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MICIOCOPY KESCHUTION TIST CHAtT 
 
 >ANSI ond ISO TEST CHART No 7 
 
 I.I 
 
 1.25 
 
 ti 1^ 112.2 
 
 lb 
 
 1.4 
 
 2^ 
 1.8 
 
 1.6 
 
 ^ .APPLIED IN/MGE In 
 
 _} 
 
 f.J5t 
 
 Mo." S- 
 
 *ft 
 
 
 
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SERIES..^ No.. ...7 1 
 
 ThF im\ki I 
 
 The UnivorsiV -,f ;r, ^ », •..hi.Tbia ' 
 
 t+it^htXilCA], fc4,:RVKY OF CAiVADA 
 
 HOBKKT HELL, M.D.D.Sc, iCaniah.,, LL.D, F.H.S. 
 
 'rt 
 
 MIXEKAL RESOLKCES OF CANADA 
 
 MA]s^c>A>n:sp: 
 
 li'!pii,il of Arlir/r :„ Antiiinl Re],': > <,{ S-'-t'v'n of .\/io<s /•<,,• /ni,^' 
 I'nrI S. V,,l Xi'. 
 
 OTTAWA 
 
 I'KINTKl) ItY .S. K. DAWSOX, I'HINTKK TO TIIK KIX(i« MOST 
 
 KXCKLLKNT MA.: KSTY 
 
 1904 
 
 
 yo s:,»< 
 
 = t 
 
i 
 
 (iKOLOiiUKL SURVEV OK I'aNANA. II|1\«a. 
 
 To I>r KoiiEIU Hkm., L.L.D, F.U.S,. Ac, 
 Actini; Director. 
 
 Siii;— The followiiii; piiinphlct dealiti}; with tin- rnMnK'iiii»« imluslry 
 and deposits ot' Caiiiidii is repi'inted from the Annual |{ef)ort of tho 
 Mines Section for lltU2, ( oiislituting I'uit S. Vol. \V, N.S., ot' tlie 
 Annual Kepuit of the (irolo;;ical Suivey hepurtiiient. 
 
 Pursuant to a policy suK^esled some years iiixo and now earned 
 out with your i«"rniissioii, this report is one of a aeries of similar 
 liulletiiH iiit<>tided to j?ivi- in condensed and popular form, information 
 regarding the mineral resources and possiliilities of the country, to- 
 gether with any dat;i regardinj; siniihir occurrences in other countries 
 where such would seem to U- of u»e to prospectors and op»Tators in 
 Canada. 
 
 1 am, sir, 
 
 Your obedient servant, 
 
 KLFltIC DIIKVV INtiALL, 
 
 Mining Eny inner in Chary- 
 
 Minks Section, 
 
 January 'J, 1904. 
 
 -l.i 
 
Ni ANCJ AXi:si: 
 
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 iiiiiiuitl K'l.iiii .i| ttif Miii'H Scr'ioii Tlie |iri'H.iii ini.ri' I'ltffitliHj 
 arliilf, liriiiijiii^ nut liilniiii.il mn iiji to dut.-, .itnl ttii- liilili^ nl miiily"" 
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 itifllltlMtlOII 
 
 Allliciuuli Ciiiimlii liii> nut Mil tin t.ik' II .1 M'ly pniiniu.iil plm .■ iiiiiuiij; 
 llii iiiiiii 'iiiif-i ( iihIuiiiik t'ouiiiru'^ 'it llir wmIiI, thf hmmih t'.n tin- i.- 
 iiiil ihii to till i.iik 111' iii|iii«iiH III till' III'. . lit tliiH iiipiiil I'.v far ilif 
 
 VJIiitttT |i|ii|iilli mil i| llli- VMlllils (IimIhi t.llll, -lilMir 'JO |)i I Ci-Ill 111' it. 
 
 K iiNi'ii Int ilii' iiiiiiiiit;ii 1 ,ii|i •it t.-iiii iii;iii;;aii. <■■ iiiiil ^[lii'j^i'lnti'n 
 T li>'>i- I wii iillii\ •< "I' irmi .11 111 111 iMu''iii''^i' (liilii III in I i-;ii li I it 111' I mily m 
 thf priii.iiitliili 'it' liiiiii;,'iitii ■^<'' «iiii li tin) niiiliili. ii|i tu ii i [ht .-(.iit 
 ill iii,iii'_Mm'--i' tlir iiiliiii\liiii- 11 ' .illi'il .•■|iii','i'lii-.iii, «lii'i. i", whfii riiii 1 -■ - 
 liiiiiiii!,' Llii.ilfi- |irii|iiii I imi." it 1- I .iLI''il til :" 111. iNu' I'll'-''. ' l"' ^''iMiliii'ii 
 (■I till' l;iHiT I iilitaiiiiii;,' »0 |'fi 'I'lit nt' liiiiiiu^lii'^i' l'li'^>' all'i)- art- 
 111 iiiiit'^H-'iircil to riiiiliiiii all iji'^ii'i-s III |irii|iiii'iiiiii- "i tiii' tw.i imitate, 
 -111111' -.(ii.'Keii'iM'ii 1 11 ill li ml; a- lill li' a- i «ii |ifi i .in ..t iiiati;;aiM-''. wlicr.'a- 
 
 IiikIi 1,'railc fciiii iiiaiiijaiu' iil.uii- ,i-. lull I, i--',''i[i i .■•iiL 'r'.i'V 
 
 ari' ii.rii ixiliisivflv liv -K'fl iii:iiiiit'.i. tiiii'i'^ Im tin' |.|.iiiii' ". 'ii "t I'lT 
 t.iiii itifli iif L'feat tuiiu'liiii'-- u-i'il I'll -l.iiii|. mill ilii'- iti'l >liiM',< 
 rriiiliini; rolN, cai wlii'i'l.-<, I'li-. 
 
 'I'll.' cxt. '11-11111 111 luaii'^'alii'nf |iiii.|i|rtliiti i|i'|i<'iiiU ijiralU "ii tlii-'li' 
 M'li)|iiiu'iil lit' ■^Ifcl liiaiiilt'.u'turi', .mil a- C.iiiail.i i-^ iinu iiiikiii.' vTi'iil 
 
 -triili s in that (liri'itmii, it- iifpnsiK will ihiiImIiIv a,--ii in-f.in' Imi'.- 
 
 a iniirli niiiiiti'f iiii|"irtaii. •• thiii lnTi'tufiiri' 
 
 l!iiiiili'> thf iiiaiiiiliii'turi' 111 --ti'i!. iiiaiii; iiir-i' mi' h ii -i" i rai ntlii-i 
 wrv iiii|iiirl.iiit usfy. llif iiiani .iin'.it '.vliii'li is it- u-*'- i- an 'Niili/Jii'.' 
 iil,'('lil 111 thf iiiaiiiit'arluri' ut'ifilain ihfiniials, -m li as biuiiiiiif. . lilm iin' 
 iiiiiiii.'.iiiali'.- ami |M'iiiiaiii{iiiiatf> . it i- al-o uiic iit thf ■ li'iU'iils .it' tin' 
 l,i'i|.iiiilii- i-i'lls it IS also usfil a> i (li'iii|iiii/i"r of 1^1 i^- a- .i .■.•loiini; 
 iiiuti'ii.il ill ilyeiiiu'aiiil in thf niaimt'ai.-ttirf of imtlfi'V ami if imii!-. I'ti-. 
 
 Wlii'ii llif iiiaii);ani >• is usni ,i- an o\iili/iir. a^'i'ii! inlhf 
 
 iiianul'a. tiiif of ihfiiiK'als, ifitari iii|iiirfiiifnts m' |iurit_v aiul r iinliosi 
 tion aif iifi'f-saiv whirh an' imt in'i'il.'il in tin' i.ih , .iiisiiiiii il for 
 s|iii':^flfisfii ami ti'iroiiiaiiirani'se, .mil it has t 'ifiitiii-i' .i \ .ilui' th.f tu 
 four times ijri'iitfi' than that uspii for thf latlfr inirpo-i'. I'yiolusKf 
 is thf oif of iiiaiiKaiifsf whirh has tlif -i-eali-i o\i.li/iri^ |."VM'r, amlas 
 llif in'f of souif of till' Canadian ili-jio-n s I'ontaiiis a laiu'i- liiupurlioii of 
 this iiiiiifial, it IS spfiially wfll adaptfii to that usf. In Canada the 
 ores If ppfsf iitfil riiiiiprisf pyrolu-itf, iiiangamtf, psiloiiiflam' and wad 
 or lioi; niaii'^rtnfSf oif. Tiif pi iiiri|iai df posits of thf trystallitieorP.s of 
 iiiaiii<anf.sf of thf fantern pnuincfs arc rf ff i ifd liy I'r <iiipinto« 
 
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8 
 
 liKOLOOICAI. SI HVKV OK CANADA 
 
 MASfiANK 
 
 I Infill 1.1 
 
 ,K, horizon low down in the C'orl.oiiitVrous marini' iiin«".stones, in most CHses 
 uncl.'rlyin^' the lowest beds of -vpsuin. yet that these ores have a wider 
 distribution is ,b„wn by the tH,t that wn.l ,,r bo- m.inf,Mnes,. is found 
 in sii|.erti.i,d deposits eonn.rted with every j;..olo;,'ieal formation known 
 in Nr.v, Scotui anil New l!riinswiel< . inoreour, oeeiirren.es of pyro- 
 lusite have Ween iiotieed in the ,|iiai t/ites ,,f |,,^ver Cambrian a-e anil in 
 jjramte.. aUn it. i|iiart/ites and -lates of piesnmablv Sihirian a-e, and 
 in 'I'riassic trap mrks. 
 
 Dr. }'eiir.)M-*= aseri()es the origin ..t man-ani-se dep,,Mts to seiondai v 
 a.:ionan(lr..nt,.nds that the -our,.- , ,f the m-ui-anese or. - f,,un.l in tho 
 [•ala-..z.u.> m.l lat.a- M-,li„„.niary lo.'ks, j. i,, 1„, ,,.,i,,,| ,,, ,|„. u,„|,,,, 
 lying ar.-h;. an r..i'ks and \aii..u- i-ncais i,.cks .>f all a-.-s. The fa.'t 
 thai thi' !ar-.-.t man-an.'M, .lep.,Mts in the Tnit..,! S|,.,t,- an.l Cina.la 
 are in til,- iu'i„'l,l„,i]rh...Ml ..f sueh r.i.ks i. in it.elf MiL-.'-live ; but 
 «iK-n it IS tonn.l that lar,ea,,Ms ,.f I,,,, nian^-anes.. ore o<,vi,{,v basins 
 in the d.eave.l surfa.e ,,f th.- piv Pal.,..z,,le r.,.-ks, an.l that t'h.' riser 
 pebbl,.s in .r.'a-,>f tli.'se r..cks aiv fiv,|,i.'nt l\ .■n.-re ted with a blaek 
 c.alin- ..t ,.\i,|,.,,f n,anf.'an.r,e. ..ih.'r ta.-t- arr en.-.,unt.-iv.| whicli at 
 ..no- .ni;;;.',t , p.,ssible pre Pal;.o,'..i,' -..are.- tor nian-anese .lep.,sit>, 
 .\I.>i,..,ver. .vh..n it is ..bserv..,! that v.,l,-,,ni.- breccia, are s,„„et in,,., 
 .■-mente,! b. n.an-anese, th.,t s..-re-al.'.l mass^'sof oxi.le of inanyaii,.M. 
 ,irps,,ni,.tii,i,.s luun.l in lava, ,irul thai t.h.' ni.it, -an n..diiles .livd-.-d 
 
 "I' ^'' ''"■ -•'■' b..it..n, ,ire in int iiii.il.. ass.K'iat i.in with v.il.'ani.' .Ii'l, is, 
 
 the possible .-,„„■,.,. ,,f inaii-anese in i:,.,i,.„us roeks .■lain,. att..nt i.,i,' 
 
 Wh. n th.s,. two ,la>.s..,-. of r„rks. pr,-i'al:..„,„i,. and ii; ,un ..speeiallv 
 
 thi- b.i in.r ir,. exainineil in tlieir ni..re minute detai's. and it is f.nin.l 
 
 tiiat ..f th.. nunerals .•oinp.,sin;.' them, tho.s. ntainiii- mair.'an.'.e at.- 
 
 •""""- ''"■ ""'^' ^- >"■ th.' pr..l,ability of their bein- th,. ...ur... ..f 
 
 iiian-an.-.- in th.' y..UMi,'er r...'ks b.-eonu's estabUshe.l. The , lift',., vnt 
 step. .,f tl„. f..ira.iti.,ii ..f tiiaiii.'ane-P ,lep..sits Immiij,' ,is f,,ll,,w, 
 
 I. Th.' ,|.>iiwition of the nian-an.'s,- fr..m tlio .l.v.iv ..f tiie Vnlia'an 
 an.l other pre I'al,,.u/.,ie lo.-ks ,,,„! fr,,ni the p.-o.lu.-ts',,f i^'ne,,us a.ti.'.n 
 
 L'. The ~.,iuti.,n anil t ran.p..rt,ition .if the maii-ane>,. in tjie f,,r,n of 
 s'.luble organi.' an.l iiioi ..'.ini.' ..alt- ..f the nu-t.il. 
 
 ■■!. Th,' pie,.ipiuti.in ..f the nian-anp=.- as oxide or .-arbon ,te. 
 
 1. Ihe ■■..nvi-i-Ni,,!, ,,f the .•ari.on.ite into ..\i.le. 
 
 .V Th,. Mibs,..p„.nt .leoay ..f the r,„k. whieh were il.'posited with 
 theoiv an.i an ac,-,.inpanyinu: •lian-e in the nature of the ore and 
 -om.tin„-s 11, itsphysi.al .onditi,,,,. That is t., sav, that the sla.',-. 
 
 I'..|,r 
 
 .1 \il, .:...-. i.'.ii 
 
SKCIION OK MINKS 
 
 in tlirs history of the iii;in'_'in(>si' (ioposits in\olvo first, a decay of the M.\xnANK,<ii. 
 
 rocks in wliich niari^.irifsc is originally present as a constituent ; 
 
 seiMJudly, a series of clieniiial rcai'tions leailinf; to a re<li'position, and 
 
 tliirdly, a doc ay of the roilcs of those newly fornie<i de|>osits. As Dr. 
 
 Penrose nMiiarks very appropriately, the various stai;es in the f<irniation 
 
 of niaML;anese <l(^pnsils are simil ir in many respects to tho-.e known 
 
 usually to li;ive gone on in the fmiiiation of certain iron ores, hut differ 
 
 in minor details, IJolh rnelal-. have their orii;in in the same rocks ; 
 
 they go into .nlulion in lh<" same manner ; litit in the mode of redepf)- 
 
 sition, though they s'lTnetimes resemlih^ each othe:-, they often dilFer 
 
 eonsiderahly in the eheiniea! chan:;e^ which go on in the sul)sei|uent 
 
 alteration of the ..xides. Hence mangani'se is <iften associated with 
 
 iron ore depo-its and sumeiimi's is (M)inpanitively free from such 
 
 accompaniments. 
 
 In the following description of the known de[Hisits of manganese 
 ore in Can.id.i. the localities will he taken, as fir as possihie. in their 
 geogr.iphical order from e.ist to west, and not in the order of their 
 relative economic importance. 
 
 Nova Scotia. Nova Scoti:.. 
 
 This province pnsscvsi-s sonn' of the mo>,t im|i<irtaul dej)o>^ils of 
 manganese known in C'anad.a, and as the iron ami stcci indiistri<'s in 
 that rci;inn are f i-t devel.ping, these ni.ay, in the ne.ii- future, liet'ome 
 important -.lurcc-- ui ore. 
 
 In Cape I'.relon. m mgare-ic ore is f.iund in the wesiei'n p.irt of the 
 county of that name. The nio>t inipnrl.ant In k uf mangaiie-e heai'ing 
 ore crops out in the disli'ict of the he.-id waters ot the Salmon river 
 and L<ich Lomond. The i-oiks are of lower Carlioniferous age , and are 
 met with in a vall<-v Ix'tween the felsiles of the Miia and Hast I'.ay 
 hills. 
 
 From per.;oM.il ohs 'rvaiions and from notes furnished liy -Mr. Hugh 
 Fletcher, of the (lenLi^'ic.i! Survey of Ca' ada, .Mi'. FMuin Cilpin 
 descriUe-i the i;enei,il cundilions of tlie occurrence uf t!ie cire as 
 follows* ; -"The icKiles of ih" Mir.i hills foriM a ^eries uf luys aloii^ 
 which are e\]iiwed (^ailicmiferous lime-^tones, c ih;,'lomi'r.Ues, shales and 
 grits as lliey wcn^ 'c'lMinul.i'ed, -.uli|ecl to the \ living conditions of 
 the >--.ids an i cum Ills .if {]\.- period under ccinsi<leralion. At some 
 points the liiii' slori. ■ rest on the felsites : at other iocilities, ^rrits and 
 shales iiiti'iv 'ti" ; c'-evv!irM", the li:is;il , on^lotnerates are covered 
 direclK I'V tie- mill I me i,'ril. The iii;inL:.ines(. ores were diccive'ed 
 
 Ml 
 
 
 m 
 
 • H! 
 
 1/ 
 
 It 
 
 J 
 
 '■i 
 
 MAS' 
 
 [; .s c, \, I. II, 
 
 i* 
 
10 
 
 liEOI.OCICAI. .Sl'llVKV OF CANAIIA 
 
 Manoanihe. *"" }'«ir.s ago in iiiic of tliese recesses wlure tlie felitcs were succeeiUnl 
 Niiva Sciitia. ^^ shales iinil grits, and finally l)y limestone-^, ihe liitter apparently 
 extendini; from point to point of the .indent bay. The ores at the 
 western mine are found in irregular bedded layers in a soft arenaceous 
 reddish -coloured .shale, which is in some places caharcfius and coated 
 with films of manganese oxide. The layers vary hickness up to 
 
 eighteen inches, and are frecpiently ccmnected by cross stringers of 
 ore. The shales when weathered prc.M'iit the <iro in small nodules, ,ind 
 the disintegration of the former by water prdb^iblv indi'-.ites the 
 source of the beds of gr.i\el manganese ore found Kiii',' on them. The 
 ore at the eastern mine occurs as a Ihm) immediately underlying a 
 layer of black niang.iniferous limestime, with red and greenish shales 
 and coarse grit. The thickness of the oj-e and limestone varies from 
 two to eight inches, the average thickness of the two beinu about 
 eight inches, 'l"he ore also occurs in this vicinity as lenticular pockcfts 
 and iriei;ular nests in conglomenite, lirc, and soiiietimis forms the 
 cementing m.iterial. The latter mode of uccurreTice is simil.i;- to that 
 shown by the red ha'inatites (sometimes hiu'hly manganiferous) found 
 at various points in the Lnwer ("arlKiniferuus iipn','li)merates of the 
 island near their junction with older strat.a." 
 
 This deposit was tirst opened in 1 sf<0 by the Hon. K. T. Mosely, of 
 Sydney, and has been worked ,a tuo places about three ([uarters of a 
 mile apart, t.ear the he.ni of l.och Lomond, eight miles south of the 
 village of I'.ig Pond on Ivist bay. .\t the most easterly of these, the 
 workings .an- on a vein about s( ven inches thick, dipping at an angle of 
 ■J5' "in red fine sandslour overlying leddisliand -reenish grit withgrains 
 of <|uartz about the si/.e of wheat, and red marly lime tone, red and 
 greenish shalu, conglomerate and other rocks, blotched with calc spar. 
 It i.s in lenticular layers and also intiaiately mixed with the limestone, 
 being prob.ibly of the sauie nature .md o.-igin as the h;e;ii it ite, ,ind 
 forming .at times a cover for the pebbles ot the congljiiier.ite." * 
 
 At the western woikiiii;- the on- is f(,und in the bedding planes of 
 a bright red argilla^'coiis shile overlaid by <ale.ue.,us ai-illacous shale 
 and limestone, and uiulerlaid by conglomerate. 'I'ho m. ks have here 
 a ili|i of .'!:;. Althouirh these steep ilips sliow the result of a general 
 disturbance of the regiim. yet the rocks have not been as miimtely 
 shattered as might be e.xpected. The ore is toiiiid both crystalline and 
 massive, a ;.'reat propoition liciMi; iiyroiusite ; ii i, veiv iVi'e froui 
 iron, remarkably puie, and is well ad.ipte ! to ch, niira! iii.inufaeture. 
 Hesifles the ore mined from iho two workings .ili.ive iiiPntioned, ii 
 large ipiantity wa- obtained as drift nodi?].', in the i K' be,|s. Tliesii 
 
SECTION OP MINEH 
 
 11 
 
 nodules havo Ix-on washetl out of tho original dccayod rock, and on Manganese. 
 the outsidf .ir<> earthy, hut on hrcaking, the interior shows the bright j^-^^^,^ Sc.itia, 
 black surfii((> of fresh ore. 
 
 (»n rM)uliirdaii<> island, in tho vicinity of Big harlwur, a deposit of 
 wad <ir li<jg manyjinise occurs. The deposit i.s stated to be several 
 feet thick and extensive, but there is a great lack of uniformity in the 
 composition of the ore in different parts of the bed. 
 
 There are other occurrences of n: '.nganese ores in Cape Breton 
 county. In a liine.stonc ([uariy at Sal''iii road some pockets of man- 
 ■.Muesc were encountered a-id miiieil in \f<'J7. The rocks are of Lower 
 I'arlMiaifcrous age. 
 
 8ome samples of wad received at the laboratory of the tJeological 
 Sur\ev arc s.iid to have been obtained from a diposit situated at the 
 head of Lewis bay. 
 
 Ifdii/s Count;/.— Oil tlie south shore of Minas Basin there is a 
 development of Lower Carboniferous limestone which from the Shu- 
 liciiacadie river extends westward for a distance of about forty miles, 
 as far as the estuary of the Avon. This belt contains a limestone 
 band some :i'10 feet thick in which arc found the most important 
 deposits of manganese of the region, the largest and best known of 
 which, .ire the Tenny Cape mines. It underlies the gypsiferous 
 horizon, and .Mr. Kletcher says of it that "next to the gypsum, the 
 most interesting member of this formation is the red b.isal limestone, 
 along which the m.inganese ores .are found. It is of considerable 
 thickness, concretionary, brccciati'd and associated in places with 
 r«d conglomerate and grit." .Vbout tittecn miles fouth of Teiiuy Capp, 
 near Windsor and at Oouglas, the manganiferous limestone reappears. 
 The occurrence of manganese, however, is not contined to the limestone, 
 but it has also be, mi noticed in the l)evonian sandstone which is found 
 below the Carboniferons marine liniestone, and in places it occurs in 
 l.irge enough (luantities to be worked. In this class of deposits which 
 are not in the immediate vicinity of tlip limestone, the ore oi^curs in 
 ■•eliis, joints or bloiehes, from one-cpiarter of an inch to live inches, in 
 l>e\iiniai> .luart/ites and shales. The impoitant manganese veins of 
 the district, however, :oe in {\iv liimstone above mi-ntioned, lying at 
 the basi> ot t!;e Carlxmiferoiis formation. Work on a comparatively 
 large scale h.as been peiformed at Ti'imy Cape, Walton and Cheverie, 
 
 T'liiii/ Cii/"' A/iii^s. — These are the mo~t important workings of 
 the region, and have been worked since iM'il The .piantity of ore 
 produced is not \ery gr at but has been dcscrilu'd as the purest and 
 
 '!-^: I 
 
 ;! 
 
 ; 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 b*S 
 
 i 
 
 '^1 
 1 f I 
 
 ■ 'i' 
 
 -• T 
 
 1 
 

 
 12 
 
 (JEOLOOICAI, .SL'KVKY OK CWADA 
 
 Mant.anese. most beautifully crystallized pyrolusite found in Anicrira. It has of 
 Niivn Siotia. course been cliietly used in the iiianufiicturc of cliPinicals, ^ilass 
 decolorizinf,', otc. Of the deposit Mr. H. FletcliiT writes as fullows : 
 " The rock, a twisted, rediii-.li, shaly o:- lirecciatcd ilolomite is soniBtimos 
 separated by twn to four inches of hard red elay from the Devonian 
 sandstone or i|Uartzite whioh forms the foot-wall or lloor of the mine. 
 The ore occurs in veins, strinirs. nodules and ma--ses. One of the 
 latter is s.iid to have yielded •. t'.ousand tons associated with 
 calcite, selenite, barile, and limonuo bjtiii somi- places almost entirely 
 free from foreign matter, It occupies the lines of jointint,' and 
 beddinj;, breaks apart the fragments of the brecci.i and replaces the 
 shale and limestone. The latter dips S. -JO 1 . at a variabl- angle, 
 beneath a ma--s of gypsum : it has been worked for .about "JdO yards 
 on tlie strike and the whole distance tested is proliably less than TjOO 
 yards." The workings, as njay be inferred from the wavy nature of 
 the deposit, are scattered and irregular; tliey coIl^i^t of open cutd. 
 tunnels and shafts, the deepest of which a tew viars ago was 170 fe(;t 
 
 The I'nrkrr Mine. — This is situated to the north of the Tenny 
 Cape mine, about three i|uarter-i of a mile from it. The deposit is in 
 a much disturbed limestone, fniining appariiitly an outlier of the 
 Carboniferous basal beds among rocks of l>evoiiiari ag(^ In IfSl 
 .some thirty tons of excellent pyrolusite were mineil, but since then 
 the work hius been mostly of a pr. -[lecling .and developr.ient nature. 
 
 77c' (Churchill or Wallmi .l/i,(. . - -This is on the west bank of 
 H'alton river immediately above the bridge, on tlie >lioro road souie 
 twelve miles north east of Cheverie. The lUpo-iit worketl here is also 
 in an outlier of red and gray limestone tilling a hollow in red Devonian 
 i|uart/.ife and shale. The ore is iiiainly pyrolusite with s,)me inanganite 
 and is associated with calcite crystal . airl barite. Some large masses 
 of very high ^rade ore have been mined fioni this depi.sil. 
 
 In this vicinity, the main development of the manganifeious 
 limestone is encountered a short distance south of the outlier on 
 which is the Wahon mine, ami the^e two bear to each other the .same 
 relation as the Parker mine deposit does to the 'I'enny Cipe mines. 
 The limestone crosses the Walton river south of W'.ilton, amJ on both 
 sides of the I'iver extending some ili.-.tanees ,.;ist and west, it has been 
 subjected to a great dr.il of prospecting .md preliminary work. One 
 of the more impoitatit proj.ercies is the .Stejihrris mine. 
 
 7'/(( .SV<7</e «;- M'lir. — Of this depo.>iL Mr. Williiiioti of the Survey, 
 as tht! results of observations jnade in l^i"<3, writes ,is follows ; " This 
 mine is situated ne.ir tli" village of Walton, in Hants county, and 
 
SKrTIIlN OK MINKS 
 
 13 
 
 consists of .in excavation of about thirty feet in depth, in a reddish m.v.^sksk. 
 ,haly liin.'Htone, striking Iv and W. with a southerly dip. Pockets s„v.s.„i,.. 
 and irregular veins of inan-anite and pyrolusite can U- tnice.l aloiiR 
 tho strike for alwut 400 yaids. 
 
 Nothing beyond the preliminary prospectins work, scarcely 
 sullicient to develop this promisinf^ mine, had been done at the time ot 
 my visit. Mr. Slcph.ns inforiiied me that about ten tons ot tair 
 ,.ra.le ore ha<l been taken out d^.rin^ the pro-ress of ih.ir investi- 
 Tcations Tlie limestone belt is perhaps continuous to Hibernia where 
 a,,uanlity of ore was found in r.ddish caUarcous ,^r,t int,-rstrat.t.e.l 
 with roncretionary lim> -tone. 
 
 Snu;/,.^ .I/uK-.-At this plarc which is anuut two miles w?.t of 
 Walton, man-anese <ire occurs in soi.Hwhat large .,uantities. as 
 strin-ers, veins and tihns. or impret^nation. and stains in la,-e ma-ses 
 „f bod. the limestom' and of the underlying' tlinly -an Istonc in both 
 of which shafts have been -nnk ami tunnels driven. 
 
 7',„„/,«.v..„ Mliir. This is -ituated west of the above mine and oon- 
 si-t- of openin-s made in the re.hlish and -vey .[u.irtzite whirl, ut.der 
 li,.- the limestone. The.se openin-s -how ma-.- of py.ohi-it.- .md 
 h:.iii,.tite, s..nietimcs mixed, sometimes separated. 
 
 /„„l~ .!/;»,■.- -Several sh.illow pits have been opened in liniestone. 
 an,l from these wo.king- so.ne fine specin.en- of pyrolu-ite w.re 
 oli'ained. 
 
 TIf Ch-i-Pi-i'- J/;..'. -This is situated near the village of Chev.'ne 
 and the deposit hen- worked underlie- the i.'yp-um of th- (^i.everie 
 ,,uar.ies. The ore, a mixture „\ pyroU.-ite and man,';u.ite, ...rurs .ua 
 ,.,.d.lish nml t;rey c.mc.vtiot.a.y Ibnestone, and is ..-soci.ate.l «.th white 
 calcite in a netwoik of sniall veins, from an ci-hth of an .,,.1. to three 
 or four inches in tin. kne-s. rre-incntlv the calcite as-ociated u itU tie' 
 man. M.».se is in Ion- .-rystals -tand.n- at ri-ht an-le- to ttir wall ol 
 the veins and formin- a oomb structure on both .s.d.'.- of the m.iM_-;u.e.-e. 
 
 Acco.din- t,. observations made by Mr. H. Mctcher. :.t Chcvrie, 
 th,. ore is foun.l near the top of the .nanj,Mnifeiou- band of Unu-stone, 
 at Walton it is found at the base of it nr,.r the cont,..t wit!; th.^ umler- 
 
 lyin- .lU'^'t'''-'-- '■">•' ■"• '^''■"">' *^'''f'"' ''"' '"■-' ''''^ •■'"!'""'"' "' •"■^' " ""^^ 
 with at some thirty -.-even feet from the b..ttoni 
 
 Mimi^vill^ or .I/ee,-. /ir,.,.k .I/;,'«. -This none is situatrd some four 
 mile- northea-l of Tennv Cape. The o<-,n. rrence of u.,in-aneseo.v here 
 is not in the limestot.e. but in the undeilyin- Devonian .i.iart/.ites. 
 
 'I 
 
 m 
 
 
 i< 
 
14 
 
 r.l.OI.Ol.IC.M. hUHVKY OK CANADA 
 
 Man, MM- 
 
 I 
 
 I. wlic'i-p it i-^ fuuiiil in ioiiitH, veins and blotches, varying; from a (|uait<'r 
 J of an iTi.h to live indies in tliiekness. A e-ertain (jiiantity of me has 
 bevii shippcil tidM) tlie^i- Winkings. 
 
 Till' - imi' ueoloviial ci-niliti(in< an- uhspivoil at IWr biiMik ami at 
 a (iepi.-ii cavt of X,if.l ri\ci. wlirrc soini' preliminary wo:k yielded 
 nail c|Uantitios of pyrdusitf. 
 
 In Mdiit- I ciiiiity utIuT o >'.irri'ni-i-s .if crystalline manirancsc ures, 
 more (pr le-.> im|i..! t.in! Invo liciu imiici'd at l>(>uf;las, Rawdon, 
 CmsIu'ii and nt! i-v [il.ui's. Iloi; niiini;ancse occurs near (Joslieii, south 
 of Clic'M rir, at the head of I'.ass creek. 
 
 C'c/c sf- ,' (■,..(!, /,, /;,(,<,' (),iJ,,,r. At this place is the most important 
 (lepi)Mt i-t man- nil se now known in t'oldiester county. The ore 
 (K'cuis ill th" joints and hcddini,' planes of old hevonian ijuartzite. In 
 some pi, id's tlie oii- wjdch consists mainly of pvrolusite, is a foot 
 thick ; ,„. iiMM-.aidte and psiloniel.ine air also encountered. (Opera- 
 tions wcic i" i,'un on this deposit in IS.xfi or l^-^s? and have sincelieen 
 ciirrted on iiitiTiiiitti'n'ly. TIn' principal workings consist of .i 
 shi-it't tifty ti\.- lift ,lefp, aM,l .i l,-tr:/e irnirular cut. 
 
 I'll''.,/, .1/,, „,,.„«,.<, .V;„.,..„Al .Mani,',inese Mines near N'alley, a 
 (|uantity of lila,-k o\i>'e of inan;,',inese is found in irre;;ulai- veins 
 cuttin.' ,1 itdoi-li, -laty roi'k. whicl, uixier'.i's the C'lrljoniferous lime 
 stone. 
 
 /((■//.I//. V .'/,,'/ >.n„,k. — I'rom the appi;ii,-iuce of tlie occurrence of 
 maiiuiinesc at this place the deposit is a contact dejxisit Imtween tfrev, 
 rusty, c 111, ret ionary, massive Carboniferous limestone and Devonian 
 rocks. Tlie oil occurs mostly in pockets in the limestone which also 
 contains di-seminat ■■{ hichiatite, uivint; the rock a mottled weatlit'i ini; 
 ap|iearir,ci'. 
 
 Other iMcuricnci- . f niii: :r,uu--e ore- h.ive I n noted on both shores 
 
 of .Miliar lia-in in ( oichi.s'er cokuiv. At HIack Hock ndne, near 
 Clifton, ,-1' the mouth oi the Slmhenacadie rivi r some work was done 
 on .1 dep<isit in iitiie^tone. 'rii.- ore which was of a ferru,i;irious and 
 niaene-ian natuie was found in smail ipiantities. 
 
 < 'n tiie noith -hore of Miim- L.ts-n .-it I^ower Economy .several 
 harreU of line crystalline pyrolu-ite were olifained in l.'^'.tl. The 
 occui-renc., i, similar to those of K,-!-; Onslow. 
 
 r.esides til,, ah I'.e .ncurniice, m,inK,Uiese is al.so found in larj^eiiuan- 
 titic- .i-soiated with the iinport.int deposits of irtm ores of Loiulon- 
 derry iron min.s. The ir.n me j . fmiiid as veins of hrown hiematite 
 
 ■ 
 
SKfTlOV OF MINKS 
 
 15 
 
 accoinpiiriiftl by ochif, iinkerito hiuI lideroiilesitc. In plaoea -econdiiry Ma\,, 
 changes have enriiheti the iron ore with mani;iinese peroxide to tli>' >y,,,,, : 
 extent of fourtwfn |>er cctil of its toinl lonslitupnts. 
 
 (ttht'i' localities in Nova S,o»i:i wlif»rf ofciirrencea of inang.iiie.ii' ores 
 have l)ct>n oljscrvrd, art' as follow-^ : - 
 
 In Cumbe'-lanil county, Miiiiidio, M>ino sinall iiuaiititii'S of soft tini-- 
 graini'd pyrolusite w.'ie oljtaiiu'd from llie Lowi-r (" irli miffrous liiUL- 
 stonc. At Amherst (C'umli-rlimdt s,,:w rii,iiii;iiMi'si' oi ccuis in tin- 
 same formation. 
 
 At S[irin<;hili (Cumberland) and I'arrslporo, wad is nu't with in 
 suiierfuial deposits. 
 
 At Now lioss, in [,unenl)urj,' county, a few sliipinents of oif arc said 
 to ha\c l.ccn made from the co!lej;c i.'rant. Tiic ore appears lo be a 
 mi.xlureof [isilomelane and m.'inf,'aiiitp "Lciirrini,' in veins Mjmctinus 
 three feet in thicknes.s. Wad is lejiorled to ,,crni al I,i Ha\e ami 
 Chester, Luneiiburi;. 
 
 In Pictou c lunty ilcposits of nvinuane-e .re are ;v.'-t witiiineon- 
 nection with the iron ore deiiosii-, at li; idi^cwli" and al S|iriiij;ln!l. 
 where boui(teis and coiicterion-- of jvilo Tie'anc. meiuanite ai;d wad 
 are found. 
 
 In .\nti.,'onisli eounly, neai the liead of tlu' il'do selllenunt, l.ir:;" 
 pieces of pyrohisiie were found in the drift on a hill, and in ilie same 
 county occurrences of wail hive l)e -n noticed near Afton , in I'onii|Uet 
 river: in .Sutherland's brcHvk and on a hill west of I'iedmond slati.m. 
 
 In King's county, near Wolfvilie. pyr.'Uisite i- found in sni ill uiii-si.s 
 and stringers, in .slates of l>evoinan aj;e. 
 
 In Halifax county, at .Muscjuotl ib >it an I .■ship Hiiiboui, p\i\.iUsite 
 occurs as vcinlets in granite, aiel at .leddorc. wad is fouie 
 superficial deposits. 
 
 tin 
 
 NhW HhI NSWICK. 
 
 The geological .■har.icters of the niaiiuane-e de|.,iMt> in New Hriins- 
 wick resemble those of Nova Scotia. They .lie found in ro. k-, of pre- 
 Carboniferous age .as well as in Lower- (' iilioiiifei,.ii-- ine inures, besides 
 the superficial deposits of wad. Tlienio-t imporiant de|M-.itv. fiuin an 
 econondc standpoint, are, Imwevei-. tho-e fouod in t!,. Lower Cirboiuf- 
 erous limestone. 
 
 (;liiiir.gt''r C'i>nifi/.—\n the vieiniiy of Tete a ( ;.iuche I'alls. some 
 eight inileK from liathurst. a deposit .,f pyroludte occur-, in the red 
 
 I'.Pin- 
 
 * ■ t 
 
 »■ 
 
 .1 
 
.KuI.iM.ir.M, SI i:\ i:v OK <\SVIi.v 
 
 MaS'. \nvsk 
 
 I'.n.u- 
 
 i 
 
 ,-! itps i)t' till- (ii-tiic t wliioli :iii' |ir>il'ftl>ly iif *'iinil)rian ngi'. Tin- cirt- in 
 , found in iiiiiieroux small vcin^, sonw <it' which art- said to hf is wide 
 Hx lijjlil iiii'hfs ; and ilotaohcd niassps of it are oftfii found in tin' >iipfiri- 
 oi.il di|tosii.s ill the ni-iyhliouriin; tieUls. This ociuiTi'iut' was thf lir.-t 
 to attt.Kt attcmiiiii to till" Miaiiii^iiii'tf oifs of tht> pto\iiire; it was 
 Worked a iiumlur of yt'ar-. ai{o, and a .crt.iiii iiuaiility of i.ri' is xiid to 
 h.ive liirii -lii|'|ii'd fnini this plarc, As a result of personal examiiia- 
 ti'iii, l>i-. r.iilev i~ of ..[liiiiiiii that the district is worthy of clo<er ex 
 aiiiinalioti than it has yet leieiveo. Infortuimtely, (he c'ondiiinii~. are 
 iiii( very f ivnur.dile to easy jirn-peciiii;,'. as the distriit is llal and 
 deeply iiivered with .layey soil.* 
 
 Kni'i\ >'■■" ..1,1 Inthi- roiwity ate the de]v.>iis nf .\lark' ;iinville, 
 whieh are the luo-t inipoitaiil ones of tin- |irovin<»'. 'I'he-e deiiosits 
 were e\aniiiied liy hi. I'<'nin^i> in l^im, and as a result of hl-^ vi-it he 
 desi lilies ihein as follows : 
 
 (■•■'Hie .\|.iikl'.ani\ ille mine i, -itiialcd iit the \illai:eof Maikhaiii 
 
 ville near the le'.id of llannnoiid livei- in Kin'^s county doiit forty 
 
 miles ni'iili las' of St. .lohri, aliou! lifteiii miles nori h of I he -.hoie ot 
 
 tlie r. IV of I'lindv. and aliout ei^ht miles -olllh of Sussex on the Intel 
 
 • roloiiial railwav. Tl.e existeme of man'.'anese was noted at the head 
 
 water- of ;hi Ha lond i i\ "i- niany years ai.'o liy Mr. fieo. V. .M.itlhew. 
 
 of the (;,o:,;;;i> i! Se.iney of Canada, Imt t!ie property was tirst opened 
 ai out l-i'>l under \\\~- ni,-,n.ii;einent of Majoi- A. Markhani. Ma.jor 
 Maikhim w.i,. 'he lir-^t to .attempt to develop in a sy-teniatir manner 
 : lie ma;i^.ii:i'^e depo.-.il.-> of ilii,^ prosinc-e, and it is due to l.i- enert,'y 
 aiel )•• i-e\t I- 1:.. e that the or - lia\e lieen iniroduerd into the market 
 
 •■ 'I'lie oie oi-.au-- either a~ iry.^talline pyr. lu~ite ami i.aii'.Minte, or in 
 ■!.om|art. in.i---!ve, hoiiu' iT or li.diied foiiii, ^..inetimes oniaiuinjj 
 
 p^iiom. . 11. e. 
 
 •■ Th' .Mi'laMri,..; 1,1;" -!,.|,e 1- _■. iieia;i\ of a L;ray eolour, iait at times 
 i- pi,ik or liulV. ,iiin i- ;,-.-■, laiMi ui'.li -i a,y -lral,-i. It contains vi'ins 
 of irv-t.-iihne , 'liiite i'l wiii. ii ma-e^ ot pytolusite are fiei|iienlly 
 found, hut the principal oi, .iejo-it- aie lenticular InHlies interstrali- 
 ti. i! witji the liii.e-ione Tie ne ore-- occur as irre^'ular pocket^ or as 
 
 ilat la\i I.- more or !c>^ coiitiniifiu- for i sideralile distances, and 
 
 1 ic. mill',' thill and thick at interval^. In some plaots such deposits 
 wiiiei, out into p.uket- frcMii which several hundred tons of ore have 
 heeii taken and in one openitii; D.oi.iO ton- are said to have lieen mined. 
 
 ■ .\..t, ..,i l;. •;...■■ 
 
 ■ I'r- M.,....-,o,.-. .i 
 \l,.ci-.;-, .■■!. I is" 
 
 I . - ■.•!" I ,ii.ci.>, i V I'l. I'.nrese l"'.l. Si;i . .y 
 
 1I 
 
SECTION or MINKS 
 
 17 
 
 Thoutfli in pliices thi- pockets <lo not always adhi-rii strirtly to the Manuavksk. 
 l)0<lilin;;(>f ihti riirk, yet in a general way (lify folliiw it. Soinclimcs ^^,^ 
 veins anil |«Hkcts cut directly across the l)cd(lin«, l)Ut these are Hruii«wi.k. 
 ({enerally smaller than th« others andaie proliahly due lo a secondary 
 chemical action liy which they ha\e been derived from theWdded ores. 
 
 " The surface of the limestone has ot'teti been decomposed, and a red 
 rwsidual day, fre(|Uently niixeil with surfaie gravel, has collected in 
 considurahle ([uantities. 'J'he ore thai was oriyinally in the part of the 
 limestone which ha- decayed, is now found buried in the clay ; and 
 therefore de(«)sits of ore bearinij <liy or yravel, overlyinj; the partly 
 <lecom{H)sed s\irfii>e of the limestone, are of fni|\ient occurretu'O. Such 
 deposits are rarely more than from eii;lit lo twi'nty feet in thickness, 
 but the ore in them is ehe.iply worked and they have supplied a large 
 part of the output of the Markhamville mine. Kreiiuently the 
 decompo'iition of the limestone has spread downward more rapidly 
 aloni- the outcrop of a Ixhly of ore than ilsewliere, causing,' .somewhat 
 abrupt huUowH tilled with re-.iiiu,il clay and manganese ore and con- 
 taining in the bottom the nulciop of the ore in situ in the rock. 
 
 '• Not only lia.s decomposition takt'ii place on the surfaci but it has 
 also goni' on to a considerable extent umlergiuund frinpiently causing 
 subteiranean cavities anil pa-^ages. Wheii tluse have intersected 
 iMidies of mangancM- the lloors are covered with loiwe fragments of ore, 
 brought there in the .s.ime vay as that in the residual clay on the sur- 
 face. Kidni-y-shaped ma-ses of glossy, black liniotiite are fretiuently 
 found with the ca\r deposits, and these also have doubtless come from 
 the limestone. 
 
 " Though a large amount of manganese has been taken from the sur- 
 face ilav b'ds and the caves, yet the deposits of ore in the limestone 
 have also been extensively worked, and in many places the rock is 
 honeycombed with a network of shafts and drifts, following the erratic 
 ccjurses of the ore Ixjdics in all their intricacies. 
 
 '•The thic'.nessof the limestone vaiies considerably : in one of the pits 
 a depth of twelve feet was found, and a diamond drill boring in another 
 part of the projierty showeu a ihickness of lifty live tcet. I'robably a 
 i,'rettter thickness will be found elsewhere. Thel)e(l is much disturbed 
 and is folde<l into small anticlines and syiuline-. but al .Markhamville 
 it has a general dip to the northwest and a strike of northeast and 
 southwest. In many places it contains fossils, and sometimes the 
 carl)-m,iteof lime of the.si> has lieen partly replaced by manganese, 
 which lias subseijuently been oxidi/ed .and novv exists as a blajk, more 
 or less calcarefnis mass. 
 
 • ti 
 

 18 
 
 llKOLOOICAl, HltHVRY OF CANADA 
 
 1- 
 
 I 
 
 i. 
 
 Manoankkk. "The Ilninmnnd river rises ncur Mnricliarnvillennil tlowssmitli wphI, 
 \,.« pariilli-l lo til.' oiia.st of tiie Itiiy of Futuly, until it tiniilly tiiiiis .-oulli 
 
 liriiii««iilc. litid empties into the Imy nliout f^i^ht inilen soutli mst of St. .loi,ii In 
 the region of Markhaniville, luid for some miles down tin' rivi-r, the 
 I^iwcr ("/irlMiiiifiMiiiiH linii'stone occupiPH the centre of the \,illi'y ; Imt 
 it is only liK'nily that inanijancHe onurs in it, and "idy at the Mark- 
 hainville mini' th;a it has yet heen found in hwj^e i|iiantities. 
 
 " The limestone area is Uirdered on the south liy a rnif^r of hills 
 whieli forms the southern harrier of the llainnion'l iImi xalley 
 AeeorditiK to information kindly rurnis|ie<l hy Mr, il. K. Matthew, of 
 the (Jeolou'ieal Survey of Canada, these hills are ronii.osed hirtrelv of 
 the underlyiii',' ]iri' ( 'amhriiin rocks, and the ('arlMunfiious rocks ,!i|) 
 away from them. To the north of the river the limestone is cut oil' in 
 many places liy an alirupt escarpment of Carlioniferous coti;;lnmera'i', 
 which according to the same authority, proliahly helon:,'- iilni\e the 
 manganese I learinj; limestone. 
 
 "The ore from tliis nunc is tuostly used forchemii.d putpo^es. Ft is 
 
 prepare<l for market l)y cru.shiiiL', wadiiny and si/inir »illi v, re. a^. 
 
 Certain i|Uantities of the lower ;,'rades, liowmer, are xlii[iji,.,| vsilliout 
 
 .previous prepiaration, uniler the name of "furnace ore ' and an- used 
 
 in the manufacture of spie■;e|^isen ind ferro inani;anese. ' 
 
 Tlie import in;e of tlie Miirkliainville mine<< may l)e reali/ d l.v the 
 fact thallwlween l^l'i^and l.'^'.t-l, the total exports of inaiiiraiie-i- ore 
 from New Urunswick amounted to over l';t,ll(M) tons lepresentin:; ;i 
 value of nearly .- 1 lli.OOO, almost the whole ot which, was deri\ed finin 
 the Markhamville deposits. (|»r. liailoy. Mineral liesources of New 
 lirtinswick.) 
 
 KiiKj'ti Cfunty, Tli> (ll.h, ,inti>.-l\\e deposit of the(;i.-le Mine is 
 situated some three miles N.N.K. of the Mat kainville \eiM, unil rM ii 
 miles from Sussex station on tlu- Intercolonial Itailw.iy. 
 
 I)r. I'enidse in hi- huilotin on the m.in),'.incsi- on s of America 
 dfscrilies this occuiTenceas follows: — "The ore is foutid in a 'iirie-^tonc 
 resendilinj,' that at Maikhamville, thoui;h it is nni. h je-s ,li>tM(l.cil 
 than at that jiLu'^and dips j,'ent!y to the west. The ni.iiiirane-e oii' 
 occurs in the limestone in ncxlules and thin layers, fn-cpieiUly .■i"ncialt li 
 witli c.ilcite and following the general direction of the -.Iratilical ion. 
 Se\eral ^l]afts and tunnels have been made, the deepest shaft hein:: >>."i 
 feet. ' 
 
 Kin;/.-i CtiKntif, Joi-dini Mnnnlnin. — This deposit is situated on the 
 southeastern side of .Ionian mtain, almut .--even Jiides t'n.iu Su-sex 
 
SKCIIIIS l)> MINKH 
 
 19 
 
 st.iti.m ...1 II..- li.t.Toul.mml lUilw.iy. A.m ..r.linK to l»r H.iil.'y. llw 
 i;,.„l.,^.i, ul ivlalums h.Tr iif similiir U, tl...^<. .if .Markhiiiiiv.ll.' , lli.-oro 
 I, f.MHi.l i; sln.t.i ..f Uw.T CirlK.e.if.T.m'* li:-.' n.-iir tl..ii- ..>iit.i.t with 
 nl.l.r i,HtHiii..i|ilnc r...k.s. I5ut iiiHtM.I ..f .K-.urniin as in tl..' Iiisl niiiiKxl 
 1,,. ility, i» lirnrHt.mc, it in f.mii.l in . ..nne.'tU.n willi ^liaW's iin.l «l.aly 
 ..,,n'l..ii,.r.io, tl..- l.nT.iiil.!<l cl..ir»ft.-r of whi.li i-t in .•..ntnist will. tl... 
 r.,ck., a. M.i.kl.imMll« W...k was l..-un .m this .l.i«.sii it. \i*'<-S ami 
 s,,i,„. -,H,>1 ...... is sai.i to hav« I..Tn ..xtra. I...1 tr.i.u an ..[..n cut. Th.t 
 
 .„.■ .sa niivtur.' ..f pyi-.-liisilc aii.i ...m -inil.- ..ccurrin- in Irnticular 
 ,at.MlH'.l.l.-.l..,.s,s.-.s. Tli.T..a!vals,.sM,,illv.'in- an.l slrin>!«rs of n.an;;a 
 n.s.- .ixiil.' i.i'M.'tiati.in th.> sui roiiri.liiiL; ro.'ks. 
 
 A, ,,7-' •„„„/,/, ///'/«/.(/.. So.n.' lint! -Ill fa.fin.ii.aii.>ns..fnianK.in.'!<.- 
 
 ,,,'. „M.I t.,hav.' l..t.n ol.=..Tv(l at ll.lls.ial.' al...ut tiw mill's s...ith 
 
 o.Lst f.oi., i:i-iii .■orn.r. N.. pa. ti.ulars ,.t this .i..i«)sit aic availahl.-. 
 .SV .U.n i;.,n,ty. <,h,.„:. I/'vl ,„n,r Thi- is sittLil.-. ..n tl,.- Il.Tlh 
 -h.it.'of till- I'.iv ..f l''uii.ly ..n a i)r.,moi.t..ty wl.i. I. I'yniis th.- soulh,-in 
 lH.ui..l:iry .,f «,>uaco llathot.r. 'I h.' nii.i.' is ahotil ...i.- niih- -oull' of th.- 
 vill.-..'.-..f St. Mai tins. Th.'foil..«inH.U'srriptio.,..f th.(l.-J"'sit is taken 
 fn.i.rin.- hull.Mii, l.y D.. Ponrose who i-van.in.-.l it ... l^W when it was 
 iK-ln- w..il;i'<l I'y th.' li.iinswi.k Mai.f4i-n»-s.- (.'..mpaiiy '■The man- 
 ^.Hws.- is .oni,lii...s.fy.stallinf r.'pres.-ntin- pyn.lusit.- an.l p..s,sihly 
 also .iiat.-a.iil.-, wl.iU- al ..thrr liin.'s it is ha-l ami n.as.siv, p..ssil,ly 
 n.prrsci.tinu psilo....-la..H, and still as"'" ' ' 1""""" l.o.i.'y.nnil..'(l 
 
 f,,ii,i, ThrM-uif -IIP I'oiin.i in Low.-r Cat if.-i-ous shali-s and lime 
 Mton.-, asso.ia'.'ii with a lar^i' connloincrate Ix-d. 
 
 ■•Tl..' f.Mk- aiv -I'-'itlv .listurlu".! ami havf l)..'ii niu.'li sh:ittci-.Ml and 
 Ih, ,!;,.„ l.y iu'i.e.)iis int.usi..i.s. Th.'V m)w stan.l at str.'p af.,i,'l.-s s..iiip 
 ,i„„ .. ahm.st v,'.tiially,.'xp..sii.!,'indiff.-.vntpMitsof theh.-a.llar, ' reas 
 nf lii.i.'stou.', sh.d.-, and coai-sf .■ongloi.i.Tat.'. Masses of i-ms,us 
 M.at.-.ial p.nti.id.- int.. Ih.'se heds at diff.-iPnt p..ints and on titl.. f sid. 
 ,,f .1„- h.M.llan.l .If.' iH'iis of Tr-iassiu sai.dston.- ami liri.' c..ii^'l..in.'i-alP 
 lyini: iiii...iif.>i-mal.ly ..n the uptuin.'d ed;,'cs of the oldi^r !i>oks. 
 
 "Til.' i,Nmu'am's.'.i.vursas nodules and iir.';,'ular .lisi-.ii.t ii.uous veins, 
 ,„ l,„th tl,,. shaU' an.l th.' limestone, tl.ou-l, th.- lai-er ,,uantiti.'-; are 
 
 i„ tl„. ini' ,. 'I'l.e n,).lul.-s vary fn.m a f,a.-ti..a ..f ,'in i...-h t..sev,ral 
 
 in.'h.'s in diam.'ter. and the thickness ..f th.- veins is ,.,|ually vaiial.le. 
 Th.' . list in'l»'.l character of the rocks ren.l.'r- il .somewli.it .liiluult to 
 ,l,.„.,H,i„e ih.' tl,ickn.'s.sof the main ore l*a. in- h.'.l hilt it is pi..hal.ly 
 ,„,; .,\.T thirty feel i!,oii;jh sm liier .piaiiti.-.-. of lllanl;■lll<■^.■ ■"•'' t'""'"' 
 in the r.'.'ks on .ither sid.'. The ore is .s.' it tei'.'d rhn.iiu'h this tl.iek- 
 iiess in \cry variahle .piantilies. ..■■•• 
 
 M\N.1,\»11<>.'. 
 
 N.'» 
 ISri.f.swirk. 
 
 I 
 
 'it 
 
 I 
 
 . ^i. 
 
 
» 
 
 p i 
 
 " B 1 
 
 20 
 
 «ir.OI.(MllrAI, MIUVKV .»• TAHAriA 
 
 M\N(iANK»it. "TliKi^'ti.-i.iitnMk i-ii haul liu'li' Krny, cl<w. .^rl^ill^^l miiti'iiiil of ii tcx 
 V,„. turf s„i„r»l,„t like 'nip Tli.' lifiip^tot... it lik.' timt ..f Mi.rkh.niu ill.-, 
 
 ""'""*"'' llioUKli ii is iiiiK'li r-.l.l"n«l at ll.r .■,.i,t.i,l with ih.' i«ti.-..ii. nnl. TUr 
 fonalnnHTalf \in{ ,■< rornpnvwl ,,f cmirsf pi-M.h.s ,,|' m, taiiicirphin r<K'k><. 
 It .li|.s Ni.T|.U to th.- south iiikI tonus a l»,|,| l.liiir on whiih the h«lit 
 house of t^uaco H.wl i. sii„;,t„| T\„. saii.NtMn.s atxl i'oti|{lom,tatrs 
 «» •ach (.11,1 of t!:rs,vli..i, ai.of a hri.k r.'d .oloiir at... vary from 
 loarsf san(l-.tom> to a liiif n.M-ioii.,nil.-, with ih-IiM.., from a i|ii;irl.T 
 -if ail iii.h to otw inch in .hamMrr, hoth -.ami ati<l p-M.h's iM'inj; ,oin- 
 
 |i<ih<mI of whilri|iiart/Mtaiiicilli>«f. irii^iiioiii.i.M I. Som..iiiii,-s thrs,. 
 
 ■ »'<l- lontaiii siimll irri'«uhir s.-ains or lunliilHsof iii;iiiuatn-i- ore. v»hiili. 
 howrv.T, ar^ in very iiniiicd .|iianlil y, and havi- doiihtlrss (..■.■n .hriv.-.| 
 during til. d.|M)-.ition of the Ikm]s, from lli,. erosion of thi- Low.t Car 
 lM>nifi'r( us rorks. 
 
 " The orchrariii;; roiks ran I..- tracrd hack on th.> |iroMioMti>ry at 
 intervals f,,r .ilinost a iiiile, to .i pi.,,,. «|i,vv ',11 cpenini; h.>.« Imm-h ,na<l,' 
 oti tli.< farm of Mr. Mola^kcy. ■ in th,- north si, I,. „f the lifM.i, small 
 soaft.-riMJ n.HJul.s .,f m.inpimsr or,' .iri- found in the yravt-l ilrift that 
 lin.-s that part of t.iiia,'.. llarlMMir, and .xt- i,d- inland ov,-r the b.w.-r 
 
 (■arlHiMiferous nK-ks They hiv,..ioul.ll..ss I n .l,riv,-,l from th,- lalt.T 
 
 . rcK^ksduriiiK <l,.p,,sitiou of th.' -rn, I. m il,.- vam.- way tliiil the r.'.i 
 samlstone just ni..ntiom'<l ol.taine<l its ni iii;,.ani's,' iimtents at an .'arli.T 
 flat,' ' 
 
 Sui,sp,|u.iit t,. I)r r.nros..s vi>it th.' Miuiiswi.k Mani.'anPso Com- 
 pany .■i,>. (,.,| a ui-ll .•.|uipp.Ml mil!, .-.insiMii,- mainly of a i-rusher, rolN, 
 s.'ivens, two li:..,, ..t,'. The inim' i< .'X,,).! ...riaily wr-ll situated for s, ip 
 piiii; hy w,if,-r. Operations have, l.ow.ver, been ilis.-ontinui'd for 
 sev,'ral yars. 
 
 .t"nrt (;,i(„f,,_ Shrp,,,/,/ /„/■//•>- Sh.^p.-ly mountain is on^' of the 
 hi^h.'st .'minenc's in southern N.w I'.ninswick. The l.iwer part of 
 this iiionniain is e,,mposed ,,f , hloiiti,' hyili.iniira schists, and the 
 upp,.r I'Mi-t ,ori-.i-t .,f |.,,.Aer ( ^irlionif.p.us strata; at the ,-,,ntact 
 iH-tween theM. two s..t^ ,.i ....ks an- t',pund the maniraiies,. ocurr.iuvs. 
 
 Dr. i:i:s ill Ills rep.irl f.ir I sS.-,« writes as f.,||ow, • - " Shep,«ly 
 mountain, l,ii:,(i feet ,-1,, i- a rii-'ci p,-,k wlii.li forms a promin.'n't 
 landmark f,.r many iml^s in all direrii.m., and w.is ,,ne of th,' si:,-nal 
 stall,, ns for the Adiiiiiaily s„r\ey,,f ti.e |!ay ,.f Kundy. It i- com 
 po', ,i lar-ely of r.'d conglomerate., which ar,. w,.]! exp,>se<l on tli.M'ast 
 tiank in t;nl».rts,,n-s l„-,„,k ,nd il~ l.ram'hes. A i\vy,,-M of reddish 
 
 <u,\ . < M,,. I;, 
 
 ■ f !■ 
 
-Kl l|n\ ut MINK- 
 
 21 
 
 „„,.„,. lim-«l..l.- Im- \»<-u . -i „|. ,atlH.I.U..-f.T,. .hiirl.l.-M'""-'y, M >v vs,-, 
 
 |,„t III, r..rk W,l. fo.in.l I.. U' I-, ,„U. I, -l,;.I..T.-.l t.. I I KMHt s:i\w ,.„ , 
 
 Tl,.. ln„..Mn„ Iiun. . M.„ill .,"'""it> ..»■ M„i.,;.'unr..-, Tli-' i..cks-..f I- --«..k, 
 
 ,i,.. ,„„nnun., ,.-. ui . MH-I i:m -f tl,r t,>l,,.. liL.ritir «,•(,!•■•- 
 
 «|,hl. «h..« .„, 11, ..1 I- 'I,.. „..,,!,, I, hIiml' i- C.invMll-. ^ind.u-.. 
 
 ,|,.Mk.M| ,„, U,.. .■H^t l.y ilf ;;. ^ l-t • ..i H-Im,,. ,ni ' -. 
 
 il„. ,„„tl, «.-i i'li- .1 li>i-U'' .I'l" ■" "' """^-"1" '• "■'- '■'■'"■^"^ •'••■ ■"'""' 
 
 >,...-, .. tuuurl l„ „..: .Ins.n ..•■. >1,.- n .1 di. .l-n.: lli. Mt.u-t vmiIi 
 
 ,|„„„,l,.rlMi,i: -. l.iM t... i.rniv I. I.M ■II,. » I,,. >. ■ ■ ■!, -i '.•■! 
 
 ,,t ,,_v lit. .,r.l i..,l,.r„-l,„ r",,..l .t l' I.h . ■ .1 tl," ..„.'!..,„. , ,1.- 
 
 Ill iiri'jiil.ii p... Ui'li 
 
 ri... >l|. li...lv .IM.IlMl.lill I. ,11,.- «M. Ill-l ., I...! Ml l-.;(l, ll.l.l 1' I- 
 
 „,„1 ih.il -.OiM..!,- ..f ..r.'«..- . \!i..'i.-i ll,!- ^'^ I- M ,-..,i,l,a.( 1.1 ..k 
 .,u,|, . ..„ ,iN-i;.ll./r,l th.i. .„.. ..!■- ..t \1..;,! ...,> M... l,u< nl 1„,.|, 
 :;,M.I.- It »,is t.'un.l li..tli ;>: ^.'in- •""' 1" :i.l.il."i'l"l i"'-*-''- 
 
 Ml..,-' r..,.„hi. Ki,,u,. i.,.^hu,.l M,»n, !.>■■■ "I, tl-.' i,..rili..ist -i.l.- 
 
 ,,Mli, ii,.„nit.,iM s,.m',. .xpL.tM..!'. v^.'il'. '-'•' ... .„.f..i.,fs..f |.y,.. 
 
 • ,1 1 |,si|.,nirln,.' II, I w-iy l.i..k,.ii hi,.! .;.• r..-.<l :;>.iii'f' "• 
 
 1. '.,,,,iiiiiiii ii.:.' 
 
 i,. ,|„ -.III,,- .-..unlv. 1.1, thr .M-t Mil" "I S,ii-i,iiv l,.iy, .1 -:i,all 
 
 ,i,.,,.,sil .,f .uaiiu^M.- -.m- M.,u a t,,. I ..( I...w,i r.,rl...uif.'rn„- 
 
 „,„lTii,iHM- >.i.,il>t v Thi- .l.-|..-it «'- "..I1...I inans >.MI- aU"' 
 
 liut -l,i,itly al,,ii,.l..|ii..i. 
 
 Mi.^,t r,,„„/„, IhiH. <.!''., „'„i \\ till- !'"■'■ '"'"i-^ '' '•'"■■ 
 
 iM,|.o.laMt il.-puMt ..f wa.l 1.1 I....,- iMaM-Mi,.-.' IT I'-ul'^y. wli- viMti.i 
 tl,.. ,l.-(H.sit 11, |>MM, i;u.-tl,.' t..n..«,i,^.i.--Mi.t,..„. ^vi.i.h 1- til.. lal,-t 
 
 ;lll(l fuU.-'t aMlil.lllll' ■ 
 
 ■■riii- M'.^ ivMiarkil)l.Ml..(..,sii i- l.Hat..lal,..iil n>r mii,'- an.i a liait 
 t:,,ii, til- t..swi ..f 1IiIUI,.....u,l;1,. ■», tl:.. -l.,].- ..t a I, ill in. lining u-.tli 
 ,,,-fily at a 1m* ,11, ul.. tnWiiMis a siuill l.f.M.U. I'.. win:; ll,..|i.-.- L. !li.' 
 l',.|it,.,Mliai- iiN.T. ami wh....' (.|il",Mt.. -l..!..' i- ... .■iii.i.'ii l.y tl„s,-n!.. 
 
 i„.-.,l al.»M- iiaiM.-a. 'I'lw upp.l paM ..t til.- 'ir-t riil^- i i"l.'-l. I'ut 
 
 U.tWP.-.ill <l-rnf tlir latUT .'.l,.! ila' l.i""k tli.- ^r..ui,.l !•< . l.air.l 
 
 ,i„,l upoi, n.MMival .,f a tl.in :..atini,' „I ^.-I'tal,!.- t,iati,M, ii-ually M.,1 
 ,„„r.- Ilia, I l"o m.li.'s in <l''l''li- '- »'"i"'' '" '" "^•'■y" l^''"- ■•.■^•■i''l 
 will, a M.|\ till.- I.lai'k iM.wil.rv ,l,-),..-it ...i,.M>inm ,-M-i,tially ..I 
 iiiiumaiicsc i.M.li' 
 
 ••Tl,,. i,n.l»iiy. a- l.aM'tl, ,-iiil.i;,.-,-> an ai.a ..f al">iit I ■.' ' .irn-, al 
 
 upon aliout ci^liti-fii "f twfiity act.-. ..i i-^ tar a- 
 
 ..■II. hill f'.r, tin r. 
 
 i'l 
 
 li:i.-. l«'e!i t'ian,il, till- ti'imsit \ aiMiiu' i' 1 
 
 .ii'I'tli f|-..|ii 1 tVw in, 'Ill's t. 
 
! t 
 
 111 i 
 
 ill I 
 
 ;:! \ 
 
 (if I 
 
 1 - « i 
 
 til 5 
 
 22 
 
 UKOLOfiKAl. ..I'KVKV OK CANADA 
 
 Mas.,ank-k. 
 
 tliirty feot. In a sui-vcy reoently iiiide by a t"n)wn land survryor, 
 srventy llnei' lM)iin;;s weip made, in M[uart's of lOU tVi't, over ;; spaei- 
 ot ^evl•llteeIl acres, showing an avi ra;;i' dcotli of six feet sevoii .ind 
 ihreeiiuaitei' iiielies, ei|ual to l.'.IUd pounds to tlie eiibic yard. There 
 is accordinf;ly already in siiiht, and available for use : — 
 
 III -nil ..1! IuIKhI. . 17 :i.r. 
 
 Ill .IrMlIK h.,.,s. :,,|.I -li..| 
 
 ■l',.t.,l 
 
 ■r..M-. 
 ir.i. 171. 
 
 IIHI 
 
 Aeconiiii;.' to the ^lalciiieMt^ ot the muiai,'ei- of the |iro|ieitv Mr. H. 
 1'. f loyi. to wlioiii i uri iiiiii'lited for- ,is-,i^taiu'' and valuable Infor- 
 mation, ihf iron rods n~i-d in the .iIm.si- boring's, in niariv ot the 
 deepest jilaie-. faih'd t'l uo down o\i't iwenly-livi' or thirtv feit, and 
 thi'n struck what w,i^ appaniitly haid u;aiiu-.-ine»e ori'. -o ihat the 
 ali'i\e ri'^uil- indicate the nilniiiiiii; c|U.iritit\. These ores are, in 
 ■ ■oniparison with ihoM^of .Mai khaT|i\ ile. low i,'radi' ores an<l would be 
 of little or no \alne for' the iis.-s to which tie- l.iltcr- are ehielly put, 
 nor in their natur;il condition would tlii'\ haM' cominercial \alue of 
 any kin i. It i.s, hoHevi, proposed to ^uliiict them to a !iric.|iieitinf; 
 pr-ocess whereby tl.. pulvriuler;' and ab~oibeni iiias^ shall in- r-endi'red 
 s.ilid, nou-absoi'bent. and capalil' of eas, handling;, itr which <-ondition it 
 maybe ad\ anta^eously used irr the iiianiifaclure of >pieL;eieisen and 
 f(rroin,ini.'aiie^e, I'or this purpose an est^Misiv e plant i-mbiacinudr'V in;,' 
 furiiaci"- coiripressois, bri.'ipnMtiiii; niiohrnes, etc, ha^ been erecti'd 
 close by the inanijanese ilepo^its, and alscj near to the track of a 
 Ijiain-h r.iilway one nrile .md a half in length. Iniilt bv tlie euiiipanv. 
 and oonnoctinL; with the llai\ey and >ali-biirv iiailwav at a point 
 eleven miles from Suli-bnr\, w hciii f, o\er rhe Irrtereoloidal llailw.iv 
 the pro.luct may be readily shippe.. to all t'anadian and I'inlid States 
 points. The .sbip|iini; point by sea is Ihe miles and a h.alf by rail 
 from till' mine to Hillslxirou.'h. with diteit l.mdin^ .r. » hiirf for- 
 vessels of MiOto I.Uiitl ton- capacity. This i-ompany, "The .Mineral 
 I'l-oduct^ (,'omptiny of New ^'or■k, -ent the brie ipii ties to I'.ridnev ille. 
 Nova Scotia, where the -melriiiu plant of '• Th,- I'ietur'e Chaieoai Iron 
 Company htid been -ei'ured for the manufacture of ferrfi-nianganese. 
 Kor' some unknown reason, after- a period of ap|iai-ently -ticcessful 
 operations this i-onipany liaw disi.ontituied work. 
 
 I»esides this deposit ot wad, "'her ileposits have l)een noticed at 
 ditlerent places, amoiiL: which are l^iueeirsiiury, York county : north 
 iiranch of S. W. Miramichi; in f;ra\e|ly bank near government hou-e 
 
SKCriON OK MINES 
 
 at Kmlerictoii ; nciir Hiirvi y, Albeit couiitv 
 
 couiitv ; M'xiri'S Mills. Charlotti,' lounly iiuil otiier pliices. 
 
 tv ; Hull Moose Hill, Kirl^^ Man,,ank-k 
 
 As to tlie pr()l)iili!e (irii;in a 
 
 (I mode ot' t'orinatioM ot' the (k>i«>s\t^ 
 
 r.r'iii-wi, k. 
 
 of Wild oi ling in;iiii,'iiiie.- 
 spriliLts. 
 
 Dr. Cliulriiers' as>ii;iis it to the aetKiIi et 
 
 III thi 
 
 ot the D.iwsoii SeHleii..Mit d.'f,n-il, the l)e.l ..t wad lie 
 
 ill !i \ allev at tlii' ii(il 
 
 iheiii ha^e nt' a hill, and s] 
 
 linjis are 
 
 trieklin: 
 
 ddWM the hillside; doul>ll.-.s the pr."-e^s nt t..riiiatloii 
 
 .t Ir.,^ Iliuil 
 
 ;;anese i< ^till lioiiii,' iiii. 
 foUow- 
 
 |i|, I'.ailev .III the -.aiiie sui.jei t write-; a^ 
 
 An intere^tiiii; 'I"''-!!"" II' ec.iineriioii wi 
 
 ill th 
 
 ot tliiii' |ir .liable nri.'iii. ' ']"'i 
 
 little hL'ht, there b'Ui_' lh-llllll. 
 
 the vieiiritv nr any visible -■n 
 h.iv II 
 
 1^ (Hiinl the I'lea 
 
 M" 
 
 >\ r. 
 
 uv 'liniw- \eiy 
 nk- aiivwiieii' in 
 
 'I'he nearest 
 
 T-. e 11(1111 whieli the iiian.'atese may 
 lie iiide.d tho-e ot the niillstniin i;rit. 
 
 th.nuh th.-e HI-.' d-iiibiles, iihil.rlain as at 1 hllsii..r..ii-h and about 
 
 ihe All"rt mines by Lower ( 'arlMHiilerniis ii 
 
 ini hid'.iii.' limestone 
 
 N. 
 
 ne ot 1 ilese lloweVer. are in 11 
 
 iiedU iiian-aiiiteroii>. It H iNo a little 
 
 iiiLiulai that the ih (iosit ^iiould ha 
 
 ■h a UerMcd 
 
 -te;id ot 
 
 b( 
 
 •irej. as ii-iiai uitii oo^; ort--, near 
 
 IV I 
 
 lofi/ontal. 
 
 I- inalU . 1 he alii 111 t 
 
 lies- with whieh the d.jio^it- .-lid alon;. 
 
 the line of tie- inook reteiied to 
 
 aboNe. to"ari 
 
 N whii i, it iiehne^ uhile no sii 
 
 the o],|i ,>ite .-l,.|ie. is .iNo reiiiaikable, and seem 
 
 ■\\ material i^ to be found 
 - to Mluire^l tir.t 
 
 h'- ore^ ,ire tne t 
 
 lilt ot deposition tioni -pi 
 
 ,pe but waiitniii on the olhei , 
 
 ik 1 
 
 itiiit; (in the 
 
 itr 
 
 las eiriieil 
 
 th^ 
 
 •t ll 
 
 le solvent water. In ~ii| 
 
 iipnor! ot till- vievv il niav in- 
 
 ,li-|.rv,-.| that the hill-ide on wl.i, 1. the ore i I .e>l,i< reniarkaoie 
 
 tor the iiuinlier 
 
 iriii:.'- Hliieii i-siie iroiii Its -lo 
 
 in I h'- water- o| 
 
 iron ,inil m;umaiie<e i;ia\ 
 
 diK dete.led. 
 
 11- |iio\ iiieo t tie onlv 
 
 n-iees ot ervst.iUine maiiLaliese on 
 I. 
 
 In t 
 
 -.• tho-e of the Maedalen i-lands in the Cult ot S! I.aurenee, Kniii 
 
 an exaniinatioii ot these i-lani 
 the Ceoloi^'ioal Survey toi 
 
 lis Mr .lav Kiehard 
 write- a- t"lli 
 
 till' report ot 
 
 Initneitiatpiv 
 
 tpK 
 
 under Delllol- 
 ith 
 
 file hill, on .\inher-I i-l.ind. nmiiei oii- block- rharL"d 
 
 with pi foxiile ot iiiaTiL:atie--e 
 
 or pvrolu-ite. 
 
 iiioiil; the debris of 
 
 the fallen elill's, Ihey aie in pieees v.irvinu tioin one p. 
 
 d to te 
 
 lifteen pounds in wen.'ht. 
 deined f 
 
 mm a deposit iiioii' ■■! |es> lemi 
 
 There r-.ni be little doubt that they ,iie 
 lar in the hiU vide, but whieli 
 
 \,iiiii,il li. 1" 
 
 i;. •■] >.in ( ■ 
 
 \ ,.; NIL .\ S i. IVM. I'm M. 
 
 *|1 
 
 Hi 
 
 f: •' 
 
 ■fcr 
 
t 
 
 i.i ? 
 
 I 
 
 
 -■» i^KoLCKilCAI. si i;\ KV dl CAWHA 
 
 MsN.wKsh i-* now i()nii>lilcly ciiiiLcilcd l)y tlir t':illi'ii ildiris. At a [ilac' b<Miinj; 
 
 c)||,.i„.,. nearly iluc wp>t iVoin tJap aiix Mt-iiles. at tin' 'lisiiiiicr of al«)Ut aiiiilf, 
 
 ami cldsf lo tin- Kriijlisli Missinn •Imtrli, >iiriiliir |.i.ri-. U< tlmsc ahnvc 
 (If-riil)pil ,irc vrry tVcinicnlly jiirkiil u|.." 'riirs,- (lr|Hi.siis li.ivc lately 
 itlracted some atteriti'jii. and in I'.ni;; were piin lia-i ,1 hv a svTidieate 
 vviii.li iiiti'ml udrkini; llieni. 
 
 N\, 111 111 hoi; ni.irii.'aiiese lia.- iieiii oKsei\.'il al a Lireat iuimiImt of 
 
 |iMiiit> in thi- ].rii\ iiiee lint llii> iiu.ility i- | r as a ml.', and of sm/iil 
 
 roniinenial value i If ihe,,' .lepM^it- une ot tlirip.o>t enn^ideialiie i- 
 in the li.\vnslii|i .if Standi' ad, I.i '', lan-e X ; 'I'iiis ieposit is stated 
 to e'>\fi an aica ol alhiut tvii'nty a-ie- uilli a niaxiiMUrn llncKne-^ of 
 ,diou( I welve iiuhe .. Some . .f liiis Ol e afii'i' iiiidei:,',.iiiL.' a \i ashinLT to 
 flee it ti.iui the ^and, ^i\e .".7 ]iei cent nI peioxide. 
 
 Another de)io--it 'if -e\iral hiindied Mjuare vafd- iri extent with a 
 \inniiii thickness nt' si\ ire h.- \v,t~ uii^eived in the township i ' 
 I'loltiui. i.ii .'(). rani,'- Nil. 
 
 \1|-, A. 1*. Low. mention^ till- oeeiiirenee ol \v, 111 ,111 the Si. I.oiiis inml 
 ■>.iiiie fiiiir iiiile< and a h lit fioni l^liel.ee The di-|ni-it lieie is alu.'it 
 .s'\i y yards In li\e wit li .1 iiia.\iinnin oli-ei \ed tlii.kn'---i,f r .• eUe iinhes 
 
 'I'he foil. iw ini: other ore.ii i eiie-s w ere eoiii|ii|ed from the repoii -, ,,f 
 til,. I ,',i,I,,i_oe.d Sur-iey. 'I'le iiia'i.rity are ot ' luili-d e.xtent. 
 
 'In the lo.iii finm i.ainhlon tn St. I-'iancis. I ieain e ee jiity, neartlie 
 ea-tern iioiindaiy nf the town-hip of Tiiiii,'; on the west sj.je of the 
 I 'hioidii re river, opposite the inouth of the I'linin livii . in the 
 -1 iu'ii'iry of the \lesy . in the ~eii;no:y oi :<U: .Vnn.ilel.i I'ocatiere 
 in rear 1 if the ehiireli ; in Cleveland tnun.-liip, eoiinty of Kiehinoiid, 
 on iot It'i, raiiire .\ 1 [ I . in .St. .Sylvrster lot :•. ranee St. Cliarle- ; in 
 l.'a>)ie Miunory, half a mile wev ,,i Si. .\pollinaire eliiir. h. 
 
 I ',M. \\ \ 'I'KMMliiia. 
 
 In his M>|iort on tie- east .oast nf Hudson hiu, I >r. Hell mentions 
 the oei urienie of very iiiipoitanl deposits .if vpalhie iron ore in the 
 Naslapoia ehaiii i .f i-lands. 'I'hese ores i.ie in places very rich in 
 I'arbonate nf mam,'anese ; an :i\Pia:.'e ^pe.imen from I'lint inland \ielded 
 -■"i'44 per cent metallic iron ami ovei L' t [ler cpnt nf .arlionate of man 
 ;;anese. 'I'hese deposits are very ai ce^sihle ami iii.iv some dav lie 
 woikf'd prolitahly. 'Ihe liit;li content- of iiian;.'ane-e in t he.se ore.s 
 w.'iiid render them \aliialile in the in iniifactiire of -pie;,'eleisen. 
 
 fn.-i 
 •|'-n.. 
 
i 
 
 
 ' 
 
ANA I.YSES 01' C.\ N A I) I i^ 
 
 '\.\ >i ■ ■: A. 
 
 '■■';.(■ ISnl.io I ; ' 
 
 liivin 1 \lil:l, II. ...i .,f I.. „,. r. 
 
 Mini Hill-, tv 
 
 II. . . :..t ,,|' I.. , ;, I,. 
 
 M..,Ti~..I, Ml.,.., ,•..: V I, rh I,. 
 
 ii..u!,,r!..,,,- 1.;,..,.; .... 
 
 I...n.! . 
 
 Anil.. 
 
 '■.,'. /,,,(. 
 
 (■■...'.., ■.,!./ (■ 
 
 CIl. 
 
 !l.,.r,i, 
 
 •^l'rii.','\ill. 
 
 ;i I, 
 
 N;..v r. 
 
 'i.iwlnlli M 
 
 Mui.L. 
 
 • I..r.i,ui M. 
 
 <lii:i. . il.:. I 
 
 St J.. 
 
 'I I' I 
 
 Al„l:.-,.t M:, , 1, \\. 
 I'll.. ..( li,. .\I,,^-,|,,1. ,1 I, 
 
 i.'. ;. I -!..i.i. 
 
 r. „| 
 
 .•l.l:.ni-.,,„., y„,;>ll |,;,,l,,nui,, Nl., C 
 
 1). I'j. 
 
 i 1 i.iiMa. ; () 
 
.VI)[A\ ORHS OF M.\N(J ANliSE. 
 
 Mlill.VMt. 
 
 IN Nntici.. 
 
 ■■■■' y, 
 
 II ;)7 
 
 IV ■■■ . \\.,i 
 
 ■J ■!] 
 
 K't-nrirl 
 
 .Vi..; 
 
 <ii-:\. SiiTv. of Can., |s>ii. |,t. 'r. 
 
 I ■• Is;:* -^'1 .. h. 
 
 .. II. 
 
 \ ■■ |-<.'^l SI NL', .. II. 
 
 . ■Ti.'in--. i;..v. ;■■■, , I ',,.. \ ,,1^ I j' 
 • "■•■I. Si.i • y ,,; ( -.inu.iii. 
 
 .Miii.i.il H,,,. I'.s., l.< 
 
 . Iviiiil,. .111.1 l),,i,li„ I'liii. .\i,,., 
 isili;. 
 
 . . N rwi Scot':. Ii.~t. nl .Sc. im;,\ 
 
 I', „■.■ 
 
 I li 
 
 ■' "■ Ti:mi>. H.y.S,v..(\,u..\\.]. II. 
 
 N'laSci.tii li|,t. ,,]■ v;,.^ |j,(;-, 
 
 ''I'i" Tr.iLH. i;..y. S..C., (ail., V<.|. II. 
 
 i-r Itt.W 
 
 N.nii S.-utiii In^i, cif .-■„.., 1st;.-,. 
 Trans. l!,,v. .S,c-.. ( •..n. \',.l II, 
 
 IJ ..ill 
 
 Tral>. Ii,,y. S..I'.. C;,!,.. \\,1. I|t 
 
 .1 II \> ,.; 
 71 >■"■ M..' .',; 
 
 '■ l'->i,.>-^r.. I, ,1,1, (;,,,!. ,s„,,. i;,.|, ,v,,(i. I'.i,, s 
 ,, „ M""i^:! i;.~.. r.S., !,>:«;. 
 
 .\'!aiiis. 
 
 < M '!. Siirv. lit-p, . l*^^.^. 
 
 Ti ;.■.■■ 
 
 .M ll.'lal K'.'.s., I .S.. \s.-H. 
 
 i LMlvaiiiuSti-, K\i ,, " 
 
 s ;;7 
 
 \- M.r„„„.y. t:,|,.i,,i;,,„„vk 
 
 .Mf^'.C. 
 
 iiii'iii. •; li.ir> t.i .iiiii >iiii 
 
 .\!.-.i UMf ,.f C'li. aii.l (,\,, 
 
 '■ .V.l.uns.. 
 
 !:.■ 1. S'lrv. .r Can., I,s7,s t,n .-,| 
 
 „ ,, ":iii n 
 
 ' •■^•^■•'"""•N.VI;,,. ,.,\v, 1, Tait. 
 
Man. 
 
 r.if 
 

 hK< riOS (iK MINKS 'jn 
 
 <)ST\UH}. \I*N„ANMK, 
 
 There arc very tVw iiccurtences of ores ot' inaiiKUiieHe in this pt'i i)rn«tici, 
 vincp, and none of thrsi- hat* U-cn worked. One of the first dis-'overii's 
 is that of l!llchew)lImn^ Imy on Luke Supt^rior, which is dencrilx'd ii^ 
 fnllowH in the "(Jeology of Caniuiii isij.'t." 
 
 "At Kachewrtnunj; hiiy, ne»r the s,, ml, west end of the l'p[)er Canada 
 Mininjr Company > location, and not far from tlic shore is a larye \ein 
 of manganese ore, ruiinmi; north and south, .itid from fifty to sixty 
 feet wide. It is ilescribed as presentiiii; tlic aspect of a lUCie.H.ssion of 
 small knobs, in which, nii.xed with a re<ldish irappi-an rock, arc nume- 
 rous strings of tlio ore, associated with (|Uart/. and calc spar, and occa- 
 sionally with octahedral crystals of lluor. The ore, which is ina.ssive 
 with small jreodes of crystals, is described by Prof. Iliulley as mani^anite 
 or hydrous 8es(]uioxide of manganese, which for manufacturing purfH)Ses 
 is inferior to the peroxide. A specimen was found by lussay to l>eei(Ual 
 to sixty per cent of peroxide of nianganese.' 
 
 In the Ilainy lake disi rict manganese has liecn discovered associate*! 
 with the iron ore deposits to the north of (iuntliiit lake : an occurrence is 
 descrilwd as follows by Mr. Conmee in the second re|>ort of the Ontario 
 Bureau of Mines ; "This range (iron ore) is near .Sanil lake, four miles 
 from the Port Arthur, Duluth, and Western railway. The deposit has 
 l)een found to l)e a large one. .V pit has l)een sunk about l.'i ftet, and as 
 far as the pit has shown up the vein, it seems to be verv much decom- 
 posed. The ore assayed (3.")J per cent, of iron and carried also a good 
 percentage of manganese. The manganese appears to be dispersed 
 among the iron, but it also occurs in pockctn : they have taken out 
 small quantities of manganese almost pure." 
 
 Wad or bou manganese occurs at several places in Ontario but lias 
 not attracted any attention, so that very little is known al)Out these 
 occurrences. An extensile deposit is said to occur in Hastings county, 
 Madoc tp., lot 4, range V. 
 
 
 I 
 
 1 1 
 
 NoKTH-wEaT Tehritoriks. 
 
 In Assinilwia a deposit of manganese ore is rejwjrted to occur on the 
 north bank of the north fork of Willow creek. Tp. -"i, H. 1, west of 
 Ith Mer. 
 
 Mr. Pearce gives the following description of the deposit: "The 
 manganese is found in pockets in a lioni'ycombed formation four or five 
 feet thick, composed of clay and .sand with no sulphur or lime. Taking 
 the deposit as .i whole, manganese is estimated to run .^ per cent." 
 
 N(prtli-w»'.st 
 TtTritiiiifrt. 
 
 \. i 
 
 il 
 
if 
 
 20 
 
 IIKOLOOICAL Hl'RVKV OF CANADA 
 
 Maxiiank.uk. HKirmii ('(H.rMiiiA. 
 
 HriCmh 
 
 f *<iliirii)iiii. 
 
 The only rooord oviiilahla i)f iliscovt'ry of ores of manKaneHe in Hritinh 
 CiilurabiH, is that of important occurrences of bog iimnganese in NicoU 
 valley, hut, only a i;oinp:iratively small part of the province hao Ijeen 
 thorouKlily prospected, and it is very probiilile that rich depfdits exist 
 which have not vet been found. 
 
 K.fr 
 
 REKKUKN'CKS. 
 
 It*ii>:\. I., W. I'll,. MiiHTnl |{.,»iniriH- ..f N.-« Itriiii^wick, l{.-|..rt (JikiI. .Smv.-y 
 
 \'.,|. .\. m<T. \:nt M. 
 I'.n.i.. |)i, I!. I!.-!.,!! ,m ;iii K\|.|,.nitMiii uf tli.- Kii.si (',,a»l nf IIihIw,ii I!,i\, [t.'|Hiri 
 
 nf ri,.nii'>». (iwil. .Suiv.-y cf f'allinlll, I,S77 7H. 
 l;iii "MM. II. I'. II. li, |«,r! lM,,|,,^i,al .Siirvcv i.f (.';ili.iil.i, IWKI. I';irt S. \'..I. V. 
 I'\">.,\. Sir. I. W, \,,i.|i,in (;.(,I,,wv, 
 
 I'-ii-.l" l: \\ -n,. Miii.r.il l!,-.,ur,VH,,f ll„. |',..Mii, f i.>,„U-r. I!. |.,rt ( J. .1. 
 
 >ur\, y c.f ('aliiiila. \'ol. I\'. I'.ut K, 
 I'lKI. llHi. II. l;,.|.,rt ,.11 th,- i;,.,,I,,^y ,,f I'liti.ii mill (',,|i'li.-t.-i 
 
 ■■MiiMV ,.| CMiiinhi, N'.il. \', I'iirr I'. 
 
 Ii.n-i ii> li. 11 .-iiii ,,11.:- .if .,|«.r.,ti,,n« .if (i.-.il. Siiixi.y f„T \,;,i, l,-i:i:) .„„| |i«ii-ir_', 
 
 '^iLi'iv. Iji. M Miiil .\liri. i.iN i.f NiiVii S|..,n:i. Ixmi, 
 
 '.'ill'lS. IJ. Ni,l... . II M,llli;i4ll.. ,-,.f \.,\j Si.illii, 'rLiii". li.iV 
 
 \.i| II. 
 
 lii'i'iv Kii, Tl.i. Mui..r.il~ ,,f .V,,va S, iiti.i. |!«KI. 
 Ili.». I'l-.if Truiis. N,,v;, S..,iiia InM, i if Sir. \-.,|. I. 
 ll'iH. I'lol l|,,\v'. .\|iii.ral,.i:> •,f N.n.i Sciiti.i. 
 .lK\M-..N, \V. r. .M.,iii,':iii.M- ,|,.|H.,,i(s ,if N,,ia .s-iitia. Tr.iii.. Can. .Mining' 
 
 iii~i.. i.yw. 
 
 Ml.VKH.M. Si Ml^rii - \Mi .\Iisks. I ;i..il.ii,-ic al S lv,.y ,,| Caiiail.i. .Viiiiuil Ke|i,,rt. 
 .Mines .s..i)ti..ii. isim l*(i ]^[<- is,.is. 
 
 I'KNHo-K. Hr M.iiiifani'si- l)ei».:<it«i)f .\liii>nca, UihiI. Suivt<y..f .■\rkulH..i», \',i|. |. 
 
 l.^'HI. 
 
 U ii.i.Miirn. ('. \\ . N,,t,,,,n .\|in..s anil .Miii.'ial.v iJ.i.l. :'iiri uf l.'ana.ia, l.'^M^-.NJi- 
 si. I'. lit I, 
 
 linlli's. Crcil. 
 
 * '.■i(l..l(l.l. 
 
HMIION OK Ml^tKn 
 
 TAUMO OK CONTKXTS. 
 
 ' * 
 
 l.il'' 1 <•< ll.ih-lliltlal 
 
 St.itl.tlK. 111!. I. ..f lill|.ilictl..ri ■■< 
 
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