•iV> 
 
 
 IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-S) 
 
 ^/ 
 
 
 fe 
 
 ,.v 
 
 
 € <i 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^M^ 
 
 /h. 
 
 A 
 
 
 ■/., 
 
 1.0 
 
 1.1 
 
 
 L25 II 1.4 
 
 2.5 
 2.2 
 
 IP. 
 
 1.6 
 
 %. 
 
 ^ 
 
 /a 
 
 °^ > 
 
 / 
 
 
 % 
 
 
 S 
 
 Photographic 
 
 ^Sdences 
 
 Corporation 
 
 23 WEST MAIN STREET 
 
 WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 
 
 (716) 872-4503 
 

 CIHM/ICMH 
 
 Microfiche 
 
 Series. 
 
 CIHM/ICMH 
 Collection de 
 microfiches. 
 
 Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques 
 
Technical and Bibliographic Notas/IMotas techniques at bibliographiques 
 
 The Institute has attempted to obtain the best 
 original copy available for filming. Features of this 
 copy which may be bibliographicaiiy unique, 
 which may alter any of the images in the 
 reproduction, ot which may significantly change 
 the usual method of filming, are checked below. 
 
 n 
 
 Coloured covers/ 
 Couverture de couleur 
 
 I I Covers damaged/ 
 
 Couverture endommagie 
 
 □ Covers restored and/or laminated/ 
 Couverture restaur^ et/ou pellicuiie 
 
 □ Cover title missing/ 
 Ls titre de couverture manque 
 
 □ Coloured maps/ 
 Cartes giographiques en couleur 
 
 □ Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ 
 Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que blaue ou no 
 
 que blaue ou noire) 
 
 trations/ 
 Pl&nches at/ou illustrations en couleur 
 
 Buund with other material/ 
 ReliA avec d'autras documents 
 
 I I Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ 
 j I Buund with "other material/ 
 
 D 
 
 n 
 
 D 
 
 Tight binding mjy cause shadows or distortion 
 along interior margin/ 
 
 La re liure serr^e peut causer de I'ombre ou de la 
 distorsion le lonb de la marge intirieura 
 
 Blank leaves added during restoration may 
 appear within the text. Whenever possible, these 
 have been omitted from filming/ 
 II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajouties 
 lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans la texte, 
 mais, lorsque cela «tait possible, ces pages n'ont 
 pas it* filmies. 
 
 Additional comments:/ 
 Commentaires supplimentaires; 
 
 L'Institut a microfilm* le meilleur exemplaire 
 qu'il lui a *t* possible de se procurer. Les details 
 de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-dtre uniques du 
 point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier 
 une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une 
 modification dans la m«thode normaie de filmage 
 sort indiquAs ci-dessous. 
 
 n 
 
 n 
 
 D 
 Q 
 D 
 
 n 
 
 n 
 
 Coloured pages/ 
 Pages de couleur 
 
 Pages damaged/ 
 Pages endommagies 
 
 Pages restored and/or laminated/ 
 Pages rsstauries et/ou peiliculies 
 
 Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ 
 Pages dicolories, tacheties ou piquies 
 
 Pages detached/ 
 Pages ditachdes 
 
 Showthrough/ 
 Transparence 
 
 Quality of print varies/ 
 Quality indgale de I'impression 
 
 Ikicludes supplementary material/ 
 Comprend du materiel supplimentaire 
 
 Only edition available/ 
 Seule Mition disponible 
 
 Pages wholly or partiaily obscured by errata 
 slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to 
 ensure the best possible image/ 
 Les pages totalement ou partieilement 
 obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une peiure. 
 etc.. ont 4t6 fiimies d nouveau de facon d 
 obtenir la meilleure image possible. 
 
 This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ 
 Ce document est film« au taux de reduction indiqui ci-dessous. 
 lOX 14X 18X 22X 
 
 12X 
 
 y 
 
 16X 
 
 20X 
 
 26X 
 
 30X 
 
 24X 
 
 28X 
 
 32X 
 
The copy filmed here he* been reproduced thanks 
 to the generosity of: 
 
 Douglas Library 
 Queen's University 
 
 The Images appearing here are the best quality 
 possible considering the condition and legibility 
 of the original copy and In keeping with the 
 filming contract specifications. 
 
 Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed 
 beginning with the front cover and ending on 
 the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- 
 sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All 
 other original copies are filmed beginning on the 
 first page with a printed or Illustrated Impres- 
 sion, and ending on the last page with a printed 
 or Illustrated Impression. 
 
 The last recorded frame on each microfiche 
 shall contain the symbol —►(meaning "CON- 
 TINUED"), or the symbol y (meaning "END"), 
 whichever applies. 
 
 Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at 
 different reduction ratios. Those too large to be 
 entirely included In one e;!i;posure are filmed 
 beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to 
 right and top to bottom, as many frames as 
 required. The following diagrams Illustrate the 
 method: 
 
 ( 'exemplaira film* fut reproduit grAce k ia 
 g«n«rosit« de: 
 
 Douglas Library 
 Queen's University 
 
 Les images sulvantes ont M reproduitos avec le 
 plus grand soln, compte tenu de la condition et 
 de ia nettet* de i'exemplaire film6. et en 
 conformity avec les conditions du contrat de 
 filmage. 
 
 Les exempiaires originaux dont la couverture en 
 papier est imprlmte sont filmfo en commenpant 
 par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la 
 dernlAre page qui comporte une emprelnte 
 d'impression ou d'lilustratlon, soit par le second 
 plat, salon le cas. Tous les autres exempiaires 
 originaux sont flimte en commen^ant par la 
 premiAre page qui comporte une emprelnte 
 d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par 
 la d«»rnidre page nui comporte une telle 
 emprelnte. 
 
 Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la 
 dernidre image de cheque microfiche, seion le 
 cas: le symboie — i*- signifie "A SUIVRE", le 
 symbols V signifie "FIN". 
 
 Les cartes, plpnches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre 
 fllm6s A des taux de reduction diffdrents. 
 Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre 
 reproduit en un seul ciichA, II est fiimd A partir 
 de i'angle sup6rieur gauche, de gauche A droite. 
 et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre 
 d'Images nAcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants 
 lllustrent la mAthode. 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
( 
 
THE 
 
 CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 BY 
 
 JOHN H. VINCENT. 
 
 WITH AN INTRODUCTION 
 
 BY 
 
 PRESIDENT LEWIS MILLER. 
 
 BOSTON: 
 CHAUTAUQUA PRESS, 
 
 117 FRANKLIN STREET. 
 1886. 
 
i^p LC(^3oi • c-s^vrr 
 
 Copyright, 1885, 
 By JOHN H. VINCENT. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 THIS book has been prepared .v. the midst of arduous official 
 labors, and nothing but the writer's interest in the cause 
 
 addresses in .11 '"''^'^f "J"^"' =»"d presented in lectures and 
 acdresses m all parts of the country. To such reproductions 
 
 W.1 give to many persons who know little or nothing about 
 Chau auqua, and to those who may have been prejudiced agains 
 It, the true v.ew of its aims and plans, and thus secure to the 
 cause new and firm friends, and increase its power for good. 
 
 It IS the author's purpose (or at least his hope), at some future 
 t^e to pubhsh a volume of "Chautauqua Me'morialsrwih de- 
 tailed programmes of what was done at every Assembly, and wU h 
 the memoranda of things proposed from time to t L, nevfr 
 
 'cL^qTanf '• '"^^ ^ --^'-''^ -'" -^^ ^ — irT 
 f. .^"r'"",'"^ *"' ^"'^'°'''' P''"'^"^^ ^^'^*^o»s to the beginning, and 
 
 ttle m this volume content and grateful to have been permitted 
 by a gracious Providence, to engage in the good cause wUh the 
 worthy workers who have helped to found ^and to build t up 
 Some kind words on this subject by Mr. Miller, in his Introduc' 
 t.on, the author has taken the liberty to suppress. " ' 
 
 1 le book IS now committed to the "hosts of Chautauaua" and 
 to "the outside world." in the humble hope that it may help to 
 advance the noble cause which aims to lif? and b oaden and n 
 manifold ways to bless humanity. ^^ '"* 
 
 Plainfield, N.J., March 3, i8S6. ^' ^' VINCENT. 
 
 302:i'^tj\ 
 
w 
 in 
 
 ai 
 
 wi 
 wi 
 bo 
 mi 
 
 nai 
 spj 
 wh 
 eve 
 cial 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 By lewis miller, Esa 
 
 C™f W^:^" Zf ""''='' ^- - -,„ged recognition 
 the sky for its fre^ro^rf ..r u '"'"S fo^ "« rostrum, w th 
 
 cises^hecruXL1,''f:r"tt^:dl'",'' ""™- ^''"- 
 a. the start, made catholic as to freed" t^^T"''- " "^' 
 but dl denominational , ,.1 T ' ' ""denominational, 
 organi.ation,Tat r 'rat'fetst" ^'!^\''»°P-'-n or 
 which the particular order wourde'tn'' '''' '°"'""'«™ 
 ing for magnifying God's Z^^^nT^l :„rT'''i°''"- 
 each .0 bring its strongest 1;,|7 T u f ' *'" S^^^''^'^- 
 
 andtheraysLngthreT^dtL e'd,":^Hi^^^^^^^ 
 
 hoard, .thHarerrd I^rrLTi tX^ ^ l^r 
 mysteries of the Book. ^ ^ niaden 
 
 spheres oTTZm^L"^"" "t ''«''^" °'«'=""^ » =«" 
 which would mlTflitTth" ^'™ ')" ^""^ *^' '^^«8"'«»» 
 every citizen T^o u. Th lU'L° .dl*^ ^"^ ^° '^^ 
 ciaUon or the chuL and c^^^^ Ll ■r'':^^- 
 
mmmm 
 
 VI 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 1 ' ( 
 
 visit of that greatest of generals and statesmen, U. S. Grant, 
 while president of the United States, had a significance beyond 
 a mere general and pleasure-seeking purpose. When the pres- 
 entation of the Bible, by the chancellor of Chautauqua, was 
 made, the true purpose became apparent. The acceptance of 
 the Book by that great man, in silence, had the appearance 
 of indifference in interest ; but that great heart being too full 
 of gratitude for utterance, silence became a higher tribute than 
 words, and may it ever stand as a seal of humble and highest 
 recognition. 
 
 It was the purpose that the scientist and statesman, the arti- 
 san and tradesman, should bring their latest and best to this 
 altar of consecration and praise ; that the tourist and pleasure- 
 seeker should here stop and fir d their best place for reveries ; 
 when thus strengthened, to return to their respective fields, 
 and there, through the year, weave into the fibre of the home- 
 work the newly gathered inspiration and strength. 
 
 My past experience brings the conviction that the great want 
 of humanity is recognition. The men of trade, factory, or field, 
 need the association of the theorist and the professions j the 
 theorist and the professions need contact with the arts and 
 artisan. This thought has not in it equality of ability, equality 
 of wealth, equality of social power, but equality of consideration, 
 of privileges, and of rights. The One who gave us, and is, the 
 model of our Christian religion, could dispute with the lawyers 
 and doctors at twelve years of age, but went on strengthening 
 until he was thirty, before associating himself with the fisher- 
 men of Galilee ; and not until the second year of his ministry 
 was the multitude gathered on the mount for the great inaugu- 
 ral for common humanity. The national spirit, as it gathers 
 strength and greatness, should be, to come nearer and to care 
 more for the common citizen. 
 
 As the arts multiply, and the facility for producing with 
 rapidity increases, the wants for all become greater. There 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 vn 
 
 must come to the common citizen, if justice is done, more leis- 
 ure, more pay, more knowledge, more pleasure. The beloved 
 Garfield, in his short, well-timed speech at Chautauqua, said, 
 " It has been the struggle of the world to get more leisure, but 
 it was left for Chautauqua to show how to use it." 
 
 Not the least of Chautauqua's mission is to develop and 
 make more practical the teaching of the Book as condensed in 
 the great second commandment, " Love thy neighbor as thy- 
 self." All our schemes and steps of development must, if 
 founded in a true spirit, have in them a common good for all. 
 Three thoughts of the Bible are : Know the Lord ; Love the 
 Lord; Love thy neighbor as thyself. How pleasing now the 
 thought, as the world is asked to take a survey of the foun- 
 datirns of Chautauqua, that the public platform and private 
 tent were first consecrated by praise and adoration to God, 
 that the first school for increased knowledge was the church 
 school, and that the gathered people sat and ate at one common 
 table ! May that spirit ever remain. This principle is funda- 
 mental in our Republic. The Declaration of Independence 
 was an inspiration from a heart that saw clearly this need of 
 human recognition. In this spirit the right of representation 
 through the ballot is given to all our citizens. The right of 
 the ballot brings with it the need of general intelligence : our 
 national and public schools are already a model for the Old 
 World. The church school must mould and guide the con- 
 science and heart of the ever-rising generation, and keep 
 guiding principles constantly impressed. 
 
 We are in the midst of great problems and struggles, — the 
 right of the people to deal with the commonly accepted national 
 questions, such as temperance, and sabbath observance, the 
 rights of property, the rights of labor, the rights of trade, 
 the rights of money, the rights of woman. These problems the 
 present and near future must solve. Lovers of our common 
 religion, lovers of our great Republic, lovers of common human- 
 
Vlll 
 
 IN TROD L/C T/ ON. 
 
 ity, must make one common cause, must recognize the situation, 
 and raise themselves up to the magnitude of the occasion, and 
 carry all through to the brightness beyond. 
 
 Chautauqua must perform her part. The churchman, the 
 statesman, the humanitarian, must be brought on her platform, 
 and there, free from caste and party spirit, discuss questions,' 
 solve problems, and inaugurate measures that will mould and 
 inspire for the right. 
 
 Those whose love and self-sacrificing efforts helped so much 
 to make Chautauqua, are too numerous to receive special 
 mention. 
 
 The Chautauqua Camp-meeting Managers gave the Assembly 
 movement a most hearty welcome, and, when permanence was 
 assured, deeded over thei. charter with its privileges and all 
 their property to the Managers of the Sunday-school Assembly. 
 
 The Board of Trustees selected from the different States of 
 the Union and Canada, and as far as possible from all the 
 denominations, are men of wisdom and business integrity. They 
 gather as often as called, and give their most hearty and full 
 support to all its interests. It will be permitted to mention 
 the names of Francis H. Root of Buffalo, N.Y., and Jacob 
 Miller of Canton, O., who, beside giving their wise counsel 
 through all the years, gave special financial support. The 
 Secretaries in their order, as elected, cannot be passed over 
 without special mention being made of them. Brother Leslie, 
 who was Secretary of the first Sunday-school Assembly, per- 
 formed his work faithfully and well. He was one. of the first to 
 pass away, and make it necessary that another should take up 
 the work where he left off. Dr. W. W. Wythe, then of Erie, 
 Penn., succeeded Mr. Leslie. Many are the places of special 
 mterest that are the work of" his hands, and not a few his con- 
 tribution of original design. A. K. Warren was Dr. Wythe's 
 successor. He was a man of sterling integrity, was a good 
 accountant, had most excellent taste, and a man of great ability. 
 
INTRODUCTION, 
 
 ix 
 
 Many of the finer buildings now on Chautauqua grounds are 
 of his design. He served the Association faithfully to the 
 time of his death. W. A. Duncan of Syracuse, N.Y., is Mr. 
 Warren's successor, and is the present Secretary, and Superin- 
 tendent of Grounds. He has always taken great interest in the 
 Y.M.C.A. throughout the State of New York, and did much 
 to build up throughout the State that institution. The finances 
 under his management are in most excellent condition. The 
 cottage-holders, as a body, have done their part by providing 
 for bodily comforts, which did much to induce guests to return 
 from year to year. 
 
 Much credit should be given to the editors and managers 
 of the Chautauqua " Herald," and " Chautauquan," for theii 
 perseverance during days of trial and doubts. The final success 
 of these papers is largely due the present editor and publisher, 
 Dr. T. L, Flood, who gave up the pulpit to make these two 
 publications his only work. 
 
 The thoughtful and entertaining exercises on the platform 
 and in the hall brought the life and spirit which is felt in 
 thousands of churches, circles, and homes. 
 
 Akron, 0., February, 1886. 
 
t 
 
 s 
 h 
 
 F 
 b 
 
 r 
 
 t 
 
 a 
 
 a 
 
 f( 
 
 tl 
 (( 
 
 a 
 a: 
 II 
 
The Chautauqua Movement. 
 
 ««i m 111 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 " Jfa man write a book, let him set down only what he Jknows.^' — GoZTHE. 
 
 THE task I have taken upon myself is to tell, in a 
 simple way, the story of Chautauqua, — a story of 
 to-day ; without romantic, heroic, or tragic element ; a 
 story of the people ; a story in which the scholars will 
 be interested, because the scholars are a part of the 
 people ; a story in which the rich and the refined will 
 be interested, —the rich who are truly refined, and the 
 refined whether rich or poor, — because they believe in 
 the brotherhood of the race and in its high destiny, and 
 are proud to account themselves a part of it. 
 
 I shall make no effort to excite the pity of the wealthy 
 and the learned for the poor and the illiterate, — class 
 for class, upper for lower. Chautauqua is not one of 
 the "associated charities," nor is it a department of 
 "home missions." It comes alike to the door of want 
 and of wealth, with proffered blessings for both, and is 
 as likely to gain entrance at one door as at the other. 
 It deals with matters which, by the order of an impar- 
 
1[ 
 
 I 
 
 2 r//E CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 tial Providence, belong to "all clas<!P« ,n^ „„ a:- 
 of mpn " -ru c 1. , , Classes and conditions 
 
 ot men The full-orbed "Chautauqua idea" must 
 awaken in all genuine souls a fresh enthusiasm inTue 
 I.v.ng, and bring rich and poor, learned and unl arned 
 .nto neighborship and comradeship, helpful ..l^;. 
 
 Education, once the peculiar privilege of the few 
 
 pores'o:" f 'tr ^^^^''^r^^^ "^coL thf^td 
 
 able r 2 of V "'"^; ^' '^ " "^*"'" ='"d -^"en- 
 able right of human souls. The gift of imagination of 
 
 exSe "■"""' "' '"™"'"'"' "' -nstr^ict veil 
 
 to him °^ tht "? "^^^ ^'"^ ™P""''y surrender, as 
 to h mself, this endowment, nor deny to his neighbor 
 he right and obligation which it involves. Givenlntel 
 iC '°t:^\ Vr""^'' '"'^"-'- "-■•pHn an d 
 ers and w 'l""°"^ '""'"' "^ "'°"S''t, teach- 
 
 of fortune rTbu' ™T^ "°"^^ ^"^ ""^ f^^^tes 
 o fortune. It holds no less among the lowly. -the 
 plebeians and the peasants of society 
 
 Diversity in the direction of talent, and difference 
 n degree, together with inequalities of social condT 
 
 uZrrLd""'''" ''\''^"'^"'' "P°" '"« indMdu "for 
 culture and service; but the utter neglect of intel- 
 
 LnHolZ""'it"' "'r'"^'' "•'^"'^^ " "' 'y -"-i^ ° 
 
 t" he s It^' • ^ '^ " ' '"■'"^ '" '''^' '" "'^ ^^™"y- 
 r„H f. '^'^' ""'^ " ''^^^^^ him blind whom 
 
 turnsT .'" '"r"'' "^"'^ t° 'he family since " 
 turns him into a physical or commercial macbL whom 
 God appointed to be companion and comforter; tlth^ 
 s ate, since ,t makes him a mere figure-head - Uether 
 of clay or gold -whom God intended to be a «,„ I 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 3 
 
 lor and helper, and to "have dominion" according to 
 the measure of his power. No man has a right to neg- 
 lect his personal education, whether he be prince or 
 ploughboy, broker or hod-carrier. He needs knowl- 
 edge, and the wisdom which makes knowledge avail- 
 able. Where the power lies, there rests responsibility 
 for Its use. Circumstances seem to favor the prince 
 and to be against the ploughboy ; but, after all, the 
 latter, overcoming adverse conditions, may acquire an 
 education worth a great deal more'to the world than 
 that of the prince with his opportunities. Struggle 
 against what men call fate brings power. One hour of 
 study every day, with heroic purpose, may prove more 
 valuable to the student than five hours a day of easy 
 memorizing and reciting. The prince may complete his 
 course in a few years, and, having "finished," graduate. 
 The ploughboy, moving slowly, may require four times 
 the number of years to cover the same ground ; but that 
 length of time may be an advantage to the humble 
 student. It may require greater concentration when 
 he does study; and the long hours of manual labor 
 may be enriched by thought, and thus mav knowledge 
 gain a firmer hold, and its vitalizing power be increased 
 Chautauqua has a work to do for college graduates 
 It enters protest against the suspension of intellectual 
 effort when the compulsory regime of the recitation- 
 room has been remitted, - a fault so common and so 
 pernicious that college men themselves frequently bring 
 mto disrepute the college system. Intellectual activity 
 must be continuous in order to promote intellectual 
 health and efficiency. College life is the vestibule to a 
 great tem.ple. He who crosses its pavement, and reads 
 
I 
 
 4 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 the inscriptions on its doors, but goes no farther, might 
 as well never have entered the campus at all Too 
 many suspend literary pursuit when the diploma is won 
 and the world of business opens before them Chau' 
 tauqua provides, for such as these, incentives to a per- 
 sonal review of the entire college curriculum in a series 
 of English readings. It urges them to prosecute ad- 
 vanced courses of study, and suggests a plan by which 
 college prestige and power may be used in helping 
 less favored neighbors who desire education. This last 
 class IS large. It is made up of eager minds who need 
 direction and encouragement. They would ask ques- 
 tions, and gratefully accept assistance, if college gradu- 
 ates would simply place themselves within reach 
 
 Chautauqua has therefore a message and a mission 
 for the times. It exalts education, - the mental, social, 
 mora , and religious culture of all who have mental 
 social, moral, and religious faculties ; of all, everywhere 
 without exception. It aims to promote a combination 
 ot the old domestic, religious, educational, and indus- 
 trial agencies ; . to take people on all sides of their 
 natures, and cultivate them symmetrically, making men 
 women, and children everywhere more affectionate and 
 sympathetic as members of a family ; more conscien- 
 tious and reverent, as worshippers together of the true 
 God ; more intelligent and thoughtful as students in a 
 universe of ideas ; and more industrious, economical, 
 just, and generous, as members of society in a work-a- 
 day world. The theory of Chautauqua is that life is 
 one, and that religion belongs everywhere. Our people 
 young and old, should consider educational advantages 
 as so many religious opportunities. Every day should 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 be sacred. The schoolhouse should be God's house. 
 There should be no break between sabbaths. The 
 cable of divine motive should stretch through seven 
 days, touching with its sanctifying power every hour 
 of every day. 
 
 Kitchen work, farm work, shop work, as well as 
 school work, are divine. They hide rare pearls in 
 their rough shells. They are means of discipline in 
 the highest qualities of character, and through them 
 come some of the greatest and mightiest energies from 
 the heavens. People should be guarded against that 
 baleful heresy, that, when they leave the hour of song, 
 prayer, and revival power, and go to homely service in 
 shop or field, they are imperilling spiritual life, as 
 though only so-called sacred services could conserve 
 it. 
 
 We need an alliance and a hearty co-operation of 
 Home, Pulpit, School, and Shop, — an alliance conse 
 crated to universal culture for young and old ; for all 
 the days and weeks of all the years ; for ail the varied 
 faculties of the soul, and in all the possible relations of 
 life. 
 
 Chautauqua teaches that each of these institutions 
 embodies and represents an idea, and that every man 
 needs in hi 3 own life these representative ideas, — the 
 home idea of mutual love and tenderness ; the church 
 idea of reverence and conscientiousness; the school 
 idea of personal culture ; and the shop idea of diligence, 
 economy, and mutual help. The young and the old 
 need these things. Thr -ich and the poor need them. 
 Capital and labor need tnem. The educated and the 
 illiterate need them. Chautauqua says therefore : Give 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT 
 
 P 
 
 them to the people. Hold up high standards of attain- 
 ment. Show the learned their limitations, and the il- 
 literate their possibilities. Chautauqua pleads for a 
 univer'^al education ; for plans of reading and study ; 
 for all legitimate enticements and incitements to ambi- 
 tion ; for all necessary adaptations as to time and 
 topics ; for ideal associations which shall at once excite 
 the imagination, and set the heart aglow. Chautauqua 
 stretches over the land a magnificent temple, broad as 
 the continent, lofty as the heavens, into which homes, 
 churches, schools, and shops may build themselves as 
 parts of a splendid university in which people of all 
 ages and conditions may be enrolled as students. It 
 says : Unify such eager and various multitudes. Let 
 them read the same books, think along the same lines, 
 sing the same songs, observe the same sacred days, — 
 days consecrated to the delights of a lofty intellectual 
 and spiritual life. Let the course of prescribed read- 
 ing be broad and comprehensive; limited in its first 
 general survey of the wide world of knowledge ; open- 
 ing out into special courses, according to the reader's 
 development, taste, and opportunity. Show people out 
 of school what wonders people out of school may ac- 
 complish. Show people no longer young, that the mind 
 reaches its maturity long after the school-days end, and 
 that some of the best intellectual and literary labor is 
 performed in and beyond middle life. College halls are 
 not the only places for prosecuting courses of study. 
 College facilities are not the only opportunities for 
 securing an education. A college is possible in every- 
 day life if one choose to use it ; a college in house, 
 shop, street, farm, market, for rich and poor, the curricu- 
 
 1 
 
WT. 
 
 ■ds of attain- 
 ), and the il- 
 pleads for a 
 and study ; 
 ;nts to ambi- 
 :o time and 
 once excite 
 Chautauqua 
 )le, broad as 
 ^hich homes, 
 emselves as 
 >eople of all 
 tudents. It 
 itudes. Let 
 ; same lines, 
 :red days, — 
 intellectual 
 cribed read- 
 in its first 
 edge; open- 
 the reader's 
 ' people out 
 3ol may ac- 
 at the mind 
 ys end, and 
 ■ary labor is 
 ge halls are 
 s of study, 
 ^unities for 
 e in every- 
 2 in house, 
 the curricu- 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 7 
 
 lum of which runs through the whole of life ; a college 
 that trains men and women everywhere to read and 
 think and talk and do ; and to read, think, talk, and do 
 with a purpose ; and that purpose, that they may be • a 
 college that trains indolent people to work with their 
 own hands ; that trains people who work with their 
 hands, to work also with their brains, - to think in 
 their work, to think for their work, and to make other 
 people work and think. 
 
 A plan of this kind, simple in its provisions, limited 
 in Its requirements, accepted by adults, prosecuted with 
 hrm purpose, appealing to the imagination and to the 
 conscience, must work miracles, intellectual, social, and 
 rehgious m household, neighborhood, and nation. And 
 this IS the "Chautauqua Idea;" and the idea in active 
 operation is the Chautauqua of which I write 
 
 Its benefits are manifold and obvious. It brings 
 
 parents into fuller sympathy with- their children, at the 
 
 time when sympathy is most needed, - sympathy with 
 
 hem m their educational aims, sympathy with them in 
 
 lines of reading and study. 
 
 It helps parents to help the teachers of their children 
 preparing infants under school age to make a good 
 beginning ; inciting and assisting the children who have 
 entered school, to do good work in preparation and reci! 
 .ation ; protecting them against the peculiar tempta- 
 ions of playground and class-room ; holding them 
 
 ek he h H ' ^'''•"'°°' ~""^ ' inspiring ?hem to 
 
 after chonl^ T'"".."^ ""^ ™"^Se. or to pursue 
 
 after-school courses of reading and study at home 
 
 So general a scheme of education must increase the 
 refining and ennobling influence of home life, promoting 
 
i 1 
 
 i I 
 
 
 8 
 
 TN£ CHAUl'AUQl/A MOVEMENT. 
 
 self-control and dignity of deportment, mutual respect 
 and affection, a laudable family pride, and true social 
 ambition ; giving the whole house an air of refinement ; 
 touching with artistic skill floors, walls, and windows ; 
 finding the right place and the right light for the right 
 picture ; putting the right book on shelf and table ; fur- 
 nishing a wider range of topics for home conversation ; 
 crowding out frivolity and gossip ; removing sources of 
 unrest and discontent at home ; making evenings there 
 more agreeable than life on the street ; creating a real 
 independence of the outside world, and making one's 
 own house the centre of the whole world of science, 
 literature, art, and society. Windows open out through 
 every wall • and beyond vines, trees, and garden, the 
 inmates see the old world of history, the new world of 
 science, the rich world of literature, the royal world 
 of art. And through skylights they look up and see the 
 world of God, — his love and holiness, and the boundless 
 life to which he invites us. And thus they all in that 
 household learn, that, seen aright, all realms of knowl- 
 edge, both past and present, are flooded with the light 
 of God. 
 
 Popular education through the Chautauqua scheme in- 
 creases the value of the pulpit by putting more knowl- 
 edge, thoughtfulness, and appreciation into the pew, and 
 encouraging the preacher to give his best thought m his 
 best way. 
 
 It must put more good sense into popular religious 
 utterances, so that the talk of the prayer-meeting will 
 be sobered by wisdom and directed by tact, thus gain- 
 ing in its influence over cultivated people, and especially 
 over the young people of high-school and lecture-hall. 
 
NT. 
 
 utual respect 
 d true social 
 f refinement ; 
 nd windows ; 
 for the right 
 id table ; fur- 
 :onversation ; 
 ig sources of 
 ^enings there 
 eating a real 
 naking one's 
 1 of science, 
 I out through 
 
 garden, the 
 new world of 
 
 royal world 
 D and see the 
 he boundless 
 y all in that 
 ns of knowl- 
 ith the light 
 
 la scheme in- 
 more knowl- 
 the pew, and 
 lought m his 
 
 alar religious 
 •meeting will 
 t, thus gain- 
 nd especially 
 lecture-hall. 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT q 
 
 It must enable everybody more accurately to measure 
 the worth and the limitations of science, and must cause 
 them to fear far less the dogmatism of pseudo-scientists 
 concernmg religious facts and doctrines. 
 
 Such popular education must increase the power of 
 the people in politics, augmenting the independent vote 
 which makes party leaders cautious where lack of con- 
 science would make them careless concerning truth and 
 honesty. 
 
 It must tend to a better understanding between the 
 classes of society, causing the poor to honor wealth won 
 by honest ways of work, by skill and economy; to de- 
 spise wealth and winners of wealth, when greed and 
 trickery gather the gold ; to honor knowledge and a 
 taste for knowledge, whether it be found clad in fine 
 Imen or in linsey-woolsey ; to hate with resolute and 
 righteous hatred all sham and shoddy, all arrogance and 
 pretentiousness ; to avoid struggles between capital and 
 labor, and to promote, in all possible ways, the glori- 
 ous brotherhood of honesty, sympathy and culture, -a 
 culture that addresses itself to all sides of a man's 
 nature. 
 
 Under the auspices of this great Chautauqua "every- 
 day college," you may imagine the soliloquy of a woman 
 more than forty-five years of age. She says, — 
 
 "I am busy with many duties, - household cares or 
 shop work. I have something to do all the time 
 There seems no end to calls, toils, worry, and weariness, 
 done ^ ^^''^' ""' ^^''^°'^' sc"^ething is to be 
 
 "I am old -that is, older than I once was. Don't 
 let us talk about that. Gray hairs? No, you cannot 
 
lO 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 A I 
 
 i i 
 
 \ \ 
 
 W \ 
 
 find any gray hairs in my head — or, can you ? Never 
 mind. The heart's young, and it's nobody's business 
 how old the bones are. 
 
 " I am going to college ! Never mind about thirty 
 years, or fifty, or seventy : I am going to college. Har- 
 vard.? No, nor Yale, nor Boston, nor Middletown, nor 
 Evanston, nor Wellesley. I don't want to mix with a 
 lot of reckless boys, or ambitious girls, just now. I 
 have enough of them at home or in the neighborhood. 
 I am going to college, my own college, in my own house, 
 taking my own time ; turning the years into a college 
 term ; turning my kitchen, sitting-room, and parlor into 
 college-halls, recitation-rooms, and laboratory. What a 
 campus \ have! green fields and forests, streams and 
 mountain ranges, stretching out to the sunset. What a 
 dome surmounts my college ! vast space, blue back- 
 ground, billowy clouds, resplendent stars ! What pro- 
 fessors I have, in books ! immortal books of history and 
 science and art, books of poetry, fiction, and fact. 
 
 "In my, college are enrolled the names of glorious 
 men and women who never enjoyed any other college, 
 — Shakspere, Benjamin Franklin, Washington Irving, 
 John G. Whittier, Horace Greeley, Abraham Lincoln, 
 and hosts of others who went to their own college, and 
 wrought out their own education, as I will do in * my 
 college.' I can never be what they were ; but I can 
 be something, and can make the world better, and 
 children happier, and life nobler, because of the feeble 
 efforts 1 put fonh to get a better education. 
 
 " I am going to college ! I want to improve all my 
 talents. I have intellect. I intend to develop and 
 enrich it. I must know more. I must love to knov^ 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT 
 
 II 
 
 I must know more, for the sake of larger influence over 
 others for their good, — children, servants, neighbors, 
 church associates. God has given me at least one 
 talent. I ought to improve it. I will improve it. 
 
 " I am going to college ! I am a ' child of a King,' 
 and have a right to my inheritance. 'All things are 
 yours.' Well, I want to take up my property in stars 
 and flowers, and in the knowledge men have gathered 
 about my royal Father's kingdom. Astronomers, bring 
 me what you have discovered in the outlying domains 
 of my Father's universe ! Geologists, tell me the story 
 you have learned from the rocky pages of the earth, 
 concerning the beginnings and the development of the 
 planet I live on. Thus I intend to lay hold of all 
 the treasure-seekers and teachers and high priests of 
 nature and literature and art, and bid them bring 
 the truth they hold, my Father's truth, my truth, and 
 place the goodly inheritance at my feet. ' Whatsoever 
 things are true, . . . think on these things.' I am 
 going ■ to college ! 
 
 " ' Where am I going > ' I shall stay at home, and 
 construct a college there. My house -small, poorly 
 turnished (never mind) — is my college centre. My 
 neighbors, the richest of them and the poorest, the 
 most humble and ignorant, and the most scholarly 
 shall be my professors. I will ask questions about 
 every thing, and of everybody, till I find out what I 
 want to know. Some of the stupidest people can tell 
 me something, and when I draw them out I do them 
 good. Getting, I can give. 
 
 "And don't talk to me about age. Let the poet 
 answer your raven cry : --= 
 
h 
 
 
 13 r//E CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 • But why, you ask me, shall this tale be told 
 To men grown old or who are growing old ? ^ 
 
 It is too late ! Ah ! nothing is too late 
 
 . Till the tired heart shall cease to palpitate. 
 
 I Cato learned Greek at eighty ; Sophocles 
 Wrote his grand " CEdipus," and Simonides 
 Bore off the prize of verse from his compeers, 
 When each had numbered more than fourscore years ; 
 And Theophrastus at fourscore and ten 
 Had but begun his " Characters of Men ; " 
 Chaucer, at Woodstock with the nightingales, 
 At sixty wrote the «♦ Canterbury Tales ; " 
 Goethe at Weimar, toiling to the last. 
 Completed " l^aust " when eighty years were past. 
 These are, indeed, excepfi ns ; but they show 
 How far the gulf-stream ; ur youth may flow 
 Into the arctic regions of our lives, 
 When little else than life itself survives. " 
 Shall we, then, idly sit us down and say : — 
 The night hath come : it is no longer day? 
 The night hath not yet come : we are not quite 
 Cut off from labor by the failing light. 
 Something remains for us to do or dare ; * 
 
 Even the oldest tree some fruit may bear; 
 For age is opportunity no less 
 Than youth, though in another dress ; 
 And as the evening twilight fades away. 
 The sky is filled with stars invisible by day.' " 
 
 The entire Chautauqua movement is b..sod upon the 
 following propositions : — 
 
 I. The whole of life is a school, with educating agen- 
 cies and influences all the while at work, from the 
 earliest moment to the day of death. These agencies 
 and influences should be wisely and continuously ap- 
 plk 1 ^:v and in behalf of each individual, through life, 
 acccn H»g to circumstances, capacities, and conditions. 
 
 
 n ! 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 13 
 
 2. The true basis of education is religious. The fear 
 of the Lord is the b* ginning of wisdom, — the recogni- 
 tion of the Divine existence, and of his claims upon us 
 as moral beings ; the unity and brotherhood of the race, 
 with all that brotherhood involves ; harmony with the 
 Divine character as the ideal of life for time and eter- 
 nity ; and the pursuit and use of all science in personal 
 culture, the increase of reverent love for God, and of 
 affectionate self-sacrifice and labor for the well-being 
 of man. 
 
 3. All knowledge, religious or secular, is sacred to 
 him who reverently surrenders himself to God, that he 
 may become like God, according to the divinely ap- 
 pointed processes for building character. And he has 
 a right to all attainments and enjoyments in the realm 
 of knowledge, for the possession of which he has capacity 
 and opportunity. Science, travel, literature, the works 
 of art, the glories of nature, — all things are his who is 
 one with God. This law applies to the poor and lowly, 
 as well as to the rich and so-called "favored classes" 
 of society. It gives lofty ideals to lowly life, and 
 transforms humble homes into places of aspiration 
 and blessedness. 
 
 4. In mature life, "beyond the limits of the usual 
 school period, the intellect is at its best for purposes of 
 reading, reflection, and production. While the training 
 of the schools may discipline the juvenile mind, and 
 thus give it an advantage as its powers mature, the 
 discipline of every-day life, in solving problems of exist- 
 ence, support, and business, gives a certain advantage 
 to the so-called uneducated mind during the middle 
 period of life. Between the ages of twenty and eighty 
 
m 
 
 14 
 
 T//E CHAUTAUQ,UA MOVEMENT. 
 
 Hi 
 il! 
 
 f* I 
 
 lie a person s best intellectual and educational oppor- 
 tumties ; and he needs direction, encouragement, and 
 assistance, in order to use them most effectively 
 
 5. Early lack of culture, felt by full-grown people 
 begets a certain exaltation of its value and desirability 
 and a craving for its possession. This craving creates 
 intellectual susceptibility and receptivity, and renders 
 the more easy the acquisition of knowledge Mere 
 verbal memory may be less efficient in these adult 
 years; but the power of reasoning, and of utilizing 
 knowledge for practical results, is much greater than in 
 the early years. 
 
 6. The necessity for wise direction, assistance, and 
 encouragement; of this mature intellectual power and de- 
 sire IS as great as in the period of youth and of school 
 life Therefore grown people need courses of study 
 outlined, books for reading indicated, questions an- 
 swered, associations formed, and all the conditions 
 guaranteed which tend to promote hope, confidence, 
 ambition, and strong purpose. 
 
 7. Where a mature mind desires to use its energies 
 and opportunities to the maximum of its possibility 
 and to do thorough intellectual work of the most exact- 
 ing sort, the influence of the bfest teachers may be 
 brought to bear upon him by frequent correspondence 
 including questions, answers, praxes, theses, and final 
 written examinations of the most exhaustive and crucial 
 character. To such persistent purpose and faithful 
 effort, after rigid testing, there should come the testi- 
 monials and honors in diploma and degree, to which 
 any student anywhere else, or at any other period of 
 his life, would be entitled. 
 
 \\ 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 15 
 
 8. The advantage of mental attrition by personal 
 recitation and conversation is a large factor in the 
 schools. This advantage may be enjoyed by voluntary 
 associations, local circles, contact with resident scholars 
 occasional attendance upon special lectures, and class 
 recitations in local high-schools, seminaries and col- 
 leges, and at summer schools and assemblies. 
 
 These are some of the fundamental thoughts on 
 which the Chautauqua movement is based It is a 
 school for people out of school who can no longer attend 
 school. --a college for one's own home; and leads to 
 the dedication of every-day life to educational purposes. 
 The Chautauqi'q movement embraces: — 
 I. Work done at Chautauqua and similar assemblies 
 in lectures and by class instruction, for a few weeks 
 every summer. 
 
 2 Work done away from Chautauqua, in voluntary 
 reading through the year, which reading is under direc- 
 tion, and IS reported to headquarters at Plainfield N J 
 
 3. Work done away from Chautauqua during the 
 entire year, in study under faithful teachers, by corre- 
 spondence; such work being tested by final examinations 
 of a rigid character, and revvarded bv certificates, diplo- 
 mas, and the usual scholastic degrees. 
 
 How the movement began, and how it has grown to 
 Its present state of achievement and promise, from its 
 very beginning, it is the mission of the following chap- 
 ters to tell. ^ ^ 
 
m 
 
 hit 
 
 i6 
 
 T//£ CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 !'l 
 
 II f 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 " The groves were God^s first temples'' — W. C. Bryant. 
 
 THE Chautauqua Assembly opened as a Sunday- 
 school institute, — a two-weeks' session of lectures, 
 normal lessons, sermons, devotional meetings, confer- 
 ences, and illustrative exercises, with recreative features 
 in concerts, fireworks, and one or two humorous lec- 
 tures. It was called by some a "camp-meeting." But 
 a "camp-meeting " it was not, in any sense, except that 
 the most of us lived in tents. There were few sermons 
 preached, and no so-called " evangelistic " services held. 
 It was simply a Sunday-school institute, a protracted 
 institute held in the woods. We called it at the first 
 "The Chautauqua Sunday-school Assembly." 
 
 There had been before the Assembly a camp-meeting 
 at "Fair Point," the old name of the present "Chau- 
 tauqua." It was organized under a charter granted by 
 the Legislature ot the State of New York, in 1871. 
 There lies on my table, as I write, a copy of "The 
 Chautauqua Lake Journal, published for the Chautau- 
 qua Lake Camp-Meeting Association." No. i of Vol. I. 
 bears date "Fair Point, N.Y., July, 1873." The first 
 column is filled with an announcement of the " Fourth 
 Erie Conference Camp-Meeting of the Methodist-Epis- 
 copal Church/' to be held at " Fair Point, Chautauqua 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. ly 
 
 County, N.Y., commencing Tuesday, Aug. 12, and 
 closing Friday, Aug. 22, 1873." It was during the 
 session of the camp-meeting of 1873, that Mr. Miller 
 and the writer visited " Fair Point," and selected it as 
 the place for our "Assembly." And the Assembly 
 was totally unlike the camp-meeting. We did our best 
 to make it so. 
 
 The first programme was comprehensive, and thor- 
 oughly prepared. The lecturers and teachers were 
 widely known as men and women of superior ability 
 and large experience. Every thing centred in the Sun- 
 day school. Never were so many representative Sunday- 
 school people so long together, and so long at institute 
 or normal work in Sunday-school lines. Never had 
 Sunday-school work been more carefully canvassed, 
 or Its methods more fully or admirably illustrated' 
 Large classes were daily drilled in the one text-book 
 of the Sunday-school, the Holy Bible; and in the 
 mstitution itself, its relations to other departments 
 of church work, its organization and officers, and the 
 duties of teachers. The most radical questions per- 
 tammg to pedagogy were considered. Foundations were 
 laid. First principles were discussed by the leaders in 
 educational science. Plans of teaching were shown 
 m actual operation by most gifted instructors. Criti- 
 cism, favorable and adverse, was freely encouraged 
 The details of Sunday-school work at Chautauqua dur- 
 ing the first few years of its existence will be described 
 later on. It is enough for our present purpose, to ob- 
 serve that the basis of the Chautauqua work was in 
 the Ime of jiormal tyainbi^, with the purpose nf ifpp^ov- 
 tng methods of biblical instruction in the Sunday school 
 
illill 
 
 hii 
 
 I i 
 
 !! 1 
 
 iji! ' 
 
 i8 
 
 r//E CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 and the family. The opening words on the first even- 
 ing in 1874 were words from the Holy Bible. Thus 
 the first vocal utterance at Chautauqua was divine. 
 The mission of Chautauqua has been to "study the 
 Word ... of God." Later attention to His manifold 
 "works " in nature, in history, in mind, has diminished 
 neither the confidence of Chautauqua leaders in the 
 Word, nor their use of its sacred contents. They have 
 not taken less interest in the personal religious life. 
 Indeed, while true Chautauquans study the Word and 
 the works of God, so firm is their faith in the Spirit who 
 wrought the works and inspired the Word, and in the 
 spirit of man for whom the Word was inspired, that 
 they deem it not strange that God the Father should 
 "dwell in the midst of them," folding his own children 
 to his heart, and breathing of his own Spirit into their 
 spirits, enlightening, regenerating, comforting, witness- 
 ing. And as trust grows, and desire increases, this 
 access becomes less and less interrupted ; and they hope 
 one of these days, in all wisdom, to trust in God con- 
 tinually, and every day to feel his presence and rejoice 
 in his grace. They do, however, discriminate between 
 this Divine possession which captures and sways intel- 
 lect and will, weekdays and Sundays, in business and 
 in church life, steadily and effectively, — and the mere 
 spasms of resolution under pressure of occasion, the 
 selfish efforts over fancied personal security, the stud- 
 ied outward conformity to religious duties, according to 
 the ebb and flow of religious emotion. They believe 
 so firmly in the kingdom and patience of our Lord, that 
 obedience is worth more than comfort and faith, a firmer 
 foundation than sight or feeling. 
 
 ii 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. iq 
 
 Chautauqua opened as a school, a Bible school a 
 normal school, a Sunday-school institute in which the 
 highest standards were sought and the best teachers 
 employed. The work of that first year was every way 
 deserving of commendation ; and so far as its ideals 
 provisions, and methods are concerned, the first assem- 
 bly has not been excelled. 
 
 The success of Chautauqua must be especially grati- 
 fying to Levvis Miller, Esq. The Chautauqua Assem- 
 bly IS one of the fruits of his thoughtful, active, and 
 earnest life. He has always taken great interest in 
 eaucational matters. Circumstances changed his early 
 purposes from literary to mechanical lines, but he 
 never lost his interest in education, both in and out of 
 the Church. He was successful as a manufacturer, 
 tTat'o? "^T^ inventions; the one most prominent was 
 hat of ''The Buckeye Mower," which revolutionized 
 farm-machinery. This gave him, and those with whom 
 he was associated, great prominence. He earlv be- 
 came connected with educational institutions; in 1866 
 was made president of a college board of trustees; 
 in 1867 was appointed by the Governor of his State 
 a member of a Board to prepare and report to the 
 Legislature a scheme for a State school, to carry out 
 a Congressional enactment, and appropriate the funds 
 donated to the State for an educational institution 
 intended for the greater development of the me- 
 chanical and agricultural arts. Mr. Miller was also 
 a triend of the camp-meeting, but believed that the 
 institution could be improved by changing the evangel- 
 istic phase, to which was always given great promi- 
 nence, to one that should enlarge the outlook of the 
 
\n 1 1 
 
 30 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT 
 
 already consecrated church-member. He believed that 
 at the encampment advanced thought should be dis- 
 cussed, new methods of church-work developed by rep- 
 resentatives of the several denominations, and that the 
 various antagonizing schools of thought should be fairly 
 and thoroughly met. He believed in science and litera- 
 ture being brought to the support of Christianity. It 
 was therefore a privilege, and a rare opportunity, on 
 the part of the author of this volume, with such a man 
 of breadth, inventiveness, administrative and financial 
 ability, to go into the grove at Chautauqua, where our 
 combined and long-cherished educational, ecclesiastical, 
 and catholic schemes might be fully developed. Mr. 
 Miller's devotion to education, his inventive genius, 
 business capacity, and well-known liberality, promised 
 from the beginning large success to Chautauqua. 
 
 In "The Sunday-School Journal" for April, 1870, 
 Silas Farmer, Esq., of Detroit, Mich., writes as follows : 
 
 " Shall we not have them > Every one concedes 
 that camp-meetings have been a power for good in 
 the past history of the Church. The grand old forest 
 trees have often re-echoed the glad thanksgivings of 
 God's people, and many a weary soul has received 
 the gospel of 'rest,' while beneath the leafy arches 
 of 'God's temple.' On many camp-grounds for years 
 special services have been held for the children. 
 Why not have district and State gatherings for a 
 week at a time, especially for the teachers and chil- 
 dren with their parents } Our institute work is often 
 imperfectly done for want of time, and our children's 
 meetings accomplish but little of what they might if 
 
 I 1 
 
VT. 
 
 elieved that 
 uld be dis- 
 »ped by rep- 
 md that the 
 uld be fairly 
 e and litera- 
 Jtianity. It 
 )rtunity, on 
 such a man 
 nid financial 
 , where our 
 :clesiastical, 
 loped. Mr. 
 :ive genius, 
 r, promised 
 tauqua. 
 Vpril, 1870, 
 as follows : 
 
 e concedes 
 for good in 
 d old forest 
 sgivings of 
 Ls received 
 safy arches 
 Is for years 
 ; children, 
 ings for a 
 3 and chil- 
 rk is often 
 children's 
 ly might if 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 21 
 
 there was more of continuity of thought and purpose. 
 What great things might be done for the Master if 
 we 'gathered together the people, men, women, and 
 children,' and 'taught them the fear of the Lord,' 
 combining in one meeting the idea of a camp-meeting 
 and an institute, with talks on home religion, reli- 
 gious culture, children's work, methods of teaching, 
 and practical Bible lessons, interpersed with prayer 
 and experience meetings both for children and teach- 
 ers ! Surely, with such a meeting, seed-time, growth, 
 and fruit-gathering would come together. What state 
 or district will have the first 'camp-meeting insti- 
 tute'.?" 
 
 The scheme of Mr. Miller was a larger scheme than 
 that proposed by Mr. Farmer, although both embraced 
 the thought of utilizing the camp-meeting. 
 
 While the exercises of the first season (1874) were 
 devoted to the Sunday school, the wide range given to 
 the topics bearing upon this theme, and the varied talent 
 brought to the platform, furnished much that was inter- 
 esting to all classes of minds. There was no narrowness 
 in the first programme at Chautauqua. With God's 
 word as the text-book, there could be no limitation as 
 to topics. In our private conversations, Mr. Miller and 
 I had anticipated much that followed. In the original 
 suggestion of Mr. Miller concerning the improvement 
 of the camp-meeling by the presentation on the plat- 
 form of scientific as well as theological subjects, the 
 wide relations of biblical and Sunday-school work to 
 general culture were recognized ; and in the pleas which 
 the writer had made for so many years for the increase 
 
22 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 of "week-day power " in connection with Sunday-school 
 work, one may easily discover the germs from which 
 developed in process of time the varied departments of 
 Chautauqua. The programme of 1885 would have been 
 impossible in 1874; but with the programme of 1874, 
 the programme of 1885 was a necessity. 
 
 Chautauqua began on a broad and catholic basis It 
 was of necessity Methodist Episcopal in origin, because 
 the suggestion of a protracted normal institute came 
 from a Methodist-Episcopal Sunday-school worker who 
 occupied a responsible official position in that church, 
 and because also Methodist-Episcopal people have been 
 especially active in camp-meeting work ; although it is 
 claimed that the Presbyterians had at least as much to 
 do with the origin of this out-door movement in Amer- 
 ica as did the Methodists. It is said that the " first 
 camp-meeting in the United States was held in 1799 on 
 the banks of Red River in Kentucky. Two brothers 
 by the name of M'Gee, one a Presbyterian and one a 
 Methodist, being on a religious tour from Tennessee, 
 where the former was settled, to a place called ' The 
 Barrens,' near Ohio, stopped at a settlement on the 
 river to attend a sacramental occasion with the Rev 
 Mr. M'Greedy, a Presbyterian." A marvellous mani- 
 festation of religious energy was the result. The meet- 
 ings continued for several days. The church was so 
 crowded that it became necessary to erect an altar 
 in the forest. "This gave a new impulse to public 
 interest ; and many came from every direction, with 
 provisions and other necessaries for encampment, and 
 remained for several days, dwelling in tents. It was a 
 wonderful occasion. Sectarian divisions seem to have 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA AfOVEMENT. 2\ 
 
 been forgotten ,n the general concern for the prevalence 
 of spiritual religion. The services were conducted by 
 Presbyterians, Baptists, and Methodists. The result 
 was unparalleled. Another meeting of the kind was 
 helcl on Muddy River, and still another on what was 
 called 'The Reach/ both of which were attended by im- 
 mense throngs." Presbyterians and Methodists united 
 in the conduct of these meetings. "Because of this 
 union of sects in their support, they were called 'gen- 
 era camp-meetings.' It is said that the roads leading 
 to the groves where they were held were literally 
 crowded, and that entire neighborhoods were forsaken 
 of their inhabitants. A Presbyterian minister calcu- 
 lated that there were at least twenty thousand persons 
 present at one time at a meeting held in Kentucky " 
 Thus It appears that they had at least the denomina- 
 tional unity and the enthusiasm of Chautauqua, in 1790 
 The Chautauqua Sunday-school Assembly proposed, 
 as has already been indicated, was formally instituted 
 by Che board of managers of the Sunday-school Union 
 of the Methodist-Episcopal Church at their regular 
 ng in October, 1873, when the following resolution 
 lopttd : ''Resolved, That we approve the project 
 c ..unday-school teachers' assembly in Auo-ust 1874 
 on the Chautauqua Lake camp-ground, and that we 
 refer the whole matter, with full power to order and 
 arrange, to the committee of this board in charge of 
 he normal department." This action was in response 
 to a request from the executive committee of the Chau- 
 tauqua Lake Camp-ground Association 
 
 Immediately after the adjournment of the board in 
 October, a meeting of the normal committee was held 
 
24 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT 
 
 1 1 
 
 It consisted of J. H. Vincent, superintendent of instruc- 
 tion, Rev. H. M. Simpson, secretary, Rev. J. C. Thomas, 
 J. Bentley, and A. G. Newman. This was Oct. 22, 1873. 
 All the members were present. The design of the 
 proposed assembly was stated by the superintendent, 
 substantially as follows : To hold a prolonged institute, 
 or normal class, occupying from ten to fifteen days, fof 
 the completion of the course of normal study prescribed 
 by the department (see Hand-book, i8;2, pp. 48-53) ; to 
 secure the presence of as many pastors, superintend- 
 ents, and other officers and teachers, as possible, that a 
 new and general interest may be awakened throughout 
 the Church on the subject of normal training for Sun- 
 day-school workers ; to command as far as practicable 
 the best talent in the country to assist in the conduct 
 of this assembly; to utilize the general demand for sum- 
 mer rest by uniting daily study with healthful recrea- 
 tion, and thus render the occasion one of pleasure and 
 instruction combined. The name " The Sunday-school 
 Teachers' Assembly " was adopted. Lewis Miller, Esq., 
 of Akron, O., was elected president, Rev. Dr. J. H. 
 Vincent superintendent of instruction. Rev. Henry M. 
 Simpson secretary. The committee issued an an- 
 nouncement urging all pastors and superintendents to 
 organize normal classes at once in their several churches, 
 that before Aug. i, 1874, there might be a large number 
 of teachers ready to begin with the second or junior 
 course of normal study. The committee at the same 
 meeting passed the following resolution : " Whereas 
 this course of study is in substantial agreement with 
 that adopted by the normal departments of the Bap- 
 tist, Presbyterian, and American Sunday-school Union 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 25 
 
 boards, and as the leading workers in these and other 
 branches of the Christian Church will be at the assem- 
 bly to assist by their experience and counsels, and as it 
 is our purpose to make the occasion one of the largest 
 catholicity, the committee cordially invite workers of 
 all denominations to attend, and to participate in the 
 services of the assembly." 
 
 It will thus be seen that the Chautauqua movement 
 began, as of necessity it must have done, with the 
 Methodist-Episcopal Church ; and that at the very out- 
 set the denominational lines were almost entirely oblit- 
 erated, people of all the churches invited to participate 
 and a course of study selected which had already been 
 virtually agreed upon by the several churches. Later 
 on, with the local incorporation of the Chautauqua Sun- 
 day-school Assembly, the unfolding of the various de- 
 partments of the Chautauqua work, the identification 
 with the movement of representative men from all 
 branches of the Church, it became necessary to lift the 
 entire institution to a pan-denominational and catholic 
 platform. 
 
 People coming to Chautauqua are not expected to 
 abandon their church relations. They come, without 
 compromising conviction, to join in a broad movement 
 for the increase of power in -every branch of the Church 
 and throughout our American society. True denomina- 
 tionahsm is catholic, and he who loves his own wisely 
 is likely to love others generously. At Chautauqua all 
 churches have opportunity to meet in their several cen- 
 tres for prayer and conference Every Wednesday even- 
 ing at seven o'clock, prayer-meetings are held by the 
 several denominations in their respective headquarters • 
 
20 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEyfEXT, 
 
 Baptist, Congregational, Disciples, Lutheran, Methodist- 
 Episcopal, Presbyterian, United Brethren, United Pres- 
 byterian, Protestant Episcopal, Reformed Episcopal, 
 Cumberland Presbyterian, and many others. On one 
 day every season, a denominational congress is held, to 
 discuss some phase of the question, " How can we make 
 Chautauqua helpful to our branch of the Church?" 
 The utmost good feeling has always prevailed. There 
 have never been manifested uncomfortable rivalries. 
 Men of the several denominations have appeared on 
 the platform, giving the people of each church a chance 
 to hear and enjoy the talent of their sister churches ; 
 thus creating a sense of mutual obligation for benefits 
 received, and increasing, also, the appreciation by each 
 church of the ability, scholarship, and power of the 
 other churches. Mutual respect has thus been pro- 
 moted, and co-operation of the most radical and effec- 
 tive kind secured. 
 
 The highest form of catholicity is that in which 
 points of divergence are brought before the several 
 schools of thought, without diminishing the feeling of 
 Christian affection. On- one morning, in the Hall of 
 Philosophy at Chautauqua, Dr. Daniel Curry of the 
 Methodist-Episcopal Church discussed the Arminian 
 theology. On the next morning, Dr. Archibald Alex- 
 ander Hodge of the Presbyterian Church considered 
 the Augustinian theology. The kindest feeling pre- 
 vailed. Every man saw how his brother could fortify 
 himself with arguments in the maintenance of his view 
 of church creed and usage. 
 
 On one occasion, in the temple on the hill, a meeting 
 of Baptists, Congregationalists, Methodists, and Pres- 
 
 i 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMEXT. 
 
 a; 
 
 byterians was held, twenty minutes each being given to 
 representatives of the four denominations for the state- 
 ment in a positive way of the doctrines and usages 
 of their respective churches. The Rev. Mr. Seymour 
 of Boston, Baptist; the Rev. Mr. Williston, then of 
 Jamestown, N.Y., Congrcgationalist ; the Rev. Dr Hat- 
 field of Chicago, 111., Methodist-Episcopal ; and the Rev 
 J. A. Worden, then of Steubenville, O., Presbyterian, 
 — occupied altogether one hour and twenty minutes 
 Each man gave, in a plain, straightforward way, a state- 
 ment of the views of his own church, with no allusion 
 whatever to other interpretations or forms of faith. 
 The utmost attention was given by all. The best of 
 good feeling prevailed. At the close of the last address, 
 the entire audience arose, and joined in singing, — 
 
 " Blest be the tie that binds 
 
 Our hearts in Christian love." 
 
 This occasion was thoroughly characteristic of Chau- 
 tauqua. 
 
28 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVE ME AT. 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 " O mother Ida, many-fonntained Ida." — Tennvson. 
 
 pROM the seed sown in Chautauqua soil in 1874, 
 A there has come up a remarkable growth It has 
 been a surprise to its friends. Out of one we have many. 
 The little one has become a thousand. Yet the herb 
 has yielded seed after his kind, and the tree yielded 
 fruit whose seed was in itself. The numerous and vari- 
 ous features of the present Chautauqua work are natural 
 outgrowths of the original basal ideas, - biblical study 
 Sunday-school normal work, and the necessity of utiliz- 
 mg and regulating in the interest of true living the 
 "week-day power." What we have must of necessity 
 have come from what we had. 
 
 Sunday-school workers could not content themselves 
 year after year, with the discussion of the same old 
 practical questions of organization, admmistration, and 
 method ; questions of accumulation, classification, and 
 communication ; questions about infant-classes, teachers 
 and superintendents. The theory of Sunday-school work 
 IS very simple ; and its methods are to be mastered by 
 practice at home, not by reiterations in professional 
 meetings. People who are enterprising and energetic 
 enough to do effective work in the sphere of religious 
 
 l.<: 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 29 
 
 teaching are limited and belittled by mere routine. 
 They detest ruts. They want radical ideas, and new 
 adaptations of them to every-day service. But the 
 compass of pedagogical and governmental philosophy as 
 applied to the Sunday schools is not wide ; and thought- 
 ful, earnest souls loathe husks and platitudes and repe- 
 titions. Therefore the subsequent programmes of our 
 Assembly must differ from the first, or there must be 
 such modifications and enlargements of the old pro- 
 gramme as to make its scope broader and its contents 
 more attractive. 
 
 The Bible indeed never grows old. Nor can Bible- 
 study prove a weariness to spiritual and enthusiastic 
 souls. Its pages throb with life, and shine with beauty ; 
 ever old, ever new, never dull. One never exhausts any 
 of its most familiar passages. The oldest and the com- 
 monest text may flash out some new beauty while one 
 puts his devout thought upon it. Chautauqua exalts 
 the Bible. It may not trouble itself about the modus, 
 the quantum, and the qualitas of inspiration. It simply 
 takes the book in its entirety, as the book given to be 
 studied, trusted, loved, and obeyed, as individual con- 
 science and judgment respond to its contents after 
 calm, devout, and diligent study of them ; and not to 
 be quarrelled over, or quibbled about, or forced to sus- 
 tain preconceived or pre-accepted notions by a string 
 of separated texts, on the cord of a curious fancy or an 
 antiquated dogma. Chautauqua believes in the Bible 
 as the revealed word of God. It therefore puts book 
 and soul together, and trusts both thoroughly for fair 
 treatment. It encourages Bible study. 
 
 But it is possible to insist upon too man}' hours of 
 
 \ 
 
30 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 1,1 
 
 Bible study each day. Even a good thine mav h, 
 earned to excess. Busy brains need varie'; of "Z2l 
 tion. There ,s „,crease of power in recreation T^L 
 sense i., a good balance-wheel for reli^^Js .eal ""^ 
 
 People who for summer rest settled for the season 
 m the grove by the lake, could not all be interested i" 
 
 s trouttrr t' ----i^^r,::?;^ 
 =£SSt^™-^^^ 
 
 which ro,„» 7 ■ ^ 1"":kenmg and awakening 
 
 which come from great ideas. To brin- them un tf 
 an apprecation of our hp«t ,„» . ■ P ° 
 
 would be to tLm r • u ' """ Sive them what 
 oma oe to them their best, and, without catprm„ ►„ 
 weakness or wron<v ^ndnan, • , '='"^""8 '» 
 
 idea, hv „,,!. Ar ^'^'"'"^"y improve their tastes and 
 o her^ T "^ Chautauqua a place of rest and delight 
 
 very "ason to'th:'' " '""f ' '^"^ °^ *°--d» 
 sembly "°"' °^ '■'^ Chautauqua As- 
 
 demand! '^'^ ITct^'T^ """'^ •^^^'^ "^ '^ese popular 
 aemands in the Chautauqua work. The prooer sf„Hv 
 
 the Divine Woko leads to and requ re'st'he more 
 careful study of the Divine works. The Author of the 
 
 thT a;; *'He T "' "' ""'""^' ^'"' '"^ '^"'- ' 
 tne race. He who examines the writing will turn with 
 
 new interest to the wonderful facts andiws wMch " re 
 
 e forth in the vast fields of science and history He 
 
 will discover a kinship and sweet harmony where he 
 
 fancied division and antagonism. The word " secular • 
 
 gains new significance. It loses its hard, metall c rW 
 
 It begins, hke Aaron's rod, to blossom with sp r al 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOl'EMEMT 31 
 
 beauty. Things secular are under God's governance, 
 and are full of divine meanings. If God created all 
 things, if he governs all things, if the channels of his- 
 tory^ have been furrowed out by his own hand, if the 
 beating life of the physical universe is from Him who 
 is Life before life, Life of all life, then nothing is secular 
 in any such sense as to make it foreign or unattractive 
 to the saints of God. If " the heavens declare the glory 
 of God," he who knows most of the stellar spaces may 
 know most of the glory of God as set forth in the 
 heavens. He may as a scientist "consider the lilies," 
 and note the "fall of a sparrow," and "go to the ant ;'" 
 and, other things being equal, learn more of the wisdom 
 and care and ethical standards of his heavenly Father 
 than he can who looks casually upon disconnected phe- 
 nomena of the material world. To Chautauquans, there- 
 fore, all things hold a measure of God's infinite wisdom. 
 All things are precious ; for in all things one may find 
 traces of his grace. All things are sublime ; for all 
 things are connected with a glorious unity, which fills 
 heaven and earth, eternity past and eternity to come. 
 Flowers, fossils, microscopic dust, foul soil, things that 
 crawl and things that soar, ooze from the sea-depths, 
 lofty heights that salute the stars, — all are divine in 
 origin and nature. 
 
 Nor were the benefits of this new combination expe- 
 rienced wholly by one class. Secular teachers found 
 great advantage in this introduction to the atmosphere 
 of Chautauqua, and to fellowship with Sunday-school 
 workers. For, while the former gave to Sunday-school 
 people better instruction in the philosophy and plans 
 of teaching, they themselves received a large measure 
 
 
32 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT 
 
 of healthful influence from these more sympathetic, 
 evangelical, practical, and humanitarian church people. 
 They gave ideas, and received impulses. There was a 
 mutual interchange of light and heat. And both were 
 blessed. 
 
 Thus the normal work as applied to the work of all 
 schools, especially to that first and best school,— the 
 family, — became the distinguishing feature of Chautau- 
 qua. It began as a Sunday-school normal institute. It 
 became a universal normal institute, and has been a 
 guide and an inspiration to teachers of all grades, in 
 Sunday school, grammar school, high school, college, and 
 pulpit. 
 
 Beyond the specific normal plan there came into 
 existence — it was a necessity — other and broader 
 departments of Chautauqua work. The Sunday-school 
 teacher needed a measure of secular knowledge in order 
 to his greatest efficiency as a teacher of sr :red things. 
 When one has a devout spirit, the more he knows of 
 the works of God in nature and in providence, the larger 
 and fuller must be his conceptions of truth in revelation, 
 and the more ample his resources. Our Sunday-school 
 scholars come to us from a world full of knowledge of 
 this kind, and rife with the spirit of inquiry and research. 
 They live in that world seven days a week. The Sun- 
 day-school teacher ought himself to be familiar with 
 it, that he may understand the difficulties which his 
 scholars encounter, the objections to Christianity which 
 they hear, the social, aesthetic, and literary allurements, 
 good and evil, by which they are helped or hindered 
 between Sundays ; and that he may pre-occupy them 
 with right ambitions, legitimate social and intellectual 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT 
 
 33 
 
 pathetic, 
 1 people. 
 ;re was a 
 oth were 
 
 rk of all 
 3l, — the 
 Dhautau- 
 :ute. It 
 been a 
 ades, in 
 ege, and 
 
 me into 
 broader 
 y-school 
 in order 
 things, 
 nows of 
 e larger 
 ■elation, 
 ^-school 
 edge of 
 isearch. 
 le Sun- 
 \x with 
 ich his 
 r which 
 jments, 
 indered 
 y them 
 ilectual 
 
 pursuits, and thus make the activities of the world a 
 help in the kingdom of Jesus Christ. 
 
 There is this additional advantage in familiarity with 
 general knowledge, that the religious teacher is thereby 
 furnished with illustrations by which he may set forth 
 the mysteries of the spiritual kingdom. There is a 
 marvellous harmony between the two realms. The God 
 of the one is the God of the other. He is in both. 
 Both are of him. He said, " Let there be light." The 
 sun to this day obeys him. He caused other light to 
 shine out of darkness, and in the spiritual heavens is 
 the "Sun of righteousness." Blessed are they who 
 "walk in the light." Thus the world is full of harmo- 
 nies ; whether analogies merely, or " correspondences " 
 according to the thought of Swedenborg, or "unities" 
 as claimed by Professor Drummond. Jesus in his day 
 filled his talk with these resemblances. Would he not 
 do the same were he to live to-day, in this age of steam 
 and telescope, of telegraph and electric light } Well 
 for the Sunday-school teacher if he can employ even to 
 a moderate de^^ree the marvellous and exquisite illustra- 
 tions which are furnished in our times through the new 
 unfoldings of science and the discoveries of travel ! He 
 should be able to make use of the material supplied by 
 history, by literature, by art, by science, and thus apply 
 lessons of spiritual truth with freshness, variety, wisdom, 
 and effectiveness. 
 
 I have spoken of the manner in which the biblical 
 and Sunday-school normal work of the beginning ex- 
 panded imo work in behalf of the people who could not 
 be drawn or held by merely Sunday-school studies ; into 
 work in which science was exalted ; into work by which 
 
 i 
 
34 
 
 THE CHA UTA L Y? I 'A MO VEMENT. 
 
 day-school and Sunday-school teachers might give mu- 
 tual help ; into work by which the Sunday-school teacher 
 might enter into fullest sympathy with his most cultivated 
 pupils, who are most familiar with the busy and brainy 
 world, and be able to employ, in teaching them spiritual 
 things, the rich resources of the literary and scientific 
 world which are to-day so e:..-' 'cessible. 
 
 Chautauqua took one farthe. otep. If general edu- 
 cation be a good thing for Sunday-school and other 
 teachers ; if acquaintance with the every-day world, 
 and ability to grapple its forces in the interests of our 
 youth, — to ward off evil influences, and to use the 
 good, — be so desirable on the part of those who teach 
 in the schools one hour on Sunday, or five hours a day 
 for five days in the week : how much more important 
 is it that we reach with such helpful grace the homes 
 in which children live for seven days a week, and 
 the parents whose blood, opinions, personal authority, 
 and unconscious influence mould character, fix creeds, 
 and determine all the radical movements of early life ! 
 It is an excellent thing to inspire and direct the godly 
 teacher who puts his power into one hour a week, and 
 the other teachers who bring their influence to bear 
 upon youth for twenty or twenty-five hours a v/eek ; but 
 why is it not a much more excellent thing to take a 
 firm hold, in wise way of grasping, upon the homes and 
 parents who settle all the radical questions of life and 
 character by a positive, a never-ceasing exercise of 
 power, — power of every kind, — for one hundred and 
 sixty-eight hours a week, and that from the moment of 
 conception to the years of manhood and womanhood ? 
 Why shall we not put salt of healing into the springs 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVBIMENT. 
 
 35 
 
 give mu- 
 )1 teacher 
 ultivated 
 id brainy 
 spiritual 
 scientific 
 
 3ral edu- 
 id other 
 y world, 
 ts of our 
 use the 
 ho teach 
 irs a day 
 nportant 
 e homes 
 ;ek, and 
 Lithority, 
 c creeds, 
 irly life ! 
 le godly 
 eek, and 
 to bear 
 ek ; but 
 take a 
 mes and 
 life and 
 rcise of 
 red and 
 ment of 
 mhood ? 
 springs 
 
 of Jericho ? Why shall we not capture the citadel itself, 
 and establish a reign of religion and culture and love 
 and common-sense in the homes of the land? These 
 questions came to Chautauqua. They must come. Such 
 radical work as she attempted could not stop short of 
 the most radical theories and agencies. And Chautau- 
 qua made answer to the questions to which her initial 
 work gave birth. The light she had started at the altar 
 of the Sunday school, she took finally with bold hand, 
 and lighted every one of the seven lamps on the golden 
 candlestick in that "holy place," — the Home. The 
 family circle was made a school. Books were brought 
 in, pictures were hung up, telescope and microscope 
 were adjusted, the Bible was opened, the fires of devo- 
 tion on the home altar kindled, and full-grown people 
 were set at work reading, talking, teaching. New ideals 
 were conceived, new tastes formed, new social regula- 
 tions enacted, new ambitions for the middle-aged and 
 the old awakened, and home was made an accessory 
 and helper to school and church. From the five or six 
 hundred elect students of 1874 who crowded the normal 
 tent at Chautauqua for two weeks, we have come to the 
 more than one hundred thousand readers, who for fifty- 
 two weeks in the year turn the pages of useful books, 
 sing songs of college fellowship, think in a larger world, 
 and worship more intelligently the Creator and Father 
 of the race. These are not at Chautauqua ; but have 
 made Chautauqua centres in their own homes, in all 
 parts of the United States, in Canada, in England, in 
 Russia, in India, in China, in Japan, in South Africa, 
 and in the islands of the Pacific. From such small 
 beginnings we trace such splendid expansions. 
 
3<5 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 Children at Chautauqua have found a paradise, and 
 amidst their pleasures they have learned useful lessons 
 which are sure to help them everywhere else and always. 
 Chautauqua is a veritable kindergarten. 
 
 When from this great army of readers and students 
 gathered by Chautauqua, there come a few, who, unable 
 to attend the established college, covet the highest 
 scholastic and professional training, with rigid examina- 
 tions, deserved promotions, and fairly-won diplomas 
 and degrees, Chautauqua stands ready to receive and 
 recognize them, to give guidance at every stage of the 
 educational nrocess, and to reward fidelity and ability 
 with all legitimate college and university honors. Char- 
 tered by the State of New York, Chautauqua has full 
 right to foster learning by the instructions and recogni- 
 tions of the full-orbed university. 
 
 Such is the simple story of the development of 
 Chautauqua, by which it has become other than it was 
 at the beginning. From the movement in 1874 have 
 sprung the various organizations for the benefit of our 
 large constituency, — organizations for the education of 
 Sunday-school teachers, of secular teachers, of young 
 people in school and young people out of school, of 
 full-grown people who have heretofore cared too little 
 for any school, of college men and women who are in 
 danger of losing the impulse and benefit of the school 
 once enjoyed, and for the help of homes, communities, 
 secular schools, and churches. We have the great 
 banyan-tree with its bending boughs and forest of 
 trunks, all from the original stock ; and these, like the 
 banyan-tree, have taken root as individual and yet as 
 united institutions, separate rather in name than in 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 37 
 
 organization, — all under one administration, and yet 
 meeting the demands of widely differing tastes and 
 preferences. The list is formidable, but the depart- 
 ments do not conflict. The work is one. With its 
 wide reach of purpose, it was necessary that Chautau- 
 qua should project the lines of its intention in plans 
 and departments, that the world might see its magni- 
 tude, and that the full territory it proposes to occupy 
 might be pre-empted. Until this projection was made, 
 the Chautauqua idea was irrepressible. And now Chau- 
 tauqua with its variety of departments is not like a 
 mere pile of buildings, with additions, lean-tos. unrelated 
 edifices, and other after-thoughts, the results of un- 
 manageable ingenuity. It is a growth and development, 
 a provision according to the highest law, to meet the 
 necessities which called it into existence. In this 
 growth of twelve years, there have been no unnecessary 
 additions. To have omitted any of them, would have 
 made Chautauqua less than it is ; and to have made 
 Chautauqua less than it is, would have been a mistake 
 — almost a disaster. Because of the broad and varied 
 provisions now included in the Chautauqua movement, 
 it will be greater and stronger for all time to come. 
 Let us glance at the long list : — 
 "The Chautauqua Sunday-school Normal Depart- 
 ment " (now known as " The Assembly Normal Union "), 
 for the training of officers and teachers, the increase 
 of interest in Sunday-school teaching among the youth 
 of the present who are to be the teachers of the future, 
 and for the promotion of teacher-training by our 
 pastors. 
 
 "The Chautauqua Teachers' Retreat," for the bene- 
 
38 
 
 TIIK CHArrACQL'A ifOVEMEXT. 
 
 1* 
 
 I. 
 
 ! I. 
 
 fit of secular instructors, who, during a few weeks in 
 the summer, may be quickened into new enthusiasm in 
 their profession, and assisted in efforts for self-improve- 
 ment. 
 
 "The Chautauqua Teachers' Reading Union," which 
 provides a course of helpful reading and study for 
 secular teachers, — a course extending through several 
 years. 
 
 "The Chautauqua (Summer) Schools of Language," 
 (ancient and modern) for the illustration of method and 
 the discussion of principles in connection with linguis- 
 tic work. 
 
 "The Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Circle," 
 for the promotion of reading-habits among all classes 
 of people at their homes during the entire year. 
 
 "The Chautauqua Missionary Institute," for consulta- 
 tion by church people of all denominations, touching 
 home and foreign missionary work, — its importance 
 and demands. 
 
 "The Chautauqua College of Liberal Arts," for the 
 assistance of earnest non-resident students who are 
 ambitious to win college honors on merit, and to this 
 end desire to prosecute most thorough courses of study, 
 and to be subjected to most rigid examinations. 
 ^ "Tne Chautauqua School of Theology," for the direc- 
 tion of ministers, who, in connection with pastoral work, 
 wish to secure a training as complete as that given by 
 any other theological seminary. 
 
 "The Chautauqua Book-a-Month Reading Circle," 
 for those who wish to read in general literature under 
 wise direction. 
 
 "The Chautauqua Town and Country Club," for the 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 39 
 
 training of people, young and old, in the habits of ob- 
 serving and recording the phenomena of the physical 
 world, with a view to practical experience in agricuL e 
 and in the affairs of every-day life. 
 ^ "The Chautauqua Society of Fine Arts," for teach- 
 ing by correspondence and home practice the several 
 branches ot art. 
 
 "The Chautauqua Young Folks' Reading Union" 
 
 TJaTT""^ f ""^"^ ^'^""^ P^"P^^ ^he habit of reading 
 good books at home. ^ 
 
 "The Chautauqua Boys' and Girls' Class," held daily 
 at Chautauqua during the Assembly, for training the 
 t^:^ choose to attend, in Bible facts' and 
 
 "The Chautauqua Temperance Classmates." for giv- 
 ing lessons during the Assembly, in the philosophy and 
 ethics of the temperance reform. ^ 
 
 "The Chautauqua Society of Christian Ethics " 
 holding a Sunday-after aoon session at Chautauqua dur- 
 ing the season, for presenting to youth the ethical side 
 of Christian teaching. 
 
 Zl^^ Chautauqua Look-Up Legion," a branch of 
 the Harry Wadsworth Ten Times One Club 
 
 "The Chautauqua Cadets," a semi-military organiza- 
 tion for boys, designed to promote physical training. 
 
 The Chautauqua Calisthenics Corps," for the physi- 
 cal training of girls. 
 
 xlJ^l^^TTT ""'''"' '^'^'^'"S Circle," for the 
 of mufic ""^ °" "'^ '"'""■>' '""' P'>"°^°Pl'y 
 
 J'w^y Chautauqua Intermediate Class," for the study 
 of biblical themes by persons who do not care to take 
 
40 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA \fOVEMENT, 
 
 up the normal branch of the •' Assembly Normal 
 Union." 
 
 •'The Chautauqua American Church School of 
 Church Work," for the training of ministers and lay- 
 men in a broad and comprehensive system of practical 
 theology. 
 
 "The Chautauqua Press," which embraces all publi- 
 cations, periodical and permanent, issued under the 
 auspices of the Chautauqua University in any of its 
 departments. 
 
 These associations, with more or less compactness 
 of organization, enlist a variety of people. They are 
 under one general management, are wisely classified, 
 as will be seen later on, and are so adjusted as not at 
 all to clash with each other. Persons interested in any 
 one branch of study or effort find it more to their liking 
 to have a department under the auspices of which that 
 single branch may be taken up and pursued. Having 
 completed one, they find it pleasant to begin another, 
 and become in the transitions identified with successive 
 departments of the one great Chautauqua work. 
 
 The movement at Chautauqua soon brought into 
 existence similar assemblies. PYom Chautauqua came 
 other Chautauquas. These were in some cases new 
 meetings called from the beginning "Assemblies." In 
 other cases they were meetings of the Chautauqua 
 type, held on old camp-grounds before or after the regu- 
 lar annual camp-meeting, or taking one or more days 
 from the camp-meeting period for Chautauqua exercises. 
 
 The alphabetical list of these " other Ch.tutauquas " 
 is g'ven below, with the date of organization, or, at 
 least, of the recognition of the Chautauqua idea and 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. ., 
 
 Circle). ^'^'^'^' ('^'■^"'■■""l"» Literary and Scientific 
 "Acton-Park Assembly," i„ in,,ia„„, .^g 
 
 "Bay View," Pctosliey, Mich. 
 
 "Canby Camp.ground," at Canby, Ore., ,885 
 
 I.on^ B r"' ^^'^""^^^ °f Soutliern Ca ifornia " 
 Long Beach, near Los Angeles. Cal., , 884 ' 
 
 (C.S,"fS ^"^"'"^•■' ''"'^' ^^'- '-. '^^6 
 _^;'Florida Chautauqua," De Funiak Springs, Fla., 
 
 ''Imerlttf.T'^^uT"'''^'" Longlake, Mich., ,885 
 
 '■ slan:i P t f '"'''^' °""*''' Kan., . 880. ' 
 
 I^'and-Park Assembly," Rome City, Ind , i87q 
 
 Kan!r88^ "^"""''^'"^P-^Pa' Asselly," 'in,,, 
 
 "Key-East Assembly," Key East NT tS«, 
 ;;Lake.Bluff Assembly." Uk! Kulil'''^' 
 Lakeside Encampment," Lakeside, O., ,877 
 __ Lakeview Assembly," r,zenovia, N Y 
 
 Mahtomed, Assembly," Mahtomedi, Minn., ,883 
 ^^^Mame Chautauqua Assembly," Fr,ebu;g, l^e., 
 
 "Maplewood-Park Assembly," Waseca, Minn , ,88, 
 Monona-Lake Assembly." Madison. Wis., ,882 
 
42 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT 
 
 
 i 
 
 "Nebraska Sunday-school Assembly," Crete, Neb 
 1882. 
 
 "New -England Sunday-school Assembly," South 
 Framingham, Mass., 1880. 
 
 "North-western Chautauqua," Lake Minnetonka, 
 Minn., 1879. 
 
 "Ocean Grove," N.J.,*i885. 
 "Pacific Grove," Monterey, Cal, 1879. 
 " Piasa-Bluff s Assembly," Illinois, 1885. 
 "Pine-Tree C.L.S.C," Maranocook, Me., 1885. 
 "Point -Chautauqua Baptist Union," Point Chau, 
 tauqua, N.Y., 1878. 
 
 "Puget-Sound Assembly," Puget Sound, W.T., 1885. 
 "Round-Lake Assembly," Round Lake, N.Y., 1878. 
 "South-Africa Chautauqua Assembly," Cape Colony, 
 Africa, 1885. 
 
 "Sunday-school Parliament," Thousand Islands, N.Y. 
 
 "Tawawa Theological, Scientific, and Literary Asso- 
 ciation," Wilberforce, O., 1883. 
 
 "Texas Chautauqua," San Marcos, Tex., 1885. 
 
 "Washington Court-House Assembly," camp-ground 
 near Washington Court-House, O., 1885. 
 
 "Yosemite Assembly," in Yosemite Valley, Cal: 
 held only session in 1879. 
 
 The expansion of the Chautauqua work is not to be 
 fully estimated without taking into our thought the 
 wide reach of the C. L. S. C, the local circles and pri- 
 vate members of which report to the central office at 
 Plainfield, N.J., from the Dominion of Canada; from 
 the island of Japan, where there are a thousand mem- 
 bers ; from mission-stations in China, India, Bulgaria, 
 Syria, Mexico, and Central America ; from Persia, Rus= 
 
 \ 
 
 ij 
 
 •i 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 43 
 
 w.^h^lTirdf "^'"'' '~"^"''' ''^''^'' -" *« Sand- 
 Thus into all lands have the lines extended The 
 Chautauqua idea is emphatically "a touch ofNature 
 that makes the whole world kin.'' 
 
 
II 
 
 44 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 \. 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 TN the study of the •• Chautauqua Idea," as develonerf 
 1 m the mstitutions outlined in the last chapte 'T„h 
 to be more fully described in this and succeed^ chap 
 
 streno-th irrl T ^' ^''''"^ '^ ^ ^^^^ce to draw 
 
 strength from its external conditions, to " ultimate " 
 
 conceptions n action, to experiment with r w ma L 
 rial, to command the attentirn ann «i- -^ .i. 
 dation on which ^ood tM„ .u ' ""^ commen- 
 
 aim and energy toXvaret^v of %'"' '" ^<^^P' "^ 
 with Which it'^roposed to dill '""'' '"' ~"'^'"°- 
 
 feet above the sea CrJ f^ "^ '''"'■''^" ''""^^d 
 
^e habit of 
 '■ weariness 
 
 veloped 
 ter, and 
 ? chap- 
 :self, — 
 t as an 
 it must 
 It in a 
 whole- 
 odraw 
 mate " 
 mate- 
 nmen- 
 pt its 
 litions 
 
 lutiful 
 ce to 
 been 
 idred 
 >rests 
 large 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 45 
 
 twf hundrld veL L""""' ""', "'"'' ''"""« 'he past 
 .oved and t^^,^^^ ct^J^-^ 
 There are strange traditions lingering hS\^T I 
 «.e s„„„,oning of so.e genius ^ho fhal dL ftthTm 
 
 It is interesting to trace tlie clianges in the name 
 
 h?drrror.r:sr^"' ^"'^"-'-" ''- 
 
 ^r ..Chat.al':r" '"xldX:.'. ^"^:^^da7ot^: 
 que', unt'ta r •" " ^''^'-g'-q-." " Chaitau- 
 
 a.:;:h:'in-:r^riii".f-^^-i-- 
 
 though the word Chautauqua .a^^^ sig'n fy Ts' ZZ 
 assert "the foggy place." It is^he place "hLVu™" 
 r„:f o"Vsh ^•'%'"'-P-'-- °f soL. Thf abt. 
 
 Point, feaving tw^n^s ^ ^thTir aLf ."n 1 
 
 together" ? T ''^ '^^^''" "' "'"« ""^-^'"^ 'ied 
 
 C«ZLJ T' '.' '' ^°" "'"• Chautauqua is 
 CHAUTAUQUA, a place of clear light, of uplift, of abun- 
 

 46 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 since ' Art ''niir^l"""^"'"' ''^ "-^fi^ent ministries 
 waters Tr^Jf''!!''"*' F"'"'™ "^ *« ^'''^ »f these 
 wnn loiiage. The old trees stand like venerable riant, 
 w, h as much of hope as of memory in their hTat,' 
 and m their annual robe of verdure forget that for so 
 many years they have watched the coming and the 
 going of the seasons. Young trees that have grown a 
 do^en years older since the first Chautauqua sonTbToke 
 the silence are now stately and beautiful, ready to be 
 witnesses for a hundred years of the strange th'ngs to 
 be done here and of which we, who are lofking afout 
 for graves, only dream now. The lake - who sLftel 
 
 ™ when\r"r ^"' ^™^"^' ''^ '^"^ — 'S" 
 
 01 unrest when the fierce winds come down in nowt 
 
 give and forget ; its sweet answers to the toying breeze ■ 
 s splendor when the moon flings a robe of'sifve":; 
 
 as Chrlt'" I '""• "^''"S " ^ ™'^^-' --eio-es in 1 ' 
 (as Chrst in the true saints) because it faithfullv rl 
 fleets his own glorious image ' ^ 
 
 Obed Edson, Esq., of Chautauqua County, in an ex 
 c edmgly mteresting historical sketch of Chlutauqua 
 published m "The Continent" for Aue 22 rXS, 
 cords the following legend of Lake Chautfuqu; ^IJl 
 Indians once encamped upon its shore A 
 
 maiden of the party, hLinge^ten of at growtgCn 
 .ts banks which created great thirst, stooped to drink 
 the nanr"\"'"^" ''^ disappeared forever. Hence 
 the name signifying -the place of easy death,- or 'where 
 
THE CHAtrTAUQUA MOVE,\lENT. 47 
 
 one vanishes away.'" One might gi.e to this legend 
 
 the later Chautauqua would appear, -ministries under 
 the power of which, deep soul-thirst is excited and then 
 
 hTed 'r^' '"" '''' '^^"^'f' -l^-'h made "easy " 
 
 "rtt^'h»^ vamshtng away," and an entrance into the 
 rest that remaineth. 
 
 Art has not altogether been useless, although more 
 than once unw.se. Penuriousness has sometime! spdied 
 Imes and angles, and mixed bad colors; stupidity has 
 blundered mto sad combinations and contrasts: but on 
 the whole, Art has clasped hands with Nature anH 
 made the place Chautauqua a lovely and fiSt'abrr 
 nacle for the Chautauqua Idea. ^ 
 
 There is a Chautauqua within Chautauqua To see 
 h.s other Chautauqua, one must have eyes!- eyeT that 
 look ,nto the innermost things. He mus see beyond 
 groves and crowds, beyond lake and sky, beyond build 
 ngs and programmes. He must be able to see nece si 
 
 'ol! '?'■ '"' ^P'"'"''"' '" 'he individual and n 
 society, tendencies of thought, forces of conviction 
 pressures of desire and ambition, the conflict o new 
 and old civilizations in the personal life, as circum 
 stances brmg a man face to face with the new, while yet 
 from habit and feeling he is held half-slave by the oil 
 
 He who sees Chautauqua must understand the rela- 
 tions (not generally understood, and to which I have 
 already called attention) between gracious culture and 
 the rough, un^sthetic services which people must render 
 each other and their own lives in this world -erv-ces 
 of feeding and clothing and cleaning and housSg - 
 
48 
 
 fi f 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 aiuuio or a poet s frenzied mood." He mn«t fi«^ . 
 
 hat high and ,ow, noble and ignoble, a"e rXle em^ 
 
 that a kitchen mav for a tj«,« ^^^i-ivecerms, 
 
 hands dabble in ^.^, i:'Z^^,:: ^^t ct"^ 
 '^hoes tread rough floors. She may eVve her ^nf 
 and treasure the pittance they give her to buv b-t"?' 
 her brain life ; at leas, that portion of the p^ance'shl 
 does not need to fpprl fK« f^ \ P"tance she 
 
 upon her. Wen crow' "'"P'" "'■° ^^^"^^ 
 
 readjustment of reS: Zx T T' ' ""^^"""^ 
 little neighborhoodsr^ll^n't^r,^;,^^^^ 
 Chautauquans with eyes see the distinctions in .A 
 
 nea.herd.:C'..rfo:eleaotTr::dr'rb; T 
 b^clc may be a king. - boot-blaclc an^tg fotn 1" 
 once. Human eyes see only the black hands "natch^H 
 knees, and crouching form, that bespeak 'servilt 
 There are eyes that can see deeper and ferther W 
 >ng s8 much, they extend a hand of greetl! rtt 
 kmgs and saints converse. greeting. Then 
 
 Chautauquans believe in wealth when honesty win, 
 
 thropic motives direct it, ^^^^rent, and philan^ 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA AfOVEMENT. 49 
 
 Chautauquans are believers in a common brotherhood, 
 
 and hold" '.'-■""""i^t^-" They are open to truth 
 and hold an inhentance in all truth, and are subjec 
 
 ttCsr*™"'- «"-^^^ - not boastful /ree. 
 
 " Realms remote, mysterious, divine," 
 
 dogmatizing and denouncing. They believe in truth, 
 God, and humanity. They seek the ilrst, rejoice in the 
 .second, and serve the third. 
 
 These are some of the ideas which belong to the 
 Chautauqua movement, the thoughts within the things, 
 the heones of which phenomenal Chautauqua is a 
 visible expression. 100 
 
 There is a Chautauqua farther on. First, there is a 
 lake level; and just above it is the level of the "Point " 
 with Its pleasant grass, its winding walks, its old Audi- 
 torium, shaded and hallowed with memories that have 
 grown through multiplying years. The old cottages 
 and many of the old cottagers, remain about this Audi! 
 torium, -reminders of the old times, and the oldest 
 times, of Chautauqua, when the first vesper service 
 announced that "The Day Goeth Away," and the 
 
 T'^\7u ^l^' '" '^''^'■" ^^"S out under these forest 
 arches Who that was there can ever forget that hour> 
 The altars were aglow that night, and hearts on fire. 
 It was an experiment, but from the first it was an 
 assured success. The time will come when the remain 
 >ng sharers in that first feast in the evening light will 
 
 .M^^ vn "' ,*.' '^^' °' '''^™ "'» receie^onor, 
 and the children of Chautauqua will listen to their storv^ 
 as with quivering lips and kindling eye thev speak =.ho„t 
 
50 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 
 ■±^ ' 
 
 that first evening under the trees, the words ^hat broke 
 the sacred silence, the songs that bore praise and 
 wonder and joy to the heavens, and the friendships that 
 were formed there never to be broken. 
 
 How many who joined in the first Chautauqua service 
 have already "fallen on sleep," and gone out into a 
 world sleepless and without nightfall, where for vesper 
 chant are substituted the hallelujahs of an eternal 
 morning ! 
 
 But let us go up higher. Beyond the Point and 
 Auditorium level, are the terraces that run along the 
 hillside, one above another, gardens and cottages, with 
 pathways and winding roads, leading up under welcome 
 shadows to a higher Chautauqua, — a long stretch of 
 table-land crowned now with Temple and Chapel, Pyra- 
 mid, Normal Hall, Museum, and Hall of Philosophy • 
 while beyond, in the open fields toward the north, we 
 reach the highest point of our Assembly grounds, one 
 of the highest on the lake. 
 
 Thus from the landing and the beginning of our 
 journey we ascend from the lowest to the highest, and 
 find beauty, delight, pleasant welcomes and rewards, all 
 the way. 
 
 This study in the lay of the land which makes the 
 physical Chautauqua is an allegory. There is an upper 
 Chautauqua ; and not all who visit the place see it, and 
 not all who become Chautauquans reach it. 
 
 The Chautauqua movement is progressive, and its 
 friends and students are expected to make advancement 
 m the line of its conceptions and provisions. It has 
 court beyond court, in which it unfolds its progressive 
 aims, and introduces its disciples to the higher privi- 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT 51 
 
 leges of culture which it provides. No fences or lines 
 mark these successive stages. They do not correspond 
 with the topographical elevations, although we have 
 found m the one a figure or symbol of the other But 
 such gradation exists, and I shall point it out. 
 
 The Chautauqua University embraces the follow- 
 ing departments : — 
 
 I. — The Chautauqua Assembly. 
 
 1. The Summer Meetings at Chautauqua. 
 
 2. The Sunday-school Normal Department. 
 
 3. The Schools of Language. 
 
 4. The Chautauqua Teachers' Retreat. 
 
 II. — The Chautauqua Literary and Scientific 
 Circle. 
 
 in. — The Chautauqua College of Liberal Arts 
 formerly known as "The Chautauqua University," and 
 with powers as provided in its charter. 
 
 IV. —The Chautauqua School of Theology, with 
 purposes and powers as in its charter, 
 v.— The Chautauqua Press. 
 The Chautauqua Assembly was the original title 
 of the Summer Meeting, and is the present title recog- 
 nized in the Chautauqua Charter. The first "Assem- 
 bly began on the first Tuesday evening of August 
 1874; and from that time the "Assembly" has opened 
 at the same date. When " Church Congress," " Scientific 
 Congress," " Missionary Institute," etc., were introduced 
 they came "before the Assembly," -the "Saturday be- 
 fore or the "Thursday before;" but the central date 
 ot the Chautauqua calendar has always been the "As 
 sembly opening," which everybody at all enlightened in 
 the ways of Chautauqua knows to be "the first Tuesday 
 
S3 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEAfENT. 
 
 if 
 
 III; 
 
 evening in August." When the "Teachers' Retreat" 
 and the "Schools of Language" were opened two or 
 three weeks before the "Assembly," the "Assembly 
 opening" on the first Tuesday in August was reco- 
 nized as the pivotal time-point of the whole summer's 
 work. The Saturday before the first Tuesday is called 
 !^ r ^f r'f """ Celebration." The " Anniversary of 
 ^- ^' I- (Chautauqua Missionary Institute) comes 
 on Monday before the first Tuesday in August • the 
 great " Missionary Day," Thursday after the first Tues- 
 day in August; "C. L. S. C. Inauguration Day," first 
 Saturday after the first Tuesday in August; "Denomi- 
 national Congress and Look-up Legion Day," second 
 Wednesday after the first Tuesday in August ; "Alumni 
 Re-union and Illuminated Fleet Day," second Thursday 
 after the first Tuesday in August ; and so on, and so 
 on. And even now, where "Preliminary Week" eives 
 us with C. T. R. and C. S. L., a whole month before 
 the first Tuesday in August," all eyes turn toward 
 that date as the great and brilliant annual opening of 
 the Chautauqua Assembly." Formerly the "big bells " 
 did not ring until that evening ; the rigid laws of retir- ' 
 mg and rising did not come in force until then ; the 
 most distinguished guests did not appear on the plat- 
 form before that ; and on the first Tuesday evening of 
 August, the great crowds came from the regions round 
 about sure of a tempest of song and merriment, of wit 
 and eloquence, on the auditorium platform under the 
 trees, and later in the great Amphitheatre of Chau- 
 tauqua. 
 
 Nor has the glory departed. Whatever may have 
 been the attractions of the platform during the month 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT 
 
 53 
 
 of July, everybody in the vicinity of Chautauqua expects 
 a larger audience and a more intense enthusiasm on 
 "the first Tuesday evening in August" than at any 
 previous time. Old Chautauquans manage to "be at 
 the opening." Old residents along the lake run up 
 "for the opening ; " and there are men and women who 
 always rise that evening when the call is made for "all 
 who have been present at every opening since 1874." 
 As the years go by, and richer programmes fill the July 
 season, this furor over the "o]Dening" will somewhat 
 abate; but for all time there must gather about the 
 "first Tuesday evening in August" at Chautauqua a 
 peculiar charm,— the charm woven of precedent and 
 antiquity and association. 
 
 The Summer Meeting with its "Preliminary Week " 
 its "C T. R.," «C. S. L.," "Assembly," and "After- 
 week," IS the popular side of Chautauqua, —the first 
 point of approach to this remarkable educational centre. 
 It is the outer court, open to the whole world. It has 
 no restraints upon the incomers, save those which are 
 necessary to guarantee a financial support to the insti- 
 tution, and those rules of ordinary decorum which are 
 essential to the quiet enjoyment and profit of those 
 who pay their tribute and wait for the promised com- 
 pensation. And this compensation comes in lectures 
 on the widest range of topics, from the " Philosophy of 
 Locke and Berkeley" to the light and cheery discus- 
 sions about " Fools and their Folly ; " music in all its 
 torms,— stringed instruments and organs; concerts by 
 gifted artists ; characterizations by rare impersonators ; 
 Illustrations of life and manners in remote regions, by 
 the aid of costumers and tableaux vi':,n.,fs • of^v,-^' ^f 
 
III! 
 
 54 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT, 
 
 travel, with photographic accompaniments colored, mag- 
 model'/ f^'^^-'-^'^ wanderings among fountains, 
 models, and museums; uninterpreted chatter from 
 c asses m Latin, Greek. French, German, Hebrew, An- 
 
 School of Oratory; sermons by able ministers; lessons 
 by competent teachers; attractions for light-hearted 
 youth and wearied but rational age. in bonfires, banners 
 processions, fireworks, illuminated fleets, -these are 
 the features of the outer court of Chautauqua, for the 
 entertainment, awakening, and broadening of people 
 who come with no far-reaching or serious purpose, but 
 who come to ''hear" and ''see" and have "a good 
 time^ They are simply recipients. The will-power 
 lies dormant, save as some stirring statement of lecture 
 or sermon, or some unsyllabled passage in music, opens 
 the soul to the worlds all about it replete with marvel 
 beauty, and power. So much for the outer Chautauqua' 
 There are those who see this, -onl} this and nothing 
 more. They come and go. They wonder why thev 
 and others come, and yet they think they may come 
 again -but are not sure. They do not forget Chau- 
 tauqua, and they do not "go wild " over it. They smile 
 at other people, whom they call "fanatics" because 
 they are full of it, and "bound to come again," and to 
 come every year," and always, and "would be willing 
 to live there." ® 
 
 The Chautauqua Missionary Institute belongs to 
 the " Summer-Meeting " department. It was organized 
 in 18/8, and begins regularly on the Saturday preced- 
 ing "the first Tuesday in August," and lasts for four 
 or five days. All aspects of the missionary question 
 
 3' 
 
ed, mag- 
 luntains, 
 er from 
 ew, An- 
 s in the 
 
 lessons 
 hearted 
 )anners, 
 ese are 
 
 for the 
 
 people 
 )se, but 
 a good 
 I-power 
 lecture 
 , opens 
 narvel, 
 auqua. 
 othing 
 Y they 
 
 come 
 Chau- 
 
 smile 
 2cause 
 and to 
 i^illing 
 
 igs to 
 mized 
 'eced- 
 ' four 
 Jstion 
 
 
 i' 
 
 r//£ CHACrAL/Ql/A MOVEMEIVT. 5, 
 
 are^^discussed by ™en and w„„e„ of the several denom- 
 
 The Chautauqua American Churph Qp„„ 
 Chukch Work, for the training of rmen and 'in°' 
 ters in principles and methods of chSlfe and w t 
 suggested by Ur. George P. Havs of Dentt Pnl ' 
 conducted during the season of ,885 b^ Rev Dr ',7 
 
 sefeS ^rr:rj:rons^^.:~^^^^^ 
 
 of Christian Ethics;" ''The Look-Up Legion ''"Th^ 
 Chautauqua Cadets • " and "Th^ ru . ^^6^°" > The 
 Corps." ' ^^^ Chautauqua Calisthenic 
 
 As^bly ,He Wedtd^lC t^^rX- 
 
 bS' Jot r re ibtt : boir r'^^-- -■ 
 
 of books; in Bible historv hi. u ' ^"'^ ^' ^ ''°°'' 
 
 -ines, etc, ; in meUriS sSi''ar;r ''' '°'=- 
 practical life _Iaw= nf ^'^"P™re and hymns; in 
 
 certificate for e cWrade" if"^' ''^P""'"^"'' «'^- A 
 
 answers eighty per cent of .^^""" '° '"^ P""" "^^ 
 
 competitive^,^ze' Lrgte„f rthrh''°"K' '"' ">^^^ 
 tion-papers presented ^r; ! '^^ ''"' ^'^■"i"^'- 
 
 Lecturesillustrrtedbvcol u"''"^ '" '^^^ ^'^^s. 
 
 by models. asTjetutCpaTe's LTe^odrT" ''";' 
 
 :::• m^i:^rj'i— ^, -.nm^^'es^b; tt: c^s 
 
 .. ame .u ume through the Park of Pales- 
 
56 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 tine, under the direction of experienced tourists who 
 have visited and studied the actual Canaan. 
 
 The Temperance Classmates meet for ten or twelve 
 recitations during the Assembly, giving attention to 
 educational topics which bear on the "Temperance 
 cause." 
 
 The Society of Christian Ethics meets at four 
 o'clock every Sunday afternoon during the season, in 
 the " Temple," and with closed doors ; only young peo- 
 ple between twelve and twenty-one years of age ad- 
 mittted. Topics relating to every-day life and duty are 
 discussed: "Duties of young people to mother," "to 
 father," "to very old people," "to very young people, 
 — the babies and very little children of the household ; " 
 "The place of conscience in day-school work ; " "The 
 care of the body;" "Self-respect;" "Social amuse- 
 ments;" "Conscience in the parlor;" "Habits of 
 reading;" etc. 
 
 The Look-Up Legion is one of the many forms 
 which the "Ten Times One" idea of Dr. Edward 
 Everett Hale has assumed, and is devoted to the en- 
 forcement and illustration of his now famous motto: 
 "Look up, and not down ; Look out, and not in ; Look 
 forward, and not back ; and, Lend a hand." 
 
 The Cadets and Calisthenic Corps are designed 
 to promote physical training during the season at Chau- 
 tauqua, and thus to render the place more attractive 
 and profitable to the young people who spend the 
 summers with us. 
 
 The Sunday-school Normal Department, now 
 known as the " Chautauqua Assembly Normal Union," 
 was the basis of the original Chautauqua Assembly, 
 
 •A 
 
" "to 
 
 now 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. „ 
 
 and its course of atudy the samp fh.f u , ,. 
 
 by the Sunday-schooi'union of the M^i 'r" ''°P'^'' 
 pal Church, and by represent, , ""!'°'''^'-Episco- 
 
 Sunday-school organ^.atts " farthe'r ? '-" """ 
 IS a matter of record development 
 
 ^S'^^^ST^,^^:^^ Asse.My.. i„ 
 
 Class Lessons" was appoined. That""'' °' ^""^' 
 a report, which was unTnirously adold T'"" "^'^ 
 of persons of all denomi„atio„/i„terestert ' T''"^ 
 
 ""^^^^ '''' ^^p°« °p-s as fdi:;: !^ ■" "^^ "- 
 
 efficiency rthTw'oToTTo '"'rf' """°™''^' -^ 
 Sabbath-school terhl ""'' '"«™ction for 
 
 tions of Chri i n' tie unT"^- ''"V'"""' ''^"°'"'«- 
 
 bers of ten clifferrtnoSfors^rcr'"^^^ '"^"'- 
 Pointed at the ChautauQ„rQ ? Christians, ap- 
 
 Au.. 8, ,876, fort" purpose rr "' ''"^'""'' 
 course of normal class lessons and '^"'^"'""ending a 
 of operations and plans "^"'i:;^^;^""^ ^ ^asis 
 report:-— ^'S^nization, respectfully 
 
 thr^c^uXT crsT^f'Te^^""'- '» "^ -"^d 
 
 Lessons;' the tLe of each , ''""'^'^°°' N°™-' 
 tween the consideLion ^ ttr" Bibl '' f ^'^"^ ''^- 
 tents,^and the -theory and ptticf fteTcti";."-. 
 ine Chautauqua Course nf c uu , ^^^^^^^S- 
 
 4 L^ourse of Sabbath-school Normal 
 
 * Names of the CommittPP • t u t,. 
 (Luth), Richard Newton (P E ) J d r"''"' ^''■^•^' ^- ^- Kuhns 
 (Pres.). W. Knox (Pres ) O nU\u' °^^' ^^•^■)' ^mes M'Nab 
 Prcs.), Charles RhoLds Bap.') O fT^ ^"H^^-^' ^^ J' ^^^^ (Cumb 
 ham (M.E. South). ^^ ■*' ^' ■^' P'^^'brey (Cong.), W. G, E. C«nnj^g* 
 
II 
 
 58 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT 
 
 K <.! 
 
 Lessons may be adopted and used by any church, 
 society, union, association, or institution of learning. 
 
 "We recommend that normal classes organizing to 
 study the Chautauqua Course of Sabbath-school Nor- 
 mal Lessons appoint a local committee of instruction, 
 who shall have charge of the work of the class, con- 
 duct examinations, and who may issue diplomas to 
 graduates. 
 
 *' Normal classes who desire to issue diplomas may 
 obtain them from the Chautauqua Committee, with 
 the heading * Chautauqua Sabbath-school Normal Class 
 Diploma,' and upon which may be placed the stamp 
 or name of the church, society, union, association, or 
 institution of learning, with which the class is con- 
 nected ; these diplomas to be signed by the local com- 
 mittee of instruction. 
 
 " Normal classes organizing to study the Chautauqua 
 Course of Sabbath-school Normal Lessons are requested 
 to forward to the Rev. J. H. Vincent, 805 Broadway, 
 New York, Superintendent of Instruction at Chautau- 
 qua, a statement of the name, location, church relation, 
 numbers, and committee of instruction, thereof, to be 
 filed and preserved." 
 
 "Normal Praxes" were required in this normal sys- 
 tem, — a series of practice-exercises in writing, on the 
 several processes of the teacher's work : thinking, mem- 
 orizing, finding central and root thoughts, word-pictur- 
 ing, analogies, collecting illustrations, lines of approach, 
 map-drawing, framing questions, and other exercises 
 required in the work of teaching. No form of normal 
 Sunday-school practice is more useful. I quote from 
 some of the old praxis papers as i''ustrations of the 
 
con- 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA .XfOVEMEMT. 5a 
 
 valuable work done. On sheets, ..ith ample space for 
 the pup,l s wntten answers, were printed the following 
 among many others : -Suppose the lesson wlr D "uf 
 ^ 19-33. Imagme: Class of six boys about twelve years 
 
 acts, relations, and geography of this lesson ?" A^ain • 
 
 Mag^u.: Class of six young persons about sixTeen 
 
 years of age PrM,„.. what presumptive or dtect 
 
 argument m favor of the divine origin of'^he filble mav 
 
 Z r'y"^'-E'-Azanyeh, El-Khuds, El-Khalil ■ 2 Man 
 at Athens, a Jew, delivering address on ul Hill more 
 
 ten aSo'ut'T" """"i!' ^^^" ^^° • ^- ^^ree book w ^ 
 ten aoout Jesus with n a few vears 5^,., r. 
 
 Farrar ; 4. New York Hir! / ~ "''' ^'"'^"■ 
 Pie D IwlT Tr "'PP°d™'"e, ten thousand peo- 
 
 g vin^' aKble ^r' '"'^ °- ^^"'^'^>'' 5- Queen Victoria 
 seciefof P n .• P'^'" P""^^ ^l^o ^^ked her the 
 
 'Precious Jesu" Again • AvLr'^" "'''^'"'"'"^' 
 sons or analogies are suSe^sied^^jThellrgTar; 
 
 the lake aVcu I '""'' ™'*^^ "^^ "^e wind on 
 
 oL na trfe A^TT ^ '''""'^'" """^ ^^^ ^ ''-" 
 
 of waves to the horeTH''"r' ''"''' " ^ S''^^' "-''^ 
 
 shadows It is mtri '""^ "»'"^ ^^^' dark 
 
 4UUWS. It IS more pleasant to hear the thr»» n 
 
 tauqua bells than one." Another- "HnU '""" 
 
 justified byfS'ee Wh:-e "'^""''^^ ''^^-S 
 will your heart b; ato.' ' ^°" ''"''''''' '^' "'^^ 
 
6o 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 Il 
 
 A list of five hundred questions on biblical and 
 Sunday-school themes was made out, and circulated 
 widely. They were designed for self-testing by isolated 
 pupils. 
 
 The subjects comprised in the Chautauqua course of 
 that day are here classified : — 
 
 I. Pertaining to the Bible: i. Its names. 2. Its 
 books. 3. The classification of books. 4. The writers. 
 5. The languages. 6. The gradual development. 7. 
 The cajion. 8. The identity of its books. 9. Their 
 historic accuracy. 10. 'Y\\€\x divine authority. 11. Their 
 inspiration. 12. The principal versions. 13. The con- 
 tents of the Bible : History, chronology, geography, 
 biography, manners and customs, divisions of time, 
 natural history, institutions, prophecies, doctrines, 
 weights, measures, etc. 14. Its interpretation. 15. 
 Its mission, use, and power. 
 
 2. Pertaining to the Sabbath School: i. T\iQ place 
 and purpose, 2. The relations to home and church. 3. 
 The organization. 4. The management. 5. The classi- 
 fication. 6. The early lesson systems. 7. The inter- 
 national lessons. 8. The supplemental lessons. 9. The 
 appliances. 10. The Sabbath-school i-///m;^/^;/^^;//. 11. 
 The other Sabbath-school officers. 12. The Sabbath- 
 school teacher. 13. The teacher's helps. 14. The 
 teacher's difficulties and mistakes. 15. The Sabbath- 
 school normal ec^^r/^, — teachers' meeting, institute, 
 normal class. 16. The zveek-day poiver of the school. 
 
 3. Pertaining to Teaching: i. The j^/// we teach. 
 2. The acquisition of knowledge. 3. The retetition of 
 knowledge. 4. The application of knowledge. 5. The 
 communication of knowledge. 6. The preparation of 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA AfOVEMENT. g, 
 
 W ,«««.. 7. The preparation to /.«./. the lesson 
 8. The pupils' /,o,„c.prepamtion. 9. The /^^./^wl 
 
 -s. ^::;.Ti^iear "- xr:!/:^-^'- 
 
 classpt: • T^r,-»>,^ • \. ^ adaptation to 
 
 uX inrc^2;r™fT; T'°S^^"i'' --•- 
 
 .u.itionoMacts:s;e:!fiei::son?Xj^^^^^^^^ 
 
 theories: Educational and SundarschLt Pra S t 
 teaching : Approach, word-picturing illustr J[^n 
 foning. Memorizing Scripture '""'"^^"°"' l"^^- 
 
 mat otw' r '^ ^^^"^ '■ '"'"^'^ °" G«"/^»««^, Free. 
 2 .r '''^"(ff'^'^""- Trumbull on Ji,^i,.^s. Sitch on 
 
 Bot s No ?T ^f^"'^^'^- Chautauqufxext 
 
 '-«.^ No. „. sLl to f.plJ"""^'""'- 
 Froebel No ^^ r? ■ ■ ^estalozsi. No. 15. 
 
 Book of bII. '■ ^"'"'""' ^'''"''^^- No. ,9. ri 
 
 Adaptations of these le<icA«o 
 
 of all grades, for s tud nt at Cha^r' "'''' '°"' ^"P"^ 
 
 classes/'asatotherasembll •'.?'"'' '" "'"'"'' 
 in the case of 'Mndivid a7 tach ^ rr' ''""^ ' " 
 "Teachers' Union" ;,nrl .< T , ^here were also 
 vided. Certificates and ,.T S''^""^'^" ™«rses pro- 
 cessful candidates ' "', '''P'°™='= ^'^<= given to sue 
 especially thorough I P°^'-g'-^duate course was 
 for .SSc'it was a? follows -"''''' '" '"^ "-^"'^^'^ 
 Books to be studied: "Outline., nf ri, u ,.. 
 tory," Dr. Hurst, nrice ^o cell . 1 "'^ "''• 
 
 ' jO cents; -Short History of 
 
'*\ 11 
 
 il' ilili 
 
 
 li 
 
 62 
 
 77/£- CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 English Bible," Dr. Freeman, price 50 cents; "Com- 
 panion to the Bible," Dr. Barrow, price i^i./S ; 
 "The Church School," Dr. Vincent, price 75 cents; 
 " Christological Studies," Dr. D. D. Buck. 
 
 Papers. — Y.^.z\i candidate is expected to present two 
 papers containing not less than one thousand words 
 each, one on a biblical, the other on a Sabbath-school 
 theme. 
 
 A series of fifty questions based upon the above 
 books must be answered in writing at Chautauqua. 
 At the Centenary Conference in London, in 1880, a 
 still further development of the normal Sunday-school 
 work took place by the appointment of an International 
 Sunday-school Normal Committee, composed of workers 
 in England, America, and France. A course of read- 
 ing and study was outlined. This new course forms 
 the basis of the "Assembly Normal Union" curricu- 
 lum, recently adopted by most if not all of the Summer 
 Assemblies. In competent hands this new departure 
 is proving very successful. 
 
 The Chautauqua Intermediate Class is an or- 
 ganization independent of the Normal Department, and 
 for the benefit of youths and adults who elect training 
 in the biblical rather than the normal studies. It meets 
 daily in the Temple, beginning on Wednesday morning 
 after the "opening." 
 
 
 I! 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 63 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 - Dnf xTpplf '^^^''' ««^/Z?m.../..«... but he resorted to no university^ 
 
 T^HE Chautauqua Teachers' Retreat aims to 
 A benefit secular teachers by combining with the 
 recreative delights of the summer vacation the stimu- 
 latmg and quickenin-; influence of the summer school 
 The professional part of the vacation thus utilized need 
 not be exacting in its demands ; and under the law of 
 the economy of teaching-force, one may, under the 
 right conditions, receive from a teacher who is himself 
 in good condition, a measure of help in an hour or a 
 day, which will influence all the after-life of the teacher 
 Through lectures, lecture-lessons, biographical studies' 
 Illustrative exercises, scientific experiments, etc., under 
 the direction of the foremost educators of the age, the 
 Retreat presents to its students : i. The Pkilosopky 
 of teaching ; 2. The J/.//.../, which are the legitimate 
 outgrowth of this philosophy; 3. The AppliLon of 
 methods to the different branches of learning taught to 
 the different grades of pupils in the schools ; 4 The 
 Btograp/ncal Centres, or the study of those eminent 
 educators who have from time to time embodied great 
 
I II 
 
 |^ ! 
 
 :. 1. I 
 
 \n 
 
 
 64 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT 
 
 principles and illustrated distinctive methods ; and 5 
 The "Retreat" also seeks to inspire its members to 
 develop their individual powers and aptitudes in the 
 study and practice of pedagogy. 
 
 The Chautauqua Teachers'^'Retreat was organized in 
 1879. The first meeting was held at 11 a.m., July I7 
 in the " Temple ; " the last, on the first day of August 
 Dr. William Phelps of Minnesota. Dr. J. W. Dickinson 
 of Boston, Dr. John Hancock of Ohio, Prof R S 
 Holmes of Auburn, N.Y., Prof. George R Beard of 
 California, Penn., Miss Morris of Brooklyn, Miss Leon- 
 ard of Illmois, and Mrs. Ford of Cleveland, were the 
 instructors. Conversazioni vfQVQ held on "The Teach 
 er's Work," "Definitions of Education," "Defects in 
 Modern Education," " The Public Schools of Boston " 
 "Asking Questions," "Normal Work," "Socrates'" 
 •"Froebel," "Ascham," " Pestalozzi," "Object Teach- 
 ing," "Teaching History," "Oral Teaching," "Teaching 
 in Pennsylvania," "Teaching in the West," "Building 
 Character," "The Higher Education," "A School 
 Week," "After-school Work," "Home Hinr'erances," 
 etc., etc. A Sabbath Conference was held on "Jesus 
 as the Perfect Teacher." Excursions on the lake 
 social re-unions, lectures, music, and other attractive 
 features of the Chautauqua grounds and programme 
 contributed to the pleasure and profit of the forty-five 
 teachers who constituted the first " Chautauqua Teach- 
 ers Retreat." 
 
 Since that first meeting in 1879, the Teachers' Re- 
 treat has steadily grown in favor among the educators 
 Some of the most distinguished representatives of 
 theoretical and practical pedagogy have favored us with 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMEXT. 
 
 65 
 
 their presence and counsel. The programme has been 
 enriched by vigorous lectures, by expositions of princi- 
 ples and methods, by illustrative and experimental ex- 
 ercises, by conferences and question-drawers ; and from 
 most of the States in the Union, pupils have come to 
 enjoy for two weeks the benefits of contact with livino- 
 leaders, and of actual observation in the - ways oi 
 doing things" by which the value of the teacher's 
 service may be augmented. 
 
 The development and expansion of the Retreat may 
 be appreciated by a glance at the programme for 1885 
 in which we find provision for lessons in pedago-y and in 
 the practical application of pedagogical science ; studies 
 in Shakspere ; chemical practice in the laboratory • peri- 
 patetic lessons in mineralogy, geology, forestry, and 
 botany ; training under the best teachers in elocution 
 vocal culture, calisthenics, stenography, microscopy, clay' 
 modelling, and kindergarten. From this wide range of 
 subjects, pupils will make a selection, and confine their 
 attention to daily work in the direction of their choice 
 for from two to six weeks. 
 
 Fishing, sailing, rowing, bathing, roller-coasting, cal- 
 isthenic practice, bicycling, croquet, archery, lawn- 
 tennis ; spelling, pronouncing, and quotation matches • 
 camp-fires, debates, old style singing-schools, and the 
 endless variety of entertainments provided by the man- 
 agement, -give sufficient recreation of an innocent and 
 useful character, to the most laborious student. 
 
 Among the many exercises by which the Retreat has 
 been rendered serviceable and attractive the past few 
 years, is one deserving especial mention : The Ideal 
 Summer Trip beyond the Sea. The first was conducted 
 
Il;i 
 
 I 
 
 H ; 
 
 66 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 in 1873. The idea of the " Summer Trip " is to impart 
 the instruction. ..: ci to : ome extent the pleasure, of for- 
 eign travel to ihos^^ vvho are not able to make the actual 
 excursion ; while for those who " expect one of these 
 days to go to Europe," the Ideal Trip becomes an 
 invaluable preparation. 
 
 By the power of imaginr^ion, a party of tourists pack 
 the delights and profit of one hundred and fifty days of 
 travel into fifteen; and all this by the aid of conver- 
 sations, lecture-lessons, class-drills, blackboard outlines, 
 choice readings by gifted elocutionists, musical render- 
 ings by superior singers, personal reminiscences by 
 ladies and gentlemen who have travelled widely, a libra- 
 ry of travel, a large number of card-photographs and 
 engravings, and by stereopticon illustrations. 
 
 The Amphitheatre, the Temple, the Hotel Athcn^um 
 parlors, the Hall of Philosophy, and the lake steamers 
 are utilized in securing as fully as possible the reaUstic 
 features in this Ideal Trip. 
 
 The days of ocean travel are described in a Tourists' 
 Conference of one hour, and then illustrated in two 
 hours' display of stereopticon pictures explained by 
 old travellers who give the serious and ludicrous sides 
 of ocean-travel. Storms, fogs, icebergs, moonlight on 
 placid waters, sailor's songs, the sports of voyagers, the 
 approach to the foreign shore, are graphically presented. 
 By conferences, lectures, and whatever art can do to 
 assist, the Chautauqua Foreign Tourists are conducted 
 during successive days through the lands across the 
 ocean. In 1883 the tour was an extensive one, — 
 through Ireland, Scotland, England, and the Continent. 
 In 1884 the illustrated talks and the conferences were 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 67 
 
 limited to the British Isles, while instructive lectures 
 were given on distinguished characters in English liter- 
 ature and in modern English history. In 1885, in 
 anticipation of the dominating subjects of the Chau- 
 tauqija Literary and Scientific Circle Course for the 
 ensuing year, the field of the tourists' study and explo- 
 ration was confined to Italy, ancient and modern, her 
 great heroes, writers, and artists. The iourists' Con- 
 ferenLC considered "Routes into Italy," "Italy— gee- 
 graphical and political," " Milan — Leonardo da Vinci's 
 Last Supper ; Cathedral ; View of the Alps ; King 
 Humbert's Arcade ; Walls ; " " Rome." Lectures were 
 delivered on "Venice, the Faded Queen of the Adri- 
 atic," "Florence, the Athens of Italy," "Naples, Pom- 
 peii, and Vesuvius," 'WRome,'" "From Chautauqua to 
 Casamicciola," "Around Vesuvius," "A Trip through 
 Italy," " Memories of Life in Italy," " Leonardo da 
 Vinci." 
 
 The Ideal Tour plan will be continued through the 
 years, and must with increasing facilities provide an 
 invaluable means of entertainment and of preparation 
 for actual foreign travel. 
 
 The Chautauqua Teachers Reading Union is 
 the most recent of the Chautauqua societies, and is an 
 extension of the " Retreat " into a home-circle for pro- 
 fessioval reading and study during the entire year. It 
 is the scheme of the C. L. S. C, adapted to the day- 
 school teacher, and applied to his work, The plan of 
 the "Reading Union" for secular teachers was dis- 
 cussed, and preliminary steps taken, in 1879, for organi- 
 zation, at Chautauqua. Owing to the pressure of other 
 matters, and the success of the C. L. S. C. in engaging 
 
!l 
 
 68 
 
 
 li 
 
 t 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 ' 
 
 t 
 
 11! 
 
 ¥.] 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT 
 
 teachers in its course of reading, the Teachers' Reading 
 Course was postponed. In December, 1S84, the plan 
 was revived, the "Chautauqua Teachers' Reading 
 Union" established, and Dr. Thomas VV. Bicknell of 
 Boston appointed president. At this writing, the 
 scheme is in process of development, and will in due 
 time be officially announced. It will not conflict with 
 or interrupt the work of State Teachers' Reading 
 Unions already organized, but will co-operate with 
 them. It will provide three regular and several ad- 
 vanced courses of reading and study, recognizing and 
 honoring the work done by all other reading circles, 
 supplementing such work by practical helps, and for- 
 warding special counsels to its registered members. 
 At the completion of the first prescribed course, a 
 diploma will be given, and for every additional course 
 a seal added. In case of special examinations on the 
 several courses, special recognition will be made by 
 the "gold seals " of the " Readers' Union." All persons 
 joining the Chautauqua Teachers' Reading Union, and 
 paying the annual fee of one dollar, will become mem- 
 bers of the "Socratic League," and will receive seven 
 valuable communications annually from the counsellors. 
 The Union has already received the hearty indorsement 
 of the leading educators of America. 
 
 The Chautauqua School of Languages was opened 
 in 1879, with classes in Greek, Latin, German, French, 
 Anglo-Saxon, and the Oriental languages. A depart- 
 ment of biblical exegesis was a feature of the first 
 session. The announcement of the C. S. L. was ac- 
 companied by the statement that its object was "to 
 make teachers familiar with 'the natural method' of 
 
Reading 
 he plan 
 R.eading 
 knell of 
 ig, the 
 in due 
 ict with 
 leading 
 te with 
 ;ral ad- 
 ng and 
 circles, 
 nd for- 
 imbers. 
 lurse, a 
 course 
 on the 
 ade by 
 persons 
 3n, and 
 I mem- 
 seven 
 sellers., 
 sement 
 
 )pened 
 rench, 
 iepart- 
 e first 
 ^as ac- 
 is "to 
 od' of 
 
 TI^IE CHAUTAUQUA MOl'EMEA'T, 69 
 
 teaching both the ancient and modern languages, and 
 to mcrease popular interest in philological studies " 
 
 I he "natural method " of teaching the languages had 
 been successfully introduced and illustrated by Messrs 
 Henness and Sauvcur. Other teachers of the system 
 have been developed in this country, - born teachers, 
 tertile m devices, enthusiastic and magnetic 
 
 By this process, a person who has never known 
 trench or German may in six weeks conduct conver- 
 sation on ordinary topics in the language ; while those 
 who have known the grammar, but never dared to ven- 
 ture on pronunciation, may converse with very consid- 
 erable fluency. The principles of the natural method 
 have been applied to Italian and Spanish, and substan- 
 tially to Latm and Greek, and with very remarkable 
 success. 
 
 My attention had been called to this system two 
 years before, by a distinguished clergyman, who told of 
 his daughter s marvellous success in the study of French 
 under a skilful natural-method teacher. The enthusi 
 asm of my friend. -a man of culture and of sober 
 judgment -and the facts which he presented in sup- 
 port of the new method, led to further inquiry Case 
 after case came to my knowledge, and to the theory on 
 
 o'ilie'ction ""''^'"^ '' ^'"'"^ ^ '""^^ "^"^^ ^° ^^^°"« 
 
 The "natural method" does not claim to give its 
 
 pupis the mastery of a language in six weeks oT in six 
 
 months. It IS not a " labor-saving " device. It simply 
 
 It r uT5' '^ ""'"'"• ^^^^^^"g the process by 
 which a chi d is enabled within a few years to speak 
 his native tongue, the "natural method" recognizes 
 
1 : 
 
 i ^ 
 
 
 P 
 
 70 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 the simple laws which he involuntarily observes, and 
 applies them to mature persons, who with strong pur- 
 pose and intense desire devote themselves to the ac- 
 quisition of a new tongue. A child associates with 
 certain words the objects and actions which they ex- 
 press. He sees the fact, and hears the name. The 
 frequent repetitioji of these words, in association with the 
 objects, deepens his impression. He Yivcii^oM pronounces 
 the words many times each day. His blunders are cor- 
 rected. He corrects himself. Repetition gives facility. 
 Language is a reality. The word answers for the thing. 
 He succeeds in communicating his thought. Success 
 inspires him with confidence. He ventures. His at- 
 tempts are rewarded with new successes. Pronuncia- 
 tion, conversation, confidence, enthusiasm — and the 
 pupil is prepared to study the grammar. He reads, 
 talks, triumphs. He begins to be a Frenchman, a Ger- 
 man. The language is not a series of pages in print, 
 but a living verity, a practical, every-day help. He is 
 now prepared to go forward for years, his efforts re- 
 warded, his enthusiasm increasing with every week of 
 study. 
 
 The able teachers of language in our own Chautauqua 
 schools havo developed, modified, and improved this 
 scheme, arid shew astonishing results. 
 
 The school of languages at Chautauqua holds sessions 
 for from four to six weeks every summer. Students of 
 this achooi enjoy the privileges of the *' Retreat " and 
 the "Assembly" without additional expense. They 
 may listen to literary lectures delivered in the language 
 for the study of which they joined the school. In 
 French soir/e, or Latin symposium, they have a chance 
 
rves, and 
 "ong pur- 
 ) the ac- 
 xtes with 
 
 they ex- 
 ne. The 
 1 with the 
 ronounces 
 s are cor- 
 s facility, 
 he thing. 
 
 Success 
 His at- 
 ronuncia- 
 -and the 
 le reads, 
 in, a Ger- 
 
 in print, 
 ). He is 
 fforts re- 
 ^ week of 
 
 autauqua 
 )ved this 
 
 ) sessions 
 udents of 
 eat " and 
 e. They 
 language 
 hool. In 
 a chance 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT 71 
 
 to test their knowledge of a foreign tongue, and their 
 skill in the use of it. Gathered around a camp-fire, the 
 
 Vatfrlmd^^''^^'' ""^^^^ ^""^ ''"^' '" ^^^ language of 
 The :^hautauqua Summer School for Children 
 was an e..periment for a single year, - 1883. Want of 
 financial resources was the cause of a suspension which 
 IS, I trust, only temporary. It is the design of the 
 ^. b. b. L. to be a profitable vacation, full of rest of the 
 right sort for little people ; the perfection of recreation 
 which shall be re-creation; a "garden" of wisdom, disci- 
 pline, and delight ; a place for culture in language sci- 
 ence, manners, life and character. 
 
 The lessons of the C S S r ot-o <-^ u 
 
 . • ^- ^- ^- are to be so given 
 
 as to time, quantity, and manner, as not to be tasks • 
 so limited, that "ambitious " pupils cannot overwork ; so' 
 blended with play, that study will prove a pleasure 
 so ably directed by superior teachers, that the exercise; 
 will be inspirations rather than recitations, and will pre- 
 P^-e pupils to work on their own account at home and 
 school, rather than to attempt larger results at the 
 summer school itself. 
 
 tionritTure''"''' "^ instructions, lessons, conversa- 
 tions, lectures reviews, exercises, praxes, experiments 
 etc. imder brilliant leaders (who know childhood), unde; 
 the following departments : — ' 
 
 .1. Lessons in Our Own Language, -or, how to speak 
 read, and write English. ^wco speak, 
 
 2. Lessons in Our Own Neighborhood, - its botanv 
 zoology, geology, and geography ^' 
 
72 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 how to keep accounts ; how to act at home, in 
 society, in travel, in business, at church, and at 
 school. 
 
 Imagine the delights of Chautauqua days after two 
 hours' work (and two hours only), with shady groves, 
 lovely lake, fountains, lawn-tennis grounds, and roller- 
 coaster. Think of microscopes, stereopticon, the even- 
 ing "parlor hour," campfire, bonfire, fireworks, military 
 drills for the boys, and calisthenics for the girls ! 
 
 What has not yet been attained is only waiting for 
 time and opportunity. The dream shall yet be realized. 
 
 w\ r; 
 
 % i 
 
 1 
 
 11 
 
 
 i'l 
 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 111 i 
 
home, in 
 h, and at 
 
 s after two 
 idy groves, 
 and roller- 
 1, the even- 
 ts, military 
 iris! 
 
 waiting for 
 be realized. 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 ;3 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 <«^/> T, J ^ GEORGE Washington. 
 
 from the Me.,eve, ^o.Jttx.i^^Z^^^ZZ 
 
 with a white-DilJarerl J..11 "^ ^'^^^^ "P> 
 
 , vvxiiLc pmared hall amon^ the trep<; wtu 
 
 Hall m the Grove," about which a book iTi" ^ 
 as everybodv calk i> ^ i ^- ^- ^- C. 
 
 The, Jo. :,r!Lr-r :^:rpL?Trr 
 
 th=y are there This em'atr" ""'' '° '° "''^" 
 of them, all know n7each "ttr °"'i ^''''' ''' '^"^'^ 
 together by some secret as,„.: ^"^ ^^PP^rently bound 
 power, They wear k-I '""°" *'"'='^ ^^' ^ cystic 
 of different ll"sanrf .1 °" '"■'"'" days, -badges 
 
 there is someth n/^'l"" Tl '^^^"^'- ^" ="' 'his 
 Thi= .. r , y. ^'"Sular and beautiful. 
 Th- Crcle ,s a company of pledged readers in 
 
 
I N 
 
 m 
 
 74 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 wide ranges of literature. The " Assembly " contains 
 people who listen. The " Circle " is made up of people 
 who read. The "Assembly" covers a few weeks. 
 The " Circle " casts its canopy over the year and the 
 years. The "Assembly" is at Chautauqua. The 
 "Circle" carries Chautauqua to the world's end,-— to 
 the east and to the west, to Canada, to Florida, to Scot- 
 land, to the Sandwich Islands, to India and Japan, to 
 Cape Colony, — everywhere. More than one hundred 
 thousand names are now on its record-books, and more 
 than half of them are pursuing with faithfulness one or 
 more of its prescribed courses. 
 
 The members of the "Circle" stand on a higher 
 plane than the visitors to the Assembly, because they 
 put will into the work. They read what they ought, 
 for months and years, everywhere, getting larger views 
 of the world, and worthier views of life, and nobler 
 dews of the race, and of God the Father of all. 
 
 The "Circle" takes a wide sweep in the world of 
 letters. Its themes are those of the college world. It 
 puts the preparatory and college curricula into good 
 readable English, and helps people out of college to 
 know what is going on there ; what the young people 
 study in histor-. language, and literature ; what authors 
 they read, and what estimate is to be placed on them 
 and their work. It gives glimpses of science, physical 
 and metaphysical, pointing down to the rocks and up to 
 the stars, and about to the fields and seas and the 
 forms of life in plant and animal. Whatever college 
 boys study, the " Circle " provides in some form and 
 degree for parents to read, that home and college may 
 be one in outlook and sympathy, in aim and delight. 
 
' " contains 
 p of people 
 few weeks, 
 jar and the 
 qua. The 
 3 end, — to 
 da, to Scot- 
 i Japan, to 
 le hundred 
 , and more 
 [less one or 
 
 1 a higher 
 cause they 
 hey ought, 
 irger views 
 md nobler 
 all. 
 
 2 world of 
 world. It 
 into good 
 college to 
 
 ang people 
 lat authors 
 i on them 
 e, physical 
 
 and up to 
 ; and the 
 er college 
 
 form and 
 liege may 
 elight. 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 75 
 
 The aim of the "Chautauoua Literary and Scientific 
 
 Circle IS thus set forth in all of its circulars: This 
 
 organization aims to promote habits of reading and 
 
 study m nature, art, science, and in secular and slcred 
 
 iterature, in connection with the routine of daily Hfe 
 
 (especially among those whose educational advanlagel 
 
 have been limited), so as to secure to them the colwe 
 
 student s general outlook upon the world and liL and 
 
 thinking. It encourages individual study in lines and 
 by text-books which shall be indicated ; by local crcTes 
 or mutual help and encouragement in such studie by 
 summer courses of lectures and ''students' ses ions^ 
 at^ Chautauqua; and by written reports and examina- 
 
 sJoot I ^cdlet"^'' fj^onet"' t '""'' ^ "'^^^ ^''^^ 
 , a ^^n^gQ tor one s own house. It is for hnc.r 
 
 people who left school years ago, and who de°L ^ 
 pursue some systematic course of instruction t is 
 for high-school and college graduates, for people who 
 
 chTt '"'"'t' ""'''• "'S'' ^^'^°°' - college for mer 
 chants, mechanics, apprentices, mothers, Msy ho^se 
 keepers, farmer-boys, shop-girls, and f;r people of 
 eisure and wealth who do not know what to do with 
 thar t^e. Many college graduates, ministers lawyers ■ 
 phys aans, and accomplished ladies are pur;uin7 he 
 course. They find the required books entertaining Ta 
 
 ™ 1 idf '"'"' ^ ^"^''^^"* -"-^ "f ^'- 'onl 
 
 ago a,d as-ae. ..everal of the members are over eighty 
 
 years o. age ; very few are under eighteen ^ 
 
 In the first chapter of this volume are presented fh. 
 
 Hmdamenta) doctrines on which the C.Ls C if,' 
 
 
 w 
 
^6 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 t < 
 
 I I ■ 
 
 ^^k' 
 
 m 
 
 
 , 
 
 HHv ii 
 
 
 The right of er^ery man and woman to all the educa- 
 tion they have capacity, will, and opportunity to attain ; 
 the educational possibilities of mind at its maturity; 
 the disciplinary value of every-day life, domestic and 
 commercial, promoting as these occupations do habits 
 of application and concentration, tending to the educa- 
 tion of the various faculties, and needing only to be 
 supplemented by direction and inspiration in order to 
 open a wider range of thought than is usually enjoyed 
 by "busy" people; the importance of utilizing spare 
 minutes in literary endeavor; the comprehensiveness 
 of the preparatory and college curricula, affording as 
 these do a glance at the varied world of literature, 
 science, and art. 
 
 The writer of these pages, in the early years of his 
 ministry felt the importance and saw the practicability 
 of providing a course of popular reading which should 
 open the college world to the people deprived of college 
 training. The student's "outlook " may be enjoyed by 
 those who have not been subjected to the student's 
 discipline. The discipline is far more valuable than 
 the outlook; but the latter is not to be lightly es- 
 teemed, since it is likely to lead to the other. It at 
 least brings the wide world of college thought so near 
 to the uneducated home, that that world is no longer 
 term incognita, and is more likely later on to be explored 
 and possessed by youth who but for the "outlook" 
 enjoyed by their parents would never have been en- 
 couraged or prepared to enter it at all. 
 
 Business men and mechanics, hard-working women 
 in kitchen, nursery, or shop, may turn to good account 
 the training-power of every-day service, and rejoice in 
 
the educa- 
 te attain ; 
 maturity ; 
 nestic and 
 do habits 
 the educa- 
 )nly to be 
 n order to 
 ly enjoyed 
 'Ang spare 
 msiveness 
 ■ording as 
 literature, 
 
 ars of his 
 cticability 
 ch should 
 of college 
 1 joyed by 
 student's 
 able than 
 ghtly es- 
 iT. It at 
 t so near 
 10 longer 
 explored 
 outlook " 
 been en- 
 
 g women 
 1 account 
 ejoice in 
 
 '4 
 
 
 r//£ CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 77 
 
 a glorious possession of truth to wliich they have as 
 much right as professional students, or "favorites of 
 fortune. 
 
 College men and women who do the best work 
 during the four years in the study of languages and 
 mathematics, need to supplement that quadrennium of 
 d'ggmg, ploughing, and preparing the soil, by sowinc 
 good seed wisely chosen and in abundance. The col 
 lege course does not give much knowledge. It gives 
 power. Its mission is to prepare the student to appro- 
 priate knowledge. He who drops his books when he 
 gains his parchment might almost as well never have 
 started in his educational course. The C L S C i 
 the after-school of the college. It encourages men and 
 women who have passed through the full curriculum 
 to review the field they have already surveyed; to r" 
 read in good English the studies of the seven years 
 and m doing this to sit by the side of less-favored' 
 neighbors, giving them needed help in an unpreten- 
 tK>us and unpatronizing way. It has been a source 
 of surprise and of pleasure to the managers of the 
 U U b. C, to see how many .ollege-graduates are en- 
 listed ,n It how faithful they are to the requirement 
 of the circle and how helpful to their fellow-student 
 No man so highly prizes the college as he who has 
 acquired an education without its direct aid And 
 
 hea,tily recognizes the possibilities of culture outside 
 
 ot he student from matriculation to mastership. He 
 we 1 knows that a man's power is not to be measured 
 by the opportunities outside of himself. Circumstances 
 
7S 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 II..' 
 
 I 
 if 
 
 ' 
 
 !( ; ! 
 
 r> 
 
 I >>- 
 
 vciikQ things : personal resolve makes men. The true 
 scholar remembers names, illustrious on the literary 
 lists, whose intellectual training did not come from 
 the schools, — Homer, Shakspere, Washington Irving, 
 Hugh Miller, Horace Greeley, Michael Faraday, Edward 
 Hitchcock, Herbert Spencer ; to say nothing of men of 
 our own day whose titles to fame are not won from any 
 college : Whipple, Trowbridge, Parton, Bayard Taylor, 
 Howells Cable, Gilder, Stoddard, and a host besides 
 One of the most important factors in college life is 
 to be found in the associations by which enthusiasm 
 IS excited, friendships fostered, and the individual made 
 to teel that he is part and parcel of a great institution, - 
 an institution that was before him, and that will be 
 when he is no more. Under its auspices are gathered 
 mto a blessed and perpetual unity, individuals from all 
 parts of the land, who, with him, look up to and bless 
 Ahna Mater. Songs are sung in her praise. Festive 
 days, observed from time immemorial, are still kept 
 sacred. He walks through the old groves, sings the 
 old songs, and follows precedents established by past 
 generations. In all this there is an appeal to senti- 
 ment by which the educational power of the institu- 
 tion is enhanced, and the student's life enriched The 
 "class-spirit," "society" life, college songs, games 
 ancient usages, are all important elements in college 
 power. 
 
 These elements of power are not lost when the 
 college goal is reached, and the student leaves the 
 classic halls. With the passing years, enthusiasm in- 
 creases. As he grows old, his heart grows more tender 
 at the memory of college customs and companionships. 
 
 ILi 
 
T. 
 
 The true 
 the literary 
 come from 
 ;ton Irving, 
 'ay, Edward 
 ? of men of 
 •n from any 
 ird Taylor, 
 )st besides, 
 liege life is 
 enthusiasm 
 idual made 
 titution, — 
 lat will be 
 e gathered 
 Is from all 
 
 and bless 
 ': Festive 
 
 still kept 
 
 sings the 
 :d by past 
 
 to senti- 
 le institu- 
 lied. The 
 s, games, 
 in college 
 
 when the 
 eaves the 
 isiasm in- 
 »re tender 
 lionships. 
 
 'Si 
 
 ■'I 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 79 
 
 The sense of the non-collegian's loss in this respect 
 s not apprecated by college n,en. In providing 
 the cultivation in the C T ^ r r.( ^u ^ ^viuin^ lor 
 
 .nake up the ../«> I '^ !f the c :ge Th\7 "''t, 
 
 but little conception of their power :nf:;iue "'"" 
 
 The appeal to sentiment was an experiment If it 
 
 vanced in years^-'n' wouT rot tt^ ^Z^:! :^ 
 
 ir:ortoT;rid^^^ 
 
 Pathy and affe":^^:; :!•;=:; rrsSt T 
 temporal circumstances and «op;»i ^"."'^^ '" ^Se. 
 
 the practical aims of the eirc i br"^ • T" ' ^''^" 
 warmed by device, a nnJr It brightened and 
 the social Lture? "^ ' "' Pagination and to 
 
 ces?' H^Tn T ^'' "'"'• ^"^ ^'' "O^ned with sue 
 arpted"riS^.XsrreX2r '" ^'-^ 
 
 sss^t^ stir '" =- ~ 
 
 music; badgesprenared 1 >' '°"^' "'""'" ='"'' ^^^ "> 
 erings,' alufn^rel „!' tunT^rT,'/' ^'^"■^^"'- 
 fires lighted All tZ!' """^."'^'''^^ ''e'd, and camp, 
 s^irea. /in these provisions of the r T c r- 
 have contributed to its power " rLI ^^ ,. *^- 
 at Chautauqua, and at the other l.^K, " .°'^" 
 g-t day of the annual gatherin; """'"' '^ '"^ 
 e C, L. S. C. was formally organized at Chautau. 
 
i ■ 9 
 
 j 
 
 'If ■ 
 
 I 
 
 80 
 
 TIIK CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMEXT. 
 
 m I 
 
 qua. on the loth of August, 1878. The importance of 
 the movement was recognized at the time. " The Daily 
 Assembly Herald " for Monday, Aug. 12, made editorial 
 allusion to the new departure in the following terms: — 
 '"The Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Circle' 
 (a beautiful name for a society which represents a 
 beautiful idea) will add strength to the great organi- 
 zation already effected in this grove. The design, as 
 explained in Dr. Vincent's lecture, which appears in 
 this paper, will commend it 1 > the favor of parents 
 and young people, scholars and professional men 
 everywhere. Already over seven hundred persons 
 have sent in their names as candidates for member- 
 ship in the C. L. S. C, which is not yet three days 
 old ; and already we hear individuals declarino- with 
 emphasis, 'We shall have a local C. L. S. C. organized 
 m our town very soon after the Assembly is over ' 
 Eminent men from the colleges and professions and 
 marts of trade have identified themselves witn this 
 new movement. Now, let every Chautauquan pres- 
 ent and absent read Dr. Vincent's lecture. In it he 
 states the nature and design of the Circle. . Every 
 educator and parent in the land should second his 
 efforts as mapped out here, because he seeks to re- 
 deem the young people of the country from the cor- 
 rupting influence of pernicious literature, which has 
 no tendency to lift them up intellectually or morally 
 This address will be an historical document in time 
 to come, and we trust the bold and daring prophecies 
 the doctor has made will be more than realized 
 Send in your names from near and from far, if you 
 are ready to become members of the Circle From 
 
T. 
 
 poitance of 
 'The Daily 
 cle editorial 
 g terms: — 
 ific Circle ' 
 presents a 
 eat organ i- 
 design, as 
 appears in 
 of parents 
 onal men, 
 d persons 
 r member- 
 three days 
 iring with 
 organized 
 ^ is over.' 
 jsions and 
 witii this 
 uan pres- 
 In it he 
 . . Every 
 ;cond his 
 eks to re- 
 1 the cor- 
 ^hich has 
 ■ morally, 
 t in time 
 "ophecies 
 realized. 
 Lr, if you 
 '. From 
 
 '■i^ 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. g, 
 
 present indicaHons before we come to Chautauqua 
 m ,879, wc shall have two thousand names eiuolled 
 With this new and useful, practical and popl; 
 departure, C.autauqua will put on new life ' ^ 
 The opening meeting of the C I S r ,., 
 
 in '-The Assembly Hefald-for'A^'t^arfXr!:: 
 th. P V ^^ ^^ ""'■"'"S' ^"S- '°' «t ten o'clock in 
 
 nte.i:;" f°";hrrJ:'"' ''^ '"'^^' """"^ "-'-e "> 
 
 Circ e This , ^'-'^""""^ '"''-"y -^ Scientiric 
 Lircle. This is a new organization, for the purpose 
 of spreading r^ e fully the Chautauqua idea and pro 
 viding for the Chautauquans a ,-ourL of tiidfto be" 
 pursued during the interim of the Assemblies as well 
 as whi e the Assembly is in session. The Interet 
 taken in the movement vas manifested by a„ a tend 
 
 parTandir "'f """'^^ "^ P-ilfon in evty 
 part, and large numbers stood on the outside the waif 
 
 curtains being lifted so that the speakers oullbe 
 
 seaTedT v"^ "''■^"'°"- °" '^e platform were 
 seated Dr. Vincent and Bishop R. S Foster Zt 
 
 ™any other distinguished educators .and ter Two 
 hT:,lr'^'?h °' ''''"^"' ''en.mi'nal::; Tn 
 
 ^^^^^^r:^.z^- "^^ follow. 
 
 (The address given on the occasion by the author of 
 
 tt .S7t;:rS '-'- '"'' -' -"^^^<^ 
 
 uced. It ,s microscope and telescope to the man 
 
 !S 
 

 ^> 
 
 IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
 s^ 
 
 4 
 
 
 w 
 
 £^ 
 
 
 1.0 
 
 I.I 
 
 I^i2.8 
 
 m 
 
 KS I 
 
 126 
 
 4.0 
 
 11:2'? Ill 1.4 
 
 2.5 
 
 Eli 
 
 M 
 
 1.8 
 
 1.6 
 
 <^ 
 
 
 Pnotopaphic 
 
 Sciences 
 Corporation 
 
 
 '^ 
 
 4^ 
 
 n\ 
 
 V 
 
 \ 
 
 33 WEST MAIN STREET 
 
 WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 
 
 (716) S72-4503 
 
 
 cS^ 
 
o 
 
 V.J 
 
83 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 Who possesses it. In the scheme of redemption GoH 
 has connected all grace and spiritual poweritTnow, 
 
 I „^^' ^ c '" ^'■''^' ^"'I '" *« knowledge of our 
 Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ " 
 
 Provisions are made in human society for growth in 
 knowledge. A high estimate is placed u^pon ft Even 
 the .gnorant look up with awe to the men who knlw 
 and always the knowing men have advantage In eve^ 
 community there are four classes of people ^ 
 
 First, those who are born into large intellectual on 
 portumties. to whom the vast realm^f know d'efs" 
 pomted out at the very beginning of life Homfai 
 thonty directs them towards it, home example inspires ■ 
 hem to enter it. I felt, a few weeks ago, a, I stoodfn 
 
 SvTL^r' r"^^'"^ ^hadow'of Westm t 
 
 en ,tsi"4t::i;^^ •'IT f T "-'^''-y-^- 
 
 -l,,f w "^"* '^'"' "■ -A boy looks upon the walls of 
 chat Westminster school, and reads the name of his 
 great-great-great-great-grandfather, who in '526 was ' 
 graduate from this Westminster school. In succeiror 
 every generation, all the way down to two or three 
 
 haTthri'it" ■"""''" " ">^' "''• Tne family ^h'h 
 has the literary taste, the hereditarv influence T. 
 
 is^he home thatrtL;LT:„;:red:ntsn\i 
 
 atmosphere of these homes tends largely to the awak 
 
 Edultio ""' '"'" ^"' P-poses^in^the children 
 Education is systematically sought. Time is specmed 
 
 tl^Zlir^f '"^""^ ^'^ ^-P'-'y-'. books and 
 every needed apphance are procured for the use of thZ 
 
 pupils. Rivalry in the class-room, from the ^lll!; 
 
 ) 
 
TJf£ CHAUTAUQUA MOVEAfENT. gj 
 
 characteri.es the \ZL s^ o ^ithT"" f ^"^ 
 course; the high school, with its sole ti '""P'""'' 
 the college, with its four years - trr.'"""^"'"'" ' 
 zeal and energy of the sfudent I f '"""'^^ '^^ 
 so few of the sons and daughters nf '"P"^'" *« 
 
 families, and of those fa2 I ,"■ ""'' '^"Hivated 
 and the intelligence have" t"' '''='""«' *« "^"""-^ 
 
 found enteringiee;ile« aid "' '•"°"^^»' «'« 
 course. The man m»v Prosecuting the college 
 
 his son to thinTatT'" rifn V r ^ ^"^ ="-- 
 
 of dSlTL'^'ror them'T ""^ ""<^" *"« -cessity 
 vided. 'Even ThlfhlttrnTl't'''''"'""''^ '^ P™ 
 parents have no SDecialLn L ^'^'^ '""^^ «">ere 
 
 school provides tasTs and ettrs'" tT.^- *^ """'"^ 
 is limited, and but r»..i ^^^<=''«fs- But this education 
 
 school to'g:t\'ni^jj:xi'rt ?'"- ^« '° 
 
 winning : no more ^ ''^''^ '^'l •"'ead- 
 
 ^'/Se inXru:ftr Sre^^r; "T^''^ 
 
 si^rs:tehr^^^^^^^^^ 
 
 view, feel the neceslit; Lt' '"bvVh 't, ' ^''^ 
 our own right hand, and what b^ain „' ' ''"P' *"'' 
 W.11 attain what cJlture we can TJ T ''"'' ^^ 
 working fellows manage t^..^ .^ ^^ """'^ ''^^d- 
 %ht their way „n ,nfo ' ^ ""^'^ "^^''^g^' They 
 wealth pass thorough X cX^i l^"' "'"^ ^'""-" "^ 
 
 ^--nheaufho:!;rwS;sirtt;.t^r 
 
II rni 
 
 :; 
 
 |i! ! 
 
 84 
 
 T//E CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 brave souls that feed on plain fare, and make no great 
 show in society, work their way up into places of power 
 and are the intellectual heroes of our time. And there 
 are those who, not having enjoyed the opportunities of 
 college, and not having had the inspiration early enough, 
 in the later years acquire culture by some means or 
 other, determined to have intellectual power as their 
 privilege and as the heritage of their children 
 
 Fourth, There are those born under the necessity to 
 which I have referred, who lack the vision at the begin- 
 ning ; who reed help and stimulus in the acquisition of 
 personal culture. They go into a trade early in life 
 They early go into family life, and find it too late to go 
 back from business into the school. But these need 
 culture as parents, as citizens, as members of the 
 church, as workers in the various departments of 
 church activity, -culture as immortal souls, who by 
 dint of perseverance here would carry a certain measure 
 of intellectual force into the life eternal. Many of these 
 men acquire property, and pass, through the power of 
 property into larger social spheres ; for, as a general 
 rule, with property goes culture. And as these men 
 come up through dint of hard work into a larger sphere 
 and among intellectual people, they feel a certain em' 
 barrassment, as they mingle with the better class of 
 society,— an embarrassment which arises from their 
 early lack, and their want of familiarity with the world 
 of art, of science, and of letters. These people are the 
 very^ones who deplore their lack of early opportunities, 
 and become discouraged. The field is so vast to them, 
 that they do not know what to do, what to read, where 
 to begin. They have no teachers ; they have no facili- 
 
 ^.\ 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 ties ; they have 
 
 8S 
 
 no stimulus. And Ltllwhi;" ''"rt"?'"''- *^^ "-"^ 
 of society for whLh^o nl • """" "''^ ""^^^ ^""o" 
 of inte. Actual culture Xrs":"r'': "^ "'^ ""^ 
 ing their intelleetual forces o«r ™'^'''""- 
 
 reading wealc, dissipating, cheap ?emJr"^, ^^"^^^ ^'' 
 literature. You see mothers^lrh ''' ^""P""^ 
 evening with cheap ten cent pTpfrtn'd" ' T"'''' 
 which they propose to while awav ^ ."°^'''' "'*'' 
 coming Sabbath They lave aTv I , °"''' °^ "'^ 
 nobody directs or cor'/ctsT Th. ^ '°'"^*i"g.- 
 tastes and desires ■ and L \-,T ^ ^°"°"' *^''' ""-n 
 the atmosphere of 'tha hn„ ^J" "' ^''"'Sht up in 
 and sufferLg the sln^ iTJ-rf'"' ''" ^^"^ "ooks. 
 not the wors^t of it Tntoti^t ,'''""" ^'°"- '^'''' '= 
 non-studious part of sodetv ,\ '■^'' ""^"'«^^t^d. and 
 which threatens the verv fl^' Tj" '"""' ^" ^'™«"t 
 of religious life, -the nl°,f'°"^ f ''"'"^ "f- and 
 cism, in books tracts anr7 ™' °^ "'°^^™ »^epti- 
 
 of a negative theory oaLTlTir^.;" '''^ '"'"-' 
 
 Now, here are the fou assef Ti^" '° '=°"'^- 
 wh.ch I have now to present tr "^S^^i^^t'on 
 
 aims to reach uolift inf ^''"■' "Consideration 
 
 class of the co^'^unitv " V T' ^"^"'^'^ '^at large 
 which no proWsTon isL"' "f "^ ^"''"«. ^ut for 
 tlonal institution The „ame7"'"^ "' "^ -'' ^<^"«- 
 
 ■■^ the "ChautauqtrLUe^a.f a"?'."'"''''"^"'"«^^ 
 which aims to give the ll^i ^ Scientific Circle," 
 
 'he world of thought bv th. f.-'^''^''^ °""'""' "P"" 
 
 'ure and science ft the r.."'? °^ ^""^^^ "^ litera- 
 
 -tion of syllab? of ksreTI l'°t' '^ '"^ ^^^P^ 
 
 progress, and by corresoond.n ''^7"«en reports of 
 
 } correspondence with professors of the 
 
I; 1 1 
 
 Ki 
 
 ■■ Mi 
 
 86 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 several departments, who shall consent to occupy the 
 chairs to which we shall invite them. I hold in my 
 hand the outlines of the plan of the Chautauqua Literary 
 and Scientific Circle. I have been assisted in its prepa- 
 ration by two eminent and cultivated men, whose judg- 
 ment, scholarship, and practical wisdom will commend 
 the scheme to your favorable consideration. 
 
 [Having presented the outlines, the speaker con- 
 tinued,] 
 
 Chautauqua is to be the centre of this course of 
 study. Lectures are here to be delivered. Students' 
 sessions, as at this series of meetings, will be held from 
 year to year. I foresee a laboratory. I foresee a tele- 
 scope, belonging to Chautauqua. I foresee a depart- 
 ment of microscopy. I foresee a valuable library of 
 scientific and religious works. I foresee a museum of 
 art. I have already staked out a charming grove into 
 which we shall come in a few evenings, — those of us 
 who are willing to accept the proposed course of study, 
 — and in what we shall call "St. Paul's Grove" we shall 
 find a centre for our students of nature, art, science, 
 and the most holy Word. We shall constitute the 
 blessed brotherhood of the " Chautauqua Literary and 
 Scientific Circle." We look forward to the orf .iza- 
 tion all over the country, of local circles, with libraries, 
 where a few persons may come together, and if they 
 are not able each to purchase all the books which shall 
 be read in the four-years' course, a fund may be raised, 
 and the books be loaned, and one after another read. 
 Circles may be organized for reading together aloud 
 many of these books. The detailed plans of this 
 organization will be hereafter presented. 
 
fENT. 
 
 to occupy the 
 I hold in my 
 tauqua Literary 
 :ed in its prepa- 
 en, whose judg- 
 i will commend 
 on. 
 I speaker con- 
 
 this course of 
 red. Students' 
 ill be held from 
 [ foresee a tele- 
 resee a depart- 
 lable library of 
 e a museum of 
 ning grove into 
 , — those of us 
 ourse of study, 
 xrove" we shall 
 e, art, science, 
 constitute the 
 a Literary and 
 > the orf aza- 
 , with libraries, 
 er, and if they 
 Dks which shall 
 may be raised, 
 r another read, 
 together aloud 
 plans of this 
 
 ™E CHAUTAUQUA MOVEME^VT. g^ 
 
 fesso. of depart J„t:„f,r;-P-fce with pj 
 ports will be made by those wL ^ "°'"'''>' '^- 
 Local institutions, hU cwis '''?' '" "'^ '"«'y- 
 with their courses of lectures t" '"""'' ' '°"'^" 
 tribute towards the assTst!n!- ■!" "'"^ "^^^^ <=°"- 
 
 the vicinity, propose toTur^e ^h /e!" ^^"^ '^-S '" 
 time the student reaches the t . '"- ^"'' "^^ *« 
 year he will be able to Z " r fi!!'?"'"^ °^ "'^ *''" 
 in the line of natural science >' sav nf T^ '""'"' ■■"" 
 your consent, members of he flcultl TT """" "^^ 
 ogy my specialty for the ~„^!- ^' """ ""'^^ g«<>'- 
 that case, where the spedaitv "?'"! '"° ^^^"•" I" 
 wishes to prosecute a mo tL'^rP'"' '"' *« ■»«" 
 such provision will be made t T^ '""'^ "^ ^^''ding. 
 Here are some of thf i ' ^^^ommodation. 
 
 «on: Itwindevel^'hSerari^ir "' '''' °^^--- 
 mental power; exalt home W^ ' '"^'^^ ^ '"^«ase 
 
 home-help in public-schorstudL^'"^"^ '""°"'^ ^"^ 
 .nto reading circles. It wil "otnt .T""'"^'"'"« 
 our modern popular pernTc Lr?"'" *' '"""^--^^ of 
 »d enrich the daily"^ ™ "^ "'"'' ^""^ ^^«'« 
 people. It will bring he mn ^'""', '"^ hard-working 
 contact with the lesf schohrlv '""''^ P^°P'« '"'o 
 ciation of science a„H ? f ^' P™"""^ ^ true appre- 
 
 Weandpower^fVcnS 'Vm j"^ ^P'"^'-' 
 
 glorified in the man whose he. rf ''"""''^^Se becomes 
 
 [The speaker answered thrl-' "°"^^"««d to God. 
 
 -'»dy based upon Ts Tuperficia" fvl" S '" '^ P'^" "^ 
 
 and so is any coll^o-^ "Pernciaiity.J Superficial it is 
 
 stands at the Vote'? .r^io '"""'■ ^'^ '^y ^^o 
 
 h.s senior year, on Commence- 
 
 iij 
 
ss 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 ment Day, to receive his parchment and whatever 
 honors belong to him, who does not feel that his whole 
 course has been superficial, will not be likely to suc- 
 ceed in the after-struggle of life. But superficiality is 
 better than absolute ignorance. It is better for a man 
 to take a general survey, to catch somewhere a point 
 that arrests him ; for the man who never takes a survey 
 never catches the point in which dwell the possibili- 
 ties of power for him. By this superficial view he 
 develops taste and power. When you sow seed, it is 
 not the weight of the seed put into the soil that tells, 
 but it is the weight of the harvest that comes after. 
 
 Let me give you a fact concerning Prof. Joseph 
 Henry, of the Smithsonian Institute: "As a boy he 
 was an inveterate novel-reader, until at sixteen an Eng- 
 lish book of scientific lectures happened to fall into his 
 hands. He was so interested in it, that the owner pre- 
 sented it to him, and he kept it ever afterwards among 
 his treasures. On the fly-leaf is written this paragraph, 
 written by him in 1837: 'This book, although by no 
 means a profound work, has, under Providence, exerted 
 a remarkable- influence upon my life. It accidentally 
 fell into my hands when I was about sixteen years old, 
 and was the first book, with the exception of books of 
 fiction, that I ever read with attention. It opened to 
 me a new world of thought and enjoyment, invested 
 things almost unnoticed with the highest interest, fixed 
 my mind on the study of nature, and caused me to 
 resolve, at the time of reading it, that I would devote 
 my life to the acquisition of knowledge.' " 
 
 Suppose our Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Cir- 
 cle had dropped that book into the hands of the boy 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA AfOyE^fE.VT. ^ 
 
 Joseph Henry, where is your learnprl . t 
 '0 say, "Ah, that is Aoir^g ZlZ t^'^ ''°' ""> '' 
 work"? When I place wi^nf ^'"^"^ »"P"ficial 
 into the hands of a^hou' nd v ^''"'' ^^'^ ^ooks 
 
 this land, with a prescribed "^'"^'''P^°P'«-er 
 study, first to discover h^'peclTn ^ '""'"^ ^"^ 
 inspire them to prosecut T ^°^"- ^"'' *en to 
 
 direction, who wi/dartrL;trtTa°i T'' '" '"^^ 
 cial work ? ^ ^^ ^ ^^ ^oing superfi- 
 
 spiim: "lufrwu" "'"'^ ""^^ -' p™-te 
 
 n>ent originally eltSHr dr'tio^^^" ^P" 
 and now existing under the auspices of a ^ T'"'"^'' 
 association." Away with thk i / Sunday-school 
 AH things that are kgTtil e are / r"^""^ "' '^ings ! 
 intellect belongs to l^Zl t .'"'^ '■'""^" 
 h™. And when I see ohn W '^"'"vated for 
 
 to save souls, sitting down t" ^ tt^HT '^^ "'"^ ^^^' 
 «nd Greek grammars, aid Fren ^^''* ^^^""'^"' 
 
 see John Wesley takin" Sh^r ^'^'^"''''' ' ^''<=" I 
 seiecting, ^^r-..^,!^,^ ^^^^^^P^V^, and ,„ 
 
 them into the hands of ..^, "^ ^ ^ ^^ ^^"^ci put 
 
 When I see what John Clev Z^" !°' ''^'^ -""- • 
 secular culture among hfsn^ V^^ Promotion of 
 broad as well as intenfe - 17 ' '''' '"^^ "'sht be 
 heresy that a man is steDDint mT"' '^"'^>' «''"' 'he 
 
 ->< as a Christian mLri?:trt''^ '^^''™^'^ 
 all secular nature into an alt.r7. .u , '^'"^ "> '"™ 
 
 I -net a friend in Eurlf / *' ^'^''^ "^ God ! 
 to me as I described thsCha, ^ "'"'^ ="«"■ -l^" ^^'d 
 entific Circle, "I w 1 p senf""""' ^'"'''''y ^^<i Sei- 
 
 ---canprocr-:^uCrri:irLte-r 
 
90 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 % 
 
 
 !i! 
 
 
 I'l i 
 
 silk woven for it in France. I will have the design 
 painted upon it in Italy." And we selected, after con- 
 sultation, the motto for our banner, — the motto, the 
 watchword of our Chautauqua Literary and Scientific 
 Society. It is as follows : " We study the Word and 
 THE Works of God." And last year, when my ven- 
 erable friend Dr. Vail came into this tent, and sitting 
 down here, in the competitive examination, picked up 
 the fifty questions, and wrote his answers to them, as 
 he passed in his examination-papers to me, I shall never 
 forget how he looked, and how his voice trembled, as 
 he bade me good-by, not knowing that he should ever 
 return ; he said to me (and I have taken this as the 
 second motto for the Chautauqua Literary and Scien- 
 tific Circle), ; " Let us keep our Heavenly Father 
 IN THE Midst." 
 
 In our studies in the school that is to be, let us keep 
 the thought of our Father in the midsit of nature, the 
 thought of our Father in the midst of literature, and 
 the thought of our Father in every-day life. 
 
 So this "every-day college," this Chautauqua Literary 
 and Scientific Circle, will grow. It must grow. I have 
 had a few- candidates present their names. I do not 
 know how many. If we have ten to begin with, I shall 
 think it quite a success. We shall invite people all 
 over the United States to unite with us. We shall 
 not make it expensive ; we shall not actually require 
 a pilgrimage to Chautauqua, although we shall greatly 
 aid and inspire those who do come. But student-lamps 
 will be trimmed on many a little table over this land 
 the coming winter. F'ellowships will be formed. The 
 thought that we are one, engaged in a common pur- 
 
THE CHAUTAUQl/A AfOVEMENr, 
 pose of culture for God's dorv will k i 
 shall return to Chautauqua year at^t "' '"l"* 
 and alumni in ,he Chauluqu'alite /all' T'"''": 
 Circle, proud of our Al,„a MaZTZl Zt ™i"^' 
 exalt and honor her wherever we 1 ^""'"'"«'' '" 
 And now, a few words to thn«:f- «,!,« 
 
 names to the blanks whieh wi , bed.str^'f' V'^" 
 the close of this service T. T \ distributed before 
 
 to undertake the coul e plnis^h 1' "h "' °'''' ""'' >^^"' 
 finish on earth. Vrare'irinTdTo 17/^^1' 
 not beheve m the idea of people getting old ^ ' '° 
 
 See a man sixty, seventy, or eighty years old W., 
 will call a man eighty years old L ii ^''° 
 
 is destined to live forever n 1/ ""''' '''''" ''' 
 
 admire the record of Th. ff'^"" °^ ^"^ ' ' 
 
 studying Lat^ L ty leaTs'of a "^", "?° "^^^^ 
 
 spirit of the man who sayf-Too oW ^ M "'""' "^^ 
 while my heart beats, and I'have Te hi "" '°° "''' 
 and God's great Book open beflre me ? °^"''^^^' 
 
 Howglad I should be if I shn„M'fl„i ■ , , 
 year.,, that more boys and p-irk ^ '" ""^ ^"'"'■<= 
 
 schools and univer ^ e " ec u^ o7 tfe'"' '°, °" '"^'' 
 line received here at Chautauqua ,1„V7'' '" *'^ 
 
 With all your getting, get undeT andfng' L^Llrn 
 
 Hfe about Ur::^:'^^:^^^^^-^''' 
 
 marvellous records of the ear L k !. ""^^ '" "'« 
 
93 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA AfOVEAfENT. 
 
 V> III 
 
 A\ :ii! 
 
 lilj 
 
 liii 
 
 "J' 
 m 
 
 m 
 
 V' n 
 
 The harder the struggle, the brighter the crown. Go 
 on! Have faith and holy purpose. Go on to know and 
 iviil, to (fo and be ; and when outward circumstances 
 discourage, trample the circumstances under foot. Be 
 master of circumstances, like the king that God has 
 called you to be. 
 
 " I see a youth whom God has crowned with power. 
 And cursed with poverty. With bravest heart 
 He struggles with his lot through toilsome years, 
 Kept to his task by daily want of bread, 
 And kept t > virtue by his daily task ; 
 Till, gaining manhood in the manly strife. 
 The fire that fills him smitten from a flint. 
 The strength that arms him wrested from a fiend, 
 He stands at last a master of b-nself, 
 And in that grace a master of his kind." 
 
 God give you such hearts, such toil, such triumphs, 
 and give you such masterhood, as shall one of these 
 days place you among the kings and priests of a re- 
 deemed and purified universe ! [Great applause.] 
 
 At the close of Dr. Vincent's address. Rev. M. L. 
 Williston of Jamestown, N.Y., read the following poem, 
 written for the occasion by Miss Mary A. Lathbury, of 
 New York, entitled 
 
 LIGHT. 
 
 Jerusalem the olden, 
 
 Asleep among her hills, 
 Hath many a dream prophetic 
 
 The waking world fulfils, — 
 Her pride and desolation ; 
 
 Her bondage and her tears ; 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEAfK.XT. 
 
 Her dream of battles, Hashing 
 
 Across the lurid years 
 A light on cross and crescent, 
 
 And on the knightly throngs 
 Who wage our bloodless battles 
 
 To the old Crusader's songs 
 For all that is — ay, even 
 
 The texture of a dream — 
 Is wrought in wondrous pattern 
 
 Beneath the things that seem; 
 Until His hand, who cometh 
 
 And maketh "all things new" 
 Shall lift the veil that gave us 
 
 But "figures of the true." 
 
 Within the Holy City, 
 Beneath a pagan dome, 
 
 Once every year " the Faithful " 
 In thronging thousands come ; 
 With faces raised, exalted, 
 
 In each uplifted hand 
 A taper yet unlighted, 
 
 A silent host they stand, 
 With eyes of expectation 
 Upon the vaulted wall, 
 Whence, from the blue above it 
 
 The holy fire shall fall. 
 And when at last, descending. 
 
 They mark the floating flame, 
 A thousand hands are lifted 
 
 In holy Allah's name ; 
 And blessed he whose taper, 
 First kindling in the glow' 
 Of that descending marvel, 
 Shall lend its light, and so 
 From hand to hand, from torch 
 
 To taper in its flight. 
 The sacred fire of heaven 
 Has spread, and all is light. 
 
 93 
 
 m 
 
 If; 
 
-^'■: 
 
 94 
 
 !i!l 
 
 m 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT, 
 
 Jerusalem the olden 
 
 Sleeps like a stagnant stream : 
 To her the failing of the fire 
 
 Is but a fitful dream. 
 And if across her vision 
 
 Unholy hands have tossed 
 Unholy fire, to kindle 
 
 A pagan Pentecost, 
 No less is ours the glory 
 
 And gladness of that sight ; 
 Not less to us the promise 
 
 Of the coming of the Light. 
 
 O friends whose hope and longing 
 
 Outrun the years, to meet 
 That age whose coming footsteps 
 
 Are heard in every street ! 
 You in whose eyes the shining 
 
 Of love and faith is set. 
 To light dark souls who wander 
 
 Along the lowlands yet ; 
 Think not because the hill-tops 
 
 A\-e glowing in the dawn. 
 Thai: glory cometh only 
 
 iVith the coming of the morn. 
 God shineth in the darkness : 
 
 And through the rayless skies. 
 Because his voice hath called them, 
 
 A thousand s;ars shall rise. 
 And if from the mid-heavens 
 
 A light above the sun 
 Shall fall with sudden glory. 
 The light is still but one ; 
 For that which over Bethlehem 
 
 And o'er Damascus shone. 
 Shines in the world's fair dawning. 
 And the rainbow round the throne. 
 
 Illl; 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVE ME I\ 
 
 O friends and brothers, gathered 
 
 Around the open Word, 
 The heavens are rent above us 
 With the glory of the Lord ' 
 No eye of sense may see it, 
 
 No human hand aspire 
 To lay on earthly altars 
 
 That pure immortal fire • 
 B.'t to the heart that waiteth. 
 
 To eyes athirst for light 
 Descends the blessed vision, 
 
 And there is "no more night ' " 
 Then each to each transmitting ' 
 ^Z^^ ^'Sht, the life, the truth, 
 What wonder if the beauty 
 And the glory of a youth 
 Born of spirit, and eternal, 
 
 Shme o'er all the earth again, 
 And the Bride, the hol> city 
 Of the heavens, is with men 1 
 
 T. 
 
 95 
 
 Humanity is lifting 
 
 Her waiting face to Cod, 
 And in her hand she beareth 
 
 The old divining-rod 
 Which sprang in early Eden,— 
 
 A scion of that tree 
 Whose fruit might only ripen 
 
 With earth's maturity. 
 With it the old magicians 
 ,,,P"" «°"ght to touch the stars, 
 \^ hen Science groped for knowledge 
 
 Behmd her prison-bars; 
 Across it creeds and systems 
 Have stumbled to their fall ; 
 To win it, men and nations 
 Have staked and lost their all 
 
 \u 
 
96 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 :t ill!! 
 
 
 Religion, weak and weary, 
 
 Cast as a broken reed 
 The rod of knowledge from her, 
 
 And leaned upon her creed. 
 But, dawning o'er the ages, 
 
 The Light and Life of God 
 Have stirred with spring-time pulses 
 
 The world's divining-rod ; 
 And she — the human — standing 
 
 Upon her latest height, 
 Bears it with eyes of patience 
 
 Uplifted to the light. 
 And lo ! the rod has budded, 
 
 To blossom, as of old 
 The rod of Aaron blossomed 
 
 Beside the ark of gold ! 
 No longer through the shadows 
 
 She seeketh for a sign ; 
 She needeth not her wise men. 
 
 Her oracles divine. 
 The Life of God is shining 
 
 Upon her where she stands ; 
 And, leaf by leaf unfolding 
 
 Within her reverent hands, 
 The earth and seas and heavens 
 
 Disclose her secrets old. 
 And every force of Nature 
 
 Reveals its heart of gold ! 
 Now knoweth she the answer 
 
 That ends the schoolmen's strife, — 
 That knowledge bears no blossom 
 Till quickened by the Life. 
 
 O holy, holy city ! 
 
 The Life of God with men ! 
 Descending out of heaven 
 
 To ne'er ascend again. 
 O Light — O Life immortal! 
 
 One sea above, below ! 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. ^^ 
 
 If unto us be given 
 
 That blessed thing, - to know, - 
 Hope s beatific vision 
 
 And Faith s prophetic sight 
 Shall die before the fulness 
 Of that unclouded Light. 
 
 After the reading of the noem n. \r 
 
 "In the preparation'fo. t,': iZn.nt'o.^^Tl hf '' 
 consulted some of the mncf ^ occasion, 1 have 
 
 educators of the cotntrv anH'/"'"''' '"" P^^«'=«' 
 . , , ^ country, and from a number of a;„ 
 
 tmguished gentlemen I have received I^Z ! 
 to this movement." received letters relating 
 
 The letters were then read bv Rev H w i»7 
 D.D., of Philadelphia, who prefaced t^. i^'"t"' 
 saying, "These letter; being'^wrft el to Dr" v'""^ '^ 
 some of them are naturally cfmp.im ntary fo h.^"" He 
 thought best to leave out those portions. ^I n^ Z th=^ 
 
 l: ::ul^^ i ^nrerbi't-hr • -' "-^^ ^-^^^^^^ 
 
 .he letters had a'Sht .; hartlrreld^^lhir " 
 and so they shall be read. [Applause T Of ^ ' 
 is expected that the press woumT.!, ■" """"^ " 
 
 ■ike this ; so I bring ^u h^le 1 „f "?■ '"'^^P"^^ 
 all, -an editor you Ce often u ^''"'"' ''"' °f 
 
 large head and aTittle bodv buf" "'"' ^'* ^ ^^"^ 
 heart the Rev. Lyl'^t ^ V»~f '-^e 
 
 tian Union," New York. ^ ^^"^- 
 
 
 ■ til 
 
 1) 
 
 " The Knoll." Cornwall-on-thh-Hudson, 
 July 25, 1878. 
 
 Tlyr .»"•/ *3j 1070. 
 
 My dear Dr ViNrPMT V , 
 
 not in the least I ,rnS ~ u" ''"^'" "^ J"')' 'o did 
 least surprise me, because all your friends 
 
 m 
 
I, 
 
 lliil 
 ilk 
 
 iiilii 
 
 ! 
 
 98 
 
 r//E CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 have learned to expect surprises from you : nothing is 
 unexpected except the expected. 
 
 Chautauqua proves its right to be called immortal, 
 by continually growing larger and better. 
 
 Your plan for making it a university for the year, in- 
 stead of a mere summer university, is worthy of the 
 spirit of Methodism, which is certainly ubiquitous if 
 not omnipresent. 
 
 It seems to me if you can lay out such plans of study, 
 particularly in the departments of practical science, as 
 will fit our boys and young men in the mining, manu- 
 facturing, and agricultural districts, to become, in a true 
 though not ambitious sense of the term, scientific and 
 intelligent miners, mechanics, and farmers, you will have 
 done more to put down strikes and labor-riots than an 
 army could ; and more to solve the labor problem than 
 will be done by the Babel-builders of a hundred labor- 
 reform conventions. 
 
 You have my heartiest sympathies, and my most 
 earnest good wishes, in this new endeavor to preach 
 the gospel, which includes, as Christ defines it, *' open- 
 ing the eyes of the blind," as well as setting free the 
 captive. 
 
 Yours very sincerely, LYMAN ABBOTT. 
 
 Dr. Warren said, "There is another class of men from 
 whom we shall expect indorsement ; that is, the theo- 
 logical professors. I bring you one from a man, black 
 hair, dark-complexioned, but full of fire as if he were 
 covered with a crown of gold. I refer to Dr. Town- 
 send, of Boston University, whom you have often 
 heard." 
 
 I 
 
N ABBOTT. 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT on 
 
 , _ , Boston, July 30, 1878. 
 
 Mv DEAR Vincent, -Your plan for the promotion 
 of Christian culture in art, science, and literatureTmor 
 the masses of the American people, strikes me aHnf 
 of the grandest conceptions of the nineteenth century 
 The so-called common people of our country are shoT 
 ing themselves ripe and qualified for such cu Itu e a^' 
 
 t"heTte:f "'sll ''f '"'" '" ^"^ -"P-hens-rn' o 
 the latest results of scientific research. I predict for 
 
 the movement great success and grand results 
 
 Would not the Atlantic coast be an excellent nl». 
 for such a school ? excellent place 
 
 Very truly yours, L. T. TOWNSEND 
 
 Hodge, of Princeton." • ■^• 
 
 Mv DEAR Dr. Vincent, -I am delighted to hear of 
 your movement for increasing the influence for good 
 of your Chautauqua Assembly. The scheme iJ . / ^ 
 one, and only needs, to assur^ its sue cess"h"t eSt 
 admmistration which has so eminently chlracteriredT, 
 
 'Z^tT '^'"''^^^' -tur^are theThere 
 n which God exercises his perfections, through whTch 
 they are manifested to us. All human knowledge slould 
 be comprehended in the one system of which St 
 the centre, and illuminated with the light of revelattn 
 
 and it?:: '""'" ''"'' ^'" ^PP-^ -ore' certai y vC' 
 and Its sphere more complete, when it is viewed in aU 
 
 s;: "S T 'tH^ ^'"^' °' '''' '" "-^" -" 
 
 V viaence. Truth is the great insu-.ment by which 
 
 M 
 
ICX) 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 j 1 
 
 the God of light works, and the whole truth is the only 
 pure truth. We need all the broad lights and all the 
 side lights to sweep away the shadows in which alone 
 scepticism and superstition lurk. The workers in the 
 Christian Church, above all others, need this compre- 
 hensive illumination. As dispensers of the light of God 
 as It shines in the face of Jesus Christ, they should cul- 
 tivate the faculty of casting that light abroad over all 
 his works, and thus, making the entire universe his tem- 
 ple irradiate it with his glory. May God guide you, 
 and crown all the endeavors with which he inspires you 
 with complete success. 
 
 Yours sincerely, A.A.HODGE. 
 
 Dr. Warren. ~ " Now I bring you a letter fragrant 
 with the breezes of the Berkshire hills, full of the ozone 
 of those forests, as the atmosphere is full of the ozone 
 of this forest. I refer to the letter of Arthur Gilman." 
 
 Lanesborough, Berkshire Co., Mass., 
 July 25, 1878. 
 
 My dear Sir, — Your letter in which you bring to 
 my attention your plan for a Literary and Scientific 
 Circle at Chautauqua has found me here, having been 
 forwarded from Cambridge. 
 
 I have learned the details of your plan with interest 
 
 1 here are many who have not the advantage of the 
 
 home circle, nor the stimulus of a literary atmosphere, 
 
 to whom you can in the way you propose give a start in 
 
 the way upward. 
 
 Your fears of "superficiality" do not trouble me 
 For your course will probably aim rather to direct the 
 mind toward the way in which you wish it to develop 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT, ,or 
 
 ^^e^-ne . cea. cu.o.t, t^r t^n ^i^^ 
 When once you have given the mind a start anrf 
 
 beiieve that so.ethin^g .0^!;;^,?;: ereTter ^^"'^ 
 I thanlc you for letting me Jcnow your plans and «hnii 
 be mterested to learn of their success, for wMch Jlook 
 Smcerely yours, art-hur oilman. 
 
 Dr. Warren. — "But Ar^ fiio^^ n 
 that such a plan is fefs Tble TheVwl h'^'"/'^"' 
 walks, their quiet places ;,nH f. ^ ^^''' "^^^^'^^^ 
 
 -what rln .^r ' ''"'* >^^^'' exclusive study 
 
 as These In th/ ''"^ ''\'' '^"^ ^"'^^^ "^^^st of such 
 as these, m the region of ordinary and everv-dav IJ?^ ? 
 I will reaa you a manly letter from Dr V ^^^^ ' 
 
 a man who believes in m! ^^'^ ^'''^^y> 
 
 ^ ucxieves in his own opinions a^^ ;f u 
 does not believe in nfi,^,- i , i^""""s, and, it he 
 
 opinions "^ P'" '" ^^'^"d^nce with his own 
 
 My dear Dr. Vincfnt v« 
 business men and orrrt^-Irrurutfr;" '"'"^1 
 reading i„ science and history's worthy o"al""'' °^ 
 dation. While we r»n„„* wortny ot all commen- 
 
 scientists or hilars ::?''' '' "\'^ ^"^'' P^^""^ 
 appreciative o thtg'sTciendfic'''? "TT '" ''^^""'^ 
 be able to discrimfn.ttt! '"'°'^'''y' ^"^ ^ 
 
 true. '"^"'"'nate between the false and the 
 
 . I 
 I 
 
 lis 
 
 If;! 
 
 fc 1 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
102 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT 
 
 li *■». 
 
 The books for such a curriculum should be very care- 
 fully chosen. In science they should be such as only 
 give the aspects of nature and a few fundamental prin- 
 ciples. Any thing technically scientific would either 
 disgust or mislead. In history they should be clear 
 outlines, rather than exhaustive philosophic treatises 
 No one can make up for the want of a college educa- 
 tion. The four-years attrition with other minds is a 
 sharpening process that nothing else will furnish. If 
 you can make parents comprehend this so that they 
 will not let their sons slip by the college, you will do a 
 great thing. Your plan will warn people against the 
 waste of time and the injury to mind and soul in the 
 reading of low sensational stories, when useful and 
 elevating knowledge is within their reach. 
 
 Trusting that you may ^arry out your scheme to 
 perfection, I am 
 
 Yours very truly, HOWARD CROSBY. 
 
 1 16 East Nineteenth Street, New York, 
 July 15, 1878. 
 
 Dr. Warren. ~ " Another college president. Dr 
 Foss, President of the Wesleyan University, at Middle- 
 town, Conn., — what does he say can be done > " 
 
 Middletown, Conn., July 25, 1878. 
 
 My dear Dr. Vincent, — Yours received. I hasten 
 to say that your plan of " The Chautauqua Literary and 
 Scientific Circle " has my hearty approval. If executed 
 according to your idea, and with the enthusiasm gener- 
 ally manifested by those who marshal themselves under 
 your leadership, I think it will be good and only good, 
 arJ that continually, so far as it goes ; and I trust it 
 
) CROSBY. 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. ,03 
 
 will go far enough to be a ^r^af K^i ^ o 
 teachers, and to'inspire a nfu t ude of '"'""".^^-hool 
 of the Church to seek a libera; educaUoI; "'" ^''""' 
 
 Vours very truly, . c. D. FOSS. 
 
 Dr. Warren. — "\e\ no «^ i. 
 Wilkinson, professor of acred I.^- '"'" '^""^'" C- 
 ter Theological Seminary " ™ '" "'^ ^o^l-^^- 
 
 i^Ev. J. H. Vincent, D.D. ^'^"'^"own, Aug. 3, ,8;8. 
 
 unf: tt"tiJ^for.?"ch„?''"''"' '"'^''^'^ y°" P^POse, 
 Circle," is one that muTt ''"' ^"'''"•^ ^"'^ Scientific 
 thy and respect o evert iM^r"' *^ ^""^^' ^^"P^" 
 kind. There is eve„ a^ T^^Tj'''-^'''''' '° '^'^ 
 about it which elcL, ^ , '''""'' ^°'' '"•^^dth 
 Wish it the larger^asu":^ T^ ' ^^'^''^ 
 
 an^iactSr ttTbef "^ "^"^ " ^^^ 
 realization, would have be'enlr "! P^^^^^'brilliant 
 
 Chautauqua Sunday si oorAssemb,?°T '"" "' ''' 
 nvative enterprises like it ar^n^ • °° "^"^ 'I^- 
 
 ence all over the coZVl'^''^:^''"'^"^^ iuto .^isU 
 
 dismissed from thou-^ht^'/ I '° '"' ^"^ '°"g" 
 
 and nobler concept In U ,"!""'^"^al. If your new 
 
 successful, theXpL ti n VZ: T'^^^''"'^y 
 cles " may be looked fn^! , '^''^'' P°P"'ar "cir- 
 
 siveresulLfyourpl£?„ > ^^'T''' ^""f"'. dif- 
 at Chautauqua Certain V V f"' ^'""''""^ ■"'"^'-- 
 
 for the proposed rovTmLriT TT' ^"^^'^^^^ 
 
 success be possible at .U ' ,7 ^'"^ '"^"^^5^. if 
 
 P ssible at all, ,s well assured beforehand. 
 
104 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 t 
 
 ff 
 
 I believe you will succeed ; and if you do, the true 
 measure of your success, it will remain for many future 
 generations to witness and to appreciate. 
 
 In addition to the many important utilities of your 
 plan which the terms of your prospectus suggest, I an- 
 ticipate others of scarcely inferior value. The practical 
 working of the movement will tend to create for it a 
 peculiar literature of its own. This in itself will be a 
 great gain to the cause of popular enlightenment. The 
 model of style appropriate to primers of science, of let- 
 ters, of history, of political economy, and of other such 
 branches of human knowledge as will be likely to en- 
 gage the attention of your " Circle," must necessarily 
 exert a most salutary influence for clearness, directness, 
 and simplicity, on all the current literary production of 
 the times. Besides, the success of your enterprise will 
 multiply readers of books, and so stimulate writers to 
 produce. It will be very sure also to awaken and de- 
 velop literary and scientific ability in minds where it 
 would otherwise lie dormant and useless, and thus 
 increase the intellectual wealth of mankind. It will 
 enlighten and invigorate public sentiment to favor insti- 
 tutions of higher education. 
 
 In short, your proposal, in degree as it is carried into 
 successful execution, will prove a useful agency in help- 
 ing forward the always exigent cause of mental, moral, 
 social, political, and religious progress among men. I 
 send you my heartiest God-speed in the good work to 
 which you have now given the pledge of your reputation 
 worthily won in kindred undertakings for the public 
 advantage. 
 
 Most cordially, WILLIAM C. WILKINSON. 
 
[LKINSON. 
 
 rifE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. ,05 
 
 Dr. Warren — . " Anr] 
 thing may be done, how .ver;ch'urch "''""J '"'" '"<= 
 from which all these influences „. ^^ ' " ""''^ 
 catmg the acceptance of the ,dea Uv ^° °^' ' '^ '""'• 
 practical minds in the great ritv? ^^ °"' °^ "'^ ">»«' 
 you a letter from the pf to o fh! r,'" l"'^' ~ ' ^-^ 
 gers. This pastor is no la ' , "'^ °^ '^' ^tran- 
 
 refer to the Rev. Dr. Chlr TDermsT/ M^T' ' 
 
 " ' ■ Adeems of New York." 
 
 My DEAR Doctor v. , """"'""•'■>""!■'>'»■ 
 of a Chautauqua UteTarv'd' ."■'"•?' '^^S^---tlon 
 my heartiest Ipprobat oZ PV Jom e ^^'^ "^'^ 
 been pondering a similar idea The dii^r,; ' '''" 
 suggested themselves to mp ,., 1 , . '•'"'eulties which 
 I had connected the idea witlt '''' ^'^^PPeared if 
 tauqua. I now wonde that "'""''''' °' ^hau- 
 
 do so. In the "Church o the St^' '"^^ ^"""^^ '° 
 classes enumerated in yo^r IZ I ^"' ^'^ ^" '^e 
 iness men who hav no^en fo" ^ cT- "^^ "^^^ "- 
 to whom one hour devoted Tolit!^^'"' advantages, 
 culture, with a purpose wouWh"^ ""* '^'«"«fic 
 of great advantage to llfrin '." '«^"^«"3l tonic 
 also the class of mot er J u de "rib '"f V "^^ "'^^ 
 men engaged at trades and in b '"'' °^ """ ^"""S 
 few "young ladies of leisure ' b,^"""'f ' "^^ ''^^^ ^ 
 young ladies who have little I'eisurl T ^J" ™'"^ "'"'"^ 
 m'nds as their more favor.!: "'^ ""^^^ ^' ^"S^t 
 greater desire for cult rblare^ "' T"^"^ ^ 
 f'ave a greater sense of i^s need T. "'^ ^^' "'"^ 
 especially for which I desired to , /'' ""' ^^^'^ 
 meets this want. A four '^f . P™"''"- '^'""- P'a" 
 
 '""'•-years course might be ar- 
 
 il 
 
I il 
 
 ii 
 
 ,( 
 
 ■I- '^' 
 
 io6 
 
 T//E CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT, 
 
 m 
 
 ranged, with thorough annual examinations, and a di- 
 ploma at the close. You may rely upon my hearty co- 
 operation. 
 
 Wishing the scheme the most complete success, I 
 remain 
 
 Cordially your friend. CHARLES F. DEEMS. 
 
 Dr. Warren. — "Years ago our ears were dinned to 
 vvearmess with the glories of the Prussian system of 
 common-school education. A few years afterwards it 
 was discovered, excellent as that system of education 
 was, that in consequence of the lack of books, of papers, 
 of stimulus to read, many of those perfectly trained 
 children forgot their instruction, and ceased to remem- 
 ber how to read. To start a soul upw? ■ in the ways 
 of knowledge, and then leave it with no .icitement to 
 go forward, is certainly a great blunder. I am not sure 
 but the last state of that man would be worse than the 
 first. Let us remember, God has spread the great 
 pages of his work above us, and says to every one of us 
 as he said unto Abraham, ' Lift up now thine eyes on 
 high, and behold and number the stars, if thou be able ' 
 Let us remember he has put the Word in the pages 
 that are at our feet, and has said, ' Consider the lilies 
 of the field.' Referring to life and zoology, he wants 
 us to take note of the very sparrows. The people are 
 ready ; all that is needed is the presentation of a plan 
 The plan is before you : take it to your heads, take it 
 to your hearts. [Applause.] " 
 
 Dr. Vincent then read the following letter from the 
 President of Boston University : 
 
 ,1-. 
 
F. DEEMS. 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQir,^ MOVEI^ENT. ,^j 
 
 Rev. Dr. Vincent, Plainfield, N.J. «o"on, juiy ,o, ,878. 
 
 My dear Brother Tu« 
 
 of the .oth inst slrfe?!""""'''.-'^' ^"^"^ i" yours 
 
 which you have clonpL ? ^ °^ ''"""^ education 
 
 When some o thewo cl brT.'" '"'""'^'^ ='"'' *-«• 
 it, they will no iZht^^^l ^^""''^ ^"'^'« hear of 
 volcanic protest Igain ft ° P''' '°"' """"'=^«'''« 
 device of th, evil S If ■^^'"""e " ^^ ^ "ew 
 racy for the p "Jo ^o 1 h!,"""^ ^"'^ "'"-> democ 
 gat-ug sciolism f but w^en tt'"^ "'^"''"^ '"' P™?^' 
 himself shall come to in "i ';„!:"?' ^^ '"''""'^^ 
 read his only Lord kZ , "' "'''° 'hat has 
 
 and seen the' importance he' ^ ta"h" '° ^°""^ ^°"'' 
 self-instruction can for , ''''" '° ''°°'<^ and 
 
 syslm oTedS^is""".''^' "'""'"' "''-h every 
 
 3trong;nametrre: ed7e ir hit ^^^^"^ '^ 
 round. And you seem to carrv .^ '^ *' ^"^^ 
 
 students forward to the nn,W T "^ ^^^^ home 
 if they cannot hav he helo oT r "k'^ "'" ^° ^'°"«' 
 cases there will, of co„r Ve aiLre °tt •'" ""^"^ 
 more t.iere will be success Tn ' "' '" «^"y 
 
 -ss. I shall be mor fn ever'ZT'T '" '"^ '"=■ 
 
 and confident as to its future 'Ziu"'' """'^>'' 
 ever """^e- ^ith best wishes, 
 
 Vours fraternally 
 
 ■'■iiiy, w. F. WARREN. 
 
io8 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT 
 
 
 1 
 
 % 
 
 m 
 
 h > 
 
 i 
 
 5 M 
 
 Dr. Vincent then said. "I hold a very delicate bit of 
 paper in my hand. Last summer I enjoyed the pleasure 
 of an interview with William Cullen Bryant. I explained 
 to him fully the system which we contemplated. I wrote 
 him afterward a long letter, defining it more clearly, if 
 possible ; and through friends that were conversant with 
 the scheme, that distinguished man became thoroughly 
 acquainted with our aims and methods. While in Lon 
 don a few weeks ago, I received from him the following 
 letter, written in his own hand, ~ written but a few 
 weeks before his death. This letter has never been 
 read in public, and has never appeared in print." 
 
 New Vork, May 18, 1S78. 
 
 My dear Sir, ^ I cannot be present at the meeting 
 called to organize the Chautauqua Literary and Scien- 
 tific Circle ; but I am glad that such a movement is on 
 foot, and wish it the fullest success. There is an at- 
 tempt to make science, or a knowledge of the laws of 
 the material universe, an ally of the school which denies 
 a separate spiritual existence and a future life ; in short 
 to borrow of science weapons to be used against Chris- 
 tianity. The friends of religion, therefore, confident 
 that one truth never contradicts another, are doing 
 wisely when they seek to accustom the people at large 
 to think and to weigh evidence as well as believe By 
 giving a portion of their time to a vigorous training of 
 the intellect, and a study of the best books, men gain 
 the power to deal satisfactorily with questions with 
 which the mind might otherwise become bewildered 
 It is true that there is no branch of human knowledge 
 so important as that which teaches the duties that we 
 
 fi 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT 109 
 
 owe to God and to earh -'-0,. . j .1 
 
 makes him who obevs ii- a m • , ' '^^^'^ 
 
 r- Lue purpose of showing the HifFf.r^«f 
 
 spheres occupied bv scienrf> ^n^ r • a^tterent 
 
 bers a common p^trsuTtJh.cU , """u^"' "^^ "'^"'- 
 of brotherhood; ?hey will h 'v^ ""^' ""^ets a feeling 
 
 which o h rwse St h '"'"'"' """^' endowments, 
 unknown, win be s" mu ate/i'tr'"'* uncultivated and 
 
 tZ^^t^^^' an^ZieS 
 afce p,i-Srar"^^^ 
 
 of liL'i'h t^ LT;err:Lrf '^"^'"? '-^^ ""-^ ^p- 
 
 results of the plan whichT , "";' ""^ ^"'^''''^ ^nd 
 I am sir V . f '''■"'"" ^""^ "^ this letter. 
 
no 
 
 it ) 
 
 r 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 After the reading of the letter of Mr. Bryant, Bishop 
 Foster of Boston said, " We live to learn. Were it not 
 for the history of Chautauqua, I should look upon the 
 scheme which has been opened to you to-day as one of 
 the most gigantic chimeras I ever heard of ; but with 
 that history lying back of me, ... I begin to look 
 upon It as a grand and glorious something that has 
 a future to it. One of the saddest spectacles to my 
 mmd, despite the beauty of our civilization,— a civili- 
 zation unsurpassed by any recorded in the history of 
 time, — is the vast outlying acres and continents of 
 fallow mmd ; mind unapprised of its power and of its 
 heritage ; and, if possible, still more sad, the vast fields 
 of hungry and unhappy mind, not knowing where to 
 look for help. I have long believed that in the unedu- 
 cated — I do not mean now the term in a strict sense, 
 but the uneducated in the higher walks of learning, — 
 there is a state of hunger, of desire, that is unappre- 
 ciated by educated men. I have recognized it in my 
 ministry, bringing before the people from time to time 
 the great fundamental and grand truths of religion which 
 are so generally ignored and neglected by the pulpit I 
 have heard time and again, that the people cannot ap- 
 preciate discussion, -that they will weary of discussions 
 of that kind. I am here to say, after an experience of 
 forty years, that the profoundest discussions my mind 
 has ever been able to elaborate have been the most en- 
 trancing to the common people. They have Hstened to 
 them with the greatest possible eagerness, and I believe 
 they have produced the most profound and blessed 
 truths. I am thoroughly convinced that there is a hun- 
 ger of mind abroad in the land, — in the rural districts, 
 
n£ CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMEA'T. , , , 
 
 school thought and school l!f '''^quainted with 
 
 -that we do not understand "n"^ '" "' "^'''' ''"^'' 
 'ieve that this moveme'f which rn?'?^ ^""^ ' "«" 
 succeed in accomplishing twl «, "' '^""^^'^ "'"' 
 
 beneficial. It win SerTo a ^"^' "''' "'" "^ ^^-^r 
 that have gone beyond 1 "'" """"'^^ "^ "'"rts 
 study and prosecutTf to^e^e^n ° 'f "Vf -^^'^'^ 
 them an outlook into th^ fi.u r ' "^'^ ■'""S to 
 
 education in the o d „arv fo™ L '™"'- ^^^« ^^^ool 
 the hands of men instrl°T ? ' '""P'^ '° P"' '"to 
 of knowledge. It Z^Z '"°''"''' '^' P««"it 
 
 nishes the mean of f;rther:r^"'"°"'^'«^' ''"*^"- 
 door to lead out the thoiht to Tav"'LV' i' °''^"^ "'^ 
 map of what is to be con„,,' f^ °'^ "'^ "'"d *e 
 sessed. When men pas! ou" f t'h" "^ ," *° "^ P^ 
 information, I do not InH i ' °°' ^'"'°"' tl^'^ 
 utter inanity andlLll ^X" bt:^;"'"'^ '"" 
 
 opened to il Sat it^shouHfe atlo loT '"^ ''-- 
 great world of truth in everv Hit ? "^ °"' '"'^ '^e 
 
 ness and infinitude; a"nSorano;te "f "^ ^^^'■ 
 to go out and possess it r Zr l 'nformation 
 
 nish this information o a b ' ""' ''''°°' ^"' f"r- 
 have passed beyond the ag of sr™,'" °' *°^^ "'>° 
 fore congratulate you and our .?' ''"''^- ^ '^'''■ 
 civilization, on theCeption „f .K ""■^' '"" °" S^^^' 
 
 "T^bi'firsTyt-^^ - X-:" Sar^r-^ ^ 
 
 embr:cfrthT;oLr;bir '^-- -"~ ^t 
 
 « v^iccas iiiort History 
 
 I 
 
 i"> I 
 
112 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT 
 
 
 M 
 
 it 
 
 1;! 
 
 
 
 f' 
 
 pi 
 
 it! •: 
 Wl i 
 
 of the English People ; Chautauqua Text-Book No 4 
 Outhnes of English History ; Chautauqua Text-Book 
 No. 5, Outlines of Greek History; Mahaffey's Old 
 'Greek Life ; Stopford Brooke's Primer of English Liter- 
 ature ; Chautauqua Text-Book No. 6, Greek Literature • 
 Chautauqua Text-Book No. 2, on Studies of the Stars ' 
 Warren's Recreations in Astronomy ; J. Dorman Steele's 
 Human Physiology ; Hurst's Outlines of Bible History • 
 ^ and Pierce's Word of God Opened. Over eight thou- 
 sand four hundred names were enrolled the first year 
 in the class of 1882. At the suggestion of wise and 
 practical friends of the C. L. S. C, a modification was 
 made m the plan of study, by which the readings of 
 the several classes for any one year should be substan- 
 tially the same, thus securing the benefit of unity in 
 the classes of the several years. 
 
 Many who undertook the course of study became 
 discouraged, and dropped out entirely. Many continued 
 to read portions of the course, keeping up their relation 
 to the Circle, but not attempting to graduate at the end 
 of four years. In 1882, 1,718 members of the first class 
 received their diploma. "Recognition Day" (Com- 
 mencement Day, as it was then called) was a great day 
 at Chautauqua. A report of the proceedings as pub- 
 lished in "The Chautauquan" will give some idea of 
 the enthusiasm which prevailed. 
 
 Graduation in theC.L.S.C. simply means that the 
 college outlook has been compleied, and that the 
 reader, having received his diploma, begins a more 
 thorough course of reading in lines of his own choice. 
 A large number of reading courses are provided. On 
 the diploma are thirty-one blank spaces on which seals 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. XI3 
 
 cIats"o?i88f l'\' ff ^'"■' •"^""'^" of «he C.L.S.C 
 
 Class or 1 082 looked forward to thf- i-n-u c a 
 
 their day of graduation. When the davL™"^"'' 'I 
 
 about eight hundred members of th.T /■°"°'^' 
 
 the C I, <? r Koj • ^""^^"^^ of the class, each with 
 
 L.L.t,.C. badge pmned over the heart, were in th. 
 
 .^iTzrrsr C" 'i"l »•* 
 
 laea. 1 fte sun shone from a cloudless stv f 1,0 • 
 dress and cottages and public buildings were hand 
 
 feZentingl'^UTaSheV"^'^ ^' ^^"'^^^^■ 
 Territories m!7 ^ ^""O"' ^"'^ ""'^ "f 'he 
 
 ■km h„„,„, „„„j ,„ „j ih. "-l. 
 
li •! 
 
 
 II 'i 
 
 i M 
 
 if i 
 
 I ^i • 
 
 f i , ': I 
 
 1 
 
 ; 1 !'; 
 
 114 r//E CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 "A song is thrilling through the trees, 
 And vibrant through the air; 
 Ten thousand hearts turn hitherward, 
 
 And gieet us from afar; 
 And through the happy tide of song, 
 
 That blends our hearts in one, 
 The voices of the absent flow 
 
 In tender undertone. 
 Then bear along, O wings of song. 
 Our happy greeting glee, 
 * From centre to the golden verge, 
 
 Chautauqua to the sea." 
 
 .u \ ^f "r ' ^^""^^^ '" ^^^ '^^'^^^^ °^ ^hich is located 
 the Hall of Philosophy, seemed to breathe the spirit of 
 the day. Four years ago, in this place, the C. L S C 
 was organized, before the Hall of Philosophy was 
 erected, or the grove was cleared, improved, or beauti- 
 tied. The Hall was adorned for the day, and all the 
 surroundmgs wore a classic air. • On its supporting 
 pillars, looking inward, were the busts of "vast Plato " 
 the great philosopher of Greece, Socrates his master 
 Homer the poet of the world, Virgil of noble song 
 Goethe the greatest genius of Germany, and Shak- 
 spere the greater genius of England. Between the 
 pillars were suspended sixteen hanging baskets filled 
 with choicest plants, beautiful in flower and foliage 
 Large urns filled with rare plants were placed on either 
 side of the arch-guarded walk. The line of march for 
 the class from Merrill Avenue to the Hall passed be- 
 neath four high and broad arches, -the first golden 
 passed by the class of 1882, and to be passed by every 
 graduating class in the future ; the second evergreen • 
 the third floral ; and the fourth rustic, - all magnificently 
 
^"^ CHAaTACfQaA MoyEMENT. us 
 
 surround -the Hall of eithef iZ/'o " K "' '™""'^'^' 
 lamp-stands and lamps o„Uch at ni t k "'^^ '"^ 
 Athenian watch-fires Thl i ""^ '""""^'^ ^e 
 
 full of meaning and thJ , ^ ""' """' °"g'"^> ^"d 
 Too much pal; cannot tT'TT ^"' ^""P'^'"^- 
 Esq., Dr. vLcent and 1 ' ^T^"^ '° ^'^'' Miller, 
 ful issue this irportLttr ''° ''°"''' '° ^ — ' 
 
 was organized in froll'/t^ttaTeTD? ^H T" 
 
 Mea™ le Penn IT'' "' North-western Band, o 
 uviiie, i-enn., with seventeen pieces Pmf r 
 
 Messrs. W.K. H. mJ.:;^ WiSer^^r-^ 
 
 Dr. Lyman Ahb^t'i^l^^ef .^rrH^G^t; 
 (messenger); and others. The line !f „ u "^" 
 Lake Avenue to Cookman ,,n r , """ "'^^ °"' 
 through Fletcher to Haven un H° '" '° ^'"^''^■•' 
 Philosophy Manv nf ^r ^ '''''" '° "'^ «3" "f 
 line of march were 'tr T^^'' ""^ ''"'' °" "^e 
 streamers, whlmottoffandt""''' T''' "^^^ ^'«' 
 ■end an unusual chaC to ^he 'iT' "^'^"'^ "^^^'^ *° 
 
 Avit: tt sot i:t: Tef r r r ^"^-^ ^"->'- 
 
 the class of .88 , gXeJinfh 'if "'""^^^ °' 
 ..teof St. Paul's' Srol^pa erto^mr"' "' ''' 
 
 the 
 
 passage 
 
 II! 
 
 '!:«■ 
 
Ii6 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT 
 
 ■; X 
 
 li 
 
 I 
 % 
 
 i I 
 
 iiil 
 1 'fi'ij 
 
 iiS:4 
 
 of the honored Superintendent and Counsellors, giving 
 them the warmest expressions of regard and honor as 
 they passed. On reaching the junction of Clark and 
 Haven Avenues, the band took its position on the outer 
 field, while the Superintendent and Counsellors passed 
 into the great Hall, being soon joined by Dr W C 
 Wilkinson, the third of the Counsellors able to be 
 present. The Hall of Philosophy was well guarded by 
 the faithful keepers of the grove, under the direction 
 of Marshal J. D. Pepper, and none were permitted to 
 cross the sacred lines save the officials of the day 
 ^^ Promptly at 9.58, Division No. IV. —composed of the 
 "C. L. S. C. Glee Club," eight members. Prof. C C 
 Case conductor; and the "Choir of the Hall in the 
 Grove," thirty-seven members. Prof. W. F. Sherwin 
 conductor— entered the sacred enclosure, and took ap- 
 pointed positions, the " Choir of the Hall in the Grove " 
 m the rear of the Floral Procession, and facing the walk 
 from St. Paul's Gate ; the " Glee Club " at the right of 
 the platform in the Hall of Philosophy, Miss Fannie 
 A. Compton presiding at the organ. 
 
 At the stroke of the great Chautauqua bell announ- 
 cing the hour of ten o'clock, the members of the grad- 
 uating class, standing together outside of St. Paul's 
 Grove, read responsively, Dr. S. J. M. Eaton leading 
 m the first section, and Rev. J. L. Hurlbut leading in 
 the second section, as follows : — 
 
 First Section. - Surely there is a vein for the silver, and a 
 place for gold where they fine it. 
 
 Second Section.- Iron is taken out of the earth, and brass is 
 molten out of the stone. 
 
 First Section. - He setteth an end to darkness, and search^th 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. ,,7 
 
 Z^! perfection . .he stones of darkness, and the shadow of 
 
 are gone away from men "'" ' ""^ "' dried up, they 
 
 und^U^u^d °up aTult f """ '"" "' " '°™"> "-O ■ -« 
 andJuTa* dtroT^oil '"•'^ ^"'"" °' " ^ '"^ P-' "I sapphires. 
 
 wh,^nh?Xr:"e7e to"n'o?se'e? "'''' "" '""' """«"-'* 
 .hetr hon p^ed b7 i^"' "°"'^ "'■='"' ""^ "<« '-=>Oen i, nor 
 
 Second Section -— Hp o, ff *u 
 andhiseyeseetheJe^preeiontr' "' ""™^ '"' "*^'- 
 
 .he .;•:« tt^rjdir^;-" --f "" °-'^-- - 
 
 wJ^TtLS„7de'rl„1;r;/''^" -■-- ^' '°»«.' an. 
 
 is ifCdlrtranTo'^riMr""' *'•'"•- *"-'' -"-er 
 
 Second Section. — The deoA «„-rt, i. • 
 sea saith, It is roe with me ' " ''°' '" ™i and the 
 
 -'2'4 ■~-pTce"t'e':i"""' '" ^°"' "^'*^' ^''=^' 
 
 witfthrp^edo'u: , oi^thTsT^phirr'"' "'* '"^ «°" °' ^p^-- 
 
 ^n!li:V^Z''ont2n':l^f ''' ''^"^' "»"<" equal it; 
 
 Second Section n1 '"' ''""'' °' «"e gold. 
 
 Pe^.s; ^orthe^roTlrmTairX"^^^ °' ^°^"'^ " "' 
 
 nei.';::r^^i:r.;;e?:i.rrure;r-'-''- - ^-h, 
 
 erfargafe, s"id -'' """"«^^' ^'-"'"^ ^«side the 
 
ii8 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 
 lief 
 
 "If ^' 
 
 I ( 
 
 ^^^H 
 
 m 
 
 
 i; 
 
 ^^^^^H 
 
 w 
 
 
 H^H 
 
 w ' 
 
 
 ^^H 
 
 1 
 
 
 ^^^^^^E 
 
 i' * 
 
 \ \ 
 
 ^^^^^^H 
 
 (' ■! 
 
 \ \ 
 
 ^^^^^^Bk 
 
 > 
 
 ':\ 
 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 
 4 
 
 i 
 
 ^^^^^^^^R/fl 
 
 Br i ■ 
 
 ■f 
 
 
 
 '? '^ 
 
 l] 
 
 H^nl 
 
 ' Y 
 
 i 
 
 \: 
 
 ^^^H| 
 
 IM 
 
 ■♦ 
 
 
 
 '■ If ' 
 
 
 ■ 
 
 ^ 11 . :■ 
 
 f 
 
 I^H 
 
 i :r , 
 
 
 " I come to inform all candidates for enrolment in the 
 • Society of the Kail in the Grove,' that the hour ap- 
 pointed for your reception has arrived ; the Hall has 
 been set in order; the Path through the Grove has 
 been opened ; the Arches under which you must pass 
 have been erected ; the Key which will open this Gate 
 has been placed in my hands. And to you who, as 
 members of the Chautauqua Literary and Scientific 
 Circle, have completed the four years' course of read- 
 ing, and now hold in your hands a pledge of the same, 
 I extend, in the name of the authorities, a welcome into 
 St. Paul's Grove, under the First Arch. And let the 
 watchmen guard carefully the Gate." 
 
 The immense throng gathered on all sides of the 
 grove gazed with astonishment upon the scene, as the 
 parted gates admitted to the sacred enclosure the throng 
 of candidates for the high honors of the Chautauqua 
 Literary and Scientific Circle. Suspended over the 
 great archway of the gates, was the memorial silk flag 
 borne by Dr. A. D. Vail through all the great educa- 
 tional and religious centres of Europe and Asia, unfurled 
 by him on the Pyramids and the heights of Jerusalem 
 and swung aloft from the spires of Rome and London' 
 On the keystone of the gateway arch, stood out in 
 bold relief the sculptured green leaf, the badge of the 
 C. L. S. C. fraternity. Beneath these memorials and em- 
 blems, slowly, four abreast, led by the Marshal, W. A. 
 Duncan, the grand body of the class passed up the walk 
 under the " Second " and "Third " arches, halting for a 
 moment just before reaching the "Fourth" arch. Over 
 this arch and inwrought with it, were the talismanic 
 figures "1882," surmounted by the Cross. 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMEAT. ,,9 
 
 Just outside of the Hnll fi,. 
 thirty-six little girls dres,. I , P.™'"''"'™ "^^ met by 
 wreaths, bearing eak fort I "' '"'' "°*""' *'th 
 flowers and hung on L arm" bf' '"' ■^1"' "^^^ '^"^" -'" 
 their baskets the "wee b t la^i' ^'"^ ''""'''"■ J^™™ 
 in the pathway of thlelass rfs/ v '' '""^ """^^^ 
 men "kind o' choke up 'and turn '°"" ^^^ ""^ 
 
 ment, and women beein Xnl '"™./"'^>' '" embarrass- 
 
 Chautauqua salute Xn^he e" a ";" "^^ '° "^^ ^ 
 of grace" approached Ind at the f '"'^ "'"'''«" 
 earnest faces of the graduates lit! ?^- '^' ^'''''' 
 
 never a smile on a chifdWace " '""''■ ^"' 
 
 to them. No one that davl '"■""' ''"''"^^^ 
 
 part. In the Amphitheatre IT 'T' '° ^" "^" '''^ 
 homage by enthusial" ^u * St'J" "'r"^' '"^ 
 whom Professor Hurlbut h wt *PP'a"«e for them, 
 
 of the future. " Mrs Beard'i^H^ """'"^" '^' ^- L- S. C 
 of the procession She wfsefficre".r"'*'^ "'^P°^"-y 
 Helen Savage and Mr Wm/ p ^ "'"'"^'^ "^^ Miss 
 and Mr. G. I. Ryckman 'f R !'"°"^^' °^ ^^^Wyn, 
 flowers. ^y<='^man of Brocton, who furnished the 
 
 Out upon the sweet air of tu^ 
 
 the "Song of To-Day fom the rr°™?^ P°"^'' f°^'h 
 Grove, while the coTumn nT, ^ ■"■ °^ *^ "^" m 'he 
 it to repletion. P"''"^ °" '""> 'he Hall, filling 
 
 A SONG OF TC-DAY. 
 
 Sing paans over the Past! 
 
 To find them again i„ eternity. 
 Safe m its circle vast. 
 Sing psans over tlie Past I 
 
120 THE CHAUTAUQUA AfOVEMENT. 
 
 W il- 
 
 ' k 
 
 '» . 
 
 Farewell, farewell to the Old ! 
 Beneath the arches, and one by one, 
 From sun to shade, and from shade to sun, 
 
 We pass, and the 3ears are told. 
 
 Farewell, farewell to the Old ! 
 
 Arise and possess the land ! 
 Not one shall fail in the march of life. 
 Not one shall fail in the hour of strife. 
 
 Who trusts in the Lord's right hand. 
 
 Arise and possess the land I 
 
 And hail, all hail to the New ! 
 The future lies like a world new-born, 
 All steeped in sunshine and dews of morn, 
 
 And arched with a cloudless blue. 
 
 All hail, all hail to the New ! 
 
 All things, all things are yours ! 
 The spoil of nations, the arts sublime 
 That arch the ages from eldest time, 
 
 The Word that for aye endures, — 
 
 All things, all things are yours ! 
 
 The Lord shall divide the sea, 
 And open a way in the wilderness 
 To faith that follows, to feet that press 
 
 Into the great To Be. 
 
 The Lord shall divide the sea ! 
 
 M. A. Lathburv, 1882. 
 
 While the graduates were taking their places in the 
 Hall, the C. L. S. C. Glee Club sang No. 17, the "Song 
 of the C. L. S. C. for 1880;" all the officials upon the 
 platform, joined by all the members of the class, heartily 
 uniting in the outburst of melody. 
 
 S 
 
 of ; 
 
 of t 
 Abb 
 TJ 
 Dr. 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT, 
 
 "A song Is thrilling through the tree«. 
 And vibrant through the air; 
 Ten thousand hearts turn hltherward, 
 And greet us from afar- 
 
 And through the happy tide of song, 
 
 That blends our hearts in one. 
 The voices of the absent flow 
 in tender undertone. 
 
 Then bear along, O wings of song, 
 
 Our happy greeting glee, 
 From centre to the golden verge. 
 Chautauqua to the sea. 
 
 "Fair Wisdom builds her temple here, 
 Her seven-pillared dome ; 
 
 ^?J^^";^';d^«he spreads her hands, 
 And greets her children home; ' 
 
 Not all may gather at her shrine 
 
 To smg of victories won, 
 Then- names are graven on her walls - 
 
 God bless them, every one ! - Chorus. 
 
 " O happy circle, ever wide 
 And wider be thy sweep, 
 Till peace and knowledge fill the earth 
 
 As waters fill the deep- 
 Tin hearts and homes ar^ touched to life. 
 
 Tin that fair day, clasp hands and say- 
 God bless us, every one ! _ Chorus- 
 
 Standing on the platform were th^^ Q, • 
 of Instruction, Dr. Vincent -t .^^' ^"P^^^^endent 
 
 of the Chautauqua Board 'and Cou "' '^''"^'^"^ 
 Abbott, and Wilkinson ' Counsellors Warren, 
 
 121 
 
 !n I 
 
 1 
 
w 
 
 f 
 
 f 
 
 w'% ' 
 
 
 1 
 
 i 'jj 
 
 
 «ii{ 
 
 i'j 
 
 
 ■■' .'i 
 
 M i -i 
 
 122 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 SUPT. — Whence then cometh wisdom ? and where is the place 
 of understanding? 
 
 Class. — Seeing it is hid from the eyes of all living, and kept 
 close from the fowls of the air. 
 
 SuPT. — Destruction and death say, We have heard the fame 
 thereof with our ears. 
 
 Class. — God understandeth the way thereof, and he knoweth 
 the place thereof. 
 
 SupT.— For he looketh to the ends of the earth, and seeth 
 under the whole heaven : 
 
 Class. — To make the weight for the winds ; 
 
 SuPT. — And he weigheth the waters by measure. 
 
 Class. — When he made a decree for the rain, and a way for 
 the lightning of the thunder : 
 
 SupT. — Then did he see it, and declare it: he prepared it, yea, 
 and searched it out. 
 
 Class. — And unto man he said, Behold, the fear of the Lord, 
 that is wisdom ; and to depart from evil is understanding. 
 
 SuPT. — Add to your faith virtue, and to virtue knowledge. 
 
 Class. — Happy is the man that findeth wisdom ; 
 
 SuPT. — And the man that getteth understanding (Prov. iii. 13). 
 
 Class. — For the merchandise of it is better than the merchan- 
 dise of siker, and the gain thereof than fine gold (Prov. iii. 14). 
 
 SuPT. — She is more precious than rubies : 
 
 Class. — And all things thou canst desire are not to be com- 
 pared unto her (PrOv. iii. 15). 
 
 SupT. — Length of days is in her right hand ; 
 
 Class. — And i.i her left hand riches and honor (Prov. iii. 16). 
 
 SupT. — Her ways are ways of pleasantness, and all her paths 
 are peace (Prov. iii. 17). 
 
 Class. — She is a tree of life to them that lay hold upon her; 
 and happy is every one that retaineth her (Prov. iii. 18). 
 
 At this point the beautiful banner of the C. L. S. C, 
 never before disclosed to the public eye, was unveiled, 
 and placed in front of the platform, and its uncovering 
 was received with rapturous applause. 
 
the place 
 and kept 
 
 the fame 
 knoweth 
 
 md seeth 
 
 i way for 
 d it, yea, 
 he Lord, 
 dge. 
 
 . iii. 13). 
 merchan- 
 i. 14). 
 
 be com- 
 
 iii. 16). 
 ler paths 
 
 3on her; 
 
 . s. c, 
 
 iveiled, 
 )vering 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 123 
 
 • 1 ^u ^i;?'^"^ ^^'^' " '^^^^ banne-r is a gift to the CW 
 
 tXl'TiPr^ '"''''' ^-^^^- '^ Lewi '^ii/;; 
 
 i^resident of Chautauqua." [Applause.] 
 
 Ihe Superintendent of Instructinn\^ i j , 
 graduating class as follows:! "^^'"'''^ '^' 
 
 andX^te^cr^ VZ'Z:''''''t ''' ^^^^^ 
 mitted to thi« .= J reading ; you have been ad- 
 
 d^kttTdtFZf^"'- ^°" ''-^P^-ed the arches 
 "Chautauqua Literary and SfiTciL:"'^^ "^ ''' 
 
 completed with you the prescribed ^out o^^^eldt ^a" 
 accepted and approved graduates of the Chautluol T ? 
 erary and Scientific Circle ; and that you are entiledo 
 
 "ThTL Vk,*' ^''"''y °' '"« "'" in the Grove ■■ 
 hi. fl. V '''' "'""' '"'^ ^''P '"ee ; The Lord make 
 Lord .ft n "1"''°" '''''•""' "^ gracious unto theeTthe 
 Lord hft up h,s countenance upon thee, and give thee 
 
 "THE ANNIVERSARY ODE OF ,879" - 
 
 aTSsT- '""'^^' '''''" "^ '"^ ^'-^ "^ ^--^-tes, 
 
 *' Bright beams again Chautauqua's wave 
 And green her forest arches, 
 As with glad heart and purpose brave 
 The student homeward n^arches." ' * 
 
 V 
 
 '.If- 
 
 '■-<'■■ 
 
 «.-■ 
 
 ifjiiil 
 
 { i I iiiit 
 
 iilii! 
 
 

 t u 
 
 
 124 T//E CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 Before him rose the pleasant goal, 
 
 Through all the years' endeavor, 
 Blest inspiration of the soul ! 
 
 For light aspiring ever. 
 
 Refrain. 
 
 Once more we stand, a joyous band, 
 
 Our songs to heaven up-sending; 
 They freely rise, a sacrifice 
 
 Of prayer and praises blending. 
 
 " Our college halls are grand and free, 
 
 Her charter heaven-granted ; 
 Her roof the summer crownM tree, 
 
 Where nature's hymns are chanted ; 
 And round her shall her children cling 
 
 With loyal love and duty. 
 And yearly all their offerings bring, 
 
 Of gathered wealth and heauty.^ Re/rain. 
 
 " From the vast ocean shore of thought. 
 
 We bring our earliest treasure, 
 With many a golden memory fraught. 
 
 And many a lofty pleasure. 
 We offer now our work to Him 
 
 Whose loving light hath guided, 
 Through pathways to our knowledge dim, 
 
 From His great thought divided. ~ Re/ram:' 
 
 Dr. Vincent. — " We are now prepared to move, 
 according to the order of the Marshal, to the Amphi- 
 theatre. I hope to greet you all at this place, accord- 
 ing to programme, this evening. — Mr. Marshal, we are 
 now ready. "^ 
 
 The procession then took up the line of march in the 
 following order: (i) the Band; (2) Floral Division, with 
 their emptied baskets (whose contents had strewn tke 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. ,25 
 
 way from the Fourth Arch to the Hall during the en- 
 
 ZT-fs n' ?r.="^"««=^)' (3) 'he C. L. S. C. Class of 
 1882 (4 Dr. Vincent, Superintendent of Instruction 
 
 W C^T '■' ^- ^- ^"'■^"' L^"-^" Abbott, and 
 W C. Wilkinson, m line ; (6) the Messenger, Rev A H 
 t'lllett, the General Secretary of the C. L S C A m' 
 Martin, the Recorder, Rev. W. D Bridge ' " 
 
 Av^nueT"''^ '''' "■' "'" "'■'^ sate on Haven 
 Avenue, four abreast, marching up Haven to Clark 
 
 tt'-Ch't^'"' 'I '^~'""^" Avenue, where it met 
 the Chautauqua Procession," standing with open 
 ranks, through which the C. L. S. C. procession passed 
 with uncovered heads, receiving through all its passage 
 
 good win rrrf"''- '"' "^"''^^^ expreslons of 
 hll f !; T.. ^''^"'^"I"^ Trustees, waiting at the 
 of th. r t' ^''^"'^"'J"^ P™<^--°n, fell in at f he rear 
 01 tne c. U b. C. procession, and passed with the latter 
 through the opened ranks. After the passage of the 
 graduates, etc., the Chautauqua procession, A K War 
 
 \T' ^ k"u !' ?'°'''' '■^"'''' -countermarched, and fol- 
 lowed behind the Chautauqua Trustees 
 
 and by the line of march, all joining in warmest con! 
 gratulations as the procession passed 
 
 of he Amphitheatre, the band took up its position 
 on the left of the walk, the graduates opened ranks! 
 through which, amid a constant Chautauqua salute, the 
 President, the Superintendent of Instruction, Counsel! 
 lors, etc., passed to the AmphW atre, and to theic 
 place on the platform. 
 
 i\V- 
 
 0^ 
 
 m 
 
 mi '■■• 
 
 i 
 
126 
 
 If < 
 
 pl U4 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 The banner of the C. L. S. C. 
 faci 
 
 A 1 .,, , . -• -. vvas placed inside the 
 
 Amphitheatre, facing the entrance, the streamers pend- 
 ent froni Its cross-bar being held by four little girls - 
 
 Mabd ^^'''^ ^'"'^ ^^°^'' ^--^ ^--y' -d 
 
 of thfc'ti'^'tr'A'^ '"'^ '^"p^"^' ^^^ °^-- 
 
 1 7'n ' ^^ Chautauqua Trustees, etc., the 
 
 classes followed and took their seats in the following 
 order: 1882, 1883, 1884, 1885, 1886. ^ 
 
 nffl?^ ')l ^Z''^?'"" 7"'" ^'""P^^ '^^ above-named 
 officers, the faculty of the C. S. L., Prof. B. P. Bowne 
 
 Miss J. E. Bulkley (Secretary of the C. T. R.), Bishop 
 K. S. Foster (who was received with rounds of ap- 
 plause), and others.; ^ 
 
 When the outer entrances of the Amphitheatre were 
 opened, and the crowds of expectant lookers-on had 
 filled every available inch of space, the Marshal of the 
 Day, W. A. Duncan, said, "The further services ate 
 placed in the hands of the President of the Chautauqua 
 Association, Lewis Miller." 
 
 No further description of the first Recognition Day 
 is here necessary. Songs were sung, the " Commence- 
 ment Oration " was delivered by Bishop H W Warren 
 and in the afternoon the Diplomas were presented It 
 was a day of the greatest enthusiasm that had ever been 
 witnessed at Chautauqua. 
 
 _ The correspondence of the Central Office at Plain- 
 field, N.J., and the columns of The Chautauquan (the 
 official organ of the C. L. S. C), afford many testimonies 
 to the value of Chautauqua work. It is impossible to 
 publish a hundredth part of the hearty words which 
 come from members in all parts of the world I shall 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 12; 
 
 give a few pages of them as specimens of the acknowl- 
 edgments coming to cheer and inspire the leaders in this 
 good work. These are introduced with the design of 
 showing how the C L. S. C. has been a blessing to 
 people of the most widely varied educational and social 
 standmg ; how it has gone into homes of plenty and of 
 poverty into parlors and into kitchens ; how the local 
 circles have helped communities; and how beyond the 
 seas in foreign lands, the beneficent ministries of the 
 Circle have been felt. I am largely indebted to our 
 Secretary, Miss K. F. Kimball, for the selection, com- 
 pilation, and transcription of this body of testimony 
 A member in Connecticut - a college graduate - 
 writes : " I have had to do the most of the C L S C 
 work during vacations, which accounts for my being 
 behind. I thoroughly believe in the plan, because it 
 tends as much to quicken and keep alive college grad- 
 uates as any thing else. It is just what they need. 
 
 -^iTm . ' ' "' '' '"'^^' °^^^ -^"y ^-^ break, 
 .md filled up many an awkward opening, left by a 
 
 college course. And I must further avail myself of 
 
 odd minutes for systematic reading in the line of spe- 
 
 rtl r^rtu "^^ ^^^^^^-^^^^ ^ry-goods clerk, whom 
 I told of the plan, said he could not express his 
 pleasure in knowing of the scheme. In my dry and 
 technical studies, I found a great need of just such 
 reading as our course provides. I know from per- 
 sonal observation, that a lawyer who knows nothing 
 but law IS a mean and narrow-minded person ; and so 
 I resolved to be not only a good lawyer, but a well- 
 read man. The influence of the Circle has opened 
 up to me a future of glorious possibilities, and has 
 
 .iiii«» 
 
 ', liii', 
 
 ii 
 
 'ji ''" 
 
 11 
 
 uHii 
 
 % 
 
•i28 
 
 r 
 
 
 H 
 
 I 
 
 |.r ^i 
 
 TfiTE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 aroused my ambition. I am endeavoring to rise above 
 my present circumstances, and to gain a place of 
 influence and usefulness in the worid, that it may 
 be better for my having lived. If I succeed, I shall 
 have to thank the C. L. S. C. for a great part of the 
 success. Many of the young men assocr.^ •-] ^vith me 
 m the church have experienced the same . t " 
 
 A member writes from Ohio : " I desire to tell you 
 how completely I am captivated by the C. L S C 
 course of study. I have been all my life for forty 
 years a great reader, and for the last twenty years 
 have made a specialty of history and the sciences. 
 i3ut my reading has hitherto been too careless, and 
 without sufficient thought. I realize an immense 
 benefit from my present systematic course." 
 
 A graduate of Michigan University writes : " I wish 
 to thank you for the note of congratulation which 
 I received from you, just before leaving Michigan 
 University, and to tell you that I owe my degree in 
 large measure to you. The inspiration to continue 
 my studies in some Eastern college came to me at 
 Monterey, when you invited me to Chautar lua, and 
 expressed the hope that I would be there in '^2 to 
 receive my diploma. I said I would work for that 
 end, and I also resolved to go, if possible, prepared to 
 enter some college. At Michigan University I have 
 taken a four-years' course in three years, owing largely 
 to the knowledge and strength I gained from the 
 U U S. C. For this I am deeply grateful to you, and 
 above all to our Heavenly Father who has crowned 
 each effort with success, and has showered blessings 
 manifold. I feel the responsibility which has come 
 
 iit I 
 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 129 
 
 With these added benefits, and I desire in return to 
 give a life of happy, faithful service. I remain a most 
 loyal Chautauquan." 
 
 A woman writes : " I am one of the * lone ' 
 '^. 1.. b. L. s. I have long wanted to take up this 
 course of reading, but could not see where the time 
 was to come from. Last August, worn out both in 
 body and mind, I went to Chautauqua. Jnst how I 
 felt while there, would be difficult for me to tell • mv 
 heart was stirred within me as never before. I came 
 home invigorated in mind and body, ready to step at 
 once into my place, and take up my work again with 
 a/«// determination to make room and time for the 
 
 Another from another sphere of life : " Last Jan 
 uary a lady spoke to me about reading. I told her 
 that I read all that I had time for. I work in a fac 
 tory ten hours a day, and it did not seem as though 
 my reading amounted to much. She told me about 
 the C. L. S. C, and sent 'The Chautauquan' to me 
 As soon as I read it, I concluded that it would be 
 well worth the while to join. For myself, I can now 
 say, that with a dictionary by my side, and a ' Chau- 
 tauquan in my hand, I am more than contented " 
 
 From a Methodist Episcopal minister : « My duties 
 as a pastor and my conference studies are enough to 
 take all my time, but I cannot afford to give up the 
 course of the C. L. S. C. It gives me a leverage upon 
 the younger members of my congregation, and the 
 more intelligent part of the community, which as a 
 pastor I desire to hold." 
 
 From a seaman : " The first I learned of the won- 
 
 'f.m 
 
 II 
 
 m 
 
 !l!«ll 
 
130 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 f,:i 
 
 M 
 
 if 
 
 
 ders of Chautauqua was in the city of New Orleans, 
 where I met an old shipmate who was thoroughly 
 imbued with the 'idea.' As I had always been of a 
 reading and studious disposition, he told me all about 
 It. God bless him for it ! I have found hundreds of 
 persons, young and old, all over the United States, 
 who think almost as much of the 'idea ' as they do of 
 their business. Let the good work go on." 
 
 A professional man writes : « I mean to read the 
 books, whether my work for this present year passes 
 or not ; for this is the only way that I can do any 
 systematic reading, be'ng very busy with professional 
 work. It is just the thing for me." 
 
 A woman writes : " I have always felt that there 
 were people in the world somewhere, if I could only 
 find them, who would understand that poverty-strick- 
 en people may have aspirations, and yet be honest 
 and true, and that we may wish for wealth in order to 
 make progress, and not to enable us to live idle and 
 vicious lives. I presume you will say, 'of course-' 
 but I have so often been exhorted to ' be content in 
 the station in life in which it has pleased God to call 
 you.' But I do hunger and thirst after knowledge 
 whether right or wrong ; and I cannot subdue that 
 hunger unless I crush out all that is purest and best 
 in me." To such as these, the C. L. S. C. comes as 
 an angel of mercy and of strength. 
 
 From a manufacturing city : " In this city, condi- 
 tions are peculiarly favorable to the success of the 
 C.L.S.C., — a manufacturing place where a large pro- 
 portion of the inhabitants depend on their wages for 
 their living ; there are many who, having partially 
 
THE a-AUTAUQUA MOVEMENT, 13, 
 
 completed their education, have found it necessary fo 
 begin work in the mills. As a member of the School 
 Board, I have noticed this fact particularly. Our high 
 school contains about one hundred and ninety pupils 
 while there are more than one thousand in the gram- 
 mar grades. Many who are thus obliged to give up 
 study for the business of life have acquired a keen 
 desire for knowledge. The C. L. S. C. has many re- 
 cruits from their number, and is satisfying, I believe, 
 their demand for a broader culture. Many of our 
 public-school teachers have also taken the course, to 
 supplement their work in the schoolroom. I am con- 
 vinced that it is not a thing of a day, but is destined 
 to occupy a permanent place among our educational 
 institutions. 
 
 A student of the C. L. S. C. in Idaho writes : "The 
 pupils of the public school will one day be Chautau- 
 quans. There is enthusiasm over every thing in the 
 course that we enjoy together, and that is a consider- 
 able portion of it. We talked over the air, when the 
 loveliest blue mist hung for days between us and our 
 most beautiful mountain's snowy peak. My pupils 
 have treated our very near Chinese neighbors with 
 more consideration since the reading of 'China Corea 
 and Japan.' This is only the second year of 'school- 
 hte in our place, and we are largely indebted to the 
 ^- L. b. C. for help in overcoming some difficulties 
 incident to a first struggle." 
 
 From one of the leading Chautauqua workers • " I 
 was in Missouri, March last, and was compelled to 
 take a freight-train to make connection. As I entered 
 the caboose, I noticed a little candle on a cracker-bo;j 
 
 
 m 
 
 (ffill 
 
132 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 ill '!! 
 
 
 on the side of the 
 
 car. There was a door 
 
 made out of bits of leather ; and 
 
 on 
 
 hinges 
 
 , ^..- ^ rough button, nem 
 
 m Its place by a screw, closed the door. After the 
 train started, the conductor came in, and after at- 
 tending to his duties, stepped to the box, turned the 
 button, opened the door, and took out a package of 
 U L. b. C. books (recognizable as such anywhere) sat 
 down on a bench, and began working with one of the 
 Chautauqua text-books. Of course it was an absolute 
 necessity that I should make his acquaintance \ 
 approached him, and asked what he was doing ' He 
 
 t?on tl t " r?' ""' ^" '^- ^^"^^ -"^^ -y "atten 
 tion to this Chautauqua course of reading. I did 
 
 So finally I joined the circle, bought the books, and 
 put them in the box. My brakemen read with me 
 One of us keeps watch, and the others read. Some^ 
 times It is pretty hard work when we have an un- 
 usually long run and much freight ; but for the sake 
 ot the help It is, I am going to hold on to it.' I felt 
 like giving the fellow a round of applause, all alone 
 as I was in the car." 
 
 A member from a large city writes : « Please excuse 
 my sendmg the memoranda at this late hour- if you 
 knew how fully my time was employed each day, you 
 would not wonder. I am engaged from 8.15 am 
 until 6 P. M. in a store, besides keeping house. My 
 time for reading the C. L. S. C. course is when I ride 
 to and from the store, twenty minutes each way, and 
 during noon-hour. I do not tell you this to complain 
 or gam credit : it is simply to let you know, if I am' 
 sometimes a little tardy, it is not because I have lost 
 
 •»■ 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT 133 
 
 interest, or given up. I think I never enjoyed read- 
 ing so much in my life. It gives me a broader out- 
 look, and I am more interested in every thing The 
 pleasure I derive more than pays for all the time it 
 taKes. 
 
 From the Far West, a xvoman writes : " I live on 
 a farm, and my husband has no help except what 
 I give him. All of the time I am not doing house- 
 work, I am obliged to drive the horse at the horse 
 power while my husband .irrigates the land. I have 
 done my reading while driving the horse for the past 
 two months, but I cannot write while driving " 
 
 fiii^rr \T'-^^' '' " ^ '"'"'" '° >^°^ "^y memoranda, 
 f flp %u ^''^ ^^ "^^ ^^^^^^y without consulting 
 help^ These four years of C. L. S. C. studies have 
 been a pleasure as well as an incalculable profit to 
 myself and my family. I was born and educated in 
 Germany. Through these studi^ s I am now able to 
 assist my boys in their studies in the English lan- 
 guage. The Grecian schools of philosophy were as 
 nothing compared to this system of educating the 
 people. It is the grandest educational movement in 
 the world ! 
 
 Another : " Enclosed you will find the memoranda 
 tor the past year. I did intend to have sent them 
 sooner this year, but have the same old excuse to 
 plead, - ill health and many cares. The Chautauqua 
 reading has been a 'godsend' to me; for confined 
 almost entirely to the house, and often to my room 
 It has passed away many otherwise lonely hours I 
 shall hope to graduate another year, but am sure 
 1 shall continue the reading." 
 
 J 
 
 I 
 
134 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 H 
 
 
 \\ 
 
 1 ,11 
 
 !*■■■ 1 
 
 a ' 
 
 ^t! 
 
 . I 
 
 tudying 
 
 A member from Idaho writes : " I am 
 alone, do my own housework, practise my music every 
 day. I have about a hundred chickens of choice 
 breed. We are almost never without company, and 
 I drive from one to two hours a day when at home 
 We have travelled from ten thousand to twenty-five 
 thousand miles every year for the past eight years 
 You will see that I have to be rather systematic, but 
 I assure you I have had to almost turn my head in- 
 side out to get at the results of my reading of last 
 year ; for I did not refer to any helps, except on Ques- 
 tion 28 when I referred to the cyclopedia " 
 
 A r^other, after alluding to the sudden death of 
 her boy, says : " My object in -king up the C. L S C 
 course was to keep pace with that gifted boy. for I 
 had always felt that I could not be left behind ; and 
 while he at school was reading Latin and Greek. I at 
 home was reading the same works in English, so that 
 1 might have an outlook from as nearly tho same 
 standpoint as possible. I hardly had a thought but 
 for him. and around him centred and clustered every 
 hope. With this great incentive gone, you can read- 
 ily see that it has been very hard to read or study 
 and for a long time I had given up all hope of ever 
 finishing ; but friends urged me on, and I find it is 
 just what I need, and I often thank God that you 
 ever thought of the plan of the C. L. S C " 
 
 From a member in Alabama: "I want to thank 
 you for the C. L. S. C., which has opened to me such 
 a new and wonderful source of pleasure and improve- 
 ment ,• and to tell you how lonely I feel away down 
 here in the backwoods among the mountains of North 
 
 111' 
 
THE CHAC/TAUQUA MOVEMENT. ,35 
 
 Alabama, prosecuting the studies all alone. I have 
 
 ttfa't rh::eVr',ittr'-' '^"' ^T' -^'-^ •- 
 
 Which to fo™ on: Ve tluM^lt Tort' rf 
 nglcas they did in Michigan. In.t onl/a Ttmi g lu 
 
 fn Al K I "' '""-' ^"'' J '"•^' 'he only members 
 
 in Aabama: but perhaps in thinkin-^ so I am ' 
 
 •iti trr r "-^ 'iT^'^^ H,ijah°wh:'nl::ai 
 
 -^na 1, even I only, am left.' " 
 A lady applying for membership says: "The 
 C. L. S. C. promises to meet a want I have realized 
 
 1864, I have spent eight of the intervening years 
 n travellmg. Your schedule suggests a widef scone 
 than any course of reading I couW plan for mleir' 
 
 tms circle with a view of interesting my young people 
 
 Tc^cle o'f'Ihi T\ " "^ '"'^^'°" -^-' - hTve 
 a circle of thirty, all very much interested in the 
 
 work, and, as one of the outcomes of it a Youn^ 
 
 Ladies' Christian Association and Flower Mrssion 
 
 rand^^the^oViri"^.^'^^'"^ ^■■^"■^ '° I^— ^ 
 
 island the Old Ladies' Home, and other charities 
 receiving not only the smiles and prayers o he 
 .nmates but the blessedness of doing good" 
 
 A student at Williams College writes f " One year 
 ago I began the Chautauqua course in connecrion 
 with -y regular college duties. While for me rg at 
 part of the work was a review, I found that it served 
 to c mch and make fast my previous knowledge of 
 the subjects taken up, and also gave me much fnfor 
 
 vw. 
 
 I 
 
136 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT 
 
 !f: :;|;t 
 
 mation that was new, and not to be obtained in my 
 college course. I have just entered on my senior 
 year ; and, although I am very busy, I shall keep up 
 my C. L. S. C. work, believing that any time I can 
 take to devote to that will be spent to the best pos- 
 sible advantage. To one who has the advantages of 
 a college education, the C. L. S. C. course furnishes 
 a valuable auxiliary and material aid." 
 
 From an enthusiastic reader: "Since I began to 
 study in the C. L. S. C, I have spent a summer in 
 England and Scotland. Thanks to you and Green 
 I was thoroughly steeped in English history and liter' 
 ature, which made every place alive with interest. 
 At Oxford, did we not wander along the lovely Isis 
 where Addison loved to walk, to ponder and study ? 
 and did we not revel, in a mild way, under the solemn 
 shade of the venerable trees, and gaze with intense 
 interest at the manuscripts and books of the Bod- 
 leian Library .? and did we not hear Gray's Elegy in 
 that very country churchyard > Then, too, we made 
 a prigrimage to Canterbury, ' The holy blisful martir 
 for to seeke.' There were six of us, and we were all 
 of one mind. We crossed the border, and made a 
 short tour through Scotland, which included a visit 
 to unfrequented Ayr, and to Kirk AUoway where poor 
 Tam saw such a bewitching sight. The last weeks 
 of the summer were spent in the English Lake Dis- 
 trict, and long shall I remember the wonderful pic- 
 tures seen from our windows at Keswick. To the 
 C. L. S. C. is due much of the pleasure of the sum- 
 mer. Through the C. L. S. C., I received the first 
 -^ ^>,,«jr ojott^maticaiiy at home. 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 137 
 
 A mother writes : « As I glanced over the plan of 
 study for the year, and saw 'Biology,' my heart was 
 thrilled with joy ; for but a short time previous, mv 
 oldest daughter had said, ' We have biology this year 
 m high school : what is it ?' And I had been forced 
 to answer, * I don't know.' . . . The year began. . 
 My daughter studied biology in May and June. Our 
 books did not arrive until late in June. So we studied 
 m July and August, the vacation months ; and, as she 
 was fresh from the study, and had her blank-book of 
 notes, we studied aloud ; and you cannot tell how the 
 hearts of mother and daughter were knit together in 
 those days. Forty years and sixteen years ! ... My 
 daughter is a Christian ; and, as she read aloud in my 
 book, she would exclaim, ' How beautiful ! I thought 
 biology couldn't have any thing to do with the Bible.' 
 . . . And I blessed the wisdom and sagacity which 
 included this book in the course." 
 
 A lady of sixty-four years says: "Enclosed please 
 find 'Memoranda Outline,' and a paper, *Mary Queen 
 of Scots.' Will you make some allowance for sixty- 
 four years .? and the past year is the first attempt for 
 study since I was twelve and one-half years, and not 
 in very good health. It is a new departure, and one 
 I enjoy, as I live very retired." 
 
 Another lady : " I enjoy the C. L. S. C. very much. 
 It gives me courage to feel, that, although I am forty- 
 five years old, I am a scholar, and am in a school, and 
 really learning something. My chance for school- 
 education was but little. After I was twelve years 
 old, I staid at home, and worked summ.ers, and then 
 had only three or four months of schooling in winter] 
 
 ill 
 
 ! 
 
< 
 
 ' 
 
 I' 
 
 if: 
 
 138 
 
 T//£ CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 and for that had to walk a mile and a half through 
 unbroken snow roads. Do you wonder that the 
 C. U S. C. comes to me like a God-given gift ? Those 
 that have been 'scrimped' as I, can appreciate what 
 It IS to have a course of reading laid out for them I 
 do get discouraged at times when the work is hard 
 and I am so tired I cannot understand what I am' 
 readmg. 1 hope to go to Chautauqua for a week next 
 summer. That seems to me to be the nearest heaven 
 1 shall ever get on this earth." 
 
 From California: "When I read the C L S C 
 testimony in 'The Chautauquan,' I always 'think 
 Chautauqua has been all that and more to me ; for it 
 has led me from dold, dark scepticism to my Bible 
 and my Father in heaven, and it is gradually lead! 
 mg some of my friends into the light. I prize my 
 A ; !^;^°°^' "^°^e highly, that they are worn 
 and soiled by many readers ; and I believe I can do 
 
 CMe •'^' "'''''''"^'^ ^""'^ ^^^" ^^ enlarging the 
 Persons who imagine that the tendency of the 
 C. L,. S. C. IS to diminish interest in college should 
 read the following: "I will say that the reading 
 which I have done in the C. L. S. C. has been a grea^ 
 help to me, and has been an incentive to further 
 study. The ' Preparatory Greek Course in English ' 
 aroused in me a desire to learn Greek. The other 
 books which I read made me desire to know more. 
 The result was that I determined to take a classical 
 
 course in University. Therefore I shall not be 
 
 able to keep up the C. L. S. C. studies for the next 
 tew years. 
 
N 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT 139 
 
 From a lady member of the class of '82 : " Several 
 >^ears ago, I was very anxious to pursue a regular 
 course of study, but was unable to do so. Last year 
 I jomed the C. L. S. C. It brought back the old 
 desire for knowledge, and I determined if possible 
 to attend some good school. My brother graduated 
 
 that year at the high school ; and as he wished 
 
 to go to College, we talked it over, and con- 
 cluded that if I could keep house we could both 
 attend for about the same amount it would cost one 
 to board. We made the experiment. To-morrow is 
 Commencement, and as I look over the year's work 
 there is thanksgiving in my heart. I passed a good 
 exammation in all the studies I had in the C L S C 
 
 When I entered college. Dr. gave me two 
 
 hundred questions. I think he wanted to try the 
 C. L. S. C. workers in English history." 
 
 A young man writes from California : « After two 
 years with the class of 1887, I feel that I must, for 
 the present at least, give it up. You will be glad to 
 know, however, that it is only that I may give more 
 attention to other studies, for which the C. L. S. C. 
 has in some measure prepared me. I am most grate- 
 ful for the help and stimulus received from the 
 C. L. S. C. God bless it ! " 
 
 A young business-man, considering the question 
 of entering college, says : " I have been a member of 
 the C. L. S. C. for one year. This is a wonderful 
 encouragement, and has really awakened me. I am 
 happy in reading, and send my papers this week. 
 Aside from business hours, and my almost daily 
 study of Latin, my time is very short ; but I use 
 
1 1 
 
 li! . ^ £. 
 
 140 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 every second in perfect enjoyment, lookir- into the 
 Chautauqua studies." 
 
 And now we turn to the lands beyond the seas, and 
 read the entertaining and inspiring story of the good 
 work in Japan, South Africa, and Russia : — 
 
 Early in the summer of 1884, a letter from Mrs A 
 M. Drennan, a member of the C. L. S. C, and an ac- 
 tive missionary worker in Japan, brought the following 
 most welcome announcement: "From this far-off land I 
 send you some names for enrolment upon the C L S C 
 books, at least as knockers at the door for admission 
 into your -^;,r- Circle." The eight applications for 
 membership enclosed with this letter marked the be- 
 ginning of a movemeht, the rapidity of whose develop- 
 ment has been most remarkable. The aim of the Japan 
 Literary and Scientific Circle is primarily to reach the 
 young men of Japan. Concerning the special needs of 
 this class, Mrs. Drennan writes : " The young men 
 whose names I send are students, but have not the 
 money to buy books if they could even get the books 
 here. Many of them can read English, but manv will 
 have to read in Japanese; and it is a lamentable" fact, 
 that few books of a religious class have been translated 
 Infidelity has been busy, and such books are spread 
 broadcast. The young men here will read. If we do 
 not give them ^ood reading, they will take that which is 
 pernicious. I am trying to direct the reading of ambi- 
 tious young men, who read and study and think They 
 ivill read. If they do not have the right kind of books 
 thrown in their way, they will read the works of such 
 men as Ingersoll. Those in our society desired to study 
 for the sake of learning, and not simply to pass time 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 141 
 
 Any one of them would pursue the full Chautauqua 
 course if he could get the books. When you think of 
 Japanese young men, do not think of a set of rou-h 
 heathen, but of a class of aspiring youth, who, having 
 cast off their old ideas and religion, are seeking earn- 
 estly for a new, — something satisfying to the intellect 
 as well as to the conscience.'' 
 
 The success which has thus far attended the efforts 
 of Mrs. Drennan and her associates in firmly establish- 
 mg the C. L. S. C. in Japan has been attained amid 
 many discouragements and obstacles which would have 
 disheartened less earnest workers. The utter lack of 
 suitable literature, and the fact that English books 
 would be available for but a small proportion of the 
 young men to whom this opportunity would be price- 
 less, convinced the officers of the Circle that no imme- 
 diate foot-h>,ld could be gained unless suitable works 
 could be translated. In an early letter, Mrs. Drennan 
 wrote : " I wish I could impress upon the minds of the 
 thousands of Chautauquans in the dear home-land the 
 great importance of this work among the young men of 
 Japan now ; and I wish I could tell them how earnestly 
 we have, for some months, been seeking for books that 
 will at all meet the demands of the C. L. S. C, and yet 
 how almost entirely we have failed. There are fifty 
 names upon the roll for the organization of a Circle 
 here ; but our long delay and fruitless search for books, 
 I fear, will discourage many." 
 
 With some aid from the Central Office of the 
 C. L. S. C, and the active co-operation of Japanese 
 members, the work of translation was commenced early 
 in 1885. As a delay of three months must elapse after 
 
ti I 
 
 142 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 application to the government, before a magazine could 
 be pubLshed, the first number of the Japan^ese "Chau 
 
 ot Apnl, 1885 Concerning this first number of "The 
 
 ■n ,t h'T"' ^"- °'''^""^" ""'^^^ "The first article 
 m the book ,s an editorial by the editor of the large t 
 
 P-^P\^'" ,♦"- P^rt of J^Pan. He is a very fine w fter 
 nd h,ghly educated. He is perfectly enth'^siastic ov"; 
 
 the work, and all say his article is very fine. I is a„ 
 
 argument favoring this plan, and giving his view Is to 
 
 the good it will accomplish in Japan " 
 March 30. ,885, Mrs. Drennan writes : " I wish I could 
 
 siTsm in re'f"" "'"' "'"^''""^ "' ^" '"^ "^ 'he en ' 
 s.asm in reference to .our Chautauqua society here In 
 
 much less than a week after the first advertisement n 
 tX^:::7i^"''^'' Y '^'^"'^ nearly three h„" 
 
 every cop?ofth"e'fi'Tr''r ^''P"^^"'''" "^^^ g-- »« 
 
 bool Fa sil M ' ''""'''■''' ^°P'<=^ °f the Hand- 
 
 book [a small pamphlet explaining the work of the C 
 
 L. b. L.J. A second edition of five hundred was made ■ 
 
 and now m less than a week after, only abouT wo hun' 
 
 dred copies remain." Two weeks later, another let er" 
 
 >o . a long letter, for ,t would take a very long one to 
 ell you all the good things about our ' J L I C ■ T 
 
 thTir""" I""' """" "' ^"" °f J°y « y- -"Id know 
 
 here. We have just to-day from the press our third 
 
 last Tair' 'i!f ."-r°°'- ^ copy of w4h I ::t ylu 
 last ma,] Th,s makes two thousand five hundred copies 
 of the Hand-book. There have been over three hun 
 dred apphcants for membership. About one hundred 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. ,43 
 
 and fifty have paid up all dues. Our secretary has an- 
 swered over seven hundred letters of inquiry. Applica- 
 t.ons have come from several cities, for the privilege of 
 organ,zu,g branch societies. With your kind aid for a 
 httle while, we will have an influence that will spread 
 over this entire land, doing great things for this people. 
 My heart was thrilled with delight the other day on 
 receivmg some letters as applications for membership 
 from some soldiers in a distant city." 
 
 The membership at this time (April, 1885) had 
 reached one hundred and seventy-five, and was rapidly 
 mcreasing. The students were enthusiastic, and anx- 
 lous to be recognized by the Central Ofl^ce in America • 
 and although they were supplied with membership' 
 cards pnnted m Japanese, they were very eager for the 
 regular membership-card of the class of '88, sent to 
 
 circT/rT'";''""""'^-, ^" "'^ "<^^' '*° '""""'s the 
 circle took a long step forward. Mrs. Drennan wrote 
 
 June 29, .88; : "We now, after carefully looking ove; 
 all names, and writing down only such as we feel are 
 really paid up, find on our books seven hundred and fifty 
 rnllM^ ^ ;^v""™ '"'' beautifully arranged names, en- 
 rolled as Chautauquans, whose aim and ambition is to' 
 read this course, and thus link themselves with the 
 m elhgent of other nations, and also to secure for them- 
 selves the coveted prize of a diploma from America, 
 ne J. L. t,. c. IS flourishing beyond our most san- 
 guine expectations. Think of a class in Japan, num- 
 bering seven hundred and fifty members ! It is simply 
 wonderful. Our president told me that many letters 
 come from different sections, where the books have 
 gone, asking, 'Who is this Jesus of whom you snoke in 
 
 til 
 
til. ° 
 
 144 r//E CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 the book'? What do you mean by -Christian ^r^'-> 
 What is the 'Christian Church'? etc' tLs ^ng Tim 
 
 nev"';: """' '^'"■'^' '° """^ "•>''- '''-y 
 never see. These questions he answers by letter and 
 
 readmg the books ; and even jinrikisha men are seen 
 sut^g on their jU^HHsUas, waiting for custom! wi h 
 the,r dictionary and ' Chautauquan ' in hand, studying 
 the course. Praise God for this gift to Japan ! ^ ^ 
 
 study in Chautauqua meetings. To save expense, we 
 are now u.».ng my schoolroom. All desks, etc are 
 removed . have th, floor covered with soft mats such 
 as they have m their houses (these I rent for the night) 
 
 itft ^„'',^'^.?,':^^^™* fl°--s. pictures, books, etc., and 
 light up bnlliandy. At the gate have two large oiled- 
 
 farre'chf 'T? '""' " ""^^ '»"«' °" '-^-h in 
 large Chinese and Japanese characters is written the 
 
 name of our society. These lighted give a very pretty 
 
 effect I have tables for the secretary, presiden?, and 
 
 reporter ; at these tables are chairs. All the member, 
 
 come m with shoes off, and take their seats in order 
 
 upon the floor. At the appointed hour we open with 
 
 singing and prayer. Then each member takes out his 
 
 book ; and, beginning with the first article, they ask 
 
 any questions they have marked in their reading durino- 
 
 the week. These the president is expected to answer" 
 
 Ifft^- T P'''""''"" 'he same article; thus, 
 by the time they are through, each article is well dis' 
 cussed. After this, some one appointed gives a lecture 
 
! 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 145 
 
 or a short talk ; then singing, and a prayer to close. It 
 IS very interesting to me to see so many intelligent- 
 
 innrfw"? ""^"^""^^''y ^'"dying, and asking ques- 
 tions, hat show that a new field of thought is being 
 
 tgypt, the Pyramids, Assyria, America," etc 
 
 A summer assembly was. planned by the officers of 
 tne J. L. b. C. ; but owing to a disastrous flood which 
 swept over the city of Osaka and vicinity, destroying 
 much property and thousands of lives, the circle were 
 lor a time compelled to abandon the idea. The latest 
 reports from this vigorous branch of the C L S C 
 received within a few week., show that the interest in 
 Chautauqua work is still growing rapidly. Difficulties 
 and discouragements have not in the least diminished 
 their enthusiasm. 
 
 Mrs. Drennan writes in November, 1885- "In the 
 beginning of the society meetings, we always opened 
 and closed with singing and prayer. Many young men 
 
 anrh^d' r 7"" '"r"^'' °PP°^"' to Christfanity, 
 and had heard none of its teachings. At first manv 
 wouid not kneel ; others laughed aloud, not boi^terrs ^ 
 but audibly. It was the first prayer they had ever 
 
 churches. Our president told me that a short time ago 
 he baptized in his church one of those young men, who 
 said his first religious instruction was in our little Chau- 
 tauqua meetings in my room. There are now over one 
 
 r!n^r tT'""""'- ''^'^ "^ ^^^"^■•'^d '" ^" parts of 
 Japan. There are six local circles formed, and others 
 
 w 1 be formed soon. A majority of the members of 
 
 our society are not Christians. There are all grades of 
 
146 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 society, from the jinrikisha men up to lawyers, judges 
 
 and government offieials. There are a numbe^o so N 
 
 d. rs, also young students, pastors, editors, and „?en of 
 
 o ty.five or more: our secretary is forty-five Manv 
 
 Iad,es also are members, and many in the schools " 
 
 i'rom Japan, let us pass to the far South on the East- 
 
 o'am:L'b"e/r"h: c. u'^' t "'^^ ^■'°" ^" '"-^p- 
 
 Miss Theresa M. Campbell, a member of the class of 
 1884 m Tennessee, sailed for Africa in June, 188 to 
 take charge of a public school for girls at R v rs lie 
 Cape Colony In spite of the delay consequent upor^ 
 
 fie .1 ie?att™T'' "^?" '™'" ^"^<="-' =>"" "^"^ ' f" 
 hcu ties attendmg work in a new school in a strange 
 
 and th.s enthusiastic member of the Circle worked 
 steaddy on, and in due time reported to the America^ 
 office her completion of the four-years' course ?^ 
 daL"';o'tatT'T''^" '^^' •>- P-'t'onTRiverl" 
 
 .7! .884 - ^^ "'' "'^^''""^' ''="<=d Dec. 
 
 .2^T}t ■ ^l'"'' ™y daydream for the last three 
 and a half years has been fulfilled, and there is a Sn, 1 
 A ncan Branch of the C. L. S. C.' From the ;ilef 
 C L S°C ::,r^-^'^-«• ^ '-ve ta^ed abo'ut the 
 
 I had C L Tc '"l^'\' """' °^ "y ^"<="ds thought 
 1 had C L S, C. on the brain. I must confess I had 
 begun to thmk it was all wasted breath : so you maj 
 
 ttl7the"!?' "'" ' "" '""'^^ '° "-' --™ ' 
 
 ^. J.. 5. L. The members of the 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. ,47 
 
 in regard to the C T «; r fu ^ feelings 
 
 Who"':: LtSTT", ^^^"'^' ^ -^-rof -an thi 
 
 wno were leaving school, and wished to have their hnm. 
 to meet them, and explain the Chautauqua plan Befnr. 
 O: .r This r1 '"^ ^"""^ ^^"^='" ^-cHlas 
 
 ercises. and explain our plan to them '""'""'^^y .«><- 
 
 great things from our branch a ITth ^ "" "'"^ 
 the teacher.! af th. """<:"' as, with the exception of 
 
 PoLt from Vu "'"■^' ^"^"y "'^""'er will be the 
 
 pomt from which new circles will be formed Th! 
 young ladies are very enthusiastic over it anTlhnJ ? 
 
 : : :nfof th r" ''- ^°™'"^ °f -- icti 
 
 every one of the places now reoresentPrl c^ r , 
 members I know you will be v^uet inte^sttd' „' 
 
148 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT, 
 
 r-;Mii 
 
 i* 
 
 J i. 
 
 months later fifteen more names were received, and 
 Miss Campbell wrote, " We do not despair of getting 
 our hundred in another three months." 
 
 In July, Miss Campbell received the government 
 appomtment of principal of the Rockland Seminary at 
 Cradock, Cape Colony, leaving the care of the Welling, 
 ton Local Circle in the hands of Miss Landfear, the 
 secretary. The C. L. S. C. has steadily increased in 
 numbers, and a letter written in November reports the 
 total membership in South Africa as eighty-seven 
 
 Miss Landfear writes in October: " Our Wellington 
 Circle holds meet.'ngs once in two weeks ; and very pleas- 
 ant gatherings they are, with selections of readings, ori- 
 ginal papers and music. This is the only local circle 
 that has yet been started. We feel that we are at a dis- 
 advantage in being ^o far away from Chautauqua, but we 
 are glad that its hel, can reach out to this distant end of 
 ^r . ;, '^!'^ ""^^^^ members are mostly solitary ones." 
 The following sketch of the First Chautauqua Assem- 
 bly m South Africa will give an idea of the interest 
 awakened and the character of the work which is being 
 accomplished. ^ 
 
 The greetings of the South Africa Assembly were 
 received ,n time to be read at the opening of our Chau- 
 tauqua Assembly in August, 1885. 
 
 Huguenot Seminary, Wellington, 
 June 30, 1885. 
 
 m Chautauqua Assembly of South Africa, to the Chautauqua 
 Assembly of Chautauqua, U.S.A., sendeth greeting. 
 Beloved, our prayer before God is that you may pros- 
 per and be m health, even as your souls prosper. Our 
 
^ed, and 
 getting 
 
 2rnment 
 inary at 
 A^elling- 
 ear, the 
 ased in 
 )rts the 
 ;n. 
 
 llington 
 y pleas- 
 igs, ori- 
 1 circle 
 t a dis- 
 but we 
 end of 
 ones." 
 \sGem- 
 iterest 
 i being 
 
 ^ were 
 
 Chau- 
 
 INGTON, 
 
 tauqua 
 
 pros- 
 Our 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 149 
 
 beloved leader, Chancellor Vincent, will tell you how 
 the shp-a little one -which was taken from your vine 
 has taken root and grown, and spread forth its branches 
 abroad To-morrow morning closes the first Assembly 
 in South Africa. How we wish that we could give you 
 • an adequate idea of the delight and pleasures of the few 
 days which "according to the good hand of our God 
 upon us have passed away ! We ask you for vour 
 prayers that the Chautauqua idea may grow, and become 
 as great a blessing to our beloved South Africa as it has 
 to America. 
 
 In behalf of the South African Branch of the Chau- 
 tauqua Circle, 
 
 THERESA M. CAMPBELL, Vice-President. 
 
 Huguenot Seminary, Wellington, 
 June 30, 1885. 
 
 Dear Chancellor Vincent, -We are just bringing 
 to a close our first Sunday-school Assembly. We con 
 sider It a great success. We commenced on Saturday 
 at 2 ^M and close to-morrow at 10.30 a.m. Our friends 
 have helped us most beautifully. On Saturday after- 
 noon we had the welcome address from the president 
 of the local circle; a lecture by Mr. Heale. the South 
 African historian ; a paper explaining the Circle, which 
 1 had the pleasure of reading ; and a Round Table In 
 the evening we had a vesper-service, the same you use 
 on the first evening of the Assembly. Sunday, delightful ' 
 conference and prayer meetings, normal Sunday-school 
 tepcaing Illustrated, Bible-readings, and, to crown it all 
 a most delightful communion-service. Monday morn- 
 ing, two papers on " Impressions of America," by some 
 friends who have recently returned from a trip there • 
 
150 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 i ! 
 
 I 
 
 ■'\ t 
 
 and a model of the "Tabernacle" was exhibited and 
 explained. In the afternoon, a lecture on " Number," 
 by one of the professors in the Theological Seminary, 
 and a paper. In the evening, a most charming lecture 
 on " Poetry and Wordsworth," by the principal of the 
 Normal College in Cape Town. This morning we had 
 a lecture on " Frances Ridley Havergal," illustrated by 
 her music and hymns ; and a paper on the missionary 
 work in Africa. This afternoon, a fine lecture, given 
 by one of the professors from the Stellerbosch College, 
 on " Memory. " This evening, a lecture on " The Higher 
 Education of Women, its Duties and Responsibilities," 
 by our one lady physician. To-morrow morning we have 
 an address on "The Needs of Africa," and the presi- 
 dent's farewell words. Sunday, at six o'clock, we had ' 
 the vesper-service. It was a great success. Besides 
 what I have mentioned, we have had classes in kinder- 
 garten , drawing, etc. The weather has been simply 
 perfect, and our audiences remarkably good; between 
 two and three hundred have crowded in to every thing 
 that has been going on. I resigned my position as 
 president, but found myself at once elected as vice- 
 president. Rev. G. R. Ferguson has been elected as 
 our president. The secretary remains the same. Our 
 sessions at the Round Table have been very interesting. 
 You must please excuse this hastily written account, 
 but I wanted you to get it in time for the Assembly, 
 so it must go by this mail, and I am writing after 
 midnight so as to catch the mail to-morrow morning. 
 With kindest regards, I remain 
 
 Yours truly, 
 
 THERESA M. CAMPBELL. 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT 151 
 
 Turning from these two flourishing Chautauqua col- 
 onies in Japan and in South Africa, our attention is 
 arrested by news of a remarkable movement which is 
 takmg place m Europe. The leader in this latest enter- 
 prise IS Russia ; a strange fact, when we consider that 
 Eng and, at this time, could boast not one Chautauqua 
 Circle, and but few individual members. The first im 
 pulse given to Chautauqua work in Russia was the effect 
 of an Illustrated article explaining the various Chautau- 
 qua organizations, which appeared in the karch number 
 of a Russian magazine, " Nov." This magazine i.c pub- 
 lished by an old and reliable firm in St. Petersburg 
 The best writers contribute to its columns, and it has " 
 a wide circulation throughout the country. The article 
 was written by a Russian lady, long a resident of Amer- 
 ica, and at present political correspondent from New 
 York for St. Petersburg and Moscow papers. While 
 in Ohio she became greatly interested in the work of 
 the Chautauqua Circles, and as a result of that interest 
 sent a carefully prepared article on Chautauqua to the 
 Nov, that Russian readers might know what was 
 being accomplished by this great American institution. 
 The effects of this article were at once apparent. 
 Many inquiries reached the author of the article The 
 publishers in St. Petersburg were almost overwhelmed 
 with requests for programmes of the Chautauqua stud- 
 les ; while a few letters addressed rather indefinitely to 
 Chautauqua, America," etc., found their way in time 
 to the Central Office. These communications were 
 written in French, German, or Russian; and here at 
 once a serious difficulty presented itself. But few of 
 tn^ „i.paccxn.a coulu wnce or even read the English 
 
J 
 
 ■I 
 
 J' 
 u 
 
 152 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 M 
 
 
 language. The interest manifested is shown by the fact 
 that several applicants enclosed membership-fees in 
 Russian stamps, while another directed his banker in 
 New York to remit the necessary fee without waiting 
 for further information. 
 
 Meanwhile the "Nov," to meet the great demands 
 made upon it for a course of study, published a list of 
 tCAt-books on various subjects, and announced that stu- 
 dents might send their names for enrolment to that 
 office. Peculiar difficulties present themselves when 
 we consider the possibilities of extending Chautauqua 
 work m Russia ; such as, the language, the peculiar 
 characteristics of the people, and certain government 
 restrictions. And although the present movement is in 
 no way under Chautauqua control, it is the outgrowth 
 of the Chautauqua idea ; and in the not far distant 
 future we are confident that a Russian Chautauqua 
 Circle wdl be a reality. Already several names from 
 Russia (English-speaking students) have been enrolled 
 in America. The following extract from a letter written 
 by the author of the article in "Nov" shows emphat- 
 ically that the desire for knowledge is as keen among 
 the multitudes of young men and women in Russia, as 
 m our own country or in other foreign lands • — 
 
 "The editor of that magazine (Nov) has recently 
 published a list of ninety-four names of persons 
 (among whom four women) who have joined the 
 Russian Chautauqua Circle, and have begun to read 
 the regular course of study. These people range in 
 age from seventeen to fifty-two, belong to all condi- 
 tions of life, and are the only ones who allowed tb-> 
 names to be published. Two hundred and eight m -.. 
 
the fact 
 -fees in 
 inker in 
 waiting 
 
 emands 
 
 . list of 
 
 hat stu- 
 
 to that 
 
 5 when 
 
 itauqua 
 
 )eciiliar 
 
 rnment 
 
 nt is in 
 
 growth 
 
 distant 
 
 tauqua 
 
 3 from 
 
 nrolled 
 
 mtten 
 
 "nphat- 
 
 among 
 
 sia, as 
 
 cently 
 srsons 
 d the 
 > read 
 ige in 
 condi- 
 thcir 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT, 153 
 
 persons have joined the circle, follow the course of 
 studies, but don't allow their names to be purshed 
 boov'^r?''"'^-^"^ other persons ^....l^^St^ 
 books determmed to follow the course of the ftud es 
 but choose to preserve the strictest incoJl evenTn' 
 their correspondence with the editors of th; Nov" 
 who are also the organizers and conductors of 2 
 Russian circle Tf oii <-u , '^"•-luxj, or tne 
 
 tematically the course of self-instruction arp tn L 
 
 foTtSr''^ ""-"^ ^■""""'^ *° thre^LTre "an! 
 £ that ;;;:"" "-espectaMe showing, consider- 
 
 months xLtS'o Th '"" ''^'"'' ""'>' ^ f^ 
 ages ran^inrf. ^ . ^ *^'^ "P^" ^i^xitr^ts are of 
 ages rang ng from twenty-five to thirty-five A few 
 
 'two or rcjT- r '"^"^-~ ^-^^ -^ 
 
 7 . , ° °^ ""^«« 01 nineteen and seventeen hpfnr» 
 which age members are not enlisted " ' ^ 
 
 interest manifested by 'The Chautauquan ' in conrcLt 
 and disseminating items of news concerning the dffef 
 ent sub-circles which own fealty to and gafher insnira 
 .on from our now mighty parent circle, I take pleasure" 
 M-'M?"^ ">« '^""tinued prosperity of the .Mai' 
 
 -pet O^cir 1" '" '"•= ■"''™P°"^ °^ "><= -S. 
 tropics. Our circle s name is taken from the fn^mnf 
 
 and beautiful «../..vine, with /.:. (or wreatls) o;^' 
 
 the Hawaiians are fond of decorating themselves'on 
 
S! 
 
 ■■■I 
 
 154 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 ii' 
 
 ! ; 
 
 IJ:' 
 
 festal occasions. We number seven enthusiastic mem- 
 bers, who have reaped great benefit from the prescribed 
 course during the past year ; and we expect a largely 
 increased membership at the opening of the coming 
 term. The interest in the C. L. S. C. course of study 
 is extending rapidly in the Islands, and promises the 
 formation of several new circles in the near future. 
 The coming vacation will be utilized by a party of the 
 ladies of our circle, to visit the world-renowned volcano 
 and burning lake of • Kilauea (Kee-lau-a-a) ' on the 
 island of Hawaii ; to which the late establishment of a 
 new and easy route is attracting crowds of visitors, both 
 local and foreign. Please accept the cordial 'aloha' of 
 the Maile Club." 
 
 Although I have allowed these interesting quotations 
 to multiply much beyond my purpose when I began, it 
 will not do to omit the following testimonials concern- 
 ing the value of the work done by local circles, which 
 have now become centres of great social and literary 
 influence all over the land. From an Illinois circle we 
 have this report : " This circle was formed over a year 
 ago, and closed its first year's work in June last, with 
 a positively brilliant entertainment. The affair was a 
 great success; as, indeed, the whole year had been. 
 The ninety members went into it with a will. The 
 church in which the exercises came off was beautifully 
 decorated, programmes were printed, the best of music 
 and literary performances provided ; and to crown all, in 
 spite of the fact that our town is a literary centre whereT 
 people are lectured and essayed and entertained year out 
 and year in, a magnificent audience greeted them. Not 
 strange that the members are proud of their success." 
 
ic mem- 
 ascribed 
 
 largely 
 
 coming 
 
 )f study 
 
 ses the 
 
 future. 
 Y of the 
 volcano 
 on the 
 ;nt of a 
 •rs, both 
 lo/ia ' of 
 
 Dtations 
 egan, it 
 :oncern- 
 !, which 
 literary 
 ircle we 
 a year 
 St, with 
 r was a 
 i been. 
 I. The 
 utifully 
 [ music 
 n all, in 
 2 whereT 
 ^ear out 
 1. Not 
 cess." 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 155 
 
 From a local circle in Maine: "We have a constitu- 
 
 r; ^^tr^7y I w'"'^ "^ ""^^ "^^^*^"^- Our motto 
 (one of Garfield's) is, 'Be fit for more than the thing 
 
 you are now doing.' At each meeting, each member 
 pays one cent or more, and if the money is not used in 
 the circle it goes toward paying our annual fee. The 
 president is a dressmaker; and 'we girls,' or at least 
 four of us, work for her. We have reading in the shop 
 nearly every day, forty minutes or more, and then talk 
 of what we read. Almost a Socratic school in a dress- 
 maker s shop! Friday evening of each week, the shop 
 takes on another look. The work is put away, the table 
 drawn out, the bright cloth laid, the lamps 'trimmed and 
 TT^: uf '''''' ^^^ members take their seats and place 
 at the 'table square,' and for two or more hours we 
 spend a refreshing and enjoyable evening " 
 
 From a local circle in Missouri: "I have delayed 
 writing you, in order that I might tell how Chautauqua 
 wears with us We organized Sept. 12, with six mem- 
 bers ; and although our number is still the same, our 
 enthusiasm has steadily increased, and you may count 
 on signmg six diplomas for our little circle in '80 Nor 
 will we stop then. A broad field is opening before us 
 
 couraged''" ^''"^ '" '''' '"^ ^' ^^" ' "^ver be dis! 
 
 vefr.tf "" '%^r'' ""'^^"^'"^ ^" ^^78, reported four 
 years later as follows: "Our class started with fifteen 
 and we graduate fifteen strong. None faltered or feli 
 out by he wayside." A year later, the secretary of 
 this circle writes : " The graduates of 1882 still remain 
 banded together, and are this year pursuing the special 
 course of modern historv 'Fifte-r ' •- -t'-^ - ' 
 
156 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 i 1 
 
 ■ .1 , 
 
 number,— the number with which the class was organ- 
 ized in 1878, the number that graduated, a.id the num- 
 ber that are at present pursuing the special course." 
 
 "A circle in Kansas started off on its opening night 
 with twenty-six members, who at the next meeting in- 
 creased to forty-one. The Kansas State Agricultural 
 College is in their town, and professors and students are 
 taking hold of the club with interest." 
 
 From Michigan comes the following : " Our circle of 
 eight members has been nameless until our last meeting, 
 when it was decided to call it the 'Thorn-apple Circle.' 
 Our meetings have been held semi-monthly, at the home 
 of an invalid member who is very zealous in the work. 
 Two of our members live at a distance of five miles 
 from the village, but have regularly attended the circle 
 gatherings, though much of the time the weather has 
 been such as would have discouraged any one not 
 blessed with the Chautauqua spirit. Our meetings have 
 been exceedingly profitable, and the prospect is flatter- 
 ing for a much larger class the coming year ; as much 
 interest has been manifested by those who have visited 
 our semi-monthly meetings." 
 
 The student of statistics will be pleased to examine 
 the following reports from the Plainfield oflfice (com- 
 piled by Miss K. F. Kimball, the Secretary), concern- 
 ing several classes of the C. L. S. C. I present the 
 figures without comment. 
 
 Of the original enrolment of the class of 1882, there 
 were under twenty years of age 881 persons; between 
 twenty and thirty years, 3,805 ; between thirty and forty 
 years, 2,346; over forty years of age, 1,214; of the ffrari- 
 uates of this class of '^2, there were 27 under twciity, 
 
 '^ 
 
! 
 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 157 
 
 628 between twenty and thirty, 567 between thirty and 
 forty, 472 over forty years of age. In the class of '82 
 there were three men to five women who joined, and 
 one man to three women who graduated. One-fifth of 
 the entire class of '82 graduated. One-seventh of the 
 men, and one-fourth of the women, enrolled at the be- 
 gmnmg of the class of '82, received diplomas. 
 
 Of the three classes '82, 'Zi, and '84, there were en- 
 rolled under twenty years of age, 2,943 ; between twenty 
 and thirty years, 1 1,713 ; between thirty and forty years, 
 5,874 ; over forty years, 3,166. 
 
 The C. L. S. C. is a school for people out of school, 
 and Its success in the future is to be secured by a wise 
 adaptation of its methods to this special class. 
 From the C. L. S. C. we turn to another plan:— 
 The Chautauqua Book-a-Mon .-h Reading Circle 
 under the supervision of Dr. J. L. Hurlbut, aims to 
 supply the needs of a large class of people, who desire 
 a course of reading less extensive than that of the 
 C. L S. C. Its works are a little more recreative and 
 popular in their style, and chosen rather for reading 
 than for close study ; and with the design of supple- 
 menting the C. L. S. C. for some, and of substituting 
 an easier line of literature for others. It embraces a 
 course of thirty-six volumes, one for each month during 
 three years, in the various departments of literature • 
 so arranged that it may be accomplished by reading 
 from twelve to twenty pages each day. There are few 
 people who cannot spare the time requisite for such a 
 course of reading, especially if the books chosen are 
 interesting in their subjects, and attractive in their 
 style. The works selected for the course include the 
 
II 
 
 i 
 
 158 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 history of the most important nations, and a few. of the 
 greatest epochs ; biographies of the men most famous 
 for their achievements in statesmanship, conquest, and 
 literature; a few choice books of travel in the unfre- 
 quented portions of the earth ; some works of popular 
 science; the great essays of the greatest essayists; 
 and a small number of works of fiction, the master- 
 pieces of romance, several of them historical pictures 
 of past ages. A course of reading embracing so wide 
 a range in so small a compass must necessarily be 
 limited in the number of its selections from any one 
 author, however distinguished; but it is hoped that 
 the works selected may lead many of the readers to 
 seek a closer acquaintance with their writers. 
 
 The Chautauqua Musical Reading Club is an 
 experiment which has not received sufficient attention 
 from the management to justify a decision as to its 
 practicability. A prospectus, prepared by Prof. W. F. 
 Sherwin of Boston, states its objects and methods as 
 follows : — 
 
 "There are thousands of earnest students of music 
 among us, who sincerely desire to know something of 
 the literature of their art. There are thousands of 
 others in whose hearts such desires would burn if they 
 only knew how much of fascination there is in the 
 pursuit of this literature. 
 
 "The true lover of music, who would gain an en- 
 trance into the secret realms of the ' divine art,' must 
 know the history of its evolution, and as well also the 
 history of the lives and struggles of those whom we 
 by common consent call 'masters.' 
 
 " He must also study the history of great composi- 
 
i^.of the 
 famous 
 est, and 
 I unfre- 
 popular 
 sayists ; 
 master- 
 jictures 
 so wide 
 rily be 
 ny one 
 ;d that 
 ders to 
 
 i is an 
 
 tention 
 
 to its 
 
 W. F. 
 
 Lods as 
 
 music 
 ling of 
 nds of 
 if they 
 in the 
 
 an en- 
 ,' must 
 so the 
 Dm we 
 
 mposi- 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 159 
 
 tions, by watching carefully their gradual development, 
 the pams-taking labor bestowed upon them, and by 
 reading the analyses and criticisms of celebrated musi- 
 cal scholars and profound thinkers. By such study he 
 IS sure to gain access to a world of beauty that is yet 
 only known and fully appreciated by a favored few 
 But while there are so many who really desire just 
 such knowledge, they do not know how to begin. 
 
 "Even learned musicians, when suddenly surprised 
 by the question, ' What musical literature shall I read .? ' 
 stop to think, and lament the fact that the few that 
 have read were compelled to grope their way in the 
 dark without the advantage of any systematic arrange- 
 ment. *=• 
 
 "Then, even when a small catalogue of books is 
 furnished, the beginner in musical literature finds him- 
 self greatly in need of directions, explanations, sugges- 
 tions, and almost endless assistance. 
 
 "The C. M. R. C. proposes, ist. To furnish such a 
 course of study as we think will yield the greatest 
 amount of genuine instruction and entertainment to 
 the music-loving reader; the great desire being to 
 qmcken the musical understanding, and arouse the 
 enthusiasm. 2d, To conduct the classes, examinations, 
 etc., on the same plan as that so successfully pursued 
 by the C. L. S. C. 
 
 "A course of study is provided for two classes of 
 readers : ist, For those who are practical students of 
 music, who have already made some progress in the 
 elements of music, and who desire not only to be intel- 
 ligent concerning music, but also to acquire a knowl- 
 edge of science for practical purposes. For such the 
 
i6o 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 * Scientific Course ' is prescn'l^cd. To successfully 
 prosecute this course, at If,:.-^ ■% hour per day of 
 earnest study will be necessary. The reading in this 
 course is precisely the same as that found in the ' Lit- 
 erary Course,' omitting the 'Musical Romance,' and 
 substituting therefor the ' Science List.' All ^vho de- 
 sire to make their knowledge of music tliorough should 
 attempt this course. 
 
 "2d, The 'Literary Course' is prepared especially 
 for those who are simply lovers of the art, having no 
 desire to prosecute its study into the science of har-, 
 mony, etc. This is emphatically a course intended for 
 the musical culture of the minds of knowledge-loving 
 people. It is intended for those who would be intel- 
 ligent concerning music and musical matters, without 
 being scientific musicians themselves. In this course, 
 simply the 'Romance List' is read with the regular 
 literature (history, etc.), omitting the 'Science List.' 
 Forty minutes per day will suffice for this course." 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 I6l 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 " The real object of education is to give children resources that will 
 endure as long as life endures; habits that time will ameliorate, not 
 destroy; occupation that will render sickness tolerable, solitude pleasant, 
 age venerable, life more dignified and useful, and death less terrible '^^ 
 Sydney Smith. 
 
 'T*HE Chautauqua Young Folks' Reading Union 
 -1- IS in brief a Chautauqua reading-circle for the 
 young people. It is a miniature C. L. S. C. 
 
 Whole families come to Chautauqua annually to spend 
 the "season;" and, of course, in the families are chil- 
 dren, — little children and big, boys that might as well 
 be girls, and girls that might as well be boys, for all 
 the difference that it makes in the freedom and joyous- 
 ness of their young lives. And there art the after- 
 boys and the after-girls, who are not yet men and 
 women, but who manage to unite the proprieties of age 
 with the buoyancv and gladsomeness of youth. 
 
 Recreation is 3ne of the principal features of this 
 delightful summer retreat. Wandering through the 
 woods, the little people gather ferns, mosses, and wild 
 flowers ; in the lake they may bathe or fish, and over 
 Its crystal surface row or sail. Games already described 
 in this volume are provided for them. 
 Many of the children, who come by the hundred to 
 
I I 
 
 M 
 
 162 THE CHAUTAU{H/A MOVEMENT. 
 
 Chautauqua every summer, have asked why there might 
 not be a circle organized for them also, to suogest at- 
 tractive and useful reading, to help them in the some- 
 times wearisome studies of the day-school, and to 
 cultivate a taste for the right kind of reading. 
 
 On Thursday morning, Aug. 18, 1881, the" " Chau- 
 tauqua Young Folks' Reading Union " was formally 
 organized. By taking the initials of this long name we 
 have C. Y. F. R. U., which is the way the Union is usu- 
 ally designated. It is the purpose of the C. Y. F. R. U 
 to aid children and young people in forming "correct 
 tastes, and in making judicious selection of reading 
 with which to occupy their spare time. The selections 
 are made with special reference to wholesome and de- 
 lightful recreation ; to instruction in the many ways of 
 doing things with the hands, so as to make them quick 
 and ready in helpful ministries ; to the illustration of 
 the practical relations of religion to every-day duties 
 and pleasures ; to the awakening and direction of a nor- 
 mal desire for knowledge, so often repressed and mis- 
 directed to the permanent injury of a child. The very 
 best writers for children and young people are engaged 
 to prepare articles and books on topics related to this 
 general plan. 
 
 The organ of the C. Y. F. R. U. is "The Chautau- 
 qua Young Folks' Journal," published by D. Lothrop 
 & Co., Boston. The "Journal" and books required 
 cost less than three dollars a year, including the office- 
 fee. The subjects are substantially the same embraced 
 m the current course of the C. L. S. C, so that parents 
 and children may follow the same line of reading, and 
 by conversation at home help each other, and thus 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 163 
 
 make home much happier than where old and young 
 have nothing m common. To all new members, a cer- 
 tificate of membership is forwarded. It is a beautiful 
 albertype, embodying the light-bearing Spirit of the 
 Union. 
 
 The Chautauqua Town and Country Club, under 
 the difcction of- Charles Barnard, Esq., of New York, 
 who thus states its aims and work, "is a town and 
 country association of young people who wish to know 
 something, and be something, and do something. It is 
 a garden-school, with plants and animals for compan- 
 ions, and friends and books for guides. For teachers 
 it has a farmer, a gardener, a florist, a herdsman, a 
 shepherd, a dairy-maid, a poultry-keeper, and other peo- 
 ple who know all about dogs, birds, ducks, rabbits, fish, 
 and every plant and useful creature on the farm or in 
 the water. The C. T. C. C. is for boys and girls, young 
 men and young women, at home, in town, at school, in 
 the shop or on the farm, in the house or out of doors. 
 One can join as soon as he knows how to read, and he 
 can join at any time, and be a member until death. 
 He can join alone, or form a local circle and join with 
 others. There are no entrance examinations, no re- 
 quirements whatever, except that one wishes to know 
 something, and be something, and do something, and is 
 willing to take up the Chautauqua Town and Country 
 Club's course of reading, and perform one of the C. T. 
 C. C. works, and pay the small fees for two years. 
 
 "The objects of the C. T. C C. are fivefold, — first, 
 to help its members to learn something about the earth 
 on which we live, its plants, flowers, and fruits, and to 
 make the acquaintance of the plants and animals on 
 
IffH 
 
 Is ! 
 
 'I If 
 
 i 
 
 \i 
 
 " li ■' 
 
 ■ i 
 
 E'i 
 
 I 
 
 li 
 
 f 
 
 :i J 
 
 !' I 
 
 f 
 
 164 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 tne /arm and in the house ; secondly, to help its mem. 
 bers to become trained, skilful, and accomplished; 
 thirdly, to show them how to use their skill and knowl- 
 edge m gaining health and happiness ; fourthly, to show 
 Its members how money is earned, to point out the way 
 to many useful trades and arts, and to show them the 
 value of good and honest work ; lastly, to show by the 
 -tudy of nature something of the Creator's wonderful 
 ways m mrnaging this beautiful world. 
 
 "The members of the C. T. C C. will be expected to 
 take up during the winter evenings a prescribed course 
 ot mstructive and interesting readings, and to give at 
 least one month, and as much more as they wish, to the 
 C. T. C. C. work. This course of reading and work 
 will extend over two summers and two winters, when 
 all who have faithfully carried out the rules of the Club 
 will receive a diploma, and become graduates of the 
 Club. After that they can still remain members of the 
 C. 1. C. C. as long as they wish. The C T C C 
 course of readings is specially for winter evenings 
 
 "The home of the C. T. C. C, or headquarters for 
 work and information concerning all matters excepting 
 the entrance of new members, will be at Houghton 
 Farm, Mountain ville. Orange County, N.Y. Houghton 
 Farm is a large, first-cla.ss farm, devoted to all kinds of 
 tarm crops and garden work. Every thing is carried 
 on at the farm that can be found in any farm in the 
 Northern States, including cattle-raising, horses, pigs 
 and sheep, orchards, greenhouses, poultry-yards, ken' 
 nels, and dairy, and fruit, flower, and vegetable gardens 
 There is, besides all these branches, a first-rate meteor^ 
 ological and experimental station. Each department 
 
 I'll 
 
 \ ■' .! 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT, 165 
 
 is carried on to obtain the very best results possible 
 1 here is also a good librarv, from which the C T C C 
 course of reading will be prepared, and all the work laid 
 out in the C. T. C. v programme of work will be actually 
 performed on the larm. All enrolled members of the 
 Club will be welcome to visit Houghton Farm at any 
 time, and can there see more or less of the C T C C 
 work actually going on. There will also be at' the Club 
 Headquarters a question-box or bureau of information. 
 Every member of the Club will be free to ask any ques- 
 tion about farm, garden, greenhouse, or in fact any ag- 
 ricultural or horticultural work; and each question will 
 be answered by some one in charge of the many depart- 
 ments o the farm. For instance, all questions about 
 sheep will be answered by the shepherd, all concerning 
 the dairy by the dairy-maid, and so on. All members 
 ot the C. T. C. C. will give their full name in asking 
 questions, and, if belonging to a social C. T C C circle 
 the name of the circle. There will be no charge for 
 use of the question-box. 
 
 "It is expected that every one that joins the Chau- 
 tauqua Town and Country Club, whether young or old 
 young man or young woman, will become an observer 
 and a worker; that is, will select from the programme 
 of work something to do for every day for one whole 
 month in each year. This will be to observe the 
 weather, observe the height of the thermometer at the 
 same hour every day from the first to the last day of 
 any month in the year, or observe and report the height 
 of the barometer, direction of the wind, amount of 
 clouds,j)r any other fact concerning the weather At 
 the sau.e time they will also, if they wish, select from 
 
 \m 
 
 ^•.:f 
 
166 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 W 
 
 ■111 
 
 J \ 
 
 
 I 
 
 if? ^ 5ll 
 
 iilir M 
 
 the programme one or as many more pieces of work as 
 they hke. This work and observation should be done 
 at the same time, so that you may learn to see the rela- 
 tion between the weather and all processes in plant and 
 animal life. The C. T. C. C. programme of work and ob- 
 servation IS arranged in a series of easy labors that can 
 be done in town or country at different times in the 
 year Every member may select any observatory work 
 any farm, garden, house, kennel, or other work that he or 
 she thinks can be done. All members are also at liberty 
 to do as many more of the works on the programme 
 as they like, provided they do them well. None of this 
 work extends over more than four months in the year 
 and none will take less than thirty consecutive days' 
 The work can be done at home, out of doors, in the 
 garden, on the farm, in the front yard before the village 
 house, in the brook, in the fish-pond, in the window, in 
 the barn, in town or country, and all of it is easy, inter- 
 esting and well worth the doing. The work may be ^he 
 care of a horse, a dog, a bird, some chickens, pigeons 
 or even carp in a pond. It may be the planting of some 
 corn, some lettuce in a frame, flowers in the garden or 
 in a flower-pot, or testing some seeds, or the care of a 
 geranium m a raisin-box in a tenement-house window 
 One may ta>^ any thing he likes from the programme, 
 provided he does it well, and reports it correctly " 
 
 The Chautauqua Society of Fine Arts is under 
 the direction of Mr. Frank Fowler of New York • 
 Miss Jeannette L. Gilder, editor of "The Critic " con-' 
 ductor. The interest in the study of art in its various 
 branches being one that is growing, and extending to 
 every town and hamlet in the country, the University 
 
work as 
 be done 
 the rela- 
 lant and 
 and ob- 
 that can 
 5 in the 
 •y work, 
 at he or 
 t Hberty 
 gramme 
 J of this 
 le year., 
 e days, 
 in the 
 village 
 dow, in 
 ^ inter- 
 be the 
 igeons, 
 •f some 
 *den or 
 re of a 
 in dow. 
 am me, 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 167 
 
 proposes to add an Art Annex to its other departments 
 wh^h W.11 provide for the study of art under the best L 
 structors, so that persons living at the farthest distance 
 from the metropolis may have the same advantages n 
 scLTs "'" as are to be had in the most ..^:Z 
 
 A plan of work will be laid out for each month and 
 the students in each branch of art-study ZTr^, 
 progress m their work at stated periods ^ ' 
 
 It IS not only the purpose of the C. S. F. A. to teach 
 the decorative and ornamental arts, but to teach art to 
 artisans so that they can pursue their trades with t^ 
 mtelhgent mterest that comes of cultivation 
 
 The course of study will extend over two years 
 Special courses may be made for special studies^for a 
 longer period. The classes will be as follows nee 
 mentary drawing; free-hand drawing and perspective 
 
 painting in oil ; crayon portraits ; crayc n drawing. 
 
 under 
 York ; 
 con- 
 arious 
 mg to 
 '^ersity 
 
'h i 
 
 r*i- it 
 
 III', 
 
 1 68 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 \'\\ 
 
 \\\ 
 
 ill if I 
 
 W 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 ^^ Do not ask if a man has been through college. Ask if a college has 
 been through him." — Chapin. 
 
 " The best and most important part of every man^s education is that 
 which he gives himself." — Gibbon. 
 
 BEYOND the' "Assembly" and the "Circle," and 
 beyond the "Inner Circle," which leads to the 
 " Upper Chautauqua," we come to the uppermost Chau- 
 tauqua, —the "University" proper, with its "School 
 of Liberal Arts," and its " School of Theology." 
 
 We have wandered with members of "The Society of 
 the Hall in the Grove ; " have saluted "The Order of the 
 White Seal;" and here we find members of "The 
 League of the Round Table," whose seven seals on the 
 C. L. S. C. diploma entitle them to this higher honor. 
 Here, too, are advanced stuaents in the " Chautauqua 
 School of Languages ; " these walk in the outer courts 
 and among the sacred corridors adjoining the University 
 itself. Chautauqua now means more than ever to them. 
 The towers of the University proper rise above them. 
 They ask why its doors may not open to them, and why 
 they may not rejoice in work, real work, with after- 
 tests in genuine examinations, and after -honors in 
 diploma and degrees. 
 
 Some remain in this goodly place, hearing the songs 
 
 
nors m 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 169 
 
 that float down from the \\\a\\f^r- Vioiu. « • • 
 
 tfl un 7 ^°""^"" ""'' "^^^ ^'g°™"^ companions 
 door by the upper step, and as it opens, they enter 
 the highest form of the Chautauqua movement -The 
 Chautauqua College of Liberal Arts 
 
 Here we find provision made for college training of 
 a thorough sort. Students all over the world may t^urn 
 he.r homes into dormitories, refectories, and roo4 f r 
 study m connection with the great University which 
 has_is local habitation at Chautauqua. Thus' "hear 
 the C L Tc^T'" '" *^ ^^^^'"''ly. "readers" in 
 
 cle"the"f. u'"' '■""''""" '" *^ "i"^i«^ cir- 
 
 cle, the ' League of the Round Table," may go beyond 
 
 student ?k'°" ''^, "''''"' ' y"""" ''^^""■^^ ^ -college, 
 student -the simple going-forth, leaving one set of 
 
 circumstances, and voluntarily entering another, tith 
 
 a specific purpose -is an action which has educating 
 
 and a del berate effort to secure it. The judgment is 
 
 arn-t/iot : "r ^r ^^ r i^^ 
 
 must fin! ;" "" '''."^' P''^^'"^' movement. There 
 Ztt, h 1 "'? "'""''" * ^^"^^ '"""ence on the 
 youth himself. It becomes a " new birth " in his 1 f e 
 He has gone to another nkn^ ";- -„^- . - 
 
 --- r — 1_. ^^_j, cveiy-aay conuuct 
 
170 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 i ^•l 
 
 ^B^ f ^^ ' 
 
 ^l^w^' i 
 
 ^HBvjf * 
 
 ^Hi %m ^ 
 
 MBpl 
 
 
 ^m 
 
 ( 
 
 ^^Il£@'b 
 
 
 ^^DHnt 
 
 Li 
 
 M '^^■ 
 
 is modified by it. He looks up and on. According to 
 the standard he has set, the idea he entertains of edu- 
 cation, and the motives which impel him, will be the 
 subjective effects of his action, — the real power of his 
 new life. 
 
 2. There ir, educating power in the complete plan of 
 study provided in the college curriculum, covering as it 
 does the wide world of thought, distributed over the 
 years, with subdivisions into terras, with specific assign- 
 ments of subjects, with a beginning and an ending of 
 each division, and many beginnings and endings, v/ith 
 promotions according to merit, and final reviews, rec- 
 ognitions, and honors. 'i^>ere is great value in the 
 enforced system of the college. It tends to sustain 
 and confirm new life, begun when the student made his 
 first movement toward an institution. 
 
 3. The association of students in college life is another 
 educating factor. Mind meets mind in a fellowship of 
 aim, purpose, ami experience. They have left the same 
 world ; they now together enter another world. They 
 look up to the heights and to the shining of crowns 
 which await the gifted and faithful. They are broth- 
 ers now : one Alma Mater to nourish them. They 
 sing their songs, —songs which, although without much 
 sense, have power to awake and foster sympathy. Even 
 a man of sense loves to listen to them. He laughs at 
 the folly, and, though himself a sage, wishes he were 
 one of the company of singers. The laws of afifinity 
 work out. Soul inspires soul. Memories grow apace. 
 Attachments that endure, adventures seasoned with fun 
 or touched with sadness, absurdities, failures, heroisms, 
 triumphs, are crowded into the four years>-and like 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMEPJT. 17, 
 
 fruitage of bloom and fragrance from a conservatory 
 may go forth to bless many an hour of wandering, rf 
 sorrow, of re-umon, of remembrance, in the later years 
 There was something pathetic in the return of the 
 famous Yale College class of ,853 to their Al^ml^r 
 two summers ago. As they wandered about the scene! 
 of their youth, under the old elms, through reci atTon 
 rooms and chapel, singing the old songs,'reviv ng he 
 old friendships, recalling faces to be seen no more, no 
 wonder that tears fell down furrowed cheeks, from eyes 
 
 friendship han that born under the ivied towers and 
 spreading elms of college hall and campus > 
 
 In college, mind meets mind in the severe competi- 
 tion of recitation and annual examination. The bright 
 boy- one of a small class at home, who had it all his 
 own way there -now finds a score or more of leaders 
 whose unvoiced challenge he is compelled to accept • 
 and how he doe. knit his brow, close his eyes, summon' 
 his strength, school his will, force his flagging energies 
 and grapple problems, that he may hola his own. oS 
 strip his rivals, and win prize and place for the sake of 
 his family s fame and for his personal satisfaction I 
 
 There is nothing that so discovers to a youth the 
 weak points of his character as the association of 
 college life. There are no wasted courtesies among 
 students. Folly is soon detected, and by blunt speech, 
 bold caricature, and merciless satire exposed. Sensitive- 
 ness IS cured by ridicule, cowardice never condoned 
 ana meanness branded beyond the possibility of con- 
 cealment or pardon. College associations stimulate 
 the best elements in a man, expose weak and wickpri 
 

 f 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 E 
 
 J 
 
 tf 
 
 
 J 
 
 . 
 
 ! 
 
 
 i 
 
 ;. ^ 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 
 II. 
 
 172 
 
 T//E CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 ones, and tend to the pruning and strengthening of 
 character. 
 
 4. Then there is in college life association with pro- 
 fessors and tutors ; and this is, I confess, sometimes of 
 little value, as when teachers are mere machines, but in 
 it, at its best, are distinguishing benefits. When teach- 
 ers are full men, apt men, and enthusiastic men, — as 
 college professors, and for that matter all teachers, 
 ought to be, — the place of recitation soon becomes a 
 centre of power. Tact tests attainment, exposes ignor- 
 ance, foils deceit, develops strength, indicates lines of 
 discovery, and inspires courage. A living teacher sup- 
 plies at once model and motive. He has gone on among 
 the labyrinths, and up the steeps of knowledge; has 
 tried and toiled and triumphed. He sought, and he is. 
 And now by wise questioning, by judicious revelation, 
 by skilful concealment, by ingenious supposition, by 
 generous raillery, by banter, by jest, by argument and 
 by magnetic energies, the teacher stirs the student 
 into supreme conditions of receptivity and activity. 
 Such teachers make the college. As President Gar- 
 field said, " Give me an old schoolhouse, and a log for 
 a bench ; put Mark Hopkins on one end, and let me as 
 student sit on the other, and I have all the college I 
 need." When an institution is able to employ men of 
 superior knowledge, power, and tact, students must be 
 trained, and all their after-lives are affected by the in- 
 fluence. For memory magnifies the worth of a true 
 teacher, and the hero of the college quadrennium be- 
 comes a demigod through the post-graduate years. A 
 dozen men of this mould, if once they could be gotten 
 together, would make a college the like of which has 
 
»v 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEAfENT. t73 
 
 onl nf ,.^''" f '" °" "'" P'""«'- Shall Chautauqua 
 one of these days find them ? 
 
 5. The college life promotes mental discipline It 
 drills and drills, and draws out. It compels eCrt' and 
 effort strengthens. It provides a system of m „t^ 
 
 ZTT^- ^'' ^'^ ''"^^"" ^' «-' -°" become 
 
 5 r 'f "^'" '^''' "^ '°"ght from the very de- 
 light the student finds in concentration and persistency 
 
 the oul r".' f '" "'"'' '" "^^ varied faculties of 
 X . « '""'^"' *'=''"''"«* P^'ver to observe with 
 
 la"ed da'ta T""^' '° f ""^"^^ "'^^'^ ^™™ — "" 
 iated data, to project hypotheses, to watch psychical 
 
 processes, to reason with accuracy, to distinguTsh be 
 
 th?oT *' u" '"" *^ '™^' ""-^ '" 'he fnn r and 
 the outer world; to grasp protracted and complicated 
 processes of mathematical thought ; to trace linguistic 
 
 to sS"*;.";?'""";"^' ^°="^^'"^' PhHosophling 
 to study he students of the ages, and the products of 
 
 It A tt "^ "" ''' ^^^" P"""P'«^ of -cU 
 
 duX .t^ n "'"'"■' ""P'"^''^ '" 'his manifold work 
 during the college term are trained and thus prepared 
 for work after the college term is ended. It i^rso 
 much the amount of knowledge acquired during the 
 four years, as it is the power at will ever after to ac' 
 quire knowledge, that marks the benefits of the coUege 
 
 6 With discipline comes the comprehensive survey 
 
 bLkwarfT" J\' ""''r °""°°'' '^"^^ 'he student 
 backward along the Ime of historical development It 
 
 Se r„d": '"f '^ '"' "'^ ''^P'hs. the m ifo Id 
 vanet.es and mter-relations of knowledge. It gives him 
 
I'i* h 
 
 !r 
 
 * > 
 t 
 
 174 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 tools and the training to use them, and a glance at the 
 material on which he is to use them. The student 
 through college is a traveller, sometimes examining in 
 detail, sometimes superficially. He gives a glance, and 
 remembers ; he takes notes, and thinks closely. He 
 sees the all-surrounding regions of knowledge ; and al- 
 though he may make but slight researches in particular 
 lines, he knows where to return in the after-years for 
 deeper research and ampler knowledge. 
 
 7. College life leads to self-discovery. It tests a 
 man's powers, and reveals to him his weakness. It 
 shows him what he is best fitted to do, and the showing 
 may not be in harmony either with his ambitions or his 
 preconceived notions. A boy born for mercantile pur- 
 suits, who comes out of college a lawyer or preacher, 
 proves that the college failed to do its legitimate and 
 most important work for him. Professors who merely 
 glorify intellectual attainment, and who neglect to show 
 students their true place in the world, are little better 
 than cranks or hobbyists. College life is the whole of 
 life packed into a brief period, with the elements that 
 make life, magnified and intensified, so that tests of 
 character may easily be made. It is a laboratory of ex- 
 periment, where natural laws and conditions are pressed 
 into rapid though normal operation, and processes other- 
 wise extending over long periods of time are crowded 
 to speedy consummation. Twenty years of ordinary life, 
 so far as they constitute a testing period of character, 
 are, by college life, crowded into four years. A boy 
 who is a failure then would, for the same reasons, be a 
 failure through the longer probation, unless the early 
 discovery of peculiar weakness may be a protection 
 
THE CHAL'TAUQUA MOVEMENT. ,75 
 
 againsL 'he perils which this weakness involves There- 
 ore It :s a good thing for a youth to subject himself 
 th,s early to a testing; .,r from it may come self- 
 
 .Wn'r-' "'f" '''.'"' P°""^ ""^y"^ developed, and 
 impendmg evils avoided. 
 
 & The true po er of the college is in the will that 
 makes way to .t, and makes way in it, and makes way 
 hrougr ,t The tasks are mastered, the knowledge 
 acquired, the recitations made, the examinations passed, 
 the honors won, by personal, rsevering will. The dis- 
 cplme by which the will brings all other powers into 
 practised submission and service is the best end of a 
 
 andTh'er!- ''"°"- ?? ^'''^' ''"""'^"g^ '^ valuable, 
 and there is a great deal of it ; but th it is not the chief 
 
 or the best result of the educational institution. 
 
 1 he college 16 not a museum, - literary, asth-tic his- 
 toric, scientific, -but a gymnasium, intellectual, moral 
 personal. Its value is to be determined by the ,;easure 
 of the man who comes out of it, -the measure of his 
 mental, executive, and moral force. 
 
 It will be evideift from all this, that all college men 
 
 do not thus estimate the institution ; at least, they give 
 
 no proof of such estimate. They do not show it when 
 
 they enter, while they stay, or after they leave. College 
 
 ife being a "fashion" in their choice circle of society, 
 
 hey fol ow it ; a precedent in their family, they sustaf^ 
 
 It . a gilt-edge to the snobbery they fancy, they put it 
 
 on. They go to get through. Dissipation, not disci- 
 
 tttffi.'! I ff u°^ ?"'' '°""S^ "^^- A '^iP'""^ that 
 estifies to a falsehood, in a tongue they cannot trans- 
 ate. IS the trophy they bear away, -the only sign that 
 
 they were ever enrolled as college students. There are 
 
..>^ 
 
 
 
 IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
 1.25 
 
 ^1^ i^ 
 
 2.2 
 
 
 lit 
 
 2.0 
 
 U 1 1.6 
 
 6" 
 
 1 • 
 
 Sciences 
 Corporation 
 
 23 WEST MAIN STREET 
 
 WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 
 
 (716) 872-4503 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 -^ 
 
 iV 
 
 S> 
 
 ^^" ^\ WrS 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^^ 
 


 iy6 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 ii I 
 
 15 
 
 I 
 
 such as these. Let us believe, as we declare, to the 
 honor of the institutions they misrepresent, that the 
 number of them is not great. 
 
 It must not be forgotten that there are "masters of 
 themselves and of their kind," who have never been at 
 college. They awoke too late to the conviction of its 
 need, or they found a line of life with opportunities of 
 study and of work outside of a university, or they made 
 the compromise with circumstance by which it became 
 "a helper and a slave." They did not go to college; 
 but by transcendent genius, by heroic purpose, by pro- 
 tracted and unflinching effort, they won place and name 
 that few of the favored sons of the universities might 
 not envy. 
 
 On the other hand, the success of self-made men, as 
 they are styled, must not weigh too much in favor of 
 the path they trod, nor must it lead for a moment to 
 the depreciation of the advantages they lacked. Great 
 as they were without the higher school and the living 
 teacher, they and the world would probably have been 
 the gainers by a complete opportunity on their part for 
 personal training. At least, so they thought ; for, if 
 there be men more enthusiastic in favor of the college 
 than college men themselves, they are to be found in 
 the ranks of the successful self-made scholars, who know 
 what they have lost by what they have won, and by the 
 manner of the winning. 
 
 Of other advantages of educational institutions, I shall 
 not now speak. They are manifold. Our youth of both 
 sexes, whatever their callings in life, would do well 
 to seek these advantages. Therefore parents, primary 
 teachers, and older persons who influence youth, should 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. i;; 
 
 constantly place before them the benefits of colleee 
 education, and inspire them to reach after and attain it 
 
 proffered, that a larger percentage of American youth 
 may aspire after college privileges, or at least remain 
 for a longer term in the best schools of a higher grade. 
 Haste to be rich, restiveness under restraint during th» 
 age of unwisdom, inability to regulate by authority at 
 home the eager and ambitious life of our youth, together 
 
 Tffl /! t' '"'"''"^'y "°«°°s of parents, who "cannot 
 afford to have so much time spent by the young folks 
 n studying because they must be doing somethfng for 
 themselves, -these are some of the causes of the 
 depreciation and neglect of the America^i college • a 
 neglect lamentable enough, and fraught with ham 'to 
 the nation. 
 
 Chautauqua lifts up her voice in favor of liberal edu- 
 cation for a larger number of people. She would pack 
 existing institutions until wings must be added to old 
 buildings, and new buildings be put up, to accommodate 
 young men and maidens who are determined to be 
 educated. 
 
 Chautauqua would exalt the profession of the teacher 
 until the highest genius, the richest scholarship, and 
 the broadest manhood and womanhood of the nation 
 would be consecrated to this service. 
 
 Chautauqua would give munificent salaries, and put 
 a premium on merit, sense, tact, and culture in the 
 teacher s office. She would turn the eyes of all the 
 people -poor and rich, mechanics, and men of other if 
 not higher degree - toward the high school and the 
 college, urging house-builders, house-owners, housekeep- 
 
-> *i:w x'T vmm. '^ m m i 
 
 i;8 
 
 T/f£ CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 ers, farmers, blacksmiths, bankers, millionnaires, to 
 prepare themselves by a true culture, whatever niche 
 they fill in life, to be men and women, citizens, parents, 
 members of society, members of the church, candidates 
 for immortal progress. 
 
 To promote these ends, the Chautauqua Literary and 
 Scientific Circle was organized. By its courses of pop- 
 ular reading it gives a college outlook to the unculti- 
 vated, and exalts the higher learning. It is a John the 
 Baptist, preparing the way for seminary and university. 
 
 The managers of the Chautauqua movement, how- 
 ever, recognize the fact that there are thousands of 
 full-grown men and women who are at their best intel- 
 lectually, and who,' with some leisure and much longing, 
 believe they could do more than read. They want to 
 study; to study in downright earnest; to develop 
 mental power ; to cultivate taste ; to increase knowledge, 
 to make use of it by tongue and pen and life. There 
 are tens of thousands of young people out of school by 
 necessities commercial and filial, who are awakened to 
 the power within and the possibilities beyond. They 
 believe they could learn a language, and enjoy the liter- 
 ature of it. They believe they could think and grow, 
 speak and write. They are willing and eager to try. 
 Out of minutes they could construct college terms. 
 They have will enough, heart enough, brain enough, to 
 begin, to go on, to go through ; and all this, while the 
 every-day life continues with its duty for this hour and 
 for that. They believe that into the closely woven 
 texture of every-day home and business life, there may 
 be drawn threads of scarlet, crimson, blue and gold, 
 until their homespun walls become radiant with form 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. t;g 
 
 and color worthy to decorate the royal chamber, - the 
 chamber of their King, God the Father of earnest souls 
 Chautauqua recognizes the tact that there are many 
 such persons who covet educational opportunities of 
 the best kmd, who cannot leave home to enjoy them 
 Parents are old or feeble, and son or daughter is needed 
 to keep the place, carry on the business, and care for 
 father and mother. Now, they could leave the old 
 people to fate, or to the neighbors, or to the tender 
 mercies of hired servants ; they could go to college 
 and stay, and get gain of culture -but it would be at 
 a sacrifice too sad to think upon. What good in a gain 
 made at such a price ? To these self-denying, loyal 
 souls, the " Chav , .uqua College of Liberal Arts "comes 
 -not with courses of reading, but with prescribed stud' 
 les, just such as are pursued in the best colleges of 
 the country, - and encourages and assists themat their 
 own homes to study, and to take all the time they need 
 m order to do the required work well. Letters and 
 lessons frequently pass between professors and oupils 
 Difficulties are removed, suggestions offered, will-power 
 developed, knowledge and intellectual power secured 
 In course of time they read Greek and Latin as well,' 
 as intelligently, as do other college students. They 
 read as wide a range of collecteral ancient classic lit- 
 erature They study mathematics, putting time and 
 thought into the process, and getting power out of it 
 They perform more experiments in chemistry than the 
 average resident college student. In physics they read, 
 observe, think, and make report. On every part of the 
 college curriculum they pass written examinations in 
 the presence of eye-witnesses, and they prepare theses • 
 
i^^t 
 
 1 80 
 
 TN£ CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 : 
 
 all of which go on file, and remain in the University 
 office as proofs of patience, fidelity, and ability. They 
 find scholars among their nearest neighbors, — lovers 
 of knowledge, college-graduates, specialists in various 
 lines of science and literature. By frequent conver- 
 sations they elicit cordial criticisms, get encouragement 
 and information, and that quickening influence which 
 comes from contact with the living teacher, and which 
 a youth of twenty, working for examination, under 
 compulsion, in a "division" or class of forty or fifty 
 students, does not always to any greater degree secure. 
 These students of the C. C. L. A. pass examination 
 alone, and must answer or try to answer, not one or 
 two out of forty, but every one of the list of forty 
 questions. They study with high ambition. The very 
 limitation put upon them tends to discipUne. They 
 cannot do as they would. They must do what they can. 
 The "cannot" and the "must" beget purpose and in- 
 vention, and out of these come strength and the joy of 
 achievement. To this class of ambitious people comes 
 the Chautauqua College of Liberal Arts. It gives them 
 help, direction, incentive, instruction, encouragement. 
 The teacher, though absent, i. oy a mystic law of soul, 
 present with his pupils, following, inspiring, quickening 
 them. By the swift and steady shuttle of the post, 
 threads are crossed and intertwined, till distance dwin- 
 dles into neighborhood, and under a woven pavilion 
 master aiid learner sit together, questioning, answering, 
 thinking, reasoning, developing, finding delight in the 
 world of truth and in the processes by which it becomes 
 their own. The end comes after a while, and upon the 
 faithful student honor and reward are put — in diploma 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. iSi 
 
 and degree. Why should it not be so ? Are these not 
 scho ars ? Have they not gained discipline ? Are they 
 not lovers of learning, with an insight into the way of 
 gainmg^ knowledge ? Are they not all that " Bachelors 
 ot Art are ? Have they not honorably worked their 
 way through ? Why should a dissipated stripling in 
 the fourth division of a college class, who has gone 
 through by special helps of " chums " and " ponies " 
 receive a degree, and these filial, faithful students at 
 home be denied it ? They know more than he does. 
 They have honestly explored the field over which he 
 has hurried. They have more power and grip in every 
 intellectual process. Why shall they not have parch- 
 ment and degree } To such as these, Chautauqua guar- 
 antees both. In the Chautauqua way the stripling just 
 described could not win them at all. The diplomas 
 which the C. C. L. A. will give, few members of the 
 lowest third of an average college class in America 
 could either merit or secure. 
 
 Besides the class I have described, there are men 
 and women in business and domestic life, some of them 
 in positions of influence which wealth secures, some of 
 them on the highway to such state of prosperity, who 
 deplore their deficiencies, and desire to enjoy college 
 privileges. Among these one will find lawyers, minis- 
 ters, merchants, and women of leisure. To all of them 
 the C. C. L. A. is a benediction. College residence is 
 impracticable. One hour's study a day for a few years 
 will give them long-coveted honor. 
 
 The C. C. L. A. recognizes and fosters the college 
 spirit. In a very important sense, Chautauqua students 
 cannot be isolated. They are « Chautauquans," and as 
 
1 82 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 1» 
 
 I 
 
 % 
 
 such are united. They are one in the fellowship of that 
 unique and remarkable movement now known all over 
 the world ; one in consecration to a splendid work, — 
 the promotion of symmetrical culture among the people 
 everywhere; one in a guild that has chosen its "local 
 habitation " among the primeval forests on the shores 
 of one of the loveliest lakes on the continent, where 
 Art has clasped hands with Nature, and bidden Litera- 
 ture, Science, and Faith abide. Here the " Academia," 
 a beautiful grove, has been laid out; and here every 
 matriculated student of the Chautauqua College has 
 a home where altar-fires burn, and the songs of his 
 mystic brotherhood ring out. The C. C. L. A. gives to 
 its members 'a peculiar pre-eminence. They occupy 
 the height which crowns the Chautauqua movement. 
 Looking down, they see the great army of C. L. S. C. 
 readers and students who compose "The Assembly," 
 "The Circle," and "The Inner Circle," — successive 
 steps in the University towards the heights now occu- 
 pied by the " College " itself. It is something to be 
 surrounded by such a constituency, and to be its fore- 
 most representatives ! 
 
 The "Chautatiqua College of Liberal Arts" has 
 power to confer degrees, — all university degrees. 
 The Board of Trustees has decided by a unanimous 
 vote, not to bestow an honorary degree. They are 
 willing to defer that official act for twenty years if need 
 be. They are resolved to honor no man whose attain- 
 ments under Chautauqua auspices would not be an 
 honor to Chautauqua. The circumstances under which 
 the work is done render it imperative that the work 
 be well done. Chautauqua is determined, in these 
 
 iiijii 
 
VT. 
 
 vship of that 
 )wn all over 
 idid work, — 
 g the people 
 m its "local 
 1 the shores 
 nent, where 
 dden Litera- 
 Academia," 
 
 here every 
 College has 
 ongs of his 
 . A. gives to 
 'hey occupy 
 
 movement. 
 
 C. L. S. C 
 Assembly," 
 - successive 
 :s now occu- 
 ihing to be 
 be its fore- 
 Arts" has 
 ty degrees. 
 
 unanimous 
 
 They are 
 ears if need 
 liose attain- 
 not be an 
 tnder which 
 t the work 
 i, in these 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQC/A MOVEMENT. 183 
 
 higher departments of educationil pffnrf f« 
 
 the resoect of tK« o u , ^^^^f"^^ ^"ort. to command 
 
 "Four questions maybe considered: (.) What is 
 the correspondence-system of teaching ' J Whit 
 
 --resAnSsy^: ^^'^ ^^^ 
 (4) What resu ts have thus f:,r k«o •^^acmngj' 
 
 in the line of t.nl l ^^^" accomplished 
 
 I. WHAT IS THE CORRliSPONDENCE-SYSTEVf ? 
 
 "A brief explanation of the plan of study bv cor 
 respondence is first in order. ^ 
 
 ea^hJll'KT'''"'"'"'' '' '"^"«^'<' 'h« ""dent 
 
 ;at Xh ai"tors:trJ:^/r:ht 
 
 5^rt V- u . '^"""^^ ■" '^> '"dicates an order of 
 2^k which the student is required to follow W 
 
 '■able to be misunderstood; (rf) furnishes special 
 
1 84 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 Ml 
 
 assistance wherever such assistance is deemed neces- 
 sary ; {e) marks out a specified amount of review- 
 work ; (/) contains an examination-paper which the 
 student, after having prepared the lesson, is required 
 to write out. The instruction-sheet is intended, there- 
 fore, to guide and help the student just as an oral 
 teacher would guide and help him. 
 
 "2. The examination-paper \% so constructed, that, in 
 order to its preparation for criticism, one must have 
 prepared beforehand most thoroughly the lesson on 
 which it is based. An examination-paper on Caesar, 
 for example, requires of the student {a) the transla- 
 tion of certain chapters into English ; {b) the transla- 
 tion into Latin of a list of English sentences based 
 on the Latin which has just been translated ; (p) the 
 explanation of the more important constructions, 
 with the grammatical reference for each construc- 
 tion ; {d) the placing of forms ; (e) the change to 
 ' direct discourse ' of a corresponding passage in * in- 
 direct discourse ; ' (/) the explanation of geographi- 
 cal and historical allusions ; (^ ) the statement of 
 grammatical principles, etc., etc. 
 
 " 3. In the recitation-paper submitted to the instruct- 
 or, besides writing out the matter called for in the 
 examination-paper, the student asks such questions, 
 and notes such difficulties, as may have presented 
 themselves to him in his study of the lesson. This 
 recitation-paper is promptly returned with all errors 
 corrected, and questions answered ; and with special 
 suggestions, suited to each individual case. 
 
 "In this manner each lesson of the course is 
 assigned and studied ; and the results of the study 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. l^ 
 
 and alive: and that thf^^' "'"'"'' ^^^P^'hetic. 
 be earnest .^L ^^orrespondence-pupil must 
 
 Whatever kl^vr\''''''''''''"^' ^"^ '"'^-'^^ ''^^'• 
 room he can f '!!! T^ '"°'"P""' '" «>e class- 
 a sturt.nf r^ . ^'"^ ^y correspondence ; and if 
 
 a s udent lacking the qualities just named undertake 
 
 pe°:f eterwTat;rtresf ^Tf''^'"^^ """^ 
 or he will rem.in 1 ? ^ qualities, and succeed ; 
 
 "■ ™= '»SA°VANTAGES UNDER WHICH THE COR- 
 RESPONDENCE-STUDENT WORKS 
 
 unde^whicr'thV"^""^ ~"'^^^' """"^ disadvantages 
 
 -:nJX^Sorsx^h:.S"cr^^ 
 iurrcar:;:::2ettatttr^ r?-" 
 
 not larger -exert u3 thl . ? """''" °^ '"'^'' '* 
 
 .^hTdr:t::::re^- '^^ -^ ^-i ; such?trr • 
 
 "2. In the recitation-room, there is a rf^rf^in .i 
 
 tTe"'v:°e'th Tr =^'^'' *^^ em^tln ; 1 : 
 Thto c:„t^1str\'^^^^ ^"-^ '" <^'^"'f^ ''™ 
 
 correspondenLCrt ""'' '''" '""'"^ '" *^ 
 
1 86 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 " 3. An earnest, conscientious teacher, in whatever 
 department he may work, will unconsciously furnish 
 information, impart methods of work, let drop sugges- 
 tions, which are not to be found in text-books. Under 
 the inspiration of the class-room he will lead his 
 pupils by paths which he himself never trod before. 
 All this, the correspondence-student loses. 
 
 "4. Ordinarily the student makes one hundred and 
 sixty to one hundred and eighty recitations in a given 
 study during the year. The correspondence-student 
 makes but forty. 
 
 " f There is a drudgery in the work of writing out 
 long lessons, which some regard as almost unendur- 
 able. This is in sharp contrast with the freedom and 
 pleasure with which others make an oral recitation. 
 
 " 6. There is necessarily a large amount of irreg- 
 ularity in the correspondence-work. The interrup- 
 tions are, in the very nature of the case, quite numer- 
 ous; and after such interruptions there inevitably 
 comes discouragement. This is a most serious dif- 
 ficulty. 
 
 " 7. The correspondence-student is not under the 
 eye of an instructor ; the temptation to be dishonest 
 is always at hand. He is more likely to use illegiti- 
 mate helps, and to misuse legitimate ones, than is he 
 who must produce the results of his work in the 
 presence of his comrades and at a moment's notice. 
 
 "8. Whatever the common opinion may be, the re- 
 quirements of the correspondence-system are of so 
 exacting and rigid a nature as to prevent some from 
 completing the work, who would certainly be able to 
 pass through the course of study in many of our so- 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. ,g, 
 
 tage of the correspondence-system, according to the 
 point of view taken. * 
 
 thZ^'" ''f^""'"' i' '^ true, exist; but some 
 
 m:dff;rhXftr'"''''^'' "'"•-'-' '■'«''%. 
 
 "I. If personal stimulus furnished by the teacher 
 IS absolutely necessary to good results on the part ! 
 the student then two-thirds of the oral instruct on 
 
 out of th,ee teachers exert no such influence upon 
 their pupils, their work being purely mechanical. 
 
 2. Is it true that this personal magnetism, this 
 personal influence, cannot be conveyed by wri ing 
 
 gr Iter^et^t'^'^H "■ ""■ ""'^ """^"' P^^""'' ''« 
 greater effect } Have not many of us received greater 
 
 m piration from personal letters than from words 
 
 uttered by mouth.' Are there not among our bes 
 
 friends those whom we have never seen, whose voice 
 
 onVbTle^r ^"''' ^''°- "-'^^ ''^ --•>ed - 
 "In my experience with students by correspond- 
 ence, brief as it has been, I can refer to hundreds 
 of men who have acknowledged the stimulus and in- 
 spira^ion receive.d by letters in the course of their 
 
 knows that he ,s a member of a class which probably 
 numbers hundreds, the members of which live n 
 every State and Territory and even in foreign lands 
 
 also r.""' '""'''■'''"" '" '^'' f^^'-' "« knows,' 
 also, that every recitation-paper is graded, that his 
 
i 
 
 i'li! 
 llil! 
 
 I 
 
 III:: 
 P 
 
 I. 
 
 l! 
 
 ! > 
 
 lil! 
 
 t : 1 
 
 I:". 
 
 in: . ;| 
 
 I i\ 
 
 I I 
 
 1^ 
 
 1 88 
 
 T/fE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 progress is very closely watched, that his classmates 
 are pushing on notwithstanding difficulties and obsta- 
 cles as great as he is called to meet. Is there not 
 stimulus in all this? 
 
 " 4. Only forty recitations a year are required ; yet 
 each of these forty demands the preparation and the 
 work of three or four oral recitations ; and were the 
 number less than forty, and the amount accomplished 
 less, the fact that the student prepares his lesson 
 knowing that he must recite the whole of it, and that 
 he must recite it by writing, goes far to make up in 
 quality what perhaps in quantity might be lacking. 
 
 " 5. The drudgery is very great, but not so great 
 as many imagine. Besides, those to whom the work 
 seems so onerous are those of whom such work as a 
 matt .r of discipline should be required. 
 
 "6, While in correspondence-work it is true that 
 interruptions and consequent discouragements are 
 more likely to occur, it is equally true, {a) that this 
 evil is largely mitigated by the fact that the average 
 correspondence-student is thirty years of afre, and 
 therefore old enough to overcome the bad effect of 
 such interruptions ; {b) that a rigid system of reviews 
 helps greatly, also, to counterbalance this evil ; and 
 {c) thar, while work lost from sickness or other cause 
 is never really made up in the ordinary" class, in the 
 correspondence-class no work is lost, the student 
 being required to begin at the point reached when 
 the interruption took place. 
 
 ** 7. After all. dishonesty in correspondence-work 
 is more easily detected than in an oral recitation. 
 
lis classmates 
 
 ies and obsta- 
 
 Is there not 
 
 required ; yet 
 
 ation and the 
 
 and were the 
 
 accomplished 
 
 es his lesson 
 
 if it, and that 
 
 make up in 
 
 be lacking. 
 
 not so great 
 
 [lom the work 
 
 uch work as a 
 
 it is true that 
 agements are 
 ;, {a) that this 
 it the average 
 3 of afre, and 
 
 bad effect of 
 ;em of reviews 
 this evil ; and 
 or other cause 
 y" class, in the 
 , the student 
 
 reached when 
 
 Dondence-work 
 )ral recitation. 
 
 TNE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. ,89 
 
 examination-paper, in each case, that at least in a 
 
 !:fbtS°'"'^"°^'^"°'''-"^'^-^P-'% 
 "8. It is proper in this connection to consider the 
 
 ti uZ"/ tf"'" ^"^ '"' °"^ "^^ ^-^ thought of sub 
 St utmg the correspondence-system for the oral • the 
 latter .s conceded to be superior, and only thos; Ire 
 admed to study by correspondence who cannot in any 
 way obtam oral instruction, (i) The fact that the 
 large proportion of correspondence-students are vol 
 untary workers removes many difficulties which under 
 
 tll^Z^V' '"'^'' ^'"^'- « What the stu- 
 dent loses in his correspondence-work, he may easilv 
 gain by attending the Summer Schools, wWch 1^ 
 dee4, are uitended to supplement the corr;sponde;::. 
 
 in. WHAT ADVANTAGES DOES THE CORRESPONDENCE- 
 
 SySTEM HAVE.' 
 
 "While it is freely conceded that there are disad- 
 vantages attending the correspondence-system, i is 
 confidently claimed that this system has some advan 
 
 pefmit"" "'.v"" ^^^'^'"'- °" ^P^- -" -"ce" 
 tlLse:- ^ thing more than a bare mention of 
 
 " I. By the correspondence-student, compelled to 
 express every thought in writing, there is eained 
 what the student reciting orally does not oS 
 acquire, - the habit of exact statement ^ 
 
 stale '.f! 'v correspondence-student, compelled to 
 
 tLt,:ir;T^.'*-i^°"^^P?'-.<'f - principle, or his 
 . o. u paragraph, there is demanded a 
 
!F^' 
 
 m 
 
 nil 
 
 mh 
 
 i; I 
 
 i| i 
 
 iif 
 
 
 i " 
 
 t : 
 
 i i' 
 
 i ii 
 
 i!'l ' 
 
 1 ! 
 
 1 1 
 
 1 
 
 Ii 
 
 
 U 1 
 
 190 
 
 TW^" CHAl/TAUQiTA MOVEMENT. 
 
 greater accuracy of knowledge than is necessary for 
 an ordinary oral recitation. 
 
 " 3. While each student, in an oral recitation, re- 
 cites only one-tenth, one-thirtieth, or one-sixtieth 
 of the lesson assigned, each correspondence-student 
 recites the entire lesson, however long it may be. iff 
 four oral recitations, each student in a class of thirty 
 recites eight minutes : in the preparation of a single 
 recitation-paper, the correspondence-student spends 
 at least two hours, aside from the previous work of 
 preparing the lesson. The oral student must recite 
 rapidly, often hurriedly: the correspondence-student 
 works out his recitation-paper slowly, thoughtfully. 
 
 " 4. The correspondence-student, given all necessaty 
 assistance, but compelled to obtain every thing else 
 for himself, or write out his questions and wait for 
 the written answer, is led to investigate, to be inde- 
 pendent in his study, and to have a confidence in the 
 results of his own investigation which the student 
 who has constant recourse to his instructor does 
 not have. 
 
 "5. If a written examination is a more thorough 
 test of a student's knowledge of a given subject, 
 surely a written recitation is not, in respect to thor- 
 oughness, inferior to an oral one. The correspond- 
 ence-system requires of its students more thorough 
 preparation of the lesson assigned, a more thor- 
 ough recitation of it, and, in a word, a more thorough 
 knowledge of the subject treated of in that lesson. 
 
 "6. A prime requisite in good teaching is the 
 ability to assif^n the proper lesson. Many excellent 
 teachers fail at this poin* The lesson is too long, 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. rg, 
 
 or too short ; the ground to be covered is not defi- 
 nitely .nd.cated ; the method of work is not clearly 
 stated, etc etc. The correspondente-lesson, since 
 It :s generally in printed form, is prepared with the 
 greatest care No part of it is given out hurriedly. 
 It .s the result of hours of careful study and calcu- 
 
 days, the student is allowed a longer time ; if it can 
 be prepared within a less time, the student can take 
 up the next lesson. Nothing could be more definite 
 than this lesson, for it is assigned with a minuteness 
 of detail which to some doubtless seems superfluous, 
 but which m the case of others is absolutely essen! 
 
 "7. Finally, whatever may be the relative merits 
 
 thinks, that there are thousands of men and women 
 unable to avail themselves of oral assistance, who 
 nevertheless, are eager to study. It is surely an 
 advantage of the correspondence-system, that it can 
 aid this large class, who otherwise would have no 
 help, and would make no progress. 
 
 "These are some of the advantages of the corre- 
 spondence-system. But is any one to suppose that 
 there exists, in the mind of those especially inter- 
 ested in this system, a desire to have it take the place 
 of oral instruction > Is the one in any sense a rival 
 of the other.? I wish here to record, in answer to 
 these questions, a most emphatic No. What is the 
 tact .? Only those persons are encouraged to study by 
 correspondence, or, indeed, admitted to such study, who 
 .ecause of age, poverty, occupation, situation, or some 
 
fliliii-Hii-IHiiiiiKili 
 
 !|jl 
 
 1 i 
 
 i ' 
 
 ' 
 
 
 ' 
 
 
 fi 
 
 
 i i: 
 
 
 1 
 
 ^ 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 
 i ■ ■ : 
 
 1 
 
 1 n 
 
 i ' 
 
 192 
 
 TI/E CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 other good reason, cannot avail themselves of oral 
 instruction. Away, therefore, with all baseless and 
 foolish prejudice in this matter ! The correspondence- 
 system would not, if it could, supplant oral instruc- 
 tion, or be regarded as its substitute. There is a 
 field for each which the other cannot fill. Let each 
 do its proper work. 
 
 IV. WHAT HAS BEEN ACCOMPLISHED THUS FAR IN 
 THE LINE OF CORRESPONDENCE-WORK? 
 
 " In the strict sense of the term, the correspond- 
 ence-system has been in use only four or five years. 
 This time has been sufficient, however, to enable us 
 to note a few practical results : — ^ 
 
 "I. It has already helped thousands of men toward 
 a knowledge of certain subjects, which otherwise they 
 would not have had. 
 
 "2. There are to-day many thousands of men 
 already convinced of the feasibility of the system, 
 who are but waiting for the moment to arrive at which 
 they shall begin. Educators in all lines are beginning 
 to appreciate the possibilities of this system. 
 
 ** 3. Institutions have been established, chief among 
 which stands the Chautauqua College of Liberal 
 Arts, through whose influence the system will be 
 more fully developed, and rendered capable of accom- 
 plishing still greater good. 
 
 " I venture, in closing this very brief and imperfect 
 presentation, to make two statements ; one an asser- 
 tion based on large experience, the other a prediction 
 based on strong conviction: — 
 
 ♦* I. The student who has prepared a certain nuin- 
 
1 certain num- 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 193 
 
 ber of lessons in the correspondence-school knows 
 more of the subject treated in those lessons, and 
 knows It better, than the student who has covered 
 the same ground in the class-room. 
 
 "2. The day is coming when the work done by 
 correspondence will be greater in amount than that 
 done m the class-rooms of our academies and col- 
 leges ; when the students who shall recite by corre- 
 spondence will far outnumber those who make oral 
 recitations." 
 
 From all that I have said, it will be easily seen that 
 The Chautauqua College of Liberal Arts " is not a 
 rival of other colleges, competing for students, present- 
 ing inducements to persons who want college honors 
 on abridged courses of study, by the way of "easy'' 
 examinations, or at greatly reduced expense. Our col- 
 ege requirements are as rigid, the examinations as 
 thorough, as those of any college in America. And 
 there are institutions where a full college course may 
 require less money than will be necessary to complete 
 the studies of the "Chautauqua College of Liberal 
 Arts. Indeed, it is a regulation of our institution, 
 that we will not receive a student who can enter a 
 resident school of the highest grade. Chautauqua de- 
 serves the heartiest co-operation of all college men 
 
 "The Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Circle" 
 by enlisting sixty or seventy thousand people (many of 
 whom are parents) in a course of English reading' 
 which embraces the subjects of the college course 
 makrr them familiar with the college world, and fhus 
 prepare, them to insist that their own children shall 
 enter that world as college students, 
 
:li i 
 
 .? 
 
 I III 
 
 
 I 
 
 ! I 
 
 Miii 
 
 194 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT, 
 
 By providing a variety of reading courses, Chautau- 
 qua also supplements the college, and encourages grad- 
 uates to continue reading and study at home and in 
 connection with business ; thus giving added value to 
 college privileges, and showing graduates how they 
 may continue to grow, and, while they themselves 
 grow, to help others in the pui*suit of knowledge, and in 
 the attainment of the power which knowledge and the 
 pursuit of it give. 
 
 t I 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 195 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 " Hi>pr,aM„g„u.k, but mm hU pra^lU, ^^,^. 
 A livmg ,>rm,„ of Ik. truth, h, taught." -Xli^^^-^, 
 
 ■•- pated by the various provisions on the Chautau- 
 qua programme for the benefit of ministers vis.W th" 
 place durmg the summer sessions, was duly organized 
 and chartered in the winter of ,88c-8.. The obims 
 of he school are thus set forth in the charter gtnted 
 by the Legislature of the State of New York ^Tto 
 instruct its patrons in the departments of bibliwl th^ 
 log.ca^, ecclesiastical, historical, and philosophical llarn 
 -ng wh.ch are usually taught in sem^aries'devoted to 
 the trammg of candidates for the clerical profession 
 
 ^dltes ? tI T '° '^' '^"'""'y °f the can- 
 
 aidates. 2. To provide an archEeoIogical library and 
 
 museum for the illustration of biblical and OrienTal re 
 
 search, and the collection of books, manuscrSrcht " 
 
 plans, casts, relics, etc., designed to assist the bibUcai 
 
 ;r:r;rii:rasr' '"•'"•"- -»■ 
 
 Although, in the language of the Charter, "the place 
 m the town of Chautauqua, county of Chautauqua, New 
 
Illli 
 ,l.i 
 
 ](• ill 
 
 hi 
 
 I 
 
 il'l 
 
 inii!!' I 
 
 196 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT 
 
 York," the work of the school is performed by minis- 
 ters at their homes ; all their biblical, theological, and 
 sermonic studies to be recognized, under certain condi- 
 tions and regulations, in the curriculum prescribed. It 
 is not necessary that the student of the Chautauqua 
 School of Theology should ever visit Chautauqua itself; 
 annual examinations being provided for, in centres easily 
 accessible to all students. 
 
 Two departments in the Chautauqua School of The- 
 ology have been announced : First, " The Chautauqua 
 School of Theology," the "student" of which, paying 
 the required fees and passing the examinations, will be 
 entitled to the diploma and other honors of the institu- 
 tion. Second, " The Jerusalem Chamber of Theology," 
 the " members " of which, paying the fees and adopting 
 the regular course of reading, study, and reports, shall 
 be entitled to all printed documents sent out by the 
 Faculty. 
 
 The "Jerusalem Chamber" in Westminster Abbey, 
 London, in the time of Richard II. was hung with tapes- 
 try which represented the story of the siege of Jerusa- 
 lem. Over the chimney-piece may now be seen these 
 texts: "O pray for the peace of Jerusalem;" "Build 
 thou the walls of Jerusalem;" and, "Jerusalem which is 
 above is free." Here King Henry IV. died. Here, also, 
 the Westminster Assembly of Divines held many of 
 their sessions. Here, too, the revised Prayer Book of the 
 Church of England was drawn up, and in this historic 
 hall the English committee when engaged in the revis- 
 ion of the Holy Bible held their meetings. This me- 
 morial centre has given the name to the department of 
 the Chautauqua School of Theology, that proffers what- 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. jg^ 
 
 nal investigator in linguistic lines rZ k r ^",'^"^'" 
 the a,es has provide! toolVrthe'il'oroftx: Sif 
 a^^Hl^^' ,''"''""' =''°"''' "« ^"le to read GreTk 
 read Enrftr' ''''' •'"'^"^"''y "^" '» enable hTm to 
 cTeek a„^ H T"""""^ °^ '"^ *°^'' "^ God in which 
 re erences olthT ""'^ °""' "'^' "^ "^^ --^fy he 
 rmphasLed Ld r^°'"°u' '^'"""^ *^ constructions 
 
 thett:St:rT:rrr:^^^^^^^^^^ 
 
 good a thing, .. w x:irr;rrr " 
 s:«;:ir?r ^^'^r^"^ cia^^efari: 
 
 spend too ™uch .^^ th^e^^^^'oE: Ic ai Si^i^ 
 
198 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 i !i 
 
 and of ecclesiastical discussions between schools long 
 since, or well-nigh, extinct ; in mere talk about words 
 and "endless genealogies, which minister questions 
 rather than godly edifying." It is foolish to commit 
 the contents of the Rosetta Stone to memory, but it 
 is well to be able to find it if one needs to consult it. 
 The Chautauqua School 0^ Theology aims to give in 
 condensed outlines the facts of Church history, the 
 historical development of doctrine and form ; and places 
 within easy reach of its members whatever they may 
 care to find out concerning the multiplied unfoldings of 
 historical, systematic, and comparative theology. 
 
 The various schools of the Church, ecclesiastical and 
 doctrinal, arp reported to all students of the Chautauqua 
 School of Theology by their respective representatives. 
 The Calvinist defines Calvinism ; the Arminian, Ar- 
 minianism ; a Baptist gives the distinctive views of his 
 branch of the Church ; and thus the Chautauqua School 
 of Theology is strictly denominational, in that it guar- 
 antees to each member not only a course of doctrinal 
 studies prepared by men authorized to speak for his 
 Church, but it enables him to test the soundness of such 
 statement by a careful reading of the positions taken by 
 other or rival schools. There is a sense in which this 
 may be called "union," but it is in the highest and best 
 sense denominational. 
 
 The C. S. T. insists upon the study of human nature. 
 It carefully searches into the social phenomena of our 
 times. It seeks the haunts and homes of men, studies 
 their trades, sorrows, wrongs, and necessities. It stud- 
 ies sociology — domestic, commercial, political — from 
 the Christian point of view. It secures for its members 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. i^ 
 
 pose the devices bvltHf."'"'^' "'^'"' ''"^ '<> «- 
 
 while it kee;r:itK: e ;: 3 r'r '"^ ^'^'"' 
 
 evidence, and how to plead" hhlnen '° ""^^ 
 
 nat^rt's^tlth tT".'".*"^' ^'""^ °^ -- 
 human naturl such a^s Sh ^""Suished students of 
 
 eray. Diclcens! George H 'of TrV,^''''^°"' T"-"'" 
 ^tudy in our iheolo^^ai hoolf the ""'•• T ^' 
 study God : why not studv »u.i the speciahsts who 
 man ? This is all thf ^^ *' specialists who study 
 
 false philosophy whch often' '"■""''"' ""^"^^ "^ ">' • 
 ous w'ay. and^w^hi: ' houM bf Mdrr^'" '^T^ 
 
 Heavily rest as'tn^— 'U.:~^-^ ^^ 
 
 hea^r^wll "/ap^pt^ ^.T "^^^ ^'"'^^ -- 
 benefit it was desf/„Tth " cTt ^ ^'"'^ 
 of the work has met with c. , ■^'^ P^^^ 
 
 constantly tested ^Jt'^o its7oJe°c ^f V^ 
 partment of Hebrew under Dr W ^^^ ^^e de- 
 
 of New-Testament Greel^ d^pt "^A W 't' 
 have been very successful. Other Je~„^7^'- 
 done excellent work, and with Dat,Vn.» ", ' ^^''^ 
 the whole scheme will soT„ / ^"'' experience 
 
 value. More t"an four h ^'T"''"^'^ "^ P^^^tical 
 anrl .!,«" ""^ hundred names are enroIleH ■ 
 
 present T "T" °' "'"'^'^^ '" Pastortl work at' 
 present, -„en who could not be in any other tLologt 
 
•iHllta 
 
 ! 
 
 i 
 
 'A 
 fiil! 
 
 '■in 
 
 I 
 
 Mii|i 
 
 :Mii 
 
 i I 
 
 
 ii.!i|>h 
 
 200 
 
 T//E CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 cal seminary. When the " ships come in," and chairs 
 of correspondence are endowed, the C. S. T. will do 
 work that will surprise the Church. 
 
 In the study of human nature the Chautauqua School 
 of Theology does not forget the intimate relation be- 
 tween body and soul. From diseased nerves often come 
 gloom and despondency, or a delirium of joy. There 
 are people, too, who perpetually sin against the body, 
 and then wonder at their spiritual bonJap:e and depres- 
 sion. Every minister needs to know the laws of physi- 
 cal, mental, and spiritual interaction. A distinguished 
 physiologist and physician, Dr. J. S. Jewell of Chicago, 
 has pre ' ' -ed for students of the C. S. T. a series of 
 papers Ui. " What Anatomy and Physiology have to say 
 to Young Ministers." 
 
 Annual praxes in the study of human nature are 
 required. Each student is furnished with blanks and 
 "character-questions," by the guidance of which he is 
 expected to study a given number of individuals in his 
 church or community, making reports every year ; thus 
 collecting valuable scientific data, and at the same time 
 cultivating in himself the habit of studying human 
 nature. 
 
 The Chautauqua School of Theology also gives atten- 
 tion to natural science. For his own sake as a thinker, 
 as a lover of wisdom ami .hr works of God, and as a 
 creature made for hi^- enjoyment, the minister should 
 be a student of natural science. How much more for 
 the sake of those whom he serves, — the young, whose 
 faith is threatened by the scepticism of the age ; the 
 studious, whose delights lie in regions of thought, seri- 
 ously needing the religious element with its moral stand- 
 
 i! 
 
THE CHAUrAUQC/A MOVEMENT. joi 
 
 partments will be, from time o/'"" '"J" ""''='' "- 
 members of the C ST '"^' ^"'^™i«ecl to the 
 
 professio"!"™!;"' keeo'in'T"'"'.'""' "^ '"« '-«™ed 
 
 "terary taste aL'^hi "velT' [ llf'''' ^''--'' 
 
 country neighborhoods, andTn all n *"'■ '" "" 
 
 cties (even on the frontier) wlhi °"' """" ""^ 
 and with public sentiment in f Z"" '"P^""^ schools 
 
 there is a growing eXlwrh?/ "^''"^ ''"'' ^'"''y. 
 allow to outgrow himself He should r""'" "'"^' ""^ 
 m order to understand th^ , ^^P "P "''* this 
 
 youth and age arrexposed^!/'?''" P^"'' "> which 
 which insidiously creep It ^"^'™"' P^'osophies 
 holds, underminfng tl^e toh ofT""""'","^"" "o"^- 
 word of God. We need nlf "'"P'^ '" ">« P"e 
 
 such as Ingersoll: but when votr'' "? """^"<=" "^ 
 concerning his statemems wrZl^hT ""^"''■^ "' "» 
 reply rather than anathema L7k .f ^'^""'""' ^"^ 
 over against his falsificaS Th/ " *° P"' ^^"^'^ 
 derstand the literarv .1.!! . 1}^ "'mster must un- 
 
 h-s gospel; and S.tTa"„d atl'if """"'f' ^"'^^-'- 
 that his matter and m ner tm co"" . "''" "'^™' 
 of the most highlv ^2\Z a *'" ."'"■"and the respect 
 C S T A^^,'^""'^"cdm his community In th. 
 L- i>- T. the modern antagonisms of cTK ^ 
 
 social, scientific, doctrinal, fcckslst^ll f "","^ ~ 
 -are conscientiously considered ''• '"' P°"''^^' 
 
 sec^u^af :ir:e"S: r "t '° ";'^ "''^^^' °f ^<'"-«<'n. 
 
 office,- the JewrflmUyscC't" *" '"' ''"'°"' 
 early catechetical and tl;t U V^^"^"^"^^ ' "^^ 
 
202 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 It 
 
 % 
 
 mr 
 
 U i 
 
 I ! !! 
 
 school ; the rise and progress of modern secular educa- 
 tion ; the relation ot the Church to culture. 
 
 A museum of Sacred Archaeology was opened at 
 Chautauqua, Aug. i6, x88i, under the direction of the 
 Chautauqua archaeological department of the " Chautau- 
 qua School of Theolog}^" Rev. J. E. Kittredge, D.D., 
 Secretary. It is the design of this society to collate 
 and report the results of the late&t explorations in Bible 
 lands ; to form a library and museum for the collection 
 of maps, books, relics, casts, etc., illustrating this 
 department of research ; and to provide for an annual 
 lecture or report bringing into available form the latest 
 thought in this field of biblical study. A gentleman of 
 wealth has erected a building at Chautauqua which al- 
 ready contains several ^di^X^x facsimiles of the Rosetta 
 Stone, the Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser, the Moabite 
 Stone, the winged bull and lion from Nineveh, the 
 famous panel of the Arch of Titus, the Hamath inscrip- 
 tions, copies of the three great Codices, — Vatica?ms, 
 Sinaiticus, Alexandrinus ; also, biblical objects, relics, 
 coins, maps, charts, etc. 
 
 Several plans are gradually maturing, from which 
 much good must come to members of the school ; such 
 as, a system of co-operative work for reading of a large 
 number of authorities on a given topic ; frequent syllabi 
 of the latest review articles, and a course on biblical, 
 theological, and ecclesiastical themes in Europe and 
 America; the actual study of homiletical science as 
 revealed by the observations of friendly critics, lay and 
 clerical ; the giving of incidental attention by students 
 of the C. S. T. to mechanical pursuits, in order that 
 they may become familiar with the varied operations of 
 
 •lili! 
 
TENT. 
 
 1 secular educa- 
 jre. 
 
 was opened at 
 Jirection of the 
 f the " Chautau- 
 Cittredge, D.D., 
 ciety to collate 
 •rations in Bible 
 )r the collection 
 llustrating this 
 le for an annual 
 I form the latest 
 A gentleman of 
 auqua which al- 
 r of the Rosetta 
 >er, the Moabite 
 <\ Nineveh, the 
 Hamath inscrip- 
 es, — Vaticamis, 
 objects, relics, 
 
 THE CHAl/TAl/Ql/A MOVEMENT. 203 
 
 industrial life, for the sakp nf k • • 
 
 enforcement of S ^ '"^ '" ''^ ^PP"^'''-" «" 
 
 More than four hundred ministers are enrolled i„ «, 
 Chautauqua School of Ti,„ i 7 '^"^"ed m the 
 
 courses of study ^^^' '""^ "' ^"""'"S ''^ 
 
 «illl 
 
 ng, from which 
 he school ; such 
 ading of a large 
 frequent syllabi 
 irse on biblical, 
 in Europe and 
 tical science as 
 { critics, lay and 
 tion by students 
 3, in order that 
 ed operations of 
 
iLjriHtiiiilrii 
 
 p 
 
 
 'J 
 
 iyiiiiii 
 
 a i 
 
 ill II 
 
 f^ ' 
 
 i 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 \ i 
 
 . 
 
 ii ii! 
 
 'I -I 
 
 i II 
 
 1 ! 
 i > 
 
 "m Hi 
 
 iir 
 
 ' 
 
 iiS 
 
 
 ■ 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 
 ^ 
 
 ' 
 
 
 , 1 
 
 
 204 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT, 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 « When the press is the echo of sages and reformers, it works welir — 
 Lamartine. 
 
 CHAUTAUQUA at the very beginning made wise 
 and extensive use of the "press," in order to 
 arrest public attention to the work attempted. The 
 " Superintendent of Instruction," in full charge of the 
 programme, was also editor of the Sunday-school publi- 
 cations of the "Methodist Book Concern ;" and as the 
 Assembly was begun under the auspices of the "Union " 
 of which he was Corresponding Secretary, he was justi- 
 fied in making a free use of the periodicals under his 
 control. And this he did. The " Sunday-school Jour- 
 nal" with a circulation of over a hundred thousand 
 copies monthly, the " Normal Class " and " Chautauqua 
 Bulletin," in large editions, gave notice to the world 
 of the coming Assembly ; and through a thorough sys- 
 tem of announcements in the general press, religious 
 and secular, the first meeting on "the first Tuesday 
 of August," 1874, was looked forward to by hundreds of 
 thousands of Sunday-school and church workers. Its 
 proceedings were as widely reported. A special secre- 
 tary was employed, who prepared an elaborate account 
 of the proceedings in a pamphlet of three hundred 
 pages, more than twelve thousand copies of which were 
 
 1!ii! i 
 
/■/ works well" — 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 205 
 
 reports of the proceedings. Never since then has th^ 
 press been more effectively utilized than in the ant ci 
 
 ve. h i i ,. p:r :it ~TeX:;r 
 
 Assembly with its heavy burdens'hesitated afo" assim 
 Z utn^re""""^'/"" ''''''' '"^ matter depend." 
 
 offered til V ""^^ controlled. It again and again 
 
 asSn e to"" T' '"' ^""^"'^^^ '""orsement and 
 assistance, to private parties who might be willing to 
 
 assume the responsibility of publishing a paper Atlst 
 this offer was accepted by Rev T L fH'< V 
 
 Ba";:;^!; Tr''''°' ''' ^-^' -'-'" ^ 
 
 Jsa.iey, Jisq., of Jamestown N V ac K,.,; 
 issuer! in ,»-,« 1, . ' ^* business manager, 
 
 ssued in 1876 by permission of the Chautauqua E.ard 
 
 Herald • "r" " °' 1'' ^''-'-'1- Assembly D J 
 M Bailev his "^f T' °''- ^'°°'' P^^^ased from 
 
 on ente ed ^n n"^'' '" "'^ ^^^^"^'^ P^P^-"- and later 
 
 on entered into contract with the Board to publish both 
 
 The Assembly Daily Herald " and the monthly ma" a 
 
 tunate"" "I'J"' ^"-'-q-"'' The Assem^rvras" 
 fo tunate m this arrangement, because of the remark 
 
 Ur. Flood; who, in turn, was also fortunate in finrlinJ 
 an institution that demanded an organ, an^ a re d f 
 
 Assembly Daily Herald" a^s ^:1;.,J^^^'^^ 
 
206 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 ill 
 
 ^■i 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^B 
 
 ) I 
 
 i;|i;'i"iM 
 
 ^^^^^^^^^Bh ' 
 
 :1 
 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 ^^^^^Bl^ 
 
 
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^^■3 ' 
 
 ij 
 
 
 
 » 1 J 
 
 
 
 • M T' 
 
 
 ^^^^^H ^ 
 
 '■\ ■': 
 
 
 ^^^^H' 
 
 
 
 ^^^^^B ' 
 
 1 
 
 ^^^^B|j 
 
 1 ' 
 
 ■ i 
 
 ^^■R^ 
 
 1 '% 
 
 
 
 1: i 
 
 m 
 
 
 ■ n 'I 
 
 
 
 ! 
 
 1 
 I 
 
 
 i 
 1 
 
 ^^Mfp! 'i 
 
 i 
 ■ ' 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 ; i 
 
 
 Ul ' 
 
 i' 
 
 
 
 
 i« ' 
 
 i 
 
 M 
 
 i 
 
 
 ^^^H^ffiUaf 
 
 
 1 
 
 ; 1 
 ! 
 
 
 ^^^Ri ' 
 
 m :■ 
 
 
 i 
 
 
 ^^^^^^nl' 
 
 : i 
 
 
 ! 
 
 U 
 
 ^^^^^^Hjl 
 
 ■i ,' 
 
 
 '^ li/ii 
 
 ^^^^hI' ' 
 
 ! r 1 
 
 j 
 
 
 ■ , 
 
 I'l 1 
 
 ^^H|i 
 
 ■'I i 
 
 i 
 
 Hill 
 
 ji 
 
 ^^Ht f 
 
 :. \ 
 
 i 
 
 1 II 
 
 ■'' 
 
 ^Ki y 
 
 
 
 li 
 
 'II 
 
 ^^B° 
 
 
 ' 1 " 
 
 '! 
 
 ^Hi::,r i 
 
 
 HBBIl'l 
 
 
 ^^^^^^^n£ 
 
 , 
 
 ■■ \' i'i'i\ , 
 
 ^^^^BBkv 
 
 
 ! liliilhii 
 
 
 M 
 
 
 ^^^^^Bj^i 
 
 ii. 
 
 
 
 ' i 
 
 Meeting, and " The Chautauquan " (published at Mead- 
 ville, Penn.) as the organ of the C. L. S. C, have been 
 of great advantage to the Chautauqua cause. The 
 magazine has reached a circulation of nearly fifty thou- 
 sand copies monthly. 
 
 Serious difficulties were early encountered in supply- 
 ing books to the members of the C. L. S. C. The 
 demand for the required works was so great as to 
 embarrass the various publishers from whose lists the 
 selections had been made. They were not willing to 
 issue large editions, lest the unprecedented and to them 
 inexplicable demand should suddenly cease, and they 
 be left with unmarketable stock on hand. Many per- 
 sons joining the circle, and unable to procure the 
 books, dropped the whole enterprise with thoughtless 
 and unfair denunciation of the management. It became 
 necessary therefore to control the publication of books 
 in the interest of the Assembly and of its constituency ; 
 and after careful deliberation " The Chautauqua Press " 
 was established with these objects : To supervise all 
 publications containing required readings, or for which 
 Chautauqua is in any way responsible in any of its 
 departments ; and to make sure that the books selected 
 by the Counsellors are published at low rates, and in 
 sufficient quantities to meet the demands of the circle. 
 
 The Chautauqua Young Folks' Reading Union has 
 for its organ "The Chautauqua Young Folks' Journal," 
 a department of the " Wide Awake," published by D. 
 Lothrop & Co. in Boston. The books and apparatus 
 employed by the " Chautauqua Society of Fine Arts" are 
 supplied by Cassell & Co., London and New York. The 
 required books of the " Chautauqua Literary and Scien- 
 
 3 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 207 
 
 tific Circle " are selected from various publishers, and 
 issued under the auspices of the "Chautauqua Press 
 C. L. S. C. Department, New York." Other books, and 
 the various circulars and communications to members 
 of the circle (including the "Alma Mater"), are printed 
 by the Chautauqua Press, Boston. About one-half of 
 the required reading is published in "The Chautauquan " 
 which is the official organ of the C. L. S C "The 
 Chautauqua Assembly Daily Herald" is, as already 
 stated, the organ of the Summer Meetings 
 
 For several years the Children's Department at 
 Chautauqua was supplied during the season with a 
 morning lesson paper, produced by the papyrograph 
 process, and edited by Rev. B. T. Vincent. For two 
 years past Dr. Flood has published a neat and at- 
 tractive children's daily during the Assembly. 
 
 "The Director of the Chautauqua Press " is an officer 
 of the University, who has general supervision of its 
 work, promoting unity, co-operation, and improvement 
 It IS a part of his duty to study pedagogical literature 
 and apparatus, and to aid the Faculty and Counsellors 
 as they may require in the selection and production 
 of the hteratufe required by the various departments of 
 the University. 
 
 m 
 
lil if 
 
 nil 
 
 208 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 m 
 
 CHAPTER XI. 
 
 " Get your enemies to read your works, in order to mend themP — Pope. 
 
 ADVERSE criticism is far better than invariable and 
 unqualified commendation. It is likely to rest on 
 truth — at least, on a part of the truth — somewhere ; and 
 it sets a sensible man in quest of that truth. The wise 
 man welcomes the strictures of friends and foes. If 
 cavils do no more than indicate possible evils, he is glad 
 to be forewarned. Prudence finds help in every hint, 
 and gets some good out of the most ungracious growl. 
 Praise may paralyze effort, while the goad of the critic 
 is likely to stimulate both ingenuity and resolution. 
 
 Chautauqua has been criticised. Good things have 
 been written concerning it, — words full of praise, — 
 extravagant praise. And other things have been said, 
 — strongly said, — into which no word of commenda- 
 tion has slipped. Chautauqua has been too much glori- 
 fied by some, and by some " damned with faint praise ; " 
 while by others it has been ridiculed on its weak side, 
 and denounced with a degree of ferociousness on its 
 strong side, until those of us who know and love Chau- 
 tauqua are almost indifferent to words of praise or blame. 
 Almost, I say, not wholly ; for from friendly and from 
 unfriendly criticism we may still gain much wisdom in 
 
'M(fw." — Pope. 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 209 
 
 developing the Chautauqua that is to be. We are still 
 simply learners, and are eager to know 
 
 It IS not surprising that eminent scholars and repre- 
 sentative educators should look with jealous eye on any 
 
 reform m educational methods. It is a part of their 
 professional function to watch with care and coLct 
 
 lousness the theories and systems which aim to mo^f^ 
 exi ting institutions and methods. The leaders of 
 Chautauqua are not afraid of the closest scrutiny by 
 
 hese great educators ; for if we cannot re-assure them 
 
 a 1 elilit""' ""'■''' '''"' '' °"^ P'^-' -- -certainly 
 shal elicit suggestion and advice, and thus out of their 
 wisdom there shall come to us - wisdom 
 
 The charge of "superficiality- is the one most 
 am,,,ar. and the one which is always named first when 
 
 tl?-"T^ "^""""^' ^-^hool" and the Chautauqua 
 home "reading courses" are mentioned. Then the 
 scholars ask you if you "teach your French perfectly 
 
 miler'' Tr".''"?"'" ^"^^ "'"'S^' ''e exact 
 wTh r\. lu^ "' "'"' " ''""^"SS " are not all dead. 
 With kmtted brow and wise look they quote from Pope • 
 
 "A little learning is a dangerous tiling 1 
 Dniilc deep, or taste not the Pierian spring." 
 
 In reference to the C. L. S. C. they have somethin.. 
 say about "the danger of superficiality in theattemp"^ 
 
 tj:Z T^'^f ", "f • " 0' '^y'-S to'give "a simple 
 taste of a hundred alluring forms of knowledge ■ "of 
 
 thing™' °"'' "' ""^'^ ^°"^^P"°" °' - 'h'ou'sand 
 
 In defending the Chautauqua movement against these 
 
 11f 
 
HMH 
 
 lillljllii 
 
 210 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 . ■ Jl 
 
 Ui 
 
 
 ■i! i 
 
 J' 
 .■■1| 
 
 
 ill 
 
 complaints of the " scholars," the " college men," and the 
 newspaper-editors, I do not turn for justification to the 
 " Concord School of Philosophy," nor to the " Summer 
 School in Chemistry" held during July and August in 
 the Harvard laboratory ; nor do I cite the average daily 
 or weekly paper with its "simple taste of a hundred 
 alluring forms of knowledge," leaving in the minds of 
 most who read them "a misty conception of a thousand 
 things." That scholars, colleges, and editors do the 
 very things Chautauqua is doing, will not justify Chau- 
 tauqua if the things we all do are unwise and injurious. 
 I prefer to concede at once the point at issue, and 
 confess to the charge of " superficiality " in the work 
 we attempt. There is danger — ^;r«/ danger — of su- 
 perficiality. And Chautauqua may not be alone in the 
 condemnation. 
 
 The sources of knowledge are limited, — on some 
 subjects very much so. At his best, the student can 
 get only surface-knowledge. What, for example, does 
 the most learned astronomer know about the sun > 
 
 The student's capacity and power are limited. He 
 may lack taste and aptitude for cerli:. •♦^ments. 
 
 He may be purblind. He may be unabif nertain 
 
 hypotheses, or make generalizations. A i -asylum 
 has no need of an astronomical observatory. 
 
 The student's time may be restricted. Time is an 
 important factor in mental operations. If this be already 
 occupied, the new appointments cannot receive attention. 
 
 Peculiar mental tastes and habits may promote super- 
 ficiality. Versatility may foster fickleness. A mind 
 generously endowed may covet sweets from many and 
 diverse flowers. Ambition may tempt one to seek too 
 
 ill 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 211 
 
 wide a range, and the pleasures of persistent study may 
 be sacrificed. Facility in acquisition may discourage 
 concentration and perseverance. 
 
 We live, moreover, in an age of "action." A pre- 
 mmm is put upon "executive force," "business," and 
 success. Men want some knowledge, - as much as 
 they can get, as wide a range as possible, - but not so 
 as to keep them back in its attainment from early readi- 
 ness for the sphere of life they have selected. Boys 
 and girls are crowded and hurried through the schools 
 to secure an "early start for themselves," to "get es- 
 tablished in life," and to "make a fortune." The 
 same eager haste is apparent among the lowest grades 
 ot pupils. Poverty at home claims the early services of 
 young muscles. To read a little, write a little, cipher 
 a little, — that is enough ; and poorly enough do the 
 youngsters fare in their rapid drive, often under the 
 teacher s lash and frown, through the meagre course 
 of the primary and lower grammar grades. Then, above 
 the primary and grammar schools, are the higher grades 
 with college and university beyond. A small number 
 of pupils pass into the high school ; a surprisingly small 
 number, into the greater institutions. 
 
 The educators of a past age in family, day-school, 
 and pulpit, have done too little to correct the shallow 
 doctrines concerning college education. We find 
 melancholy result in the neglect of these institutions, 
 ihere has been superficiality outside of Chautauqua. 
 ±5ut let us consider this charge of "superficiality." 
 What does it mean as applied to our work, — to the 
 summer work, for example > Simply this : The time of 
 the annual sessions of the summer school is so short 
 
 
■^.■y^ 
 
 'M 
 
 I! II 
 
 |l : 
 
 I 
 
 ,1 ! 
 
 ill liliiiii 
 
 ;iM 
 
 iiii 
 
 ill i 
 
 212 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 — three weeks, six weeks at most, — that it is impos- 
 sible to give any large amount of instruction, to go into 
 any thing like a deep and thorough investigation of any 
 subject, to drill to any perceptible degree of perfection 
 the pupils we enroll. What can one do toward the 
 mastery of any science, philosophy, rhetoric, elocution, 
 geography, psychology, music, or how can one become 
 familiar with French or German or Latin, in six weeks ? 
 The proposal is absurd. The attem.pt promotes sciol- 
 ism. It violates laws of intellectual growth, which 
 demand time and rest as conditions of success. 
 
 It is, of course, well known that the summer schools 
 do not limit to three or six weeks the educational facili- 
 ties of the whole year. It is not to save time or money 
 and labor by substituting a few weeks schooling for 
 the older and longer processes of school training. The 
 summer schools do not say to students : " Accept our 
 new method, and save time. Work in the field or shop 
 forty-six weeks in the year, and pack six weeks full 
 of intellectual effort." This is not the idea of the 
 summer school, as all who know any thing about the 
 summer meetings very well understand. 
 
 We do say : Make a break in the routine of school 
 and home duties. Change air, diet, scenery, associa- 
 tions. Come into new fellowships. Meet living expo- 
 nents of great educational, scientific, and linguistic ideas. 
 Come into conditions of soul-quickening. Watch liv- 
 ing methods which are the outgrowths of living prin- 
 ciples, held and illustrated by living teachers. Bring 
 your old knowledges with you. Bring your life-long 
 experiences with you. Bring your professional hinder- 
 ances and vexations with you. Bring with you the 
 
utine of school 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 21X 
 
 friendly heart that wins friends. Bring with you the nur 
 
 "cations re""u,^:3" y::"''""^ ^' '"^P'^^""-' - 
 age through Te yea^ Yo! " "^ ' '""^ P^^™" 
 
 and into deep valleys and tlr T °''"" ^'^^ P'^"'"'- 
 uccp valleys, and through surg ng water's Th» 
 
 way .s dark sometimes, and very much hetod in r 
 now a little while to a mountain-top whe're h, S"l! 
 
 uL Come H " u *""""' =°"'''- -d "-t kingly 
 
 ■;:':HeSrtr;:-^^^^^^^^ 
 
 years, and the possible mistakes of the next ^en and 
 
 So'nr;:; ^-^ ^^^^^ r °^^^ ^^^ hii,sih::'::e: 
 
 , oeyona you. Come where leaders a<j<;prr,Ki« u 
 have thought down and thought up and L^h^LS 
 the moun tarns and difficulties that shut youln. """' 
 Al th,s, which the forty-six weeks of the year do not 
 supply, we may find in six -or less. Experience 
 
 'ZZT%rt '"' ="''^" movements fraih 
 witn power. The shortness of the time is nnf an 
 
 ment against the depth and stability ^th wo k afw 
 
 long does ,t require to awaken a mind to a worthy ^Z 
 
 One book will do it. One letter will do it. TheVou^h 
 
 t Howt '"^^'^^--g °f - eye will some d^et 
 
 on"- poweTand^i V r'''"'" '" ^""""°" f^'"> - 
 one s power and m a plan for its development > How 
 
 ong doe, ,t require to kindle enthusiasm ?" A b ography 
 
 ehfe experience, a personal appeal, may kindle at"^! 
 
 by burnmg words that nothing can ever extine-uir 
 
 asreZM:rf^T'^^'°p"'' ^-'^ e:L;TeTe";t 
 
 ct isusceptibie hfe.? How npo- r]f.p^ u ..-, . 
 
 j^ng Joes it Lake to announce 
 
 
 n,i 
 
 '"tHl 
 
1 
 
 nil 
 LI! 
 
 ^ > 
 
 Vi'l 
 
 V 
 
 I 
 
 K\\\ i 
 
 214 
 
 TIfE CHAUTAUQiTA MOVEMENT. 
 
 one radical principle out of which methods start as 
 water-courses on the plain from a stream let loose on 
 the mountain ? How long does it take to give a sys- 
 tematic outline of work, in the presence of which all 
 details acquire a relation and a real value, and by which 
 all details come into order for service ? How long docs 
 it require to give practical ideas of a method by which 
 the tact and individuality of a teacher are made to sug- 
 gest a variety of methods determinable by the individ- 
 uality of the person receiving the suggestion? How 
 long does it take to sow a handful of seed, to hoist a 
 sail, to cross a Rubicon, to drop a vote, to watch with 
 scientific eye the boiling of a kettle or the fall of an 
 apple, to take an oath of office, to make a pledge of 
 love ? Life is full of pivotal opportunities, in the midst 
 of which one may by a moment's act determine the 
 character and influence of a decade. College life (the 
 full four years, with all their advantages), after all, only 
 puts its candidates into direct contact with the living 
 teachers about three hours a day, and for only thirty- 
 seven weeks of the year. 
 
 The power of the summer school is not in the knowl- 
 edge communicated. No one pretends that it is. The 
 power is primarily in the creation and control of rare 
 opportunity for intellectual quickening ; for moral and 
 spiritual culture ; for the grasp of radical principles ; 
 for the influence of great souls, — specialists in educa- 
 tional philosophy and life, who have won power and 
 position and renown, who have knowledge and intensity 
 and tact by which they easily kindle in others a covet- 
 ing of knowledge and of the power to cause others to 
 covet and secure it. Such souls are rarer than great 
 
The atAUTAUQUA MoyEUBNT. ai5 
 
 saints They are like the loftiest summits of the ^reat 
 mountain ranges seen from afar and crowned with gW 
 These men make opportunity, and put into small mels' 
 ures of time possibilities of power. The results Tf an 
 .mportant legal case are not to be estimated by he Ume 
 
 '!"■ T 'T'"'^^-''""- •>« by the person'a power 
 and official position of the men who manage it 
 Happy the educational institution that is able to com 
 
 The summer school turns summer resorts into splen 
 d.d academies, rivalling the best of Athens in her 
 brightest days. I have seen native forests whi h had 
 been transformed into royal parks about palaces. Trees 
 from many climes are transplanted - rare and gra efu, 
 The Chautauqua summer-school is a royal grove Here 
 are planted goodly trees, oak and palm'lnlcedar o"ve 
 elm, and sequoia. Hither let students come to si undT; 
 their shadows, catch the dewdrops that fall from them 
 liear the birds sing in their branches, look up at theT^ 
 quivering leaves and beyond to the blue skv all ,t' 
 more beautiful because of the movements -hll'f rev T 
 mg, lialf concealing -of the swaying foliage 
 
 Perf"ormeH ''' 'f' ""' "' ''^^^ ^'''' ■»-'■> ">-y be 
 performed in a short time. It is „o reflection upon a 
 
 teacher or a preacher, that his individuality-the m7ir 
 .est force in him -may soon be discovered, and fr,v 
 and easily communicated ^ 
 
 conTidcrcf thrh'"' "f °'' °' *^ ^""■"^^ ^-^hool are 
 t™hegrot;nd'"''^°'^"P^'-«^'^%" speedily falls 
 
 And when the field, which w^ o^ ^»^- --r- - - i 
 
 — ••'- ^* '•**'- summer scilOols 
 
 J,»T j 
 
 .1 I 
 

 'i !. 
 
 f ^i|i 
 
 : iiiii 
 
 ^i I 
 
 i Ml I 
 
 Ijllllj 
 
 liliii 
 
 216 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 are set to cultivate, is surveyed, the prevalence of super- 
 ficiality in other departments of education calls for 
 words of warning and reproof and direction. And we, 
 too, may cry out to our accusers, "Beware of 'super- 
 ficiality' — for the correction of which we are set 
 apart." 
 
 Superficiality is a fault manifest in primary education 
 at hcfme and in schools. It is discoverable in the the- 
 ories which limit education to the school term of life ; 
 in the rapid and careless preparation of boys and girls 
 for college ; in the lack of rigid examination ; in the 
 imperfect training of college life ; and is manifest in 
 multitudes of college graduates who are unable to read 
 Greek and Latin at sight, unable to speak and write 
 English accurately, unable to think closely and logically. 
 
 There is superficiality in the educational processes 
 which so generally make intellectual training — the 
 training of memory, perception, reason — the essential 
 thing of the school life, instead of going doivn to the 
 more important elements of culture, — conscience, will, 
 faith, love. These processes overlook the true aims of 
 life, which touch the divine capacities within us, and 
 train the soul after the divine ideals above us. Against 
 all this the Chautauqua Summer School enters solemn 
 and emphatic protest. 
 
 How shallow is the average citizen's estimate oT the 
 teacher's office ! The schoolmaster is only " a child's 
 man," a sort of "nurse," a dealer in rudiments, a man 
 of mete routine, an ordinary man who cannot be any 
 thing else, and therefore is — teacher ; who need not be 
 much of a scholar, if only he keep ahead of his pupils; 
 who himself expects to be something else better and 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 2,7 
 
 higher up a little later on _, I, 
 physician, or a preachen A^Tinst r""' -'""''' °' "" 
 
 ;o^.o„ oane tutorial prri:^ci;;:a":--r;: 
 
 education to the few v.. / ^'°" ^^^^ ^^n^nes 
 
 Education is to't rlS^sir C," t""' "^^•" 
 day for religion shon :,«.] f r ^^"""^^ ^"^ Sun- 
 
 coiiege for edue'afoT Th "vTorfof "T ^^' ^^''"" ^^ 
 to place, time, and a set oT '""■' '^ "°"«"<^'' 
 
 have hours, tm books t/1 "''""'"'• ^' ™«^t 
 
 tions. pron,;tion It beL nf 'T' ""'^"°"'' ^^=""'"^- 
 ends when school ends Iheretno""' "'''"'■ '' 
 hood. Babes do not go to schoo "° h '"" '" ^'""y 
 tion in out-of-door sports or In ' " "° '''"^^■ 
 
 school is over PeoX vacations, or after 
 
 |o into socie: -anS: brLTbuTed' ^"k ^°^^- ^^ 
 Against this irrational rerres in of ^ °" '' °^^'"- 
 universal longing after J,, T r, ^^ "^'"^1 and 
 The summfrs^chool thus . ^ ^''^"'^"^"a protests, 
 will help to co,Tecr the f ""'' "''» '^^"^<^- and 
 
 we exaltVinc^ es aLve meT"'.'"'''''^ °' "'^ ^g«- ^^ 
 philosophy of education* Ti'^P'''''^^ "^^ t™e 
 the economy of force in eul'' T" °'''^ ""^ '^^^ "f 
 intc quickening conTac w thT'' ""' '"'"^ '''"^^"'^ 
 power, intellecfual and sXLar"^ '''*'"' ='"" ^^^" 
 "- keeping of mere fc^rSe T '"^f"'"^ '"" 
 "'"ch if it be the end and he all ^"""''^f^e is not 
 that comes by hard effort !„!>!• J^"°"l«dge is best 
 effort, and no"^ be aus! o 'the k '' ^T '^^^"^^ "' '^e 
 has a right motivet eon- ' "'^^'- ^'^°^' '"at 
 
 With it is best: and 
 
 It 
 
m 
 
 I ' 
 
 i 
 
 
 11 ^1 
 
 ill II 
 
 i^;i 
 
 ^i!l!ii|lll! 
 
 .iiiiillil 
 
 illhl.iiiJ 
 
 'Hi 
 
 i»Niii 
 
 11!! n :!:ili: 
 
 i rlliiii!i'>' 
 
 2l8 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 is best, not because of the effort, but because of the 
 motive. Knowledge that comes hard and aims high, — 
 this is valuable knowledge. 
 
 The teacher is not the giver of knowledge. He is 
 not the full reservoir from which the pupils are to draw 
 supplies of fact and theory at will. He is the awakener 
 and quickener of the knowledge-getting faculties in his 
 pupils. He is the artesian-well driver, connecting the 
 power of the pupil with the resources of the world 
 beneath and above ; not giving and getting, but drilling 
 and getting; they, because of the drilling, getting. 
 He does not accumulate that they may accumulate: 
 he sets th^m at work accumulating from every source 
 
 but himself. 
 
 The summer school, by circulating widely the latest 
 educational theories, shows that study may be made a 
 delight, not by being turned into a "game " or "play," 
 not by a sugar-coating of "fun," not by incentives of 
 prize and reward; but by an adjustment of it to real 
 or imagined conditions of actual life in which the ima- 
 gination is kindled, personal aptitudes employed ; the 
 pleasure of observation, travel, conversation, business, 
 utilized ; and school life associated with every-day life 
 in its varied manifestations. The task assigned be- 
 comes the duty voluntarily and heroically discharged. 
 
 In primary education the scientific methods may be 
 employed. And this once done, a dangerous superfi- 
 ciality ceases. The world of fact lies all around the 
 little learners. You may train children to pick up 
 things, and study them, and find out other things about 
 them ; to watch and report incorrect expressions ; to 
 soell ordinary and unusual words ; to study local geog- 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOyEMENT. ^ig 
 
 raphy ; to learn what a given science U k 
 sortmg and explaining iLs be o "g ! ^ f 'T' ^"' 
 train them to keep ev<.« fi„ *>'"s /° "• You may 
 about flowers, treesMone, *'?'■'' '"'' "'""Shts busy 
 
 the results of 'their "b rtli ^ .To'?!^ ' '° ""'^ ""' 
 ments, distances, values In 1 ' • ™^'^ ""^^^^e- 
 'ife; to go back from Lt3 ofTda°"t ""' ^^^^^""^^ 
 facts in the past; to connect tie tol "rr""'"^ 
 which they sit with conti„» , ! '^ schoolhouse in 
 sages and'warri: f and f ^^f "' ^'"^' "''" 
 
 of thought from events of teVettnr, ""' """ 
 centuries past, from <,tn„». T P^*^"' '° actual events of 
 
 from basebal to the An!b ^ ?''' "> S'^'^'^' Periods, 
 
 theboythatdarLto^onlTt"/ ^'"^'^ ''^"'"' f™" 
 to the heroism of the anc ent t ° ^^t" ""'^ P'^^S™""''. 
 alike thing in a more nublV "'""^™''^" g-'eat men did 
 
 . The vefy con^ L^u'r wh^" Mht ^ t^^ '^"'^• 
 m the summer schools at rT . * " ''""" 
 
 strength solidity. andtU ,,,'tL7pTac::r"^^ " 
 tions. A temnl^ ic fi, i. . P^^^ °^ mspira- 
 
 -ns of .rarand\;Ut „o r o? Shi ^T'' ^ '^°'- 
 "nder foot; frescoes ofka^es and b !' v'"""^"" 
 and tinted cloud, overhead? throutral 'ttf " ^'^' 
 
 Ser r: :r:"fvi-;f - r '- "^ "- -" 
 
 The Winds hllL-^lran^tL' tX Il^.^r ' 
 
 -y troptieiihf:r 'f °^ ^-^ sis 
 
 would -make you mtveifi'V"' '■''^^' ^^"^'^ "^^^ 
 lesson in hiding Z ' ' '"'^'"'^- ^'^'^^' 'hat have 
 
 A' ove vou n^I r." '''"'^ ^""^ enjoyment. 
 
 shine a^drrob 1^ ^^TI^T^"^"""" '^'-^' -- 
 
 ^ '^^ "^^ uurKness. These same 
 
ni 
 
 u . 
 
 r 
 
 til 
 
 I! 
 
 ':l:|i||||; 
 
 nil 
 
 wm 
 
 IJIII 
 
 I 
 
 liJlllilJ!, 
 
 Ill 
 W 
 
 
 iiMiii 
 
 lllfl 
 
 220 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 stars shoot their arrows of light into the deep lake 
 below. Waves break on the shore in sob and whisper. 
 The night answers to the day, the tree to the zephyrs, 
 the lake to the heavens. Voices of children in merry 
 sport, voices of singers in vesper and jubilee, voices of 
 stringed instruments and organ, — all these greet you 
 and offer you delight. Delight may turn into memory, 
 or bloom in hope. Hope may settle into resolve, and 
 resolve into action, action pass into history and into 
 character. So the summers go by, and all the seasons, 
 and the end finally comes. P ay the end be the blessed 
 beginning of an endless blessedness ! 
 
 At Cha,utauqua, Nature is our text-book. Nature our 
 laboratory. Nature our teacher. We study Nature in 
 her material manifestations, in her mental and moral 
 manifestations. We study man in Nature. We study 
 God in Nature, for from Nature it is not far to the 
 Father. All thin^^s visible are from Him, — the in- 
 visible. The forms and forces about us speak of His 
 presence and power and wisdom. His grace is only 
 faintly taught in the physical realm. His goodness is 
 shadowed there, but cyclones and earthquakes and 
 lightning do not seem especial ministrants of mercy. 
 The Book supplements Nature with added lessons, and 
 partial explanations of Divine purposes ; so that after 
 a cyclone, earth seems less substantial, and heaven 
 worth more, and "things which remain," and which 
 " cannot be shaken," more worthy of human search. 
 
 " He builds too low who builds beneath the skies." 
 
 I conclude, therefore, that the aims, methods, and 
 conditions of the Chautauqua Summer School save it 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 221 
 
 from the charge of harmful superficiality, and render 
 It rather a promoter of symmetry and soundness in the 
 work of true culture. 
 
 The charge of superficiality against the C. L S C 
 and Its prescribed courses is substantially answered' by 
 the considerations already offered. It gives general 
 views • but these views are taken by mature minds, 
 
 and profit m apprehending the relations of knowledge 
 and who, discovering by that general survey some 
 department of thought which satisfies their tastes, and 
 for which they have natural aptitude, will be likely to 
 apply themselves to that particular field with avidity. 
 
 oow.r a':": "'■ ?', ""■ ^- ^- ^- '^ ''^ ---Veiling 
 power. A distinguished metaphysician said to me "I 
 received the twist that made me a philosopher, in one 
 week, and that from two lectures to which I listened in 
 Germany." The C. L. S. C. reading gives the "twiot " 
 and it is a "twist "that lifts. ' 
 
 The "diploma" given to a graduate of the Circle 
 after four years of reading, contains a pyramid, on the 
 steps and base of which are blank spaces f^r seals 
 There are thirty-one of these spaces. The holder of a 
 diploma, having by four years' reading taken his gen- 
 
 mlb"7 t '^'r'^^ "^ knowledge, and become a 
 member of the "Society of the Hall in the Grove" 
 applies himself to special studies. Having completed 
 
 ,n . t1 n !' ''^'■^<^^'^^^ ^ ^«al. Four seals place him 
 
 .n The Order of the White Seal." Three more seals 
 
 give him a membership in the "League of the Round 
 
 able. Seven more entitle him to a place in the 
 
 Guild of the Seven Seals," with degree after dJrZ 
 
m* 
 
 m 
 
 U !'l 
 
 ii i iliiiii 
 
 ! i 
 
 i 
 
 Ml 
 mi 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 ■ 1! i ;! 
 
 
 I ' 
 
 i'ffi! 
 
 
 * ii 
 
 il 
 
 IIHI 
 
 732 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 to be achieved. This simple desire is a perpetual in- 
 centive to diligence. Is it slight or " foolish " } Then 
 address your wisdom to the great universities, who 
 have fai^h in promotions and sheepskins and seals and 
 titles, and never think of abandoning them. 
 
 Thq) . f been objections to the text-books em- 
 ployed L ; ur Circle. It could not be otherwise. The 
 aims of the C. L. S. C. are unique. The provision of 
 lesson-books precisely adapted to these unique aims has 
 been one of the everrpresent problems. If our readers 
 were children in the schoolroom, and daily recitations 
 were practicable, it would be easy to find suitable lesson- 
 books on every subject in the curriculum. If these 
 readers were chiefly high-school or college graduates 
 desiring advanced courses of reading, it would be com- 
 paratively easy to provide standard works written by 
 specialists for specialists, and assuming on every page 
 a large measure pf knowledge already possessed by the 
 reader. If it were the aim of the C. L. S. C. to study 
 one subject at a time, and that for a long time, exhaus- 
 tively, from its alphabet to its ''last word," it would not 
 be difRcu.. to find numerous text-botks on that subject 
 adapted to every variety of capacity and attainment. 
 
 The C. L. S. C, is not, however, designed for school- 
 children, nor for advanced readers, nor for specialists. 
 ■ It has enrolled but few names of members under eigh- 
 teen years of age. Its members are "out of school." 
 It rejoices in thousands of college graduates ; but these 
 take up its readings not for advanced study as post- 
 graduates, but to review under favorable conditions the 
 scholastic studies of former years, and in some cases, 
 perchance, to n^9.ke an^ends for cafelpssness and super- 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 223 
 
 finality during those years of unappreciated oppor- 
 Here lies the chief cause of our embarrassment It 
 eeds oTou^ne'T''^ '"""^ ^'^^^^'^ ^^^P'" ' 'h 
 
 ove of hterature. Books too much abridged ail to 
 afsfy. more mature minds. Old boolcs may be behind 
 the times or, although acknowledged to be standard, 
 
 oTrraL:: '"'vt''' ^'°^^ ^'^ '« •'^ ^-^ ^^"o 
 
 hard It t to T ^''°^'- ""''y one knows how 
 
 hard ,t ,s to secure them, and how easily a flinnant 
 
 in t'her Tot'Tf *'; ^"""''^"^^ "f the'u^ifi't ted 
 
 ne'bo^kirill^^r^^ttS^^^^^^^^ 
 crmcsm-well, who knowcth the ways of critics wUh 
 the new books ? Did not Samuel TayL Co e dge sat 
 
 Walpole can Go,dsmitra;Sre:i i^ "T ^^^ 
 
 eray s Vanity Fair rejected because the critic to 
 
 « •" A7aTt'™"1 r"°""^^'' ■' "Without nter! 
 est ? As a distinguished writer has said : " Good books 
 
224 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT, 
 
 i! 
 
 have always been criticised upon some points adversely. 
 Plato freely criticises Homer. Quintilian criticises 
 Cicero. Cicero criticises Demosthenes. Addison crit- 
 icises Milton. And in each instance no doubt real 
 faults were pointed out. The most enlightened French 
 critics used to pooh-pooh Shakspere. They did like- 
 wise with Dante." 
 
 Some books of the C. L. S. C. have excited unfavor- 
 able criticism, — religious books by those who do not 
 care to read religious books at all, and think it an im- 
 pertinence to obtrude them upon the general reader ; 
 certain scientific books, because " not up to the times," 
 or the critic, being himself a scientific specialist, is cer- 
 tain that the views of our specialist are " unsound." 
 
 A recent scholarly criticism of a series of C. L. S. C. 
 books — the series most nearly reaching my ideal — 
 appeared in one of the foremost quarterlies of the 
 United States. And because it so well states the 
 object of the C. L. S. C. movement, I venture to repro- 
 duce it here : — 
 
 It is not possible to praise too highly Dr. Wilkin- 
 son's "After School Series," of which this is the 
 fourth and concluding volume. It is a series remark- 
 able for comprehensiveness, accurate scholarship, crit- 
 ical acumen, and literary skill. It is the work of a 
 man who can tolerate no slipshod work, who never 
 lets any thing leave his hands until he has made it as 
 good as he knows how to make it. It is not often 
 that a writer with so sensitive a conscience, and so 
 exceptional qualifications for the task, undertakes the 
 labor of writing a popular text-book. 
 
 The book before us, with its three companions. 
 
companions, 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. ' 225 
 
 takes the reader over a much fuller course of th. 
 classical authors than is to be had in any col 1° ci^' 
 r.culum. Dr. Wilkinson would be the last fn 1 
 that the reading of his books is 1:^^ ^ 
 tute for a thorough classical training No J. 
 
 tnese books . on the contrary, the taste here gained 
 few '?:?:; *'^7"f -" ''-btless stimulate'n a 
 
 • ttresJSca'fonntin-^'r"^''""^-' «"' 
 
 nlr? f« u , intelligent persons, youne: and 
 
 Sact crb'r mr'^f;"™ °^ ^^"" ^"^ ^-^ '^ ^^ 
 
 pidcuicaDie. Why shou d thev therpfnr^ k^ u . 
 
 t s t::Va"1 ''^"'^ ""^™-'' - "-ose litera? e 
 it IS true that translations, even the best, are imoer 
 feet representations of an original- th/V r 
 aroma is lost, the delicate bloom Ir bbed off'm" hi 
 process. Homer is not Homer in the verses of PoL 
 
 i ttermtmlif ''' '''^"'' "'''' ^^'^ 
 iiceaom irom his grammar and lexicon to 
 
 student we fear, knows his classics chiefly thron^h 
 ITTT ~ '"°"" *° "'^ -"-fed as ' pS- - 
 
 h s tLt r ''■""'"'''' '^^'^- T-'e student sp;nds 
 his time in learning the niceties of Greek and iTtln 
 
 gramma, rather than in becoming famiSr wi h Greek 
 
 and Latin literature. The careful reader of the!. 
 
 volumes, therefore, though he will by no 4ans be a 
 
 das^cal scholar, will be almost if Jt qui^e equa' in 
 
 Suritolr ^' ''''-'"- '° "'^ ^ 
 
226 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 ?i r 
 
 Will saying these things discourage classical learn- 
 ing ? Not a whit But we hope they will discourage 
 the excessive teaching of philology, and encourage 
 the teaching of the classics as literature, in our col- 
 leges. As things have been, a classical education 
 has been an education in every thing but the classics. 
 It is charged against this movement in behalf of 
 popular education, that by it we shall unfit people in 
 the humbler walks of life for the work we need from 
 them. What shall we do for servants.? What shall 
 the dear girls of our homes do for subordmates to fol- 
 low their bidding } And hov/, if people acquire taste, 
 and begin to aspire after personal refinement, and to 
 respect themselves, shall we be able to keep them in 
 their places ? What unendurable airs they will put on ! 
 And how we shall be at the mercy of our inferiors ! 
 
 So let it be, — that our children shall be compelled 
 to treat other people with respect ; to recollect that 
 servants have souls and rights; that people who do 
 lowly service with true motive are worthy of honor ; 
 that true refinement is as courteous and thoughtful 
 when servant-girls are concerned as when one meets 
 a favorite of fortune or a princess of royal blood. 
 
 So let it be, — that our spoiled and petted girls shall 
 come to know that there are science and art and taste 
 in kitchen ministries, and that the ignorant, white- 
 fingered, indolent little simpleton who despises honest 
 labor and the people who earn their living by honest 
 labor is herself beneath a servant-girl's contempt. 
 
 I hope that we shall educate the people, and all the 
 people, — the poorest and the meanest of them, -- until 
 in lordly way, worthy of royal blood, they refuse to be 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. jj, 
 
 trodden upon or ordered about by the impertinent and 
 arrogant pretenders of modern society 
 
 I hope that we shall educate the people until the 
 cultivated poor shall have more power than the ln„ 
 
 ..hts as/a eitii tLi t be'^r Lre^ra'n 
 command all the resources of the nation in hbdef nee 
 and protection; until the gates of the nation shall flv 
 open on the sides of the east and of the west to wcl 
 come strangers from afar • imtM ,1, 
 eaqt ihall ^Z 1 : ■ ' "^^ comers-in at the 
 
 east shall not dare to close the gates against the comers- 
 m at the west; until parties and their leaders thaH s. 
 cnmmate between foreign classes, and eater to ow ra e 
 prejudices, shall be punished unto purification or if 
 necessary, annihilated. purmcation, or, ,f 
 
 I hope that we shall educate the people until a soul's 
 
 God at his feet, shall count for more in the thou-^ht 
 of^his heart than all the gold and all the glory of rhe 
 
 I hope that we shall train people to understand that 
 manual labor ,s a degradation when brain-power and 
 aste and heart are all saeriheed at the shrinlof oH 
 and bread and money. 
 
 Looking at a farm from which by years of toil the 
 tumps have been dragged out, the stones picked up 
 and put into substantial wall-fences, and the ground 
 cultivated until it yields a rich harves , I ask Who dd 
 a^ this good work , Whose sweat moistened this o P 
 Whose hands piled up these fences ? Whose feet trod 
 these furrows ? Was it a boor or a scholar, - a taZt 
 
t fi 
 
 .:li 
 
 i ill I 
 
 228 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 or a MAN ? If muscle without brain, and mercenary 
 motive without heart or sympathy, did it all ; if it were 
 merely for bread and lodging and the prolongation of 
 physical life, and the !aying-up of money for a rainy 
 day, that a used-up body might be fed and warmed 
 until death gave it to the dust, — then I see no charm, 
 no beauty in the scene, above the mere products of util- 
 itarian nature. But if this farm were cultivated by a 
 man, a husband, a father, a saint, a thinker, it becomes 
 a new bit of scenery K) me, with beauty everywhere, a 
 most delicate tone pervading the landscape. I all at 
 once see flowers among the grass, and rainbows in the 
 heaven. I hear psalms among the trees, and see ladders 
 let down from heaven resting on every stone. 
 
 It is the mission of the true reformer, the true patriot, 
 the true Christian, to offer Knowledge and Liberty and 
 Refinement, Science, Literature, Art, and Religious life, 
 to all the people — everywhere. 
 
 I ! 
 
 ' *■■ 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 229 
 
 CHAPTER XII. 
 
 " No perspective, no ambition^ — Victor Hugo. 
 
 TTOWEVER comprehensive may have been the 
 A 1 origmal conceptions of our honored president 
 and his associates when they began the summer move- 
 ment m the groves at Chautauqua, the gradual unfolding 
 of the scheme has been a source of surprise and delight 
 to the world of curious and interested observers And 
 there must be "more to follow." As lon,:^ as people 
 love to listen to music and lectures, and ^ as long as 
 men and women have genius, scholarship, and power 
 to please, the summer meetings at Chautauqua will be 
 patronized. As long as people love to read for personal 
 improvement, the Circles which provide useful and 
 attractive reading will enroll members, and give them 
 direction. Chautauqua is an institution for to-morrow 
 
 1 wenty-five years from now, the old trees by the lake 
 will canopy multitudes of loyal hearts assembled at the 
 shrme of Alma Mater. Men and women who saw the 
 beginnings in 1874, and who passed the " Golden Gate " 
 in 1 882, will be there. Comparatively young then, they 
 will by that time be numbered among the old And 
 they will remember the rude beginnings of the move- 
 .!.>. naxrv.\r ^uuitcrs, nard beds, and poor fare. 
 
 1 ',* 
 
 .if 
 
 PI 
 
 'Hi! 
 
'-n- 
 
 i I 
 
 iiH 
 
 230 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 ill >i 
 
 Mm 
 
 ' 
 
 ml 
 
 III I- ' 
 I 
 
 i.'i I i,*;'! 
 
 1 
 
 ) ■ 
 
 And they will remember, as associated with those 
 rough and rural surroundings, the eloquence, brilliancy, 
 and scholarship of the first programme. New names 
 will shine on the lists announced, new orators and new 
 singers hold new multitudes by the spell of speech and 
 song ; but no eloquence will excel some of the earliest 
 performances under the trees of the Chautauqua audi- 
 torium. Shall I speak of Simpson, Gough, Bidwell, 
 Baird, — and others whose voices still sound in our 
 memories } 
 
 At the opening meeting of each Assembly, on the 
 "first Tuesday evening in August," the question has 
 always been asked, " Who are here to-night who were 
 present at the first meeting in 1874.?" Many arise at 
 this call. Another question is asked : "Who have been 
 present at every meeting from the beginning .-' " Those 
 who are able to arise in response to this question are 
 proud of their record. If they can be at Chautauqua 
 on only one occasion, it inust be on "the first evening." 
 
 The time is coming, when to the old question, " Who 
 are here to-night who were present in 1874.?" there 
 will be no response, — a hush, a sudden turning to see 
 if no one is there, and then a solemn silence as the 
 leader on that evening announces : "Not one." What 
 year will that be } It must be a long time hence ; for 
 there were children in that auditorium on the first night 
 in 1874, who were but six years old, and who in 1944 
 will be seventy-six, and one or more of them may be 
 present that season. Long may loving representatives 
 of the first Chautauqua linger to appear at the annual 
 openings, to rejoice in the progress made, and to be 
 living links between these widely separated dates ! 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 231 
 
 W.11 stil, be standing. - different anf yT iden LT" 
 
 eap.ng mto white-crested waves, b?;akin "r^? th'e 
 shore m wh.sper or shout, reflecting the blue heaven 
 by day and the stars by night, bearing on its bo'o " 
 great boats whose keels yet grow in fore.t. ! 
 
 unsmelted ore in the heit ofThe etth Zl '" 
 unborn will stand at the wheel pace ^\ ^ "°^ 
 the enrinp fi,. 1 , • ' ^ "^ ^^'^^> manage 
 uic engine, — the electric engine nf that- j, »t 
 
 t'heTt" 1 T"' ^°"'^"' -^ childr nti ,1 J •: 
 he health and gladness that sweep on the air o£ Chau 
 tauqua; and as they listen to the "old rv, . 
 chimes" that date from the season of I "i^^TT^ 
 the kind old face of the "SethThols\l^,':f J^ 
 the hour, will land at the great dock with its crowded 
 balconies of watching Chautauquans, and linger fori 
 day or longer to study the institution which fega„ so 
 ong ago, and whicTi has never ceased to grow in wealth 
 
 d Lr:"' ^"™«™-- -^ Programme,\nd loyll y of 
 devoton on the part of those who are proud to can 
 Chautauqua "Alma Mater." 
 
 What will be the attractions of A D iq.,^ ,t ry. 
 tauaua wVin ti,« „• , ' y44i at Chau- 
 
 auqua. who the singers, and who the orators of that 
 
 thrc'ra^rtLtall':i."L ^"^^ ^^ ^^^ 
 ample pluuorm, under the dome of the new amphithea- 
 
 111 i I 
 
 • m 
 
 I -^1 
 
 
 i t4ft'A 
 
 -■11 
 
): 
 
 h i 
 
 t 
 
 'if'' 
 
 iiiiii 
 
 iiiiiiii 
 
 i M, 
 
 II ', 
 
 I ■ 
 
 f i 
 
 232 
 
 TI/E CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 tre with its seating capacity and acoustic possibility for 
 twenty thousand people ? Who shall preside at the 
 huge organ, — the Chautauqua organ that will outrival 
 the historic instrument in Music Hall, Boston ? Who 
 shall wield the baton that shall direct five thousand 
 voices in music such as Sydenham Palace never heard ? 
 Who, as superintendent of grounds, shall travel about, 
 now in his coitp^y now on the electric-belt railway that 
 is to bring into close neighborship the remotest parts 
 of this university town by the lakeside ? 
 
 To these questions, the future makes no reply. The 
 blood that is to throb in the veins of these men of 1944 
 is even now burning with Chautauqua enthusiasm some- 
 where, — perhaps in homes where the Chautauqua in- 
 spiration has come like a gift from heaven, but where 
 there is little thought of that possible future. So that 
 the spririt of Divine Wisdom guide, and the spirit of 
 Divine Love possess, we care little about the pei'sonnel 
 or antecedents of the men and women of the Chautau- 
 qua that is to be ! 
 
 What of the Chautauqua buildings of that coming 
 time ? what of the groves and parks and pathways ? 
 what of the places of concourse, and the schools, and 
 the cottages? what of the courses of study, and the 
 sessions, the teachers, the laboratories, and the mu- 
 seum ? 
 
 Chautauqua began with a two-weeks' session. Now, 
 twelve years later, "Teachers' Retreat," "Schools of 
 Language," "Assembly," "Preliminary Week," and 
 " After-Week " fill up two full months of the summer. 
 We are urged to linger still later, and among the scarlet 
 and gold and crimson leaves hold an " Autumnal Meet- 
 
ing, 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 233 
 
 for Jt;Z:l It^ "^^ \ the o„„.easo„ 
 
 for a mid-winter a°s vve i, ' ' '"'' ^"""S'"? 
 
 the "Farmers' InsLuff.-r ""'"■"""' •''=^^'°"' ^"^ 
 
 • winter evenings. ^ through the long 
 
 What marvels will be achieved hv fKof ^• 
 plppfnV.-f,, • 't^iiievea Dy that time, throiio-h 
 
 has not reached the third hou'r oi f^y^f^' ""'^'^ 
 
 and in every department of dse J vtnd ""'"^ ' 
 For these will yield rrreater r« ^^ , ^ • '"^^"t'on ! 
 
 half-eentury thrduHn. he las wT' '"' '^""'"^ 
 
 tauqua Lake? AnH wni o i, ^ ^ °^ ^'^^^^- 
 
 the'new instrumt^rll^ eTpr'^f ' t^Tf ' "^ 
 its daily announcements ' ^ "^ ^ "'^ ^"^^ *'"> 
 
 Mu!!ctThe';" '" "' "^P^--'™^"' of entertainment - 
 
 b^. ars o'^st^r"? ''^ 'T^' ^"'' - 'he lake.fr:^" 
 
 . "cirs or steel, from chords of ^oH^n i,. 
 
 moyed mto melody by the touch of he el ctric fire'; 
 I->ghts appearing and disappearin.. as bv m W S 
 gmg place and color; now on the hJ^ ^ ' "''"■ 
 
 en's filling n 1 'a'^e, now in the heav- 
 
 vv"ter "-V " r "'"" """' ''^^"'y •' Pountnins of 
 «ater, c.un.on and gold and blue, rising in unlooked-for 
 
 nil 
 
 ii 
 
 . ' if 
 
 ..Mil 
 
 I 
 
 * . 'J 
 
 ltd m 
 
 i. 
 
234 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MO^'EMENT. 
 
 i'i 
 
 III I 
 
 1 1 
 
 'ill l''"! 
 i .J 
 
 places, at unexpected times ; now shooting up from the 
 bosom of the lalce, now dropping as out of the heavens ! 
 
 A museum, substantially built, will furnish miles of 
 treasure and surprise to students in every line. Teach- 
 ers will find models of schoolrooms from all countries 
 on the globe, and apparatus of every variety. Geolo- 
 gist, botanist, zoologist, antiquarian, will resort to the 
 Chautauqua museums for treasures provided nowhere 
 else. In picture-galleries the history of art will be 
 illustrated, and by the power of the copyist the master- 
 pieces will be accessible to the humblest student. 
 Aquariaj dens, and cages will give to the student of 
 natural history perpetual delight. 
 
 I am not a prophet, nor do I claim to be a seer ; 
 but in my dreams I catch glimpses of the Chautauqua 
 University of the future. And if, elated bv the suc- 
 cesses of the past, my dreams are naught but dreams, 
 generous Chautauquans who read these pages will 
 attribute to sanguine temperament and Chautauqua 
 enthusiasm what their more sober judgment pronounces 
 chimerical and impossible. 
 
 I see among the trees of our groves stately halls, 
 grand museums, lofty observatory, and delightful 
 homes. 
 
 A park extends along the lower level by the lake, 
 with winding walks, pleasant arbors, whispering foun- 
 tains, climbing vines, snow-white statuary, parterres 
 ablaze with blossoms. The world of history from the 
 very beginning is in this park represented. Here are 
 symbolic illustrations, memorial columns and arches, 
 marble busts of distinguished men in history, arranged 
 in chronological order. One can travel from the Tower 
 
 if' I 
 
THE CHAC/TAl/Ql/A MOVEMENT 235 
 
 history, biography, literatur "a „d art 'ev^HthlT' °' 
 make a pilgrimage wl,ich wi 1 be better to hi™ h ""'^ 
 score of text-boolc lessons in history ™ "'"" ^ 
 
 an e"x-S'::ea Zt' "'^ ^^^^' "-""P-k. covering 
 artificial ponds ;eplnt-"""' '"' ^^"'=^^' ='"'' ""^ 
 with small nd Xate ^m"'' '''^' ^"'^ '^''^^ '" 
 
 represent the Prin:^7c!tir of 'thrptft '"^"t " 
 It possible for f-o>-.v. ^„ . / '"^ Planet, — making 
 
 geography as, inThe';; "b/th :j"l h^ ''"'''^' 
 through all the eenturies of history ^ ' P^'^''* 
 
 bee'n''retaired'"R°l '''"""^ "'"' "^ ''>^' ''- have 
 
 tine pnrl 1 P ^^ °"^ °^" nioclel of Pales 
 
 cros'sintthrsl^ ™^^ '^'^^^ "'^ --" -" wi^!,:t 
 
 vistT'I'taVof^Geo^'T ^"""^^"^ '^-"'"^ P™. 
 ■ofty walls, h"s Ll'cTnr^ ^;iri"e ^°? ^- '^ 
 .n bas-relief the continents and nlo^^tin ran^l's "c"? 
 hemisphere ,s hidden under the floor, but a clA^ , 
 
 huge maps' tsening^hedl:;^;:^^^ T '''''"''' 
 Near each map I find^ nbrar, if 2 ^"T f °°"P'^- 
 
 '0 the continent to Which ^^et^^rdSrtf 
 
 # 
 
 it • . ' f 
 
 ii 
 
 (,Ml 
 
236 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 I Mil 
 
 I i,i 
 
 W ' '1 i|. 
 
 !l I 
 
 huge portfolio resting on an easel are pictures, engrav- 
 ings, and photographs by the hundred, illustrating the 
 architecture and natural scenery of the same continent, 
 with smaller stereoscopic views by the thousand, all 
 these helps furnishing the best facilities in the world 
 for the thorough study of geography. 
 
 The illustration of language-teaching, by the natural 
 method at its perfection, will be given. The student 
 may live for weeks in German quarters, where all the 
 conversation will be conducted in German, and where 
 the habits of German social life are reproduced. He 
 may listen to lectures, and study the literature of the 
 language, as though he were himself in Germany. 
 French, Latin, and Hebrew quarters will give the same 
 rare opportunities to the students of these several 
 languages. 
 
 One of the best features of the " Chautauqua that is 
 to be" will be found in the "After-school," — a session 
 of from four to six weeks, devoted to specialties ; the 
 most distinguished lecturers which the world can fur- 
 nish being present for from two to four weeks, so that 
 the student in any specialty may listen to lectures from 
 the greatest living authorities on the planet, and receive 
 instructions for a short space of time from the best 
 teachers, .using the new "After-school Series " of text- 
 books yet to be provided. The advantages of the four 
 to six weeks' "After-school" of specialties will be so 
 great that no teacher or student can well afford to be 
 absent from their privileges. 
 
 Schools of music, schools of art, schools of science, 
 schools of medicine, of theology, of law, and of general 
 handicraft, will be organized and conducted by compe- 
 tent leaders. 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA AfOVEMENT. 237 
 
 Models of cottages and farmhouses will illustrate 
 architectural possibilities within the reach of the hum 
 blest people. 
 
 Especial attention will be given to the department 
 of humanity ; to modes of preventing pauperism, and of 
 making honest poverty respectable; to ways of reform 
 of honest hying of training childhood, and of Indus! 
 trial life in all of its demands and possibilit-'es 
 
 A "Foreign Tour" in that coming time will prove 
 an a most perfect preparation for an actual journey 
 Whatever art, Hterature, and the living voice can do! 
 will be found in connection with the " Teachers' Re 
 treat ; " and people expecting to travel abroad will avail 
 themselves of this annual opportunity for preparation 
 
 .^.T^'^'^'' ^ '"" '^^ """" ^^ Philosophy," mo^e 
 than double its present size, built of snow-white marble 
 standing among the trees of St. Paul's Grove Multi' 
 tudes tread its pavements, joining in Chautauqua songs, 
 observing " memorial days " with solemn service, keep! 
 ing the "vesper hour," and under the blaze of the 
 Athenian watch-fires" joining in the "night vigil-" 
 holding "round-table" discussions and " students' ses- 
 sions, and listening to scholarly lectures delivered by 
 the foremost thinkers of that coming time 
 
 Resident professors will devote themselves all the 
 year to the work of correspondence, and ten thousand 
 students in all parts of the world will be directed in 
 reading and study from that central office. University 
 examinations will take place during every month of the 
 year, and candidates will come for such examination 
 irom many lands. 
 
 A " Ministers' Retreat " will at that time have been 
 
 * •-• i< 
 
 k< I ' 
 
 I'l 
 
 ti :JJ 
 
 
»" 
 
 '.■--a« 
 
 U'!i: 
 
 238 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 erected. For a nominal sum ministers may bring their 
 families to Chautauqua, and find comfortable quarters 
 while they listen to courses of lectures in literature and 
 science bearing upon their professional duties. 
 
 The Chautauqua Press will have provided ample libra- 
 ries in all departments of literature, in cheap or more 
 expensive form, according to the taste and ability of 
 the readers. 
 
 There will be "high days" in Chautauqua, — " Me- 
 morial Days," when names precious to all Chautauquans 
 will be tenderly spoken ; "Recognition Day," when the 
 golden gate shall be opened, and children with their 
 baskets of flowers, conforming to custom from time 
 immemorial, will strew with blossoms the pathway of 
 pilgrims under the arches to the " Hall on the Hill." 
 There will be the great " Commencement Day," when 
 diplomas are given and degrees conferred by the chan- 
 cellor of that time, and representatives from all parts 
 of the world will come to receive the rewards of dili- 
 gence, fidelity, and perseverance. 
 
 There will be ample means provided for the Chautau- 
 qua of the future. Men and women who have directly 
 or through their parents received from Chautauqua 
 awakening and inspiration, and who have thereby ac- 
 cumulated property, will contribute liberally of their 
 ample resources to the building-up of "Alma Mater." 
 I dare not name the sums which in my dream I see 
 placed on the altar at Chautauqua, — sums which will 
 in 1950 A.D. constitute her munificent endowment. 
 
 There will be at Chautauqua a "Holy Catholic 
 Church," where no denomination that names the name 
 of Christ will be rejected, and where all denominations 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 239 
 
 may bend at a common altar, in unity of spirit, with tlie 
 freedom of trutl, and charity. I„ .he service of tlat 
 hurch, al that .s great, venerable, and precious in the 
 l.turgies of the ages shall be connected with the liberty 
 ot extemporaneous service. However diverse the de 
 nonnnafonal relations of Chautauquans, believing Lu's" 
 shall be one at that sacred shrine, where the Chrk 
 of human, y,s exalted, and his Spirit imparted. The r 
 motto Shan be : " In the freedom of truth" and the pir t 
 of Jesus Christ, we unite for the worship of God 2 
 the service of men." 
 
 In my visions I behold in the centre of the grove a 
 sacred temple to which few have access ; lofty sTron^ 
 budt, crowned with ivy; only those go b yond'its w ,t 
 barred portals who know the sacred pass-words. B els d 
 shall hey be who are then members of that "GuiW of 
 
 knowlts'r:: ' "°'""'" "^ ^^" ''- ^""'-Sh but few 
 know Its real name, -a "guild" in existence to-day 
 
 very sacred and membership in it very honorable, and 
 further revelation concerning it impossible 
 
 ,nrn"l?f \ "'°'' ''''^^"' "^ P'^'=« ^"^ circumstance 
 urn out to be "naught but idle dreams".' The real 
 
 "Chautauqua" is not dependent longer upon locamy 
 
 The grove may be cut down, the buildings consumed by 
 
 fire the golden gate broken into fragments, the HI of 
 
 Ph losophy remam only i„ memory, all visitors cease to 
 
 Meeti /, Tf ''"''" f "' "'" ^"°'''' ^"'l 'he Summer 
 Meetngs be forever abolished, - yet Chautauqua re- 
 mams, and must remain. The Chautauqua of ideas and 
 .nsp,rat.o„s is not dependent upon the literal and local 
 Chautauqua. May they long remain united, and each 
 m,n>ster to the strength and glory of the oth;r - 
 
 J' I 
 
 •U-ilJl 
 
240 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 \ 
 
 I" i^ 
 
 CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 ** Heaven touches earth as onwards naiu /go. 
 Hasting to reach the city of the d/est." — Henry Burton. 
 
 "npHE Hall in the Grove" is the centre of our 
 J- charmed Circle. Towards this spot all loyal 
 Chautauquans turn, coveting the privilege, if they have 
 never been there, of "seeing it some day" with their 
 own eyes ; or recalling with strange delight the hours 
 they have spent under the shadow of its white columns 
 and in tfie fellowship of the Circle. 
 
 Here the "early lectures " are delivered by the mag- 
 nates, — the philosophers and the theologians, who love 
 to "discourse on lofty themes." At eight o'clock they 
 and their disciples come, sometimes crowding the hall 
 even on a rainy morning, and "many women are among 
 them." Profound and learned lectures, followed by 
 close and animated conversations, all packed with rich 
 and weighty thought, give the "Hall of Philosophy" 
 a peculiar attractiveness to great and cultivated brains 
 who come to Chautauqua. The "elect " are they, who 
 make their way through St. Paul's Grove, morning 
 after morning, for these "early lectures." 
 
 Here at five o'clock in the afternoon the "Round 
 Tables " are held. Then all the " C. L. S. C.s " are 
 present. They come in unformed processions and hur- 
 rying crowds, from Normal . Hall and Temple, from 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 24, 
 
 cottage and hotel, from Museum and Park of Palestine 
 from boats on the lake and from gymnasium. Every 
 chains soon occupied. - often even before peal or 
 chime rings m the hour. Rude benches are pulled up 
 to the mounds that rise just outside of the Hall Shawl, 
 are spread, and scores of people seated on the ground 
 Many stand It is a beauriful sight, -this closely 
 woven and fringed mass of human beings in and aboul 
 the white hall, among the green trees, the lake a little 
 way beyond, the rays from the setting sun reflected 
 from quivering leaves, or touching with their beauty 
 
 Imnfjr i^r" '™"^' °^ '^^"^^ «"d the fair col- 
 umns of the hall, and illuminating faces of singers and 
 speakers and people. 
 
 The "Round Table" exercises are begun by a song 
 a word of greeting, "uplifted hands ■' or "standing up^J 
 to report the classes represented, or to answer the 
 question, "What C. L. S. C. members are her for he 
 
 from tL' ":t "r ^"»"''^"" '^^P^"^-" °f ->-me 
 from the rest by the clapping of hands, that the new- 
 comers may feel " at home." Then comes a very short 
 lee ure on some C. L. S. C, topic; ora "convcrsatL'Tn 
 which one or more educational themes are discussed bv 
 a question or series of questions from the conductor and 
 by concise answers from the Circle, these answer being 
 taken down, and read and re-read in the hearing of all 
 
 slins oV ^"'''"" ^.''^"" ""^y ^' opened, and on 
 
 the df 1,'"'''' '''''''' "P ^™"' "^'^'•y P^"^' °f the hall to 
 he desk, come questions relating to the C. L S C _ 
 
 Why such a " book was put on the list ; " whether one 
 
 ^r' ?!;:'^°°^-^y''^ «-^ as a substitute ?■ what 
 >sth. =„anding 01 a member who "read the books of 
 
 
 i^ ' 
 
 ■li 
 
 !1 *■''*? 
 
242 
 
 ili 
 
 r 
 
 
 
 
 m 
 
 '1 
 
 j 
 
 
 ;., 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 j 
 
 
 ■;t 
 
 1 
 
 fill 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 , I 
 
 '!'i!r!i 
 
 I I 
 
 III 
 
 ItilE 
 
 r///i CHAUTAUQUA MOVE ME XT. 
 
 three years, but dropped out of the Circle for one 
 year;'' what is required in order to win the "white 
 seal ;" the difference between the white and the "white 
 crystal ; " the " duties and privileges of those who be- 
 long to the 'League of the Round Table; ' " the various 
 "grades of the 'Guild of the Seven Seals;'" "how to 
 reconcile a statement in one of the required books with 
 a statement in another ; " " why we cannot have more 
 •drills' at the Round Table;" "what is the color of 
 the badge for 'Z6'' or " '89" or some other year; "who 
 is president of the Class of '89," etc. Sometimes the 
 questions are asked orally, and somebody answers be- 
 fore the conductor has a chance to speak. Questions 
 and answers are sometimes so good or so simple, so odd 
 or so ill-timed, as to cause a ringing laugh from one end 
 of the hall to the other. 
 
 The Round Table is now and then resolved into "A 
 Conference on Blunders of Speech at Chautauqua." 
 Everybody is at liberty to report remarks, pronuncia- 
 tions, violations of grammar, etc., heard at Chautauqua 
 on the street, in the cottages, or from speakers on the 
 platform. Oral and written questions now fly thick 
 and fast: "How do you, Mr. Conductor, pronounce 
 
 ■ ? " Perhaps the conductor has just mispronounced 
 
 it. On the platform sit two or more professors with 
 copies of Webster, Worcester, and other authorities, to 
 whom appeal is from time to time made. This is, on 
 the whole, one of the most amusing and useful of the 
 Round-Table exercises. 
 
 Now and then we listen to reports from C. L. S. C. 
 work in various sections of the country, to statements 
 of difficulty, to a proposal of new plans, to an illustra- 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEAfENT. 3^3 
 
 tion of method in local nV/^ir. ^^ • ^ 
 to an account of "omCpel, Z"" '"""' ^'"'""• 
 day. There is scarccl/ ^n'!' rmlT the" ' "■,?"""' 
 useful exercises of n "W \ ^^ Poss'l>le and 
 
 As the ho r raw nea t"s d"" k°"c'' ^="''^-" 
 
 .ivenoutorcal,edfLfltfa>:;ss-;;;:r"or;i 
 M. . r ' EVENING PRAISE. 
 
 Mary A. Lathbury. 
 
 r;^-b;fe^"^l-"ET"'-SEM,.CHORUS. ^M. F. SherWIN. ,877. 
 
 Full Chorus. ' ' ' 
 
 cres. 
 
 
 pHJiSi^^ 
 
 
 ^■=^:xrT>^~T- 
 
 -T— rl ?^— +— 1 
 
 
 
 i. , L' 
 
m 
 
 r I'l 
 
 "I r'n 
 
 f 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 
 244 
 
 T//E CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 was omitted, and a part of the audience had left. Some 
 one reminded the conductor; and the Hall was soon 
 filled again, and the hymn was announced and sung. It 
 is a beautiful hymn. Mary A. Lathbury was inspired 
 when she wrote it. No one can hear it sung at the 
 close of a Round Table or Vesper Service at Chautau- 
 qua, without feeling its power. All Chautauquans are 
 supposed to know and often to sing it. 
 
 The classes of the several years usually hold brief 
 business meetings at the close of the Round Table. It 
 is interesting to watch the groups in each corner of the 
 Hall, one at the centre and one or two under the trees 
 outside, attending to the business of their respective 
 classes, electing officers, arranging for special meetings, 
 an excursion, a reception, a song-service perhaps, or 
 something else designed to bring them together and to 
 foster the class-spirit. 
 
 The "Vesper Hour" is at five o'clock on Sabbath. 
 It is never omitted during the season ; and the resident 
 Chautuaquans have for one or two years kept it up 
 through the entire year, gathering on the stormiest 
 evening in the Hall, to sing the evening hymn and to 
 pray for "all members of the Circle all over the 
 world." 
 
 The Sabbath "Vesper Hour" at Chautauqua, espe- 
 cially during the Assembly, is the most impressive of all 
 the Chautauqua services. There seems to be a brood- 
 ing Presence which invests the place and hour with 
 most solemn and tender influences. Hymns are sun"-, 
 one of the prescribed vesper services rendered respon- 
 sively, and remarks made, usually by the Chancellor 
 and one of his associates. The greatness of God our 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 245 
 
 gentleness, the "wide^ess in ^^ ' ','f ""'h^^-'ike 
 in forgiving and fojett n^ h1 ,„"Z- "J^^''^''^"'^' 
 love of righteousness^ His'ritv H , ° , ""' "'^ 
 although hidden in it proce'sse^ " J'rK "? "'"'' 
 its aim and end Th/, ! ^' beneficent in 
 
 bear the burdens of We is?'' ,° ,""'' ""' ^°"°"^ «"d 
 
 o£ high ain,s the rttr „;tne?;rr^ '"Z^^"- 
 silence when one -.nfc ""^""^^ ^^ self-sacrifice ; of 
 
 silence wo^ld comp ^"r us" 'T ''/ ''''''' '''''' 
 duties ; the glorious'op; Li i;s l^lT, "', '""'^ 
 m very humble homes where children !l7t ' "''" 
 
 and where they form ideals of 1. - '"^P"-^'i°"^ 
 
 which they ^o^e..z:^:::,:[^z:^::':::^-^' 
 
 and home. Really the key-note of the Vesper H 
 found m those matchless words of Paul < m "°"'' '^ 
 thmgs are true, whatsoever thin "s are L *^'!'"=^" 
 ever things are just, whatsoete rhin" are o. T 
 soever things are lovely, whatsoever ttin^T ar of ''," 
 report ; if there be any virtue and f fh! k ^°'"' 
 praise, think on these things " '^ ^^ ""^ 
 
 I cannot better give my feelings towards the '■ Hall " 
 
 :;-:«::• T^t^ajs^r^.^ - r-"^ 
 
 confidence in the radical wrk which I tin""''" 7 
 
 f-y 'brou^l^ ;^h: rertefwrhTlJwt ^C?'- 
 
 auquans the dear old "Hall in the Grove ALtt" 
 
 -tarn .me old counsels which are not^o old't^t 
 
 liii 
 
 r,W! 
 
 ,PJ 
 
246 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT 
 
 The season is over. The crowds have gone. The 
 classic groves are again quiet. The silent lake lies by 
 ci silent shore, reflecting the lovely verdure of trees and 
 terraces, and the deep blue of over-arching heavens. 
 The Temple, busy scene for all these weeks, is solitary 
 now as a deserted abbey. The huge amphitheatre with 
 ;ts capacious concave, its chairless orchestra and sealed- 
 up organ, seems awful in its vast emptiness, and sacred 
 with haunting memories of eloquence and song, and of 
 surging, enraptured, applauding multitudes. Palestine 
 is deserted. Jerusalem is solitary. The waters of the 
 Dead Sea have backed up until Jordan has far over- 
 flowed its banks. The fountains have ceased their play, 
 the electric light no more vies with moon and stars, the 
 walks are well-nigh forsaken, and again in the prime- 
 val forest one walks alone, and undisturbed meditates 
 in the temple of nature. One spot is doubly sacred 
 since the crowds have gone. It is the Hall of Philoso- 
 phy. In impressive majesty it crowns the hill. Its 
 white columns present a fine contrast with the brown 
 and gray trunks, and the now changing foliage of the 
 trees, in St. Paul's Grove. The vesper-song has ceased. 
 The voices of query and counsel, raillery, jest and mel- 
 ody, are no more heard. The earnest souls who hither 
 came with love and zeal, with hope and desire, have 
 passed forth into a busy world, with memories not soon 
 to be forgotten, joys never to be wholly extinguished, 
 and resolutions which reach out towards the higher,' 
 larger plane of human aspiration, to find their end and 
 crown in God. 
 
 There is to me an ineffable charm about this dear 
 old hall. In it Jiif ure dwells, and God reigns. In it 
 
rm CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 247 
 
 many a burdened soul ha^ fn.m^ • 
 fulness, freedom and rest mL ' '^■■""' "'°"g'^'- 
 without human sign to ^lrk??T\" "°»y"abled vow, 
 and strength out^ of the til e^t b,^'?""°''' ^^^-^^ 
 heavens, to prepare human soul for h ^""^"^""■P^^^ing 
 service in far-away homl T "'"^" ^"'^ ^'""6 
 
 gle and sorrow ^hero;s"ar'T™"° ''^^^ "' ^'™g- 
 Chautauqua world .'the 'hJ^ Th^r °' ''' """'^ 
 not far thenee to heaven. ' '^™""- ^^ '« 
 
 As I linger a few days in these oil^nf j 
 sanctuaries after the mnlHf,, . u "' ^"'' ^^'^''^d 
 
 self and wJZ f! "'""""'''== "^"^ gone, to rest my- 
 
 think, of' 0': :; Tr' T^^ -' - "-e world.'l 
 
 readers and rents' f^ ^ ^5^' ^ ^"""-^ ^^ 
 Other lands • and T Vn^ ^'^ ^^^^ ^his and 
 
 of advice that ling from'tT "" "'^"^^ ^ ^^^^ "-"s 
 the trees, and steaUuf oT the' ^T'"" '"' ''™P f^"" 
 turns a listening ear o °Lt^.'"'" "' enthusiasm 
 Chautauqua may sav to the ""^"'bodied spirit of 
 
 tauqua everywhere "''"'' "^"^hters of Chau- 
 
 so.eitstti':: ::Cefh "'"■"• ^"'^'"^■«<' ^^ 
 
 be incarnated and exercTsedT T" '"'"'""'■ "^^''^ '» 
 -y-day doing thrTu^h tHe wh' ^"^ t''°™-='^^' 
 raptures, longings and covenantrmusrh; . f """^ 
 into heroisms of a nlain j ^ transformed 
 
 ""sentimental aL^^ /«"j,f ~ type. i„ ,,, 
 niay ead us Th^ ru . . ^^^^^ s^ern duty 
 
 ity The 4„^„f%^,'^f "'^"^"^ fervor must become fide^ 
 
 slohoonriid parior ?^ ""'' '"'P ^''"P' ''''^hen, 
 and muscle Songs .^A "* " """'' «" '"'° ""'-e 
 October and vC^ ^"^"'^ ""^^ '"'"'e sinews for 
 
 ,; 'i[ 
 
 
248 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 \\\\ 
 
 B#fll 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 1 i 
 t 
 
 After the grand review — dress-parade, oratory, music, 
 flags, and fireworks — comes the common, every-day 
 routine, — plough, pen, needle, and nursery. Farewell 
 to the holiday ! All hail to the working-day ! Between 
 the two there is a vast difference ; and both are good. 
 
 There is a difference between the peal of morning 
 bells rolling over lake and through forest-trees, with 
 the warble of wild-wood birds, waking one up to a day 
 of music and eloquence, Sunday clothes, and good so- 
 ciety ; and the gruff call or dissonant bell-ring of some- 
 body whose business it is to tell you to be up and at it, 
 at once and for all day, whether you feel like it or not. 
 
 There is a difference between sitting down to a 
 breakfast that was prepared for you by servants ; and 
 getting up to build a fire, and boil a kettle, and broil a 
 steak, and wait for all the household to come down and 
 in, and get through, and give you a chance to do some- 
 thing else before a half-dozen other things claim your 
 time and thought, and thus make way for a dozen and one 
 additional things that fill up the unprinted programme 
 of your own domestic or official '* assembly " at home. 
 
 There is a difference between a precious Bible-read- 
 ing at eight o'clock, with all the sweetest texts in the 
 book put into lines or clusters or circles like gems in 
 royal treasure plJite ; and the care of a " mussed-up " 
 table, a pile of soiled dishes, or a naughty, nervous, or 
 afflicted child. 
 
 There is a difference between one of dear brother 
 Adams's devotional conferences at nine o'clock, with the 
 fresh experiences of many hearts (who for the time 
 forget crying children and crowded kitchen) full of joy 
 ai^d peace and triumph, with the ingenious interpreta- 
 
! Between 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 249 
 
 tions of old or difficult or out-of-the-way texts, with the 
 sweet and fervent prayers that sound as if heaven were 
 near and not afar off, and as if all the people one saw 
 fimng the Amphitheatre were saints of God who had 
 eft the 'exceeding glory" for an hour to give Chau- 
 tauqua a taste of the celestial life ; there is, I say, a 
 difference between all this, and the sweeping and dust- 
 mg, the stewing and sweating, the clerking and teach- 
 ing, the hammering and ploughing, and all the rest of 
 the mdoor and outdoor exercises that usurp the blessed 
 n.ne-0 clock devotional conference hour, for which at 
 
 tZmel ''" ""''' '"' '° "'"'' "o °'-S- - -'» 
 There is a difference between the eleven-o'clock lec- 
 ture about life, science, and philosophy, full of wit and 
 wisdom ; and the planning and toiling for a dinner in 
 which something will scorch or spoil, and concerning 
 which peevish and fault-finding words are sure to be 
 spoken by those who ought to be, but are not, con- 
 siderate and sympathetic. 
 
 There is a difference between a two-o'clock afternoon 
 concert of gifted voices, stringed instruments, and or- 
 gans; and an aching head and quivering nerves, where 
 rest IS refused you, and the hard, straining, dragging 
 work must go on, whether you like or loathe it ° 
 
 . y,!'^"'?, '? ,^ '^'^^'•«"« between the four-o'clock "spe- 
 cialties, full of help and instruction; and the insi^d, 
 fashionable call that wastes your time, disturbs your 
 conscience, and makes you wish " society " to the dogs 
 There IS a difference between the precious five-o'clock 
 Round Table or Vesper Hour, with its free conversa- 
 tions (like a family chat) about simple things connected 
 
 Mill 
 
 \i\ 
 
250 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 
 with our beloved Circle, with its broad thoughts, its 
 sweet friendships, its holy prayers, its soothing and up- 
 lifting " Day is dying in the west," when the sunlight 
 seems like a veritable revelation of the shechinah, and 
 the air is vibrant with divinest sympathies ; there is a 
 difference between the Chautauqua five o'clock, and the 
 average five o'clock at home, in field, in street, in shop. 
 
 There is a difference between a Chautauqua evening 
 of lectures, songs, burlesque, boat-ride, camp-fire, re- 
 ception, illuminated fleet, and gorgeous fireworks ; and 
 the weariness of a routine life evening, — the physical 
 energy gone, the children out of sorts, misunderstand- 
 ings in home, neighborhood, or church, the prospect of 
 a sleepless night, and of an enervating and irritating 
 to-morrow. 
 
 A difference, to be sure. But then remember that 
 these every-days should be glorified by the Chautauqua 
 days. And remember that they test the sentiments 
 enkindled and resolutions formed in the pleasurable 
 excitements, devotional services, splendid processions, 
 and great audiences of the more favored season. 
 
 Fellow-students, let the charm of the Chautauqua 
 days be felt through all the intervening days. By 
 strong resolve, put high thoughts, tender sympathies, 
 devout aspirations, unwearying patience, into the most 
 unsentimental, uncomfortable, and vexatious experiences 
 and emergencies of home and business life, and thus 
 diminish the difference in real value between Chautau- 
 qua days and other days. 
 
 Remember well that worthier than the head is the 
 heart, — the heart, with its sympathies, emotions, 
 affections, and conscience, and will. I put these all in 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 25 1 
 
 one, -HEART. Without heart, students and teachers 
 are as worthless as terraced gardens on the slopes of 
 an iceberg. Concerning a promising but passionless 
 cantatrice, a musician said, - She sings well, but she 
 wants something, and in that something every thin^ 
 If I were single I would court her; I would marry 
 her; I would maltreat her; I would break her heart- 
 
 Em-o V''"" '^''"^^'' '^' '"''"^'^ ^^ ^^' ^'^^^"'^ '^"^^^ ^^' 
 Does God deal in some such ways with his children " 
 -his teachers among men.? Is the whole of life a 
 normal school for our training > The best lessons we 
 receive are not those given from rostrum, blackboard, 
 or laboratory. Nor are they always in the lines of 
 literary and scientific thought. They come through 
 petty vexations, pricking thorns, defeats of ambitions 
 stings of gossip, desertion by friends, open graves, and 
 hushed voices without whose melody we did not think 
 we could live. Out of such grief, and in such grief, 
 God s grace is given. Adelaide Procter has sung a 
 song of comfort for God's students : — 
 
 " I tliink, if thou couldst know, 
 O soul that will complain, 
 What lies concealed below 
 
 Our burden and our pain, — 
 How just our anguish brings 
 Nearer those longed-for things 
 We seek for now in vain, — 
 I think thou wouldst rejoice, and not complain. 
 
 " I think, if thou couldst see 
 With thy dim mortal sight 
 How meanings, dark to thee, 
 Are shadows, hiding litrht ; 
 
 If |j' -I 
 fc .1 
 
252 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 Truth's efforts crossed and vexed, 
 Life's purpose all perplexed, — 
 If thou couldst see them right, 
 I think that they would seem all clear, and wise, and bright. 
 
 " And yet thou canst not know, 
 And yet thou canst not see ; 
 Wisdom and sight are sl»w 
 
 In poor humanity. 
 If thou couldst trust, poor soul. 
 In Him who rules the whole, 
 Thou wouldst find peace and rest : 
 Wisdom and sight are well, but trust is best." 
 
 " Day is dying in the west," and it is time for closing 
 words. Very soon autumn leaves will strew the ground, 
 and very soon the glory of autumn will be hidden by 
 the crystal splendors of winter. The blessed re-unions 
 of this summer will have passed into history, and our 
 scattered fraternity be engaged in the conflicts of this 
 weary and busy, but, after all, glorious world. In the 
 strife and the weariness and the work, let us remember 
 every inspiring service of the past, and gather strength 
 also from our look of faith into the future, — the future 
 that is nearest, and the future that is very far off ; a 
 future m which we shall be the glad children of a good 
 Father ; that Father a great King, and that King im- 
 mortal, invisible, eternal, who has wonderful things for 
 us which one day he will give to us when he gives to 
 us himself. 
 
NT. 
 
 ise, and bright. 
 
 ne for closing 
 w the ground, 
 DC hidden by 
 sed re-unions 
 tory, and our 
 iflicts of this 
 orld. In the 
 us remember 
 ther strength 
 — the future 
 ixy far otf ; a 
 en of a good 
 lat King im- 
 ul things for 
 he gives to 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 m 
 
 \ n 
 
 W' 
 
 ' 4i 
 
 1 ' 
 

 f 
 
 ii 
 
 ' 'm 
 
Appendix. 
 
 I. 
 
 "^rom Husty cities, „„j^^^^, 
 
 The Assembly was pronounced b/"everybodv .' a ^" ' 
 attendance was larger, the weather finer i.. ^ '"''"''• ^^^ 
 '"ore radical, the entertainments mo eV 'T""' ^''''''' '^' ^^°^k 
 ^■hole more able, and the finrre^r ^'''''^"' '^' ^'''^''^^ on the 
 Of its projectors had dared "p.omt"" "'^'^^'°^^' ''^^ '^^ breams 
 
 For a whole year effirw ,* ^ 
 officia. letter f J, .h^t:, ", "Jjrc'h'f """ """ " "* ^he 
 Assoeiation is now bef„re m. It .„!.,? tu"'""' ''"''' Camp-meeting 
 'eports the ratification by th tot oXers o,° h """'""' '^--W.-.-anf 
 of Trustees. Tl,i, ,e„er\ears datHr ^ g""'™ '="'™ "^ ">' '"-<! 
 
 P .es, Order, Reereation, SanitaTv tZ ™""'"' Entertainment, Sup. 
 J'.arge o( ,;,a devotional and n'strjc L^"' '"' "' Instruction had 
 J- H. Vincent in charge. The 5! ■ , "'"''' "' "" Assembly, 
 
 fcotel and ten. accomr„dat »„ f'tp "T"' ,°' '^"•="-™- Provided 
 for the invited guests of the AssemT'L"'/"" .'^P'""'' -^-bers, 
 ehargeot tents and other places devoed ,0 „n""'°"' ""' "^° "•'" 
 Leshe ,n charge. The Department oftl'v '^ ^'" "'"■'"^- ""• "■ W. 
 ^ superintend market, fo^r the 4ly orprvisl^s^'r '° "'"''"^ 
 
 hav< 
 
 ^citciUi 
 
 . !■ f 
 
 % 
 
 25s 
 
256 
 
 THE CHAl/TAirQl/A MOVEAfENT. 
 
 supervision of hotels and restaurants controlled by the Assembly, Mr. 
 J. E. Wescner in ciiargc. The Department of Older was required to 
 enforce the rules of order adopted by the Executive Hoard, to have charge 
 of the lights, and in every possible way to promote the peace and quiet of 
 the Assembly during its entire session, Rev. K. M. Warren in charge. 
 The Department of Recreation was to provide and control the recrca^ 
 tions allowed by the Assembly, Rev. W. W. Wythe, M.D., in charge. 
 The Sanitary Department was required to provide and enforce such 
 sanitary measures as shall promote the health and convenience of the 
 Assembly, J. E. Stubbs, M.D., in charge. All these departments were 
 subject to the direction and approval of the Executive Board. Lewis 
 Miller, Esq., was chairman of the Assembly, and ex-cjicio chairman of 
 the Executive IJoard. 
 
 The first Sunday-school Assembly was wid<;ly advertised. "The 
 Sunday-school Times,- and leading Sunday-schoo papers of all denomi- 
 nations, seconded the efforts of " The Sunday-scl.ool Journal " and other 
 publications of the Methodist-Episcopal Chu ch in announcing the 
 Assembly and in publishing its programme in advance. 
 
 " Chautauqua Extras " of " The Sunday-schc ol Journal " were issued 
 in large numbers, giving ample answers to th ; questions: "Where is 
 Chautauqua.?" "How to reach Chautauqua," "What is to be done at 
 Chautauqua.'" with the course of study to be pursued at the Assembly, 
 the list of speakers, teachers, and singers expe :ted, announcing months 
 beforehand the books which candidates for the Normal Department were 
 expected to read in advance. 
 
 The following are some items in Chautauqua Extra No. i : 
 
 — " It is spelled with three k's, — Cha7/ta//q« .." 
 
 — " It has been known to rain at Chautauqua Lake." 
 
 — " Are you afraid of little discomforts ? Stiiy at home." 
 
 — "That delightful singer, P. P. Bliss of Chi ;ago, calls the Assembly 
 * & chat-talk-away affair.' He will be there." 
 
 — "No recreations during lecture and institute hours. Persons who 
 are not willing to observe this law will please stay at home." 
 
 — "The Department of Order will organize the best boys on the 
 ground into a police-page corps. The shield badges are ready." 
 
 — " Bring your biggest shawl. Chautauqua .ake is twelve hundred 
 feet above the Atlantic Ocean, and it is sometiities comparatively cool 
 there even in August." 
 
 — "The gates will be closed on Saturday e -ening, and kept closet! 
 until Monday morning. No steamers will be allowed to land at Fair 
 Point on Sundays." 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT, 257 
 
 -"Persons attending the Assembly must be nrenarer! fnr fl,« 
 discomforts of out-door and camn i;f. \Z f'^^P^'^e^ 'or the usual 
 
 patience and forbearance on the ,J T . ' ^^ "^'^ """* 
 
 Assen.bly" ^"' ""^ quests and members of the 
 
 whose music on the cornet will ni„ 1 r "beloved F. A. Goodwin, 
 
 Henry P. Have, of CcUc'cu,, from Ge" S B F ."' "'n' '""" 
 ■"»60, a,ul a score of others st II living I , , ■''"°'"' °''- ' '''■ 
 
 reeeived o„ >he 8th of Angus!:- '^"" '"" ^^°" ""' 
 
 W,p"°" "" "•"• '"' ■"' '" '-"'"«• =-P-' - to.m„„ow.-BL,ss A»D 
 
 »r^;s:rr:^rfir;s-:;itrc^^ 
 
 mornhg of the Oneniim n^v o f i '^"eips, iN.y., Aug. 6. On the 
 
 Col c« "', ^^^'P^""'^ Day, a telegram was received from Pike's Peil. 
 Col sent by Bishop Thomas Bowman: "The Colorad/r / ' 
 sends sunrise ?reetina« tr. tK» ru . \ * "^ Colorado Conference 
 
 unrise greetings to the Chautauqua-Lake Assembly " 
 
 Ihe opening meeting on Tuesday evening Aue a L. . a u 
 ginn ng of a creat work ti,» » ^ ^' ^' ^^^ ^ 8"°^ be- 
 
 6 g ot a great work. The stars were out, and looked down through 
 
 if*.': 
 
 Ml 
 
 r ,: 
 
 111 
 
 ,. ;.i*;.. 
 
 
 
 ^^^*!^^ 
 
25^ 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 ii 
 
 'K %'. 
 
 |l 1 
 
 P! Hi 
 
 trembling leaves upon a goodly, well-wrapped company who sat in the 
 grove, filled with wonder and hope. No electric light brought platform 
 and people face to face that night. The old-fashioned pine fires on rude 
 four-legged stands, like tall tables covered with earth, burned with un- 
 steady, flickering flame ; now and then breaking into temporary brilliancy 
 by the contact of a resinous knot of pine or a vigorous stirring-up by the 
 stick, of the rustic fireman who knew how to snuff candles and how to 
 turn light on the crowd of campers-out. The white tents were very 
 beautiful in that evening light. 
 
 The Assembly opened with the reading of Zech. iv. i-6, and a prayer- 
 after which the International Lesson for the following Sabbath, Mark iv.' 
 35-41, was read. Singing and prayer followed, with brief addresses by 
 the representatives of the Baptist, Congregational, Presbyterian, and 
 Method.st-Episcopal Churches. The following Vesper Service was used 
 almost daily during the first Assembly, and, since then, at the opening 
 session of every Assembly "on the first Tuesday evening in August:" — 
 
 Leader. — The day goeth away. (Jcr. 6:4.) 
 
 Congregation. — The shadows of the evening are stretched out. (Jer. 6 : 4.) 
 
 L. — Praise waitetli for thee, God, in Zion ; 
 
 C. —And unto thee shall the vow be performed. (Ps. 65 : i ) 
 
 L. — Thou makest the outgoings of the morning and evening to rejoice rPs 
 65 : 8.) o J V . 
 
 C. — Evening and morning, and at noon, will I pray and cry aloud. (Ps. 55 : 17.) 
 Communion -with God. 4 lines, 7s. 
 Softly now the light of day 
 Fades upon our sight away ; 
 Free from care, from labor free, 
 Lord, we woald commune with thee. 
 
 Z. — And they heard the voice of the Lord God walking in the garden in the 
 cool of the day ; 
 
 C — And Adam and his wife hid themselves from ihe presence of the Lord 
 God, amongst the trees of the garden. (Gen. 3 : 8.) 
 
 L. — Draw nigh to God, and he will draw nigh to you. (Jas. 4 : 8.) 
 
 Bethany. 6s and 4s. 
 Nearer, my God, to thee. 
 
 Nearer to thee ! 
 E'en though it be a cross 
 
 That raiseth me ; 
 Still all my song shall be, — 
 Nearer, my God, to thee, 
 
 Nearer to thee. 
 
id out. (Jer. 6 : 4.) 
 
 aloud. (Ps. 55 : 17.) 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 259 
 
 C-And he look of theTlrof ,,," f "'^^ ''*''""""''"'' ■ 
 
 and lay down i„ ,ha, p,a„ ,0 sleep ''"' """" '" '"' ''"'"'■ 
 
 .r it'reTcW 'oVeir:'' "' "°"' ^ "'" '" "■> °" «■' -">. >"<> .he .op 
 .8 :'^-„:.^,"'' "='"'"' "" ""«''» »' °°'' -"^i"S and descending on i.. (Gen. 
 
 Though like a wanderer, 
 
 The sun gone down, 
 Darkness comes over me 
 
 My rest a stone, 
 Yet in my dreams I'd be 
 Nearer, my God, to thee, 
 
 Nearer to thee I 
 
 There let my way appear 
 
 Steps unto heaven ; 
 All that thou sendest me 
 In mercy given ; 
 . Angels to beckon me 
 Nearer, my God, to thee, 
 Nearer to thee I 
 
 Or, if on joyful wing, 
 Cleaving the sky. 
 Sun, moon and stars forgot, 
 
 Upward I fly, 
 Still all my song shall be, — 
 Nearer, my God, to thee, 
 Prayer. ^^^'■^'" '° *hee. 
 
 ^n Evening Song. L. M. 
 Glory to thee, my God, this night. 
 For all the blessings of the light : 
 Keep me, O keep me, King of kings, 
 Beneath the shadow of thy wings. 
 
 t 
 
 ^' i 
 
'! i 
 
 260 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 m 
 
 Forgive me, Lord, for thy dear Son, 
 The ill which I this day have done; 
 That with the world, myself and thee, 
 1, ere I sleep, at peace may be. 
 
 Teach me to live that I may dread 
 The grave as little as my bed ; 
 Teach me to die that so I may 
 Rise glorious at the judgment-day. 
 
 L. — "The Lord bless thee, and keep thee ; 
 
 C. — The Lord make his face shine upon thee, and be gracious unto thee. 
 Z. — The Lord lift up his countenance upon thee, and give thee peace. 
 (Num. 6 : 24-26.) 
 
 Closing Verse. C. M. 
 
 Thus when life's to'lsome day is o'er, 
 
 May its depar ■."■ ray 
 Be calm as this impressive hour, 
 
 And lead to endless day. 
 
 The programme was divided into three terms. The following report 
 published by the author in "The Sunday-school* Journal " for Nov. 18, 
 1874, will give an idea of theyfrj/" Assembly : — 
 
 The following resume of work for the three "terms" into which the 
 fourteen days were divided will show how much was accomplished. 
 
 First Term : Aug. 4-9. 
 
 L Lectures on Practical Sunday-school Work. i. "The Superin- 
 tendent in the Desk," by Rev. H. Clay Trumbull. 2. "The Power of 
 Sympathy in Sunday-school Teaching," by Bishop Janes. 3. "Temper- 
 ance and the Sunday School," by Mrs. J. F. Willing. 4. "The Foes we 
 Fight," by John B. Gough. 5. "Tlie True Training of Children," by 
 Rev. George A. Peltz. 
 
 n. Lectures on the Bible, i. On Bible Evidences: "The Sunday 
 School and the Scientists," by Dr. L. T. Townsend. 2. On Bible Biogra- 
 phy: "Moses," by Dr. C. H. Fowler. 3, On Bible Geography: "Pales- 
 tine and its Topography," by Dr. W. W. Wythe; "Palestine and its 
 Scenery," by Dr. W. H. Perrine. 
 
 in. Four Conductors' Conversazioni, discussing the work of Sunday- 
 school institute and normal-class conductors; J. H. Vincent. 
 
 IV. Practical Se?3ions. Four meetings of primary teachers ; Mrs. Dr. 
 Knox of Elmira, N.Y., leader. One of the meetings, in Mrs. Knox's 
 absence, Mrs George Partridge of St. Louis led. Four of pastors and 
 
 I 
 
 i| 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 261 
 
 superintendents; J. H. Vincent. Dr. F. H. Marling, Dr. J. H Castle 
 J H vfnit r C ' T '''Tu' ^"--^^--Cass^acheri ; Mr'peU ! 
 Hardllder ' '""' ''"^ "' ^""^^''^'^^^ ^^^^ers; C. P.' 
 
 V. Eleven Specimen Meetings, i. Two teachers' meetings- T B 
 Tyler (perhaps also J. S. Ostrander). 2. A Sunday-schoo sf Jn D^ 
 P. G.Ilett Supermtendent. 3. Four Bible-readings ; Rev. M No^on oi 
 Er,e Con erence. Rev. Isaac Crook. Rev. C. P. Hard Rev. J S cit Inder 
 
 t h'TV""'"' ''''''' Ph''^'>' 5. A caricature lecture Frank 
 Beard. 6. Stereopticon exhibition ; Dr. W. H Perrine H hlZi T 
 niched by McAllister, of New York 7 A rMM - ^'^\^^''^^^ons fur. 
 hv T <i no* J .^ ^^^ewyork). 7- A children's meet ng; addresses 
 
 VI id ' "• {; ""• ''^"''"^' ^^^- ^^- F- C-f^«' -'d V. Beard 
 VI. Iwo Sermons. Rev. F. H. Marling and Rev. W. C. Willing. 
 
 Second Term: Aug. 10-13 
 
 sciL i"tyT B vr If ri.Y°^^ '■ " ?r ^° ^^"''^^ ^^^ '^^'^y 
 
 bvRev r U R I, ^" ^^"g"^ge and Illustration in Teaching." 
 
 by Rev^ J. M. Buckley. 3. "Dynamics of the Sunday School » bv Dr 
 
 W wSir- ,^;;f' '^^^^^^^"^^ -^ ^^'^^-^ TeIching,"byD;H; 
 6 "The Use of th J t' '''' "^' '" ''''^'^'" ^^^ ^^'PhNveL. Esq. 
 
 cor;v^b%:^^^^^^ ^- "The^Vschl^r^dr 
 
 DecaS;e.'CLV.E.O:Ha:ir- "^ " ^'^ ^""'^>'-^°°^ ^-^^^-' 
 II. Lectures on the Bible, i. Two on Bible Institutions- "Th. T.K. 
 ernacle and its Furniture." by Rev Wolcott C.U^llTl'^ , ^ 
 Phy : " Palestine and its Scenlry." ,^X. H 'pe^Hj- '^''^ ^^°^- 
 TV ^^""'■.^^"^"^^o'-s' C.«z..r..,.,,„/; J. H. Vincent. ' 
 
 F. Craffs'tadfT"" . ^"•' "'f'"^' °' ^"'""■>^ ^^^^^^^ ^-- W. 
 
 leader One of SnH ' '?"""^'^^^ ^^-^^^ers; Miss H. N. Morris, 
 
 V lu . Sunday-school superintendents; Rev. H. C. Trumbull 
 
 dnlT: T^Tr .'?T ^'^'C'-d ^.-^our each. Sublec of 
 dnil. The Books of the Bible; Bible History and Chronology- B^e 
 
 nltL I B ?r M- V- ""'''' J- ^ ^-^-' W. T'craft 
 VT ^ ■'■ ^ ' •^°''" Pea^'son, Br. Niles. 
 
 nacle tIiToh'f ''r:' i"''''"^'"' ^' "^'^ ^•^^'^^oard Hour; 2. A Taber- 
 PraL st ^"\^,f^l"'"^"^«' 3- A Stereopticon Exhibition; 4. Two 
 
 m.se Services.- W. F. Sherwin, W. F. Crafts » 4 iwo 
 
 r 
 
 !, . >l 
 
 I' 3 |if^ 
 
 ;i. f 
 
 
 
r I * 
 
 '■ 
 
 i < ' 
 
 •■ 'i 
 
 ti s 
 
 i; ' V: 
 
 1 i, 
 
 !.-+ 
 
 f^,? 
 
 262 r^^" CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 Third Term : Aug. 14-18. 
 
 I. Lectures on Sunday-school Work. "The Church Sunday School 
 by Rev Dr. D. Curry. 2. "The Ideal Sunday School," by Rev. W. F. 
 Crafts 3 " How to Handle the Boys in Sunday School and at Home," 
 by Dr T H. Vincent. 4- " Sunday-school Literature," by Mrs. Emily 
 Huntington Miller. 5- "The Sunday School a Training School for the 
 Ministry," by Rev. Dr. T. M. Eddy. 6. "Children at Preachnig, by 
 Bishop Peck. 7. "The Church of the Future in the Sunday School of 
 the Present," by Bishop Simpson. 
 
 II Practical Sessions. One for a Primary-Teachers' Question Drawer ; 
 questions answered by Mrs. Knox, Mrs. Partridge, Mrs. Crafts and Miss 
 Hattie N. Morris. One for a Miscellaneous Sunday-school Question 
 Drawer; questions answered by Rev. J. M. Freeman of New York. Prof. 
 P G GiUett, LL.D., of Illinois, Rev. C. P. Hard, Rev. S. McGerald, 
 Rev. W. A. Niles, D.D., Rev. J. S. Ostrander, and J. H. Vincent. 
 
 III. Meetings for Sections A, B, C, and D,-two each. Subjects of 
 drill: The Christian Evidences; Rules for Bible Interpretation. 
 
 IV. Six Specimen Meetings: i. A Children's Meeting ; Dr. J. M. Free- 
 man on "The Invisible Blackboard," Frank Beard on "The Invisible 
 Blackboard,*' Bishop Peck on " Things Visible and Invisible." 2. Teach- 
 ers' Meeting; 3- A Sunday-school Session; J. S. Ostrander superintend- 
 ent- 4. Teachers' Prayer-Meeting; 5. Missionary Meeting, Rev. L. F. 
 Hard, Rev. J. H. Messmore, and Bishop Simpson; 6. Competitive Ex- 
 
 amination. , -r^ rr. »* ttj 1 
 
 V. Four Sermons. Bishop Simpson, Bishop Peck, Dr. T. M. Eddy, 
 
 Dr. W. X. Ninde. 
 
 Summary of Work. 
 
 Twenty-two lectures on the Sunday-school work, -theory and practice. 
 Seven lectures on Bible history, geography, evidences, etc. Sectional 
 Meetings: nine primary; six intermediate , one senior; one superintend- 
 ents'; four pastors' and superintendents'. Eight normal-class aad institute- 
 conductors' conversazioni. Normal sections A, B, C, and D, six each. 
 Three teachers' meetings for the preparation of the lesson; two speci- 
 men Sunday-school sessions; four Bible-readings; three praise services; 
 two children's meetings ; and six sermons. 
 
 All the leading Protestant denominations were represented. Persons 
 were present from twenty-five States; also from Ontario, Montreal, Nova 
 Scotia, Ireland, Scotland, and India. 
 
 I Largely as a result of this meeting. Rev. F. A. Goodwin the yo.mg cornctist and Kev. 
 John E. Robinson offered themselves as missionaries, and sailed for India, Oct. ao, 1874- 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 263 
 
 'ii ;i 
 
 Dr. T. M. Eddy, 
 
 m 
 
 We do not atte 'pt here to mention the names of all who assisted in 
 this great enterprise. Our thanks are due to a host of men and won.en 
 whose names ate in our heart, and with whom we hope to work for years 
 to come in this noble cause, and whose fellowship in our Father's king- 
 dom we expect to enjoy forevc. The meetings were all well attended. 
 The occasional showers did not seem to abate the general enthusiasm. 
 Then we must confess that these showers came just at the right times. 
 But Oiie lecture was postponed on account of the weather, x'he evenings 
 and mornings were cool, and only on one day did we suffer from the heat. 
 
 The marvels of the museum, the novelty and sacred associations of 
 our tiny bit of " Holy Land," the beautiful park on the Point, with its 
 fountain and statuary ar.d rustic seats, the grand old forest-trees, the 
 lovely lake, the songs of the multitudes, the inspiring lectures and ser- 
 mons, the instructive class-exercises, and the sweet fraternal fellowships, 
 — all these, and a hosf of unmentioned delights besides, made the days 
 pass so swiftly and so sweetly by that we could scarcely credit the old 
 almanac when the final Tuesday dawned upon us. 
 
 Successful as the Assembly was, it is understood to have been but a 
 tentative movement, and one could not expect the thoroughness of or 
 ganization and work which we trust to realize in some future meeting of 
 the same general character. Its results satisfy us, and at the same time 
 quicken us to another and a better effort. We had too many lectures at 
 Chautauqua, and too little normal-class woik, and this because we feared 
 that the latter would fail if too strongly pressed. We are now certain 
 that two hours a day of actual drill will be acceptable to the majority of 
 our teachers, and that two popular lectures a day will be sufficient to 
 attract the masses. Besides the class-drills, much more time may be 
 spent in what we call the " practical sessions." 
 
 The conductors of all normal-class sessions should be prepared before- 
 hand for their work. This we have always i-cquired in local and tem- 
 porary institutes. At Chautauqua we at first depended upon the 
 Sunday-school leaders whose experience in the work rendered them 
 ready at a moment's notice for the management of a section. On the 
 first day of the second teim, we called a meeting in our tent of these 
 conductors, and spent two hours in arrangements for the remaining sec- 
 tional sessions. Every man knew his work for five days in advance. 
 Should another Assembly be held, we trust that the managers will pro- 
 vide leaders long before the meeting for these practical and normal sec- 
 tions. The " Bible-readings '' may be made more of at another Assembly. 
 "Praise-meetings" should be held daily. More emphasis should be 
 placed upon the conversations! method in the conduct of sectional or 
 
 i I 
 
264 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 ■ i 
 
 • i 
 
 department meetings. The " Vesper Service " was one of the most beau- 
 tiful and impressive features of tiie occasion. 
 
 The " Department of Entertainment," under the ingenious direction 
 of Dr. Wythe, deserves mention. Its contributions to the pleasures of 
 the Assembly cannot be too warmly commended. The day's labor was 
 lighter for the delights and recreations afforded by the genial doctor. The 
 fireworks and balloons and music, the " views " and panoramas, and 
 promenades, and Park of Palestine all helped in the heavier service of 
 normal-class and lecture hours. 
 
 The Park of Palestine was laid out on the grounds of the Sunday- 
 school Assembly, in order to provide a large map or model of the Holy 
 Land for the instruction of teachers and young people interested in 
 Bible history, and who desired to see the topography which gives to that 
 history such vividness and power. The model in stones and earth was 
 not, of course, a true representation of the geology, the fauna, or the 
 flora of the Holy Land. It is hoped that one of these days we shall 
 have such a complete reproduction, on a small scale, of all the character- 
 istics of Canaan, as shall render a visit to it second only to a vision of 
 the land itself. The Park of Palestine was an attempt to present the 
 general outline of the country, —the principal hills and valleys, the 
 water-courses, the cities, etc. In this particular the Park was accurate 
 and invaluable. One could get from it a general idea of the leading 
 features of the country. A distinguished geographer, who honored it 
 with a visit, remarked, "A study of this Park at Chautauqua, and Dr. 
 Perrine's 'Chromo of Palestine,' are almost equivalent to an actual tour 
 of the Holy Land." The Park of Palestine was the work of Dr. Wythe 
 of Meadville, Penn., chairman of the Department of Recreation, for the 
 Assembly. To him was committed the idea, and most admirably he 
 carried it out. Personal surveys, personal labor, prosecuted through 
 weeks of discouragement and not a little ridicule, were crowned with 
 most gratifying success. He brought to the work a thorough knowledge 
 of his subject, rare resources of device, invention, and a persistency 
 which nothing could discourage. 
 
 Palestine is but a small portion of the Bible world. Its superior ii.i- 
 portance, however, as the great centre of Bible history, justifies us in 
 giving it a prominent place in our studies. Were we to represent the 
 whole of Bible geography on the same scale as that adopted for the 
 Park of Palestine, we should cover an area seven thousand feet from 
 east to west and five thousand from north to south. We limited our- 
 selves, however, and on a plat of ground about seventy-five by one hun- 
 dred and twenty feet we presented the salient features of the sacred land, 
 
e of the most beau- 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 26s 
 
 became man and lived on our earth and d.Hf'" '"' '"^^ ^"""^ ^''^'> ^ho 
 
 The "Museum" was a succe s t ^5 ''"'• 
 
 practical helps. ''• ^' ""^^ "^^^ '" curiosities and in 
 
 tabernacle on the hilj. to p. ss " wriu!.? ^^""^.•"^^ P^^^^^^ entered the 
 were placed in the hands oHach co r""^'"^^'°"- ^^^ questions 
 dates dropped out befo fan hou aZT. ''""^^ °^ "°" -"^i" 
 two hours and a half, vvhi, so„ ; h^ger Td Tot T""' '°^ '"'^^^ ^^- 
 few nearly five hours. One hundred S . '"' '""^^ ^°"'-' ^"d a 
 
 submitted for examination We have no. tT'^ ""'''''' ''''' ^-^^y 
 these papers, but hope to do so before th / k"''' ''" '"^P^'^^'^" «' 
 out of our hands, 'a prize "il b awa dedTo 1 ,h'^ "^^"^"^^ " '^ 
 competitors,' and a diploma from our Normal Dent. '' """'' '''''''' 
 exammation papers will justify it. ThisTh ,. ^ k "' *° "" ^^"^« 
 movement which will spread over o„r T ! . begmnit.g of a new 
 
 in Bible study among our teachers '' '"^ '^''^'" " "^^^ '"^^^est 
 
 do not believe that there is arsuch ^T y"'''"'' ''''''''' ^e 
 Without the Spirit of God to iroir .M .'"'/ " ''" "°™^^ ^^^^k. 
 be vain. Having the Spiri ^^ 3.!,, h '""^ '''^''T '""^^" ^'■^"""g ^-" 
 ing well the Word of God Jt us no. / °"' ''°'^ '^^ ^^"^'^ ^^ ^»°w- 
 Perfection. lef. u« trust impUct^ "h^''' ^''""'"^ ' but, seeking it i„ 
 power of the Holy Ghost ^ ^''^ ''■^^"^^>' ^°^ ^^e life and 
 
 Advo"^"?p;^tr^^^;;^fir "The Western Christian 
 Chautauqua:-. ^ °^ ^''' ^''^^ competitive examination at 
 
 benches' cZs^ LrpZo!^l^\tT\T """' "'''"'"'""y ^"PP^^^^ ^'th 
 The ladies seemed to^rrLr; 2'rr^l:f' ^^T '''' ''^''''^'' 
 under fifteen, and one boy in his fourteSh "Jar fV' '"° '''''' 
 with paper and pencil and earh „.^ ""^^"^n year. Each was provided 
 
 air. There was'no ^^T^^^^Jr :"-' '"" ">""^''*' 
 
 three candidates receiving the honors 
 
 
 jLliiHl 
 
 
 and Rev. S. McGerald 
 
 were Rev. C. P. Hard, Mr. Caleb Sadler. 
 
266 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT 
 
 little on the outside of the tent, were Bishop Simpson and Dr. Eddy 
 who remained only a few moments, as the latter was compelled to take 
 the ten o'clock tram for New York. On the same side, and a little 
 nearer to us, were groups of visitors, mostly from the country adjacent, 
 who gazed in rap astonishment at the sight before them, not daring to 
 mqmre the meanmg of all this mute array of paper a,>d pencil. A Ihtle 
 to our left was a lawyer of large experience and almosl national fame 
 who had removed his hat. cravat, collar, coat, and cuffs ; just by his sTd 
 was a., ex-state-senator; and a little farther on was a'boy from ow^ 
 
 12l T'Tu ^^^ ^'' '^^'' " ^"^^" ^°""d '°g' -»d had gathered 
 together, for the better resting of his knees, a good-sized pile of dry 
 
 d! t ?h7T . '''' T ''"""'• '^' '^^"^ ^^"^--"S ^he normal coursi 
 durmg the last year; and we further discovered that he succeeded in 
 answermg accurately all except ten or twelve of the fifty questions, one 
 of the to hnn msolvable and incomprehensible ones being this. < What is 
 he relation of the church to the Sunday school > ' Nearly in f ont^of h 
 conductor were two veteran spectacled sisters, who at no 'time whispered 
 
 penal. Near these sat a mother and daughter from Evanston, 111., silent 
 and confident. Every now and then the knit brow would rekx, and the 
 
 ctuse h'n H ''".' "^'.^'^ '" "^ '""^ 'y^ ^h^-'^ ^^-^ -^^-y i . a h d 
 cau e had been achieved. On the outer row of seats we observed three 
 doc ors of divinity, a theological student, a president of an Ohio college 
 a gentleman connected with the internal revenue, and a lady principa 
 justed "^ ladies' seminary, all with their thinking-caps admirably ad- 
 
 " At the end of an hour and forty minutes, a New-York brother, who 
 had been specially active in sectional work, held up his hand in tok^n of 
 success, and his paper was passed up to Dr. Vincent. Shortly afterward 
 another made a similar signal; but nearly all occupied over three hours 
 
 It i,T^" 1?''' °""''^' '"^■■"'^ to seventy-five or eighty per cent." 
 Assembr'^i rf" V"'' T'' ' satisfactory report of that first 
 and a novel experience as well, to those accustomed to the old camp- 
 meeting, was this blending of instruction and recreation. Many uniq e 
 and charming pictures are recalled by the Chautauquans of 1874. We 
 
 sLrrd^i f n'n"' T'"""" '' ""'■ '^^" Lennep as an Eastern 
 shepherd in full Oriental costume, with his long shepherd's crook in 
 hand, a thousand people climbing upon the mountains eLt of the Jordan 
 to hear his lecture about "The Land and its People." There is a picture 
 too. of the little yacht with its burden of melod^ steaming out int'the' 
 
3n and Dr. Eddy, 
 compelled to take 
 side, and a little 
 : country adjacent, 
 em, not daring to 
 1 pencil. A little 
 3St national fame, 
 5 ; just by his side 
 1 boy from Iowa, 
 and had gathered 
 sized pile of dry 
 the normal course 
 he succeeded in 
 fty questions, one 
 ing this, ' What is 
 rly in front of the 
 time whispered 
 quent use of the 
 inston. 111., silent 
 lid relax, and the 
 victory in a hard 
 e observed three 
 an Ohio college, 
 a lady principal 
 )s admirably ad- 
 
 •rk brother, who 
 and in token of 
 hortly afterward 
 )ver three hours 
 ;hty per cent." 
 ort of that first 
 ce to so many; 
 > the old camp- 
 • Many unique 
 3 of 1874. We 
 as an Eastern 
 lerd's crook in 
 t of the Jordan 
 ere is a picture, 
 ig out into the 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 267 
 
 lake, amidst a blaze of fireworks Or, fi . 1 
 
 the itinerant Trio from Wyor^l', X t ^'J' ^'''^'''''' ^'^"^'"^ 
 Sumner, J. C. Lacock ; the " too'war'th^rr "^^ ^' ^-"^'^^^ J- ^^ 
 cornet, which always seemed to h^' ru • °''''^ ^°°^^'" ^'^h his 
 
 the Rev. John E. ^X^^ ^geTh^r^'i h r ^L^"' ^ T''^''^ 
 the time came, sang his Turkish sonJ In ^ '""'^'' ^^°' "''^«" 
 
 applause from the fhousands on the stre^°^^^^^ f '^ ^^^ by thunderous 
 display is memorable, wherCapt WhiM I . ^1"' '''^^' °^ Pyrotechnic 
 " Colonel Phillips," to d" wir a 7 " °'" ''' '''''^''' ^^e 
 
 mounted the dec'- of the iJlumin.Z^ ? ^ ^'"^^ company of singers 
 of Prof. T. C. O'Kane and R V F A T''' '"^' ""^" ''^^ ^^^dership 
 with music from the 'and ch ^-J"""'^^"^' ^^^'ghted the crowds 
 
 rockets, balloons, a;fd%Sote%reso1^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ -^ o.« 
 
 that recreation. Who will fonretth^ rin ™'^'^^- ^heie was rest in 
 
 that came flooding all t^owef parts o 'the /""' "^"""^ '''' ^^^^r 
 spondent said, "The Tordan ove li !■ u '"'^"•"P"^^"^ .^ As a corre- 
 flood." How' hearHli te Xt 't ' '"' '^'T ^ ^^^"'"^ 
 
 over! How soon the water LSLdlThl How soon the storm was 
 
 ory of the shower gives pleasure even t"^^ "-" '""' °"'' '""^ '^" """"" 
 at Chautauqua." '' ^^^^^"'^^ ^^^^ to this day. " It sometimes rains 
 
 1875. 
 
 A Je«h Tabernacle an !xTaZ3 "'^,^"''*'"™ had been rebuilt, 
 section of the Pyr mid "«" had h""' °' *'"'«'"'''•-<' => 
 direction of Dr. W W Wvthl 5' . 'i' ""'='' '""^" ">= skilful 
 
 Recreation. Instead Tf oTe bell ,hr"n"f "' ^' *= °=P"""'°' <" 
 
 01 Troy.N.Y. (a. that t me Lne 1* K^n,"- """''' '^'""P^"^ 
 bells. The Oriental H™,.! ""'' .*. Kraberly) gave us a peal of three 
 
 =dded to .h?a;;ro"T;h: lo^Tar Tcf n"°*r ^'™-'™' 
 
 ™nts of the programmes publ" ed'n adv „ ceTn ™The 0^?"""- 
 
 Assembly Bulletin " hpanHf,, II -n "' 'tuvance m The Chautauqua 
 is before me :-!' '""^ '^"'^^^^^^ ^"^ P^^^^. a copy of which 
 
 — Last year, one bell. 
 
 -This year, a chime of bells, musical bells. 
 
 Z vv ^^^' ^"^"'"^ concerts on the lake. 
 
 %h;/;:L7rpiac;iurbS;hre:sr''' '^ "'-'--^ »'"- "■= =^ciu„ 
 
 t 
 
 4: 
 
 (i ,: 
 
268 
 
 if 
 
 ii,i! 
 
 , i| 
 
 U: 
 
 f. ''1 
 
 ■1 
 
 i t 
 
 |; 
 
 T//E CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 nl.t7J n'T" ,' ' '^ '^^ ''^'" «^°""^« ^'" be sea. d, provided with 
 platforms, blackboards, maps, bell, tc. There are four of the.Ments 
 
 - Furniture to a certain extent may be rented on :,e crr-und but ner^nn. 
 commg to the Assembly should provide themselves wn h tole^ fill's Z 
 napkm, etc. Do not forget a good, warm woollen shav ,. Evea' i^ Summ"' 
 . isson,ct,mes cool fourteen hundred feet atove the Atlantic. BesteT 
 
 Ura^rirgaT'^^""^'^"^ 
 
 discuss the . ,pics especially interesting to them T ey will ^e dlZll^ '° 
 discuss pri„c,Mes, illustrate methods, exhibit .. .liances etc '' 
 
 - The Dnll Sessions are those in which al. grades of the worker, m^.f 
 m classes for drills in the Normal-Class themes f BibleL- 'ory "toloh 
 
 thTo hY f "''' f '"""' ^"^^^ ^ *'^«"-"^ -''- from ou main w'kn 
 
 1. Thetext-bookof the Sunday school, its divine origrmi'sL and i ^ 
 cation and division of its several books etc. .. The tru^ Xo v 'f tht f ^^^^^ 
 school, as to its place, purpose, and relations, etc 3 ThHLcher^^^^^^^^ 
 teachmg work in Sunday school; the teacher's 'office, ifs pice anfplerfetc: 
 
 The promise in 1875 of a chime of bells was not realized until 188; 
 The^great organ was erected by George H. Ryder of Boston, and dedicated 
 
 In addition to the normal work, classes in map-drawing blackboard 
 
 tTlT,'T'^r-'''^'r''' --^^^^^^ direction';f'ltf'e 
 S M Van D D tt '" It '"'' '''' "''''' ''^^"^^ by the Rev. 
 ? ut' ; u ' """"b^" °^ '■^g"^^'" attendants being about fortv 
 
 eigh o whom were ladies. The kindergarten scheme was exited ad 
 Hlustrated m a series of admirable lessons by Madam LTege of n- 
 York. Instruction in Sunday-school singing was civen bv Dr fk 
 Tourjde, Prof. P. P. Bliss, and Prof. W. F. S^hefw" " The Ten'ne^seean;" 
 
 ..yS^^LS.,^:^- 
 
 tions upon the screen, and gave several scientific lectures. Mr. George 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEAfENT. 269 
 
 A. Ford gave eighteen talks on the model of Terusalem Mr A r. v 
 r-mnepgave sixteen lectures on Talestme Park OH ri. " 
 
 never! )rget the OrientiH«f ac k '^'^"'"y ^rk. Old Chair au-jiians will 
 
 accomplished at the AssembTvosTc Ta- ■ ' ""^'"^ ^"^"^ ^^« 
 
 lectures on the I'ark of P^ii^, ^K ''•'^"'°" '° ''^^ "^^''^^^ l^««on«. 
 
 fifty normal-c la stsl,fs fivrnra ""''^ °' ■^""^'^'"' ^^^ -^°"«d 
 
 day-school addres^T Iven lecL r:n"n;r%r"'^'"° «^"^"' ^""■ 
 mons, three children's meetiLrfi! '"'^^'^'•^"eous topics, four ser- 
 
 Prayer-meeting, t^^teTc e stn e^^rtlTSr' ^r^^"^°'^^' ^^^^'" 
 
 lustrated lectures on Or\^..J . blackboard meetings, three 
 
 two lake concerL ' '"''°'"^' *^^^^^ stereopticon exhibitions. 
 
 to.';3of^rm:dtot:irr:tnrt^^^^^^^ -^^^ — ^--^on; 
 
 examination; no paoers Ir. t . V u^' ^ ''"^""'^ ^"^"^^^ the 
 required, .d thus 1^/1 '"' °^ ^'^'^'^ '^^ ^"^^"^^ ^he standard 
 
 Chautau^u No LM Zr ^w\ """'' " "^"'"^ ^^ '«7S of the 
 Otis F Presbrev hi ' '^ organization was effected this year 
 
 YoifMrrw^^E^Kr^^^^^ ^- Ostrander of 'n::; 
 
 Plainfield. N.J., ./. JwL! Tnd R^v-'flTo'd '^'^f ' ,^^^-' °^ 
 O., j^r;^<fA,ry. J- ^- Worden of Steubenville, 
 
 bv Miss ^^',:^^:^zr::^^:;:^^^ tk' •'" 
 
 by Miss Lucy J. Rider nispenng to the Trees," with music 
 
 service was used. Prof W F «K«. • , "^ "^"^^ vesper- 
 
 Howard o£ New Yorfp.^el.L ™"erAdr ''' """"" '"■ ^^ ''■ 
 President Lewis Miller Dr P„.! """■ '^''•''^ses were delivered by 
 
 der Hod,e (.hen^'l'lleX t-O 'trsst^T^^L "■ ^'"T 
 
 rV J^VoTf/lnr^Ed ^•""""' °' *-"-'h cl:^ ; 
 Nichols of Ohio Rev HM P "f "'"" °' ^^^y^ Mr. C. M, 
 
 of Philadelphia D^ WW Wv^D VZ'Z' ^'^ ''''"'" '^-^°""' 
 Phia. The music on the ij/ ' , ^^ "■ ""'"'"'• """ °f PhiUdel. 
 
 .-.h.., and .;rB:ii*:.:;^: -Ltrrri::*j:xL^^^ '' -' 
 
 The normal workers for the season of rS,. o l 
 
 Rev. , S. Ostrander. Rev. R. S. Grrne^Rfv^rTHS; ^;Srd 
 
 ill 
 
 ii! M 
 
 fr 
 
 

 IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-S) 
 
 
 </ 
 
 k 
 
 ^4i 
 
 
 %^ 
 
 
 
 1.0 
 
 I.I 
 
 la 121 
 
 ^ U£ 12.0 
 
 IL25 i 1.4 
 
 2,5 
 2.2 
 
 18 
 
 1.6 
 
 Photographic 
 
 Sciences 
 
 Corporation 
 
 23 WEST MAIN STREET 
 
 WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 
 
 (716) 872-4S03 
 

 ^ 
 
 s 
 
If ^'' 
 
 270 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT 
 
 Morns, Dr. W. A. Niles, Rev. G. A. Peltz, Dr. S. M Vail T R T„i. 
 Esq.. George H. Babcock, Esq. ' ^' ^' ^y'*""' 
 
 Lectures and addressej were delivered bv Dr va^^^a v ^ . 
 
 rl u \ c ^^"'^^ °* "^^'"^ ' " ^'' H- M. Parsons, " The Whole 
 Church m the Sunday School ; " Rev. Alfred Taylor, "The Child and hi 
 
 SunTT^' ^\'J- ^^""'* ^y'^^' "Church Training and Wort t 
 Sunaay School;" Dr. J. M. Freeman, "Country Schools; " Dr Warred 
 
 .^T"het '7'%';!'""^*'°"^' ^^^^°" System;" Dr. W. W. wX 
 of Pro7T ?' '''r "i' f ' ^^--P*-- "lustrations in the hrnds 
 JJ^fJ'Jt^^' ^'- J- ^- ^*^d^"' "The Press and the Sundav 
 P oS ' f \E-"y «-t-gton Miller, "A Parish in Fafrhaven " 
 
 Ful on "T^'r ""'u' "'''*'' S*"^'^^ '" Character;" Dr JusJri 
 Fulton. "The Force that Wins;" Dr. Theodore L. Cuyer." Some Talks 
 I have had with Great Men ; " Rev. T. L. Flood. " Tempe ance - Dr T 
 W Axms^rong of Fredonia Normal College. "Processes of Nature ;'' 
 D W. H. Perrme. "Christian Art;" Dr. T. M Reid "Th^ Q. ! 
 School and the Missionary Cause ; " Miss FraLs E wluard « TempeT 
 ance;" Dr. R. M. Hatfield. "The Perils of our Youth- "Rev T S O " 
 
 Ss?L;?et*Mf "^^frr'" ^^- '• ^- ^^^:"^^ol^r 
 
 MISS Wattle N. Morns, "Character-buildinc-" Dr William r? v 
 
 hU y^o, Nature,-. Dr. Lhr'NeJ. '^IS^^^^jT^t: ^t 
 sT" strr '" ^•'°^-^°' Teaching;" Dr. e3 ourjIM': 
 
 d J U ToJ^r^H '™' "V""' ""'°" °"*75 was a vto fron, Pr«i. 
 
 Miller Hon. W. L. Sesswns, Judge Lakin, and Alonzo Kent Eso 
 When the President was presented by the Superintendent of tatrncUon 
 to the .mmen*: audtenc. in the auditorium, the enthusiasm surp«sed ^y 
 
ivr. 
 
 Van Lennep, S. 
 
 Miss Hattie N. 
 
 ^ail, J. B. Tyler, 
 
 ward Eggleston, 
 "Socrates;" Dr. 
 ns,"The Whole 
 he Child and his 
 g and Work in 
 > ; " Dr. Warren 
 W. W. Wythe, 
 ns in the hands 
 nd the Sunday 
 in Fairhavenj" 
 ' Dr. Justin D. 
 sr, "Some Talks 
 erance;" Dr. J. 
 5s of Nature;" 
 
 "The Sunday 
 Hard, "Temper- 
 ' Rev. J. S. Os- 
 ' Questioning;" 
 liam E. Knox, 
 "John Knox;" 
 L. Niles, " The 
 3l Teacher and 
 hia, "The Ele- 
 Tourj^e, "Mu- 
 )n. Dr. Richard 
 
 Fowler. The 
 lance of 2,997; 
 
 isit from Presi- 
 icompanied by 
 f Connecticut. 
 2sq., of James- 
 yacht "Josie 
 )od, President 
 Kent, Esq. 
 of Instruction 
 surpassed any 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 271 
 
 " Like the surge of hidden waters, 
 Like a wordless song, 
 Deep and strong the breath of welcome 
 Stirs the waiting throng. 
 
 " Chorus. - Heart and voice, awake to greet him 
 Who our hosts has led I 
 Let the true heart of the nation 
 Greet the nation's head I 
 
 " Earnest hearts that love and labor, 
 Christian hearts that pray. 
 Builders of the nation's future. 
 Greet our chief to-day 1 
 
 « Not in royal garments stand we, 
 Not in jewels rare ; 
 
 But the children of the nation, 
 * These cur jewels are.' 
 
 "Greet him 1 Let the ah- around him 
 Benedictions bear ; 
 Let the hearts of all the people 
 Circle him with prayer." 
 
 Addresses were then delivered by Dr Fowler Mn« oi- 
 in the morning by Dr C F DeeJl f t • ^ °^ ^^'^ "^•""^'^ 
 
 1876. 
 aI^L ^,^"*''"^"^ movement this season introduced some new features 
 f^noi;;:^""^""""^"*' ^'^ '^^ "^--*^ Class Bulletin'' w^the 
 
Pfffp* 
 
 272 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 l!i 
 
 — Chautauqua in 1876, of course. 
 
 ~ Chautauqua would be a good substitute for the Centennial 
 
 bee7bum. "^"^ '''""'" °" '^^ ''^' '"'"' ''''" '■''^"'^' '"^ °"« "«^ °"« has 
 
 Phir^^f v*'"*^"^ """^ ?u' ""''""'"' ''''^*^^"°" ^" •*^«'^- Let all who go to 
 llt^hXTu a" ''^""""^- "" ^" ^^° --^* «^ ^° ^^"^^^'Ph'^. 
 
 1 Tu^*^^ f^"''. ^''^ '^^'^^'■"a'^'^' the model of Palestine, the model of Jerusa- 
 em the Orientals the fountain, the statuary, the Oriental House, the museum 
 he Pyramid the boats the bathing, the music, the normal-class lessons, the 
 re-umons, the delightful prayer-meetings, the alumni association, the vesper 
 services, the cornet, the piano, ihe songsters of the South, the great praise- 
 TnH l^p th; n'ght<oncert3 on the lake, the bells at ten and the bells at six, 
 and the RAIN, - who would not be a Chautauquan ? 
 
 f ~"J^^ Chautauqua Assembly Herald" will be published at Fair Point 
 from Wednesday morning, July 26, to Friday morning, Aug. ,8 Sundavs 
 excepted It will be a thirty-two-column paper, folio, f^d will c nfaif ful 
 stenographic reports of lectures, sermons, and speeches, a column of persona 
 Items, local news, and able editorials on Sunday-school and church work. 
 
 , ll"" Z"'^ ^°J *^' '^""^-'"''" ^* Chartauqua was divided into four parts • 
 I. J heSaeniiJic Conference for all Bible students interested in the present 
 state of natural science, and its relations to the Bible ; beginning Wednes- 
 day morning. July 36, and lasting for three days. 2. The Chautauqua 
 Temperance ConvenHon, for two days. July 29 and 30. 3. The Sunday, 
 school Assembly, Aug. 1-15. 4. The Church Congress, Aug. 16-18 
 
 At the Scientific Congress, lectures were delivered by Rev. Dr. Tames 
 M Buckley, on "The Circle of the Sciences;" Dr. E. O. Haven/cha" 
 
 n^Sp rft-r RTr*''7'' ^'^'*"" °' ''^^"'^^ S"^"- '- Mind 
 and Effect's " ?„^- ^«^^" ^°;^!"'^« ^^ ^^w York. "Heat, its Sources 
 and Effects "Heat converted into Light." "Heat and Electricity" 
 
 "tI w . "'T°u' t ^°'^''*'' University. "The Physical Forces'," 
 The Wonders of the Sun; » Dr. E. F. Burr of Lyme. Conn., "Celestial 
 Magnitudes;" Dr. Alexander Wincliell, " Rocks." " The Geotla 
 Structure of Chautauqua Lake." "Words in the Rocks ;'' Dr A a 
 Hodge. " Bible Miracles and Modern Science ; " Dr. L. T. Townsend of 
 
 utnlL bTSh""'? i '""^^'^ '^^^^^^^^^^^^ and thrBearing 
 upon the Bib e Idea of Heaven." Professor Doremus's lectures were 
 niost brilliantly illustrated. Scientific conversazioni were held on the 
 B°br"^.T?"'r "''"'"'' D-crepancies between Science and the 
 "Th/T...M!, 7T/"'m. °^ ^'^'""'^^ *° the Religious Thinker;" 
 The Best Methods of familiarizing the People with Scientific Subjects." 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 273 
 
 tional," the third "chfmcZ™?^' f T™" 8"l''ei<:al and evolu- 
 
 do not have room ff t^m 'Sciemific c 't"'"^'" ' ™ '"'^ ' 
 successful. scienulic Conference was in every wav 
 
 -^^^^^^^t-^^^-:^ Address, 
 
 about Alcohol," by Dr. H. W War en H S f'' "°' ^P'"^°"^' 
 ': Methods of Work;" by Rev ^0^', r ^ '' ^"^'^ ^°^'"*"' ^'^ 
 the Cause- Miss Frances EWmaTd ^t2\?'^'''\^'^'''' °^ 
 conferences were held, in which the folL- ^^°'' "'* P""*^*'^^! 
 
 Dr. G. B. Jocelyn of Michigan Mr TN St "^ ''T^/ P^'-^^^P^t^d = Rev. 
 Stewart of Ohio. Mi^s F.Tw^ ,a!d „f , ' °^.^'^ ''^^^^ 
 
 New York. Mrs. ^..sions.^Mr^D wl r's ^ b""' n°^T °^ 
 Strong, and the Superintendent of InsTruc^ion A..!' ' ^'' ^^'""^^ 
 
 by Rev. Dr. Jocelyn. on Isa. xxviii u ro Th" A TT """' P'""""^^'* 
 of jubilee singers was in attendlnce ' ^' '^^''^^-Carolinian " band 
 
 w.^F.%rwin^rp^r :Vd^h^ ^^^"^"^' ^"^- ^- ^-^«- 
 
 1874 was used. Brief adLst ! 5 , ''"^'"^- ^he vesper-service of 
 
 of Philadelphia; Drorp^r^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^-^olph 
 
 Townsend of Iowa who snotrf ?u . ^'^'"^'°"' ^-C- Prof. A. F. 
 T. L. Flood of Ja.^;^!^;^^^^^^^^^^^ at C,ear Lake; Rev. 
 
 Rev. H. M. Sanders of Y^nkers N V J^^^^.^^^^ Assembly Herald;" 
 
 Sunday-School Ti.es." ^:i2^^Zr^''^t ^Jr^' °^ "^^^ 
 short speech in Arabic anH r.:r.X • il . ' ^^" Lennep made a 
 can of London, Eng ;X of ^^^^^^^^^ '^ -^ Mr. W. Aver Dun- 
 
 were also delivered Ly'^Sr W ^ K„of n t °""^ ^'"^"'=^- Addresses 
 Professor Sherv.n. Rev Dr B^^ h'w w^'"'" ''^^°"' ^^^"'^ ^eard. 
 
 The " SuperinteVden of Instruction^' "^' ^'' ""' ^^ ^'^^h^^^' 
 
 by Rev. J. A. Worden Rev L H-r/\"'!^' '" ^'^ "°™^' --^ 
 Ostrander. Dr. Lyman Abbo« Dr S M Va', P ^' ^'^ ^^""^P' J' «• 
 Dr. Knox, Rev. S McGera H t Jf ' ^"^^ ^- ^- ^''eene, Mrs. 
 
 Rider. C. B. Stout DrHS ok''"' ^'"''■' ^""^ ^^^rd. Lucy J. 
 Walcott Calkins Each dlLef^^^^^^ °' ^fT"^ ^°"^^^' ^-•^^• 
 
 P-on. The.u,ectsr;^ir;^-r^--^^^ 
 
 iiiflj 
 
 
 I' 
 
 i» 
 
ir^m 
 
 274 
 
 T//£ CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 fj ii 
 
 ■''' ' 
 
 four public platform reviews conducted by the " Superintendent of Instruc- 
 tion," when the outlines of the whole work were passed over once more. 
 Monday afternoon, Aug. 7, at a normal-class conversazione held in the 
 pavilion, a committee of seven was appointed to consider the practica- 
 bility of preparing a "Chautarqua Normal Course of Study." This 
 committee met, and on Tuesday, Aug. 8, made a report recommending 
 the appointment of a committee of nine for the preparing of this list of 
 lessons. The report was adopted, and eleven persons appointed. For 
 the substance of their report, see pp. 57, 58 of this volume. On Friday, 
 Aug. II, the annual address was delivered before the Chautauqua 
 Alumni, by Rev. Dr. O. H. Tiffany. On Monday, Aug. 14, ninety-eight 
 persons presented themselves for examination, eighty-four of whom passed 
 successfully, and received diplomas, and became members of the "Chau- 
 tauqua Alumni." 
 
 The children's meeting was inaugurated this season. The first meet- 
 ing was held on Wednesday morning, Aug. 2, Rev. J. S. Ostrander in 
 charge ; and addresses were delivered by Rev. J. L. Hurlbut, Rev. B. T. 
 Vincent, and others. Later on, the children's meeting (now called " The 
 Boys' and Girls' Class ") was placed in charge of the Rev. B. T. Vincent 
 and Frank Beard. 
 
 Lectures and addresses were delivered during the Assembly of '76 as 
 follows- Dr. W. E. Knox, "The Old-Testament Severities;" Dr. Warren 
 Randolph, " Hopeful Aspects of the Sunday-school Cause ; " Rev. Dr. 
 Lyman Abbott, " Biblical Interpretation ; " Dr. George P. Hays, " How 
 to Reason ; " Dr. R. M. Hargrove of Tennessee, " Childhood and the 
 Sunday-school Work; " Frank Beard, "Our School " {caricature lecture), 
 "The Beautiful," "The Use of the Blackboard;" Rev. J. S. Ostrander, 
 " Illustrations of Oriental Life ; " Rev. Dr. A. N. Cowles, " Primitive 
 Christians in Rome ; " Rev. Dr. G. . Woodruff, " Bright Days in For- 
 eign Lands ; " Rev. Alfred Taylor, ' Good Health for Sunday-school 
 Teachers ; " Rev. Dr. A. J. Baird of Tennessee, " Going Fishing with 
 Peter; " Rev. J. A. Worden, " What a Presbyterian thinks of John Wes- 
 ley ; " Professor William Wells, LL.D., " Bismarck and the Pope ; " Prof, 
 L. T. Townsend, " Paul's Cloak left at Troas ; " Dr. Richard Newton. 
 " The Sunday-school Teacher's Work, How. to do it ; " C. B. Stout, Esq.," 
 "Common-sense in Crayon;" Bishop J. T. Peck, "The Transcendental 
 in Theology; " Rev. Walcott Calkins, "The Fast Young Man; " M. C. 
 Hazard, Esq., "The Dynamics of Sunday-school Teaching;" Rev. 
 Thomas K. Beecher, " Thoughts for Advanced Sunday-school Workers ; " 
 Rev. Dr. W. A. Niles, "The Pastor and the Little Children;" Rev 
 Walter Condict, *' The Sabbath." 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 275 
 
 dul'frj J""^'!^^*''°"«' S.T.D., of Drew Theological Seminary, con- 
 Heb ew trr ^T r^'"^"* G-^"^' -d Dr. S. M. Vail a class in 
 Hebrew Mr. A O. Van Lennep gave peripatetic lectures on the Park 
 of Palestine; and Rev. S. McGerald. on the Model of Jerusalem. Two 
 or three impressive "eventide conferences" were held in the Pavilion 
 
 ProTV'ni^'°^'"'r^^°J..'^'''''°"°^ X876 contains the names of 
 Prof W. F. Sherwin. P. P. Bliss, the North Carolinians, the Wyoming 
 
 cabt?"" ""' ""t' "''^ -^trumental accompaniment. 'p"no! 
 cabinet-organs, cornet, and the Mayville Brass Band, in the a te^noor^ 
 
 field^;^d ^plirN^V^ ^^'■'°^'^' ^°"^^^^ -- ^-- 'y «^"«- ^^ West- 
 A unique exercise was a Specimen Sunday School held in the Audito- 
 rmm on Friday. Aug. 4. Lewis Miller as supermtendent. with a full co p" 
 of officers and teachers, and a regular working-session of a model schol 
 Ihe Centenmal of our American Independence was observed at 
 Chautauqua A centennial service was held on Saturday. Aug. 5. Bishop 
 Simpson who had consented to deliver the oration. L unable on a' 
 count of Illness o be present; and addresses were delivered by Dr • 
 
 L Dr A ^B /77'r;f ' ""■• J^"^^ ^'^^^ °^ Toronto. Ont.; 
 Rev. Dr. A. J. Baird of Nashville, Tenn.; Mr. W. Aver Duncan of Lon 
 
 don, England; and Dr. W. E. Knox of Elmira. N.Y. A "ChUdren's 
 
 Centennial" meeting was held in the afternoon of the same day whh 
 
 addresses by Dr. J. L. Hurlbut and Mr. Frank Beard. In he even^nran 
 
 impressive Bible-service, " The Voice of the Sea," was conducted on the 
 
 shore of the lake by Prof. W. F. Sherwin. after ;hich the No h Car^' 
 
 S "Tve'ssTt^' °' ^'T""^^- ^^'^ '" ^^^ ^-"-^' - " ■""-f-t d 
 
 on Lf J , • \' '"^ ''"'"' ^''""'^'"^ ^'^h lanterns, n, .ved about 
 on the lake, closing the entertainment with a grand displa^ of fireworks 
 which appropriately completed the exercises of "Centennial Day" A 
 centennial service was also held on Saturday, Aug. 12, when an addresl 
 was delivered on " The Century," by Dr. O. H. TFffar^ . A " Centenn a 
 Tree-planting "was observed with appropriate ceremonies on the same 
 
 Sermons were preached during the Assembly by the Rev. Dr. H M 
 Sanders of Yonkers, N.Y.; Dr. A. J. Baird of Nashville, Tenn.T Dr 
 George P. Hays of Washington. Penn.; Dr. Hargrove of Nashville D .' 
 
 H. Payne and the Rev. Dr. Walcott Calkins of Buffalo 
 
 A u. °^^ "^"''* "°"'^'" ''"°^" ^""^ y^ars as "The Ark" ("Knower's 
 Ark," as Frank Beard called it), for the accommodation of d stiSh d 
 guests, was opened in 1876. One is not able to tell all the Zes of 
 misery, mirth, and music, which are associated with " TAe Ark^ It was 
 
 Pint' 
 
 j 
 
 Pi: 
 
 liliil. 
 
 Iter 
 
276 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 •■ \\ 
 
 removed a year or two ago, to another part of the grounds. Many old 
 Chautauquans still cling to it in spite of its rustic character and insuffi- 
 cient accommodations. 
 
 The Sunday school on Aug. 6 reported a grand total of 1,549; and 
 Sunday, Aug. 13, of 1,403. 
 
 The farewell meeting was held on Tuesday, Aug. 15, at eight o'clock. 
 Addresses were delivered by Lewis Miller and Dr. Wythe. Prof. P. P. 
 Bliss sang a song; and the Superintendent of Instruction, after a few 
 remarks, announced the close of the Third Annual Sunday-school Assem- 
 bly. 
 
 The Church Congress opened on Tuesday evening, Aug. 15, with a 
 service of praise and prayer conducted by Prof. P. P. Bliss, and a sermon 
 by Rev. Dr. C. N. Sims on "The Vicarious Sacrifice of Christ." On 
 Wednesday morning an address was delivered by the Superintendent of 
 Instruction, on " The Place for the Book." A conference on " The Laity 
 and Church Activities " was held at 2 p.m. ; and at 3 p.m. Dr. T. De Witt 
 Talmage of Brooklyn gave a lecture On " People we meet." Dr. Sims 
 lectured in the evening, on " Church Leadership." On Thursday morn- 
 ing, Aug. 17, a conference of church-workers was held by Rev. Dr. D. P. 
 Kidder, on " The Pastor's Work." Bishop R. S. Foster spoke at eleven 
 o'clock on "The Elements of Power in Church and Pulpit." At the 
 close of the Bishop's address. Dr. Talmage gave a brief address on " How 
 to Start Preaching." At 2 p.m. Dr. Payne lectured on " How to secure a 
 Revival.'* At 4 p.m. Rev. George A. Hall delivered an address on the 
 Young Men's Christian Association. He was followed with remarks by 
 Mr. Cree and Dr. Presbrey. At 7 p.m. the Assembly Chapel, built for the 
 use of the residents upon the grounds, was dedicated with appropriate 
 services. Bishop Foster preaching in the evening from Isa. ix. 6. 
 
 On Friday morn'ng at eight o'clock Prof. W. C. Wilkinson delivered 
 a lecture on " Maxims for Pulpit and Pew." A discussion followed, par- 
 ticipated in by Bishop Foster, T. P. Warner, Dr. O. F. Presbrey, and 
 others. The doxology was sung, and Bishop Foster pronounced the 
 benediction. 
 
 The Chautauqua Song of 1876, " Arise and Shine," beginning, " Lift 
 up, lift up thy voice with singing," was written by Miss Mary A. Lath- 
 bury, and the music by P. P. Bliss. 
 
 1877. 
 
 During this year the name "Fair Point" was transformed to "Chau- 
 tauqua." There were two or three reasons for this change. Many letters 
 addressed to "Fair Point" went to "Fairport," another post-office in 
 
i\ of 1,549; and 
 
 T//E CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 277 
 
 New- York State. The Managers of the Assembly thought it but iust 
 hat the movement which had done so n.uch towards giving C autau^ua 
 Lake and the word "Chautauqua" a world-wide repufation should have 
 the honor and advantage of the name itself. The use of the word in the 
 advertismg of other centres on the lake made it a business necessity that 
 the Assembly should retain and emphasize what was practically tsUiti 
 mate trade-mark. Application was therefore made to the Unit d-S at s 
 authoru.es to call our place simply "Chautauqua." The request was 
 promptly granted ; and since that time the site of the Assembly'Sas blen 
 called, and will for all time be called, " Chautauqua » 
 
 The meetings for 1877 covered twenty days. -Aug. 4-21 The nrn 
 gramme was distributed into seven departments: z. Ihe cL j/ 7^! 
 form discussmg m lectures and conferences the work of the Societies for 
 the Suppression of Vice, Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. Prevention 
 of Cruelty to Children. Prison Reform, and Temperance. 2. The CW 
 Congress, d^cussmg m lectures, sermons, and conferences the work ofThe 
 
 Hfbt?b rs M V ', """'.' ''"^^""^^ ''' ^^- J^'"- Strong and I 
 Hebrew.by Dr S. M.Vail ; conferences, class-drills, Bible-readings, lectures 
 
 slso?"4'^^ L^^rtVr1^>^^^ '^'' °^ ^^^ P-gramL fHis 
 season. 4. Sabbath school Work, nicluding catechetical drills, conversa- 
 
 .ons, lectures, children's meetings, with conferences on home and primary 
 
 ctrtr tt'- ^"t"' "^"^'^ "'^''^^ ^" ^^77 was of the most thorough 
 character. Every subject of study was opened in a preparatory treatment 
 by he Supermtendent of Instruction; after that came the catecheTica 
 .t'i' '\ u ^^'^^^^"■^^"ts, under wise instructors; followed by the third 
 stage, which was that of review, in which all the sections were united and 
 he knowledge of the students tested by questions upon the portion of 
 the course pursued. After this each instructor stated before all the classes 
 and his fellow-teachers his own methods of teaching, and then profit "; 
 the written criticisms of the normal members themselves. The fourth 
 step was that of the final review,, where the whole work was again exam 
 med, the student's attainments measured, and he thus prepared forTe 
 final exammation. Normal conductors' meetings were Lo held. 6 
 ScufUtfic with lectures and scientific conversazioni. 7. Recreative, includ^ 
 ;:ftfu; :td tSr"^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^-^^ programme desired to prove 
 Among the distinguished lecturers of the season were the following- 
 Mr. Anthony Comstock of New York, who lectured on the "Society"? 
 
 "ThfrcTrt ^"^"^^J"'' ^- ^- ^^""'^" ^' Washington. Dc! on 
 The Peculiar Christian Reformatory Forces." and on "The Far East;" 
 
 
 'i.ii: 1 
 
\wm 
 
 
 !1 
 
 f'i I 
 
 !^ i 
 
 f- !i^ 
 
 i ^1 
 
 i !' 
 
 278 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 Francis Murphy, on "Temperance;" Frank Beard, "Crayon Sketches 
 illustrating Reform ; " Rev. Dr W. W. Ramsey, " The Church and Tem- 
 perance;" Rev. Dr. H. W. Warren, "The Forces in a Sunbeam;" John 
 B. Gough, on " Eloquence and Orators ; " Rev. W. F. Crafts, on " Relish 
 for Bible-reading," " Methods of Bible Study," " Use of your Bible ; " 
 Rev. Joseph Cook, on " Certainties in Religion," " God in Natural Law," 
 " Ni;w-England Scepticism," " The Decline of Rationalism in the German 
 Universities;" Rev. J. S. Ostrander, "Oriental Illustrations;" Bishop 
 J. T. Peck, " Science and the Spirit World ; " James L. Hughes, Esq., of 
 Toronto, Ont, " True Object Teaching ; " Dr. George P. Hays, " Plain 
 Answers to Flippant Questions ; " Prof. R. N. Greene, of Ontario, deaf- 
 mute, in a pantomimic lecture ; Dr. Ira G. Bidwell, " The Conflict of 
 Ages ; " Dr. J. M. Buckley, " Studies in Human Nature," and " Imitation 
 and Emulation;" Dr. P. S. Henson, "Fools;" Rev. Dr. C. E. Felton, 
 " Palestine as seen through the Eyes of the Bible ; " A. O. Van Lennep, 
 " Bible Orientalisms ; " Mrs. G. R. Alden (" Pansy "), on " What not to 
 do," also " Thr e Sunday Schools ; " Philip Phillips, " Sunday-school 
 Music ; " Dr. R. Ogden Doremus, " The Spirits of the Air," " The Spirit 
 of Spirits," also " Divers Spirits ; " Frank Beard, " People who come 
 and Some who do not come to Chautauqua; " Dr. Lyman Abbott, " Why 
 I teach in the Sunday School ; " Dr. C. F. Deems, "The Bible and Modern 
 Science;" Dr. E. F. Burr, "Telescopes and the Wonders they tell;" 
 Prof. S. A. Lattimore, " The Microscope and its Uses," also " Electricity ; " 
 Prof. B. P. Bowne, " The Foundations : a Philosophical Lecture," also 
 "The Postulates of Scientific Knowledge;" Dr. W. W. Wythe, "Na- 
 ture's Mechanics ; " Professor Lacroix, " The Literature of Science ; " Dr. 
 A. T. Pierson, " Scientific Thinking." 
 
 In the normal work, the Superintendent of Instruction was assisted by 
 Mrs. Emily Huntington Miller, of Evanston, 111., who gave a number of 
 delightful papers on " The Relations of Home to Sunday-school Work ; " 
 and by Rev. W. F. Crafts and wife. In addition to the normal assistants 
 of other years. Rev. B. T. Vincent, Rev. Charles Rhoades, Rev. A. D. 
 Morton, Rev. J. B. Atchison, and James Hughes gave valuable help. 
 
 The " Chautauqua Salute " was introduced for the first time on the 
 occasion of the charming pantomimic lecture delivered at the old audi- 
 torium. The waving of white handkerchiefs by the people, in expression 
 to the deaf man of the high appreciation of his silent lecture, was remark- 
 able, brilliant, and effective. The " Chautauqua Salute " (the "blooming 
 of the white lilies ") has been given since then on special occasions, and, 
 by an unwritten law of the Assembly, only at the suggestion and under 
 the direction of the Superintendent of Instruction. 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 279 
 
 The children's meeting every morning, under the direction of Rev li 
 TJmcent and Frank Beard, was this season fully established, and the 
 Mmutes of the Children's Hour " published by the papyrogranh process 
 It was edited by both Mr. Vincent and Mr. Beard. 
 
 Two competitive examinations were held in August.-one Tuesday 
 Aug. 14 to accommodate persons who were not able to remain until the 
 close of the Assembly; the other on the morning of Tuesday. Aug. 2,. 
 Fifty persons presented themselves as candidates for the first examina- 
 tion, and about three hundred for the second 
 
 seaJo'n of T,' ' T "'f 7 '"''"^'^^ °' ^'^ ^'^^^ '" "«^'«* ^"""g »he 
 season of 1877. 1 en lectures were given on the Palestine Tark. A dailv 
 
 microscopical exhibition was given by Professor LatUmore and his culti^ 
 vated and am.able daughters Miss Rose and Miss Lida 
 
 ''The Assembly Daily Herald" continued to give reports of every 
 days proceedings. The speaker's stand had been raised and enlarged 
 arid moved forward some twenty feet. The calcium lights were placed 
 this year upon raised platforms, which greatly increased their effective- 
 ness. ^The pavilion was removed from the stumpy centre on the hill to 
 he natural amphitheatre south of the dining-hall and west of the great 
 tent (where the amphitheatre now stands). The bells were this year 
 moved from the dock to the hill between the Chapel and the Pavilion 
 Phinin^^T.' ^f^/";;^'-;?^ direction of Prof. W. F. Sherwin and Philip 
 
 concerts. The alumm banquet annual meeting was held on Thursday 
 evening. Aug. x6. On Friday evening. Aug. xo. was held a memoS 
 
 Dr T M fT7 V": :'''' °' Chautauqua." -Bishop E. S. Janes. 
 Dr. T. M. Eddy, Dr. G. B. Jocelyn, and P. P. Biiss and wife. The service 
 was very impressive. A song composed by Miss Lathbury beginning " O 
 
 las sunVn t-" "' •''' ""^" • " "^'"^ ""^'^ ^y P^°^- W. F. Ghefwin. 
 was sung on this occasion. 
 
 The season of 1877 gave us several ncv Chautauqua songs, words by 
 
 'When the d" \'"7' '"!? ""^''^ '^ ^^^'^ ^^ ^' S'^™"' - ^^"-s : 
 When the day is high and clear;" the Morning song of praise, begin- 
 ning. "Incense from dews of the morning;" Evening song of praise 
 beginning. ..Day is dying in the west;" Alumni ..«^. beginnin^^ "7^' 
 Seld ofiiie." ™""''^ '"""^ ' " ^'""^^ '""'" ^'^'""^"S. " Break Thou the 
 
 1878. 
 The Chautauqua meetings for 1878 opened on Saturday, Aug. 3, and 
 dosed on Thursday, Aug. 22. The principal events of this year ft Chau 
 tauqua were the dedication of the children's temple, and the organizatioa 
 
28o 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT 
 
 ,:»,, 
 
 { ;■ 
 
 of the "Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Circle." The children's 
 temple was dedicated on the opening day, with addresses by Dr. W. E. 
 Knox, Bishop R. S. Foster, Lewis Miller, Esq., Rev. Dr. Cooper, Rev. 
 B. T. Vincent, and Prof. W. F. Shcrwin. 
 
 The "C. L. S. C." was organized on Saturday, Aug. lo, at 10.30 A.M. 
 For a full account of this opening, see pp. 79-112, 
 
 On Saturday afternoon, Aug. 17, at four o'clock, St. Paul's Grove was 
 dedicated. The Superintendent of Instruction gave an address explaining 
 the design of the n-anagement in providing a grove for the "C. L. S. C." 
 He was followed by Gov. Colquitt. Bishop Foster delivered the dedi- 
 catory prayer, and a dedicatory hymn written by Dr. Hyde was sung by 
 Professo: Sherwln and his choir. 
 
 This was " the year of the telescopes " at Chautauqua. One instru- 
 ment was gener'^usly loaned by Mount Union College, r d superintended 
 by Professor C.ark of that institution. A smaller instrument was used by 
 Mr. White of Castile, N.Y. The Department of Microscopy was also 
 held under the direction of the Misses Lattimore. 
 
 The following were the principal speakers of 1878 : Hon. Horace 
 Bemis, on "Temperance;" Dr. R. M. Hatfield; Prof. William Mason 
 Evans; Dr. J. M. Reid, on "Missionary Work;" Rev. R. B. Hull, 
 on " The Minister in the Pulpit ; " Rev, R. G. Seymour, " A Week of 
 Work in my Church ; " Bishop R, S, Foster, on " The Minister in his 
 Study," and "Beyond the Grave;" Rev, Dr. Alfred Wheeler, "Religion 
 and Politics ; " Dr, C, H. Fowler, " The Bible the Prophet of Science ; " 
 Rev. J. S. Ostrander, " Bible Manners and Customs illustrated;" Dr. Ira 
 G. Bidwell, " Studies among the Shadows and Sources of English Litera- 
 ture;" Frank Beard, "A Chalk Talk," "The Telephone, Phonograph, 
 and Some Other Things ; " Dr, J. F, Hurst, " How England became a 
 Protestant Nation;" Dr. John Lord, "Queen Elizabeth," "Cromwell," 
 " Burke ; " Rev. Joseph Cook, " Lost Souls under Natural Law," " Saved 
 Souls under Natural Law;" Rev. J. G. Townsend, "John Milton;" 
 Rev. Alfred Taylor, "Oddest People;" Dr. H. W. Warren, "The 
 Heavens Visible at Chautauqua," " The Significance of the Universe , " 
 Rev. C. W. Gushing, " The World without the Bible ; " Professor William 
 North Rice, " The Conflict of Science and Religion ; " Dr. L. H. Bugbee, 
 " The Intuitive in Christianity ; " Dr. T. DeWitt Talmage, " Big Blun- 
 ders ; " Dr. C. F. Deems, "The Superstitions of Science." 
 
 There were four Reform Councils; four Church Colloquies; four 
 " C. L. S. C." Students' Sessions (devoted to English history) ; six 
 lectures on English history; four "C. L. S. C." astronomical lessons 
 conducted by Dr. H. W. Warren, on " Measurements of Celestial Move- 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 281 
 
 10, at 10.30 A.M. 
 
 rncnts,"«'The Sun," "Our Neighbors the Plane cs," and "The Universe 
 Heyond. , 
 
 On Tuesday, Aug. 6, the interesting meeting reported on pp. 26, 27, was 
 held in the Temple, when Baptist, Congregational, Methodist-Episcopal, 
 and Presbyterian brethren reported the distinctive organization, doctrine, 
 and customs of their respective churches. Prof. B. P. Bowne conducted 
 scientific conversazioni on the "Relation of Ethics to Atheism, or. Is 
 there Morality without God.'" "Relation of the Doctrine of Efficient 
 Causes to Belief in Purpose ; " " Present Aspects of Materialism." Miss 
 Rosa Lattimore conducted a scientific conversazione on "An Hour with 
 the Microscope;" Dr. Strong, another hour on "How to promote the 
 •Popular Study of Science." There were this year several superior con- 
 certs under the direction of Prof. C. C. Case and Prof. W. F. Sherwin 
 assisted by Miss Belle McClintock of Meadville, Penn.; ocutionary 
 readings by Professor Lowell Mason ; lectures o^ the Park of Palestine 
 and the Model of Jerusalem; platform-meetings especially devoted to 
 Sunday-school work ; vesper services, even-songs, Sunday-school sessions : 
 sermons by Dr. W. E. Knox, Dr. R. M. Hatfield, Dr. A. N. Craft, and 
 Dr. Ira G. Bidwell; a question-drawer lecture by Rev. Joseph Cook- the 
 pilgrimage of the children through Palestine, under the direction of Mr 
 McGerald; the alumni re-union and annual illuminated fleet; and enter- 
 talnments in magic by Professor Coville. 
 
 One of the most important events of the seaaon was the visit of a 
 distinguished guest, -Gov. A. H. Colquitt of Georgia, President of the 
 International Sunday-school Convention. There was a public reception 
 given him on Thursday, Aug. 15. 
 
 On Thursday, Aug. 22, the closing day, there was a brilliant Chautauqua 
 Procession, a custom observed for several years. 
 
 Our excellent Dr. W. W. Wythe was absent ihis year for the first time 
 since the organization of Chautauqua. 
 
 In the Normal Department there was a special examination on the 
 morning of Aug. 14, when twenty persons presented themselves as candi- 
 dates. The regular examination took place on Wednesday, Aug. 21, more 
 than one hundred and forty persons passing the examination, and becoming 
 members of the Chautauqua Normal Alumni Association. 
 
 
 IWi 
 
 1879. 
 
 1879 was an eventful year at Chautauqua It was the first year of the 
 Chautauqua Normal School of Languages, which opened July 17, and 
 closed Aug. 28; the Chautauqua Teachers' Retreat, holding from Tuly 17 
 
 31 
 
282 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 !. I 
 
 I J 
 
 to Aug. I ; the Chautauqua Foreign Missionary Institute, from Aug. 2 
 to Aug. 5 ; the Sixth Annual Sunday-school Assembly, from Aug. 5 to 
 Aug. 21. 
 
 This year the great Amphitheatre, and also the Hall of Philosophy, 
 were dedicated. In every respect the programme was richer and stronger 
 than ever before. It is impossible from this time forward to give a com- 
 plete list of the lecturers and their lectures during the entire Chautauqua 
 season; and a full programme of Chautauqua meetings would itself 
 require a large volume. 
 
 Among our distinguished lecturers were Bishop Harris, Bishop Simp- 
 son. Rev. W. O. Simpson of England, Dr. R. L. Dashiell, Dr. N. G. 
 Clark, Dr. H. W. Warren, Rev. Dr. Peddie, Dr. j. M. Buckley, Frank* 
 Beard, Dr. Daniel Curry, Prof. J. W. Churchill, Dr. James Strong, Dr. 
 C. H. Fowler, Joseph Cook, Bishop Foster, Dr. John Lord, Dr. J. P 
 Newman, Hon. J. W. Wendling, Dr. C. H. Payne, Dr. J. T. Cooper, 
 Prof. B. P. Bowne, Dr. Archibald Alexander Hodge, Dr. George Dana 
 Boardman, Dr. G. D. B. Pepper, Dr. E. O. Haven. 
 
 The Chautauqua Normal Scheme embraced lessons on the Text-Book, 
 its contents, its study, the school of the Book, the teachers of the Book, 
 and special stud j in the Book, together with afternoon lessons in Bible 
 geography. The music was under the direcdon of Prof. C. C. Case and 
 Prof. W. F. Sherwin. Round-tables were held in the Hall of Philosophy, 
 for conversation on the work of the C. L. S. C, for criticisms, and for 
 students' sessions. The anniversary of the C. L. S. C. and of the dedi- 
 cation of St. Paul's Grove, and the usual alumni re-union, were held. 
 Denominational congresses were held on Wednesday and Thursday, Aug. 
 13 and 14. The following denominations were represented: Bapti^i, 
 Ccigregational, Lutheran, Methodist-Episcopal, Presbyterian, Protestant- 
 Ei- opal, United Presbyterian. 
 
 A the philosophical and theological lectures, at eight o'clock every 
 morning, ministers of the following denominations were present : Baptist, 
 Free-Will Baptist, Congregational, Methodist-Episcopal, Presbyterian, 
 Protestant-Episcopal, Disciple, Evangelical Association, United Presby- 
 terian, Friends, Wesleyan Methodist, MetRodist-Episcopal South, United 
 Brethren, Methodist Protestant, Christian, Reformed. 
 
 About one hundred persons entered the competitive examinations of 
 the children's class, about twenty-five the intermediate, and about one 
 hundred and seventy-five the regular normal. 
 
 The Misses Lattimore conducted classes in microscopy ; and Mrs. E. 
 Seymour of New York, the Primary Department. Miss Parloa gave 
 lessons in cookery. 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT 
 
 283 
 
 1880. 
 
 Fifty acres were this year added to the grounds of Chautauqua, mak- 
 ing in all between one hundred and thirty and one hundred and forty 
 acres. The new hotel was projected and begun. Devotional conferences 
 were made a part of the regular programme, and Rev. W. W. Ramsay 
 appointed to take charge. Madame Kraus-Boelte, assisted by her hus- 
 band, conducted the kindergarten work. An experiment was made in 
 tonic sol-fa, under the direction of Professor Seward. A course of bril- 
 liant lectures in English literature was delivered by Prof. J. H. Gilmore 
 of Rochester University. Ram Chandra Bose of India gave several 
 scientific and popular lectures. The Fisk Jubilees visited Chautauqua 
 for the first time; and they, with the North-western Band, and the great 
 chorus led by Professors Sherwin and Case, made the musical attrac- 
 tions of 1880 superior to those of any previous year. 
 
 Mrs. G. R. Alden (" Pansy ") took charge of the primary work; Prof. 
 E. A. Spring, of clay-modelling. A series of philosophical lectures were 
 delivered by Prof. B. P. Bowne, and of scientific lectures by W. W. Keen 
 of Philadelphia. The National Woman's Christian Temperance Union 
 held its sixth anniversary at Chautauqua in August. The National Edu- 
 cation Association met there between July 13 and 16. The Christian 
 Commission Re-union was also held. Aug. i was observed as Y M C A 
 Day. 
 
 Gen. Garfield, then candidate for President of the United States, 
 spent a sabbath with us. The Hon. Schuyler Colfax during the session 
 delivered his famous lecture on " Abraham Lincoln." The camp-fire of 
 the r. L. S. C. was inaugurated on Tuesday evening, Aug. 17. Aug. 
 19 was observed as Processional Day. The Missionary Institute was 
 the best that had ever been held at Chautauqua; and all were delighted 
 with the presence of our old friend Dr. H. W. Warren, who had in May 
 of this year been made Bishop by the General Conference of his Church. 
 
 Among our new lecturers were : Dr. S. J. Wilson of Alleghany City, 
 Penn., Dr. J. O. Means of the A. B. C. F. M.,Dr. L. D. McCabe of Dela- 
 ware, O., Dr. Sheldon Jackson, Professor Holman of Philadelphia, Dr. 
 R. R. Meredith of Boston, Prof. Stuckenberg of Springfield, O., Dr. W. W. 
 Patton of Washington, Dr. C. L. Goodell of St. Louis, Mo. Miss M. F. 
 Boice of Philadelphia gave a very successful course of lessons in elocu- 
 tion. Thursday night, Aug. 19, the "Arkites" made their night-march, 
 — a unique and laughable feature of the closing davs of the season. 
 
 In the Normal Department, including the Intermediate and children, 
 there were nearly two hundred and fifty graduates. 
 
 'w\ 
 
284 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 ii i! 
 
 .r J 
 
 I iP;^ 
 
 1881. 
 
 Chautauqua in 1881 began Thursday, July 7, and closed Monday, Aug. 
 22. The Department of Phonography, under the direction of Prof. W. 
 D. Bridge, was inaugurated this year. Calisthenics were taught. Among 
 the special attractions were the old-fashioned singing-school, the old- 
 fashioned debating-society, and the usual spelling-matches. The Fisk 
 Jubilee Singers again assisted Professors Sherwin and Case in the musi- 
 cal entertainments. Signor Giuseppe Vitale, the brilliant and promising 
 young violinist, spent several weeks at Chautauqua. The Christian Com- 
 mission held its re-union. The Chautauqua School of Theology was es- 
 tablished. The Hotel* Athenaeum was finished. The new museum, 
 Newton Hall, built through the munificence of Jacob Miller, Esq., of 
 Canton, O., was opened. The Chautauqua Extension of the Buffalo, 
 New York, and Philadelphia Railway opened Chautauqua for the first 
 time by railway communication to the outside world. Signor Alessandro 
 Gavazzi was our distinguished foreign guest. Prof. S. S. Curry of Bos- 
 ton University gave daily lessons in voice-culture ; Prof. W. D. McClin- 
 tock of Kentucky, in Anglo-Saxon and Shakespearian literature; Nathan 
 Sheppard, a course of lectures on Carlyle, George Eliot, Thackeray, 
 Darwin, Dickens, Bu]wer, Heine, Macaulay, Scott and Macdonald, Rus- 
 kin. The Teachers' Retreat was especially valuable. Dr. J. W. Dickin- 
 son of Boston gave talks on «' Object Teaching ; " Prof. S. F. Frost of 
 Massachusetts lectured on " Geography outside of the Text-Books ; " 
 Prof. C. F. Richardson, on "Intellectual Economy," and "The Native 
 Element of American Literature ; " C. E. Bishop, Esq., read an able 
 paper on the " Home School ; " and Mr. Daniel H. Post of Jamestown, 
 on " What our Pupils read." An interesting discussion took place during 
 the Retreat, on the question, "Are the schools of to-day, with their superior 
 facilities, relatively more effective than the schools of forty years ago " } 
 Among ihe new lecturers at the Assembly for that season were Rev. 
 Dr. D. A. Goodsell of New Haven, Conn. ; Prof. J. L. Corning ; Dr. 
 William Hayes Ward, editor of the New- York " Independent;" Rev. A. 
 H. Lewis of Plainfield, N.J. ; Rev. A. E. Dunning of Boston ; Dr. Ed- 
 ward Everett Hale; Dr. Philip Schaff; Dr. J. W. Hamilton of Boston; 
 Dr. W. H. Withrow of Canada; Gen. O. O. Howard of West Point; 
 and Dr. A. A. Willits. 
 
 An impressive memorial service was held on sabbath, Aug. 7 ; Rev. J. 
 H. Knowles fpeaking on Dr. S. M. Vail, Rev. C. P. Hard on Bishop E. 
 O. Haven, Rev. James Hamiilon on Dr. W. H. Perrine, Rev. J. L. Hurl- 
 but on Rev. W. O. Simpson of England, 
 
 l-i ! 
 
 ' i 
 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 285 
 
 i\\\ 
 
 The Sunday-school Normal Department course included three lectures 
 by the Superintendent of Instruction ; six conferences ; twelve Bible- 
 drills in the children's class, under the direction of Rev. B. T. Vincent ; 
 twelve intermediate-class drills by Mr. Vincent ; twelve Bible-drills and 
 twelve normal drills conducted by Rev. J. L. Hurlbut. Lewis Miller's 
 normal class from Akron, O., passed the examination. The " Chautau- 
 qua Young Folks* Reading Union " was formally inaifgurated on Thurs- 
 day, Aug. 18. In the Normal Department on Wednesday, Aug. 17, 120 
 children, 53 intermediate, and 115 normals entered. There was also a 
 special primary examination. 
 
 1882. 
 
 1882 was the first graduating year in the C. L. S. C. A full account 
 of this imposing service is given on pp. 1 13-126. Among the distinguish- 
 ing features of this year were the lectures of Prof. W. T. Harris, Con- 
 cord, Mass. ; Prof. William H. Niles of Boston ; Wallace Bruce, Esq. ; 
 T. De Witt Talmage ; Dr. Isaac Erret ; Dr. Wilkinson ; Dr. Alexander 
 Sutherland of Canada ; Dr. William M. Blackburn of Cincinnati ; Dr. 
 Mark Hopkins, who delivered the address on " Our Departed President ; " 
 Anthony Comstock; John B. Gough; Dr. B. M. Adams of Brooklyn; 
 Chaplain C. C. McCabe; Dr. Lyman Abbott; Dr. A. D. Vail, who gave 
 us the "Story of Our C. L. S. C. Banner;" Bishop H. W. Warren; Dr. 
 Philip Schaff; Bishop R. S. Foster; Dr. L. T. Townsend; Dr. J. M. 
 Buckley, etc. Readings were given by A. P. Burbank, Esq., and Prof. J. 
 W. Churchill. The visit of "The Royal Hand Bell-Ringers and Glee- 
 men " of London, Eng., was one of the most brilliant attractions of the 
 season. The great organ in the Amphitheatre was formally dedicated on 
 Saturday, July 8, and several admirable organ-concerts were given by 
 Professor George H. Ryder. The musical department for 1882 was 
 especially rich. In addition to " The Royal Hand Bell-Ringers and Glee- 
 men" of London, the following names were announced: Prof. W. F. 
 Sherwin, Prof. C. C. Case, Prof. N. Coe Stewart, Prof. E. E. Ayres, Sig- 
 nor Vitale, the Misses Lynnie and Minnie Becher (violinists). Miss Belle 
 McClintock, Mrs. C. T. Westlake, Mrs. O. A. Baldwin, Miss Ethel 
 Crippen, Mr. Leon H. Vincent, and Miss Fannie A. Compton. The 
 "night vigil " was held for the class of 1883. Rev. B. M. Adams began 
 that series of devotional conferences which has so intimately associated 
 his name with Chautauqua. 
 
 A pleasant telegram was this year received from J. E. Mosely of 
 Madison, Wis., as follows : " Monona Lake Assembly to Chautauqua, 
 the mother Assembly in the leafy temple under Eastern skies : This, the 
 
 % 
 
 ■:i 
 
 i 
 
 Mi? 
 
286 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 youngest of the goodly sisterhood of daughters, between the Wisconsin 
 lakes, sends its greetings, with a hope that we may join hands across the 
 States in the great work of building up the cause of our common Master, 
 Jesus Christ. To this message, the following reply was sent : " Chau- 
 tauqua accepts Monona's greetings with gratitude and joy. May both 
 institutions promote science, faith, and philanthropy, in the guidance of 
 the gospel of Jesift Christ." 
 
 The anniversary of the C. L. S. C. was held on Saturday afternoon, " 
 Aug. s. Dr. Goodell of St. Louis. Dr. Leonard of Cincinnati, Bisho.; 
 Simpson of Philadelphia, and Dr. Mark Hopkins of Massachusetts, 
 delivered the addresses. The Sunday school for Aug. 7 enrolled 3,127 
 members, and that for Aug. 14 three thousand. " Recognition Day "was 
 observed on Saturday, Aug. 12. The "Chautauqua Society of Christian 
 Ethics was instituted this year. The normal examinations were passed 
 including the children's, intermediate, primary teachers', and regular 
 normal department, by three hundred and twenty-two persons 
 
 1883. 
 
 The distinguishing features of 1883 were, the first "Ideal Foreign 
 Tour through Europe," with lectures by C. E. Bolton, Esq., and "Tour- 
 ists Conferences " conducted by Mrs. S. K. Bolton ; the " Day Fireworks " 
 under the direction of Professor Hand of Hamilton, Ont.; readings by 
 1 rof. R. L. Cumnock of Evanston, 111. ; classes in cookery, by Mrs 
 Emma P. Ewing of Chicago. A course of lectures was given by Pro^ 
 fessor Charles J. Little. Lectures were delivered by Dr. Julius King of 
 Cleveland Hon. A. W. Tourg^e, H , 1. Will Cumback. Prof. W C 
 Richards (a brilliant series in physical science), B. F. Jacobs, Esq of 
 Chicago, Edward L. Wilson, Esq., of Philadelphia, Dr. Everett of Harris- 
 burg, Dr^J B Angell, Dr. W. F. Malialieu, Dr. Joseph Cummings, Rev. 
 George H. Vibbert, Dr. P. S. Henson, Dr. Arthur Mitchell. Dr. Alexander 
 Martin. Dr. A. G. Haygood, Dr. R. B. Hull, Prof. A. A. Wright Dr 
 Julius H. Seelye, Dr. J. S. Jewell. Dr. Alfred Wheeler. Professor Charles 
 A. Young of Princeton College. Profs. E. S. Shumway and W R 
 Harper were introduced to the Chautauqua schools of language as 
 teachers respectively of Latin and Hebrew this season. 
 
 The annual address on "Recognition Day" was delivered by Dr 
 Lyman Abbott of New York. Important additions were made to the 
 Museum, among which was a magnificent cast of one of the two great 
 panels of the Arch of Titus at Rome, containing a relief of the seven- 
 branched golden candlestick taken from the temple bv Titus -t the c-p 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT 287 
 
 ture of Jerusalem. This was one of the purchases made for the Museum 
 
 by the gift of one thousand dollars, made by , Esq., of . 
 
 Several brilliant concerts were given by Professors Sherwin and Case. 
 The "Spanish Students" gave a concert on Wednesday, Aug. i. Miss 
 E. M. Reed taught a session of the summer school en the "Quincy" 
 method. A very interesting series of women's devotional conferences 
 was held by Miss Fannie A. Dyer, and a series of temperance con- 
 ferences by Mrs. T. B. Hoover. Memorial services were held on Tues- 
 day, Aug. 14, in honor of Rev. E. J. L. Baker, one of the trustees 
 of the Assembly; Rev. L. H. Bugbee, D.D., the first member of the 
 C. L. S. C. ; Amos K. Warren, Esq., for years the Superintendent of 
 Grounds. The loss of Mr. Warren was a serious one to the Assembly. 
 He was a man of remarkable executive ability and enterprise. Saturday, 
 Aug. 18, was " Recognition Day " this year. Mrs. B. T. Vincent had 
 charge of the primary teachers' normal department this season. About 
 two hundred and fifty persons passed in the examinations in the various 
 departments of the Sunday-school normal work. 
 
 1884. 
 
 "The Youth's C. L. S. C." paper for boys and girls was established 
 by Dr. Flood, this season, at Chautauqua. It is an illustrated paper, 
 of which twelve numbers were published. "The Chautauqua Foreign 
 Tour " this year was through England, Ireland, and Scotland, with lec- 
 tures by Rev. Jesse Bowman Young, Prof. H. H. Ragan, and Mr. George 
 Makepeace Towle. The opening address on Saturday, July 12, before 
 the C. T. R. and C. S. L., was delivered by the Rev. H. L. Hubbell, D.D., 
 of Jamestown. Music was furnished this season under the direction of 
 Professors Sherwin and Case, with Mr. T. P. Ryder of Boston as organ- 
 ist; the Meigs-Underhill Combination; Donavin's famous Tennesseeans ; 
 Mrs. Juvia C. Hull of New York, soprano ; the Yale-college Glee-club • 
 Miss Belle McClintock ; Mr. Excell and Miss Tuthill of Chicago ; Miss 
 Julia Ball of Buffalo, solo pianist; and Mr. Walton N. Ellis of Brooklyn, 
 tenor. A course of brilliant lectures on English literature, by Professor 
 Charles J. Little, was given ; lectures also by Dr. Henson, Miss Susan 
 Hayes Ward, T. DeWitt Talmr.ge, Dr. R. M. Stratton, Rev. J. W. Butler 
 of Mexico, Rev. S. G. Smith, D.D., Ram Chandra Bose of India, Rev. 
 Dennis Osbon.^- -1 India, Bishop Samuel Fallows of Chtcago, Dr. 
 William Butler, Sua Aubrah of Burmah, Rev. A. J. Palmer. A course of 
 superior lectures in philosophy was given by Principal A. M. Fairbairn 
 of England; lessons in micKoscopy, by \V. C. J. Hall, Esq., of James- 
 
 m 
 
 •R'f'J 
 •1 
 
 t 
 
 ii 
 
288 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 town; lectures by Miss Frances E. Willard, Mrs. M. H. Hunt, Mrs 
 Mary T. Lathrop, Dr. Herrick Johnson, Gen. J. C. Black, Dr O P Fitz' 
 gerald of Nashville, Dr. Daniel Curry, Dr. John B. Finch, Hon. George 
 W. Bain President Julius Seelye. On Saturday, Aug. 23, a reception was 
 tendered to Robert E. Pattison, Governor of Pennsylvania. A memorial 
 service was held on Sunday, Aug. 10, in honor of A. O. Van Lennep Dr 
 W. E. Knox, Dr. A. J. Baird, and Bishop Simpson. C. L. S. C. Recogni- 
 tion Day was held on Tuesday, Aug. 19. The annual oration was deliv- 
 ered by Dr. W. Cleaver Wilkinson. Dr. John Williamson conducted a 
 series of interesting Bible-readings during the Assembly. Advanced 
 normal e.;ammations were conducted by Rev. Frank Russell. Friday, 
 Aug. 15, was observed as decennial anniversary day of the National 
 Woman's Christian Temperance Union. A class of young people was 
 taught by Mrs. A. M. Rice, called "The Temperance Classmates," and 
 did some excellent work. The normal work was well sustained. 
 
 1885. 
 
 w'^!''/Tf '^ ^^" °^ ^"^^ Chautauqua Assembly opened a " Preliminary 
 week, July 7; beginning the regular programme of the C. T. R and 
 C. S. L. July II, and closing with an "After-week," Friday, Aug 28- 
 making the longest season since the founding of Chautauqua. The 
 records of this most recent year are so accessible that it will be hardly 
 necessary here to reproduce more than the salient features of the pro- 
 gramme. The studies of the "Foreign Tour" embraced Italy, Roman 
 history, and Latin literature. A series of organ-recitals by Prof. I. V 
 Flagler attracted much attention. Memorial services were held on Sun 
 day, Aug. 9, in honor of Bishop I. W. Wiley, Mrs. Victor Cournelle, Rev 
 Joseph Leslie, Hon. Schuyler Colfax, and Gen. U. S. Grant. The Sunday 
 school Normal Alumni Re-union was addressed by Rev. Dr. J. M Free^ 
 man of New York. The representatives of the Baptist Church held 
 a series of special services, including a conference, a tea-meeting ^nd 
 sociable, and the anniversary of "The Chautauqua Baptist " Reading- 
 Circle. The baccalaureate sermon before the graduating class of the 
 C. L. S. C. was delivered by Dr. Charles F. Deems. " Recognition 
 Day was Wednesday, Aug. 19, and the annual address was delivered by 
 the Rev. Dr. E. E. Hale of Boston. A special series of "Yale Univer- 
 sity Historical Lectures" was delivered by Professor Arthur M. Wheeler 
 of Yale College. The « First Rally of the Chautauqua Town and Country 
 Club took place on Saturday, Aug. 22, with an address by Mr. Charles 
 
 Barnard of New York. THp. frgt mppHntr ni ^Ha «<r^i j. - • 
 
 i^iiii meering or tne "Cauutauqua society 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 289 
 
 of Fine Arts " was also held at this time. Bishop Cyrus D. Foss made 
 his first appearance at Chautauqua, preaching on Sunday, Aug. 23. Dr. 
 J. P. Newman delivered a lecture on Tuesday, Aug. 25, in memory of 
 Gen. U. S. Grant. The season of 1885 was closed at noon of Friday. 
 Aug. 28. ' 
 
 II. 
 
 There are limitations upon author and publishers ; and it becomes 
 necessary to present in the most condensed way possible the reports 
 which we hoped to be able to give in full, from the various Chautauqua 
 centres through the country. 
 
 ACTON PARK ASSEMBLY. 
 
 " Acton Park Assembly," Indiana, on the Cincinnati, Indianapolis, St. 
 Louis, and Chicago Railroad, twelve miles south-east of Indianapolis. 
 Five years ago a course of literary lectures was established at the Acton 
 Camp-ground. The name was changed from "Acton Camp-ground " to 
 "Acton Park Assembly." Mr. James C. Pulse proposed a Chautauqua 
 Day at Acton Park in 1885. The audience was large and enthusiastic. 
 James C. Pulse of Greensburgh was elected president; Miss Ruby 
 Sexton of Rushville, Ind., secretary. The officers of the Acton Park 
 Assembly are: Hon. Will Cumback, chairman; W. H. R. Reed, j«/^/-. 
 intendent, — \iQ\}a. of Greensburgh, Ind. 
 
 ARKANSAS CHAUTAUQUA ASSEMBLY. 
 
 "The Arkansas Chautauqua Assembly," proposed at a public meeting 
 of the citizens of Siloam Springs, Ark., by E. V. Dolgoruki, Esq., Jan. 
 31, 1885, has been chartered by the State. An amphitheatre a hundred 
 by a hundred and twenty feet was built in the summer of 1885. The 
 Arkansas Chautauqua Assembly opened its first session June 13, 1885. 
 The programme was varied, practical, interesting, Siloam Springs has 
 two thousand inhabitants, and is situated in the south-west corner of 
 Benton County, Arkansas, a mile and a half from the Indian Territory. 
 The Assembly for 1886 begins July 12. Officers : C. W. Hinds, president] 
 E. V. Dolgoruki, superintendent. 
 
 i 
 
 BAY VIEW ASSEMBLY. 
 
 Bay View Assembly, near Petoskey, Mich., at the terminus of the 
 Grand Rapids and Indiana Railway. Six hundred and fifty acres of land 
 overlook a beautiful bay upon Lake Michigan, near the northern extrem- 
 
 ilil 
 
290 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 ity of the lower peninsula of Michigan. The grounds are under the 
 control of the Michigan Camp-ground Association. The first annual 
 meeting was held Aug. i, 1876. The location is one of rare beauty and 
 healthfulness; the climate equable; and the pure, cool, northern lake- 
 breezes are invigorating. Especial facilities are furnished b\ the railway 
 and steamboat companies. Nearly one hundred and fifty cottages have 
 already been erected. There are a large hotel, an auditorium with seating 
 ^capacity of twenty-five hundred, a chapel, restaurant, good dock, offices 
 and an excellent system of water-works supplied by mexhaustible foun- 
 tams from a high point near the centre of the grounds. There are annu- 
 ally held at Bay View, Sunday-school Normal Meetings, sessions of the 
 Michigan Ministerial Association ; and in the season of 1885 an educa- 
 tional department was organized. The aim is to make Bay View, Mich 
 "a Michigan Chautauqua." A C. L. S. C. Recognition Day, Round- 
 table Conferences, etc., will be held. The Assembly is thoroughly catholic 
 in spirit, and all denominations have a hearty welcome. Watson Snyder 
 of Ypsilanti, mc\,.,\^ president ; Rev. S. Reed of YWx^t secretary ; David 
 Prer'on, Detroit, treasurer. John M. Hall has charge of the " C L S C " 
 work; Rev. Washington Gardner, of the Normal Sunday-school Depart- 
 ment; and President Lewis R. Fiske, D.D., of Albion College, of the 
 Ministerial Union. 
 
 CANBY, OREGON. 
 
 Canby, Or., a camp-ground, on the Molalla River, midway between 
 Portland and Salem, Or., forty acres. Ten or twelve years ago the 
 grounds were laid out in blocks and lots, with streets and broad avenues 
 A tabernacle a hundred by a hundred and fifty feet was built. Rev 
 W. T. Chapman, having attended the annual assemblies at Chautauqua 
 in 187s and 1876, returned to Oregon an alumnus of the Chautauqua Sun- 
 day-school Normal Department. Arrangements have been made to hold 
 a Chautauqua Assembly the third week of June each year, in the interest 
 ot the L. L. S. C. and of normal Sunday-school work. Information 
 concerning Canby may be received from Rev. W. T. Chapman. 
 Hubbard. Or. ^ ' 
 
 CAZENOVIA. 
 
 The Cazenovia Assembly was held for a few years on Lakeview 
 Camp-ground, Cazenovia Lake, N.Y. The meetings were quite success- 
 ful for several years, under the direction of Professor Smythe. W A 
 Duncan Esq., Rev. J. S. Ostrander, and others.. Later on the grounds 
 were sold, and the Assembly abandoned. 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 291 
 
 CLEAR LAKE, IOWA. 
 
 Clear Lake, lo.. Assembly was organized in 1876. It is nearly midway 
 between the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers, on Clear Lake, in Northern 
 Iowa, a beautiful sheet of water. The first session was held the centen- 
 nial year, Rev. J. R. Berry superintendent. Sessions of 1879 and i88o, 
 superintendent Rev. J. A. Worden. The "C. L. S. C." is recognized at 
 Clear Lake. There are annually at Clear Lake a camp-meeting, a Sunday- 
 school assembly, a musical festival, and a temperance jubilee. Officers:* 
 Truman Woodford, Milwaukee, Wis., /resident ; Rev. H. W. Bennett 
 Bloomington, 111., secretary. * 
 
 ENCHANTED ISLAND, LAKE MINNETONKA. 
 
 Lake Minnetonka is fifteen miles west of Minneapolis, Minn., and is 
 I' the Saratoga of the West." A joint Chautauqua committee, represent- 
 mg the Circles of St. Paul and Minneapolis, was formed in May, 1885; 
 and on Friday, June 26, 1885, an assembly was held at Enchanted Island! 
 About three hundred Chautauquans and friends were present, principally 
 from St. Paul and Minneapolis, though Anoka and Duluth Circles were 
 officially represented, and visitors were present from St. Louis, Mo., and 
 other points. After a pleasant excursion on the lake, and a lunch, a 
 public meeting was held; William H. Eustis of Minneapolis presiding. 
 The question of permanent organization was discussed by a number of 
 distinguished gentlemen. A permanent organizing committee was formed, 
 with power to add to their number, to prepare and adopt a constitution, 
 to elect officers for the coming year, to appoint an executive committee 
 with power to arrange for meetings during the year. Reports were 
 received from a large number of circles. The evening session was held 
 around a camp-fire and on the deck of the boat. There were toasts and 
 songs. The permanent committee met in July, and elected James Surdam, 
 Esq., of St. Paul, chairman, and E. G. Brandebury of Minneapolis, secre- 
 tary and treasurer. It was under the auspices of this committee that the 
 " Recognition Service " was held at Mahtomedi, White Bear Lake. (See 
 Mahtomedi.) In Minneapolis and St. Paul, there are more than thirty 
 circles, with a membership of over six hundred. 
 
 Ji 
 
 s 
 
 FLORIDA CHAUTAUQUA. 
 
 The Florida Chautauqua, located in Western Florida, on the Pensacola 
 and Atlantic Railway, about eighty miles from Tallahassee, and about 
 the same distance from Pensacola. It is on a high ridge of land, three 
 
 « 
 
 '' '11 
 
 i 
 
i 
 
 P 
 
 292 T/fE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 hundred feet above the level of the Gulf of Mexico, which is twenty-four 
 HM es away. Two hundred and eight acres surround a beaut fT. Ike a 
 m.le .n arcumferencc, and sixty feet in depth, the water beinH ei a^'ul 
 pure and the beach of hard white sand. The Southern pine!o k ^ l 
 nol a and bay grow on the grounds. There is a tabcr.kcle which w^ 
 seat wenty-five hundred persons. There are also buildings for lokrng 
 school. k.ndergarten and young people's headquartersf and a large 
 .two-story building with assembly-room and class-rooms The "Hotel 
 Chautauqua" is a large and comfortable house. Rev. A. H. Gillet D D 
 IS Supermtendent of Instruction. W. C. Chipley. Esq.. v.w;sident 
 
 t::^:rt. t".^^ ift-;Lrir t^ -^-"- 
 
 February. ,883.- and closed March^ Z:^:' ^ X^^^^^L 
 cached nearly ten thousand dollars. The Florida ChauLqua holdT i 
 annua sess,on m February and March, and offers, in addition to th 
 delightful chmate of Florida, the attractions of a first-class a semblv to 
 Northern tourists and Southern residents alike. ^ 
 
 GENESEE COUNTY ASSEMBLY. 
 
 Genesee County Assembly, on Long Lake. Genesee County, Michigan 
 « a recent organization for summer meetings of the "C L S C " ,n 
 Genesee County ; Rev. William M. Ward. Goodrich. Mich., 'superintend 
 
 h Idl J°'"/^r"' ''""'• ''"'^•' ''''■'^'''y- The first mefting wat 
 held on Tuesday, Aug. 25, 1885. Music, lectures. " C. L. S. C," consti- 
 tuted the programme, which seems „. have been very enjo;ab e A 
 similar but more elaborate meeting was projected for the summer of 1886. 
 
 INTER-STATE SUNDAY-SCHOOL ASSEMBLY. 
 
 T8,?K p'""" r'? ^^.""d^-V-^^hool Assembly, Kansas, was organized in 
 Chlh' t"-/- ^?'"'"'' '''" P^^^°^ °^ '""^ «^«^ Methodist^Episcopal 
 yea Dr r'v S .' ^ ^'"n^'j'^' "-^'"g^ ^^ two years. The thL 
 t8«; .? SchaufHer of Kansas City was chosen president. In 
 
 1882 the meetmg was held at Hartzell Park, near Topeka, under the 
 
 fsT^telh ""'T "": '*"^"^' '''''■ J- ^- Hurlbut'conductor^ In 
 
 1883 the fifth annual nieetmg was held at Forest Park, adjoining the city 
 of Ottawa, Kan., which is now the permanent location o the Issembly 
 Ottawa IS situated on the Southern Kansas Railway, and is the terminus 
 
 west from K ^T"m ''"''^ ^'''^''- '' '^ «^^>^-- -"- -"'^ 
 
 Tr s pTrlf rr '' ^" /' '" ' P°P"'^^'"" °f «^-" thousand. 
 Forest Park is the property of the ciiy. and lies within its limits. It 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 293 
 
 w th . ,. °"5 '^' '•'"'"'y ''^ ^'^ ^'^y' '•^^ I'-rk has been provfded 
 
 TnH ;^ . ^«f •"'^'y has free use of the park during the meetings 
 
 and the people of the city and adjoining country take an earnestZi 
 active interest in the welfare of he Assemblv tL \ """"^^"'^ 
 norma, work is the "heart" of the Astry.'^.cI ta^^uar^ ^^^^ 
 suggestion and has been the ideal." For five'years Professor Sherl 
 ha. had charge of , he music. Rev. B. T. Vincent was an instructor o:^ 
 
 The "C L l^ r» ; ?^'"'' '""^^^ ^" ^^^^"^*^d ""r'"^! ^1^«- 
 
 ine c. L. b. C. round-tables, camp-fires, and " Recognition-Dav " 
 serv.ce are observed at the "Inter-State Sunday-school Assemb ; " It's 
 
 •'oTe llw : "^^^"•^^!;-'- '^^^ ^^-^guage of one of its'officcr 
 
 to be known and recognized as the Chautauqua of the West " The 
 eighth annual session, from June 22 to July 2, 1886. Rev. D. C.' Milner 
 of Atchison, Kan., president; Rev. Dr. J. L. Hurlbut of New York 
 superrntendent of instruction; D. C. Hanes, Ottawa. Kan.. sZtarT 
 
 ISLAND PARK ASSEMBLY. 
 
 Tni''^"l^-^'^ Assembly, Rome City, Ind., is on the Grand Rapids and 
 Indiana Railway, thirty-five miles north of Fort Wayne. The AssembW 
 >s ocated on the shores of a lovely lake. Its barks are heavly wooded' 
 the wateris clear and numerous islands make it exceedingly picturesque' 
 The principal buildings are on the island, twenty acres in extent Th.rl 
 
 bridges, and a forest of young oak-tre,... There is a large tabernacle 
 which will seat twenty-five hundred people, a museum build ngarha^' 
 n rmal-dass room and a building sheltering a beautiful model'^f kle .' 
 
 C L S C h^',. '" ,''' '"''"^'"'' ^'^^^^ ^he kindergarten and 
 
 rnnrof ;. ^ ^"^' '"■" '°''''^' "^^^ ^^"^°^d passes within a few 
 
 cere l/hts""Th"r"'K7'' ^"""'^ ''' brilliantly illuminated i; 
 
 OR V Dr A h' ^"T l"" "^f,""' '" '''^' '' '"^^ -^g"^-" 
 C T c' r ■ '' ""^^ '' '^'" superintendent of instruction, 
 
 at Island Par?" T'°V?'t" T^ """""d-tables have been held annually 
 at Island Park. In fact, the first public recognition-service ever held 
 anywhere was held here in 1882, the meeting' anticipat ng by a few 
 
 carried on "'."I"?"'"" ""'' '' ^^^"^^"^"'- EducationalUrk ," 
 Park « The'AUrt? p''"' Z'''' '''°°^^ °' '^"^uage. etc., at Island 
 r The Assembly Record," a sixteen-page monthly paper, is the 
 
 organ of the Assembly, edited by Dr. A. H. Gillet, assisted by Prc^f J. L 
 Shearer of Cmcinnati. O. > * '"a. j. 1.. 
 
294 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT 
 
 w 
 
 LAKK IILirPF, ILL. 
 
 Lake Bluff, III., thirty-five miles north of Chicago, on Lake Michigan, 
 on the Chicago and North-western Railroad. The first Assembly was 
 held in 1877. From 1878 to 1880 the Assembly was under the supervis- 
 ion of Revs. John Williamson, D.D., and A. W. Patton ; from 18S1 to 
 1882, under the care of Rev. J. E. Gilbert, D.D. It is the centre of a 
 Sunday-school training college of which Dr. Gilbert is president. Session 
 in 1886 under direction of Rev. T. P. Marsh. 
 
 LAKESIDE ENCAMPMENT. 
 
 Lakeside Encampment, Lakeside, O., on the peninsula which forms 
 Sandusky Bay, a little west of Sandusky, O. Distant about: len miles, 
 may be seen " Put-in-Bay" Island, immortalized by the viciorl ^ of Com- 
 modore Perry; on the north, four miles away, Kelley's Island; on the 
 north-east, the waters of Lake Erie ; the shore beyond cannot be seen. 
 The lake-breezes make it a cool summer resort. The encampment con- 
 tains about a hundr' nd seventy-five acres. The grounds are reached ' 
 by a delightful stea : rirle of ten miles from Sandusky, through the bay 
 and around the eastern end of a peninsula ; or by stage from the Danbury 
 Station of the Michigan Southern Railroad, which is six miles away. 
 There are at Lakeside a good hotel, and boarding-houses, restaurants, 
 stores, beautiful cottages, a chapel, a large auditorium, and other build- 
 ings. Lakeside opened as an encampment in 1873, and as a Sunday-school 
 assembly or encampment in 1877 ; the Rev. Dr. Worden conducting the 
 first annual meeting. The Rev. Dr. C. W. Gushing conducted the en- 
 campment the second year; the Rev. B. T. Vincent, in 1879 and 1880. 
 In 188 1 the programme committee, under the direction of Dr. Hartupee, 
 chairman, managed the meetings. Dr. J. H. Vincent superintended in 
 1882, and since then the Rev. B. T. Vincent has had charge. Every year 
 are held boys' and girls' meetings, primary teachers' work, and the regular 
 normal work. The Lakeside Normal Alumni Association is large, stu- 
 dious, and influential. In addition to the annual camp-meeting, and 
 Sunday-school encampment, a secular i - rr t srliool is held each year 
 on the grounds, under able instructors. 1'. ,e also cr.vr.ntions op 
 
 reformatory work. " C. L. S. C." recoga.ti.u scwices, round-tables, and 
 camp-fires find place at Lakeside. 
 
 LOVELAND, O. 
 
 Loveland is a camp-ground thirty-five miles from Cincinnati, where an 
 Assembly was formed in 1876, and conducted during 1877 and 1878 under 
 the supervision of Rev. J. E. Gilbert. 
 
/r. 
 
 Lake Michigan, 
 : Assembly was 
 21' the supervis- 
 i; from i8Si to 
 the centre of a 
 sident. Session 
 
 la which form? 
 bout ten miles, 
 :ior; a of Com- 
 Island; on the 
 :annot be seen, 
 campment con- 
 ds are reached 
 hrough the bay 
 m the Danbury 
 )ix miles away. 
 5s, restaurants, 
 id other build- 
 Sunday-school 
 conducting the 
 ducted the en- 
 r879 and 1880. 
 Dr. Hartupee, 
 perintended in 
 e. Every year 
 md the regular 
 n is large, stu- 
 >meeting, and 
 leld each year 
 f !vr(.iitions on 
 ind-tables, and 
 
 iiati, where an 
 nd 1878 under 
 
 r//E CHAUrAl7Q[/A MOVEMENT, 
 
 39s 
 
 MAHTOMEDI ASSEMBLY. 
 
 also , „„, „^,„,,„ ,„„„^ ab„':7htTr„d;':„X" Tr^V"" 
 
 been two sess ons of the AssemKiv t^ • ^ P^op'e- 1 here have 
 -) . public recogni.io'.l'^ :r' "Ih.'^.c"! s V-T^'hI;''^ '^"^• 
 
 MAINE CHAUTAUQUA ASSEMBLY. 
 
 The Maine Chautauqua Assembly, FryeburR Me 188^ A ^u 
 Chautauqua Assembly, supported chkfly'by the beneicence ^^''''''f' 
 lady m Portland, Icyal to the " C. L. S. C." ''^'"^^cence of an elect 
 
 MAPLEWOOD PARK ASSEMBLY 
 
 Sunday .cjotno™ ,,''a '..'c lI'c-'woT"" '"" '""'^ '" ' ^- 
 firs, public recognition of ,he «c L s'c" w ??,"' °"u'"'°"- '^^' 
 ■88s, conduced by Dr A H gL? "' " ""= '''''"'°" »« 
 
 Another feature of the M-,„v^' P^ ,' ^"P"'"""*"' of instruction. 
 
 .u.e. conducted i„".s^; ^;t"n'^;;:^i:;t'^::zr'"' "-'■ 
 
 MONONA LAKE ASSEMBLY. 
 
 The first session of the Wiscr<n<5iM Qf^f^ c j 
 held in ,880, on the shores Tf ^en if %':« T J sT^^"^"''^ ^'^^ 
 to the shores of Monona Lake, near Mad L^ m ^880 ^^ h"""^'^' 
 ducted the Sunday-school normal class. L 88r Rev Dr C H ri"hT 
 was chairman of the executive committee In i8s7nr r m ^ "'' 
 superintendent of the normnl aZT' /" '°^^^'^- ^iHet was elected 
 i88r, the first Cm n f P^'-'"^^"^- during this Assembly of 
 
 188. 188 en n- T, ""P'^'" ^" ^'e'^*^^ '■" Wisconsin. In 1887 
 
 J c next year Kev. F. S. Stem was made president AC 7 ^ r 
 
 buikhng was erected and dedicaterl H„rm„ .u ^"^- ^ ^- L- S. C. 
 
 the close of the Assemblv of r8«. n r^-n '"'"'"''' °^ '^^5- With 
 
 superintendeHt Ld Dr T T H n^' ' '"' '""'Sned the position of 
 
 F tenaent, and Dr. J. L. Hurlbut was appointed to take his nla.. 
 
296 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 1*^ I 
 
 if! 
 
 A\ 
 
 Ilk •% 
 
 MONTEAGLE ASSEMBLY. 
 
 Monteagle Assembly is at Monteagle, on the Cumberland Mountains, 
 Tenn. A meeting of persons interested in organizing a Southern Sunday- 
 school Assembly was held in Tullahoma, Aug. 17, 1882, at eight p.m. 
 Representatives were present from several States. A committee was 
 appointed to select a location. This committee, after visiti'.ig several 
 places in Tennessee, Georgia, and North Carolina, chose Monteagle, 
 Tenn. ; and a charter was secured. The Asseh;blv is undenominational, 
 unsectional, and to be managed for the pecuniary benefit of no one. It 
 is under the control of a board of trustees elected annually by the mem- 
 bers, with an equal number from each Christian church represented in 
 its membership. There are about a hundred acres, which have been laid 
 out into parks, drives, and building-lots. A children's temple and large 
 amphitheatre have been erected by the Assembly. There is a good 
 restaurant, and a large hotel. Monteagle is on the top of the Cumberland 
 Mountains, between Nashville and Chattanooga, directly on the line of 
 railroad owned and managed by the Tennessee Coal and Iron Railroad 
 Company. The altitude is twenty-two hundred feet above the sea. The 
 nights are delightfully cool. The Assembly grounds extend to some of 
 the grandest mountain scenery in America. Three Assemblies have been 
 held, — 1883, 1884, 1885. In no year have there been less than twenty 
 States represented. The Assembly work at Monteagle comprises two 
 features, — summer-schools and the Assembly proper. The people of 
 Nashville and Memphis, Tenn., and the people of Mississippi, have 
 erected and furnished large buildings for the free lodging of teachers in 
 their secular schools, who will attend Monteagle. These buildings con- 
 tain nineteen or twenty rooms each. Similar buildings are soon to be 
 erected for the States of Georgia and Alabama. These "teachers' 
 homes " are very popular. The course of instruction is broad and liberal. 
 The members of the "C. L. S. C." in the South have erected a Hall of 
 Philosophy at Monteagle, in which they hold round-tables and other 
 meetings. The camp-fires have been kindled for several years at Mont- 
 eagle. Dr. James H. Carlisle of Spartanburg, S.C., was the nominee of 
 Monteagle Branch of the " C. L. S. C," and was at their request most 
 gladly appointed one of the " counsellors " by the " C. L. S. C." authorities. 
 The Assembly and schools open June 30, in 1886; the schools con- 
 tinue six weeks. The Assembly closes Aug. 26. R. B. Reppard, Esq., 
 of Savannah, Ga., is president; and Rev. J. H. Warren of Murfrees- 
 borough, Tenn., chairman of the executive committee. 
 
 MS. 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 297 
 
 MONTEREY, CAL. 
 
 C. C. Strae.on n n . California began its history. R,, 
 
 class of Z883 numbered six l^^Z^^^rrTj'K ^'^^^'f "'^ 
 
 reducing ^alL^ri:;:^^^^^^^^^^ ^" the , Je, and^o 
 
 even limited means could attend the f.i t ?f '^'' '^'' P'"P'" "^ 
 scholars, scientists, and literary people of hTc '' . f "' °' ^'^ "°'^^^« 
 to the Chautauquans. and brouittn .1? 1 T' ^'"' ^ ^""^'"""^ ^and 
 their scholarship. S x years Tav^^^ I ^'''"^'^ ''^^ "^^ P'-^ducts of 
 
 Dr. Stratton has cont nu d o se'e a^, ' "T f ""• '^' "^ ^^ ^^S'""'"g- 
 compelled to resign on accou ^ - -^^^ 
 
 Norton was her successor Z? '^""''' ""^ ^'«« ^ary E. B. 
 
 Mary H. P^el^r^:- --;--— ^^en.^^^^ 
 
 become a c tv of <?nmm«r \.^ • , "-'^^ary. 1 acihc Grove" has 
 
 supply, fountain:: arc^fo'^s^:^^^^^^^^^^ ^--^^"» -er- 
 
 "Natur.andart have rivalled ea h o her We chaH "T^""'" = 
 show such another camo-ffrounrl p i^ a T challenge the world to 
 
 has had fresh attractlns.' Musi'c arriitt?" '' °' *"° "^^'^' ^"^^^•- 
 all represented." ' ' ^"^"^^ture, science, and religion are 
 
 MOUNTAIN GROVE. PENN 
 
 bury. It embr;«3 thTrtX" /cL o ™f i^Tr ""^ '"■" '^°"- 
 heJd there in 1872 u„d„ ,1,, j- .' . ^ "■■" camfmeeting was 
 
 ago an effort was n,ade by RefaL C Se ,' "" '"."''"• ■^"'' 
 place at Mountain Grove ■ but th.ni ' ^'^ "'^ <^-^S-C- a 
 
 when the Chancellor held , ' LS C da!" "/* '""'" °" "»'■' '^^S. 
 Department at Mountain Grov^'^v' M^Oe ."r'n " Chautauqua 
 fr^sUM; Mrs. S C Ta™. ,!f 1,' ' ,"• °"*a« "f Danville, Penn., 
 
 for .886 ;pen Aug 4 ^T^e „L"f •/'""• "'""''^- '^'" "''"i"*^ 
 T- t"^" -^ug' 4- ine officers of the "round ar,^ . v wr xr t 
 
 Lime Ridge, Penn.,^.„,i,.„,,. Cyrus Straw of Wlkes if „ P '■°''' 
 -'->; C. C. Sharpless of Catawissa, Pe„„.,°„.' "'""' '"^ "" 
 
298 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 '\ 
 
 '< if 
 
 MOUNTAIN LAKE PARK. 
 
 This charming place is situated in Garrett County, Maryland, on the 
 Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. It is elevated twenty-seven hundred feet 
 above the sea, two hundred and forty-four miles we&c of Baltimore, and 
 a hundred and forty miles east of Wheeling. During the summers of 
 1879, 1880, and 188 1, an assembly was held at Oakville Camp-ground, 
 Penn., aad was known as "the Cumberland Valley Assembly." Later 
 on it was removed to Mountain Lake Park. The first Assembly was 
 held there, July 26 to Aug. i, 1882. Dr. W. Maslin Frysinger of Balti- 
 more is president, and Rev. J. B. Young secretary ; Rev. John T. Judd in 
 charge of the Chautauqua movements and plans in connection with tne 
 park. In 1883 the Assembly was in session from Aug. 7 to 17. It was 
 preceded by a summer school of theology under the direction of Rev. 
 A. A. Wright. In 1884 the Assembly held its sessions from Aug. 14 to 
 29, and a " summer school of amateur photography " under the direction 
 of Professor Himes of Dickinson College was established. It was held 
 again in 1885, and is pronounced a great success. The lessons of the 
 Assembly Normal Union were employed in 1885 under the direction of 
 Dr. Frysinger. The place is one of rare beauty. Its atmosphere is tonic 
 and bracing, giving relief at once to patients suffering from hay-fever. 
 The grand mountain scenery is within easy reach. It is the Chautauqua 
 
 of the Alleghanies. 
 
 PINE TREE " C. L. S. C. 
 
 The Pine Tree " C. L. S. C." at Maranacook, Me., is a summer-meeting 
 of a few circles in the vicinity of Auburn, Me., about fifty miles from 
 Portland, on the Maine Central Railroad. It is a public ground, appro- 
 priated for annual use during a brief season by the various circles who 
 constitute " the Pine Tree C. L. S. C." It was organized in Auburn, 
 March 20, 1885. There are ten circles in the Association. The leader in 
 the " Pine Tree Association " is J. C. Haskell of Auburn, Me. 
 
 THE NEW-ENGLAND ASSEMBLY. 
 
 The New-England Assembly, held at Lakeview near South Framing- 
 ham, Mass., was begun in 1880. It was the joint product of the Massa- 
 chusetts State Sunday-school Teachers' Association, and Dr. William 
 Clark of the Framingham Camp-ground. The first Assembly was held 
 during the last ten days of August in 1880. It is a reproduction of 
 Chautauqua, with many of the same lecturers, normal studies, teachers, 
 and leaders in music. It has its children's meetings, its devotional hours, 
 and has a "C. L. S. C." enthusiasm quite equalling that of Chautauqua 
 itself. The»"Hall on the Hill " is a precise reproduction of the "Hall 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 299 
 
 of Philosophy "at Chautauqua, and is situated on a lofty eminence and 
 commands a most charming view. There are at Lakeview dorm';orv 
 cottages, normal hall, dining-hail. book-stores, and a number o7 tents The 
 New-England Assembly has been under the direction of the Supe inta> 
 dent of Instruction at Chautauqua, assisted by Dr. Ilurlbut. Prof R S 
 Holmes Rev. A. E. Dunning. Prof. W. F. Sherwin. and oth rs In the 
 wmter of ,885-86 the Assembly Board was duly constituted ; H J Dadint 
 Esq..^..W.«A and T. P. Barnefield. Esq.. of Pawtucket. seer tar, -^t 
 New-England Assembly meets in July, and has the s rength and et 
 hus>asm whjch are characteristic of Chautauqua. The littL lake near 
 the grounds is a pleasant sheet of water. 
 
 OCEAN GROVE, N.J. 
 
 A camp-ground on the Atlantic coast, six miles south of Long Branch 
 m Monmouth County, New Jersey. The Association is composed oj 
 th,rteen laymen and thirteen ministers, and was organized Dec '"i 86^ 
 
 Ihtf rf "" n" °T •'• " '""'"' ^"^ «^^y --^' three-four hs?; 
 wh:ch are covered by a thnvmg grove of oak and pine. There are nearly 
 
 a thousand cottages or hotels upon the grounds. An inexhaustible sup, y 
 
 of pure water is furbished by means of artesian wells. The ud^tor^u i^^ 
 
 tabernacle, and young people's temple are located in the edge of e 
 
 grove, five hundred yards from the sea. Services varying in character 
 
 educational reformatory, evangelical, etc., are held dur ng he su" m"; 
 
 months. The spirit of the place is thoroughly catholic. Ihe gateHre 
 
 a ways closed on sabbath. Ardent spirits are not allowed to be sold on 
 
 the grounds, and by a special law of the State the liquor traffic Tspro 
 
 hibued for a distance of one mile in all directions. Vhe Chautlqua 
 
 uT L; w'asl:;? '' ^t '^ ^°^' enthusiastically adopted. A ChauTu 
 qua Day was held m the summer of 1SS5. Several graduates of that 
 year received their diplomas. Centrally situated between the two .ea 
 cuies New York and Philadelphia, it furnishes an admirable Teld 
 educational and religious work. 
 
 PARK BLUFF. IOWA. 
 
 b.i^"p ^r"^^' ^°"' °" ^''^ '''°''" °^ "^^ Mississippi River, thirty miles 
 below Burlington. An " Assembly " promised. ^7 mues 
 
 PIASA BLUFFS ASSEMBLY. 
 
 A ^t? ^f '^"'^^\^"«« A^^embly. in Illinois, not far from St. Louis. 
 A p ace of unusual beauty and promise. Dr. Benjamin St. James Fry 
 
 Th! C r e '!,^'f f «^;M-,-, R- Locke of Jerseyville, III., L seeretarl 
 Ane v^. 1^. ^. L. tifc nas been lighted at Piasa. 
 
 nt 
 
300 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT 
 
 PUGET SOUND CHAUTAUQUA ASSEMBLY. 
 
 Several local Chautauqua circles having been organized in Washington 
 Territory (Rev. D. J. Pierce, the pastor of the Baptist Church of Seattle, 
 having organized the first in September, 1884), it was decided to hold a 
 summer assembly; and a point on Vashon Island, midway between Seattle 
 and Tacoma, was selected as the place. Rev. W. H. Reeves of Seattle is 
 president; Rev. D. J. Pierce secretary. The point where the Assembly 
 met on Vashon Island is the property of Rev. R. B. Dilworth, for years 
 a welcome worker at Chautauqua. A series of meetings, with special 
 days, was held in 1885, ^s follows : Opening Day, Public-school Day, 
 College Day, Chautauqua Day, Science Day, W. C. T. U. Day, Mission- 
 ary Day, Children's Day, Y. M. C. A. Day. Camp-fires were held each 
 evening, bringing out much latent talent to the service. 
 
 ROUND LAKE ASSEMBLY. 
 
 The Round Lake Sunday-school Assembly, on the Delaware and 
 Hudson Canal Railway, between Troy and Saratoga, was organized July 
 16, 1878, under the supervision of the Superintendent of Instruction at 
 Chautauqua. The Assembly is now conducted by the Rev. H. C. Farrar 
 and the Rev. B. B. Loomis. The C. L. S. C. work began at Round Lake 
 in 18S0 under the direction of Rev. H. C. Farrar. Recognition Day was 
 observed in 1885, and diplomas were distributed. 
 
 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ASSEMBLY. 
 
 " The Chautauqua of Southern California " began in 1884, when a few 
 enthusiastic Chautauquans met for a two-days' encampment at Long 
 Beach, Cal., one of the most delightful seaside resorts on the Pacific 
 coast, twenty miles south of the city of Los Angeles. A meeting was 
 held in 1S85. "The Acropolis crowning that famous height of ancient 
 Athens, overlooking the waters of the ^gean Sea, was not regarded with 
 greater pride by the native Athenian than is our pavilion or amphitheatre 
 by our native Chautauquans, crowning as it does the bluffs of the mighty 
 Pacific, and overlooking the ruins and the dreamland of the Montezumas. 
 Here as nowhere else in the United States do January and July continu- 
 ally smile on each other. Here at eventide the devout Chautauquan 
 chants the hymn of his Alma Mater, — 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 301 
 
 ' God bless the hearts that beat as one 
 
 Though continents apart ; 
 We greet you, brothers, face to face, 
 We meet you heart to heart.' " 
 
 Thfi president is Prof. G. R. Crow, and the secretary Rev. S. J. Fleming. 
 
 WASHINGTON COURT-HOUSE ASSEMBLY. 
 
 On the camp-ground owned by the Methodist-Protestant Church near 
 Washington Court-house, O, an Assembly was established; the first 
 meeting having been held in August, 1885, under the direction of Dr. 
 J. E. Gilbert, now of Indianapolis. 
 
 III. 
 
 The Banner of the C. L. S. C. represents so much that is precious to the loyal 
 members of the institution, that I take the liberty to insert the address of presen- 
 tation delivered at Chautauqua on our first Recognition Day in 1882. 
 _ The Banner is carried in the annual procession at Chautauqua, and the "flag" 
 IS handed under the keystone of the arch of the Golden Gate during the passage 
 of graduates. = r s 
 
 " The banner presented to the C. L. S. C. on Commencement Day is a rich and 
 costly thing. It is made of heavy blue silk, gold fringed and tassseled, mounted 
 on a mahogany staff, with a metallic head and star. On one side of the banner 
 is a faithful painting of the Hall of Philosophy, and the legend, " Chautauqua 
 Literary and Scientific Circle," with the three class-mottoes beneath. On the 
 other side are applied two silk handkerchiefs, the souvenirs of many journeys in 
 foreign lands, on which are painted a cross and an open Bible. It bears also the 
 device, « C. L. S. C, organized A. D. 1878." Tliis valuable and beautiful stand- 
 ard is the gift of Miss Jennie Miller, daughter of President Lewis Miller. 
 Another item added to the long list of Miller benefactions to Chautauqua." — 
 Assembly Daily Herald. 
 
 On the silk flag, which Dr. A. i>. Vail presented to the C. L. S. C, are 
 inscribed he names of the principal localities in which the flag was placed, or 
 waved, or washed, during its long pilgrimage. 
 
 At 2 p. M., Aug. 12, 1882, the Amphitheatre was crowded to its utmost 
 capacity ; and, after a brief devotional service, Rev. A. D. Vail, Ii.T>., was intro- 
 duced, and read — 
 
 The Story of the Banner. 
 
 There was a time when the C. L. S, C. was in embryo, when it lay, like another 
 Minerva, in the uneasy brain of our great Zeus of Chautauqua. Many were the 
 workers who were commissioned by him to weave the garments and to fashion 
 
 i.'i 
 li 
 
302 
 
 THE CHAJTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 the adornments of this yet unborn goddess. It wis made my task to provide 
 materials for a banner, to be borne on great festal days at the head of proces- 
 sions, and to be hung on the walls of the new Parthenon. As I was to go abroad 
 on a long journey, four years ago, Dr. Vincent came to me with the wish that I 
 would purchase for him some silk suitable for a banner, that I would have it 
 inscribed with the name and mottoes of the Circle, and then made the earnest 
 request that I would bear it with me all through Europe, Egypt, and the lands of 
 the East. As it is no easy thing to stand against his will, I accepted his commis- 
 sion, and I am here to-day to tell " The Story of the Banner." 
 
 His plan for the new reading circles embraced all fields of literature and art, 
 history and science, language and travel. And it was his fancy to have a banner 
 that had floated over all the great historic lands and seas ; that had saluted the 
 great centres of education and philosophic thought ; that had been sprinkled 
 with sacred waters, and rested on the great shrines of religious devotion and 
 reform, — a banner that should be as wide and varied in its associations as the 
 course of reading he was then mapping out for your use. 
 
 In this Hall of Science it is doubtless my duty to make a clear and definite 
 statement of certain very commonplace but quite material facts as to the origin 
 of this banner. Failing to find in London or Paris a large piece of silk of the 
 size desired, I adopted the happy thought of using smaller ones that I knew could 
 be recolored and cut into letters or devices, and combined into artistic forms, and 
 finally arranged on a larger piece manufactured in New York. I purcliased two 
 of these in London from a package of Chinese silks, and two others in the bazaar 
 of Damascus. These pieces I could easily and always carry with me, and use 
 them in the most sacred and crowded places without attracting attention, as I 
 could not have done with the large inscribed banner. Afterward I obtained 'from 
 our Syrian dragoman a most beautiful and valuable possession, a silk American 
 flag, 3x4.^ feet, which had twice made the tour of Europe, Esjypt, and the Holy 
 Land, after once having passed over this continent in the Centennial year. After- 
 ward and in our company, and for the most part in my possession, it was borne 
 from Alexandria to Upper Egypt, through Goshen to Suez and to Mount Sinai- 
 back through the lands and over the seas of the present Eastern struggle, from' 
 Port Said to Joppa, and thence through Palestine to Damascus, to Cyprus, 
 Rhodes, and along the coast of Asia Minor to Constantinople; from the Bospho^ 
 rus to Athens and through Greece ; then to Sicily and Naples, and so through 
 Europe, the flag was my inseparable companion. After I had gained the consent 
 of my will to make a present of this precious treasure to to the C. L. S. C, from 
 that time forward, no slave of the ring was ever more true to his master than was 
 I to the fancy of Dr. Vincent. Sometimes with tears, and sometimes with laugh- 
 ter ; now in open exultation, and now with carefully observed secresy ; frequently 
 with the affected pity of my companions, but always in memory of the doctor's 
 request ; often when it was a burden, but far oftener when it was a joy, — I used 
 the flag, until I passed into the hands of Dr. Vincent what was to me the dearest 
 memorial of the long and happy months of my journey. Once more I salute the 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 303 
 
 ^hos°'f'olSs'nrw?' T"" "'"'r "'"^ "^^PP^ '^^""Ss and memories, and 
 whose folds now bear the names of so many of the places visited. And now I 
 a k you m fancy to form one of the party of travel, with the understanding tL 
 you be not asked to go where some part of the banner has not been Sore tl 
 And now what shall be the order of our journey ? It would be easy to gfve Tn 
 chronological order, a list of the places visited ; but this would I ^ only a list' of 
 names,and h>story has not followed the highways of travel or passed hrgi 
 one land before v.s.tmg the next. With the flag we sought chiefly to v si^ he 
 
 of history, and to be associated with that which has marked or measured the 
 wood's progress. So I shall follow a plan that will bring us in order t^t le grea 
 
 se n thTt ' "f ' "' ""'r' '''''''' ^"' '''''' ^'^^ ^P-k "Chiefly of the pfaces 
 seen that are famous m the intellectual history of the race, either as markinVthe 
 orjgmatmg or moulding forces in the developments of phi osophy arT 1 1 "atu 
 reform, and religion, hoping that in this way the banner may bec;me a soc^^^^^^^^ 
 m your minds with the noblest tiungs in the history of the world 
 
 And first we touch the soil of the three historic continents. Starting from 
 Brundusmm, once the terminus of the old Appian Way, and then as nL T 
 great Eastern port of Italy, we leave Europe,Tnd after'four days"'sa 1 we land 
 in Africa at Alexandria. From Egypt we cross over at Suez into Alia and 
 
 W rid ' rthf :•"'"' 'I' ''' °^^^ ''' '''^^ ^^-^ -"^-"ts ot h^ O d 
 
 World. A the same tin^e we have associated with the three great divisions of 
 
 he Caucasian race that sprang from the family of Noah. The Llians repesen 
 
 h^ I r r?'? "'^'■''" ''^'"^'^' °^ ^^'^ '''' «'d Greeks and Romarwere 
 
 stL fhafD Tc°r"' ^'' *r '" "^^^'^^'^"^'^ '^^ ^-* -- ^^rZSr- 
 It on of M M "'"" '''"'''' "' ^' ^'' ^°""^ i" th« ^^^liest art and civiliz- 
 
 ation of old Mycenae. An industrious, inventive spirit, an effort to realize hilh ' 
 
 ;fTaptTh'^;'^rh:'s'T ^^"^^----'^ the ;::;rn?at 
 
 B Jn.f f\ ^ ""*'' P'"'"'"'" ^' "^^^* '^' children of Shem, in the 
 
 and A t''l "'^ ""' "^''"' ''' '"S^-^* development in the Hebrew 
 
 and Assyrian branches of old. The Jew, while caring little for philosophyand 
 science, gave us the very highest development of government and re lig on The 
 Assyrian, were fond of science and the industrial arts, and gav us he most 
 varied, massive, and richly ornamented buildings of the world quarrvin. and 
 moving masses of stone that would task to the uftermost ouT Ide "7^2 and 
 art In old Egypt we find the children of Ham living among the oldest known 
 historic monuments, and in the land of their fathers Thus early has the fll^ 
 touched the springs of history, at its continental and race origins ^ 
 
 And with the flag in hand we salute the great nations of the past as we walk 
 among the ruins of their cities and civilizations. From the si Im t of tt 
 Pyran.d we look down upon more than forty centuries of history on^heod 
 art and civilization of the world. We wander among the old temples and tombs 
 
 St'onr7h?,f 'T"^*'°"^' "^ '^^"^'^ the old papyri and the' „ ifo'et a 
 Stone, that, hke a key, unlocked the mysteries of the hieroglyphics; we lis ntr 
 
 Ml 
 
304 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 the music of Memnon's lyre, and fail to catch the secret of the Sphinx ; we go 
 to the old quarries and turquoise mines, into the heart of the Pyramid, and 
 among the Apis tombs ; and in the museum of Boulak, so rich in old remains, we 
 live over again the old Egyptian life, even of that before the times of Moses. 
 
 And now we handle the old Babylonian bricks, and the older remains of the 
 libraries of a people who were the teachers of the Greeks ; we wander among the 
 old Assyrian slabs, and the winged human-headed lions ; we even handle the 
 records of their old philosophies and astronomical observations, that were 
 the wonder of Alexander the Great. We see copies — impressions in *he brick 
 — of the hymns used by the Chaldean priests, and that might have been heard by 
 Abram himself in old Ur ; and we see with wonder the story of the fall of man 
 and of the deluge written in these strange dialects, that are far older than the 
 exodus. And now we salute the old Phcenicians, whose masons and builders 
 aided King Solomon, and who left their peculiar marks on the foundation stones 
 of the walls of Jerusalem, eighty feet underground, and lately discovered, after 
 being buried 2,800 years, — a wonderful proof of the genuineness of the bible 
 record. 
 
 Next we visit Greece, the land of art and eloquence, of beauty and song. Here 
 in Mycens we salute the heroes of the Iliad, and the first growth of Greek life 
 when the Hebrew and Phoenician were at their best. And, returning from the 
 scene of Dr Schliemann's important discoveries, we pause on the site of the 
 great Greek games ; we unfurl the flag and salute the host of great men that were 
 accustomed to gather on these memorable grounds. Here the great poets and 
 historians first gave to the world the works that have made them immortal. 
 Here Euripides, Sophocles, and Thucydides were crowned. Here gathered trav- 
 ellers from all nations, and nowhere else in the Old World were such audiences 
 gathered to do homage to the men of genius. 
 
 Wc pass on to the shores of the Bosphorus, and witness in fancy the crossing 
 over of the Greek army under Alexander the Great, that conquered and H^'fcn- 
 ized the Asiatic world, so that the literature and laws of these lands we.^ 
 forth in Greek. The conquest of the language was far more important thar 
 of the mere cities and armies, for this great language became one of the nif 
 important of the providential preparations for the coming of Christianity, anc 
 the rapid spread and triumph of the universal religion of Jesus Christ. We go 
 onward to the Roman Forum, and, amid the ruins, we rest near the site of the 
 golden mile-stone that marked the centre of the Roman world. Here we stand 
 and sej in fancy, from Augustus to Constantine, the departure and return of the 
 legions, the growth of the Roman power, the majesty of the Roman law — until 
 within three hundred years Rome has become Christian, and the standards of tlie 
 army give higher honor to the cross than to the eagles of victory. 
 
 With Constantine we pass over to Byzantium, the famous capital of the East- 
 ern empire that remained so long after the break-up of Rome. And now the 
 great nations crowd thick and fast; the map changes like a grand kaleidoscope; 
 and we can but salute them as we pass from one part of Europe to another 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 305 
 
 Universri Hisfory ^"2 we 'hat 'b I h"fr;"^^" Synchronological Chart of 
 
 were able, with the flaT tTi.uT "" *'"''" ^"■°""^'^' ^« ^^^ that we 
 
 -uie, wiin tne nag, to touch some monument or ruin the wrifm„c 
 of some prominent man, of nearly every centurv frL /. ^he wr.tmgs or work 
 Egypt to our own time. But my 1 mitedTm7f u "^" °^ '^' ^''^'"''"'' '" 
 
 names; and we pass to the .reat centrt f . n '''" '^' "*^'°S"^ °^ '^e 
 
 PC..S Of the grL educ:u:Src:r::'j:;s:t::;i;r''^' ''- '''''''^^ 
 
 the soul, and immort lity and he - - '?""'' ""' '" '"^"'^^ «" ^'"'y' 
 
 thatthemen orrthns^o hated and "'. "f /'" '"'"'°^'^' ^'> -"de'' 
 follies and the fallaci of thL^^^^^^^^^ "'"'"'T' the man who exposed their 
 tHis strong, brave ^ !:l:^Jt: ^i:;:j::'t^Z^^lJ^ --^ ^r that 
 true and beautiful and good. We co over to thp ^ r u ''''° '°^^ "'« 
 
 Plato taught his lofty ideal philosoohvth.? u. ^'"T "^ '^' ^"^^""^ ""^'''^ 
 ages on religious and spec latet£^^^^^ such a profound influence for 
 
 Amphitheatre to the Hill of PhLrn t ^"'* "' ''' ^""'^ ''^^''" ^'°'^ ^he 
 
 emy to the Lyceum w"le il' le'the' St T "^ "'"' ^"^ ''•°'" "^^ ^^d" 
 atic of the phnoso^lTic thinker. ; r ^^ "' '^' ""'"' '"^ical and system- 
 reasoning, thL foTX^tl^td^sS S^^^ T""') '' ''''''''-' 
 
 realm of speculation and study mvestigat.ons of «en in every 
 
 G^::: ^z, z;::^ ti^'^^nr^s sr t ''" '-'" '-^''-^' 
 
 but all using the Aristolelian t .or es and Sets n'''"' °' ''''' ''''' 
 Bacon and the beginning of the seventZr . ' *'' ""' ""'"" *° ^^^"='« 
 
 Who led the way fo a neltetLdTlr ^-rnitte '^Hi:7 f T ^^^, T 
 ophy, his method of reasoning from fart« ," ,, "'' mduct.ve philos- 
 
 every branch of human thoult TnH n . ' ''"'^ """'^"^ " ''^^"'"t'^" i" 
 
 present period of plZso^ and sctr/ ' ""' "' ^"^ ^'^ '^^'""^"^ °^ ^^ 
 
 we stan^d on the Acro^^ r^e™ ^^d :Sl:i:':fr; J^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 
 
 :s;:^;;r ^f S':: -r :r ^;r s^^ -r ^"""^ " 
 
 beauty.- I„ the galleries of^oTe, Florence Pad ' IZTT' "' ^"'"' 
 works of this age which must ever ^e " the despa of th^ .'". '7u '"' "^^ 
 tion of the world " In the V.nVn /"^^'^^Pair of the artist and the admira- 
 
 .au«„. „..„, Lj: z Jot :: ■„" r, ,rLr ^l*" r r "■" 
 
 wond.,/„l p„i„d o( .he Renaissance. In S, Ma^l if V» V,° 1 " ""^ 
 Rome, Milan, Slrasboure rnl„,„. o , .'""'""" Venice, St. Peter's of 
 
 »e walked .a^„2 anS'ther' '" """" "' "" """" ""■«""'»• 
 how „n,ch the world owei .0 Chrt an.trrZb," f " v' ""'"'• '""'^'°« 
 painti.., and nrnslc. And St., ^o.:^^^:^ ^'Z:'^:^^^^'^ 
 
3o6 
 
 CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT, 
 
 low, flat, plain bai'kns cf the first thousand years of the Church, nut, when 
 the foolish prophoci,'!. :.f mcr as to the world's destruction had proved false, 
 then, in the firs' I nes of the second thousand years of Christianity, nearly 
 all the great cat»iec*i-.h. vv-oi" commenced, the hi.ijh hopes and aspirations of Christ- 
 ianity break t'" ' kI ,; ver Europe, and their broad, high, cruciform plans, 
 their heaven-rc> .wi •, ii'-cs, their combination of perfect beauty and strength, 
 their immense size,, al! unite to express their magnificent faith in the permanency 
 and universal triir ph >A Christianity. 
 
 At Geneva, Woims, Bonn, Heidelberg, Lyons, Paris, London, Oxford, Eton, 
 and, dearest of all, at Rugby — the Rugby of brave Dr. Arnold — we recalled the 
 work of the masters, and the immense influence of these schools of learning. 
 We laid the flag on tlie grave of I'olycarp at Smyrna, and of Jerome in Bethle- 
 hem ; and we stood by the reputed burial-places of Athanasius in Alexandria and 
 of Ambrose in Milan, the real Christian fathers of the whole Church. We waved 
 the flag with thankful joy in the Cathedral at Worms, where Luther made his 
 brave defence ; and once again on the plaza in its front where one hundred thou- 
 sand of the noblest and best of all Germany, a few years since, had gathered to 
 the dedication of the great Luther monument raised to him and to all the 
 reformers that had made possible the great Reformation. And in Geneva, in 
 remembrance of che catholicity of the C. L. S. C, and with a sort of foreknowl- 
 edge of the coming " substantial agreement of Calvinism and Arminianism," we 
 saluted with equal deference both Calvin and Arminius, At Stratford we touched 
 with the flag many of the things connected with the early life of Shakspere, 
 and saluted Burns and Scott in the places they have made famous. And then, 
 as on sacred shrines, we laid the banner on the graves of John Knox and John 
 Bunyan and John Wesley, the great heroes of religious reformation. 
 
 While not failing to recog lize the great leaders of thought along the ages, we 
 have yet to name the greatest of all. Standing far above the Athenian Academy 
 and Lyceum was the school of the greatest teacher, and on the summit of Mars' 
 Hill, where Paul taught of "the unknown God," and preached "Jesus and the 
 resurrection." His writings have had far larger audiences, and have affected far 
 more profoundly the world's thought, than all its other human teachers. He was 
 familiar with the schools and their philosophies, and he brought to the exposition 
 and defence of the gospe' all the power of human culture ; and on the hill over- 
 looking Damascus, where he was converted, and in Rome, where he died, the flag 
 did honor to his memory. 
 
 But the intellect of man has done some of its noblest work in the service of 
 reform, and it was a great pleasure to stand on the spots m^de memorable by 
 heroic devotion to principle and duty. We touched many an early Christian 
 inscription in the Vatican, and laid the flag in a newly opened martyr grave in the 
 catacombs. We sprinkled it with the waters of the spring of the Mamertine 
 prison, where Paul was confined. We saluted Cranmer and Huss, where they 
 suffered, and the brave, generous spirit of Joan of Arc, where she was burned in 
 the market-place of Rouen. We unfurled the flag along the region where Con- 
 
THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 307 
 
 stantine had his vision of the cross, and saw the letters of fire, In hoc signo and 
 rested it over the copy of the Magna Charta in the British Museum. The fla^ 
 mfolded, ,n Jerusalem, the sword of that brave knight of chivalry, Baldwin the 
 kmg ; It rested on the coronation chair, where so many of the English kings have 
 been crowned, and on that anointed stone wrought into its seat that has such a 
 wonderful history ; on Pilate's stairway, where the Reformation turned as on 
 a pivot ; m the cell of the martyr-monk, Savonarola of Florence; and before the 
 
 f?* n-M f"!!''''!"' '""^ ''''°'"' °^ ^'^'•'"^"y. ^h" "^=»de possible the translation of 
 the Bible by Luther ; before the statue of Wilberforce in Westminster. We stood 
 with f^ag in hand to do honor to these great souls, and the movements they so 
 grandly represented. 
 
 But in religious aim and work the world has had its noblest manifestations of 
 intellectual activity and power. Chautauqua is Christian ; and it will be a pleasure 
 for you to feel that the banner has been associated with the places mentioned in 
 the word o God We start with the flag at " that hour and place where history 
 was born ;" and from Goshen to Suez, where God's people crossed the Red Sea 
 on the shore where they sang their song of triumph, at Marah and Elim, and up 
 mto Mount Sinai, the mount of God, where he gave the law, we follow the steps 
 of Moses. We stand at the Jordan, where the Israelites crossed over ; at Shiloh 
 where the tabernacle rested so long ; on Gerizim, where, witnessing the Samaritan 
 passover, the flag was reddened with the blood of the passover lamb that was slain 
 hat night; from Dan to Beersheba, in Hebron and Bethlehem, on the rock of the 
 emp e and Mount Zion, in Gethsemane and the holy sepulchre, on Calvary and 
 fuf bve""' Ascension. In every place the flag was used with solemn, prayer- 
 
 Thence we passed over the places consecrated by the struggles of the early Chris- 
 tians, visiting the sites of several of the first churches, until we stood again in 
 Rome. Here, on the Arch of Titus, we trace the signs of the fulfilment of Christ's 
 prophecy of the destruction of the temple and the holy city; a little way bevond 
 we find the Coliseum that witnessed the heroic martyrdom of so many of the early 
 Christians ; and over on the other hill were the gardens of Nero, through which he 
 drove at night by the light of the burning martyrs, whose robes were saturated 
 with oil and pitch: and now, on this very spot, stands the grandest Christian 
 church of all the world. Not far away we bow on the very spot where the kneel- 
 ing priests received the papal blessing, as they were being sent forth, the first 
 missionaries, by Gregory the Great, to heathen Britain. And here and there in 
 streets in sight of the Vatican we salute half a score of small, unpretentious 
 chapels that represent the great Protestant missionary societies of the world that 
 have come to Rome to stay, and, especially our own St. Paul's, that may yet 
 become the real patron saint of Rome, as Methodism has had a marvellous growth 
 m that and all the great cities of Italy. 
 
 Thenceforward we cannot separate Christianity from the history of human 
 thought and progress. It seemed to burst, like the flames, from a score of points 
 at once, and m scores of places we saluted the rising, spreading, conquering spirit 
 of the cross, ^ o x- 
 
- ( 
 
 I 
 
 I 1 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 308 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT. 
 
 Once again we stand on the shores of Alexandria in Egypt, the place that so 
 lately witnessed the massacre of the unoffending Christians , and now, as we hear 
 the sound of England's guns, we ask, may not this be the beginning of the end 
 of the dark, cruel power and rule of MohammeHanism in Egypt and the. lands of 
 the Bible ? There, on that very hill-side where the shot and shell were so destruc- 
 tive, once stood the old Serapeum ; and, standing there with the old flag in hand, 
 I recalled that famous night of history when the Roman general, waiting for the 
 imperial orders to destroy that greatest heathen temple of the world, heard, in the 
 midnight, a ringing " Alleluia," that to him was the divine assurance of the final 
 triumph of Christianity over paganism. Would that behind the shouts of men 
 over the victory of the English fleet we might hear the grand ringing " Alleluia" 
 of the spiritual hosts that watch and wait for the final triumph of Christianity 
 that should betoken the speedy destruction of Mohammedanism I 
 
 Such, in brief, is the " Story of the Banner " and its associations, which, with 
 such beautiful and varied forms, you have adopted as your own. We do not hold 
 that the banner is either classical or sacred because of its associations. But, 
 with many, its nistory will give to it a special value, and it may fitly symbolize 
 the great movement it repiesents. If this C.L.S.C. course of study has not added 
 to your culture as specialists, it has followed the older and better idea of the 
 Greek Academy and Lyceum, that made far more of that broad humanistic culture 
 of the whole man, than of the education that was mainly special and professional. 
 These Halls of the Grove and of Philosophy are doing, in their way, not the work 
 of the colleges, but one that is beyond their reach ; and these " Athenian Watch- 
 fires " are signals to the coming time of the possibility of a true literary education 
 for the men and women who work and are too poor or i^o busy for the long and 
 special courses of collegiate study. It has already brought joy to thousands who 
 have once drank at the true Pierian spring, and felt the quenchless thirst for 
 knowledge, but kntw not how or where to gratify it. 
 
 Dr. Vincent, I have filled my commission to the best of my ability ; and I now 
 commit the banner to your keeping, which, like Noah's dove, has at last found a 
 resting-place inside of the ark of the C.L.S.C, that bears so much of precious 
 freight and hope for the future of the Church a.^d the Nation. 
 

 I 
 
 CHAUTAUQUA UNIVERSITY. 
 
 TRUSTEES. 
 
 Prtiidtnt. Lewis Millbh, Akron, O. 
 
 Vic*-Prtsid*HU. F. H. Root, Buffalo, NY. Jacob Milleu, Canton, 0. 
 
 V. D. Carlkv, Louisville, Ky. 
 
 Exieutiv* CommilU* F. H. Root. Buffalo, NY. Jacob NTiller, Canton, O. 
 
 C. Stodebaker. South Bend, Ind. J. C. Giffokd, Wesifield, N.Y. 
 
 William Thomas, Mcadville, Penn. 
 
 Trtaiurtr. E. A. Skinner, Westfield, N.Y. 
 
 Secretary. W. A. Duncan, Syracuse, N.Y. 
 
 Horace Wilkins, Cleveland,©. H. A. Pratt, Faribault, Minn. H. H. Moore. 
 
 Chautauqua, N.Y. W. C. J. Hall, Jamestown, N.Y. J. H. Vincent, Plainfield, N.J. 
 
 W.G.Williams, MeadviUe, Penn. K. M. Hukill, Pittsburg, Penn. E.C.Norton, 
 
 Chautauqua, N.Y. C. D. Fire.stone, Columbus. O William M. Clark, Liberty, Ind. 
 
 W. H. Shortt, Youngsville, Penn. J T. Edwards, Randolph, N.Y. H. A. Massey, 
 
 Toronto, Ont. William T. Dunn, Puuburg, Penn. John Brown, Brad'brd, Penn. 
 
 FACULTY. 
 
 Chancellor. ]. H. Vincent. 
 
 Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Circle. 
 
 Counsellors. Lyman AnnoTT, D.D. L M. Gibson, D.D. Bishop H. W. Warren, 
 
 D.D. W. C. Wilkinson, D.D. Edward Everett Hale, D.D. 
 
 James H. Carlisle, LL.D. 
 
 Chautauqua College of Liberal Arts. 
 Department Principals. George N. Webber, D.D. E. E. Hale, Jun., A B. 
 W. R. Harper, Ph.D. E. H. Moore, Jun^ Ph.D. W. D McClintock, A M. H J, 
 ScHMiTZ, A.M. G. M. Steele, D.D. J. T. Edwards, D.D. Henrv Lummis, D.D. 
 C. T. McClintock, A.M. R. S. Holmes, A.M. A. A. Wright. A.M. W. C. J. 
 Hall, A.B. J. W. Dickinson, Ph.D. H. W. Mabie, AM. J. L. Corning, A.M. 
 R. L. Cumnock, A.M. C, R. Wells. W. D. Bridge, A.M. Henry E. Alvord, C.E. 
 
 Chautauqua School of Theology. 
 
 Counsellors. W. M. Taylor, D.D. Bishop R. S. Foster, D.D., LL.D. Phil'P 
 
 ScHAFF, D.D., LL.D. Joseph T. Duryea, D.D. J M. Buckley. D.D. 
 
 H. M. Sanders, D.D. A. G. Haygood, D.D. 
 
 Secretary Archaological Department. J. E. Kittredge, D.D. 
 
 Deans. W. R. Harper, Ph.D. A. A. Wright, A.M. L. T. Townsend, D.D. Phiup 
 
 Schaff, D.D. Lyman Abbott. D.D. W. C. Wilkinson, D.D. J S. Jewell, 
 
 M.D. R. L. Cumnock, A.M. Hon. Carroll D. Wright, A.M. 
 
 Chautauqua Teachers' Reading Union, 
 
 President. Dr. T. W. Bicknell, Boston, Mass. 
 
 Counsellors. Prominent Educators in the several Stales of the Union. 
 
 Chautauqua Young Folks' Reading Union. 
 
 Superintendent. Dr. J. L. Hurlbut, Plainfield, N.J. 
 
 Chautauqua Town and Country Club. 
 
 Superintendent of Instruction. Charles Barnard, Esq., New- York City. 
 
 Chautauqua Society of Fine Arts, 
 
 Director. Frank Fowler, Esq., New- York City. 
 
 Office Secretary of the C.L.S.C., C.T.R.U., C.Y.F.R.U., C.T.C.C, C.S.F.A. 
 Miss K. F. Kimball. Plainfield, N.J. 
 
 General Secretary. A.M.Martin, Pittsburg, Penn. 
 
 Secretary of the C.T.J?, and C.S.L. Miss Julia E. Bulkley, Plainfield, N.J. 
 
 University Registrar, and Secretary and Treasurer of the C.S.T. 
 
 R. S. Holmes, Plainfield, N.J. 
 
 Director of the Chautauqua Press. George E. Vincent, Plainfield, N.J. 
 
Vft 
 
 •11 ■■ 
 
 * : 
 
 W' 
 
 m 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUAN. 
 
 t^ (Monthly zMagaiine. 
 Dr. T. L. FLOOD, Editor and Publisher. 
 
 THE OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE C.LS.C. 
 
 Contains required reading of the C.L.S.C. course, together with general 
 literary articles by leading magazine writers. 
 
 Special departments are devoted to programmes for C.L.S.C. meetmgs, 
 reports from circles, and copious notes on the required readings. 
 
 Subscription Price (10 numbers) $1.50. 
 
 Address Dr. T. L. FLOOD, Meadville, Penn. 
 
 Chautauqua Assembly Daily Herald. 
 
 An eight-page daUy paper published during the Chautauqua Assembly. 
 Full reports of all meetings, and verbatim reproductions of lectures, 
 
 sermons, etc. 
 
 Price per volunne, $1. 
 
 Address Dr. T. L. FLOOD, Meadville, Penn. 
 
 THE CHAUTAUQUA PRESS. 
 
 ORGANIZED AS ONE OF THE DEPARTMENTS OF 
 CHAUTAUQUA UNIVERSITY. 
 
 HEADQUARTERS, 117 FRANKLIN STREET, BOSTON. 
 
 PUBLICATIONS. 
 C. L. S. C. Garnet Seal Course. 
 
 READINGS FROM RUSKIN. 75 CTS. 
 
 READINGS FROM MACAULAY. 75 CTS. 
 
 ART AND THE FORMATION OF TASTE. 75 CTS. 
 
 LIFE AND WORKS OF MICHEL ANGELO. 75 CTS. 
 
 C Y F R U 
 
 THE MERCHANT OF VENICE. 40 CTS. 
 UNDERFOOT. 60 CTS. ^ ^ ^^^ ^^„ 
 
 A FAMILY FLIGHT THROUGH FRANCE AND GER- 
 MANY. 75 CTS. 
 
 C. T. C. C. 
 
 TALKS ABOUT THE WEATHER. 75 CTS. 
 TALKS ABOUT THE SOIL. 75 CTS. 
 
 GAME OF MYTHOLOG Y. 50 CTS. 
 
 All ot above sent, postpaid, on receipt of price. 
 
AN. 
 
 ler. 
 
 with general 
 
 .C. meetings, 
 ngs. 
 
 iTILLE, Penn. 
 
 ERALD. 
 
 ua Assembly, 
 i of lectures, 
 
 s^TLLE, Penn. 
 
 ss. 
 
 ENTS OF 
 STON. 
 
 5 CTS. 
 
 75 CTS. 
 
 AND GER- 
 
 ioe.