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Lorsquo le docurhent est trop grand pour Atra raproduit en un seul clichi, il est filmA A partir da I'engle sup^rieur gauche, de gauche A droite. et de haut en bas, an prenant le nombre d'images n^cessaira. Las diagrammes suivants illustrant la mAthode. 1 2 3 22t 1 2 3 4 5 6 Ll':( H 8LATJ V K A S8EMB L Y, IGth March, 1865. The first resolution of the Commitee of Supply was then carried. On the second resolution for $ 1 ,000,000, lor the permanent defence of the contry :— Hon. Mr. ROSE said : I feel that the duty which devolves upon the Govern- ment, with reference to this measure, is one of the most serious character. (Hear, hear.) It is one of a nature which, 1 hope, will not very often arise in this or any other colony. I think it behoves the House and every member who loves the country who has an interest in its future pros-i perity, and who has a regard for the defence of it, to strengthen the hands ot i the Government in every possible way. ^ It IS desirable that they should be enabled ! in their intercourse with the Imperial: Government to feel 'hat they represent not merely a party in this country, but the i unanimous opinion of nearly three millions ! of British subjects. (Hear, hear.) I trust, therefore, that the resolution to which the ' Governmeni are asking our assent will meet with the unanimous cod surrence of the House. The Canadian delegation to | England will have no enviable task. It is ' a serious and solemn respDusibility that will devolve upon them, and for which not only this Province but I may add the jvhole Empire, will hold them to a strict account. I say this because I feel that the vote which the Government are asking for, must be looked upon merely as an instalment, or ac earnest of what the desire and intention of this country is with reference to its own defence. It is useless for us to do anything, it is folly to undertake a part, unless we are prepared to carry out to the full extent all such mea- sures as will enable the country to be put in aa effiuieai biate of defeuco. It would be useless for us to spend— as the Imperial Ooyernment appeared, by the recentdebate m the House of Lords, inclined to do— the small sum of ^50,000 this year and XSO,. WW per aiuium for two or three succeediBg years unless the assent of that Govern- ment is obtained to co-operate with this country in that fair and liberal expenditurn for the completion of the wi;ole scheme of works, which, if they are to be of any ser- vice, must be made within the shortest pos- sible time ; and it isbecause I feel we ought to strengthen the hands of our Govern- ment in its negotiations with the Home Government upon this important question, that I trust there will be no dissent from this resolution. I believe that if the Government go to England with a spirit ofconciliation, and, at the same time, of firmness, knowing what this country is prepared to do, on the one hand, and what it is their right to demand, on the other, that we should receive that same measure of consideration from the Imperial Govern- ment which it has ever before extended to us. There is no reason to apprehend anything else. I feel, at the same time, that the crisis is very grave because of the difficulties in the way, for our Dele- gates have not only to obtain the assent of the Government of England, but they must bear their part in the work of enlightening and convincing the judgments, and en- listing the sympathies of the people of England, in order that full justice be done to us. I know the influence of that dbhool of politicians in England who affect to despise the colonial connexion and who disregard the obligation it entails, and that my Hon. friends on the Treasury benches will have a stubborn battle to fight with that school and to overcome its influence with the Government at home. In the present juncture when the Imperial Par- liament is upon the eve of a dissolution and when the government is not unna turally desirous of strengthening its hands the work will not be an easy one. I, therefore, consider it the more incumbent upon this House and the people of this country to back up the Government' and increase its weight with the Home Govern- ment in the conduct of those negotiations about to be entered upon. (Hear, hear.) There are considerations which the dele- gation fxom this country can preKat^and ot C 2 wlnVh from t!ie coiifiHcnce T have in Ihom I f'fi-l ;- iv they will pri'soiit to the jittcti- iioii i)( ihi' Jin|icrlal uiitiioritics, iiiid, if need be, to that of lh(! Ciiglisih peopK'. whicli I belicv(? will have the efiet't of oijtniriing fur ns that co-nperation on the part of England necessary for the immediate wuriis and also those assu- rances which are necessary for the fii- Une, m case hostilities should take place. It is hia:h time that an expli-. cit imdprstandin We know that the Frohtier of I he flnited Stales was brought many miles nearer the heart of this Country than it ought to have been — that the Boundary of .Maine is run almost within sight of Quebec, anil that Rouse's Point on Lake Champlain, the most im- portant ])osition as regards Canada on the Continent, — was literally surrendered and given ii|) in 184--2, although acknowledged to be within British 'I'erritory. (Hear, hear.) Well might Mr V\'ebsier in de- fending the Treaty of Washington, say that it W'S the key to Canada — that the advantages which England obtained in New Brunswick were not worth a rush in com arison to it — that the possession of Rouse's Pnivt overbalanced aJl o/hc al- vanfMges forty times told— for that the true road to Canada was by way of Lake Champlain. — Let me cpiole his words. — " Of one thing I am certain, that the true " way to Canada is Iiy way of Lake " Champlain. That is the old path. I " take to myself the credit of having said " here (Congress) thirty years ago, speok- " ing of the mode of taking Canada, that, " when our Ann rican woodsman under- " takes to fell a tree, he dot s not begin '• by lo[iping offthe branches, but strikes " his axe at once into the trunk. The " trunk, in relation to Canada, is Montreal, '• and the St. Lawrence down to Quebec : " and so we found in the Inst wars. Jt is " not my purpose to scan the propriety of " military measures then adopted, but I •' supfxise It to have been rather accidental " and unfortunate that we liegan the '• attack in Upper Canada. It would have " been better military policy as I suppose, " to have pushed our whole force by the •' way of Lake Champlain, and made a ' direetmovemenf on Montreal ;and though " we might thereby have lost the glories " of the batt'es of the Thames and of '• Lundy's Lane, and of the sor ie from " Fort Erie, yet we should have won " other laurels of equal and perhaps greater " value, at Montreal. . Once successful in " this movement, the whole countri/ above " would hare fallen into our power. Is not " this evident to every gentleman ? Rouses " Point is the beast m^ans of defending " both the ingress into the lakd, aad thd 890588 33i( 8 does not know 1 of 1782, and We know that 'd f^tatc^s was r the ficurt of have been — 2 is run ulniost 1 tliat Ronsw's the most ini- •anada on tlio rrendered nnd acknowledfred itnry. (Hear, ^'ebsier in de- flshington, say ada— thiit the i obtained in /orth a rnsh in |iosspssiori of aJl olhei al- -for that the way of Lake ! his words. — , that the trne yuy of Lake ' old path. I jf having said irs ago, speak- Cnnada, tliat, idsnian iinder- )( s not begin ^s, but strikes trunk. The a, is Montreal, .'n to Quebec : 5t wars. Jt is e propriety of dopted, but I her accidental e began the Tt woidd have jT as I suppose, force by the , and made a al;andthouf search ; led to the War tif IK1"2 — tin- possession of i Riiatan, a barren island on the Scaiih American coast, nearly involved us in hostilities — the linlisinu'nt (^uesi ion dur- ing the liiissian war — the Boiimlary Ques- tion in Uregon — the transactions at .-^t. : .Juan — the Trent affiir — the ecpiipment of the Alabama and Florida— are all Ini- 1 [lerial qii stions. [Hear, hear.] Th*' St. Albans raid and other kindred aggressions would never hav<' taken place, but with the hope of embroiling lingland in the American war. [Hear, hear.] But, Sir, when our people consider that aspect of the case, we must not be insensible to the ■ other, and the advantageous one to lis. ' We I must not forget th it the invasion of our soil means war with l-Jngland ; — that the [English flair )irotecls our cctnimrce in every quarter of the globe. The English I name protects our citizens wher-ver they are — w<' enjoy the countless and int)[)pre- i ciabie blessings of biinsr British subjects — and we must bo ready to make those sacrifices— e.xceptiiJii 1 1 and trying though they may be — to preserve those blessings, [(.'beers.] In identifying ourselves thus I with the rest of the Empire, we may I fairly ask Hn^and to pause before she : adopts a policy which must lead to its dis- I memberment— so fir at least as the Colo- i nies are concerned. If Canada is left to herself— the whole of British North Ame- rica follows. Let there be no misunder- standing about this. [Hear, hear.] The I Imperial Government may .save them- I selves the tnaible of fortifying Quebec, or i Halifax eith''r. Every shilling of tmtlay is itselfss. and if these Colonies go, and are added to the power of the United ."^tates, as they would lie— how long would Ber- muda — or even the \^"est Indies remain ? How long would British Columbia, or Vancouver remain ? England wonld be i without a Port on the West shores of the ! Atlantic, or the East of the Pacific ! (Hear, hear.) Talk of holding Quebec iaiid _Halifax. fis if they wc ri- Giliraltar and Malta ! Why. Sir, thi' thing is absurd ! You can't hold (^)ii( bee or Halilas either, I without you hold the Cities and the sur- rounding Country-and you cannot hold | these without you have the protectorate over the entire Colony and possess the U)valty and devotion of the people. [Hear, hcur.l We may also fairly ask our fellow subjects in England to reflect, that war to us' is a very diflTerent thing from what it is to them. An addition to their taxation and some derangement to their trade are what it would be to them, lo US, it means the destruction of every m- terest— the entire annihilation of all in- dustrv— the positive ruin of every indivi- dual in tne Colony-the actual presence of a powerful and hated foe— perhaps mercenaries drawn from Europe— de- solate homes, vouth and age both in the trenches and in the field-the extremities of the country exposed to rapine and phuuler— and the thou-ht of something worse than death itself present to the ima'^ination of our wives and children, it not a real horror ! Whoever has seen Virginia or Kentucky, or Tennessee or those Countries which are the actual theatre of war, can form but a faint notion of what the actual presence of war in- volves. I would ask our fellow subjects in Lngiand, to consider what the presence of an overwhelming force in Surrey— or Hampshire or Lancashire would be.—and to make their case ours. [Hear, hear.J What would they— what would we be willing to "^ay in the way of money, if we could prevent war being on our soil, it we could avoid the presence of hordes ot a lawless soldiery 1 Why, there is not a man among us who would not be willing to purchase it at the price of his entire substance. [Hear, hear.] But Sir, 1 repeat that we have no right to ask the neoi>le of England to consider these things , unless we, at the same time, giye /!»« | assurance-that if England will but stand by us, we are prepared to make any sacri- fice, in men or money-that in fact the present generation here is ready to tore- go to a great extent the pursuit of material Idvancement-tomake the defence of the Country their first object, and money making and prosperity i" o^^^'' ..^^^^ subordinate to the sterner work of military life. [Hear, hear.] We must do that. The time for professions is gone by ;— we must realise to ourselves the necessity of making sacridces and immediate and Ir^st- ing ones too. [Hear, hear.] But i may be asked what is pmctically to be done ? I answer this. Let the two Governments first settle what is necessary to be done-- let them next weigh in a spirit of fairness all the considerations which specially offecl Canada, and those which concern the Empire, and come to an understanding what proportion of the expense we are to contribute ! Dont let us be too grudging or exacting about this, whether " is <» t''; a third, a half or two thirds. It is far more important that the people of England should feel we are cordial and liberal, earnest and ready .-than that we are close and bargaining in a matter on which depend the preservation of our na lonal Ssings. [Cheers.] That point being arrived at, let there be no delay, biU et cordial co-operation take the P ace of what has hithertcJ been mistrust. «i'j how it .s asked 1 Isthe money to be raised? Canada is already largely in debt and heavily taxed The English manufacturers, and the English presscomplainofour duties on imports, declare that the colonies are only to be regarded in the light of customers, and that we are useless in that relation because we tax their productions. In this again, I repeat, we are misunder- stood ; and our delegates should lake pains to place our exceptional position before the minds of the English people. We are largely in debt it is true, and it has nearly all been incurred since the union twenty-five years ago— the begin- nine, I may say, of our history. But what EL" it been incurred for? We found a country which, of all countries in the world, required that its natural capabilities should be developed. We had two courses open tons : one, to sit down quietly ;-till the soil and fish the seas,disregard progress, and be a mere agricultural and tishing population, neither increasing in number, lior wealth, nor power. The other course was to set to work to construct canas and railways, open up roads, build lignt- houses and harbours, subsidise steamships, construct slides to get the products of the forest to market, get rid of the seigniorial tenure, establish municipal institutions; and in short by entering on a determined and bold policy, to nnticifate by a century at least, the re>ources and the natural de- velopment of the country. (Hear, hear.) Jut it may be done 1 /ernmeiits je clone — of fairness specially h concern erstanding we i\re to grudging r it is to be It is far of England nd liberal, ve are close on which ur national point being lay, but let ace of what ut how it is 2d1 Canada nd heavily cturers, and lur duties on lies are only f customers, hut relation uclions. In e misunder- should take nal position ;lish people, is true, and ;d since the —the begin- y. But what We found a tries in the il capabilities d two courses quietly . ;— till gard progress, I and fishmg g in number, 3 other course istruct canals s, build light- se steamships, roducts of the the seigniorial I instiuitions ; a determined e by a century ;he natural de- (Hear, hear.) Sir, as Englishmen, and following the instincts of our race, wo disdained the easy and comfortable course, and unhesitatingly entered on the hardy and energetic work of immediate progress. (Cheers.) In this we had the cordial co-operation of our French fellow subjects. (Hear, hear.) But these works required money : we had none of our own, and we have had to bor- row some $67,000,000. But as the House well knows, the undertakings I have men- tioned represent every .shilling of this debt. It has not been incurred unwisely or improvidently. Let me ask those who say we have been going too fast — that we have been over-running the con- stable, to consider what we would have been if we had taken the more easy course? Would we have had a popula- tion of nearly three millions today? Would England have had a power on this continent that could afford her any assistance what- ever ? Would she have had a great and growing community here, whose co-opera- tion she is now not ashamed to place some account on, and which, indeed, she is a little too disposed to consider strong enough to stand alone ? (Cheers.) The wisdom of the past is too apparent. Well, sir, the interest on this debt must be met ; and it is said we ought to have done it, and to do it now, not by duties on imports, but by direct taxation. It ought to be understood once for all, that our customs tariff is a revenue necessity. It is said we discrimi- nate against English manufactures. This is an entire mistake. "Why, sir, we have been accused by the Americans of/a; ->?//•- ing English as against American goods ; and they have urged this as one of the rea- sons for abolishing the Reciprocity Treaty. (Hear, hear.) I would just like to ajk those who say we ought not to depend on customs duties, but on direct Taxation to show us how in a new Country like Canada, — sparsely peopled— no realized incomes, — it is to be collected. Let Mr. Gladstone,— himself come here or Mr. Cobden, and point out how we can meet our liabilities except by relying in a main degree on customs and excise. Our revenue from cus- toms and excise is about $6,000,000. Of that we collect from duties on Tea, Sugar, and Coffee about $1,700,000, we collect from Excise on Spirits, Beer ami Tobacco about $600,000 ; from stamps about $150,- OOO.and the rest is by an undiscrimlnating ad valorem duty on imports from whatever part of the world they may come. (Hear, hear.) How unfair then is this cry among the Manchester and Sheffield men of a differential protective tariffugainst their in- terests. Let them consider our necessities : We have lately impt)se(l a Stump Tux ; — and I hope my Hon. friend the Finance Minister will extend it— and follow it up by other taxes of a like kind tending to direct taxation as the progress and cir- cumstances of the Country will enable him to do ! !— But hereti.fbre that has been impossible. We ought to explain these things to the people of l^ngland, who are not unjust nor uureasonnble, and it is at the present time most important that the remnant of the feeling on that point should be removed. (Hear, hear.) Sir, I have no fear but that if the Canadian Delega- tion approach the English Government in this spirit and with these feelings — we shall be met in a corresponding way. (Hear, hear.) It is one thing for irres- ponsible writers and critics t() discuss the expediency of retaining or throwing off the Colonies by arguments confined en- tirely to considerations of profit and loss — to the balance sheet in fuct. But it is another when they come to be practically applied by those who are ri sponsible for their acts to the Ciown and to the people of England. (Hear car.) I do not b- lieve that any Minu. y that could be formed in England would venture to pro- pound, as a practical question to be sub- mitted to the approval of the English people, the abandonment of the Colonies. We have a practical illustration of this fact in the speech of Lord Mulmesbury the other day. Look at his speech last year, to wh ch the 2\mes devoted a leader, and compare it with that mads lately in the House of Lords, in which, in stirring language, he denounced as absurd and trifling the amount the Government pro- posed expending upon the fortifications of Quebec. That noble Lord stated that what he meant was that England should furnish this colony with every military supply necessary, and then look to Canada for the men required to defend Ihe coun- try—that to the latter, on this condition, England should supply all the armaments, ships, material of war, and so forth, re- quired for the (U fence of this Province. Wp find 'his noblcriiii) so i|)uthftic iM-fort' when dun^er now really threatens, th»' first to holii the English Government to a strict and solemn account for the defence of Canada. I l)Hiieve it will ever he tlins in England with the nm- jorily of lier statesmen and |>f'o|)lc. 1 di> not (hiiy liiut thcie are very griive ditHiuiltics to be con.sidered a this junc- ture hut that is the greater reason why the hands ot liie (toviTninent shmil i be strenglheneil so lliut they may be able to speak pli'inly and iirnily and with the care without hiimilintion or war. The duty of Canadians to their own country is Vi ry plain indeeil, if the [)eople of {'England rediKc to give them distinct guarantees that, under certain conditions, they will givi; them the whole aid of money, men and ships that is retpiired. But those ari' implied in the very fiiet of suzerainty of till' Cniwn. It must, how- ever, be made known — if it be nut p.lain to every Englishman, that the abainlon- nient of Canaila implies a surrender of Hritish Columbia, of new Hrunswick, Nova >cotia. Prince lulward, Newfound- united voice of ihe wlinle people, when i land, if not also the West India Islamls. tliey go to England to confer res|)ccting j Many bitter Werds, written and sjioken our tlefonce As 1 understand this vote it: here, rankle in the breasts of Canadians, is taken for this pnrp ise — as an earnest of j and I have quoted the words in whicii a what the |H^ople of Canada are prepared to ; Canadian statesman lias placed before do ill liehalf of theuiselves — that in refer- i Englishmen the terrible consequences ence to any (air scheme that may be dis- , which Canada may suffer from war. cussed, and respecting any fair conclusion ; because she isa part of tlie Hritish Empire, which maybe come to by this country engaged in aqtiarrel, on Imperial grounds, and England, Canada is prepared to bear with the (juvernmentofthe United states, her lull weight of responsibility. I do not i We do undoiiljledly owe something to understand this vote as meaning that we I Canada, from the bare fact that for many are toex[)endone million of dollars merely 1 years she resisted temptation and remained as u coiitribuiion towards any particular i under the flag, unmoved by the lilandish- defensive works; but this, that the Cov- ! ments and threats of the United Mates, nment, on going home, can say — the people .In my poor judgment, the abandonment of Canada are serious in this matter, and i of Canada would be the most signal as an earnest of what they are prepared to irinmph of the principle of democracy, do for defence, they have armed us with \ and the most pregnant sign of the deca- authority at once to s'pend money for this ! dence of the British Em[)ire, wiiich could object, on condition that a correct under- i be desired by our enemies. No matter standing be come to with reference to the future entire system of defence, and that all those anterior misunderstandings which by what sophistry, or by what expediency justified, the truth would creep out through the fact itself that we were retiring, as have existed between the two countries ! the Romans did, from Britain, Gaul and should be brought to an end. While on i Dacia, but th it the retreat would be made this point I trust I shall be pardoned if 1 1 m the face of united and civilized enemies, refer for one moment to a little work just ' and that the sound of our recall would published from the pen of one of the most i animate every nation in the world to popular and graphic writers of the day : j come forth and despoil n». As yet and one who has always taken a fair, just, i there is no reason for such a pusilla- and practical view of the colonial relation nimoiis policy." (Hear, hear.) and who understands well the real feelings ' I have said, Sir, that I am not insensi- of the English people, I mean Mr. Russell, ble to the difficulty of getting the home He says : — " In the face of very frigid | Government at the present juncture, on warnings from the press, and very hike- : the eve of a General Election — and natu- warm enunciations of policy from her ' rally anxious to conciliate a certain caiss;-- best friends, Canada had some reason to : to deal with this question as promptly and fear that there is a secret desire to let her i liberally as the real emergency demands, slide," and that nothing would please j But it is all the more the duty of our re- England so which placed much as a Provi happy chance beyond nee presentatives to place before them th(: I real facts, respectfully but candidly and vur. Thfi Lioiiritry is people of 1 distinct :on(iJtioiiN, )le aid of rt'ip tired, ■ry I'.ict oi" list, how- '. nut I'.liiin aliiindun- reiidiT of iriinswick, Jewfuiiiid- a Islands, id s|i()kon /anadiiins, 1 wliicli II ed before iseqiierices rom wiir, sli Empire, il grounds, ted States, lethiiig to for many Iremitiied blandish- ted Mates, indonment ost signal einoeracy, the deca- liich eoiild SJo matter xpcdiency ntthruitgh etiring, as Gaul ami li he made d enemies, call would world to As yet a pnsilla- )t insensi- the home nctiire, on -and natu- aincalss;— )mptly and demands. of our re- theni the ididly and firmly. They should he told that for years past, party diffieiilties have prevailed in Canada, whieh Inive prevented the true feelings and sentiments of the people from being nnd.'rslood— (jr their praetical readiness to defend lliemselves being evinced :— that now liowever we Inive a strong united government which has no fears for its own existence m proposing that outliiy and undertaking those mea- sures wl)ieh are necessary :— and that • we are now ready to enter on negotiations by which all future misunderstanding shall be avoided. They shoiddalsobe told that there is a dee{) and'abiding spirit of fer- v.ntK.yiiltybolh to the Crown and Consti- tution here, which is sensitive to, or has sometimes been wounded by the tone now and then taken towards us at home— that there is serious daiiger, that the notion that England wishes to get rid of us will sap that principle of loyally — not in Canada alone, but in all British /America— that we are iireparcd--not in words merely, hut practical(||f»-to make any sacrifices to maintain our connection with Kngland. — They should be told even more strongly than Col. Jervois hap told them, that danger is imminent— that the country is utterly defenceless, and that Canadians could not hold it 24. hours— they should aboveall be told that in caseof war we shall need the whole strength and all the resour- ces, not of Canada only, but of the wiioie Kmpire, and that these must be given un- grudgingly as before : they should be asked at once to take care of :,,. Lakes, and lo send a flotilla of the sj aner ciu.^s of gunboats thut are now laid uj) useless in Portsmouth. [Hear, hear.] H there is pro- per cooperation between the twi. countries we need not fear the result: at all events. England may be a sured we will sacrifice our last man, spend our last shilling, and defend the 1 st inch of ground, if she is but true to us. (Cheers.) But she must not grumble if we are compelled, for these purposes to impose taxes on ourselves, even by plncing duties on all imported mer- chandise, unless she would have us break failh with the public creditor. Let her examine for herself anrl satisfy herself, that this way of viiising a revenue in this country is,