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m^ 
 
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Vl 
 
 i 
 
 Soldier and Sage. 
 
 MEMORIALS 
 
 George Washington 
 
 Benjamin Franklin. 
 
 
 V 
 
 Philadelphia: 
 
 McCalla & Stavely. 
 
 1876 
 
 t 1873, "-:■ 
 
 ■'H^S^,^•,&■^'' 
 
 t- 
 
 * ytgMy w ft ^ ^ >^ " "*t ■!> s* 
 
 iU- 
 
fW" 
 
 li 
 
 
■■ri l_ 
 
 
 The followiiii; letters were copied by inc 
 from the orij^inals in the British Museum, 
 ;iii(l i\re now reproduced as Centennial Me- 
 morials. They are yiven exactly as written, 
 and are offered as a humble contribution 
 to the Literature of the subject. 
 
 li. F. DkCosta. 
 Gramtncrcy Park, 
 
 New York, June lyt/t, iSj6. 
 
CENTENNIAL MEMORIALS. 
 
 The following letters would command 
 attention at any time, but they are of 
 especial interest in connection with the 
 Centennial. For this reason they are 
 printed in the present form. 
 
 The letter of Washington is one of those 
 many documents that he was obliged to 
 frame in connection with propositions for 
 uigotiations preliminary to peace. This 
 letter is brief, but it is marked by the 
 writer's usual wisdom, llrmness and hu- 
 manity. A glance at his correspondence 
 coverinir this period will reveal the fact 
 that the peace propositions brought him 
 under serious embarrassment, as the sol- 
 diers could scarcely be made to compre- 
 hend the difterence between peace and 
 the preliminaries of peace, and were ready 
 to throw down their arms and return to 
 their homes. It was, therefore, only by 
 
 tjiinj i» miaft.inia s few ii w,s a» 
 
 X 
 
tho means of \\\h wull-knowii tad that 
 onli-r WHS preserved in tlie iiriiiy, iiiul 
 luoileralion intiiiitiiiiUMl ainon^HL llie huv- 
 aj?c» in llie norvico of Great HriLuiii. 
 
 The lellern of Franklin will not chiiiinu 
 our estimate of his character. In ITUl 
 he was a devoted servant of the Crown, 
 and so he would always have remained, 
 if the Crown liad renuiined wortliy of his 
 devtJtion, Tliese letters were written a 
 little while before he sailed on a visit to 
 the mother country as the aj^isnt of I'eiin- 
 sylvania, near the time when he wrote to 
 his daughter, sayini^, "(to constantly to 
 Church, whoever i)reache8. The act of 
 devotion in the Common Prayer Uook is 
 your p.incipal business there, and, if pro- 
 perly attended to, will do more toward 
 amending your heart than sermons can 
 generally do." This remark indicates 
 what must liave been Franklin's general 
 opinion respecting the works of Voltaire, 
 from whose " Traite sur I^u Tolerance" 
 he quotes, a work that sprang from the 
 
 I V* 
 
 g fe ljU- V '.i' *'"*"' 1 1 1 , 11 1 l i >WJ I B:» «ii !if| -^i JL'UJt^i|i4lgfcil!--' 
 
)wii tiict that 
 111! lu'iiiy, iviul 
 
 Ktll^Hl Ihii MllV- 
 
 , Hriuiiii. 
 irill not chiiiii^i) 
 icier. Iti ITtit 
 of the Crown, 
 ave ri'iiiaiiiud, 
 I worthy of liis 
 rere written a 
 (1 on a visit to 
 ii<?i:iit of IVllll- 
 en he wrote to 
 ) constantly to 
 8. The ULt of 
 -'rayer liook is 
 re, and, if pro- 
 I more toward 
 1 sermonH can 
 uarl< indicates 
 nltlin's general 
 ks of Voltaire, 
 ^u Tolerance " 
 rang fri>ni the 
 
 moving text fnrniMhed by what may be re- 
 garded as tlie ollicial murder of Jean C'alas. 
 If, however, the witty Frenchman could 
 have looked into I'liiladelpliia at the time 
 he waH wriliuf?, he would have niven a 
 dilferent picture of alfairs. Tliose were 
 the days of tlie I'axton Uioters, and the 
 days tliat cost Franklin so much of hie 
 popularity, and brought such bitter ene- 
 mies, as the benevolent Philosopher in- 
 terposed himself between the captive In- 
 dians and the furious wliite men, who 
 would have made the streets of Philadel- 
 phia tlow with blood. These letters, 
 liowever, explain themselves, and extend- 
 ed comment is noi necessary. Franklin 
 copied his French iudilferently, but under 
 the circumstances no corrections will be 
 
 expected. 
 
 B. F. De('08TA. 
 
 ii" -Uil.'ui^<.UJfeiQlAi 
 
 jgi-rV.iiiiiiiiiaMa 
 
 E^ 
 
WASHINGTON TO THE INDIAN 
 COMMANDER. 
 
 lHaldiraand MSS., British Museum, vol. 21,70:! 
 fol. 43.] 
 
 IIead(iuarters New burgh, 14lh April 
 
 17^!;}. 
 
 Sir— 
 
 I have the honor to inform you that on 
 the 'Md of April I received from Sir (iuy 
 (Jarelelou the encloseil extract ot a Letter 
 from General Haldimand, — No. 1. — On 
 the 8th a proclamation from the King of 
 tireat Britlain was sent me by Sir (iuy — 
 No. 2 — And on the 10th a Letter of 
 which No. ;5 is a copy, was received re- 
 •piestini; Passports for two Gentlemen 
 hearinij Despatches from the liritish Com- 
 mander in Chief to General Haldimand. 
 announcing; the ratilication of the prelim- 
 inary Articles of a general Peace, I'v: a 
 cessation of Hostilities. — A Passport was 
 immediately granted — and the gentlemen 
 are on their way to Canada. 
 
 The distance to General Haldimand be- 
 
 
 I 
 
rilE INDIAN 
 ER. 
 
 useum, vol. 21 ,70:! 
 
 ;h,14lh April 
 
 17,s:j. 
 
 orm you that on 
 ed I'roin Sir (iuy 
 tract ot a Letter 
 1,— No. 1.— On 
 roin tile King of 
 ne by Sir (Juy — 
 )lh a Ijetter of 
 vas received re- 
 two Gentlemeii 
 the llritish Coiu- 
 iral Halditnaiui. 
 m of the preliiu- 
 jral Peace, »!<: a 
 -A Passport was 
 d the geutlemeu 
 
 ila. 
 
 1 Ilaldimaud be- 
 
 ing great. Sc his situation so wide from 
 your Part that great Time must elapse be- 
 fore you can receive his despatches ; — I 
 have taken the l^iberty to make this com- 
 munication to you by the directest route 
 in my power— in conlident hope, that, al- 
 tho you may not deem the Information 
 offudal, yet that your Henevolence will 
 cause it to be regarded with such atten- 
 tion, that, if it does not produce a cessa- 
 tion of Hostilities within your command — 
 yet, it may at least prevent unnecessary 
 Si wp.nton Acts of Cruelty, which may 
 have been meditated by the Indians on 
 the Froi\liers ; — and which in their Con- 
 sequences, may prove as disagreeable to 
 them as distressing to the Inhabitants of 
 the United States. 
 
 I have the honor to be 
 
 Sir 
 Your most Obed. Servant 
 
 G: Wa.siungtok, 
 
 m 
 
 ■ •>^|gat^^jV:;j::'SS»S».: 
 
«r" 
 
 10 
 
 FRANKLIN TO BOUQUET. 
 
 [Ilaldlmaiid MSS., Biitisli Museum, vol. 21,<i50, 
 lol. '^(11.) 
 
 PuiLAU Ans^t. It), 17t)4. 
 Denr Sir 
 
 Hcturning just now from the Board of 
 Coinmissioners, I found your a<:;reeable 
 Favour of the lUth Instant. — We had a 
 Met'tini; on Tuesday, when your Letter to 
 the (rovernor was laid before us, his Honor 
 not i)rcsent, and tlie board thin.— I think 
 none but myself spoke then for the mea- 
 sure recommended ; so, to prevent its be- 
 iui; harshly refused, I moved to refer it to 
 this Day, when we might have a fuller 
 Board. The Principal Objection was, 
 that the Act did not empower us to go 
 further. — To day wc got over that Objec- 
 tion and all others, and came to a liesso- 
 lution which will be coramunicated to 
 yon, by the Governor I suppose, and the 
 Money sent by Capt Young. We have 
 fully, as we under .and it, comply 'd with 
 your Uequisition. — And 'tis a pleasure to 
 nie to have done anything you wish'd me 
 to do in the Affair, before the Receipt of 
 your letter. 
 
 I recollect that I once in Conversation 
 promised you some I'apers I had by me, 
 
 
 fffriH^^fSt ^^^Sfflii^Z 
 
BOUQUET. 
 
 lusemn.vol. 31,050, 
 
 I 
 
 Aiis^t. It), 17t)4. 
 
 rom the noard of 
 I your a<:;reeable 
 lant. — We had a 
 len your Letter to 
 fore us, his Honor 
 ,rd thin.— I think 
 then for the mea- 
 to prevent its be- 
 Dved to refer it to 
 ^ht have a fuller 
 I Objection was, 
 npower us to go 
 ; over that Objec- 
 
 came to a liesso- 
 uoramunicated to 
 
 suppose, and the 
 'oung. We have 
 
 it, comply 'd with 
 I 'tis a pleasure to 
 n« you wish'd me 
 >re the Keoeipt of 
 
 e in Conversation 
 lers I had by me, 
 
 ■iW) 
 
 11 
 
 containing Hints for conducting nn In- 
 dian War. I have since found them, and 
 on looking tlicm over, am of Opiniou you 
 will meet with nothing new in them that 
 is of any importance ; however, to kt'ep 
 my Promise. I now send them inclos'd. 
 
 The .June racket is arrived from Eng- 
 land, as is also our Friend, Mr. Allen ; 
 but we hav(! no News by them tliat is 
 material. — France and England are both 
 diligently repairing their Marine ; but I 
 suppose 'tis a matter of course, and not 
 with any Intention of any new Uupture. 
 The Ministerial Party is said to be con- 
 tinually gaining Strength, and th(f Oppo- 
 sition diminishing. Abroad the Poles are 
 cuttins: one anothers tliroats a little. al)out 
 their Election. — But 'tis their (,'onstitu- 
 tion, and I suppose reckoned among ibeir 
 Privileges to saoritice a few Thousand of 
 the subjects every Interregnum, either 
 to the Manes of the deceas'd King or in 
 honour of his successor. And if they are 
 fond of this Privilege, I don't know that 
 their Neighbors have any right to disturb 
 them in the enjoyment of it: — And yet 
 the Russians have entered their Country 
 with an Army, to preserve Peace ! ami 
 m:urf the Freeddm i if Vie liJlcrtio)) ' 
 
 It comes into my Mind that you nuiy 
 
 
 tit i> 
 
 t;ai^gigiaBS^W^SSs« Smv.M » r Fi f i r l •' 
 
If 
 
 easily do me a kindness ; and I ought 
 not, by ()nnltin<; to aciiuaint you with the 
 occahion, (hiprive you of tlie I'leasure you 
 take in nerving your Friends. Hy this 
 siiip I hi'ar that uiy Enemies (for God has 
 bless'd me with two or three, to keep 
 me in order) are now represeutiug me at 
 liome, us an Opposer & Obstructor of his 
 Majesty's Service here. If I know any- 
 thiiig (If my own Heart, or can remember 
 anytiiinir (if my own actions, I think that 
 they might as justly accuse me of being 
 a Hlackamore. — You cannot but have 
 heard of tlie Zeal and Industry with 
 which 1 promoted the Service in the time 
 of Gen(;ral iJraddock, and the Douceur I 
 procured for theOtlicers that serv'd under 
 hnn. I spent a Summer in that Service 
 without a Shilling Advantage to myself 
 in the shape of Prolit, Commissiou, or 
 any other way whatsoever. 1 projected 
 a Method of supplying Gen. Shirley with 
 jCIO.OUO worth of Provisions, to be given 
 at his request by this Province, and car- 
 ried the same thro' the House so as to 
 render it effectual ; togetlier with a gift 
 of some hundreds of warm wastecoats, 
 Stockings, Mittens &c. for the Troops in 
 their first winter Service at Albany. And 
 at Lord iiOud(m's Uequesi 1 so manag'd 
 
 lA 
 
688 ; and I oui;ht 
 uaiul you with the 
 if llie i'leasure you 
 Friemls. Uy lliis 
 eiuics (forCtod has 
 or three, to keep 
 [•eiireseuliut^ me at 
 1: Obstructor of his 
 , If I kuow any- 
 ., or can reuieuiber 
 :tii)us, I think that 
 accuse me of beiuu; 
 
 cannot but have 
 nd Industry with 
 Service in the time 
 and the Douceur I 
 •s that serv'd under 
 iier in that Service 
 vantajje t(j myself 
 it, Commissiou, or 
 jBver. 1 projected 
 ; Gen. Shirley with 
 visions, to be jjiven 
 
 Province, and car- 
 he House so as to 
 )i;ether with a j^ift 
 
 warm wastecoats, 
 ;. for the Troops in 
 ce at Albany. And 
 |uest 1 so manag'd 
 
 l:! 
 
 between the Governor »fc Assemlijv as to 
 procure the Passage of the £(!(), 000 Act 
 then sireatly wanted, and which met with 
 g;reat DKlicu: y.— On your Arrival here, 
 you know the Kindness with which T en- 
 deavored to serve theOllicers in the AlVair 
 of their (^larters. And you have been a 
 Witness of my Behaviour as a Commis- 
 sioner, in the Execution of the present 
 Act, and of my Forwardness to carry at 
 the Board every Measure vou iiropos'd to 
 promote the service.— What I would re- 
 quest is, that you would take Occasion in 
 Some I.etter to me to express your Senti- 
 ments of my Conduct in these Respects, 
 so far as has come to your knowledge, or 
 fallen under your Observation. My bav- 
 ins; such a letter to produce on occasion, 
 may possibly be of considerable service to 
 
 me. With the most perfect Esteem 
 
 I am 
 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 Your most obedient, 
 _ Humble Servant 
 
 Col. Bouquet. B. Franklin. 
 
 Mrs. Franklin .fe Sally join 
 me In Prayers foryour 'suc- 
 cess Ml liappy lieturn. 
 
 I send you inclos'd our last 
 
 pnlitieaiPnraph'et, to amuse 
 you on some rainy day. 
 
 ai 1 
 
 -■>Wi^]W*%^«*^**^--'-*-^ 
 
14 
 
 I 
 
 FllANKLlN TO BOUQl'ET. 
 [Haldimaiid MSS., Biitish Museum, vol. 'Jl, (150, 
 
 fol. r.;!ti.J 
 
 Philada : Sept.. HO, \VH. 
 Dear 8ir, 
 
 I have been so tolally occupied willi 
 the sittiiit; of the Assembly and other 
 urgent Affairs that I could not till now do 
 myself the Pleasure of writini; to you 
 since the Recei])tof youroblii:in>; Favours 
 of Aug. 11) & '2-2, and a subsequent one 
 relating; to Broadstreet's Peace, of which 1 
 think as you do. 
 
 I thank you cordially for so readily com- 
 plyinsi; with my Request. Your letter 
 was quite full & sufficient and leaves me 
 nothing to desire by way of Additiim, 
 except that if any letters of yours re- 
 latinsr to the present Expedition is like to 
 be seen by the Secretary of State, you 
 would take occasion Just to mention me 
 as one ready on that & every other Occa- 
 sion to promote the t^ervice of the Crown. 
 The Malice and Industry of my Adversa- 
 ries, have, I find, made these Precau- 
 tions a little necessary. 
 
 f- 
 
BOUQl'ET. . 
 Museum, vol. 'Jl, 650, 
 
 da : Sept.. HO, 17(i4. 
 
 lly occupied with 
 ierubly and olluii- 
 uld not till now do 
 )f writiiiii to you 
 robliirini; Favours 
 a subsequent one 
 3 Peace, of which 1 
 
 for 80 readily com- 
 est. Your letter 
 int and leaves me 
 way of Addition, 
 ters of yours re- 
 cpedition is like to 
 ary of State, you 
 List to mention me 
 every other Occa- 
 vice of the Crown, 
 ry of my Adversa- 
 ide these Precau- 
 
 15 
 
 Vour senliiueutB of our Constitution 
 are solid & Just.- I am not sure that the 
 Change now attemjited will immediately 
 take i)lace. nor am I very anxious al)out 
 it. But sooner or later it will be ed'ected. 
 And till it is etlected, we shall have little 
 internal Quiet in the Administration of 
 our Publick affairs. 
 
 I have lately receiv'd a Number of 
 new Pamphlets from England & France, 
 among which is a Peice of Voltaire's on 
 the Subject of Religious Toleration. I 
 will give a Passage of it, which being 
 read here at a Time when we are torn to 
 Peices by Faction religious and civil, 
 shows us that while we sit for our Picture 
 to that Able Painter, 'tis no small Advan- 
 tage to us that he views us at a favourable 
 distance. 
 
 "Mais que dirons-nous, dil il, de ces 
 paciliques Primitifs que I'on a nomm^s 
 Qmkerti par ddrision, & qui avec des 
 usages peut-Gtre ridicules, ont ete si ver- 
 teux, & ont enseigud inutilement la paix 
 aux rcstes des les hommes. lis soul en 
 Pensilvanie au nombre de cent mille ; la 
 Discorde. la controversse sont ignores 
 dans Cheurcuse patrie qui ils se sonrfaite ; 
 & le nom seul de leur ville de FhilaMphie, 
 
 h' 
 
I 
 
 qui leur rapellti a tout nionii'Ut (pu! lew 
 houuniis 8out freres, est V i^xauiplt^ iS: la 
 houte (it'8 p(!ui)k's qui no connaisseut pas 
 encore la tolerance." (') 
 
 The occasion of his Writiui; this Trailf- 
 snr la Tdleruncc was what he calls Le 
 Monrtre iJe. Jean Galas dans Toulouse jiiw 
 Ic ijluire (k la jmtice, le Dine Mars 17(>2 I 
 Tliere is in it abundance of good Sense 
 & sound lleasoning, niix'd with some of 
 those Pleasantries that mark the Author 
 as slronijly as if he had alHxed liis name. 
 Take one of them as a sample: "J'ai 
 aprens quo le Parlement de Toulouse & 
 qui!l(iu8 autres tribunaux, ont une juris- 
 prui'.ence sini;\ilaire ; ils admettent des 
 (juarts, des tiers sixiraes de preuve. 
 Ainsi, avec six ouindire d'un cote, trois 
 de Tautre & (juatre quarti de jtresomtion 
 ils ferment trois preuves compli'tes ; & sur 
 cette belle demonstration ils vous roueut 
 unhonne sans misrecorde. Une letjere 
 conuoissance de I'art de raisonuer sullrait 
 pour leur faire prendre une autre raeth- 
 ode, ee qu'on apelle une demi preuve ne 
 pent etre qu'on soupsou : Jl u'y a point a 
 'la riguer' de demi preuve ou une chose 
 est prouvee, ou elle ne Test pas ; il n'y 
 a point de milien. Cent mille soupson 
 
tnoiiu'iil (\\\o les 
 t 1' "'xaiuple & la 
 e ooiuiais«ent pas 
 
 ritini? this Tmit" 
 vhat, he calls /^« 
 ana Toulouse nivc 
 I 9me Mars 17(>'2 ! 
 ice of ijood Sense 
 x'd with some of 
 mark the Author 
 
 alHxed his namn. 
 
 a sample : " J'ai 
 nt de Toulouse it 
 IX, out une juris- 
 ils admettent des 
 imes de preuve. 
 e d'un cote, trois 
 irti de jtresomtion 
 ^ compli'ti'H ; & sur 
 r»n lis vous rouent 
 rde. line lesfere 
 3 raisonner sullrait 
 
 une autre raeth- 
 le demi preuve ne 
 1 : al u'y a point a 
 mve ou uue chose 
 e I'eat pas ; 11 n'y 
 gat mllle soupson 
 
 reunis ne peuvent pas plus ctahlier une 
 preuve, (jue cent mille zeros ne pcuvfiil 
 conipo.Her nn nomhre. U y a des (ni-.iru 
 de ton dan la musicjue, encore ne les pent 
 on executes ; mais 11 u'y a n'y (juort de 
 verite, ni (luiirt de raisonneineut."(-') 
 
 I send vou one of the l'aini)ldet, Jurhje- 
 nifnt rendiili' (bins I'djjiiirx de, (liindih/ sup- 
 [)0.sini; it may he the more ajjreeahle to 
 you to see it, asdurinfjyour war with that 
 Colony you must have heen made ac- 
 quainted witii some of the Character con- 
 cerned. 
 With the truest esteem and atrection I am 
 
 Dear Sir. 
 
 Your most obedient 
 humcle servant 
 
 B. FU.VNKMV. 
 
 (1) " What ltd wo heiir of the Primitives, In deris- 
 ion ealled Quaktix, iiii'l who with customs porhiips 
 riillculoufl, hiive hoeii so virtuous have so unsuo. 
 cc.islullv tauKht pence to the rest of men? They 
 I'xiat iirPeiiMsylvaiita to the number of a hundreil 
 thouaanil; illscordanil controversy arc Ignored In the 
 happy country that they form : iind thenaineof ihi-ir 
 city of I'hlladelplila alone, whlcti reminds U'* that 
 all men are b'-olhers, Is the example and the shame 
 of tiiosH peopU who have not >ot learned tolera- 
 tion." From the oilltlon of Voltaire's Uomplela 
 Works, I'aris IWT. Vol. IIH. p. Itl. 
 
 (2) I apprehend that the Parliament of Toulouse 
 and someotlier tribunals, have a.lurisprudenoo that 
 
It* 
 
 IH populliir They ii<lmil m Inurtlm, ol Ihlnln iiml 
 al.xtliK cil' priKPt. Thus, with six liniirsnvi on Ihn hiki 
 sIiIk mill three iin the hIIht, iiml liiir hi'urih^ <i| |)r<>- 
 suiniitlon.tlie.v hirinihrcuciiinplete iironl^'. Ami iiiiiin 
 
 lhi^' hcauKful ilfiiKiiifltiiitliin they iml u iiia i the 
 
 rack withiiui mercy. A pIIkIii knciwledifo dI the art 
 (if ri'iiKdiilim wiiulil onahlti tlii-tn to tiiki' iiiiuilii'r 
 met hoil, that which oiie calla u hull proi. I which U 
 only a ."iir'iiicloii. li has not the rl^or o. a hall iii-oof 
 where a tliliiK Is |irovi>(l or It Is not ; It has no ineMI- 
 urn. (V Immlrcil tiioiisaml si|J|iiclons toueilMr aro 
 not iihie to fsialill.-h a prool, tjuiii a hiiiiilre.l thou, 
 sanil zero, wouhl he alile to lorni a MUiiilior. I'hore 
 arofounhsln music, tliiniKh one Is not iililu to e.\c 
 cute them, hut there are no luurtlis ol truths uml no 
 luurths of reanun " 
 
urllm, lit thtriln an) 
 ; lifiiirsiiyi oil tho (nio 
 I I'lir luiirlli^ III |ire- 
 ute iiroiilK, Ami ii|iim 
 
 uy |iiil II ma i ilio 
 
 ItniiwIeilifB 1)1 I hi' art 
 •in til iiiki' iiiiiilliiT 
 I hull |iriii>l wlilcli U 
 • riKiir n. u hall jirndf 
 mil ; It hiiK nil nii'ill- 
 liirlina tiiui'ilii-r aro 
 hail a liiiiiilrcil thmr 
 III a MumlHir. I'liuri' 
 In mil iilili) til ixe 
 rthi ul trutliD uml im