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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. ita lure. 1 IX 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 "WW. mm * t m ^»»»'W*m T -1 \ Hamilton Public Library R I' i< i<: K i<:nck co llkction R633»A Cana 6253 ^ FOR USE IN LIBRARY ONLY [ U)M-1-51. "!^' T 4 BEET SUGA.R, Its Economical Production in the Province ot Quebec. A Paper read before the District of ISclfurd A;;rlc:ilti!r:il A.^sociation, on the 'Jt)i ^Murc';, 1*^7 By E. A. r.AUNAitD, Em[., Dirccli.r ( t' AKruui'ljrc, 1)< imrtUiCnt of AgricuUuro, IJiu-boc. PARI' l.-Bm-T .SUGAR. Beet sugar may be called one oF tlie pro. ductions of this century ; an where the manufacture of beet sugar had its first beginning,— where it had taken a considerable extension, under the impulse of the continental blockade, it was com- pletely crushed out, by the free competi- tion of the sugar from the Indias." lie says further, " It is probable that a nation conveniently situated for this industry, and wliich will have secured its foothold in the Country, before other nations can do so, may later — and perhaps for many years — not only euftice to its own consumption, but also sustain a successful competition empoveribhing the mass of agricultural against foreign sugars even m foreign laborers. To perform this clever trick re- quires great ability, indeed, in handling bright, d;izz!iiig theories, which like fine dust, can of course thoroughly blind peo- ple, if only thrown cleverly and well in their eyes. But yet, those clever things oould not be repeated,— and accomplished again— were it not for that very numerous ■class of so-called statesmen, who in orJer to maintain their prest'ge, aie always in search f jr the easier and least unpopular mode of taxation, if not the most judicious und most encouraging system for the fos- tering of home industries. So was it in Fr.ance up to 1829, when the ^hole production of beet sugar did not ex- markets," I may say here that in Canada the protection in favor of beet sugar fac« tories would be enormous, and more than was ever asked for in Europe, — imported sugar being taxed about 45 per cent, on its cost. M. de Dombasle then goes on to show how favorable the new industry would be. come to agriculture in general, and how much it was for the interest of the whole French nation, and therefore of the French Government to give to beet sugar factories the encouragement necessary to their solid establishment. He also demolished en. tirely the arguments to the contrary, ad vanced with great success up to that time, ceed l.UOJ tons annually, although millions ■ by a whole school of free traders in France ovtr millions had been lost in tlie attempt ! of which Edmond Say was the head. to establish this industry without suffi- cient protection in its iuiancy. [ cannot Tefiain from reading here the following ex- tract on this question from Mathieu de Let us now see how far Mathieu de Dom^ basle's prignostications in 18:29, have prov- ed correct. In l<]6, seven yeai's after the writing above cited,the production of sugar Dombasle, France's greatest agriculturist ; ni France, which w,as only 4.0U0 tons in •of the age and one of its best patriots. In 1829, increased to 40,000 tons. In 1857 it discussing this very subject of the national I was only 49,000 tons. About this time importance of fostering the sugar beet in- dustry, he said, in 1829 : ^'France produces but a small proportion of the sugar consumed m the Kingdom. However, ihe increase in production has Napoleon III, turned his attention to this subject ; its protection was secured and the following results were attained: — In 1862, 170,000 tons of sugar were made in France ; in 1868, 275 000 tons ; in t>eeD so rapid within a few years, and Boj 1873, 396,000 tonB ; in 1876, 462,259 tons ; M J C 5 k n:. •a i or an increase of nearly 125 foid in 47 years, for France alone. We have seen above that up to 1831), no beet sugar factories existed in Europe elsewhere than in France. The writings of M. de Dotnbasle, and others of the same school, created a dtir in Belgium, and then in Germany, with the following resul'-s : — 1876-7 1876-6 1874-6 1873-4 Qermany 280.000 346,6^5 250,708 289,243 France 225,000 462,25'J 460,877 3««,578 Russia 260,000 245,006 222,600 102,851 Hungary 155,000 153,922 120,720 187,058 Bb; aim 50,000 79,796 71,079 73,516 EoiUud 30,000 30,000 30,000 35,000 990,0(^0 1,317623 1,145885 1,164243 Showing an in rease of beet sugar pro- duction in forty-seven years, of 330 fold. But what is more surprising still, and what does not seem to have been expected by any of the writers of that epoch, is that^the consumption of sugar seems to have increased in the same enormous ntio as the production : — thus in Franco, in 1829, the consumption was 33,000 tons, or about 2^ lbs. per head ; it is now 265,000 tons or IG.J lbs per head. In England in 1844, the consumption was 236,1-13 tons or about 16 lbs per head ; it is now, including molasses, 900,000 tons or about 62.\ lbs per head. The following table, giving the consump- tion of sugar in different countries, may prove interesting : Tons. Population. PerhoaJ Great Britain 1)00,000 31,629, .'100 62.58 Germany 315,000 42,766,900 16.19 France 275,000 36,,'.77,500 16.61 Russia 250,000 !'';2, 135,7011 6.70 Austria 170,000 20,:i95,000 18.33 Spain 60,000 16,835.700 6.50 Belgium 60,000 4,827,800 22.65 Hollaud 30,000 3,579,400 18.50 Turkey 25,000 23,610,000 2.25 Sweden & Norway 20,000 5,870,300 7.5 Portugal 15,000 4,324,000 7.5 Denmark 15,000 1,785,000 18.25 Switzerland 11,000 2,659,600 9. Greece 3.000 1,467,10(J 4.50 Europe 2,124,000 278,243,200 17 United States.... 750,000 38,923,000 42.35 British Colonies 200,000 50,000,000 8.8 Total .3,079,000 367,168,200 17.5 Canada... 82,491 4,365,000 39.5 The total production of beet sugar and of cane sugar, m l874, was as follows, lor all fiugar manufacturing countries : Total oane sugar manufactured, in 1874 1,840,986 tons; do, do, of beet sugar,. 1,110,166 tons. Total, 2,951,152 tons. It will, no doubt, be observed that all ■ countries producing sugar, either by them- selves or their colonies, use a great deal more sugar than others, except, however, our own country, which proudly standa as third on the whole list, although it pro- duces none othei than the maple sugnr, which, however, if counted, would very likely place us gecond on the lint, if not the very tirdt. Is it surprising that we chould tiud so many sweet, sugar-coated mouthed children around us everywhere— not ta mention sweet-lipped grown up children ? Let us now examine briefly the wonder- ful tftects ot this industry on the agricul- ture of all the countries where it has be.n implanted. This would apply to Canada, if sugar beets were produced, In 1850, in France fears were enter tKinedf at what was then coneidered the wonderful increase of beet culture tor the production of sugar. It was be- lieved by many that this increased produc- tion of beets would cause a proportionate decrease in that of cereals and of meat, a.. legislative enquiry was consequently or. dered and the following facts clearly prov- ed : The distiict of Valenciennes in IS 13, (one of the best cultivated in Frat.ce) produced about twenty bushels of wheat to the acre ; in 1S::3 it produced thirty bushels. Before beet culture was established, the whole production of wheat was TlOaiOO bubhel-s, it rose (in 1833) to 1,192 000 bushels, an increasb of over 50 per cent. In 1822 the whole distiict fed -100 oxen ; nine years later (in IS'il) it fattened 10 784, or an increase of over 2J> . tol. The following is equally extracted from an officiid document published by the French Government in 1873 : " There exists in the north ot France, a cei tain number of districts which have at- tained the maximum of agricultural pro- duction. Thus, in favorable seasons, these localities produce an average to the acre of 40 bushels of wheat, of 45 tons of beets, of 350 to 400 bushels of potatoes, &3v. What causes this prodigious prc^perity ? Co BOtnt. parts it is due to the use of flemish manure, which Bg'iculturiata from the Qorth have utilized for cenluiipfi; lo others where human feces is not collected, it is entirely due to the production of beets. It has been repeated on all sides, and yet it cannot be too much said : the cultiva- tion of beets is that which has contiibuted most to agricultural progress." I might give page after page of similar statements, not only from French authori- ties, but also from all the countries wbeie this wonderful indu;try exists. However, the tables given above speak higher in favor of beet sug ir thnn all I could siy. It is every where shown that the several crops hive tripled on an average, wherever the soil Ins been cleaned by the beet crop, and minured by the enormous quantity of cat- tle necessary to utilize the remains of the beet, after the sugai has been oxlracted from it. It has lieen conclusively shown that the iiioicase in cattle, in the^e regions has been at the r ite of over !2') to 1 . A Belgi m gontl»?m;vn who wiotw a French pamphlet on the " Foundation in Csnuda of thn mmufacture of beet sugar," thus epitomises correctly the following advant Hgi'8 oflertMl by this iudustry, he mys : -'An enliglit.'ued practical study on the subject, of half a ceutury,show4 in the mr).st conolu- hiVJ way : 1st. That the cultivation of beets, far from impoverishing the soil, vastly increas. es its fertility, by th3 production of an ab iiid.uit supply ot manure." lie might hive added : which actually doa not cost a cent to the farmer. lie says also : •• 2:id. Tint t>y the very many plo wings _ hirrovviugs, hoeings, &c., indispensable to this crop, the land is prepared in the very best manner for the^crop which follows." I add again, and especially for the follow- ing gM93 and hiy crop^, so productive and go necessary in this country; he says again: " 3rd. Thit this hoed crop enables the faim?r to follow the best system of rota- tion fo' his firm." 4th. That not only doAS the sale of the leet to the sugar factory cover the whole i\rj%i of the production^ and of the cleaning and manuring of the soil for future cropi but that generally it brings to the farmer a larger cash return per acre than anj other crop he could raise, ' 5th; That it enables the farmer to obtain in summer the assistance of a great num< her of hands, who find a profitable occupa- tion, at the manufactory, for the whole of the winter ; thus creating a better market for farm produce,aDd generally a source of wealth for the country which can hardly be overestimated." Before leaving this part of my subject, t may be useful to say a word of the refuse from the beets after the sugar has been extracted. This refuse is called pulp, it is genevally in cakes and weighs about 22 per cent, of the original beet. Its feeding value is somewhat greater than that of beets — containing as it does all the fibrous mat- ter, besides a large per cent, of sugar, and less water than in the beet. Although it would be useless to enter here into any of the details of the manufacturing process, it may be well to explain how it u that the residua is richer than the original beet, (iood sugar beets contain from 10 to 16 per cent of sugar, about 80 per cent of water, the rest is fibrous matter, salts, &c. The tugar in the juice if contained in mil« lions of small cells which are partly broken up by the grating process to which the beets are suV>j»"cted— a quantity of water varying from 15 to 20 percent, is also add- ed to the mass, and the whole is subjected to an immense pressure, when a large pro- portion of the sugar n removed in the I juice and the rest remains in the cake; but as it takes about five tons of beets to one ton ot refuse, it is now easy to under- stand how this refuse may have a larger percentage of sugar than is contained in the beet. Numerous practical tests, have shown in the most conclusive manner, that for feed- ing purposes the beet refuse, or pulp, is worth about one third as much as the best hay. That is, three tons of refuse equal one ton of excellent hay. The sugar beet crop in France produoea on good land, with, high culture,an average of about 30 tons per acre. In German yi It cropi Eirmer anf the average under similar circumstances Is about 20 tons, but the beets are much richer than in France, and more sugar Is produced per acre than in France. The refuse thus equals about two tons of the best cured hay per acre. TART II. I now come to the important question : " Can beet sugar be produced m Canada at a profit ?' This question, gentlemen, it has been my duty to study out. In 1870, I was sent over to Europe by the Government of Quebec, ana later by the Federal Govern- ment with a special mission, an important part of which was to report on this very question. Although 1 had read somewhat on the subject, yet its practical working was new to mo, and 1 found it necessary to look most closely rnto the whole matter. For this purpose I consulted the best lu- thority in Europe, and passed, at one tin e, a whole month at Gembloux, in Belgium, conferring with the heads of the Belgian Government Agricultural College there. I visited aliO the neighbouring counties all interesteii in beet sugir production, which at that time created such a furore, that the number of manufactories were about doubled in Belgiam,witiiin two years, from 1871 to 1873. One factory existed already at Gembloux, but two others wer« being constructed, with a manufacturing capacity, each about three times as great as that already existing. I spent about eighteen months in Europe, and visited a considerable number of estiblishments, both m Belgium and ^Germany, the pr'O- cesses there followed being considered much better than those of France, which, at that time, was •■^st issuiag from a most calamitous war, v> li uad completely par- alyzed all its industries, as well as the manufactories of sugar beet. On my re turn, a report was published, in which I ad Tised making experiments as to the success- ta\ production of sugar beets in this eQun> try, both as regards quantity and quality. Respecting the manufacturing process is Canada,! have come to the conclusion that with tne necessary capital, appliances, and experienced management, we can manu- facture the sugar here for a very small, if not an insignificant increase over the cost of production in Europe, which is from 4c to 6c, according to circura^tinces, for refined sugars. In this I am happy to state that my views are supported by several Europ- ean gentlemen,well cognizant with the sub- ject, and who have yisited this country most carefully. If, on the one hand, labor is more expensive here than on the con- tinent, and perhops coal also, although this latter questron is not quite proved, yet the labor question is a very small con- sideration if it be remembered that about 100 hands will turn out in 24 hours with the best appliances, about 20,000 lbs, of sugar", worth $1,C00 at 8c. (this sugar a^^i the present market prices would be worth wholesale 11 or 12 cents, or produce |2,- 200 to $2,400). 1 must leave out many in- cidental questions which 1 cannot enter in- to here, but which will, I believe, bear me out in the above statement, A factory of eight presses will produce in 150 days, about .'^,000,000 lbs. of sugar, or 20,000 lbs. per day. But I must say that wo possess an ad- vantage that no other country possesses. Whilst in Europe factories cannot be worked profitably, as a rule, over !00 days; here, on accountof our special climate, we can work the beet with certainty over 200 days. Thus if the protif- on the manufac- turing of beet sugar in Europe be 33 per cent., which has been the ca«e until within the two last years previous to this, we could obtain the same percentage,— even if our profit be \iS\ per cent on the beets manufactured, as we can work with this same capital at least double the amount of beets, in our long winter seasons, that they c\n in their exceedingly short win- ters. In fact, tKis year, the great complaint in Eurone is want of cold weather ; the beets vegetated and lost their saccharicft qualities, to such an extent that the larg* increase ia the price of sug^r hardly oovev- •d the loes in the saocbarme talue of the | beet. I ma> bare state that duriu^ tbe years 1875 and lS7t», the prices of sugar oame down wilh a crash, from over produc- tion and other causes too long to explain, but the prices have again risen from 40 to 50 per cent. Whatever may be said against our cold climate, it possesses an in- valuable advantage to the beet sugar man- ufacturers, who, here would be quite sure that from the I5th of October to the first of May, there would be no danger of the beets growing, if placed properly in well ventilated out door cellars. This is really an immense advantage which few beet growing countries poseeM ; it ahows onoe more the truth of the old saying : '< It is an ill wind, indeed, which blows nobody good"— and, taking a still higher view of the subject, it remmds us again that the Creator's works are all eminently wise, and eminently useful too, if man can understand t leir full velue I ^ow, gentlemen, I need not tell you that ordinary beets grow well here, every- where, in properly cultivated soil, which can produce good hay and grain crops. But perhaps few farmers are aware that sugar beets also do remarkably well here. Ilun dreds of reports have reached me thi- year, in my official capacity, from fortys different counties, all of them quite satis- factory, with perh?ps one or two excep- tions only. But what caused me some sur- prise is the fact that su many report the sugar beet as easier grown and with more Batififactic", in every way, than even the hardy mangold wurtzel. As to feeding qualities, there seems to be no doubt that a ton of good sugar beets is fully worth two tons of mangolds, and yet I have many returns showing a produce of from 20 to as much as 40 tons per acre of good sugar beets. .So much for their profitable cultivation in Canada. No??, then, remains the question of the saccharine valueof our beets. Here, I am perhaps trampling on delibate grounds, for I am going to^ giveyou official informa- tion which is yet known, I believe by one only of the honorable ministers of the Crown. This information has been diligent- ly, but unobtrusively searched for by the Department of Agriculture .n Quebec, ever since my return from Europe in 1872. Before giving you this bit of valuable in- formation, which has cost the local gov- ernment a considerable penny, and its of- ficers a great amount of studious and per- severing labors, 1 must show you by a few figures, how very important is this matter of tbe saccharine quality of the beet. It is a fact admitted by all manufaoturee^ of sugars that putting the commercial V«lua per toi of tugar beets oontaiuing tt per cent, of lugar in the j uioe with a purit/ of 86.7 at $3.7:t 9 " " " 66.0 would be worth 2.72 10 " " •< 87. " 4.64 " " " " 70. " 3.47 11 " " " 88. " 6.64 " " " " 71.C " 4,62 12 " •' •« 89. " (5.37 " " '• " 72.1 •« 6.39 13 " " '< 89.e " 7.27 " " " " 74. " 6.2ft by which it clearly appears that a oareleee farmer will produce be«>t8 hardly worth $2 a ton, for many beets do not contain ^ per cent, of sugar, whilst the careful pro- ducer, who follows the dictates of experi* ence, will produce beets worth over $8 a ton for the production of sugar. Now, gentlemen, we come to the point* What is the saccharine quality of our Pro- vince of Quebec sugar beets ? The ans- wer I am going to give you is official, and not yet known outside of the department of agriculture in Quebec. Some trials and analysis of beets have been made from year to year, but, unfortunately, from wan t of the proper experience, the beets culti- vated previous to this year proved rather poor in sugar. This fact we know was due to want of care in the cultivation of the beet, on tbe part of ihe farmers, and also, to a degree, from inferior seed. Last year the department imported what was guaranteed as excellent seed. It vtas distributed through the members of Parliament, in most oases, but unfortu- nately rather late m the season by most This distribution was accompanied with prmted instructions, insisting in the most pressing terms, on ihe special mode of cu 1- ture necessary to tbe production of the best sugar beets. In thp from th samples with ans\ contiiuuv of DMllU ping, . $3.72 rorth 2.7a 4.64 3.47 S.fi4 4,62 C.37 5.3» 7.27 6.2ft In the fall, circulars were again issued, from the Department, requesting that samples be sent of the beets cultivited, with answers to several q leations therein contumed, relating to the mode of culture, of manuring, the time of seeding, of crop- ping, iVc, Ac. Several hundreds of ans- wers were sent m, accompanied by about St.K) namples of beets. Out of these, 2.i5 samples have been carefully analyzed by Mr. Uctave Cuisset, a special chemist, at- tached to the Department, who has had an experience of many years in the prac- tical manufacturing of beet sugar, both in Belgium and France, and who actually mi»nufactui'ecl some coarse unrefined sugar from Canadian beet^, merely to show he understood his business. In order to obtain the most convincing proof possible as to the value of the analy- sis made in our department, we sent over twelve samples each to France and to Bel- gium for aii:ilysis,to the best recommended special chemists in those countries, gentle- men who have now been consulted for the last three years by the Department of Ag- riculture. These samples sent to Europe were selected out of similar lota produced on twelve diflterent farms in various parts oi the Province : they were all numbered carefully, and many weeks before tne ans- wers came over from France and Belgium, we camed to be publiahad and printed, in the Department repoit of 1870, the analy - Bis made here on the same lots as those sent to Europe. I received the answers from Europe a few days ago only. Thirdly. That notwithstanding our in- ferior mode of cultivation, the Quebec Jaeets as a whole, are considerably richer than the average obtained this year either in France or in Belgium. I will now read you a few extracts from the above mentioned official reports from France and from Belgium. Mr. Julien de Puydt, the chemist consulted iu Belgium, says : " This lot of beets (of 187()) is the third we received from Canada, and we can state that they are much better than those sent us last year • * » In this last lot, the roots, with one or two exceptions only, are all of an excellent type ; two or three are rooty and forked, and were grown rather too much out of the soil. I'his may depend on some loca^ condition which we ignore. At nil events, a better preparation or mellowing of the goil, and deeper culture will no doubt remedy this evil." " The degree of purity representing the proportion of foreign matter to sugar contained in the juice, ha.« attained an av- erage of 81.05 which is excellent." '• The percentage of sugar in the juice is 12 'jO per cent, which is also very good, in beets weighing two pounds and a half. These figures show conclusively that the seed sown vfas good, and also, that Cana- dian soil is eminently fitted (essentiellcment propre) to the cultivation of the sugar beet, -on the condition, necessary everywhere, that it be properly prepared, and that the variety of seed sown be carefully selected," What are the results ? m.iy you ask. I i This is the Belgian verdict, will say that they deserve your most care- ' I will now give the concluding remarks ful consideration Thev are ; of the French chemist's report, Mr. 1/Hote, Firstly. Tliat the vaiious analysis made | who says : ''The Canadian beets of 1876 in Fiance, in Belgium and in Quebec, on 1 have given, by analysis, an average of 12.45 the twelve identical lots above mentioned ! of sugar for lOD parts of juice.'' Ludly difter at all— no more than could have been ex pected from difJerent beets grown in the same field— proving that our analysis are entirely to be trusted. Secondly. That the system of cultivation followed here this year has been by no means perfect, and that, in oonseqi^euoe, a •till higher degree of richneu in the beet • 1 be •ttained. ''The average saccharine quality of the Canadian beet is superior to that obtained in France." '• The average obtained in France for the present yejir is 10.30 for 100 parts of juice." " In France the head of the beet is thrown aside as refuse, and doee not enter Dto the manufactory of sugar. *'Id the Canadiaa beets, this reAiM I I •mounts to 8 per cent, of the whole weight of the beet, but we have found that even Iboue contain 10.22 per cent, of sugar in 100 paitB of juice." This report thus showa that our CHnadinn beeta are over 20 per cent, riclier than the French beet, and that our refuie heads of beeta are as rich, or nearly so,as the beticr parts of the French beet. In presence of these facts, gentlemen, it seems very evident thsit this question of the producLiou of beet augir in (Canada is of national importance, and that, from an agricuUurii' )int of view, it is perhaps the weightiest i jbleni which wc, as agricuitu- liitH, can be called upon to work out to a fiivorable issue. Let it be remembered that we can grow beeta here as cheap as m Europe, that C'anacia miports annually about 165 millions of pounds of sugar and molasses which cost, laid down here, over twelve millions of dollars. Also consider that the manufacturing of this quantity of sugar would necessitate the establishment of over fifty large sugaries, giving work in one way or anothei, to 15/)00 men, besides the farmers ; that it would enable the far- mer to grow annually, with great profit to himself, and with great advantage to the country around, 60,000 acres of beets, at 20 tons per acre ; that it would produce annually 240,000 tons of refuse or beet pulp, which would cost nothing to Me farmers and yet would be worth as much to them as 80,000 tons of hay* That it would also enable us to keep four times more stock on our farms, quadruple our barn yard manures, besides enabhng us to purchase an abundant annual supply of artificial manures, which would all be paid by the beet crop and leave a large profit. In presence of these facts I may well say gentlemen, that the day when a factory of beet sugar will be established in the Pro.'ince ol Quebec will be a happy day for U9 All, and that it bohooves all of us and every farmer in this Province, to ^tudy out this question carefully for himself. If what I have here stated is correct, and I can vouchsafe for the correctness of each and every one of the above statements, — I say, if what 1 have stated is correct, it be- comes the duty of every patiiotic Canadian to work earnestly and well, in fact to leave no stone unturned until this object, of such national magnitude from an agricultural point of view, be successfully attained. 1 may here say that our Local Legisla- ture 80 well understands the importance o*" this matter, that as far back as 1873 it pass- ed a law ollering $25,000 as a premi'ti to the first successful manufactory of beet sugar in this Province, and that in 1875 this premium was increased to $7,000 an- nually for ten years, v/hich is equal to the sum of $70,000. However, gentlemen, I must say that the manufacturing of beet root sugar is of a very complex nature, that it requires the ablest chemists, and practical men ol high- ly ecienlific attainments before it can be carried out with success. And what is sfiU more difficult to attain perhaps, it will re- quire especially for the first start, a very large capital indeed, which, 1 am afraid, will amount to $350,000 in order to secure success. On the other hand, from all the information I can gather, and I think I have gathered a good deal on the subject, no industry in Canada will ever have given such a large return, for the amount put into the enterprise if only properly con- ducted. The capital above mentioned would not only suffice to produce marketable white sugar, but also would cover all the neces- sary outlay for the production of the beets needed by the factory, leaving an ample margin to meet all unforseen con- tingencies. ♦ Some authors even estimate that the beet pi'p. properly pressed, is worth twice as much as the comparative value given above. They say that 35 lbs of pulp is equal to 25 pounds of the best hay. M. I I 9 A-ODDEISTID^. of UB and fitudy out lelf. If what and 1 can if each and tements, — I rrect, it be- Ilic Canadian act to leave Iject, of such agricultural tained. cal Legisla- aaportanceoT 1873 it pass- prerair-m to lory of beet that in 1875 to $7,000 an. equal to the :iU8t Bay that )ot sugar is of t requires the 1 men ol high- fore it can be 3d what is still apa, it will re- start, a very 1 am afraid, rder to secure I, from all the md I think I n the subject, 'er have given I amount put properly con- ed would not fetable white ill the neces- jn of the beets ng an ample forseen con- as much as the ads of the best Witli rcHp ' 2. it iimy Iiii iiMcdil to siiy tlmt, iilmnt IH20, the outcry of Irifdiulcru W(H to Hm! cffnt thiit tlir tnuiiii- (Hctorv of lK'ct-siiu:ar, In niinin;,' Frarii't-'H colonial trade, XTdiiii Ik; ((iiially injiirious to till- ( (ildiiicH, to tin; shipping trii'lc iiiiil to fill "■oiiiiictfd with cuii" siifiiir ,'ar aloll;'. li/sid"s th- iii- nunieiatili' nein lits to commerce, and still j^reatei- I. iiefits to auririilture, obtained liy the cieatloii i.|- il.s vine cuillire ih'Ui vei-, it i . only lull to say that • 'ana li! olVer liie |iil|,st pinl,elion to bcet- tiw^-.if iiiamilaetori s ; as its impoitatioii dutie> itv.ia^e -iTj per c>-nt on the invoi( lost (ifsimni-, to which niiLst hendded lo or 1'.' pel cent l.ii tie- cost ol' importation. 'J'lie iie.et inay he produced and mannfac- lurc'l into su.L'ar in (,'aiiada lor about the eost in Fran( f. Tlie protlts shonld thoreforn be su
  • Hnd fost ling our own coal li Ids in the lower I'roviiic s and gi' iug cunstant freiglit to s -veial hundred vessels, lj.>iiles I he |ii()duction of sugftr for Cana- dian cunsiiin|)tioii, it is not at all impossible that we ininht come to export sugar with piolit, considering the special advantage* we possess on account of the richncrfs of our siiuai-lie, Is. ;4nd our long wint-T which wilt ^ -t^-f;-- 10 l^il enalili' iis to jji-odncr, witli tlic paiiu: machi- nery, double th(^ (Hmnlity )ir()(Iii' 'd in Eii- ropf. Since tlic above was jjini-d tlu? wiil(r lias l)(.'en asked if tiie di'awl)aiks uiv n to AniiTican rtfiniTs, liy wliicli our own sn^ar )(fincis liavi' liucn all but ruin d, would not prove iijually disastrous to tlir innadian bcit-suijfur manufiicMinr I sec no analofry ■whatrvtT ill tlic jiosition of the sufiui- rdin r and tin' wouM-lic siij^ar njanufacturur in Canada. The rctincr lias to iinjiu" liis KUi:ar, on wlilcli he })ays 25 r.cr mit duty, ■jd vulori'm, and ^ of a ci'iit ps'-r pound !)■ f re 111! ran begin his operations ; whilst th • nnr- ciiant imjiorts rclini'd sugar at 25 pi v c iil, nd valoretii, and one cent jier jiouni. 'I'liv ( n y margin for profit given \u tr.e (auadian refirifi' is tlicrefore | of a e.iU jr r iiound, from Avhieh h^' jiiust deduct liis r.\|ieiis s and a eerlain perrentage f )r waste. Now, if the yvmeriean re finer really gains one c nt jier pound by thi' jiresent syst<;in of American drawbacks, which is generally bidievel, it is easy to see that (lie Ameriian r. liner can nffi rd to unders 11 Ihe rana !ian refiner and ruin the latti>r entirely. I?iit not so tiie beet sugar inanuf.icturer, who would have no duty whatever ,to p'ly, who eaii produce a merchantable article of i xctdleiit iiuality, and who would hem fit to flie < xti lit of the. wliide amount of custom duties • n iniporteil sugar, beiiid's tin- cost of impoitati 'ii, whieli amounts to ihout 10 or 12 p( r cent on the invoice price. A protection which as bef ire stat d, is e( ual to aliout 55 per ( ent on tin- inv u'ce prict; (d' sugar in the States (.r in otle r I' reign couNtri' s, and wliiili promises a huger prolit thuii ny Cana- dian cnt.Tpris • of mignitiid ■ bus olitai'ied so far. !• I Pip«W"PPH " |oM, if • r 111 'liciui |l. it IS IT c'ln r and (■ bc'ft Ivc no lllcc ,1 liality, ot'ihf. fiii -n, ( cut l^vliifh jier 1 file ind ( aiia- ai'icd