of GiC- 
 nerals Prideaux and Johnfon, attacked Nia- 
 gara and Montreal. 
 
 A ftrong fleet, confifting of twenty-one 
 fail of the line, and.commanded by Admiral 
 Saunders, with 7600 land forces, regulars 
 and Provin;ials, under Major General 
 James Wolfe, appeareci before Quebec the 
 latter end of June. As the French expeft- 
 cd this vifit, they had prepare<f themfclvea 
 accordir.i^ly by colleAing their forces toge^* 
 ther, to the amount of 12,000 men, exclu. 
 f?»'C of indir ', and adding to the very 
 greft .V rai ? ength of the place and ad- 
 jacent >cantry, all* the artificial fecurity 
 of n, :nchnicnts and fortifications, under 
 the diredliion of the experienced Mont- 
 xalm. 
 
 It was General Wolfe's chief aim to draw 
 the enemy out of their very , advantageous 
 encampment, but bvery ftratagem meditated 
 
 for 
 
 mm- 
 
«a 
 
 a L A N D. 
 
 »ther corps which 
 irdered to mvch 
 irk, reducing Ti- 
 oint in hit way { 
 jmmand of Gje- 
 fon, atuAced Nit- 
 
 ng of twenty-one 
 anded by Admiral 
 d fbrcei, regulars 
 Major General 
 fore Quebec the 
 he French expeft- 
 sparecf themfelves 
 their forces toge> 
 i,ooo men, exdu. 
 ding to the very 
 the place and ad- 
 artificial fecurity 
 rtifications, under 
 perienced Mont- 
 chief aim to draw 
 ery , advantageous 
 -atagem meditated 
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NEW-ENGLAND. 177 
 for that purpofe was baffled by infurmount- 
 able difficulties arifing from the nature of 
 the country: he was obliged, therefore, to 
 take the bold refolution of attacking them 
 in their entrenchments. Accordingly an 
 attempt was refolved to be made on July 
 31 on the enemy's left, near Montmorency 
 river; but mifcarricd chiefly through fome 
 of the boats grounding as they were pro- 
 ceeding with troops to the place of attack, . 
 and thro' the mifcondudt of 13 companies 
 of grenadiers, who, inftead of forming 
 themfeives into four diftinft bodies, and 
 making the onfet fuftairied by another corps, , 
 raftily ran on towards the intrenchments m 
 the greateft diforder, and without their ap- 
 pointed fupport. So much time was loft 
 by the boats grounding, and the irregularity 
 of the grenadiers, that, the day beginning 
 to clofe, thft General was obliged to defift 
 from his attempt. 
 
 After this ..mifciirriage. General Wolfe ■ 
 left no manoeuvres untried above the town 
 to induce Montcalm to quit his ftrong 
 H5 ""iPi 
 
 I 
 
,78 NEW-ENGLAND. ' 
 
 camp •, »nd at length fuccceded in the fol- 
 
 lowing manner. . r c-« 
 
 Early in the morning of the 13th of Sep- 
 tember a part of the army. «<;«"'ir*'^ 
 by the General himfelf, and Engagers 
 Monckton and Murray, ^^^V,"^/^*^^"^ 
 flHt-bottomed boats : they fell down the 
 ,iver with the tide, undifcovered by the 
 enemy, and landed within a kague <rf Cape 
 Diamond, an hour before break of day ; the 
 (hips, with admirable flciU, prefervmg a com- 
 munication with them. , • t. ninrc 
 
 The troops had a very fteep. high ilioi^ 
 to afcend, thickly i:o>rered with boughs and 
 ftumps of "««'*"'* guarded by Canaduns 
 
 and Indians, who fired upon diem : n^er- 
 thelefs, they fcrambled up by the help of the 
 boughs, and. difperfing the enemy, fecured 
 the landing of the remainder of tlxe troopa, 
 which was committed to the care of Bnga- 
 dier Townfticnd. 
 
 Soon after the whole army was landed. 
 General Wolfe had the fatisfkaion of per- 
 ceiving that MontcaUn had quitted his 
 Long'holds. and was crofl-ing Charles rivex 
 
 tl 
 
AND. 
 
 idcd in the fol- 
 
 the igthof Sep- 
 ly, accompanied 
 
 and Brigifdiers 
 ere embarked in 
 y fell down the 
 
 ifcovered by the 
 
 a league of Cape 
 break of day i the 
 
 preferving a com- 
 
 fteep, high lliorc 
 i with boughs and 
 rded by Canadians 
 ipon them : never- 
 p by the help of the 
 the enemy, fccurcd 
 nder of tlie troops, 
 , the care of Briga- 
 
 « army was landed, 
 
 fatisfeaion of per- 
 
 n had quitted his 
 
 croffing Charles river 
 
 with 
 
 NEW-ENGLAND. i79 
 
 ^th the apparent defign of giving him bat- 
 r^whereipon the General immediately 
 
 forLd his line, and advanced to meet him. 
 Le buihee in the enemy's front were 
 lined with 1500 Indians and Canadians, 
 the beft markfmen in the French army : 
 AefekeptupanirreguUr, but galhng fire 
 on the Engm who. notwithftandmg, re- 
 ferved their dwn till they were witlyn 40 
 yards of the enemy's main body, which then 
 forely felt its dreadful effcfts, and. not be- 
 ing able to widiftand the ihock of the Eng- 
 lift. wlw foon after ru(hed on with their 
 bayonets, were forced to feek refuge, by a. 
 precipittte retreat to the town. 
 
 Glorious as this viftory was, it was dear- 
 ly'«pbtaincd, not on account of the number- 
 of men flain,j whidi were only 5/, but be- 
 caufeone of that number, after receiving 
 three wounds, was the General himfelf, m- 
 whom concenter«d every qualification of a 
 true hfjro^: «»d' ^h« ^As, cohfequently, 
 the adml*»tio«i not brtly of thefoJdiery,, 
 btitof.khi£n^ti(haittoge- < The wounded 
 
 amounted; 
 
,8o NEW-ENGLAND, 
 amounted to 588, among whom was Brigfc- 
 dicr-general Monckton, the fecond in com- 
 mand, who received a muflcet-ball a few 
 minutes afrer Wolfe was carried off: fo 
 that at the c.'ofe of the aftion the command 
 devolved on Brigadier Townfticnd. The 
 lofs of the I'rench was fuppofed tabc 1500 
 men. Montcalm, th^ir general, was killed 
 in theL aftion, and their fecond in command 
 died on board the Engliih fleet.— The 
 fiege was commenced by General Town- 
 fliend, with the conduft of an experienced 
 officer i and on the 18th the garri&n capi- 
 tulated, marching out with the honours of 
 war, in order to be fent to France. The 
 Englifti troops took poffcffion j 5000 of 
 whom were left to maintain the place, under 
 the command of Brigadier Murray. .■>■■ 
 
 »Twas well the heroifm of Wolfe funk 
 not under his difappointment in not being 
 joined before Quebec by General Amherft, 
 according ^0 th? plan.of operations before^ 
 mentioned. ThrpUgh * variety ^ofunfote. 
 fecn delays,; it wa« th* tiiff of July befort 
 the latter could get his forces acrofs I^ke 
 
 George, 
 
LAND. 
 
 ^hotn was Brig»- 
 e fecond in com- 
 nulket-ball a few 
 
 carried off: fo 
 on the command 
 ownfhend. The 
 pofed to be lijoo 
 cneral, was killed 
 :ond in command 
 jlifti fleet.— The 
 
 General Town- 
 >f an experienced 
 the garrifoncapi- 
 ith the honours of 
 ; to France. The 
 Hcffion i 5000 of 
 inthe place, under 
 sr Murray. /.;>.*.> 
 n of Wolfe funk 
 tment in not being 
 
 General Amherft* 
 F operattoias before*! 
 I. variety ;Qf unfote- 
 nffbf Julybefoi^ 
 forces acrofs I^ke 
 George, 
 
 NEW-ENGLAND. i8i 
 
 George, and appear before Ticondcroga, 
 w&ere Abcrcrombie had been repuMed the 
 preceding year : but the fort was now ap- 
 proached with fuch firmnefs, precaution, 
 and flcill, that the enemy, after damaging 
 the works, abandoned it. Col. Town* 
 ihend, however, loft his life by a cannon- 
 ball, as. he wasi reconnoitring. This a^qui- 
 fition was followed by that of Crown-Point, 
 which the French (whatever might be the 
 reafon of it) alfi> deferted, even before the 
 Englifliarmy had moved ftom Ticondc- 
 roga. The General Irilrticdiately fent 200 
 rangers to fecure the poft, and foon after 
 followed with the mam body i and there he 
 wintered, the feafon not permitting him to 
 pfrbce^ fuwheri 
 
 General Prideaux having been joined ia 
 due time by the Provincials, ind i lOo In- 
 dians under Sir William Johnfon, the ex- 
 pedition againft Niagara was undertaken by 
 them with fuccefs. By the 19th of July 
 they wer* advitoced within 140 yards of 
 the covered: w^y 4: but a fad accident now 
 happened : General Prideaux, through the 
 
 careleilhefs 
 
j8i NEW.ENGLAND. 
 
 careleffncfo of his own gunner, was «rf^ 
 
 «•»« kilkd by a cohom-ihot, as lie 
 
 tunatcly kuko, oy «- WilUam 
 
 Amhetft with this mirfott»iie,»ho difprtch- 
 
 v° m.idc »n attempt to """l-^S'^ 
 
 .« in an aftionon the aSthot Apni^ 
 :^J^:,Zo«*c.rri«.of.BH.i<h«^ 
 
 nor 
 pre 
 
 rel 
 
 n 
 
r, was uttfor* 
 m-lhot, as he 
 Sir WillUm 
 »inted General 
 ,i»ho difpatch- 
 I take Ae com- 
 d. Sir William 
 to furrender 
 having previ- 
 itcd a reinforce- 
 vhichthe Ffcnch 
 
 i,2,6oG French 
 vith 400 Indians*. 
 
 reeow<riQs«^» 
 itSiy^ wbofe -corps 
 
 I ficknrfs to 3000 
 ic 28th of ApriU 
 alof aBria&«»- 
 ,, tl» eftewy^*^^ 
 th«iu6thof M*y 
 
 noirt>.. 
 
 NEW-ENGLAND. 183 
 
 non, 6 mortars, all their field-equipage, 
 provifions, &c. &c. behind them. 
 
 General Amherft alfo rcfumed the opera- 
 tions he was obliged to leave incompleat the 
 preceding year. On the loth of Augufl 
 he embarked at Ofwego ; and, having taken 
 Swegatchie on the 17th, L'Ifle Royale on 
 the 23d, and L*Ifle Perrott on Sept. 4, he 
 landed and encamped before Montreal on 
 the 6th. The. next morning, the Gover* 
 nor, the Marquis de Vaudreuil, fent pro- 
 posals of capitulation to him, which were 
 returned with fuch alterations as the Mar- 
 quis would fain have had retraced ; 
 but the Englifh General was refolute, and 
 the garrifon was forced on the Sth to lay 
 down their arms, and engage not to ferve 
 that war. To refift would have been mad- 
 nefs } for, during the negociation. General 
 Murray arrived with his troops from Que- 
 bec, and Col. Haviland^ with his corps, 
 from the Ifle aux Noix, as if to be witnefTes 
 of this toup de grace to Gallic power in Ca. 
 nada } which country was entirely ceded to 
 
 Great- 
 
 11 
 
,j^ NEW-ENGLAND. 
 G«.t-Brit.m ^t the peace concluded in 
 
 "^;*.re no« come » Ae period «hich 
 Ihould ptefent to our readers view the me- 
 toholyfcene of thofe unhappy d,^e«.. 
 
 ,hich have arifen between the Mother- 
 Country and the chief of her AmertcanCo. 
 
 lonie... but they »«"•;««" ""l J'"' 
 k„o«n to need recitM, and are hkewfe te- 
 yondthecompafaanddefignofourunde^- 
 
 Ly„g We ftiaU only obferve, thatwe 
 ^f,U„ent the rife and pr^re6ofd,U 
 
 t.U«l conteft. ^ fi»««'l' *.'**" 
 our King and legiflatora may be u.fp.red 
 
 "ithwifdom. i«aidofthe,rco»nol..fo 
 ;„ they may be able to avert the .m^nd. 
 
 ing ruin which, threatens us on all fldes^ 
 
 . r. .•.. .hit ««r. ita followinj {<um «<" '»'«^ 
 their expenccs. 
 
 In 1756, 
 >7'57. 
 March, 1760. 
 Jan. >76». 
 
 50,000 
 
 2QO,O0P 
 200,000 
 
AND. 
 
 concluded in 
 
 e period which 
 rs view the mc- 
 ippy differences 
 ti the Mother- 
 er American Co- 
 recent and well- 
 , are Ukewifc he- 
 rn of our under- 
 obfervc, that we 
 dprogrefsof this 
 acerely wiftithat 
 1 may be infpired 
 their councils, fo 
 avert the impend- 
 I us on all fides, 
 and 
 
 wing fdttis weM voted 
 toward* reUuburfing 
 
 . ii5.099£' 
 
 . 50,000 
 
 —,«- . aqo.oop 
 __ 200,000 
 
 $65,000 
 
 NEW-ENGLAND. 185 
 
 and reftore peace and commerce to Great- 
 Britain and her Colonies, upon a folid and 
 permanent foundation. 
 
 We (hall, therefore, conclude this epi- 
 |ome of the hiftory of New-England with 
 a few particulars relative to thQ inhabitants, 
 religion, trade, &c. of this country, before 
 the commencement of the prefent hoftilitics. 
 
 The inhabitants of Maflachufets-bay are 
 computed to amount to 400,000 fouls, 
 80,000 of whom are capable of bearing 
 arms. They are become much more libe- 
 ral in fentiment than they were formerly, . 
 when all their moral notions were derived 
 from the books of Mofes. The gentry* of 
 both fexes are by no means deftitute of good- 
 nature and hofpitality •, but thefe good qua- 
 lities are always accompanied with Tuch an 
 air of ftiffnefs and rcferve, as cannot fail to 
 mar the pleafing effe^s which otherwife 
 would refult from them. The women are 
 -well-featured, with fair complexions, but 
 have bad teeth. The lower clafs of people 
 are equally formal, yet inquifitive, in regard 
 
 to 
 
,86 NEV/. ENGLAND. 
 
 ♦« « dearee of impeftinenct 
 to ftrangers, to « degree « r- 
 
 lift, = bowe^iff. '^.'fi^cuUtly of 
 people of other pet frnfioi". P«»™- '^ 
 
 . The foUowlog .ccou't of . rem. ^ ^^^^^ ^^ 
 
 i„ vogue .^ongft ^-^^;;^^^^ZkrUy \I^1^- ^ 
 credit. «^° .^"'^JiCofcoonWpi* »«»«»."-«* 
 ,ery ««~«»^'%^"?o^r peopl" of this p.ov..cc. 
 prtaifed .mongtt he lower p i^ „.„oured of 
 
 ;„d U called r-rry/V. ^J*" * ^rry her. he propo- 
 . young woman, and w fl«. to mjny ^^^^^ ^^^^^^ 
 
 feltheaifair toher P^^-'.^Ue place) : ^ 
 no marriage »n ih.. '°3^^ hi„> to tarry with her 
 havenoobjeQion. '^'J^^^y^^ court to her. At 
 one night, in order ^^ "^1 „tire to bed. le.v".g 
 
 their ufual time »»»« ^,^^2'* „ „ -hey can , who. 
 
 the young on« to fettle get 
 
 after having fate «P " ^"Jj^" u2«t P«>«"« ^^**^" 
 into bed together •'^'^•j;* ^L„d.i: If the p.rt.e. 
 under-gaiments. to P'^»\77Uno, .re publifced. 
 
 .grec, U is a" -'^ ^^ .Ut dday : i^ »?»• *«/ 
 aJd they are "«"'*J„7Se each other agah. , -J- 
 patt. and P'?"^'*'^ ^ !;„;\hli fcWom htppen., the 
 lefi. which is «^ *"'«**"*"!:.. and then the man 
 
 forfaken fair-one P;,^; '^ pU" «'=''«"'"''"''" 
 is obliged to marry her. unaer p 
 
 lion." 
 
.AND. 
 
 of impertinence 
 
 is a refinement 
 Bnts, the profef- 
 \ Congregttion*- 
 rreat numbers of 
 ,. particuUrly of 
 the 
 
 n. remarkable Cttftom 
 i, given by* writer of 
 :e»-b»y'««»76ot-7A 
 
 coortftiip •>• Ibmeutuw 
 ople of ihispioviKe, 
 a man U enamoured of 
 , marry her. he propo- 
 
 wiihout whofe confeot 
 ;„takeplace): i^bejr 
 , him to tarry w«h her 
 
 hn court to her. At 
 le retire 10 bed. leaving 
 
 Iters as hey can » who. 
 , they think proper, ge 
 without puUiiig off their 
 
 tl, banns are publiflied. 
 outdeiay.ifnpt, they 
 
 e each other agam* »« 
 ihatfeldom happens, the 
 
 iwant and then the man 
 Serpiinofexcommuntca- 
 
 NEW-ENGLAND. 187 
 the church of England, whofc moderate 
 principles gain ground daily j yet in Bofton 
 there are 13 or 14 meeting- houfcs, and only 
 three churches. 
 
 The Maflachufets imported ♦ dry goods 
 from Great Britain, mfoney from Holland, 
 
 llaves 
 
 • The trade of the Colonies in general is Wd under 
 fuch reRraint by Parliament as feems neceffary for the 
 adTMitage of Oreat-Britain. They are obliged by law 
 to land Spanini and Portugal wines, &c. in England, 
 fubjeft to duties for re-ihipping for America. The 
 exportation of hats, or wooiicn good*, made in the 
 Colonies, is prohibited, even from one to the other ; 
 and they are forbid alfo to ereft plating or flitting 
 mills, or Reel furnaces, to fecure their application lo 
 the mother-country for the mannfadlores which re- 
 quire them.— The tnumtrmlid goods, of the growthj. 
 produce, or manufaAure, of the Britifti Colonies, vit. 
 tobacco, cotton-wool, indigo, ginger, fuftic or other 
 dying woods, molafles, hemp, copper-ore, beaver-lkins 
 or other furs, pitch, tar. turpentine, mafts, yar^s, 
 bowfprits, fugar, rice, coffee, pimento, cocoa-nuts, 
 whale-fiBS, raw filk hides and Ikins, pot-aihes, pearl- 
 alhes,— are not to be laden on board any veffel, until 
 liie nsafter, with one furety, give bond that the faid 
 goods ihall be landed in fdme Britilh colony, or in 
 Great- Britnn, except rice, which may be exported lo 
 the Southward of Cape Finifterre, and to foreign 
 plantations in America, on payment of the duties, and 
 " obferving 
 
auBiiH 
 
 * ■^«' 
 
 ,88 NEW-ENGLAND. 
 
 fl,v« from Afric<^ and fo^rs, "«fe«; »"f 
 Piaffes, from the Weft-Ind.e,. With the 
 
 money they paid .heir creditor. mEngtod 
 thefugar, they exported to Holtod-Ae 
 
 „„ To Africa : the (laves, lumber. »d 
 provifions, to the Weft-Indies; '"d*'^^ 
 goods to the «eighbou.ing colon.... Add 
 ?o this traffic, that they built annually a great 
 number of veirels, «hich they loaded «.th 
 &lt-fi(h. whale-bone. fi(h-o,l. pitch. «.d ^ > 
 and having dlfpofed of the cargoes, fold 
 A^'mipslLwiL They have a few oter 
 
 manufaaures. of which (P"'''"""' Zt 
 b^ver.hats. are the chief. Througho t 
 the colonies they attempt to ''"kewooUens 
 but whilft their wool continues as coarfe ana 
 
 manner. Nor are i°= , ^ ,h, produce, 
 
 other goods and conunod.^^^^^^^^ ^^ ^^ ,^,„ 
 or manufafture. of the B""*^ Vo ^^^ ^^^^^^^ 
 
 oa board any veffel. »"^''^"J " f Jf^u /ot be carried 
 and one fureiy. that ^^f 80^' ^»" p.„ift.„e, 
 to any pan of Europe Nonhward o* v,^ ^^^^^^^ 
 Lief' to Great-BrUa,n oj I-l-j^- 
 
 v,hkh may be '»»^;^^ ';^; .pTsouthward of Cape 
 . lOands, or any part of »^"">P^ 
 Finifterre, on giving bond as above. 
 
3 L A N D. 
 
 fugars, coffee, and 
 :.Indies. With the 
 reditors in England; 
 :d to Holland-, the 
 (laves, lumber, and 
 -Indies-, and the dry 
 iting colonies. Add 
 built annually a great 
 
 lich they loaded with 
 i(h-oil, pitch, and tarj 
 
 of the cargoes, fold 
 rhey have a few other 
 lich fpirits, iron, and 
 
 chief. Throughout 
 mpt to -.nake woollens; 
 continues as coarfe and 
 
 as 
 
 tions prefcribed by law ; alfo 
 of Cape Finifterre, m like 
 ,„.enumerateJ good^, ^•^^' »» 
 lities of the growth, produce, 
 Britifh Colonies, to be laden 
 tiibondisgWenbythemafter. 
 .fiid goods ftiall not be earned 
 konhwardofCapeFinaerre 
 
 i„ or Ireland, except /««*-. 
 i„ the Madeiras, the Weft " 
 f Europe Southward of Cape 
 ond as above. 
 
 NEW-ENGLAND. i8g 
 
 as fliort as at prefent, they will never bring 
 them to any tolerable degree of perfedlion.-- 
 Here was little paper-money. * 
 
 The people of ConneAicut, who amount 
 to about 192,000, f are remarkably induf> 
 trious ; and, in proportion to their extent 
 of country, export great quantities of lum- 
 ber, fo far as that means barrel and hog> 
 fhead ftaves and heading, hoops, clift- 
 boards, and fhingles of cedar; and the 
 markets in fome of the other colonies are 
 much indebted to this for their fupply of 
 butter, beef, mutton, pork, wheat, and 
 Indian corn. The ftate of religion is 
 much the fame here as in the former 
 
 provmce. 
 
 New- 
 
 * There is a mint at Bofton, which was erefted in 
 i6;2, for coining /hillings, iix-pences, and three- 
 pences, to prevent fraud in money; bat this pro- 
 ceeding making one of the complaints of Charles II. 
 
 i againft the Colony, it was difcontinued. 
 
 t The eftimates given in this pubh'caiion of the 
 
 I number of fouls in the feveral provinces of New- 
 England, New- York, New-Jerfey, I'ennfylvania, Ma- 
 ryland, Virginia, and the Carolina^, were made in Con- 
 grefs, in Septeu.ber, 1774. 
 
MEVr-ENGLAND. 
 
 fequently'iwrfno"'"' foveteignty of 
 
 ,50,000, «">«' '*^ being etoblifc"!- 
 
 Th« Society f" '^^^l.c^.M^ls, 
 Go(pel have t»o "^^^nt of 200 a 
 
 The papet currency » 
 „oo per ""'•.'^■'^Ih.ed among the in- 
 No «li8"» "ftfl'td but all «« »"• 
 habitants of Rh"?'""''^ fo„ „10ion.ries. 
 
 .«ed. The S««^^fc"*idtobecunnln6. 
 
 felftth, >»d ■»"*?, „d corrupt-, wh.ch 
 the «.gift«f P"'l,"i«l coriiitotion of 
 i, „«ing to the dcmocrau ^^ 
 
 ,heprovincc«h"*Vfy. number of 
 pendent on the populace. __^^^.^ 
 
 commerce is much tn ^^^ ^^ „„ 
 
 chafets. e«ept that they ^^^ 
 
AND. 
 I tl\c royal navy 
 dears, andcon- 
 ffiftancc to Great 
 -r fovereignty of 
 
 arc cftimatcd at 
 TS religions, that 
 being eftablilhed. 
 fopagation of the 
 ries there.. Mafts, 
 
 j^n^ount of 200 a 
 their chief exports. 
 
 extremely bad, at 
 
 hed among the in- 
 jd, but all are tolc- 
 ■nd four miffionaries. 
 efaid to be cunning, 
 en to illicit trading-, 
 and corrupt-, which 
 ratical conftitution of 
 J they are totally dc 
 ice The number ot 
 
 ,ut' 59*678, *"d '^f 
 »e fame as the Maffa- 
 ,hey build few or no 
 (hips, 
 
 N E W-Y O R K. 191 
 
 Ihips^ and export very little falt-fifh : but 
 their horfes are much coveted by the other 
 colonics. They have very few manu&c- 
 tures ; fperma-ceti candles is one of the 
 chief. Their paper currency is as bad as 
 that, of New-Hamp(hire. 
 
 The value of Britifli and India commo- 
 dities anuually imported into New-England 
 was nearly 395,000!. and the exports to 
 Britain, were eftimated at 370,500!. The 
 trade of this country was greater formerly j 
 but two capital branches, viz. ftiip-building 
 and the iiftiery, liave been upon the decline 
 for ibme years. 
 
 »Of N E W-Y O R K. 
 
 THE celebrated Hudfon (of whom we 
 have before fpolcen in our account of New- 
 Britain) was the firft European who explored 
 this part of North- America; wliich he did 
 in the year 1608, difcovering and giving his 
 own name to the great river that ftill bears 
 it. By his means the Dutch got footing 
 here ; and though their plantations were 
 
 deftroycd 
 
NEW.YORK. 
 
 year 1613, they, n«vcr 
 
 James 1. ""P' , ^-.^ed the proceeding, 
 rfcnbmg It way ' ^^ „„„. 
 
 ';^,r:: G^:™o' " who« .he u,^- 
 
 ther as v»" r.,Km;fi but during tnc 
 
 too favourable »nopp ^^, „^. 
 
 nT:e-.;S;t«"»"-r'^^, 
 
 '"■ *S and Counties on Dela««e, but 
 New-Jerfey »a ^^o were 
 
 n °"T» fubm t to them in .655- T- 
 conftra-ned " fubm ^^^_, ,he 
 
 theCe terr.tor.« he Uu ^^ ^^^ 
 
 commonappeUanonofNo g^^^^^^.^ 
 
 New Netl>eriands, ana 
 
 -^-'^'"'twfoi were fur. 
 „ar beginning to byeat ou , ^^^^^^^ 
 
R. K. 
 
 gal about the 
 , not only kept 
 ut alfo rc-cfta- 
 lilt a city which 
 I, and became a 
 Governor. King 
 is ufurpation to 
 the proceeding, 
 Veft-India Corn- 
 calling the coun- 
 irdLangdonthi- 
 jm the intruders 
 
 but during the 
 ich afforded them 
 lity, they refumed 
 
 afterwards over- 
 ltories,fincc called 
 
 on Delaware, but 
 Swedes, who were 
 them in 1655. To 
 tch then gave the 
 «JovaBelgia, orthe 
 
 [ maintained their 
 e year 1664, when a 
 out, they were fur- 
 rendered 
 
 NEW-YORK. 193 
 
 rendered to a force font againft them by 
 Charles II. On this event the capital city 
 of New-Amfterdam exchanged its name for 
 New- York, in honour of James, Duke of 
 Yorky to whom Charles had granted the 
 New Netherlands : and thefe countries were 
 confirmed to the Englifh by the peace of 
 Breda, in 1667, in lieu of Surinam, which 
 the Dutch had taken from them. 
 
 In the war of 1672, the Dutch recovered 
 the New Netherlands j but, being reftored 
 by the peace concluded at Weftminfter in 
 Febi 1673-4, they were again granted t6 
 the Duke of York, who di(i>ofed of New- 
 Jerfey, but retained thei couritry of New- 
 York to' hlmfelfi which confeqiiently vefted 
 in the- Crowrt on his acceffion to the fovc- 
 reignty^ and fubfeqiient'abdication. It has 
 fince ccmtinued a royal province, the King 
 appointing the Governor and Council, and 
 the people chufing.a Houfe of Reprefenta- 
 tives, which they da every fcven years. In 
 them is vefted the entire legiflative poWer, 
 each branch having a negative : their laws, 
 however, muft have th^ King's approba- 
 * I tion. 
 
NEW-YORK. 
 
 Zn. and not b= r.p«gn.nt .0 *.(. of 
 
 ''CNio«--.n,p...=ain.o*Upro. 
 vmcr The «hol. numb« of the peopte » 
 Cofed .Ob. .,0.000, g«.t part of whom 
 Sl"dafrom.h.Du.ch.«ho-«jna,«d 
 
 t„ it after its fuhjeftio™ to the Enghlh* bu 
 he e 're alfo numbers of different ongms, a. 
 ' b^^ferredfromthefollowingac^un 
 
 • of the places of worlhip in the "'V <>' ^'" 
 
 York % for ?"<"<>"» »f "" *"" f 
 r U„d ,forDutchPre(byterians, 2for 
 
 3;;:'prU;te,ians. .;o;S-H£re^^ 
 
 v:X' M— • ^""""r" ht 
 
 '^"^''TherUrL Miches, the religion 
 Ke'ch rorEngl.ndbeingeftabllO.ed 
 ttghou.. A fine eollege has lately been 
 teJd, and is called Kl<-«e^^^^^ 
 
 r°i:d'rft'be;l«:»B>«^» 
 
 ""*'? ■• lie any general charaaeriftics. 
 
 „„ed a !«»P'V"7„| f„g.iity : neverthe- 
 theirs an! mduftry ana irug ; ^^ 
 
LK. 
 
 It to thofc of 
 
 ed into this pro- 
 of the people is 
 at part of whom 
 h, who' remained 
 heEngUihi but 
 Ferent origins, as 
 allowing account 
 the city of New- 
 ' the church of 
 jftjyterians •, 2 for 
 for Scotch Pref- 
 Calvinifts -,— the 
 igees, Quakers, 
 Methodifts, and 
 I. In the whole 
 jrches, the religion 
 id being eftabliflied 
 
 ege has lately been 
 
 ing's-college. 
 
 tsofNew-Yorkare 
 
 poflible to give fo 
 ineral chairaaeriftics. 
 Frugality : nevertbe- 
 lefs. 
 
 NEW-YORK. 195 
 
 Icfs, the gentceler fort amufe themfelves 
 with balls and lleighing expeditions in the 
 winter, and form fiftiing parties, and make 
 excurfions into the country, in fummer. 
 On Eaft river, near New- York, are feveral 
 houfes, pleafantly fituated : here, once or 
 twice a week, thirty or forty ladies and gen- 
 tlemen have turtle-fcafts, filing and amu- 
 fing themfelves till the evening •, when they 
 return home in Italian chaifes,* a gentle- • 
 man and lady in each. About three miles 
 from New-York there is a bridge, over 
 which, as theypafs, it is a part of the eti- 
 quette for the gentleman to falute his char- 
 gee i whence the bridge is called Kifling- 
 bridge. Long-Ifland teems with the villas 
 and country-houfes of the wealthy . 
 
 The exports of this colony, which are 
 confiderable, confift chiefly of grain, flour, 
 pork-, flcins, furs, pig-iron, lumber, and 
 "^ I 2 ftaves. 
 
 • The carriage moft in fafhion in this and other 
 pans of America, except Virginia, where coaches, 
 dra^n by fix horfcs, are chiefly ufed. 
 
 i 
 
6 NEW-JERSEY. 
 
 ,„„««t annually »5^6.°o°'-"><',^^,^ 
 
 ^"\r":or:.«ti'::^n«^- 
 
 "„:„, hJ.. «»». .nd o.h. -r,n^;P; 
 
 .Th.r=«nc?<:;.«H.ng.b«»~nc„r«.. 
 cy and billsi>f«n..70 wtopcwnt; 
 
 . Of KEW-JERSEY. 
 
 THE fi,ftE««p«u.fcttU«intl«.t»ft 
 „f North.An.«i« were Swrfc". *;"• ™ 
 
 valuable. 
 
■^»" 
 
 BY. 
 
 1 only, before 
 
 vere faid *> 
 
 and the im- 
 
 not left th«n^ 
 
 er'wl inft«wf«c- 
 
 ,f cloth. f^«' 
 «r wearing'ap^ 
 •eflned fug«f», 
 d feme (hip84 
 letwecn curroB- 
 per centi 
 
 ^SEY. 
 
 ilcrs in thi» tt»fl} 
 Swedes, hut on 
 t ta the Dutch in 
 
 :^ together with 
 New- 
 
 is. It is made of the 
 oyfter-rtiell, and pur- 
 ipped to a proper fiw, 
 and finooth, and po- 
 )f the ftiellis purple, 
 is by much the moll 
 
 N EW-JERSEY. 197 
 
 N«w.York» the New Netherlands. We 
 have already related, in our account ot 
 New. York, that the territories (o named 
 were reduced by Charles II. in 1664. On 
 this event, the Duke of York, (afterwards 
 James II.) to whom the fame had beeti 
 previoudy granted, difpofed of that portion 
 we are now treating of, to Lord Berkeley 
 of Stratton and Sir George Carteret, from 
 which laft gentleman it received tlie name 
 of New- Jerfey. his family eftate lying in 
 the ifland of Jerfey. The New Nether- 
 lands were ratified to the Engliih by the 
 treaty of Breda in 1667, and Lord Berke- 
 ley affigned his (hare m Ncw-Jerfisy over to 
 others j and thefe new proprietois had 
 agreed upon a partition with Sir George, 
 when the Dutch, in 1673, recovered the 
 country: however, it being reaored to 
 the Engliih in Feb. 1673-4, f'eJh grants 
 pafled, firft from the King to the Duke of 
 York, and afterwards from him to the far- 
 mer proprietors 1 whereupon New- Jerfey 
 was divided into two portions, denominated 
 Eaft and Weft Jerfey, Sir George pofleffing 
 
 I 3 '^^^ 
 
 ! 
 f 
 
,98 NEW-JERSEY. 
 
 ,h. former. Both diftria. in «■»« ^"''''* 
 i„,„ many h.nd,, .nd variou, d,(ftn o„ 
 .„d difturbances fprungup : '""f"^'^' 
 ,he proprietor.. thougl> not without t«n- 
 porfr, interruption,. m,int..ned thm .u- 
 
 Lriey till the year .703 > «•;'"• 'iTr' 
 
 ■ i„g been judged by them expedient » fur- 
 
 render their right of gov.m,ng.oQi«« 
 
 Anne, the two P™P"""y '«""l~ 
 into one royal government;, the Governor 
 ,„d Council being nomm.ted by the 
 Crown, and the Reprefentatrves by the peo- 
 pie. Each branch has a negative. The 
 General AfTemblie, are held at Perth-Am- 
 boy and Burlington alternately, at the la - 
 ,.r of which places the Governor generally 
 
 refides. . . .. 
 
 province, but the Society have f« m.ffio- 
 Lrieshere, and. amidft the different per- 
 Xs. the church of England gam. P.»- 
 
 felyte, d«ly. Here are 22 <*»«>'"•" 
 Englilh and Scotch Prefbyterun meetmg- 
 
 houfe., « Dutch. 39 QS*"»' » ^^ 
 
lime devolved 
 us diffentions 
 
 ncverthclefs, 
 without tcm- 
 lined their au- 
 when, it hav- 
 pedient to Tur- 
 ning to Queen 
 became united 
 
 the Governor 
 lated by the 
 ives by the peo- 
 legative. The 
 I at Perth- Am- 
 tely, at the lat- 
 vernor generally 
 
 i religioji in this 
 J have fix miffio- 
 the different per- 
 igland gains pro- 
 22 churches, 57 
 byterian meeting- 
 Juakers, 22 Bap- 
 tifts. 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA. i99 
 tifts, 7 Lutheran, 1 Moravian, 1 Separa- 
 tifts, and I Rogercens meeting- houfc. 
 The New-Jerfey-men, aie truly gcntlc- 
 
 „,en farmers, living upon their eftates , 
 and are good-natured, hofp.table, and ot a 
 
 liberal turn of mind. There are fuppo^^d 
 to be 130.000 fouls in this province. (Ne- 
 groes included, of whom there is a greater- 
 or Icfs number in all the colonies.) 
 
 New-Jerfey. though efteemed the garden 
 of North-America, has no foreign trade, 
 the inhabitants felling its produftions to the 
 merchants of Philadelphia and New York, 
 of whom they take European articles in 
 return. Their paper is at about 70 P« 
 cent, difcounc, but in very good repute. 
 
 Or PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 ADMIRAL Sir William Penn, in con- 
 
 lideration of his national fervices. and (as 
 
 fome fay) of a debt due to him from the 
 
 Crown, obtained a promife of this country 
 
 from Charles II. but lived not to fee it fu - 
 J . filled. 
 
 ^am 
 
aoo PENNSYLVANIA, 
 filled. After fome time, his fon, WiUiam 
 Pcnn, the famous Quaker, finding his fpi- 
 ritual brethren harraffed in every part of 
 England on account of their religion, ftre- 
 nuoufly applied to Court for the grant pro- 
 roifed to his father •, which, with many fo- 
 licitations, he obtained in 1681. and pur- 
 chafed the country of the Indians. The 
 nip of land now called the Three Lawer 
 Counties on Delaware was not included m 
 jhc above grant, but purchafed by Mr. 
 Penn of James, Duke of York i and the 
 county of Bedford, lying Wcftward of the 
 mountains on the Ohio, was bought of the 
 Indians known by the name of the Sik Nati- 
 ons no longer ago than the y?ar 1768, ami 
 
 fettled in 1771. . 
 
 On being granted, the country received 
 the name of Pennfylvania, in honour of the 
 •^roprietor, whofe excellent charadler and 
 plan for forming his colony drew after him 
 not only great numbers of Quakew, but 
 alfo many other perfons of different religi- 
 ous perfuafions. infomuch that upwards of 
 2000 accQmpanie4 him on his firft going 
 
 overj 
 
A N I A. 
 
 ifon, WiUUm 
 finding his fpi- 
 
 €very part of 
 r religioPt ftr< - 
 • the grant pro- 
 , with many fo- 
 1681, and pur- 
 
 Indiana. The 
 e Three Lawer 
 not included in 
 chafed by Mr. 
 
 Yorki and the 
 leftward of the 
 IS bought of the 
 of the SiK Nati- 
 
 ypar 1768, and 
 
 country received 
 , in honour of the 
 i\t character and 
 \y drew after him 
 ofQuakets, but 
 f different religi- 
 li that upwards of 
 on his firft going 
 overj 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA. 101 
 
 over i and, whether for the fake uf religU 
 on or commercial advantages, people alt^r- ■ 
 wards continued to flock to him, as well 
 from other nations as England : for civil 
 and religious liberty, in the moft liberal 
 fenfe, was the great foundation of this 
 wife man's inftitutions ; and Chrijiiam, 
 without exception, were allowed to (hare 
 in the government,— which is proprietary, 
 and confifts of a Governor, appointed, with 
 the King's approbation, by the proprietor, 
 and a Houfe of Reprefcntatives chofen by 
 the people. The Three Lower Counties, 
 viz. Newcaftle, Suffex, and Kent, have a 
 diftinft Affembly and government •, for, 
 though the fame Governor prefides over 
 both, the members of the Houfe of Repre- 
 fcntatives are different, and are ekfted folely 
 by thefe three counties. 
 
 Pennfylvania, including the Delaware 
 Counties, is fuppofed to contain 350,000 
 fouls, of various nations indeed, but with 
 fewer Negroes among them than might be 
 expefted. They are not fo hofpitable to 
 ftrangers as the generality of the other colo- 
 1 nics i 
 
,o« PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 :«omp«n«/.han .he men. Dancmg .. 
 Tea favourite an.ufe.cnt !-»'">-; 
 when fnow U upon the ground, another 
 „f„, diverfion is to make ""gh-i .P-^^l 
 or to go upon it in Hedges. In the fum- 
 ZX partie's of pleafure are alfo formed 
 for recreation in the country, or upon the 
 
 t .< ladles and ihe fame number of 
 
 once a for.nighc ^^^.t: .Ir^^^^^^ -m. to dine 
 v^here they have "^^'^^^^^ ^ jeafani walks are 
 and drink tea .n. A ""'"^J' ^ ,^„k,, ,he river. 
 ^bout it ; and feme w.ld and rugge ^ ^^^^^ ^^ 
 
 and n«'s'»^°V""«X" (f Jv p aurefque. The la- 
 ,„ce romantic «"'d>''''i"2e uniform. Boats and 
 dies drefs in a neat an^ fimple «^"°J ^,,5 ^^ 
 
 fifl.ing-tackle are »» »:»"^' ""^.^ the v^ater; fifhing, 
 ,hemfelves either vjuh g°'"S »f " ^f ^ „,ft greeahle 
 walking, dancing, f.ngmg. &c. &c. w « ««« & 
 
r A N 1 A. 
 
 induftrious, and 
 
 ny. The women 
 
 and much more 
 
 nen. Dancing is 
 
 nt in winter-, and, 
 
 ground, another 
 e fleighing-parties, 
 Iges. In the fum- 
 e are alfo formed 
 ntry, or upon the 
 
 n U eftabliihed in 
 that believe in God 
 h part of the inha- 
 bitants 
 
 and the feme number of 
 es in the province, meet 
 banks of the SchuilktSI, 
 ery pleafant room, to dine 
 er of pleafant walks arc 
 d rugged Tocks, the river, 
 onfpiretoformalceneat 
 lly piaurefque. The la- 
 nple uniform. Boats and 
 and the company dehght 
 »g upon the water, fifhvng, 
 5jc &c. as is moft agreeable 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA. 203 
 
 bitants are Quakers. Twelve clergymen 
 are maintained here by the Society for pro- 
 
 pagatingtheGofpel: omeoM^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 
 itinerant miffionaries. In the city or 
 delphia there are two churches, one Swedifh, 
 and one Romi(h chapel, three Quakexs 
 meeting-houfes, two Prefbytenan one Lu- 
 theran, one Dutch Calvinift, one Anabaptift, 
 and one Moravian meeting-houfe. 
 
 Before the prefent commotions, the peo- 
 ple built annually 25 veffels, and exported 
 proviftons of all kinds, lumber, hemp, flax, 
 flax-feed, iron, furs, and deer-fkins, to the 
 annual amount of 705.500I. and the value 
 of their imports from Britain was about 
 61 i,oooK The difference of exchange be- 
 tween bills and the currency of this province 
 is about 75 per cent. The manufaaures 
 are numerous and good : better hats are 
 made here than in Europe-, fome Inlh let- 
 tiers make good linen -. and Germantowtv 
 thread ftocking^ are highly admired: cou- 
 fiderable alfo are the manufaftures of cord- 
 age, linfeed-oil, ftarch, myrtle-wax, fpeima- 
 
 c«ti candles, foap, earthen ware, &c. &c. 
 
 Ok 
 
 
204 
 
 MARYLAND. 
 Of MARYLAND. 
 
 RELIGION of one fort or other 
 appears to have been a main fpring of 
 EngliOx cobnizing in America: New- 
 England, it has already been flicwn, owes 
 its eftabliftitnent to the Brownifta and the 
 Puritans, and Pennfylvania to the Quakers ; 
 that of Maryland originated from the Ro- 
 man Catholics. Thefe people being gene- 
 rally diftilwd towwds the elofe of the rwgn 
 of Charles 1. George QiWert, Lord B4u- 
 more, obtained the promife of a grant Qf 
 this country as an afyhjm for them-. bi»« 
 he dying before the patent was fully raadQ 
 out, it was finiftiedjn the behalf of bitfon, 
 Cecilius, Lord Baltinwrc, in J^a*. Ac- 
 cordingly, the yew foUpwing, about 20Q 
 Papifts (moft Qi them oC r^utaJjle families) 
 embarM to tftl?:e ppfftfllon of this new 
 territory* tp which Wf* given the name of 
 Maryland, in honQHf of Henrietta. Macia^ 
 King Charles's Qmeqn. They pwchafed 
 ® ^ th^ 
 
N D. 
 
 fv N n. 
 
 fort or other 
 nam fpring of 
 acricft : Ncw^ 
 m flicwn, owea 
 3wnift« and the 
 to the Quakers ; 
 d from the Ro- 
 ple being gene- 
 ofe pf the reign 
 frt. Lord MUf 
 fe of a grant of 
 
 for them-, \3W% 
 It was fully mad9 
 behalf of hi? fen, 
 , in J63*. Ac- 
 wing, about 2QQ 
 eputajble families) 
 flon of this new 
 ;iven the name of 
 HenriettarMacia* 
 
 They purchafed 
 
 MARYLAND. 205 
 
 the landa of the Indiawi and, it i« faid, 
 that, in the firft two ^ears. Lord Baltimore 
 expended 40,000 1. in tranfporting people 
 over thither, and furnilhing the colony with 
 ftores and pcovifions. Oliver Cromwell 
 deprived Lord; Baltimore of his rights, and 
 appointed a new Governor in his room» 
 At the ReftoraCion, Charles, Lord Balti- 
 more, fon to Cecilius, obtained a confirma- 
 tion of the grant, and next year ftnt over 
 his fca Charles as Governor, on whom both 
 the title and eftate afterwards devolved, and 
 by wfaoCb wife regulations the colony flou- 
 fUhed and iocreafed exceedingly. In the 
 reign of Jamet II. it was again in agitaiion 
 to deprive the Baltimore family of their 
 righ»-/buttheraeafure was prevented by 
 that Monarch's own troubles. It fo fat 
 took place, however, at the Revolution, as 
 that they were diverted of the power of go- 
 verning, on account of their being Roman 
 Catholicsv but after the family profeffcd the 
 Proteftant Religion, they were reftored to 
 their former authority. 
 
 The 
 
,o6 MARYLAND. 
 The late Lord Baltimorc.who died m i77[. 
 
 J ,ea^h!d his property in Maryland, m 
 bequeathea n» y f ' , cr ^ ,„i. 
 tail male, to Henry Harford, m^ 
 
 claims a negative upon every Du , 
 
 l,g,on B that oi " ^^^^y^ 
 
 tobacco, whercuy nevcrthelcfs, 
 
 • W Irter. The diiF«.n« of exd«»ge 
 tionbycBMrer. between 
 
 bet 
 pre 
 
N D. 
 
 hodiedmi77i, 
 I Maryland, in 
 rd, Efqi a mi- 
 
 lof 12 pcrfon** 
 the Proprietor 
 
 regal,) together 
 tives eleaed by 
 ; government of 
 The Proprietor 
 iry bill, exclufive 
 
 in Maryland is 
 he eftabliftied re- 
 I of England, to 
 ry every titheablc, 
 ', and all Negroes 
 o) ih their refpec-. 
 
 Ltribute 30^^- °^ 
 
 make more than 
 
 im : neverthelcfs, 
 
 ,5iw;.Cat;hoUQ5 .?i9 
 
 :xemptedft<w»ta**^- 
 
 eference of exchange 
 
 between 
 
 VIRGINIA. 207 
 
 between paper-money and currency in this ' 
 province is about 50 per cent. • 
 
 For particulars refpefting the trade of 
 this country, we refer the reader to the 
 following account of Virginia i wherem he 
 will alfo be enabled to judge of the people 
 of Maryland by what is faid of the Virgmi- 
 ans, there being little or no difference be- 
 tween them in point of chara<aer. 
 
 Of V I R G I N I A. 
 
 THE firft- fettlement which the Englifti 
 made on the other fide of the vaft Atlantic 
 was in this part of the American continent, 
 but not without great toil and difficulty. 
 Several attempts were made under the di- 
 reftions of Sir Walter Raleigh, in confc- 
 qucnce of letters patent he obtamed in 
 1/584, authorifing him « to poffefs, plant, 
 « and enjoy, for himfelf and fuch perfons 
 .. as he Ihould nominate, thcmfelves. and 
 « their fucceffors, all fuch lands, territoriw, 
 « &c. as they (hould difcovcr, not in^the 
 
 " poueinon 
 
,ol VIRGINIA. 
 
 « poftffion of any Chnfti»« nation » The 
 country was called Virginia, m compliment 
 Z the Virgin-Queen Elizabeth, a na«>e 
 which from thence became common, tor a 
 time, to a large portion of North- Am«r.ca: 
 but partly from the extreme difficulty of the 
 ut^dertaking, and partly from the matten- 
 tion paid to Sir Walter's orders, h.s en- 
 deavours failed ; as did fome attempts 
 made, with his permiffion, by other perfons, 
 the adventurers perifhing either through 
 famine, difeafe. or the ferocity of Ae Indu 
 ans • In another e'ntetprizc, which was 
 fet on foot by a Society incorporatj^by 
 
 fames I. in .606, denommated the London 
 Company, (as we ha^ mendoned in ««r 
 aecount of New-England.) the people, hav- 
 iflg been reduced by *e fai.« means to^a 
 
 fofam feeble number, had. in ^^^-^^jf^-^ 
 allyfetfailontheir return to England m 
 .6.0. when, meeting Lord Delaware, .n 
 
 the mouth of Chefepeafc-bay, wuh> a (^^-^ 
 liM. J 
 
I A. 
 
 I nation.** The 
 , in compliment 
 abeth •, a name 
 
 common, for a 
 North- America ; 
 s difficulty of the 
 rom the matten- 
 
 orders, hts cn- 
 fome attempts 
 by other perfons, 
 5 cither through 
 ocity of the Indi- 
 prizc, which was 
 
 incorporated by 
 inated the London 
 mendoned in our 
 ,) the peopie, hav- 
 
 fanw means to a 
 I, in defpair, v&n- 
 rn to England in 
 Lord Delaware, in 
 :-bay, with' a fqua- 
 droa 
 
 ir Walter Raleigh were 
 e limits of Korth'CarO' 
 
 V liRO I Nil A. 
 
 J»Q9 
 
 4eonlad<» with prpVifinhs mA all iftcoefla- 
 fitt, they were perfiiadcd to difemtwrk 
 again, and renew their wdeavosws -, which 
 being aflifted by tHeEwl'is advioe, pru- 
 itence, and winning behavitmr. the ookwy 
 was at length fcttlfid, •od put on » i«fp«aft- 
 bte footing. Tbcy biilt the firft town the 
 E»gU<h bad in th« New World, which they 
 caUed James town. The colony incrcafcd 
 greatly, and. 4»»#ng the fwWiqwmt civil 
 ifm in fb* fnothfj'Wtttttry, aflforded refuge 
 tpjnmy of the rpy^llfts-. and. under the 
 g9vernm«nt pf Sir William BerlwUy, held 
 put for the King, until reduced rather by 
 ilwtftgein thin fofce, As it wa» the laft 
 tofiibmiitoth«OUverUtt yoke, fo it was 
 the firft to eaft it off » aod Charles 11. was 
 proclaimed King by Sir William in Vir- 
 ginia, even before he was reftored m Eng- 
 land. About the year 1676. ft young 
 lawyer, naajcd Bacon, taking advantage of 
 fome difcontenta which prevailed in the co- 
 j©ny, cKcited the common people to a rebel- 
 
 lion, butby his tifl»«>y P»t«'«^^ ^***'^ ^^^' 
 ipilUty ym fepn weftaWifl^ed. . ^ 
 
 ;U» 
 
 I 
 
„o VIRGINIA 
 
 JtU ™ ««cifed by . Governor »d 
 
 •r»mnMiv. but in the year i6jo it wm 
 S.iv,f..b..»«id..hWbra»^. 
 
 !!Jv,l. In 1616, hoWever, great diforders 
 Cvtg «^fci .ki^gb n»l.«.minlftr..ion 
 Ch«ll I. diffoWa the Company, and 
 f«" Ae country and government under 
 to o«» tom«li.te direaion, by .ppomnng 
 AeGov«n.r and council h,mfe.f.".dUu, 
 
 lft,tuti.nha,bee.rmcepr.ferv^.e«h 
 
 of the three branches having a negative 
 :llr..:.propof.d.«.d.heKi.^s.pp«. 
 
 b.tio.bringnece(6rytorend«*.m^P« 
 
 manent The Governor is generally a 
 
 "Xeftabliflied religion is that of the 
 
 ::-a::t^rr;;:J-?^ 
 
 sroftotr^rs^ft^^ 
 
1 A. 
 
 liftion over tlus 
 , Governor and 
 jy the London 
 u 1620 it was 
 a third branch, 
 B, deaed by the 
 r, great difordcrs 
 al-aidminiftration. 
 Company, and 
 ivernment under 
 n, by appointing 
 himfelf i and this 
 5 preferved, each 
 aving a negative 
 the Kihg's appro- 
 render them per- 
 is generally a no- 
 on is that of the 
 d the clergy, who 
 f a fuperintendent 
 )ndon, have each a 
 esofland, ahoufc, 
 V of 16,000 wt. of 
 
 nee of 170Q ^^^^ 
 for 
 
 M . . Il> I'tf' l - ■ ' ''" ' I " ' ' "1 ' ""HI 
 
 VIRGINIA. "« 
 
 f„lhrink.g.. H«..« butfcwDif- 
 '"mp«,plt-.nV,rgi-U«ecompu«dt. 
 
 b. 650.000. . gr«t pri of "h""" «'-/:'' 
 UfaU other fla»e,.-W. ««» fPf^ °' 
 
 obferving. with L..h.. gen.'"' ch.r^«^ 
 .re always UaM' "> '"""' exceptions— 
 TTheimate and external appearance of 
 
 Ae country.- &y«l«. " ^^f"" " ■""^! 
 A.m indolent. «ify. and i^'^''^' 
 extremely fond of fodety. «.d moch g.»en 
 " convivial pleafures. 1» "".^^»« . 
 this, they feldom Ihew any fpint of enter 
 pr;;e.oLpofe.hemlelveswinngyt.J^ 
 
 rime. Their authority over their "ave. 
 reisers them vain and imperious, and mt>t* 
 ftr»g.rstoth.tdeg«.ce of fen'iment wh.A 
 i, foV-Ji-ly charateiftic of reftned «ri 
 poUm^ nation,. . ^hcr .gnorance^^ 
 
 .« A gentleman feme year, .go' travelling «poi» 
 •«, at ft miferable p antation j where, exciuii»^ 
 
 'Ny:.r »:: ^1^^,^.^^" """ts:. 
 
 ■; 
 
„a V I R G l^N I A. 
 
 maiikmd, »nd of learning, expofes them to 
 many errors and prejudices, efpeciaUy m 
 Kgtid to Indian* ftad Negroes, whom they 
 fcaicely oonfider as of the human fpeciea i 
 tbitii almoft impoffiblc, in cafes of vw- 
 lenc«, or even <nurder. wmmittcd upon 
 thofc unhappy people, by V o(thc pWw 
 ters. to have the delinquents brought to 
 jufticc: for either the gnuid jury tefufc u, 
 find the bill, or the petit jury bring m t^usir 
 verdift. not guilty. The difplay of r. «h«. 
 raaer thus conftituted will naturally be m 
 ofts of extravagance, oftentation. and a dJl- 
 
 regard of economy The women are, 
 
 u«>nthc whole, rather handfome, though 
 not to be compared with our fair co^ntry. 
 women in Engl«id. 1 h*y have but few 
 advantages, and confe,-^^.^ - ^^^^^ 
 
 «Jfe and one daughter about i6 years of age. Being 
 he was to ileep j accordingly they pointea lo - 
 
 hft of all the young lady." 
 
expoTes them to 
 !s, efpeciaUy in 
 roes, whom they 
 human fpeciesi 
 in cafcB «f vio- 
 committed upon 
 tny of the pWw 
 ^uentB brought to 
 nd jury refufc to 
 ury bring in their 
 [ difplay of a. «Ha- 
 11 naturally be in 
 ntation, and a djf- 
 . The vfomcn arc, 
 handfome, though 
 our fair co^ntry- 
 hty have but few 
 aently are fcldom 
 accomplift^ed i 
 
 i6 years of age. Being 
 thein to fljew him where 
 they pointed to a bed in 
 they were fitting. The 
 .(r«d , but, ««i»»8.««': 
 f uodreffed himfelfi *»d 
 me the old gentlew»nuin 
 t the oW genilenaa, wd 
 
 VIRGINIA. zt3 
 
 accompliihedi this makes them referved, 
 and unequal to any interefting or refined 
 convirfiition. They are fanmodemtdy fond 
 of dancing. Towards: tin; cbfe of an even^ 
 tng^ when the company are pretty well 
 tired with cooatry>-dances, it is ufuai to 
 dtoce jigs i, * pradlice: originally borrowed^ 
 I am informed^ from tile Negroes. • Ext- 
 cepting thefit amufementSt and: now and 
 then a^ party oft pleafure- into^ the wooda to 
 partake of a barbaouc, the ladies dmftyi 
 fpend their time in ftwing and taking care 
 ofl their families •, they fbldom rcadi or en^ 
 deavourto improve their mindsj. however? 
 they are in general good houfewivea •, «id 
 though they have not, V think, quite 
 fo much' tendernefs and; finfibiUty as the 
 Engiifh ladiosi; yeo they make- as good 
 
 wives, 
 
 * " Thefe dances are without any niethiod or reg«i 
 lirity : tugonilemtn and lady ftaad:up» and dance about 
 I he. room, one of iliein.rctiiing, the other piurluing, 
 ihen perhaps meeting, in an irregular faniadical man- 
 ner. After fome time, another lady gets up, and then 
 ihoArft Jadf muft fn down, ihebeing, as thcy^" term 
 it,cikt,oul.: the fecond lady afts the fame p?irt which 
 the firft did,- till fom.oody cuts her out. The gemle- 
 meirptrform in the fame manner." , 
 
VIRGINIA- 
 
 .lone. t. the vd'-'f^'';, g,ooo hogf- 
 81. «ch, t. the •»»«' ;^'fen«d for 
 
 hon.ec,nf»mpt.on, Hdmg. y ^ ^^^ 
 ,61. ... P" '««*'r' J^ "'o; oar m«- 
 
 the kingdom. '" ,h,„fore, cnnot but 
 b,„ch of ""-"^JZ^ Ae «ldif.on.l 
 ftrike every one, X"^^. vix. th.t 
 
 i, e«'P><>y'^"° 7' t, Jo feamen ! But 
 „„ft«,t n-*'? for ne« 40 ^^^ .„ 
 
 to«.sn^«^^**^^„h.a..lndUn 
 other «ticles,--n»™ _ ^^^i, 
 
 """• '"/JHor:.^' ti.. "Hole .- 
 
 being added to tne i Creat-Britam 
 
 „o«nt of their cxporta^Km^^^ 
 
 rofe to 1,040,000^- a"""*"^' they 
 
 i: 
 
W- ii iiriO 
 
 J 1 A. 
 
 ^ as any m the 
 
 prior to the civil 
 prevailing. «nnu- 
 Jrittun, of tobacco 
 j,oool. that is, at 
 
 of 96,000 hogf- 
 ,f thefe fetved for 
 
 ling, by « d«ty f 
 351,675^. to the 
 , &2,5oo our mer- 
 differcnt countries 
 jd their value into 
 nefits of this finglc 
 lerefore, cannot but 
 ally if the additional 
 confidered, viz. that 
 
 ,f fhips. «md w*» * 
 ^ 4000 feamcn I But 
 e provinces traded in 
 
 ftores, wheat, Indian 
 and barsi &c. which 
 ,bacco. the whole a- 
 ation to Great-Bntain 
 «xually. and in return 
 they 
 
 C AiR O L 1 N A'8. ai5 
 they took of Britilh manufaAurea to the 
 vulue of 865,0001* 
 
 Of the C AR OLIN A's. 
 
 THESE countries, rtotwithftanding the 
 Englifti right to them derived from Cabot's 
 difcovery, were formerly claimed by the 
 Spaniards as part of Florida, which name 
 they would fain have extended to the whole 
 continent of America North of Mexico. 
 The lands, however, lay negledled till the 
 year 1562, when a party of French hugo- 
 nots attempted a fcttlement, built Charles- 
 Fort at Port-Royal, and called the tertitory 
 Carolina, in honour of their King (Charles 
 IX.) Thefe were maflacred by fome Spa- 
 niards in 1564, and they, in turn, were 
 deftroyed by other frenchmen in 1567, 
 who, neverthelefs, dropped their dcfign of 
 fettling there. At length, in 1663. the 
 Lords Clarendon, Albemarle, Craven, 
 Berkeley, and Afhley (afterwards Shaftef- 
 bury,) Sir George Carteret, Sir William 
 Berkeley, and Sir John Colleton, obtained 
 
civil »»ongft the^ r*^ 'hrtythe ye- 
 q„„ri. with the Ind«ns* "•d.^'^ ^ ^ 
 •^..S, brought the ptovmc. to *e^ 
 
^ 
 
 N A's- 
 
 ted by law-, which 
 . gjeat Mf . Locke. 
 as called Charles- 
 AWfl*. thtpiatten- 
 
 tltfg fotih titles dP 
 it pi^pef. provldwl^ 
 s aft ^«Jtc cottfti^te* 
 glyy thef apipoitfl** 
 tibfef tb hold a ptt- 
 (Stiiof. trtid^^thfc de- 
 ,, and crt««^ a f*** 
 ttc«, to anf»«t to the 
 
 taken to form their 
 
 ,atte«ded ^Mith tte^ut- 
 diftraaion. Impohtic 
 rtiftVation- in fottte of 
 tention retigious. and 
 .eoplc,^ added to their 
 lians, had, bythe year 
 .rovincc to the brink of 
 deftruftion. 
 
 C A R 
 
 O L I N A's. 217 
 
 deftruaion, and the then proprietors fold 
 their interefts therein to the Crown for the 
 confiderktion of 22,5001. excepting John, 
 Lord Carteret (afterwards Earl of Gran- 
 ville,) who retained his (hare. On this 
 event, the country was divided into the two 
 diftrifts of North and South Carolina. |nd 
 put under two diftinft royal governments, 
 on the fame plan as the others under thp ^ 
 King's immediate authority; and harmoa/ 
 being eftablilhed. both amongft the p<^»ple. 
 and with the Indians, fuccefs and prol^^ty 
 have fince crowned their proceedings.— The 
 cftabliftied religion is that of the church of 
 
 England. 
 
 The Carolinians live in much the lame 
 cafy and lu.iurious manner as the Virgini- 
 i ans. The planters are remarkably hof- 
 pitable towards ftrangers •, and perfons who 
 fall into diftrefs through bad fuccefs or 
 misfortune fcarce ever fail of being re- 
 lieved by their liberality : fo that beggary 
 is almoft unknown in thefe parts of the 
 
 world, _. 
 
 K There 
 
ai8 NORTH-CARQLINA. 
 
 There ^re (uppoiW to be 300.000 fouls in 
 I^ORTHi-CAROLINA. amongft whom 
 are great numbers of Negroe* and other 
 flaves— The t^xaWes in 1 77 3 ^"^ *=°f P"''. 
 cd to amount tQ. 64.000 ; the numlKjr of 
 Negress and Mul»ttoe8 abwut io,ooo.«-«^ 
 Exchange with Gteat-Britain,i75l. <<» »o°*- 
 fte^Ung. Legal intereft 6 per cent, per ann. 
 Bills returned proteftcd fubjefted the draw- 
 ers. ^c. to 15 per fent. re-exchange, and 
 ^op^r.cent. intereft.^The commercc^of 
 this country appears to have been negleaed 
 very much, on a comparifon with that of 
 South-Carolina.-lts exports to Gjeat-Bn- 
 tain, before the prefent troubles, fell ihort 
 of ,00.0001. per ann. and its imports fcarce 
 rofe to more than 20.000I. Some trade, 
 however, was carried on with the Weft- 
 Indies. , . 
 
 In the year 1770. the number of whue 
 inhabitants in Charles-town, SOU! ti- 
 e A R O L 1 N A, was 5030 i-the number 
 of Negro and other (laves, 6276 ; free ISe- 
 groesTMulattoes, &c. 24. Exclufive of 
 L above in Charles-town, the Negrojnd 
 
JLINA. 
 300,000 fouls in 
 amongft whom 
 groe» and other 
 y3 werccomput- 
 the numl)erof 
 wt io>ooo.«-«-^ 
 
 jtr cent, per ann. 
 i)jeaed the draw- 
 re-exchange, and 
 he commerce of 
 ve been negletfted 
 irifon with that of 
 orts to Great-Bri- 
 roubles, fell (ho rt 
 its imports fcarce 
 ,ol. Some trade, 
 n with the Weft- 
 
 j number of white 
 »wn, SOUTH- 
 1030 i — «l»e number 
 », 6276 i free Ne- 
 24. Exclufive of 
 wn, the Negro and 
 other 
 
 SOUTH.CAROLINA. 219 
 
 other fkvts amounted to 75,452 » ^'" 
 Negroes, &CC. 125. Grew numbers have 
 been fmce imported •, and the whole num- 
 ber of Negroes, Mulattoes, . &c. nowm 
 the province, is fuppofed to be i20»ooo. 
 thetbtJd number of fouls is eftimated by 
 the Congrefs at 225,006. 
 
 The trade of South-Carolina has had a 
 furprifitig increafe. In the year 1734. ^^e 
 annual vAlue of the exports was calculated 
 ailittlfcmorc thtn locoooU fterllktg : fw 
 fome years paft they have ambuntid ta hsdf 
 « million fterlibg. Thole to Grfcat^Btitain 
 only (confiftlng of native commoditits, for 
 which the reader is referred to the Tible 
 fiibjoined). previous to the pnftAt ruinous 
 interruption, wer6 reckoned at 395Vobol. 
 and the imports in return fron^. hence at 
 365,0001. The remainder goes chiefly to 
 the Weft-Indies. Again, the number of 
 veffels cleared out in Charles-town, in 1734, 
 was 209 i in 1736» ^^7 » ini77*» 43i » 
 and in ,773. 507- -The exchange with 
 Great-Britain was 700I. currency for lool. 
 ftcrling i— with Bofton, 541I. 138. 4d. for 
 K2 lOol. 
 
 iMMliil 
 
a2o SOUTH-CAROLINA. 
 
 xool. lawful moneyi-.withNew.York,40ol. 
 
 for lool. New-York currency j— with Phila- 
 delphia, 433I. 6s. 8d. for lOol. Pcnnfyl- 
 
 vania currenqy -.-with Jamaica and Barba- 
 does, 500I. for lOol. currency of each of 
 thefaid iaands i— with Antigua, St. Chnl- 
 topher, Grenada, &c. 400I. for lOol cui- 
 rencyofeach of the faid iflands.-EU^* of 
 exchange on Great-Britain, New-York, 
 and Philadelphia, >^ere ufually drawn at 30 
 days fight : they were fcldom drawn on any 
 of the other provinces, or any of the Weft- 
 India iflands. When returned protcfted. 
 
 the drawers, &c. were fubjefted to 1 5 P« 
 cent, re-exchange, and 8 per cent intereft. 
 
 The fums neceffary for defraying the an. 
 nualexpences of government are r»ifedby 
 a poll-t^on (Uves and free Negroes - tax 
 on land, value of town-lots and buildings, 
 
 monies at intereft or "i^^g f ^",1^; 
 
 ftock in trade, and the profits of all facul- 
 
 t a^d prokions, the clergy -F-^. 
 
 faftoraae and employment, and handicratt- 
 t:^rUhich U called the gener^ U^ 
 Inthelawpaffedini768, toraifetheto 
 of 105,7731. 9- 6d. the proportions we^ 
 
ILINA. 
 lew- York, 400U 
 y .—with Phila- 
 • lool. Pcnnfyl- 
 laica and Barba- 
 ency of each of 
 tigua, St. Chrif- 
 )l. for lool. cur- 
 illands.— Bin* of 
 ain, New-York, 
 lally drawn at 30 
 om drawn on any 
 •any of the Weft, 
 turned protcfted, 
 ibjefted to 15 per 
 J per cent intereft, 
 defraying the an- 
 ment ate r»ifed by 
 •ec Negroes, a tax 
 ots and buildings, 
 ing from annuities, 
 proats of all facul- 
 5 clergy excepted, 
 nt, and handicraft- 
 :d the general tax. 
 )8, to raife the fum 
 fi proportions were 
 as 
 
 SOUTH-CAROLINA. 221 
 aa follow, being what are generally obferv- 
 cd, viz. flaves and free Negroes the head. 
 ns, 6d.— lands the 100 acres, las. 6d.— 
 town-lots and buildings, 6s. 3d. on 
 every lOol. value -.—monies at mtereft, 
 6s. zd. the iool.-annuities, 25s. on every 
 lool-^ock in trade, profits of faculties 
 and profeffions. &c. 6s. 3d. on every lOoL 
 The general tax collefted in 1769 was 
 ,46,1991.". 5d. ^ndthe laft collefted. 
 
 vit. in r77»» was ,02,1 III. 13- "«!• . 
 ' The annual <xpence8 of government m 
 
 ,767 »mobntedtoi5«.3«7l- 9^' 3^'"^f 
 /76St0 .64,4401. 19s. 3d. The ftipends 
 of theeftablifhcd clergy, parochial charges, 
 &c. tmouhting to about i8,oool. per ann. 
 are not included in the above fums, b«ng 
 charged to the geheial duty fund. The 
 fobuy of the Chief Juffice, Affiftant. 
 Judge*, aiid Attorney-General, now make 
 an addition of i5,40ol. per annum to the 
 expences of government. ' 
 
 In 1772, the produce of the fcveral, 
 country-duties was 97,8041 i4»' ^d. but 
 this was a large* forti than they had pro- 
 duced for fome years preceding: the in- 
 K3 "^^""^ 
 
2^^ GEORGIA, 
 
 creafc arofe from the great number of Nc 
 groes imported in that year. 
 
 The amount of the poor-tax raifed m 
 Charles-toM,n in 1769 was JoooU the next 
 year 8000I. and in the two fucceedmg yea« 
 coool. each year. The poor-tax is raifed 
 in the fame manner as the general tax. 
 Q F G E O R G 1 A. 
 THIS traa was originally included in 
 the grant of Carolina to the Lords Propri- 
 etors, but was re.unit«4 to the Crown by 
 a purchafe confirmed by ad of Parhament 
 in ,728. as before related. I»>73^.fc- 
 vcral publicfpirited noblemen and gentle- 
 men/moved with the diftreffes of thepoor. 
 and meditafmg th«r relief, by employmg 
 fuch as were willing to labour m forming a 
 new (ettlementin America, mfed »j:o^^- 
 rable fubfcription, and obtained a charter 
 fromGeorgell. for fettling a certain portion 
 ^ land (then a part of South-Carolma. but 
 unoccupied) in America. It was cjdled 
 Georgia, from the i^ame ef htsMajefty. 
 and 10,0001 was added hf Government to 
 
" l y pi 
 
 I A. 
 lumber of Nc- 
 
 T-tax raifed in 
 roool. the next 
 ucceeding years 
 )or.taxi8 raifed 
 general tax. 
 
 G 1 A. 
 
 illy included in 
 le LordaPropri- 
 to the Crown by 
 la of Parliament 
 
 d. In i732» ^«- 
 men and gentle- 
 rcffesofthepoor, 
 sf, by employmg 
 aour in forming* 
 I, raifed a confidc- 
 jbtained a charter 
 g a certain portion 
 outh-Carolina, but 
 a. It was called 
 e «f his Majcfty '. 
 by Government to 
 the 
 
 GEORGIA. 223 
 
 the fubfcription, for the promotion of the 
 undertaking. The grantees were ftyled 
 Truftces for eftabliihing the colony of 
 Georgia. The firft embarkation confifted 
 of 116 perfons, of various occupations, un- 
 der the conduft of General Oglethorpe j 
 and, as more money was fubfcribed, others 
 went over afterwards. By the year 1752 
 the colony had increafed to upwards of 
 icoo perfons : when, from fome hardfhips 
 they fuffered under its proprietary govern- 
 ment, difientions of all forts prevailed, 
 which threatened the ruin of the fettlement : 
 the Truftees, therefore, funrnJcred their 
 charter to the Crown % whereupon a pa- 
 tent paffed the great fcal to inveft the King 
 and his fucceflbrs with all the properties, 
 powers, and privil?' -', before granted to 
 the body politic s anQ under the new (royal) 
 government all grievances were redreflcd. 
 
 The progrefs of the trade of Georgia, 
 fince the above event, will appear from the 
 following account of its exports during 23 
 
 years. 
 
 Year. 
 
GEO 
 
 I 
 
 1750 
 
 175' 
 
 1752 
 
 1753 
 
 1754 
 
 1755 
 
 1756 
 
 1757 
 
 1758 
 
 1759 
 1760 
 
 1761 
 
 5* llJfi 1768 186 9»^a84 
 
 ^' 'c'-6!q 1769 181 86,480 
 
 ^'*- '^86 U 770 186 99.383 
 
 ,26941771 >85 106.387 
 
 15*870' 
 
 61 45 *&»"<■ . 1 
 
 other Aaves (who were not aWowctt to o^ 
 other luve v . govcrnmeat 
 
 kept wde«^ '"« P'^P \L.^£ frccNe- 
 
 oip«ic« ot gov« ,^ 
 
 ceding ,»>.,«« 517"^ 5 ^ 
 
 ,dfe.»hich. every •«"'"' "'4 _Lod, 
 
 .«th (lave was tmtea "• o"' B™, 
 every 18* Uave, w. imported. 
 
I A; 
 
 ITcfftU Sm). Vdue 
 ittftd. ofEs^*- 
 
 57 iC.»7»o*» 
 
 9a 47»65> 
 
 115 55,025 
 
 148 734*6 
 
 154 81,248 
 
 ,54 67,09a 
 
 186 92tzH 
 
 181 86,480 
 
 186 99*383 
 
 185 106,387 
 
 ai7 i2»»677 
 
 about 2o,QOol. 
 reft from 3a* 
 
 labitants is very 
 of Negro and 
 t allowed to be 
 ry government) 
 that of free Ne- 
 y inconfiderable. 
 ,3, to defray the 
 ,f the three pre- 
 . 158. iod.ii to 
 res of land, and 
 ,d as. 6d.— goods 
 imported^ 
 
 FLORIDA. 225 
 
 imported, 7B. 6d. per cent—whrch are the 
 principal articles: other fmaller articles were 
 
 taxed in proportion. „, ,. 
 
 Exchange with Great-Britam. 108I. cur- 
 rency for lool. fterling. Bills returned 
 protefted fubjcftcd the drawers, &c. to 
 ,5 per cent, re-exchange, and 8 per cent, 
 intereft. 
 
 ^Of FLORIDA. 
 THE Spaniards were the firft Europeans 
 who got footing in this country, and marked 
 their entrance into it (as was their cuftom 111 
 America) with violence and flaughter, under 
 the command of Ferdinand Soto, about the 
 year 1514. According to their own hifto- 
 rians, there was in his army a large grey- 
 hound, called Brutus, whofe allowance was 
 equal to that of an archer j for he did 
 greater execution among the Indians than 
 ten foldiers. At length, however, he was 
 fhot by the infidels, and his death caufed a 
 mourning throughout the army of the 
 Cbrijiians. The territory, thus over-run, 
 continued in the poffeffion of the fpoilers, 
 
 without 
 
426 E A S T.F L O R 1 D A. 
 
 without their iMking further fettlementt 
 therein th«i feemed Efficient to exclude 
 other nations, till the conclufion of the »aft 
 war, in 1763. when they were obliged to 
 cede it to the Englilh. By the King . pro- 
 clamation of the 7th of Oasober. in the 
 fame year, it wa. divided into two colom^ 
 or governments, under the namea of Eaft 
 and Weft Florida , and it is further fpeci- 
 fied. in the fame proclamation, that i« as 
 foonasthe fttte and ^^^«^^'%'^^^' 
 faid colonies m\\ admit thereof, their 
 
 „,re»nderthe King", immrfirte g««t«- 
 
 " EAST-FLORIDA being . P«>i"t"l»« 
 . .«it m«f»re r«'TO«»«>'d by the fo, the 
 Jl c«.feq««.tly c«,W. «d the r-n. 
 
 „«, of 4. continent. U cont»n. .» mJ- 
 S»of.c«. which U.b<«t the ft»eq«- 
 
 t 
 
 a 
 d 
 t 
 r 
 li 
 
 « 
 
 1 
 I 
 < 
 
IDA. 
 
 X fettleiQentt 
 t to exdade 
 ,i» of Ae laft 
 re obliged to 
 le King's pro- 
 tober* in the 
 3 two colonic* 
 iwnes of Eaft 
 
 further fpeci- 
 ion, that i« as 
 iftancea of the 
 thertof," their 
 II fummon and 
 witlfin the faid 
 inner and Corn* 
 
 in thofe colo- - 
 America which 
 mediate govern- 
 
 ng a peninfula in 
 1 by the fca, the 
 •, and the rains 
 the neighbouring 
 t contains u mil- 
 )Ut the fame quan- 
 ' tity 
 
 WEST-FLORIDA. aa; 
 
 tity as Ireland \ has many li^kcs and rivers 
 abounding with fiih) and is worn, at its 
 (buthem extremity, by the aftion of the wa- 
 ters, into a number of iflands, keys, banks, 
 rocks, &c. As ytt here arc but a finall 
 aumber of planters } but their commerce is 
 i|i a Very promifing ftate : in 1 770, they 
 received into thdr ports 50 floops, and fitted 
 out 5a i and in 1773, they had exported 
 30,060 wt. of excellent indigo. Before the 
 ^cquifition of this country, the EngliOi had 
 no fettlcment which produced in any confi- 
 derable quantity the barilla or kali plant, 
 whereof are made pearl-afties, that enter 
 fo 4lkh into t e manufadures of glafs, 
 foap, &c. The Governor is afiifted by a 
 Council of nine perfons, but no Aflembly 
 has yet been called. 
 
 WEST-FLORIDA is fcparatj^ from 
 the former dlvlHon by the river^j^alachi- 
 cola: it is along.traA of upwards of 80 
 leagues, inclofing ievefal Freryrh (ettlements 
 ceded with the reft to Great-Britain at the 
 laft peace, the people of which build a few 
 fhips, and cultivate rice, cotton, and indigo: 
 the cotton has only the fault of being too 
 
 fiiort \ 
 
 i .A 
 
 ' 1 
 
„8 WEST-FLORIDA. 
 iKort . the indigo i. mote brUUtnt then thtt 
 
 1 uJk ihev aet from the IndUn. in 
 fan, which they B« j,^, 
 
 ^ ' ?'^i 4e U foil"™"!!' » '^»'*'- 
 I "'"^!!d.»Counfd'o». It»«d>»«»«» 
 
 ^d 8 per cent, tateteft. ^ jjesCRIP-. 
 
IDA. 
 
 iant than that 
 itatitt, in ge- 
 but they in- 
 Is the Miffif- 
 attrafted by 
 purity of the 
 theSpaniardi, 
 of Louifiana. 
 IS confined to 
 Indians in 
 for building, 
 »rts amounted 
 g, to xp,8o61. 
 !red their ports, 
 e aflFairs i^^is 
 liftered hy a Go- 
 It was divided 
 liis law was te- 
 1 country-duties 
 ilcewife repealed. - 
 governments are 
 njry, with whom 
 fted bills fubjeft 
 ;nt. re-exchange, 
 
 A DESCRIP- 
 
 
 L