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IV t^r ^^j^mf'^ f •i. ■ "^^^ti A IS t" •• •■'' ■; • < / 4 \ y In 'y ' < A '■#■< .^'•1 #♦ ,»t=' . • f . ■ .^f''' TO rm UBERJL PAVROks OF THS^ y ■ ■•-• ' ■ y «■■■ •■.'•■; -"ci/^i' ."«'»t i* ol ' Steam-Vessel "CwfJVjfDjf.'V .. ••■*■ ■«; ■I i- . . i ■ ,•/ ' To yon I addrew lhei« (*w pfif^ef from hiiinble nbtlitiet, (ruling they will be recwived, withoat reference to tlieir meriti, aa well meant endeavours to propoxate uaefal information: to' stimulate Enterprise in the more general ijmploy- ment ofthe Stefim-vessel: and lastly, to lay be- fore my readers the principles upon which I modeled the ** Cahada." And whilst proudly flat- tered by a list of Patrons, wherein the Legisla- ture, the Bench, the Bar, the Learned* and th liberal professions^stand so eminently conspicuous, whilst the whole commerce of Niagara, and the Towns at the HeQ'd of the Lake, promote with spirit, the most efficient of all water conveyances, I much lament, Ihut I am not equally supported by the mercantile interest ofthe Metropolis, although the Town of York, directly: or indirectly, reaps all the benefit of her construction. A friendly and liberal support from that respectable body, would be bighly gratifying to me, and, I am sore, profitable to them. I canndt conclude without ■• # 'wi % ^^' ■^ "^,^'^ ^ ib A« liltfwl Polrwu tf DU AMMi-r«*Mf "CANADA.** pMticuIarljr acknowledgitig my debt of gnititud** to a few, ofcr to be venerated i^ividualt, who were the first tp patroiiUe mj eildeavoura. The Warm loteredtl feel lo make fomc^ return for •uch lUiidneM, the eligible route la(^ down for th« ** Car A0A,^ amalgamated mjself in the prosperit j •f the Boat; with •ocb a profpect, and iiacli itimulanta lo peraonal eiertion ; let me not fail io mttmir i toimot feil in Bacceia! 1 have the honor !• sqbachbe myself — ^^ —■-, — . WaiEMOf, Y«a)r aiMt o Wd i m liHaUt Scrraat, KUQH mCUAR0SON. r* \*> ^ t ■ ■^ ■fST A"'^ m „ •% ''h^i-tftor. i" "i^^r^-'^^-L, ■MM* fPifP r----- -1 'V*^' I ^^'.ji '■■(.4j^ flTEAM NAVIGATrOIf ON 1.AKE OJVTARIO. 31. HERE hn n» doubt imii^ penioiw more nhW an m/Mlf to «nlar|^ upon this tubject ; hut t*inc^ I have InJken ma active |Mirt in it, I mm more imme* d lately anxiooa to imjprett upon tb« miiidi of ray readers, and tbe pubuc in general, tbe paramount excellence of tbe agency ot iteam ftr the purpo-^e of navigation. For what can we conpare in the annals of «autioal itoprovementa to the pr^4Mit« Dorel and ^lopendoua attainment of having shaken off our depiMidance on the nncertain wind ? How incalculable the advantages of this discovery, of betojg able to transport the largest ships in a di- lection never before imagined, against wiikl, sea, and current ! It seems as if God, admitting Man in participation of divin^g|^pn^ence, had given Dim an element of his Ml, and said, *^Qo\ take thou this at thy command, with it thou shaH tra-, terae every seatthoo shalt neither wait for winds, nor dread the stona i-^y power shalL exceed my power, Ihy element vanquish my elements, the most intricate channels shalt thou explore undid* ed by AM. The winds shall Mow in stormy cur- rents, in the coDstant trade, in doe monsoon peri- od, or the fierce tornado : yet thou, waving thy sceptred trident o^r the main, shall pasfi unaid- edi unobstmcted !** The mind ciui scarcely dwell upon the wonders of this inventic^it without being stifluied with the imageiy of poet^ : without feef- ^ ■^' Af *« ,tki ~ I ■■■■■II L'i m '^¥ P mUkM HAVICATIOll , . ing (}ie •ublimitj of iUi own composition t witfiotift ronr^PAsinfi; the iimnartalily of thut ag^nc^, lh«t fo\iU\ crt'Htc ftjid dtrrvi n power, to which I ho riemrnli thomielrw fiv« pUde. Tho dincovery of the CopemicMi lystooi, Ibe invention o( th« i'rcMi, thfi nppKcation of ihe Sl«»arn-Kn((in* to tho purpoflM oMiavifAtion. are coochw ciiemvi'd upon thetahlHn of el**nHty. And whon human e«i»- t^nce ilwill he awept from the fii<^ of tl»e ^rth, ibey will stand rrconlcd to more ethorcjil |K)wcrti, ai the hrond encronchraenhi of u« sublutiarjr be- ingi on iliYJiie fMiinuHiiitiM?*?r ^ Deii<:ending from thii atraki, let oi eiamine (he intrintic vftloo of tho Steam Vetiel. True, iti prime coat is a little more, and it it iMvigntcd at Homcwhat greater expenae than a aailiiig one of the same aiae. But look at their comparative aii«- ceptibilitir of profit. Suppoae each to receive full freight ofcither goOda or paaaengera every trip^ The one ia constantly going, the other waiting or obstructed. The one haa the agent within itself, the other dependant on the wind. It ia thia au«* ceptibility, Ihia power of accoropliahing in th« Steam-veftael, aa m machinery, that is discovered by tlie intelligent and enterprising, aa the j«wel of excellence! For, if, according to Adanl Smith« all riches are but the aigna of accumulated labour, every invention that will increase this aggre- p;ate in a given space, is a certain in8trum«i»t to the accession of wealth. From England's machi^ ncry sprang the vast sinews of War, that held th« world so long nt bay ; and England was, as a nation what many iiidividi^*ly ore in commerce, enterprU sing frofn superior intollii^ence. And in that she 8lill aiamU |»aramount, for at thia preaent roomen^, .r - ' X.. i 4^ \ •■'■ _.- 1. ^ ^»^* one tiir imm#»fiM> uiMlifrtfifelrig, she i.'nl)oia In .^ eirtrj M>a with her tleftin vrwrli Oyj^ CQ. • trail*, wm.^^, «rchipcUgo«! mrel^ n.ii«.d, or i|. g..t.«„, where tie wiiuj too oAen, proved a trend. ril« iU^m-jihip will bi. ««eii tlir,.«dl„K in nmoL bcabandoneilhjrjhe homeward bound • th« T- J*lm latitude, no lor^er l*arricr., ami K»ro„« „ ly iH. arcuoinangated fro.u St. Fetei^burgT |Z ' Knee a.r({;;r ^r ™r ''^^"^•^'""^^''•"'^ ^ uismnce, and fuel. For the purpoaea of Wm fe^fiV^A ""*/ P^«»«-^0 the .^m-vesaol";-* terrifir. Ai a batteir, aa a fiw^nm n- « . «K- T?' .V *^"h€r contend inir nortr In tl»e preaimt case ifl predict that the f^iZlL- in run as a Packet betwi.t V^rL U ^¥^»»a to liead of the Lake wiU hi u \ .'"'^"f"' ""*^ ^'•'^ «.ucceM; if I nl.nl.r '»"ende«l with complete - toXTe^whS w rad".*s^r r^^ ^'p~^'^ ^=*T?- -M,l 4v ti \ ^l'*^' i ^.' i# *-.*. > ,' 1^^ Lucnt iorreai^e of traffic th** '^^«'*»^^';^^ . wiOi fttcility of intercour«J. Added to the.*, he hi£ and generu! patronage aUending hjr, and ♦W Xl corvictio..: thai * ''"tl^'^'^tlnSo.fed ^anifor th*- desired endn ^H«^^»"«J»r»'*^'«^J geqgrnphlcal position, I will djrf- » far M to Lf ncS one oV tho.« remarkabfe .«>"^*r ;/ "^ mate proBl inevitably inBured b; lU I mean ^ Wellaiul Canal. Here it sate ittelf down in tftf cene of Upper Canada, in ^^c ceiUre^of an j«. mense tract oV country, not exceeded in ferttlitj ZZ in America, bJtwixt^two ^^-^^ f^*«;^^ already commercial Lake. ^ and, at the cog*- palatwe tr^ttn^g exj>en.e of a few -^^ ^^% ^ Virtually assumes iKe consequence <^a can^^ ^ some huiKlreds, stretching its arms ^^^ ^J*^^ to Detroit, and even levying its cojrtnbaUons oa^ -the commerce of the shores fr7j^V^X,2 Lake Huron. Thus, as ominous to V^^V^^W^ u^hail the formation of high roads «•<» n^^^JJ^te , cLb, those grand arteries of c.ix.uU.0^^^^^^^ with their numerous ramifications dwtribute,m (he flux and reflux of commercial intercoursMh^ Lcalthlul deposit (accumulated 1»J^«0,^>^^^^ wealth to the country, growth \«/^« ^^'r^^^^ vigour to the stote. 1 will now attempt a lew prafr Uc^Tl « d theoretical deduction, to shew the prj^ ^ c'ples upon which I think all ^^^^^l^^^J^^^Z Lake,onght to be built, aiHl upon which pnnciples the *' Canada" is modeled. . • 4 Slcam^boat intended for a nf er, e^<* *«*^ upon a smooth and level pl.ne, « bes^'J^^J^J^ Vfien tuperficini, to come im cootici »8 WUe W l^wsible with the re9istin| floiov^^ ^ J:^ '^'^ ' -*!■■■ *..] iiiai * T :^t^' ■ z-yifiimmitym^ffmk-^ I 1 r I w :fe^ m . ■i't ■ »♦ »■ *'^ 4)] HI pi;l' 911 LAKt ONTARIO. f A Slftam verarl Tor thelnke having to ««noount^f Hn Ui> V. Hf* ■\\ : W'C. A Steam-ressel for the Lake should be narrow. «.]SrK'**^* ^""'"l «**** breadth of beam, to |iWpport thaw under the preiaure of their masta :|i J^en crowded with sail The same description ^^jfveMds, ,f bj anj accident dismasted in afseitl - waj, become ettremelj hboorsome, rolling very I is adapted for carryl^ig much saU, tb« greater tw ^Ijpropensitj to roU without them. *-## S^ : I ■■ .1", . M t.: ^h A Steam-vessel not required to Mnr mXL an^ Wing 00 sails fit to keep her side doin, shoUW HL"TTn*'^.'^"T' •■ well as deep, fiM|Bd«d tiponthefollowmg theory of rolling. 5 -W^T li. w^"*r5' *■ no**»«« more than the fcndeneV of tll^f »Lf T""* ^•'^^ Perpendicular t7tha fh!^f i^?""**?' •^ of coiOTi^'^rpendicular !• the inchoation of eterj ma^e. Ahd that a rollinr rf^ip it^not one Inclined to oscillate orsSy^ ^e water, may be inferred from the well kn/wn act to seamen, that the broad flat bottomed ret. i*fj-.. \ ■ >«• /T i. : ^ ••K'-l 10 •TEAM KAVtdATN»» ■ol, wliich rotU heavy in a beam wa, can with dif-' fictilt J he made to tallf in unootli water. That the narrow, deep, and aharp one, that ii eaailjr careened or aaUied in iinootli water, rolU le«» and easier in a sea tlian the hroad one. The prin- dples upon which Ihej act, I conceive to be thii. lioth vessels pcrrorm the same operation in a giv- en space, that is betwixt two waves. Thd nar- row and siiarp one from her facility of careemnp, is longer in rocoveriiig herself, more languid in her motion, and thus she never patches the full declivity of the wave, which has somewhat aubsu ded, t)efore she is prepared to fall over. Not so with the broad and flat veisel. From every ele- vation she quickly declines, and falling down broadside plunges* gunwale in, and by her strong tendency to preaerve her perpendicular, isassud denly recalled, to rej»eat tike same operation on (!)• other side. Thu* the broad vessel by its quick motion, calces the wav^ in its greatest ele- vation; whilst the narrow and iharp one, moving slower loses much of it (For be it understood that the waves arc merely a rising and felling of water, with very little transition, except where they meet the ground, they then form what is call- ed broken water and roll over.) An approach to the action of each particular vessel, may be ex- emplified in the following way. Take a long and flattish pi*e of wood something like a stave, throw it into the agitated water; you will observe how rapidlr it follows the motion of the water in all its inclinaUon, plunging •Itemately each aide, in this is the rolling vessel ! Take the eame piece of wood, load one edge of it to as jutl to make it swim with the other ?dge up; throw it again into the same agitated ifeftter : you will sm it oscillate I I*, M 'J I ■ . I K ■ _.^- { 1(1 at »T mn in- lit. iv- ar- 1 111 full I »n ylc )wn on lU I on ite ele- nnff lood igof here call- :hto ;andl tare, icrve in all e, in fceof ke it a into ' filiate ' I I 1 , > •■ vi^ ■ ,:"''^^ 1 ii ' iLj'^^''"Jii?^'3jftj 4 / ■ ■ • on LAKJB •IVTAiia u 'with an •air pftnduloutt motion, tierer tfipping iti tnpriidtMi. 'hiiH is the eiwy ventel ! TheHO»are the eittemef ; and ai we approach, or recede ifom ei- ther of the models we tncrcavc or decrease the teiidettcjf to what is called lahotiniome rolling, it mutt be obvious that a ship roll» upon l#r keel an the axis of her motion, and not upon an imngi- narj Kne running fore and aft in the deck : for at well might 'we suppoiic the eun to revolve rou d the eurtn in its appiirciiji diurnal - motion, m that the keel and dead wood^ofa Te'ssel should becar- Hed through the water with immense efibrt, to wo^ duce an etu^ct, whic^ is done without any enbrt at all by the boat or ship, mechunicallj following the inclination of the wave in its natural tendency to preserve its perpendicular. And yet, it is updn this latter supposition alone that bilge keels can be pat upon a boat to prevent rolling. And I conteud, that as bread tt]« and (what is called in sea terms) stiffness, constitutes the heavy rolling ship, by sinking the d it bottotae'l vessel in the water, we ^bttt increase the evil by augmepting her stability, and depriving her of all inclination to careen or sally, wnich llook upon as the very antidote that a sharp arid tender vessel applies to the motion of the sea to diipinish its ettect I have, been thus prolit on the subject ajs rolling is the great evil of steam-Vessel^ and, therefore,! think it constitutes a part of the science in bailding Steam-boats, to counteract as much as possible this disagreeable pro[iensity. / ■;■:''':.,;■>- ;,':' ' --■^'^'^./''-^^i.''- '■ Length it ancither requisite for »nea»y sea-boat. - -This property cannot be so fxtcnde'' in tlie sailing-veescl as in the Steam boat, ^ecause the ) «>■ ■% !<* "■ ", ',*'! - 9 ' i- ■■■M 1 '.■,-• MMH It ITKAM IIAVMtATieN ibmjer it requim! to tack aiul wrar in moderate' cirrtet; but lh« latter not baviiig occaaioii to work or beat to Windward, majr profit of this qualiAea- . tfbn to aGOfisiderable degree. The theory oC a lonjr veMel being eauieat in a tea ia this. T!j« Ijif er the ship, the lesa affected by the motion of the water. A boat is tossed about where o ship it not moved : and the spiail ship is afTecled by a sea . *' **»«^P^*<«i»c line of battle ship scnrcel/ no- tices. The Columhuit, ami Baron Hoiil'rcw buiJt in Quebec, were the vesnelt entitled to in theory, , and have had in practice the least motion of any ^ips that ever crossed the Atlantic. And wh?> Because thej were the largest! S^uppose for in- stance, a thip could be constructed so vast^ that the most tremendous sea of the Ocean, compar- ed with hertise, would only be as the ripling of «, River to a Frigate : would not such a vessel cir- cumnavigate the ^lobe unconscious of the agitl- tion of the waters in their greatest fu^ ? Thenice It iollows that aiae to a pertain extent, it a requisite for a steam-packet on the lake, V>»>d«cinf bj her easier motion, to the more effectual stroke of the paddle, Ihe lest friction of the engine, the more efficient progrett of the Boat, and (though finally of pnme cootideration.) the greater comfort of ^be passeugert. Below a certain tise, 1 am certain Steam yetaeb on the lake cannot be, to be profita^ ble, the numerout &iluret they mutt make, their incettant liability to damage, wouJd more than counteract any advantage on the score of econo.' my. And my opinion it, that a tii;iall tailing vessel It lar taler than a small Steam- boat iu a tea. will no# say a Word regarding the form of ves- •cla botioipg. In our firtt ignorance, au^ I be- /I i ' I>*^] •**«*. \ .. '! »"-, 1 , t 11 1 --.^ • J, ^ .^ i. on L4U'orr^iM. •4»v llcTP in ourprp»«»iit ignonmnA of titfe reiiiUn«« of noiicln.Htic tluidit, we have been. «iid hc utill are oMiged to nature for aMintaiice, who ever, aitU uii* deviatinjHj adapts her meaiia bent to her eitdn. We Ae« the fish with facility make its wtky tlirough the h^uid element : aiid knowing none better, nnd no tbru) io guod for this purpoae. we wiseljumitste it, a» much as is consistent with the requisHes of buoy^iicjr, and those of carrjing weight and sail as in a shin. We make the Jiead aHte, the •hould<^r8 fttlK and thence tapering awaj 6netj to ^Ae taU^ 0r ftfiMeF, we give to the water the fuH tide ofpower to act upon that instrument of steer! ing. For buoyancy we look to the water fowl. Here we have the full round bow, the round flat bottom, where this requisite is most wanting as in the floating light-?essel, h«re is our model, we would plan her upon the duck principle at both • I will conclude with a short essay on the model, which I conqeive the best adapted for a steam- packet on the Lake, and more particularly for crofising it, the sea being generally from the Ea^t, or west. When 1 first undertook to get one up for this service, I naturally looked round me, not for theoretical works that I might not understand, but for practical results upon which to found my theory. And when I called a meeting of the stock- holders, 1 read a short dissertation (of which this is a paHVon the form of a steam-vessel that I con- ceived the most effective for Lake service as a packet, at the same time remarking, that 1 was not prepared to say whether my conceptions put jii •lecution, wouH warrant the eipcnse. Since when, the stock which I contribyted mvscif, the u - ■'« , for ihe purpose intended! nor one more capHcioMS for tier tonnag*. I »M deairovs geialenten should eiav.tiMP her wBilal on the stocks, theonljr opportunity thej may ever have of seeing the essential part of her form. / * Upon theaforesaid principles, and with the follow- ing model in view 1 gave her dimensions. A Steam- vessel for sea or lake service, is a sea row boat lo jid could we bring the buckets to net all times vertically, we should attain, I think, the summit of peHiection -~ Smuggling and privaleering have produced both the jnstest sailing, and the fastest rowing vessels on sea yet constructed. Amon^^t the latter I sought my model, convinced that in all sea service whuit answers upon a small scale will do infinitely better upon a large; upon the principle before men- tioned, that the larger the vessel the less nflVcted by the motion of thip sea. I state for the sntisliic- tion of those gentlemen who are acquainted with it, tlie Deal boal or gig. This boat is extremely long, narrow and sharp, about half its breadth in depth, sharp in the Bo ', little rukc in the stem, ^ lT* 4A \ 41* L4M OMTAIIia. ¥^ SboimI In htr midthip (bofn ©r <>Md Uai, like the belly of « fish, and (hen runt awaj a grrat leiurth with(b« ntmoal 6nenetf to her rudder. When light or«empU« from Ihe delioacjr of her build, the U « mere feather in the water. But with fire men ifj Unr, a few Gin-kegs« or a few •tone* theae fi?U lowi will go «flr to a ahip in the Downs, row •• gainst a head tea or even cross the channel in nU most anj wealher. Neceisitj. in their perilous business, had so ransacked invention lor the very finest model, and time has so ptrfected it, thst I think nothing ran go bejrond \t Slw is so eioul. •ite m her form for elegance, m Io remind you of wh*t the Italian grey bound is as a dog. Great length If necessary to produce this fineness, an 4bMoiute requisite for fast ro#ing. I will just in- •laiice as the swiaest river boat yet cinsiructod. the London wherry Diametrically opposed to the other, she i^ so delicately superficialas scarce ly to touch the water, yot at each end nhnrp as a needle, lighthe s, l»uoyancy. elegance itnelf ! fi» her element, pericction! At sea, useless' FK ijally 1 have not pone to extremes in-the "Cana- dH and planned her emcily upon (he model Inid down{ but It has been my leadiW mark, and tl.al the stockholders may not think I have taken the Hbert^ to innovate much upen the general con. •Iruction of Steam boats on the lake, I will san that her Droportions for length and breadth art CMcllX th^ Mine as tho«e of the Frontenac, UnU with greater propdrtionate depth and sharper. Andjrheo we consider the tVonlenac built fof burthen, admewuring 700 Tons, has been proneW led only by • M Horse power engine, we liusi odmit that her form is equal or Mperior to any oil the lake yet For h«d she been broader, shorteiv ■'. "^ii .n^ I '■»• »^» ' t^ Ai .^■■» * ' Iff* H fTlAM «AVlOATMMr W^-£. wiUi IcM depth, f«t of the muo totmaxr, tlit would h«*« uiovtd like a Uajr tliicll. 1 hi? diiuf t b«am, and 10 fr«l depth of hold, iidou'ii- •uniiiK ahoat 20V Toi»«, wiiii a 4^ Home jMrni-f/ engine. I thuik eip^rienca will bear me out mi my opinion, that araalUr aha could not bofvitli pro- fit or adfantap. For oitce launched into th« , Lake, aha ovp^lit to be able to go to any part of it. Caaualtiea ^pyi||ht occur to alter her root*. Fof ~ inatancf Wa» la which caaa b<>ing captblt of __ acting aa • trinaport, ahe no doabt would find *' profitable employ inf-nt. On the lake that venavl which ia b«;»t aduptcd lor general purf»oae«, run go •nj where, will be alike aervieeiible in p«?ttce or War, ia likely to ha tile moat valuable. Hoch, I truat, will be the "Canada."" { am aorry the Mar. cbanU of York« wivence aoch thingn ahoold origi. nate, aa^iit i*o little in promoting what the acien« tific, and intellimnt world hare pronounced of la- meaaureable advantage, and in character with machinery. It can ^anlly be poaaihle that their enterpriae shoukl be ethauated und(>r the trifling effort they liara nadci and I troat the^^ will ahew by their patronage of tlie** Canada," that they are aa peracvering, aa intelligent, aa enterpriaing aa their neighboura. I riak nothing in asaerting. ikai tktre i$ no such tkmm Of «» •fjicunt rmd w^mt/Uable ««Mm)4oa/efi th* kt§. I Htk nothing inaaaerting, that th$ inhaUtantt of Vp/m CmmJm w^ noi ItuM St«am hoaUfoMt m»mgk to mftkt t km tm p fMbk. AimI I hold it certain aa tbaphaiia of tho Moon, that )|rere Uiere 7 efficient 8leani-?eaaela, to aart one frery day in the week fiwoi Preacatt, taking the round otthe lake, that in 12 iiiontha, each would find aamucb employmeat as ao/ ooe'Dow. yf'Vl VW: ■■ "Ui ■'!»■ ^V .i'>':'4 ' y n ' i^'i iwii iiin ^i The PmnleiMic. (h« first iitcsnn v»M«l,,dtil iiq^ ^«ke nuftb reluni wtUlat Hmniug u> ih« Stock. holc«Miijr of #coti4»m^ woakl preftfr it Upon \hr niati ol* oiilf iMM! cahiM for grnirT, miiirul* mr of Ihr strfHrta of Pari*, which arf> all cftrrm(|r wajra, wilhoMl fool. fmth for tb« p«^' ''■M' % * ■■«i^. p^^.'.t ■^'^ 'X ♦ . if if' 4i» ",5 •v ',%'>. ./' i '*:l.- A^, ■» -^-^i.^^ ■ * i*^***'*'-* ■■*'"-*"r ^ i f. ^ ^f f.- . >S f ^* 1 ' 'M^ I I •' *m # '^^^ \ A m > \ I, I 1, W ' / ■ '' ( \ «•■; ^ e* v^ ■m- ( ^ t - ■ , at rtt 1/ . . / .11 4 • l_ ) • ' 1 • •■ • • ■- o - • ^^ 4 • - • / ,.) • O ■ « " « . -. „ " (T I \ \ \ /