<^^, 
 
 
 %^.w, 
 
 IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
 1.0 
 
 I.I 
 
 1.25 
 
 12.2 
 
 *&j 
 
 12.0 
 
 U ill 1.6 
 
 Pm 
 
 <# 
 
 ^ 
 
 v: 
 
 
 "^:^>?' 
 % 
 
 
 V 
 
 /A 
 
 Photographic 
 
 Sciences 
 Corporation 
 
 33 WEST MAIN STREET 
 
 WEBSTER, N.Y. 14SS0 
 
 (7^6) 872-4503 
 
CIHM/ICMH 
 
 Microfiche 
 
 Series. 
 
 CIHIVI/ICMH 
 Collection de 
 microfiches. 
 
 Canadian Institute for Historical Microraproductions 
 
 Institut Canadian de microraproductions historiques 
 
 1980 
 
Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notaa techniques et bibliographiquea 
 
 The Institute has attempted to obtain the best 
 original copy available for filming. Features of this 
 copy which may be bibliographically unique, 
 which may alter any of the images in the 
 reproduction, or which may significantly change 
 the usual method of filming, are checked below. 
 
 L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilleur exemplaire 
 qu'll lul a iti possible de se procurer. Les details 
 de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-Atre uniques du 
 point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier 
 une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une 
 modification dan» la mithode normale de filmage 
 sont indiqu6s ci-dessous. 
 
 n 
 
 n 
 
 D 
 
 n 
 
 □ 
 
 D 
 
 Coloured covers/ 
 Couverture de couleur 
 
 I I Covers damaged/ 
 
 Couverture endommag^e 
 
 Covers restored and/or laminated/ 
 Couverture restaur6e et/ou pelllculie 
 
 I I Cover title missing/ 
 
 Le titre de couverture manque 
 
 I I Coloured maps/ 
 
 Cartes g6ographiques en couleur 
 
 Coloured init (i.e. other than blue or black)/ 
 Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou ntMre) 
 
 I I Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ 
 
 Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur 
 
 Bound with other material/ 
 Reli6 avec d'autres documents 
 
 Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion 
 along interior margin/ 
 
 La reliure serr^e peut causer de I'ombre ou de la 
 distortion le long de la marge intirieure 
 
 Blank leaves added during restoration may 
 appear within the text. Whenever possible, these 
 have been omitted from filming/ 
 II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajouttos 
 lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, 
 mais, lorsque cela 6tait possible, ces pages n'ont 
 pas 6X6 filmdes. 
 
 Additional comments:/ 
 Commentaires suppl^mentaires; 
 
 □ Coloured pages/ 
 Pages de couleur 
 
 D 
 D 
 D 
 D 
 
 Pages damaged/ 
 Pages endommagies 
 
 Pages restored and/or laminated/ 
 Pages restaur6es et/ou pellicul6es 
 
 Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ 
 Pages d6color6es, tachetdes ou piqudes 
 
 Pages detached/ 
 Pages ddtachdes 
 
 Showthrough/ 
 Transparence 
 
 I I Quality of print varies/ 
 
 D 
 
 Quality indgale de I'impression 
 
 Includes supplementary material/ 
 Comprend du materiel suppl^mentaire 
 
 Only edition available/ 
 Seule Edition disponible 
 
 1 
 
 s 
 1 
 
 V 
 
 d 
 
 e 
 b! 
 ri 
 n 
 nr 
 
 Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata 
 slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to 
 ensure the best possible image/ 
 Les pages totalement ou partiellement 
 obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure, 
 etc., ont 6X6 filmies 6 nouveau de fapon 6 
 obtenir la meilleure image possible. 
 
 This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ 
 
 Ce document est i\\m6 au taux de reduction indlqu6 ci-dessous. 
 
 10X 14X 18X 22X 
 
 26X 
 
 30X 
 
 J 
 
 12X 
 
 16X 
 
 20X 
 
 24X 
 
 28X 
 
 32X 
 
The copy filmed hare has bean reproduced thanks 
 to the generosity off: 
 
 Tlw Nova Scotia 
 LagislatiM Library 
 
 L'exemplaira fllmA fut reproduit grAce k la 
 gAnArositA da: 
 
 Tht Nova Scotia 
 Lagiiiativa Library 
 
 The images appearing here are the best quality 
 possible considering the condition and legibility 
 of the original copy and in keeping with the 
 filming contract specifications. 
 
 Las images suivantes ont At* reproduites avec le 
 plus grand soin. compte tenu de la condition at 
 de la nettet* de I'exemplaire ffilmA, et en 
 conformity avec les conditions du contrat de 
 ffilmage. 
 
 Original copies in printed paper covers are ffllmed 
 beginning with the ffront cover and ending on 
 the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- 
 sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All 
 other original copies are filmed beginning on the 
 first page with a printed or illustrated impres- 
 sion, and ending on the last page with a printed 
 or illustrated impression. 
 
 Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en 
 papier est ImprimAe sont filmte en commenpant 
 par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la 
 dernidre page qui comporte une empreinte 
 d'impression ou d'illustration. soit par le second 
 plat, salon le cas. Tous les autres exemplaires 
 originaux sont ffilmte en commengant par la 
 premiere page qui comporte une empreinte 
 d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par 
 la dernidre page qui comporte une telle 
 empreinte. 
 
 The last recorded frame on each microfiche 
 shall contain the symbol >h^ (meaning "CON- 
 TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), 
 whichever applies. 
 
 Un des symboles suivants apparaftra sur la 
 derniire image de cheque microfiche, selon le 
 cas: le symbole — ► signiffie "A SUIVRE". le 
 symbols V signiffie "FIN". 
 
 Maps, plates, charts, etc.. may be ffllmed at 
 different reduction ratios. Those too large to be 
 entirely included in one exposure are filmed 
 beginning in the upper lefft hand corner, lefft to 
 right and top to bottom, as many frames as 
 required. The following diagrams illustrate the 
 method: 
 
 Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc.. peuvent Atre 
 film6s A des taux de reduction diffirents. 
 Lorsque le r Mcument est trop grand pour Atre 
 reproduit en un seul clichA. 11 est ffilmi A partir 
 de I'angle siujj6rieur gauche, de gauche A droite, 
 et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre 
 d'images nAcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants 
 illustrent la m^thode. 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 e 
 

 
 E;^^!! 
 
 Wm: 
 
 
 ^OVA SCOT/4 
 
 ^^A 
 
 PROVINCE HOUSE 
 
 ^"^'^Si^JsSi^l^it^iiSiii'Ci^ 
 
 
 
 ,'v ' '^^f^^Sj^^wwEH^Irai 
 
 
 ^^r^^^i^^^lHi 
 
 
 '^^^^^^^^ffiS^EollS^Ht^^^B 
 
 
 ''%^Mi|^oH^B 
 
 
 ' ' '^^l^ilff'^^ t^^^M^i^nHi 
 
 
 0^^^^m 
 
 • 
 
 
 i 
 
 ''"' " cmMl^^^l^lll^--'^' 
 
 f 
 
 '^_ ■■ -'•yHSBSB^II^^^^Sm^m^J 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 ' ^^^]HHf«H^BRp^^^f|i^^HH| 
 
 i 
 
 
 \ 
 
 w*'i<^f>^*IS^^affll 
 
 
 ■■K^^i^^^'^H^^IP^ 
 
 
 
 
 ^^oj^^^^^^^^^^ 
 
 
 'tf^^^^ ^^mS^^gi^Sm 
 
 U^H^<^^X 
 
 
 
 '^^Mr|iL^ 
 
 
 
 H^^Hl^ 
 
 
 
 ^9 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^^^^^SHM^kxKjCI^j^^-^^^^BHCCmZm 
 
 s •■ 
 
 
 i^Ki 
 
 
& 
 
 [TkANSAfTlONS OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OK MINING ENGINEERS.] 
 
 THE GEOLOGICAL RELATIONS OF THE PRINCIPAL NOVA 
 
 SCOTIA MINERALS. 
 
 BV E. (JIM'IN, JR., IIAMKAX, N. S. 
 
 Any estimate of the economic mineral value of an unvi.sitetl dis- 
 trict is to the mining engineer largely a comparative one. If lie 
 knows that certain minerals characterize any given geological horiz*>n 
 he naturally draws upon his expoience of the same ores as met l)y 
 him under similar geologic.»l conJit Jons And if he has not had the 
 |>ersonal experience, the investigation of the geology of a similar 
 district as given in a trustworthy report enables him to lay a fair 
 basis for conclusions. 
 
 In a general way these conclusions are of value, and while they 
 pronounce on the possible mineral fecundity of a given district, they 
 often give a decided rebuttal to startling statements of discoveries of 
 ores. 
 
 The number of the geological horizons in Nova Scotia is limited, 
 but they are well developed, in some case typically, and exert a 
 prominent eifect on the agricultural and industrial distribution of 
 its inhabitants. 
 
 The following table, basei, on Sir VVilliam Dawson's Acadian 
 Geology, will serve as an outline for my notes : 
 
 Modern. 
 
 Triassic sandstone and trap. 
 
 Permo Carboniferous. 
 
 Upper coal measures. 
 
 Productive coal measures. 
 
 Millstone grit. 
 
 Marine limestone. 
 
 Lower Carboniferous. 
 
 Upper Helderberg. 
 
 Oriskany. 
 
 Upper Silurian { I^ower Helderberg. 
 
 I Clinton. 
 Lower Silurian. 
 Cambro-Silurlan. 
 Cambrian, Longmynd series. 
 Laurentian. 
 
 Carboniferous 
 
 Devonian 
 
 »' 
 
•AZ 
 
 w 
 
 H^ 
 
 "l GEOUXJICAL RELATIONS OF NOVA SCOTIA MINERAIii. 
 
 This list is intended to refer rather to the divisions known to con> 
 tain ores, than to be a complete geological scale of the province. 
 
 Geographically speaking, in Nova Scotia proper these divisions are 
 represented as follows : On the Atlantic coast are the Cambrian of 
 the gold-fields with their associated granites. Then follow the 
 measures of the Cobeqnids running through Cumberland, Pictou, 
 Colchester and Antigonishe counties, supporting Silurian and De- 
 vonian strata, the latter being met also in the western part of the 
 province, i'he Carboniferous occupies the Gulf shore, and much of the 
 district surrounding the Basin of Minas. The Triassic measures are 
 met in narrow fringes and outliers around the liay of Fundy. In 
 Cape Breton the northern part of the island is largely composed of 
 Laurcntian, which occurs also between the arms of the Bras d'Or 
 Lake. The Carboniferous rests on it, and forms fringes, while it is 
 replaced in Richmond County by several large areas of Devonian. 
 
 Taking the divisions in descending order, their best known 
 minerals are : 
 
 Modern. — Beds of bog iron-ore, manganese wad, peat, infusorial 
 earth and' clays are frequently met. A number of years ago the 
 iron-ore was smelted in coimection with older ores, at Clementsport 
 near Annapolis. Deposits of considerable extent have been observed 
 in Shelburne, Queens, Kings, and Pictou counties, and no doubt 
 exist at many other localities. The wads are met in Cape iireton at 
 several points, in deposits of considerable size, yielding from 20 to 40 
 per cent, of ore with water, iron, silicious matter, etc. Smaller 
 deposits are not unfrequently found, but as there is no demand they 
 are not sought after. The deposits of infusorial earth have l)een 
 used locally for insulating steam-pipes, and as an absorbent in the 
 manufacture of dynamite. 
 
 Triassic. — The trap and associated ash-beds yield numerous varie- 
 ties of zeolitic and other minerals. At several points they are 
 p'juetrated by veins of massive and crystalline magnetite and s[)ecu- 
 lar ore of remarkable purity. The thickest vein that has come under 
 the writer's notice, of magnetite, was about 15 inches wide. 
 
 At numerous points, most noticeably at Margaretville, copper- 
 ores, principally carbonates with native copper, are found in veins 
 in the ti.in and ash. These veins have been explored several times 
 without success. No records have been made of the " low-grade " 
 values of these rocks, and I believe from the frequent occurrence 
 of copper-ores over «o wide an extent of territory that locally, beds 
 may be found carrying the disseminated metal in amounts of econo- 
 
 i^^< 
 
 i 
 
 '• 
 
GEOLCKHCAL RKLATIOV8 OP NOVA SCOTIA MINERALS. 
 
 3 
 
 if! 
 
 niio value. The asso<!iate<l sandHtones, red and friable, yield no 
 building stone of value, and as yet have furnished to the miner only 
 a few tor,s of manganiferous ochre. 
 
 Penno-Carifoniferowt. — In the great mass of sediments covering 
 large areas in Pictou, Colchester, and Cumberland counties, and 
 presenting fossil evidence of a transition from the Carboniferous to 
 the Permian, there are few minerals of economic value. A few thin 
 seams of coal are met, with fire- 'lays. At numerous points the 
 sandstones and shales present irregular bedded masses and layers of 
 copj)er-ore8, principally gray sulphurets, with films and coatings of 
 (jarbonate. These ores are associated with fossil plants to whose 
 presence their depoi<ition is to be attributed. Hitherto, attempts to 
 find these ores in workable amounts have not I)een successful. A 
 sample from Carribou, near Pictou, gave:* 
 
 Per cent. 
 
 Copper, 40.00 
 
 Iron 11.06 
 
 Cobalt 2.10 
 
 Manganese, 0.50 
 
 Sulphur, . 25.42 
 
 Lime, 0.92 
 
 Admirable varieties of building stone, variously tinted sandstones 
 and free stones have been quarried from these measures. 
 
 Upper Coal MeatmreH. — These strata in general resemble those 
 noticed in the preceding section. There is however more coal ; and 
 layers of clay iron-stone are frequently met. 
 
 Productive or Middle Coal Measures. — The principal mineral of 
 this formation is coal, which is worked in Cape Breton, Pictou, and 
 Cumberland counties. Deposits are known in five other counties, 
 but have not been worked to any extent. The production last year 
 was about 1,700,000 tons. The coal is bituminous, and the writer 
 is not aware of the occurrence of any hard coal, although several 
 discoveries of graphitic shale have been heralded as anthracite mines. 
 Speaking in general terms the Cape Breton coal is the most bitumi- 
 nous, that of Cumberland less so, while the Pictou coals rather 
 approach the semi-bituminous or steam variety. All the districts 
 furnish coke of fair quality. 
 
 The following average of an analyses, from a paper on Canadian 
 coals, r 1 before the Montreal meeting of the British Asso(;iation, 
 will serve to show the variation in quality : 
 
 * Acadian Otology. 
 
OEOLOOICAL UELATIONS OF NOVA SCOTIA MINERALS. 
 
 
 ('n\ie Breton. 
 
 Pictoii. 
 
 C'nralH.>rtand 
 
 MniHtnre 
 
 . 0.75 
 
 1.19 
 
 1.46 
 
 Vol. conibiiHlil)le mutter, . 
 
 . 37.2<i 
 
 29.10 
 
 33.09 • 
 
 Fixed carbon, 
 
 . 5H.74 
 
 (iO.63 
 
 59.35 
 
 Asl 
 
 . 3.25 
 
 9..34 
 
 5..50 
 
 The fire-clays accompanying these (joals have never been nyste- 
 matically tested as to their value for fire-brick. Some that have 
 come under my notice are too high in alkali and iron, while others 
 theoretically were of satisfactory compositiion. An investigation into 
 the capabilities of the fire-clays of Nova Siiotia would form an object 
 worthy the attention of the Canadian Geological Survey. Beds of 
 cannel and oil coal, and of bituminous shale, are frequently met, but 
 are not at present of economic value. 
 
 Beds of clay iron-stone (in a few instances of the black band va- 
 riety) up to a thickness of 12 inches are numerous. The following 
 analyses made by me are of samples from the Pictou coal-field. 
 
 'i 
 
 Moisture, 
 Iron protoxide, 
 Altiininsi, 
 Silicioim residue, 
 Lime, 
 Magnesia, 
 Manganese, 
 Sulphur, . 
 Phosphoric acid, 
 Carbonaceous< matter. 
 Carbonic acid, . 
 Metallic iron, . 
 
 Clay Iron-stone. 
 
 Mlnck Band 
 
 . 2.132 
 
 0.732 
 
 , 45.3(51 
 
 36.000 
 
 . 16.962 
 
 3.180 
 
 . 0.780 
 
 16.546 
 
 trace. 
 
 3.780 
 
 . 1.655 
 
 0.783 
 
 trace. 
 
 4.450 
 
 . 0.612 
 
 0.214 
 
 trace. 
 
 .586 
 
 
 6.140 
 
 
 27.589 
 
 . 35.00 
 
 28.000 
 
 MiUfitone Grit. — The dividing line "between the millstone grit 
 and productive measures is not a fixed one, and consequently there 
 are workable beds of coal in its upper part arbitrarily referred to 
 this horizon, but practically belonging to the productive measures. 
 Throughout this range of measures thin seams of coal occur at nu- 
 merous points, but in the presence of the larger and better known 
 beds they have not yet received attention. At the Joggins, Cum- 
 berland County, large quantities of excellent grindstones are made 
 for local use, and for export, and numerous beds of quarry rock are 
 known. 
 
 Marine Limestone. — This horizon is very strongly developed in 
 Nova Scotia, and to its presence is due ihe fertility of the central and 
 northern part of the province, for its gypsum, limestone, and marl 
 
OFX>IXXJICAL RELATIONS OF NOVA HCOTIA MINKRAIJ4. 
 
 5 
 
 yield soils of permanent fertility. Its most prominent mineral is 
 gypsum, in every variety and texture, whicli occurs in be<Is in many 
 cases extending for miles, and reaching in thickness 100 feet. It is 
 quarried for export to the United States, chiefly near Windsor, in the 
 basin of Minas, the annual production varying from 100,000 to 
 150,000 tons. A few thousand tons arc annually sent up the (Julf 
 of St. Lawrence from Cape Breton, but the export trade, on account 
 of the difference in freight, is from the Windsor district. Limestone 
 is equally abundant, and is burne<l for local use, and used in rough 
 ma.sonry, and at Walton, near Wind.sor, furnishes a beautiful retl stone, 
 which it is said will flrst be used in the new buildings of a prominent 
 New York newspaper. At several points these limestones carry 
 deposits of manganese, lead, iron, and copper-ores and barytes. 
 The manganese is met as pyrolusite with a little hard ore, and is of 
 remarkable purity, carrying very minute amounts of iron. It brings 
 a price varying up to $100 a ton, but the demand is limited. I am 
 not aware of any deposits of these ores adapted to the steel-makers' 
 purposes, Tenny Cape, Onslow, and Loch Lomond are the best 
 known mines. 
 
 The iron-ores are limonite, red hematite, and spathic ore. As yet 
 the ores of this series are little worked, but they are of undoubted 
 value. The purity of some of them may be shown by the following 
 analysis of a sample from Brookfleld: 
 
 Per cent. 
 
 Water, 11.3« 
 
 Silica, 1.54 
 
 Sulphuric acid trace. 
 
 Phosphoric acitl, trace. 
 
 Metallic; iron, GO.UO 
 
 ! \ 
 
 \ 
 
 The spathic ore occurs in beds, the limonite and red hematites as 
 .ontact and replacement deposits. The lead-ores occur as small 
 seggregated veins, and as aggregates. The silver contents of the 
 Nova Scotia lead-ores are variable, as.says have returned as high as 
 100 ounces, but the average would not exceed 10 ounces. The 
 copper-ores resemble in composition and niwle of occurren<'e those 
 already described. Celestine, fluorspar, and brine and mineral 
 springs also occur in these measures. 
 
 Devonian (Upper Ilelderberg, Oriskany). — In the hills lying to 
 the south of the Annapolis valley are numerous important bedded 
 deposits of magnetite and hematite. The ores vary in character, but 
 some are of excellent quality and favorably situated for raining and 
 
OEOI/XilCAL KEI.ATfONH OF NOVA HCOTIA MINERALB. 
 
 oxportutioii. Ill Oiiysboro' County tlio Devonian nieasiiros (larrv 
 Hevenil large (leponitH of .specular ore oCgooil quality, but as yet iin- 
 pruveii. The ore is preNeiite<l in veins and in large nianses, aiul may 
 be connectetl with the dioritic dykuH found at this point. It (MTurs 
 under similar conditions nearSt. Peters. I believe that by some the 
 copper-ores of Poisons Lake and IiOchal)er in Antigonishe County 
 are referred to this hori/oii. These deposits are c<mnected with 
 igneous dykes, and, as far as they have Iteen explore<l, ap{)ear very 
 promising, but their distance from shipping, etc., has diverted atten- 
 tion from them. 
 
 Upper Sitarian (Lower Melderberg, Clinton). — In Pictou and 
 Antigonishe counties, strata which are referred to this age carry im- 
 portant deposits of bodde<l red hematites, varying in thickness up to 
 50 feet. The ores are silicious, but frequently free from sulpur and 
 phosphorus; their metallic contents vary from 35 to 50 percent. 
 Owing to their size and accessibility they can be cheaply mined, and 
 will probably be utilized in connection with the richer ores found in 
 their vicinity. 
 
 Lower Silurian. — These measures as developed in Cape Breton 
 carry several beds of red hematite, and deposits of copper pyrites and 
 sometimes cupriferous iron pyrites. 
 
 Camhro- Silurian. — This term has been provisionally applied to 
 the raa.ss of strata forming the Cobequid hills and reappearing in 
 Pictou County. The ores occurring in these measures embrace 
 several varieties of hydrate<l and anhydrous peroxide. At London- 
 derry the limonite occurs with a little specular in a large interstrati- 
 fied vein containing ankeritc and sideroplesite, the latter being used 
 to some extent in the furnaces of the company operating at this point. 
 Magnetites have also been met in parts of this range. In Pictou 
 County the ores occur in interst ratified veins with ankerite, but are 
 principally specular. Copper- and gold-ores are reporteil as occurring 
 in this range, but I am uninformed concerning their economic value. 
 The deposits of antimony-ore at Rawdon, Hants County, have been 
 worked for several years, and are probably extensive. Their exact 
 geological horizon is not yet clearly known, but they are referred to 
 here. 
 
 Cambrian (Longmynd). — The only mineral of economic value yet 
 found in these measures is gold. The strata are slate and quartzite 
 lying in large abrupt folds, which have permitted the intercalation 
 of the gold-bearing quartz-veins, varying in thickness up to 12 feet. 
 The gold is also found disseminated in some of the beds of slate. 
 
 /■< / : 
 
 / 
 
OEOIiOGK'AL RELATIONH OF NOVA HCOTIA MINERAIX. 7 
 
 Cupper, lead, zinc, iron, and niolylxlenum sulphidcH (x:ciir witli the 
 gold in the quartz-veins, but not in amounts of economic value. 
 The auriferous territory is estimated to cover .'iOOO square miles, 
 and as the annual production of gold is only about 23,000 ounces, 
 there is an ample opening for miners. 
 
 Latirentian. — This series is widely distributed in Cape Breton, 
 and roughly speaking is divisible into the felsite and the limestone 
 series. They contain red hematite, in places magnetic, of excellent 
 quality, although some are reported to l)c rather high in phosphorus 
 for Bessemer purposes. Cop|)er-oro8, graphite, asbestos and mica 
 are also found. The limestones are frequently alteretl into marbles. 
 Some of the deposts are beautifully tinted, and are said to be adapted 
 for building and statuary purposes. .Vt present the West Bay (Cape 
 Breton) marble i.s largely burned into a lime of excellent quality, 
 which is used in the province, and exported to the United States, 
 etc. To complete the parallel between these Cape Breton strata 
 and the Laurentian rocks of the vicinity of Ottawa, there remains to 
 be discovered in the former " IMiosphate Rock," and there appears 
 to be no reason for its absence. 
 
 Copper ores are found at numerous points and are undou()tedIy 
 valuable as they are widespread and at the surface show well, but 
 uj> to this date no decide<l steps for development have been made 
 except in the case of the copper-ores of Coxheath, near Sydney. 
 Here the Eastern Development Company have |)roved several large 
 veins carrying copper in workable amounts to a depth of 300 feet. 
 The ore is calcopyrite with erubescite, and nirries considerable 
 amounts of gold and silver. Molylwlenite also occurs in small dis- 
 seminated grains and nodules at several points, and a few lots have 
 been shipped to England. 
 
 In summing up these brief notes it may be said that the visitor 
 to the province would place the minerals, irrespective of any devel- 
 opment effected, in the following order: Coal, Iron, Gold. It is per- 
 haps unusual to find these three so close together.