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/
THE
X
. GENEEAJL GAZETTEEE; *
OR, COMPENDIOUS
GEOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY.
^N^-
ff'
Sf
• CONTAINING *
A DESCRIPTION OP THE ' ,
EMPIRES, KINGDOMS, STATES, PROVINCES, CITIES, TOWNS, FORTS,^EAS,
HARBOURS, RIVERS, LAKES, MOUNTAINS, CAPES, &c.
MJ THE
■n*
„"Sc.
KNOAVN WOtt LP:
WITH THE * . »i '
Extent, Boundaries, and Natural PROOuCTiaWs of each Country; the
Government, Customs, Manners, and Religion of t6e Inhabitants; the
Trade, Manufactures, and Cukiosities, of the Cities and Towns, with
their LoNGiTUDEandLATiTUDlf).fiEARiNG andDisTANCE InEnglilh Miles
from remarkable Places; and the various Events by which they have been
diftinguiflied.
iA'
'•*.
/
ILLUSTRATED BY EIGHT MAPS.
ORIGINALLV COMPILED
By R. BROOKE S, M. D.
THE FOURTEENTH EDITION,
WITH CONSIDERABLE ADDITIONS AND IMPROVEMENTS. ^
LONDON:
rRINTED FOR J. JOHNSON, CLARKE AND SONS, R. BALDWIN, T. C. AND J. RIVIKOTOM}
CUTHELL AND MARTIN, J. WALKER, W, LOWNDES, SCATCHERD AND LETT>aii£li|t,
WILKIE AMD ROBINSON, J. NUNN, C. LAW, LONOMAN, HURST, REE8, AND OI^Ml^t
CROSBT AND CO. CADELL AND DAVIES, NEWMAN AND CO. ). AND A. ARCH, J. l[(tfi1MY|
S. HIGHLEY, R.PHILLIPS, BLACK, PARRY AND KINGSBURY, J. HARDING J. J^l6aJ^iXiib^^,
J. M. RICHARDSON, U, T. HODGSON, R. 3CH0LEY, LACKINUTON, ALLENj A||B'«0|,« J^f
MAWMAN, J. BOOTH, S. TIPPER, J. BOOKER, MATHfcWS AND LEIGH, T. HAMILTl'
WOOD, NBCLT, AND JONES; AND WILSON AND SON, YORK.
-•*
1809.
;»^Ju--.
.5 *
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Printed by T. Davison, Whitefriars,
I^ndon.
PREFACE.
The science of Geography being in a constant state of im-
provement, either from new discoveries on the globe, or from
the new points of view in which objects already known may
be considered, a work of this nature must require frequent
revision. In proportion as the spirit of enterprise and
perseverance of research continue to exhibit new discoveries,
it is necessary to apply with assiduity to the various sources
of information, and to enrich this work by an interesting
selection of such objects as may claim attention, not merely
from their novelty, but from their importance in a delinea-
tion of the world and the history of the human race.
♦■
In the eighth edition, published in 1794, very considerable
additions and improvements were made. The division of
France into departments, instead of its ancient provinces;
the transferment of the provinces of Poland to the dominion
of Russia, Austria, and Prussia ; the new division of the vast
empire of Russia into governments ; the new acquisitions in
the geography of the regions of Hi ndoostan ; the description
of many cities, towns, lakes, and rivers, in North America;
with numerous important additions in other foreign parts,
and also in Great Britain, were then introduced, for the fisrt
time, into auy work of this kind. The articles that were
not in the preceding edition amounted to considerably above
a thousand ; and a great number of the others were eith^ll^
newly written or greatly improved.
Since that time it has been the constant practice of the
editor to enrich the subsequent editions by insertions from
every respectable publication, whence new geographical
A 2 , '
.4972^16
if
PREFACE.
m
U
i
add topographical information could be obtained; and to
spare no pains to render this established work worthy of the
reputation it has acquired. That the public have approved
his labours, is evinced by the rapid sale of several large
impressions ; and so great a demand is also a decisive proof
of its superiority to every other attempt of the kind.
The changeable state of territory in many parts of Europe
has caused some perplexity in the account of several places;
therefore indulgence is craved for any error that may be
discovered. The ancient provinces of the original territory
of France are still retained for the illustration of former
histories; and the recent aliquisitions of territory making
twenty-six new departments, are particularized under the
article France; but the different countries that have been
annexed, are described, in general, under their former ap-
pellations ; and also the countries which the government of
France has erected into kingdoms, &c. for they are not
acknowledged as such by several powers, our own govern-
ment in particular, that their durability must await the set-
tlement of a general peace.
August, '8O9.
*^* The Maps given with this work are^ the "World, placed before the Title \
Europe, Asia, Africa, North America, South America, East Indies,
and West Indies, placed before their respective Descriptions.
4
nedj and to
vorthy of the
ive approved
?everal large
lecisive proof
;ind.
rts of Europe
>veral places ;
that may be
inal territory
on of former
itory making
ed under the
lat have been
eir former ap-
rovernment of
they are not
• own govern-
await the set-
hefore the Ttth ;
lica, East Indies,
\ns»
INTRODUCTION. t
The Mience which treat! of the construction, figure, disposition/and rela-
tion of all the parts of the universe^ is called COSMOGRAPHY} that is, a de-
scription of the world } and as the universe is represented by the celestial and
terrestrial globes, cosmography has two principal parts; namely. Astronomy,
which is the science of the celestial bodies ( and GsooaAPHY, whichiiada*
scription of the Earth. As these two sciences have, in many respecti, a neces>
sary connection, we shall talce a cursory view of each.
Of the Univeru.
Astronomy is a science which has been the study and admiration of the
most remote ages. The true system of the universe was known in the earliest
times. Pythagoras, in particular, who flourished near 500 years before Christ,
was undoubtedly acquainted with the present doctrine of the planetary motions,
which he is supposed to have learned during his residence with some more
enlightened nations in the east. His disciples not only taught, that the Earth
had a diurnal motion on its own axis, and annually revolved, with other
planets, round the Sun, but gave such an account of the comets as is agreeable
to modern discoveries. The heavens and star^ they su^ posed quiescent ; and
their apparent diurnal motion from east to west was imputed to the Earth's
motion from west to east. Hence this doctrine, for many ages, was called
the Pythagorean System. It was followed by Philolaus, Plato, Archimedes,
and others, but lost during the prevalence of the Peripatetic philosophy, when
the Ptolemaic System (so called from Ptolemy, an Egyptian philosopher, who
lived about 138 years after Christ) was universally adopted. This system
supposes the Earth at rest in the centre of the universe, and that the heavens
revolve round it from east to west, carrying all the celestial bodies along with
them, in twenty-four hours. Among the ancient philosophers, tlie principal
assertory of this system were Aristotle and Hipparchus. Being consonatit to
appearances, it was adhered to for many ages, till happily, in the year liS30>
the true system was revived by Nicolaus Copernicus, a native of Thorn, in
"Western Prussia.
The So/lfjr, or Planetari/ fiystem, should, in strict propriety, be distinguished
from the Si/stem of the Universe: for the fixed stars, from their immense dis-
tance, and the little relation they seem to bear to our globe, are reputed no
part of the former. It is highly probable, indeed, that each fixed star is itself
a sun, and the centre of a particular system, surrounded by planets, &c. which,
at difierent distances, and in different periods, revolve round their respective
suns, by which they are enlightened, warmed, and cherished. Hence we have
a very magnificent idea of the universe, and its immensity; and hence al83 arises
a Itind of system of systems.
Of the Solar System,
As by the universe is to be understood the whole frame of nature, to the
utmost extent of the creation; so by the solar system is meant that portion only
of the universe which comprehends the Sun, planets, satellites, and comets.
Of this system the Sun is the centre; and there are seven planets which
revolve round him, each in its path or orbit. The names of these planets,
in the order of their distance from the Sun, are Mercury, Venus, the EarUi^
Mars, Jj^piter, Saturn, and the Georgian. The first two, because they
move within the orbit of the Earth, are caUed inferior planets; and th«
■■%■■■
¥1
INTRODUCTION.
iMt four, 00 account of their moving >vitliout that orbit, are caUed luperior
planets*.
The Sun,
The Sun, the centre of oar system, the parent of the leasoos, and ''great
delegated soured of light and life, " is in the form of « spheroid, higher under
the equator than about the poles. His diameter i» 703,000 miles ; and his
solid bulk is a million of times larger than that of the Earth. This luminary
wae generally considered by tb^ ancients as a globe of pure fire; but from a
number of maculee, or dark spoCfj which, by means of a telescope, may be seen
on different parts of his surface, this opinion appears to have been ill-founded.
These spots are supposed to be large excavations in the body of the Sun. Their
motion is from east to west ; and as they are observed to move quicker when
thev are near the central regions, it follows that the Sun must be a spherical
body, and revolve on his axis. The time iu which he performs this revolution
is twenty-five days and six hours.
The Planets.
The planets are all opaque spherical bodies, and have no light of their own,
but shine by means of that borrowed light which they receive from the Sun }
it being ascertained, from telescopical observations, that only that side of the
planets which is turned toward the Sun is ever enlightened ; while the oppo-
site side, which the solar ravs cannot reach, remains constantly dark. From
the regular appearance and disappearance of several remarkable dark spots,
which, by means of a telescope, are constantly to be seen on their bodies, it
may be demonstrated, that each has such a motion round its axis, as corresponds
with the diurnal rotation of the Earth ; and from their seeming sometimes to
be stationary, and at other times retrograde, it is equally certain, that they must
have such a progressive motion round the Sun as answers to thb annual revolu-
tion of the Earth in its orbit. As the Earth, moreover, is similar to the other
■ix planets, it may reasonably be concluded, by analogy, that they must be de-
signed for the same purposes, although, from their ditferent proportions of heat
and cold, it is not credible that beings of our mal<e and temperament could live
upon all of them. We now proceed to the consideration of each planet in par-
ticular.
1. MBRC17RY, the nearest planet to the Sun, revolves round that luminary
in about eighty-seven days and twenty-three hours, or little less than three of
our months, which is the length of his year. Being seldom seen, however,
on account of his proximity to the Sun, and nu spots appearing on his disk, the
time of his rotation on his axis, or the length of his days and nights, is un-
known. His distance from the Sun is 3(J,tJ4'l,OCO miles: his diameter 3,1 GO j
and, in his annual revolution round the Sun, he moves at the rate of 105,000
miles an hour. These calculations, as well as those of the other planets which
follow, are founded on astronomical observations made on the transit of Venus
♦ Three other planets have, been discovered, whose orbits are between those of Mars and
Jupiter, but they are too small to be visible to the naked eye, and require glasses of a high mag-
nifying power to show them distinctly. The first was discovered by M. Piazzi, at Palermo,
January i, isoi, who called it Ceres Ferdinandea, in honour of his Sicilian majesty: its dia-
meter is estimated at 160 miles, and its distance from the Sun above 950 millions of miles.
The second was discovered by Ur. Gibers, at Bremen, March 28, 1802, and has been named
Pallas: its diameter is estimated at 1 10 miles, and its distance from the Sun nearly 270 mil-
lion.1 of miles. The third was discovered by M. Harding, at Lilienthal, near Bremen, Sep-
ti;mber i, 1804, and has been named Juno : its diameter is supposed to be less than that of
Pallas, and its distance from thf Sun about 380 millions of miles.
INTRODUCTION.
vU
lied luperior
, and " great
higher under
let ; and his
"his lunainary
but from a
may be seen
I ill-founded.
;Suu. Their
;iuicker when
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his revolution
af their own,
}m the Sun}
t side of the
lile the oppo-
dark. From
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ent could live
lanet in par-
^hat luminary
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his disk, the
tghts, is un-
ieter3,l00i
of 105,000
planets which
isit of Venus
se of Mars and
( of a high mag-
izi, at Palermo,
lajcsty : its dia-
llions of miles.
las been named
Icarly 270 mil-
J Bremen, Sep-
Iss than that of
1
•ver the San, in the year l,^. lercury seems, when viewed in diflPerent posi-
tions, with 9 good telescope, tc have all the phases or appearances of the Moon,
except that he can, at no time, be seen entirely round, or quite full ; because
his enlightened side is never turned directly toward us, but when he is so near
the Sun as to be hid in his beams.
2. Venus, which is the brightest, and In appearance the largest, of all the
planets, is 68,891,000 miles from the Sun, and, by moving at the rate of
76,000 miles an hour, completes her annual revolution in S'i4 days and seven-
teen ^urs, or abgut seven months and a half. Her diameter is 7,36o miles,
and her diurnal rotation on her axis is performed in twenty- three hours and
twenty*two minuses. When this planet appears to the west of the Sun, she
rises before him in the morning, and is called tl^ morning star ; and when she
appears to the east of that luminary, she shines .in the evening, and is called
the evening star. She is in each situation, alternately, for about '^^0 days; and
during the whole of her revolution, appears, through a telescope, to have the
various phases of the Moon.
3. The Earth is 95, 173, coo miles distant from the Sun, and by moving at
the rate of 58,000 miles an hour, performs its annual revolution in 365 days,
five hours, and 49 minutes, which is the space of our year. This distance is
so prodigious, that a cannon-ball which moves at the rate of about eight mileii
in a minute, would be something more than twenty-two years and a half iti
going from the Ear^h to the Sun; and its motion, although 120 times swifter
than that of a cannon-ball, is little more than half the velocity of Mercury in
his orbit. The diameter of the Earth is 7i970 miles; and as it turns round its
axis every twenty-four hours, from west to east, it occasions an apparent mo-
tion ef all the heavenly bodies from east to west, in the same time. The line
which it describes in its annual motion is called the ecliptic, and proceeds from
west to east, according to the order of the signs of the zodiac. This motiou is
the cause of the different seasons of spring, summer, autumn, and winter, and
consequently of the different length of day and night in these seasons. In its
progress through the ecliptic, the Earth every where keeps its axis in a situa-
tion parallel to itself, and equally inclined to the plane of the ecliptic, in an
angle of about twenty-three degrees and a half. The rotation of the Karth on i ti;
axis in twenty- four hours, makes it day in those parts which are turned toward
the Sun, and night in the parts which are turned from him. That the Earth
ils of a spherical figure, nearly resembling that of a globe, is evident from the
voyages of several celebrated circumnavigators, and particularly commodore
Anson, who, by steering continually westwarti, arrived, at length, at the place
whence he departed; which could never have happened, had the Earth been
of any other than a spherical figure. This form is also evident from the circu-
lar appearance of tne sea itselt, and the circumstances which attend large ob-
jects when seen at a distance on its surface; for, whei. a ship is sailing from
the shore, we first lose sight of the hull, afterward of the rigging, and, at last,
discern the top of the mast only : this is evidently' occasioned by the convexity
of the water between the eye and the object; for, otherwise, the largest and
most conspicuous part would be visible tlie longest. Another proof of the
globular form of the Earth is taken from its shadow on the face of the Moon,
in the time of an eclipse ; for, as the Moon has no light but what she receives
from the Sun, and the Earth being interposed between them, during the eclipse*
the Moon must be obscured, either totally or in part. And since in every
lunar eclipse which is not total, the obscure part always appears to be bounded
by a circular line, the Earth itself must be spherical ; it bemg evident, that no-
thing but a spherical body can, in all situations, cast a circular shadow. The
unevenness of the surface of the Earth, caused by mountains and valleys, does
not afford an objection to its being considered as a circular body ; for the most
via
INTRODUCTION.
lofty mountains bear less proportion to the vast magnitude of the Earth, than
the small risings on the coat of an orange do to the orange itself, or a grain oV
f, sand to an artificial globe of a foct in diameter. Accordingly, we find that
' these trifi'ng protuberances occasion no irregularities in the shadow, of the
Earth, during the time of a lunar eclipse. On the contrary, its circumference
appears to be even and regJilar, as if cast by a body perfectly globular. It has
been demonstrateJ, Lowc/er, that the Earth ic not a perfect glebe. M. Richer,
in a voyage to Cayenne, near the equator, in 1672, found that the pendulum
of bis clock did not make its "'ibrations so frequent as in the latitude of ^ii^aris,
and that it was absolutely necessary to shorten it by a line and a quarter, a lit-
is^ lie more than the eleventh partof a Paris inch, in order to make it agree with
■ the times of the stars passing the meridian. A pendulum, like any other fall-
ing borly, is acted upon by the force of gravity ; and, in consequence of Richer's
discovery (which has been since confirmed by repeated experiments) it
was observed, that since the gravity of lx)dies is by so much the less powerful
ils those bodies are further reitioved from the centre of the Earth, the region
of the equator must be absolutely rar.ch more elevated than that of France j
and that, therefore, the figure of the Earth could not be that of a sphere.
Newton and Huy^.ens were the first v.-ho perceived the extensive application
of which this discovery was capr^bie : and the first of these great philosophers
had before found, by mathematical calculations of the action of gravity on a
revolving sphere, that the Earth must be flatted toward the poles j which hy-
poih'jsis was fully confirmed by the mensuration of a degree in Lapland and
France^ from which it appeared, that the polar diameter, of the Earth is to the
equatorial as 229 is to '23(^; or, that the regions of the equator are elevated
about thirty-five miles more than at those of the poles; and that the true figure
of t^he Earth, consequently, was that of an oblate spberiod, or a body nearly re-
sembling an orange.
4. Maks is distant from the Sun 145,014,000 miles. He moves at the
rate 6f 55,000 miles an hour, and completes his revolution round the Sun in
little less than two of our years. His diameter is 5,150 miles; and his diur-
nal rotation on his axis is performed in twenty-four hours and ihirty-nine mi-
nutes. He sometimes appears gibbous, but never horned, like the Moon j
which evidently demonstrates, that his orbit includes that of the Earth, and
that he shines not by any native light. This pla^iet is diversified with spots
like the Moon j and from his ruddy and obscure appearance^ as well as from
other circumstances, if is concluded, that his atmosphere is ntarly of the same
density with that of the Earth.
5. Jupiter, the largest of all the planets, is distant from t'..i Sun lf)4,990,OCiO
miles. He moves at the rate of 29,^00 miles an hour, ^nd completes his
annual revolution in srmething less than twelve of our years. His diameter
is 94,100 miles J and, by a prodip'': as rapid motion on his axi.., he perforns
his diurnal rotation n nine hours and fifty-six minutes. The telescopic aji-
pearance of this planet affords a vast field for the curious inquirer, it is sur-
rounded by several faint substances, resen.bling belts or bands, which are
parallel to the plane of its orbit. Ihey are not regular or constant in their
appearance : for sometimes one only is,to be seen, aid sometimes five j and,
in the latter case, two of them have been known to disappear during the time
of observation. Wlien their number is most considerable, one or more dark
spots are frequently formed between the belts, which increase till the whole is
united in one large dusky band. This planet is also diversified with a number
of large spots, which are on the brightest parts of the surface; but, like the
belts, they are subject to various mutations, both in their figure and periods.
It has been conjectured that these belts are seas, and that the variations ob-
served, both in them and the spots, are occasioned by tides, wbich are dif-
aiUt
INTKODUCTION.
IX
Earth, than
or a grain of
ive find that
adow^of the
ircumference
lular. It has
M. Richer,
le pendulum
ide of^aris,
quarter, a lit-
it agree with
[ly other fall-
;e of Richer's
leriments) it
ess powerful
I, the region
t of France?
of a sphere.
B application
philosophers
gravity on a
; which hy-
Lapland and
rth is to the
are elevated
e true figure
dy nearly re-
loves at the
I the Sun in
id his diur-
rty-nine mi-
the Moon j
Earth, and
with spots
i^ell as from
of the same
f)4,f).Q0,0C)0
)mpletes his
lis diametvT
le perforns
escopic aji-
Jt is sur-
which are
nt in their
five } and,
ig the time
more dark
le whole is
1 a number
t, like the
ud periods.
iations ob-
ch are dif-
ferently affected, according to the positions of his moons. These moons, or
satellites, which are four in number, were discovered by Galileo, in itjio,
soon after the invention of the telescope j but the belts were not discovered
till near twenty years after. «
6. Saturn is 907,956,000 miles from the Sun; and, by travelling at the
rate of 22,000 miles an hour, performs his annual circuit roUnd that luminary
in about twenty-nine and a half of our years. His diameter is 77»9PO miles ;
and he is surrounded by belts, like Jupiter, by observations on which Dr.
Herschel determined, in January 1794, that his diurnal rotation is performed
in ten hours and sixteen minutes. Saturn is observed to be attended by seven
satellites. Of these, five were discovered in the 17th century; and the other
two were first observed by Dr. Herschel, in 1788. A magnificent luminous
ring encompasses this planet, at such a distance, that several of the stars may
frequently be seen between the inward surface of the ring and the body of the
planet; its distance from which is equal to its breadth, which is 21,000 miles.
This riijg was discovered by Huygens, about the year 1 G55.
7. The Georgian, the most remote planet in our system, had escaped the
observation of every astronomer, as a planet, till the \3th o*" Maich 1781,
when it was ascertained to be a planet by Mr. Herschel, at Bath, who gave it
the name of Gcorgium Sidiis, as a mark of respect to his present majesty.
Foreign astronomers, however, call it by the name of the discoverer. Its dis-
tance from the Sun is 1,816,455,000 miles, which is nineteen times greater
than that of the Earth. Its diameter is 35,2?.0 miles ; and it revolves round
the Sun at the rate of 7000 miles an hour, in about 82 years. It shines with
a faint steady light, somewhat paler and fainter than Jupiter ; but its apparent
diameter being only about four seconds, it can only be seen by the naked eye
in a clear night, when the Moon is absent. Six satellites, attending upoa4t,
have since been discovered.
The Secondary Planets.
Beside the primary planets, there are eighteen others, called secondary pla-
nets, satellites, or moons, which regard their primaries as the centres of their
motions, and revolve round them l.i the same manner as those primaries do
round the Sun ; namely, the Moon, which attends our Jlarth ; the four satel-
lites of Jupiter; the seven that belong to Saturn; and the six that attend the
Georgian. From the continual change of their phases or appearances, it is
evident that these also are opaque bodies, and shine only by the reflection
of the light which tiiey receive from the Sun.
The Moon, which is the constant attendant of our globe, is the most
conspicuous of these satellites. She accompanies the Earth in its annual
progress through the heavens, and revolves round it ' ontinually by a different
motion, in the space of a month. The diameter of the Moon is 2180 miles;
her distance from the Earth 240,001) miles; and, in bulk, she is sixty times
less than the Earth. I'he rotation of the Moon on her axis is performed
exactly in the same time that she moves once round the Earth, as is evident
from her always presenting the same face to us during the whole of her
monthly revolution. On viewing the Moon with the naked eye, we discern
a number of spots, which the imagination naturally supposes to be seas, con-
tinents, and the like; bet on viewing her through a telescope, the hypothesis
of planetary worlds receives additional confirmation. Vast cavities and
asperities are observed upon various parts of her surface, exactly resembling
valleys and mountains ; and every other appearance seems to indicate, that
she is a body of the same nature with the Earth. Dr. Herschel, the superio-
INTRODUCTION.
rity of whose telescopes is well known, has stated, in the Philosophical
Transactions for 1787> his observations on three different volcanos in the
Moon. Several astronomers have given exact maps of the Moon, with the
% figure of every spot, as it appears thrqpgh the best telescopes, distinguishing
each of them by a proper name. One of the most remarkable circumstanres
attending the Moon, is the continual change of figure to which she is subject ;
while that half of her which is toward the Sun is illumined, the'other half is
dark and invisible. Hence, she disappears, when she comes between the
Earth and the Sun ; becaub? her dark side is then toward us. When she is
gone somewhat forward, we uee a little of her enlightened side, which still
increases to our view as she advances, until she comes to be opposite the Sun,
when her entire enlightened side is toward the Earth, and she appears with a
full- illumined orb, which we call the Full Moon; her dark side being then
turned away from the Earth. From the full she decreases gradually as she
proceeds through the other half of |ier course ; showing us less and less of
her bright side, every day, till her next change or conjunction with the Sun,
and then she disappears as before. These different appearances of the Moon,
which we call her phases, are sufficient to demonstrate, that she shines not by
any light of her own j for, otherwise, as her form is spherical, >ye should
always beholcf her, like the Sun, with a full orb. There are other phenome-
iionS of the Moon, the discussion of which, in this cursory view, would be too
intricate to admit of a popular illustration. We shall, therefore, only observe
further, that of all the celestial orbs, this satallite, next to the Sun, has the most
beneficial influence on our globe. How cheerless and uncomfortable would be
our nights, but for the constant returns of light, which this our inseparable
cooipanion dispenses in such agreeable vicissitude ! How highly useful are
e#n her eclipses, in our astronomical, geographical, and chronological com-
putations I How salutury is her attractive influence, which swells the tides,
perpetuates the regular returns of ebb and flow, and thus tends, not only to
preserve the liquid element itself from putrefaction, but the surrounding coi>-
tinents, in course, from infection and disease ! ..
M
The Comets.
Comets are solid opaque bodies, of different magnitudes, like the planets.
Their number is unknown j but they have been found tc move round the Sun,
and to cross the orbits of the planets in all manner of directions. They are
principally distinr'ished from the planets by long transparent tails resembling
a pale flame, whi i continually issue from the side that is furthest from the Sun.
The orbits, in which these vast bodies move, are exceedingly long ovals, or
very eccentric eUipses, of such amazing circumferences, that in some part of
their circuit through the heavens they approach so near the Sun, as to be al-
most vitrified by his heat, and then go off again into the regions of inhnite
space, to such immense distances, as to be totally deprived oi the light and
heat which the rest of the planets receive from that luminary. The paths
which they describe, and the laws to which they are subject, have been ex-
plained by Newton. Their revolutions are governed throughout by the same
law, of describing equal areas in equal times, which is known to regulate tlie
motions of all the other bodies in the syst'.'m.
The Fixed Stars. f
What a niagnifirent idea of the Creator and his w-irks is presented in this
account of the solar system! In tUe centre is placed the Sun, a iiupendous
,Simn
INTRODUCTION.
xt
Philosophical
canos in the
)on, with the
istinguishing
:ircuin8tan'<es
le is subject j
other half is
between the
When she is
i, which still
lite the Sun,
pears with a
being then
dually as she
and less of
ith the Sun,
f the Moon,
bines not hy
, we should
:r phenome-
/ould be too
)niy observe
lias the most
•le would be
inseparable
Y useful are
Jgical com-
s the tides,
not only to
inding corb-
ie planets.
1 the Sun,
They are
'sensbling
I the San.
ovals, or
me part of
to be al-
of infinite
light and
The paths
been ex-
the same
>;ulate the
^
d in this
ipendous
oody of fire, around whose orb, the planets, satellites, and comets, perform
their revolutions with an exactness and regularity which must fill the mind
with the roost sublime conceptions of their divine origin. Who can con-
template the magnitudes and distaiices of those vast bodies, aind not be
struck with the wonders of Omnipotence? But what must be our astonish-
ment, when informed, that this glorious system is only a small part of the
universe, and that, if it were utterly annihilated, it would be missed no more,
by an eye that could take in the whole creation, than a grain of sand on the
seashore. To form some idea, therefore, however imperfect, of the eiitent
of the universe, and the more glorious works of creation, we must extend our
views to those numerous and splendid orbs, which are dispersed far beyond
the bounds of onr solar system.
The fixed st?rs are distinguishwl from the planets by being ftiore luminous^
and by continually exhibiting that appearance which we call the twinkling
of the stars. This arises, probably, from their appearing so extremely small,
that the interposition of any very minute substance (of which there are
many constantly floating in our atmosphere) deprives us of the sight of them;
but as the interposed body instantly changes its place, we again see the star;
and thissucceshion being perpetual, occasions the twinkling. But a more
remarkable property of the fixed stars (and from which they obtain their
name) is their never changing their situation with regard to each other, as
the planets do j for although the rotation of the Earth, on its axis, occasions
an apparent diurnal motion of the whole frame of the heavens, in a contrary
direction, yet any two fixed stars being observed, at distant intervals of time,
will always be found to preserve the same relative position during the whole of
this revolution.
The fixed stars are not placed in one concave surface, so as to be all equal^
distant from us, but are so dispersed throi'.gh illimitable space, tha*' there
must be as great a di. lance between any two neighbouring stars, as there is
between our Sun and those which are the nearest to him. Were a spectator,
therefore, to be placed near any fixed star, he would consider that alone as a
real Sun, and the rest as so many luminous points, placed in the firmament
at equal distances from him. Tiie stars which are the nearest to us seem the
largest, and are therefore called stars of the first magnitude, and so on as far
as the sixth, which includes all the stars that are visible without a telescope;
and, since the invention of that instrument, their n-imber is considered as
immense. But the immensity of their number is not alone worthy of admira-
tion: their immense distance from us, and from each other, must equally
exalt our ideas of the wonders of Omnipotence, and the inconceivable extent
of the creation. The nearest star to uS; or that supposed to be such from be-
ing the largest in appearance, is Sinus, or the dogstar; and the Earth, in its
revolution round the Sun, is iy5,000,000 miles nearer to tliis star in one part
of its orbit, than in the opposite one ; and yet its magnitude appears not to be
in the least affected by it. The distance of this star from tlie Sun is computed
to be above 32 millions of millions of miles, which is furtlier than a cannon-
ball would fly in seven miUiciis of years.
The stars being at such immense distances from the Sun, cannot receive
from him so strong a light as they seem to possess, nor even a degree of bright-
ness sufficient to make tliem visible to us ; for his rays w ould be so dissipated
before they could reach such remote objects, that they could never be trans-
mitted to our eyes, so as to render those objects visible by reflection. The
stars, therefore, shine by their own native lustre, and, in this respect, are
totally different from the planets.
The vulgar and uninformed imagine, that all the stars were made only to
■give a faint glimmering light to the inhabitants of this globe ; although many
L^ft^^^IW.
.^.
x|l
INTRODUCTION.
of these stars are so far from benefiting us, Ihat they cannot be seen without
a telescope; and there are innumerable others which the eye, even by the aid
of that instrument, can never reach. We have already intimated, that there
is an inconceivable number of suns, sy^ems, and worlds, dispersed through
infinite space ; insomuch, that our solar system, compared with the whole,
appears but as an atom, and is almost lost in the immensity of the creation.
The Georgian planet, nevertheless, revolves at the distance of above
1,800,000,000 miles from the Sun, and some of the comets make excursions
of many millions of miles beyond this ; and yet, at that astonishing distance,
they are incomparably nearer to the Sun than to any other fixed star; as is
evident from their keeping clear of the attraction of the stars, and returning
periodically by virtue of that of the Sun. It cannot be imagined, therefore,
that the omnipotent Creator, who acts with infinite wisdom, and never acts in
vain, should have created so many glorious suns, fitted for so many important
purposes, and placed at such distances from each other, without suitable objects
sufficiently near tliem to be benefited by their influence. On the contrary, it
is reasonable to conclude, that they were created for the same purposes with
our Sun; to bestow light, heat, and vegetation, on a certain number of planets
fevolving round them. And from analogy we may infer, that all these in-
numerable systems are with equal wisdom contrived for the accommodation
of rational inhabitants ; perhaps of stiti higher orders of intelligent beings, all
capable, in the different scales of existence, of a perpetual progression in know-
ledge and virtue, in perfection and felicity.
DESCRIPTION OF the ARTIFICIAL SPHERE.
ON the convex part of the terrestrial globe, which is an artificial spherical
body, is represented the whole world, as it consists of land and water. The
circumference of the globe is divided into 36o degrees, every degree con-
taining 60 geographical miles; consequently the globe is 21,600 such miles
round: but as these geographic miles are each about 69 miles and a half
English measure, the circuit of the globe is therefore 25,020 English miles.
The circles represented on the globe are, 1. The Equator, and the circles
parallel to it; 2. The Meridian, and the rest of the meridional lines; 3. The
Horizon; 4. The Ecliptic; 5. The two Tropics; and 6. The two Polar
Circles.
The Equator, or Equinoctial, is a great circle, ninety degrees distant from
the poles of the world, and so named, because it divides the world into
two equal parts; that in which the arctic pole is found, is called the
northern half; and that in which the antarctic pole is placed, is the southern
half. It is divided into 3Q0 degrees, or 180 degrees east, and the same
west, from the first meridian, which on English globes passes through Lon-
don ; and its principal use is to show ^he longitude of any place east or westj
from such first meridian. When the Sun is in this circle, there is an equality
of days and nights all over the world : hence these points are called the
equinoxes.
The Meridian is a great circle, supposed to pass through the poles of
the world and those of the horizon, cutting the sphere into two equal parts,
the one oriental, and the other occidental. It also passes through the zenith
and nadir in every place, and cuts the horizon at right angles. It is called,
the Meridian, because it marks half the space of time during which the Sun
and the stars appear above the horizon. As there is an infinite number of
INTRODUCTION.
aeniths and horizons^ the number of Meridians is also infinite ; for the Me-
ridian is changed, as well as tlie zenith and "horizon, every step we take
toward the east or west ; bnt if we pass in a right line northward or south-
ward, we still continue under the same Meridian, though we constantly
change the zenith and horizon. However, geographers only reckon 3th
Meridians, which are supposed to pass through every degree of the equinoctial.
It has been customary for geographers to establish a First Meridian ; though
this is altogether arbitrary : Ptolemy placed it at the island of Ferro, which is
the most western of the Canaries ; but the common method, at present, is for
every geographer to make the Meridian of the capital of his country the First
Meridian ; and, accordingly, the longitudes of this Dictionary are reckoned
east or west from the Meridian of London or Greenwich, The use of the
brass Meridian of a globe, is to show when it is noon or midnight at the place
to which it is applied ; and also to find the latitude of places, north or south,
from the equator.
The Ecliptic is a great circle that cuts the equator obliquely, and represents
that path in the heavens, which the Sun seems to describe by the Earth's
annual course round it. It is divided into 1'2 parts, called signs, and each df
those into 30 more, called degrees, corresponding to the 12 months, and the
. days of the mon th .
The Horizon is a great circle that divides the world into two equal parts
or hemispheres, of which one is superior and visible, and the other inferior
and invisible. When the Sun is above this circle it is then day, and when it
is sunk 1 8 degrees beneath it, night then commences. This circle is of wood,
and the brass meridian is inclosed therein with all the rest of the sphere : it is
also immoveable, and on it are marked the degrees of the 12 signs of the eclip-
tic, and the days of the 1 2 months of the year.
The Tropics are two small circles parallel to the equinoctial, described by
the first points of the first degrees of the signs termed Cancer and Capricorn,
that is when they touch the ecliptic. They are distant from the equinoctial
very near 23 degrees and a half. The Sun describes these Tropics about the
20th day of June, and the 21st day of December. When he touches the Tro-
pic of Cancer, he makes the longest day for the inhabitants Isetween the
equator and the north pole j and when he comes to the beginning of Capri-
corn, he makes the longest day for the people between the equator and the
south pole. On the contrary, the shortest day to the former will be when the
Sun touches the Tropic of Capricorn, and to the latter when he comes to the
Tropic of Cancer. For this reason, those points are called the winter and the
summer Tropics, or the southern and northern ; and they are as it were the two
barriers, beyond which the Sun never passes.
The Polar Circles are distinguished by the names of the arctic and antarctic,
or the north and the south, and are circles parallel to the equinoctial. They
are termed Polar, because they are near the poles of the world, being only 23
degrees and a half from each pole. ,
The Map of the World, at the beginning of this book, represents the globe,
taken out of its horizon, cut through, turned up, and squeezed flat. The
circles bounding the projection, represent the brass meridian j and the curve
lines running across, at every 10 degrees, show the latitude, north or south,
from the equator. The top and bottom are the north and south poles j and
the curve lines uniting them are the other meridians on the globe, which are
drawn at every lO degrees on^the equator, and sliow the longitude, east or
west, from the meridian of Greenwich. The equator or equinoctial is the
straight line running across the meridians exactly in the middle. The tropics
and polar circles are delineated at their proper distances on each side toward
the north and south.
XtT
INTRODUCTION.
'/■:
r
Of the Zones.
The Zones are five broad spaces eiicotn passing the globe, and are distin-
guished chiefly by the temperature of the air. The torrid Zone contains all
the space bet\(reen the two tropics, and is so called from its excessive heat, the
Sun being vertical twice every year to all that inhabit it. This circle is about
47 degrees broad. The two temperate Zones are so called from their lying
between the two extremes of heat and cold, viz. between the tprrid Zone and
the frigid Zones, the one being called the Northern temperate Zone, and the
other the Southern temperate Zone. These are both 43 degrees broad. Of
the two frigid Zones, the one encompasses the arctic or nurih pole, and ex-
tends to the distance of 23 degrees and a half from it ; and the other^ the
antarctic or south pole, to the same distance.
Of the Climates.
A Climate is a space of the Earth comprehended between two parallels, at
the end of which the length of the longest days are increased half an hour in'
the summer season. The better to understand this we must observe, that
under the equator the longest day is no more than twelve hours, and that ia
proportion as we advance toward the polar circle, the days of each climate in-
crease half an hour, till we arrive at the polar circles ; for then the longest
days consist of 24 hours. Thus there are 2-1- Climates in all, on each side of
the equator. It is easy to know in what Climate a city is, by obseiTing the
longest day j as, for instance, at London, where the days are J 6 hours long,
■we need only subtract 2 from the number, and there will remain four j then
multiply this by two, and you will have eight, which is the Climate of London.
The same may be done for any other Climate.
I-
Of the Points of the Compass,
The Earth may be considered, with regard to the four cardinal Points, which
are the north, south, east, and west ; and all the points included between them
may have respect to a particular place. By this means we know the situation
of the different countries of the world, with regard to each other j for some are
oriental or toward the east, with regard to those that are occidental, or lie
westerly of them. Thus Ireland is to the west of England, Poland is tc the
east of Germany, and Africa is to the south of Europe. We may easily dis-
tinguish the points that lie between those that are cardinal : thus, though
Spain is to the south of France, yet it likewise lies to the westward thereof;
but as they do not lie exactly south or west of each other, Spain may be said
to lie southwest of France ; and for the same reason, on the contrary, France
will be northeast with regard to Spain. The like may be said of any two
other countries.
Of the Terms used in Geography.
The word Geography comes from the Greek, and signifies a description of
the Earth. By the Earth is meant the terraqueous globe, composed of land
and water, and it is commonly called the terrestrial globe. Chorography is
the description of a country, province, or county j ae, for instance, Dorset-
shire. Topography is thfe description of a particular place, as a town and the
like. Hydrography is a description of the water, such as oceans, seas, and
lakes.
The Earth may be represented either in the whole, or in part, by geo-
graphical charts or maps, which may be reduced to two kinds j namely.
mr
are distin-
1
ontains all
H '
e heat, the
H
le is about
H
their lying
H
Zone and
^H
le, and the
9
)road. Of
iy
e, and ex-
-IS
other, the
>9
arallelfl, at
an hourin^
serve, that
ind that in
climate in-
the longest
ach side of
sei'ving the
lours long,
four; then
of London.
ription of
d of land
graphy is
Dorset-
n and the
seas, and
by geo-
namely.
■,*f
nts, which
■ ''i
iveen them
ii
e situation
>r some are
ital, or lie
■■,f
d is tc the
' '^
easily dis-
■■'*
is, though
d thereof;
vjaii
ay be said
hI
ry, France
W-
f any two
Ik'
INTRODUCTION.
general and particular. Among the former is the map of the world, or '
planisphere, which shows the two surfaces of the whole terrestrial globe,
bisected by the meridian passing through the equinoxes > as also the ni9ps
which describe some principal part of the globe, such as Europe, Asia, or
Africa J and even kingdoms, as Sweden, Spain, or Great Britain. However,
those maps may be called particular, which represent any particular country ;
but they are more properly such which exhibit only a part, as Naples in Italy,
Galicia in Spain, or Staffordshire in England.
But nothing can give a better or more general idea of the Earth than a
globe, because it is of tlie same shape and figure j yet as it is impossible to
make one large enough to show every part of the land and sea distinctly, there
is a necessity of having recourse to general and particular maps.
Geography, as well as oti er arts and sciences, has terms proper to itself;
some of which have relation to the land, and others to the water.
A Continent is a large part of land that comprehends several countries not
separated by any sea : thus Europe is a continent.
An Island, or Inle, is a portion of land entirely surrounded by water.
A Penimula is a quantity of land which is joined to a continent only by a
neck of the same, it being every where else encompassed by water j as the
peninsula of the Crimea.
An Isthmus, or neck of land, is that part by which a peninsula is joined to
the land ; as the isthmus of Darien.
A Promontory \i a high part of land, which projects into the sea, and is
commonly called a Cape, when it appears like a mountain ; but when the
advanced part has little elevation, it is termed a Point. Thus the Cape of
Good Hope is a mountainous promontory.
An Ocean is a large collection of waters bordering or surrounding a con-
siderable part of a continent ; such as the Atlantic i'.nd Indian Oceans. v
A Sen is a smaller collection of waters, when understood in a strict sense, as
the Mediterranean Sea ; but, in general, every part cf .the ocean may be called
the sea ; and it is still more general, when the terraqueous globe is said to con-
sist of land and sea.
A Channel is a narrow sea, confined between an island and a continent, or
between two islands ; as the English Channel, and St. George Channel.
A 6'tt// is a part of ihe sea surrounded by land, except in one part where it
communicates with the ocean ; as the Gulf of Bengal, the Gulf of Florida ;
and yet these are more properly seas than ths Mediterranean, the Baltic, and
the Black Seas, which, properly speaking, are gulfs, as well a^ the Gulf of
Venice.
A liuy is said to differ from a gulf only in being less, and more narrow at
the entrance than within ; but this is far from being true : for a bay has a
wider entrance in proportion than a gulf, and it may be also larger than some
gulfs; as, for instance, the Bay of Biscay ; though it must be acknowledged
that bays in general are much smaller.
A Crceli is a small iplet, and is always much less than a bay.. .
A Road is a place upon any coast where there is good anchorage, and where
vessels, in some sense, are sheltered from the wind.
A Strait is a narrow passage which joins two seas, two gulfs, or a sea aod a
gulf; such as the Sound, near the Baltic; and the Strait of Gibraltar^ be-
tween the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.
A Lake is a collection of standing water surrounded by land, having no
communication with the sea, except by a river. Thus the Caspian Sea is
truly and properly a lake. Smaller lak-^ are those of Ladoga, Geneva, and
several others.
XVI
INTRODUCTION.
Description of a Map. '
The to^ of most modem Maps is considered as the north, the bottom as the
south, the right hand as the east, and the left hand as the west. In old maps,
where this rule is not always strictly followed, a flower de luce is generally
placed on some part of it, pointing toward the north, by which the other
points are easily known.
On the top of the map, between the marginal lines, are placed the several
figures, which show the number of degrees of eastern or western longitude of
every place that is directly under those figures. At the bottom of most maps
are placed the same figures as those at the top ; but in maps of the best sort,
instead of them are placed the number of hours or minutes every place in it
lies distant, east or west, from its chief town or first meridian. For instance,
every place which is situate one degree east from another, will appear to have
the Sun four minutes of time brfore it ; and any one place, situate one degree
west of another, will appear to havie the Sun four minutes of time qftur it.
Again, a place situate fifteen degrees east of us. as Naples, will- appear to have
the Sun one complete hour he/ore us at London ; and a place situate fifteen
degrees west of us, as the island of Madeira, will appear to have the Sun one
hour after us at London.
On the right and left hand of every map, between the margina^4tnes, are
placed figures that show the number of degrees, either north or south latitude,
which every place parallel with them is distant from the equator. Thus
London is situate 5 1 degrees 30 minutes of north latitude ; that is, it is so
many degrees and minutes north from the equator. Over most maps are
drawn lines from the top tb the bottom, and from the right hand to the left -,
those which run from the top to the bottom are lines of longitude, and those
which Cross them, lines of latitude j but these are sometimes omitted, when a
map is too full to admit them.
Kingdoms or provinces are divided from each other by a row of single points,
and they are often stained with different colours. Cities or great touns are made
like small houses, with a little circle in the middle of them ; but smaller towns
or vitlages are marked only with little circles. Mountains are imitated in the
form of little rising hillocks; and forests are represented by a collection of
little trees. The names of villages are written in a running hand, those of
cities in a Roman chaiapter, and those of provinces in large capitals. The sea
is generally left as an empty space on the map, except where there are rocks,
~ sands, or shelves, currents of water or wind. Rvcks are sometimes made in
maps like little pointed things sticking up sharp in the sea. Sands or shelves
are denoted by a great heap of little points placed in the shape of these sands,
as they have been found to lie in the ocean, by sounding the depths. Currents
of water are described by several long parallel crooked strokes, imitating a
current. The course of winds is represented by the heads of arrows pointing
to the coasts toward which the wind blows. Small rivers are described by a
single croektd waving line, and large rivers by such double and treble lines
made strong and' black. Bridges are distinguished by a double line across the
rivers.
)ottom as the
In old maps,
I is generally
icli the other
ed the several
n longitude of
of most maps
the best sort,
!ry place in it
For instance,
ippear to have
ite one degree
time qfUr it.
ippear to have
situate fifteen
^e the Sun one
inal-4tnes, are
south latitude,
|uator. Thus
liat is, it is so
lost maps are
»d to the left ;
ide, and those
nitted, when a
t single points,
oxvns are made
smaller towns
mitated in the
collection of
and, those of
tals. The sea
ere are rocks,
times made in
tnds or shelves
>f these sands,
ths. Currents
I, imitating a
rows pointing
lescribed by a
d treble lines
line across the
4. . 'T^E
GENERAL GAZETTEER $
OR, COMPENDIOUS
GEOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY*
'I
A A R
J A, n river of Dutch Brabant, which
■^ waters Helmont, and joins the
Dommel, near Bois le Due.
Aoy a river of Holland, which waters
Zwoll, and enters the Vecht, oppofite
Haflelt.
yla, a river of Weftphalia, which rifts
near Munfter, waters that city, and flows
into the £mbs.
^ia, a river of France, which rifes in
the department of Somme, becomes na-
vigable near St. Omer, and pafli^s on to
Gravclines, where it enters the German
ocean.
yla, a river of Courland, wl.! :h rifcs in
Samojitia, and flows into the gulf of
Riga.
Aa, a river in Swifltrland, which rifes
in the valley of Engelberg, crofles Un-
dervvalden, and flows into the Wald-
ftaetter See. Near tlie abbey of Engel-
berg, it has a noble cataract.
Aahus, a town of Weftphalia, in the
principality of Munfter, on the river Aa,
Kz miles Nw ofCoesfdd.
^ain Chaiain, a village fix miles from
Jerufalem, faid to be the place where
IZacharias lived. It is frequented by
pilgrims ; and near it there is a large
convent, with a fplendid altar that is
faid to ftand on the fpot where John the
baptill was born.
Jtilen, a town of Suabia, fituate on
the Kocher, 40 miles nw of Augfljurg.
Aar, a river of Swiflerland, which
iflucsfrom a lake, on the mount Grimfel,
to the E of St. Goddard ; and running
through the lakes uf Brentz and Thun
to Bern, takes a circuitous couvfe to
Soleure, whence it flows to Arburg and
Bruck, below which it receives the
Reufs and Limmat, and then enters the
Rhine, below Zureach.
Aarberg. See Arhrg ; and for other
words beginning with Aa, look under
niigic A.
ABB
Abachf a town of Bavaria, with 9
citadel, feveral Roman antiquities, and
fome fine iprings of mineral water. It
is feated on the Danube, feven miles sw
of Ratiflion.
Abakansk, a fortified town of Siberia*
in the government of Koly van, feated on
the Abakan, 340 miles es£ of Itolyvan*
Lon. 91 o E, lat. 54 50 K.
Abalakt % town of Siberia, famous
for an image of the virgin, vifited by a
great number of pilgrims. It is 14 miles
s of Tobolflc.
AbatiOf a town of Italy, famous for its
warm baths, five miles sw of Padua.
Abaianerf a town of Armenia, fituate
on the river Alengena, td miles N of
Nakfivan.
Ahaskaia, a town of Siberia, on the ri-
ver Ifchim, 128 miles s by e of Tobollk.
Lon. 69 o £, lat. 50 10 k.
Abber/ord, a town in W Yorkfliire*
with a markst on Wednefday, and a
manufacture of pins. Here are the ruins
of an ancient caftle. It is feated on the
river Cook, 16 miles sw of York, and
186 NNw of London.
Abbeville, a town of France, in the
department of Somme, on the rivet
Somme, which feparates the town into
two parts- Here arc manufaAures of
woollen cloth, canvas, coarfe linen, and
foap. It is 21 miles nw of Amiens, and
60 s of Calais- Lon. j 50E, lat. 50 7 K*
Abbey Boyle. See Bvyle.
Abbey Holm. See Holm.
Abbey Milton. See Milton^
Abbotsbury, a town in Dor£etlhire»
with a market on Thurfday. Here was
a famousBenedictine abbey, many traces
of which remain, and fome of the oflic'es
are yet entire. A mile w of the town is
Strangeways>caille, where therq is a
large fwannery. Abbotibury is feated
near thu ft?a, feven miles wsw of DqjCf
chcfl;er,and 127 w by s gf London.
ABE
Abbots Lanifley, a viUAge in Hertford-
fhire, four miU-s sw of St. Albai>; fa-
mous for being the birthplace of Nicho-
las Breakfpeare, who, under the name of
Adrian iv, was the only £nglifliman
that rvcr became pope.
Alb (Sf.) Ileaa, a promontory on the
E coaft of Scotland, lo miles nnw of
Berwick. The ranains of a church and
a callle arc ftill vifiblc on its heights.
Lon. 1 TO w, lat. 55 54 n.
Abenrade, a town of Denmark, in
Slefwick, feated on a fpacious bay of the
Baltic, furrounded by mountains. Lon.
9 14 E, lat. 55 6 N.
Abtnspers^, a town and callle of Ba-
varia, on the river Abens, near the Da-
nube, 15 miles sw of Ratifbon.
Abcravou, a village of Wales, in Gla-
morganfhire, at the mouth of the Avon,
five miles s of Neath. Here are copper
and tin works; and near it, at the foot
of a woody mountain, are the ruins of
Margam abbey.
• ATerhofkicK, or Arhrnath, a fe.iport
and borough of Scotland, in Angusfhirc,
at the mouth of the Brothick. The har-
bour is fmall, but commodious, and de-
fended by a long pier, and a neat bat-
tery. The chief exports are coal, lime,
thread, barley, and wheat. Here are
confiderablc manufactures of canvas and
linen, and the magnificent ruins of an
abbey. It is 48 miles nne of Edinburg.
Lon. a 33 w, lat. 56 31 n.
Abcrconwmj, a town of Wales, in Car-
Darvonlhire, with a market on Friday.
It is furrounded by a wall with towers;
and on a rocky promontory are the
mafly remains of a caftle, formerly one
of the moft magnificent ftruAures of the
kind in the kingdom. It ftands near the
mouth of the Conway, 18 miles ene of
Carnarvon, and a,'\6 wnw of London.
Abercom, a town of Scotland, tu W
Lothian. The Roman wall built by An-
toninus began at this place, and extend-
ed to Kirkpatrick, on the frith of Clyde.
It ftands near the frith of Forth, four
miles N E of Linlithgow.
Abercorn, a town of the ftate of Geor-
gia, on the river Savanna, ao miles nw
of Savamla.
Aberdeen, New, a city of Scotland,
capital of Aberdeenfhire, fituate on an
eminence, at the mouth of the Dee.
The college, called Marifchal college, is
an ancient edifice, and a very refpeitable
fem^nary. Befide two papift churches,
and the college kirk, there is an elegant
cpifcopal chapel, and fevcral mceting-
houfcs. The other public buildings are,
a townhoufe, Gordon's hofpital, a lu-
^\Xc Itofpils^It aad an iB&noary. T^e
fyv.jp:
ABE
harbour is defended by a ftrong ftone
pier,and two batteries. Befide the coaft-
ing trade, velTels are fent hence to the
Baltic, the Levant, and the W Indies.
The manufactures arc stockings, thread,
cottons, icC' and great quantities of fal-
mon and pork are pickled here. The
city is governed by a lord provoft, and
the number of the inhabitants in 1801
was 17,597. It is 120 miles NNeut'
Edinburg. Lon. i j; w, lat. 57 6 n.
Aberdeen, Old, or Aberdoity a borough
of Scotland, one mile n pf Now Aber-
deen, on tht! s bank of the mouth of th«
Pon. It was anciently a bifhop's fee,
and ^he remains of the cathedral now
form the parifh church. The King's
College is a large ftately fabric, and the
townhoufe is a neat modern ftrudlurc.
In 1 80 1, the number of its inhabitants
was 991 1.
Aberdeenshire, a county of ScoMand,
90 miles long and 38 broad; bounded
on the N and e by the German ocean, s
by the counties of Kincardine, Angus,
and Perth, and w by thofe of Invernefs
and Banff. It contains 458,000 acres,
and is divided into 85 parifhes, which
in 180T included 123,081 inhabitants.
The NE part, extending toward the
river Ythan, is. called Buchan, and the
Wangle, confifting of vaft woodland
mountains, is called Mar Foreft, in
which the river Dee takes its rife. There
is much excellent pafture in the high
parts J and the level tract, calltd Strath-
bogie, contains many well cultivated
fields. It has quarries of granite, mill-
stone, and lim(ftone ; and veins of man-
ganefe and plumbag;o. The principal
rivers are the Dee, Don, Ythan, Deve-
ron, and Bogie, which abound with ex-
cellent falmon.
Aberdviir, a town of Scotland, in Fife-
fhire, with manufadures of checks and
iron utenfils, feated on the Forth, 10
miles NW of Edinburg.
Aberdour, a fifhing town of Scotland,
in Aberdeenfhire, with the remains of
an ancient caftle, feated on the German
ocean, eight miles w of Fraferburg.
Aherfraw, a village of Wales, in An-
glefcy, at the mouth of the Aber, fix
miles NwofNewburg. It was formerly
a place of great account, the princes of
N Wales having then a palace here.
It has a trade in flannel8,manufa<ftured in
the neighbourhood ; and the mountains
near it abound in coal, iron, and lime-
(tone. Several iron- works have been
lately eredted.
ALergavenny, a town in Monmouth-
(hire, with a market on Tuefday. Here
art tbe ruing of a caftle» a large Gothic
y a ftrong ftone
Befide the coad-
L>nt hence to thu
d the W Indies.
tocktngs,thrfad,
Quantities of fat-
ed here. The
3rd provoft, and
labitants in i8oi
a miles nne ut'
w, lat. 57 6 N.
erjon, a borough
N pf New Aber-
the mouth of th«
y a bilhop's fee,
e cathedral now
:h. The King's
ly fabric, and the
nodern ftrufture.
}f its inhabitants
inty of Scotland,
broad ; bounded
German ocean, »
rv:ardinc, Angus,
hofe of Invernefs
19 458,000 acres,
5 parilhes, which
1,08 » inhabitants,
ding toward the
Buchan, and the
)f vaft woodland
Mar Foreft, in
kf-s its rife. There
fture in the high
ict, calltd Strath-
well cultivated
of granite, mill-
and veins of man-
The principal
n, Ythan, Devc-
abound with ex-
[Scotland, in Fife-
res of checks and
[n the Forth, 10
)wn of Scotland, ^^
the remains of
on the German
' Fraferburg.
bf Wales, in An-
|of the Aber, fix
It was formerly
|t, the princes of
a palace here-
Imanufadturedin
Id the mountains
liron, and lime-
lorks have been
in Monmouth"
'uefday. Here
, a large Gothic
A B r
church which formerly belonged to a
priory, and a frcefchool fuunded by
Henry v 1 1 1 . It has a tnde in flannels, and
in the adjacent mountains are fome great
iron-worUs. It is feated on the Gavenny,
at its confluence with theUflc, 16 miles
w of Monmouth, and 146 w by N of
London. Lon. 3 10 w, lat- n 5° ".
Aher^flei/t a town of ^Vales, in Den-
highfliiro, "with a market on Saturday-
It is much frequented for bathing, and
ftands on the teacoaft, i« miles Nw of
Denbigh and a»9 of London.
ALernrlhyt a town of Scotland, in
Pcrth(hire, formerly the feat of the
Pidifli kings, and the fee of a bifliop.
The church is fuppofed to have been
the cathedral, and near it is an antique
tower 7+ feet high and 48 in circum-
ference- It has a manufadure of linen,
and is feated on the Tay, a little above
the influK of the Erne, fix miles se of
Perth.
Aheryifwitfi, a town of Wales, in
Cardiganfliire, with amarkct on Monday.
In the bathing fcafon it is a fafhionable
watering place. Here are the remains
of a calile, on a craggy eminence, once
the rtfidence of the great Cadwalia-
der; and, in the neighbourhood, the
filver and lead mines whence the cele-
brated fir Hugh Middleton acquired his
large fortune. It is feated near the
mouth of the Yftwith, in Cardigan bay,
34 miles NE of Cardigan, and 208 wnw
of London. Lon- 4 3 w, lat. s* *% n.
AbeXf a country of Afi'ica, extending
from the i6th to the aad degree of n lat-
along the coaft of the Red fea, which
bounds it on the e, and Abyflinia and
Nubia furround it on all the other
parts. It is fandy and barren, being
deftitute of water. The inhabitants are
Mahometans. Suaquam is the capital.
Aiinf^rnsso, a town of Italy, in the
Milanefe, feated on a canal, la miles
$w of Milan.
AHn-rdon, a borough in Berkfliire,
with a market on Monday and Friday.
The fummer affizes are held here- It
has a handfome townhall, two churches,
and a fpacious corn-market- Great
quantities of malt are made here, and
fent in barges to London- It is feated
on the Thames, feven miles s of Oxford,
and 56 w of London. Lon. 112 w, lat.
51 40 N.
Ahitifrdon, a town of Maryland, in
Marford county. Here is Cokelbury
foUege, inftituted by the methodifts in
J 7 85- It is fituate at the head of the
tide waters on BuOi ri»er, 20 miles n e
«f Riltimore.
Abingdon, a town of Virginia, ca.
A B R
pital of Wafl)ington county, iio mHcB
W3W of Uichmund. Lun. 8t 5,5 w,
lat- 36 40 N.
Abkhas, one of the feven nationi in
the countries comprehended between
the Black fea and the Cafpian. Their
principal and mod ancient dabliili*
mcnts are on the fouthern flupu of the
mouutains comprehended between the
river Cuban and the Black fea. They
are tributary to the Turks, and are di-
vided into two govornmentst the weft-
ern and the eadern i each fubje*^ to a
bafiiaw, commonly chufen out of the
principal native families; one of whom
refidesat Sotchukkalc and the other at
SoghumkaU-. The Abkhas fpeak an
original language, which appears to
have a remote affinity to that of the
Circafliaiis. They have, at prefcnt, very
little religion, although they ftill preferve
fome traces of Chriftianity. Their chief
town is Anacopia.
Ablay, a country in Great Tartary,
fubje(5t'to the Kufiians. Lon. from 73
to 83 E, lat. 51 to 54 N.
AbloCf a town of Little Tartary, be-
tween the river Dnieper and the Black
fea. Lon. 33 15 e, lat. 46 ao N.
Abo, a feaport of Sweden, capital of
Finland Proper, and a bifliop's fee»
with a caftle. It contains feveral brick
houfes, but the generality are of wood
painted red. The inhabitants, cftimated
at i2,ooo, export linen, tobacco,flax»
and iron, but the principal trade is in
timber. Here is a univerfity, founded
in 1640, by queen Chriftiana; and a
royal botanic garden, edabliflied by the
late king- It is fituate on the Aura,
near its entrance into the gulf of Both-
nia, 170 miles ENE of Stockholm. Lon.
aa r.i e, lat 60 47 n.
Abottkir, an ifland and bay on the
coafl: of Egypt, at the mouth of the
Nile, rendered famous by the total de-
feat and deftrudtion of the French fleet»
by admiral Nelfon, on the ift of Au-
guft, 1798. The Italians call the ifland
Bicchieri, and the French Beguires. It
is ao miles E N E of A le.Kandria. Lon. 3 1
24 E, lat. 31 aa n.
Aboutij^, a town of Upper Egypt,
where the beft opium is made ; feated
near the Nile, 170 miles s of Cairo.
Abraiifex, a town of Portugal, in
Eftremadura, on the river Tajo. It has
four churches, befide convents, and ia
80 miles NE of Lifbon. LoD. 7 13 w,Iat.
39 ^3 '*•
Abrui; Banya, or Abrolania, a town
of Tranfylvania, near which afe mine*
of gold and filver. It is ao milcs WNW
of WeiiTciiburg.
B a
/
h
ADY
AbruTto, a province of Naple*, bound-
ed on the i by the gulf ot Venice* M
and w by Anconia, Umbri.ii and Cam*
pagfia di Koma, and s by Terra di
Lavoro and Mulifc. It \» dlvidt'd into
two parts by the river Pcfcara, one call-
ed Ultcriorci which has Aqiiila for its
capital ; and tht> other Citeriore, of
wiiich Civita di Chicli h the capital.
This country "is fertile in corn, ric«,
fruitt and raifron ; but the woods abound
with bears and wolves
Mf, a town of France, in the di*-
partment of Artlechc. It was formerly
the capital of Vivat ez, and the fee of a
bifliop ; but now little, belide ruins, re-
mains nf its ancient (grandeur. It is
eight miles nw of Vivicrs.
Jbf/dus, a town and caftic of Afiatic
Turkey, in Natolia, on the (Irait of
Gallipoli- Here all fliips from the Ar-
chipelago are fcarchcd. Lon. 37 36 k,
lat. 40 16 N.
Abi/o, or Ahtyo, oneof the Phillippinc
idands, br-tuct.-n Mindinio and Luzon,
where the Spaniards have a fort. Lon.
Ill 15 E, lat. 10 O N.
-ci/'j^winia, a kingdom of Afi-ica, 800
iniles long and 600 broad, bounded on
the N by Nubia, e by the Red fea and
Dancala, w byGorham.and s by Gingia
and Alaba. It is one of the lolt moun-
tainous and precipitous countries in the
ftoxXd ; but in a few vales the foil is
black and fertile- The rainy fenfon
continues from April to September.
This is fucceeded, without interval, by
a cloudlefs iky, and a vertical fun. Cold
nights as inftantly follow thefe I'corching
days. The earth, notwithttanding thele
days, is perpetually cold, fo as to feel
difagrecable to the foUs of the feet;
partly owing to the fix months rain,
when no fun appears, and partly to the
perpetual equality of nights and days.
There is no country in the world that
produces a greater variety of quadru-
peds, both wild and tame ; but there
are no tigers. The hyena^?, however,
are very numerous, anJ dreadful in
their ravages. Ikfide ea^Mcs, vultures,
&c. there is a fpooie:? of glede, called
haddayn, which is frequent in Kgypt,
and comes punctually into Abyfiinia,
at the return of the fun, after the tro-
pical rains ; and ftoiks are numerous in
May, when the rains become conftant :
there are few owls t but thefe are of an
immcnfe fize and 'beauty. The moft
remarkable infedt is the Ttfaltfal, a
large fly, which is fo fatal to cattle,
that, in Ibnic particular diftrids, great
Mnigrations take place in the beginning
of the rainy feafon, to prevent the ftuck
ACE'
of cattle from being deftroycfl. Tlierff
is a remarkable coincidence between the
cuAoms 'n the covrt of ancient Perfu
and thofe of Abyflinia. The religion
of the country is a mixture of Judaifm
and of the Chriftianity of the Gret-k
church ; and the language bears a great
affinity to the Arabic. The native* arc
of a dark olive complexion ; and the
drefs is a light robe, bound with a falb,
the head being covered with a kind of
turban. The houfes are of a conic form,
meanly built of clay, and covered with
thatcb ; and even the churches are of a
round form, encircled by a portico.
Some travellers fay that at an Abyflinian
banquet the flefli is cut from the live
oxen ; but others only affirm that the
natives are fond of raw flefh, a taite
not unknown to other nations. Accord-
ing to Mr. Bruce, the celebrated river
Ndc has its fource in this country.
Gondar is the metropolis.
Acadia. See Nura Scotia.
Acainhou, a kingdom on the coaft of
Guinea. The king is abfolute, and o.ie
of the moft powerful on that coaft :
his fubjedts are brave and warlike, but
rapacious and cruel.
Aca7mt/, an inland country of Gui-
nea, affording the beft gold in great
plenty. There is a town of the Tame
name. Lon. o 30 e, lat. 8 30 n.
Acapulco, a city of Mexico, feated on
abay of the Pacific ocean. The harbour
is very commodious, and defended by a
flrong caflle. Every year a rich fbip is
fent to Manilla; and another returns
annually thence to this port, laden with
the moft valu-ible commodities of the E
Indies. Here is an hofpital, maintained
by the merchants, and deduftions from
the pay of the foldiers. Lon. loi 10 w,
lat. 17 21 ' .
Acaraif a town of Paraguay, built by
thcjefuitsin 1624. Lon. 51 5 w,lat.26 os.
Acasaiastlan^ a town of Mexico, in
the province of Vera Paz, fituate on a
river of the fame name, 25 miles from
its mouth in the gulf of Dulce, and ?»
ENF. of Guatimala. Lon. 91 40 w, lat-
14 58 N.
Acbaralad. See Agra.
Accrenza, a city of Naples, capital of
Bafilicata, and an archbifhop's fee. It
is feated on the Branduno, at the foot of
the Apennines, 97 miles e by s of Na-
ples. Lon. 16 s ^* l^t. 40 44 N.
AcertiOf a. town of Naples, in Prin-
cipato Citeriore, i% miles ne of Sa«
lerno.
Acerra, a town of Naples, in Ter-
ra di Lavoro, feated ontiic Agooy i*
miles HE of Naples.
lyed. Therff
: between the
iiicicnt PcrfM
The religion
re of Judstifm
af the Greek
I bears a great
he nativL'i arc
ion ; and the
id with a fa(ht
with a kind of
f a conic form,
I covered with
jrchcs are of a
by a portico.
t an Abyflinian
from the live
iffirm that the
fle(h, a tafte
tiona. Accord-
eliibrated river
this country.
otin. ^
on the coaft or
)rolute, and o.ie
on that coaft :
[id warlilie, but
ountry of Gui-
; gold in great
vn of the fame
8 30 N .
lexico, feated on
The harbour
_ defended by a
ar a rich Ihip is
mother returns
)ort, laden with
lodtties of the E
ital, maintained
eduftions from
Lon. loi xo w,
aguay, built by
i5W,lat.26os.
of Mexico, ia
z, fituate on a
15 miles from
Dulce, and 7»
91 ao w, lat.
iples, capital of
(ifhop's fee. It
J, at the foot of
E by s of Nia-
lo 44 N •
laples, in Prin-
■les NE of Sa«
[aples, m Ter-
itheAgno» i»
A C H A C R
Ach,h town of Suabia, In the Und- county of SHfo,ind a bilhop'n fee united
mavatc of Nellcnbiirg, on the river Ach,
14 miles WK of Schaffhaufen.
Ackam, a country in Afia, bounded
on the N by Bootan, t by China, s by
Birmah, and w by Ilindooftan. It is
very little known to the Europeans.
Achcen, a kingdom in the nw part of
Sumatra, now very different from earlier
timtjl, when it was powerful enough to
expel the Portuguefe from the itland,
and its fovereigns received embaflies
from fome of the grcatelt potentates of
Europe. It is compirativcly healthy,
being more free from woods and fwamps^
than the otiicr parts of the ifland. Its'
chief pro(lii>!t9 are fine fruits, rice,
cotton, gold diift, and lulphur. The
Achenife nrc taller, ftouter, and darker
compL-xiontd than the otherSumatrans.
They are more adlive and indiiftrious
than their neighbours, and have more
fagacity and penetration. They are
Mahometans.
Acheeiiy the capital of a kingdom of
the fame name, :n Sumatra, feated near
the mouth of a river, on the nw j)oint
of the idand, or Acheen Head, in a
wide valley, formed by two lofty ranges
of hills. The river, which empties it-
felf by feveral channels, is very (hallow
at the bar. The houfes are built of
bamboos and rough timbers, and are
raifed fome feet from the ground, this
part of the country being overflowed in
the rainy feafon. It is an open town,
in the centre of which is the king's
palace, a mile and a half in circumfe-
I rence, furrouiided by a wide and deep
[ moat, and ftrong walls. A manufa(5lure
^of a thick kind of cotton cloth, and of
>Uuff for the fhort trowfers worn by the
iMaiaysand Achenefe, iseftablifhed here.
[Payments are commonly made in gold
fduft, which is carried about in bladders.
|The Achenefe are bold and expert na-
vigators. Crimes are punifhed here with
remarkable rigour ; but the rod ofjullice,
lit is luppofecl, falls only on the poor :
i yet the Achenefc are fuppofed to be the
moil diOionefl and flagitious people in
the Ealt. Acheen is loeo miles se of
Madras. Lon. 95 34 e, lat. 5 aa N.
Ac/iteiten, a town of Auitria, on the
.Danube, iz miles ese of Ens.
Ackmetschety a town of the Crimea.
See Sympheropol.
Acimim, a town of Egypt, the refi-
dence of an emir, or prince of the coun-
try. It has manufadtures of coarfe cot-
tons, and ftands on a fmall eminence, on
the right bank of the Nile, 440 miles s
of Cairo. Lon. 31 56 e, lat. a6 40 K.
Achonrtjf a town of Ireland, in the
to Killala. It is feated on the Shannon,
t6 miles wsw of Sligo.
Achifetttn, A town of Su.ibia, fix
miles NW of ."Vugfljurg.
Acliifr, a ftrong town and caftle of
Ukraine, on the riv»;r Uorfklo, i%j miles
K of Kiow. Lon. 36 10 k, lat. 49 1% n.
Ackcn, a town of Lower Saxony, in
the duchy of Maidcburg, with i citadel,
fituate on the Elbe, five miles nw of
Deflau.
Aroma, or f^t. F.itcvan de Afotna, a
town of New Mexico, feated on a high
mountain, with a ftrong caftle. It is
the capital of a province. Lon. 104
15 w, lat. 35 o N.
Acqs, a town of France, in the de.
partment of Arricge, on the river Av-
riege, ^0 miles sse of Foix.
Act/i/a, a town of Tufcany, noted for
its warm baths, 15 miles £ of Leg-
horn.
Acquapcndenle, a town of Italy, in
the territory of Orvieto, feated on a
mountain, near the river Paglia, 10
miles w of Orvieto.
Acguaria, a town of Italy, Jn the
Modenefe, noted for its medicinal wa-
ters, 12 miles s of Modena.
Acqvavha, atown of Naples, in Terra
di Bari, 18 miles s of Bari.
Acra, a territory of Guinea, on th«
Gold coaft, where fome European
ftateshave forts, and each fort its village.
Lon. I E, lat. 5 25 N.
Acre, or <S'/. John d'Acre, a fcaport of
Syria, in Paleftine, and a bifhop's fee.
It is called Ptolemais by the Greeks,and
ftands on a plain at the m point of a
bay, which extends in a femicircle of
nine miles to the point of Mount Carmel»
near the mouth of the Kardanah, or
ancient Bclus. In the time of the cru<«
fades, it underwent ft vcral lieges; and
nothing is now to be fijen of this ancient
city, but the remains of mpnuments
eretSied by the Chriftians, and fome ruins
of a church dedicated to St. Andre vr.
The new city is diftant one mile from
the ancient walls, and the fortifications
are of little importance. The palace of
the grand maftcr of the order of St, John
of Jerufalem is the rcfidence of the chief
of Acre. Here are three mofques, four
churches,and a fynagogue. Thechief ar-
ticles of commerce are corn aqd cottpn.
In «7J9> great damage was done by an
earthquake ; ano tlie ye?r follovnng
5000 perfons, near one third of the in-
habitants, died by the plague. In 1799,
aided by the Britifh under fir W. S-
Smith, it withftoQd a fevere iiege by
the Frendi und^ Sonaparte, wh» re-
i A 00
trelted ffiter failitlg in a twelfth afTauIt,
nutf e oVfer the putrid bodies of his
foI#eni« It is 24 miles s of TyrCf and
47 M ofjerufalem- Lot). 35 20 e, lat.
33 iaK.
Acrotl^ a territory of Guinea, on the
Gold coaft. The Dutch have a fort
hertf caded Patience ; and under it is the
vill^e. Lon. o a8 Ef lat. 5 10 n.
^roteriy a town of the ifland of
Saniorini, two miles wsw of ScHuro.
ActoH-Buvnclt a village in Shrop-
fhirc* eight miles 8 of Shrewlbnry.
Hcit are cotifiderable remains of a cas-
tle, 'in which a parliament was held in
the reign of Edward i .
Adana^ a town of Atiatic Turkey, in
CarA* 17^2: and abiihop's fee, with a
ftron^r caftle. It has a trade in com,
wine, and fruits; and is I'eated on a
txvti of the fame name, la miles from
the Mediterranean, and 150 se of Cogni.
Lon. 36 6 E, lat. 37 o » .
Adaues. See Me,cicano.
Adikit a river pf Swiffcrland, which
rifes in the Grifons, runs through the
Valteline and the lake of Conilo, by
Lecco, aiid joins the Po, near Cremona.
Adely a kingdom of Africa, about 600
miles in length, on the s coaft of the
ftrait of Bahelmandel. It feldosn vains
here ; but the country is well watered
by rivers, and abounds with wheat, mil-
let, frankjncenfe, and pepper, 'llie in-
habitants are Mahometans. The ca<
pital is Au<;agurel.
Adclfors, a town of Sweden, in Smo-
land, noted for its gold mines, 70 miles
NW of Calmar.
Aden, once a rich but now abandon-
ed feaport of Arabia Felix, 1 no miles Es e
of Mocha. Lon. 45 30 e, lat- 12 36 n.
Aderheifzanf a province of Perfia,
bounded on the n by Armenia, w by
Ghilan, s by Irac Agemi, and w by
Curdiftan. Tauris is the capital-
AdtgCf a river which rifes in the
country of the Grifons, enters Tyrol,
and flows by Trent and Verona into
the gulf of Venice, 10 miles to the N
ofthePo.
Admiraliy Inlands^ aclufter of id^inds
tn the Pacific ocean, tathe nw of New
Ireland. They were difcovj.red in \'67i
fome of theio appear of confiderable
extent ; and the centre one is fuppofed
to be in lon. 146 44 e* lat. 2 18 s.
' Adon, a town of Hungary, feated in
a fruitftil country, near t^c Danube,
12 rftiles s of Buda.
Adotii, a town or Kmdooftan, in
Gc''*'>nda, on one of the branches of
the Tungebadda, j 7 5 ittilcs. sw of Hy-
drabad. Loo. 77 o £» hit. tj 37 N' '
AFG
Mbrf, a town of Upper Saxony* in
Voigtlandi feated on the Elfter, 15 thiles
KNwofEgra.
Adour, a river of France, which rifes
in the dp]^artment of Upper Pyrenees,
flows by Tarbes and Dax, .'md enters
th(! bay of Bifcay, below Bayonne.
Adra, a feaport of Spain, in Gra-
nada, 47 miles "E ot Granada. Lon. 3'
7 w, lat. 3645 s.
Adramt/if a town of Afiatic Turkey,
in Natolia, on the e coaft of a gulf of
its namC} 70 miles n by w of Smyrna.
Lon. 2650 E, lat. 39 z6 n.
Adria, a town of Italy, in Polcfino
di Rovigo, which gives name to the
Adriatic fea, and was formerly of great
note, but has been much reduced by
frequent inundations. It is feated on
theTartaro, 25 miles ssw of Venice.
Adriano, a mountain of Spain, in
Bifcay, over which is a very difficult
road to Alba and Old Caftle It is one
of the higheft of the Pyrenees ; and it
^nly inhabited by a few fhepherds.
Adriavople, a city of European Tur-
key, in Romania, the fee of an arch-
liifhop, and formerly the European feat
of the Turkifli dominion. It is eight
miles in circumference, fituate in a
plain, on the river Marifla, which here
receives two tribut.iry ftreams. Several
of the mofques are very (^lendid; and
many of the houfes neat, but the ft^eets
are narrow and deviotis- The feraglio
is feparated from the city by the river
Arda, and commands an extenfive
view of the country, which is fertile,
and famous for excellent vines. The
commerce of the city by the river is
confiderable. It is 135 miles nw of
Conftantinoplo. Lon. 26 27 e, lat- 41
55 N. . •
Adriatic Sea. See Venice^ Gulf nf.
Adrenfwe Bajf, a bay at the se end
of Van Diemen's land, fo called from the
fhip in which captain Furneaux failed.
Lon. 147 30 w, lat. 43 23 s.
Mgades, or JEgates, three fmall
idands on the w fide of Sicily, between
]Vlar<ella and Trapani ; their names are
Levenzo, Favignnna, fT"«d Maretima.
Aers/iof, a town of the Netherlands,
in Brabant, on the river Demur, ten
miles E of Mechlin.
Afp,hanislan , a country of Afia,
ftretching from the mountains of Tar-
taiy to the Arabian fea, and from the
Indus to the confines of Perfia. The
inhabitants of this wide domain havenO
written character, and fpcak a language
peculiar to thcmfblve9k They are a ro«
buft, hardy rac^ of men, and being ge-
nerally addiA^ lo k j^>ate of jMedatorj
•^^■y- ■
Jpper Saxon)^ in
ie Elfter, 1 5 utiles
rancc, which rifes
Upper Fyren-JCB,
Dax, .'itid entera
t>w Bayonne-
F Spain, in Gra-
^ranada. Lon. 3
f Afiatic Turkey,
coaft of a girif of
by w of Smyrna.
16 N.
Italy, in Polcfino
ives name to the
i formerly of great
much reduced by
It is feated on
ssw of Venice.
:atn of Spain, in
is a very difficult
I Caftle It is one
Pyrenees ; and it
:w fhephcrds.
of European TuN
e fee of an arch^
the European feat
nion. It is eight
ice, fituate in a
ariffa, which here
• ftreams. Several
«ry {jplendid; and
!at, but th«' ftreets
ns- The feraglio
city by the river
ids an extenfive
which is fertile,
llent vines. The
Y by the river is
35 miles Nw of
■ 26 27 E, iat- 41
^t'nicef Gulf of .
)ay at the s e end
fo called from the
Furneaux failed.
/!.«, three Imall
>f Sicily, between
their names are
■>d Maretima.
the Netherlands,
iver Demur, ten
Diintry of Afia,
ountains of Tar-
a, and from the
of Perfia. The
: domain have nO
fpeak a language
They are a ro«
n, and being ge-
ate of piedatory
I
.-0^'
\ I
■i
j.>f
yf
■4 *i
f i
■*"V,
^ -m t t Wg* vn;,iwiM,,j^,
I
f \
t**-"'
/*
*
%
.-v*#'
« ^, <«■■ ;,
■■*!"
•-•«%•
*«..
V^'
V"<f
i. ^:
f>
r^^Dil*^^
.i
fO
JO
A If
o
•UiX'- l&Ttnamo
fir.frfltmumtM
f- A F R ' ' if¥^ ^
warfere, their manners partake .' a b«r-
|)aroo8 infolence : they avow a fixed
contempt for the occupations of civil
life ; and aro efteemed the moft negli-
gent of religious obfervances of all the
Mahometans. Their common drefs con-
fifts of a Ihirt, which falls over the upper
part of long and narrow trowfers; a
woollen veil, fitted clofely to the body,
and reaching to the midleg ; and a high
turned up cap, of broad clothx>r cotton,
ufually o' one colour, and of a conic
form, with two fmall parallel flits in the
upper edge of its facing. The principal
cities of Afghani ftan are Candahar and
Cabul, the former of which was the ca-
pital ; but the late and piefent fultans
have kept their court at Cabul. About
the year 1720, an army of Afghans in-
vaded Perfia, took Ifpahan, and made
the fultan HuflTeyn prifoner. They kept
pofleffion of Ifpahan and the fouthem
provinces for ten years, when they were
di'feated in feveral battles, and driven
■out of the country by Nadir Kuli, com-
monly known in Europe by the name
of Kouii Khan. After Nadir had de-
pofed his fovereign, Shah Thamas, he
laid fiege to and took Candahar; but
afterward received a confiderable body
of the Afghans into his army, who be-
came his favourite foreign troops. On
his aiFaflination, in 1747* the general of
the Afghan troops, though furioufly at-
tacked by the whole Perfian army, ef-
fi'dted a fafe retreat into his own coun-
try, where he caufed himfelf to be ac-
knowledged fovereign of the Afghan
territories by the title of Ahmed Shah.
JFRICA, one of the four principal
parts of the world ; bounded on the s
by the Mediterranean fea, w by the
Atlantic ocean, s by the Southern ocean,
and E by the ifthmus of Suez, the Red
fea, and the Indian ocean. It is a pe-
ninfulaofprodigious extent, being joined
to Afia b]^ the ifthmus of Suez, which J>»
115 vnihf, over. In its greateft length,
from the moft northern part to the Cape
of Good Hope, it is 4600 miles ; and in
the broadeft part, from Cape Verd to
Cape Guardafui, it is 3 500. The greateft
patt of it is within the toiTid zone,
which rciid^^rs the heat almoft infup-
portable in many places. However, the
coafts in general are very fertile, the
fruits excellent, and the plants extraor-
dinary. There are more wild beafts
than in any other part of the world :
there are Klfo fome animals peculiar to
this country ; as i he hippopotamus, or
river horfe ; the rhinoceros, with two
huriTs on its nofe ; and the beautiful
firiped zebra. Befuile thefe, there a.e cro*
.* AG D
codiles, oftricbes. camels, and many diber'*
animals not to be met with in Europe;
There are feveral defcrts, particufarly
one of a large extent called Zahn-a ;
but thde are nut quite without tnhabit- '
ants. There are many large rivjers ;
but the principal are the Nile, N%er,
Zaire, Senegal, and Gambia* The aioft
confiderable mountains are the Atlas,
the Mountains of the Moon, and the
Sierra Leone. The inhabitants confift
of pagans, Mahometans, and Chriftians.
The firft, who poflefs the gre^ateft
part of the country, from the tropic of
Cancer to the Cape of Good Hope, are .
the moft nunierous, and ar^ generally
black. The Mahometans, who are taw-
ny, poflefs Egypt and the coaft of Bar-
bary. The people of Abyflinia are de-
nominated Chriftians, but retain many •
pagan and jcwifti rites. In the n of
Africa are fome Jews, who manage all
the littletradeofthatpart of the country.
The principal divifions of Africa are
Barbary, Egypt, Biledulgerid, Zahara,
Negroland, Guinea, Bornou, Caflina,
Fezzan, Senna, Nubia, .byflinia, Abex,'
Loango, Congo, Angola, Bebguela,
Mataman, Zanguebar, Monomotat>a,
Monomugi, Sofola, Caffraria, and the
country of the Hottentots.
4/ricflf, a feaport of tiie kingdom of
Tunis, 70 miles sse of Tunis. Lon. 1 1 '
10 E,lat. 35 36 .V.
AJ'rique^ St. a town of France, in
the department of Aveiron, fix miles £
by N of Vabres.
A'^adcsy a town of Caflina, the capital
of a province. It fends annually a cara-
van of 1000 camels to certain fait lakes
in the defert, at a place called Domboo j
which fait is diftributed •among the
other provinces of the empire. It is
a8o miles nw of Caflina. Lon. 35 30 e,'
lat. 24 20 N.
Agdllcga, or Calle^a, an ifland of
Africa, near Madagafcar. Lon. 54 8 e,
lat. 10 12 N.
AgameniicuSf a mountain of Mafla-
chufets, in the diftrift of Maine, about
eight miles from York hrflbour. It
afltjrds pafture up to its fummit, arwS
is a feamark for the entry of PifcataqUa
river. Lon. 70 39 w, lat. 43 i6 n.
Jgat/ia, Si. a town of Naples, fn
Principato Ulteriore, ao miles ne of
Naples.
-'/ga///««K/, afmail ifland of the ArchK'
pelago, about a league s of the ifle of
Samos.
4gato]ij a townon the coaft of Guinea,
ntar the mouth of the Formofa, 80
miles • of »enin. Lon. 7 6 e, lat. 7 30 v.
^IS^e, a town of Vntxv, m the de«
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lU
A 6 M.
IHt^f ^t of Herault, on the river He*
raulf, not far from its mouth in the
gulf of Lyon, where there is a fort to
defend the entrance. It is 1 7 miles n e
of Narbonne. Lon. 3 18 e, lat- 43
19N,
Agett, a city of France, capital of the
department of Lot and Garonne, and a
bifhop's fee. Prunes form here a con-
fiderable object of commerce ; and it
has manufadlures of camblets, fcrges,
and canvas. It is feated in a fertile
country, on the banks of the Garonne,
80 miles ESE of Bgurdeaux. Lun. o
36 E,lat. 44 12 i^'
Agenalaty a town of Tranfylvania,
10 miles ^fE of Ilermanftadt.
Agga, or ^itrffoiifl, a town and dif-
trift on the coaft ol' Guinea, in which
ia a very high Ivill, called the Devil's
Mount. Tlw Enplini have a fort here.
Lon. o J E,lat. 60s.
Af;gcrkui/s, a fortrefs of Norway, in a
government of the fame name, which
is full of mountains. See Vkrisilania.
Aghadne, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Kerry, and a biflvop's fee uni-
ted to Limerick and Ardfeit. It is fi-
tuate near the lake of Killarney, 15
miles ssE of Ardfert.
Aghrivi, a village of Ireland, 11 miles
KNE of Galway, memorable for the
decilive vidtory gained, in 1691, by the
army of king William, over that of
James II.
Aghrin, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Wicklow, 13 miles sw of
Wicklow.
Agimere, a province of Hindooflan
proper; bouncled on the nw by Moul-
tan, NE by Delhi and Agra, se by
j^alwa, and sw by Guzarat and Sindy.
It is an extenfive diftrift ; the se part
ipoiintainous, with fertile valleys and
plains intervening ; but the nw part is
a fandy defert, and little known.
Agimerey a town of Hindooflan, ca-
pital of a province of the fame name.
ft (lands at the foot of a high moun-
tain, on the top of v/hich is a fortrefs
of great ftrpngth. It is 150 miles w by
by s of Agra. Lon. 75 ao e, lat. 26
35 N-
Agincpurif a village of France, in the
department of Pasde Calais, feven miles
V of Hefdin. J^ear this place Henry v
of England obtained a fignal vidory
over the French, in 14 15. *
Agliaf 9 toyvQ of Piedmottt, feven
iniles s of Ivrea.
Agniatf a toiyn of Morocco, on a ri*
Ser of the fame nvoe, and on the w
de of one of the motintains of Atlas, 16
niles s of Morocco*
A G U
Agmondaham. See Ainershatn. ■'■
Agnnno, a circular lake in the kfnff*,
dom of Naples, feven miles from Puz-
zoli. It is about half a mile in diameter,
furrounded by mountains. On its mar-
gin is the famous Grotta del Cane,
where many dogs have been tortured
and fnffocated, to fhow the cffc£t of
a vapour, which rifes a foot above the
bottom of this cave, and h deftrudtivt
to animal life.
Agon, an illand of Sweden, in the '
gulf of Bothnia, with a good harbour. .
Lon. 1"^ 10 E, lat. 6i 20 n.
Agosfa,3n ifland in the gulf of Venice,
near the ooaft of Dnhn.itia, 18 miles in
ciicuml\:reni:e, and 10 sw of the ifland
of Cur/ola. Lon. 17 o e, lat. 42 55 N.
Av'ista, a town of Sicily, in Val di
Noto, with ,.n excellent harbour, on the
E coafl, 18 miles s' of Syracufe. Lon.
15 10 K, lat. ,57 20 N.
Agra, a city of Ilindooftan Proper,
capital (if a province of the fame name,
with a ftrong fort- It was once the moft
fplendid of all the Indian cities, and
now exhibits the moft magnificent ruins.
About the year 15 "^6, emperor Acbar
made it his capital, and gave his name
to it ; fince which time it is often named
Acbarabad. In the 17th century the
great mogul frequently refided here.
His palace was prodigiouOy large ; the
palaces of the omrahs and others were
numerous ; and there were above 60
caravanferas, 800 baths, 700 mofques,
and two magnificent maufoleums. It
has fince rapidly declined. In the war
with the iVJahr.ittasin 180.-;, it was taken
by the Britiih. It ftands on the right
bank of the Jumna, 100 miles ^ by e
of Delhi. Lon. 78 30 e, lat. 37 :6 n.
Agrairtf or Zagrab, a ftrong town of
Croatia, capital of the county of Za-
grab, and a bifhop's fee ; feated on the
Save, 27 miles ne of Carlftadt. Lon-
16 I S E, lat. 45 48 NT.
Agramonl, a town of Sp.iin, in Ca-
talonia, feated on a mountain, near a
fraall river, 18 miles e of Balaguer.
Agreda, a town of Spain, in Old
Caftile, eight miles sw of Taracona.
ylg>ia,itQwn of Upper Hungary, and
a biftiop's fee, with a citadel. It is
feated on the Agria, 47 miles ne of
Buda. Lon. ao 10 e, lat. 48 lo n.
Agrigan, one of the Ladrone iflands,
43 miles in compafs, and has fevcral vol-
canic mouiitains. Lon.i46oE,Iat.i94oN.
Agropoli, a town of Naples, in Prin-
cipato Citeriore, on the e fide of the
guir of Salerno, 2a miles sse of Salerno.
Aguilar, a town of Spain, in Navarre,
20 miles w of Eftella.
*M
m
Ainershain.
ake in the king-,
miles from Puz-
mile in diameter,
ins- On its mar-
rotta del Cane,
re been tortured
ow the cfFeil of
a foot above the ,
nd re deftrudtive
Sweden, in the '
a good harbour. ■;.
(O N.
he pulf of Venice,
latia, 1 8 miles in
i sw of the ifland
I E, lat. 42 5 5 N.
Jicily, in Val di
t harbour, on the
Syracufe, Lon.
idnoflan Proper,
f the fame name,
v^B once the moft
idian cities, and
nagnificent ruins.
, emperor Acbar
id gave his name
it is often named
7th century the
tly refided- hire,
ioufly lar^e ; ths
and others were
were above 6o
s, 700 mofques,
maufoleums. It
ed. In the war
80.^, it was taken
s on the right
00 miles ^ by E
, lat. 27 16 N.
ftrong town of
county of Za-
feated on the
L^arlftadt. Lon>
• Spain, in Ca-
ountain, near a
f Balaguer.
Spain, in Old
f Taracona.
r Hungary, and
citadel. It is
miles NE of
t. 48 10 N.
adrone iflandf!,
has feveral vol-
/5oE,lat.i94oN.
laples, in Prin-
E fide of the
ssE of Salerno,
in, in Navarre,
A I G
Ahn/Sy a ftronj; town of Svv^^en, in
Octhlriixi, with a j^ood h;irm>ur, i$
miieisK ovChiiftuiiiladt. Lon. 14 15
E, lat. 'i6 '15 N.
Ajudi^f a. (i aport of Corfica, capital
of the 'department of Liamono, and a
bilhop's fee. It ftands on the w lide
of the ifl;in(l, on a point ol land that
juts into the gulf, 160 niilcs SK of
Toulon. Lon. 8 30 e, lat. 41 s6 n.
Jjaii, or Ajoi, a couiili-y on the e
coalt of Africa, extendir.g from Maga-
doxo to Capo Giiardafui 15C0 leagues.
It is divii'.eil into ieveral ftates or king-
doms: the principil of which are Ailtl
and MagadDXO. The e.-iftern coaft of
Ajan is fandy and barren, but to the
north it is more fertile. The kings of
Ajan are fre(iu('Ptly at war with the
emperor of Abyflinia, and fell the pri-
foners which they take. Ivory, gold,
and horfes of an excellent breed, are
the airicles of trade.
Ajazzoy a feaport of Afiatic Turkey,
in Syria, feate<i on the Mediterranean,
on the lite of the ancient Ilfus, where
Alexander fought his fecondl battle
with Darius. It is 30 miles s of Antioch,
and 40 w of Aleppo, Lon. 36 10 e,
lat. 36 o N.
Aich, a town of Bavaria, with a caftle,
feated on the Par, 18 miles s of Neu-
burg.
Aichstadfy a town of Franconia, ca-
pital of a principality (late bifliopric) of
the fame name, now fubjeft to the
duke of Bavaria. In the church is a
piece of curious workmanlhip, called
the Sun of the Holy Sacrament, which
is of mafTy gold, enriched with dia-
monds, pearls, rubies, and other pre-
cious ftones. It is feated on the Alt-
muhl, 40 miles s by E of Nuremberg.
Lon. II 10 E, lat. 48 50 N.
Aiilar, the principal feaport of Nu-
bia, ftated on a mountain, on the coaft
of the Red fea. It has a trade in ebony
and aromatic plants. Lon. 53 57 e,
lat. 22 20 N.
Aigoi, a town of Auftria, on the
confines of Bohemia, 24 miles' nw of
fiteyre.
ylii^lr, a town of Swiflcrland, in the
canton of Bern. All the houfes, even
the meaqeft, are built of vviiitc marble,
found in the nighboiirhood. It is feat-
ed near tlie Rhone, iix miles from its
entrance into the lake of Geneva.
Aigir, a town of France, in tiie de-
partment of Orne, 47 miles sw of Rouen.
Algnan, St. a town of France, in the
department of Loire ai>d Cher, on the
river Cher, 24 miles s by e of Blois.
AigucmortVf a town of France, in
A I K
the department of Gard, fituate atnon«r
the inoviilfea, near the fea, and had a
harbour, which is now choaked up.
It is 12 miles 1 SE of Montpellier.
Aigiieptrsc, a town of France, in th«
department of Puy-de-Dome, ib mile*
N of Clermont.
Aiguit'cUof a town of France, in the
department of Drome, fix miles se of
Montelimart.
AiguihvHoy a town of Savoy, on the
river Are, 15 miles e of Chamberry.
Aiguiliasy (.'ape, the moll foutherly
point of Africa. 13 leagues Est of the
Cape of Good Hope. Lon. 20 8 e, lat.
34 5.^ s.
AiJiih, a town of Arabia Petrea, on
the Red fea, a^ its nk extremity, 108
miles ESE of Suez. Lon. 33 10 E,Iat.
19 10 N.
Aillyy a town of France, in the de-
partment of Somme, nine miles sse of
Amiens.
Aibay an infulatcd rock, s of the
ifie of Arran, in Scotland. Its bafe is
two miles in circumference. It confifla
of a ftupendous aflemblage of precipi-
tous cliffs, riling in a pyramidal feries,
900 feet high, acceifiblc only on the
NE, It affords refuge to an immenfe
number of feafowl, and is. well Hocked
with rabbits. The ruins of a chapel,
and of a caftle, are ftill feen ; and near
the latter is a fpring of frelh water.
Aitnv or Atnno, a town of Savoy,
on the>river Ifere, 18 miles ene of
Mouftiers.
Ain, a department of France, includ-
ing the late province of Brcfle. It takes
its name from a river, which rifes in
Mount Jura, nearNozeroy, and enters
the Rhone, above Lyon. Bourg is the
capital-
Aburevillcf a town of France, in the
department of Meufe, three miles sw
of Dun.
Ahisa, a town of Spain, in Arragon,
on the river Ara, 30 miles N of BaU
baftro.
Airano, a town of Italy, in the Mi-
lanefe, 30 miles sE of Como.
Audiiey a town of Scotland, in La-
narklhire, with an iron foundery, and
a confiderable trade in the diltillation
of malt fpirits. It is fituate on a rifing
ground, between two rivulets, vo miles
E of Glafgow. •
Aire, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Landes, feated on the fide
of a mountain, on the river Adour, 65
miles s of Bourdeaux. Lon. o 10 e,
lat. 4.3 42 N.
Aire, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Pas de Calais. It com^
'Vi
ALA
municates with St. Omer by a canal,
and is feated on the river Lin, ai miles
s oFDunkirk. Lon. 2 44 e> lat. 30 41 n .
jii^Cf a Diver in Ycrkfhire, which
fliieg from a lake on Malham moor,
near Settle, flows by Skipton, Kcigh'
ley, Leeds, and Snaith, and enters the
Oufe, below Howden.
Jisney a department of France, in-
eluding the late territories of Soiflbn-
nois and Vermandois. It takes its
name from a river, which rtms by Soif-
fons, and enters the Oife, above Com-
piegne> Laon is the capital-
A'Wf a city of France, capital of the
department of Mouths of the Rhone,
and an archbifhop's fee- It was for-
merly the capital of Provence, when it
had a parliament- It is feated in a plain,
where there are hot baths near the river
Arc, 75 miles B of Montpellier- Lon-
5a7E,lat-43 31 n. •
y//.r, a town of Savoy, on the lake
of BourgPt- Here are mineral waters,
much frequented. It is la miles n by
E of Chaniberry.
yli.v, a fmall idand of France, between
the ifle of Oleron and the continent-
It is 14 miles NW of Kochfort. Lon.
X 10 w, lat- 46 5 N.
^ Alx-la-Cliapelley a city of France, ca-
pital of the department of Boer, and
a bifliop's fee ; lately an imperial city of
Germany, in the duchy of Juliers-
Charlemagne was fo delighted with the
beauty of the place, that he chofe it for
his n-fidence : he is interred in the
church of Notre Dame, where they
keep his fword and belt. Its famous
mineral waters draw a great number of
perfons every year , and near it are
mines of iron, calamine, fnlphur, and
conl. In 1668 and 1748, it wasdiftin-
guiihed by two celebrated treaties of
peace- It was taken by the French in
179a, retaken by the Auftrians in i793»
and again taken by the French in 1794-
It is feated in a bottom, furrounded by
mountains, 22 miles nc of Liege- Lon.
5 58 E, lat- 5048 N.
Aizcnay, a town of France, in the
department of Vendue, 39 miles s of
Kantes-
Akerman. See Bielgorod.
Akissatf a town of Aliatic Turkey,
in Natolia, the ancient Thyatira, built
in a fine plain above 17 miles over,
which produces corn and cotton- It is
inhabited by about 5000 Mahometans,
and is feated on the river Hermits, 50
milessF. of Pergamo- Lon. 48306, lat.
38 48 N.
Atailulia, a province of Afiatic Tur-
key, between Amaik and the Mediter-
AL.9
ranean, towani Mount Taurus, ii i^
rough, (tony, and mountainous. The
chief town is Adana.
Alais, a town of France, in tlie de-
partment of Card, lately an epifcopal
fee- It has a c.tadd. .md is feated near
the river Gard, at the foot of the Ge-
vennes, aa miles nw of Nifonei. Lou.
4 J E, lat- 44 8 N.
Alaman, a town of Swiflerland, in the
canton of Bern, nine miles n e of Nion
Aland, a clufter of iflands in the
Baltic, at the entrance of the gulf of
Bothnia. The principal idand, which
gives name to the reft, is 40 miles long,
and f'-om la to 16 broad. It is includ-
ed in the government of Swedifh Fin-
land, and Caftelholm in the chief place,
9; miles NE of Stockholm. Lon- ao
23 E, lat. 60 10 N.
Alarcon, a town of Spain, in New
Caftile, feated on the Xucar, 50 milts
s of Cuenqa.
Alataiiutlia, a river of the United
States, called alfo St. George river.
It rifes in the Allegany mountains, and
taking a se direftion through Georgia,
enters the Atlantic 60 miles sw of the
river Savanna.
Alalri, a town of Italy, in Campagna
di Roma, fituate on a hill, 40 miles se
of Rome.
Alalyr, a town of Ruffia, on the
river Suru, 40 miles e of Kafan-
Alnuta, a river of European Turkey,
wh'ch rifes in the mountains that ie-
parate Moldavia from Tranfylvania,
flows through Wallachia, and enters
the Danube, near Nicopolis-
ytlba, a town of Piedmont, in Mont-
ferrat, and an ancient bifhopric- It
contains three parochial and three other
churches, befide the cathedra., and
feven convents. It is feated on th*
Tanaro, 20 miles se of Turin.
Albati, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Tarn, 15 miles ese of
Albv-
AH-an, St. a borough in Hertfoi-d-
fhire, the ancient city of Verulam,
many veftiges of which are yet to be
feen. The market is on Wednefday
and Saturday ; and it is governed by a
mayor. It owes its name to Alban,
the firft martyr in Britain, who was
buried on a hill near the town, where a.
noble monaftery was afterward erefled
to his memory by king Ofl^a, of which no
part now remains, except the gate and
the church : in the latter is the monu-
ment of OfFa, and of Humphrey duke
of Gloucefter, whofe leaden coffin waa
difcovered in 1703, the body prefervcd
aim oft entire by a pickle. In the church
TauruB.
itainuus.
Itlf
The
JKC, in tli« do*
ly an epifcopal
:l is fcated near
oot of the Gc"
!^ifonet. Loii.
iflerland, in the
:s N E of Nion
iflands in the
of the gulf of
1 idand, which
i 40 miles longt
!• It is inciiido
fSwedifti Fin-
the chief place,
aim. Lon. ao
J pain, in New
Lucar, 50 milea
of the United
George rivt-r.
mountains, and
rough Georgia*
tiles sw of the
', in Campagna
lill, 40 miles se
lufTia, on the
Kafan.
»pean Turkey,
ntains that ie-
Tranfylvania,
■a, and enters
olis.
ont, in Mont-
bifliopric It
nd thre»! other
athcdra., and
eated on the
urii).
ce, in the de-
miles ESE of
in Hertfoi-d*
of Verulam,
are yet to be
|n Wednefday
governed by a
le to Alban,
lin, who was
[own, where a
Irward evefled
I, of which no
the gate and
is the monu-
jmpUrey duke
Jen cofhn waa
)dy preferved
In the church
f
ALB
of St. Michael is the monument of the
illuftrious Francis Bacon, vilcount St.
Alban. Here are two filk mills and a
cotton manufafture. St. Alban is fa-
mous for the vidory obtaintd by Rich-
ard duke of York, in i4^5» «ver Henry
VI ; and for a viftory which queen
Margaret gained in 1461. over the earl
of Warwick. It is feated on the Colo,
a I miles n by w of London.
AUmnrlla, a town of Naples, in Prin-
cipato C'iteriore, lo miles se of Salerno.
Albania, a province of European.
Turkey, 140 miles long and 60 broad ;
bounded on the N bjr Dalmatia and
Bofnia, e by Macedonia and Jania, s
by Livadia.and w by the gulf of Venice.
It produces excellent wine. It was
formerly an independent kingdom. Du-
razzo is the capital.
M'nnoj a town of Italy, on a lake of
the fame name, in Campagna di Roma.
The environs produce the boft wine
in all this country. It is 15 miles sse
of Rome.
Albanof a town of Naples, in Bafi-
licata, feated in a fertile country, on
the river Bafiento, 15 miles e by 8 of
Potenza.
Albanopolis, a town of European
Turkey, formerly the capital of Alba-
nia, but now a poor place, feated oh
the Drino, 43 miles e of Aleflio.
Albany, ,a river of Upper Canada,
which flows E through feveral fmall
lakes into James bay- At its mouth is
a fort of the fame name, belonging to
theEnglifli. Lon. 81 sow, lat.52 10 n.
Albany, a city of New York, capital
of a county of the fame name. In 1 799
it contained 601 1 inhabitants, colle«fttil
fi-om almoft all parts of the northern
world. It is the ftorehoufe of the trade
to and from Canada and the Lakes ;
and has manufaftures of tobacco, fnuft",
chocolate, muftard, (larch, &c. Albany
is feated on the w fide of Hiulfon river,
150 miles N of New York. Lon. 74 10
w, lat. 42 36 N.
Albamzhty a town tf Spain, in Ar-
ragon, and a biftiop's fcv". Its wool is
the bell in Arragon. It is feated on
the Guadalavir, loc miles e of Madrid.
Lon. I at w, lat. ^1030 n.
Albazete, a town of Spain, in Murcia,
with maniifadliires in iron and fteel ;
feated in a fertile country, 10 miles n w
of Chinchilla.
Albaziii, a town of Chine fe Tartary,
with a fortrefs, on the n fij.e of the
Saghalien. Lon. 123 30 k, lat. 5^ c n.
All.rck, a town and caftle of Suabia,
on the river Alb, five miles n by fi of
Ulm.
ALB
AVrmarle, or Aumale, a town of
France, in the department of Lower
Seine, with a manufaAureof fergci aad
other (luffs, 10 miles sw of Dieppe, and
31 NNw of Rouen.
Albemarle Sound, an inlet of the
Atlantic, in N Carolina, 60 miles longi
and from 8 to 1 1 broad. It is 30 mileii
K of Pamlico found 4 and the tradt of
country between them is called Difmal
Swamp.
Albcn^a, a (Irong feaport on the coaft
of Genoa, furrounded by olive trees,
17 miles sw of Genr»' " Lon. 8 7 e, lat.
44 6 N. Uo»
Albion. See TirilhP-.
AlbUn, A'(v,% a couniryon the w coaft
of N America, to the N of California,
extending from lat. 33 to 45 n. It re-
ceived its name from lir Francis Drake
in 1578, whofe harbour is in lon. 12 1
^o w, lat. 38 23 K. The land is moun«
tainous, and abounds with trees; but
there are extenfive plains and valleys of
luxuriant foil, though not turned to
any profitable advantage. The climate
is fubjedl to much drought, efpecially
in autumn ; but this is in fotne meafure
compenfated by dews, which frequently
fall very heavily : the rainy feafon is
from December to March. The Spa-
niards have divided the country into
four jurifdidlions, named, from their
chief towns, St. Diego, St. Barbara,
Monterey, and St. Francifco. The
capital is Monterey.
Albunu, a town of Italy, in Iftria,
near the gulf of Carnero, 16 miles e by
s of Rovigno
Albrvt, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Landes, 37 miles s of Bour-
deaiix.
Albui/iirr'jHc, a town of Spain, in
Eftremadura, on the frontiers of Por-
tugal, with a ftrong caftle. It has a
conliderable trade in wool and clothe
and is 30 miles n nw of Badajoz.
A/burg, a city of Denmark, in N
Jutland, capital of a diocefe of its name.
It has a confiderable trade in herrings
and corn,, and manufadlures of guns,
piftols, faddles, and gloves. It is feat-
ed on a canal, 10 miles from the fea,
and 30 N of Wiburg. Lon. 9 41 e,
lat. 56 50 N.
A'by, a city of France, in the depart-
ment of Tarn, formerly an archir-pif-
copal fee. and the capital of the territory
of the A!hig<!ois in Langntdoc. In
point of architeiJluve and decorations,
the principal church is one of tlie moll
curious in France. The environs pro-
duce all kinds of grain, excellent wines,
flax, hemp, fafFron, anifced, coiian>
\
A LC
dcr, and vo^. It is featrd on the
Tarn, 23 miles n by w of Cadres, and
42 NE of Touluufe. Loii. a 8 e, lat.
43 56 N.
Ahala dr Gundatra, a town of Spain,
in Andalufia, on the river Guadaira,
la miles nk of Seville.
Alvala dp llenaicz, a town of Sp.iin»
in New Caftile, with a famous univer-
fity, and a caftlo. It is furroundcd by
a wall, and fcated on the Hcnarez, 1$
milt's ENK of Madrid.
AUnln dr los Garules^ a town of
Spain, in Andi<tl!i<i, with an ancient
CHllli', lituatc C Frai mountain in a fer-
tile plain, 14 mins ii. by N of Medina
Sidonia- «
Alcttta Real, a town of Spain, in An-
daluiia, feated on a mountain, 18 miles
sw of Jat-n.
Alcama, a town of Sicily, in Val di
Maxaro, at the foot of Mount Boni-
facio, 25 miles sw of Palermo.
Alcantara, a fortified town of Spain,
in Eflremadura, and the chief place of
the knights of that name. It has a
celebrated ftone bridge over the Taio,
built in the time of Trajan. It was
taken by the ear! of Galwaiy in 1706,
but retaken the fame year. It is 41
miles N by w of Seville. Lon. 6. itvr,
lat. 39 10 N.
Alcantara, a town of Spain, In An-
dalufia, near the river Guadalquiver.
Here is a br' je built by the KomanR,
to pafs the marflies formed by the river.
It ii i4 miles s of Seville.
Alcara:, a town of Spain, in New
Caftile, and territory of la Mancha,
with a ftrong caftlc, and a remarkable
ancient aquedudt. It is lituate near the
fource of the Guadalquiver, 80 miles
r by s of Calatrava. Lon. a ao w, lat.
38 28 N.
Alra-ar dc Sal, a town of Portugal,
in Ellrcmadura, with a caftle reckoned
impregnable. Fine white fait is made
iicre. It is feated on the Cadoan, 1 5
miles from thefea, and .55 sEof Lifbon.
Lon. 9 5 w, lat. 38 18 n,
Al(tt:ar Quibcr, a town of the king-
dom of Fez, near which Sebaftian king
of Portugal lolt his life in a battle with
the Moors, in 1578. It is feated on the
Lucos, 36 miles s of Tangier.
Alrarur Sqsutr, a town of the king-
dom of Fez, on the ftrait of Gibraltar.
It was taken by Alphonfo, king of Por-
tugal, in 1 168 ; but foon after .ibandon-
cd. It is 14 miles E of Tangier.
Alcestfr, or Alncestcr, a town in War-
wickJhire, with a market on Tuefday.
Many Roman coins, bricks, &c. have
iccu found near it, and the Ickiiield
A L »
ftreift palTes through the town. It hai
a manufaiHure of needles, and it fituatu
at the confluence of the Alne with the
Arrow, 14 miles wsw of Warwick, and
103 NW of London.
Alnnacr, or Alkmaar, a ftrong city of
Holland, capital of the department of
Texel. The environs produce excellent
butter and cheefe, and fine tulips. Tlili
city was befieged by the Spaniards in
157,'^, after they had taken Harlem;
but the Spaniards, after an inveftment
of three months, were obliged to raife
the fitgc with difgrace. Alcmaer
op(!ned its pates to the Britifli troopi
in 1799, after the fecond battle near
Bergen ; but a treaty was foon after-
ward concluded here for their evacua-
ting the country. It is fituate among
groves of tall trees, nearSchetmeer, one
ofthelargell lakes in Holland, 18 miles ^f
by E of Harlem. Lon. 4 38 k, hit. 5 2 38 n.
Alconcliol, a fort of Spain, on the
frontiers of Eftrcmadura, feated on the
Alcaraquc, which runs into the Gua-
diana, 20 miles & by w of Badajoz,
Lon. 7 3 w.lat. 38 la n.
Alroutiiti, a town of Portugal, in AK
garva, with a ftrong caftle, feated on an
ifland in the Guadiana, 16 miles from
its entrance into the gulf of Cadiz, and
21 NNE of Tavira. I.on. 7 25 w, lat.
37 »o N. •
Alcudia, a town of Majorca, con-
fifting of about 1000 houfes, fituate on
the NE coaft, between two large har-
bour*. Lon.
o E, lat. 39 30 N.
Aldl:oroi/gli, a borough and feaport in
Sufiblk, with a market on Wednefday
and Saturday ; pleafantly feated on the
Aide, between a high hill and the fea ;
and the harbour is tolerably good, but
fm.ill. The town was formerly much
longer ; hut the fea has taken away
whole fticeis. It is 40 miles i. of Bury,
and 94 NK of London. Lon. i 37 e,
lat. 51 l6 K.
Alutoroj/jx/i, a borough in W York-
shire, which has now no market. Here
are many remains of Roman works. It
is feated on the Oufe, 15 miles ne of
York, and 208 n by w of London.
A/dea Gallrga, a town of Portugal,
in Eftremadura, feati.d on the Tajo, lo
miles sE of Lifbon.
Aldcnburg, a town of Weftphalia, in
the duchy of Berg, ao miles ese of
DufTeldorf. •
Aldcrl'uri/, a village in Wiltfliire, on
a hill near the Avon, three miles from
Salifbury. It has a manufadure of fuf-
tians, and received confiderable damage
by a fire in 1777, when 100 houfci
were deftroyed.
c town. It hat
:s, and it fituatu
: AIne with the
f Warwick, and
a ftrong city of
■ dopartrnent «>f
oducc excellent
ine tulips. Tiiis
he Spaniards in
taken Harlem ;
r an inveftment
obliged to raife
aci;. Alcmacr
BritilTi troopi
jnd battle near
was foon after-
ir their evacua-
I Htuate among
Seller moer, one
Hand, 1 8 miios s
j8 K, hit. 5 2 38 N.
Spain on the
a, leated on the
5 into the Gua-
w of Badajoz.
•
Portugal, in Ai-
tlt^, fcatcd on an
, 16 miles from
If of Cadizi and
)n. 7 25 w, lat.
Majorca, con-
ufe,s, fituatc on
two large har-
|h and feaport in
on Wednefday
lly feated on the
lill and the fea ;
ably good, but
ormerly much
as taken away
il'.'s r. of Bury»
Lon. I 37 E,
|h in W York-
1 market. Here
lan works. It
15 miles NE of
TLondon.
\n of Portugal,
In the Tajo, lo
IWeltphalia, in
1 miles £S£ of
Wiitfhire, on
k'e miles from
jjfai^ure of fuf-
[crable damage
In 100 houfca
ALE
Alclerholm, an ifland of Sweden, form-
ed by the three arms of the river Gefle.
in tlie gulf of Bothnia. A confultra-
We trade i« carried on here in planks
and deals. It is 80 miles n of Stock-
holm. . , _ ,.„
Alderneif, an ifland m the Engliih
channel, eight miles in circumference,
feparated from France by a ftrait
called the Race of Alderney, which
is a dangerous paflage, on account of
the rocks under water. It is fertile in
corn and paftnrc ; and has a town of
the fame name. Lon. 4 i»w,hit.49 45N'
AUlstonc. See Alston-nuwr.
Alcgrc, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Upper Loire, 15 miles se
of Brionde.
Alcntfjo, a province of Portugal, be-
tween the river Tajo and the province
of Algarve. Its oranges are of an ex-
cellent quality, and it produces much
rice. Evora is the capital.
Alengou, a city of France, capital of
the department ofOrne. The manu-
fa^ure of lace is conliderable. Near it
are (lone quarries, in which are found .1
fort of cryftal like Briftol ftones. It is
feated on the Sarte, -^o miles n by w of
Mans, and 87 wsw of Paris. Lon. o i
E, lat 48 26 N.
Aleppo, the capjt<il of Syria, and
next to Conftantinople and Cairo, the
moil confiderable city in the Turkilh
empire. It (lands on eight hills, in the
middle of a fruitful plain ; is of an oval
figure, (even miles in compafs ; and is
fuppofedto contain 2 50,000 inhabitants.
The cattle is on the higeft hill, in the
centre of the city ; and the houfes are
better than in other places in Turkey.
As ufual in the Eaft, they confift of a
large court, with a de«d wall to the
ftreet, an arcade running round it,
paved with marble, and a marble foun-
tain in the middle. The ftreets are nar-
row, but well paved with large fquare
ftones, find kept very clean. Here ai*e
many (lately mofques and caravanfe-
ras, fountains and rcfervoirs of water,
and vineyards and gardens. The water
in the wells is brackifh ; but good
water is brought from fome fprings
about five miles off, by an aqueduiil,
faid to have been built by emprels
Helena. The Chriftians have their
houfes and churches in the fuburbs, and
carry on a confiderable trade in filks,
camblets, and leather. Large caravans
frequently arrive from Bagdad and
Baflbrah, charged with the produfts of
Perfia and India. Several European
nations have faflories here, and the
merchants live in greater fplendour and
A L E
fafety than in my other city in the
Turkifh empire. Coaches are not ufed
here, b'ut perfons of quality ride on
horfeback, with a number of fervanta
before them, according to their rank.
Eighteen miles sk of Aleppo is a large
plain, bounded by low rocky hills, call-
ed the Valley of Salt ; this is over-
flowed in winter, and in April, the
water being foon evaporated by the
fun, leaves a cake of fait, in fome places
half an inch thick, which is fufhcientto
fupply all this part of the country.
Aleppo is feated on a rivulet, 70 miles sB
of Alexandretta,and 150 n' of Damafcus.
Lon. 37 16 E, lat 35 40 N.
Ahssaudf a town of Naples, in Terra
d'Otranto, 15 miles sw of Otranto.
yVcssin, a town of Eui-opean Tur-
key, in Dalmntia, and a bifliop's fee ;
feated on the Drino, jo miles e by s of
Scutari. Lon. 20 6 e. Int. 42 10 n.
Alct, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Aude, lately an epifcopal
fee. It it noted for its baths, and ftanda
near the Pyrenees, on the river Aude,
15 miles s by w of CarcafTonc.
Aleutian Islands. Sec Arcfiipclago,
Norf/iern.
AlexandreflOf or Scandemon, a town
of Syria, on the Mediterranean fea, and
the port of Aleppo. It is now a poor
place, the tombs being more numerous
than the houfes. The road is fubjeft
to many inconveniences ; but the ex-
treme unwholefomenefs of the air is the
worft. While the heats are exceflive,
the principal inhabitants retire to the
neighbouring villages, among the moun-
tains, where there is excellent water,
and delicious fruits. It is 60 miles nw
of Aleppo. Lon. 36 15 E,lat. 36 35 n.
Alexandria, or Alcsandria, a town in
that part of the Milanefe adjoining
Montferrat, which has been lately uni-
ted to France, and is now the capital of
the department of Marengo. Here is a
ftrong cattle ; but the place has been
often taken in the various wars in Italy.
The inhabitants, computed at izooo,
have a confiderable trade, particularly
in cotton and fJk. It is feated on the
Tanaro,' 40 miles e of Turin, and 50
ssw of ISiilan. Lon. 8 38 e, lat. 44
53 ^'- .
Alexandria, orSenndcria, a town of
Egypt, now much decayed, though there
are ftill fome remains of its ancient
fplendour, particularly an obelifk full
of hieroglyphics, called Cleopatra's
Needle ; and Pompey's pillar, which is
one entire piece of granite 70 feet high
and 25 in circumference. The ancient
Pharos, fo famous in antiquity that it
vf
< hi
: !
|i!i
If; )•
ALP
wai numbered among the ftven wondeM
of the world, is now u calllc called
Pharitlon, and Aili iifcd to dircd^ Vfllels
into tite hurhour. Fromthc harbour is
a canal to the w branch of the Nilf, at
RhainAoie. ThiH city was firft built by
A]cx.inder the gr^at, and now cunnit!)
chiefly of one long (Irei't, facing the
harbour, thu ruU being a heap of ruinn :
part of the* walls are ftanding, with
great fquare towers 200 paces diftaut ;
and the gates are of Thebaic and j^ratiitc
marble. It was formerly a place of
great trade, nil the treafures of the £
Indies being depofited thi're, before the
difcovery of the route by the Cape of
Good Hope. It is liibjed to the grand
fignior, who, however, has but a limited
authority. Alexandria was taken by
the French invaders, under Bonaparte,
in 171)8 ; and taken from them by the
Englifli in 1801. It furrendered to the
£ngli(h in 1807, brt was foon after
evacuated. It is fcatcd on the Medilcr-
ranuan, 135 miles nw of Cairo. Lon.
30 10 E, lat. 31 II N-
Alexandria^ a town of Virginia, on
the right bank of the Potomac. Nino
miles below the town, on the Virginia
bank of the Potomac, is Mount Vernon,
f>'>f merly the feat of the celebrated ge-
neral Waihington. Alexandria is five
miles sw of (he city of Waihington.
Alexandria, a town of the ftatc of
Ohio, on the river Ohio, <it the indux
of the Scioto, 60 miles s of Chillicothu.
A{/'acSf an ifland of Spain, at the
mouth of the £bro, on the coaft of Ca<
talonia. It has a town of the fame
name, 20 miles se Tortofa.
AlJ'aro,A town of Spain, in Old Caftile,
on the s fide of the £bro, nine miles nw
of Tudela.
Al/ai/atcsf a town of Portugal, in
Beira, defended by a wall and caftle.
It is fituatc on an eminence, on the con-
fines of Spain, 150 miles ne of Lifbon.
Lon. 5 48 w, lat. 40 9 N'
Alfeizrrao, a town of Portugal, in
Eilremadura, on the feafide, 75 miles
NNE of Lisbon. Lon. 9 15 w, kt- 39
30 N.
AlJ'eld, a town of Lower Saxony, in
the principality of Hildcflieim, featcd on
the Leine, 15 miles ssw of Hildelhcim.
Aljidena, a town of Naples, in Abruz-
70 Citcriore, 40 miles ssw of Civita di
Chicti.
A/fordy a tovpn in Lincolnfhtre, with
a market on Tuefday ; featcd on a fmull
brook, fix miles from the fea, 35 n of
Bofton, and 140 of London-
AlJ'relon, .1 town in Derbyfliire, with
a market, oq d'iondfky. ti«rv 9XQ icauu*
A L O
faAuresofftockinRsand brown eartheno
ware. It is fcated on a hill, i j miles n
of D»Tby,and 142 nnw of London.
////j'ffif/io/ff, a imnW fortified feaport,
on the NW coaft of Corfica, at the mouth
of tlw Aregno, 18 niil»;« w by s of Baftia.
Alfiana, a province of Portugal,
bounded on tlic w and s by the fea,' E
by the river Cnadiania, and n by Alen-
tcjo. It is fertile in figs, oranges, al-
monds, dates, olives, and excellent wine*
Tavira is the cnpital.
■'tis''!'* or A/^liirri, a feaport on the
w coaft of Sardinia, and a bifhop's feCf
fix miles s of SaflTari.
Aigciira, a town of Spain, in Anda«
hilia, on the ftrait of Gibraltar, but in
a mean condition. The harbour is de-
cayed, but affords fhclter to numerous
gun boats and fmall privateers. It is
Teven miles w of Gibraltar.
Alfiifrs, a country .fBirbary, com-
prehending the ancient Numidia and
part of Alauritania. It is 600 mites
trom E to w, and 1 7 S in breadth ; bound-
ed on the E by Tunis, n by tho Me-
ditcrranean, s by Mount Atlas, and w by
Morocco. Mineral fprings and waters
are met with in many places ; and feve-
ral of the chains of mountains contain
lend and copper. In the interior of the
country commence the dreary deferts.
The principal rivers are the ShelUf, Ma*
ZidVan, Malva, and Zaine. The land to-
ward the N is fertile in corn, and the
valleys arc full of fruit. The melons
have an exqnifite tafte, fome of which
are ripe in fummer, and others in winter.
The ftems v>f the vines are very large,
and the buncb' s of grapes are a foot and
a half long. . .4 divided into the ter-
ritory of the city of Algiers, and the
provinces of Mafcara, Titeri, and Con-
ftantia. The Turks, who have the go-
vernment in their hands, are not above
7000 in number ; and yet the Moors,
or natives of Africa, have no ihare in it.
It is a kind of republic under the pro-
te^ion of the grand fignior, and go*
verncd by a fovereign, called the dcy,
who, however, can do nothing of con-
ft-quence without the council of the ja-
nillavies. The Aiabs, who live in tents,
are a diftinifl people, governrd by their
own laws and magiftrates, though the
Turks interpofe as often as they pleafo.
The dcy is an abfolute monarch, but
elected by the Turkiih foldiers, and
frequently depofed and put to death by
them. The revenues of the governmtnt
arife from the tribute paid by the Moors
and Arabs, a detachment of the army
being fent into each province every year
to wiled it i aaU the yiizci thty take
?
blown earthen-
hill, I J miloN
of London.
DrtiHed fciport*
en, nt the mouth
\v by s of BaAia.
• of Portugal,
s by the (e*, ' z
and N by Alen*
gs, oranges, al«
1 excellent wiiie.
I fenport on the
d a bilhop's fee,
^pain, in Anda-
•ibraltar, but in
e harbour is de-
er to numerous
fivatt-crS' It is
t.ir.
■ B irbary, com-
t Numidia and
It is 600 mites
i>readth; bouHd-
>, N by tho M(v
Atlas, and w by
ings and waters
ilaces ', and fevc*
)untain3 contain
ic interior of the
dreary deferts.
tht> ShelUf, Ma*
)e. The land to-
ri corn, and the
t. The melons
fome of which
others in winter,
are very large,
;s are a foot and
ed into the ter-
Igiers, and the
"ittri, and Con-
jo have the go-
are not above
et the Moors,
|e no ihare in it.
under the pro-
j;nior, and go*
ailed the dcy,
othing of con-
uncil of the ja-
10 live in tents,
cvnf-d by their
■s, though the
as thi'y plwife.
monarch, but
loldiers, and
ut to death by
[he governmtnt
by the Moors
t of the army
nee every year
i;cc» they take
•r
'I
A L G
at fca fometimes equal the tnxes they
lay upon the natives. The dcy has fe-
veral thoufand Moors in his fervice,
both horfo and foot ; and the b«;yH or
viceroys of the provinces have each an
army und«T his command. Their re-
ligion is Mahometanilm, and their lan-
guage a dialed of the Arabic They
havj likcwile a jargon, compofed of
Italian, French, and Spanifli, called
Lingua Franca, which is undcrftood by
the common people and merchants.
The complexion of^tlie natives is tawny,
and they are ftrong and well m»ue.
AlgurSf a ftrong city, capital of the
whole country of Algiers. It is built on
the fide of a mountain, in the form of
an amphitheatre next thr liarbour ; and
the houfes appearing one above another,
of a rcfplendent whitenefi, make a fine
appearance from the ft'a. Tiic tops of
the houfes arc flat, covered with earth,
and form a fort of gardens. The ftrccts
are narrow, and lerve to keep off the
extreme heat of the fun. There are five
gates, but no public places or fquares of
con fiderable extent. The larger mofques
are feven, but there is nothing remark-
able in their architecture ; and the dey's
paLice is far from being fpacious and ex-
tenfive. The harbour is fmall, Ihallow,
and infecure, and its entrance is incom-
moded with numerous rocks. The
mole of the harbour is 500 paces in
length, extending from the continent to
a fmall ifland, where >.here is a caftle
and a large battery of guns. The num-
ber of inhabitants is faid to be 80,000,
in which are included feveral thoufand
Jewifh families. Their chief fubfiftence
is derived from their piracies, for they
make prizes of all Chriftian (liips that
are not at peace with them. The coun-
tiy about Algiers is adorned with gar-
dens and tine villas, watered by foun-
tains and rivulets ; and thither the inha-
bitants refort in the hot feafons. Algiers
has for ages braved the refentment of
the mod powerful dates in Chriltendom.
The emperor, Charles v, loll a fine
fleet and army, in an expedition againft
it in 1541. The EnglifU burnt their
veirds in the harbour in 1635 and 1670.
It was bombarded by the French in
r688. In 1775, the Spaniards made a
defcent near the city with a formidable
army, but were defeated with great
flaughter. In 17^4, they fcnt a power-
ful fleet to attack the forts tnat ilefond
the harbour ; but they were repelled by
the Algerincs, although they made eight
fucceflive attacks with great bravery. In
1767, the Algerines took the lead of
the other ftates of Barbary, in refuling
ALL
to pay any longer their ufu.-t1 tribute to
the Porte. Algiers is fituate oppolit*
Minorca, 380 miles w of Tunis. Lou.
3 4H E, Ut. j6 49 N.
.Ilhamii, a town of Spain, in Gra-
nada, near which are hot baths, ac-
counted the beft in Spain. It is featcd
on the Motril, furrounded by moun-
tains, 45 miles sw of Granada.
Jlluinilia, a .own of Spain, in Ar-
ragon, near a river of its nanqe, fevcii
miles N of Ternel.
Alkant, a feaport of Spain, in Va-
lencia, famous lor excellent wine and
fruits. It has a great trade, and the
Englilh, Dutch, French, and Italians,
have confuU here. The caftle, on a high
rock, was reckoned impregnable \ but
it was taken by the Englilh in 1706. It
was likewife taken by the French a'ld
Spaniards, after a fiege of almoft two
years ; and then part of the rock was
blown up. It is feated on the Mediter-
ranean, on a bay of the fame name, 8.f
mili.-s s of Valencia. Loii. o 5 w, lat.
38 16 N.
A/ka/af a feaport of Sicily, in Val di
Ma/ara, with a tortrefs on a fmall cape,
at the mouth of the Salfo, sa miles SR
of Gergenti- Lon. 13 48 E,lat. 37 >4 k*
Aluitdu, the raoft weitern of the Li-
pari iflands, in the Mediterranean, 10
miles w of Felicuda.
Alifit a town of Naples, in Terra di
Lavoro, at the foot of the Apennines^
aj miles Nw of Benovento.
Alkanaas, or ArkansttSf a large river 06
Louifiana. The middle pait of itscourfu
is extremely crooked, and it enters the
MiiTifTippi, in lat. 33 28 k.
Alkmaar, Sec Alcmaer.
AllaltalaJ, a province of Hindooftaa
Proper, 160 miles long and 120 broad i
bounded on the n by Oude, h. by Bahar,
s by Orifla and Bcrar, and w by Malwa
and Agra. The Nerbudda, which riles
on the SF. borders of the province, flow»
from E to w near its s tide ; and thq
Ganges crolTes it from w to e near its
N fide.
Allahalad, a city of Hindooftan, ca^
pital of the province of the fame name,
with a m.Hgnificent citadel. It was foupd-i
cd by emperor Acbar, who intend*^ it
as a plact' of arms : but its fortifications
will hardly refill the battering of a field
piece. It IS t'eated at the confluence uf
the Jumna with the Ganges, 470 miles
w.vw of Calcutta. Lon. St o e, lat.
25 45 N.
AUrhuTch, a village-in Worcefterihire,
formerly a borough, five miK-s e by n'
of Bromfgrove. The Roman Icknield
ftrect and the Wurcelkr canal pafa
I
ALL
it. The bifhop of Worcefter had for-
merly a palace here ; and the church,
•feveral ^rsrts of which are of Saxon ar-
chitecture, contains many antique mo-
noments.
Allegany, or Apalachian Mountains,
a long range of mountains in N Ame-
rica, between the Atlantic, the Miffiflip-
pi, and the lakes 3 extending nearly pa-
rallel with the fencoaft, 900 miles in
length, and from 60 to 300 in breadth.
The different ridges which compofe this
immenle range have different names in
the different flates. Advancing from
the Atlantic, the firft ridge of Pennfyl-
vania, Virginia, anf' N Carolina, is the
Blue ridge, or South Mountain, from
J30 to aoo miles from the fea, and
atiout 4000 feet high from its bafe. Be-
tween this and the North Mountain
Q)reads a large fertile vale- Next lies
the Allegany, which is the principal
ridge, and has been descriptively called
the back'l(i7ie of the United States. Be-
yond this is the long ridge, called the
Laurel Mountains, in a fpur of which,
in lat. 56, is a fpring of v/a*er, 50 feet
deep, very cold, and as blue as indigo.
From thefe feveral ridges proceed in-
numerable namelefs branches or fpurs.
The Kittatiny, or Blue Mountains, run
through the northern parts of Now
Jerfcy and Pennfylvaiiia. Thefe moun-
tains are fometimes cJilled the Apula-
eldauy from a river, whofe original
fourCe proceeds from this ridge, called
the Apalachicola. They are not con-
fufedly fcattered and broken, but ttretch
along in uniform ridges, fcarcely half a
mile high. They fpread as they pro-
ceed s, and fome of them terminate in
high perpendicular bluffs; others gra-
dually fubfide into a level country, giv-
ing rife to the rivers which run Ibuther-
ly into the gulf of Mexico.
Allegany, a river of the United States,
■which rifes in the Allegany mountains
in lat. 42. At Fort Venango, al the
mouth of French creek, it is 300
yards wide, and navigable for light bat-
teaus. At Pittfburg it joins the Mo-
nongahela, and then aflumes the name
of Ohio. See Ohio.
Alnenburg. a town of Pruffia, on the
river AUe, 25 miles ese of Konigiberg.
Allenavrf, a town of Germany, in
Lower HeflTe, famous for its faltworks,
and three bridges ovej the Werra. It
18 15 miles E of Caflel.
AUcnstcin, or Ohc/niech, a town of
Fi'ullia, ss miles s of Konigfberg.
Allex, a town of France, in the de-
1)artmeiit of Promci 10 miles s ofVa-
eace.
A tM
JlHfr, i department of trtUuiCi in-
cluding the late province of Bourb6h-
nois. It is Eo called from a river, which
flows by Muulins, and enters*the Loire,
below Nevers.
Alloa, a feaport of Scotland, in Clack-
mannanfhire, near the mouth of the
Forth. Here is'a cuftiomhoufe, and an
excellent dry dock ; and its harbour is
the refort of all the coal veffels in the
neighbourhood. It has a glafshoufe
and fome other manufactures. Near
the town is a tower 90 feet in height,
with walls II feet in thicknefs. In 1801,
the number of inhabitants was 5214.' It
is 30 miles w.vw of Edinburgh. Lon. 3
45 w, lat. 56 6 N.
Allonby, afifliingtown in Weftmor-
land, much reforted to for bathing. It
ftands on a flat Ih ore of the Irifh fea,
eight miles nnw of Cockermouth, and
22 wsw of Carlifle.
All-Saints Bay, or Bahia, a govern-
ment of Brafil, fiv called from a bay of
that i.ame, which is 36 miles in diame-
ter, and interfperfed with a number of
pleafant iflands. It is reckoned the
Jmalleft province in Brafil, yet is the
richeft and moft fertile, having fome
gbldniides, and producing great quan-
tities of cotton and fugar. St. Salvador
is the capital.
Almaguron^ a feaport. of Spain, in
Murcia, with a fortrefs. It is famous
for a very fine red earth, ufcd as an in-
gredient m Spanifh fnufF, and, inftead of
tripoli, to give the laft polifh to glafs ;
alfo for a truly faline white ftone, called
plunic-alum. It ftands near the Medi-
terranean, at the mouth of the Guada-
lantine, ao miles wsw of Carthagena.
Lon. I 26 w, lat. 37 .^2 n.
■ Almada, a town of Portugal, in Eftre-
madura, feated on the Tajo, nearly op-
polite Lifbon.
Almaden, a town of Spain, in Mati-
cha, famous for its rich mines 01" mer-
cury and Vermillion, 45 miles sw of
Ciudad Real.
Almadeu, a town of Spain, in Anda-
lufia, on the river Colar, 34 miles N by
E of Seville.
Almagro, a town of Spain, In Mancha,
12 miles ESE of Ciudad Real.
Almaguer, a town of New Granada,
in Popayan, feated on the Cauca, near
its fource, 36 miles s of Popayan.
Almamor, a town of Fez, on the river
Cuir, near the fea, 10 miles sw of Sal-
lee.
Almanzn, a towH of Spain, in Mur-
cia, remarkable for the vi<ftory gained
by the French and Spaniards over the
allie» in 1 707, when moft of tke Englilh
polifh to glafs ;
hite ftone, called
near the Medi-
1 of the Guada-
of Carthagena.
^* ALB
V^re killed or taken, having been aban.
dioned by the Portiiguofe horfe at the
fint charge. It is fituate in a fertile
plain, on thc-fr(j(Btiera of Valencia, 35
miles sw of Xativa, and 6i n of Mur-
Icia. Lon. i 10 w, lat. 38 48 n.
Almeida, a fortified town of Portu-
lal, in Beira, finiate on the river Coa,
nd near the borders of Spain, 18 miles
EofGuarda.
AlmendroicjOf a town of Spain, in Ef-
emadura, 12 miles s of Merida.
Almcria, a feapb' o» Spain, in Gri-
.da, and a bifliop s fee, feated at the
outh of the Almeria, 6% miles se of
ranada. Lon. a o w,lat. 36 51 n.
Almmuy a town of Dalmatia, famous
ir its wines. It ftands at the foot of a
igh rock, and at the mouth of the
"etina, xi miles e of Spalatro.
AlmondhuTij^ a village in W York-
ire, feated on the Calder, two miles
SE of Huddersfiet:'. It was the Cam-
podonum of the Romans, afterward a
feat of the Saxon kings, and had once a
caltle and a cathedral.
Almondslunj, a village in Gloucefter-
fhire, feven miles n of Briftol, where
Alimond, father of king Egbert, is faid
to have been buried. Here is a fortifi-
cation of the Saxons, with a double
ditch, which commands an extenlive
view of the Severn.
Almunrcar, fl town of Spain, in Gra-
ada, feated on the Mediterranean,
ith a good harbour, defended by a
rong caftle, 30 miles sse of Alhama.
■jon. 3 45 w, lat. 36 30 N.
Ahmouth, a village in Northumber-
land, at the moath of the Alrie, five miles
of Alnwick. Large quantities of corn
re fhipped here, and veffels of 300 tons
re built.
Alnwickf a corporate town, the capi-
jal of Northumberland, with a market
n Saturday. It is well burlt, and has
ihrce gates, which remain almoft entire,
ind fhow that it was formerly furround-
d by a wall. It was defended by a
ately Gothic caftle, now the feat of
he duke of Northumberland. Here is
|a fpacious fquare for the market ; and a
large townhoufe, where the county
lueetings are held, except the allizes,
which are held at Newcaftle. It is feated
on the river Aln, 34 miles N of New-
cadle, and 308 N by w of London. Lon.
I 30 w, lat. 55 fSN.
A/ost, a town of Flanders, on the
river Dender, 15 miles NW of Bruflisls.
Alpnach, a town of SwilTerUnd, in
TJnderwalden, feated on an ^rm of the
lake of the Four Caatoaa, fix n^tles s of
Luccrti.
A L S
Alps,^ chain of mountains, in Europe*
which begins it the gulf of Genoa, to
the B of Nice, pafles into SwilTetl^ifnd,
crcfles that country and Tyrol, fepa-
rates Germany from Italy, and termi-
nates at the K part of the gulf of Venice.
This grand chain is fometimes divided
into two or more ridges, ranging one by
another, with only narrow vallies be-
tween ; and the different portione have
diftin<^ appellations, as the Maritime,
Pennine, Lepontine, Helvetian, Rhetian,
Julian, &c. They are compofed of
ftupendous rocky mafles, two, four, and
even fix being piled upon each other,
and from 4eoo to above 15,600 feet
high. There are few paflTcs over them,
?.nd thofe of difficult accefs. Swifler-
land has the central part of thefe moun-
tains, and the vallies between them.
The famous Hann'bal attempted to
crofs the Alps on t! c fide of Piedmont,
in the winter feafon, when he invaded
Italy, and loft mofl: of his elephattts
among them.
Alps, Upper, a department of Franco,
including part of the late province of
Dauphiny. It is fo called from its vi-
cinity to the mountains of that name.
The capital is Embrun.
Alps, Lower, a department of France,
including part of the late province ot
Provence. The capital is Digne.
Alps, Mantime, a new department of
France, including the county of Nice.
ITie capital is Nice.
Alpia'ares,\\\^)x mountains of Spain,
in Granada, near the Mediterranean.
They are inhabited by the Mrrifcos,
whocarefully cultivate thegronnd,which
produces excellent wines ?.nd fruits,
A/fs/'ord, a town in Hampftiire, with
a market on Thurfday, and a manufac-
ture of linfeys. To the sv/ /t the town
is a piece of water, covering about »oo
acres, which forms a head to the river
Itchin. It is 18 miles KE of South-
ampton, and 57 wsw of London.
Alsace, a late province of France,
bounded on the e by the Rhine, s hif
Swiflcrland and Frarichc Comte, w by
Lorr.ain, and N by the palatinate of the
Rhine. It is a fertile country, pro-
ducing plenty of corn, wine, pafture,
wood, flax, tobacco, ^ulfe, and fruit.
There are mines of filver, copper, an4
lead, as well as mineral waters. It is
diverfified v^ith ^leafai^t hills, and rnoun*
tains covered with for^fts, in which are
lofty pine trees. It is now included ui
the departm«nt8 of Vpper an4 i«ower
Bhioe.
Alscn, 9 f«^ile iflati4 of Deikmark, in
ibe Mttte BtJt, between SRefwri<;k jinjl
' s J
'■
ALT
Funcn, loo miles w of Copenhagen.
'ITie chief town is Sonderborg.
Ainfoldy a town of Germany, in Upper
HeflTf', with a cattle, fcateil on the
SchwaIon» la miles e of Marburg.
AUItcda, a town of Sweden, in Smo-
land, near which a gold mine was dif-
coveredin 1738.
Ahhra, a town of Naples, in the
Rlolife, on the river Tiferno, 23 miles
NE ofMolife.
Ahlcleji, a town of Upper Saxony,
in the principality of Anhalt, nine miles
ssw ofBernburg.
/ilstadt, a town of Upper Saxofiy, in
Thuringia, with a caftle, on the rivulet
Ranc, cicht miies w of Querfurt.
Alsfadt, a town of Moravia, i« the
ch"c]c of Olmutz, near the fource of the
Morau, 35 miles .vnw of Olmutz-
Alston-moor, or Atdstone, a town in
Cumberland, with a market on Satur-
day. Here is an iron foundery, and a
ihot manufa«fture ; and in its vicinity
are numerous l>;ad-mioe8. It is feated
on the fide of a hill, on the s branch of
the Tyne, ao^miles E by s of Carlifle,
and 471 N by w of London.
AUatnont, a town of Naples, in Cala-
bria Citeriore, 15 miles nw of Bafig-
niano.
Altamura, z town of Naples, in Terra
di Bari, at the foot of the Apennines, 10
inilee ne ofGravina.
; AUea, a feaport of Spain, in Valen-
cia. It was taken in 1705, for the
archduke Charles ; but loft, after the
famous battle of Almanza. It is feated
on the Mediterranean, 60 miles s by E of
Valencia, and 240 se of Madrid. Lon.
o 7 E» lat. 38 34 N'
Altetiatt, a town of Lower Saxony, in
the territory of Brunfwick, eight miles
s of Godar.'
Alfcubcrgy a town of Upper Saxony,
in Mifnia, celebrated for its tin mine, »o
mill's s ofDrefden.
AltenhuT^, a town of Upper Saxony,
in Thuringia, with a ^aftie on a rock.
It is feated on the PleilTe, ao miles s of
Leipfic.
Altcnhirg, a town of Lower Hungary,
on thfriver Leitha, at its entrance into
the Danube. Here are two churches
and a college : and its ancient caftic is
now principally ufed for a com maga-
zine. It is 17 JH'les ssE of Prefburg.
Altendurn, a town of the duchy of
Weftphalia, on tb^ river Bigge, 48 miles
« by N of Cologne.
Jltcnlfirchenf a tbwnof Germany, in
the Wefterwald, chjef of the county of
Sayn, with a caftk> 15 miles nvb of
Cobltfnt^i.
',.... ■ fft"
A L V
Altesson, a town of Piedmont, be-
tween the rivers Doire and Stura, three
miles K of Turin.
AUhirch, a town of France, in th*
department of Upper Rhine, on an emi-
nence, near tKte fource of the Hver III,
is miles s of Colmar.
AUmorc, a town of Ireland, in th(*
county of Tyrone, fcven miles nvv of
Dunganhon.
Alton, a town in Hampfliire, with a
market on Saturday. It has manufac-
tures of corded ftufTs, figured baragons,
ribbed druggctP, ferges, &c. and round
the town are plantations of hops. It
is feated. on the Wey, a8 miles ene of
Southampton, and 47 wsw of London.
Allona, a city and feaport of Lower
Saxony, in Holftein, feated on the Elbe,
two miles w of Hamburg. The Danes
built it in this fituation, that it might
rival Hamburg in commerce. It was
burnt by the Swedes in 171a, but has
been beautifully rebuilt, and is efti-
mated to contain 35,000 inhabitants.
Lon. 9 58 E, lat. 53 34 N.
Altorf, a town of Franconia, in the
territory of Nurenberg, with a univer-
fity, 16 miles se of Nurenberg.
Altorf, a town of Suabia, ao miles ne
of Conftance.
Altorf, a town of Swiifcrland, capital
of the canton of Uri. Here are two ftonc
pillars, i.'jo paces from each otherj at
which diftance Tell is faid to have fliot
the apple from his fon's head. This
deliverer of his country lived at Burgli,
near this place, and his cottage is
changed into a chapel, where mafs is
folemnly faid. Altorf ftands on the
lake of Lucern, sear the influx of the
river Rnfs, 20 miles s e of Lucern. Loti.
8 40 e, lat. 46 48 N.
Altring/iam, a town in Cheftiire,
Governed by a mayor, vrith a market on
'uefday. ' Here arc feveral manufac-
tures ot worfted and cotton ; and much
fruit and vegetables are fent h«nce to
Manchefter. It is feated near the duke
of Bridgcwater*8 canal, 30 miles ne of
Chefter, and 180 nw of London.
Alluuiupri, a town of Afiatic Turkey,
the capital' of Curdiftnn, and the reli-
dence of a pacha. It is fituate on the
river Altun, which flows into the Tigris,
;o miles se of Moful. Lon. 44 30 f,
lat. 35 45 N-
Alva dc Tormesf a town of Spain, in
Leon, with a caftle, feated on the
Tormes, 16 miles se of Salamanca.
Alvarad«, a river of Mexico, in the I
province of Ouaxaca, which rifes 40 j
miles above the town of Ouaxaca, and
flows N B till it enters the gulf of Mfxicoi
)f Piedmont,* be-
; and Stura, three
of France, in the
Rhine, on an emi-
:e of the rfvex 111,
if Ireland, in the
:ven miles nw of
Hampfliire, with u.
It has manu^'ac-
, figunjd bavagons,
es, &c. and round
itions of hops. It
', a3 miles ene of
7 wsw of London.
I feaport of Lower
fcatcd on the Elbe,
burg. The Danes
;ion, that it might
ommerce. It was
!8 in 171a, but has
built, and is efti-
15,000 inhabitants.
UN-
r franconia, in the
erg, with a univer-
Nurenberg.
Suabia, »o miles ne
Swiffcrland, capital
L Here are two ftone
rom each otberj at
is faid to have ftiot
Ton's head. This
itry Jived at Burgli,
jd his cottage is .
pel, where mafs is
orf ftands on tiic
ir the influx of the
EofLucern. Loti.
own in Chefhirc,
■, with a market on
feveral manufac-
cotton ; and much
are fent hence to
ated near tlie duke
lal, 30 miles ne of
of London.
, of Afutic Turkey,
ftan, and the refi-
[t is fituate on the
iws into the Tigris,
1. Lon. 44 3" '^>
town of Spain, in
lie, feated on the
|of Salamanca.
j)f Mexico, in the
p, which rifes 40 1
n of Ouaxaca, and
[hegulfofM^coi
A M A
it a town of the fame name, 40tnile&
s» of Vera Cruz. „ n-i.
' Ah'udun, a village in Gloucefterlhfre,
«ight miles n by e of Briftol. On the
top of a hill, near the Severn, is a round
camp, called Oldbury, where feveral
antiquities nave been dug up.
Ahey, a town of France, m the de-
t partment of Mont Tonnere, 'lately of
U Germany, in the palatinate of the Rhine ;
^liituate on the Selfle, 17 miles ssw of
Alzira, a town of Spain, in Valencia,
[which has a great trade in filk. It is
Turrounded by the Xucar, 17 miles s of
^^alencia.
Amadan, or Hamadan, a town of
[P-rfia, in Irac Agemi. Here are many
Jews, who allege that the tombs cf Mor-
Jccai and Efther are in the place which
erves them for a fynagogue. It is aoo
liles NE of Bagdad. Lon. 47 4 E» lat. 35
* Amadia, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in
Cui diftan, governed by a bey j feated on
' a high mountain, 40 miles se of Gezna.
Lon. 41 is E, lat. 365 N.
Amakf an ifland of Denmark, on
which part of Copenhagen, called Chrif-
Itianihafen, is built. It is eight miles
1 long and four broad, and feparated fi-om
[Zealand by a narrow channel, over
[which are two bridges that communi-
cate with Copenhagen. It is laid out
pn gardens and paftures, «ind fupplies
Copenhagen with milk; butter, and
jregetabks.
Amal, a town of Sweden, in Goth-
md, with a good Wbour on the lake
Venncr. It has a great trade in tim-
ber, deals, and tar; and is 175 miles
|\v of Upfal. Lon. 11 40 E, lat. 59 o n.
Amalagan, one of the Ladrone iflandu,
bout fix leagues in circumference,
ton. 145 38 E,iat. 18 o N.
Amalji, a feaport of Naples, in Prin-
llpato Citeriore, and an archbiihop'^
te. Flavio Gioia, Who is laid to have
ivented the mariner's compafs, was a
lative of this town. It is feated on the
rw fide of the gulf of Salerno, 1.1 miles
m of Salerno. Lon. 24 45 t, lat. 40
ii N.
Amand, St. a town of France, in the
epartment of Cher, near the river Cher,
\i miles i of Bourges.
Amand, ilt. a town of France, in the
kpartment of Nord, with an abbey i
|eated on the Scarp, feven miles N of
Valenciennes.
Amanlea, a feaport of Naples, in
Calabria Citeriore, near the bay of Eu-
lia, 10 miles sw of Cofcnaa. Lon. 16
' h bt 39 UN.
A M A
Ath'apalla, a feaport of Mexico, \H
Nicaragua, feated on an illandon the w
fide of the entrance of a gulf of the
fame name. Lon. 88 30 w, lat. 13 10 it.
Amarante, a town of Portugal, ia
Entrfc Douero e Minho, on the river
Tamnga, 30 miles ene of Oporto.
Aniasia, a town of Afiatic Turkey, ia
Natolia, the birthplace of Strabo, the
geographer. It is the capital of a pro-
vince which produces excellent winw
and fruits. It was deftroyed by nn
earthquake in 1794. It is feated on the
Cafalmack, 36 rniles n of Tocat. Lon.
36 o E, lat. 40 31 N.
Amalitjua, a gijlf in the bay of Hon>
duras, between Cape Three Points and
theeulf Dulce. Lon. 90 o w,lat. 16 o m.
Arnato, a town of Naples, in Cala-
bria Citeriore, on a river of the fame
name, feven miles se of Nicaftro.
Amazon, or Maranon, a river of ;^
America, and the greateft in the world.
Its fource is in Peru, not far from tine
Pacific ocean, and running e eaters tlte
Atlantic ocean directly uijder the equi-
no^ial line. Its courie is 3300 miles, its
mouth is 150 miles broad, and 1500
miles from its mouth, it is 30 fathoms
deep. It receives, in its progrefs, near
aoo other rivers, many of which have a ■
courfe of 1500 miles, and fome of thcat
not inferior to the Danube, or the Nile.
In the rainy feafon it overflows its bank^a ^
and fertilizes the adjacent country. "^
Amazonia, a country of S Americi^
1400 miles long and 960 broad ; bound-
ed on the N by Terra Firma and Gui-
ana, E by the Atlantic ocean and BrafiV
s by Paraguay, and w by Peru. It wj^
tlifcovered in ij8o, by Francifco Orel-
lana, who, coming from Peru,#iited
down the river ^mnzon to the At«<
lantic Obferving companies of womelk
in arms on its banks, he called the
country Amazonia, and gave the name
of Amazon to the river, which had for-
merly been called Maranon. The air
in this country is ctyoler than might bci .
expected, coiUideriog its fituation in the
torrid zone ; tliis is owing partly to the
heavy rains, which caufe the inunda-
tions of the rivers for oce half of the
year, and partly to the cloudinefii of the
atmofphere, by which the fun is ob-
fcured the greateil part of the daj'.-
The fair feafoA is about the time of the
fol(lice3, and the rainy feafon about thie
equinoxes. The foil Is very rich antl
fertile ; the trees .and plants are verdant
all the year. The woods abound with
tigets, wild banrs, buffalo^, deer, and
!;am« of various kinds. TheTiversaod
akei abouod with fifh, but are in£6fted
rfllf
if:
A M B -:'
li)LaH(i:a(6rii and water fcrpetiyi> Tbclr
|i#nkft are inhabited by differ«flt tribesi
«#]ndiahi, governed by petty fovereigns,
nftinguiflied from their fubjedts by a
coronet of beautiftii feathers, a belt of
tigers' teeth or claws, and a wooden
f#ord4 The natives art? of a good
fntu*t> mkI copper edlour^ with h<^..d-
fi»1) .: fcaturesand long bUiek hair. They
^miice cotton cloth; and their houfes
"'im built of wood and clay> thatched
«nth^ feeds. Their atms are darts.
JMveHns* bows and arrows, and targets
of cane or fifliikin . The Spanijvds have
niade many unfuccefsful attempts to
f«tt!e In thiscottntry ; but on the coaft,
between Cape North and the mouth of
the Amazon, the Portuguefe have fome
teall fettlemcnts.
•^8^«rg, a fortified town, capital of
(|e pjbtinate of Bavaria, with a (Irong
" lie. lire magnificent church of St.
tin contains many beautiful paint-
4nd curiofitics ; iUnd the mint is
l^eqied one of the fineft buildings of
the kihd in German^r. In .1743 it was
ti^eiHiy the Auflriatis, ai*d in 1796 by
^ French. It is feated on the river
AWi 40 miles 3 of Nurenberg. Lon.
at o 9, lat. 49 *7 N«
lAmherieux, a town of France, in the
, , ariment of Ain, ts miles n t of Lyon.
''jHf^ert, a town of France, in the de-
^^prtnient of Puy de Dome. There are
tthmerout papermakers in its vicinity,
md ifihas a trade i^ coarle laces, cam-
Ins, filets, Sec. It is feated in a beau*
A v$itleyt on the river Dure, 21 miles
)f Iflbtre.
lAnilleside, a town in Weftmorland,
I a marlKt on Wcdnefday. Here is
t. maCliu&Aure of woollen cloth. It is
Iiile4<;n the Rotha, near the head of
ttmdWmcre-water, t$ miles nw of
]|in»dliUanda76 nnw of London.
v^JMkUiuei a feaport of France, in the
dcpattmrat of Pas de Calais, defended
b^r a battery. At this port Cefar em-
lirkcd his ^valry Avhen he palTfd over
to England ; and here James 1 1 landed
hitmparture from£ngiand,in 1688.
is &at«d on the £nglifli chanfiel,
ihtanilet n of Boulogne. Lon. i 36 e,
^ IfnioMe, a towa of France^ in the die-
||irtn«rnt of Indrc and Loirt. The
fltircare of tbc caftic is. without fteps,
•^A may be sffcended to tb^ very top.
nnre Louis xi itiftituted the order of
P& ItCichel. It it feated at the con-
AttcBce of tlie itellee iwith the Loire,
lIcBiilii B l^ K )Ci Tours, bod 118 4 Iqr
Wof^aris.
. A»kviirmg„$, toyn of Jtmo,, io ihe
AM? 1
department of Ain, 20 mttltis ifw oP
Belley, and »7 NE of Lyon. ' ^^
Amboyua, an ifland in the India^
ocean, the Dutch metropolis of ,tho
Moluccas. It is ; 6 tnilea in len^h from
N to s, and divided, on the w fide, S>y a
large bay into two paytR ; the larg^ of
which is called Hetou, and the dther
Leytimor. The face of this ifland ii
beautiful; ii^oody mountains and ver^
dant plains teing interfperfed with iiim-
lets, and enriched by cukivation..' Tb*
chief prodadts are clove?, notnieg«»
fngar, cofiee, and. manydeli«iQiHfniitt,
I'he principal animals are deer and wil<|
hogs. The Englilh and Dutch had fac^
tories here at the beginning of the 17th
century ; but the Dutch expelled, tha
Englifh, and tortured and put to death
many of them. The natives wear ^argQ
whiikers, and their drefs is only a iKghl
piece of lluft' wrapped round their mid<»
die. The men buy their wives of tbeie
parents, and if they prove barren» the
marriage is void. They «re generallyi
Mahome^a is ; but there are fome Cbrif..
tians among them. This ifland was
taken by the Englilh, in 1796, and re*
ftored by the treaty at Amiens, in i8o2«
The chief town is of the fame name,
neatly built, and ftands near the sw
extremity. Lon. 127 20 e, lat. 4 so s,
Ainhresburu. See Atnesburi/. ,
Amlrose, Si. an ifland on the coaft
of Chili, IS*, miles w from St. Felix
ifland. The crew of captain Roberts,
in 1792, killed and cured h«Te r3,ooat
feal flcins, in fi:ven weeks- Lon. £0^-5 j
w, lat. »6 13 s. ;
Amtrtfrnf one of the New Hebrideiy
in the Pacific ocean, 50 miles in circum*
ference. Lon. 168 i% e, lat. 16 10 n.
Amrdabnd, a city of Hindooftan, the
capital of Guzerat. The wal|« are fix
miles in circumference, and contain
twelve gates } but now not a quartet of
the area is inhabited. The mofque and
tomb of the founder, Tatar Ahmed, are
built of ftone and marble, the laft of
exquifite workmanfliip. It was taken
by general Goddard, in 1780, from the
Poonah JMlahrattas, to whom it was re*
ftored in 17^3. It is feated in a level
country, on a iiavigable river that enters
t;he gulph of Cambay, 320 miles K of
Bombay., Lon. 72 37 e, lat. 13 18 n.
Amednagurf a city and fort of Hin*
dnoitan, once the capital of the foubah
of ita name, which is now better known
by that of Dowlatabad. lliis city wail
the refidoAce of emp«ror Aurungzebfi»
duriiv Ms cenqueft of the Deccan anil
die (Sialic. Io T803, it was taken i^.j
the British undtf general WeUdC^.
•■■mm-'
Jie New Hebrideiy
;o miles in circum*
% E, lat. i6 10 N*
I'
f
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( 1
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In 7 J mile? N E of Poona. Lop. 75 « •'j
Jat <9 lo N.
Amiinahad, a town of Hindooftan, in
Lahore, 35 miles N by w of Lahore
Atnclni,' an illiuid on the roaft of B
Flotuln, 1 3 miles long and two broad ;
^cxtendiinj. about two rnilcs from the
Ifontinciin^bftwecn tlic rivers St. Mary
»nd Niiirau. It is very fertile, and has
town with an excellent harbour, at its
end. Lon. 81 o w, lat. 30 45 K.
AmvU.T, a town of Italy, in tlie duchy
sf Spoleto, featcd on a. mountain be-
tween the 'i'iber and Nira, ao miles b\v
}f Spoleto, and 45 n of Rome.
AMKltlCA, one of the four parts of
the world, and by mucli the largeft. It
js bounded on nil (ides by the ocean, as
appears from the Jateft difcovi^ries, it
l>eing formerly fuppofed to join to the
northeaft part of Alia. It cook its name
•from Americus Vefpucius, a Florentine,
who having accompanied Ojeda, a
Spanilh adventurer, to America, and
drawn up an amufing hiftory of his
vo^'age, publilhcd it, and it was read
V'th admiration. In his narrative, he
had infmuated, that the glory of having
firfl difcov()|-ed the continent of the new
W'orld belonged to him. This was in
part believed ; the country began to be
called after the name of its fuppofed
(irlt difcoverer ; and the unaccountable
caprice of mankind has perpetuated the
error. But America was firft difcovered
by Chriftophcr Columbus, a Genoefe,
in 1491. It is called the New World
with great propriety ; for not only the
^ men, but the birds and bends, differ, in
fome refpedts, from thofe known before.
It has likewife a great number of trees
^and plants, that grew no where tlfe
before they were tranfmitted to other
I places. AH the men, except the Efqui-
maux, near Greenland, feem to have
[the fame origin ; for they agree in
every particular, from the ftrait of
Magellan, in the s, to Hudfon bay, in
the N. Their (kins, unlefs daubed with
greaftf or oil, are of a red copper colour,
and they have no beards, or hair on any
other parts of their bodies, except their
tieads, where it is black, ftraight, and
coarfe. Many are the conjectures about
the pt;opling of this vaft continent, and
almull as various as their authors.
America is fo long, that it takes in not
^ only all the torrid, but alfo the tem«
At'rate and part of the frigid zones.
The ccld of America is much greater
I than in th'j countries of Europe, under
I the lame latitude. A continent fo ex-
itbnrive mu(t naturally be various in its
m\ and produAions. in the moft
A M B*
northern and moft fouthem parti, tl
countries are cold, fturile, and deCin'tj
while ill the centre are found the ri«h«|
metals, minerals, precious (tones,
abimdance of the mod valuable and
ful commoditfeH. It is hArU to fjy kowi^i^
many difterent languages there are in^
Aninrica, a vaft number being fpok«a -
by the different people in difterent
parts; and as to religion, there itt B^
giving any tolerable account of it in
general, though fome of the moft civi.
lized of the aborigines feem to have
worihipped the fun. The principal
motive of the Spaniards in fending fo
many colonies here was the thirft of'
gold ; and indeed they and the Porta*
gU(!fe are poOefted ot all thofe partt
where it is found in the greatcft plenty.
This vaft continent is divided into
North and South America, which are
joined by the ifthmus of Darien. It hat
the loftieft mountains in the world, fucil
ns the Andes and Allegany, whicn foril
immcnfe ranges; and the moft ftu*
pendous rivers, fuch as the Amazont
Plata, Oronoko, Miftiflippi, Miflburr,
Illinois, Ohio, St. Lawrence, HudfuOf
Delaware, Sufquehanna, Potomac, &c.
Ucfide the iiboriginrs, who inhabit the
interior parts, and the United States a|
America, who pofTefs Louifiana, and
fome of the Hneft provinces, the difTcrr
ent European powers have rich an4
flourilhing colonies here. In N Ame-
rica, Great Britain poflefles Labrador*
Upper and Lower Canada, Nova Scotia*
and Ne'.v Brunfwick ; and Spain hat
Eaft and Weft Florida, Mexico, New
Mexico, New Albany, and Califiumia.
In S America, Spain poflefles Terra
Firma. Peru, Chili, and Paraguay ; the
Portuguefe have Brafil ; the Frencl^
Cayenne, and the Dutch, Surinam, b&tb
in Guiana.
Aincipuurf a town of Hindooftan, in
the province of Napal, 170 miles ne ot'
Patna. Lon. 87 a * > lat. a6 37 n.
AmcrsJ'ortf a'iDwn of Holland, in the
ftate of Utrecht. It has a trade in beer
and tobicco, and goods from Germany
are fliipoed here for Amfterdaxn. It is
feated m a fertile country, on the river
Embs, 10 miles ene of Utrecht.
Amersham, or AgjnondesfiaiHf a bo»
rough in Buckinghamfltire, with a
market on Tuefday. The townhall is
the handfomeft in the county. It fi
feated in a vale between woody hills, 46
n:\iles )4lV of London.
Amatury^ or Amlreslurt/f a tovra ib
Wiltftiire, wJjl a market on Friday. It
is feated on Inb Avon, at the piace where
a nuffibtir Of l)iitQD3 ^»tte treache>-
%
/•
#
MannroBM
ICO
%*_«""
MUi^i
oJfMirnai^
'oMmm
G V J. *i of ■'•**
"%«»
Vf^^'^
«5«'-
■'■10m
«.(
J
?A M M
9ufly murdered, and near that ramoui
snument of .antiquity^ Stonehenge.
t are the rutns of a venerable abbey.
This place gave birth to the celebrated
' Jofeph Addifon. It is fix miles N of
V'>Satiiburv, and 77 w of London.
' ' Amcslurtf , a town of Maflachufets, in
Eflex county, lituate on the Merrinnac,
at the mouth of Vawovr river» four
miles N w of Newbury Port.
Amherst, a town or New Hampfhire,
capital of Hilfborough county. The^
Aurean academy was founded here in
%7^o. It is fituate on a n branch of the
><Souhegan, 5 ? milf s nw of Bofton, and
%o W8W of Portfmouth. Lon. 71 33
tr, lat. 43 54 N.
Jj- Amherst f a town of MaflachufetSi in
iHampfliire county, eight miles nne of
forthan^ton, and 97 w of Bofton.
wfimi^CT's^iiirg, a towr, and fortof Upper
€anada, on .the e fid< of the river De-
oit, at its entrance into Lake Erie.
Xon. 8% 56 w, lat. 4* 36 n.
*« Amidf a town of Afiatic Turkey, in
ITatolia, 40 miles e of Amafia. Lon.
56 40 E, lat 40 30 N.
ii Amiens f a city of France, and an epif-
copal fee, capital of the department of
Somme. The cathedral is a ftately
^udlure; befide which there ^re 10
parilh churches, one in thefuburbs, and
an academy of belles lettres. Three
branches of the river Somme pafs
through this city, and afterward unite.
it wat; taken by the Spaniards in i '^97,
but retaken by Henry iv, who built a
ieitAdel here. It has manufadlures of
linen and woollen cloth, which employ,
in the city and ac'jaccnt country, 30,000,
^rople. A treaty of peace was can-
Ciiuled here, March 27, i8oa, between
8|^in, Holland, France, and Kn'^iand'.
'It*8 ao miles su of Abbeville, and 75 n
of Paris. Lon. 2 18 E,lat. 49 54 n.
'f Amlwich, a town of Wales, on the
i! w coaft of Anglefea, with a harbour for
fmall vefllls. In 17&8, when the Pavys
mines were opened, it'flid not contain
above fix houfes ; and in 1801 they
amounted to 1025. It is 45 miles w of
Beaumaris, and 27 s nw of London.
See Parys.
Amman, a town of Syria, ancien:ly
Che capital of the Ammonites, called
P ibi^ah Ammon, and now the principal
place of a diftrid. It is 30 miles 3w of
Bofra.
Ammercnf, a fort of Hindooftan, in
the extenfive fandy defart between the
Indus and the Puddar. Thi8'|>lace is
0elchrated as the retreik of emperor
Humaioon, during his troubles ; and
here was bom his foil) the Ulufttiout
Acbar. |tis 160 milea cKe of Tattt^
Lon. 70 o E, lat. 25 40 n.
Amol, a town of Ufbec Tirtary, in
Bokharia, and a place of confiderable
trade. It is feated on the Amu, 60
miles w of Bokhara. Lon. 6z 4 b^ lat.
3<> 4 N. , -,
' Amolf a tovrn of Perfia, in Mazan#
deran, with the remains of an ancient
fortrefs and palace. It has manufac*
tures of cotton, and in the neighbour^
hood are iron mines and cannon foun<
deries. It Hands in a plain at the fou
of Mount Taurus, and on the borders
of the Cafpian fea, 30 miles nw of
Ferabad. Lon. 54 38 e, lat. 37 30 w.
Amonehurg, a town of Germany, in
Upper Hefle, feated on the Otnern,
eight miles ene of Marburg.
Atnorgo, an idand of the Archipdago,
fertile in wire, oil, and corn. Ibe beft
cultivated parts belong to a monallery.
It is 30 miles in circumference, and 67
N of Candia. Lon. 26 15 £,. lai
36 SON.
Amour, or Amur, a river of Chinefe
Tartary. See Saghalien.
Amoy, an ifland on the se coail of
China, 15 miles in circumference. The
Englilh had a factory here, but aban-
doned it, on account of the impofitions
of the inhabitants. Its port, on the w
fide, is capable of receiving 1000 (hips.
Lon. 118 4f E, lat. 14 ao n.
Amplepms, a town of France, in the
department of Rhone, celebrated for its
wines. It is 16 miles w of Villefrauche,
and 26 NW of Lyon.
Amposta, a town of Spain, in Cata^
Ionia, feated on the Ebro, feven miles %
ofTortofa.
Amplhill, a town in Bedfordflilrc,
with a market on Thurfday. It was
the refidence of Catharine, queen of
Henry viii, during the time that hw
unjuft divorce wasyjn agitation. This
event is commemorated by a poetical
itifcription on a column where the old
caflleftood. It is fituate between two
hills, fix miles s of Bedford, and 45 v\v
of London.
Ampurias, a fcaport of Spain, in Cata.
Ionia, at the mouth of the Fluvia, 70
miles N B of Barcelona. Lon. 3 o £> j
lat. 41 9 N.
Amras, a caftle or palace of Germany, I
in Tyrol, at the foot of a inountiin, two |
miles SK of Infpruck. '
Amntcrtlam, a rich ^nd populous cityi
capital of Holland, and of the depart-
ment of .\ mftel . Next to London , • it is I
deemed the moft commercial city in the
world* and is fuppofed to contain
212,00.0 inhabitants. The walls aiis
I« f
tiles ct^E of Tatts.
Uibec Tirtary, in
ace of conr>derable
1 on the Amu, 60
. Lon. 6» 4 Bf lat.
r Perfia, in Mazani*
nains of an ancienl
. It has manufac*
d in the neighbour-
is and cannon foun-*
1 a plain at the fou
and on the borders
1, 30 miles Nw of
38 B, lat. 37 3« N-
wn of Germany, in
ed on the Othern,
Marburg.
I of'the Archipelago,
and corn. Ibebeft
long to a monattery.
rcumferencci and 67
jon. «6 ij E,. \i\
r, a river of Chinefe
halien.
on the SE coaft of
circumference. The
tory here, butaban-
mt of the impofitions i
Its port, on the w
iceiving 1000 fliips.
14 ao N.
vn of France, in the
jne, celebrated for its |
[les w of Villefrauche,
n.
[n of Spain, in Cata*
£bro, feven miles s
ivn in Bedfordfliirc,
Thurfday. It was 1
jCatharine, queen of
ig tlie time that h«
|8\jn agitation. This
irated by a poetical |
llumn where the old ^
fituate between two
Bedford, ami. 45 nw
jrtof Spain, in Cata-
|h of the Fluvia, 70 |
klona. Lon- 30^*!
palace of Germ anyi
k ofamounLiin,twu|
|h and populous cityi
and of the depart-
lext to London,- it J« I
j)mmercialcity inthe
fppofed to contain
The walls att|
ANA
higfh, and well fortified ; and the bridgfe
L wljich joins the rampart is built over the
river Amftel. Few cities have their
public buildings fo fine, numerous, and
Mrell kept. Here are many handfome
churches, colleges, and hofpitals for
perfons of all religions and countries.
sThc exchange is one of the principal
|ornaments o^ the city, aud the harbour
lis one of the fineft in Europe. The
ffoiihdation of this ♦own is laid upon
ipilos, driven into a morafs,. and under
[%he ftadthor.fe alone are »i,6j9- The
Ireets are broad and well paved, and
10ft of them have canals, with rows of
trees on each fide; but there are no
Ffpacious public places, or fquares. It
I furrendei ed to the king of Pruflia in
|D(Jl. 1787, when that prince invaded
[Holland, in favour of the ftadtholder ;
fand it received the French troops in
IJaui 1795, withput any refiftance. It
; IS feated at the confluence of the Amftel
and Wye, 70 miles nw of Cleve, and 80
N by.E of Antwerp. Lon. 4 5* e, lat.
5» 22 N.
Amsterdam, and St. Fault two iflands
in the Indian ocean, lying in the fame
longitude, at 40 miles diftance. Their
names are reyerfed by navigators, but
moft of them call the northern one St.
Paul, and the ibuthern Atnfterdaq?>
The latter is high land, and upward of
four miles lortg, and two broad. It has
evident marks of volcanic eruption in
every part, and almoft wholly covered
with a deep fertile foil, but is deftitute
of trees. On the £ fide is a great crater,
into which the fea has made a narrow
and (hnliow entrance : its fhelvisg fides
are 700 feet in perpendicular height, in
which, and in the caufeway dividing it
from the fea, are feveral hot fprings of
! frelh water. St. Paul, or the northern
illand, prefents no very high land, or
any rife in a conic form. It is covered
I with flirubs and low trees, but has no
convenient landing-place. Lon. 77 48 e,
Jat.37 5is.
Annlerdam, New, one of the Friendly
illands. See Tongutaloo.
Awu, or GJ/i«H,a river of Independent
Tartary, which iffues from the moun-
tains of Belur, on the confines of India
and Perfia, and flowing N through Bok^
haria, enters the s extremity of the lake
Aral, after a courf'e of 900 miles.
Amwelly a village in Hertfordfliire, a
niile s of Ware, famous for originally
giving rife to the New River, which
mpplies a great part of London with
water.
Anacopia, the capital of the nation of
the Abka}is, op the river Aiakai, xiux its
A
N e
entrance Into the Black fea.
30 E, lat. 43 so N.
Lon. 4«
Anadir, a river of Siberia, which hat
its fource out of a lake in the prpvincf
of Tchukotfld, and nms into the gulf w
Anadir, in the fea of Kamfchatka.
^ Anagni, a town of Italy, in Campagna
di Roma, 3 a miles e of Rome.
Anah, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in
Diarbeck, in a country producing
abundance of corn and fruit. It ftands
on a river that flows into the Euphrates,
80 miles WNW of Bagdad, and 340 sse
of Diarbekir. Lon. 42 28 e, lat. 34 6 >r.
Ananpour, a town of Hindooftan, in
Myfore, 24 miles se of Nagara.
Ananlpour, a town of Hindooftan, ill
Myfore, 100 miles ne of Chitteldroog,
and Z20 N of Bangalore.
Anattom, an ifland, the moft foutbem
of the New Hebrides, in the Pacific
ocean. Lon. 1709 e, lat. 30 10 s,
Anlar, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in
Irac Arabi, feated on the Euphrates, 50
miles w of Bagdad.
Aucarano, a town of Italy, in the
marquifate of Ancona, five miles N of
Afcoji, and 82 ne of Rome.
Ancatter, a village in Lincolnfliire, ij
miled js of Lincoln. It ftands on a
Roman highway, at the foot of a hill
which abouuds with antiquities, and at
the s end are the remains of a caftle. . '
Ancenis, a town of France, in the
department of l^iwer Ix>irc, feated on
the Loire, 20 miles E of Nantes.
Ancholm, a river in Lincolnfliiie,
which rifes near Market Raifin, flows to
Glandfordbridge,and is navigably thence
to the Humber.
Anclam, a fortified town of Hither
Pomerania, on the river Pecne, 20 miles
SE of Gripfwald.
AficoLa\ a temtory of Guinea, on the
Gold coaft, to the w of Axim. It has
a river of the fame name, flowing
through it ; and at its mouth is a town
with a giiod harbour. Lon. i 10 w,
lat. 4 50 N.
Ancotia, a marquifate of Italy, in the
Ecclefiaftical State, 70 miles long and
50 broad ; bounded on the nw by Ur-
bino, N E by the gulf of Venice, s by
Naples, and sw by Spoleto. The foil
is fertile, particularly in hemp and flax,
and there is plenty of wax and honey.
Ancona, a city of Italy, capital of the
marquifate of Ancona, and a bifliop's
fee, with a citadel on a hill. The ca-
thedral ftands upon another hill, and
the houfes extend down the fide of the
eminence toward the gulf of Venice.
Clement x 1 1 built a mole, to renderthe
harbour fafe } it is ^rc^e^ on the ruins
« X M &
*f the ancieint mote, rilfc^ t>y TVajJrtj,
and i« above aooo tet>t in length. Ne»f
th(!) ftandb the beautiful triumphal arch
bf Trajan. Here likewlfe Clertetft
iereAed a lazaretto, which advsAiiccs a
little way into tWe fea, in the form of A
pentagon . Great nu rtibera of Jews are
fettled in thi» eitv, where tliey Iiavc a
lynagogue ; aiid tncy have the principal
ihare of its ccmmerce. Ancona was
taken in 1796 by the French, who fur-
rendered it to the Attftrians in 1799.
It is 116 miles N by cof Rome. Lon.
13 19 E,lat.43 38 N.
' Andalusia, a province of Spain^
'which, in its largeft feufe, is divided
into Upper and Lower ; Upper Anda-
lufia comprehending the province of
Granada, and Ltiwer Andafulia the dii^
t'rifts of Seville, Cordova, and Jaen.
Andalulia, in a reflri^ed fenfb (ck-
cluding Granada) is 170 miles lung and
lo broad ; bounded on the N by Eftre-
fnaduraand Mancha, e by Mnrcia, s by
Granada and the Mediteiranean, and w
l>y the Atlantic and Portugal. The
Guadalquiver runs through its wholfe
length ; and it is t' e mo« fertile and
trading country in Spain. ■ The capital
Is Seville.
Atidalmia, New. See Paria,
Andaman Islands, fevcral iflands on
the E side of the bay of Bengal. The
largeft, called Great Andaman, is 120
mifes long and i '> broad, indented by
dei'p bays affording good harbourt<, and
interfered by vaft creeks, one of which
'twfles quite through the ifland, and at
nigh water is navigable for fmall vef-
fels. The forefts afford fome precious
trees, as ebony .ind the Nicobcr brePd-
fruit ; and the edible birds' nefts abound
here. The only quadrupeds feem to be
"wild hogs, monkeys, and rats. The in-
habitants are in a ftatc of barbarifm, and
live chiefly on fifli, fruits, and herbs ;
they perfedly refcmble Negros, and
their canoes are of the rudeft kind. In
1793, the Eiiglilh made a fettlement on
the N end of Great Andaman, the larg.
eft ifland, which is called Port Corn-
wallis, and has a commodious harbour
to flieltcr fliips during the n e monfoon.
Lon. 93 o E, lat. i? 3o n.
Anaayp, a fortified town of France,
in the department of I ower Pyrenees,
fituate near the mouth of the Bidaflba,
almoft oppofite Fontarabia, in Spain, 18
miles sw of Bayonnc."
Andely, a town of Frapce, in the de-
partnient of Eure, divided by a paved
road into Great and Little Andely, a
mile from each other. Great Andely is
en the rivulet Gamons, and Little An-
AN1>
f(e1y6n iht Seine. The slotfit mantii
foAured here are in high cftecm. It it
1 7 miie* nc of £*reux, and 20 s& of
Rouen.
A..derah, fe city of Ufcec Tartiry,
capital of the province of Tbkarifhin.
in its vidnity are rich quirrie^ of fapii
lazuli. At is feated on a river, and near
a paft through the mountains of Hindoo*
ko, £40 miles ese of l^lk. Lon. 69 5I
B, Ist. 36 10 N.
Andn-nach, a town <jf Franc^, in th<
department of Rhine and Mofelle, latclf
bf Gitmanj', in the eleAorate of Co-
logne, with a caftle. Great quantitiei
of timber are collecfted here, which arft
formed into vaft rafts, and Boated hencC
to Dordrecht, in Holland. It is feated
on the Rhine, 10 miles nw of Coblshtz.
Andero, St. See Saiifauder.
Andes, or Cordilkras, a ^rsnd chain
of mountr.ins in S Amcnca, runnin|(
kloni; tbccoaft of the F .« :fic ocean, from
the ifthmus of Dane u the ftrait of
Magellan, a len;;th uf 4300 miles.
They are much fuperioi in height to any
other mountains « for th*» plain of
Qiiito, which may be confidered as the
bafe of the Andes, is devated further
above the fea than the top of the Pyre-
nees ; and the Andes rife, ki diffetvnt
places, more than one third above tho
Pike of Teneriffe. They may be lite-
rally fald to hide their heads in the
ciou'^B : the ftorms often roll, and the
chunder burfts below their fummits,
which, though expofcd to the rAys of
the fun in the torrid zone, are covered
with everlafting fnow. From experi-
ments made with a barometer, on the
mountain of Cotop^xi, it appeared that
its fummit was elevated 6152 ynrdi
above th<^ furface of the fea ; and the
fummit of Chimborazo, the molt ele-
vated point of this chain, is faid to be
^)76o yards. In thefe mountains are
many volcunos.
Andlau, a town of France, in the dc-
partinent of Lower Rhine, with a caftle,
fituate on a mountain, 18 miles ssw of
Stralburg.
A'ldover, a borough in Hampfliire,
with a market on Saturday, a manufac-
ture of (balloons, and a confiderable
trade in malt. A navigable canal pafl'ca
hence to Southampton water. It is
fituate near the river Ande, 10 miles n
by w of Winchefter, and 6j w by s of
London. Lon. i to w,lat. 51 14 n.
Andooer, a t6wn of MafTachufets, in
Eflex county. Here is an cxcelh-iit
academy, called Phillips. Academy ; alfo
manufaClures of paper and gunpowder.
It is ruiiate on the Sbawftieen, so mk%
I
7ft
The slothttnantii
I high cfteem. It i«
rreuX) and so ss of
of Ufcec Tartir)r,
irince of Tokariftan.
ieh quirrie^ of fapii
on a river, and noar
nountains of Hindoo*
tflialk. Lon. 695!
vn <if Franc^, in th<
e and Mofelle, \itc\f
le eitAorate of Co<
;. Great quantitiei
fted here, which are
18, and floated henci
[olland. It is feated
lies N w of Coblshtz.
L* Santander.
krast a ^rsnd chain
> Amcnca, running
e F .< :Sc ocean, from
ic ij the ftrait of
h uf 4300 miles.
sriov in height to any
for th«» plain of
be confidered as the
, is devated further
the top of the Pyre-
des rife, ki different
one third above tho
They may be Jite-
their heads in the
often roll, and the
ow their fumnriits,
()fcd to the rays of
d zone, are covered
[)w. From experl-
I barometer, on the
txi, it appeared that
evated 6152 yard!
if the foa ; and the
azo, the mott ele*
chain, is faid to be
lefe mountains are
if France, in the dc-
thine, with a caflle,
in, 18 miles ssw of
gh in Mampfliire,
turday, a manufac-
and a confiderable
vigable canal paflei
ton water. It is
Andu, 10 miles n
and 6j w by s of
w,lat. 51 14 N.
nf Maflachufeta, in
-o is an excellent
ips Academy ; alfo
r and gunpowder,
lawihccn, zo a\iki
\pnir of Hewbury Port, and 4» Www of
f^Bofton. - . . .
Andragirtj, the capital of a kmgdom
•n the K coaft of the ifland of Sumatra.
The chief produce is pepper. It^is
fcated on a river, commodious for trade,
*co miles n by w of Bencoolen. Lon.
202 ?, lat. 058*.
Andrarum, a town of SwedenMi^
Gothland, with tht greateft alum wwk
in the kingdom. It is to miles s of
[ Chriftianftadt.
f Andreasberg, a town of Lowrer SaK0«
rpy, in the ducby of Brunfwick, with
■ S;ood filver mines, 38 miles ne of Got-
i tingen.
JndreWy St. a to\Vn Of Germany, m
Carinthia, and a blftiop's fee ; feated on
the river Lavaot, ao miles enk of Cla*
jenfurt.
Andrew, St. a, city of Scotland, in
Fifelhire, formefly the fee of an arch-
bilhop, and ftill the feat of the oldcft
Scotch univerfity. The univerfity was
founded by bifliop Wardlaw, in 141 1,
and confifts of two colleges. The ca-
thedral, the chapel of St. Regulos, the
church of St. Salvador, and the priory,
have been noble ftnicitures. The caftle
was the fcene of the cruelty and puniih-
ment of cardinal Beton : the window is
ftill (howm, from which he beheld th6
martyrdom of George VVifhart, who was
burnt on the fpot beneath ; and in this
caftle he himielf was aflalTinated in
1546. The chief manufadlures are can-
vafs, brown linens, and golf balls ; but
it is a place of little trade, nor is the
baibour in good condition. It is feated
at the bottom of a bay, on the level top
of a fmall hill, 30 miles njjk of Edin-
burg. Lon. z 50 w, lat. 56 18 n.
Aiubia, a town of Naples, in Bari,
four miles s of Barletta.
Andras, an illaud in the Archipelago,
24 mileg long and eight broad. It has
f(Ttile plaijiK, which are well watered ;
and it wants only a good harbour. The
inhabitants are of the Greek church, and
have a bifliop and feveral monaflcrics.
The principal riches of this ifland con-
lift in filks, and the fields produce
oranges, citrons, mulberries, pome-
granates, and figs. The capital is of
the fame name, on the e coaft Lon.
25 a K, lat. 38 o N.
Ainlugan, a town of Ufbec Tartary,
capital of the province of Fergana ;
feated on the river Sirr, 300 miles nk of
Samarcand. Lon. 68 55 e, lat. 4s
as N
Anduxar, or Andujar, a town of
Spain, in Andahifia, with a caftle, and
fomc beautiful churches and convents.
The environs abound in wheat, tidne*
oil, honey, and fruit. It it feated on
the Guadalquiver, t; miles wnw of
Jaen. Lon. i 54 w,lat. 37 48 w.
Angediva, a fmall ifland in the Indlati
ocean, on the w coaft of Hindooftan»
belonging to the Portuguefe. It is 6a
miles ssE of Goa. Lon. 74 la b, lat.
14 43N'
Anegada, one of the Englifh Vii^girt
iflands, and the moft northern of them.
Lon. 64 7 w, lat- 18 40 n.
Angela, Sf. a town of Italy, in the
duchy of Urbino, 1 4 nailes sw of Urbino.
Angela f St. a town of Naplet, in
Principata Uiteriore, fix miles nnMIt of
Conza.
Angelas, a city of Mexicb. See
Puelita de los Angelas,
Angerlurg, a town of Pruflia, with a
caftle, feated on the n fide of a lake to
which it gives name, 70 miles se of
Koniglberg. Lon. ai 15 e, lat. 54
8n.
Angermanittf or Angermanlandf a pro»
vince of Sweden, in Nordland, i5«
miles long and from 15 to 80 broad, the
wideft part being to the e on the gulf
of Bothnia. It is mountainous and
woody, and in it are confiderable iron*
works. The chief town is IIernofand<
Aiigcrmundc, a town of Brandenbiirg»
In tile Ucker mark, on the lake Munde^
48 miles NNE of Berlin.
Anga-s, a city of France, capital of
the department of Mayennc and Loir,
and an epifcopal fee. It is feated near
thQ confluence of the Loir with the
Sarte, and is divided by the Mayennb
into two parts ; the weftern, which ex-
tends into a plain, and the ieaftern,
which rifes on the fide of a hill. Its
environs prefent a view of numerous
country houfes, upward of a hundred
vcindmills, and eminences that produce
good white 'wine. The cathedral is an
elegant ftrudlare ; and in it is the tomb
of Rene, king of Sicily. Here is a con>
fiderablc manufailure of handkerchiefs
and canvafs : and the produce of the
flate quarries, at the extremity of the
fubtirb of Breffigny, forms likewife an
important article of commerce. The
caftle, flanked by 18 great round towers,
is iituatc on a rock. It is 50 miles ens
of Nantes, and 1 75 sw of Paris. Lon.
o .33 w, lat. 47 a8 n.
Anghiera, a town of Italy, in the
Milanefe, on the e fide of the lake Mag«
giore, 30 miles nw of Milan.
Anglen, or Aiigrlen^ a fmall country
of Denmark, in the duchy of Slefwick.
Many authors fuppofc'that from the
people of this country the Englilh ori-
f-
l^'
|inated t being called in to afliil the
Sritons againll the invaders from Nor-
way, thrjr in procefs of time became
mafters oi the country, and. gave it the
^ame of England.
Anglesey t an iflnnd, And the moil
(lorthem county of Walos, 44 'miles
long and 18 broad, containing 300,000
acrrs. It fends two members to par-
Vament ; !» divided into fix hundreds,
and 74 pariflies ; and has two market
towns. Tlu* number of inhabitants in
1801 was 33>8o6. It is feparated from
Carnarvonntin; by a, long and narrow
channel called Mciiai, which paiTes
from St. CJc'urge's channel, by Car*
narvon and Bangor, to the Iriih fca.
That part of the ifland which borders
this ftrait is finely wooded, recalling to
the mind its ancient (late, when it was
the celebrated feat of the Druids, whofe
terrific religious rites were performed
in the gloom of the thickefl woods.
Kude mounds and heaps of (lones, faid
to be druidical remains, arc llill to be
ieen : but a little way within, the whole
appertr j a naked tra(it, witliout trees or
hedges, watered by numerous rills,
fertile in grafs and corn, and abounding
in cattle. This ifland produces vaft
JUcintities of copper and fulphur (fep
*arys) and in the nw part is a quarry
of green marble, intermixed with' af«
lieftOs. Beaumaris is thechieftown.
Angola, a kingdom of Africa, in
Congou, bounded on the n by ^ongou
I'roper, e by Mataijiba, s by Benguela,
and yi^ by the Atlantic, ft produces
anaize, beans, oranges, lemons, and
feveral other frujts. The inhabitants
arc very lazy, generally idolators, and
take as many wives as they think fit-
T*\e country is ^^ivided among fevc al
petty princes, and the Portuguefe hive
fcteral fettlcments on. the coaft ; but
the Englifli and Dutch traffic with the
natives, ^oanda is the capital.
Anpra, the ancient Ancyra, a city of
Afiatic Turkey, in Natolia, and a Greek
firchbiniop's fee. The caftle has a
triple inclofure, and the walls are of
whire marble - and flone, rcfembling
porphyry. The inhabitants are com-
puted at 80,000. Here are bred the
lineft goats in the world ; the hair,
being almoft like lilk, is worked into
line ftufls. It ftands in a lofty fituation,
912 miles SB of ConAantinople. Lon.
0» S v., lat. 39 30 N.
Aitgottlcswc, a town of France, capital
of the department of Charente, and the
fee of a billiop. It is leatcd on a nioim-
tain iurruiiiided by rocks. The river
Chiivem? %\\m at th^- foot ofiti and
AN J
there are fome paper manufaAures !a
its environs. It is 50 miles wsw of
Limoges. I^in. o 9 k, lat. 45 39 %i
Angonmois, a late province of Fj-ance,
bounded on the n by Poitou, k by
Limofiu and Marche, .s by Perigord,
and w by Saintonge. It is now in-
cluded in the department of Charente.
^ngrn, the capital of Tercera,-one of
toPrA/ores. It is a biftiop's fee, and
the refidence of the governor of the
Azores. The town is well built, and
populous; and here are royal maga-
zines for all forts of naval ftores. It
ftands on a bay, between two moun-
tains, on the s fide of the illand. Lon.
a? i» w, lat. 38 39 N.
Aiigrngnat a town of Piedmont, on a
river of the fame name, feven miles w
of Pignerol.
AnguiUa, or Stiakt Island, the moft
northerly of the Engliih Leeward iflands
in the W Indies. It is 30 miles long
and three broad, winding fomewhat in
the manner of a fnake, and is 60 miles
NW of St. Chriftopher. Lon. 6z 35 w,
lat. 18 15. M.
Aflguillaba, a town of Italy, in the
patrimony of St. Peter, near the lake
firacciano, 15 miles Nw of Rome.
Atigiisshire, or Forfarshire, a coimty of
Scotland, 45 miles long and 38 broad \
bounded on the n by Aber'deenftiire,
N£ by Kincardine{hire,B by the German
ocean, s by the frith of Tay, and w by
Perthlhire. ^ It is divided mto S3 pa*
riflies, and in 1801 contained 97,147 in-
habitants. It has many lakes and hills,
but is fruitful in corn and paftures.
Marl is found in moft of the lakes, fre«:
ftone abounds in many parts, and there
are feveral limeftone quarries. The
principal rivers are the North and South
Elk. The county-town is Forfar.
AnhuU, a principality of Germany,
in Upper Saxony, 41 miles long and 10
broad ; bounded on the s by Mans-
field, w by Ilalberftadt, E by the
duchy of Saxony, and N by Magdeburg.
It abounds in corn, and is watered by
the Salde and Mulda. Its ancient caftle
is gone to decay. Zt-rbft is the capital.
Anholt, an ifiand of Denmark, in the
Catcpat, furrounded by fand banks fo
dangerous to feamen, that on \i is a
lighthoufe. I,on. 11 .-^5 K, lat. 56 ,38 v.
An'uinc, a town of Francg, in the do-
Sartment of Uerault, 13 miles wnw of
lontpelicr.
Aiijfnga, a town of Ilindooftan, in
Travancorc, which has a trade in pep-
per and calicos. It ftands at the moiitli
of a river, 46 miles wsw of Travan-
corc. Lon. 76 40 >^t lat. 8 40 n.
Ilindooflan, in
la trade in pep-
pclii at the moiitli
JNW of Travaii-
1.840 s.
•ANN
* Ammaltf, a town of Hindooftart, in
the province of Coimbetort, with a
ftjrt. It has a trade in drugs, honey,
»nd wax, cotleded in the hills to the »,
and J8 fcated on the Alima, ai milcB » of
Coimbetore.
Anjou, a late province tof France,
bounded on the n by Maine, w by
Bretagne, s by Poitou, and k by Tou-
vaine. It formerly belonged to the
fovereigni of England. It now forms
the department of Mayenne and Loire.
Aun, St. a town of New Brunfwick,
fituatc on the river St. John, nearly op-
. polite Frederidlown, and 80 miles above
the city of St* John.
Aniiabcrgt a town of Upper Saxony,
in Mifnia, noted for Giver mines and the
inanufadture of lace, 17 miles s of
Chemnitz.
Anna!;fi,'nn ifland on the w.coaftof
Ireland, five miles in circumference,
between the ifle of Achil and the coaft
of the county of Mayo. Lon. 9 39 w,
Jat. 5358N.
Antuitaooka, one of the Friendly
iflands, in the Pacific ocean, difcovered
by Tafman, in 1643, and vifited by
captain Cook in 1774 and i777> It is
well -cultivated in many places, con-
lifting of plantations of yams and plan-
tains, inclofed with neat fences of reed.
The bread-fruit and cocoa>nut trees are
iHterfperfed with little order, but
chiefly near the habitations of the
matives; and the other parts of the
idand, efpedally toward the Tea, are
covered with trees and bufhes. It is
Utuate about 187 e Ion. and «o s,lat.
Annan, a river of Scotland, in Dum-
friesibire. which rifes in the Moffat hills,
and taking afoutherly diredlion, through
a fertile dale to which it gives name,
enters Solway frith, below the town of
Annan.
Annan, a borough of Scotland, in
Dumfriesihirc, feated on the river
Annan, three miles from its mouth,
which forms a good harbour for vefTels
of 250 tons burden. Here was a fine
caftle, built by one of the Bruces, the
ruins of which ftill n;main. Much corn
is exported hence ; and there is a manu-
fadture for carding and fpinning. It is
16 miles ESE of Dumfries, and 80 s of
Edinburg. Lon. 3 8 w, lat. 5 s' a n,
Annuno, a fgrt of Italy, in the duchy
of Milan, feated on the Tenaro, i%
miles s of Cafal.
^«»/flp«/i4, the capital of lyfaryland, in
Ana Arundel county, and one of the
wealthieft cities in the United States.
The ftate-houfe, a noble building, ftands
in the centre^ of the city, from which
AN 8
p6int the ftreets diverge in erery dir«e^'
tion. Here alfo is St. John college^
vrhich, with Wafliington college- at
Chefter, conftitute one unive^fityi named
the Univerfity of Maryland. Annapolis
is fituate on Chefapeak bay, at ti»
mouth of the Severn, 30 miles E by N of
Waihiugton, and 35 s of Baltimore,
Lon. 76 48 w, lat. 39 o N.
Annapolis, a feaport of Nova Scotia*
on the E fide of the bay of Fundy. It
has one of the fineft harbours in thf
world,: but the entrance is through «
difficult' ftrait, called the Gut of Annai>
polls. The town ftands on the s Gde of
the harbour, at the mouth of a river of
its name, 86 miles w by N of HalifaK.
Lon. 64 ss w, lat. 44 so k.
Annecy, 7. town of Savoy, feated on a
lake of its nanne, whence ilTues the
canal of Tbioux, which runs through
the town and then enters the river Sier.
It was lately the fee of a bifliop, who
alfo airumed the title of bifliop and
prince of Geneva. Annecy is the largeft
town in Savoy next to Cnambery» and
is 16 miles s of Geneva. Lon. 6 5 b,
lat. 45 53 N-
Annobon, an ifland near the coaft of
Guinea, fo called becaufe it was dif-
covered by the Portuguefe on New<
year's-day. It is well ftocked with
cattle, and. abounds with palm trees and
fruit. Lon. j 10 e, lat. i 50. s«
Annntimj, a town of. France, in the
depitrtm:nt of Ardeche, with manufac-
tures of very fine paper ; feated at the
confluence of the Cances and Deumei*
13 miles sw of Vienne.
Annol, or Anot, a town of France, in
the department of Lower Alps, fix
miles w of Entreveaux.
Ansanvillers, a town of -France, in
the department of Oifc, five miles sse
of Breteuil.
Anse, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Rhone, 12 miles N of Lyon.
Anspach, or Onohhach, a principality
of Germany, in the s part of the circle of
Franconia. It has iron mines, and fe-
veral medicinal fprings ; and the foil
produces confiderable quantities of
corn, and feeds great numbers of cattle.
Anspachf a city of Franconia, capital
of the jirinoipality ofAnipach, with a
caftle, a palace, and an excellent acade-
my. It has many handfomc buildings ;
and the principal manufudture is lace.
It is feated on the Retzat, 24 milci»
wsw of Nurenberg. Lon. to a8 E,lat.
4918N.
Anslrulher, East and ff'estf ivvo bo-
roughs of Scotland, on the se cuaft of
Fifefliire. They adjoin each other*
. 1
I' j
A "NT
«id Eaft Anftrutticr, which il nttch th«
largcfti is little mbr* than a fiihing vil-
lage* nine miles ssB of St. Andrevr.
uintab, a town of Syria, (ituate on
tvro hills and the valley Ixitween them,
Watered by the Sejour. It is three miles
In circumference* with a ftrong old
caftle on a rock, and hat a confiderable
manufadure of damped calicos. Many
lAedals of the Syrian kings have been
found here, and fome alfo of the kings
t>f Cappadocea. It is 50 miles e of
Ait^xandretta, and 60 N by E of Aleppo,
ton. 37 3"; Kflat. 3635 K.
Antenuera, a town of Spain, in Gra-
tiada, divided into the Upper and the
Lower. The Upper is feated on a hill,
and has a caftle : the Lower ftands in a
fertile plain, and is watered by many
brooks. Here are large quantities of
natural fait, quarries of excellent ftone,
and a fpring famous for the cure of the
Kravek It is xt miles knw of Malaga.
jLon. 4 30 w. lat. 37 i i*.
Antequcra, a town of Mexico. See
Cuaxaca.
Ariiibesf a town of France, in the de-
partment of Var, with a ftrong caftle,
and a harbour for fmall veHels. Its ter-
ritory produces excellent fruit ; and it is
feated on the Mediterranean, 11 miles
6sw of Nice. Lon. 7 7 E,lat. 43 3,j u.
Anticdsli, an ifland at the mouth of
the river St. Lawrence, 90 miles long
and 20 broad. It is full of rocks,
covered with wood, and has no harbour;
but excellent cod is found on the Hiores.
._ Antigua, one of the Engliih Leeward
iflands, in the W Indies, about 30 miles
in length and breadth, and 60 e by s of
St. Chriftopher. It is deftitute of water,
and the inhabitants are obliged to fave
the rain water in ciftems. The chief
produce is fugar, of which it annually
produces 16,000 hogftieads. It was
taken by the French in 1781, but re-
ftored in 1783. The capital is St. John.
Antilles, the name which the French
give to the Caribbce iflands.
Antiock, or Anthakia, a town of
Syria, of which it was formerly the
capital. This ancient city, in which
th« difciples of Chrift were firft called
Chriftians, and yet the fee of a Cireek
patriarch, is now almoft come to no-
thing j but the magnificent ruins of it
ftitl remain. It is ftated on the river
Orontes, now called Ofi, 15 miles from
the Mediterranean, and 50 nw of Alep-
po. Lon. 36 40 E, lat. 36 10 N.
Anliochetta, a town of Afiatic Tur-
key, in Caramania, and a biihop*s fee,
feated on the Mediterranean, 88 miles s
•f Cogni, Jx>n. 33 s6 E| lat. 36 30 n.
AN'f
Sitioen, St. an ifland on th^ aw ^aft
of Jardinia, t4 niiles lonr and 3 broad.
In 1793 it was taken by toe French, but
evacuated foon after.
Atttipuros, the ancient Oleiros, an
ifland of the Archipelago, two miles w
of Paros. It is only a rock, 16 miles in
circuit ; yet, in fome parts, is well cul-
tivated, and produces as much barley
as ferves a fmall village. It has a re-
markable grotto, about 80 yards high
and 100 broad, which contains a vaft
variety of figures, of a white tranfparent
chryftalline fubftance, refembling vega-
tables, marble pillars, and a fuperb ntar-
ble pyramid. Lon. 25 44 e, lat. 37 8 K,
Antiqnia, a town of New Granada,
capital 'of a province famous for its gold
mines. It w feated on the Cauca, aoo
miles NNw of St. Fo de Bogota. Lon.
74 30 w. lat. 6 50 N.
Antivari, a town of Turkifli Dal-
matia, on the gulf of Venice, 10 miles
NwofPolcigno.
Antoine, 67. a town of France, in the
department of Ifere, five miles ne of St.
Marcellan.
Antonio, St. the moft northern of the
Cape Verd iflands, 15 miles from St.
Vincent. It u full of high mountains,
whence proceed ftrcams of excellent
water, which render the land fruitful,
The principal town is feated among the
mountains. Lon. 2$ w, lat. 17 o n.
Antoido, St. a town of 3rafil, in the
province of Ilheos, on a river of the
fame name, near its mouth, 80 miles s
of Ilheos.
Antonio de Capo, St. a town of Brafil,
in the province of Pemambuco, fituate
near Cape St. Auguftin, 30 miles ssw of
Olinda.
Antonio de Seneci, St. a town of New
Mexico, on the w fide of Rio del Norta,
150 miles s by E of St. Fe. Lon. 107
45 w, lat. 34 15 N.
Antonio de Suchilepec, St. a town of
Mexico, in the province of Guatimala,
fituate on a river, near its entrance into
the Pacific ocean, 70 miles w by N of
Giiatimala. Lon. 93 28 w, lat. 14 44 N.
Antrim, a county of Ireland, 46 miles
long and 27 broad ; bounded on the e
and N by the fea, w by Londonderry,
and s by Down. It is divided into 16
pariflies, which include 170,000 inhabi-
tants. This county is much encumbered
with bogs and morafles, though it en-
joys a tolerable air. It has two great
natural curiofities: Lough Neagh, a
large lake, the waters of which are of a
petrifying quality; and the Giant's
Caufeway, confifting of lofty pillars of
ba£Ute»» all of angular ibapesymimthree
s
^ » ^ . n
Iflei to dgSt, Mid csunding thre< mllM
9l^£ the (eifiiort. The lin*n nwnu.
fafture is carried on very extenfitely in
tbit county. It fends five memberi to
parliament. The principal river* are
the 3ann and Lagan. The aflizes are
licld at Carrickfergus,
Antrim, a town of the county of An-
j trim, and now a poor place, but ftill
Saitakes of the lii^fn manufadture. It
ands on a fmatl ftream. which a little
l))clow the town enters the ne end of
|i-ough Neagh, i6 miles w of Carrick-
Mergus.
[ Antrum, a mountain of the Swiis Alps.
[in the Vallais, by which there is a paf-
[fage from the Vallais into the valley of
I Antrona, in the Milanefe.
Antwerp, a city of Brabant, lately a
'• bifhop's fee, and now the capital of the
department of Two Ncthcs. It (lands
on the Scheldt, which is here 400 yards
wide, and lat;ge veflels may come up to
thequay. In 1568 it was the chief mart
of Flemilh commerce, and then con-
tained ao6,o9o inhabitants ; but the civil
warSfCaufedby the tyranny of Philip M,
drove the trade to Amfterdam. It now
contains only 50^000 inhabit».nts, who
carry pn fome commerce, and, a few
flourifliin^ manufa^ures, particularly of
lace and hnen. The cathedral is a fine
ftrudure, and contains an aflemblage of
paintings by the greateit mafters of the
Flemifh fchool ; and there are many
fine paintings in the other churches.
The exchange, once fo thronged, and
i from which fir Thomas Grefliam took
the model of that for London, now
ferves for the accommodation of an
; academy for painting, fculpture, archi-
jtcdiire, and the mathematics. The
I townhoufe, ju the great market-place.
\ is a noble flrudtitre. In the principal
[ftreet is a crucifix of bronze, 33 feet
[high, on a marble pedeftal. This was
Imade from a dcmoliflicd ilatue of the
rcruet duke of Alva, which he himfeif
had fet up in the citadel. The citadel
is edeemedone of theftrongeft fortrefles
of the Low Countries. Antwerp was
taken by the prince of Parma in 1585,
after a long and memorable fiege. It
lias been frequently taken more eafily
fince, the laft time by the French, in
1794. It is 22 mi]e9 n of Bruflels, and
6j !> of Amfterdan;. jLun. 4 3i3 £» lat.
51 13 N.
Anville, or Miller's Tnicn^ a town of
Pennfylvania,inDauphinecounty,fituatc
at the bead of Tulphehocken creek, and
on the canal between the Sufquehanna
and Schuylkill, ii miles ene of Harris
bHrSi «i»d 6j WMW of Pbiladelpbia^
AfU
AnwnUer^ % town of France, in the
departmeht of Mont Tonncre, lately of
Germany, iigi the duchy of Deux Fonts.
It is feated on the Queicb, eight oiiles
W by N of Landau.
^nzarba,^ a town of Afiatie Turkef,
in Caramania, feated in a plain, 35 milei
N£ of Adana.
Anznma, a townof New Grannda, in
the province nf Popayan, where titere
are. mines of gold. It is feated on thit
river Cauca, 140 miles NNg of Popayan.
Lon. 75 45 w,.lat. 4 58 N.
An^iko, a kingdom of Guinea, lying
E of Gabon and n of Congou, but is .
littleknown. ThekingisftyledtheMi*
coco, whence the country is fometimca
fo calk ' .'I^he capital is Monfol.
Ansta, or A^'ttta, a city of Piedmont*
and a bilhop's fee. It contains feveral
monuments of the Romans, and ftands
at the foot of the Pennine and Gree)|c
Alps, on the river Dona, 45 miles nkw
of Turin. Lon. 7 3.s e* lat. 45 41 N.
Aomtct a town of France, in the de*
partment of Drome, on the river Drome^
15 miles sE of Valence.
Apaluchian. See Allcguny.
Apalatchicolaf a nver of N America,
formed by the jundion of the Chata-
houche and Flint, at an old Indian fort
of the fame name on the s confines of
v:^eorgia, and thence flows between W
and E Florida into Apalaches bay, in
the |.*ulf of Mexico, e of Cape Blaize.
Afamea, a town of Syria, on the
river Ofi, 35 miles s of i^ntioclv
Apauomia, a town of the ifland of
Santorin, feated on the nw coaft, feven
miles NNW of Scauro.
Apee, one of the New Hebrides, near
Malicollo, in the Pacific ocean. Lon.
i68 27 E, lat. 16 46 s.
Apennines, a chain of mountains, ill
Europe, which begins near Oneglia, on
the gulf of Genoa, paiTes round that
gulf at no great diftance from thefea,
then proceeds e to the centre of Italy*
and afterward divides that country in %
m«?diate at di region to 'the extremities
of the kingdom, of Naples. Henct
proceed all the rivers which water Italy.
The Apennines are at iirft a branch of
the Alps, but, in general, they may
rather be regarded as hills than as moun-
tains.
Apcnrade, a feaport of Denmark, in,
Slefwick, with a citadel. It is a place
of confiderabk trade, feated at the bot^
tom oFa gulf of the Baltic,i7 milesKNW
of Slefwick.^ Lon. 9 38 |c, lat. S5 ^ >'•
Aphiom KarakissaujAovfn of Afiatic
Turkey, in Natolia, fafiili round a high
tock, on tho top of wbiob isa fortrefi^:
1
if
III
It IB three vnXiet in circumference, and
has a confiderable trade. The chief
manufadure is carpet! ; and the country
aroi^nd produces much opium, called
aphiom by the Turlcs. It ftaudfi on the
Mindra, ISO miles e of Smyrna. Lon.
31 10 E, lat 38 35 Nt
jipice, a town of Naples, in Principato
Citcriore, fcven miles esk of Benevento.
Apolda, a town of Upper Saxony, in
Tburingia. eight miles N of Jena, and
40 sw of Leiplic.
Apptmel, a canton in the ^ e part of
Bwiflerland, bordering on Tytol. It is
divided into twelve communities : fix,
called the interior, are Roman catholics;
and fix exterior, are proteftants.
Appentel, a town of Swiflcrland,
capital of the canton of its name.. It is
large and populous, and fituate on the
river Setter, 40 miles e of Zurich* Lon.
9 31 E, lat. 47 ai N.
Applthyt a borough and the county-
town of Weftmorland, with a market
on {>iturday. It has been twice deftroy-
<ed by the Scots, and it now confiits of
only one broad ftreet of mean houfes.
At the upper end or s part is the caftle,
wd at the lower end is the church. The
tQwn is governed by a mayor, and almoft
encircled by the river Eden. It is so
milea mne of Kendal, and 270 nnw of
London. Lon. a 35 w, lat. 54 35 m .
Appledore, a tallage in Devonfhire,
fituate at the mouth of the Torridge,
in Barnltaple bay, three miles n by e
of ^iddeford. Here the Danes landed)
tinder Hubba» in the time of Alfred.
Apt, a town of France, in the depart-
ment of Mouths of the Rhone. It has
a trade in prunesn coarl'e I'erges, and
wax chandlery i andcoiftains many fine
Roman antiquities. It is feated on the
Calaron, 20 irilcs n of Aix.
ApuTimac, a rapid river of Peru, which
riles 10 miles above Arequipa, and Bows
x about 430 miles; receiving the Pau-
fwrtambo from the e, and the Xauxa
from the w. It then takes the name of
Ucayal^and continuing its couHV 470
miles further* enters the river Amazon,
in lon. 71 46 w.
Aqua Ai'grs, a town of Italy, in the
MafituaUf on the river Cbicfa, la miles
w of Maotua.
Aqui, a town of Piedmont, in Mont«
ferrat, with a citadeU and baths of mi-
neral water; feated on the Bormida, 1$
miles s of Alexandria.
A'luila, a city of Naples, capital of
Abruzzo Ulteriore, and a bllhop's lee,
with ? cidtie. An^arthquake happened
here in 1700, by which 3400 perfons
were killed, it u feated oa a biiUi oear
K ft A
the nHbara, «8 miles w of Ci^'Tti'dt
Chi«ti. and 106 K by W of Naples. Lon.
I3 47»» latM'.IS^-
.i^ytitMa, a town of Italy, in FriuH,-
formerly a lar^e city^ but demoliflicd
by the Huns m 451. It: ancient pa<
triarch was next in power to the popC)
but in the 15th century his pcWcr vfAn
much reJaced. In 1750, the patriarch-
ate WAR entirely ))Kiliihed, »nd the
archbishoprics of Gor/ and Vcline cfla-
bliflied in its ftead. Aquileia, now a
fmall place, is feated near the gulf of
Venice, 15 miles ne of Venice.
AquinOf a town of Naples, in Terra
diLavoro, ruined by emperor Conrad«*.
It is the biithpiiice of Juvenal, and
feated near the Garigliano, lo miles »
by B of Sora.
Aralatf a town and fort of the Cri-
mea, and province of Taurida, on the
borders of the fea of Afoph, 20 miles n
by E of Caffa.
Arabia f a country of Afia, extend*
ing 1430 miles in length, and J3C«
in bn-adth ; bounded on the w by the
Red fea and the ifthmus of Suez, ne by
the Euphrates, which divides it from
Diarbekar* e by the gulfs of Perfia and
Ormus, and s by the Indian ocean. It
is divided into three parts, Arabia Pe-
trea, iDcferta, and Felix, fo na?ned by
Europeans from theirfuppofed qualities.
Arabia Petrea, much the fmalleft of the
three, lies to the s of Syria along the e
coaft of the Red fea. The n part is
mountainous, and in general ftony,
fandy, and barren, but fome parts yield
fuilicient nourilhmcnt for cattle, whofe
milk and camel's flefli is the chief food
of its few inhabitants. Arabia Deferta
lies s of Syria, and e of Arabia Petrea
and the Red fea. It is for the moft
part defert, being interfered by barren
mountains, and many of the plains
nothing but great fands and heaths;
but there are fome plains and vallies
that feed great flocks of iheep and
goats; there are alfo great numbers of
oftriches, and a fine breed of camels in
feveral peaces. Arabia Felix, fo called
on account of its fertility with regard
to the reft, lies to the s of Arabia De«
fcrta, between the Red fea, the Indian
oceaUk and the Perlian gulf. It is by
far the moft confiderable part, and
though the centre is occupied by very
dry deferts, there are many rich pri)-
itinces on tbecoafts, producing a variety
of fruits, honey, wax, cinnamon, caflia,
manna, fpikenard, frankincenfe, myrrh,
and coffee, of which latter prodigious
quaqtities are exported. The Arabs
are of a middle ftature ud brown corny
A K A '
plexlon; and have always a gtare and
meJanchoIy air. They derlte their fub-
fiftence from their flockR, from huntingi
and from what they acquire by phii^dcr.
They acknowledge no fovereign but
the ennirs of their tribes, who are their
natural princes, and to whom they pay
obedience. They have alfo fchieks, or
chiefs of an advanced age, whom they
6ften confult, and whofe advice they
follow. The drcfs of the Arabs confifts
Xjt a white robe, bound round with a
broad leather girdle, faftened hv a
ftrong buckle or large clafp. Tneir
drawers are made of linen, and defcend
to ihc lower part of the leg. They
, wear a kind of rod cap on the head ;
i and fometimes they we^r flippers, after
the manner of the Turks, but are gene-
j rally in half boots that they may be ready
': to get on horfeback. Winter and fum-
mer thty wear a large cloak, ftriped
black and white, made of the hair of
goats or fome other animal. Their
emirs drefs in the fame manner, except
that their cloaks are for the moft jpart
all black. The Arabs in the deferts
live in tents, and remove from place to
place, partly for the fake of pafture,
and partly^ to lie in wait fbr the cara-
vans, which they often rob, as they
travel over from BuiTara to Aleppo^
and from Cairo to Mecca. The famous
Mahomet was a native of this country;
and his followers, foon after his deaths
conqu'ennl a great part of Ada, Afiica,
and Europe, eflablifhing their religion
wherever they came.
Aiacan, or Rfccarty a fertile country
of Afia, bounded on the nw by Chitta-
gong, NE by Caflay, e and se by Bir.^
mah, and sw by the gulf of Bengal,
The rainy feafon continues from April
to Odober; and the reft of the year
h called fummer. The inhabitants are
idokters. The women are tolerably
fair ; but tlie longeft ears are reckoned
the- moft beautiful, and in thefe they
wear many rings. They are a daflardly
race of peoplcj' arid have only courage
to attack defenceless merchants and
boatmen. ' I'here are fuch numbers of
elephants, buffalbs, and tigers, that but
tew places are inhabited, on account of
the ravages made by thefe animals. The
commodities are fait, elephants teeth,
bees waJc, and rice 5 but its trade was
never Very confiderable. Aracan was
long an independent nation, governed
by a king ; but it was fubdued by the
Birmani^in 178J, and is now a province
of that empire.
Aracariy the capital of the country of
tbe fame, nam?, with an exteofivc tort.
Kth
The river Aracan4ruiu through the citr*'
and waters the ftreett by meaai of fe.
veral arms or canals, into which it ia
divided. The inhabitants are about
itf&,ooo. It was taken by the Jtirmans
in 1783. It is 460 miles sss of Ifla.
mabad, and tyi wvw of Ava. Lon.
9 J 10 E, lat 20 ^ H,
Aradf a town of Hungary, with a
ftrong fortrefs, on the river MaroS) «4
miles NNE of Temefwar.
■Aral, a lake of Imtependcnt Tartary,
110 miles E of the Cafpian fea. It is
300 miles in length, and in fume placed
70 in breadth. The ^water is fait, and
there are many fmill iaiinc lakes in the
vicinity.
Arcf/ide de Dmero^ a town of Spain,
in Old Caitik>, on the nver Douero, 4a
miles K of Valladolid.
AranjueZf a town of Spain, in New
Caftile, with broad itreets interfering
each other at right angles. The great
fquare is furrounded by porticos, and
has a fountav) that fupplies the town
with water. Here are three churches,
a royal palace with beautiful gar'>
dens, and a theatre for the bull-fighta.
In the palace, the Supreme Junta 9f
Government of the Kingdom were in*
ftalled, and held their firft meetings
September 25, i8o3; Ai^njucz is feat-
ed on the Tajo, -30 miles s by £ of Mi-
drid. Lon. 3 48 w, lat 40 6 k. '>
Araratf a detached mountain of Per*
fia, r>n the confines of Armenia. It ha*
two funimits; and the higheft is always
covered with fnow.
. Arassij a maritime town of tlie terri-
tory of Genoa, five miles sw of Al.
benga.
Araava, a fortress of Upper Hungary^
on a river of the fame name, 7a milea
Kw of CaHbvia. Lon. 20 o e, lat. 4^
30 N,
Arauy a town of Swiflerland, capital
of the canton of Argau, with mantt-
fadures of cotton, printed linen, and
cutlery. A. treaty between tbe pro-
teUant and catholic cantons was con**
eluded here in 1712. It is.fcated on
the river Aar, 27 miles w of Zurich*
Lou. 7 50 E, lat. 47 15 N. ^ . ■
Aruvacourchi/, a town of Hindoostan^
in the province of Coimbetore, with a
neat fort. It has a bazar of well>built
boufes, and ftands onihe Nunganji, aj
miles E of Daraporam.
ArancOf a foftrefe and town of Chili^
fituate in a fine valley, on a riyerof the
fame name, 40 miles & by- w of Con-
ception. . f
^rarc5,or Arasyja. river of Aiia, which
rifcs ia Osorgia,.flovr& 6& s^crofs <^
/i
w
k~
ARC
metiia, and loini tbe Kur* near iti en*
trance into the Cafpjsn fen-
Atha^ an ifland jo miles in circum-
ference* on the coafl oF Daltnatia, from
v'hich it it five mil«8 diltant. Ttic foil
ii rich, but the inhabitants arr in'lolent<
It bi)8 a town of the fame name* Lon»
i4 55B,lat. 4j 5 N.
Arlergf a town of SwifTerland, In the
canton crBern, on an id and formed by
two branrhes of the Aar. It is lo
Ciiles MW of Bern.
Arbil, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in
Curdiftan, the ancient A.bela, near
which Alexaudtr d;:featod Darius.
Here are the remaina of an ancient
caAle, and in the vicinity .ire naphtha
pit*. It is feated in an extenfivc plain,
36 miles N of Altunkupri, and 50 k
of Moful.
Arboisf a town of France, in the de*
pattnu'nt of Jura, famous for its white
Wines. It io 32 miles sw of Buiancon.
ArbcgUf a town of Sweden, in Wettr
aiania, fated on tfac? Ulviii>n, by which
river, and a canal, it has a communica*
tion with the lakes Hielmar and Maelar.
It U is miles ENE of Orebro.
Arhntiy a town of SwiOerland, on the
lake of Con^nce, 1% miles se of Con*
;ftance.
Arbroath. See Alerlrothwick.
Arburg, a town of Swiflerland, in the
canton of Bern, with a citadel on a
rock, ieated on the Aar, 12 miles e of
Sole lire.
ArcadiOf a town of European Turkey,
in the Morea, near the gulf of its name,
aai miles n of Navarin. Lon. 21 42 e,
lat. 37 '-4 If.
Arceuilf z village of Prance, three
miles s of Paris, remarkable for its
aquiedudt to that city, built in 1624, by
Mary de Medicis.
Archangel^ a feaport of P.uflia, capi-
tal of a government of its name.
It «at the only feaport of Kulfia for
many years, and was firft reforted to
liy the Englifli in 1553. The trade is
yet oonfidffrable, though greatly di-
minifhed Unce the building of Peterf-
buin. In I7P3, a fire deftroyed great
part of the city and fuburbs ; but they
are uow rebuilt with neatnefs. Arch-
angel is feated on the Dwina, four
miles from the White fea, and 400 nk
of Petetiburg. Lon. 38 59 e, lat. 64
AtdiipehgOf a part of the Mediterra-
nean fea, having Romania on the n,
Natolia on the E* the Ifle of Candia on
the s, Macedonia, Lividia, and the Mo-
rea on the w. It it partly in Europe,
and partly in Afia,coQtaioing tlie iflaa^s
of Rhodes, Kegropont, Lemnos, Tene-
dos. SciruR, Mctelin, Scin, Samoa, Pat*
mos, P^ros, Antiparos, Ccri^o, Santg*
rini, Andros, Tina, Kaxin, Milo» Dcloib
Argriitiera, and many others.
ylrcliiiii-iag.'f .^ortHtTii, a part of tho
Pacific ocean, having tlic pcninfula of
Kamtfchatka mi the w, and the coaft
of Amt!rica on the e. It includes a
number of idands, among which are four
principal groups. The firft, called Sa-
fignan, contains five iflands ; the fecond*
called Khna, includes eight iflands; and
both thtfe groups together are ftyled
the Aleutian IHands. The third group
is called the AndreanofTiki Oftrova, and
comprifea 16 iflands. The fourth group
is the Liliie Oftrova, or the Fox Iflands,
16 in number. They all belong to Ruf-
fla, and are valuable chiefly for the flcinf
of animals found there, particularly the
fea otter. See Fox Islands.
Arcis, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Aube, feated on the rivef
Aube, t$ miles N of Troyes.
Arcvy a town and caftle of Germany,
in Tyrol, taken by the French in 1703,
and abandoned foon after. It ftands on
the river Scarca, ij miles wsw of Trent.
ArcoSf a town of Spain, in Andalufia,
feated on a craggy rock, on the river
Cuadaleto, 28 miles ne of Cadiz.
Arctic a city of Hindooftan. capital
of the Carnatic. The citadel is large,
and efteemed a place of fome ftrength ;
but the nabob often refides at Madras.
In the vicinity are feveral celebrated
temples, viilted by numerous pilgrims.
Arcot has a mnnufadturc of coarfe cot-
ton cloth. It is feated on the s bank
of the Paliar, 66 miles w by s of Ma-
dras, and 180 E by N of Seringapataob
Lon. 79 24 E, lat. xt 5x N.
Arddnh, a town of Ireland, in the
cpnnty of Longford, which, united t#
Kilmore, gives name to a bifliopriCf
There is no cathedral, or epifcopal place
of refldence. It is seven tpiles ss oJF
Longford.
Ardihil, a t«wn of Per(ia, in Ader-
beitzan, the refidence and burial-place
of many kings ; particularly of Shiek
Sefli, the author of the Periian feft.
Pilgrims refprt to this place from all
pacts of Periia; and caravans are fre-
quently pafling to and from Conftanti-
nople and Smyrna. It is 35 miles es»
of Tauris. Lon. 4S 40 e, lat. 38 ^o n.
Arieche, a department ^f France, in*
eluding the late territory oif Vivare2.
It takes its name from a river, which
flows into the Rhone, at the s extremity
of tlie department. Privas is the capital.
Arivtf Qr Ath^d^fy a ^9r»V8Jh ^f Itf.
Lemno», T<M-
uo, Samo«> W«
CcrigOi SantO"
:in,Milo,DciQlt
>th»T».
II, a part of tn«
the ppninfuU of
r, and the coaft
. It includrs A
ig which are four .
; firft, called Sa-
nds ; the feoond,
ight iflands ; and
jtther are ftyled
The third group
ITiki Oftrova, and
rhc fourth group
»r the Fox Iflands,
all belong to Ruf-
licBy for the flcmi
E, particularly the
lands.
Tame, in the de-
sated on the river
rroyes.
allle of Germany,
le French in 1703,
ftcr. It ftands on
lies wsw of Trent,
pain.in Andalufia,
ock, on the river
NE of Cadiz,
lindooftan, capital
e citadel is large,
of fome ftrength ;
refides at Madras,
feveral celebrated
umerous pilgrima.
lure of coarfe cot-
ited on the s bank
les vv by s of Ma-
of Seringap^tam.
>f Ireland, m the
, which, united t#
le to a bilhopric,
1, or epifcopal place
iven miles SB of
t Perfia, in Ader-
^e and burial-place
jticularly of Shiek
• the Perliao feft
kis place from all
I caravans <ire fve-
\a from Conftanti-
[it is 35 miles e^»
l40E,*lat. 3? f®**-
lient <4 France, in*
iritory o^ Vivarez.
lom a river, whJch
1 at th<JS. extremity
^rivas is the capital.
„a\»»rfmLh>?nrt.
I A R B^
land, In the county of Loutb. Here u
a laoM mount, apparently artiRciaU
ibme flippofe it to have been a burtal-
plae«'of the Irifti kings \ others, that it
vras • place where the people affembled
ltd deHberate on public affairs. It is 1 4
llbiles WW of Droghcda.
I Ardtnhun^ a town of Flanders, 10
[miles w« oTBrueco.
Ardenntit a department of France,
5ontainlng-part of the late province of
Champagne. It is fo named from a fa-
loui foreft, lying on the river Meufe.
The principal tc vn is Sedan.
Arc(fert, a borough of Ireland, in the
junty of Kerry, and a bilhop's see
Inited with Aghadoe to Limerick. It
Vas formerly the capital of the county,
^ut is now a poor place, with extenfive
ains. It is featcd on a river which
ms into Tralee bay, feven miles nnw
jfTralce. .
Ardmore^ a towA of Ireland, in the
[county of Watcrford, on s c.pc and
[bay or its name^ 10 miles ssw of Dun-
I gar von.
I Ardra^ a fmall kingdom of Guinea,
Ion the Slave coaft at the bottom of the
gulf of St. Thomas. The country is
Ifertile in maize, palm-wine, plants, and
[fruits, wiiich lad all the year; and it
I produces a great deal of fait. It has a
town of the fkme name. Lon. 3 5 e,
llat 6 o V.
Ardres, a town of France, in the de-
I partment of Pas de Calais- On an open
[plain between the town and Guifncs
[was the celebrated interview between
I Francis t of France and Henry viii of
j England, in 15 ao. It is 10 miles ssE of
[Calais.
Arelo, or Arehon, a town of Guinea,
I on the Slave coaft, at the mouth of the
[Formoso. Lon. 5 j b, lat. 6 n.
I Arccu, an ifland in the gulf of Perfia,
three miles sw of Ormus. The Dutch
attempted to eftablifli a fadlory, and
built a fort here, but were cxp;;iitd by
IthePerfians.
Arekea, See Arkiko.
Arenslrrgi the capital of the duchy
[of Weftphali"', and of a county of, its
[name. It is feated on a hill, by the
river Roeis i% miles sse of Ham, and
163 RE of Cologne. Lon. 8 10 e, lat. 51
Arenshurg, a feaport of Ruflia, in the
[jovemment of Riga, capital of the ide
{of Oefcl, and a bilhop's fee. Lon. 25
|4P E, lat. 58 15 N.
I Arenshardf a diftriA in Denmark, in
[the duchy of Sleswick, containing the
jirrcateft part of the famous rampart
] built by King Cotric, in tlie beginning
of the 9th century, ac a defence again A*
the eruptions of the Saxons. Itfxtendr
acrofs the country, about nine ndlea ia
length.
Arcnswaldr, a town of Srandcrrburg,
in the New mark, un the lake 8Uuin»
17 miles SK of New Stargard.
Areqitipa, an epifcopal town of Peru,
founded by Pizarro in 1539. ^^^f it i«
a volcano; and it has been four tllnei.
laid in ruins by earthquakes. It ftkndt
in a fertile country, on the Apurimac*
140 miles 8 of Cufco, and46o SK of Lima*
Lon. js 30 ^» '**• I* 40 "•
ArezTOf a town of Tufcany, in the
Florentino. Guy Aretin, a Benedidlinc
monk, inventor of the mufical notes,
ut, re, &c. was born here; alfo the ce-
lebrated Francis Petrarch. It ftands on
a hill, at the conflux of the Chianna and'
Arno, 1 5 nules w of Citta di Caftelto.
Argttu, a new canton of Swiflbrlandi
lying to the w of that of Zurich. Arau
is the capital.
Argrticrsf a town of Prance, in the'
department of Calvados, on the river
Meaucc, 10 miles e of Caen.
Argentan, a town of France, in the.
department of Orne, which has a con«.
flderable trade in lace. It is feated on'
an eminence, in the middle of a fertile'
plain, on the banks of the Orne, 12 mUes
siw of Seez, and no w of Paris.
ArginteitUt a town of France, on the
river Seine, five miles nw of Paris. It
has a fine vineyard j and in the environs
are quarries of the plafter of Paris.
Argentiera, a barren ifland of the Ar-
chipelago, fo called from, the filver minet
in It. There is but one village, and it
has no water but what is kept in cifterns.
Lon. 23 10 E, lat. 36 50 N.
Argcntiiri'f a town of France, in the
department of Ardeche, five miles »W
of Aubenas, and 17 w of Viviers.
Argcnlotif a town of France, in the
department of Indre, divided into two
parts by the river Crtul'e. It is 3 7 miles
sw of Bourges. Lon. z 38 s, lat. 46
.'5 N.
ArgoSf a feaport of European Tur-
key, in the Morea, 25 miles s of Corinth,
Lon. 23 5 E, lat. 37 30 N. ^
Argoitoli, a town of the ifland of Ce-
falonia, with a fortrefs and the beit hsr-
hour in the ifland. It is eight miles wsw
of Cefalonia. '
Argucilf a town of France, in the de-
partment of Lower Seine, x8 miles m k
of Rouen.
Arj^uin^ an ifland and fort on the coaft
of Zahara, 30 miles ss of Cape Blanco.
It was taken by the Dutch ixom thu
Portuguefe in 1638 ; afterward ' the
^;
trench took it from the Dutch. Low.
s; 5 w»i1at. ao jo n.
^rgii>i,anvtfrof Afu. Stic Saghalicn.
Arguntkoit a town of Siberia, on the
frnntwrs of Eaflern Turkey. There are
minctbf.nivcr and lead near it; and a
^arl (i(hery in the river Argun. It is
70 miles SB of Nerfliinik. Lon. 10 j j6
Bf lat 4S 30 N.
ArgyleJiirCt a county of Scotland,
bounded on the n by Inverncfsflurc, e
by the counties of Perth and Ounibar*
tbtif and s and w by the Atlantic ocean,
by which it is broken into idands and
peninfidas. It i« no miles long from
the mull of Cantyre to ita n e extremity ;
its breadth is very unequal ; about 40
miles where greateft. It is divided into
49 pariihcSt and in 1801 contained
76,850 inhabitants. To the nw is a pe-
ninfula, nearly detached from the reft
of the county: it contains the diflridta
of Ardnamurchan, Morven, Sunart,
and Ardgowar. The peninfulas of
C^aotyre and Cowal are likewife very
large- The chief iflands, attached to
this county, are Mull, Illay, Jura, Tirey,
and Col. The foil of Argylcfliire, m
the high grounds, though little fitted
for cultivation^ affordH excellent pafture.
Sbmd parts are covered with heath,
and others exhibit rugged and bare
rocks. The fides of the hills and lakes
are intcrfpcrfcd with woods; and there
are rich mines of copper, iron, and lead*
The chief town is Inverary.
Arhusen, or Aarhus, a fcaport of Den-
mark, in N Jutland, capital of a diocefe
of the fame name. It is furroundcd by
foreAs full of game, and feated on the
Baltic, at the mouth oftheGuda, 25 miles
s of WibftVg. Lon. 9 50 e, lat. j6 5 n.
Ariano, a town of Naples, in Princi-
patp Ulteriore, 15 miles e by k of Be-
ntvento.
Ar'mnoy a town of Italy, in the Ferra-
refe, on a branch of the Po, ai miles
MEofFerrara.
Ar'icay a feaport of Peru, in the au-
dience of Charcos. It is but badly for-
tified, and has bt?ri much injured by
earthquakes. Here the treafure brought
from Potofi is (hipped; and there are
many farms employed in the cultivation
of Guinea pepper, in "which it has a
great trade. It Is 550 miles »t of Lima.
Lon. 70 15 w, lat. 18 i-j s.
Arienzoy a town of Naples, in Terra
di Laroro, 14 miles ne of Naples.
Arindal, a town of Norway, in the
jgovernntent of Bergen, noted for the
afDdu^ive iron mmes in its vicinity.
It is feated near the iea» xo nulcs nn£
ofChriftiasyPiod.
Arinihof, a town of Franct, in the, dt*
partmentof Jiira,eigbtmiiess«fOn|elet.
Aripo, a town on the w coaft oiCey*
lon, At the month of the river 8«|||uU.
Lon. 80 2$ E, lat. 8 4> n.
Arischy a town and fort of EgypI, on
a gulf of the Mediterranean, to which
it gives name. 1'he French became
maftrrs of it in 1 799 ; but it was retaken
by the Turks and Engliih at tbe end of
the year- Iii^ 1800, the Turks and French
ligncd a convention here, by which the
troops of the latter were to evacuate
Egypt ; but the Engliih admiral refufed
to ratify the capitulation. Ari(ch'ftand3
on thi> conhnes of Arabia and Paleftine,
36 miles sw of Gaza, and lao ME of
Sue7i
ArkansttK. See Alkamas. ^
Aikikoj or Arekca, a feaport of Abyf-
finia, i'. Tigre, on the bay of Mafuah,
five miles se of Mafuah.
Arkioiii, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Wicklow, with a haven for
fmall eraft. It (lands near the mouth
of the Ovo, 13 miles s of Wicklow.
Artfs, a city of France, in the depart,
ment of Mouths of the Rhone, lately an
archiepifcopal fee. The country around
produces good wine, vermilion, manna,
oil, and fruits. There are a great num-
ber of antiquities> of which the amphi-
theatre and obcliik arc the mo(t re.
markable. It is feated on the Rhone.
20 miles SE of Nifmes. Lon.' 4 37 e> |
lat. 43 40 N.
Arlcs/uim, a. town of Franco, in the I
department of Mont Terrible, lately |
of SwilFerland, in the bi(hoprick of Bi-
fel, three miles s of Bafel.
ArleuXf a town of France, in the de-
partment of Nord, eight miles nw of |
Cambray,
Ailurif a town of the Netherlands, in I
Luxemburg, feated on a mountain, 10 1
miles NW of Luxemburg.
Armagh, a county of Ireland, 3a miles I
long and 19 broad; bounded on the e i
by Down, w by Tyrone and Monaghani
N by Lough Neagh, and s by Louth.
It coivtains ao pariihes, and fends three
members to parliament. The foil is
reckoned the richeft in Ireland; butaj
tradt called the Fowes is billy.and bar.
ren, and there are alfo fome coniiderable I
bogs. Some good marble is found ia
this county; and the linen manufadture
flouri(hes in all its branches. It has no I
river of confequence but the Blackwater, |
which feparates it from Tyrone.
Armagh, a city of Ireland, capital of i
the county of its name, and the fee of I
an archbiOiop, who is primate of all I
Ireland. It h»% oae of th« beft Uaea
)f France, in tbedt*
btinile»»«f Omelet,
the w coaft ofceir-
f the river 8m«uU.
41 N.
dfortofEgyplfOn
erranraiit to which
he French became
; but it was retaken
;ngli(h at the end of
ic Turks and French
here, by which the
r were to evacuate
glifti admiral refufed
ation, Arifch'ftands
Arabia and PaleOine,
iza, and i»o mjc of
the bay of Mafuah,
fuah.
of Irelandt in the
fr, with a haven for
inds near the mouth
t;8 s of Wicklow.
ranee, in the depart-
the Rhone, lately an
The country around
e, vermilion, manna,
lere are a great num.
of which the amplii-
It arc the moft re-
[eated on the Rhone,
fmes. Lon." 4 37 ^> I
the Netherlands, in 1
on a mountain, 10
burg,
yoflreland, 3 a miles
bounded on the e
rone and Monaghan,
and s by Louth,
ties, and fends three
ment. The foil is
t in Ireland; butai
wes is billy, and bar*
fo fome confiderable
marble is found ia
le linen manufadlure
ranches. If has no
but the Blackwater,
^rom Tyrone.
)f Ireland, capital of
ame, and the ffe of
o is primate of all
of thf beft liacQ
ARM
varketi In Ulftcr, and many bleachinc
iromd* in >ts vicinity. It it feated
near the river Kalin, 45 n»ll«« »« V
Loa;|ondcrry, and 61 n by w of Dub-
lin. Lon. 7 6 w, lat. 54 10 ».
Amannact a late province of France,
in Ouienne, 5 $ miles long and 40 broad.
It is fertile in corn and wine, and has a
trade in brandy and wool. This pro*
vince, with Gafcony, now forms the de-
partment of Ocrs.
1 Armenia, a large country of Afia,
E.irt in Turkey and part in Pcrfiaj
ounded on the w by the Euphrates, s
[by Diarbek and Curdiftan, k by Schir-
vanj^ and n by Georgia. It is a fine
! country, bein^ watered by fevenal large
! rivers. The inhnbitants are much at-
tachcd to commerce, and undertake
i longjoumeys to carry it on. They are
I chiefly Chrilliann, and have a patriarch
land an archbilhop. £rzcrum is the
I capital.
Armcntiers, a town of France, in the
[department of Nord, feated on the Lis,
I eight miles wn w of Liflf.
Armicrs, a town of France, in the de-
p.irtmcnt of Nord, feated on the Sam-
bre, ao miles s of Mons.
Armiro, a town of European Turkey,
in Macedonia, on the gulf of Velo, 30
miles SE of Larilfa. Lun- 23 2a c, lat-
39 30 N.
Armuyden, a town of Holland, in the
ifland ofWalcheren, now inconfiderable,
tht^ fca having ftopt up the harbour.
The falt-worko are its chief rtfource.
It is three miles e of MiddleUurg.
Aniatf le Due, a town of trance, in
the department of Q6te d'Or, feated
in a valley, near tho river Arroux, 25
miles NW of Baune.
Arncberp, a town of Brandenburg, in
the Old mark, with a ruined caftle on
a hill, on the river Elbe, three miles
from Werben.
Arnedof a feaport of Peru, with a
good harbour, in the Pacific ocean, 25
miles ST of Callao. Lon. 76 53 w, lat.
II 40 s.
Arnkausen, a town of Germany, in
Pomerania, 24 miles e of New Stettin.
Arnhcimf a ttrong town of Holland,
in Gelderland, capital of the quarter or
county of its name. It was formerly
the refidence of the dukes of Gelder-
land, and is feated on the Rhine, eight
miles N of Nimeguen. Lon. 5 54 e, lat.
ja a K.
^ Arm, a river of Tufcany, which rifes
m the Apennines, and palling by Flo-
rence and Pifa, enters the gulf of Ge-
noa, a little below the latter town.
Arniheim, « towa «f Ccnnany, in
the palatinate of the KKine, dglit milet
firomXreutenach.
Armtadt, a town oif Uppt/ Snonj,
in Thuringiiy with a cAftle, « ^''ce*
and three churches} feated on the^Otra*
II miless of ErfUtt. *
Arnsltin, a town of Franconia, fn th«
principality of Wurtzburg, with 9 caf-
tle, feated on the Wcren, nine miles
sw of Schweinfurt.
Arukliaffe, a citv of Perfia, in iegef*
tan, and the capital of a diflri^ to which
it gives name. It is no miles ssw of
Candahar, and aio ese of Zarcng.Xon.
65 ao K, lat. 31 JO N.
Aiolsni, a town of Germany, In the
county of Waldech, near the river Aar,
aj miles sse of Paderborn.
Arona, a town of Italy, in the Mila-
nefe, with a ruined cadle, on the lake
Maggiore, 30 miles ww of Milan.
Aronelies, a town of Portugal, ia
Alenti'jo, with a calllt; on the river
Cam, 16 miles SE of Portalegre.
Arool, a town of Ruffia, in the go-
vernment of Kiof, fi.'.ited on the Occif^
200 miles s of Mofcow. Lon. 36 40 B,'
lat. 51 58 N.
Arpino, a town of Naples, in Terra
di Lavoro, eight miles n of AquinA.
Arquity a town of Italy, in the Pa-
duan, remarkable for the tomb of Pe-
trarch. It is 10 miles s of Padua.
Arquata, a town of the territory of
Genoa, feated on the Scrivia, i5^jnile8
N of Genoa. ' ".
Arijues, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Lower Seine, with an an-
cient caftle. Here Henry iv gained a
complete viftory over the duke of May-
cnne,. general of the league, in 1589.
It Hands on a river of its name, four
miles SE of Dieppe.
Arraciff'e, a feaport of Brafil, in the
province of Pernambuco. It is built oa
a narrow channel, with a caftle ta de-
fend the entrance, and efteeme(|:. the
ftrongcft place in all Brafil. L<^ 36
10 w, lat. 8 ao s. y-
Anagon, a province of Spain, boiind-
ed on the N by the Pyrenees, w by Na-
varre and the Two Caftiles, s by Va-
lencia, and E by Valencia and Catalo-
nia. The country, though abounding
in rivers, is in want of good wateij. It
is fertilie in com, wine, flax, and fruit*
near the rivers, but in other places dry
and fandy. It produces fafiron, and
there are many mines of fait. Sarago^
fa is the capital.
Arrah, a town of Hindooflan, ia Bar
har, 33 mHes w by s of Patna.
Atrattf an ifland of Scotland, in the
frith of Clyde, to tht » of the ifle «f
•V
Bute. It l* of an oval farm*^ so
long and ii, hioadf and coniuti
greateft. part of the county of Bute..
Ridgfit Of rugeed mount^iiis extend
fcroft'ihe ifland, and Goatfell is near
3000 fcet in height. The fouthei^ parts
?'«fent low and cultivated grounds,
he ilimate is healthful, and invalids
, Kfortlilther to drink the whey of goats
milk" Robert Bruce took refuge in
this idandi during the tim: of his great-
^. , eft dtftrefS' Among the rpcks are
* ^5J' found iron-ore, fpar, and great variety
S- of beautiful pebbles. On the coaft are
many wonderful caverns, which often
afford Ihelter to fmugglers. The prin-
cipal place is Lamlam.
Jttas, a fortified city of France, ca-
pital of the department of Pas de Calais,
and an epifcopal fee. It is divided into
two towns, one named the city, which
is the moft ancient; and the other the
town, which is modem. The great
fquare is full of fine buildings, fiirround-
ed with piazzas. It is feated un the
Scarpe, «i miles wnw of Cambray.
i,on. z 46 E, lat. 50 17 X.
Aniegc, a department of France, con-
i talning the late provinces of Couferans
and foix; It is fo named fVom a river,
which fifes in the Pyrenees, and pailing
by Foix and Pamiers, enters the Ga-
ronne, near Toulpiife. Gold duft is
foun^ among itsfands. Foix is the capital.
Aftoe, a finall ifland of Denmark, in
the Baltic, bt^tween the iflands of Funen
and Alfcn. Lon. 10 so e, lat. j 5 10 n.
Arrojo de St. Scrvan, a town of Spain,
in Eftremadura, eight miles s of JNIeri-
da, and 25 " of Badajoy.
JrroOf five iflands in the Indian ocean,
to the » afl'd W of New Guinea, extend-
ing from 5 30 to 7 o s lat. with narrow
' channels between them. The chief
produft is fasQ. During the dry or
wefl^n monioon numerous flocks of
the birds of paradife from New Guinea
rcfid^ in thefc iflands, where great
numbers are killed, dried, and exported
* V> Sanda. The Arroo ifles are confi-
dered as belonging to the Dutch.
ArsuT, a town on the coaft of Syria,
in I^leftine, with a fortrefs, 10 miles n
of Jaffa.
Arta^ a feaport of European Turkey,
in Albaiiia, and a Greek archbiHiop's
fee. It has a confiderable trade in to-
kacco and Ikins, and is featcd on th<>
Afdlias, 70 miles nnw of Xenaato.
lon. ai ao E, lat. 39 z8 ^•J^j^'t'-'"
Artaiif a town of ffly| ^fljP ^|y^Jn
Natolia» on the s corap^jPifne^ea of
Manonra, 76 miles sw of Conftanti>
• Siifle* jAn, aj 4* s^ tet. 39 30 n*
ASC
Arlttkuit a -town of European Tiir«
r, in R<Ni|ania, 48 miles nw of C|illi«
Art«m% a town of Upper Saxot^ in
Thuringia, on the river UnftrutU aj
niilesNNE of Erfurt. ?
Artaisy a late province of France,
bounded on the n and e by Flanders,
and 8 and w by Hainauit, Cambrcfis,
and Picardy. It is now included in the
department of Pas de Calais.
Aruba, an ifland, 15 miles in circum*
ference, near the coaft of Teixa Firina.
Lon. 70 5 w,lat. la xo N.
Arve, a rapid river of Savoy, which
rifes in Faucigny, and watering Srien-
che, CInfe, and Bonneville, joins the
Rhone below Geneva.
Arundel, a borough in SuiTeXf govern,
ed by a mayor, with a market on Wed-
nefday and Saturday. It is featetf on
the fide of a hill, on the river Ann,
and has a venerable Gothic churcbi for- ^
mcrly collegiate. Its caftle, the ancient |
feat of the dukes of Norfolk, ftandson
the hill, and is faid to be a mile in com.
pafs: the polTcflion of this caftle confers
an earldom on the proprietor. /iTIiti
river is navigable for barges; and great
Quantities of timber are fent hcnee fot
tne dock-yards. It is eight miles SB of |
Cbichefter, and 56 ss w of London. Lon.
029 w, lat. .^055 N.
Arwangen, a town and caftle. of Swif.
ferland, in the canton of Bern, on the |
river Aar, la miles E of Soleure.
Arziltaf a feaport of the kingdom of I
Fez, JO niiles ssw of Tangier. Lon. 6 1
3 w, lat. 35 30 N.
Asal'y a town of AbyfTmia, in Danca-
li, on a bay of the Red fea, 36 miles se
of fiailur.
Asaphf St. a city of Wales, in Flint*
fliire, on the riverElway, where it unites i
with the Clwyd. It is a poor place, of
note only for its cathedral, but has a !
market on Saturday. It is 24 miles w
of Chefter, and 205 nw of London. Lon.
3 36 w, lat. 53 II N.
Ascension, a barren ifland, in the At'
lantic ocean, 600 miles n w of St. Helena. I
It has a fafe harbour, at which the £ |
India fliips oftcnltouch, to procure tur^
ties, which are here plentiful and large.
Lon. 13 59 w, lat. 7 57 s.
Aschujfcnlurg, a town of Germany,!
lately in the territory of Mentz, but now
the capital of a principality of the fame
name. Here is a palace, in which
George ri took up his quarters the
night btfore the battle of Dettingcn, in
1743. It was taken by the French in I
1796 and 1800. It is fituate near thi
conflux of the Afcbaff. with the M^uhci |
1 of European Ton
SmilesNWof ^11i«
)f Upper Saxonfl in
! river Unftrutt, 29
t. ■•■:
province of France,
and E by Flanders,
tiainault, Cambreiis,
) now included in the
de Calais.
, 15 miles in ciiicum*
oaft of Teixa Firma.
a 10 N>
ver of Savof, which
and watering Salen*
lonneville, joins the {;|
cva.
igh in SuffeXt govern-
:h a market on Wed-
[ay. It iar fcatecT on
on the river Aran,
J Gothic churchi for-
Its caftle, the ancient
f Norfolk, ftands on
to be a mile in com*
1 of this caftle confers
Se proprietor. I'lii
:or barges ; and sreat j
ler are fent henee fop
[t is eight miles SE of {
ssw of London. Ion.
N.
vn and caftle. of Swlf. I
ton of Bern, on the |
s E of Soleure>
rt of the kingdom of I
of Tangier. Lon- 6 1
' Abyffinia, in Danca-
Red fca, 36 miles se
ty of Wales, in Flint« I
Hway, where it unites
It is a poor place, of j
cathedral, but has a i
ly. It is 34 miles w |
Nw of London. Lon. |
K.
rren ifland, in the At-
lilesNW of St. Helena,
our, at which the £ |
ouch, to procure tur.
re plentiful and large.
7 57"-
a town of Germanyi I
ry of Mentz, but now
incipality of the fame
a palace, in which
ip his quarters the
ittle of Dettingcn, in
en by the French in
t is fituate near thi
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ttojii
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^ HO J. I.. I. \ It'
tvtn
'.!••
A S H "^
^ mBet «SE of Francfort, and 40 wnw
Bf Wibrtxburg. Lon. 9 5 k, lat. 50 o v.
Atcolif a town of Italy, in the mar-
juifkte of Ancona, with two citadels }
leated on a mountain by the river
Tronto, 80 miles ne of Rome. Lon.
1349 E, lat.4» 44 N- ^„ ,
Ascoli Hi Satriano, a town of Naples,
1 Capitanata, feated on a mountain, 70
Biles I of Naples. Lon. 15 jo E, lat. 41
N.
Aster, pr Aseergur, a town and for-
cfi of Hindooftan, in Candc-ith, 20
itiicB NE of Burhanpour.
Ashlorn, a town in Derbyfiiire, with
market on Saturday. It is tamous
|br cheefe, and feated between the
ivers Dove and Compton, 10 miles im.
^f Utoxeter, and 139 nnw of London.
Ashbiirtoti, a boroiieh in Devonfliire,
ifith a market on lucfday for wool
[id yani, and on Saturday for provi-
lons. It is one of the four Rannary
jwns, and has a confiderable manufac-
ire of fcrges. It is feated among hills
Iremarkabfe for tin and copper) near
le river Dart, 19 miles sw of Exeter,
^nd 191 w by s of London. Lon. 3 50
V, lat. 50 30 N.
Ashby dc la Zoitch, a town in Leicef-
erihire, with a market on Saturday.
|t had a caftle with a very high tower,
jme ruins of which are (landing. Here
^e manufoiJtureR of ftockings and bats ;
[id a confiderable trade in malt. A
[inal from the town communicates
trith the Coventry canal. Afhbyis 13
kiles s of Derby, and 115 nnw of
London..
Asl\f'ord, a town in Kent, governed
ly a mayor, with a market on Tucs-
lay. The church is large, and was for-
perly coUegiate- It is ieated .on the
flh, near its connuence with the Stour,
miles sw of Canterbury, and 55 SE
' I<ondon.
AshmnRchiyS. town of Egypt, built on
^e ruins of a city, fuppoftxl to be the
IJcient Hermopolis, on the left bank of
|ie Nile, 140 miles ssw of Cairo. Lon.
7 E, lat. a8 10 N.
Ashnagur, a tovvn of Hindooflan, in
be province of C£bul, feated on the
[ameli, 80 miles n of Attock, and no
of Cabul.
\ Ash/on, a village in Lancalliire, four
liles s of Wigan. It has conlidi?rable
lanufaftures of cotton and hardware.
Asliton under Line, a vill^e in Lan-
jfliire, featt^ on a high bank, which
les from the river Tan'c, feven
lies E of Manchefter. It has a large
lurch, a manufadture of cotton, an
[i« foundry, »;xten five collieries, and a
lal from Manchefter, which is here
A #1
joined by the Huddersfield «id Peak
Toreft canals.
AsktBellt a village in HertfordOliire,
four mileS/ n of Baldock. It wa$ fotx
merly a borough; and near its fino*'
church are the remains of a Roman
camp, which confids of 12 acres of
Kmd, inclofed by a deep ditch. J^axvf
fepulchral urns have been dug lip^in
the neighbourhood. ,
ASIA, one of the four great parts of^
the world; bounded on the n by tlie
Frozen ocean, E by the Pacific oceans
s by the Indian ocean, and w by the
Red fea, the Mediterranean', the Black
fea, the Don, the Volga, the Ural
mountains, and the river Cara. It ex*
tends 6,050 miles from the Dardenelles
on the w, to the ii (hore of Tdrtary ;
and 5,380 miles from the moll fouthenv ^
part of Malacca to the moft northern
cape of Nova Zembla ; being fuperior
in extent, as well as in many otlier re-
fpe^s, to Africa and Europe- This
quarter of the globe has been the fcene
of the moft important tranfaAions re-
fpedting the human race; as the cre-
ation of man, the eftablifiimcnt of the
Hebrew nation and religion, the pro-
mulgation of Chriftianity, &c. In early-
times, this vaft extent of territory wa»
fucceffively governed by the AOyrians,
Medes, Perfians, and Greeks ; but the
regions of India and China were little
known to .'Alexander, or the conquerors
of the ancient world. On the"decline
of thefc empires, great part ©f Afia
fubmitted to the Romans; and after-
ward, in the middle ages, the Sarace![i8
founded in Afia, Africa, and Europe, a
more extenfive empire than that of the
Roman when in its height of power.
The Saracen greatnefs ended with the
death of Tamerlane, and the Turks,
conquerors on every fide, took poflef-
fion of the middle regions of Afia,
which they Aill eiijo)r. The principal
countries in this contiment are Sibeiia,
Tartary, China, Tibet, Hindooftan,
Perfia, Arabia, and Turkey. The va-
rious particulars of government, re-
ligion, foil, climate, and produdions,
may be found under the names of the
rel'pedive countries.
Asiago, a town of Italy, in Vicentino,
20 miles N of Vicenza.
Asiciiifc, or AsicntOf a country of
Africa, north of the Gold coaft. The ca-
pital is of the fame name. Lon. o 10 b^
lat. 8 10 N.
AsiuarUf an ifland in the Mediter-
ranean, on the Nw coaft of Sardinia, 17
miles K by w of Safari. Jl is ^V ^^^9
in compafa, fertile and populgps*
8 24 E, lat. 41 o |r. )'^
«
-»r!''S
'^muku
'mi0^'
■'■'Aft^llh^itfiM- ■•
mit^^^^'^ii^^mm'y'' ■ . -^mp. ■fmns, .^umtm^^
'•'mm'
•Xnimid
•/uJuktt
l.VS!*'*"
T/ .4 R _
IK'' ' ' ^
4.
■iff-,
•Mm
■' v. "Ji'
ASS
Jtslceyhn, a borough of Ireland, in
the county of Limerick, noted for its
calUe,ana fur one of the tnoft perfe<fl
abbeys in the country. It is 'eattd on
the Deel, near its confliienc ■ with the
Shannon, ao vnihs wfv." wll'merick.
.Askri^, a town in N Yorkfhlre, with
a market on Thurfday ; feated near the
Eure, i8 miles wsw of Richmond* and
A46 N of London-
jisiia. See Esne.
Asninas, a town of France, in the
»* , department of Upper Vienne, lo miles
u w of Bellac
Asola, a town of Italy, in Brefciano>
20 miles !<£ of Brefcia.
Asolof a town of Italy, in Trevifano,
ivith a fpacious citadel on a hill. It is
furrounded by walls, and fittnte near
^the Mufbne, xj miles nw of Trevifo.
Asoph, a fca, ancien'ly the Palus
Ms^otis, lying n of the Black fea, with
which it communicates by the ftrait of
Caffa, the ancient Cimmerian Bof-
phorus. This fea, whicli is fometimes
called the fta of Zabak, extends 240
miles from sw to ne.
Aso])h, a diftrid of the Rufllan em-
pire, in the province of Catharinenflaf,
including a large traft of territory to
the E and w of thetown of Afoph. It
was ceded by the Turks in 1774, and
after that period, feveral new towns
■were built by Catharine 1 1 ; one of
which, Catharinenflaf, is now the ca-
pital.
Anopk, a town of Ruflia, lately the
capital of the diftrift of the fame name,
feated on the Don, near its entrance
into the fea of Afoph. It has been fe-
veral times taken by the Turks and
Ruflians. It is not of the importance
it was* in the reign of Peter the great ;
the river being now so choked with
fand as fcarcely to admit the fmalleft
veflcl. Lon. 38 3* e, lat. 46 58 n.
Aspereti, a town of Holland, famous
for a long fiege which it held out
againft the Geldrians in 1517. It is
feated on the Linghe, 13 miles s of
Utrecht, and a» E of Rotterdam.
I Assam, a country of Alia, bounded
•n the w by Bengal and Bootan, n by
Tibet, and sf. and s by Mcckley. The
river Burrampooter divides it into two
provinces ; the northern, which is the
moft fertile, being called Uttercul,
and the fouthern Dachincut. Among
the products are many kinds of valu-
able fruits, with filk, mufk, pepper,
. cocoa nuts, fugar, and ginger. The
open parts are marked with population
and tiUagc; the woods abound with
eleplnnts.; The mountains are inha-
bited by afavage tribe called Nanacs,
AST
who go naked, and eat dogs, eata, tgScet
locufts, and any thing they can Bnd.
The other inhabitants of Ajranl<-'are
bafe and unprincipled, have nO|||bced
religion, nor any rule but their inolina-
tion. They eat all flelh except human,
and even animals that die a natural
death. They are enterprifin^ favage,
virididlive, and fond of war. 'riiey have
neither horfes, aflVs, nor camels; but
they are fometimes brought thfcre from
other countries. AlFes they are fond
o;, but are fo much afraid of a horfc,
that one trooper would put a hundred
of them to flight. The inveintion of
gimpowder is afcribed to the Aflamofe.
It v?as known in China and Hindooftan
in very remote antiquity; and i(i the
code of Gentoo laws there is a prdbibi-
tion of the ufe of fire-arms, but what
thcfe fire-arms were is not diflindly
known. Ghergong is the capital.
Axsancale, a toA^n of Turk'fti Ar-
menia, which has hot baths much fre-
quented. It is feated on the Ares, jj
miles E of Erzerum.
Assarpour, a town of Hindooftan, in
the country of Cutch, at the moft
eaftern mouth of the Indus, 38 miles w j
of Boogebooge.
Asseergnr, a ftrong hill fort of Hin« I
dooftan, in Candeifh. In the War with
the Mahrattas, in 1803, it furrenderedl
to the Britifli. It is 20 miles ne of|
Burhanpour.
Asscrif a town of Holland, in Oferyf-I
fel, 12 miles s of Groningen, and zi
N N w of Coevorden . I
Assenheivi, a town of Germany, in I
the circle of Upper Rhine, at the con. I
flux of the Wetter with the Nidda, 11
miles NE of Frankfort. I
Asscns, a fe.iport of Denmark, in the!
ifland of Funen. It is the commonl
pafTage from the duchy of Slefwick tol
Copenhagen, and is 17 miles sw ofl
Odenlee. Lon. 10 a e, lat. 55 17 n- |
Assist, a town of Italy, in the duchjl
of Spoleto, with a magnificent church,!
22 miles NW of Spoleto. [
Assos, a feaport of Afiatic Turkey, inl
Natolia, on a bay of he Archipelago,!
12 miles sE of Troas. Lon. 26 36i,\
lat. 39 .12N.
Assumplion, an epifcopal city, capitalj
of a province on Paraguay. It ftandil
in a fertile country, on the river Paia-f
guay. Lon. s? 40 w, lat. 26 o s, I
Astahat, a town of Perfian Armenia,!
three miles from the river Aras, and 3»l
S£ of Nakfivan. I
Asiara, a town of Perfia, in Ghllan,!
on a river of the fame name, near itij
entrance into the Cafpian fea. Lon. }o|
40 E, lat. 38 30 N.
at dogs, eatfl, i^ce,
ing they can find,
ints of AiTartfk-are
led, bave noqjjbed
le but their inqina-
flelh excep* htiman,
that die a natural
interprifing, favage,
of war. They have
8, nor camels; hut
brought thtre from
urea they are fond
:h afraid of a horfc,
ould put a hundred
The inventian of
[jcd to the Aflanaefe.
hina and Hindooftan
itiquity; and in the
vs there is a prohibi-
fire-arms, but what
»re is not diftindlly
g is the capital,
iwn of Turk'fti Ar-
hot baths much fre-
ated on the Arcs, 2J
wn of Hindooftan, m
Cutch, at the moft
[he Indus, 38 miles w j
ong hill fort of Hin.
ifh. In the -iVar with
1803, it furrendered
t is 20 miles ne of
jf Holland, in Overyf-
[f Groningen, and »i
;n. . I
^wn of Germany, in|
kr Rhine, at the con.
LT with the Nidda, u\
tfort. . ,
kof Denmark, m the I
It is the common I
duchy of Slefwicktol
is 17 miles sw of
[oa E,lat.55 i?/-
)f Italy, in the duchy
magnificent church,|
joleto.
; of Afiatic Turkey, ml
of he Archipelago,|
[roas. Lon. i6 36 h
lepifcopal city, capital!
Paraguay. It ftandil
k, on the river Pava-I
, w, lat. 260 s. I
of Perfian Armenia!
[he river Aras, and 3»l
of Perfia, in GhilanA
fame name, near itil
:afpianfea. Lon.jo|
ATA
Asteralad, or Estrraiad, a town of
Perfla, capital of a country of its name,
at the SE part of the Cafpian fea. It
(lands at the mouth of a river, which
iforntw a bay convenient for trade, no
I miles E of Ferabad. Lon. 54 5* e»
jlat. 37 16 ^- . ,* e
' Asti, a cit^of Piedmont, capital of
ithe department of Tanr.rr with a
pitadel. Befide the cat'iedra!, it con-
tains upward of thirty other churches.
It is fcated on the Tanaro, 24 miles E
jf Turin. Lon. 8 17 e, ?.at. 44 5^ ^:
Astorga, an epifcopal town of Spain,
Leon, well fortifi< d by art and na-
ture. It is feated in a plain, on the
HverTueria, 25 milee sw of Leon. Lon.
Ij 3i w, lat. 42 ai K.
j Js/raktd, a town of Perfia, in Chora-
Ifan, on the borders of Balk, 70 miles
: E.vE of Herat.
Jsfracan, the principal city of Afiatic
Ruflia, capital of a province of the fame
name, and an archbifhop's fee. It has
a good harbour, is furroundod by walls,
and on the w has a triangular fortreis.
Here are 15 Ruffian churches and two
convents; the Armenians, Lutherans,
.-ind papifts have their places of wor-
ship; and the Hindoos have been per-
mitted to eix& a temple. The houfes
are in general of wood ; and the inha-
bitants are eftimated at 70,000. It
feldom rains here •, but the river Volga,
on which it ftands, overflows like the
Mle,.and when the water isrUn off, the
grafs grows in lefs than a month. Here
are feveral large vineyards, irom which
fome wine is made for home confump-
tion; alfo manufaftmes of gunpowder
and nitre ; and on the fide of the Caf-
pian fea, are long marfhes. which pro-
duce a vaft quantity of fait. This city
has an inland communication by water
with Mofcow and Pctei-flburg, and it is
the chief feat of the Cafpian commerce.
It is feated on an illand formed by the
river, 50 miles trom the Cafpian fea, and
770 SE of Mofcov,'. Lon. 47 36 e, lat.
46 22 N.
Adurias, a province of Spain, 120
miles long and 45 broad ; b'umded on
the E by Bifcay, s by Old Caftilt* and
Leon, w by Galicia, and n by the At-
lantic. It is divided into two parts,
Afturias d'Oviedo and Afturias de San-
tillana ; fo named from their chief towns.
This province is full of mountains and
forefts; its wine and horfes are excel-
lent, and it has mines of gold, lapis
lazuli, and vermilion. The eldeft fon
of the king of Spain is ftyled prince of
Afturias.
AtacamUf a feaport and province of
ATH
Pero. The province has s great defert
of the fame name, and feparates Peru
from Chili. The town is renrarkabl*
for the filh called Tollo, with wh'ch it
carries on a great trade with the inlaniT'
provinces. It is aio miles s by E of
Arica. Iahi. 69 30 w, lat. at 20 s.
Atuluiia, a town of Portugal, in Eftre*'
madura, with a fort on an eminencey
five milvs s of Tomar. >
Alcnoy a town of Naples, In Prin^
cipato Citeriorc, near the river Negro^
33 miles N of Policaftro.
Atli, a fortified town of the Nether*-
lands, in Hainault. It has been often
taken, and is feated on the Dender, i%
riiiles Nw of Mons.
Athal'oli, a town of European Tupi
key, in Romania, on the cuaft of the
Black fea, 70 miles ne of Adrianoplei.
Athdnefi, an iflaud in Somerfetfhire,
at the confluence of the Thone and
Parret, memorable for having afforded
fhelter to king Alfred. Here he col-
le(ited fome of his retainers ; on which
account he called, it JSthelingay, or
the ifio of Nobles; and hence he made
frequent failies upon the Danes.
Athcnsf or Alini, a once celebrated
city, the capital of ancient Attica, but
now of Livadia, in European Turkey.
After many revolutions, the Turks
finally wrefted it from the Venetians.
Tnree fourths of the inhabitants are of
the Greek church ; the remainder
Turks. The chief iarticles of trade are
filk, wax, wool, and oil. It is the fee
of an archbilhop, and defended by a
citadel on the summit of a lofty rock.
There are magnificent ruins, which tef-
tify its former grandeur. It is fituate
on the gulf of Engia, 60, miles e of
Corinth. Lon 23 52 e, lat. 38 5 -K.
Atfteisfon, a town in Warwickfhire»
with a market on Tuefday, and manu-
fatflures of hate, ribands, and Ihalloons.
Richard iii held a council with hia
nobles here, the night before the' battle
of Bofworth. It is feated near the
Anker, 10 miles N of Coventry, and
104 NW of London.
Allilonc, a borough of Ireland, partly
in the county of W Meath, and partly
in Rofcommon. It ftands on the Shan-
non, over which is a long bridge that is
the grand pafs between the provinces
of Leinfter and Connaught- It is 60
miles vv of Dublin. Lon. 7 41 w, lat._
53 a2 N.
Atlios, or Monte Santo, a high moun*
tain of Greece, in Macedonia, on apenin-
fula at the entrance of the gulf of Con-
tclFa. It is inhabited by Greek monks*
who have feren fortified opkonafteriesiand..
,/r-
ATT
OuHiMte olives and vines. It U 70
miles B of Salonicht. Lon. 16 ao e» lat.
«o 30 M.
Athyt % borough of Ireland» in the
county of Kildare, at which the afllzes
are held alternately virith Naas. It is
feated on the river Barrow, xi milus s
of Kildare*
Attentat & town of Spain, in Old
Caftile, with an ancient caitle, fituate
among mountains, 34 miles ssw of
$oria-
Atlantic^ or Atlantic Or-an, tal^es its
name from mc t Ai\9' ' Afnca, and
lies between the v ^or. ■ luts of Africa
and Europe, atil \h: rontinent of
America. Its loai>
.iifv,n.-
hom Gui-
. nea in Africa to Bi ' . o i>mMca, is
' 5300 miles. On one iide of ■ qua
tor, it is called the North AtL.ntic
Ocean; and on the other, the South
Atlantic Ocean.
Atlas, a chain of high mountains in
Africa, feparating Barbary from Bile-
dulgcrid, and extending f. from the
coaft of the Atlantic to the border of
Egypt, upward of »coo miles. Another
chain, called the Little Atlas, extends
from the ftrait of Gibraltar to Bona in
the ftate of Algiers. Thcfe mountains
have different names, according to the
various countries they pafs through,
and the plains and vallies by which they
are interfered. They are inhabited
almoft in every place, except where the
extreme cold will not permit.
Atlisco, a town of Mexico, in TIafcala,
.teated in an extenfive plain of its name,
ao miles wsw of Piicbla de los An-
gelos.
Atooif one of the Sandwich idands,
in the Pacific ocean. It is 30 miles
long,, aud contains a great portion of
gently rifing land. On the sw fide is a
good road and anchoriiig-place, called
Wymoa, Lon. 159 40 w, lat. 21
Atn, a town of Naples, in Ahruzzo
Ulterfore, on a craggy mountain, four
miles from the gulf of Venice, and 10
SE of Ti'ramo.
Atlldurouirhf a town in Norfolk,
with a market on Tuefday, 14 miles
NE of Thetford and 93 of London.
Attack, a city and foitrefs of Hin-
dooftan, in the province of Lahore It
ftands on the e bank of the Indus; on
the fite of the Taxiia of Alexander,
'where he croflcd that river, iXo miles
iVNW of Lahore. Lon. jo 36 e, lat, ^3
Attock,^ a river which rifes in the
Tailarian mountains, N of Hindooftan,
aad palling by Cabul, flows into the
AUB
InduSf nearly oppofite the city of At*
lock.
Aitore, a (Irong town of UindooAan,
in the Caniatic, 60 miles K of Trilehi*
nopoly, and 80 wsw of Pondicherry.
Ava, a country of Afiat now gene«
rally called Birmah.
Acot a large city, formerly t^ me-
tropolis of the Birman empire^^ It is
divided into an upper and lower city,
both of which are fortified ; the lower
is the mo(l extenfive, about four miles
in circumference, protected by a lofty
wall, now mouldenng to decay. The
materials of the houfes, confiding chiefly
of wood, wiire removed about the year
1783 to the new city; and its numerous
temples, on which the Birmnns never
lay facrilegious hands, are dilapidating
by time. Clumps of bamboos, a few
plantain trees, and tall thorns, occupy
moft of the area of this lately flourifh>
ing capital- It is fituate on the s fide
of the Irrawaddy. four miles sw of
Umrnerapoora, the prefent capital.
Avalon, a town of France, in the
department of Yonne, which has a
great trade in grain, wine, and cattle,
and a manufacture of cloth. It is Aat-
ed on the Coufin, 24 miles sse of Aux>
erre.
Aul, a town of Germany, in the prin<
cipality of Wurtzburg, on the river
GoUach, XI miles se of Wurtzbiirg.
Aulifji department of France, con-
taining part of the late province of
Champagne. It takes its name from a
river, which, paflingby Bar fur Aube
and Arcis, joins the Seine, above No-
gent. Troycs is the capital.
Aiilems, a town of France, in the
department of Ardeche, with manufac-
tures of woollen cloths and red cotton;
feated on the Ardt^che, at the foot of
the Cevennes, 15 miles nw of Viviers.
Aidnitun, a town of France, in the
department of Ailnc, 14 miles E of Ver-
vins.
Anhicrcn, a town of France, in the
<lepartment of Puy de Dome, three
miles SE of Clermont.
Atit'ignij, a town of France, in the
department of Cher, with a callle;
feated in a fine plain, on the river
Nerre, 23 miles n of Bourges.
ylul-iiiy St. a town of the ifland of
Jerfcy, with a fort, (landing on a bay of
the fame name, opening to the s. See
at. Helm.
Aul'onne, a town in Swifll-rland, in
the canton of Bern, on a river of its
name, 10 miles w of Laufanne.
Auburn, a town in Wiltlhire, with a
nurJivt on Tuulilay ; ft^ted on a branch
/'
U B
Qte the city of At<
own of UindooAant
miles N of Tritehi*
N of Pondicherry.
of Alia, now giene-
•
y, formerly Vfic me-
rman empire. It is
per and lower city,
fortified ; the lower
ive, about four miles
protcfted by a lofty
ing to dvcay. The
ifcs, confiding chjieRy
loved about the year
Ly ; and its numerous
1 the Birmans never
nds, are dilapidating
of bamboos, a few
I tall thorns, occupy
if this lately flourifti-
fituate on the s fide
s four miles sw of
e prefent capital.
II of France, in the
^onue, which has a
tin, wine, and cattle,
: of cloth. Itisfeat-
24 miles ssE of Aux-
Germany, in the prin-
zburg, on the river
SE of Wurtzbiirg.
nent of France, con-
the late province of
akes its name from a
ngby Bar fur Aub»
he Seine, above No-
he capital.
■n of France, in the
ieche, with manufac-
oths and red cotton ;
eche, at the foot of
ilcs Nw of Viviers.
■n of France, in the
c, 14 miles e ofVer-
In of France, in the
Ijy de Dome, three
Int.
of France, in the
i(!r, with a caftle;
(plain, on the river
]>f Bourges.
rn of the idand of
I (landing on a bay of
L'ning to the s. See
in Svtifft'riand, in
II, on a river of its
if Laufanne.
lin Wiltlhire, with a
1; fcated on a branch
' AVE
of the Kennet, eight miles nf. of Marl-
I borough, and 8 1 w of London.
Auhusson, a town of France, in the
: deiMrtmcnt of Creufe, with a manufac-
ture of tapeftry; feated on the nver
( Creufe, 37 miles ne of Limoges.
Jufuiiiirclt the capital of the king-
dom of Adel, feated on an eminence
tnear the river Hawaftj. Lon. 44 25 b,
at. 8 s6 N.
Aur/i, a city of France, capital of the
lepartmrnt of (iers; lately an archic-
jifcopal lee, and the capital of Oaf-
cony. The cathedral is one of the
Snelt in France. Here are manufatflures
ai velvet, ferges, crapes, hats, and lea-
ther. It is feated by the fummit and
fide of a hill, on the river Gcrs, 37
[miles w of Touloufc. Lon. o 35 e, lat.
14.1 .S9 N.
' Aitcliland, Bislwp, a town in the
bifhopric of Durham, with a market on
I'huri'day. It has a beautiful caftle,
and a chapel, whofe architecture is very
curious. Here are manufadlures of
cotton and muflin. It is feated by the
fide of a hill, on the river Wear, eight
miles s by w of Durham, and 249 nn w
of London.
Aude, a department of France, con-
taining part of the late province of Lan-
guedoc. It receives its name from a
river, which rifes in the Pyrenees, and
flowing by QuUlan, Limeux, and Car-
cafTone, enters the Mediterranean, near
Narbone. CarcalTone is the capital.
Aitdierne, a town of France, in the
department of Finifterre, feated on
the bay of Bifcay, 18 miles w of Quim-
per.
Aveirof a town of Portugal, in Beira,
with a good harbour for veflels of a mo-
derate fize. The chief trade is in fait, of
which great quantities are made in its
vicinity. It Hands on a fmall gulf, at
the mouth of the Vouga, 33 miles s of
Oporto. Lon. 8 30 w, lat. 40 40 n.
Arciron, a department of France, in-
cluding the latt; province of Routrgue.
It is named from a river, which rifes
near Severac le Chateau, and, flowing
by Rodez and Viliefranche, joins the
Garonne, below Montajban. The ca-
pital is Rodez.
Avelldj a town of Naples, in Teira di
Lavoro, celebrated for its honey and
apples, 15 miles ne of Naples.
Avellhw, a town of Naples, in Prin-
cipato Ulteriore. It was almoft ruined
by an earthquake in 1694, and again in
1805. Near it is the celebrated convent
of Monte Virgine, on a wild mountain,
which formerly had a fumptuous temple
vf Cybelc* AvelUno is famous for the
AU«
die of clotk, alfo for nuti Hud iaac»*
roni. It is 25 miles e of Naples.
Jvttif a river of Scotland, in Banff,
fhtrr, which iflfues from a fmall lake at
the foot of Cairngorm mountain, and
after a ripid couru; of ao miles, centers
the Spey on the confines of Murray-
{hire.
Avmat/f a town of France, in the
department of Marne, qn the river
Marne, 15 njiles wnw of Chalons fur
Marne.
Aocnchc, a town of SwilFerland, ia
the canton of Bern, formerly the ca-
pital of Helvetia, but now greatly de-
cayed, grain and tobacco being grown
on the fite of part of the ancient city.
It fiands at the s end of the lake MoraU,
15 miles w of Bern.
Avtrbarli, a town of Uppei' Saxonr,
in Voigtland, near which is a rock f/
mous for pale topazes. It is 14 mile, fl
of Zwickau.
Averno, a lake of Naples, in Terra di
La^oro, 600 yards in diameter, near
Puzzoli. Virgil and others have 'i
the water was fo bad, that birds u. ;
dead when flying over it, and hence
they call it the lake of hell ; but it now
has no fuch poifonous quality, for birds
fwim upon it. A little to the w of the
lake is a cave, where fume pretend they
went formerly to confult the Cumaeao
fybil. There are alfo fome old walls,
which fome fuppofe to be the ruins of a
temple of Apollo, and others of Pluto.
AtwrsOf a town of Naples, in Terra
di Lavoro. In 1805 it fuffered greatly
by an earthquake. . It is feated in a
fine plain, 10 miles ne of Naples.
^ Ai'cri/sboroug/if a town of N Caro-
lina, fituate on Cape Fear river, 35
miles N of Fayetteville, and 30 sw of
Ralegh.
Arcs, or the iflands of Birds, fo call-
ed from the great number of birds that
frequent them, though they have not a
tree. They are 70 miles E of Curacao,
and 100 N of tlie coaft of Terra Firma.
AiiesueSf a ftrong town of France, in
the department of Nord, feated on tlic
Hefper, 45 miles e of Cambray.
Avestadl, a town of Sweden, in Weft-
mania, noted for its copper-works, and
a mint for copper money, 35 miles nnw
of Wefteros.
Ai'fzzano, a town of Naples, in
Abruzzo Ulteriore, 18 miles s of Aquila.
Aiigila, a territory of Zahara, lying
to tiie s of Barca, between Fezzan and
Fgypt. It abounds in dates 5 and many
of the inhabitants engage in the caravan
trade. The capital is of the fame name^
aao miles w of Siwab^ and 540 £ by 9
AVI
•f Mour:2&u1c. Lon. ij 40 s, lat. S9
33 »»•
Aunshurg, 3 city of Suabi?, lately
imperial, and a bimop's fee, but now
the capital of a principality fuhjedl to
Bavaria. It is a iare^c fortified place,
ha8 a variety of manufactures, and is
one of the principal trading towns
in Germany. The cathedral, town-
houfe, and oiher public buildings, are
tnagniAtcnt. In the bifliop's palace*
the Lutherans prefented their ronftf-
fion of faith to emperor Charl'-s v, in
i?5<5, hence called the Cunfeifion of
Auglburg. It was taken by the French
In 1703, and ngain in 179^'. It is feated
between the Werdach and Lech, 30
Sliles Nw of Munich. Lon. 10 55 e, lat.
48 17 N.
Augusta, a town of the ftate of Geor-
gia, in Richmond county, lately the
capital of the ftate. It his the advan-
tage of a central fituition between the
unper and lower countries ; and is
feated in a fine plain, on the fw bank
of the Sivanna, 5; miles nne of Louif-
ville, and 127 NiJw ol" Savanna. Lon.
81 -;5 w, lat. 33 ao N.
Aiic^ustin, St. the chief town of E
Florida, fituate .it the foot of a hill, on
the E coaft, which is too fhallow to be
approached by veflels that draw more
than twelve feet water. It is defended
by a ftrong caftlc. Lon. 8i 50 w, lat.
«9 56 N.
Au^mtin, St. a cape on the coaft of
Brafil, 300 miles n e of the bay of All
Saints. Lon. 35 40 w, lat. 8 30 s.
A>igHstdw,a. town of Polandi in Pola-
chia, feated on the Narieu, 44 miles n
of BieliJk.
Augustus, Fort, a fortrefs of Scot-
land, ip Invemefsfliire, at the influx of
the Oich into the s extremity of Loch
Kefs, 34 miles ssw of Invernefs.
Aiigustusbtirg. See Sc/iellrn' ng.
Aviano, a town of Italy, in i* rinli, a8
miles w of Udina.
Auigliano, a fortified town of Pied-
ntont, on a hill, near the Cottian Alps,
lo miles w of Turin.
Avignon, a city of France, capital of
the department of Vauclufe, and a
bifliop's fee. It was lately di^pendent
on the pope, .nnd an archbifliop's fee.
It has a univcrfity, feveral handfomc
churches, and a fynagogue; and is feat-
ed on the Rhone, ao miles ene of
Kifmes. Lon. 4 48 e, lat. 43 57 n.
Avila, a town of Spain, in Old Caf-
tile, and a bilhop's fee, with a univer-
fity, and a manufacture of fine cloth.
It 18 feated on the Adaga, in a large
pl^, forroimded by tnountains covered
' U R
with fruit>trees and vineyards, 5& milei
NW of Madrid. Lon. 455 w, lat. 40
46 N.
At'i/fs, a town of Spain, in Afturlai,
near the bay of Bifcay, 16 miles N of
Oviedo.
Alii, a town of Portugal, in Alen-
tejo, feated on an eminence, with a
caftje, near the river Avis. Hence the
military order of the knights of Avis
have their name. It is 25 miles NW of
Eftrcmos.
Ariso, a town of Naples, in Terra di
Livoro, lix miles E of Sora
Aulaidorf, a town of Suabia, fityiate
on the river Schus, eight miles n of
Ravenfburg.
Aulnuy, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Calvados, 14 miles sw of
Caen.
Aumalc. See Alljcmnrle.
Anmont, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Lozere, 15 miles NW of
Mcnde.
Aitmore^ a town of Hindooftan, in
Bengal, 30 miles s of RajtWl, and 46
NNW of MoorJhedabad.
Aunis, lately a fmall territory of
France, in the&w part of Poitou, and
now forming part of the department
of Lower Charente.
Amn, a river which rifes in Wilt*
ftiire, flows by Salilbuiy, coafts the
cd|^e of the New Foreft, and enters the
Englifli channel at Chriftchurch bay.
Avon, a rivei wiiich rifes in Leicef-
terfliire, and running by Warwick and
Evefli.Tin, cntera the Severn at Tewkef-
burv,
.-ivon. Lower, a river which rifes in
VViltfhirc, and running w to Bath, be-
comes navigable there; it then con-
tinues its courfe to Briftol, and flows
into the Briilol channel.
Awach, a fortified town of Suabia, in
the' duchy of Wirtemb- rg, feated at
the foot of a mountain, on the rivulet
Ernift, IS miles E of Tubingen.
Ai'rauclirSf a town of France, in the
department of Manche, lately the fee
of a bifliop. It is feated on a moun-
tain, near the mouth of the See, a»
miles b of Coutances, and 160 w of
Paris.
Auras, a town of Silefia, on the river
Odor, I a miles nw of BreOau.
Ainiti), a town of France, in the de-
partment of Morbihan, on a river of its
name, near its entrance into the gulf of
Morbihan, eight miles w of Vannes.
Auricli, a town of Weftphalia, in E
FrieP.and, feated in a plain, furroundcd
by forefti', 13 miles ne of Emden.
Auriliac^- a tows of France} io the
JR
vineyards, 56 milei
on. 455 w, lat. 49
f Spain, in Aduriai,
fcay, 16 miles s of
Portugal, in Alo.n-
eminence, with a
:r Avis. Hence the
hi; knights of Avis
It is 25 miles nw of
Naples, in Terra di
of Sora
n of Suabia, fit^iate
9, eight miles n of
>f France, in the de-
los, 14 miles sw of
bcmnrle,
of France, in the de-
re, 15 miles NW of
1 of Hindooftan, in
of RajeVnal, and 46
ibad.
fmall territory of
part of Poitou, and
. of the department
vhich rifes v-. Wilt-
lalilbuiy, coafts the
^ireft, and enters the
Chriftchurch bay.
liich rifes in Leicef-
ng by Warwick and
e Severn at Tewkef«
river which rifes in
nitig w to Bath, be-
■here} it then con.
Briftol, and flows
Innol.
Id town of Suabia, in
rtemb', rg, feated at
Intain, on the rivulet
^f Tubingen,
rn of France, in the
|nche, lately the fee
feated on a moun-
lith of the See, »»
;es, and 160 w of
Silefia, on the river
lof Brtflau.
|f France, in the de-
Jian, on a river of its
Ince into the gulf of
lies w of Vannes.
If Weftphalia, in E
la plain, furrounded
Ine of Emden.
of France, io the
department of Cantal- Qoantitlcs of
lace and velvet are manufactured here.
It is feated on the Jordanne, 30 mills
jw of St. Flour.
Aiiriol, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Mouths of the Rhone, i»
miles sE of Aix,and la nne of Mar-
[feilles. . , _-
i Aurora, an iJland, one of the New
Hebrides, in the Pacific occean. It is
■36 miles long and fix broad, affords
^plenty of wood and water, and has a
[fmall bay on the nw coaft. Lon. i6S
Ssk. lat. 15 8 s,
Aurun'^abad, a confiderable city of
[ Hindooftan, capital of Dowlatabad. It
owes the grcateft part of its mngni-
licence to the great Aurungzebr, who
made it his place of refidence, and gave
it the prefent name. It ftands in a fer-
tile plain, almoft furrounded by moun-
tains, no miles s by w of Biirhanpour,
and 250 KSE of Surat. Lon. 76 % t, lat.
19 45 N.
AuTunjinhunder, a town of Hindoo-
ftan, in the province of Tatta, on a
branch of the Indus to which it gives
name, 40 miles s by w of Tatta-
Aaspiiz, a town of Moravia, ao miles
6SE of Brun.
Aussig, a town of Bohemia, fi?ated
«n the Elbe, 11 miles nnw of Leut-
meritz.
Aiist, a village in Gloucefterfhire, 10
miles N of Briftol, noted for its ancient
ferry over the Sevein.
Amterlitz, or Slawkow, a town of
Moravia. Near this place, in 1805, a
great vidory was obtained by the
French over the Auftrians and Rulfians,
which ltd to the treaty of Prolburg. It
is la miles E of Brunn, and 30 ssw of
Olmutz.
Austlcf St. a town of Cornwall, with
a market on Friday. The principal
manufadture is woollen cloth, but its
trade in various branches is confidera-
ble. In the environs is got fine clay,
which is fent to Liverpool, Briftol, and
Staffordfliire for the potteries. It is
feated near the Englilh channel, i,^
miles ENE of Truro, and 245 wby s of
London.
Aiatrulasia, a name applied by fome
geographers to thofe illands that lie s
of the continent of Afia, as New Hol-
land, New Guinea, New Britain, New
Ireland, New Caledonia, New Zealand,
and thofe of Solomon, Arroo, New
Hebrides, &c.
Austria, a circle of Germany, bound-
ed on the E by Hungary, s by Italy
and Croatia, w by Swiflerland, and n
by Suabia, Bavaria, Bohemia, and Mo-
AUX
ravia. It contains the archduchf of
Auftria, the duchies of Stiria,Carinthia«
and Carniola, the county of Tyrol, and
the principalities of flrixon nud Trent.
Austria, an archduchy of Germany,
in the circle of the fime name, contain-
ing 637,000 fquaro acres. The river
F.ns divides it into Upper and Lower;
Viecna is tlie capital of the Lower, and
Lintz of the Upper, The inhabitants
are polite, intelligent, and gay; fond of
honour, which theyftrivc to gain by the
arts and fciences, or by arms; and there
is no country in Germany where foreign-
ers are more courteoully entertained.
Auftria excels all the provinces of Ger-
many in the fertility of its foil: corn,
wine, and fruit, are plentiful ; and the
faffron is better th.^n that of the E
Indies. The principal rivers are the
Danube, Ens, Inn, Dravc, and Save.
In 1804, Francis n, emperor of Ger-
many, renounced that title in a formal
manner, eredled his own dominions iuto
an hereditary empire, and was crowned
emperor of -Vuftria. To this augufl:
4ioufe belong Auftria Proper, Stiria,
Carinthia, Carniola, Bohemia, Moravia*
Hungaiy, 'I'ranfylvania, part of Poland
under the name of Galicia, Sclavonia*
Croatia, Morlachia, Bofiiia, part of
Servia, and part of Walachia. Th»
metropolis of the empire is Vienna.
Autun, a city of France, and an epi-
fcopal fee,, in the department of Saone
and Loire. It contains many veftigcs
of Roman magnificence, particularly
the temples of Janus and Cybelc. Hero
are manufadlures of tapeftry, carpets,
coverlets, and delft ware. Fhe cathe-
dral of St. Lazarus, the college, and
the feminary, are worthy of notice.
Autun is feated on the Arroux, at the
foot of three mountains, 45 miles e by
s of Nevers, and i6» se of Paris. Lon.
4 18 E, lat. 46 57 N.
Auverfrne, a late province of France,
100 miles long and 75 broad; bounded
on the N by the Bourbonnois, e by
Forez and Velay, s by Rouergue and
the Cevcnnes, and w by Lim^fin,
Querci, and La Marche. It now forms
the two departments of Cantal and Puy
de Dome.
AuviUard, a town of France, in the
department of Lot and Garonne, fituate
on the river Garonne, 13 miles se of
Agen.
Auxcre, a city of France, capital of
the department of Yonne, and lately an
epifcopal fee. It contains many foun-
tains and fqunres, and the epifcopal
palace is deemed one of the moft beau-
tiful ia France. It is feated on tbc fide
M
!1
11
i'^
Ifl
if
11
1
A XM
•f a bin, (HI the river Yonne, 75 m1Iei
www of Pijon, ind 90 sst ofParu.
Lon. 3 34 K, lat. 47 4S w.
Auxon, a \nwn of France^ in the
c>paitinent of AubCf 13 tnilet • of
Tfoyca.
>4tt.ronnr, a tcwn of France, in the
department of C6te d'Or, with a caftle,
an arfenal, a foundry fur cannon, and
a fchool for the artillery. It is featcd
on the Saone, 17 miles b of Dijon.
Auzfiiy or '/Vgre, a town of Abyfltnia,
capital of the province of Tigrc, and a
Jjlace of conrult'rable commerce. It is
eated on a river that flows into the
Tacazzc, 170 miles ne of Gondar.
JLon. 39 .1.1 K, lat 14 4 N.
Jwtttska liat/f a harbour on the sk
coaft of Kamtfchatka, the fafeft and
moft extenfivc yet difcovered, in that
part of the world, that can admit vef-
fels of confiderable burden. It has a
town called St. Peter and Paul.
Awet Loc/if a lake of Scotland, in
Argylefhirc, 30 miles long, and in fome
parts above two broad. It contains
four little iflands, tufted with trees, on
one of which is the ruin of an ancient
caftle ; and on a peninfuU of the lake
is the noble ruin of Kilchum caftle. At
the north extremity rifes the mountain
Cruachan, elevated J390 feet above the
furface of the lake ; and near its top is
the fpring which forms this beautiful
cxpanfe of water. The river Awe, the
outlet of this lake, runs into Loch
Etive, at the village of Bunavve.
Awcri, or Ovcro, a kingdom of Africa,
dependant on Benin, with a town of
the fame name, on the river Formofa.
Lon. 5 xo E, lat. 6 10 n.
Ait'icn, a town of Suabia, on the river
Cochen, 20 miles wsw of Oeting.
Axhidgc, a town in Somerfetlhire,
governed by a mayor, with a market
on Thurfdayf feated on the river Ax,
under the Mcndip hills, 10 miles Nw of
Wells, and 130 vv of London.
Axel, a town of the Netherlands, in
Flanders, feated in a morafs ten miles
N of Ghent.
Arinif a territory of Guinea, on the
Gold coaft, with a river of the fame
name flowing through it, and a town
on the E fide, at its cntnnce into the
ocean. The country is fertile and
well cultivated, producing palm-oil,
cocoas, oranges, pincapph's, yams,
water-melons, and a prodigious quan-
tity of rice. The Dutch have a fort
and a faftory here, called St- Anthony.
Lon. I 3 w, lat. 4 4a n.
AxiniiisteTy a town in Devonlhire,
00. M>e river Ax, with a Riarket vQ Sa*
ATE
turdajr. Xing Athclftan eibblilhed a
minfter here ^ the memory of the
}>rinces flain in his army, when he de-
eatcd the panes in tlus neighbour,
hood. Here is a manufadlurc of leather
gloves, 6cc. and a famous one of car*
pets. It is a? miles e by n of Exeter,
and 147 w of London.
AxHiiif a town, anciently the capital,
of AbylTinia. Its ruins are very oxten-
five, among which are many obeNfts of
granite, with fculptures, but no hicro«
glyphics. It is 70 miles NW of Auacu.
Lon. 38 4$ E, lat. 14 10 N.
Ai/ainonfe, a feaport of Spain,- in
Andalufia, with a caftle on a rock, at
the mouth of the river Guadiana, oppo-
fite Caftro- Marino, 80 miles Nw of
Cadiz. Lon. 7 ij w, lat. 17 12 n.
Aifteshiiri/, a borough in Bucking-
hamfhire, with a market on Saturday.
The fpring allizcs are held her«', and it is
the centre of the bufinifs of the fertile
vale of Aylelbury. Many people here
derive their fupport from a peculiar
manner of rearing early ducks for the
London market; and the making of
lace is carried on to a great extent. It
is 17 miles se of Buckingham, and 38
NW of London. Lon. o 50 w, lat 51
48 N.
Aifleshnm, a town in Norfolk, with a
market on Thurfday, u miles n of
Norwich, and 118 .ne of London.
Aymniiihy a ^own of Scotland, in
Berwickfliire, fix miles n of Berwick,
and once fortified to curb the garrifun
of that town.
Ayry a river of Scotland, which rifes
in the e part of Aydhirc, receives the
Greenock and Garpel in its courfe
acrofs the county, and enters the frith
of Clyde, at the town of Ayr.
Ayr, a borough and feaport of Scot-
land, in Ayrihire, iltuate on a fandy
plain, at the mouth of the river Ayr,
over which is a bridge. Its chief trade
is in coal, and the iifliery for fidmon,
and all kinds of white filh; it has alfo
an exteafive manufacture of leather and
foap. Two lighthoufes arc eredcd to
conduft vellels into the harbour, which'
is often incommoded with fand. In
the new town, on the n lide of the
river, are many good houfes, and the
ruins of a Dominican monallery. Ayr
is the birthplace of the poet Robert
Burns. In 1801, the number of inha-
bitants was 5493. It is 7;; miles sw of
Edinburg. Lon. 435 E,lat. 5.? 51 n.
Ayrshire, a county of Scotland,
bounded on the w by the Irilh channel
and the frith of Clyde, n by Renfrew/hire,
£ by the countiei of Lanerk, Dumfrf'i«>
ciently the capital*
tins are very cxteii-
re many ob«H(ks of
tires, but no hicro*
liles NW of Auacii.
\ 10 N.
port of Spain,- in
adle on a rock, at
er Guadiana, oppo-
80 miles NW of
w, lat. 17 i» N.
■ough in Bucking-
arket on Saturday,
e lield litTf, and it is
iifinift of the fertile
Many people here
rt from a peculiar
early ducks for the
ind the making of
i a great extent. It
Buckingham, and 3S
on. o 50 w, Ut 51
L'otland, which rlfes
yrlhirc, receives the
rpel in its courfe
ind enters the frith
n of Ayr.
nd feaport of Scot-
fit uate on a fandy
of the river Ayr,
„e. Its chief trade
fifliery for f;dmou,
ite filh ; it has alfo
•ture of leather and
iifes are treftcd to
he harbour, which
■d with fand. In
[the N fide of the
houfes, and the
monaftery. Ayr
the poet Robert
number of inha-
|t is 75 miles sw of
E,lat. S.I 3» N.
ity of Scotland,
,' the Irifli channel
|NbyRenfrew(hire,
Lanerk, Dumfrf^ft
A20
tnd KlrltcudbriKht, and « by Wjgton-
ftlre. It exhibits the fliape of tvro
I wings, extending to the mw and sw,
and forming a vaft bay at the mouth of
the frith of Clyde. Between its extreme
points it is 50 miles; it s prcatcft
J breadth is 26. It is divided mto 45
Tpariflies, and in 1801 contained 84i3o6
Inhabitants. The sw angle, though
mountainous, is rich in pafture; but
the greater part of the nw is a fine level
pountry. It is interfered by the Ayr,
Irvine, Girvan, Stinchar, and fcveral
^ther rivers, which abound with fal-
ipn. It has incxhauftible feams of
boal, alfo frceftone, limeftonc, iron,
lead, and copper ; and a great quantity
lof fea weed is thrown afliorc, from
[which abundance of kelp is made.
Ay»surtli, a village of N Yorkfliire,
[feated on the Euro, four miles e of
Afkrigg. Here is a grand pidturcfque
I waterfall, called Ayfgarth Force; nvX
a bridge of one arch, 73 feet in the
i I'pan, overgrown with ivy.
' Aijlon, a village in N Yorkfhirr, five
mile's sw of Scarborough. It is frated
I on the Derwent, and has a conlidcrable
forge for iron ware.
AzamoTy a town of Morocco, on the
! river Morbeys, near the fea, 80 miles n
of Morocco.
Azarvdu, a feaport of Brafil, in the
bay of Spirito Santo, celebrated fur
Aigar. Lon. 40 10 w, lat. 20 18 s.
A:em. Sec Asaam.
A:of. See Asoph.
A:orrs, or fVritfirn Ishniclfiy a group
of idands in the Atlantic, between 25
and 30 w lon. and 37, and 40 n lat.
900 miles w of Portugal. They are
nine in number, viz. St. Maria, St.
Michael, Tercera, St. George, Gra-
ciofa, Fayal, Pico, Flores, aiul C!©rvo.
They were difcovered in 14^9, by John
Nanderberg, a merchant of Bruges,
who In a voyage to Lifbon, vas driven
to thefc iflands by ftrefs ol weather.
On his arrival at Lifbon, hebr.ifted of
his discovery; on which the Portiiguefe
fi't fail, and took pofleflion of tfiem.
They have been ever fince fubjedt to
the Porttiguefe, who called them the
Azores, from the numberof hawks found
among them. Their rugged precipices
I and mountains, many of whofe fum-
niits are conical, exliibit indications of
I the violent eruptions and coiivulfions
by which, at feveral diftant periods,
they have been agitated. They enjoy
a great portion of clear and ferene wea-
ther, and the climate is highly favorable
to human health. The foil is in ge-
aeral fertile, abounding iii corn, grnpest
B AC
orangeit lemons, and other fruits ; and
is favorable for breeding cattle and
/hecp. The woods and high lands pre-
fent a multitude of birds of diffinent
defcriptions. No poifonous animal, it
is laid, is to l>e found in the Azores.
The governor-general rcfides at Angra,
in Tercera; but St. Michael is tht
largeft ifland.
B.
Bala, a town of European Turkey,
in Bulgaria, celebrated for its knite»
and fword blades. It ftands on a galf
of its name, in the Black fea, 90 nuiea
NE of Siliftria. Lon. a8 38 b, lat. 44
40 N.
Dahelmn„(M, a (Irait between tht
coaft of Abyflinia and Arabia, uniting
the Red fea with the Indian ocean. In
it is a fmall ifland and a mountain of
the feme name. Lon. 43 50 k, lat- la
50 V.
Btthnhamfti, n town of Suabia, in
the diichy of Wirtemburg, five inilct
N of Tubingen.
Huhiitani-s, a duller of fix or ftvcA
fmall iflands in the N Pacific ocean, 10
leagues m of the ifle of Luconia. Th«
chief produce is wax, ebony, bananas*
cocoas, and plantains.
Jiacat or Ba^a, a town of Spain, in
Granada, 15 miles ne of Guadix.
Bacuno, a town of Italy, in the pa-
trimony of St. Peter, near a river of
the fame name, ao miles nyv of Rome.
Bach, or Ballta, a town of Hungary,
formerly the fee of a bifliop, feated
near the Danube, 30 miles ene of
Funf kirchen, and X.s s of Buda.
Bacharath, a town of France, in the
department of Rhine and Mofelle, late^
ly of Germany, in the palatinate of the
Rhine. It is famous for its wine, and
ftands at the foot of a mountain, near
the Rhine, 24 miles s by e of Coblentz.
Bnckcscrcij,^ n town of Ruffia, in the
province of Tanrida. Jt was lately the
relidence of the Tartar chana of the
Crimea, and the pslace is a curious
fpecies of painted Chinefe ftrudture.
Near this place, on a high rock, is an
old fort called the Jews Citadel, fo
named as having been from time ira-
memorial inhabited by about too fa«
milies of Jews. Bacheferai is feated in
a deep valley, on the rivulet Katza, 18
miles 3SW of Sympheropol.
Bachiau, an ifland, the larjjeft and
moft fouthern of the proper Moluccas.
It is 70 miles in ciicumfercnce, and the
BAD
Ihttrior rifcs into woody hills. It is
governpd by a fiiltan, who is alfo fove-
reign of Ouby and Ceram ; and he
receives a penfit>n from the Dutch, eitiier
for the deftrudtion or fupply of nut-
megs. Lon- 127 o E, lat o i^ s.
Jiadnjoz, a town of Spain, capital of
Eftrcmadura, and a biihop's fee. It is
famous for a bridge built by the Ro-
mans over the Guadiana. On this
bridge the Povtugiiefc were defeated
by don John of Afturias, in 1661. Ba-
dajoz isa frontier town toward Portugal,
and well fortified. It is 14 miles E of
Elvas, and 175 s by w of Madrid. Lon.
640.W, lat. 384.5 N.
Badakshan, a city of UfliPC Tartary,
capital of the province of Kilan.' Gold,
filver, and rubies are found in its vici-
nity; and caravans pafs by this city to
Cabul and China. It is feated on the
Harrat, or Amu, in a branch of the
Belur mountains, 340 milea e of Balk.
Lon, 7035 E, lat. 36 35 N.
Badbury, a village in Dorfotftiire,
fituate on a confiderable eminence, four
niilea nw of VVinborn. It was a sum-
mer ftation of the Romans, and many
of their coins, urns, &c. have been
found. Here is alfo a Saxon camp,
which confifts of three oblong ram-
parts.
Buddontty a town of Spain, in Cata-
lonia, feated on the Mediterranean, 10
miles NE of Barcelona.
Badciif a principality of Suabia,
bounded on the n by the late palatinate
cf the Rhine and bifliopric of Spire, e
by the duchy of Wirtemburg and prin-
cipality of Furftenberg, s by Brifgau,
and w by the Rhine. It is divided into
Upper and Lower Baden, frequently
called B.iden-B.iden and EaJen-Dur-
Lich, from the chief towns.
Badin, a town of Suabia, capital of
Upper Baden, with a caftle, on the top
©f a hill, where the prince often relidcii.
It is remarkable for its hot baths, and
is feated on the Oelbach, near tlie
Rhine, 40 miles w of Stutgard. Lon.
8 jz K, lat- 48 4^ N.
Badrn, a town of SwilTerland, in
Argau, capital of a county of the lame
name. Near it are fome warm baths,
mentioned by the ancients nnder the
names of Aquie ;tuJ Thorrase Helve-
tica. In 1714, a treaty was concluded
here between Germany and Spain. It
is feated on the Limmat, 10 miles nw
of Zurich. Lon. 8 -24 e, lat- 47 a6 n.
Baden, a town of Auftria, famous
for its numerous hot baths; feated on
the Suechat, 15 miles ssw of Vienna.
Bodtm^eiUr, a tgwn of Suabia^ in
BAG
Brifgau, much frequented for its hot
baths i feated near the Rhine, 10 milet
ssw of Friburg.
Badgeworth, a village in Glouceftcr-
fhire, fevcn miles ne of Gloucefter.
Here is a mineral fpring called Cold
Pool, nearly the fame m quality as that
of Cheltenham.
Bacza,A town ofSpainiin Andaluha,
with a univerfity, feated on the Gua-
dalquiver, 15 miles ne of Jaen.
Baffin Bay, a large bay, to the N of
Hudfon Bay, faid to be difcovered in
1662 by BaHin, an Engliflnnan, who at-
tempted to find a NW paffage that way
to the South fea. Recent navigatori
doubt its exiftence.
Bajfo, a town of Cyprus, with a fort
near the ancient Paphos, of which
confiderable ruins remain, particularly
fome broken columns, which probably
belonged to the temple of Venus. Lon.
32 30 E, lat. 54 50 N.
Bagdad, a city of Afiatic Turkey,
capital of Irac Arabi, with a ftrong
caftle- It has a great trade, being an.
nually vifited by the Smyrna, Aleppo,
and Wefteni caravans. It was the ca-
pital of the Saracen empire, till taken
by the Turks in the 13th century; fince
which it has been often tr.ken by the
Turks and Perfians, the laft time by the
Turks in 1638. It flill continues to be
a place of confiderable refort for all the
commodities of Natolia, Syria, Perfia,
and India ; but has loft much of its
ancient fplendor, and is not fo opulent
as when in the pofTtflion of the Per-
fians. The inhabitants are fuppofed
not to exceed 40,000. Not far to the
s arc fome ruins of the ancient Babylon.
B.7gdad is feated on the Tigris, 250
miles N by w of Baffora. Lon. 4446 e,
lat. .^f^co N.
Bdg/irrmi, the capital of a country of
the fame name, in the empire of Bor-
nou, 180 miles ."^se of Boriiou,
Bdglana, a country of the Dcccan of
Hindooftan, bounded on the n by Gu-
zorat, E by Candeifti and Dowlatabad,
>s by Vifiapour, and w by the ocean. It
is exceedingly moimtainous, but fertile
in many places.
Bugnaluca, a town of European Tur-
key, in Bofnia, 55 miles nw of Serai.
Bcig'iara, a feaport of Naples, in Ca-
labria Ulteriore. H(nc are fevcral high
waterfalls ; and among the rocks are
the ruins of the former town, in which
30I7 perfons perifhed by an earthquake
in r783. It is fituate near the ftrait of
Mi'lTnia, 15 miles nne of Rogio. Lon.
16 S E, lat. 38 15 N.
Jiagnarea, a town of Italy, in the
quentcd for its hot
the Rhine* lo milea
illage in GlouceftcN
NE of Gloucefter.
fpiing called Cold
me m quality as that
fSpain, in Andalulia,
feated on the Gua-
1 NK of Jaen.
irge bay, to the N of
to be difcovered in
Engliflunaii, who at-
NW pairage that way
Recent navig&tori
f Cyprus, with a fort
Paphos, of ^ which
remain, particularly
mns, which probably
trple of "Venus. Lon.
N.
r of Afialic Turkey,
^rabi, with a ftrong
;reat trade, being an.
the Smyrna, Aleppo,
vans. It was the ca-
:en empire, till taken
le 13th century; lince
n often taken by the
ns, thelaft time by the
It flill continues to be
vable refovt for all tlie
^atolia, Syria, Pt-rfia,
as loft much of its
and is not fo opulent
odtflion of the Per-
Ibitants arc fuppofed
000. Not far to the
the ancient Babylon,
on the 'iigris, C50
flora. Lon. 4446E,
japital of a country of
the empire of Bor-
of Bornou.
itry of the Dcccan of
•a on the N by Gu-
ifli and Dowlatabad,
|l w by the ocean. It
iintainous, but fertile
Ivn of European Tur-
Iniles NW of Serai.
l>rt of Naples, in C.i-
I(!rc are fcvcral high
long the rock;] are
Irmer town, in which
led by an earthquake
late near the ftrait of
]ne of Regie. Lon.
m of Itsly. in the
UAH
irtrrmony of St. Peter, Hve milei s of
' Orvicto.
Bagneresy a town of France, m the
[department of Upper Pyrenees, famous
' for its baths and mineral waters ; leat-
' ed on the river Adour, 10 miles s of
Tarbes. ^ ^ . .
Bag7wls, a town of France, m the
[department of Guard, near the river
I Cefe, eight miles s of Pont St. Efprit.
I BngsTiof, a village in SuiTy, 12 miles
I U by E of Farnhara. Here our monarchs
[had formerly a houfe and park, which
Iwas laid open after the civil wars. It
[is furrounded by an extcniivo heath,
chiefly barren, but on its borders arc a
igicat number of handfome feats.
Bahama, or Lucaya Idunds, fituate
\Xo the s of Carolitia. They extend
jlong the coaft of Florida to Cuba, and
are faid to be 500 in number, fonie of
Ihem mere rocks, but la of them large
md fertile. Few of them are inhabited,
land they are fubjeft to the Englifli.
iThe illands which give name to the
[whole are Bahama and Lucaya, both
jof them in the n part of the group, the
former 20 and the other 70 leagues k
Jfrom the coaft of Florida. The palHige
Ibetwecn the illand of Bahama and the
jcontinent is called the Channel of Ba-
jhama, or Gulf of Florida. One of thefe
liflands was the firft land defcried by
iColumbus, in 1492, on which he land-
led, and called it San Salvador. They
Iwere not known to the Englilh till
]i667, when captain Seyie being driven
lamong them in his palTage to Carolina,
[gave his uame to one of them, and af-
jterward, being a fecond time driven
lupon it, called it Providence. Thefe
jillands produce a great quantity of
Jdying woods, and fome lignum vitas
land mahogany. The only article culti-
[vattid for expt>:tation is cotton.
lialiar, a country of Ilindooftan,
[bounded on the w by Allahabad and
[Oude, N by Napal, li by Bengal, and s
by OrifTa. It is fubjed to the Englidi
(E India Company; and moft of the
jfaltpetre they export is manuiatftured
[in this province. Patna is the capi-
Ital.
liahar, a town of Ilindooftan, once
[the capital of the country of the fame
jrame, and now rcmark.ible for t'le
[aumber of magnificent funeral moiiu-
Iments. It is 35 miles se of Patna.
Baliia. See ylll-iiaiiili, Buy.
Baliraitcli, a town of Himiooftan, in
|fhe province of Oude, 6i miles nnw of
^yzabad, and 65 ne of Lucknow. Lon.
Si 56 E, lat.ay 30 n.
iiahwiliuTg, a towa of WeftpUalia,
B A I
irt the county of Hoya, on the riret
Suhlingen, 20 miles w of Nienburg.
Bahrin, a town of Arabia, fituate
on an ifland, 30 miles long, in the gu)f of
Perfia. It gives name not only to the
idand on which it is built, but alfo to a
cluftcr of them, celebrated for the ptarl
fifliery ; and likewife to a province, ex-
tending along the w coaft of the gulf.
The town is fortified, and belonged
once to the Portuguefe. It ftands on
the w fide of the ifland, 70 miles ne of
Lahfa, the capital of the province. Lon.
49 5 K, lat. 26 20 N.
Balius, a province of Sweden, on the^
NW coaft of Gothland, having Norway
on the N. It is 115 miles long, and
from 15 to 30 broad, much interfered
by rivers and lakes. The land is, fer-
tile, and the principal articles exported
are fifh, wood, pitch, lime, tailowy and
hides.
Ba/itts, a ftrong town of Sweden, ca-
pital of a province of the fame name".
It is (ituale on a rock, in an iilaud of
the river Gotha, 10 miles n of Gothe-
burg. Lon. n 4a e, lat. 58 ao n.
Jiaia, a town of Naples, in Terra di
Lavoro, formerly famous for its hot
baths and elegant palaces, of which
fome ruins remain. It is feated on t-he
bay of Naples, la miles w of Naples.
Baja, a town of Hungary, on the
Danube, 35 miles nw of Efleck.
B'-ijddor, a cape on the w coaft of
Africa, s of the Canary illands. Lon.
14 2a w, lat. 26 12 N.
Baikal^ a lake of Siberia, in the pro-
vince of Irkutfk, 350 miles in length,
but its greateft breadth not above 40.
The water is freih ; and the Ruffians
fpeak of it with reverence, calling it
the Holy fea. There are many feals in
it of a blackiQi colour, and abundance
of fifli; alio feveral idands, and that of
OlchoH, the largelt, has fulphureous
fprings. It receives the Selinga from
the s, and its oiitler is the Auijara, which
flows N into the Yenifi.i.
Bail/cul, a town of France, in the de-
partment 4pf Nord, nine miles s-w of
Ypres.
Builitr, a feaport of .Vbyfn.iia, and
chief town in the country of Dancali.
It ftands on a fpacious bay of tlie Red
iea, 340 milts v. by n of Gondar. Lon,
4% 40 E, lat. 13 3 N.
BaJ.i'.ru, a town of Ilindooftan, in
Myfore, with a good ftono fort. It
carries on a confiderable trade with Ja-
mal.ibad and the country below the
Gauts. It is feated near the Bhaari, 6a
miles WNW of Seringapatam.
Bain, a town of France, in the de-
^
'"; ♦.
B A L
partment of Hie and Vilainei i6 miles
s of Renn«8.
Bain Gonga, a river of Hindooftan,
which rifes near the Nerbuddaj runs s
Jtrougb Berar, and» after a courfe of
Bear 400 miles, joins the Godavery,
-within the hills that bound the Britilh
CircarS'
Bairotitf anciently Berytus, a feaport
nf Syria, in Paleftine, and the chief town
of the Drufcs. The port is nearly choak-
ed with fand and ruins; but many cot-
tons and filks are exported hence for
Cairo. It Hands on the n fide of a broad
^promontory, 50 miles wnw of Damaf-
CU8. Lon. 36 10 E, lat. 33 45 n.
Bakewell, a town in the Peak of
Derbyfhire, with a market on Friday.
Here is a large cotton-mill; and near
it, at the village of Aftiford, are marble
works, where the black and gray mar-
bles found in the vicinity are fawn and
polilhed. It is feated on the Wye, 27
miles NNw of Derby and 453 of Lortdon-
Bakow, a town of European Turkey,
in Moldavia, on the river fiiftritza, 60
miles sw of Jafly.
Baku, a town of Perfia, in the pro-
vince of Schirvan, the moft commodious
haven of the Cafpian fea, on the w coaft
of which it is fituate. The vicinity pro-
duces mnch rock fait, fulphur, and
naptha, and it is famous for faffron.
IJaku is a fortrefs, fiirrounded by high
brick walls, 300 miles s of Aftracan.
Lon. 49 15 E, lat. 40 2 N.
Bain, a corporate town of Wales, in
Merioiiethfliire, with a market on Satur-
day. It is feated on the lake of Baia, or
Pemblemere, which is three miles long
and one broad, and abounds with a lilh
called guinard, relembling a falmon in
fliape, and tafting like a trout- The river
Dee iffues from this lake. The town
has a great trade in knit ftockings, web,
and flannels. It is 40 miles se. of Car-
rarvou, and 195 nw of London. Lon.
3 i$ w, lat. 53 50 N'-
Bahichna, a town of Ruflia, in the
government of Niznei Novogorod, feat-
ed near the Volga, 40 mile* vvnw of
Niznei Novogorod.
Bahigat, or Balla^^nnt, a coiMitry of
Hindooftan, in the Deccan, confining of
vaft fertile plains, fupported by a itu-
pendous wall of mountains, called the
Cauts, which rifes abruptly from the
low coimtry called the Concan. This
trail is fo elevated, that the air is cool
and pleafant. The northern part is fub-
jert to the Poonah Mahrattas, and it
extendi thence, along the peninfula,
tp the fouthern extremity of Myfore.
Balaclava, a town ot Uuflia, in the
B AL
gflvemment of Taurida, with a land*
locked bafin, and a chain acrofs the en*
trance, to prevent contraband trade. It
is 18 miles sse of Sebaftopol.
BalagneTf a fortified tov/n of SpsdnJ
in Catalonia, on the river Segra, at the
foot of a craggy rock, 75 miles wnw of
Barcelona. Lon. o 40 e, lat. 41 43 n.
BalnhCf a fmall ifland in the gulf of
Mexico* with a fort, at the principal en>
trance of the Miffiflippi. Lon. 89 20 w,
lat. 29 6 N.
Balambangan, a fmall ilTand in the
Indian ocean, at the N extremity of
Borneo, where a fetllement was formed
by the Eaft India Company in 1773)
but evacuated the next year.
Balumbuan. See Pulamboan.
Balapura, CIncay a town of Hindoo-
ftan, in Myfore, noted for the manufac-
ture of fugar-candy and clayed fugar,
15 miles NE of Doda Balapura.
Balapura, Doda, a town of Hindoo-
tan, in iMylbre, furrounded by a mud
wall and hedge, and has a ftrong mud
fort, with a palace. Here are manu-
faduros of cloth and fugar. It is u
miles N by w of Bangalore, and 57 se
of Sera.
BaluruCf a town of France, in the
department of Horault, famous for its
baths. It is la miles from Montpellier.
Balosorey a feaport of Hindooftan,
in OriiTji, and a place of confiderable
trade ; iituate on the Gongahar, ao
miles from its mouth in the bay of Ben-
gal, and H4 sw of Calcutta. Lon. 86
46 E, lat zi :6 N.
Jiiillaitni, an epifcopal town of Spain,
in Arragon, on the river Vero, near its
conflux with the Cinca, 45 miles enk
of Saragofla. Lon. o 6 e, lat. 41 54 n.
B(tH-rr, the ancient Heliopolis, a town
of Syria, at tb; foot of Mount Libanus,
near the ne extremity of the fertile
valley of Bocat. On the e fide art;
magnificent ruins, particularly thofc of
the temple dedicated to the Sun. Tlie
town was nearly dcftroycd by an earth-
quake in 1759. and is now a poorplaa',
7 miles NNW of Damafcus.
^ Baldivia. See laldivia.
Balduik, a town in Hertfordlhire,
with a market on Thurfday; feated
among.hills, nine miles wbw of Royfton,
and 37 NNW of London.
Bal/ius/i, a town of Perfia, in Ma-
zanderan, j; miles w of Ferabad.
BolfTu, a town of Pruflia, on the
Frifch Haft', 24 miles sw of Konigfticri,'.
Bali, an ifland of the E Indies, 75
miles long and 45 broad, at the E end |
of the ifie of Java, from which it is fc"
parated by a channel called the Strait of I
da, wiA a land,
ain acrofs the en«
traband trade. It
iftopol. ,
d town of Spain,
Wex Segra, at the
75 miles wNwof
> E, lat. 41 4.^ N.
md in the gulf of
it the principal en-
pi. Lon. 89 20 w,
nail ifland in the
; N extremity of
ement was formed .
lompany in i773» J
xt year.
Pulamloan.
. town of Hindoo-
i for the manufac-
and clayed fugar,
I Balapura.
a town of Hindoo-
rounded by a mud
i has a ftrong mud
, Here are manu-
id fugar. It is la
ingalore, andjv se
of France, in the
lult, famous for its
8 from Montpellier.
ort of Hindooftaii,
ace of confiderable
the Gongahar, ao
h in the bay of Ben-
Calcutta. Lon. 86
:opal town of Spain,
j river Vero, near its
|nca, 45 miles e>'K
o 6 K, lat. 41 54 N.
ItHeliopolis, atown
of Mount Libanus,
lity of the fcitlle
Jn the E fide are
)articularly thoft of
Id to the Sun. Tlie
^Iroycd by an earth-
is now a poor place,
la male us.
Uildivia.
\i in Hertfordlhire,
Thurfday; fiatcd
[icswswof Roytton,
idon.
of Perfia, in Ma-
|w of Ft- rabad.
of Pruffia, on the
sw of Konigiberg.
»f the E Indies, 7j
3road, at the e end
from which it islc«
;ltaUcd the Strait of
B A L
Bali. It is populous, abounds in rice
and fruits, and furnifties Haves, cotton,
yarn, and pickkd pork. Lon. 115 -> E,
lat. 8 30S.
Balk, a city of Ulbec Tartary, capi-
tal of a province of the fame name. It
has a c.)nrider3ble trade in filk, and is
the cliief feat of the commerce between
Bokharia and Hindooftan. The khan's
callle is a magnificent ftrudlure, built
of marble, dug out of the neighbouring
mountains. It is feated toward the
borders of Perfia, on the river Dewafti,
which flows into the Amu, 420 miles
sE of Bokhara. Lon. 65 16 e, lat. 36
28 N.
liallantrac, a town of Scotland, in
Ayriliire, near the mouth of theStinchar,
2 4 miles s.'w of Ayr.
Balliioy, a town of Ireland, in Kings
Gotinty, 18 miles sw of Philipftown.
Jjdiiintonri/, a town of Ireland, in
the county of Antrim, feven miles kse
ofColerain, and 2H nnw of Antrim.
Biillimtirr, a town of Ireland, in the
county of W Meath, 50 miles w by n
of Dublin.
litilliiirobr, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Mayo, 18 miles s by e of
Caftlebar.
Ballopstan, a country of Hindooftan,
bordering on the n of Mewat, and ap-
proaching within 14 miles w of Delhi.
It is 80 miles long and from 30 to 40
broad.
Balltorcn, a town of New York, in
Saratoga county, famous for its medici-
nal fprings, and the fuperior accommo-
dation found near them for valetudina-
rians. It is 36 miles n of Albany.
Bull u cant le, a town of Ireland, on
the X coaft of the county of Antrim. It
has fome good collieries, ami ftands near
the mouth of the GlenfLelk, 35 miles
N by w of Antrim-
Ballyvonnci, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Cavan, 11 miles Ntof Cavau.
Balhjnwhon, a town of Ireland, in
the county o!*'Longford, 51 miles w of
Dublin.
Bullijweiia, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Antrim, iz miles nnw of
Antrim.
Bdlhjiiahinch, a town of Ireland, in
the county of Down. Near this place
the rebels were defeated in 1798, and
the greater part of tin; town was burnt.
It is 26 miles nk of Newry.
BaUyuakill, a borough of Ireland, in
Queens county. Here are fome wool-
len manufadures, and in the vicinity
are the ruins of a cattle. It is 18 miles
Nw of Kilkenny.
Ballyihannijh, a borough and fca-
BAM
port of Ireland, in the county of Done-
gal. Here is a good falmon fiihery,
and an extenlive linen manufaAure. It
is feated near the mouth of the Erne,
110 miles Nw of Dublin. Lon. 8 5 w,
lat. 5433 N.
Bnliirerino, a town of Scotland, in
FjfeOiire, which has a trade in corn and
falmon. The ruins of its once magni-
ficent abbey are much admired. It is
feated on the frith of Tay, oppofite
Dundee, ip milesNW of St. Andrew.
Baltic, an inland fea, in the nw of
Europe, between the coads of Sweden,
Ruffia, Courland, Pruffia, Germany,
and Denmark. It contains the gulfs
of Bothnia and Finland ; and a great
number of ifland8,the principal of which
are Aland, Dago,Oefel, Gothland, Oe-
land, Bornhnlm, Rugen, and Laland ;
and the iflands of Zealand and Funen
feparate it from_ the Categat, by which
it communicates with the dcean. The
Baltic has no tide, but a current always
fets through the Sound into the Cate-
gat. Yellow amber is found on the
coaft.
Baltimore, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Cork, on a headland which
runs into the fea, and forms a good
harbour, five miles ne of Cape Clear.
It has the ruins of an abbey, and is 50
miles sw of Cork. Lon. 9 14 w, lat.
51 r8 N.
Baltimore, the largeft town of Mary-
land, capital of a county of the fame
name, in which are numerous iron
works. It is divided by a cretk into
the Town and Fell's point, to the lat-
ter of which the water is deep enougji
for Ihips of burden, but fmall veflels
only go up to the town. The harbour
is one of the fineft in America, with a
narrow <;ntrance defended by a fort.
There are nine edifices for public wor-
Ihipj and the number of inhabitants
is upward of 15,000. It is feated on
the Patapfes, near its entrance into
Clielapeiik bay, 35 miles N of Annapo-
lis. Lon. 76 JO w, lat. 39. ao n.
Buitiiiglass, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Wickiow. It has extenfive
manufadures of linen and woollen, and
is feated on the Slaney, 39 miles sw of
Dublin. »
B'tmi'd, a town of the kingdom of
Congo, in a rich province of the fame
name. It carries on a traffic in flaves^
and is feated on the Loze, 160 miles
sw of St. Salvador. Lon. 13 45 E. lat.
7 z s.
Bamlara, a kingdom of Necroland,
which lies to the sw of that of'l ombuc-
loo. The cultivation of corn is Ucie
r> A M
tarried on to a j;rcat extent; and the irl-
habitants are hoipitablc to llrsngcrsi
Sjfpo is the capital. _ ^ ■
Jiamherg, a city of Franconia, capital
of a principality of the fame name, with
a univerlity. The palace is a large pile
5f buildincr, and the cathedral a vail
Gothic edifice. It was taken in 175^
and 1761 by the Pruflians, and in 1794
by the French. It is feated on the Ueii-
nitz, near its confluence \vith the Maine^
;-,5 miles N of Nurcnbcrg. Lon. 10 56
]■:, lat. 49 5 5 ».
Jlauihirg, a town of Bohemia, at the
foot of a mountain, 30 miles s of Glal/,.
Iiamhorov<fh, a village in Northum-
berland, on the feacoaft, 14 piJles n of
Alnwick. It was once a borough, and
gave name to a trad called Bamborough-
fliire. It has a caftle, on a rock, inac-
ceflible on all lides, e.\cept the s, fatd
tu have betn built by king Ida, about
560. "This caftle, and the manor, was
purchafi'd after the rebellion of 1715,
by lord Crew, bifhop of Durham, who
left it for many benevolent purpofes,
particularly that of miniitring inftant
relief to feamen and veflcls that happen
to be c ' on this dangerous coaft.
lUw'hiuliy a kingdom of Afiica, be-
tween the rivers Fatemi and Senegal.
It is faid to be vevy populous, and on
the borders of the rivers fertile, but in
other parts fandy and barren. The
moft remarkable animals are a fn'>cies
of white apes, which they v.i.; ;,( •■
allow to be fent out of the couiicr/;
white foxes-, and the girafa, an aniin??
made like a camel, and of e; ,. ,i.orcliii,'.i y
Vwiftnefs. There are mines of goUi,
filver, tin, lead, and iron. The capital
is of the fame name. Lon. 9 30 ^', lat.
13 30 .V.
Baminn, a city of Ulbec Tartary, in
the province <)f Gaur. Here are a great
iminb<'r of apartments and recelles cur.
out of a mountain ; fomc of which, from
iheir orn.iuunta! work and extraordi-
nary diiTicnfions, are fuppofed to have
been ten. pies. It is fi :>ted near a river
t)f the 1'aine name, 170 miles ssk of
lialk. T.on. <>(} ic
lat, 39
\Q .\.
Ijaniu.^, a town on tiie n borders of
'he kiiitdom ul liirmali, with a fort,
K-ated u.: the Irrawadily, 170 miles nxi:
f.f tJmnicrapoora.
i amp ton, a town ir. Oxfordfliiro,
W'l'n a m a'x't on W^uuelcia). Tlie
icnviias ot its ancient caftle yet exift;
r>;u\ it has a trade •:! leather gloves,
J ,-kct>-, and btccches. It is feated
r ■■■:■ tt:' '1 'laiV'.-s, iz miles vv of O.-;-
fuii', .nd 71 vv by n of London
?v w/i/ti", a tuwn in Devonfliire,
BAN
\vlth a tnarket on Saturday, a chaly-
beate fpring, and a manufatilurc ot'
fcrges. It i» feated in a bottom, fur-
rounded by hills, 20 miles nne of Exe-
ter, and 163 w by s of London.
Uitvu'^her, a borough of Ireland, in
Kings county, feated on the Shannon,
ij miles 8 ot Athlone-
liandwarn, a town of Ilindooftan, in
Myfore, with a fine mud fort, and the
ruins of an extenfive palace. Much to-
bacco is cultivated in the vicinity. It
is 68 miles nw of Seringapatam.
liaiiburi/f a borough in Oxfordflu're,
gt)vernHd by a mayor, with a market on
Thurfday. It is noted for its cakrj
and ale, and is feated on the Charwell,
71 milcB NNw of London. Lon. t h
vv, lat. 53 4 N.
liancu, an ifland on the e coajt of
Sumatra, celebrated for its productive
tin mints. It has a town and ftrait of
the fame name. Lon. 105 41 v., lat. 2
az s.
lionralh, a foaport on the k <x ».'r of
Sumatra, where t'le Dutch luivi: .-j. ut-
tlement. It is 130 miles w of M.ii .ix.!.
Lon. 100 7 E, lat. I 15 »v.
Banco/,; a town of the »c'<i^dom of
Siam, with a fort ; feated ne.\r ' '.'" mouth
of the Men-T, 40 Hnilec" .? " Siain.
Lon. 100 48 ^, lat; 13 ^^ n,
Bancon!, or i-l- ii.-.N?M, a l.cwn
and fortrefs of Binu,;nJan, on the coaft
of the Concnn, will, a good harbour,
and a trade in fait. It was taken by
.r'le Jtritilh in 1755; ^^^ is 66 miles ^
.1 ii'iii '»ay. Loii. iz 48 e, lit. 18 5 n.
I'o) <■., the chief of the pjand?., 01
I' .itii.,.g iilands, in the Indian occai!.
^"le group comprifes this iile, calU'd |
alfo Lantor, and fix or fevtu otl.era.
The nutme;,', covered with 'iiace, grt)-.s .
principally on thefe iflant's; and thcv
h;ive been fubjed to the Dutch cvii-
linte idc.i), when they I'spelled both tlx
Englifli and na ivcs. 'I'hty are all very I
fniall, the largi'ii being only 20 miles 111
circuinten nee, and are fu'ijcdt toeaith-
(luaketi. IJ.i'.KJa ua- taken bytheEii-l
gliih in 1796, and reilured in 18c:
Lon. 1:9 ?G E, lat. 4 40 .s.
JliuuUr Coir^c, afrnport of Perria,.or
the gulf of Perlia, 80 nules vv of Oom-
brooii. Lon. 55 8 h, lat. :7 10 n.
J'.iiitdon, a borough of Ireland, in tlu'
comity of Cork. It is commonly «|
military ftation, and has manufndiirts
of cotton, camblets, ticking, &,c. Iti-;|
Ijtuate on a rivn- of the fame name, i;|
nulifs s vv ol' Cork.
Bandiyra, a tov.n of Ilindooftan, o«|
the s fide of the illand of Saliltte, vvliidi
is feparutetl from that of Jionibay by i
es this iile> calU'tl
or ft'vcn otl'.er>
with 'iiaco, grtns •
; inands; antl thi-v
of Hinclooftan, oM
d of SalKtte, which I
at of Uombaybyi
BAN
narrow channel. It Is fix miles n of
Bombay.
liaujf'y a borough andfeaport.of Scot-
land, and the county-town of Banfffliire.
The harbour Is defended by a pier and
a battery. Here are minufadturrs of
thread, cotton, and ftockings ; and great
quantities of falmon are cxport<?d. It
is feated on the fide of a hill, at the
mouth of the Deveron, 41. miles nnw
of Aberdeen. Lon. 2 «5 w, lat. 57 36 n.
Banff's/lire, a county of Scotland,
bounded on the n by the ocean, se by
Aberdeenfliire, and w by Murrayihire.
Its greate ft length is 50 miles, and its
extent along the coaft aa, but the mean
hrcadth is not more than 16. It is di-
vided into«3 parilhes, and in i8or con-
tained i?,Xo7 inhabitants. The s part
is very mountainous, but the northern
diftrift is level and fertile. The prin-
cipal rivers are the Diveron and Spey,
which form a part of its E and w
boundaries.
Bangalore, a city of Hindooftan, in
Myfore. It had a ftrong fort, built by
Hydcr, deemed the bulwark of Myfore,
toward Arcot: it was taken by the En-
glifli in 1791; and reftored the next
year to Tippoo, who deftroyed it.
The palace is compoftd of mud, yet not
without fome degree of magnificence ;
and there are two extenfive gardens
made by the two fultans. The chief
manufa(Sures are filk and cotton-clot h^,
inufiins, leather, and oil. It is 74 miles
NE of Seringapatam. Lon. 77 37 e, lat.
13 o K.
BangoTy a city of Wales, in Carnar-
vonlhire, with a market on Wednefday.
It was oBce fo confiderable, that it was
called Bangor the Great, and defended
by a caftle. The principal buildings are
the cathedral and the bilhop's palace.
It is 36 miles w of St. Afaph, and 351
jjw of London. Lon- 4 12 w, lat. 53
Barif^or, a borough of Ireland, in the
county of Down, feated on the s fiiore
of the bay of Carrickfcrgus, oppofite
the town of that name.
Banjaiuka, a town of European Tur-
key, in Bofnia, fuppofud to contain
18,000 inhabitants. It is feated at the
coiinucncc of the Verbania with the
V(.rbai;, 70 miles nw of Serai, and 155
w of Belgrade. Lon. 18 5 e, lat. 44
44 N.
Banjrr, a confiderable river in. the if-
land of Bornto, which flows almolf <liie
s from the centre of the country to tlie
harbour of Baniermafling, and at its
mouth the Dutclk have thtir principal
faitory.
BAN
Banjermassing, a kingdom in the s
part of the illand of Borneo, the capital
of which is Martapura. The country
produces ^reat quantities of pepper;
alfo gold, iron, diamonds, canes, birds-
nefts, wax, and dragonsblood. It has
a town of the fame name, with a good
harbour, at the mouth of the river Ban-
jer. Lon. 114 30 e, lat. 3 15 s.
Bunks Islandf an illand 'n the Pacific
ocean, on the e fide of New Zealand,
about 100 miles in circumference. Lon.
174 E, lat. 43 30 s.
Banks^ Island, an iOand in the Paci-
fic ocean, near the w coaft tjf N Ame-
rica, about 60 miles long, and five broad.
Lon. 130 o w, lat. 53 30 n.
Banu, a river of Ireland, which iflues
from the Mourne mountains in the
county of Down,flow8 nw into Armag" ,
through Lough Neagh, and thence
forms the boundary between London-
derry and Antrim, entering the fea four,
miles below Colerain.
Bannbridt^c, a town of Ireland, in the
covnty of Down, on the river Bann, 14
miles N by E of Newry.
Bumwcklurn, a village of Scotland,
on the river Bannock, two, miles s of
Stirling. It is noted for a battle between
Edward n and Robert Bruce, in 1314,
in which the former was defeated.
Here alfo James in, in 1487, was de-
feated by his fubjedts, wounded, and
foon after murdered by a prieft taking
his confeflion.
Ban?ww, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Wexford, feated on the E
fhore of a bay to which it gives name,
ao miles sw of Wexford. Lon. 6 50 w,
lat. 5a 12 N.
Bantam, a town on the NW coaft of
Java, capital of a kingdom of the fame
name, with tvvo forts. It is divided into
two parts by a river. The Englifii and
Danes had factories here till i68a, when
they were expelled by the Dutch. The
pniduce of the country is pepper, f
which vaft quantities are exported i y
the Dutch, who havedepofed the kings
of the ancient race, and fufifer nothing
to be done in this kingdom but what
they pleafe. Bantam, once populous
and flourilhing, is now a poor place,
its harbour being fo choked up, that
it is inaecefiible to v^flels of burden.
Lon. 105 xG K, lat. 6 20 s.
Bantrij, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Cork, feated on the e fide of
an extenfive bay of the Atlantic, to which
it gives narne, 40 miles wsw of Cork,
l-on. 10 ID w, lat. 51 a6 n.
Biinweli, a village irj^ Somerfetfliire;,
four miles nnw of .ivxbridge. ikrc
m
JMJ
BAH
was a mon.inery, founded by one of
the Saxon princes, which was deftroyed
by the Danes. On its iite an epifcopal
palace was ereAed« fome remains of
which are to be feen near the church.
Bapattme, a town of France, in the
department of Pas de Calais,! a miles se
of Arras.
Bar, a town of Poland, in Podolia,
on a river that flows k into the flog.
In 1768 a catholic confederation was
held here, to protect the religion of the
country from the encroachment of dif-
fenters. It is 48 miles ene of Kami*
nieck, and 55 nw of Braclaw. Lon. xj
40 E, lat. 49 14 N.
Bar, a town of Hindooftan, in Bahar,
near the Ganges, 34 miles ese of Patna.
Bar, or Barrois. a late duchy of
France, lying on both fides the Meufe,
between Lorrain and Champagne. It
nbw forms the department of meufe.
Bar le Due, a town of Fiance, ca-
pital of the department of Meufe, with
91 caftle. Its wine is as dt-licate as
Champagne. It is fcated on the fide of
a bill, by the rivulet Ornry, 30 milfs w
of Toul, and 138 Ji of Paris. Lon. 5
30 E, lat. 4S 44 N'.
Bar u; Auif, a town of France, in
the dep.';itmt:nt of Aubc, famous for
its wines; fea* i at the foot of a moun-
tain, 18 miles sw of Joinville.
Bar sur Sciup, a town of Fi'ance, in
the department of Aube, on the /iver
Seine, at the foot of a mountain, 10
miles sw of Bar fur Aube.
Barn., one of thf Hebv ''es of Scot-
land, to the s of S Uiil. It is 12 mik"?
long and four broad, and has a moun-
tainous appearance, but the soil in
many parts is fertile. Great quantities
of cod and ling "reciught on the ccjaft ;
and ftiellfifh, efpecially cockles, nrc
found in abundance. On the ne iuW
is a goi d harbour. Lon. 7 27 w, lat.
BaracoQ, a town on the ne co.^ft of
C'lba, with a good harbour for fmall
▼eftels, 90 miies ene <if St. Jago de
Cuba. Lon. 74 4^ w, lit. 10 to n.
Baranci) de Ma'ambo, a town of
'I crra Firma, in the province of S*.
Martha, ind a biihop'u fee, with a good
harbour, at the month of the Miui.-i-
l«wa, 70 miles ne of Caiihagena. Lon.
74 50 w, lat. ir lo N.
BaraWf, o. Bnran'ra/u; a town of
Lower Hung.try, capital of the county
of B.«rany, tnken from the Turks in
1684. It is fe.ited in an ifland formed
by tho rivpr Civiflb, 14 miles n of Eflck,
and ISO s of Buda. 1-on. 19 16 t , lat-
45 4": •>'•
BAR
Barlaroa, a town of New Granada,
in Popayan. on the river Tolembi, no
miles sw of Popayan.
Barbacoa, a town of Terra Firma, in
Venezuela, on the e fide of the lake
Maracaybo, 130 miles s by w of Vene-
zuela.
Barhadoes, the eafternmoft .of the
Wiiidward illands, in the W Indie*, 25
miles long and 15 broad. The exports
are fugar, rum, cotton^ indigo, artd gin-
ger ; and it has mod of the fruits com-
mon to the climate, Thu fugar ex-
ported hence is whiter and finer than
that of any other plantation ; and it
has one particular produdlion, called
Barbadoes tar, which rifes out of th(!
earth, and fwims upon the iurface of
the water. This ifland has fuffered
much from hurricanes; particularly
from a dreadful one in 1780, when
no lefs than 4,326 of the inhabitants,
blacks and whites, loft their lives; and
the damage done to the property was
computed at above 1,320,5001. The
capital is Bridgetown.
Barbara, a town of the kingdom of
Adel, feated near the mouth of the Ha-
walh, 200 miles ne of Aucagurel. Lon.
4& 25 E, lat. II 2 N.
' rhara. Si. a town on the coaft of
New Albion, capital of a jurifdidtion of
its name. It Hands in a rugged barren
country, but has a good roadftead.
Lon 119 17 w, lat. 34 54 n.
Barbaricn, a village of Ceylon, on
the w coaft, fix miles s of Caltura. It
has a harboui for ftiip-boats, and a con-
fiderable rnanufadture of cordage and
cables from the cocoa-tree.
Baiiuriff ,\ country of Africa, be-
tvvet;n the -Vuantic ocean, the Mediter-
ranean fea, and Egypt; containing the
countries of Barca, Tripoli, Tunis, Al-
giers, Fez, and Morocco. It is near
aooo miles in length, and, in fome
places, 750 in breadth. It was known
to the ancients by the names of Mauri-
tania, Numidia, Proper Africa, and
Lybia. It is the beft country in all
Africa, except Egvt ; and fertile in
corn, wine, citron oranges, figs, al-
monds, olives, dates, and melons. The
chief tradi' confifts in fruits, in thf
horfes called barbs, Morocco leather,
oftrichcs feathers, indij;o, wax, tin, and
coral. The cftabliflied rclij^ion is tL*
Mahometan, and there are fome Jews ;
but no Chriftians, except the flaves.
BnrbaSf a cape of Africa, in the
Atlantic ocean. Lon. 16 40 w, lat. =3
15 N.
liarbc, St. a town of ATexico. ii
New Bifcay, near which arc rich I'lv'i
iwn on the coaft of
ilof ajurifdiaionof
* _ . aJ ft^nMW^n
kdifio, wax, tin, ati'l
Iwn of Mexico, i'
Ivhich are rioh iiK'-''
BAR
nnnei. It is 500 mines nw of Mexico,
lian. 107 s w, lat. 26 o n<
BiirleTino, a town of Tufcany, at
the foot <^f the Apennines, on the river
Sieva, ti miles n of Florence.
Barlezieux, a town of France, in the
department of Charente, with a mine-
i-al fpring, and a manufadnre of linen
cloth. 'It is 4? miles ne of Bourdeaux.
Barbuda, one of the Leeward iflands,
in the W Indies, ao miles long and 10
broad. It has a good road for fijipping,
but no dire(fl trade to Britain. 'I ne in-
habitants (about 1500) are chiefly em-
ployed in railing corn, and breeding
cattle, for the ufc of the neighbonring
iflands. It is 35 miles n of Antigua.
I.on. 61 50 w, lat. 17 50 M.
Burhy, a town of Upper Saxony,
capital of a county of its name, with
an ancient caftle, and an academical
college, founded by the United Bre-
thren in 1754. It is feated on the Elbe,
15 miles SE of Magdeburg. Lon. i» 4
E, iat. 5» i N.
Burca, a country of Barbary, on the
s coaft of the Mediterranean, between
Tripoli and Egypt. The s part is a
barren defert, inhabited by wandering
Arabs. The N part along the coafts is
fertile and well peopled. It belongs to
the Turks, and is governed by a fan-
giac, dependant on the bafljaw, who
refides at Tripoli. Derna is th<> capital.
Barcelona, a city of Spain, capital of
Catalonia, and a bilhcp's fee, with a
good harbour, on the Mediterranean.
It is of an oblong form, defended by a
ftrong fort, called Montjuich, which
Hands on a rocky mouncain, a mile w
of the town. It has double walls on
the N and e, and the foa on the s, with
a mole for the fecurity of (hips. It is
divided into the new and old town, by
a wall and a ditch ; and the fea having
retired coiifiderably from the portgates,
a whole quarter of the town now ftands
on the fands that were once the bottom
of the harbour. It has a fine univer-
fity, an inquiiition, a cathedral with
two lofty towers, a palace for the vice-
roy, a large ej'.change, an extenfive
cannon foundery, an arfcnal- containing
arms for feveral thoufand men, and
docks for the building of gailies. T< is
a plate of great trad»s has curious
works Tn glafs, a-nl \».s fwords, knives,
jlioes, and blankets, are iti great repu-
tation. The inhabitants are computed
at more than 100,000. In 1705, it was
fake>\ \\y the earl of Peterborough,
at\t> A liege of three weeks. In 1706,
I'hilip V inverted it with a numerous
^m\y, but was obliged to raife the
Mcral
miles
BAR
fiegc. In 17 14,' it was taken by the
French and Spaniards, and a citadet
built to kei'p it in awe. It is ajo miles
E of Madri<l. Lon. 2 8 E, lat. 41 43 v-
BunvluiifltVf a town of France, in
the department of Lower Alps, feated
on the Hubaye, la miles se of Embrun.
Bnrcelitrc, or Bnrciira, a town of
Hindooftan, on the coaft of Canara,
which gives name to a diftri(ft, but has
been long in ruins. It is 40 miles nnw
of Mangalore.
Barcelos, a town of Portugal, in
Entre Douero e Minho, near the river
Cavado, 10 miles wsw of Bnga.
Baniewirji, a town of Lower Saxony,
in the duchy of Lunenburg, on the river
Ilmenvi, 17 miles se of Hamburg.
Banii, a town of Italy, in the Par-
meHin, with a magnificent caftle, 30
miles sw of Paraia.
Banlt, a to\t'n of Hither Pomerania,
with a caftle vind harbour, near the
Baltic, 1 5 miles w by .v of Stralfund.
Lon. 13 o E, hX. 54 dj^N.
Bar<y^esj a town of France, in the de-
partment of Upper Pyrenees, much
frequen*ed on ^account of it
baths. It is feated in a valle" ;
s of Tarbes.
Bareilli. See Bni/rrut/t.
Barelly. See Brrfilli/.
Burerilon, a town of France, in the
department of Manche, 40 miles ese
of Avranches.
Barjivnr, a town of France, in the
department of Maufhe. It was ruined
hf the Englifh in 1346, and the har-
bour filled up. The cape of that name
is I a miles e of Cherburg, and near it
part of the navy of France was deftroy-
ed by the Englifli in 1692. It is 175
miles NW of Paris. Loa. i 10 w, lat.
49 40 J4.
Barge, or Barnes, a town of Pied-
mont, feven mites s of Pineroia.
Jiiirgiizins/i, a town of Siberia, in the
government of Irkuiik, on the k fide
of the lake Baikal, at the influx of the
Barguzin, 170 miles n'nf. of Selenginlk.
Lon. 109 30 E, lat. 53 20 N.
Bar}, or 7'rrra di Bur'i, a province of
Naples, bounded on the n ami n e by
the uull' i)f Venice, se by Otranto, sw
by Bafilicat;i, and ; by Caoitanata.
The foi' is fertile; L .. there are many
tli iients and tarantulas. 3«x' TTuni.
liiiri, a feaport of Naples, capit.^1 of
Terra d' Bari, and an archbilhop's fee.
It is leated on the gulf of Venice, has a
good h.arhour, and is wei! fortified.
The trade principally confif^s in olives
and almonds. It is 26 miles e by r ot
Trani. Lon. 17 o e, !at- 41 is n*
/
R A R
Bar/oh, a town of l-'rance, in thr de-
partment of V.ir, 19 miles ssw of Ric/..
J{urlii»ir, a town in Essex, with a
ni.li Icct on itaturtluy. It was ceU'braled
for .1 m.ipniticont nnniiciy, of which a
gateway and part of thf walls are ftlll
vilihie. It is chiefly iKhabiletl hv fiflii-r-
nicn, and featcd on the river Kwdint;,
rrar tlie 'J'hainrs, fcvcn miles f. o( Lon-
don,
linrh/ta, a foaport of Naples, in
Bari. It has a large ftone pier, ai;d i
trade in corn, almonds, and fait. It is
ftMtcd on the gulf of Venice, 25 miles
wsw of Bari. Lon. i6 32 k, lat. 41
19 N.
HirmiiHlh, a fmall fcaport of Wales,
in Merionrtlifh re, with a market on
'J'ncfday and Friday for fifh an.i poul-
try. It has a good trade in flannel and
hofe, and is much frequented in the
bathing feafon. Jt ftands on a bay of llie
fame name, u miles s of Ildrleigh, and
::: Nw of London. Lon. j 58 w, lat.
52 44N-
Jionard Castli'. See limiard Cus/lr.
]i(ir}U'/,a Uiwn inHertfordfliire,with
n market on Monday. Near this place
was foni:ht, in 1471, the deeiiive battle
between the honies of York and I-^an-
CalUr; and at the meeting of the St.
Alhan and Hatfield roads is a column,
with an infcription, to commemorate
tins event. Barnct is ii miles n by w
of Lnnion.
liumrorlf, an iflnnd of S America,
to the s of Terra del Fuego. Lon. 6(>
58 ^s lat. 55 49 .s.
Jianm/rj;, a town in W Yorklhire,
with a niarki't on W'ednefday. Here
■in' confulerable inanufaL'lnres of coarfe
linen; and in the vicinity are m.iny
bleaching-gronnds, a glaf; maniit'aL'tiue.
and feveral coal mines, ll luiu a e inal
to the Cald(.r, and another to the Don ;
and is feated near the Dearnc, 19 miles
s of Leeds, and 172 n by w of Lon-
don.
lifirnstap/r, a feapoii and borough
in Devonshire, governed by a mayor,
with a market on Friday It had for-
merly a caflle, fnit none of the works
remain eycept the mount. Hen; are
mnnufiidines of tamniies, f!)alk)ons,
bai/.e, &c. and a variety of articles are
exported. It is feated, on the river
Taw, 12 miles e of Barnflaple iviy, in
tht Briftol channel, "35 nnw of E.xcttr,
and 192 w by s of London. Lor. 4 5
w, lat. 51 8 N.
Borns/aplr, a feaport of ^Infiliclni-
ftts, chief town of a county < 'he fanie
name. It is feated on a bay, on the s
lide of the pcninfula of Cape Cod, 07
B A S
miles sF. of Bofton. Lon.. 70 10 Vf]f)ii
41 •!« N. . ' ■ , '\
Bitroacfi, a town atiq fortrefi of Ilm.
dooltan, in. Gn/erat, with conlideral)lc
mamifaiaures of cotton; feated on the
N bank of the Nerbudda, 4c miles N
by K of Sural. Lon. 7a 55 K, lat. 21
45 N-
Jiarrnur, a fortrcfg of France, in the
department of Ifcre, at the entrance of
the valley of OreHvauden, and on the
river Ifere, fix miles s of Chambe rry.
Jianr, a town of Mairaehufets, in
Worcellcr county, noted for its butter
and cheefe, 24 miles nw of Worcefle'r.
liunon'j a river of Ireland, which
vifes in the n part «)f Queens county,
and flows s, by Athy, Carlow, and
New Rofs, into Waterford harbour.
Jimrou , a village in lA'ic(!llerfliire,
on the river Soar, two miles n of
Mountfinrel. It has for centuries been
famed for a very fine lime, in particular
requeft for works in water, and is ex-
ported in large quantities.
Barthiilomrw, a fmall ifland .in the
Pacific ocean, one of the New HcbrideB.
Lon. 167 18 E, lat. 13 42 s.
Bart holom PIC f Si. one of the Caribber
iflands, in the W Indies, 24 miles in
circumference, and 25 n of St. Chrif-
topher. The French ceded it to tin-
Swedes in 1785;, and it was taken by
the Britifli in 1801. The chief exports
are drugs and lignum vif x ; and it has a
good harbour. Lon. 6j 40 w, lat. 17
46 N.
Barton, a town in Lincohifliire, with
a market on Monday. It has two large
churches, ar.d was formerly a conli-
dorable place, furroundtd by a rampai;
and fols, the remains of which. are yet
vilihle. Four miles ese are the nobk'
ruins of 'I'hornton abbey. Barton is
feated on the Ilumber, over which is a
ferry into Yorkfliire, _;4 miles K of l-iii-
colii and 167 of London.
Ihrnth, a town of Lufatia, on tlic
frontiers of Brandenburg, 20 milv'S :' h]
t of Polfdam.
Jill III ll, a town ofSyria, with a Chrif-
tian clurch, ^o miles ne ofSeyda.
litisar/silii(/{, a town of Europfm
'I'urkey, in Komania. It has a gnat I
trade, and is feated on the river Merits |
Lon. 24 40 K, lat- 4:11) N'.
J}a>r/, or liusli , a canton of SwifTcr-
land, 14 miles long and 2\ bro;id;|
bounded on the n by Brifgan, i" by thi'
I'oreft towns, s by tlie eaii'.on of Sd-
It ure, and w by the biiliopric of B.^fi'll
and France. It contains about .^8/ "'[
inliabitants, and is of the CalviiiilX K-
ton. 70 ip yft]f,U
»4 fortrefb of Hin-
with contuleral)lc
on ; leatcd on the
ludila, 40 miles k
I. -a 55 E,lal. Ji
8 of France, in llic
, at the (Entrance ol
aiiden, and on the
s of Chambf iiy.
f IVlairachufeto, in
loled fcr its biitUr
NW of Worct'fter.
of Irdand, whicii
of Quet'ns county,
Uhy, Carlow, and
terford harbour. _
e in Leic»!llt'rfhire,
•, two milfs N of
IS for cHituries bern
lime, in particular
n water, and is ex-
ntiticR.
fmall iHard.in the
f the New Hcbridi-H.
13 42 s.
. one of the Caribhec
Indies, 24 miles in
. 15 N of St. Chrif-
ich ceded it to tin-
Hid it was taken by
. The chief export?
m vita: ; and it has u
63 40W,lat. 17
in
ly.
\
Lincolnfliire, with
It has two large
formerhy a cdhIi-
jundtd by a rainpavt
lis of which, are yet
s ESE are the nobk'
abbey. Barton is
ber, over which is a
, _5 4 miles N of i 'Hi-
ndi )n.
of LuHuia, on tbc
nburg, 20 miles ^^ hy
ifSyria, with a Chrif-
cs NK of Seyda.
town i)f Europe '!l I
Ilia. It has n gn:" j
on tlie river Mcritz-
.1') i^'-
a canton of SwiflVr-
nil}; and 2\ bro;Hi;|
by Brifgan, i- by tl.<'
y 'the can '.on of So-
,e bilhopiic of B.lf'I
ontains abont .18.'" |
of the Calviiiill i"*-'-
B A S
fiairl, a bifliopric (till lately) in the
NW part of Swiderland; hounded on
the e by the canton of Bafel, s by that
of .Soleur<', «nd w and n by Trance,
'i'hc bilhop was a prince of the (ierman
empire. In 1798, the French fci/.cd on
this territory, annexed it to France, and
made it a new department, called Mont
'JVrrihIe.
liasrl, the capital of the canton of
the lame name, and the larged town in
vSwifTcrland. It is furroumled by thick
walls flanked by towers and baflions;
and is divitied into two parts by the
Hhiiie, wiiich communicate by a hand-
lome bridge. The largelt part is on the
liile of Swillerland, and the leall on that
of C-ermany . 'i'he larger has ti ve gates,
lix fuburbt), numerous ftreets and foun-
tains, and is partly feated on a hill: the
other Itards on a plain, and has but two
gates, with feveral ftix.ets and fountains.
The principal churcli is an elegant Go-
thic building, but disfigured by rofe-co-
joured paint iprcad over the whole t-di-
iiee. Under a marble tomb in it, is in-
terred the great Erafmus. The town-
houfe, and fine paintings in frefco, are
much admired- The univerfity, fotmd-
t^'il in 1459, has a fine library, and a rich
cabinet of medals. The clocks h<ix'
xie always an hour loo fall ; becaufe
the town-elock went fo on a day ap-
point''xl to murder the magiftrates, by
whieli the confpiiacy was diiconeerted.
J$.ifi:l has fev*;ral manufacfunis, particu-
larly of paper, ribands, and cottons ;
and it carries on an extiMiUve trade.
Three treaties of peace were conehubfd
hi:re in one year, 1705, with the Freneli
lepuhlic; naim-iy, by I'rnllia, Soain,
and Ilelle CalVil. Bafel is eapab'le of
containing 100,000 inhabitants; but the
tiumbcr is fcarcely more than 14,000.
It is 174 mil.es n by >■: of Oeueva, and
^50 E by s of I'aiis. Lou. 730 ic, lat-
a7 }$ ^■
llnxlur, an ill Hid ill till' China Tea,
t'.-.e moll ratlern i>f a chiller e.^lled, from
tlus, the Hallue il).in\K lying \\\ the s of
TonnoJa. The inodwclions are plau-
;;iins, Iwnanas, pineappk's, Aigar-canes,
jHitatoes, yams, and cotton. The qua-
drupeds are goats aijd hogs. Ballice is
of a circular form, lix miles in dia-
meter, and has a town of the Cmie
name. I.on. 121 50 k, lat. lo 30 n.
Hnsi;;<(i/a, ,\ provinet' of N.iples,
hounded on the .v by Capitanata and
liari, K by tlu' gulf of Taranta, .•* by
Calabria Citeriorc, and s* by Principato
CftiTure and Uberiore. It has Ibme
mountnins continually covered with
fiiuw, but is fertile ni coin, wine, oil,
B A S
cotton, honey, and fatHon. Acevcri;{a
is the capital.
iinsilipolamo, a river of European
Turkey, in tho Morea, which flows
into the gulf of Colocythia. It vv.is
called Enrotes by the ancients.
]iusinfrst')(i(\ a corporate town in
Ilamplhire, with a market on Wednef-
day. It has i great trade in C(H"n and
malt, a manuia<5lure of druggeta and
ihallooiis, and a navigable canal to tht;
river VVey, near its entrance into the
Thames. It is i5J miles nne of Win-
chefter, and 45 w by s of London.
Jiasijucs, a late territory of France,
which included LowiT Navarre, La-
bourd, and Soule, and now foilns, with
Beam, the department of Lower Pyre-
nees.
Jiiisnf an infiilated rock near the co.nft
of Scotland, at the entrance of the frith
of Forth, between the towns of N Bv.r-
wiek and Dunbar. On the s Qile it is
almoil conic ; ou the other it overlings
the Tea in a tremendous m.mner. It is
inaccenible on all lidi-s, excipt the s^v,
and there it is with diflicuily a man
can climb up by the help of a rope or
ladder. In May and June it is quite
covered with the nells, eggs, and young
birds of the gannets, or iblan gecfe.
The rock is one mile in circumference,
and has a rabbit warren, and p.^n:un'
for a few flieep. A«ruiiuuri caflle,
ouce the Hate prifon of Scotland, lland,j
at tlie edg(' of the precipice- The gar-
rifon, in 1694, furrendered to king Wil-
liam, and the fortifications were de-
moliiiied.
Jiass Strait, a channel about 40
leagues wide, whicli feparates Van Die-
men I,and from the s extremity of
New Holland. It contains a chani of
fmall illand.H t'lat run n and s. This
II rait w.;is uifcovered, in 179H, by fur-
geon Bafs, in an open whalebo.it, and
palled through by him and lii-'Utenaut
I'lindi.'js, in the Norfolk, in '799.
liii.'.saiio, a town of Italy, in \'icen-
tino, on the river Brenta, in a country
pro;bnJlive of excellent wine and oil.
The French defeated the Auftrians at
thi.^ place in 179''. It is 18 miles .n of
Vicen/a.
Jhiss,\ a town of Fra'nce, in the tie-
partnu-nt of Nord, formerly of great
llrength, but difmantled by Lewis xi v.
It is featid on the Deule, i8 miles sw
of Li fie.
i;«.v.>fv)(, a t.uvn of Ilndooftan, i.i
the country ot Baglana. It was tnk.ni
by the Engliih in 1780, but reRored <.o'
hr Mdirattas in 1783. It Hands on the
leucoaft, (.ppylitc the Nw point of-t':vi
B A S
iITAnd of S.tlf'tte, lo miles v of Bim-
bay. Lon. 71 40 E, Lit. 19 lo n.
Bassentlucailc-waler, a lake in Cum-
berland, throe miles nw of Kefwick.
It is fout miles long, bounded on one
fide by high hills, wooded, in many
places, to their bafcs ; on the otht-r, by
the fields and the (kirts of Skiddaw.
The river Derwent flows through its
vholc length.
Basseterre, the capital of St. Chrlf-
topher, built by the French, when this
part of the iflaud was in their poiref-
fion, before it was ceded to the Englifh
in 17I.V It iR fituatc on the se end of
th« iflan4, has a conliderablc trade, and
is defended by three forts. Lon. 63 1.11
w, lat, 17 10 V.
Banscfcirc, the capital of Cuada-
loupe, on the sw part of the i.n.ind,
defended by a citadel an<l other fortifi-
cations. Lon. 61 59 w, lat. 15 59 n.
Basfien, or Persum, a city of Pegu,
capital of the province of Bi/lien. It
is a trading place, fituate on a river of
the fame name, which is the w branch
of the Irrawaddy, 110 miles sw of
Pegu. Lon. 94 53 E,lat. 16 5-: n.
Bassora, or Basra, a city and feaport
of Afiatic Turkey, in Irac Arab! It
Itands cm the Euphrates, a canal from
wl),ich divides the* city into two parts,
and over it is a bridge of boats. Mer-
chants of Arabia, Turkey, Armenia,
and Greece, and many Jews and In-
dians refide here ; the Englilh and
Dutch have their confuls, and their
fliips come loaded with all the mer-
chandife of India, which are conveyed
hence to Bagdad, Aleppo, Conftanti-
nople, and even to the Mediterranean
fhore. The neighbor.ring countries
furnifti alfo merchandife for exchange ;
the moft confidcrable of which are the
ancient copper of Perfia, pearls, grain,
dates, wine, and dry fruits. Baflbra
belongs rather to the' Arabs than the
Turks ; the language of the former is
chiefly fpoken, and their prince pays
but little refpeft to the Ottoman court.
The number of inhabitants is computed
to be 50,000. The city is furroundcd
"by a wall of clay, faid to be fix miles in
circumference : the ftreets are bad and
narrow, and the houfos, conftruded of
bricks, hive a mean afpedt. It is 35
miles NW of the mouth of the Eu-
phrates in the gulf of Perfia, and 260
sw of Ifpahan. Lon. 47 45 e, lat. 30
Bastia, a feaport of European Tur-
key, in Albania, oppolite the idand of
Corfu, at the mouth of tlje Calamy.
Lcn. 20 20 J", lat. 39 40 N.
tl A T
Bafin, a city of Corfica, capital of
the illand, with a good harbour and a
ftrong caftle. It was 'iken by the
Engliil., in 1794. It h 80 miles s.*w
of Leghorn. Lon. 9 20 E, lat. 4] iK v.
Bastimrnfos, fmall ifiands near the
ifthmus of Darien, at the entrance of
the bay of Nombrc de Dios, with a
fort, and .1 good harbour. Lon. 79 45
w, lat. 9 30 N.
Bnstir^w, a city of the Netherlands,
in I.uxemlniip, near the forVlt of y^v-
dcnnes. It wss fortified by the French
in 1688, and commonly known among
them by the name of Paris in .Ardenues.
It is 23 miles nn \v of Luxemburg. Lon.
5 51 F, lat. 50 o N.
/{iifirapn/.'ana, a town of Hindooftnn,
in Myfore, with a fort ;ind a celeljr.ilid
mofque, 60 miles k by m of Nngara.
Bntdhano, a town on the s coad of
Cuba, fituate on the n fide of a larire
bay, oppofite Pinos ifljnd, ^^ miles
ssw of Havanna. Lon. 8z o w, lat.
23 20 N.
Balacola, a town on the e coafl of
Ceylon, with a fmall fort, and a har-
bour that admits of fmall craft. It is
65 miles 8 by E of Trincomale.
Bataiha, a town of Portugal, in Ef-
tremadura, celebrated for its rich mo-
naftery^, founded, in 1386, by John i,
who is interred here, with hi." queen
Philippa. It is eight miles bsw of
Leiria.
Bataserh, 3. town of Lower Hungary,
on the Danube, 70 miles s of Buda.
Lon. 19 20 E, lat. 46 15 N.
Butavia, the ancient name of an
illand in Holland, whence the Dutch
are fometimes called Bataviaus. See Be-
tUK'C.
Butavia, a city and feaport on the
N E part of the ifl.md of Java, capital of
all the Dutch fettlements in the E In-
dies. The fort is built of coral rock,
brought from fome of the adjouiiiig
iflands, and has a fortification of brick.
A part of the town wall is built of
denfe lava from the mountains in the
centre of Java. No ftone, of any kind,
is to be found for many miles beyond
this city; but marble and granite are
brought here from China. The har-
bour is excellent, and there are canals in
the principal ftreets, planted on each
fide with trees. Batavia contains a
prodigious number of inhabitants, of
every coiuitry in thefe parts. It has a
hindfome hofpital and arferial ; and all
the goods brought from other parts of
the E Indies are laid tip here, till they
are exported to their pi,ices of deAina
tion. 'Ihe city is fituate on fvvamps
fVft^
I on the E coaft of
ill fort, and a har-
F fmall craft. It is
'rincomale.
of Portugal, in Ef-
ed fi)r its rich mo-
t\ 1386, by John i,
?re, with hi? queen
ight miles asw of
of Lower Hungary,
5 miles s of Buda.
6 15 N-
cit.-nt name of an
whence the Dutch
Batavians. Seeii<'-
iiid fcaport on the
i of Java, capital of
mcnts in the E In-
milt of coral rock,
_ of the adjoiiiiiig
Irtification of brick,
n wall is built of
mountains in tlit-
Hone, of any kind,
any miles beyond
le and granite are
China. The har-
. there are canals in
, planted on each
latavia contains a
of inhabitants, of
fe parts. It has a
|nd arfepal ; and all
"rom other parts of
:\ up here, till tlity
places of deftina
fittiate on fwamps
BAT
and ftagnant pools, which, with the
fogs and climate, render the air fo
unwholefome, that it is reprefented as
the grave of Europeans, I.on. ic6 54
E.lat. 6 II s.
Jtntr'fi; a town of Hiudooflan, on
th'.' cw" of Canira. The country pro-
duces 1 threat <|uantity of pcpp<'r. It is
20 niilfs N of lUrcelore.
Biitli, a city in Sonieifetfhir:', go-
verned by a mayor, with a market on
Wodnefday and Saturday. It has been
famous, from the time of the Romans^
for its hot fprinj^s, which are not only
ufed as b.iths, but internally as a me-
dicine ; and gn-at benefits are derived
from them in gouty, paralytic, bilious,
and other cafes. The reputation of
thefe waters has {o much increafed,
that Bath is become the principal rc-
fort, next to the metropolis, for the
nobility and gentry, and the conftant
rclideiice of many opulent invalids, as
well as of numerous votaries of diffi-
pation. Tile poor who come here to
drink the waters, may be received into
a magnificent hofpital. The baths are
diifinguilhcd by the names of the Crofs,
the ilot, the King, the Queen, the
Corporation, and the duke of King-
fton bath. This city Joined with
VV'ells, conftitute one biniopric- The
cathedral was the church of a mo-
naftery; and there are eight pari.'h
chinches, befide chapels and meeting-
houft's. Bath exceeds every town in
England in jplendour and elegance of
biiiidiiigs; they being conllruded of a
vhite Itone, and many of them quite
op(;n to th't country. The number of
inhabitants in 1801 was 32,200. It is
il'ated on the Avon, which is navigable
hence to Briftol, 13 mile* tsK of Bri-
flol, and 106 w of London, l^on. 2 ci
w, lat. 51 22 N.
Bulli, a town of the diftrift of Maine,
in. Lincoln county, on the w fide of the
Kennebec, 13 miles sw of WifcaflH.
lindi, a town of Virginia, in Berke-
ley county, noted for its warm fprings.
It is fituate at the foot of a motmtain,
45 miles N E of Alexandria.
Bdfli. a town of Virginia, chief of a
county of the fame name. It is note<l
for its hot medicinal fprings, near the
foot of a mountain, and iituate near
Jackfon river, a branch of the James,
ip miles w of Fredericfburg. Lon. 80
lo w,lat. 38 10 N.
Bath, a town of New York, in
Stfuhen county, fcatcd near the fonrce
of the Tioga> 42 miles se of VVilliamf-
buri:.
JJaiha. See jBacA.
B A V
Bnthgaff, a town of Scotland, in
Linitihgowfliire, ly miles w by s of
Edinburg.
Rttinn, or Batlitiln, a town of Hin-
dooftan, in the jjrovincc of Moultan»
150 miles fcsE of Moultan«and 170 NW
of Agimere.
halo, one of the Ladrone iflandii-
Lon. 142 o E,lat. now.
Biitoa, a fmall ill md in the Indian
ocean, near -the w fide of bumatra, ofi
the e(]iiinudial line, in lon. 98 r t..
huiienhur-iy a town of Holland, In
Gelderland, with a caftle on the n ban k
of the .\lcufe, 10 miles sw of Ninfe*'
gufn.
JJutfathurfr, a town and caftle of
Germany, in Upper Heflc, feated tju
the Eder, 14 miles n of Marburg.
Ballcrsrit, a village in Surry, foiur
miles wsw of London. Here was tihe
fe.it of the St. Johns, where the fam«U8
lord Bolingbroke was born, and di«d.
On the fite of it now ftand adiftilltjry
and a horizontal air-mill for grindimg
malt. Here is a timber bridge over the
Thames to Chelfea.
Batfiro/a, a fmall fortrefs on the B
fide of Ceylon, built by the Dutch. It
is of great impfiitatice, on account of
the extreme iertility of the adjacent
country, which, during a war, or times
offcarcityin thediftria of Trincomale,
can fupply the garrii'ons there with all
kinds of provifions. [t furrendertid to
the Englilh in 1:96; p.iid is fituate at
the head of a deep bay, 54 miles sse of
Trincomale,
Bnittr, a town in Suirex, with a
market on Thurfday. Near this phicc
William duke of Normandy defeated
Harold king of England, ill ro66, andia
memory of this vidory he founded here
an abbey, which fiom its remains appears
to have been magnificent. This town is
famous for a manufadure of gun-
powder. It is 24 miles E of Lewts,
and 56 SE of London.
Battlefield, a village in Shropfliire,
five miles n of Shrewfbury. Here the
decifive vidory was gained by Henry
IV, over Henry Percy, furnamed Hot-
fpur.
BatuciiUa, a town of Hindooftan, in
Canara, with two mofqucs, and upward
of feventy temples. It is feated near
the mouth of the Sancada, which waters
abeautiful valley, 27 miles NNWof Kun-
dapura.
Bavnria, a circle of Germany, bound*
ed on the w by Suabia, n w by Franco-
nia, NE by Boi:eiiiia, E by Auftria and
Stiria, and s by Carinthia and Tyrol. It
contains Bavaria Proper, the palatinate
-Ai .i»
IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)
1.0
I.I
11.25
1^128 |2.5
jso ■^" RMHi
■^ 1^ 12.2
1^ Ids 112.0
III
1.4
1.6
h
/
Photographic
Sciences
Coiporation
23 WIST MAIN STREET
MEBSTER.N.Y. 14580
(716) 87^-4503
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BAU
4if Bavaria, the principalities of Ratiflion,
Freifengen, and PalTau, and the duchies
of Neuberg, Sulzbach, and Salz-
burg. '
' Bavaria Proper^ a dachy, and the
principal part, of the circle of Bavaria.
Jt is 1C5 miles long and 87 broad, and
fiivided into Upper and Lower Bavaria.
Toward the s the country is mountain-
ous, interlVifled with tbreds, lakes,
moralTeS, and paftures ; and toward the
N are largo plains which produce plenty
of com : there are likewife many fait
vMjrks, medicinal fprings and baths,
mlnei; of copper, filver, and le^d, and
quarrik^B of excellent marble. The prin-
ci|>al rivers are the Danube, Inn, Ifer,
and Nab. The inhabitants are deemed
the moft zealous catholics in Earope.
TLj capital is Munich.
Bivarittn Pal-atinale ofy a duchy,
fotnetimes calKxl Nordf^au, from its
fituation »n the n part of the circle of
Bavaria, and fometimes the Uppei- Pa-
latinate, to diflinguifh it from the late
p^atinate of tho ^hine, often called
thfi Lower Palatinate. It is very fertile,
and watered by the Nab, and feveral
fmalier rivers. The capital is Amberg.
Bavay, a town of Fr^ce. :i« the de-
partment of Nord. It was tJiken by the
Audrians in 179s, but recovered the
fa^ne year. It is flx miles ne of Quef-
nay, and 12 s\ of Mons.
liauge, a town of France, in the ue-
parcment of Mayenne and Loire, fcated
on the Coefnon, 18 miles e of Angers.
Bnnlca/i, a town of Hindooftan, in
Bengal, on the left bank of the Danube,
32 miles NEof Moorlhcdabad.
Baume Ics yones, a town of Fraiice,
in the department of Doubs. It has a
nunneiy, from which it received its ap-
pellation ; and is feated on the Doubs,
15 miles NK of Befangon.
Bauntan Islands, three iflands in the
Pacific ocean, difcovered by Ba'iman, a
Dutchman, who accompanied llogge-
win, in 1 7»« • They are covered with fruit
trees, and divers forts of vegetables.
The inhabitants are numerous, and arm-
ed with bows and aiTows ; but of a gen-
tle and humane difpofition, and friendly
to ftrangcrs. The largeft illand is about
%t miles in circumferet)ce. Lon. 170 o
■w, lat. 14 o s.
. Bausk, orBautftOf^tovrn of Courland,
on the frontiers of Poland, with a caftle
on a rock. It is feated on the Mufza,
^5 miles sE of Mittau.
BaiUzeti, or Bndiascn, the capital of
Upper Lufatiai with a citadel on a rock,
called Ortenburg. The trade arifing
from various tnanufadures is confidiU'-
BAY.
able. It ftands on the river Sprte,' joj
miles E by N of Drefden. Lon. 14 30 e,|
lat. 51 lo H. ' I
Baiix, a town of France, io thede.!
partment of Mouths of the RhoucJ
feated on a rock,. at the top of which ii|
a caftle, lomilcij e by N of Aries.
Bawtri/j a town in W Yorkftirr,!
with a market on Saturday. It has 1
trade in lead, millftones, and grindftoncs;
and is fcated on the river Idle, nine miles I
u by E of Doncafter, and 153 K of Lon.
don.
Baya, or Ba.ja, a town of Lower I
Hungary, on the Danube, 33 miles n ut'
EflTek.
Baya, a feaport of. Guinea, on the I
Gold coaft, 60 miles ese of Acra. I
Lon. I 50 E, lat. 5 45 N.
Buyamn, a town in the e part of|
Cuba, on the river Efti*ro, which forms
a bay on the coaft, 20 rr iles below the |
tow 1. It gives name to a channel, be.
tween Cuba and the iflands called the I
Qtjeens Gardsns, and i's 80 miles wsw |
of St. Jago. Lon. 77 »o w, lat- 20 4s n.
Bayrrsdorf, a town of Franconia, in I
the principality of Bayreuth, with a feat
of juftice and a large fynagogu«>, feated |
on the Rednitz, four miles n of Eriang,
Bayeux, a town of France, i,n the dc- 1
partment of Calvados, and a biihop's
lee. The cathedral is very noble, and
there are feventeen other churches. The
chief trade is in leather. It is feated on
the river Aure, four miles from the
Englifli channel, and 140 w by Nof|
Paris. Lon. o 41 vv, lat. 49 17 n.
Bayon, a town of France, in the de- 1
partment of Meurthe, on th^ river Mo- 1
felle, i» miles s of Nancy.
Bayona, a town of Spain, in Callicia, I
on a fmall gulf of the Atlantic, with a
convenient harbour> iz miles w by n* of
Tuv.
iiayovne, a city and feaport of France, |
in the department of Lower Pyrenees,
and a bilhop's fee. The Nive and I
Adour unite their ftreams in the mid*
die of the city, and proceed to the fea,
at the diftance of a mile. The iirft,
which is deeper an4 more rapid than the {
Adour, divides the town into two un-
equal parts, the fmalleft of which is called I
the Bourgneuf, or new town. They
have a communication by three timber
bridges. A bank of fand, at the mouth
of the Adour, renders the entrance uf
the harbour difficult. The citadel is the
ftrongeft in France ; and the cathedral
is remarkable for the height of the nef,
and the delicacy of the pillars which
fupport it. The military weapon, the
bayonnct^ bears the name of tliis city, in
Lr..ativ
B A Y.
ds on the river Sprfce," jJ
3fDrefd€n. Lon. 14 30E f
» I
ivn of France, io thede-
Mouths of the Rhoue,
:k, at the top of which ii
Icd F. by N of Aries,
town in W York/hire,
: on Saturday. It ha»a|
lillftones, and grindftoncs,
n the river Idle, nine niiies |
cafter, and 153 N of Lon.
5a;a, a town of Lower!
lie Danube, js miles n of |
port of Guinea, on the I
60 miles EiE of Acra.
It. 5 45 N.
town in the e part of I
•iver Eftero, which forms
oaft, »o IT ilea below the f
8 name to a channel, be.,
id the iflands called tht
IS, and i's 80 miles wsw 1
in. 77 «o w, lat- 20 4;;}).
a town of Franconia, in
of Bayreuth, with a feat
large fynagoguc, feated
, four miles n of Erlang.
wn of France, in thedc-
alvados, and a bilhop'sl
:dral is very noble, and
sen other churches. The
leather. It is feated on
, four miles from the
I, and 140 w by N of I
»» w, lat. 49 17 N.
?n of France, in the de-
urthe, on th? river Mo-
of Nancy.
en of Spain, in Callicia,
of the Atlantic, with a
)ur, x2 miles wbyxof
Y and feaport of France, |
It of Lower Pyrenees,
fee. The Nive andi
ir ftreams in the mid-
nd proceed to the fea, I
)f a mile. The firft, |
n4 more rapid than the
he town into two im- 1
lalleft of which is called
or new town. They
cation by three timber
of fand, at the moutli
nders the entrance of
lit. The citadel is the
e; and the cathedral
the height of the nef,
of the pillars whicJi
military weapon, the
ic name of this city, in
B E A\ _
thich it was invented. Th^ chocolate.
■Bsyonne is famous; ryid it ajfq ex-
forts wines, woollen cloths, fijks, cdt-
lons, 5cc. The chief trade arifes out of
ts relation with Spjiin; and it ii a kind
bf emporium for the merchandife of
Ihat country. It is 15 miles sw of Dax,
nd 4:' 5 s by w of Paris. Lon. 1 19 w,
at. 43 »9 ^'
BaypouTt a town of Hindooilan, in
[he province of Malabar, on a river
capable of receiving veflels of 40Q tons.
It is 15 miles s bjr e of Calicut.
Bayrculh, a city of Franconia, ca-
jitalofa principality of the fame name,
yith a palace, a fine caftle, and a famous
college. Near it, forming a kind of fub-
Lirb, is the town of Georgen, which has
I large caftle, a manufacture of excellent
)ro\vn and white porcelain, and a houfe
[of corredlion, in which the marble of
[the country is poGflied by means of a
nachine. In 1783, the archives of the
Iprincipality were "brought to Bayreuth
jfrom Plaflenburg ; fee Culmlach : and
lia 1791, the niargravate of Bayreuth,
jwith that of Anfpach, was abdicated by
jthe reigning prince, in favour of the king
[of Pruffii. Bayreuth is 3a miles e of
[Bamberg. Lon. 1 1 44 e, lat- 49 55 n.
Baza, a town of Spain, in Granada,
[felted on the Guadalantin, ai miles
[ENEof Guadix.
Bazas, a town of France, in the de-
1 partment of Gironde, and lately an epif-
j copal fee. It is feated on a rock, five
; miles from the river Garonne, and 4a se
! of Bourdeatix. Lon. caw, lat. 44 aa n.
Bmchij Heady the higheft promontory
on the s coaft of England, between
[ Haflings and Seaford. Lon. c 20 e, Ut.
150 44N.
Beacons field, a town in Buckingham*
■ fhire, with a market on Thurfday. The
[poet Waller lived here, and is interred
in the churchyard. It is feated on a
[iiill, 23 miles WNW of London.
Bmniimtcry a town in Dorfetfhire,
' V. ith a market on Thurfuay, and manu-
I f.i'.^ure8 of canvas, iron, and copper.
I'l'liis place fiiffered greatly by fire in
1 781. It is 15 miles WNW of Dorchefter,
[and ijia w by s of London.
Ihimiy a late province of France, 40
miles loni^ and 30 broad ; bounded on
^ the E by Bigorre, s by Spaiiifh Navarre,
w by Snuieandapart of LowerNavarre,
and N by Galcoiiy .ind Armagnac. The
plains ire fertile, efpecially in paftures,
and the hills are loaded with vines. It
now forms, with Hafques, the depart-
xw^t of Lower Pyrenees.
Brnf, St. a town of France, in the
department of Upper Garonne, the
BBA '
h'otifes built of marble, there hdng no
other ftone in the neighbourhood. It '
is feated on the Garonne, it miles she
of St. Bertrand.
Beauvaire, a town of France, !if fihe
department of Gard, on the Rhone,
oppofite Tarafcon, with which, it has a
communication by a bridge of boats.
Much trade is carried on here, and its
annual fair, held for fix days, is one of
the naoft famous in Europe. It ik xi
miles e of Nifmcs.
Beaucc, a late province of France,
between the Ille of France, Blafois, anct^
Orleanois. It is fo fertile in wheat, that
it is called the granary of Paris. It now
forms the department of Eure and Loiiv.
Beaufort, a diftriA of S Carolina,
which lies on the f?acoaft between Com«
bahee and Savanna rivers. The n part
has forefts of cyprefs ; and the lands
produce rice, indigo. Sec
Beaufort, a feaport of S Cardlina,
chief town ofadillridt of the fame hame.
The courts formerly held here are now
removed to Coofawatchie. It has a fafe
and commodious harbour; and is fituate
on the ifland of Port Royal, 73 miles
sw of Charlefton. Lon. 80 54 wj lat.
32 12 N.'
Beaufort, a feaport of N Carolina*
chief town of Carteret cotmty. It is
fituate on the, ne fide of Core found,
55 miles ssE of Newbern. Lon. 77 10
w, lat. 34 38 K.
Beaufort, a town of Fnlnce, in the
department of Mayenne and I^oire,
with a caftle, 15 miles e of Angers.
Beaufttrty a town ef S<»voy, on the
river Oron, 'i» miles ne of Moutier. ,
Beaugency, a town of France, in the
department of Loire, famous for its
wines; feated on the river Loire, fix
miles w of Orleans.
Beaujeu, a town of France, in tlie
department of Rhone, with an ancient
caftle ; feated on the Ardiere, at the
foot of a'mountaini 13 miles nnw of
Villefranche.
Bemijolois, a late province of France,
30 rfiiles long and 34 broad. It lies n
of the Lyonois, and both of them now
form the department of Rhone
Beaulei/y a river of Scotland, in' In-
vemefsfliire, formed by the union of
the rivulets Farrar, Cannich, and Glafs,
on the borders of Rofslhire. It takes
a NK courfe, and after forming the falls
of Kilmorack and other cafcades, flows
to the town of Beauley, where it cntcr^
the head of Murray frith. ^
Bennleyy a town of Scotland, in In-
verncfilhire, at the mouth of the river
Bcauley, 12 miles w of Invernefs.
BEC '
^ BeoMlieuti village in Hampfliire« en a
riyer of its name, fix miles ssw of South-
a ropton. It has a manufadure of coarfe
facking; and on the oppofite fide of
the river are the remains of its famous
* abbey, founded by king John.
Beaulieu, a town of France, in the
departntent of Indre and Loire, fituate
on the Jndre, oppoiite Laches.
Beaumarchez, a town of France, in
the depgrtment of GerSi 13 miles w of
iKlirande.
Bsawnem, a, borough of Wales, capi-
tal of Anglefey, governed by a mayor,»
lyith a market on Wedncfday and Sa-
turday. It ftands.on theilrait of Menai,
was fortified, with a caftle by Edward r,
and has a good ^arbour. It is 59 miles
w by N of Cheder, and 251 Nw of
London. Lon. 4. 15 w, lat. 53 15 n.
Beaumont, a town of France, in the
department of No id, feated between the
Maefe and oambre, 10 miles £ of
M^u^uge.
Beaumont de Lomagne, a town of
France, in the department of Upper
Garonne, feated on the Gimone, la
iniles s£ of LeAoure*
Beaumont le Roger, atownot France,
in the department of Lower Seine, xt
mites sw of RQuen,
Beaumont le P'icomte,^ town of France,
in the department of Sarte, 10 miles if
of Mans.
Beaumont sur Oise, n town of France,
in the department of Seine and Oife, on
the river Oife, ao miles n of Paris.
BroTine, a town of France, in the de-
partment of C6te d'Or, remarkable for
its excellent wine. It is 95 miles ssw
of Dijon.
Beauvaisf a city of France, capita^ of
the department of Oife, and lately an
epifcopal fee. The cathedral is admir-
ed for its fine architecture; and the
chnrch of St. Stephen is remarkable for
its curious windows. It was befieged
in 1463, by the duke of Burgundy, at
the head of 80,000 men, wbvn the
women, under the conduct of Jean de
Hachctte. obliged the duke to raife the
fiege. The inhabitants carry on a good
trade in beautiful tapeftry. It is feated
on the Thefin, 4a miles n of Paris.
Lon. a 5 E, Jat. 49 36 n.
Bcauvoiry a town of France, in the
department of Vendee, on the bay of
BiCcay, ^aroilesN kw of Sables d'Olonne.
Beblingen, a town of Suabia, in the
duchy of Wirtemberg. with a caftle on
a hill, 10 miles nw of Stntgard.
Bee, a town of France, in the depart-
ment of Lower Seine, with a noble Be*
ncdidtine abbey^ tS miles sw. of Rouen.
BED
Becclei, ^ corporate town in SfifTolV,
with a market on Saturday. It l}asa
noble cl^urch, with, a lofty ftefple ; 9n4
a grammar fchool, endoweid with )<>
fcholarfliips for Emanuel college^ Caihr
bridge. It is feated on the Wavency,
12 ri^iles $w of yanmoiuh, and 109 ut
of London.
Bechin, a tow'n of Bohemia, capital
of a circle of the fameqame, in which
are feveral medicinal fpriii^S and mines
of fait- It has an ancient fortified caf.
tic, and (lands on the riyer Laufnitz, d
miles s by w of Prague. Lon. 14 a8 e,
lat. 49 18 N.
Beckum, a town of Weftphalia, in the
principality of Munfter, at the fource
of the Verfe, ao miles se of Munfter.
Bedale, a town in N Yorklhire, with
a market on Tuefday, 10 miles se of j
Richmond, and aaa nnw of London.
Bedarieux, a town of France, in the |
department of Herault, with a manu.
fa^ure of druggets, and other woollen |
iluffs ; feated un the Orbre, 16 miles k
ofBeziers.
Beddington, a village in Surry, two]
miles w of Croydon. Here ie Bedding.
toU'park, one of the many laid to have I
been the refidence of queen Elifabeth.
The church is a Gothic pile, with ftallt |
in the aides, like a cathedral.
Bedcn, or Bcding, a village in Suf.|
fex, 13 miles w of Lewis, near a river of |
its name, which enters the Englifh chao-|
nel, at New Shoreham.
Beder, a town of France, in the dp-
partment of Ille and Vilaine, 10 miles |
wNw of Rciines.
Beder, a fortified town of Hindooftan, I
in Dowlatabad, once the capital of a I
confiderable kingdom, and dill celebrated!
for the number and magnificence of its!
pagodas. It is 80 miles nw of Hydra<|
bad- Lon. 78 a e, lat. 17 48 n.
BedJ'ord, a borough and the county' I
town of BedfordOiire, with a market on I
Tuefday and Saturday. It is governed I
by a mayor, and feated on the Oiif(t!
which divides it into two parts, uritedl
by a bridge with a gate at each end. Iti
hns five churches; and formerly had>J
ftrong caftle, whofe fite is now a bowlT
inggreen. It is a? miles E by n ofj
Buckingham, and 50 n by w of London.|
Lon. o 28 w, lat. 5a 8 n.
Bedford, a tov.Q of Pennfylvanijil
capital of a county oflhe fame name.]
It is feated near the foim:e of the Juni-
atta, 186 miles w of Philadelphia. LonJ
;8 .'?4 w, lat. 40 o N.
Bedford, a town of New York, inj
W Chefter county, 35 miles N by E ol|
the city of New York.
ate tovrn in SuflToIki
Saturday. It )}aa«
a lofty fte^ple ; anjd
, endowed with ia
anuel cotlege< Caihr.
•d on the wavency,
cmouth, and 109 ne
of Bohemia, capita)
amei\amc, in which
lai fpfiri^S and minc&
ancient fortified caf.
:he riyer Laufnitz, s)
ag,ue- Lon. 14 a8 e,
of Weftphalia. in the
infter, at the fource
iles 9E of Mimfter.
in N Yorlsfliire, with
;fday, 10 miles se of ]
11 NNW of London. 1
)wn of France, in the
erault, with a manu.
t8, arid other woollen
the Orbre, 16 miles k
village in Surry, two I
on. Here ie Bedding,
the many Ciid to have
ce of queen Elifabeth.
Gothic pile, with ftallj
a cathedral.
ding, a village in Sut
If Lewis, near a river of |
inters the Englifti chan-j
rham.
of France, in the dp-
and Vilaine, 10 miles
ed town of Hindooftan,
once the capital of a I
dom.and (till celebrated I
ind magnificence of ill I
to miles nw of Hydra»|
E.lat. 17 48 N.
ough and the county-
ire, with a market on I
;Kday. It is governed |
. fcated on the Ouffii
jnto two parts, uritedl
[a gate at each end. Itl
8 ; and formerly had >l
lofe fite is now a bowl-1
17 miles E by n of!
50 N by w of London.
5* 8 N.
n;o of Pennfylvania,
nty of the fame name.
;he foJK:e of the Junil
of Philadelphia. LonJ
N. .L
n of New York, iji
|y, 35 milea n by eoI|
ork.
B E £
^eiford, d town of Maflachurefs, in
iMiddlefex comity,i.i milesNwof Bofton.
Bedford^ New, a town of Maflachufets,
hi Briftol county, fituate at the head of
navigation on Accuflmet river, 58 miles
> by E of BoftQti. Lon. 70 5« ^» !»*• 4»
Bet^urd Level, a traft of fenny land,
about 300,000 acres, in the counties of
Noriblk, Suffolk, Cambridge, Hunt-
ingdon, Northampton, and Lincoln.
LAfter varioiis attempts to drain thefe
fcnsi in the reigns of Henry vi and
'Charles i, William earl of Bedford, in
1649, undertook and completed it ; and,
[in the reign of Charles n, a corporation
was eftabWhed for the government of
this great level. In thefe fens are fe-
veral decoys, in which innumetable
Quantities of wild fowl are taken durin«f
I the feafon.
Bedfordihire, a county of England,
I bounded on the ne by Huntingdonfhire,
e by Cambridgefliire, se by Hertford-
Ihire, sw by Buckinghamftiire, and nw
by Northamptonfliire. Its utmoft length
is 3S miles, arid its greateft breadth 22,
containing 160,000 iicres. It is divided
into nine hundreds^ and 124 pariihes ;
and has 10 market towns. The number
of inhabitants in i8«i was 63,3^3 j and
lit fends four members to parliament.The
{principal tivers are the Oufe and the
fvel. Its chief produfts are com, butter,
and fullers earth ; its manufalflures, lace,
I ftraw hats and bafkets, and toys.
Bednore. See Nagara.
Bedouins, tribes of wandering Arabs,
{who live in tents, and are difperfed all
i over Arabia, Egypt, and the w of Africa,
[governed by their own chiefs, in the
{fame manner as the patriarchs lived and
I governed anciently: the principal em-
Iployment of both, the grazing of cattle.
{ Bedwin^ (heat, a borough in Wilt-
llhire, which has neither market nor
fair. It is five miles sw of Hungerford,
and 70 w of London.
Becmah, a river of Hindooflan, which
rifesinthe mountains to the s of Poonah,
j and Rows s e upward of 300 miles till it
jjoins the Kiftna, near Edghir.
Beer, or Beerjivk. See Bir.
Becring Island, an illand in the Pa-
[cific ocean, about 90 miles long and 30
jV'ide, 30 leagues e of Kamtfchatka.
[Lon. 166 30 E, lat. 55 30 N.
Beering S traits the narrow foa be-
Itween thfe w coaft of N America and
■the E co»ft Of Afia. It h 13 bagiies
[wide, ill the narroweft part,* between
[the capes Prince of Wales and Tchiiko-
^lkoi.
Bieroo, a codtitrv of Nej^oland, be-
B E I
tween Zahara on the ir and Bisunbaia
on the 8 Walet is the capital.
Bees, Si. t YillAge in Cumberland,
near the kit, ftve miles s'of Whijle-
haven. Here is a noted freefchool;
alfo the remains of a priory, the nave of
its church bein^ now nfed as the pariflt
church. Two miles to the nw i^ a
lofty promontory, caRed St. Bees Head*
on which is ft lighthoufe. ,
Beesko, in town of Brandetiburg', ia
the Ucker mark, with a cloth manu*
fa^ure ; feated on the Spree, 40 miles
SE of Berlin.
Befort, a fortified town of Francciin
the department of Upper Rhihe, with
manufactures of excellent iron.' It ftands
at the foot of a mountain, 34 miles sw
ofCoTmar.
Bepa, or Beyjah, a to^n of the
country of Tunis, with a ftrong caftle,
and a great trade, efpecially In com. It
is fituate on the fide of a hill, su miles
w of Tunis.
Besittieres. Sec Ahoukir.
Behal. See Chelum.
Behemhy a town of Hindooftan, hi
Lahore, feated on the Chelum, 75 milet
w by N of Lahore.
Behker^ a town of Hindooftan, capital
of a country of the fame name, on the
E fide of the Indus. It ftands in an
ifiand, formed by the Indus, 160 miles
s by w of Moultan. Lon. 70 3 b, lat. 27
3» ff.
BKhnhtr, a town of Hindooftan, in La-
hore, 85 miles N by w of Lahore.
Bejtt, a town of Portugal, in Alen-
tejo, feated on an eminence in an eit-
tenfive plain, near a lake of its name,
7i miles se of Lifbon. Lon. 7 40 w,
lat. 37 58 N.
Bcjttpotir. See Visiapour.
Bcichlengen, a-town of Upper Saxpny,
in Thuringia, 17 miles N or Weimar.
Brilstein, a town of France, in the
department of Rhine and Mofelle, lately
of Germany, in the eledlorate of Treves ;
feated on the Mofelle, 21 miles sw of
Coblentz.
Brilstein, a town of Germany, in the
Wefterwald, feated 6n the Umbach, i»
miles w N w of Wetzlar.
Bcinheim, a town of France, in the
department of Lower Rhine, feated on
the Surj near its confluence with the
Rhine, 22 miles nne ofStrafburg.
jBeira, the largeftprovince of Portugal,
bounded on the n by Tra los Montet
and Entfc Doucro e Minho, and on the
s by Eftrcmadura. It produces all the
necefTaries of lifi^Coimbrais thec;q)ital.
Beith, a town of Scotland, in Ayr-
fliire, with maftufaAurci of linen and
• I
hit
BEL
£lk gauze, feated on an emuience, feven
miles N of Irv iift,
Beit fl Fakit a town of Arabia, in
Yemen, famous as being a great mart
for coffee. It is 34 miles ese of Loheida.
Belalre, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Indre, 95 miles sw of
Cliateauroux.
Bell'eis, a town of Egypf^ 35 miles
KE of Cairo, and 45 Nw of Suez.
lielcaslroy a town of Maples, in Ca-
labria Ulteriore, feated on a mountain,
eight miles from tha gulf of Squilace,
and la sw of St. Severino.
Bulchile, a'town of Spain, in Arragon,
on the river Alrronazir, %o miles s of
SaragolTa.
Belchoe, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Fermanagh, feated on Lough
Nilly, 18 miles se of Bailylhannon.
Belclare, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Sligo, 44 miles sw of Sligo.
Betem, a village of Portugal, in Eftre-
madura, on the^N fide of the Tajo, fcur
miles below Lifton. Here is a royal
monafteiy, where the kings and queens
of Portugal are interred ; a ftrong fort,
wiii<;h defends the entrance to the city ;
and, to the s, a noble modern aquedud.
Beieslutf a town of France, in the
department of Audc, 27 miles sw of
Carcaflbne.
Belfa-it, a borough and feaport of
Ireland, in the county of Antrim, feated
at the mouth of the Lagan, in Carrick-
fergus bay. It is one of the moft com-
mercial towns in Ireland. Here are ma-
nufadures of cotton, cambric, canvas,
linen, glafs, fugar, and earthen ware. A
canal connedls the harbour with Lough
Neagh. It is 88 miles N of Dublin.
Lon. .; 52 w, lat. 54 46 n.
Be/fast, a town of the dillri<S of
Maine, in Hancock county, on the w
tide of Penobfcot bay, 40 miles ne of
Wifcafltt. I>on. 69 lo w, lat. 44 16 n.
Be/J'ord, a town in Northumberland,
with a market on Thurfday, 15 miles s
by E of Berwick, and 314 n by w of
London.
Bclgard, atown and cattle of Further
Pomerauia, on thtf river Perfante, i8
miles SE of Colberg.
■Dcigern, a town of Saxony Proper,
with a^ood trade in beer; feated on the
Elbe, eighi miles sb of Torgau.
Belgium. Sec Nethcrlando-.
Belfirudc, a city of European Turkey,
capital of Servia, and a Greek bifhop's
■ fee. The inhabitants are eftiroated at
.45,000. It was taken by prince Eugeue
in 1717, and kept tili 1739, when it was
ceded to the Turks. It was again
takepi in i^Syj and reftorcd at the peace
BEL
of Reichenbach ita 1790. It is feated
on the Danube, a little below the in.
flux of the Save, 400 miles sse of
Buda, and 440 w of Bucboreft. Loq.
31 5 E, lat. 44 46 N.
Belgrade, a town of European Turkey, I
in Romania, on the ttrait of Conftanti. |
nople, 40 miles n of that city.
Belgradot a town of Italy, in Friuli, I
feated near the Tojamenta, 81 roileg
s bv w of Udina.
belich or Belike, a town of the ducby
of Wettphalia, on the river Mone, 16
miles ENE of Areniberg.
JielidOf or Bleeda, a town of Algien,
in the province of Titeri, at the foot of
a ridge of mountains, 15 miles 8Eof|
Algiers.
Beliti, a town of Brandenburg, in I
the Middle mark, with a manufadlurt
of cloth ; feated on a river of the fame I
name, 47 miles sw of Berlin.
Bellac, a town of France, in the de. I
partment of Upper Vienncfeated on the |
Vin9on, 40 miles n of Limoges.
Bdlaircy a tovyn of Maryland, c^
pital of Harford county, 42 miles ne of |
Baltimore, and 86 wsw of Philadelphia.
Bcllcgarde, a fortrefs of France, in l
the department of Eaftern Pyrenees, and
an important place,, on account of itJ
being a paflage to the Pyrenees. Ill
was taken by the Spaniards in 1793,1
but retaken the next year. It is 15 mileij
s of Perpignan.
Belle j^urdey a town of France, in the I
department of Saone and Loire, on the |
river Saone, 15 miles ne of Chalons.
Bellcisley an ifiand of France, 15 1
miles from the coaft of Bretagne. It ii |
10 miles long and three broad, diverG-
fied with craggy mountains, falt-works, I
and fertile plains. The principal place
is Palais, a fortified town, with a citadeL
It was taken by the Engliih in 1761,
and reftored in 1763. Lon. 3 5 w, lat. |
47 17 N.
Belldsle, an ifland at the ne end of
a channel between New Britain and!
Newfoundland, called the Strait of I
Belleifle. The iiland is 40 miles in[
circuit, and has a finatl harbour on the |
NW fide. Lon. 55 45 w, lat. 51 j8 n.
BcllcsmCf a town of France, in the I
department of Orne, with an ancient
cattle. 44 miles ese of Alen^on, and8«|
sw of Paris.
Bellei/, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Ain, and lately a bifliop'sl
lee ; i'eated near the Rhone, 40 miles s£ |
of Bourg. Lon. 5 44 e, lat. 45 47 ^'
Bellingham, a town in Northutn-I
berland, with a market on Tuefday,!
feated on the n braneh of the Tyne, 15 1
E L
h 1790. It is feated
a Httk below the in.
if 200 miles sse of
ofBucboreft. Loo.
N.
n of E uropean Turkey,
:he (Irait of Conllanti>
of that city. '
vn of Italy, in Friuli,
Tojamentai 81 mib
t, a town of the ducby
ti the river Mone, 16 1
nfberg.
da, a town of Algten, I
FTiterl, at the foot of
tains, 15 miles sEof
1 of Brandenburg, in
, with a tnanufadlure
on a river of the fame |
w of Berlin.
1 of France, in the de.
;r Vienne, (bated on the |
N of Limoges,
wn of Maryland, cv
:ounty, a miles nb of |
6 wsw of Philadelphia,
fortrefs of France, in I
f Eafiern Pyrenees, and
ICC,, on account of its
to the Pyrenees. It
he Spaniards in 1793,
extyear. It is 15 miles
land at the ne end of
New Britain and]
BEL
miles NNw of Hexham and 300 of
London.
Bcllinzona, a town of Swiflerland,
capital of the canton of Teflin. It is
feated on the Tefino, five miles above
its entrance into the lake Magiore, and
22 wsw of Chiavcnna. Lon. 8 55 £,
lat. 46 8 N.
Bellimesef a diftridt of Italy, lying
betih ccn Friuli, Cadorino, Feltrino, and
Tyrol- It has large woods, and iron
mines; and is fertile in com, wine, and
fruit. Belluno is the only plsce of note.
Bellung, a town of Ituly, capital of
the fielliinefe> and a bilhop's fee ; feated
among the Alps, on the river Piave, 15
miles NE of Feltri. Lon. la 9 e, lat.
43 n N,
Beltuza, 9, town of Hindooftan, in
Myfore, with a citadel, both of them
ftrongly fortified with a mud 'wall and
a ditch. In the vicinity is much fine
rice ground, and a great number of
ilieep are bred. It is 38 miles n of
Seringapatam.
Bt'lper, a town in Derbyftiire, with
a market on Saturdav. Here are feveral
large cotton-mills, ableaching-mill, and
an iron-forge. It is feated on the Der-
wcnt, eight miles n of Derby, and 134
NNW of London.
Belprc, a town of the ftate of Ohio,
on the Nw bank of the Ohio, oppofite
I the mouth of the Little Kannaway, 14
miles sw of Marietta, and 46 ne of
Galliopolis.
Belpuigy a town of Spain, in Catalo-
i nia. with a famous convent, 18 miles
ENE of Lerida.
Beltf Great f a ftrait of Denmark, be-
I tween the iflands of Zealand and Fu-
nen, which forms a communication
between the Categat and the Baltic.
It is not fo commodious, nor fo fre-
I <iuented, as the Sound.
Beltt Little, a ftrait, w of the Great
I Belt, between Funen and N Jutland.
It is one of the paflages from the Ca-
te^at to the Baltic, though not three
I miles in breadth, and very crooked^
■ Bellurbel, a bwough of Ireland, in
the county of Cavan ; feated on the river
I Erne, nine miles nn w of Cavan.
BellZfOr Belzo, a town of Poland, in
I Red Ruflia, capital of a palatinate of
the fame name. It is 30 miles N by w
[ofLemburg. Lon. 24 5 e, lat. 50 ao n.
Belvedere, a town of European Tur-
Uey, capital of a fertile province of the
fame name, in the Morea. The raifins,
I called Belvederes, come from this place.
It is 1 7 miles ne of Chirenza. Lon. 21
I45E, lat. 380 N.
iif/wj^a town of France, in the dc<
BEN
partment of Doidogne, a? miles sse of
Perigueux.
Belum, a town of Lower Saxony, in
.the duchy of Bremen, near the mouth
of the Olte, 24 miles NW of Stade.
_ Belur, a town of Ufbec Tartary, ca-
pital of a province of thu fame iiame^
which is a hilly country, bounded on
the N and e by the Bclur Taglcr, or
Dark Mountains, anciently the Imaus.
The capital is aou miles R of Badilk-
ihan. Lon. 74 to e, lat. 36 3.5 N.
Belzigf a town of Saxony Proper,
with a caflle, feated on the Walfe, 35
iqiles NN w of VVittenburg.
Bemba, a country of Africa, to the s
of Congo, little known, to the £uro>
peans.
Benamenilf a town ef France, in the
^department of Meurthe, feven miles e
ofLuneviile.
BenarcSf a dillri<ft of Hindooftan, in.
the NB part of the province.of Allaha..
bad, between thofe of Bahar and Oude.
It contains the circars of Benares, Jioii.
pour, Chunar, and Gazypour;.and wa»
ceded to the£uij;lifli in 1775.
BenareSf a populous city' of Hin.
doollan, capital or a country of the fame
name- It is celebrated as the ancient feat
of Braminical learning, and built on th&
left bank of the Ganges. Several Hindoo
temples embellifh the high banks of the
river ; and many other public and pri-
vate buildings are magnificent. The
ftreets are narrow ; the houfes high,
and fyme of them fiv£ ftories each, ia-
habited by difFeient families ; but the
more wealthy Gentoos live in detached
houfes with an open court, furrounde^
by a v/all. Nearly in the centre of thecity
is a confiderable Mahomedan mofque,
built by emperor Aurungzebe, wlji>
deftroyed a magnilicent Hindoo tempifr
to make room tor it ; and round tlie
city are many ruins of buildings, the
efieds of Mahomedan intolerance. An
infurrediou hcci;, in 1781, had nearly
proved fatal to the Englilh interefts io
Hindoofian ; in confequence of which,
Cheyt Sing, the rajah, was depofed in
178J. Benares 18136 miles w by s «f
Patna, and 3S0 wnw of Calcutta. Lon.
83 10 E, lat. 25 ao N.
Benavari, a town of Spain, in Arra<
gon, 17 miles n of Lerida.
Benavente, a town of Spain, in Leon,
on tlje river Ella, 35 miles ssw of Leon.
Benavente, a town of Portugal, in
Alentego, on the river Soro, near its
confluence with the Tajo, 30 miles sne
ofLifbon.
Bcnlecula„a.n ifland of Scotland, gne
of tlie Hebrides between N and S UJft,
1
1
.-.:-. .•■*>.,,■' ^. L :^>-^i,.
.mi»m
BEN
iroffl the laft of which it is jTcparated by
A narrow charni^U nearly dr^ at low
prater. It is of a ch-cular form, including
the inlets of the fea, nine miles in dta>
meter. The foil is fandf and unpro>
dwQive, but much kelp is made from the
fica'weed thrown on the cpaft.
i Bento»leny a town on the sw part of
liie ifland of Sumatra, belonging to the
Englifh- In 1690* the E India Company
buitt the fort, and called it Fort York.
In 1693 a great mortality happqned here,
the governor and council all dying in a
ihOrt time} the town ftandiog on a
(linking morals, not agreeable to Euro-
pean conftitutions. A new fort, called
Marlborough Fort, has fince been ereA-
cd^ in a more wholefome part. The
Adjacent countty is mountainous and
woody. The chief trade is in pepper.
.Lon. 103 10 z* lat- 3 49 8.
- Betu:owief a town of Algiers, in the
province of Conftantine, 2$ miles sse of
Seteef.
Bender f or Tehen^ a town of European
Turkey, capital of BelTarabia. Here
(Charles xii of Sweden redded, after his
defeat at Pult owa. The inhabitants srv
cftimated at 11,000. It^was taken by
the Ruffians in 1789, but reftored in
3790. It is feated on the Dniefter, 100
IniKSt by sofjafly. Lon. 19 14 e, lat.
Be*et a town of Piedmont, defended
by a caftle, feven miles s of Cherafco.
BenedettOj St. a town of Italy, in the
M;0ttoan,iiear the river Po, 15 miles sse
pf Mantua.
Btnedktf -a town of Maryland, in
Charles codnty, lituate on the Patux-
tnr» 16 miles w of Port Tobacco.
' Senesc^oWf a townof Bohemia, fomous
fcr its manufadure of paper, 34 miles
il of Prague.
Benefevfy a town of Egypt, noted
tor its hemp ami flax; feated on the
Kile, 50 miles s of Cairo.
' Benevente, a town oE France, in the
department of Creufe, 10 miles knw of
foi^neuf.
Benevtnh, a city of Naples,^ and an
ai'chbifhop'ft fee, capital of Prlncipato
U1teriort,andofafmii11 duchy of its name,
lately belonging to the pope. Benevcnto
hai fufTered greatly by earthquakes,
particularly in 1688, when the archbi-
ih'pp was dug out of the ruins alive.
£>tcept Rome, no city in Italy can boaft
of fo many ruins of ancient fculpture as
art; to be found in this place. It is
felted near the confluence of the Sabato
mid Caloro, 35 miles Kt: of Naples.
I^4in- 14' 47 E, hit. 41 8 K.
BffiJ^ldf a town of France, in the
B EN
dcp;irtment of Lower Rhine, on tbe
river III, x% miles ssw of Strafburg.
Ben^alf a country of Hiodooftan,
400 miles long and 300 broad ; bi>unded
on the w by Orifla and Bahar, n bj
flootan, B by AlTam aud Callay, and 1 1
by the bay of Bengal. It confiiuof oth; .
vaft plain, of the moft fertile foil, which,
in common with other parts of Hindoo*
ftan, annually renders two, and, in fome
parts, even three crops. Th« principal
products are fugar, iilk, fruity Pepper,
opium, rice, faltpetre, lac, ind civet.
It is compared to Egypt for fettility;
the Ganges dividing here into feveral
ttreams, and, like the Nile^ annually
overflowing the country. Bengal hat
been fubjed, ever fince 1765,' to the
EngKlh £ India Company. Calcutta ii
the capital.
BenguelOf a kingdom of Africa, io
Congo, bounded on the n by Angola.
E by Belhba, s by parts unknown, and I
w by the Atlantic. The climate ii|
very pernicious to Europeans. Thel
men wearfliins about their waift, and
beads round their neck ; and are armed
with darts headed with iron, and witb
bows and arrows. The women wear a
collar of copper round their neck ; a
kind of cloth, made of the bark, of a
tree, round their witift ; and copper rings
on their legs.
Bengueia, the capital of the kingdom
of Benguela, where the Portuguefe have
a fort. It ftands on the n fide of a bay, |
350 miles s of Loanda. Lon. 12 30 1,
iat. 10 30 s.
Benin, a kingdom of Guinea., bound- 1
ed on the me by^ unknown parts, se by I
Biafara and Majombo, and s and w by I
the gulf of Guinea and Dahomy. Thel
country exhibits many beautiful land- 1
icapes; but the air is noxious, near thel
coaft, on account of the grofs vapounl
from the marfhes. Oranges and lemoni
grow on the fides of the roads; cotton
abounds every where ; and the pepper
produced here is fnnaller than that of the I
Indies. Among thcanimalsareelephantil
in great number, tigers, leopards^ ftags,[
wild .boars, civet and mountain catsJ
horfeA,. hares, and hairy fheep ; a vaftj
number of ferpenta and other reptiles;
and the principal birds are parc^uetiJ
pigeonsipartudges, ftork8,and oftnches.!
The drefs of the natives is neat. Thel
rich wear white calico or c.itton petti'[
coats, but the upper part of tbe bodyj
is commonly naked. The women uH
great art in drefltng their hair, which I
they reduce into a variety of fonni.1
Th(; people are flciiful in making varioiul
forte of dies; and they manu&^ure audi
I. Lon. la 30*'
BEN
! wport cotton cloths. Polygamy ii al-
I lowed, and the number of wivt n is li-
iinited by the ftate of their circumllances
I only. Though jealous of each other,
I they offer their wives to Euro^jeana.
Their religion is pagiuiifm. Their king
I ig abfolute, and has a great number of
petty princes under him.
Jieuiii, the capital of the kingdom of
the fame name. In the ftreets, which are
long and broad, are many fliops filled
with European merchandife, as well as
iwiththif commotiitics of the coui try.
The huufes arc ail built witl^j|j^y. and
covered with reeds, ftraw, or leaves.
The royal palace is of vaft extent, but
I neither elegant nor commodious. All
Ijnale flaves here are foreigners; for the
[inhabitants cannot be fold for flaves,
only they bear the name of the king's
lllavt's. Benin is fituate on the rivei*
liii'iiin or Formofa, 80 miles from its
Imouth. Lon. 6 ^^ e, .at. 6 50 n.
BtnhfuJ, a town of Egypt, with ma-
|iiiit;i(5hn cs of carpets and woollen and
llintn ftuffs; feated on the Nile, 60 miles
|s of Cairo.
Beniawers, a mountain of Scotland,
fen Perthfliire, on the e fide of Loch
[fay. It rifes in a conical (hapc to the
height of 4015 feet above the level of
the fee.
Bcnlomond, a mountain of Scotland,
(n Dumbartonfliire, on the e fide of
Loch Lomond, rifing to the height of
l;262 lect above the level of the fea Its
lidcs, particularly toward' the lake, are
finely covered with trees, and it pro*
duces a number of rare plants. -
Bennevis, a mountain of Scotland, in
Invernefsftiire, E of Fort William. It is
Ihe higheft in Great Britain, rifing 4370
feet above the level of the lea. On the
iE fide it prefents a precipice, neatly
perpendicular, of about 1500 feet in
fieight.
Bennington, a village in Hertford-
bue, four miles e of Stevenage.- Here
Ihe Mercian kings had a palace; and
Ihecaftle, in which a council was held-
In 850, ftiil remains near the church.
1 BenningioH^ a town of Vermont, ca-
bital of a county of its name. Though
Ihe largcft and oldeft town in the ftate,
Ihe judicial courts are commonly held
It Rutland and Wmdfor alternately.
In or near this town colonel Stark
lained two battles, onAuguft i6, i777>
Vhich contributed to the fiibfequcnt
mender of general Burgoyne's army.
Icnuington is fituate at the tx)ot of the
jriten Mountains, near the sw corner
jt'thc Rate, 30 miles e by n of Albany.
Ion. 73 10 w,lat. 43 on*
B E It
Weftphalia, in
the duchy of Berg, feven miles k of
Benslrrg, a town of Weftphalia, ^n
e duel
Mulhdm
Dtitshrim, a town of Germany, Jn
the circle of Upper Rhine, a 5 milti vikyt
of Heidclbeig.
Bfiiiliruu, a town of Weftphalia, ca-
pital of a county of the fame name,
with a lortified critic. It was taken
by the French in 1795. It is feated on
the Vecht, ;<2 milt-s NW of Munfter.
Lon. 7 8 . , lat. 51 z» N.
Bniltrvfrlio, a town of Italy, in the
Boli'givcfc, 10 miles ne of Bologna.
Beiar, a province of the Dcccan of
Hindooftan, bounded on the N by iVIal-
wa and Allahabad, e by OrilTa. s bv
Golconda, and w by Dowlatabad and
Candeilh The principal part of it is
fubjed to a rajah; the other to the
nizam ot the Deccan. The rajah's
country extends jo miles from E to
w, and, in fomc places, aoo from n to
s. Its capital is Nagpour. Lefs is
known of the interior parts of Berar
than of moft of the other countries in
Hindoofian. That about Nagpuur is
fertile and well cultivated ; but the ge-
neral apoearancc of the country, parti-
cularly wtwecn Nagpour and OrifiTa, is
that ofa fottft, thinly fct with village*
and towns.
Btratoi, a town of Bohemia, capital
of a circle of the fame name. It has
manufaifhires of fire arms and wrthen
ware, and is feated on the Mifa, 16
miles wsw of Prague. Lon. 14 17 By
lat 49 57 »•
Beriicey a Dutch fettlement, on a
river of the fame name, in Guiana, to.
the w of Surinam The land is low and
woody, and produces much indigo and
cotton. It was taken by the Engliih in
1796, and in 1803. The river enters,
tile Atlantic in lon. 3s 13 w, lat. 6 30 N.
Berhtrg, a town of the Netherlands, "n
Luxemburg, 12 miles kb of Luxemburg.
BcrchlolsgaUeii, a town of theduchj
of Salzburg, and the capital of a county
of its name. It I'erves all the neighbour-
hood with fait i and is feated on the
Achen, 14 miles s of Salzburg.
BerJaa. a town of Perfia, in Erivan»
feated in a fertile plain, 16 miles £S£ of
Gangea.
. licrdoa. See Bitrgu,
Bue .ALsl'jn, a borough in Devon-.
(hire, but a poor pl;ice, feated between,
the Tamar andtlicTave, ro miles n by
w of Plymouth, and. 112 w by s of
London.
Bere Rcgu, a town in Dorfetlbire,
with A market on Wetlncfday. Ottr
Woodbury-hill, half a mile tm tkeira>
f
U a circular Romin camp, inclofcd
within thrre trencbes. The town is
frated on the B<^re» near its confluence
Miith the Piddle. i« miles e by n df
2>orcheller, and iia sw of London.
Btreilltiy a city of nindoonan, capi-
tal of Rohilla, wnich was conquered oy
the nabob of Otide in 1774* It is lao
inileiNNw of Luclinovr. Lon. 79 40 E,
lat. aS y> n.
Berehs, a lake of Egypt, between
Damietta and Rofetta, ojf an oval form,
5> miles long, and 10 broad in the
niiddle.
Birg, a duchy of Weftphalia, lying
along the river Rhine, to the s of the
duchy of Cleve, about fixty miU'S in
length and from 10 to 12 in bt eadth. It is
fi E R
minated in favour of the former, ft is-
fituate nmong woodii four miki kme
ofAlcmaer.
Berpen , a town of New Jerfcy, capital
of a county of the fame name. The
inhabitants are moftly defcendants from
the Dutch fcttlefs. It is furrounded bf
water, except on the N, and feparated
by the river Hudfon from the city of
New York, three miles diftant.
Bergen op Zoom, a town of Dutch
Brabant, capital of a marquifate of the
fame name- It is a handfome place,
and onie^f the flrongeit in the Nether,
lands, jfeated partly on a liifl, and partly
on 'the rivet Zoom, which coumuuii<
cates with the Scheldt by a canal. It
has feverul times been besiened to no
full of woods and mountains, but fertile purpofe i but was taken by the French
on the banks of the Rhine and in the
vallies; and has mines of lead, iron,
and coal. Duircldorp is the capital.
Brr^a, n town of Spain, in Catalonia,
feated on the Lobrogat, 18 miles enc
Oif Solfona.
Bergamasco, a province of Italy,
bounded by Brefcia, the Valtcline, and
the Milanefe. Toward the n it is
mountainous and rocky, and has mines
of iron; fome of the vallics^rotlnce
much wine and oil i and in the vicinity
of thecapUali Bergamo, it is very fertile.
Bergamo, a city of Italy, capital of
Bergamafco, with a citadel- It is fa*
itious for its fewin^ filk ; and its fair,
on St. Bartholomew's day, is reforted
to by merchants from diftant parts. It
fiands on a hill, between the rivers
Brembo and Serio, ,^0 miles R e of Mi-
lan- Lon. 9 47 K, lat. 4; 46 N.
BergaSf a town of European Turkey,
in Romania, and a Greek archbilhop's
fee, on the river Lariffa, 40 miles SE of
Adrianoplc Lon. 27 40 E, lat. 4t 14 K.
Bergen, a city and feaport of Norway,
Capital of a government of the fame
name, and a bifliop's fee,' with a caille
m 1747, and in 1794. It is 15 miles n
of Antwerp, and iz sw of Breda. Lon,
4 23 E, lat. 51 30 N.
BcTjicrnc, a town of France, In the
department of Dordogne, feated on tht
Dordogne, 34 miles s by w of Peri-
gueux.
UcTgues, a fortified town of Trance,
in the department of Nord, on the river
Colme, at the foot' of a mountain, five
miles s of Dunkirk.
Bcrgzuhern, a town of France, in the
department of Mont Tonnere, lately of |
Germany, in the duchy of Deux Ponts;
feated on the Eilbach, fix miles ssw of |
Landau, and 34 se of Deux Punts.
Berisa, a town of Negroland, in Caf-
flna, feated on the Niger, 120 miles w I
of Caffina.
Btrkhamstcdy a town in Hertfordfliirc, I
with a market on Saturday. Roman
coins have been often dug up here;
and on the N fide ate the remains of a I
chfile, ths refidence of the kings of I
M6tvia. In 697, a parliament was held I
here and Ina's laws piiblifhed. Here|
William the conqueror fwore tohis nobi-
lity to maintain the laws madi'byhis|
It forms a femicircle round a fmall gulf prcdeceflbrs. Henry 1 1 kept his couit
of the fca, and is the moft populous
town in Norway, containing 19,000 in-
habitants. On the land hde it is de-
fended by mountains, and on the other
Vy feveral fortificatii0lM'-AJIiiiechurch«i
and many of the houfes«re of ft6ne,
but moft of the latter are conftru^d of
Wood. Thr caftle and cathedral ate
remarkable edifices, ft carries on a
reat trade in ftins firwood, Or^-mtA
tried fifli j and is 1 70 mHes w by n of
ChrUliania- Lon. 5 46 e, lat. 60 26 k.
Bcrgerit a town of N Ii<^aQd, noted
for two bloody Mttles, in 1 799, between
the EngUfti and Ru^a|i forces oppofed
in this town, and granted to it many j
privileges ; and Jam?s i, whofe ciiild.
ren were nurfed here, made it a coipo-j
ration ; btit this government was drop-l
ped in the civil wars. The church ii al
handfome Gothic ftnM^urei It is ft^edj
on the vr branch of tbc river Gade,and|
on the Grand JunAion canal, a6 milei|
Ntv of London;
Berkley, a town !n GlouceflerlhirfJ
governed by a mayor, with a market i
Wednefday. It has a trade in timberJ
coal, malt, and cheefe, which is benefit-]
ed by means of a oanal from Gloucef'j
ter. Here is an ancient caille 00
bjr the Oiitch aad Fcencb, whtcn tori fifing grpuod^ in vriuclv EdvrMd 11 w«
trade,
nufedtur
hair, lin
porcelaii
indembi
the river
canal to
to the
commun;
Baltic fe^
city was (
he former. It »■
four tiAkt KM*
lewjerfeyicawul
fame nAine. The
r defcendant» from
t is furrounded bf
. N, and feparated
n frotn the city of
IcB diftant.
s town of Dutch
amarquifateofthe
a handfome place,
eeft in the Nether-
onaW«.andP''^''r
which coninnnii.
cWt by a canal. It
ecn besieged to no
taken bv tTie French
i sw of Breda. Lon.
*nof France, In tk
dogne, Icatcd on tht
lea 6 by w of Pen-
fied town of Trance,
ofNord,onthenver
t of a mountain, five
own of France, in the
jni Tonnere, lately ot ]
JnchyofDeuxPonts;
)ach, fix miles ssw of |
EofDeuxPonts.
of Negroland, m Cai-
leNiger, i»o miles w|
towninHertfordihirc,
',n Saturday. Ro"**"
often dug up here;
ate the remams ot a
,ncc of the kings 0,
a parliam^.-nt was wM
Us publift»e«i. Here
Leiorfworetohisnobi.
Ithc laws madebyhiJ
Ury II kept his court
Id granted to U rnmj\
Barnes I. %vho^ech>ld.|
here, made it a covpo.
Eovemment was drop-
LTars. The church isj
pftruAure; UtsW
fof the river Gade, and
Jnftion canal, a6miiei|
rn in Gloucefterihiit,
ror, with a market ot
basatradeintirobff.
leefe. which u benefit;,
wnal from Gloucef
, ancirtt caMe on «
B E R
frturderrd- It m feated on the Little
Avon, near its confluence with the Se-
vern, 15 miles 8w of Glouccfter, and
luw of London.
Jicrkiey, alown of 8 Carolina, in a
county of the fame name, fituate near
Cooper river, 15 miles nne of Charlef-
tun.
Berkshire, a county of Enftland,
bounded on the r by Surry, 8 by Hamp-
fliire, w by WiUflilre, and n by Oxford-
(hire and Bucklnghamfhire. It is ;o
miles long and from fix to «< broad,
containing 476,160 acres ; is divided into
10 iiundreds, and 148 parifhes; and has
u market-towns. The number of in-
habitants in 1801 was 109,315; and it
fends nine members to parliament.
The principal rivers are the Thames,
Kennet. Lamborn, and Loddon. The
r part has much uncultivated land, as
Windfor foreft and its appendages : the
w and middle parts produce grain in
great abundance. Reading is the capital.
Berlamont, a town of France, in the
department of Nord, fix miles bse of
Quefnoy.
Berleburg, a town of Germany, in
the Wefterwald, with a caftle, feated on
the Berlebach, near its confluence with
the Eder, *o miles nw of Marburg.
Brrliiit a city of Germany, capital of
the marquifate of Brandenburg. It is
defended partly by walls, partly by pa-
lifades, and has i s gates. The fti-eets
are ftraight, wide, and long; and its
large fquarcs, magnificent palaces,
churches, and other buildings, are
fcarcely to be equalled. It is i» miles
in circumference; but within this in-
clofure are numerous gardens, and many
beautiful houfes are let in ftories to me-
chanics. In 1785, the number of inha-
bitants was 146.647. The royal palace
contains a fine library, a rich cabinet of
curiofities and medals, and the fupreme
colleges of government. Near the pa-
lace ftands the magnificent cathedral.
Here aie alfo feveral academies and
hofpitals, an aflronomical ohfervatory,
a fuperb arfenal, and a royal cloth ma-
nufa(flure. Berlin has a flourifliing
trade, occafioned by its numerous ma-
nufactures of filk, wool, cotton, camels
hair, linen, Pruffian blue, cutlery, and
porcelain; and by its enamelled, inlaid,
and embroide^d works. It i s feated on
the river Spree, from \»hich there is a
canal to the Oder on the e, and another
to the Elbe on the w; that it has a
communication by water, both with the
Baltic fea and the German ocean. This
city was taken, in 1760, by an army of
Euffianii AuftriaoS) and Saxons, who
were obliged to evacuate it in 1 lew
days. In t8o6, ten days after the bat"
tie of Jena, the French entered thlidi^yt
and Bonaparte hekl a court in the pa-
lace. It is 100 miles N of Drefden»
and 185 Mw of Breflau. Lon. 13 sa >»
lat. 5a 31 N.
Baim^ a town of Pennfvlvanin, in
York county, on the sw fide of Cone-
wago creek, 13 miles w by n of York,
and 41 E by 8 of Shippenfburg.
Bermeo, a town of Spain, in Bi&ay,
on the bay of Bifcay, near the cape or
Machicaco, i s miles n of Bilboa.
Bn'mnda Hundred, or Ci/y Point, a
port of Virginia, in Chefterfield county,
fituate on the point of a peninfula»
formed by the confluence of the Appa-'
mattox with James river. The exports
from this place are chiefly colteAed at
Richmond, 70 miles above it. City
Point, from which it is named, is on the
s bank of James river, four miles ssw
ofthetown. Lon. 77 31 w, lat. 37 16 N.
Bcrmuda.-i, or Sommers Ishnda, four
iflands in the Atlantic ocean, <u) miles
£ of Carolina, and furrounded by rocks. '
They were difcovered by Juan Bermu-
das, a Spaniard, in 1517 ; but not inha-
bited tin 1609, when fir George Som-
mcrs was caft away upon them; and
they have belonged to Britain ever finee.
They contain 9000 inhabitants, who
carry on fome trade with America and
the W Indies. Three of them are fmall;
and the principal oneis called St. George.
Bern, the larjeft of the cantons of
Swiflerland, being 150 miles longaifA
7 5 broad. It is the mofl: fertile country
in Swiflerland, and divided into two
grincipal parts, called the German Mfd
oman ; but the !aft is moft commteil^
called the Pays de Vaud. The religion
is Calvinifm.
jWf rn, a town of Swiflerland, capitifl
of the canton of Bern . Mei e iff a cele-
brated academy, and a rich library. It
is a ftrong place in a peninfula, formed
b)r the river Aar, and eftimated to con-
tain 13,000 inhab'^^nts. The houfes are
built of freeftone, nd pretty uniform »
particularly in the principnl ftreet ; arid
there are piazzas on each fide, with a
walk, raited four feet above the levd of
the ftreet, very commodious ui wet
weather. The ftreets are traverfed by a
canal, and the public buildings are mag-
nificent. In the arfenal are preferved
the figure and armour of the celebrated
William Tell, in the a A of taking aim at
the apple on his fon's head. Bern waa
taken in 1798 by the French. It is 70
miles Kg or Geneva. Lon. 7 29 b, lat.
4« 5« ^»
Fa
B E R
BtfiiurJ, Grand Si. a mnunt.iiii of
tlM Pennine Alpt, on the fmntiiTH of
Pietimont, n milc« www of Aorta. On
the I'immit is a large coiivctit, wheic
the monks entertain all travullcru (jratis
for three days.
Biriiiird Caitif, a town in X'nv county
of Durham, with a market on W«'dnct-
(layi and m.<niif.iditr»'S of lUn-kingg
and camblets. It takes its names fr m
a cnftle Innlt by Bernard Baliol, great
grandfather to J.)hn D.1I10I, king of
Seotland, whf> fonnded an hor|)ital here.
It is fcatcd on the river Tecs, 14 miles
9W of Durham, and 246 nnw of Lon-
don.
Bprnau, a fortified town of Bi.inden-
burg, in thi* Middle mark. The prin-
cipal commerce is in beer, of which
large quantities are brewed. It is featcd
on the I'ancho, 15 miles nnr of Berlin.
Berniiy, a town of France, iu the de-
partment of Eurci feUfd on the Caran-
tonne, ao miles sw of Ronen
BcrnLurii:, n town of Upper Saxony,
in the principality oi Anhalt, leated on
the Saale, is miles sw of M.igdebnrg.
Bftncaslio, a town of France, in the
department of Sarre, lately of Gernmny,
in the ele<5lorate of Treves. It is re-
markable for good wine, and feated on
the Mofelle, 18 miles ne of Treves.
BerngrieSf a town of Franconia, in
the principality of Aichlladt, on the
Altmuhl, 17 miles ne of Aichftadt, and
28 w of Rati(bon.
, Bermladt, a town of Silefia, in the
principality of Oels, with a cadle, feat-
cd on theWeida, ao miles f. of Breflau.
.y.B^rre, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Mouths of the Rhone, for-
merly one of the l^rongeft towns of
Pcovence. : It ftands on a lake of the
lame name, at the influx of a river, 18
■miles wswof Aix.
Berrif, a late province of France,
bounded on the n by the Orlc^ois
and Blaifois, t by the Nivernois and
Bonrbonnois, s by the Bourbonadis aod
Marche, and w by Touraine and P>)i
tpu. It is fertile in corn, fruit, hemp,
•nd flax; and there ib excellent wine in
fome places. It now forms the two
depailments of Cher and Indre.
Bersello, a town of Italy, in the Mo-
denefe, with a cafllc; ftated on the Po,
at the inSux of the Linza, 10 miks use
of Parma.
Berdncro, a town of Italy, in Ro-
roagn^ with a citadel, fcatcd on a hill,
10 mites ssE of Forli. •
Bertratidf St. a town of France, in
the department of Upper Garonne. It
was lattely an epifcopal fee, and is 45
B E S
miles s of Auch. Lou. o 43 B, lat. At
56 N. .
Brrviff or Invrrbrrrir, a borough ftf
Scotl.md, in|Kincar(linc(hire, at the
mouth of the Bervie, which forms a
harbour for fmatl vciFclsy 11 mile* ne
of VIoiitrofe
Iiii!rii/<, a borough on the border*
of En>.'l;ind and Scotland, wiih a market
on Satnnl.iy. It is a county of itfelf,
governed tiy a mayor ; and was once a
(In)ng fortrcfs, of i^rcat importance
when England and Scotland were ho-
nile nations, to each of which it al-
ternatf'ly hdon<^ed, or was confidcrcd
as a diftriit fcparatc from both coun-
tries. It now l^elongs to the biOiopric
of Durham, and the Englifli judges
hold the (flizes here. It i» (till forti-
fied, and h.is (:ood b.irracks for the gar-
rifon; but its callle is now in nnas. It
has a good trade in wool, epRH, corn,
and falmon; and has manufactures of
fackin^', diaper, linen, rnuflln, cotton,
flockin^s, carpets, and fells. In i3oi
the number of inhabitants was 7187.
It is fcatcd on the N fide of the Tweed,
near the fca. 54 miles sk of Edinburg,
and .)37 N by w of London. Lon. i
58 w,.U. 55 45 N.
Ikiwuk, a town of the dillri<5l of
Maine, in York county, feven milcti
N w of York, and 86 n of Bofton.
Benvick, a town of Pennfylvania, in
York county, at the head of Conewago
creek, i.^ miles w by .s of York, and 43
ESK of Shippenfburg.
Berwick, Sorth, a borough oF Scot-
land, in Haddingtonfliire, on the frith of
Forth, nine miles n of Haddington, and
%% ENE of Edinburg.
Berwickshire, a county of Scotland*
fometimes called the Mers; bounded
on the NE by the German ocean, sk by
the Tweed, s by Roxburgfhire, w bf
Fdinburgihire, and nw by Haddington,
(hire. It is 34 miles long and 19 broad,
and in 1801 contained 30,611 inha-
bitants. The s part is a fertile and
pleafant tra<^t ; and being a low and flat
country, is fometimes called the How
[Hollow] of the Mers. The k angle is
occupied by Berwick Bounds; adiftrid
eight miles in compafs, governed by
Englifh laws. The principal rivers are
the Tweed, Leader, VV'hiteadder, and
Eye. The capital is Greenlaw, but
Diinfi; is the largeft town.
Baalu, a to^n of Spain, in Catalonia,
feated near the Fluvia, 14 miles nnw of |
Gerona.
Benaiifon, a fortified city of France,
and an archiepifcopal fee, capital of j
the department of Doubs. It ba» a
%
n. 43 B, lat. A*
'if, a borough ftf
Undhiie, at the
r, which form» a
rcU, «i niiki Ni
h on the border*
ind,wi"h a market
1 county of itfclff
: ; and was once a
i^reat itnpovtance
Scotland wen* ho-
li of which it aU
or was confidcred
; from both coun-
ts to the bithopric
he Englifli judges
ti» It i» ftill forti-
arrackB for the gar-
is now in ruins. It
n wool, fgRH, corn,
nt inannfadtures of
en, munin, cotton,
and ftUs- In i8oi
nhitants was 7187.
[ fide of the Tweed,
lies sE of Edinburg,
)f London. Lon. 1
n of the diftridt of
:ounty, fcvcn milts
i6 N of Bofton.
1 of Pennfylvania, in
\e. head of Conewagu
ly 9 of York, and 4S
irg.
a borough oF Scot-
lOiire, on the frith of
of Haddington, aiid
fcaunty of Scotland,
Vhe Mers; bounded
Perman ocean, se by
iRoKburgihire, w by
NW by Haddington.
£8 long and 19 broad,
[tained 30.611 inha-
jart i» a fertile and
being a low and flat
ws called the How
Jers. The k angle w
[ck Bounds; adiftrid
Impafs, governed by
le principal rivers are
Vr, Whiteadder, and
i\ is Greenlaw, but
\ town.
U" Spain, in Catalonil,
[via, 14 mile* NKW of
lified city of France,
3p;d fee, capital ot
■poubs. Itha»»
BET
cfiadfl, on a high rock, the bafft of
which touches two lides of the Doubs,
which here forma a peninfuia; nifo a
univerflty, an acidemy of fciences, a
literary military ftciety, and a pl^b!ic
hbriry in the abbey of St Vincent.
The triumphnl arch of Aurelian, and
other Roman antiquities, are flill to be
feen. It is .ft miles l of Dijon, and
S08 it of Paris. Lon. 6 3 t, lat. 47
14 N.
Jirsic;heim, a town of Suabia, In the
duchy of Wirtemburg, with two old
caftles, at the conflutncc of the Neckar
and En8, 15 miles n by w of Stutgard.
liessarlia, or Biuhac, a territory of
European Turkey, on the n w coaft of
the Black fea, between the mouths of
the Danube and the Dniefter. On the
banks of the lift river the Tartar mhi-
bitants rove from plaoe to place. Th<'ir
I' common food is the Hcih of oxen and
horfcsjchrefc, and mares milk. Bender
is the capital.
Bri^ai/, a town of France, in the
department of Allier, eight miles s of
Mmilins.
Bfssc, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Puy lie Dome, 18 miles s
of Clermont.
Br.'^srHdi/, a town of France, in the
department of Rhone, 12 miles w
of Lyon.
Bfstricia, a town of Tranfylvania,
with gold mints in its nei^'hboiirhood.
It is 85 miles nw of Hermanftadt Lon.
»3 45 f, lat. 47 ?,° N.
litfamos, a town of Spain, in Ga-
licia, feated on the Mandeo, at its en-
trance into % bay of the Atlantic, zo
miles s of Ferrol. Lon. 8 6 w, lat. 43
10 V.
Bclliai^nr/i, a town of N Carolina,
in the diftri(5t of Wachovia, noted for
being the firft lettlemtnt of the Mora-
I vians, in tliofe parts, begun in 1753. ^t
is fix miles n of Salem.
Belhniii/, a town of N Carolina, in
the diftridt of Wachovia. It is a ^lo-
ravian fettlement, and nine miks sw of
Salem
Rfthlehem, a town of Syria, in P.ah'f-
tine, fami'UB for the birtli of Chrift. It
is feated on the ridge of a hill, and now
an inconfiderable place, but much vifir,-
ed by pilgrims. H-re is a church
erefted by the fatrions Helena, in the
form of a crofs; alfo a chapel, called
the Chapel of the Nativity, where they
pretend to (how the manger in which
Cbrill was laid ; another called the Cha-
pel of Jofeph; and a third of the Holy
Innocents. It is fix miles s of Jeru-
ialem.
B E V
^M, a town of TennfyhranU;
in N th.impttm ci'unty, fituate on the
Lehigh, a br,inch of the Delaware. The
t uii txfing partly on an eminence, and
partly on the lower banks of the Ma>'
qakeH (a fine creel.) has a pleafant and
he .Ithy fitmtiiu, and is frequently vifit*
ed in fummer by the gentry from dif-
fiTent paita. It is the principal fettle-
ment in America of the Moraviantt
woo were fixed here by count Zinzen-
dorf, in 1741. The G«rman language
is more in ufe than the Englifh ; but
divine fcrvice is performed in botk
languages. Bethlehem is 5 $ miles n nw
«f Philadelphia. Lou. 758 w, lat. 40
37 N.
Bi'f/iiinc, a fortified town of France^
in the department of I'as de CalaiSf
with a caftlc. It was taken by the
allies in 1 7 10, and rcftored by the treaty
of Utrecht. It is feated on a rock, by
the river Brette, no miles N of Paris.
1-on I 25 E, lat. 50 45 N.
Jiitlt'i/, a town in Staffordfhire, with
a market on Tuefday, ig miles nww of
Stafibrd and I57 of London.
Be/lilt, a town of European Turkey,
formerly the capital of Curdiftan. It is
now the refitlence of a bey, who is
neither fubjed to the 1 urks nor Per-
fians, and has a numerous army of horfi,*-
men and infantry. It (lands on the
Khabur, between two mountains, 150
miles NN w of .Altunkupri. Ixtn. 43 xo
K, lat. ?7 10 N.
B'tliuh, a town of Ilindooftan, in
Bahar, \-:(, miles nnw of Patna.
Bctiiwc, an illand of Holland, in Gel-
dtrlaud, 40 miles long- and 10 broad,
formed by the bifurcation of the Rhine
.ibove Nimegiien, and by the union of
Its ftreams, under diHertiit appellations,
near Worcurn. It was the ancient Ba-
tavia, and formerly gave the name of
B itaveeren, or Batavians, to the inha-
bitants of the Dutch NetherJanuE- In
this ifland the anceftors of the prefent
race firft fettled, ivhen they emigrated
frrim Germany. The principal place is
NimeguPn.
Bt'uiTiiin, a to'/n of the Netherlands,
in Brabant, 10 miles s of Louvain.
Bioelniid, Norl/i, and Souf/i, two
idands of Holland, in Zealand, be-
tween the E and w branches of the
Scheldt.
Bc'i'dgeiTi, a town of WeRphalia, in
the principality of Munfter, on th«
river Ems, five miles nw of Tecklen-
burg.
Beverley, a borough in E York (hire,
ijoverned by a mayor, with a market on
Wednefday and Saturday. It baft twQ
Ivji*- ..r^ .; '.v
BH A
eburcbet» bdide the ndnfter; and a
Iftrge market>placet adorned with a
tMuutifiil crors. The chief trade it in
aultt oatmeal, and tanned leather. It
is famous for being the retirement of
John de BevcrLv, archbifhop of York,
Mfho lived here four yearR« built a no-
Baftery, and died in 711* In honour of
whom fcveral kingSt part«':'"''«rly Athel-
St»n who cbole him gu;trdian faint, en-
dowed the place with many privilegeo
and iininunUi(.'8. h is feated near the
river KuU, a8 miles e by s of York,
And i8j N oi London. Lon. o 15 w,
bt. S3 5a N.
Btvrifi;, a fc-aport of MaflTcrhufits,
in Efll'x ci-unty, lepanied from Sakir.
by a handfome bridge A coimn mn-
nul'aAuie has been cflablifhed here. It
i« a» miles nk of Bofton. Lon. 70 50
w, iat. 4»3i V.
Bcn'trufifftn, a town of Weftphalia,
in the principality of PadtTborn, at the
conflue'ice of the Bever aid Wefer, t/^
miles SE of Padcrburn.
Bcvei-unjck^ a town of N Holland, on
the Wyckcrnicei , which communicates
with the VVyc, fever, miles n of Har-
lem, and II s by w of Alrtnaer.
Beuthff!^ a town uf Siiefta, capital
of a lordihip of the fame name. It
ftands near a br.inch of the Oder, nn
the frontiers of Poland, 45 miU'« en'-'
of R.'Uibor. Lon. 18 53 e, Iat. 50 21 n.
BiiutheHf a town oi Silefia, in the
principality of Carulatb, on' the river
Oder, 1.1 miles nw of Glogau.
Bewdhfff a borough in Worcefter-
fhtre, with a market on Saturday. It
has a good trade in malt, leather, fait,
and iron ware i and a frt^fchool found-
ed by James i. It is feated on the
Severn, 14 miles n of Worv-:eiler, and
139 NW of London.
Beicleif, a river of Scotland, which
rlfes in the n of Invernefslhire, and
flowing along the s border of R'^fsfhire,
forms the fine eftuary on which (land
Invernefs and Fort St. oeorp;, c-"',
whicii terminates in th« frith of Mur-
ray- At its mouth is the ferry of Kif-
(ock.
Btr^ a town of Swiflerland, in the
canton of Bern, noted for its fait rocks,
43 miles sw of Bern.
Beziers, a city of France, in the de-
partment of rierault, lately an epif-
eopol fee. The remains of a cHi-cu.s,
axid fome inferiptions, befpc^ak its an-
ei«ot grandeur. It is fe.ited near the
Koyal panal, on a hill, at the foot of
which fidws the Orbre. 85 miles e by s
olTouloufe- Lon. 3 he, lit- 4J 30 n.
^artpeur, 9 town and fortrefs of
BID'
Hindooftant in the province of Agra»
The Britifli took it by ftorm in 1805.
It is 38 nniles w of Agra*
Bhawanikudiilt a town of Hindoo,
f^an; capital of the n part of Coim-
betoTv*. It has a ruinous fort, and two
vrr> celeonttcd temples. Many new
houfts arr ereAcd, and the place is ra.
pidly incrcafuig on a regular plan. It
lu Hated in .1 fine country^ at the con«
flueuce of the Bhawani with the Ca-
very, 56 miles »• ne of Coimbetore, an(J
100 SE of Scringapatam. Lon. 77 47 e,
Iat. II 16 N.
Biq/ara, a country of Guinea, to the
SE of B;nin, of whii'h little is known;
but irt lai •! lo have a capital of the fame
name, on the river Camarones, which
enters the Atlantic in lon. 11 30 e, Iat.
3 58 N.
Biur, a town of Sp;:!n, in Valencia,
Its principal riches cunliit in honey,
celeb.''<ited for its whitencfs and fo-
lidity, which is not .iffeded by weather,
It h fix miltrs t of Villena.
Bill I ni: fly a ♦own of Suabia, with a
ri;inuta(^lure of fuflians, feated in a
fervile valley, on the Reufs, 20 miiei
ssw ot Ulm.
Blhn\ber^y a town of Upper Hun-
gary, 15 miles N of Prolburg.
liii^ra, a town of Upper Saxony, in
Thuriii^tia, much freqiifnted on account
of its mineral fpring. It is nine miles s
of Querfurt.
Dicviier, a town in Oxfordfliire,
with a market on Friday, 11 miles nne
of Oxford, and 34 w by n of London.
Bickaneer, a town of Hindooftaii,
cipital of a circar, in the country of |
Agimcrc. It i» 42 miles w of Nagore.
Lon. 74 o K. Iat. 27 12 n.
Bidac'ii^, a town of Frai ce, in the
department of Lower Pyrttifcs, with a
cafHc, feated on thcBidor.e, 11 miles e
6f Bayoniie.
Bitlassuii, a river or Spai'i, which rifes
in the Pyrenees, and enters the bay of
Bifcay, at Kontarabia. Tliis river was,
a loug time, a fubjcfl' of difpute be-
tween France and Spain, but it is now
common between the two nations ; the I
duties paid by thofe who pafs from
Spain to France be'onging to the latter,
and by thofe who pafs the contrary]
way to the former.
liidOurg, a town of the Netherlands, I
in the duchy of Luxemburg, 30 milcsj
nne cif Luxemburg,
Biddef'ord, a feaport of England, in I
Dcvonfliire, governed by a mayor, with
a market on Fuefday. It has a trade in
coal, culm, timber, and oak bark, alfo |
in the herring and Newfoundland fift-
r I D
M province of Agrfl*
: it by ftorm in i8oj. I
>f Agra*
a town of Hindoo,
the N part of Coim-
ruinous fort, and two i
temples. Many new
:d, and the place is ra.
an a regular plan. It
le country* at the con*
Shawani with the Ca^
If F. of CoimbetOre, ani}
tpatam. Lon. 77 47 k,
mtry of Guinea, to the
which little is known;
vc a capital of the fame
ivcr Camarones, which
itic in lon. ii 30 k, <at.
of Sp^in, in Valencia,
chcs conliit in honey,
its whitencfs and fo-
lot .iffcL^cd by weather,
of Villena.
own of Suabia« with a
fuftians, featcd in a
m ihe ReufS) 20 miles
town of Upper Hun-
i of Prolburg.
n of Upper S.ixony, in
ih rrequ«*nted on account
ring. It is nine miles s
town in Oxfordfhire,
Friday, n miles nne
J 4 w by N of London.
town of Hindo«ft3ii,
car, in the country of ]
42 miles w of Nagore.
27 13 N.
>wn of Frai ce, in the
owcr Pyreiii'es, with a
thcBidori'tf, u miles t
rer or Spai 'i, which rifes
and enters, the bay of
rabia. This liver was,
fiibjcfl' of difpute he-
ld Spain, but it is now
n the two nations ; the
thofe who pafs from
be'onging to the lattefi
?ho pafs the contrary
er.
'n of the Netherlands,
Luxemburg, 30 miltsj
Teaport of England, n
:rncd by a mayor, with
[fday. It has a trade in
jr, and oak bark,alfa|
id Kewfoundlaqd fiih-
B I G
rrfcs. A great quantity of Welih Hme-
(tone is burned here; and there is a
large, pottery. It is feated on the Tor-
ridgf, 16 miles s by w of Ilfracomb,
.ind JO I w of London. • Lon. 4 n w,
bt. ?i 4N.
BiddiforJ, a fcaport of the diftri(5l of
Maini-, in York county. The county
courts are fometimes held here. It is
fituate on the feacoafl:, at the mouth of
the Saco, 14 miles ssw of Portland.
Lon. 70 35 w, lat. 4,1x6 n.
liiddcrwrc. See ^w^ura.
Didiij^ur, a town of Hindooftan, in
Allahabad, with a fort on a ftecp and
lofty rock, 50 mi' 's .« of Benares.
hicv:, a town of Poland, in Craco-
wia, nmark.ibk' for its mines of vitriol;
feati'd oil tin: W'efeloke, 50 miles se of
Cracow.
liifl', or liiennet a town of Swifler-
land, capital of .-^ fmall territory, lately
fubje^ft to the bifliop of Balcl. It ftands,
near a lake of the fame name, on the
river Siifs. 17 miles Nw of Bern. Lon.
7 18 E, lat. 46 56 N.
liitla, a town of Piedmont, near the
river Co'va, 24 miles w of Vercelli.
Bkljvid, a town of Weftphalia, ir.
the county of Ravcrlberg. The linen
made and bleached lu" f is much efteem-
ed. It is 18 miles n of Lipdadt.
liir/j^arodf a town of Riiflia', in the
government of Kurfk, and an arch-
bUhop's fee, 80 niili^s ssw of Kinflt.
Lon. 36 40 fc, lat 50 30 N.
Biflixarod, or Akcniian, a ftrong
town ol' European Turkey, in Keflarbia,
on the coalt of the Black fca, at the
mouth of tin: Diiiefter, 70 milt's s^r-: of
Bendi-r. Lon. 51 15 e, hit. 46 8 n.
liicini, a lown oi" RuHia, in the go-
vernment of Smolenlk, 60 miles nk of
Smolenlk.
Iiulo:ert:k, a town of Ruflia, in the
govtrnmcnt of Nuvoi»orod, on the s
fide of the lake Biolo, 210 miles nk of
ilovo^iorod. Lon. 37 50 k, lat. 59 40 n.
liic'^k, a town of Poland, capital of
lolachi.i, feated on the Biala, one of
the fources of the Nar^'w, 130 miles
E.vE of VVarfaw. ton. a^ 39 E, lat. 5a
40 N.
Bimilict, a town of the Netherlands,
in I'landers, fituate on the W Scheldt,
and on a fmall illand of its name, jo
mill MNw of Ghent.
li. ',-/?«/, a town of Scotland, in La-
nerkfliire, with ..he ruins of a collegiate
church, 10 mdes sk of Carnwath.
Bigglnwftdt, a town in Bodfordlhire,
with a hV'irket on Tuefday, feated on
the Ivel, 10 miles ese of Bedford, and
♦J NNv/ gf London.
B I L
Bigorrff ^ htc province of France*
bounded on the n by Armngnac. b by
Comminges, w by Beam, and $ by the
Pyrenees. Sc6 Pt/nnees, Upptr.
Bgutic, a kingdom on the w coaft of
Africa, wi«»,.'red by the Rio Grande
The capital is of the fame name, feated
on the river, 100 miles from its mouth.
Lon. 13 50 w, lat. 11 la n.
Bi/tatz, a town of Hungary, in Cro*
atia, feated on an Ifle formed by the
river Unna, 65 miles se of Carlftadt.
Lon. 16 3« E, lat. 44 51 N.
Bilboa, a city and fcaport of Spain»
capital of Bifcay. The upper part is
built moftly of wood, and has narrow
ftreets, which terminate in a great
fquare; the lower part is of freeftone
and brick, with fine broad ftreets. The
houfes are rather high, and fully inha-
bited. The principal exports are wool*
oil, cheftnnts, fword-blades, and other
manufadtiires in iron and ftcel. It i»
feated in a fertile country, on the Ibai-
cabal, which forms a good harbour near
the bay of Bifcay, 50 miles w of St. Se-
baftian, and 180 m of Madrid. Lon. 3
10 w, lat. 43 3 J N.
iiildfstoH, a town in SufTolk, with a
market on Wednefday, feated on the
river Breton, la miles se of Bury, and
63 N K of London.
Bitedutgerid, a country of Barbary»
bounded on the n by Tunis, E by Tri-
poli, s by Guei]gula, and w by Tug-
gurt. The air is hot and unhealthy.
The country is mountainous and fandy,
producing little fuftenance, except
dates, which are exchanged with the
neighbouring countries for wheat. The
inhabitants are deemed lewd, treac^.f-
ous, thievifh, and cruel. They are a
mixture of ancient Africr.is and wild
Arabs ; the former living iii towns, and
the latter in tents.
i^«.'»rt, a town of Bohemia, in the circle
of Leitmeritz, near a mountain of its
name, 17 miles w of Leitmeritz.
Bilitz, a town of Moravia \Uh a'
caftle, and a confiderable manuir<hure
of cloth ; Otuate on the Biala, on the
verge of Poland, 18 miles k.ne of Tef-
chen.
BillcTicaij, a town in EflTex, with a
m;r/kct on Tuefday, feated on a hill,
nine miles sw of Chelmsford, and 43 s
of London.
Billisdon, a town in Leiwfterfliire,
witn a market on Friday, eight miles E
of Leicefter, and 93 n by w of London.
Billam, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Puy de Dome, feated on
an eminence, 15 miles ese of Cler-
mont.
BIN
. fiilmah, a vaft bi. Injr dcfert of A*'-
rtca,Wtween FczzSti and Bomou> which
caravans are ten daya pnfTing.
Bii'-ah, a town of Hindooftan, in
Halw^, capital of a ciicar, noted for
producing excelltnt tobacco. It is no
nxilcK E of'Ougein. Lon. 77 53 t, lat.
*3 S'^ "•
B'txen, a town of the Ncthtvlands, in
the tenitcry of Litge. Near it i>- Munfter
Biifen, a celebrated temporal fcundal'on
and abbey for noble ladies. It i"* fim.ite
on the Demer, 17 milrs ki^w of Liege.
Bilsieiii, a town of thf diichy of
Weftph..iia, iituate on a mountain, s4
miles ssF. of .vrcnfbfrp.
Bil^lov, R laigi- village in Stafford-
fliirc, two miles je of V^ oiveihampton
It has a navigablo canal, communicating
with the iilaff"v)rdlliire and Woroclter-
fliire canals and ievcral great riveis.
Near it are la-ge mines of coal, iron-
ftone, &c alio furnaces, forges, and
flittuig mills ; and manufaflurcs of ja-
parned and tnamtlled i;oods.
Biriiini, one of the Bahama iflandfi,
near the channel of Bahanvi, eight miles
lorg and nearly as much b'/oad. It has
a good harbour. Lon. 79 30 w, lat
Bhnlrpatam, a town of Kindoodan, in
Golconda, fc ited on the hay of Bengal,
J2 miles N of Vifagapatam.
BiiniiOi', a town of Spa'n, in Vilencia,
feated near tlie Mcdittrrant'an, at the
jnouth of a river, which forniS .1 fmall
harbonr, feven miles N by u of iVnifola,
and 23 'j of rortofa.
BnU'ii.ch, a town in Lincolnfliire,
with a market on WcdncfUay, 30 miles
Nfc of Lincoln, and 197 .v of London.
B'.n^liy a fortified t-wn of the Ne-
therlands, ir Hainault, on the river
Have, nine miles y of M ins.
Binchiw.'it, avillig .11 the coufity of
Duiham, on the river v^'ere, near Dur-
ham. By feveral infcriptions and mo-
numents it appears to have been the
Ronxan Vieovium : and
coins ha\e been dug up here
ij.'/.^((. ., a town of Barbarv, in Barca,
with a harbour lor fmall veflels, 35 miles
sw of Tolomtti.
jij.iii^ni, a town of France, in t!ie de-
partment of Mont Tonnere, lately of
Gtrniaiy, inthearchbilhoiM-iioI Aientz.
It is le,.ied at ^ e co fliieiice of the
Nahe with the Rhine, 15 iniles w by s
of Mcntz.
Birif<:nilu'ini, a town <.>f Gtrmany. in
the ciicl« of Upper Rhine, 16 miles
VNK of Frankfort.
B'>'ff/i<"it, a town in No;tingham-
fhire, with a market on Thuifday, pins;
many H-onir-n
B I R
miles B of Nottingham^ and 114 n byw
of London.
Biiigtrij, a town in W Yorkfhire, with
a market on Tuefday, feated on thf
Aire, 14 miles tK of Skipton, and toi
NNw of London.
BiMo, the largeft river ofCbili, whi h
rife* in the Andes, runs through veins
of gold and fields o£farfaparilla, and,
parting the city of Conception, enters
the Pacific ocean in lat. 36 56 s. It is
the boundary between the Spaniards and
their Indian enemies, which obliges them
to keep-ftrong gr.rrifons on it.
Biorneittrg, a town of Sweden, in
Finland, near the mou h of the Kunc,
in the gulf of Bothnia, 75 miles N of
Abo. Lon. 22 5 E, lat. 61 42 n.
Bir, or Brer, a town of Aliatic Tur.
key, in Diarbeek, with acaftle. Itftanils
on the Euphrates, near a high moun-
tain, in a fruitful country, 60 miles nb
of Aleppo.
Birloom, a town of Hindooftan, in
Bengal, 66 miles wsw of Moorihedabad,
and rr5 NNW of Calcutta.
Birkcnj'eld, a town of France, in the
department of Sarre, lately of Germany,
in the circle of Upper Rhine ; featd
near the river Nahe, 25 miles ese uf
Treves.
Blrinnh, an extenfive empire in Afia,
to the <'. of the bay of Bengal ; contain-
inu the kinudoms of Birmah, Caflay,
Aracan, and Pegn, and .dl the w coalt
of Siam. The kingdom of Birmah,
frecpiently called Ava, from the name
of its ancient capital, has l'ei,'u o":^ the.s,
and occupies both fides of the rivev
Irrawaddy to the frontiers of Afliim
on the N ; on the w it has .'\racan and
Caflay, and on the e China and Uppi-r
Siam. This kin^jdom was conquered iii
"Ti'ij hy the king of I\i.n), who carried
the Hirman monarch prif iner to Pctii,
and caufed him to bemu-d-'red there in
i7i;4. But Alomnra, a liirman of low
dilli'!<5tion, who was coutiinied by the
co'iqueror aschicf at Monchaoon, a fin.ill
place t) the N of Ava, revolted acaiiid
the Peguefe, got poUefTDn of Av\ in
17.^?, and after carttinued battle.^, with
virious fucccfs, betam ■ the coiuiuei-er
of Pegu in 1757. This dclivircr ot' his
country continued in a Rate of warf.r.v
to W\i death in 1760 ; and his fnecc.Tois
h.ive fmce .added the other couiitriv,
which now firrr. the IMrmau empire.
The climate of liirmah is very faliibri-
ous; the feafons being regular, and the
extremes of heat a-id cold ftldor.i exju'-
ric'ced. The f >il is remarkably fertile,
producing rice, fngar-canes, tobacco,
indigo, cotton, and all the tropical fiuiU
n, and U4 wbyw
W Yorkfhire, with
[ay, feated on thf
f Skipton, and loi
river of Chili, whi h
runs through veins
otfarfaparilla, and,
Conception, entm
lat. 36 56 s. It is
sn the Spaniards and
. which obliges them
hns on it.
wn of Sweden, in
mou h of the Kunc,
inia, 7i miles n of
lat. 6i 4* N.
own of Aliatic Tur-
ith acaftle- It (lands
near a hiph moun-
ountry, 60 miles nb
[1 of Hindooftan, in
iw of Moorfhedabad,
alcutta.
vn of France, in the
1;, lately of Germany,
fpper Rhine 5 fcatcd
he, aj miles ese of
L^nfive empire in Afw,
■ of Bengal ; contain-
of Birmah, Cnflay,
and all the 'A' coaft
tingctom of Birmah,
|\va, from the name
1, has I'ei-'u on the »,
;i fides of tlic rlvev
frontiers of AiVam
it has Aracan and
E China and Uppt'r
im was conquered in
)f Pci-yii, IV ho carrieJ
h prir>ii,ir to Peg'.t,
Lie mu- d'-red tlune iii
a, a l)ir;iian of low
,s couliiitied by tin:
M()ncfiaiK)n,afin.ul
v;i, rL'vohed acninil;
lOlRfTi )n of Avi in
nued battle.^ with
jam ■ the coiui'.nnir
_ his deliverer oi"ii;i
n a Rate of warf.ra'
i and his AicccfTors
he other counlriVi
he Birman enip^"';''
inah is very falubri-
ng regular, and the
.1 cold ftldon expc-
remarkably fertile,
l^ar-canes, tobacco,
11 the tropical fruiu
B I n
in oerfedion ; and on the banks of' the
Irrawaddy, which runs s through the
whole country, is produced pure amber
and -the finelt teak timber in the world.
The kingdom of Hinnah abounds in
minerals ; it has mines of gold, filver,
rubies, and fapphires ; and aftbrds ame-
thylls, garnets, chryfolitcs, jafper, load-
ftonc, and marble. 1 he general dif-
nofition of the Birmansis ftiikingly con-
trahi'd with that of the natives or Hin-
dooftan, though ieparated only by a
narrow ridge of mountains, in .feveral
places admitting of an eafy intercuurfe.
The Hirm.ans are a lively inquilitiv* race,
aftive, irafcible, and impatient ; but the
chanider of their Hengal neighbours is
known to be the reverie. The p.idiun of
jLiiloufy, which prompts molt eallern
"nations to immure their vvonien, and
furriiund them with guards, ftems to
have little influence on the minds of the
Binnans; for their wivts and daughters
have as free intercourfc witit the other
ffx as the rules of European fociety ad-
mit. I ho Hirnuns are extremely fond
both of poetry and miirie. Their reli-
gion is, in fad, th:it of the Hindoos,
though they are not votaries of Brnma,
but fertaries of Boodh. Their fydem
of jinifprudence is didinguilhed above
any other Hindoo commentary for per-
fjji'ciiity and goOil fente. The en:iperor
i)f Birmah is a defp. tic monarch, and,
like tlie fovereign of Ci.ina, acknow-
Iwiges MO equal- The titles he aflumes
in hispub'ic ads are, "' the lord i^f 'irth
and air; the monarch of extenliveioun-
trios; thi' proprietor of all kinds of pre-
cious fti Mies ; the king who performs the
ti'n duties incumht;;n on all k'ngs; the
mailer of the white, r;'d and mottled
tk'phai ts, whofe praifes are repeated
far as the inlluenee of thefun and inoon
extends.'* The prevailing charadcriRic
of the Birmaii c -nrt is pride. 'I'hcre
are no hereditary dignities or employ-
ments in the goviTument ; lor all ho-
nonrs and ofTices, on th- doiuil'e of the
poiU'Cbr, revert to the ( rown- 'I'ue ca-^
pit.il i>f the kingdom, and metropolis of
the em, ii>', is Umairrapoora.
iiirin'ui-^iiii'iy a town in Warwicklliire,
with a marl-.et.on '1 luirf<l,\y. It is a phico
of great anliqiity, and I'lands On tin;
fuleofahill, forming nearly a half-moon.
The lower part is tiilid wiili woiklhopa
and warehoides, and eouURs thictly of
old bHiiiiings. The upper part ctintaius
many new and regular Ihvets, and a
handlbme fquare. it has two churches, i
one in the lower part, ofllic town, which,
though lattdy cafed with brick, is a
jftry ancient buijding, witji a lofty fpijc;
BIS
the other, a grand modem Ibodtiw,
having a f.;uare ftone tower, with a
eupoU and turret j it has alfo tw»
chapels, feveral meeting-houfes, a large
fchool endowed by Edward vt, 4»n ele-
gant theatre, and the completed fet of
baths in the kingdom. The hardware
manufadures of Birmingham iiave been
noted for a conlidei able period ; but of
late years, by great additions to its trade
from a vatl variety of articles, fuch as
metal buttonR, buckle-s, piatcd go ds,
japanned and paper ware, &c. it has
rifen greatly in population, and in i8ot
contained 7,?,67o inhabitants. It is plen-
tifully fupplied with coal by rmans of a
canal to Wedui Ibury ; and it has a com-
munication with the Grand Trunk from
the Trent to the Severn, by a branch
pafling by "-» olverhinpton. The Bir-
mingham goods are exported i^ great
quantities to foreign countrieR, where,
ill point of cheapiicfs and fhow united,
thiry are unrivalled See -Vo/'o Birming-
ham is 18 miles Nw of Covtmtry and
109 of London. Lon. i 50 w, lat. 5*
30 N.
Iiin\ a town of Ir».-land, in Kings
county, n(Mr the borders of Tippi'i'ary,
34 miles NK of Limerick, and 34 nnvt
of Kilkenny.
Blisf, a town of Scotland, in Al>er-
deerilhiro, fc ittd on the Dee, a8 miles
of .Iberdeen.
BirUvfj, a village in the county of
Durham, fo mdes N of Durham, noted
for a valu.ible I'alt fpring, and an ex-
tenlive innnufaduiv of fait.
Jilivii'^cd, a town of Spain, in 014
CaOile, 13 miles % o Burgos.
Jiimif a town (jf Poland, in Snmo-
gitia. 42 miles sk of Mittau.
n'/ytircii, a tov.'n 1)1 Naples, in Prin-
cipato Ulteriorc, 15 miles nk of Conza.
iiis.-diu, a town of Algiers, in r*'^
pr(wince of Coiift; ntina, and the chief
place of the diitiid v>f Zaab. It is an
ancient town. 120 miles ssw of Coa-
ilantina. low. 5 i: w, lat. 3^ 35 n...
B:-ci.u/, a province of Spain, 70 milei
Jong and ^5 bvoa.!; bounde<l 011 the w
by the b.'iy of Biu-.iy, E by Upprr Na-
varre, -•' by OKI CaiHIe, and w by Af-
tnri:i3. It cont.-.ins three divifions;
Bifcay Proper, Guipufcoa, and Alaba.
This province is a kind of republic, in
the hands of the nobility, under the
proleclioit of tiie crown. Here arc nei-
ther garriious, cullomhoufes, Aamps,
nor exciie; and nv all the royal taxes,
none are known but the donafivo, or
gratuitous donalion. Bifeay receives by
mere condefcenlion a corregidor and
A commillary of mariucb i but does not
I*
BIS
|MR«ik any mrd#r •£ the Spanilh gorenr*
meat to be «x«cuted without the fiinc-
tidn of thti province. It prodaees applet,
•ranges, and citrons ;• and hat alio wood
for building (hips and mintt of iron
and lead. The fiifcayaiw are Aout* brave*
^d choleric to a proverb; and the
lowed labourer deemt hinofelf a gentle*
vnan. They fyeak the ancient Canta*
brian language, which hat no affinity
with any other i n Europe. BilbcM is the
capital.
jBitcaif, Boff of J an extenfive bay of
H>e Atlantic* between Cape Ortegal, in
Ion- 7 35 ^'> l^t. 43 48 n, and the ifle
of Uihant, in Ion. 5 o w, lat- 48 30 n.
Bincayt NeWt a province of Mex-
ico, noted for its Giver mines. It has
New Mexico on the n , and Zacatecas
on the h ; and the Rio de las Naflasruns
through a great part of it.
Binc/iojiheim, a town of Franconia, in
the duchy of Wurtzburg, feated on the
Tauber, 20 miles ssw of Wurtzburg. —
Another, feated on the Riiom, 44 miles
,V by & of Wurtzburg.
Bisch<i/'slackf a town of Germany, in
Carniolaj with a good trade in linen and
worfted, 17 miles w by n of Laubach.
Bisclwfsioerda, a town of Upper Sax-
ony, in Mifnia, feated on the Weiferitz,
18 miles E of Drefden.
Bischufiwerderj a town of Pruflia, in
the province of Oberland, on the river
Ofsi a8 miles ne of Culm.
BischoJ'zell, a town of Swlflerland, in
Thurgau, with a caftle ; feated at the
confluence of the Sitter and Thur, 12
miles s of Conftance-
Bischwciler, a town of France, in the
department of Lower lUiine, with a
fortrefs, 14 miles why n of Hagiienau.
BisegUof a town of Naples, in Terra
di Bari, on a hill, near the gulf of Venice,
fix miles e of Trani.
Bixerfa, a leaport of the kingdom of
Tunis, in a country abouading in corn,
fruit, oil, cotton, and other valuable
produiSlions It rtands on a canal, which
communicates with a gulf of the Me-
diterranean^, 37 miles nw of Tunis.
Lo»- 946 E, lat. 37 10 N.
Bisfiop Auckland, and for other places
with the fame prefix, ice Autkland, &c.
Biskops.cantte, a borough m Shrop-
fhire, with a market on Fridav, much
frequented by tlie Welfh It is feated
near the river Clun, eight miles E of
J4ontgomery, and 159 wmw of London.
BJiipnonrt, a town of Naples, in Ca-
labria Citeriore, with a callle ; feated on
a hill, near the riv«r Boccona, 16 miles
>j of Cofenxa.
J3t;/«y, a village in Glouceftcrihire*
B L A
thretf tta\H sM of Stroud. It h«» 1 larg«
cburcti, (landing on an eminence, and
a nkanufaAure of broad cloth.
JSunogur, a town of Hindooftan, in
the country of Sanore. It wa» the ca^
pital of the ancient kingdom of Narfinga,
and formerly a large city. It is feated
on the river Nigouden, a8 miles sse of
Sanore, and 105 n by w of Chitteldroog.
Lon. 760 E,Iat. 15 30 N.
Bisnetf a town of Bootan, capital of
a diftridt on the borders of Bengal and
AfTam*^ It is 50 miles, exe of Ranga*
mutty, and 130 se of TalTafudon. Lcn^
90 45 E, lat. 36 2 7 N.
Bissagos, a cluftcr of iflands on the
w coaft of Africa. The iargeft, called
BalTago, is 80 miles in circuit, inhabited
by Portnguefe and Ncgros, and well
cultivated. Its N end is oppufite the
mouth of the Rio Grande. Lon. 1 5 10
w, lat. 10 58 N.
Bissunpowy a town of Hindooftan,
capital of a circar in Bengal, 74 miles
NW of Calcutta.
Bintncz, a town of Tranfylvania, on
the river Biftricz, 142 miles ne of Colof.
war. Lon. 15 3 e, lat. 47 3^ "•
Bilc/tCf a fortified town of France, in
the department of Mofelle, with a caflle
«n a rock. It is feated at the foot of
a mountain, near the river Schwelb, 30
miles N by w of Stralburg. Lon. 7 44
E, lat. 49 5 N.
BiieltOf a town of Naples, in Terra
di Bar], 1 1 miles ssw of Bari.
Bilonio, a town of Naples, in Terra
di Bari, 10 milts wsw of nari.
Bitschen, See Pitschen.
Bitlerfdd, a town of the duchy of
Saxony, feated on the Mulda, 14 miles
s of Deflau.
Black Forest, a foreft of Germany,
in the w part of the circle of Suahia.
It is part of the ancient Hyrcinian foreft.
Black iSVfl, the ancient Euxine, an in-
land foa, or large lake, partly in Europe,
and partly in Afia- It lies between 33
and 44 E lon. and 43 and 46 n lat.
Bhrkhink, a town of i eland, in the
county of Armagh, feven miles s of
Armagh
Blackburn, a town in Lancafhire, with
a market on Monday. Here are two
churches, feveral meeting- houfes, a
Sammar fchool founded by queen E!i-
bcth.and a vafttrade in cotton, calicos,
&c. In 1801 the number of inhabitants
was 11,980. It is feated on a rivulet,
and ni ar the Leeds and Liverpool canal,
12 miles E of Preilon, and 10^ Nxwof
London.
Blackfieath, a village in Kent, on tht
s fide of Or^cawi(:b, at the n w point
'A
roud' lth» thtfH
I aa emincBCCt and
oad clotbi
I of Hindooftan, in
ire- it wa» the ca<
ingdom of Naifinga,
e city. It is feattd
len, a8 miles sse of
y w of ehitteldroog.
ao N.
ifBootan, capital of
»rders of Bengal a«d
ijles E^iE of Raiiga-
of TaiTafudon. Lcn;
N.
er of iflands on the
The largeft, called
I in circuit, inhabited
1 Ncgros, and well
end is oppofitc the
Drande. Lon. 1 5 lo
own of Hindooftan,
• in Bengal, 74 miles
I of Tranfylvania, on
[41 miles NE of Colof*
, lat. A7 3S N.
;d town of France, in
Mofelle, with a caftlt
feated at the foot ot
the river Schwelb, 30
tratourg. Lon. 7 44
of Naples, in Terra
sw of Bari.
of Naples, in Terra
rsw of Bari.
'*itschen.
ivn i)f the duchy of
the Mulda, 14 n"l<^s
foreft of Germany,
Ithe circle of Suabia.
lient Hyrcinian foreft.
Incient Euxine, an in-
]kt», partly in Europe,
I. It lies between 33
[42 and 46 N lat.
m of V eland, in the
i, feven miles s of
In in Lancafhire, with
Iday. Here are two
I meeting- houfes, a
liinded by queen Eli-
fcde in cotton, calicos,
lumber of inhabitants
\ feated on a rivulet,
[and LiTrerpool canal,
|lon,and ao^ Nxwof
hlagc in Kent, oil tht
tb, at the N w point
B L A
flf a tofly P^in °f ^^^ ^""^ "^'"^' ^^
the heath and its borders are many
beautiful villas; alfo Morden college,
founded by fir John Morden, for decayed
merchants. In the fide of the afcent
from London to this village is a cavern
confifting of feven large rooms, which
communicate by arched avenues; the
fides and roofs of rocks of chalk; and it
has a well of clear water, a? feet deep.
Blackmorr, a village in Eflex, on the
river Can, five miles n of Brentwood.
Kear the churcli, at a fpot called Jericho,
formerly flood a priory, afterward con-
verted by Henrj' viii into a houfe for
occaftonal rL-tirement ; and here his na-
tural fon John Henry Fitzroy was born.
It is now an elegant houfe.
Bkclineiis-castlef a fort of Scotland,
in Linlithgowlhire, built on a kind of
peninfula on the frith of Forth, nine
miles NE of Linlithgow. It confifts of
four baftions, and is one of the forts
which, by the articles of union, are to
be kept in repair.
BluckpnoU a viHage in Lancalhire,
three miles w of Poulton, much rcfortcd
to for fea-bathing.
Blackivater, a river of Ireland, which
flows through the counties of Cork and
Waterford into Youghal bay.
Blackwaleff a river in Eflex, which
flows by Bradfield,Braintree, Coggefhal,
Kelvedon, and Maiden, and then enters
the eftuary, to which it gives tlie name
of Blackwater bay.
Biadenoc/i, a river of Scotland, which
yifes in the hills in the n part of Wig-
tonihirc, and after a winding courfe of
J4 miles enters Wigton bay. Several
idands are formed in its bed, which are
famous for the refort of eagles,
Blademburg, a town of Maryland, in
George county, on the E lide 01 the e
branch of the Potomac, nine miles from
its mouth, at Wafhington, and 38 sw of
Baltimore.
Biainy a town of France, in the de-
partment of Lower Loire, %% miles
KNw of Nantes.
Blair Athol^ (i town of Scotland, in
Perthfliire, with a caftle, the feat of the
duke of Athol, 36 miles nnw of Perth.
Bluir Gowriel a town of Scotland, in
Perthfliire, with a manor houfe built in
the form of a caftle, a 2 miles m n e of Perth .
Blttisois, a late province of France,
bounded on the N by Bcaiice, E by
Orleanois, s by Berry, and w by Tour-
aine. It now forms the department of
Loir and Cher.
Blaisoh, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Mayeune and Loirt^, eight
milttfiSE of Angers.
B LA
Bkmmlf a town of Frintt» In the dBi>
partment of Meurtbe, feated on tht
Vezoaze, la miles e of LuneviUe.
Blane, a town of France, in the de*
l>artment of Indre, with a caftle, feated
on tl)« Creufe, 35 miles e of Poitier*.
Blanco, an uninhabited ifland, ta th»
N of Margaretta, near Terra Frtma.
Lon. 64 30 w, lat. 1 1 59 iv .
liliinco, a cape of Patagonia, 130
miles NE of Port St. J alien. Lon. 64
42 w, lat. 47 20 s.
Blanco, a cape of Peru, no miles $w
of GuiaquiL Lon. 8j o w, lat. 3 45 s.
Blanco, a cape oh the w coaft of
Africa, 180 miles n of th,e river Senegal.
Lon. 17 10 w, lat. ao 55 n.
Blandfordt a corporate town in Dor-
fctlhire, with a market on Saturday.
In 1 73 1, almoft all the town was burnt
down ; but it was foon rebuilt, and a
neat townhall of Portland ftone on co-
lumns, in which is a pump, was ereAe4
in remembrance of that dire difafter*
and provifion againft the like. It has ^
confiderable manufacture of thread and
ftiirt buttons, and is feated on the river
Stour, near the downs, 18 miles ne of
Dorchefter, and 103 w by s 6f London.
BlandJ'ordy a town of Maflhchufets, in
Hampfhire county, »5 miles sw of North*
ampton,iand 116 w by s of Bofton.
BlandJ'ordy a town of Virginia, in
Prince George county It has a large
trade in tobacco, and is fituate on the b
branch of the Appamattox, four miles
NK of Peterfljurg.
Blancn, a t(Avn of Spain, in CataIonia«
near the mouth of theTotvlera, ao milea,
s yf Gironne. '
Blankcnber^y a town and fort of the
Netherlands, in Fbnders, tituate on the
German ocean, eight miles n e of Oliend.
Blankenhergy a t.wn of H'oftphalia,
m the duchy of Berg, on the river Siee,
12 mUes E of Bonn.
Blankcnhurgy a town of Lower Saxony,
capital of a principality of the fame
name, lately fubjed to the duke of
Brunfwick-Wolfenbuttlc. 'l*he caftl«
ftands on a craggy mountain, and is one
of the fineft buildings of the kind in
Germany. It is :^o miles se of Wolfen-
buttle. Lon. u 10 s, lat. 51 51 k.
Blaregnies. Sfc Malplatjtic'f,
Bliiuhureny a town of Suabia, in the
duchy of Wirtemburg, with a caftle on
a hill. Great quantities of fuftian and
linen cloth are made here. It is fcau'd
at the confluence of the Ach With the
Blau, 1 1 miles w of Uim.
Blaijr, a feaport of France, in the de»
partment of Girondc. It has a xood
<?itadel, and a fon on aR iflatitj in t|^
B L O
Glronde, which i« here 3800 yards wide.
Its trade cpnfiOs in^the wines of the ad-
jacent country. Its harbour is much
frequented, and the fhips which go to
Bourdeaux are obliged to leave their
guns here. It is 17 miles n of Bour-
deaux. Lon. o 35 w, lat. 45 7 N-
Blek'mgen, a province of Sweden, in
Gothland, on the coaft of the lialtic.
It is 90 miles long and 21 broad ; and,
though mountaiiuias, is one of the moft
agrre.ible coiiiitrics in the kingdom.
Ihc principal trade is in potafli, pitch,
tar, tdllow, hides, and timber. The
chifff tow.i is Car'fcron.i.
Blenlirim, a village of Suabia, fcated
on the D:uiubf, thn-i- miles n e of Hoch-
ftet. It is memoraMt? foi- the fignal
iridtory over tlie French and Bavarians,
gainvd Ai;guft a, 1704, by the duke of
Marlborouj;h.
Blert, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Iiidre and Loire, on the
river Cher, »8 miles e by s of i ours.
HlcMingtm, a borough of Ireland, in
the county of_VVickknv, fcitcd on a
riling grmmd, near the LiflV-v, 14 miles
ssw of Dublin.
Blrfchingli/, a borough in Surry,
which h;is no market ; fiated on a hill,
four miles t of Ryegale. and ai s of
London.
■ Block Island^ an ifland of the ftate of
Rhode Ifland, lyin;; 21 miles ssw of
l>Je\vport, and in Newport county. !t
is 46 miles in lencth, and _i;8 in its ex-
treme breadth, and t.imous for cattle,
(heep, butter, and chtcfc. 1 he s p.u t
of it is in lat. 4 1 8 n.
Bidckzi/I, a town of Holland, in Ove-
rytfel, with a tort; feati'd at the mouth
of the Aa, on the Zuyder Zee, where
there is a good harbour, tight miles
Nw of Stcenwick. Lon 5 39 e, lat. 52
44 N-
Bi'oif, a city of France, capital ot the
department of Loir and Cher, and
lately an epifcnpal te. The catjiedral
is a large ftnniture, fe^ited on an eminence
at one extremity of the city, and on
another eminence at the other end is a
magnificent cifllc. In this caftle vva»
born Uk' good Lewis xii ; and h»;re, in
rjSS, Il'nry iit caul'cd the duke of
Guile, and hi? brother the cardinal, to
be ;iirifiinated. Here are fome fine
fountains, fupplicd by an aquedutft,
fuppofed to have been eredted by the
Roni.ans- The pi-incipal commerce is
Jn wine and brandy; anJ the chief ma-
rufa^uics are ferges and ticken. It is
featcd on the Loire, 37 miles ene of
Tours, and 100 ssw of Paris. Lon, i
ao E, lat. 47 3jf »•
B OC
Blomez, a town of Poland, in Rfa,
fovia, ao miles w of Warfaw.
Blore, a village in Staftordfhire, jo
miles N of Utoxeter. Its heath is fa.
mous for a battle between the houfri
of York and Lancafter, in which Nevil
earl of Salifbury, for York, with roo
men only, defeated lord Audley with
10,000. The latter was killed, and on the
fpot is eredted a ftone crofsto his memory.
Blitchiil, a town of the diftridt of
Maine, in Hancock county, on Union
river, 13 miles e of Cafline.
Blytht a town in Nottinghamfliire,
with a market on Thurfday Here are
fome remains of a caitle and priory. It
is 2! miles knw of Newark, and 151 n
by w of London.
Bli/flh a village in Northumberland,
at the mouth of the Blyth, 14 milej
NNE of Newcaftle. It has a quay, anJ
exports much coal and fait.
Boad, a town of Hindooftan, in Orifla,
on the river Mahanada, 65 miles sse of
Sumbulpour, and 115 wofCattack.
Bobbin, a town of Italy, in the Mi-
lanefe, on the river Trebia, z\ miles se
of Pavia.
Bnbenhausfn, n town of Germany, in
Wetteraviii, with a caftle, feated on the
Geifbrentz, three miles sk of Frankfort.
Bobcr, a river of Germany, which
rifes in Silefia, on the borders of Jiohe-
mia, flows n by Lowenburg, huntzlaii,
and S.tgan, and joins the Oder below
( 'rofien.
Bobprslnsi; a town of Brandenhurp,
in the New m.irk, .md duchy of Croflen;
(e.Ued on the fide of a hill, by the river
IJolier, five miles s of CrolTen.
lioen del Drann, a channel between
the ifland of Trinidad and Cumana in
Terra Fnina. See /'riiiidad.
B'icliiita, a chain of mountains, in t!ie
territory of Genoa, over vi-hich is the
road into Lombardy- On the highcft
m nnUain i.s a flrong p.ifs that will
hardly admit three nitii to go ahreai> ;
and this is, properly, the Bochetta. It
is tlie key of Genoa, and was forced
by the French in 1796, and by the
Auftriana in igoo.
Bocknia, a town of Poland, in the
palatinate of Cracow, with large fait
mines, 20 miles ese of Cracow.
Bocholl, a town of Weftphalia, in the
principality of Munfter, on the river Aa,
4a miles w of Munfter.
B')</ien/iet77i, a town of Lower Saxony,
in the principality of Hildefheim, on
the river Nette, 13 miles sse of Hildc-
flieim.
Backing, a large village in Eflex, ad-
joining to Braintree. Its church is fpa-
)C
of Poland, in Ma, !
Warfaw.
in Staftbrdfhire, iq
r. Its heath is fa.
letwcen the houfci
ter, in which Nevil
'or York, with ^oo
1 lord Audley with
as killed, and on the
crofsto his memory.
I of the diftridt of
coimty, on Union
Cafline.
n Nottinghamfhire,
rhurfday Here are
aftle and priory. It
Newark, and 151 n
in Northumberland,
he lilyth, 14 miles
It has a quay, and
;md fait.
-lindooflan, in OrilTa,
ada, 65 miles sse of
15 w of C attack.
i>f Italy, in the Mi-
Trebia, a; miles SE
town of Germany, in
\ caftle, fe.it cd on the
mWs SK of Frankfort,
of Germany, which
the birders of liohe-
uvonburp, huntzlaii,
ins the Oder below
|wn of Brandenburg',
ind duchy ofCroflcn;
if a hill, by the river
of (rolfen.
a ch;inni'I between
Idad and Cumana in
i'liiiidad.
of mountftins, in th«
, ovof wh'ch is the
fly. (Jn the hij;hcft
Jong p.ifs th-it will
nu'n to go ahr(Mi> ;
, the B'^chctia. It
[oa, and was forced
1796, and by the
of Poland, in the
j)\v, with large fait
I of Cracow.
IfWcflphalia, in the
ter, on the river Aa,
ter.
i-n of Lower Saxony,
lof HildeJheim, on
liles SSE of Hildc-
village in Eflex, ad-
Its church is fpi-
BOH
Idous ; and here is a great m«iilf;tdil||
rU'^MW. a town of WcftphaMa, in
the county of Mark, a6 miles se of
Wcft^l. • • '
JiuJni See. See Constance, Lake of.
li.dmin, a borough in Cornwall, go-
Ucrned by a mayor^ with a market on
Saturday. The lummer .-iflizes arc htld
here. It has feme manutadurcs of
fcrge, and a trade in wool and yarn.
The church is the largeft in the county,
and the remains of an >pifcopal palace
and a priory are Hill to be leen. It is
31 miles NE of Falmouth, and 33? vv
ky s of London. Lon. 4 40 w, lat 50
Us N.
liodon, a fortified town of European
Turkey,, in inilgaria, and an arch-
hilliop's lee ; feated on tlie Danube, x(>
\ ) liles w of Widdin. Ion. 13 54 t, lat.
44 10 N.
Bodroch, or li'idro^i, a town of Hun-
I rary, on the river Danube, 100 miles bK
I of liuda.
Bodriin, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in
JNatolia, on the n fide of the guif of
Scalanova, 18 miles .s of Smyrna. — An-
other, on the fite of the ancient [lali-
carnaflus, on the n fide of the gulf of
I Stanchio, 45 miles w by s of MelalTa.
Bucschoi, a town of the Netherlands,
in lirabant, on the river Nethe, li
miles NE of Mechlin,
Bo^, a river which rifcs on tl»i s
[border of Volhynia, in Poland, flows
through Podolia and Budzac Tartary,
and enters the I 'lack fea, between Oc-
I aakow and the river Dnieper.
Bogdui, a country of Tartary, fituate
to the N of China. It is of great extent
and populuuc, and lubjed to the Chi-
nefe.
Boglio, or Beuil, a, town of Savoy,
fituate on the Tinea, zi nvjles nnw of
Nice.
Boglipour, a town of Ilindooftan, ca-
I pltal of a circar in Beng.al ; feated on
the Ganges, 112 miles nk of Moorihe-
l Jabad. Lorj. 87 5 e, lat. 25 15 .v.
BogHvr, a village in Sullex, feven
I miles SE ofQuclieftcr. it is an improving
place, and much frequented in fummer
1 tor fea-bathing.
Bohemia, a kingdom in Germany, soo
[miles long and ijo broail ; bounded on
the N by Mifni.i and Lufatia, k by
Sikfia and Moravia, .s by Audria, and w
by Bavaria. It is fertile in corn, faf-
Ifion, hops, and paftur*.-. The chief rivers
jsn; the Muldau, Elbe, and Oder. In
I the mountains arc mines of gold, filvcr,
cupper, tin, iron, lead, and quickfilver;
iliove ISO towns and places mi^jht be
B O K
nMned where mine-worka have hcat^
«ftablilhed. All kindsi of marble are,
likewiiV' dug in Bohemia. Almoft every
kind of pnxious floites are found here*
biit, in general, deficient in hardnefbj
thefilver,and, in part,milkwhite pearls,
gathereil in many places, are extremely,
beautiful. Thf Roman catholic re- .
ligion is the principal ; but there are
niany proteftants. The language is.
Sclavonian, with a mixture of German. .
It i<j divided into 16 circles, and fubje»3:
to the houfc of Auilria. The capital ia^
Prague. ,
Bo misdif a town of Bohemia, in the
circle of Leutmeritz, zf, miles ene of
Leutmeritz. ;
B^tliiidsch A'nhe, a town of Bohemia,
in the circle of Buntzlau, zo nailcs n of -
Jung Buntzlau.
Bolutiisc/i Hrod,n town of Bohemia, is
the circle' of Kaurzim, 14 miles tsE of
Prague.
Boliol, one of the Philippine idandSf.
to the N of Mindanao- Lon. lai 5 E,.
lat. 10 o N.
Bojador, a cape on the w of coaft
Africa, doubled by the Portuguefe ia
1433. Lon. 14 27 w, lat. »/> la N.
BoiatiOf a town of Naples, in the
Molife, at the foot of the Apeimines,
near thv' river Tilcrno. In :^.o.^ it fuf-
lerod greatly by an earthqr.ake, and
molt of the inhabitants were ileftroyed.
It IS 45 miles nne of Naples. Lon. 14/
25 E,lat. AI 30 N.
Bois le l)uc, a fortified city of Diitcti
Brabant, capital of a didrid of the fame
name, which contains alfu the towns 0$
Helmont and Eyndhoven. It has a
caftle named Papen-briel; and a little
to the s are two forti, called Ifabella
and St. Antony. It was taken by the
French in 1794- It is fituate among
moraffes, on the river Dommel, where
it receives the Aa, 2a miles e by n of
Breda, and 45 sse of Amilerdam. Lon.
5 24 ';» lat. 51 4S N.
Boisciiriiiiiiiii, a to»vn of France, in
the depaitncnt of Luiret, 25 miles ne
of Orleans.
BoUzi'iiiiiTg, a town of Lower Sax-
ony, in Meciclonburg, at the conHu-
ence of the Boitze with the Elbe, 3*
miles sw of Schwerin.
Bi'itzrnOuri:, a'town of Brandenburg,
in the Ucker mark, 10 miles w of
Prendow.
Bokhara, a city of Ufb*!C Tartary, in
Bokharia. It (lands ou a rifing ground,
fnnounded by a Hinder wall of earth,
and a dry ditch, on the s fide of the
river Sodg. The houfes are low, and
mofily. built of mud 3 but the caravan*
»0L
^Mm HbA mdR)ues- wKicli tfre nnfMr-
0tti« are all of brick. The ba/ars, or
nikrket- places, have been llately build-
kiffi } but the greateft part of them are
now in nims. Here is alfo a ftately
baitdfng for the education of the prielka.
Ofeit numfMirs of Jew» and Arabians
IhMuent this place ; and the trade with
RuiDa and m-lia is confiderable. It is
138 miles w by s of Samarcand. Lon.
6s 56 K, lat. 39 4 N.
Biikharin, or Butharia, a country of
DTbec Tartary, botmded on the n by
Turke(lan» e by Caihgur, s by Hin-
dooftan and PerGa, and w by Chorafan
and Charafm. It is fertile in corn and
fhiit, and the beft cultivated of any part
of Tartary. The inhabitants are in ge-
neral tawny, with black hair, but fome
arc white and well made. Thvy are
dieatily in their food, which often con-
lifts of minced meat; and tea is the
general drink. They are not warlike,
hut ufe the bow, lance, and fabre-
Samarcand is the capital.
Bokharia^ Little. See Cashgur.
Bolnbola, one of the Society iflands,
in the Pacific ocean, four leagues nw
of Otaha. Lon. 151 52 w, lat 16 32 s.
Boichiresk, a town of Kamtlkatka,
on the river Bolchoireka, »i miles from
its mouth, in the fea of Okotfk. Lon.
tS^^J F-»lat. 5» 54 N.
Botin^broke, a town in Lincolnfliirc,
with' a market on Tuefday. It is the
birthplace of Henry iv, and has a ma-
Hufaaure of earthen ware. It ftands at
the fonrcc of a river which runs into
ihcWitham, zi; miles e of Lincoln, and
t3« K by E of London.
Bolftowitt, a town of StleGa, iz miles
s of Ologau.
Bologna^ a city of Italy, capital of
the Bolognefe, and an archbilhop's fee.
The univerfity is one of the moft an-
cient and celebrated in Europe ; and
the academy of arts and fcienccf;, found-
ed in 171*, is a mngnificent building.
The church of St. Petronius is the
largeft in Bolcgna; and on the pave-
ment of this, Caflini drew his meridian
Kne. There are r68 other churclies,
moft of them full of paintings by great
avtifts. The fchool of pointing is im-
mortalized by the number of noble
mtfters h has produced 1 and the pub-
fie tbeatre is one of the largeft and moft
beautiful in Italy. Many of the palaces
^ tb« noVility are fumiKhed in a mag-
nifioent taftt, having being built and
•mamented when tnie Sneft works of
architcAure and painting could be pro-
cured on eafier termi. Moft of the
piriMio ftnets arc aoeommo<lat«d with
BOM
It but the buildings in ^
neral are not celebrated for beauty.
The eity contains 70,000 inhabitants,
who carry on a confiderable trade in
rich filki and velvets. The furround-
ing cODfitry produces immenfe quanti.
ties of oil, wine, flax, and hemp, »n4
fumHhes all Europe with confeAion-
ary, diftilled waters, and efTences. The
river Remo, which runs near the city,
turns 400 mills for the filk works} and
there is a tianal hence to the Po. Bo-
logna is feated at the foot of the A pen.
nines, 23 miles se of Modena, and 175
NW of Rome. Lon. 11 ai e, lat. 44
Bohgnese^i province of Italy, bound-
ed on the N by the Ferrarcfe, w by
Modena, s by Tufcany, and e by Ro'.
magna. It is watered by many fraall
rivers, and produces all forts of grain
and fruit, p.irticuiarly rich mufcadine j
grapes. Some miles before the en-
trance into Bologna, the country fecms i
one continued garden. The vineyards
are not divided by hedges, but by rows
of elms and mulberry-trees; the vinei
hanging in feftoons, from one tree to
another. There are alfo mines of alum |
and iron. This province lately belong,
ed to the Ecclefiaftical State, but it |
now a part of the new-formed kingdom
of Italy. Bologna is the capital.
Boisena, a town of Italy, in the pa.
trimoiiy of St- Peter, on a lake of its |
name, 18 miles nnw of Vitetbo.
Bo/siivrr, a town in Derbyfhire, with I
a market on Friday. It has a fpaciouj
caftle, on the brow of a hill; and is
noted for thr; manufarture of tobacco
pipes. It is fix miles e of Chefterfield, |
and 145 NNW of London.
Bohwacrf, a town of Holland, in I
Friefland, near the Zulder Zee, loj
miles N of Sloten.
Bolfon, a town in Lancafliire, withal
market on Monday. It has a canal to
Manchefter, and niarufadtures of fut
tians, counterpanes, dimities, calicos, I
and muflins. In 1801, tl^ number of I
inhabitants was 11,549. It is «iniil«[
Nw of Manchefter, and 197 nnw of
London. I
Bolton, a town of Maflachufets, in.
Worcefter county, noted for its fine
limeftoiie, 18 miles ne of Worcefter, |
and 34 w of Bofton.
Bolzano. See Botzcn.
Bomal, a toWn of the Netherlands,]
in Luxemburg, on the river Ourt,
101
..miles s of Liege.
Bombay, an ifland on the w coaft of I
the Deccan of Hindooftan, feven mildj
in length and 40 in ciicumfereDce. It I
lin Lancaftiire, witlu
\y. It has a canal to
ini.-irufaftures of fuCl
:s, dimities, calicos,
i}<oi,tNe number of
,549. It 13 II miles
r, and 197 nnw of
of Maffachufets, is.
I, noted for its fine
NE of Worceftcr,]
In.
jiotzcn. I
I of the Netherlands,!
the river Ourt, w
lid on the w coaft of
idooftan, feven mita
In cUcumferencc. R
cfAie to tkt ^«^M'^^tTS^ f
oKc. II *rithtatt»ari<»cbf Pbrtoftl,
and is one of the three pfefideiWiW of
the Englifli E India Company, by
N«rhich their oriental terntories ai-c tfo-
Tcrned. ft corttiins a ftron* and icapa-
ciou* fortjtfh « city* <iockyard, ?nd
marine arfenal. Here the fincft mer-
cliant (hips arc built, and all of teak,
fupplied tVom the neighbouring coun-
trirt, which it more durable than the
beft Englifli oak. The gi-ound is in ge-
neral barren, and good water fcarce;
but it has abundance of cocoa-n,ut9.
The inhabitants are of feveral nations,
and very numerous. It is 1 50 miles s
of Siirat. Lon. ;» 38 e, lat. i8 57 s.
Botnii, a town of the kingdom of
i Congo, on the river Loze, 140 miles
ssw of St. Salvador.
Bomrnef a feaport of Holland, in
Zealandi on the n ihore of the ifland of
Schowen, three miles e of Browerf-
I haven.
Bommcl, a town of S Holland, m the
ifle of Overflacke, feven miles w of
Wiliiamftadt.
Bohunelf a ftrong town of Holland,
lin Gciderland, in the ifland of Bommel-
jweit, on the river Waal, ai miles s by
E of Utrecht. Lon. 5 13 E» lat. 5« 50 n.
Bommclwcrt, an ifland of Holland,
I formed by the jnnftionj of the Waal
and Macfe. It lies in the province of
Gelderland, except a fmall diftriift at
(the w end, which belongs to S Holland.
jit is 15 miles in length, from Loweftein
to Fort St. Andrew, and is not more
jthan four in the broadeft part. It was
taken by the French in 1672, and again
in 1794.
Uuiia, a feaport of Algiers, in the
province of Conftantina. Near it are
the ruins of the ancient Hippo Regius.
It has a trade in corn, oil, wax, and
Iwoul, and is %yo miles £ of Algiers.
[Lon. 745 E, lat. 36 5a N.
I Bnnair^ a fertile ifland near the n
jcosft of Terra Firma, to the E of Cu-
Iracao. It is ^o miles in circuit, and has
li good harbour and road on the sw
Ifidc. Lun. 68 18 w, lat. 12 10 N.
Bonarcnlura, a bay, harbour, and
fort of Now Granada, in the province
of Popayan. It is the ftaple port of
the province, and 90 miles vr of Cali.
^m.i$ 18 w, lat. 3 %o N.
Bonavista, one of the Cape Verd
tflands, fo called from its beautiful ap-
pearance to the firfl: difcovercrs, in
[1450; but it is now become barren,
prough the extreme idleoefs of the in-
ibitauts. Lon. x% 47 w, Hit. 16 6 n.
Bonavi$t0, a cap^on the t fide of the
B O
ifland of Newfoundlan4» flLon. $• 3*
w, lat 48 15 N,
Bondorj', a town of Suabia, capital of
a county which joins the Brifgau. it ta
i« miles NNW of Zurich. ^
Baneti. See Burrowstontitfs,
Bonifacio, a fortified feaport of Cor-
ftca, with a good iiarbour, and a coral
fiihery. It ftan^t'on a fmall pcninfula,
at the s extremity of the ifland. 4*
miles S8E of Ajaccio. Lon. 8 56 e, lat.
41 35N.
Bonn, a city of France, in the depart-
ment of khine and Mofelle, lately of
Germany, in the elctftorate of Cologne.
It was the refulcnci* of the elector, and
his palace had a rich c: inet of natural
curioflties. Bonn has a Uourifliing unl-
verfity, four parifti-churclics, and fevenil
religious foundations. It was taken by
the duke of Marlborough in 1703, afta
by the French in 1794. It is feated oft
the Rhine, 14 miles s by e of Cologne.
Lon. 7 9 E, lat. 5040 N.
Bonnetable, a town of France, in the
department of Sarte, 15 miles ne of
Mans.
Bmneval, a town of France, in the
department of Euro and Loire, feated
on the Loire, eight miles n of Chateau-
dun.
Botmevillc, a town of Savoy, capital
of Faucigny, feated on tht? river Arve,
at the foot of a mountain called the
Mole, 20 miles se of Geneva. Len4
6 18 t, lat. 46 4 N*.
lionthain, a feaport of the ifland of
Celebes, on the ne part of a large bay,
where (hips may lie in fecurity during
both the monfoons. The town has a
palifadoed fort, and ftands on the s fide
of a fmall but deep river. Lon. 11728
E, lat. 5 II s.
Bonlnry, a to\Vn of Poland, in the
palatinate of Braclow, 22 miles £ of
Braclaw.
Bony, a town of the ifland of Ce-
lebes, capital of a kingdom of the fame
name, on the s coaft. The people are
called Bonginefe, or BugReflcs, and are
the moft powerful nation of the ifland.
The town ftands on the nvv fide of
Bony bay, called alfo Btiggefs bay,
which is large, but full of r cks and
(hoals. Lon. 120 35 e, lat. a 50 s.
Boogcbooge, a town of Hindooftan,
capital of the country of Cutch, 140
miles SE of Tatta, and 330 w by n of
Amedabad. Lon. 69 2 e, lat. 23 16 w.
Booneton, a town of New Jerley, in
Sufll'x county, la miles ess of New
ton.
Boonshorough, a town of the United
Statc8| in Kentucky, icatcd on Red
BOR
trrett wWch run» into the Kentucky, 3*
miles r.sv. of Lexington.
Buosvah, a town of Ilindooflan, in
Bcng.ll. 98 miles ne of Calcutta.
Ruulaii, a country of Alia, between
Bengal, Aflam, and Tibet, of which laft
it is a feudatory. It abounds in moun-
tains covered with verdure, and rich
•with abundant foreA-tn'es: tiicre is
fcarcely a mountain whofc bafe is not .
wafhcd by fome torrtnt, and many of
the loftit'ft bear populous villages, amid
orchards and plantations, on their fum-
mits and on their ruitfs. The fouthern-
mofl: ridge of the Boctan mountains
rifes near a mile and a half above the
plains of Bengal, in a horizontal dif-
tance of only 15 miles; and from the
fummit the aftonifhtd traveller looks-
on the plains below as on an extenlive
ocean. The Booteeas are much fairer
and more robuft than their neigiibours
the Bengalees, with broadir faces and
higher cheek- bones: their hair is inva-
riably black, .ind cut Ihort; their eyes
fmail and black, with long pointed
corners ; and their Ikins remarkably
Itnooth. The houfcs are built on props,
though tYie country is hilly, and afcend-
ed by a ladder : the lower part, clofed
en all fides, fervcs for holding (tores,
and accommodating hogs, cows, and
i)ther animals. The capital is Taffafti-
don.
Bopallol, a town of Hlndooftan, in
Malwa, 98 miles k by s of (^ngein.
Bopjingcn, a town of Siiabia, on the
river Kger, 19 miles nw of Donawcrt.
Boppart, a town of France, in the
department of Rhine and Mofi'lle, late-
ly of Germany, in the eledtoiate of
Treves; featcd at the foot of a mountain,
near the Rhine, eight miles s of Cob-
lent z.
Borch, a town of Upper Saxony, in
the duchy of Magdtbuig, on the river
Elbe, 14 miles nk of MaKdcburg.
Borchlui'u, a town of tiie Nether-
lands, in the territory of Liege, 15 miles
NW of Liege.
Borili iituwn, a town of Nfw Jt.rff.'y,
in Burlington county, on the w fide
of the Delaware, fix miles below i'rcn
ton, and 23 nk of Philadelphia.
Borg, a town of Denmark, the chief
place in the ifland uf I't mcrn, with a
t'ort, on remcrn found- Lun. it 5 r,
lat. 54 35 N.
Bor^o, a town of Sweden, in Ny-
land, and a bifl)op's fee; feated near
the gulf of 1- inland, on a river naviga-
ble for fmall vcllels, 24 miles kkk of
Ilelfinfors.
l^a^rjoric, a town of Italy, in the
Bait
Mantuan, on - the river Po, at th^
influx of the Oglia, 10 miles t of
Mantua.
Bor^o Si. Donino, a town of Italy,
In the duchy of Piacenza, feated on tb«
Stirone, 18 miles sw of Piacenza.
Bargo di St. Sep'Jcro, a town of
Tufcany, in the Florentiho, with a fort,
feated near the fource of the Tiber, 1%
miles NE of Arezzo
Bnrja, a town of Spain, in Arragon,
in a fruitful fpot near Mount Cayo, 4s
miles WNW of Saragofla.
Burja, a town of Peru, in the audience
of Quito, fituate on the head waters of
the river Ama? >n, 30- miles e by n of
Paita. Lon. 70 .<6 w, lat. 4 is s.
Boriquen, an ifland in the W Indies,
near Porto Rico. It is uninbabitcil,
though fertile, and the water good.
Here is a great tiumber of land crabs,
whence fome call it Crab.Ifland. Lon.
66 o w, lat. i3 o.
Borkrlo, a ftrong town of Holland, in
the county of Zutphen, remarkable for
having been the fubje»it of two wars;
one in 1665, againft ihebifhop of Mun-
fter, and the other with France, in 1671.
It is feated on the river Borkel, 15 miltj
ENF. of Zutphen.
Borkcv, a town of Weftphalia, in the
principality of Munfter, with a colle-
giate church, feated on the Aa, 38 miles
w of Munfter.
Bormioy a town of Swiflerland, ca-
pital of a county of its name, on the
confines of Tirol. About a mile from
the town are medicinal baths. It i)
feated at the foot of the mountains, on
the river FreduUb, near its confluence
with the Adda, 40 miles SE of Colrt.
Lon. 10 ao E, lat. 46 17 N.
Bortia, a town of Upper Saxony^ ia
MIfnia, with a manufadure of ftuffs,
foated ni ar the river PloyH'e, 13 miks
K^E of Lfipfic.
Jiurncu, an ifland in the Indian ocean,
difcovered by the Portuguofe in i;2i
It is of an oval figure, 900 miles long
and 600 broad. The inland country is
mountainous; but toward *the fea loiv
and mirfhy, efptcially on the nutthcrn
fide, where it i« covered with fortftsoi
Kirge trees, which penetrate for fcorc!
of miles toward the centre of the ifland.
It produces rice, pepper, fago, dia-
monds, gold, pearls, canes, bees-wax,
camphor, dragonfljlood, edible birds 1
neft.s, and I'andal wood. The orang-
outang abounds in this ifland. 1 lie
Englilh had fidories here; but differ-
ences ariling between them and the I
natives, they were driven awayt or
murdered, ia 1706' The Dutch srcj
river Po, at thi
a, lo miles » gf
, a town of Italy,
en '/a. feated on the
of Piacenza.
polcro, a town of
entiho, with a fort,
ce of the Tiber, it
Spain, ill Arragon,
ar Mount C»yOi 4t
;ofla.
?€ru,in the audience
1 the head waters of
30' miles E by n of
w, lat. 4 15 «•
nd in the W Indies,
It is uninhabited,
d the water good.
mber of land crabs,
L Crub.Ifland. Lon.
; town of Holland, in
phen, remarkable for
Libje»tt of two wars;
\ ihc blftiop of Mun-
with France, in 1671.
river Borkel, 15 mikj
of Weftphalia, in the
unfter, with a colk-
d on the Aa, 38 miles
of Swiflerland, ca-
of its name, on the
About a mile from '
diciiial baths. It i»
of tht! mountains, on
, near its confluence
rnilos SE of Coirc
46 17 N.
of Upper Saxony^ ia
anufadure of ftuffs,
ver Plcyllc, 13 ™1«
1 in the Indian ocean,
Purtiit;uefi' in I^2l
,nirc, 900 mik'3 Ions
;ht; inkuul country is
t()\v;u-d 'the f>;a low
ially oa the uovthi-rn
)vcred with fortftsoi
pfm;trate for fcord
ccnlro of the iilar.d.
pepper, fago, dia-
hy ciuies, bees-wax,
blood, edible birds
wood. The orang-
in this illand. 1 le
ies here; but differ-
recn thera and the
,c driven away? 01
6. The Dutch sre
BOW the only Europeans who have fct-
tlemeptd here, and their chief feAories
are «t the mouth of the Banjer and the
|J>ontlana. The feacoaft it ufually over-
fl<j»ed half the year, and when the wa-
ter* go off» ^^^ *""*' '* co*""^** W'*'*
mud} for which rcafon fome of the
botifes are built on floats, and others on
pillars. The muddy flats are divided
by rivers, which branch into numerous
L^nals, and are the only roads into the
I interior partn. The countries on the
Icoaft are inhabited by a mixture of
Malays, Moors, Javanefe, and Macaf-
liars. The real natives of this ifland are
the Biadjoos, or Dajakkefe, who are
blacks and pagans, and live in the in-
Iterior part, on the w fide of the Banjer ;
[but their country is little known. They
are of middle ftature, and well made,
Uo almoft naked, and are tatooed blue.
They come down the Banjer in rude
ll^ats to the port of Banjermnning, with
J gold duft and other articles, tht? Moors
Isalled Banjareens being the faflors. The
Icbiefs extraft one or two of the fore
Iteeth, fubftituting others of gold; and
Iftrings of the teeth of tigers, a real
Ibsdge of courage, are worn round the
ineck. The coalt of this ifland is divid->
led into feveral kingdoms, the principal
I of which are Borneo, and Banjermaf-
I ling.
Borneo, a kiggdom on the nw fide of
[the ifland of Borneo, governed by a
Ifultan, who lives in great (late. The
{capital, of the fame name, is large and
Ipopulous, with a good harbour. Lon.
Ill* »7E, lat. 4 5^ N.
Bornholm, an ifland of Denmark, in
Ithe Baltic, of an oval form, about 12
I miles in circumference, pnd nearly fur-
■ rounded by rocks. The foil is ftony,
IBut fertile, with excellent pailure ; and
Ithere are mines of coal, and quarries of
I marble. It lies 10 miles s e of Schonen,
lin Sweden. The chief town is Ronne.
Bornou, an extenfive empire of Ne-
Igroland, having Caflina on the w, and
I Nubia on the e. It confids of a num-
I ber of oafes, or fertile fpots, interfperfed
I with arid wades- The climate is faid
jto1)e charafterized by exceflive, though
[not by uniform, heat. Two feafons,
lone commencing foon after the middle
I of April, the other at the fame period
in Oaober, divide the year. The firft
[is introduced by violent winds from
Ithe SR and s, with intenfe heat, a de-
jiugc of fultry rain, and fuch tempefts
Igf thunder and lightning, as deflroy
pultjtudes of the cattle, and many of
Ithe people. At the commencement 6f
w fecond feafoo, the ardent heat fub-
BO R
fides ; the air becomes foft and mild, and
the weather perfedtly fcrene. Maizct
rice, the hone-bean of Europe, th«
common kidneybean, cotton, hempt
and indigo, are cultivated; and theiit
are figs, grapes, apricots, pomegranates,
lemons, limes, and melons. The nvoft
valuaMe tree is called Rcdeynah, in
form and height like an olive, the \eai
refembling that of a lemon, and bearing
a nut, the kernel and (hell of which are
in great eftimation ; the firit as a fhiit, '
the lad on account of the oil it pro- '
duces. Horfes, alTes, mules, dogs, hom-
ed cattle, goats, (heep, and camels (the
fle(h of which is much cfteemed) are
the common animals. Bees are fo nu-
merous, that the wax is often throwa
away as an article of no value. The
game confids of partridses, wild ducks,
and odriches, the flem of which is
prized above every other. The other
animals are the lion, leopard, civet cat,
wolf, fox, elephant, bu(falo, antelope,
and cameleopardalis ; and there are
many fnakes, fcorpions, centipedes, and
toads. T\\e complexion of the natives
is black; but they are not of the Negro
cad. The drefs of the greater .part
confids of (hirts of lilue cotton manu-
fadlured in the country, of a red cap
brought from Tripoli, and a white
nmflin turban from Cairo. N<>fe-rihg8
of gold are worn by the principal peo-
ple. But the only covering of the
poorer fort is a kind of girdle for the
waid. In their manners the people are
courteous and humane : they are paf-
fionately fond of play; the Jower cla(res
of draughts, and the higher excel In
chefs. More than 30 different lan-
guages are faid to be fpoken in Bornou
and its dependencies ; and the reigning
religion ia the Mahometan. The mo-
narchy is cle<ftive. On the death of the
fovercign, the privilege of choofing a
fuccelTor from among his fons is con-
ferred on three perfons, whofe age and
chara(5ler for wifdom are denoted "by
the title of elders. The fultan is (aid
to have 500 ladies in his feraglio,And
that his ftud likewife cont^ns "500
horfes. His dominions extend beyond
the defert 'into the fertile country of
Negrdland, of which he po(refle8 a
Inrge portitifl. He has a vad army,
which confids almoft entirely of horfe.:
the fabre, pike, and bow, arc their wea-
pons of offence, and a dield of hide*
is their armour.
Bornou^ the capital «f the emj>ire of
the fame name, with a palace like a
citadel. The whole <lity la furrounded
by a high wall, encompalTcd with a
O
BOS
ditch; but the otbrr towni of the kin|f«
dom are open. The principal trade la
in gold-duit, flavcs, borfe»» oftrichea
fcatherB, fait* and civet. It is fcated on
the Oaarl» 7jo milea en a of Caflina.
I'On. tj 5 a, lat. 19 45 n.
Jioroughbridffe, a borough in N York-
fhire» with a market on Saturday, and a
trade in hardware. Here Edward if»
in 1313* defeated the rebel earl of Laa-
cafter. It it featcd on the Ure, over
which ia a ftone bridge, 18 milea n w of
York» and 106 n by w of London.
BmrritHo, a town of Spain, in Va-
lencia, at the mouth of the Millas, % 1
miks N of Valencia.
Borrowdole, a village in Cumberland,
fix milea a of Kefwick. It ftands at the
head of a narrow and crooked valley,
and ia famous for mines of wadd, or
black-lead, a fubftance almoft peculiar
to England.
Borrowttonness, or BoHesf, a town of
Scotland* ia LinlithgowHiire, with a
fafe and commodious harbour on the
frith of Forth. It has a confidtrable
trade in ihip-building and coal, and ex-
tenfive manufaAures of fait and ftoii«>
ware. It is Rve miles H of Linlith-
gow.
Bosa^ a feaport of Sardinia, and a
biibop's fee, with a caftle, on a river of
the fame name, 17 miles sse of Alg i.
Lor. 8 50 e, lat. 40 a^ k.
Boscawen Islmidf an ifland in the
Pacific ocean, about 10 miles in cir-
cumference. Lon. 17; low, lat. 15 $0 s.
BojcOf or Boichi, a town of Italy, in
the Milanefe, featcd on the Orbe, Hve
miles E of Alexandria.
Boscolel, a village in Shropfliirc, nine
miles SE of Newport, where Charles ii
was concealed in an oak, after the bat-
tle of Worcefter.
Bosniai a province of European Tur-
key, I20 miles long and 70 broad;
bounded on the n by Sclavonia, v. by
Servia, s by Albania, and w by Dal-
inatia and Croatia. It is mountainous,
but fertile, cfpedally near the rivers.
Semo is the capital.
BotrOf a town of Syria, where Ma-
homet is faid to have received much
Infonnation from a Neitqrian monk,
toward founding his religious do^rines.
It is 100 miles s of Damafcus. Lon. 37
10 B, lat. 32 20 N.
Bossiny, a borough in Cornwall, that
has now no market, feated near the
Briftol channel, 17 miles nw of Laun-
cefion, and 233 vv by s of London. See
Tintagel.
. Bostj a ftrong town of Perfia, capital
«>f Sableftan. It is feated on the Ueer-
BOS
mund, ifO miles wsw of Candahi^
Lon. 64 15 E, lat. 3« 30 N.
Boston^ a borough in Lincolnftiin,
Kovemed by a mayor, with • market si
Wcdnefday and Saturday. It ia ftat44
on the Witham, not far from ka inlhu
into the Tea; but its barboar can admit
veflels of inferior burden only. It hai
a navigation to Lincoln, paitly by tht
Witham, and partly by a canali and
there is another canal to Bourn, ft bat
a trade in wool ; and the lofty tower of
its large Gothic church is a noted fiRu
mark. It is 17 miles se of Linci^o,
and 113 N of London. Lon. o 5 E, lat,
Boston, the capital of Maflachufett,
and of Suffolk county, fcated on a pcnin. j
fula, at the bottom of Maflachufett
bay, covered by numerous iflanda and I
rocks, and defended by a caflle. It li«t
in the form of a crefcent about the har-
bour ; and the country rifing gradually
beyond, affords a delightful profpeft.
There is only une iafe channel to ap.
proach the harbour, and that fo nar.
row, that two (hips can fcarcely (ail
abreaft ; but within the harbour there it
room for joo fliips to anchor. At the
bottom of the bay is a pier, near looo
feet in length, to which fliips of the
greatcft burd^n may cone clofe. Moft
of the public buildings are handfomt,
and fom(? of them elegant. Franklin
Place is a great ornament to the town;
it contains a*monument of Dr. Franklia
(who was bom here) and is encompafl.
ed on two fides with buildings of fupc-
rior elegance. The ftreets are hand.
fome, particularly that extending from
the pier to the townboufc. Here are|
19 editices for public worihip, belong,
ing to fcdts of various denominations J
and fevcn freefchools, fupportcd at the
public expence. The foreign and do-
mcftic trade is very confiderable ; and
the principal manufadtures confift of
rum, loaf-fugar, canvas, cordage, ben,
pot and pearl afh, glafs, tobacco, and
chocolate. On the w fide of the town
is the Mall, a beautiful public walk;
and fifteen of the illands in tht harbour
aflbrd pafturage and corn, and fumilh
agreeable; places of refort in fummertol
parties of pltafure. In the neighbour'
hood of Boiton, the firft hoftilities con. I
meiiced, in 1775, between the coloniftll
and. the troops of the mother country'J
who evacuated the town in March 1776.!
It is SJ3 miles ne of New York. Lon>|
70 .59 w, lat. 42 22 N. I
Bostcortli, Market^ ^ town in LcicefJ
terfliire, with a market on Wcdnefdaff
In its vicuiity was fought the fainoi^l
T"^'
»w of Candahaiv
1 in Lincolnfhbt,
, with » market «•
irday. UUfMttd
far from Its infha
barbovr can admit
irden oniy. Ithu
icolo, partly by thi
tf by a canali and
il to Bourn. It bat
1 the lofty tower of
urch Is a noted tn^
lea SE of LincolD,
>n. Lon. 05 '» 1^
tal of Maffachufeti,
ty,fcatedonapenin-
m of MalTacnufcti
imerouB iflanda and
d by a caftle. It \H
efcent about the bar-
intry rifing gradually
delightful profpeft.
Ijife channel to ap.
ur, and that fo nar.
,ip8 can fcajcely {ail
n the harbour there il
>8 to anchor. At tk
,y i» a pier, near seoo
> which fljips of the
lay cone ch)fe. Moft
ildings are handfomt,
tm elegant. Franklin
rnament to the town;
iment ofpr. Frankliu
sre) and is encompaff*
ith buildings of fupt-
*he ftreets are hand-
that extending from
ownhoufc. Here are
iblic worfhip, belong,
rious denominations;
Dols, fupported at the
The foreign and do- 1
;ry confiderable ; and
inufaftures confift of
:anvas, cordage, beer,
I, glafs, tobacco, and
le w fide of the town
.autiful public walkj
[iflands ui the harbour
ind corn, and fumilh
if refort in fummerto
'. In the neighbour,
ic firft hoftilities cop
[between the coloniftJ
the mother country,
town in March 177''
of New York, L(ft|
If/,' a town in Lcicef-
larket on Wcdnefdait
Is fought the fanioai
BOT
iMttle between Richard 11 1 and the nx\
of Richmond, afterward Henry fii, in
which the former loft his crown and
life. It is feated on a hill, ij miles w
ofLeicefter,and 106 nnw of London.
Botany Bay, a bay of New b Wales,
difcovcred by Cook in 1770, and fo
called from the great quantity of herbs
found on the fliorc. The promontories
which form its entrance are named
Cape Banks and Point Solandcr. It
was originally fixed on for a colony of
convi&s from Great Britain, which, in
the fequel, took place at Port Jackfon,
13 miles further to the n. Lon. 151
ai E, lat. 340 s, .
Botany hland, a fmall idand, m the
Pacific ocean, to the sk of New Cale-
donia. Lon. 167 17 E, lat. aa a7 s.
Biitesdale. a town in Suffolk, with a
market on Thurfday, feated in a valley,
15 miles NE of Bury and 86 of London.
Bothnia, East, a province of Sweden,
in Finland, on the a fide of the gulf of
Bothnia, between the provinces of
Kimi and Finland Proper and Ruflia.
It 18 300 miles in length, and from 90
to S20 in breadth. On the feacoaft,
and toward the s, the land is low and
marfby; and the fummers are often fo
cold as to dcftroy ^reat part of the
crops. The inhabitants are thinly
fpread over this large fpace, the cattle
Imall, and bears numerous. The prin-
ip«J exports are timber, butter, whale
il, pitch, and tar. This province is
fometimcs called Cajania, and the ca-
ital is Cajancburg. ^
Bothnia, West, a province of Sweden,
n Noidland, on the w coaft of the gulf
f Bothnia. It is 230 miles in length,
jetween the feacoaft and Swediih Lap-
land, and from 15 to 50 in breadth,
"he foil is tolerably fertile, but fudden
ofts in July often deftroy the ax>p« ;
jid it has mines of copper and iron,
ind numerous fbrefts. The chief ar-
icles of commerce are the Ikins of
[oxes, ermins, bears, wolves, reindeer,
tters, &c. The capital is Uma.
Bothnia, GulJ'qf, a fea or large gulf,
•ranching n from the Baltic, at the ifle
f Aland, and bounded on the w, n,
nd E by tht dominions of Sweden,
~n its coafts are many fmall iflands.
Boiley, a village in Hampfbire, fix
lies E of Southampton, on the river
amble, noted for a confiderable trade
Hour.
hotte^ord, a village in Leicefterfliire,
in the confines of Nottinghamflure an4
rincolnftiire, feven miles w by k of
Vantham. Near it, on a lof^ emi-
nce, is Belvoir caftle, the ancient (cat
BO-V
ofthedukeiofRutlasd. ti; the church
are feveml handfomt monumenu 0^
that noble family t and nuny Romaii
antiquities have bees Ibuna in the
neishbouthood.
Botwar, a town of Suabia« in th«i
duchy of Wirtcmburt, on a riTer of U«
name, 15 milet ssi of Hailbnni>
Botun, or BoUam, a town of Gcr-)
many, in Tyrol, capital of the di^ft
of Etfchbmd, with a caftle. Ria cfle.
brated for its excellent wine, and baa
four noted annual fidrs, frequented by
freat numbers of Germans, Swifs, and
talians. It ftands on the river Eifach^
furrounded by mountains, »a miles sW'
of Brixen. Lon. n 15 b, lat. 46 33 V4
Bova, a town of !Kaplrs, in Calabria
Ulteriore, r.? '.niles se of Reggio.
Bnuchain, a fortifitid town of France,
In the department of Nord, divided
into two parts by the Scheldt. It was
taken by the allies in 1 7 1 1, but retaken
the year following; and was invefted
by the Auftri;;ns in 1793, but foon re-
lieved. It is nine miles w of Valen-
ciennes.
Bouchart, a town of France, in the
department of Indre and Loire, fituate
on an ifland in the river Vienne, 15,
miles 88W of Tours.
Bouchemain, a town of France, in
the department of Maytsine and Loiren
foiu: miles s of Angers.
Bouclani, a town of France^ in the
department of Ooubs> ught miles a of
Bcfaiiqon.
Boudry, a town of SwilTerland, in the
county of Ncuchatel, four miles sw of
Neuchatel.
Bovellcs, a town of Prance, in th^
Department of Somme* fix miles wsw;
of Amiens.
Bouillon, a town of the Nethe|;IandSy
in Luxemburg, with , ,1 caftle, on ai|
almoft inaccemblc roch. The Frencl)
took it in 1676, when |^ewts xiv gave
it to the duke of Bouillon. In 1794
this town was takon tiy ftorm, by ge^
ncral Beaulieu, after cleieating a cpiv-
fiderable body of Fre^ich republicans^
and given up to pillage. It is featfd
near the river Semoy. fix miles "NKof
Sedan, and 46 w by d of Luxemburg.
Lon. $ ao B, lat. 49 4f n •
Bouilly, a town of France, in the
department of Aub^ feven miles s of
Troyes.
Bevignet, a town of the Nethf>.'*Und#»
in Namur, on the river Meuih* te^
miles s of Namur.
Bovino, a town of Naples, in CapiUt
pata, feated at the foot of the Apeut
mnetf is miles nk of BeneteotOk
^ Oai
BO U
li'iulat/, a town' <)f .France, in the de-
Sartment of MofelFe, .j miles ne of
fctr. •
fiiitthitnf,'^ feaport of France, in the
d»'partment of Pas de C.ilais. It was
lately* an epifcopM f«-e; and is dittded
irito^vwo towns, the higher and thtf
lo^ycr. The hirhcnir has a mole for
the (afety of the; fljips, and to prcvoiit
It from bring choaked up. It is feated
at the mouth of the Liannc, 14 milt's
ssW of Calais. Lon. i .^ e, lat. 50
Tiiyjfrlon, an iflsnd in the Indian
(ICean, 60 miles long and 45 broad,
lying 300 milos r, of Madagafcar. It
has not a fafe haiijotir, btit there are
many good roads for fliippini:. On the
sE is a volcano U ii-' a fertile ifland ;
g reducing, in p.-trticular, excellei.t to-
acco. The F.ench fettled herein 1672,
and havefome confiderable towns ; and
here their India fhips tourh for refrefli-
nients. The chief town is St. r*enys.
Lon. ,5 lo E, lat. 20 54 s.
Bonrhnn, a town of Kentucky, ehief
of a county of the fame name. It ftands
on a point of land formed by two of the
s branches of the Licking, 20 miles ene
of Lexington.
Jioiirl'on Liinrrj, a town oF France, in
the depnrtme'i- of Saone and Loire,
celebrated for its hot miner.d waters,
and a lart^e marble pavement, cnlled
the Great Bath, which is a work of the
Romans. It i928 miles sw of Aiitun.
Bourbon I' Archamhaitd, a town of
France, in thu department of Allier,
celebrated for its hot batli?;, and for
ciying name to the family of the late
king of France. It is fituatt? near the
river Alier, 15 miles w of iMoulins.
lioHrbonuc Irs Jiaim; a town of
France, in the department of Upper
Marne, famous for its hot baths. 18 miles
ENE of Langrcs.
J3oKr/-on?/t;M',a late province of France,
bounded on the n by Nivcrnois and
Berry, w by Barry and Marche, s by
Anvergnc, and e by Burgundy and
Forea. It aboi'bds in coni, fruit, paf-
iure, wood, game, and wine. It now
forms the departrocixt of Allier.
houT(oiir<^, a town of France, in the
jlepartaient of Nord, (eated near the
jriver Aa, and on ;i catinl that cornm'i-
ntcAtes with Calai'^ and Dunkirk, 10
inileB sw of Dunkirk.
■ BoujrlrduT, a city and feaport of
Ffancf;' capital of the department of
Cirondu, and w archiepifcop-.I fee,
with a unir^rfity, an acuder.iy of arts
inrf fcicncre.' a public library, and a
Urge h^pital, in which are nuDy ma«
B OU
nufiAuren. It is built in the form of jt
bow, of which the river Garonne is the
ftring ; and the harbour it large, with
grand and extenfive quays. It has it
gates, and is one of the firft cities of
France for magnitude, riches, and beau.
t\'. The cathedral is much admired.
The caftle, calieil the Trumpet, is fur-
rou'.^ded by the river ; and ne;ir anotht-r
caftle are fine walks. The moft re.
markabltf antiquitJes are the palace of
Galienus, built like an amphitheatre;
and fcveral aquedufts. It has a confi.
derable trade, particularly in claret and
brandy. Here Edward the black prince,
of England, relided feveral years, and
his fon, afterward Richard xi, was
born. It is 87 miles n of Rochelle, and
.UJ sw of Pariji. Lon. o 34 w, lat. 44
50 N.
Hourriirtriif a town of the Nethpr-
land.s, in Namiir, tive miles n w of Huy.
Uniirn, a city of France, capital of j
the department of Ain. Near it is the
magnificent church and monaflery cf|
the Aupuftins. The principal com. f
merce is in corn, hori'es, cattle, and
white le.ither. It Hands in a m.irihybut
fertile coBT-.ciy, on the river ReiToufle,
yf> miles ne qf Lyon, and 233 ssEofj
Paris. Lcn. 5 19 e, lat. 4(S n n.
Boiir^, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Gironde, with a tide har-
hour on the Dorgogne, near the point I
of bnd formed by the junction of that
river with the Garonne. It has a great I
trade in wine, and is 15 miles N by s of i
Bonrtleaux. I
liiiur^, a town of Guiana, in tlie)
Ifland of Cayenne. Lon. 51 50 w, lat.I
S vs.
Bunrr^anriif, a town of France, in thel
department of Crcufe. Here is a ioftyl
tower, facetl with (tones cut diamond.)
wife, ereded by Zifim, brother of Ba-[
jazet I r, emperor of the Turks, whenl
he was obUgeil to exile himfelf, after thtl
lofs (if a decifive battle. Bourganeuf ill
feated on the Taurion, ao miles NErf|
Limoges.
Jiourgcs, a city of France, capital o[)
the departinent of Cht-r, and an ardii-f
epifcopal fet',with a unive'rlity, foundrfl
by Lewis xt, the Nero of France, wliol
was born heivj. In extent it isoneofl
the greatcfl cities in France, but tlicial
habit.!nts hardly exceed lo.aoo. TfiJ
princi[Ml maiiufadures an? cloth, woolj
len Huffs, ;md flockings; butthetradi
is inconfiderable. It is feated at ttJ
conflux of the Auron and Yevre, ij
miles Nw of Never.s, and 125 sofPariif
Lon. a 24 K, lat. 47 5 n.
BouTgei, a town of Savoy, on a
17 . ,
ill in the form ofa
ver Oarofine U the
30ur »« large, with
quays. It bas u
f the firft cities of
le, riches, and bea«.
is nrwjch atlmirtfd.
ic Trumpet, is fur-
r ; and war .inntht-r
Iks. The moft re
■9 are the palace of
e an amphitheatre;
ifts. It has a confi.
icularly in clnrct and
ard the black prince,
i\ fcveral years, and
i\ Richard n, was
les n of Rochelle, and
Lon. o 34 w, lat. 44
own of the Nethpr-
HvemilesNWof Huy.
of Franco, capital of 1
if Ain. Near it is the
•ch and monallery (f |
The principal com. I
•n, horl'irs, cattle, and
t Itandsinamnrihybut
nn the river RelTouflV,
Lyon, and 233 sse of
9 E, lat. 4^ II N-
n of France, m the de-
ronde, with a tide har-
irgogne, near the point
by the junftion of thit
aronne. It has a greit
id is 15 miles n by Eof
vn of Guiana, in ttiel
ne. Lon. 5a jow.IatJ
town of France, in t!« I
Jreufe. Here is a loftjl
h ftones cut diamond-?
f Zifim, brother of Ba-I
or of the Turks, whenl
o exile himfelf, after thtl
• battle. Bourganeufiil
r-iurion, ao miles NEofI
Ity of France, capital oil
\ of Cher, and an archJ
Kth auniverlUy.loundeJI
\e Nero of France, wbl
J In extent it is one oil
lea in France, but thcial
ly exceed 20,000. Tli|
Itaftures are cloth, woijl
Iftockings; butthetrafl
Ve It is feated at tti
. Auron and Yevre, il
Uters,and laj aofPantj
fwn of Savoy, on a la
BOW
iif the fame name, near the Rhone, (ix
miles N of Chamberty.
Jioitrgneufy a feaport of France, in the
(Icp.irtHK'nt of Lower Loire. The chief
trade is in fait, made from the adjacent
fait- marlhes. It ftands on a bay to which
it gives nnme, between the iflc of Noir-
inoiititT and the continent, 20 miles sw
of Nantes. Lon. z 3 w, lat. 47 4 n.
liows^ufil, a town of France, in the
depsitinentof Indre and Loire, sj miles
»' of Tours.
JinuTiuunt, a town of France, in the
department of Uppor Marnc, on a Ittep
Mountain, 20 milfs v. by n of Chaumoiit.
ll'iuin, a town in Lincolnihirt*, with
.1 ni.ii ket on Satuiday. It has a naviga-
hlv eaiwl to Bofton, and is fcattd at the
l.iiii ce <»f a rivulet that runs to Spalding,
jj miles i of Lincoln, and 97 n of London.
Ji'juro, one of the Molucca iflands,
b«.'twefn Celebes and Ceram, 90 miles
U»ng and 30 broad. Sonu- mountains
in it are extremely high, and the fea on
one lide is uncommonly deep. It pro-
duces nutmegs and cloves, cocoa and
banana trees, and many vegetables iiv-
troduced by the Dutch. The chiiif
town is of the fame name, allu called
C-ijeli, from the bay on which it is feat-
ed. Lon. 127 25 k, lat. 3 30 s.
Bourtlws, a town of France, in the
department of Pas de Calais, 12 mites
s£ of Boulogne.
Boussuc, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Croufc, with a caftle on a
rock, 2S miles nk of Gueret.
li'iu/iiu, one of the Molucca iflands,
ill tlic Indian occau, 12 miles sk of Ce-
Icbi'S. Lon. 123 30 E, lat. 50 s.
IhiuonviUe, a town of France, in the
department of Mofelle, on the river
Nied, 27 miles :.'K of Metz.
yioff, a town in DevonUiire, with a
market on Thurfday ; fcitcd at the
loiirci' of a river, wliich Hows into the
Taw, 14 miles kw of Exeter, aiKl 188
w by s of London.
liiiw, a villa(;e in Middlcfex, two
miles KNK of London. It has many
mills, tnanufadiure.s, and dillillorics, on
thf nver Lea, over which is <i bridgf,
faid to be the firit ftone onu built in
En;;l;nid, and that from its aichcs It re-
ceived ilie name of Dow.
lioir, an ifland in the Pacific oco-::ii.,
about 30 miles in circumference. Lon.
141 10 Wjlat. j8 23 s.
lioK'nvi, a vilb.go in Weftmorland,
on the K lido of Winderme'c-water,
nine miles w by n of Keiulal, It is a
great mart for filh and charcoal, and
j the chief pi ice for trading and plcafuie
I boats ufcd in navigating the lake.
fi 1 A
Boiontss, a village in Cumberland, at
the w end of the Pidts vrall, m\ Solway"
frith, 13 miles w by n of Carlille., It
wiis a Roman (latio^i, called Blatiim
Bulgium i and hence Antoninus began
his Itinerary.
lioxhcr^, a town of Germany, in the
circlv' of Upper Rhine, with an ancient
c.illlc on an eminence; fealed on the
Tauber, 13 miles w of M<:rgent}ieitu.
Biiiford, a village in Suffolk, five
miles from Sudbury. It has a great
tradi' in matt, and a manufaifture fur
dreding flieep and deer (kins in oil.
yj'/i/f'j/, a village in Kent, four miles
N of Mnidftone, famous for an abbey,
founded in 1 146, Ibmc remains of whicb
Aiil fxiit. In this abbey, Edward 11
granted the charter to the city of Lon-
don, empowering them to eled a mayor.
Uij.tttl, a town of the Netherlands,
in Brabant, feated on the river Bommel,
and furnifliid with fluices. Here the
Uritifli and Dutch troops, under the
duke of York, were defeated by the
French in 1794. It is eight miles s v^
Bois le Due.
Boxtltudr, a town of Lower Saxony,
in the duchy of Bremen, feated on the
£ite, which Qows into the Elbe, u niilea
sw of Hamburg.
Doi/le, a borough of Ireland, in thtj
county of Rofcommon. Here are the
ruins of an abbey, mar the lake Key,
and manufactures of linen and yarn. It
is feated on the river Boyle, 33 miles
N of Rofcommon.
Jioyuc, a river of Ireland, which rifcs
in the n part of the county of Kildare,
crolTes the a)unty of Meath, and enters
the Iriih channel, below Drngheda. Iti
this river and on its banks James u wa^
defeated by William in, in i6yo.
liu^nlu, a town of Italy, in the Man-
tuan, feated on the Ogliu, 15 miles sw
of Mantua.
Bruutif a river of Scotland, in Perth-
fliire, which dcfccnds from the hills t of
Loch Tay, and flows into the Tay
above Dunkeld. Upon this river is ft
grand fcene, at a place called the
Rumbling-bridge. Under an arch,
thrown over a narrow chafm, between
two projecting rocks, the river is preci-
pitatL'd in a fall of near 50 feet.
Brulant, a territory of the Nether*
linds, bounded on the N by Holland
and Gelderland, h by Liege, s by Na-
niur, and w by Uainault, Flanders, and
Zealand. The principal rivers are the
Scheldt, Meufe, Dommel, Nethe, and
Dyle. The northern p::r; belongs to
Ilitlland, under the denomination of
Dutch Brabaiit \ and iti now funned into
i
\
BRA
tW<Mlepi»tment«, pommely and Scheldt
a^d Meui^» of which Bots le Due and
Middleburg tare the capitals. The
fbttthern pait» lately (denominated Auf-
frian Brabant) now belongs to France,
and is divided into the departments of
Two Nethes and Dyle, of which Ant-
werp and BrufTels are the chief towns.
Braccian; a town of Italy, in the pa-
triittony of St. Peter, celebrated for
ibme warm baths in its vicinity. It is
fitoate on a lake of the fame name, 12
miles NW of Rome.
Braccigliano, a town of Naples, in
Principato Citeriore, feven miles nnw
of Salerno.
Brackley, a borough in Northamp-
Confhire, governed by a mayor, with a
market on Wednefday. It contains two
churches, and had formerly a college,
now a freefchool. It is fcated on the
Oiife, 18 miles ssw of Northampton,
and 6i nw of Loudon.
Braclnw, a ftronfj town of Poland,
capital of the palatinate of its name, in
P(xlolia. It ftands on the river Bog, 85
miles E of Kaminieck. Lon. 28 36 e,
lat. 48 Ko N.
Braafield, a town in Eflex, with a
inarket on Thurfday featod on the
river Blackwater, 1 6 miles n of Chelms-
ford, and 44 NKE of London.
Btadford, a town in Wiltfliire, with
a market on Monday. It is the centre
Of the greateft fabric of fuperfine cloths
In England, and is eminent for the niceft
mixtures. It ftands on the Me of a
tocky hill, dn the Avon, 10 miles n by
Wof •'« artainfter, and joo w of London.
Bradford^ a town in W Yorkfhire,
nvith a market on Thurfday. It has a
fcanal, >vhich is a branch from the Leeds
and Liverpool. The manufatftures are
jtammieft> Vralamc.ncos, woollen cloths,
ivool-eards, combp, and leather boxes ;
and in the vicinity is a capital iron
foundery- Jt is nine miles w of Leeds,
^nd 196 KNW of London.
Bradford, a town of Maflachufets,
In EOex county, where fome veflels are
jbuiU. and ftict^s made for exportation.
It Is fituate Oil the Merrimac, oppofite
Haverhul^ lo miles w of NcwburvPort.
Bradiug, a corporate town of Hamp-
fhirc, nfi^^r thp k angle of the Ifle of
Wight, at the head of a large haven,
Which admits fmall veflels to the quay
At high water. It is fix miles e of New-
port, an^ eight s of Porti'moutli.
Brnga, a citj-'of Porliignl, capitnl of
Entre Douero c Minho, and the fee of
an arcl'biffiop, primate of Portugal. It
contains four cl.urcKes, befide the ca-
thedral, and eight convents. There arc
HR A
ibme ruins of an amphithfcat!ee, Itad kt
aqueduA. It is feated in a fertile
country, on the Cavado, 180 milee N of
Lifbon. Lon. 8 29 w,lat. 41 42 k.
Bragama, a city of Portugal, in Trj
los Montes. It is divided into the old
and the new town : the former is on an
eminence, furrounded by double walls,
now in ruins ; and the latter is on a
plain, at the foot of a mountain, de.
fended by a fort. It is feated on the
Fervanza, 32 miles wnw of Miranda,
and 88 ne of Oporto. Lon. 6 30 w,
lat. 42 I N.
Braila, a town of European Turkey,
in W alachia, with a caftle ; feated on
the Danube, 1 10 miles se of Tergovifto.
Bruilow, a town of Poland, in Podo-
lia, on the river Bog, 30 miles nw of
Braclaw.
Brain le Comtr, a town of the Nether-
lands, in Hainault, 15 miles ssw of
Bruflels.
Brainiree, a town in Eflex, with a
market on Wednefday. It has a confi.
derable manufadure of bays, and is
joined on the N by the extenfive village
of Bocking. It is feated on the river
Blackwater, 1 1 miles n by e of Cbelms.
ford, and 40 ne of London.
Braintree, a town of Maflachufets, in
Norfolk county, feated on a bay, eight
miles s by E of Bofton.
Brake/, a town of Weflphalia, in the
principality of Paderbom, on therivukt
Brught, 16 miles e of Paderbom.
Bralio, a mountain of the Alps, in
the country of the Grifons, which fepa-
rates the valley of Munfter from the
county of Bormio. It is fuppoftd to be
the fame which Tacitus mentions under
the name of Juga Rhsetica.
Bramant, a town of Savoy, on the
river Arc, 20 miles e of St, Jean dc
Maurienne.
Bramber, a borough in Suflex, which
is now without either market or fair.
It is feattd on the Adur, adjoining to
the 8 of Steyning, 5 1 miles s by w of
London.
Bramptm, a town in Cumberland,
with a market on Tuefday. On the
top of a high hill is a fortified trench,
called the Mote. It is feated on the
river Irthing, nine miles pnk of Car-
lifle, and 311 nnw of London.
liTaw>.tn!t, a town of Lower Saxony,
in Holftein,^ear which is a m:dicinal
fpring. It is feattd on the Bram, :i
miles N of Hamburg.
Brtmaw, a town of Bohemia, with a
manufafture of coloured cloth, 11 miles
Nwof Glatz.
Bran^aleonff a town of Naples, in
R A
imphitheati!e» andtt
feated in a fertile
ivado, 1 80 milee n of
J w,lat. 41 4* N.
y of Portugal, inTfj
i divided into the old
: the former 18 on an
nded by double walls,
nd the latter is on a
t of a mountain, de.
. It is feated on the
les WNW of Miranda,
iporto. Lon. 6 30 w,
of European Turkey,
th a caftle ; feated on
miles SE of Tergovifto.
m of Poland, in Podo-
Bog, 30 miles Nw of
, a town of the Nether-
ult, 15 miles ssw of
own in Eflex, with a
lefday. It has a confi.
ture of bays, and is
3y the extenfive village
is feated on the river
liles N by E of ChcllflS'
of London.
)wn of Maflachufets, in
feated on a bay, eight
loft on.
. of Weftphalia, in the
iderbom, on the rivukt
E of Paderbom.
jntain of the Alps, in
[e Grifons, which fepa-
of Munfter from the
It is fuppofed to be
'acitus mentions under
RhsEtica.
jwn of Savoy, on the
Kles E of St, Jean de
[ough in Snflex, which
cither market or fair.
|e Adur, adjoining to
5 1 miles b by w of
lown in Cumberland,
|n Tuefday. On the
1 is a fortified trench,
It is feated on the
miles fvv. of Car-
ol London,
vn of Lower S.ixony,
I which isam-dicinal
[tA on the Biam, u
_. of Bohemia, witn a
loured cloth, 1 1 mile»
Itown of Naples, in
BRA
f iVh wa Ultedorc* nine luUes se of
Dranauier, a village in Norfolk* four
iniles w by N of Bumham. It was the
ancient Branodunum, a confiderable
Roman city, apd has now a cor.tiderable
trade in mal*- .. .
Brandcisy a town of Bohemia, on the
river Elbe, jo miles ne ofJPrague.
Brandenburg, a mayquifatc of Geiv.
inapy, in the circle of Upper Saxony;
bounded on the w by Luneburg, n by
Pomerania and Mecklenburg, e by Po-
land, and s by Silefia, Lufatia, Saxony
Proper, and Magdtburg. It is divided
into five parts : the Oiu mark, the mark
of Pregnitz, the A'liddk, Ucker, and New
raai-k ; and their chief towns are Sten-
dal, Perleberg, Brandenburg, Prenzlo,
and Cuflirin. The principal rivers arc
the Elbe, Havel, Spree, Ucker, Oder,
and Warte. The country is in general
fandy, and the foil meagre ; but it pro-
duces fome corn, and abounds in wood^
wool, iron, flax, hemp, hops, and to-
bacco. The greateft part of the inha-
bitants are Lutherans ; but the papifls
are tolerated. Bi^rlin is the capital.
Brandenburg, a city of Germany, ca-
pital of the Middle mark of Branden-
burg. It is divided into the old and
new town, by the river Havel, which
Separates the fort from both. Some
French refugees, having fettled here,
introduced their manufa<5tures, and ren-
dered it a profperous place. It is sz
mUes whys of Berlin. Lon. la 46 e,
lat 51 a? N,
Brandenburg, a town of Lower Sax-
ony, in Mecklenburg-Strelitzjfurround-
ed by walls. The ftrcets are wide and
ftraight, the church of Sf. Mary is a
large ftrudure, and the townlioufe is
worthy of notice. It is fituate on tlie
Tollenfee, 7amiK.8 n of Berlin. Lon.
13 20 E,lat. 53 34 N.
Brandenburg, a town of E PruflLi,
with an ancient caftle, at the se end of
the Frjfcbe Haff, 13 miles sw of Konigf-
berg.
Brandon, a town jn Suffolk, with a
market on Friday. It ftands on the
Little Oufe, over which is a bridge, and
a ferry a mile below for conveying goods
to and from the ifle of Ely. It has a
great trade in com, malt, coal, timber,
&c. and in the vicinity are extenfive
rabbit warrens. It is i •; miles n by w
of Bury, and 7 8 n n e of London .
Brati/hrdf a town of Connedticut, jn
Newhaven county, which has many iron
works in its neighbourhood. It ftands
on a river of the fame name, which runs
into Long Ifland found, 10 mile« £ of
I^(wbaven, aod 40 9 by w of Hartford.
BRA
"-owiifl, a town of Tranfylvania, OB
the river Merift), 35 miles s of Weifiemr
burg.
lirasil, a country of S Ameritai^
which gives the title of prince to Uip
heir apparent of the crc.yn of Portugal.
Its leiigth, from the moiith of the nver
Amazon to that of the river Plata, i^
upward of a 100 miles ; and its breadtit
is from 90 to 1000. It wa$ difcovcte^
in 1:00, by Alvarez Cabral, aPovtu*
guefe, who was forced upon it by i.
tempeft ; and it had its name from tht
abundance of hrafU wood found here.
The Portuguefe have not penetratc4
far into the country ; but the coafi they
have divided into tnc provinces of Para^
Maragnan, Siara, Petaguel, Rio Grandct
Paraiba, Tamarica, Femambuco, 8cr«-
gippy, All Saints Bay, Ilheos, Vafi»
Seguro, Spiritu Santo, Rio Janeiro, Si.
Vincent, and Del Ray. The clinute
of Brafil is temperate and mild, when
compared with Africa; owiqe chl'ej^
to the refrefhing wind, which bbwscoflf
tinually fi-om the fea. The liv^
annually overflow their banks, and t' .c
foil, in many places, is very rich. More
fugar is brought from this couQtry than
from all otlier parts of the world. \%
produces tobacco, maize, feveral fojrta
of fruit, and medicinal drugs. Befifi^
the valuable braiil wood there are ft>k>
cious woods of citron, ebony, maftic-
cotton, and five fpecies of palm-trees.
The mines of gold and diamonds, firft
opened in 168 1, yield above five millions
fterling annually, of which futn a fifth
belongs to the crown. The cattle in-
creafe fo prodigiotifly, that they are hunt-
ed for their hides only, 30,000 being
ftnt annually to Europe ; and there 19
great plently of deer, hares, and other
game. In fome of the provinces are
found a great variety of noxious infers
and reptiles, as the liboy?, or rpebuck
fnake, which is faid to grow to the
length of thirty feet, and feven in cir^
cumfcrence; the rattle-fnake; the ibir
baboka, a ferpent faid to be ax feet
long, and 18 inches in circumference,
whole bite is alitioft inftant death. Mo
country can produce a greater number
of beautifu?; birds ; in particular the co-
libri, whofe body is not much larger
than that of a maybug, and which fin^
as harmanioufly as a nightingale. The
natives, who inhabit, the inUnd part^,
are people of different languages-, but
they all agree in wearing no clothes.
They are of a copper colour, with lon<,
coarfe, black hair .,.1 their heads, ,but
v:ithout any on the other parts (if thck
bodies, like the reft of the Americans.
1 hey are iutm%t Uvely, md gay, an4
BRA
ftibjeA to few difeafes. They love to
adorn themfelves with feathers, and are
fond of feafts, at which they dance im-
moderately. They have no temples,
nor any other fign of religion ; and they
make no manner of fcruple to marry
Iheir neareft relations. They have huts
Qiade of the branches of trees, and .co-
vered with palm leaves. Their furni-
ture confifts chiefly in their hammocks,
and difbes, or cups, made o:' catibafhes,
painted without of a red colour, and
black within. Their knives are made
of h fort of ftone and fplit canes ; and
they have baflcets of differ,ent fizes,
chiefly made of palm leaves. Their
arms are bows, arrows, and wooden
clnbs. When they travel, they faften
their hammocks between two trees, and
fldejj'all night therein. The Portugucfe
Ifettiepients are governed by a viceroy,
■*vlj6 refidcs at St. Sebaftian.
^^•waslaw, a city of Lithuania, in the
'paTMhate of Wilna, on the n lide of a
idke which communicates with the
iDwina, 76 miles n ne of Wilna. Lon.
a6 4^'e, lat. 5546 N.
'■'"Iqrassa, one of the Shetland iflands.
^etwtert this and the principal illand,
vailed Mainland, is the noted Brafla
Sound, where 1000 fail may at once
fikid cymmodious mooring.
Brassaw, or Cronstadf, a ftrongtown
of Tranfylvania, on the river Burczel,
jo miks E by N of Hermanftadt. Lon.
25 55 E, lat. 49 55 J'-
Brass Town, a town of Tenneflee,
fituate near the fource of the Hiwafle,
about 100 miles s of Knoxville. Two
miles s of this town is the Enchanted
Mountain, much famed for the curiofi-
ties found on its rocks, which conlift of
impreffions rcfembling the tracks of
turkies, bears, horfes, and human
beings, as perfedt as they could be
made on fnow or fand.
Brafilclorough, a town of Vermont,
in Windliam county, fituate on the
Connetfticut, a8 miles E of Bennington,
and 70 wNW of Bollon.
Brai'a, a feaport on the coaft of Ajan,
•with a good hiirbour, 90 miles sw of
Magadoxo. Lon. 43 25 e, lat. x ao n.
Braoa, one of the Cape Verd idauds,
ta miles wsw of Fuego, and inhabited
by thp Portuguefe. The land is high
and mountainousjbut fertile; and horfes,
beeves, aflfes, and hogs, are rtuttierous.
It has time harbours, but Porto Fcrreo
on the s fide is the befl: for large (hips.
Lon. 34 39 w, lat. 14 5a m.
Braubachy a town of Germany, in the
Wefterwald, with a caftle, feated on the
Rhine, eijht miles -./ b-' s of Naffau.
iiraunau, a fortified town of Bavaria,
B R E
formerly the refidenee of the'eleAor
In 174Z it was taken by the Auftrians;
and, in 1779, by the peace of Tefchen,
the town and its diftnft wrre ceded to
Auftria. In 1805 it was captared hj
the French and Bavarians. It is feated
00 the river Inn, 28 mi|p sw of Paflau:
Lon. 13 o B, lat. 48 14 n.
Braunfrli, a town Of Germany, in the
Welterwald, capital of the county of
Solms. Here is a magnificent palace,
the feat of the prince of Solms- Braun-
f els ; and near it is the decayed caitle of
Solms. It is feated near the Lahn, 10
miles w by 8 of Wetzlar. Lon. 8 s8 e,
Kit. 5030 N.
Braunshurg, a town ofWPruflia, in
Ermeland. It has an academy for catho.
lies, eftabliflied in 1783; and is feated
on the PaflargCv near its entrance into
the Frifche Haffe, 18. miles ne of Elb-
ing. Lon. 19 58 e, lat 54 30 n.
Brannston, a village in Northampton.
(hire, four miles nw of D;iventry, on
the confines of Warwickihire. Here
commences the Grand Junction canal
to the Thames, which, with the Oxford
and Coventry canals, render it the cen.
trical place of inland navigation to the
four principal feaports of England.
Bray, a town of Ireland, in the county
of Wicklow, feated on the river Bray,
near St. George channel, 10 miles &of
Dublin.
Bray, a village in Berkfliire, or.8
mile s of Maidenhead. It is famous in
fong for its vicar, who was twice a pa-
pi(t and twice a proteftant, in four fuc-
ceffive reigns, and when taxed with
being a turncoat, faid, he always ken*
to his principlet, 'to live and die vicai ot
Bray.'
Brazzoy an ifiandinthe gulf of Venice,
near the coaft of Oalmatia, 30 miles
long and 10 broad. The foil is ftony, but
it produces much excellent wine, and
this article, with fire-wood and fteep,
form the chief trade. It has a town of
the fame name. Lon. 17 35 e, lat.43 50 n.
Brockin, a borough of Scotland, in
, Angusfhire, anciently abifhop's fee and
the county. town. The cathe'5'.al is
partly ruinous, but one of its aifles
fcrves for the parifh church. Adjoin-
ing to this is a curious antique round
tower, which tapers from the bottom,
and is very flendcr in proportion to its
height. Here is a manufafture of linen |
and cotton,^knd a confiderable tannery,
In 1 60 1, the number of inhabitants was I
5466. It is feated on the S Elk, 8 miles |
w of Montrofe, and i a ene of Forfar.
Brecknock, or Brecon^ a borough of
Wales, capital of Brecknockflrire, with
a market on WedneAlay and Friday-
RE
ence of the'deAor.
;en by the Auftiianii ;
he peace of Tefchcn,
[iftnft were ceded to
it was captured bf
varians. It is feated
8 mi|ip aw of Paflau:
^8 14, N.
vn t>f Germany, in the
tal of the County of
1 magnificent palace,
ince of Solms-Braun-
8 the decayed caftle of
ed near tlie Lahn, 10
^etzlar. Lon- 8 a8 £,
town ofWPruffia, in
an academy for catho-
1 1783 ; and is feated
near its entrance into
, 18 miles NE of £lb-
E, lat 54 30 N.
llage in NorthamptOH-
NW of D;iventry, on
Warwickfhire. Here
Grand Jundtion canal
/hich, with the Oxford
lals, render it the cen.
land navigation to the
iports of England.
)f Ireland, in the county
ited on the river Bray,
[Channel, 10 miles s of
irecortf a borough of
Irecknockflrire, with
IneiUay and Friday'
BRE
ft i» an ancient place, as appears by the
RQman coins that are often du^ up;
and its once magnificent caftle is now
jtn inlignificant ruin. It contains three
churches, one of which is collegiate;
and in that part of the town called the
Watton is a line arfenal. It has a good
trade in clothing. To the b of the town
is a confiderable lak«?, well ftored with
fiih, whence runs a rivulet into the Wye.
It is ieated at the confluence of the Hon-
dey with the Ufk, 34 miles nw of Mon-
mouth, and 171 w by N of London. Lon,
3 32 w, laL5i 54K.
Brrcknochshirey a- county of Wales,
bounded on the B by Herefordlhire and
Monmouthlhire, s by Glamorganfhirc,
w by Carmarthenlhire and Cardigan-
^ire, and n by Radnorfhirc. It is 38
miles long and a8 broad, containing
512,000 acres ; is divided into Ax hun-
dreds, and 63 pariflies; and has four
market-towns. The number of inhabi-
tants in liioi was 31,6^3 ; and it fends
twO'members to parliament. It is full
of mountains, fome of which are ex-
ceedingly high, particularly Monuch-
deiiny hill, not far from Brecknock;
but there are large fertile plains and
Tallies, which yield plenty of corn, and
feed great numbers of cattle. The s
part abounds with coal and iron. Its
principal rivers are the Wye and Ufk.
Breda, a fortilied city of Dutch Bra-
"bant, furrounded on all fides by water
and morafTes. The great church is
a noble ftrufture, with a lofty fpire.
In 1625, the Spaniai'ds, aftix a memo-
rable fiege of 10 months, reduced this
city; but, in 1637, the prince of Orange
retook it. In 1793, it furrendcred tq
thu French, after a fiege of only three
diys, but was retaken foun after. It is
I'.Mted on the river Merk, 45 miles nne
of Antwerp, and 60 s of Amllerdam.
Ion. 4 50 E, lat. 51 ^7 N.
Bfi'dvn, a confiderable village in
LeicL'fterfliire, five miles nne of Afhby
fie la Zo\4ch, feated at the bafe of a
high limelkone rock, cii the fummit of
which the church ftands and commands
very extenlive views.
Bredtiedt, a town of Denmark, in
the duchy of Slefwick, 21 miles wnw
of Slefwick
Breeds Hill, an eminence on the n
tide of Charleilon, in Maflachufets, ce-
lebrated for the ftand made by the Ame-
ricans againit the Britifh troops, at
th<; commencement of hoflilities with
the mother country. Thisaftion, ufual-
ly called the batth: of Bunkers Hill (au-
other hill nearit) happened on the t7tb
ef June, 1775'
BRE
Stegenh, a town Af Germany, hi
Tyrol, with a caftle oa an eminence;
feated at the mouth of a river of it«
name, on the E end of the lake of Can^
ftance, fix miles se of Lindau.
Breliur, the molt mountainous of the
Scilly iOands, 30 nules w of the Lands-
end. Lon. 6 47 w, lat. ^o m.
Bre/uMy a town of the duchy of Sax-
ony, eight miles n e of Halle.
Breriia, a town of Italy, in the Mila-
nefe, near the confluence of the Selfia
with the Po, on the frontiers of Mont>
ferrat, a8 miles w of Pavia.
Bremen, a duchy of Germany, in the
circle of Lower Saxony, lying bctweea
the Wcfcr and the Elbe ; the former of
which feparates it from Odenbui^g, and
the other from Holltein. The country
is fertile and populous, but in winter is
fubjeCft to inundations. It formerly t>e-
longed to the Swetks, but was fold to
the ele«^or of Hanover in 1719. Stade
is the feat of regency.
Bremen, a free city of Lower Saxony,
capital of the duchy of the fame name.
The Wefer divides it into tiie old and
new town, both of which are fortified :
the former is the laigeft, and in it ftaud«
tlfb cathedral. It has a harbour, nine
miles below the town, and carries on an
cxtenQve trade. In 1757 it was taken
by the French, who were driven out in
1758 by the Hanoverians. It is sa miie«
E of Oldenburg, and 6a wnw of Zell.
Lon. 8 40 E, lat. 53 5 n.
Bremenvord,a. town of Lower SaxoQy«
in the duchy of Bremen, defended by a
caftle. The chancery of the duchy is
kept here. It Itands near the Ofte, 3 a
miles N by K of Bremen.
Breiugarteii, a town of SwilTerland, in
the free lower bailiwics, between the
cantons of Zurich and Bern. The in-
habitants deal chiefly in paper ; and it
is feated on the Keufs, 10 miles w of
Zurich.
Brem, a town of Italy, in Brefciano,
feated on the Oglio, 36mile8N of BrefcLu
Brenia, a river which rifes in the prin-
cipality of Trent, pafles by BaiVano and
Padu.i, and enters the gulf of Venice,
a little ^ of Venice-
Brentford, a town in Middlefex, with
a market on Tuefday. It is fiiated on
the Thames, into which, at the w end
of the town, enters the Grand Jundtioa
canal, and a rivulet called the IVent.
Here the freeholders of Middlefex cledt
the knights of the fhire. It is a long
town, divided into old and new IJrejil-
ford, which laft contains the church and
market place- It is fi:vcn miles w of
Lund«n.
BKE
Brvnlwtody a town in Eflbx, with a
market on Thurfday* feated on an emi-
nence, II miles wsw of Chelmsford,
and i8 ENE of London.
Brescia, a city of Italy, capital of
Brefciano, and a bilhop's fee. It is well
fortified, and has a good citadel, which
ftands on a rock. The cathedral and
the palace are adorned with beautiful
paintings , and in the former is ihown
the ftandard of Conftantine. Here are
feveral floyriniing manufadiires, and its
jRre-arms are particularly c(?lebrated.
This city was taken by the French in
J796, retaken by theAuftrians in 1799,
and again pofleflcd by the French in iSoo-
It is feated on the Garza> 42 miles nw
of Mantua. Lon. 10 5 e, lat. 41; 31 y.
Jiresciano, a province of Italy, bound-
ed on the 8 by Mantua and the Cremo
nefe, w by Rergamafcu, n by the country
of the Grifons, and k by the principality
of Trent, the Veronefc, and Mantua.
It is watered by fc-vcral fmall rivers, and
fertile in wine, oil, and mai/.i», with ex-
cellent pafturages, and feme mines of
copper and iron. Erefcia is the capital.
hresel/o, a town of Italy, in the Mo-
denefe, on the river Po, 27 miles nw of
Modena.
Breslaii, a beautiful city, capital of
Silefia, and a bifhop's fee. It is feated
at the conflux of the Ola with the Oder,
thefirft of wiiich runs through feveral of
the ftreets, and forms two idatids. it
is furrcunded by walls, ftrengthened by
ramparts and other works ; has a great
trade in linen, leather, Hungarian wines,
&c. and contains 60,000 inhabitants.
The public fquares are fpacious, the
ftreets tolerably wide, and the houfes
lofty. The royal palace was obtained
by the jefuits, where they founded a
univerfity in 1702. The two principal
churches belong to the prot^ftants; near
one of which is a college. This city '
became fubje(5t to the king of Pruflia in
1741. It was taken by the Auftrians
in 1757) but regained the fame year. It
was for fome time befieged by the
French, and furrenderod to them in
January 1787. It is us miles ne of
Prague, and 165 n of Vienna. Lon.
17 9 E, lat 513 N.
jjrcs/e, a river of France, which di-
vides the department of Lower Seine
from that of Somme, and enters the
Englifh channel at Treport.
Brrsse^ a late piovirice of France,
bounded on the n by Burgundy and
Franche Comtt, e by Savoy, s by the
Vimnois, and w by the Lyonois. It
pow forms the department of Ain.
Bressmrc, a to\vn of France, in the
BSE
depaitnicnt of Two Sencs* tvkh a eob
kig** 35 miles hw of Poitiers.
Bretif a feaport of France, in the d^
parCment of,Finifterre» whh a caftle oa
a craggy rock by the ftafide. The har>
hour, one of the beft hi the kingdom,
has a narrow and difficult entrance, ni
both fides well fortified. Tlie ftreets sk
narrow, crooked, and fteep. The ouay
is above a mile in length. The artena]
was built by Louis xiv, whofe faccefifor
eftablifhed a marine academy ; and it
has every accommodation for the naty.
The Engliih attempted in vain to take
this place in 1694. It is 30 miles sb
of Morlaix, and 3 35 » of Paris. Lou.
4 29 w, lat. 48 2.) N.
Brelagne, or BrUany, a late province
of France, 150 miles long and i la broad.
It is a peninfula, united on the e to
Maine, Anjou, and Poitou. The air i«
temperate, and it has large forells. It
now forms the departmentsof Finiftene,
Cotes du Nord, lUe and Vilaine, Lower
Loire, and Morbihan.
Breteuil, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Oife, 14 miles nne of
Beauvai^ and 18 s of Amiens.
Breteuil, a lown of France, in the
department of £ure, feated on the iton,
15 miles 3w of Evreux.
Breton, Cape, an ifland of N America,
fcparated from Nova Scotia by a ftrait,
called Canfo. It is 1 10 miles in length,
■and from 20 to 80 in breadth. It Is a
mountainous country, fubjedt to fogs
throughout the year, and covered with
fnow in the winter. In 1745 it was
taken from the French by the Engliih.
There is an excellent cod filhery on the
coaft. The capital is Louilburg
Brett en, a town of Germany, in the
late palatinate of the Rhine, 20 miles s
of Heidelberg.
Brcvtrd, a ftrong town of Holland,
in the county of Zu«-phen, with a caftle,
fituate in a morafs, z\ miles S£ of
Zutphcn.
Brewers, a town of the diftriA of
Maine, in Wafhington county, feated
at the mouth of the Scoodick, in Paffa*
maquoddy bay, 25 miles nne of Ma>
chias. Lon. 67 35 w, lat. 44 58 N.
Brewing! on, Fort, in the ftate of New
York, at the w end of Lake Oneida,
2). miles SE of Fort Ofwego, and 45 w
of Fort Stanwix.
Brewood, a town in StafTordftire,
with a market on Tuefday, 10 roilet i
by w of Staflford, and 129 nw of LoB'
don.
Brey, a town of the Netherlands, ia
the territory of Liege, on the riw
N«er, 14 miles n of Maeftrtciit.
RE
o{tenco»i»kli«eQb
of Poitiers,
of Fnncci in the d^
enc» with a caftle ca
Jwficafide. The bar.
beft h) the kingdom,
lifficult entrance, ai4
lifted. Tlieftreetsan
indfteep. The quay
length. The arlena]
XIV, whoiefnoceffor
ne acadpmy ; and it
o<^!Jtion for the na»y.
iipted in vain to take
[. It is 30 miles se
,zs N of Paris- Lon,
N.
itant/t a late protinc*
es long and iia broad,
, united on the e to
d Poitou. The air i«
has large foreils. It
)artment8ofFiniftene,
lie and VilAme, Lower
lan.
n of France, in the de.
;, 14 miles NNE of
s of Amiens,
vn of France, in the
re, feated on the Iton,
vreux.
n idand of N America,
ova Scotia by a ftrait,
is 1 10 miles in length,
in breadth. It is a
intry, fubjcA to fogs
ear, and covered with
r. In 1745 it was
rench by the Englilh.
nt cod fifhery on the
is Louilburg
of Germany, in the
le Rhine, 20 miles »
ng town of Holland,
u^phen, with a caftle,
afs, 34 miles se of
vn of the diftjift of
gton county, feated
le Scoodick, in PafTa-
miles NNB of Ma«
, w, lat. 44 58 K.
AintheftateofNeW
nd of Lake Oneida,
rt Ofwego, and 45 w
twn in Stafiordfliirtr
Tuefday, 10 roilei*
and J 49 »w of LoD'
• the Netherlands, •
jiege, on the rivw
jfMaeftriciit.
B R I
iirhnfon, t to#n of PniMe; fii the
department of 0pper Al|»6,J«ith a caftle
on a craggy rock, aod dthfer fbitiflcattons.
In its neighbourhood manna is gathered
from a fort of p>ne'tr«e. It has a hand-
fdme church, and ^ noble brid^ over
the Durance, So ttiiles tf of BUkbrun.
Lon.6uE,lat..44 5»»- ,„
Brianconaet, a fbnr^fs of Savoy, near
the town of Mouftieri*, fittiate on a
rock inacceffiWe evtry Vray, f?xcept by
the fide of a rbrtr, whw* it is afcended
by two or three hundred fteps. The
common paffiige from Sayoy to Italy is
by this fortrefs.
Briare, a town of France, inthedcr
partment of Loh«tt (eated on the Lohre,
and has a canal between that river and
the Seine. It is 40 miles ese of Orleans.
Bridgend^ a to^o of Wales, in Gla-
morganfhire, with a market on Satur*
day, and a woollen manulaAure ; feated
on the Ogm»>re, feven miles w by N of
Cowbridge, and i8i w of London.
Bridgenorthf a borough in Shropfhire,
with a market on Saturday. It has two
churches, and a freefchool that fends
and maintains 18 fcholars at the univer fity
olF Oxford. It was formerly fortified
vrith walls, and had a caflk, now in
ruins. Here are manufadurc-' of cloth,
tlockings, and iron tools; and the trade
both by land and water is confidei able.
It is feated on the Severn, 23 miles se
of Shrewsbury, and 139 kw of London.
Lon a a8 w, lat. 5536 n.
Bridgefiivin, the capital of the ifland
of Barbadoes, fituate in the inmoft part
of Carlifle bay, which is htrge enongb to
contain soo (hips, b'it the bottom is
foul, and apt to cut the cables. This
city was burnt down in 1688 ; and fuf-
I fered alfo greatly by fires in 1756, 1766,
and 1767. Before thefe fires it contained
1500 houfcs ; and it has fince be* n re-
built. The ftreets are broad, the houfus
high, the wharfs and quays convenient,
I and the forts ftrong. The church is as
large as fomc cathedrals. Here alio is a
freefchool, an hofpital, and a college ;«
the latter erefled by the fociety for
j propagating the gofpel, purfuant to the
j will of colonel Codrington, who en-
|dowed it with aoool. a year. The
j town had fcarcely rifen from-^he cala-
mities already mentioned, when it was
torn from its foundations by a hniricane
in 17S0, in which many of the inhabitants
pcriihed. It is fcarcely yet n-ftored to
Its former fplendour. Lon. 59 50 w,
I lat. 13 5 N,
hndfvtown, a town of New Jerfey,
I chief of Cumberland county. It is
fituate on Cohan/^ creek, 36 miles sse
B R I
vffPhiwielphia. Lon. 75 tj W,1at. 39
3a "•
Bridgetotvn, a town of Maryland, in
Queen Ann county, on the u Gde bf
Tuckahoe creek, eight miles s of Cen-
trcville, and 65 saw of Philadelphia.
BridgewattTf a town of Maflachufets*
in Plymouth county. In and near ft
large quantities of hardware, nails, &c.
are manufactured. It is five miles xwb
of'Raynham,and 30 a by 1 ofBofton.
Brzdffewater, a borough in Sumerfet-
ihire, governed by a mayor, with a
market on Thurfday and Saturday. It
is feated on the Parret, over which is a
ftone bridge, and near it vellels of 100
tons burden may ride. It has a large
handfome church, and carries on a con-
fidcxable coafting trade. The fummer
alTizes are held here every other year.
In the wars between Charles 1 and the
parliament, the forces of the latter re-
duced great part of the town to afiies ;
and the caftle was then fo far demoiifhed*
that few veftiges of it are nowobfervable.
It is eight miles s of the Briftol channel,
31 ssw of Briftul, and n8 w by s ctf
London. Lon. 3 o w, lat. 51 8 n.
Bridlington, or Burlingtony a feaport
in E Yorkfhire, witli a market on Sa-
turday. Theharbouris commodious.and
defendi'd by two ftrong piers. Its mi-
neml waters, and accomudations for fea-
bathing, draw much company in fum-
mer ; and its trade is conliderable. It
is feated on a creek near Flamborough-
head, 40 miles ene of York, and aoA v
of London. Lon. o 10 w. Lit. 54 8 N.
Bridporf, a borough in Dorfetftiire,
with a market on Saturday. It is feated
between the rivers Brit and Bride, and
has a harbour that will contain about
forty fmall velTt'ls. The market is re-
markable for hemp ; and hci-e arc large
manufadures of canvas, fmall cordage,
and nets. It is la miles w of Dorchefter,
and 135 w by s of London.
Brirgj a fortified town ofSilefia, ca-r
pital of a princip.ility of the fame name,
with a Lutheran cathedral, and feveral
other churches for proteftants and ca-
tholics. Here is a manufafture of cloth.
It was taken by the PrufTians in 1741,
and its ancient c;i(Ue burned down during
the fiege. It is feated on the Oder, 25
miles HE of Breflau. Lon. 17 37 e, 'at.
50 49 N.
B'ic/, or Brill, a fortifipd fenport of S
Holland, capital of the ifland of Voorn.
The Dutch took it from the .'^paniards
in 1572, which was the foundation of
their republic. It is feated at the mouth
of the JSlaeie, ao miles wsw of Rotter-
dam. Loii. 4 I E, lat J 51 48 .V.
/:
BR I
Brtfn(2,a town of Swiflerland. in the
canton of }ieni, famous for the cheefe
made in its neighbourhood. It is fituatc
on a lake of the fame name (nine miles
\mg and three broad) 4a mine se of
Bern.
Brietzen. See Wriezen.
liiieuxy St. a town of France, ca-
pital of the department of Cotes du
Nord, and a bifliop's fee, with a fmall
harbour. It is feated among hills, near
the EngliHi channel, 50 miles nw of
Rennes. Lon. 2 43 w, iat. 48 31 n.
Briey, a town nf France, in the de-
partment of Mofelle, near the river
2^ni'e, 12 miles nw of Met'/..
liri^. See OlamlJ'otdbriclge.
Brighthelmntm^ or Brj'^htou, a town
on the coafl of Sudex, with a market on
Thurfday. It hasnu harbour, and only
fmall veifels can approach the ihure. It
wa» formerly inhabited chiefly by tiiher-
men ; but having become a faihionable
Elace of retort for fea-bathing, it has
een greatly enlarged by many handfome
boufcs, with public rooniii, hot and cold
baths, a theatre, &c. The prince of
Wales has here an elegant pavilion and
fuperb (tables ; and adjoining is a chapel
royal. The church Rands on a hill above
the town ; and to the w of it is a chaly-
beate fpring much fi-equented. There
are alfo fcvenil meeting houfe8,a Romifli
chapel, and a fynagugue. Here Charles
11 embarked for France in 1651, after
the battle of Worcefter. It is eight
miles sw of T^wes, and 56 s of London.
ILon. o 6 w, Iat. 50 50 n.
BngnoleSfA town ot France, in the de-
partment of Var, famous for its pruneSb
It is feated among mountain.s, in a plea-
£int country, 20 miles n n e of Toulon.
Brlhue^Uy a town of Spain, in New
Caflile, with a miinufadlure of broad
cloth, and a trade in wool. Here general
Stanhope and an EngliHi army were
taken prifoners, in 1; 10. It is feated on
tlie Tajuna, 43 miles ne of Madrid.
Briloti^ a town of the duchy of Weft-
phalia,on the river Mone, 27 miles E by s
of Arcnfoerg.
Brindm^ a city of Naples, in Otranto,
and an archbijhop's fee, with a fortrefs.
The trade is trifling, and the air un-
healthy ; but both arc improving by
cleanfing the harbour and draining the
mailhy places. It is feated on the gulf
of V<-tiice, 32 miles e of Tarerito. Lon.
18 15 t, Iat. 40 45 N.
Br.inn. See liiunn.
Biioudc, a town of Fratice, in the de-
partment of Upper Loire. Near it is a
imall town called Church Brioude, on
aecuunt of a famous chapter. Brioude
B R I
ftandi on the Ailier» over which Is a |
bridge of one arch, 175 leet in diameter,
It is 3a mile* mw of Puy, and 34 k by t
of Clermont.
Brisachf Old^ a trwn of Suabia, onct
the capital of Brifgau. In 1741 the for.
tihcations were demoUftted, and the ar.
tillery removed to Friburg. It ftandi
on the K fide of the Rhine, eight inilci
w by s of Friburg.
Brimch, New^ a fortified town o(
France, in the department of ^ Upper
Rhine, feated about a mile w of the |
Rhine, oppofite Old Brifach, and eight
miles E of Colmar.
BrhagOf a town of Italy, in the Mi.
lanefe. on the lake Magiore, iivc miles 1 1
of Locarno.
Briigau, a territory of Su.ibia, on the
E lidi! of the Rhine, which feparates it
from France. The chief part belonged
tu the houfe of Aultria ; but by the treat;
of Frefburg, in 1805, it was ceded to
the elector of Baden, who was formerly I
polfclTed of a few places. The chief I
town is Friburg. I
Bristina, a town of N^Ies, in Ca>|
pitanata, 1 1 miles ssw of Manfredonia,!
Brissac, a town of France, in the dc- 1
partment of Mayenneand Loire, feat-'
ed on the Aubence, 13 miles sof Aii^en.!
Bristoly a city and feaport in Glou-
celterfhirc, which for wealth, trade, and
population, has long been reckoned tht
fecond in the kingdom; though Li. I
verpool now claims the pre-eminence»|
a feapott alone. It is feated at the con- 1
Iluence of the Fromc with the Avoit,
lo miles from the entrance of the Avoil
into the Bi iftol chann;:!. The tide riling I
to a great height in thefe narrow rivers,!
brings veifels of conliderable burdeii*i[
the quay, which extends above a milt I
along the inner Ihores of the Frome and I
Avon ; but at low waterthey lie aground I
in the mud. Here is a dock which will
contain ten laige Haps, with a finalletl
one above the influx of the Frome. At I
the mouth of the Avon arefeveraldocl'l
yards, and a very extenlivc Boating dock.!
The city has 18 churches beiidc tht I
cathedral, a guildhall, a cu(lomhoiife,andl
an exchange. The number of inhabi-l
tants in 1801 was 63,645- Bridolisal
county of itfelf, governed by a mayor,!
and has a market on Weiinefday and!
Saturday. Here are no lefsthan i j glaft-l
houfes ; and the fugar- refinery is one oil
its principal manufadlures. The Hot!
\Vell,about a mile below the town,on thel
iide of the Avon, is much refortedtoij
it is of great purity, aud has obtained al
high reputation in confumptive caii:t|
In St. Vincent Rook, above tbi&'wcill
BRI
fonnd thofc native cryftals, (b well
fitno^m tinder the n«me of Brlftol (tones.
iBfifide this well, there i« a cold fpring,
Iwbich gufhes out of a rock on the fide
I of a river, and fuppKes the cold bath.
iThc city walls have been demoliflied
hong ago ; and there is only one gate now
Iftanding- Here are ufed Iledgea Inftead
of carts, becaufcthe vaults and comnxon
jfewers would be injured by them. Briftol
is n '""*'* www of Bath, 34 saw of
Gloiicefter. and 114 w of London. Lon.
iaj6 w, lat. 51 a7 w^-
Bristol, a feaport of Rhode Ifland,
I fhirf town of a county of the fame name.
t It has a commodious and fafe harbour}
land is feated in a rich foil, noted for
j garden -ftnff, on the e fide of Briftol
bay, 1,3 miles n of Newport, and 24
ssE of Provideace. Lon. 71 14 w, lat.
41 40 N.
Britfot, a town of Pennfylvania, in
Bucks county, ft-ated on the Delaware,
2j miles ssE of Ncvtown, and jo nb
of Philadelphia.
Bnta'm, or Great Britain, the moft
conlixlcnble of all the European iflands,
extending 5Jo miles from n to s, and
290 from E to w. It Hes to the M of
Frtnce, from which it is feparated by
the Euglifli channel. Its ancient name
was Amion, which, in procefs of time,
gave way to that of Britain, by which it
was knowTi to Julias Cefar. The general
dlvifion of the iflatld is into ScotUnd,
England, and Wales.
i^i/«j«,JV^M.'^a country of N America,
comprehending all the traft n of Canada,
commonly called the Efquimaux coun-
try, inchiding Labrador, and New N
and S Wales. It is fubjeft to Great
Britain ; and lies between 50 and 70 w
lat. and 50 and 100 w lon. There are
innumerable lakes and morafies, whick
are covered with ice and fnow a great
part of the year. The principal fettle-
ments belong to the En^lifh Hudfon
Bay Company. See Esquimaux, Hud-
son Bmj, and Labrador.
Britain, New, an ifland in the S Paci-
ffc ocean, to the E of New Guinea, ex-
plored by Dampier, who failed through
the ftrait which feparates it from New
Guinea; and captain Carteret, in 1767,
failed ttirough a channel, which divides
it on the NE from a long iOand, called
New Ireland. New Britain lies in lon.
15 J 20 E, and lat. 4 o s. The ftiorfes of
both iilands are rocky, the inland parts
liip;h and mountainous, but covered
With trees of various kinds, among
which are the nutmeg, the cocoa nut,
and diffei-ent kinds of palm. The in-
habitants are blotk, and woolly-headed.
B RO
like Negros, but havfc not their flat
nofes and thick lips.
Britant/. See Bretagne. .
■ Brive,'a. town of France, in the de-
partment of Correze, with manufat-
tures of filk handkerchiefs, mucins,
gauzes, &c. It is leated on the Cor-
reze, oppofite the infiiix of the Veacrn,
in a delightful valley, la miles sw of
Tulle.
Brlten, a principality of Germany,
lately a bifliopric, in the e part of
'i'yrol. It is extremely mountaiitoui,
but produces excellent wine.
• Brixtn, a town of Germany, capital
of the principality of Brixen. Befid«
the cathedral, there are one parochial
and fix other churches. It was taken
by the French in 1796, and again in
1797. It is feated on the Eyfach, at
the influx of the Rientz, 38 miles s by
E of Infpruc Lon. n 48 e, lat 46 41 N.
Brixham, a fmall feaport in Devon-
Ihire, on the w fide of Torbay, cele-
brated for its fiihery. A quay has been
built for the purpofe of fnpplying ihips
with water. The prince of Orange,
afterward William I rr,' latided here in
1688. It is- four miles ne of Dart-
mouth, and 801 w by s of London.
Brizen, or Britzen, a town of Bran-
denburg, in the Middle mark, on the
Adah, 18 mihrs n e of Wittenberg.
Broaditairs, a village in Kent, oft the
feafhore, two miles w of Ramfgate. It
has a fmall pier, with a harbour for
light vefiels ; and is a faihionable refort
for fea-bathing, more retired than Ramf-
gate.
Brod, or Brodt, a ftrong town of
Sclavonia, on the river Save, where the
emperor gained a victory over the
Turks in 1688. It is 45 miles sw of
EfTeck. Lon 18 30 e, lat. 45 10 N.
Brod, a town of Moravia, on the
frontiers of Hungary, 10 miles bSB of
Hradifch.
Brod, Bohmisch. See Bohmisch.
Brod, Tentsch, a town of Bohemia,
on the river Sazawa, 30 miles s by e of
Czazlau.
Brodera, a town and fortrefs of Hin-
dooftan, in Guzerat, celebrated for its
linens, indigo, and lace. It is 62 miles
SSE of Amedabad. Lon. 73 11 e, lat.
22 I.J N.
Brodziac, a town of Lithuania, on
the river Berezina, 100 miles s of Po-
lotflt. Lon. 28 5 E, lat. 54 8 w.
Bioek, a town of Weftphalia, in the
duchy of Berg, capital of a county of
its name; feated on the Roer, 11 Aiilea
N of Duflfeldorp.
Broe/i, a village of N Holland, fix
BRO
nSIgn from Amftcrdam. Tl U one of
the moft fingular and piAurefque placet
in the world. The ftrects are paved in
oioCiic work with variegated brickt;
and no carriaf^i ever enter thep. The
houfea are painted on the outfide, and
each has. a terrace and garden to the
ftreet, indofed by a low railinat the
garden adorned with china vaiva and
flielUwork, with borders compofed of
Qiinute particlea of glafa» of difibnent
ooloara. Behind the houfesare meaduwa,
fail of cattle, in which the inhabitants
carry on a great trade.
UroiiCH Bay, a bay of New S Wales,
>8 miles n of'Port Jackfon. It is form-
cd by the naouth of a great river called
the Hawkefbury* and is a good harbour.
liOn. 15 1 a? B, tat. 33 34 «.
Bromtey, a town in Kent» with a
market on Thurfday. Here is a collego
for ao poor clergymen's widows ; apd
near the town is a palace of the bilhops
of Rochefter, where thbre is a chaly^
beate foring. Bromley is featcd on the
Kavenwoumi 10 miles s by e of Lonf
don.
liromley, a town in StalTordfliiret
with a market on Monday. It was for-
merly called A bbots^Bromley, and after.)
ward Paget-firomley, bein^ given to
lord Paget at the diOblution of the
abbies. It is fevcn miles e of Staffbrdi
and 139 Nw of London.
BroiHpton, a village in Kent* Gtuate
•n an e?fy afcent from Chatham* and
containing fine barracks for the military
of that garrifon.
liromsgrove^ a corporate town in
WorcefteHhire, with a market on Tue£>
day. Here are manuradlures of fliect*
ing, nails, and needles ; and a grammar-
fchool founded by Edward vi. It is
feated on the Salwarp, 15 mites nN'? of
Worcefter, and 116 nw of London.
Bromyard, a town in Herefordlhire,
with a market on Tuefday, feated near
the Frome, amid fine orchards, 13 miles
NE of Hereford, and ^^s wnw of Lon-
don.
Bronnoy or Broniy a town of Italy, in
the Milanefe, where the French de-
feated the Aiiftrians in 180O. It is 10
miles SE of Pavia.
Bronii, a town of Sicily, in Val di
Demona, a8 miles w of Taormina.
Braokfu'ld, a town of MafTachufets,
in Worcefter county. Here are iron
ore, and large quantities of ftone which
yield copperas. It is featcd on the
Ouaboag, 17 miles w by s ofWorcefter.
Brovkhnten, a town of New York, in
Suffolk county, Long ifland, 60 miles e
of New York.
B RU
Drooilyn, a town of New Yorl^ I|
Kings county* at the w end of Lni
iflandt near £aft river, which ftpWMci
it from the city of New York.
Brooklyn, a town of Maflachufet8,ia
Norfolk county, feparated from Boftoo
on the ■ b^ a narrow bay. Large
quantities or fruits and vegetables arc
prodooed here for the Bofton market
Broom, Lneh, a great fait lake, or
arm of the fea, on the w coaft of Scot*
land* In Rofe^'re. It contains feverjil
good harbours, has long been noted for
cxcellant herrings, and is cfleemed one
of the beft filhing ftiOions on the coaft.
Brora, a river of Sec Vand, in Suther-
landihire, which iflues from a lake of
tha fiunc name, and forms fcvcral caf-
cadea in its courfe to the tqwn of Qrorai
Where it enter* the fea-
Brora, a town of Scotland, on tlie
SB coaft of Sutherlandfhire, with a
foiall harbour at the mouth of the
Bror;a, 14 miles ne of Dornoch.
Broteley, a town in Shropibire, with
a market on Wednefday. Here are
m.Miy coal and iron mines, confiderable
iron-works, and a manufaflure of to*
bacco pipes. It is feated near the Se-
vern* fix miles mnw of Bridgcnorth,
and 146 NW of London.
Brotherton, a village in W Yorkfhirc,
one mile n of Ferrybridge, where Tho-
mas de Brotherton, fon of Edward i,
was bom. It has a trade in lime.
Brouagc, a town of France, in the
department of Lower Charente. It
has conHdcrable falt-works, and (lands
near a bay of the fea, 17 miles s of
Rochclln.
Brotica, a town of Sicily, in Val di
Deroona, on the gulf of Catania, 15
miles s of Catania.
Brought a town in Weftmoriand,
with a market on Thurfday. Near it is
a cotton fpinning manutadure, at the
foot of a mountain. It is eight milet
ese of Appleby, and iCi nnw of Lou-
don.
Browcrshaven, a feaport of Holland,
on the N fide of the iiland of Schoncn,
nine miles !>w of Helvoetlluys. Lon. 3
50K, lat. 5138 N.
BruwnsviUe, a town of Pennfylvania,
in Fayette county. The trade to Ken-
tucky renders it a flourilhing place;
and many boats are built here. The
vicinity abounds with monuments, of
Indian aiiiiiquity. It is feated on the
Moiiongahela, at the mouth of Redilone
creek, 50 miles sse ofPittiburg,
Brscsc. See Brzesc.
Bruchsal, a town of Germany, in
the circle of Upper AbiRe) and laU
IV
a of New Yar1^ i|
he w end of Lob|
tor, which ftpMMci
^evi York.
I of Mafiachufetiiia
}BrAted from Bofton
arrow bay. Large
k and vegetables art
the Bofton market
great fait lake, or
the w coaft of Scot>
It contains feveral
I long been noted for
and is cfteemed one
tations on the coaft.
'Scc*'and,in Suther-
lues from a lake of
id forms feveral af-
to the tgwn of 9rora,
!f«a-
of Scotland, on the
aerlandfhire, with a
the mouth of the
I of Dornoch.
n in Shropibire» with
ednefday. Here are
in mines, confiderable
a manufadlure of to*
is featcd near the Se-
iNW of Bridgcnorth,
>ndon«
illajge in W Yorkftiirc,
rrybridge, where Tho-
jn, fon of Edward i,
I a trade in lime-
rn of France, in the
^ower Charente. It
faltoworksi and ftands
le fea» 17 miles s oi
. of Sicily, in Val di
gulf of Catania, 15
vn in Weftmorland,
Thurfday. Near it is
manufacture, at the
lln. It is eight mik»
Ind a6i nnw of Lon-
feaport of Holland,
Ibe ifland of Schonen,
lelvoctUuys. Lon. 3
[own of Pennfylvania,
. The trade to Kcn-
a flourifhing place;
are built here. The
[vvith monuments, of
1 It is feated on the
Ihe mouth of RcdftoM
.ofPittftJurg,
jrzesc.
Iwn of Germany, m
Iper AhiBe, and late
BRU
UAoprle of Spirt. It bM a Iwgt ialt-
^g^, and is unted on the river Satz,
Ave miiei » of Pbilipiburg.
Bruck, a town of the duchy of Sax-
ony, t5 miles n by w of Wittenberg-
JSruck, a town of Auftria, on the
liver Leyta* so miles bse of Vienna.
Bruck, or Brouf, a town of SwifTer-
iand, in Argau, with a college ( feated
on the river Aar, aa miles sb of Bafel.
Bruck, or Pruck, a town of Bavaria,
on tite river Amner, 1 % miles w of Mu-
nich.— Another, in the Palatinate, i%
mites NNB of Ratilbon.
Brurk, or Pruck, a town of Ger-
many, in Stiria> capital of a circle of its
name. It ftands on the river Muehr,
94 miles NNW of Grata, and 82 sw of
Vienna. Lon. 15 8 e, lat. 47 *7 "•
Brue, a river in Somerfetihire, which
fifes in Selwood foreft, on the borders
of Wiltihire, and flows through the
county, by Bruton and Glaftonbury,
into Bridgewater bay.
Brug, a town of Swiflerland, in the
Vallais, featcd on the Rhone, 39 miles b
ofSion.
Bruges, a city of the Netherlands, in
Flanders, capital of the department of
Lis, and lately an cpifcopal fee. It was
I once a great trading town ; but, in the
1 1 6th century, the ctvil wars drove the
I trade firft to Antwerp, and then to
I Amfterdam. The inhabitants are efti-
I mated at 20,000, but it is not populous,
j in proportion to its extent. Its fitua.
tioB ftUl commands fome trade, for it
has canals to Ghent, Oftend, Sluys,
Nieuport, Funies, Ypret, and Dunkirk.
Bruges has been often taken ; the laft
time by the French, in 1794. It is 14
I milea s of Qftwd. Jum 3 10 e, lat. 5 1
111 V.
Brugge, a town of Lower Saxony, in
j the prineipality of Hildeiheim, on the
riverXeyne, la miles sw of Hildeflieim.
I Bruggettt a town of France, in the
department of Roer, lately of Germany,
I in the duchy of Juliers ; ieated on the
ISshwalm.fix miles ne of Ruremonde.
Brugrteto, a town of the territory of
[Genoa, at the foot of the Apennines,
135 miles esk pf Genoa.
I Brumau, a town of Moravia, in the
jdrde of Hradifcb, on the frontiers of
iHungary, a6 miles E of Hradifch.
I Brunn, or B''*^") a town of Moravia,
ppital of a circle of the fame name,
[and a bifliop*8 fee. |t is defended by a
ng furtrrfs, call<4 ^ilbcrr, built on
pn eminence ( and htfi manundurcs of
floth, velvet, and plufli. The Pruffiarts
efieged it in 1742 ; but were obliged to
ife the iiege. It is feated at the eon-
f,
BRU
flucncc of the Zwittau and Schwartz
3 miles sw of Olmutx. Lon. 16 38 Bf
at. 49 13 N.
Brunnent a town of Swiflerland, ia
the canton of Schweitz. Here the om-
tons of Uri, Schweitz, and Under-
walden formed the alliance which was
the foundation of the republic of Swlf-
ferland. It is featcd on the Wald-
ftaedter See, two miles tw of Schweitz.
HrumbtUtle, a town of Germany, in
Holdein, near the mouth of the £lbe»
13 miles Nw of Gluckftadt.
Brunmnck, a duchy of Germany, in
the circle of Lower Saxony, bounded
on the N by Luneburg, w by Weft-
phalia, !• by HeiTe, and e by Anhalt,
Ilalberdadt, and Magdeburg. It con-
tains mniiy mines, feveral medicinal
fprings, large forefts, and plenty of all
the ni'ceflaries of lite. The principal
rivers art the Wefer, Ocker, and Leyne.
It is divided into four duchies and two
counties. The duchies of Brunfwick
Proper and Brunfwick-Wolfcnbuttlea
with the counties of Rheinftein and
Ulankcnburg, were lately fubjedt to the
iluke of Brunfwick-Wolftnbuttle ; while
the elector of Hanover was duke of
Brunfwick-Grubenhagen and Bruni^
wick-Calcnberg, which alfo included
the diftriA of Gottingen.
Brunswick, a fortified city of Lower
Saxony, and the chief town in the
duchy of Brunfwick, with a citadel.
It has ten Lutheran churches, a rich
monaftery of St. Blaife, and about
2),ooo inhabitants. This town is fa*
mous for a kind of (Irong beer, called
Mum, which is exported even to Afia.
It is ieated on the Ocker, fevcn miles
N by K of Wolfenbuttle, and 68 s of
Luneburg. Lon. 10 47 e, lat. 52 16 n.
Brunswick^ a feaport of the ftate of
Georgia, chief town of Glynn county*
with a fafe harbour, capable of contain*
ing a numerous fleet of men of war.
It is feated in a f«;rtile country, at the
mouth of Tuitle river, in St. Simon
found, 60 mile^ saw of Savanna. Lon.
81 ow, lat. 31 10 K.
BTumwick, a city of New Jerfey, in
Middloffx county. Its (ituation is low,
but many houfes are now built on a
pleafant hill, which rifea at the back of
tlie town. It has a confiderable in-
land trade, imd, over the Raritan, one
of the moft elegant bridges in America.
Queens college was in this city, but is
now extin^ as a place of inliru^ion.
Brunfwick is 60 miles NE of Philadel*
p!iia. Lon. 'js o ^v* l^t. 40 20 n.
Jiruiiiwick, New, a Britilh province
in N America) feparated from that of
I
n
iPnHi
n
IiI^hI
1
1
n ■
9
BItZ
Kova Scotia in 1784- It it bounded
on the w by New England, n by
Canada, r by the gulf of St. Lawrcncf,
;ind • iij Nova Scqtia and the bay of
Pnndy. At the conclufion of the Ame-
rican war, the •tnigratioB of loyalifts to
thii province was very great. The
liver St. John openn a vaft extent of
fine country, moll of which is fettled
and under improvement. The upland
is in general well wooded, and the lofty
pinci aflTord a confiderable Aipply of
mails for the royal navy. The chief
place is the city of St. John, but the
feat of government i« at Frcderidtovn.
■ HrH^seh, a fortified city of the Ne-
therlands, capital of the department of
Dyle; lately the capital of Brabant,
and the feat of the governor of the
Audrian Low Countries. It has many
magnificent fquares, public buildings,
walks, and fountains. The Hotel dc
Ville, in the grand market-place, is a
rt4narkable ftruiture: the turret is 364
feet in hci;;%'t, and on the top is the
figure of St. Michael, of copper gilt. 17
feet high, which turns with the wind.
Here is a kind of nunnery, called the
Beguinape, which is like a little town,
and furrounded by a wail and a ditch :
the women educated here are allowed
to leave it when they choofe to marry.
Bniflels is celebrated for its fine lace,
camblets, and tapeftry; and contains
80,000 inhabitants It has a communi-
cation with the Scheldt by a canal, »o
miles long. It was bombarded by mar-
fhal Villeroy in 1695, by which 14
churches and 4000 houfes were deftroy-
ed. It has been feveral times taken fince ;
the laft time by the French in 1794. It
is feated partly on an eminence, and
partly on the river Senne, 45 miles s of
*\ntwerp, and 148 n by e of Paris.
I^on. 4 18 E, lat. 50 51 N.
lirutori, a town in Somerfetfliirc,
with a market on Saturday. Here are
tnanufadtures of filk and hofiery ; a
freefchool, founded by Edward vi ;
and a (lately almflioule, confiftinp of
the ruins of a priory. It is feated on
the river Brue, 12 miles se of Wells,
aid IC9 w of London.
Briivcres, a town of France, in the
department of Vofgea, 11 miles ene of
Epinal.
Bnjansl-Tvlge, a town of Ireland, in
the county of Clare, feated on the Shan-
non, eight miles n of Limerick.
lirzfsc, a fortified town of Lithu-
ania, capital of Polenfia, or the pala-
tinate of Przefc, with a caftle on a
rock. Here is a large fynagogue, re-
tiirtcd ya by Jews from aU parts of
B U C '
Eiirop«. It \» feated on the r!f«r Bnfi
90 mdes 8 by w uf Grodno. I«n. 346
K, lat. 5a 4 N.
Brzenc, ji town of Poland, capital of
a palatinate of the fame name. It ii
furrounded by a wali, and feated in a
marfhy plain, 95 mileswNWof Warfaw.
Lon. 18 .')o t, lat. jt 40 N.
Bnesnitt, a town of Dohemia, in the
circle of Saatz, with manufaftures o(
lace, fire-arms, and hardware, 1^ milri
wNw of Saatz.— -Another J In the circle
of Prachin, 18 miles wNw of Pifek.
Bua, an ifland in the gulf of Venice,
on xhe coaft of Dalmatia, called like^
wife l*artri(lg(' ifland, brcaufe frequent,
ed by thofe birds. It is joined by a
bridge to the town of Traon.
Buarcos, a town of Portugal, in
Beira, on the feacoad, at the mouth of
the Mondego, 37 miles s of Aveira.
Biiccari, or Bucliari^ a feaport of
Morlachia, on the ne part of tiie gulf
of Venice, declared by the emperor, in
7780, a free port fof commerce with
the £ Indies. It is t» miles e of Fiunne.
Lon. 14 a6 e, lat. 45 17 N.
Biicfiannes, the nioft eaflem promon-
tory of Scotland, to the B of Petrr-
head, in Abcrdeenfliire, in lon. i 34 w,
lat. 57 27 N. Near this proraonto7
are the Bullers of Buchan, and other
AupendouK rocks and precipices, muck
admired for the awful grandeur thej
exhibit.
Bucliaria. See Boklfaria,
Biic/ittu, a town of Suabia, with it
nunn»Ty, feated .on a fmall lake, called
Feyder See, 15 milek sw of Ulm.
Buchan, a town v " '^ohemia, in th« |
circle of Saatz, a6 niles sw of Saatz,
Bucfivlz, a town of Brandenb«rg, io I
the Uckcr mark, feated on the Dahmei [
83 miles ssK of Berlin.
Buchorest, a ftrong city of Euro'peai I
Turkey, capital of Walachia, where
the hofpodar commonly refides. Thf
patriarchal church is large, adjoining to
the palace of the archbiifhopj and '\n\\
fquare, near the ccnti* of the town, it |
the great church of St. George, the pa-
tron faint of WalachLi. The inhabit-
ants are cftimated at 6o,coo. It is 'ear.l
od on the Domboriza, 35 roilpsssEofj
Tergovift, and aco K by ^ of Adra-j
nople. Lon. a6 8 e, lat. 4457 w. I
Buchorn, a town of Suabia, latelfj
imperial, feated on the lake of Coih|
fiance, 18 miles ene of Cppftancc.
Buvkdfti, a village in Hnntinffdon'l
(hire, five miles sw of Huntingdon. H«j
is a fuperb palace of the tifhops of Lin-I
coin, and feveral of the prelates hattj
beta interred in the churob>
f Poland, c.»pUal of
• fame nrnne. It ii
alif and fcated in a
leswMWofWarfaw.
5» 40 N.
n of Dohcmta, in the
ith mannfaflure-R of
I hardware, «4 milw
mother, In the circle
rs wNw of Pifek.
1 the gulf of Venice,
)almatia, called like-'
nd, bi'caiife frequent-
). It is joined by a
» of Traon.
wn of Portugal, in
oaft, at the mouth of
miles s of Avma.
'ucliariy a feaport of
f NE part of the gulf
ed by the emperor, in
t fof commerce with
is T» miles E of FiuHie.
•45 «7 Nr
I mod eaflcm promon-
i, to the E of PetPr.
niniire, in Ion. i 34 w,
Near this promontory
of Buchan, and other
J and precipices, muck
: awful grandeur they
^ Bokharia.
wn of Suabia, with »
.on a fmall lake, called
ilew sw of UliB.
Kix V " '■'ohemia, in th« |
6 ni'.es sw of Saatz.
wn oi Brandenburg, io
ffatcd on the Dahme.
Bt-rlin.
troiig city of Europesi 1
of WalachJa, where
)mmonly rtfides. Thf
^his large, adjoining to
e archbiftiopj and in»
ceiiti* of the town, ii I
of St. George, the pa-
^alachia. The inhabit-
d at 60,000. It is feat.
=bciriza, 35 milp«ssE«|
2CO N by -iv of Adm-
8 E, lat. 44 57 ^- ,
own of Suabia, latelf
on the lake of Cod.|
ENE of Cotjftance.
illage In Hnntingdon-I
)W of Huntingdon. HMl
jieofthe'biihopsofLin'l
[al of the prelates h»«|
the cLuTob*
Duckel/urg, a town of Wedphallt, in
Ihe county of Schaa«nburg, with a
cailr on the river Aa, three miles iiK
DfMinden.
Buckcnham, a town \p "Sdrtork, with
„ market on Saturday, i» miles E by n
of Thetford, and 93 lit of London.
Budfatileifik, a village in Devon-
Vire, three miles s bjr w of Afliburtun.
lere are Tome remains of an abbey;
jind many of the houfcs are built with
naterials from its ruins.
Buckingham, a borough and the ca-
pital of Biickinghamfliire, with a market
an Saturday. It is almoft furround^
5y the Oufe, over which ' are three
ftonc bridges. There was fbrmerly a
kallle, on a mount, in the middle of
lie town. Here is little trade or manu-
bAure, except lace- making, and fome
laper-miils on the river. Two miles to
the Nw is Stowe, the celebrated feat of
|be marquis of Buckingham. The
[own fuffered greatly by fire in 1745.
|t is 35 miles ne or Oxford, and 55
)w of London. Lon. o 58 w, lat. 51
|8N.
Buckinghamshire, a county of Eng-
lind, 39 miles long and 18 broad;
joundcd on the n by Northampton -
liirc, E by Bedfordfliire, Hertfordfhire,
Ind Middiefex, s by Berklhlre, and w
\y Oxfordfhire. Il contains 318,400
cres; is divided into eight hundreds,
nd iSjparifhcs; hns 15 market towns;
Ind fends 14 members to parliament.
I'hc number of inhabitants in 1801 was
107,444. Its principal Vivern are the
Thames, Coin, Oufe, and Tan)ei. The
pil is rich, being chiefly chalk or marl ;
nd the woods of the hills, chiefly
eech, form a confiderable article of
Irofit, both as fuel and timber. The
pod general manufadure is bonc-lace
nd paper.
Bucktcrs-hard, a village in Ilamp-
[lire, on Beaulieu river, nine rhiles ssw
'Southampton. The inhabitants are
Irincipally employed in fliip-building ;
lid many frfgates have been built here.
Bnda, or (Iffen, the capital of Lower
^ungary, fituate on the fide of n hill,
the w fide of the Danube, over
Jhich is a bridge of boats to Pert.
the inhabitants are eftimated at a 1,000.
[he churches and public buildings arfc
wdfome. In the adjacent country arc
jneyards, which produce excellent
line;, and hot baths that were in good
rder, witi) magnificent rooms, while
ie Turks had pofleflion of this place,
[he Turks took it in 1529^ and it was
jterWard befieged feveral times by the
feimaus to lid purpofe> till i636, wh«n
H waa taken. It it 94 milei iti of
Prefburg, and aoo mnw of Bclgride*
Lon. 19^ ii,lat. 47 30 N.
Badelxeh, a town of France, in th«
departnnent of Sarre, lately of Oer*
many, in the eltfAorate of Treres; (bat-
ed on the Traen, 1% miles knb of
Treves.
Buderkh, or Burich, k town of
France, in the department of Rodr,
lately of Germany, In the duchy of
Cleve; frated on the Rhine, aii miles
8E of Cieve.
Buditif a town of Bohemia, in the
circle of Rakonitz, with a caftte, nine
miles s by w of Leutmeritz.
BuditigcH, a town of Germany, ia
Wetteravia, with a caftle; fituati 00
the Satnbach, 35 miles kne of Frank-
fort.
Bitdimen. See Batttten,
Budoa, a (Itong feaport of Dalmatia«
and a bilhop's fee. It fufVaincd a fiege
by the Turks in i68«, and is 30 miles
SE of Ragufa. Lon. 18 58 e, lat. 4230 n.
Biidrio, a town of Italy, in the Bo-
logncff, eight miles k of Bologna.
Budwcis, a fortified town of Bohe-
mia, in the circle of Uechin, and lately
a bidiop's fee. In the environs are
mines of gold and filver. It is feated
on the Muldau, 75' miles s by w of
Prague. Lon 14 25 E, lat. 49 a h.
Budzac. See Be^sarlia,
Bug, a river of Poland, which rifes in
the palatinate of Lemburg, flows m to
Brzefc, croffes Polachia iiito Mafovia,.
and enters the Viftula above Wifch-
grod.
Biicn Ayrc. See Bonair,
Br.cnos Ayres, a city and feaport,
the capital of Paraguay, the feat of a
viccroyalty, and a bifliop's fee. It is
well fortified ; and hither is brought a
great pan of the treafurcs and mer-
chandife of Peru and Chili, which are
exported to Spain. It was founded by
Mendofa in 1535, but afterward aban-
doned; and in 1544, another colony of
the Spaniards came here, who left it
alfo; but it was rebuilt in 1582, and
inhabited by Spaniards and the native
Americans. It has an elegant cathedral,
a fmall Indian church, two monalleries,
five convents, a college, a beautiful
fcjuare, and about 33,000 inhabitants.
Ihe trade is carried on with the pro-
vinces of Peru by means of carts drawn
by oxen, which travel together in cara-
vans. The country around is quite
open and level, furnilhing every fpecies
or American and European produc-
tions; but the mo'ft extraordinary cir-
cumftance ia the propagation of cattle,
H
B U L
vhlch have multiplied fo immenfely
that all are in common, and a great
many are killed merely for their hides.
Buenos Ayres was furrendered to the
En^lifh in July 1806, but they v. ere
obligtd lo abandon it foon after. In
July 1807 the Englifli made an unfuc-
ccfsful attack on this city. It is feated
on the Plata, sso miles from the ocean,
though the river there is 21 miles in
breadth. Lon 58 ^i w, lat. 34 35 s.
Bugia, a feaport of Algiers, in the
province of Conftantina, at the mouth
of the Major, on a bay of the Mediter-
ranean. It has a ftrong caftle, but fir
Edward Spragge deftroy?.ii feveral Al-
gerinc men of war under its walls in
1671. The harbour is fafer and more
capacious than that of Algiers, but its
entrance is equally dangerous. The
principal trade is jn inftruments of agri-
culture, made of iron, obtained from
mountains near the town. It is 90
miles E of Algiers. Lou. 5 zH e, lat 36
niiillft, or Biiaify a town of Wales,
in Brecknockfhire, with a markil on
Monday and Saturday. Here was an
ancient caftle, whofe ke(*p, its laft re-
mains, was burnt down in ifigo- In
this neighbourhood the Welch inade
their laft ftand for independence, and
v.tre defeated by Edward i, in is8j.
Eiiilth has a manufadure of (lockings.
It is feated on the Wye, over which is a
bridge into Radnorfliire, i» miles n of
Brecknock, and 173 w by n of London.
Bids, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Drome, 40 miles e of
Orange, and 65 sse of Valence.
Buitrago, a fortified town of Spain,
In New Caftile, celebrated for the wool
collected in its environs. It is feated
on tbe.Lozoya, 40 miles n of Madrid.
BuliJCy a town of Egypt, on the: Nile,
two miles w of Cairo, and the port of
that city. On the n fide of it is the
Califch, whofe banks are cut every
year, to convey the waters of the Nile,
by a canal, to Cairo.
Bnlam, jn illand on the w coaft of
AtVica, at the mouth of tlie Gambia.
'l»;ij foil is good; and a feltlement of
free blacks was formed here in 1 793, by
the Englilh, but the natives of the con-
tinent would not permit it to continue.
Lou. 16 30 w^lat. 1,3 Q N.
Bulgaria, a province of European
Turkey, bounded on the n by Wala-
chiaand Beirarbia, e by the Black fea, s
by Romania and Macedonia, and w by
.Servia. It is mountainous, but fertile
in the intervening vallies. Sofia is the
CM}ital.
" • ■ ' ■•■■.;• \ ■■■-■■ ■ ■■■ •
If
BUR
Bulnesi. See Rawness,
Bunawe, a village of Scotland, jg
Argyleflure, on the e fide of Loch
Etive, at the influx of the river Awe.
Here is an iron foundery, a valuable
falmon lifliery,«and a bay that afTflrdi
Jafe anchorage in any wind. It is ij
miles ENE of Oban.
Bundelcund, or Bundela, a circar o( |
Hindooftan, in the province of AUalu.
bad, inhabited by a tribe of Rajpoot), I
It is a mountaini^us tradt, and contaici
the celebrated diamond mines of Panna,
with fome ftrong fortrefTes. Chatter*
pour is the capital.
Bungay y a town ;n Suffolk, with 1 1
market on Thurfday, feated on the
Wavenay, which is navigable hence to
Yarmouth. It has two churches, and I
the ruins of a nunnery and a caftle. It I
is 36 miles n by e or Ipfwich, and los]
NE of London.
Bmigo, a kingdom of Japan, in the I
illand of Ximo. The kinj^ of this coun-l
try was converted to Chriftianity, andl
fent a folemn embalTy to the pope in I
1583. The capital is Fumay. Loii|
13a o E, lat. 32 40 N.
Bunivay a mountain of Greece, be. I
tween Janna and Livadia. extendiitgiJ
the gulf of Zeiton. The ancient namel
was JEta; and it is famous forthepafjl
of Thermopyljc (fo called from thjl
hot baths in the neighbourhood) where I
Leonidas, and his 300 Spartans, refilled |
for three days the whole Perfian army.
Bunkers tlill. See Breeds Hill.
Bunting fordy a town in Hertford'
fliire^ with a market on Monday, 31 1
miles N by E of London.
Buntwahya. town of Hindoorian,ij|
Canara^ which has a great inland trade;
lituatc near the Netrawari, 10 miles b|
of Mangaloie.
Buiitzlnuy a town of Silcfi.i, in tJitj
principality of Jauer. It has a mami-r
faflure of brown potteiy with gold!
and filvcr llowers ; and is feated on thcj
Bober, 23 miles w by n of Lignitz.
Buntztauy Ally a town of BohemiJil
feated on the Elbe, 16 miles Siwof Juii{|
I'unt/lau.
Buiil:liin, Juvg, a town of Bobemiail
capital of the circle of Buntzlau. It|
was a royal town under Rodolphus iii
and is feated on the Her, iH miles kx«|
of Prague. Lon. 15 o e, lat. 50 ijN'
Biiraii, ragy a river of the kingdom ofF(!j|
which enters the Atlantic ocean, atSalittI
Burdtcaii, a town of HindooHan, »|
pita! of a qiftrift in Bengal, feated oi|
the Dummooda, 57 miles nw of W
cutta. Lgn. 87 56 e, lat. 23 jo n.
, Jiur-cllOfOV Ciiifa i/«r«//«, a townil
"''■.'' . J'. .' ;. /j • ■ .
>^- 1
Botvnesst
llage of Scotland, ig
the E fide of Locii
lux of the river Awe,
foundery, a valuable
ind a bay that aflfflrdi
n any wind. It is 15
an.
,r Bundela, a circar ol |
lie ^province of Allah.
►y a tribe of Rajpooti. I
ii^us tradt, and contalni
amond mines of Panna,
Ig fortreffes. Chatter- 1
tal. . ,
>wn ;n Suffolk, with i
urfday, feated on tk
li is navigable hence to I
has two churches, and I
unnery and a caftle. It I
y E or Ipfwich, and loS
igdom of Japan, in thtl
The kini^of thiscoun-l
ted to Chriftianity, and I
embaffy to the pope in
ipital is Fumay. Lon.1
40 N.
lountain of Greece, be-
id Livadia, extending iJ
ton. The ancient name I
, it is famous forthepafil
jG (fo called from thj
e neighbourhood) where I
his 300 Spartans, refilled
he whole Perfian army.
See Breeds llill.
a town in Hertford' |
market on Monday, 31
_,ondon.
own of Hindooftan, in
has a great inland trade; I
c Netrawari, 10 miles i|
town of Silpfi.i, in ths
Jaucr. It has a manu-
own potteiy with gold
irs; and is feated ontte|
w by N of Lignitz.
If, a town of Bohemia,
Ibe, i6mile3SiVv-ofJuii5|
iiv<r, a town of Bohemia,
circle of Buntxlaii. It
wn under Uodolphusii,
)nthe Her, aBmilesKSi
:)n. 15 o E, ht. 50 al^'•
vcr otthe kingdom ofFe?,
e Atlantic otean,atSallee.
town of nindooHfln, oj
ria in Bengal, feated fl"
a, 57 miles nw of C)
17 <;6 E, lat. 13 so N.
Jivila i?ttr«^/o, a tov'ii
B UH
j Naples, in' Abruzzo Citeriore, »o miles
s of Lanciano. ^
Buren, a town of Holland, in Gelfler-
land, with a fortified ci^le, »a miles w
ofNimeguen. ,gil: . ,. . ^
I i?f.rn,^a town of wMfphalia, m the
I principality of PaderbonT, feated on the
lAlme, 10 miles s of Paderborn.
I Buren, a town of Swiflerland, in the
Icanton of Bern, feated on the Aar, fix
jroiles sw of Soleure.
Burford, a town in Oxfordfhire, with
|a market on Saturday. Here are m.^-
Irufadlures of faddles, duflels, and n:. ■•
lit is feated on the 'A'iodriHh, 17 miles
jwby N of Oxford, and 7a w of London.
I Burg, a town of Holland, in the
Icoiinty of Zutphen, feated on the Old
lYfll'l, 18 miles e ofNimeguen.
1 Burg, a town of Lower Saxony, in
tthe duchy of Magdeburg, on the river
Jhle, 12 miles nne of Magdeburg.
Burg, a town of Weftphalia, in the
jluchy of Berg, with manufaftures of
tuiibarrels and woollen ftuft's; feated
pnthe Wipper, 18 miles se of Dufll-1-
Borf.
Burgas, n. town of European Turkey,
kn Romania, on the w coaft of the Black
|ea, 116 miles nnw of Conftantinople.
on. 27 a6E, lat. 42 3.1 n.
Burgaii, a town of Suabia, with a
^llle which gives name to a marquifate,
fctely fubjeft tc Auftria, but ceded to
(avaria in 1805. It is feated on the
Jindel, fix miles e of Guntzburg (the
fapital) and as wnw of Augflaurg.
Burgdorf, a town of Swiflerland, in
he canton of Bern, with a caftle, feated
In an eminence, on the river limtnen,
light miles ne of Bern.
Burgdorf, a town of Lower Saxony,
1 Luneburg, with a cnllle, on the
liver Awe, is miles s of Zell.
I Burgh, a village in Cumberland, five
piles WNW of Carlifle. Near it is a
olumn, eretfled to denote the fpot
Iheri; Edward i died, when preparing
pr an expedition againfl Scotland.
\Burghaun, 3 town of Germany, in
lie principality of Fulda, on the river
laun, eight miles nne of Fulda.
I BuTglingci{tcl, a town of Bavaria, in
|ie principality of Neuburg, 16 miles
'of Ratifl>on.
\Buroo:, a city of Spain, capital of
|ld Caftile, and an archbifhup's fee.
lliasan antique caftle, once t!.e abode
I the kings of Caftile; and tlie calhe-
lis one of the moft magnifictnt Go-
lie fabrics in Europe. Ihc fijunrcf:,
iiblic buildings, and fountainc, are fine.
lis feated partly on a moun(,aiiK ,ii,d
Irtljr o^^,t^« jivCf, AJ^aiuonj ^^ luiics s.
B U R
by s of Leon, and 117 n of Madrid.
Lon. 3 30W, lat. 4a 28 N.
Burgu, or Berdoa, a territory of Za-
hara, in the defert of Lybia, to the s of
Augila and e of Fezzan. The capital
is of the fame name, a^o miles ssw of
Augila, and 430 ese of Mourzook.
Lon ai 40 E.lat. a6 10 N.
Burgundy, a late province of France^
iia miles long and 75 broad; bound-
ed on the e by Franche Compt^, w
by Bourbonnois and Nivernols, s by
l.yonois, and n by Champagne. It is
fertile in corn, fruits, and* excellent
wines; and Is now formed into the
three departments of C6te d'Or, Saon<
and Loire, and Yonne.
Burlta7i]miT, a city of Hindooftanj
c.ipital of Candeifh, and, at one period,
of the Deccan alfo- It has a great trade
in fine cotton for veils, Ihawls, &c.. In
the war with the Mahrattas in i8o5i 't
furrendered to the Britilh. It is fituatc
in a delightful country, on the river
Tapty, aa^ miles e by zt of Surat. Lon.
76 J9 E, lat. ai 25 N.
Burhanpoiir, a town of Hindooftan,
in Bengal, on the river Coflimbazar, 90
miles N of Calcutta.
BuTumo, a town of Tufcany, in the;
Siennefe, near the lake Caftigleno, la
miles ssE of Mafla.
Burivli. See Biidertch.
Burhn, a fortified feaport of Arabia,
in the province of Aman, 45 miles wnw
ofM.ifcat.
Bnrkm, a town of Germany, in the
late eletRorato of Mentz, 37 miles E of
Htidelberg.
Bjirkhausat, a town of Bavaria, with
an old fortified taftle on a mountain.
Tt is the feat of a regency, and ftands
on the river Salza, near its confluence
with the Inn, a7 milps nnw of Salz-
burg.
Burlington, a town of England. See
Bridlington.
Burlington, a city of New Jerfcy, ca-
pital of a county of the fame name. It
is a fret port ; feated on the Delaware,
.which is here a mile broad, and affords
a fafe and convenient harbour. It is 17
miles NE of Pliiladelphia. Lcn. 75 10
w, lat. 40 17 N.
Bnrlington, a town of Vermont, chief
of Chittinden county. In 179T, achar*
ter was gianted for a richly endowed
univerhty to be eftabliflied here. It 13
fituatc en Lake Champluin, laa miles
N of Bennington. Lon. 73 10 w, lat.
44 25 N. .
Bu^n>in>r},z town in Norfolk, with
a tria.;ket on Monday and Saturday.
It Jta&dq .RC(ir, the fea, ou the river
-' ■ ' H-2
•'!S>^..
M
'1
iWi
iii
" -'/iti^i
J^Ki '
i j
anf^Hfl
JHi-
P^^^^M
I^R^
>'.
.|bbb(I
ift ^
r!
1 n^Hu
1S^'
^
>i ^^H
oM i
1 1
■B'^
'''i
wKi
p!
Ban
Burn, in which is a fmall harbour.
Around it, are fire villages of the fame
name, with an addition; and that of
Burham Thorp is the birthplace of the
celebrated admiral lord Nelfon, whofe
father waa the redor. Bnrnham is 19
miles NW of No»wich, and 117 ne of
London.
■ Bnrnham, a town in Efiex, at the
mouth of the river Crouch, which^ is
here called Bnrnham Water. The
Walfleet and Burnham pyftcrs are the
prodiid of the creeks and pits of this
rivci. Burnham is 1 1 miles se of Maiden.
Burnieii, a town in Lancafhire, with
a market on Monday, and fom<; woollen
and cotton manufactures. It ftands in
a woody vale, aimoft furrounded by
the Leeds and Liverpool canal, 35 miles
SE of Lancailer, and 211 nnw of Lon-
don.
Burnt Island, an idand near the s
coaft of Newfoundland, 15 miles ESEof
Cape Ray. Lon. 58 50 w, lat. 47 30 n.
Bnrnl. Islands, a clufter of illands in
the LnH-an ocean, wnw from Goa.
Lull. 73 30 E, lat- 16 o N.
Bwintislandy a borough of Scotland,
in Fifefliire, on the frith of Forth, with
an excellent harbour, and a trade in
ihip-building. It is feated at the foot
of lofty hills, nine miles n of Leith.
Burrampnoter, or Mcgna, a river
which rifes in the mountains of Tibet,
near the head of the Ganges. Thefe
two rivers, ilfuing from oppoiite fides
of the fame ridge of mountains, dired
their coufe toward oppoiite quarters,
till they are more than 1200 miles
afunder; and afterward meet in one
point near the fea, each having per-
formed a winding courfe of about 1400
miles. From its fource, thft Burram-
pooter proceeds E through Tibet, where
it is named Sapoo, or Zancin ; that is,
the River: after wifliing the border of
the territory of Lafla, it proceeds se to
within 220 miles of Yunan, the weftern-
moft province of China : it then turns
fuddcnly to the w, and paffing through
AfTam, afllimes the name of Burram-
pooter. It enters Bengal on the ne,
makes a circuit round the weftern point
of the Garrow Mountains, and then,
altering it? courfe to s, meets the
Ganges about 40 miles from the fea.
During the laft 60 miles before its junc-
tion with the Ganges, it forms a ftrenm
which is regularly from four to five
miles wide.
Bursa, or Prusa, a city of Afiatic
Turkey, in Natolia, built by Prufias
. king of Bythinia. It waa the capital of
» -i>a Otti>inan «nipu:«, before tbe t^kinj;
BUR
of Conftantinople ; and it now containj
about 60,000 inhabitants^ It ftands
upon feveral little hills, at the bottom
oT Mount OlytttDiis, and on the edge of
a fine plain fulhifcfruit-treeg. So many
fprings proceeWrom the mount, that
every houfe has its own fountain ; anil
at its foot are fplendid hot baths. The
raofques arc elegant, as are the caravan,
farics. The bezelline is a large ftruc- 1
ture full of warehoufes and {hops, con.
t'liiiing all the commodities of theeall,
belide their own manufaiSures in filk, |
Here are the bcft workmen in all Tur.
key, who are excellent imitators of the I
taptflry of Italy and France. Nont
but muffclmans are permitted to dwell!
in the city; but the fuburbs, which aw |
much finer, and better peopled, are i
ed with Jews, Armenians, and Greeks,!
Burfa is 68 miles s by E of Conftanti-I
nople. Lon. 29 13 e, lat. 40 isN. I
liurslenij a town in Staffordfliirc, will I
a market on Monday and Saturday. Itj
was lately a fmall village, but now hajj
cxtenfive potteries, and in 1801 contain-f
ed 6578 inhabitants. It ftands near the j
Trent and Merfey canal, two miles sseI
of Newcaftle, and 15 1 nnw of London.!
Bursleton, a village in HampftiirpJ
five miles ese of Southampton. Itl
ftands on the Hamble, three miles froml
its mouth, and feveral (hips have been!
built here for the navy. |
Burton, a town in Weftmorlandjwitlil
a market onTuefday ; feated in a val
near the Lancafter canal, la mikssof|
Kendal, and aji nnw of London.
Burton upon Slral/icr, a town in IId-I
colnlhire, with a market on Mondayl
feated on a hill, near the Trent, y\
miles N of Lincoln, and 165 n by w oil
London. I
Burton upon Trent, a town in StafI
fordfhire, with a market on ThurfdayT
It has the remains of a large abbey; amtl
over the Trent is a bridge of frceftonel
a quarter of a mite in length. Hereattj
manufadures of Iiats, cotton, tammiei,|
fpades and other articles of iron ; and it
is famous for excellent ale. It is ul
miles NE of Lichfield, and 125 nnw J
London.
Burwah, a town of Hindooftan, ill
Bengal, on the borders of Orifl'a, :(tj
miles w by n gf Calcutta. Lon. 84 3}i||
lat. 23 6 N.
Brnj/y a town in Lancaibire, witbij
market on Thurfday, Here are la
manufadtures of woollen and cottoij
and fome capital printing works na
thetown. In 1801 themhabitantswa
707a, It is feated oa.tne Irvejl, aboi
uie inBttx of the Rodh, hlhe miles k t
-H.
u n
; and it now contains
habitant s^ It ftands
e hill8, at the bottom
lis, and on the edge of
PJruit-trec?. So many
From the mount, that 1
its own fountain; and
endid hot baths. The
aiit, as are the caravan.
;eftine is a large ftruc-
:houfes and ftiopB, con-
)mmodities of the eaft,
II manufatflures in filk.
ft workmen in all Tun
xellent imitators of the
ly and France. Nont
are permitted to dwell I
the fuburbs, which are |
i better peopled, are '
Armenians, and Greeks.
Ics s by E of Conftanti.
5 IS E, lilt. 40 laN. I
(wn in Staffordfliirc, with I
onday and Saturday. Itl
nail village, but now hal
ries, and in 1801 contain.!
tants. It ftands near tkel
■fey canal, two miles sneI
and 15 1 NNw of London,!
I village in Hampfliirf,l
E of Southampton. Itl
HlamWe, three miles froml
1 feveral (hips have b«iil
the navy. I
wn in Weftmorland,wit!il
uefday ; feated in a vallejl
lafter canal, la miles sol]
.NNW of London.
Slralhcr, a town in Lit-I
. a market on Mondayil
hill, near the Trent, jiF
icoln, and 165 n by w oil
Trent, a town in StifJ
. a market on Thurfday.
ains ofa large abbey, aoJ
t is a bridge of frceftow,
mile in length. Hereaitl
of hats, cotton, tammiti,!
ler articles of iron ; andU
excellent ale. It is "I
.ichfield, and 125 nnwi
town of Ilindooftan, ill
e borders of Orill'a, :(•
^Calcutta. Lon.84 35'i|
ivn in LancaOiire, with
hurfday. Here are laj
of woollen and coim
lital printing works r
J 80 1 the inhabitants w
iatedoti.theIrvell,al
the RoiK,nirie miles Jf
51
.BUT
w of Mant^hcfter, and 195 knw of Lon-
Bunj St- J^o Ttund, a borough in Suf-
folk, with a market on Wedtiefday and
Satur^lay. It took its^name from St.
Edmund the king, who was buried
here; and to his honour ai abbey was
founded, of which fome noble ruins re-
main. Here Are two parifti-churches,
I which ftand in one churchyard : in St.
I Mary's lies Mary queen of France, who
was married to Charles lirattdon duke
of Suffolk. ' At this town the barons
met, and entered into a league againft
king John. Henry vi called a parlJa-
mciit here in 1446, when Humphry
jdiike of Gloucefter was imprifoned, and
|i'.c died here, as fuppofed, by poifun.
Tiie affizes for the county are held
jlicre; and it has a freefchool founded
Iby Edward vi. The number of inha-
Ibitants in 1801 was 7655 ; and moft of
Itliem are employed in trade and manu-
fadlures. It is feated on the Larke, a
branch of the Onfe, 25 miles nw of Ipf-
vidi, and 71 nn e of London. Lon. o
46E,lat.53 22 N.
Bunjenn, St. a village in Cornwall,
Eve miles wsw of Pen/ance. It was
once of gnat note, and had a college
JFoundetl by king Atlielftan. . The church
is fpacious, and contains many curious
relics of antiquity. In its neighbour-
hood are 19 large {tones ftanding in a
tircie, 1 a feet from each other, and in the
Centre is one much larger than the reft.
liusheir, a town of Perfia, in Fai-
lillan, fun-ounded by a wall, with a
l:\v baftions. The Englifh Eaft-India
Company have a fadtory here; and the
[rade with Shiras, by caravans, is coh-
Merable. It is fituate on a narrow
peclcof land, in the^lf of Perfia, no
niles wbw of Shiras. Lon- 5 1 o e, lat.
|i9 20 N.
Busiarah, See Bassora.
Bitip, an ifland of Scotland, in the
Mth of Clyde, feparated on the n from
he peninlula of Cowal in Argylcfliire
py a narrow channel. It is 14 mUe?
ong and four broad; the n part hilly
|nd ban-cn, but the s fertile and well
lultivated. The coaft is rocky, and
ndented with feveral fafe harbours,
[hiefly appropriated to the herring
|(hery. JRothiay is the capital.
Rutesliire, a county of Scotland, con-
Ifting of the illands of Bute, Arran,
fieat and Little Combray, and Inch-
partoc, which lie in the frith of Clyde,
jetween the counties of Ayr and Ar-
yle. This fliire fends a member to
»rliampnt alternately with Caithnefs-
pirc. Sec Bute, &c.
Biitrinto, a feaport of European Tut*
kcy« in Albania, and a bifliop's fee;
feated on the canal of Corfu, at the en-
trance of the gulf of Venice, 30 miles s
of Chimxra. Lon. ao ^ e, lat. 39 49 if.
ButtermcrCfli lake m Cumberlandt
eight miles sw of Kcfwick. it is two
miles long, and nearly half a mile
broad. On the w fide it is ternjinated
by a mountain, called, from .its ferru-
ginous colour, the Red Pike ; a ftrip of
cultivated ground adorns tlie E ihore;
at the >f end is the village of Biitter-
mere; and a group of houfes, called
Gatefgarth, is feated on the s extre-
mity, under an amphitheatre of moun'-
tninous rocks. Here Honifter Crag is
feen rifing to a vaft height, flanked by
two conical mountains, Fleetwith on
the E, H.id Scarf on the w fide. Nu-
merous mountaiu torrents form never-
failing cataradts that thunder and foam
down the rocks, and form the lake
below. This lake is called the Upper
Lake; and, near a mile from it, to the
NE is the Lower Lake, called alfo Cro-
mack-water. The river Cocker flows
through both thefe lakea to Cocker-
mouth.
Butterworth^ a large village in Lan-
cafliirc, two miles e of Rochdale, wfaicfa
partakes in the trade and manufaiftures
of that town.
Button Bay, the K part of Hudfoa
bay, through which attempts have beea
made to difcover a nw paflage to
China. It is fo called from fir Thomas
Button, who here loft his Ibip, and.
came back in a iloop built in the coun-
try. It lies between 60 and 66 nt lat.
Bultsfadt, a town of Upper Saxony*
in Thuringia, feated on the Lofs, 16
miles w of Naumburg.
Butzbachf a town of Germany, in
Wetteravia, feated in a marfhy but fer-
tile plain, 10 miles s of Gieflen.
Bntzow, a town of Lower Saxony, in
Mecklenburg-Schwerin, feated on the
Warna, 17 miles sw of RoftOck.
Buxadewur, a ftrong fort of the coun-
try of Bootati, at the entrance of the
mountains from Bengal. It ftands on
the top of a rock, 20 miles n of Chicha-
cotta.
Buxar, a town and fort of Hindoo-
ftan, in Bahar, on the right bank of the
Ganges, 72 miles w of Patna.
Buxtehndc, a town of Lower Saxony,
in the duchy of Bremen^ oh the river
Efte, 18 miles SE of Stade.
Buxton^ a village iii Derbylhire, at
the entrance of the Peak. It has nine
wells that rife near the fource of th*
river Wye ; aod tbey are deemed one
4-i
■ m
CAB
of tbe fevcn wonders of the Peak. Their
.waters, noted in the time of the Ro-
mans, are hot and fulphnreous; and
much company refort to them in the
fummer. The building for the bath
■was ereAed by George earl of Shrewf
bury; and h^rre Mary queen of Scots
was for foT)'.* time. The duke of De-
yonlhire has ereded a beautiful build-
ing in the form of a crefcent, under
wMcb are piazzas and (hops. A mile
hence is another of the wonders, called
Pool's Hole, at the foot of a mountain.
The entrance is low and narrow, but
it prefently opens, to a cave of conlide-
rabie height, and 696 feet long, with a
roof refembling a Gothic cathtdral. It
contains many ftaladlitious concretions,
and fcveral curious rcprefentations both
of art and nature, produced by the
petrifying water continually dropping
irom the rock. Buxton is 3a miles
jiw of Derby, and 163 nnw of London.
Bychow, a town of Lithuania, on the
Dnieper, 1 80 miles ssw ot'Wilna. Lon.
30 o E, lat. 53 38 N,
Byran Island, an idand in the Pacific
ocean,, difcovcred by commodore Byron
.in 1765. It is low, fjuUofwood, and
.very populcus. The natives are tall,
.well-proportioned, and clean ; and their
countenance expreflive of a furprifing
.mixture of intrepidity and cheerfuinefs.
^on. If 3 46 e, lat i 18 s.
C.
Caaden, a town of Bohemia, in the
circle of SaatZi on the river Eger, nine
miles sw of Commotau.
Caana. See Keiic. '
pahefo de Videy a town of Portugal,
in Alentejo, witbi^caftle, 12 miles sw
pf Portali'gro. ,
Calenda, a foaport of Africa, in Con-
fo, fubjeft to Portugal, jop miles se pf
■oango. \jOn. 12 3 e, lat- 45 s.
Cabes, or Gales, a town of the king-
ddm of Tunis, near a gulf of the fame
fjame, 170 mjles s of Tuni*. Lop. 10
SS e,lat. 3.^ 40 N.
Cabinpoiiit, a town of Virginia, in
Surry qounty, on Upper Chipoak creek,
near James ri'er, z6 miles ese of Pe-
terfbtjrg.
Cabra, a town of Spain, in Andalqlia,
with (ix convents, and a college for the
ftudj of philofopby and divinity. It is
ntt^ate at the foot of a piountain, neaf
pc fource of a river of the fame name,
»5 miles SE of Cordova.
' ^abrOf a town of the kingdom of
C A C
Tombuctoo. It is a place of great
trade, feated on the Niger, and fenes
as a port to the capita!, 10 miles SEof I
Tombuftoo.
Cabrera, an ifl^nd in the Meditetanean,
feven miles s of Majorca. It has a
la.^s harbour, on the n fide, defendtd
by a caftle. Lon. a 55 e, lat. sgts.
Calul, a country of Afia, bounded 00
the w by Perfia, n by the Hindbo-ko,
e by Cainmere, and s by Canda!:ar. ft
was anciently a province of Perils, af- [
terward it was annexed to the Mogu;
empire till 1739, when it was reftoredl
to Perfia by Nadir Shah The country I
is highly divcrlified; coniiftingof rnouii.!
tains covered with fnovv, hilL of inoii;.|
rate height, rich plains, ftately forcftJ
and innumerable ftreanis. It piodiiceil
every article necellViry for human \M
with tlie molt delicate fniits and flowers)
It is fometimes called Zabuliftan, froml
Zabul, one of the names of GhizniJ
which was the ancient capital of thJ
country. I
Cabti/, the capital of the province o(|
Cabul, and of the dominions of the full
tan of the Afghans, feated near the footl
of the Ifindoo-ko, on the river AttopkT
It carries on a confidcrable trade, andnl
confidered as the gate of India toward!
Tartary. In 1739, Nadir Shah tookiti
by ftorm, and plundered it' of greitl
treafures. It is 170 miles ne of Candil
har. Lon. 68 35 e, lat. 34 30 n.
Cacara, a town of ^ the kingdom ofl
Fez, with a fort upon'a rock, 16 milal
S of Melilla. I
Cacellu, a town pf Portugal, onthil
se coaft of Algarva, fix miles b by no(I
Tavira, and eight wsw of Caftro Marial
(Jaccres, a town of Spain, in Mai
madura, feated on the Sabrot, 22iniii«|
se of Alcantara.
Cuceresy a town of the iCand of h\
conia, capital of the province of C<<n»|
rines, and a biiliop's fee. Lon- i:|tl
E, lat. 14 33 N. I
Gachan, or Cashan, a town of Perfiiil
it} Iraq Agen\i, which has a conliderabkl
trade in filks, filver and gold brocadM
and porcelain. Here are many ChriHj
ians, and Guebrejt, or worfliippersi
fire. It is feated in a vaft plain, 55 mild
N by w of Ifpahan. Lon. 51 55 E,ijt|
33 *o ^^
Cachao, or Kecho, the capital of tl
kingdom of Tonquin. It contains ^o^<t»
houfe8,\yliofc walls arp pf mud, andt'
roofs covered with thatch ; a ftw i
built with brick, and roofed with {
tiles, f he principal ftreets are vt^
wide, and paved vyith fmali fiones. Tlj
king has three palaces hcre^ fuchast'
: A c • r- , .
is a place of great
the Niger, and fenes
:apital, lo miles seof |
ndin the Meditetanean,
»f Majorca. It has a
>n the N fide, defended |
n. a55E, lat. ag^s.
try of Alia, boundt'donl
I, N by the Hindoo-ko,
and s by Canda^ar. ft|
I province of Perlia, af-
annexed to the Mo^iil
, whon it was reftoredj
dirShah The country [
^ed ; couilfting of moun.
ith fnow, hilL of mode-l
li plains, ftately forcfts,!
e dreams. It producesl
jceil'-iry for human life,
elicate fruits and flowtrJ
called Zabuliftan, froiiil
the nanies of GhizniJ
; ancient capital of tlit|
apital of the province ol
the dominions of theful
lans, feated near the foot
ko, on the river Attoqk,
confidcrable trade, andii
he gate of India towaii!
739, Nadir Shah took it
4 plundered it' of grot
is 170 miles NEofCandj.]
35 E, lat. 3430 N. ■
jwn of ^ the kmgdom of
rt upon'a rock, 16 mila
;>wn of Portugal, on thtl
arva, fix miles shy soil
U wsw of Caftro Marial
town of Spain, in EHm
on the Sabrot, zz mm
Qwn of the iRand of Ul
of th e province of Caii»l
rtvop's fee. Lon. i^l
Cashan, a town of Perfiii I
, which has a confidcrjbl(|
filver and gold brocadc^l
Here are manyChrill
pbre.s, or worfhippers
dinavaft plain, 55""*
than. Lon. 51 5S ^^
Kecbo, the capital of tl
mquin. It contains so,o«
walls arp of mud, and I
with thatch •, a ftw f
,k, and roofed withp
rincipal ftreets are va
;d with fmalJ ftoncs. r
palaces here, fuch Mi
CAD
are; and near them are ftablos for his
horfes and elephants. The houfe of the
Englifh faflory is the beft in the city ;
and the fadories pnrchafe filks and lack-
ered ware, as in China. It is f<*ated on
the river Hoti, 3o milCs from the gulf of
Tonquin. Lon. 105 11 E, lat. ai 10 n
Cackeo, a town of the kingdom of
Ciimbo, feated on the river Gacheo, or
St. Domingo, 50 miles from its month.
It is fubjedt to the Portiiguefe, who h.^ve
three forts, and carry on a ;;reat trade
in wax and naves. Lon. 14 55 e, lat. la
Cachocira, a town of Brafil, in the go-
vernment of All Saints Bay. It is the
mart for the northern gold mines, and
Hands on a fmall river, 4» miles nw of
St- Salvador.
Cdcongo, a town of the kingdom of
Loango, feated near the mouth of a ri-
ver, 40 miles SSE of Loango.
Oicorln, a town of Spain, in Andalu-
fia, on the rivulet V«;ga, between two
mountains, 15 miles ese of Ubeda.
Cadeuac, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Lot, on the river Lot, a?
milt's ENE of Cahors.
Cadend, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Mouths of the Rhone, aft
miles SE of Avignon.
Cadcr Idris, a mountain of Wales,
in Meiionethfhire, to the s of Dolgelly.'
The perpendicular height is eftimated
to be 1850 feet above the level of the
fea; and on it arc leveral lakes, abound-
ing in fifli.
Cadiar, a town of Spain, in Granada,
j8 miles se of Granada.
Cadillacy a town of France, in the de-
partment of Giroude, with a caftle,
I feated on the Garonne,, ij miles se of
Bourdeaux.
Cadi:, a city of Spain, in Andalufia,
I and a bilhop's fee; with a good harbour.
I It is feated on the ifle of Leon, at its
Kw extremity, and the bay formed by
litis 12 miK'8 loVig and fix broad. The
s fide iis inacceffiblc by fea, becaufe it
is edged with craggy rocks; and two
forts, the Puntal and Matagorda, com-
jmand the paffage into the harbour.
I Cadiz is a very ancient place, being
jbuiltbythe Phoenicians: it was after-
Iward a Roman town ; and there are
pill feveral remains of Roman antiqui-
Itits. This port is the centre of the
ISpanilh commerce to the W Indies and
lAmurica. There are linen manufac-
pres in the nei>?hbourhood, but that of
[fait is the chief branch of induftry. The
cathedral is a handfome modem ftruc-
Iture. Cadiz was taken by the Eng-
M in 1596; but being attempted agam
C AF
in 1763, they had not the like firccefs.
It is 45 miles w of Gibraltar, andtjo w
by s of Malaga. Lon. 6 16 w, lat. 36
3a N. .
Ctnhra, a town of Italy, capital of
the diftri<5l of Cadorino, and the birth-
place of Titian, the painter. It is feated
on the Piave, 15 miles n of Belluno. *
Lon. iz o E, lati 46 a8 n.
Cadorino, a diftriiJt of Italy, lately fub- "
je«5t to Venice : bounded on the e by"
Friuli, s and w by the Bellunefe, and W
by the principality of Brixen. Itisji
mountainous country, and the chief
town is Cadora.
Cadsand, or Cassand, an ifland of
Holland, on the n coaft of Flinders, at
the mouth of the Scheldt. The land is
fertile, and the inhabitants make a-
large quantity of excellent cheefe; The
chief town is Caflandria. • 1;
Ccen, a city of France, capital of the
department of Calvados. It has a ce-
lebrated univerfity, and a caftJe with'
four towers, built by the Englifli. The
abbey of St. Stephen was fourided by
William the conqueror, who was buried
in it. The river Orne runs through ■
the city, to which the tide brings up
large vefiTels.' It is 65 miles w by • of
Rouen, and r;f5 w of Parid. Lon. o a*
W, lat. 49 II N. • ' :■,
Caer. For fome places that ofteni
begin thus, as Caerdiff, fee under Cat^>
Caerlron, a town of Monmotlthihire^
with a market on Thurfday. Many
Roman antiquities have been founcl:
here; and it has the ruins of a eaftle. '
It is feated on the Uik, 19 miles sw of
Monmouth, and 146 w by N of London.
Cucrphillify a town of Wales, in Gla-
morganfliire, with a market on Thurf-
day. The ruins of its celebrated caftle
more refemble that of a city than a fingle
edifice. It is feated between the.Taafe
and Rumney, feven miles n of Cardiff,'
and 160 w of London. .;
Caerwent, a village in Monmouth-
fliire, four miles sw of Chepftow. It
is the Venta SiUirnm of the Romans,
once crowded with palaces and tem-
ples; but now the buildings within its
ruined walls are only a church and a
few fcattered houfes, the reft of the area
being laid out in fields and orchards,
where a teflelatcd pavement and nume-
rous other antiquities have been difco-
vered. ' ."
Cacrwi/s, a town of Wales, in Flint-
fliire, with a market on Tuefday, five
miles w of Flint, and aia nw of Lon-
don.
Caffa, or Theodotia, the4argeft town
of the Crimea, wi^h an exctUent road
C A F
and h&.bour. It was taken, in ii65»
by the Genoefe, who made it one of
the mod fiutiri/hing towns in Afia. It
vrns, taken from th(?m by the Venetiansy
in 1 897, but foon recovered ; however,
in 1474, the Tartars, afflfted by the
Turks, finally expelled them. It was
the lafi: poft in the Crimea of which the
Genoefe retained the fovereignty Caffa
was the Thendofia of the ancients ; a
naiae whicli has been reftored to it (ince
the Ruffians became poflfeiTed of the
Crimea- It contains about zo,ooo in-
habitants, and is corkllantly well garri-
foned. The trade confift? in wax, furs,
lambfkins, leather, hoi les, and female
flaves; moft of the latter are brought
from Circaflia, and are here fold at from
4 to 800 pound'' each, in proportion to
their charms. Caffa is feated on a bay
of the Blick fea, at the foot of fome
high mbuntains, 65 miles e by.N of
Sympheropol, and 130 se of Precop.
Lon. 95 20 B), lat. 45 o N.
Caffj/i Strait of, the ancient Cim-
merian BofpKorus.a ftrait that forms the
communication between the Black fea
and the lea of /^fopb, and a feparation
between Europe and Afia.
CnffTana,a country of Africa extend-
ing alon^ the Indian. ocean to the mouth
of the Great Filh river, in lat. 30 30 s ;
by this river it is divided from the country
of the Hottentots, and the other boun-
daries are not afcertained. The Caffres
are tall and well-proportioned ; and, in
f;«neral, evince great courage in attacking
ions and other beads of prey. Their
fkin is a jet black, their teeth white as
ivory, and their «ye8 large. The cloth-
ing of both fexes is the fame,, confifting
entirely of the hides of oxen, which are
as pliant as cioth. The men wear tails
of different animals .tied round their
thighs ; pieces of brafs in their hair, and
large ivory rings on their arms ; they
are 'adorned alfo with the hair of lions,
and feathers fattened on their heads,
with many other fantaftical ornaments.
Theyare fond of dogs; and have great
pride in their cattle, which pay the moft
perfeft obedience to their voice. Their
«xercife is hunting, fighting, or dancing.
They arc expert in throwing lances, and,
in time of .var, ufe fhields made of the
hides of oxen The women are em-
ploye'' ' * the cultivation of their gardens
and coin. Theyraife feveral vegetables,
which arc not indigenous to the country,
as tobacco, watermelons, kidneybeans,
and hemp. Their huts are higher and
more commodious than thofe of the
If ottehtots, and their lands more fertile ;
but their oxen, and almoft all their aoi*
C A J
mals, are much fmaller. Induftrv is the
leading trait in the character of the Caf.
fres, who are diftinguiOicd from their
neighbours to the s (>y their fondnefs for
agnculture. They have a high opinion
of the Supreme Being, and of his power :
they believe in a future ftate of rewards
and punifliment ; but think that the
world had no beginning, and will be
everlafting. They have no facrtd cere-
monies, and confequently no prieftsj
but they have -^ kind nf '--oniurors whom
they greatly revere. They ai e governed
by an hereditary king, whofe power is
very limited ; but, being permitted to
take as many wives as he pleafes, he ha^
a larger portion of lands to cultivate, and
a greater number of cattle to tend and
feed. The diftance of the different hordes
makes it neceflary that they ftiould have
inferior chiefs, who are appointed by
the king.
Ctfg/j, a town of Italy, in the duchy
of Urbino, at the foot of the Apennines,
20 miles s of Urbino.
Caqtiariy a fortified city and fcaport
of Sardinia, c;ipiial of the ifland, and an
archbifliop's fee, with a univovfity and
a caftle. Here are five churches, befide
the cathedral, three of which are colle.
.T:iate. It ftands on the s part of the
ifland, at the bottom of a gulf of its
name, which forms a large r^nd fecure
harbour. Lon. 9 zC l, lat. 39 20 n.
Cagnete, CaneiCy or Guarco, a town
of Peru, capital of a diftri<!:> of the fame
name, extending .iboui .4 kagues along
the feacoad. It is fituate near the fea,
80 miles SE of Lima. Lon. 76 16 w, lat.
13 10 s.
Cahnrsy a city of France, capital of |
the department of Lot, and a biflioo's
fee, with a univerfity. It is feated on a I
peninfula made by the rjver Lot, and
built partly on a craggy rock. There
are three bridges over the river. The
cathedral is a Gothic ftruAure, and has
a large fquare fteeple. The town has a
manufaiflure of fine cloths and ratteens,
and furnifhes excellent wine. It was
taken by affault, in 1580, by Henry iv,
by means of petards, which were firll
employed here. In one of the fuburbi |
are the remains of a Roman amphithea-
tre. Cahors is 70 miles N of Touloufe,
and 287 s of Paris. Lon. i 26 e, lat.441
27 N.
Cajanehur<T, a town of Sweden, ca-i
pital of £ Bothnia, fituate on a lak(|
where the river Pytia forms a tremen.
dous cafcade. It contains but few in-
habitants, and is 350 miles nme of ^ba.|
Lon. 27 45 £, lat. 64 I.) IT.
Cajatxo, a town of Naples, in Tfrral
L J
ler. Induftry i« the
harafter of the Caf-
jguilhcd from their
by their fondnefs for
have a high opinion
ig, and of his power:
ture ftate of rewards
but think that the
jinning, and will be
have no facred cere-
;qm:utly no prieftsj
d pf coniiirors whom
. They are governed
:ing, whofe power is
, being permitted to
s as he pleafes, he ha«
lands to cultivate, and
of cattle to tend and
ofthe different hordes
that they ftiould have
ho are appointed by
3f Italy, in the duchy
foot of the Apennines,
ino.
Lifted city and feaport
alof the illand.andan
with a uHivovfity and
•e five churches, befidc
ree of which are colle-
1 on the 3 part of the
)ttom of a gulf of Its
rm3 a lar^e and fecure
If a6 t, lai. 39 ao N.
■iCy or Guurcoy a town
)f a diftria ^^f the fame
.iboHi -4 kagues along
is fituate near the lea,
ima. Lon. 76 16 w, lat.
of France, capital of
of Lot, and a hifliops
[rfity. Itisfeatedona
I by the rjver Lot, and
la craggy rock. Ttoe
Is over the river- The
)thic ftruAure, and has
eple. The town has a
[fine cloths and ratteens,
:cellent wine. It wasi
,in 1580, by Henry IV,
[tards, which were fim
I In one of the fuburbs |
|of a Roman amphithea-
ro miles N ofTouloufe,
lis. Lon. I a6E,lat.44
„ town of Sweden, ci-
knia, fituate on a lake
1 Pytia forms a tremen.
lit contains but few in- i
1 350 miles NNE of Abo.1
k. 64 I.? »• . _, I
Iwn of Naples, in Teini
C A I
dl Ijvoro, fituate on a hill, by the river
Voltumo, a 2 miles ne of Kaples.
Caicos, a cluftcr ofiflands in the W
Indies, to the N of St Dbminpo, which
take tlieir name from the principal one.
Lon. 71 30 w, lat. ai 40 n
Caifongt a city of China, capital of
the province of Ho-nan. It is fituate 6n
a plain, fix miles from the river Iloan-
ho, which is higher than the plain, and
kept in by raifed dikes that extend above
50 miles. When the city was bcfieged
by the rebels, in 164a, they cut the
dikesof the river,which drowned 300,000
of the inhabitants. Some of the ruins
ftiil remain, which fliow that its prefent
ftate is far inferior to its former magnifi*
cence. Its jnrifdiftion comprehends four
cities of the fecond clafs and thirty of
the third. It is 3 15 miles ssw of Peking.
Lon. 114 a8 e, lat. 3453 n.
Cai/a, a feaport of Syria, in Palcftine,
defended by walls and a citadel. It
Hands on the s fide of the bay of Acre,
eight miles sw of Acre.
Caiman, three finall iflands of the W
Indies, to the nw of Jamaica, between
81 and 86 w lon. The inhabitants of
Jamaica come hither to catch tortoifes.
Cairn, a village of Scotland, in Wig-
tonOiire. with an excellent harbour, on
the E lide of Loch Ryan, nine miles K
of Stranrawer.
Cairngorm, a mountain of Scotland,
between the counties of Banff and Mur-
ny. It rifes in a conical form 1750 feet
above the level of a imall lake near its
bafe, which is the fource of the Avon,
and 4050 feet above the level of the fea ;
its fides clothed with firs, and its top
generally covered with fnow. It is fa-
mous for beautiful rock-cryftais, much
cfteemed by lapidaries.
Cairo, or Grand Cairo, a large city,
capital ot Egypt. It confifts of three
towns, about a mile apart ; Old C^iro,
New Cairo, and thf port termed Bulac.
The population is eilimated at 300,000.
Old Cairo is reduced to a f'mall place,
though the harbour for boats that jome
from Upper Egypt. Some of the beys
have country hoiifes here, to which they
retire when the country is overflowed by
the Nile. New Cairo is a mile from
the river, and fcven miles in circumfe-
rence. The flreets are narrow ; ,?nd
the fined houfcs are built round a court,
in which they make the beft appearance,
having few or no windows next the
ftreet. The caftle (lands on a fteep rock,
and is furrounded by thick walls, on
which are ftrong towers. Jofeph's
Well, made by a vizier- of that name
about the year 1 100, is the vaott curious
CAT
part of the caftle : it i*' Aink. in Xht root,
j'8o feet deep and 40 in circuRifercnce,
with a ftaircafc carried round ; and a
machine, turned by oxen, raifes the
water (which comes from the Nije) into'
a refttvoiri whence it is again raifed by
a fimilar machine. There are mnaj
other refervoirs for water ; and numerous
bazars, Wherr; each trade has its allotted
quarter. Ther(> are feveral public bag-
nios, very handfome within, and ufed
as places of refrefhment and divernon»
elpecially for the women, who go there
twice a week ; but the wives of great
men have baths at home. The women
have greater liberty here than in any
part of the Turkim empire ; and on
Friday a mofque without the walls is
frequented by them as a pilgrimage of
pleafurc. The Califh, a canal which
conveys the waters of the Nile into the
city, is 20 feet broad, and has hnufes on .
eacR fide of it. As foon as the water
begins to rise, they clofe the mouth of
the canal vvith earth, and place a mark,
to fhow the time when this and all other
canals in the kingdom are to be openedi^
which is done vvith great folemnity,!
There are not lefs than 300 mofqyes in
Cairo, the lofty minarets of which pre-
fent a very picturcfque appearance. It
was a place of very great trade before
the difcovery of the Cape of Good Hope";
and is ftlll the centre of that of eaftem
Africa. The chief manufactures are
fugar, fal ammoniac, glafs lamps, falt-
petre, gunpowder, red and yellow lea-
ther, and Unen made of the fine Egyp-
tian flax. This city was taken by the
French, under Bonaparte, in 1798. It
ftands on the right bank ofthe Nile, 100
miles s of its mouth. Lon. 31 t& e., lat.
30 3 f^-
Vaironn, a town of the kingdom of
Tunis, and next to the city 6f Tunis for
trade and number of inhabitants. U is
fituate near a fandy defert, where arc
found many v "^iges of former magni->
ficence, and on the river Magrida, 60
miles s by K of Tunis. Lon- 10 a6 e,
lat. 365 N.
Cai.itor, a town in Lincolnfliire, with
a market on Monday. Near it are the
remains of a monaftery, and many Ro-
man veftiges. It is la miles sw of
Grimfby, and 156 w of London.
Caithness-shirc, tlie moft northerly
county of Scotland, 35 tpileslong and
20 broad ; bounded on the u by Pent-
land frith, E and se by the German
ocean, and w by SutherlandChi'e. The
s angle is occupied by mountains ; and
n vaft ridge of hills forms the sw bound-
ary} eadlng in a promontory called the
C AL
Ord of Cnrthnefs, which runs out into
the fea. The reft of the county ittay be
deenned an immenfe morafs, interfpcrfed
with foffje fruitful fpots, producing oats
and barley, and others affording p^fture
for (heep and black-cattle. Its other
chief produfts are butter, cheefey yarn,
jkins, feathers, and kelp. It fends a
member to parliimcnt alternately with
But,r (hire. In^lifh h chiefly fpokcn on
theicoaft, but in the hij^iilands'the Gaelic
prevails. Wick ir, (he capita!.
Cft/iY/, a town orPLrfia, ntar Mount
Caucafus. Itr, trade confifts chiiefly in
filk. Lon. 40 :.s fi, lat. 33 on.
Calabar, a town of the kingdom of
Benin, capital of a country of the fame
name. The Dutch have a fadlory here.
It is 140 miles sse of Benin. Lon. 7 15
*^lat. 3 40 N.
Calahrin, a country of Naples, divided
into the provinces of Calabria Citeriore
and Calabria Ultcriore, or Hither and
Furthtr Calabria. The firfi. is bounded
on the s by Calabria. Ulteriore, :.' by
Jafilicata, and w and t, byj|fj»e Mediter-
ntan. Cofenza is the capital. Calabria
Iteriore is waflied by tlie Mediterranean
' on the E, s, and w, and bounded by
Calabria Citeriore on the n. Catanzaio
is the capital. This country abounds
in excellent fruit, corn, wine, oil, filk,
cotton, and wool. In 1783, a great
part of Calabria Ulteriore, as well as of
Sicily, w.is deftroyed by one of the mod
terrible earthquakes vn record : befide
the deltrudion of many towns, villages,
.-lud farms, above 40,000 people pcriibed
by this calamity.
Calahorra,nn cpifcopal townof Spain,
in Old Caftile, on the fide of a hill,
which extends to the Ebro, 70 miles E
of Burgos. Lon. a 7 w, lat. 42 i; n.
Calais, a feaport of France, in the de-
partment of Pa3 de Calais, with a e.ita-
del. It was taken by Edward iii of
England, in ij.-,?, -jfter a ficge of more
tlian 1 1 months, which has given rile to
fome Ixiftorical as well as dramatic fitlion.
In 1557, it was retaken by the duke of
Guile. It was bombarded by the En-
glifli in 1696, without receiving much
injury. The fortifications are good ;
but its greateft Jliength is its fituation
among the marilies, which may be over-
sowed at the approach of an enemy.
In time of peace there are packet boats,
vhich go twice a week between Dover
and Calais. It is ai miles esk qf Dover,
and 152 N by w of Paris. Lon. i 51 E,
lat. 50 58 N.
Calainf St. a town of France, in the
department of Sarte, 24 miles ese of
Mans.
C A L
' Calamula, a town of European Tur-
key, in the Morea, on the river Spinar/.a,
36 miles wsw of Mifitra.
Cnlamianesy a clufter of iflands, the
moft wcfterly of the Philippines, and to
the N of Borneo. They are 17 in number,
and mounttfinous ; but produce great
quantities of w<ix, honey, and edible
birdnefts. The principal ifland is Pa-
ragoa.
^ Calatagirojir, a town of Sicily, in Val
di Noto, featcd on a hill, 30 milca w of
Lentini.
Calalajtid, a city of Spain, in Arn{,-on,
with a caftle on a rock. It fiaiidi at
the foot of a hill, on the river Xalon, at
the influx of the Xiloca, 37 miles sw of
Saragoffa. Lon. i 33 w, lat. 41 j8 k.
Culaiaxihia, a town of Sicily, in Val
di Noto, 50 miles nw of Lentini.
Calatravd, a town of Spain, in New
Cadile, the chief place of the military
order of the knights of Calatrava. It is
ieated near the Guadiana, 90 miles s of
Madrid. Lon. 3 jo w, lat. 39 4 a.
Calbe, a town of Lower Saxony, in
the duchy of Magdeburg, 6n the river
Saale, 16 miles s by e of Magdeburg.
Cnlben, a town of Brandenburg, in
the Old mark, with a caftle, fcven miles
sy/ofStendel. .
Calhirgiiy a town of Hindooftan, in
Golconda, formerly a vaft city, and the
refidence of the fovereigns of the Dec-
can. It is 85 miles w by n of Hydrabad,
and no E of Vifiapour. Lon. 77 lo t,
lat. 1725 N.
Ca/car, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Rocr, lately of Germany,
in the duchy of Cleve ; Ieated near the
Rhine, eight miles se of Cleve.
Calcinatoy a town of Italy, in Brcf-
ciano, where a victory was gained over
; Auftrians, by the French, in J706.
It is eight miles .se of Bvefcia.
Calcutta, a city of Hindooftan, and
the emporium of Bengal, fituate on the
E fide of the Hoogly, or weftern arm of
the Ganges, 100 miles from its mouth,
in the bay of Bengal. It rofe on tlic
fite of the village of Govindpour, about
1 700, and extends fro n the w point of
Fort ^Villiam, alonj he banks of the
river, almoft to the village of Coflipoor,
four miles and a half; the breadth, in
ma' -y parts, inconfiderable. Generally
fpeak'.ig, the defcription of one Indian
city is a defcription of all ; being all
built on one plan, with very narrow and
crooked ftieets, interfpcrfed with nu-
merous rcfervoirs, ponds, and gardens.
j\ few of tlieftreets are paved withbrick.
The houles are varioully built ; fome
with brick, otliers with raud^ and a
own of Sicily, in Val
a hill. 30 milca w of
of. Spain, in Arngon,
1 rock. It ftaiiih at
in the river Xalon, at
iloca, },1 miles sw of
33 w, lat. 41 ;8 N.
:own of Sicily, in Val
NW of Lcntiiii.
wn of Spain, in New
place of the military
ts of Calatrava. It is
adiana, 90 mllc3 s of
10 vv, lat. 39 4 s.
of Lovv^r S.ixony, in
dcburg, 6n the river
ly E of Magdcbury.
I of Brandenburg, in
th a caftle, feven roilcj
s with mud, and a
C ^}.
jrreater proportion with bamboos and
niatR : tnt;fe diflferent kinds of fabrics,
intermixed with each other, form a
motley appearance. Thofc of the latter
kinds are invariably of one ftory, and
covered with thatch ; thofc of brick
fddoin cxcee«l iwo floors, and have flat
terraced roofa ; but tlicle arc fo tliii.!y
fcattered, that fires, which often.happen,
do not, fomttinie», niett with the ob-
ftrucSion of a brick huufe through a
whole (treet. But Calcutta is, in part,
an exception to this rule of building;
for tiicre, the quarter inhr.bitcd by tlie
Engliih is coinpofed entirely of brick
buildings, many of which have the ap-
peiirance of palaces. The line of build-
ings that furround two fides of the cf-
planade of the fort is magnificent ; and
it adds greatly to thefuperb appearance,
that the hou/es are detached from each
other, and infulated in a great fpace.
The buildings arc all on a large fcale,
from the neceflity of having a free cir-
culation of air in a climate, the heat of
which is extreme. The general approach
to the houfes is by a flight of (leps with
great proje*^ing porticos, or furrounded
by colonades or arcades, which give
them the appearance of Grecian temples.
But the remainder of the city, and by
much the greatcft part, is built as be-
fore defcribed. Calcutta has been won-
derfully improved both in appearance
and in the lalubrity of the air ; for the
ftreets have been properly drained, and
the ponds filled up. It is fuppofed to
contain at leaft 500,000 inhabitants.
Tiie mixture of Europe.in and Afi^tic
manners that may be obfvrved here is
curious : coaches, phaetons, chaifcs,
with the palankeens and hackeries of the
natives, tlie paflTmg cf^remonies of the
Hindoos, and the diftertnt appearances
of tiie fakirs, form a figiit more extra-
ordinary than perhaps any other city
can prcfent. The hackery here loen-
tioned is a fmall covered carriage upon
two- wheels, drawn by bullocks, and
ufcd generally for the female part of
the family. The Ganges is navigable
>ip to the town for the largclt (hips that
vifit India. The exports are conlider-
ahle in fait, fugar, rice, opium, filks,
mullins, calicos, &c. Calcutta is the
fiat of the governor-general and council
of Bengal, who have, a control over the
prcfidencies of Madras, Bombay, and
Bencook'ki Here is Hkewilea fupremo
court rtf judicature, in which juftice is
difpeiifedj according to the laws of Eng-
hiiu, by a chief juftice and three puifne
judges. In 1756, Calcutta was taken by
ihe foubah of Bengal, who forced the
C A L .
feeble garrifon, to the atnount of 146
peifons, into a fmall prifon called the
Black Hole, out of which only 23 came
alive the next morning. It was retaken
the next year 1 the viflory of Pla.fle]r
followed j and the inhuman foubah waa
depofed, and put to death by^ his fuc<
celfor. Immediately afti* this vidtory,
the ereftlon of Fort William commen-
ced, which is luperior to any fortiefi
in India. In 1801, a noble college was
founded here, in which are profeflbrs
of Eng'ifl'' Mahometan, and Hindoo
laws, hiftory, &c. Calcutta is 1030 miles
NNE of Madras. Lon. 88 29 e, lat. a%
35 N
CaUlas, a town of Spain, in Cataloni.i.
famous for its hot baths, and fe.v
amid mountains, almoft covered .Jx
olives, 15 miles n of Barcelona.
Caldfcot, a village in MonmouthfliirCt
feated in a plain, five miles sw of Chep-
ftow, and noted for the maflive remains
of its caille.
Calda-f a river which rifes on the w
borders o(!»Yorkniirc, flows by Halif^
to Wakefield, and eight miles below
joins the Aiie. It is navigable tl^
greater part of its courfe.
Ci*ldolzlurg, a town of Franconia, in
the principality of Anfpach,withacaftle,
18 miles NE of Anfpach.
Ciileilonia, a feaport of Terra Firmat
on the N E coaft of the ifthmus of Da-
rien, founded by fume Scotch familiea
in 1699, but has long been in the hands
of the Spaniards. It is 150 miles se of
Porto Be'lo. Lon. 77 56 vv, lat. "8 30 n.
t'alcdouia. New, an Uland in the Pa-
cific ocean, difcovcred by Cook, in 1774.
It is 260 miles from nw to .se, and 70
broad- The inhabitants are ftrong, ac-
tive, and well made ; their hair is black
and much frizzled, but not wouily;
their beards are crifp and thick ; they
befmcar their faces with black pigment :
and their only covering is a wrapper,
made from the bark of a tree, or of leaves.
Their lioufesare circular like a bee-hive;
formed of fmall fpars and reeds, covered
with long coarfo grafs, and the floor laid
with dry grafs They depofit their de«.I
in the ground, and decorate the givve
of their chiefs with fpcars, darts, pad-
dles, &c. They are of a pacific difpo-
fitioii, and their women chaRer than
thofe of the more caftern illands. They
cultivate t!ic foil with fome art and in-'
duftry, but fubfilt chiefly on roots and
fifli. Plantains and fiigar-canes are not
plentiful, bread-fruit isicarcc, and cocoa-
nut trees are but thinly planted; but
yams and taras are in great abundance.
'I'he cape at tht s end, called Queen'
C A L
Chariotte Foreland, is in Ion. i6; 12 e,
lat> as i< 5.
falenhngy a principality of Lower
Saxony, which conftitutps a part of the
duchy of Brunfwick. It is divided into
two parts, and the principal towns ace
Hanover and Gotttngen. It tnkes its
nanne from an ancient caftie, now in
niins, feated on the Leine, 17 miks s of
Hanover.
Calhuco, a town on the coaft of Chili,
inhabited by Spaniards, Mcftccs, and In-
dians, 180 miles s of Valdivia. Lon. 7j
37 w, lat. 4S 40 s.
Call, a city of New Granada, in the
province of Popayan, in a va"py of the
fame name, on the river Cauca. The
f'ovcrnor of the province generally re-
ides here. It is 90 miles e of Bona-
▼entura, and aoo at of St. Fe. Lon. 77
5 w, lat. 3 15 N.
Ci'dcHt, a city of Hindooftan, capital
of the province of Malabar. It was the
firft Indian port vifited by European
fhipping; being difcovered by the Por-
tuguefe, in i4'98. Here is a manufadure
explain cotton goods ; and math, fait is
ntade by the natural evaporation of the
fea water. The principal exports are
cocoa and betel nuts, black pepper, gin-
ger, and turmeric. It is feated at the
month of a river, no miles sw of Serin-
gzpatam, and 130 sse of Manga\ore.
Lon. 75 5s E, lat. 11 12 m.
CaHjoT nitty a peninfuia of N America,
in the Pacific ocean, feparated from the
"w coaft of America by the Vermillion
fi^Zy or gulf of California ; extending Nw
from Cape St. Lucar, under the tropic
of Capricorn, to lat. 33 n. It was dif-
covered by Cortes, in 1536 ; and is faid
to have been vifited by fir Francis Drake,
in 1578. Toward the c!ofe of the i;th
century, thejefuits fonned feveral fettle-
ments here, and endeavoured to govern
the natives with ;he fame policy and au-
thority that they cxercifed in their mif-
fionsin Paraguay. They feem ftudioully
to have depreciated the climate and foil
of the country; but on their expulfion
from the Spaniih dominions, the court
of Madrid appointed don Jofcph Galvez
to vifit this peninfula. His account of
the coirtitry was favorable ; he found the
pearl fifliery on its coaft to be valuable,
and he dilcovercd mines of gold of a
very promifing appearance. Divers na-
tions or tribes inhabit the country, with-
out acknowledging any chief. Eacii fa-
ther is a prince over his own family ; but
his power ceafes when the children are
.'ibie to provide for themfelves. Each
tribe, neverthelcfs, has perfons appoint-
«d, who call aflemblics to divide the
C A L
prodiiAiouR of the earth, regulate the
fifherits, and march at their head wheil
engaged In war. Want of provifkirj
obliges them often to change theii abode ;
and in fcvere winters they retire into
caves. A girdle and piece of linen round
the body, fome ornaipents for the head;
and a chain of pearls, ferve them for
drcfs and finery. Thofe who live toward
the north, where they have no pearls,
drefa their heads with (hells. The women
commonly wear a kind of long robe,
made of leaves of palms ; thou^ii fome
wear nothing but a girdle. The foil is
in many places excellent ; and it is re-
ported that vines grow naturally \n the
mountains, and that the jefbits, whet)
they refided here, made abundance
of wine, in tafte approaching to that
of Madeira. The chief town is St. Juan.
Calitoor, a fortrcfs of the idand of
Ceylon, at the mouth of a river of the
fame name, 28 miles s of Colnmbo.
Caliv, a town of Sweden, in W Both-
nia, on a river of the fame name, near
its entrance into the gulf of Bothnia, 23
miles w of Tornea.
Callali, a town of Algiers, in th-^ ;.ro.
vince of Mafcara, which has a conftdcr-
able trade, and the greateft market for
carpets in the country. It is 40 miles B
of Oran .
Ciillandcr, a town of Scotland, in
Perthfliire, with a confiderable miiiq.
fadliire of mullin ; feated on the river
Te.nth, 30 miles wsw of Perth.
Cullanorpy a town of Hindooftan, in
the province of Lahore, 50 miles e of
Lahore.
Callao, a feaport of Peru, with the baft
harbour on the coait, and a large and
fafe roadftead defended by th* iflandi
Callao and St. Laurence. In the port
every commodity is to be procured
that veflels may be in need of. The
town was almoll totally dcftroyed by an
earthquake, in 1746. In is feated on a
river of the fame name, five miles w of
Lima, of which it is the port- Lon. 76
58 w, lat. la a s.
Calle, a town of Algiers, in the pro-
vmce of Conftantina, where the French
have a fadlory eftabliflied for a coral
fifliery, and trade for grain, wool, leather,
and wax. It ftands on a rock, almoft
furrounded by thefea,36 miles E of Bona.
Callen, a borough of Ireland, in the
county of Kilkenny, 10 miles sw of
Kilkenny.
Callianeey a town of Hindooftan, in
Dowlatabad ; the houfes built of rofc
wood, and covered with thatch. It is
feated near the Kaknah, 74 miles w of
Btder, and 150 SSE of Aurungabad.
;arth, regulate the
It th«ir head wheil
Vant of provifiori
change thcii abode;
rs they retire into
>iece of linen round
■pentsfor the head,
rls, ferve them for
5fe who live toward
ey have no pearls,
I (hells. The women
kind of Jong robe,
ilins ; thoutjli fome
girdle. The foil is
Tlent ; and it is re-
ow naturally i»i the
,t the jefoits, when
made abundance
pprcaching to that
Iff town is St. Juan,
efs of the iflaud of
ith of a river of the
3 s of Columbo.
Sweden, in W Both-
he fame name, near
! gulf of Bothnia, as
f Algiers, in th pro-
tvhich has a ccnfider-
; greateft market for
try. It is 40 miles t
iwn of Scotland, in
confiderable m^iiu*
fcated on the river
V of P»Tth.
vn of Hindooftan, in
bore, 50 miles e of
fl'eru, with the bell:
lit, and a large .md
nded by th i iflandi
urence. In the port
is to be procured
.; in need of. The
tally doftroyedby an
5. In is feated on a
ime, five miles w of
the port- Lon. 76
Algiers, in the pro-
t, where th(? French
ibliflied for a coral
• grain, wool,leather,
s on a rock, almoft
a,36 miles E of Bona,
h of Ireland, in the
y, 10 miles sw of
n of Hindooftan, in
houfos built of rofc
i with thatch. It )»
Iknah, 74 miles w of
lof Aurungatad.
C AM
CaUlnltorif a borough in Cornwall,
with a roarket on Weduefday, and a
maniifaAure of cloth; fituate on the
Lynher, la miles s of Launc^fton, and
216^' by s of London.
t'allunia, a town of Peru, celebrated
for its niver mines, 70 miles n by k of
Ark-quipa, and 170 s of Cufco.
Callo", a fortrcfs of the Netherlands,
in the territory of Waen, on the Scheldt,
^ve miles w of Antwerp.
Catmar, a ftrong feaport of Sweden,
capital of Smolanc^ and a bilhop's fee.
It is celebrated as the place where the
deputies of Sweden, Denmark, and
Norway! were appointed to allemble
for the eledion of a king, accordinir to
the Union of Calmar. On an eminence,
half a milk from the town, is the ancient
caftle, now converted into a diftillery.
The chief exports are planks, alum, and
hemp. It is feated near the Baltic, 190
miles ssw of Stockholm. Lon. 16 zz
E, lat. 56 41 N.
Calmina, an illand of the Archipelago,
near the coaft of Afia, feven miles n w
of Stanchio. Lon. a6 46 e, lat. 36 $6 n.
Calne, a borough in Wiltfliire, with a
market on Tuefday. The chief manu-
faiilure is cloth, and in the vicinity are
many fulling and com milts. It is feated
on a river of ♦^he fame name, 45 miles e
of Briftoi, and 88 w of London.
Caltura, a town on the w coaft of
Ceylon, with a fort. A great quantity
of arrack is made here, and other ma-
niifadurcs carried on. It ftands at the
mouth of a large branch of the Muliwad-
dy, 28 miles s by b of Columbo. Lou.
79 56 K, lat. 6 44 N. ^
Calvados, a department of France,
including part of the late province of
Normandy. It is fo Called from a ridge
of rocks of the fame name, near the
coaft of what was heretofore called
Normandy, extending i a miles in length.
Caen is the capital.
Ciilvi, a town of Naples, in Terra di
Lavoro, eight miles ^f of Capua.
Caliii, a town of Corfica, on a craggy
mountain and gulf of the fame name,
with a Arong fortrcfs and a good har-
bour. It was taken by the Englifti in
1794. It is 38 miles wsw of Baftia.
( \tlir, a town of Suabia, in the duchy
of Wirtemburg, with a porcelain ma-
iiufiiiiture, and a great trade in ftutfs.
It is 10 miles sw of Stutgard.
Cam, a river which riles in Hertford-
Ihire, flows by Cambridge into the ifle
of Ely, and there joins the Oufe, to which
river it is navigable from Cambridge.
Camaua, a town of Peru, capital of a
jurifdiition ; (ituate on a river of the
CAM
fame name, near the Pacific ocean, 70
miles w of Arec^uipa.
Cnmaraii, an ifland of Arabia, in the
Rod fea, where there is a fiihery for
white coral and pearl oyllers. Lon. 4s
32 E, lat. 15 6 N.
Camarel, a town of *F ranee, in the de-
partment of Finifterre. In an expedition
againlt Bred, in 1694, the Engliih landed
hrte, and loft a great number of men.
It ftands on a bay of the fame name,
eight miles s of Breft. ..
Camargue, an illand, or clufter of
illands, of France, in the mouths of
the Rhwnc, fiparated by canals, and
fortified. The whole contain 80 fquire
miles ; the land is fertile, but the air i«
unwholefome.
C'lmbaf, the fouthernmoft province
of AbyHinia, inhabited by a people called
Seb-a-adja, who are a mixture of pagans,
Chriftians, and Mahometans. It is abun-
dant in fruits.
Camt'oy, a confidt:rable city of Hin-
dooftan, in the province of Gu/erat. It
ftands on a gulf of the fame name, and
was the Camanes of Ptolemy. Here are
three bazars, and four public ciftenu,
capable of fupplying the whole town
with water in times of the greateft
drought. Its products and manuradtures
areconiiderable; for thecountry abounds
in corn, cattle, and filk ; and cornelian
and agate ftones are found in its rivers.
The inhabitants are noted for embroi-
dery. It is 50 miles s of Amedabad, of
which it is the port. Lon. 72 34 e, lat.
aa 17 N.
Camber gf a town of Germany, in the
county of Naflau, iituate on a hill, 17
miles E by 3 of Naflau.
Camlodia, or Cand<'>ja, a kingdom of
Afia, bounded on the jt by Laos, e by
Cochinchina and Ciampa, s by the China
fea, and w by Siam. It is divided by
the river Mecon, or Cambodia, which
annually overflows the country in the
rainy feafon, between June and ijftober.
Its prodndtions are much the fame with
thofe ufually fqund between the tropics;
and that peculiar f ibftance ftyled gam-
boge, or rather Camboja gum, yielding
a tine yellow tint. Though a country
rich by nature, the inhabitants arc few ;
and their religion is idolatry. The men
are in general well made, with lon^
hair, and of a yellow complexion ; their
drefs is a long and large robe : the drefs
of the women is fhorter and clofer ;
they are handfome, but immodeft. They
manufacture very fine ciotli, and their
needlework is much elteemed.
Cambodia, or Lcvek, the capital of the
kingdom of Cambodia^ feated on the
CAM
rivrr Mecon» or CamboUiA, 330 mllca
from itn mouth. Luii. 104 jo n, lut.
13 o M.
Caml/ai/f a fortifiid city of France,
eapitiil of the dcpartnunt of Nurd. It
was lately a» archiepifcopai fte, hut iy
now only a biniopric. It has a citatlel
and fort. The cbif f manuf<t(5ture8 are
caiiibrict lacf , fonp, and leather. It is
featcd on the Scheldt, los miU i nnc of
Paris- Lon. 3 14 e, lat- jo 11 n.
Cambrcsht a late province of France,
sj miles in Irngth i ooundcd on the n
and h. by Hainault, s by Picardy, and w
by Artois. It is now included in the
department of Nord.
C'umbridf^c, the capital of Cambridgc-
Ihire, and feat of a celebrated univerHty.
It is a borough, governed by a mayc,
who, on entirring upon his office, takes
an oath to maintain the privileges of the
univerfUy. The townhall and Ihiro-
houfe are the only buildings of note
that «lo not belo^'g to the univciTity.
The county gaol is the gatehoufc of an
ancient caflle, built by William the con-
queror. It hab a market on Wednei'ilay
and Saturday ; and in the market-place,
which coniifts of two fpacious oblong
fqwarcs, united together, is Hobfon
conduit, which is conftantly running.
Jlereare 14 parilh chuichos, three dif-
i'tfutingmeeling-houfes, and a fynngoguf.
The number of inhabitants in iRoi was
10,087. The trade confiftschiffly in oil,
iron, and corn. The univcrfity is fup-
pofcd to have been founded during the
htptnrchy. It contains 12 colleges,
and four halls, which have equal pri-
vileges with the colleges. The col-
Ifges are, Petcrhoufe, Corpus Chiifti,
OK Bcnct, Gonville and Cains, Kings,
Oueens, Jefus, Chrift, St. John, Mag-
«JaU'n, Trinity, Emaniid, and Sidmy-
Siifltx. The halls are Clare, Pembroke,
Trinity, and Catherine. Of ihi colleges,
Petorhoufe is the v^o(i ancii ^t., bi-ing
founded in 1257. Kings college is the
nobleft founilition in Europe, and the
chapel one of the fined pieces of Gothic
nrchiteilure in tl^e world. The Ubrary.
chapel, SiC. of Trinity college juftly
phce it in the firft rank. The other
llrutJtures belonging to the univerlity
are the fenate-houle, which, with St.
Mary's church, tlic fchools, the univer-
fity library, and other buildings, form a
noblr fquaro. Mere is alio a botanical
garden, ar.d a general hofpital, called
, A.ddenb:ooUp, from the r.ame of the
founder. In a field two miles ne of
the town, and nrder the jiivifditftion of
t};e iinivernty, b held one of the grcr.t-
vll a;jnii<i] t'aus ii; Eiircpe, called S;our-
C A M
bridge or Sturbich Fair: it commencei
on tne 7tl> ot September, continues a
foiMiight, and is vifurd by mtrel.antj,
traders &c fium diftant pittE of the
kingdom. Ciimbiidge isfeatedon the
rivcrCam, i/uule: s of Ely, and 51 n
by E of London. Lon. 041^, htt 5)
CatiilT:rl).r, a town of MafTachufetii,
in Middlefex county, wi'h a handfome
court-hoiife, and a fminary, called
Harwjrd UniNcrfay. The town is con-
nefled by ai. elegant bridge with Bof.
ton, fr(»m which it is four miles w.
Cii>ntrirlf>(', a fortified town of S Ca.
rolina, capital of thediftri(5l (»f Ninety.
fix. Near this place the Britilh troopi
were defeated by the Americans in 1781.
It is 60 miles w by n of Colnmbi.i, and
160 NW of Charletlon. Lon. 81 50 w,
lat. 33 to N.
• (Jamlndge, a town of Maryland,
chief of Dorcheftcr county, fituate on
the Choptank, 13 miles from its month
in Chefapeak bay, and 65 a of Elktou.
Lon. 76 20 w, lat. 38 48 n.
C'lDiilridgcsliiri', a county of England,
50 miles long and 25 broad ; bounded
on the Nw by Lincoliiftiire, ne by Nor-
folk, K by Suffolk, 8 by Eflex and Hert-
fordfliire, and w by the counties of Hun-
tingdon, Bedford, and Northampton.
It contains 500,000 acres; is divided
into 13 hundreds, and 64parinies; lus
a eity, a univerfity, and eight market-
towns ; and fends fix members to par-
liament. The number of inhabitants
in 1801 was 89,346. The principal ri.
vers are the Oufe, Ncn, and Cam. The
fouthern and eaflern parts are pleafant
and healthy ; but the northern part,
calletl the ille of Ely, is low and fenny,
from the confluence of many rivers. All
the waters of the middle part of Eng-
land, which do not flow into the
Thaniea. or the Trent, run into thcfe
fens; and in the latter part of the year,
they arefometimes overflowed by wati r,
or appear covered with fogs. See Bed-
iurd Lirrl.
Cawirilla, a town of Spain, in Cata-
lonia, furrounded by a wall, and fcatcd
near the fea, 14 mih-s w by s of Tarra^
gona.
Cunulni, A diRridt of S Carolina, com-
prehending the counties of Fairfield,
Richland, Clarendon, Claremont, Kcr-
fhaw, Salem, and Lancafter. It pro-
duces corn, tobacco, and cotton-
Camden, a town of S Carolina, in
Kerfliau' county, capital of Camdeo
diflrid. It was the fccne of two battlcf
in the Amenc.m war ; one in 17^0, be-
tween loid CoJJiwallis r.nj genei
al
L M
Fair: it commencw
.embiT, continues a
filfd by intri lantgp
diftaiil piitfc of the
dge is ff ated on the
s of Ely, and 51 s
Lon. 4 I'* l«t 51
vii of Maffachufeti,
y, w'li a haiidfome
a Pminaiy, called
f. The town is cou-
nt bridge with Bof.
16 four milea w.
rlified town of S Ca-
he dinria <'f Ninety.
:e the Britifti troops
ic Americans in 1781.
N of Coliimbi.i, and
on. Lon. Bi 50 w,
town of Maryland,
r county, fituate on
milts from its mouth
and 65 s of Elkton.
3848 N.
a county of England,
an broad ; bounded
oliilhlre, ne by Nor-
8 by Eflcx and HerU
r the counties of Hua-
and Northampton.
30 acres; is divided
laud 64pariflie»j has
, and eight market-
fix members to par-
mbcr of inhabitant!
5. The principal ri-
Nen.andCam. The
rn parts are plcafant
the northern part,
y, is low and fenny,
e of many rivers. All
middle part of Eng-
not flow into the
rent, run into thcfe
.tcr part of the year,
overflowed by water,
with fogs. See Bai-
rn of Spain, in Cata-
hy a wall, and featcd
es w by s of Tarra-
;> of S Carolina, com-
junties of Fairfield,
an, Claremont, Ker-
Lanvafter. It pro-
0, and cotton-
u of 5 Carolina, in
capital of Camden
; fccne of twobaitltf
ar; one in 17^0, ht-
wallis end general
CAM
Gates, nnd the other in 1781. between
lord R.iwdon and general Greene. !t
Hands on the river Watercc, or Cataw-
ba, by means of which the inhabitants
carry on a trade with the back country.
It is J5 miles ne of Columbia. Lon.
jjo 54 w, lat. 34 i» N.
Cnmden, a town of the diftrirt of
Maine, in Lincoln county, em the w fide
of Pcnobfcot bay, 36 miles eV« of Wif-
calTl't. Lon. 69 aow, lat. 44 10 N,
Camel, a river in Cornwall, whicl
rifes two miles n of Camclford, Pows s
ainioft to Bodmin, and then nw to Pad-
flow, where it enters the Briftol channel.
its banks were the fccne of fomc bloody
battles between the Britons and Saxons.
Citnieijf'onl, a borough in Cornwall,
governed by a mayor, with a market on
Friday. A great quantity of yarn is
fpiiii in this plact; and its neighbourhood.
It h fc.itcd on the Camel, 14 miles w of
I,auncellon, and 3*8 w by s of Lon-
don.
Camvfhio, a town of Italy, in tl;e
maniuil'ite of Ancona, and an areh-
bifliop's fee. It i;i featcd on a moiin-
tnin, near the river Chiento, 37 miles
8w of Ancona. Lon. 13 o e, ht. 43
Ij; N.
C(ii:iJn, a fcaport of Further PiMnera-
nia, and once a bilhop's fee, which was
ficii!ari/ed al tlie peace of VVeftphalia ;
hut it Hill has a fine cathedral and a
hapten Itn navigation and commerce
are very cxtenlive, and it has a great
trade in beer. It Hands on the Diwenow,
or E mouth of thi- Oder, oppofite the
ille of VVollin, 23 miles N,of Stettin.
Lon. 1452 K,lat. 53 54 jr.
Camuiha, .1 town of Poitug.il, in En-
tre Doucro c Minho, with a fort ; feat-
cd at the n.outh of the Minho, is miles
N of Viana.
C'uiipntTun, or C:in:j)ama, a town of
Naplfs, in Principato Citeriore, 40 miles
!>E of N.aples.
Caiiipai^na di Rinna, anciently La-
tiiim, a province of Italy, in the Eccle-
iiaftical State, extending 60 miles se
along the Mediterranean, to the fron-
tiers of Naples. Formerly the bell
peopled ai d befl cultivated fpot in the
world, fcw villages, little cultivation*
mid fcarccly any inhabitants are now to
be i'i:m ; nothing, in fliort, but the fcat-
!'.!i:d ruia;; vf temples and tombs, which
p:clcr.t the Id'ja oi a country depopulat-
fi by piililonc;;. Rome is the capital.
Ca.'.f'f/i'p-;, J borough and fcaport
cf Scotlind, in Argylefhire, lituate on a
b:y, tov.nrd th;' s extremity of the pe-
r.uit'i!!.', of Cantvie. It hasa confideiable
':ul: ■;:. •.': j d a.l!ation of whilky, Iclidf;
CAN
being the general rendervous of the fffli*
ing vefTelsthat annually vifit the w caaft.
In I Ro I the number of inhabitants wai
7093. It is 6j; mites sav/ of Inverary.
Lon. 5 3» w, lat, 53 s8 n.
C'icmpdcn, a corporate town in Olou-
cefterfhirc, with a market on Wednef-
tlay, similes nr of Gloucefter, and 9*
WNw of London.
. (Mmpcachi/, a town of Mexico, in the
peninfula of jucatan, on the w coaft of
the bay of Campeachy, defended by
ftrontij rorts. The port is large but Ihal-
low, and has a good dock. It is noted
for logwood, which, Nowever, does not
grow very near it. ft was taken by
the r.nglilh in irt.^g, bythe buccaneers
in I^;8, and by the freebooters of St.
Domingo in tblis, who burnt it, and
blew lip the citadel. Lon. 91 30 w, lat.
Ciunpt-n, .1 town of Holland, in Over-
ylll 1, with a citadel, and a port almoft
choked up. It is feated near the mouth
of the Yflel, on the Zuider Zee, eight
miles WNW of Zwoll.
(jump!) liassof a town of Naples, ia
the Molife. In i8c it fuffcred greatly
by an earthquake, and mod of the in^
habitants were deltroyed. It has a
conliderable trade in articles of cutlerf)
and is it miles a of Molife.
Campo Formiof a town of Italy, i*
Friuli, where a treaty of p^ace wat
concluded between tlic Aullrians and
French in 1797. It ia two miles sw of
Udina.
(Jaiiipo Mayor, a fortified town of
Portugal, in Alentejo, 14 miles n by E
of Elvas.
Campo St. Pirfro, a town and caftl"
of Italy, in the Paduano, on the river
Menfon, u miles n of Padua.
Campoli, a town of Naples, iii
Abriizzo Ultcriorc, jj miles n by E of
Aquila.
Ccniiprrdon, a town of Spain, in Cata-
lonia, at the foot of the Pyrenees, and
on the river Tcr, 45 miles a of Barce-
lona. Lon. 2 16 w, lat. 44 o x.
(Jampsic, a village of Scotland, on the
s confines of Stirlingfiiire, nine miles u
of Glafgow. It has fome oxtcnfive
print-fields, and other manufaftures.
Canaan, a town of Connefticut, in
Lichfield county, fituate on the Houfa-
tonic, 30 miles nw of Hartford.
Canaan, a town of tlie diftrid of
Maine, in Lincoln county, fituate on
the Keniiebeck, 60 mijes n of Wifcaf-
fet.
Canada, a large country of N Ame-
rfcn, bounded on the k by New Britain,
t i|y the gulf of St. Lawrence, s by
., ,, C A N^,,.,,. . ..^
Ncw.Bninfwtck and the united Statei,
^ad w by unknown lands. It was dif-
coyered by John arid Sebaftian Cabot,
father anid Ton, in 1497; and, was fettled
by the French in i6o8- The fummer
here is very hot, and winter continues
for fix months very fevere; but the
fudden tranfittons from bpat to cold, Co
common in the United States, are not
known in Canada, and the feafons are
more regular. The uncultivated parts
are a continued wood, in which are
many kinds of trees unknown in Eu-
rope ; but the land that is cleared is
fertile, and the progrefs of vegetation fb
rapid, that wheat fowed in May 'A
reaped in Auguft> Of ail the animals,
the beaver is the moft ufeful and cu-
rious. Canada turpentine is greatly
cfteemed for its balfamtc qualities. This
country abounds with coal, ar-:! near
Quebec is a fine lead mine. Tne dif-
, Krent tribes of Indians, or onginal
' natives, in Canada, are almolt innutner-
aMe ; but they have been obferved to
decreafe in population where the Eu-
ropeans are moft numerous, owing
chiefly to their immoderate ufe of fpitit-
9U8 liquorf. Canada was conquered
by the EngliOi in ^759, and confirmed
to them by the French at the peace af
^763. In »79i,thi8Country wasdivided
into two provinces. Upper and Lower
Canada, of which York and Quebec are
the chief towns.
Cnnajahari/, a town of New York,
in Montgomery county. Its vicinity
abounds with apple-trees, from which
is made cider of an excellent quality.
It ftands on a creek of the fame name,
on Mohawk river, 25 nriles ne of
Cooperftown, 3nd 56 v\'nw of Albany.
Canal, Duke 0/ JiriJgewater's, in
England, the firft grand work of the
kind in the kingdom, begun in 1758.
It commences at Worlley, feven miles
from Manchefter, where, at the foot of
a mountain compofed of coal, a bafin is
cut, containing a great body of water,
which ferves as i refervoir to the navi-
gation. The canal runs under a hill
from this bafin, near three quarters of a
mile, to the coal works- At Barton
bridge, three miles from the bafin, is .'.n
aquedud, which, for upward of aoo
yards, coiivtys the canal acrufs the na-
Tigable river Irwell. There are three
arches over this river j the middle one
fo wide and lofty that the largeft barges
can pafs through with mafts and fails
Handing. At Longford bridge, the ca-
nal turns to the right, and crofling the
Mcrfey, pafles near Attringham, Dan-
ham, Crapenhall, and KauUonj iato
,. • ...CAN . ,
t|Je tide way pf the Mcrfey, at Runcom
Gap, where barges can come into the
canal from Liverpool at low water,
This navigation is more than 29 miles in
length.
Canal, Grand, or Imperial^ in ChihaJ
a fiupendous.work, which extends from
N to s upward of 400 miles, from the
river Eu-bo, a little n of Tongtchang,
in Chang-tohg, to Hanch-t(phou, m
Tche-kiang. In this courfe it cuts at
right angles feveral rivers froni the w,
the fmaller ft|ream8 of which termi.
nating in it atford a conftant fupply of
water ; and the three great rivers, the
Eu-ho to the north, the Hohan-ho about
the middle, and the Kian-ku toward
tt7e fouth, interfedjng the canal, carry
the fuperfluuus water to the fea. Many
difficulties muft have arifen in accom.
modating the general level of the canal
to the feveral levels of the feeding
itreams ; for it has been found necelFary
in many places, to cut to the depth of
60 or 70 feet below the furface; and in
others, to raife mounds of earth upon
lakes, fwamps, and marfhy grounds,
of fuch a length and magnitudo, that
nothing fliort of the abfolute command
over multitudes could have accom'
pliflied an undertaking, whofe immen.
nty is only exceeded by the great wail.
Tiiefe gigantic embankments are car*
ried through lakes of feveral miles in
diameter, between which^the water it
kept to a height confiderably above
that of the lake ; and in fuch fituations
tliis enormous aqueduA fometimes
glides along at the rate of three milts
an hour. Few parts of it are level : in
fome places it has little or no current;
in others it fets to the n and s alter-
nately at the rate "^f one, two, or three
miies an hour. This balancing of the
level is effeftcd by flood.gates thrown
acrofs at certain diftances to elevate or
deprefs the height of the water a few
inches, as appears neceflary, and by
fliiices on the fides of the embank-
ments, through which the fupcrnuout
water is let out into the lakes and
fwamps. The flood-gates are fimpiy
planks Aiding in grooves that are cut
into LAC fides of two flone piers, which
in tbele places contra(5t the canal to the
width of about ^^o feet ; and at each is »
guard-houfe, with foldiers to draw up
and let down the planks as occafion re-
quires. From the Hohan-ho to the
Kian-ku the country abounds in lakes
and marfliy ground, and the canal i»
carried in fome parts ao feet above the
level of the country, aoo feet in width.
There it not a lock, nor, except the
CAN CAN
flood gates, a fingle interruption to the places it pafies through mofly ground.
whole navigation
Canal, Grand Junction, in England,
a work that joins feveral other canals in
the centre of the country, which thence
form a communication between the
rivers Thames, Severn, Merfey, and
Trent, and, confequently, an inland
navigation to the four principal fea-
ports, London, Briftol, Liverpool,
and Hull. This canal commences ut
Braunfton, on the w borders of North-
amptonfliire, pafles by Daventry to
Stony Stratford in Buckinghamfliire,
thence on the confines of Bedfordfliirc,
w of Leighton Buzzard, to Tring, Berk-
hamfted, and Rickmanfworth, in Hert-
jfordihire, and through Middlefex by
I Uxbridge to Brentford, where it enters
the Thames, la miles by that river
above Loudon. Its length is upward of
90 miles-
Caviil, Grand Tninlc, in England, a
[work 'hat forms a communication be-
jtween .lie rivers Merfey and Trent,
land, in couife, betv/een the Irilh fea
land the German ccean. Its Icngih is
I9: HiiK'S, from the duke of Bridge-
Jivatcr's canal at Prefton on the Hill, in
(Chelhire, to Wildon-ferry, in Derby-
shire, where it communicates with the
Trent. The canal is carried over the
^iverDove, in an atjuedudt of 23 arches,
tind over the Trent by an aquediit't of
fix arches. At Prefton on tlie WW, it
jjifles under ground 1241 yarda . at
Barton and in \\.c neighbourliood it has
|wo fubterraneous paflages ; and at
^arecaltle-hlH, in Statiordihire, it is
lonveyod under ground 2880 yards,
From the neighbourhood of Staiford, a
branch is made from this canal, to run
bar Wolverhampton, and to join the
|evcrn near Bewdiey: from this again
ither branches crofs Warwickihire to
Iraunfton, where commences the Grand
kinibon canal to the Thames at Brtnt-
brd.
Canaly Great, in Scotland, a work
|iat forms a junction between the
orth and Clyde. Its length is 2,5
liles, fi'om the influx of the Cnrron, at
[rangemouth, to the junction with the
lyde, fix miles above Dumbivton. In
le courfe of this navigation, the vef-
pare raifed to the height of 155 feet
ove the level of the fca, and pa fling
licrward upon the fummit of the
luntry, for 18 miles, they then de-
tnd into the river Clyde, and thence
|ve free accefs to the Atlantic ocean.
U8 canal is carried over 36 rivers and
|ulet«, and two great roads, by .38
|ueduA« of hewa ftoue. In i'ome
and in others through folid rock. The
road from Edinburg to Glafgow paflleB
imder it near Falkirk, and over it, by-
means of a dravirbridge, fix miles from
Glafgow. In the courfe of this inland
navigation are many ftriking fcenes;
particularly the romantic fituation of
the ftupendous aqueduft over the Kel-
vin, near Glafgow, 420 feet in length,
carrying a great artificial river over a
natural one, where large vtflels fail at
the height of 65 feet above the bed of
the river below- The utility of this
communication between the German
and Atlantic oceans, to the commerce
of Great Britain and Ireland, in their
trade to Norway, Sweden, and the
Baltic, mull be ftrikingly evident; as it
ihoitens the nautical diflance in fome
inftanccs 800, and in others 1000 miles.
Viiiial lioi/al, or Canal of f.-anvjK doc,
in France, a work that effects aii inland
communication betu-cen the Mediter-
ranean and Atlantic. From the port of
Cette, in the Mediterrrtiiean, it crolFes
the lake of Thau ; and, below 'i'uuloufv,
is conveyed by thict.' iluices into the
Garor.nc At St. Fern-ol, near R<;vel,
between two rocky hills, is a grand
bafin, above 1000 feet in diameter, into
which the rivulet Laudot is received;
and nence three Urge cocks of c;ift hrafs
open and difcharge the water, which
then goes under the name ui the river
Laudot, and conlinuis its courfe to
the canal called Rigole de la Plaine.
Thence it is conveyed to aiioth>T refer-
voir near Nauroiile, uu; of which it is
conveyed by fluice;;, both to the Medi-
terranean and Atlantic, as the canal re-
quires it; tliis being the highcfl: point
between the two feas. Near Bezicra
are eight fluiccs, which form a regular
and grand cafcade', 03 '1 feet long and 66
feet high, by which v< iTels crofs the
river Orb, and coiuinue their voyage ou
the canal. Above it, btl.ween Bcziera
and Capuflan, is tl;e Mai-Pas where the
canal is conveyea, for the length of 720
feet, under a niouni-.in At Adge is a
ruund fluice, with tliree openings, three
(lifibent depths of the w iftv meeting
here; and the gatis a:c fo coii'.iived,
tha;. vefTels may paf, th.ougii by o».'n-
ipif which lluice tlu- nialter pleafes. The
canal h.»s 37 aqueducts, and its length
fro.n T'ouloufe to Beziers, where it
joins the river Orb, i« 152 miles.
Cai.aiulacjua, a town of New York,
chief of Ontario county, fituate on the
N end of a lalu? of the fame name, at
its outlet into Conaudaqua creek, which
runs £ into Seneca river. The lake is
I
CAN
ao mUcs long and three broad. The
town ftands on a pleafant flopc from
the lake, 90 miles esk of Niagara, and
130 w by N of Coopcrftown.
Cananore, a town of Hindooftan, in
Malabar, defe^ided by a fortrcfs, with
other works after the European fafliion,
and the head quarters of the province.
Here are feveral very good lioufes, and
the trade is flouvilhing. Jt is foated on
a fmall bay, one of the beft on the coaft,
56 miles NNW cf Calicut. Lon. 75 30
E, lat. 1 1 53 N.
Canara, a province on the w coaft of
-Hindooftan, lately fubjcft to the regent
of Myfore, on whole defeat and death,
in 1799, it came into the hands of the
Britifti. It is 180 miles in length, be-
tween the Concan and Malabar, and
from 30 to 80 in breadth. The foil is
fertile; and it produces abundance of
rice, betel-nuts, and wild nutmegs.
The principal port is Mangalore.
Co 11(11 id, or Grand C-^nari/y the prin-
cipal of the Canary iflands, 40 miles
long and 30 broad. The water is plen-
tiful and good, and it has abundance of
trees, herbs, and delicious fr: .cs. Here
are two wheat harvefts, m February
and May ; and the corn makes bread
as white as fnow. The chief town is
Canary.
Canaries, or Canary Islands, an-
ciently called the Tcitunate Iflands,
are thirteen in number, lying in the N
Atlantic ocean, near the continent of
Africa. Seven of them are confiderable,
namely, Pahna, Ferro, Goniera, Te-
nerifF, Canaria, Forteventura, and Lan-
cerota ; the other fix are very fmall,
Graciofo, Kocca, Allegranza, St. Clare,
Inferno, and Lobos. They belong to
the Spaniards, and produce corn, fugar-
canes, and excellent wine.
Canary, or Palmasy the capital of
the illand of Canaria, and a bifhop's fee,
with a caftlc on a hill. It is the relid(?nce
of the governor and fovereign council
of the Canaries, and a tribunal of the
inquifition. A great quantity of fugar
is made here ; and the wine called Sack
has hence been often termed Canary.
It is three miles in circumference Lon.
15 4a w, lat. a8 4 N.
CdHcalf, a town of France, in the de-
partment of lUe and Vilaine, fe.ited on a
bay of its name, and celebrated for
oyfters. The Englilh landed hero in
175,8, and proceeded by land to burn
the Ihips at St. Malo. It is nine miles
E of St. Malo, and 40 nnw of Rcnnes.
Cundahar, a country of Alia, between
the rivr Indus and Perfia, bounded on
■he V by Cabul, e by Lahore, se by
CAN
Moultan, and w by Perfia. The do.
minions of the fultan of this country
extend weftward to the neighbourhood
of the city of TerfliHh ; including Cabul,
Peifliiire, Ghia"i, Gaui, Segeftan, and
Chorafan ; a tta{\ not, lefs than 650
miles in length, its breadth unknown-
and, on the e fide of the Indus, he pof-
fefPes the territory of Cafhmere, and
fome diftriifts n of the city of Attock.
Thefe countries are all called by the
general name of the Country of tjjf
Abdalli. Ahmed Abdalla, the founder
or this kingdom, wis originally the
chief of an Afghan tribe, named Abdal
(whence the name Abdalli) who waj
ftript of his country by Nadir Shah, in |
1739. On the death of Nadir, he fud.
denly appeared among his former fiib.|
jedts, and ereded a confiderable king.
dom in the eaftern part of Perfia, add-
ing to it mod of the provinces to the w I
of the Indus, which had been c -J. -^ by I
the great mogul to Nadir Shah. t0i.?thi:r|
with Cafhmere on the E of UiJt rircrj
Sec Jif^lianistan.
Candahar, a city and the capital of I
the country of the fame name. It it I
furrounded by walls and ditches, andl
has a confiderable trade. While the I
Perfian and Mogul empires were each I
entire, it was the frontier fortrefs to-l
ward Perfia. It is feated on therivcrl
Harmend, which divides it in two!
parts, 145 nriles ssw of Cabul. LonT
67 15 E, lat. .3,5 ON.
Candrish, a province of the DpccmI
of Hindooftan, fubjetit to the Poonail
Mahrattas ; bounded on the n m
Malvva, e by Berar, s by Dowlatabadi
and w by Baglana. The foil is fertilfl
though mountainous, and producnl
abundance of cotton. Burhanpour s\
the capital.
Caudcs, a town of France, in the dfrl
partment of Indrc and Loire, at thl
confluence of the Vienne with tkl
Loire, ^o miles wsw of Tours
Caiidiaf ah ifland in tlie Meditem|
nean, formerly Crete, lying to the so
the Archipelago. It is 180 miles I
and 50 broad, and pervaded by achaiij
of mountains. The foil is fertile; aiH!|
it abounds in fine cattle, tfheep, fwiw
poultry, and game. I'he chief produiSi
are corn, wine, oil, wool, filk, and honti!
It was taken by the Turks, in i6<<|
after a war of 25 years. It was ;
tempted to be retaken by the Venetiam
ill 1692, without effeft. Mount Idai
famous in hiftory, is in the middle (I
this idand.
Candia,{he capital of the iflatKll
the fame Qame> and the fue oi a 0"'
AN
by Perfia. The «?.
jltan of this country
to the neighbourhood
liilh ; including Cabul,
Gaui, Segeftan, and
5t not, lefa than 650
its breadth unknown;
; of the Indus, he pof-
iry of Cafhmere, and
of the city of Attock.
are all called by the
f the Country of tl»t
] Abdalla, the founder
n, WIS originally tlie
lan tribe, named Abdal
me Abdalli) who waj
itry by Nadir Shah, in
leath of Nadir, he fud-
among his former fiib.
f;d a confulerable king.
i:rn part of Pi^rlia, add.
• the provinces to the w I
hich had been c-:.:* bj
to Nadir Shah. toi,nhet
on the E of t.i«t river.
1. I
city and the capital oil
the fame name. Itiil
walls and ditches, and I
able trade. While thtl
[ogul empires were each I
the frontier fortrefs to-j
It is feated on theriml
ich divides it in two|
es ssw of Cabul. Lo
I ON. ,
province of the Dpcc?.ii|
, fubjeiit to the Poonalil
ounded on the n b;l
Berar, s by Dowlatabadl
ana. The foil is fcrtikl
itainous, and produwl
cotton. Burhanpouriil
iwn of Franco, in the m
Vidrc and Loire, at tktl
f the Vienne with tktl
[swsw of Tours |
ifland in the McditemJ
Crete, lying to the soil
Igo. It is 180 miles ioril
land pervaded byactol
The foil is fertile; aiii|
fine cattle, tfheep, f«
lame. The chief produft
, oil, wool, ftlk, and hoiwij
by the Turks, in i6(<
pf 2? years. It was."
[retaken by the Venetis
^uteffedl. Mount Ida,*
^ory, is in the middle «
I capital of the iflandj
kandthcfccof aOtrt
CAN
an:hbi fliop . Though popu lou s former-
ly, little of it remains befide the walls
and the market-place ; and the harbour
is now fit for nothing but boats. It is
featcd on the n fide of the ifland, 500
miles ssw of Condantinople. Lon. 25
18 E, Int. 35 10 N.
Candlemas hies, two iflands in the
Southern ocean, near Sandwich Land.
Lon. 47 13 w, lat. 57 10 s.
Candy, a kingdom of Ceylon, con-
taining about a fourth of the illand. It
occupies the middle part of the ifland,
and nowhere extends to the feacoaft,
except aboiit ten miles on the eaftern
ftiore. The country is mountainous;
very woody on the frontiers, and dif-
ficult of accefs. The central part con-
fifts of mountains cultivated to their
fummits, interfperfed with villages, ri-
vulets, and cattle; well trodden foot-
paths in all d.ire<5tions ; fruitful vallies,
with groves of areka, jacca, cocoa-nut,
limes, oranges, &c. with .fine villages,
and fields of paddy and other grain,
well watered by the ftreams pouring
down from the mountains. In many
parts of the interior, volcanos have
burft forth 3t different times; and the
hills feem to poflcfs the principle of
thofe eruptions. Iron and other ores
are to be met with ; but the Candians,
for years pad, have paid no attention to
diicovering or working any of the veins.
The air is fubie(£t to heavy fogs and
dews at night, fucceeded by exceflively
hot and fultry weather by day ; rain
and thunder are aifo fiequent and vio-
lent. The inhabitants ufe fire-arms, and
bows and arrows for weapons of of-
fence. The king is abfolute; and he is
clothed in all the (late and fplendour of
other Afiatic princes; but with the pe-
culiar diftindion of a crown, which he
flatters himfelf no other monarch is en-
titled to wear. See Cei/ 1(1)1.
Candy, the capital of a kingdom of
the fame name, in the ifland of Ceylon.
It was often burnt by the Portuguefe,
when they were mafters of thcfe coafta.
It is more regularly built than nioft In-
dian towns. The principal Areet is
about two miles long, and very broad ;
and though the houfcs in general have
but one ftory, they appear to have two,
from the number of fteps running up
fidewife and clofe to the wall of the
houfc, fo that the door is at leaft the
height of a ftory from the Itreet This
manner of building is to avoid the mif-
chiefs which the elephant-fights, cele-
brated in this great ftrcet for his ma-
jefty's amufement, would otherwife do
to the houfe*. Many leflcr ilieetu branch
CAN
out on both fides the main ftreet, but
of no great length The king's palace
terminates the upper end of the great
ftrect; it is a fquare of immenfe extent^
built of a kind of cement, perfeftly
white, with ftone gateways. Candy
was entered by the Britifli troops Feb.
30, 1 80.1, the king and principal inha-
bitants having previoufly fled ; but from
the perfidy of the Candians, and the
unhealthinefs of the climate to Euro-
peans, they capitulated to evacuate it
on June 33, and on the third day after
were all maffacred. The town is featcd
near the centre of the ifland, on the top
of a fteep hill, 90 miles e by n of Co-
lumbo. Lon. 80 52 e, lat. 7 15 n.
Canea, a ftrong town of the ifland of
Candia, with a good harbour. The
environs are adorned with olive trees,
vineyards, gardens, and brooks, border-
ed with myrtle and laurel rofes. It
was taken by the Turks, to 1645, after
a defence of two months, in which
the viiftors loft 25,000 men. It is feat-
ed on the n coaft of the ifland, 63 miles
w by N of Candia. Lon. 24 7 e, lat. 35
27 N.
Canete. See Cagnete.
CanelOf a town of Italy, in the Man-
tuan, feveral times taken and retaken
by the French and Auftrians. It is
feated on the Oglio, 20 miles vv of Man«
tua.
CuiigOy a town of the kingdom of
Congo, on the river Zaire, 280 miles
NE of St. Salvador. Lon. 1 7 10 e, lat a
10 s.
Ontgiano^ a town of Naples, h Prin-
cipato Citeriorc, 40 miles e by s of Sa-
lerno.
Cenguxima, a ftrong feaport of Japan,
on the moft foutheni verge of the ifle of
Ximo, with a commodious harboHr.
At the entrance of the haven is a light-
houfe, on a lofty rock ; and at the foot
of the rock is a convenient road for
fhipping. Here are large and fumptu-
ous magazinQg, belonging to the em-
peror, fome of which are proof againlt
fire. Lon. 131 15 e, hit. 3a lo n.
Caniadcia<io, a narrow lake of New
York, in Otlego county, fix miles w of
Lake Otfego, and nine miles long. A
(trean- called Oaks Creek ifliies fron\
it, and flows into the Sufquehanna, five
miles below Otiego. The beft cheefe
in the ftale is made on this creek.
C'onitia, a town of European Turkey,
in Albania, near the entrance of the
gulf of Venice, eight miles n of Valona.
C'anischa, a ftrong town of Lower
Hungary. It was taken, in 1600, by
the Turks, who held it till 1690, when
1 »
C A N
it was taken by the Auftrians, after a
blockade of two years, and ceded to
the emperor by the peace of Carlowitz.
It is 85 miles ssw of Raab. Lon. 17 10
S, lat. 4630 N.
Canna, one of the Hebrides of Scot-
land, sw of the iOe of Skye. It is four
luiles long and one broad; the high
parts producing excellent pafture for
cattle, and the low is tolerably fertile.
Here arc many bafaltjc columns. On
the SE fide of Canna is Sand ifland, fe*
parated by a narrow channel ; and be-
tween them is a well firqucntcd har-
bour. Loti. 6 38 w, lat. 57 I j N.
Cnno. Sec (ihana.
Cunohia, a t(- vn of Italy, in the Mi-
Janeff, on t!ie lake Maggioi'c, 35 miles
NNW of Milan.
Canogr, a town of Hlndonftan, in the
province of Agra. It is fnid to have
been the capital of all Ilintiooftan,
under the predectffi)r of Poms, wlio
fought againlt Alexander; and that in
the 6th century it contaiofl .^0,000
fliops, in wliicii betel n:it was fold. It
is now rcduccii to tho fue of a middling
town, and ftati'd on the Calini, nr.ir its
conflux with the Ganges, no milos e
by s cf Agr.!. Lon. 80 13 E,Iat. 17 3 n.
Cann/id'uri:^, a town of Pennfyivania,
in Wafliington county, on the w branch
of Chait.ier creek, four miles above
Morganzn, and i«; ssw of Pittfburg.
Ctinosa, a town of "Naples, in Terra
di Bari, which ftands on part of the
fite of the ancient Canufium, one of the
molt magnificent cities of Italy. Be-
tween Canofa and the river Ofanto are
ftill fome traces of tiie ancient town of
Cannx, in the plain of which was fought
the celebrated b.ittle between Hannil);i]
and the Pvor-ians, wherein the latter Icll
45,000 men. Canofa is four miles w
by N of Trani.
Cunoul, a town of Hindooftan, in
Golgonda, capital of a circar of thi'
lame name, 1 10 miles ssw of Hydrabad.
Lon. -^S •/ Ejlat- 15 48 N.
Canour^iw, a town of France, in the
dcpru'tment of Lo/oii?, with a trade in
cattle and woollen ftuft's; leited near
the Lot, 13 miles sw of Mende.
Canso, a feaport of Nova Scotia, on
a ftrait which A-parates Nova Scotia
from Cape Breton. Near the town is
a fine fifhery for cod. Lon. 60 ss ^^'>
lat. 45 20 N.
Cnnsladt, a town of Suabia, in the
duchy of Wirtemberg, with a manu-
fadlure of printed cottons. In the
neighbourhood are ibme medicinal
fprings. It is f-ated on the Neckar,
three miles nk of Siutgard.
' CAN
Cantal, a department of Francf , ia-
cluding part of the late province of
Auvergne. It is fo called from a muun.
tain, near the centre of the department,
whole fummit is alw.iy* covered witli
fnow. The capital is St. Flour.
Cantmaroy a town of Naples, ia
Calabria Citeriore, near the fea, ;(
miles sw of St. Severino.
Canterbury f a city in Kent, capital of
the county, and the fee of an arch-
bifliop, who is primate of all England,
It was the Durovernum of the Romans,
and founded before the Chriftian era.
The cathedral, a large ftrudurc, waj
once famous for the flirinc of Thomis
Becket, a turbulent prieft, who was mur.
dered here in 11 70, and afterward made
a faint. In this cathedral are interred
Henry iv and Edward the black
prince. The city has likewife 14 pariflj
churches; the remains of many Roman
antiquities; an ancient caftle, with walls
and a deep ditch; and a grammar-fcool
founded by Henry viii. It is a county
of itfelf, governed by a mayor ; poflt'lFesa
fhare of the filk and cotton manufadtures;
and is noted for excellent brawn. The
adjacent country produces abundance
of hops. The number of inhabitants in
1 801 was 9,000. It has a market on
Wednefday and Saturday, and is fealed
on the river Stour, 55 miles ese of Lon-
don. Lon. i 5 e, lat. 51 18 n.
( 'unth, a town of Sikfia, on the river
Weiftritz, 15 milos sw of Breflau.
Cnntiii, Cape, a promontory of the
Atlantic ocean , on the coaft of Morocco.
Lon. 9 5 w, lat. 3? 49 n.
Canton, a city and feaport of China,
capital of the inovince of Quang-tong,
Icatcd on one of the fineft rivers in the
eiiipi e. It conlifts of three towns, di-
vide! by high walls, but fo conjoined
as to form almoft a regular fquaie.
The Itreets are long and llraight, pared
with flag-flcnes, and adorned with tri-
umphal arches. The houfes arc only
a ground floor, built of earth, and co-
vered with tiles. The better clafs of
pcoph; are carried r.bout in cliairs; but
till' common fort walk barefooted and
bareheaded. Tliey have manufaftures
of their own, efpecially of lilk ftiiffj;
and their goods are carried by porters,
for they have no wagons. At the end
(of every ftrcet is a barrier, which is lliiit
every evening, as well as the gates of the
city. The river is covered with barkj,
which have apartments in them for fa-
milies, where many refide and have no
other habitation. The numher of inha-
bitants is fuppofed to be 1,500,000.
The immenfc quantity of money which
AN
ttnent of France, '»
he late province of
) called from a moun.
e of the department,
alway* covered with
il is St. Flour,
own of Naples, is
;, near the fea, ;(
verino.
ity in Kent, capital of
the fee of an arch-
imate of ail England,
rnum of the Romans,
)re the Chriftian era.
large flriKaure, was
the llirine of Thomas
it prieft.who was mur.
3, and afterward made
cathedral are interred
Edward the black
has like wife 14 pariih
:iinins of many Roman
dent caftle, with walls
; and a grammar-fcool
yrviii. It is a county
by a mayor ; pofleffes a
dcottonmanufadtures;
L'xcellent brawn. The
r produces abundance
umber of inhabitants in
It has a market on
Saturday, and is fealed
r, 55 miles ESR of Lon.
;,lat. 5118N.
of Siltfia, on the nvtr
^8 »w of Breflau.
a promontory of the
the coaft of Morocco.
kj49N.
[and feaport of China,
[wince of Quang-tong,
the fineft rivers in the
(Is of three towns, di-
[ills, but fo conjoined
oft a regular fquaie.
ng and ftraight, pared
kind adorned with tri-
The houfes are only
luilt of earth, and co-
The better clafs of
r.bout in clwirs ; but
walk barefooted and
■y liave manufadurei
|x'cially of filk ftuffij
re carried by poiters,
wagons. At the end
barrier, which is (Imt
., ell an the gates of the
s covered with barks,
inentH in them for ta-
ly refide and have no
The number of inha-
Vd to be 1, 500,000.
ntity of money \vl»c!i
CAP
foreign veflels bring to this city, draws
hither a cn»wd of merchants from all
the provinces ; that its warehoufes con-
tain the rart'ft produflions of the foil,
and the molt valuable of the Chinefe
msniifadtures. It is iioo miles s of
Peking- Lon. 1 1.3 a e, lat. aj 8 n.
Cnnhirr, a pcninfuia of Scotland, in
Argylfihire, 35 miles long and feven
hro.id, connciSed on the n by an ifth-
miis, fcarce a mile broad, to the moun-
taiiioas diftrid of Knapdaie. To the s
the peninfula terminates in a great pro-
montory, forrounded by a group of
dangerous rocks, called the Mull of
Cantyre, on which is a lighthoufe. The
foil, in general, is fertile ; and the only
town of confequence is Campbelton.
Camj, a town of France, in the de-
partment ,of Lower Seine, fituate in a
country which produces great quan-
tities of c"iii and flax, %6 miles n w of
Rouen,
Canrlo^ a fmall ifland in the gulf of
Venice, on the coaft of Friuli. It has a
town of the fame name, 3.0 miles sw of
Aquileia. Lon. la 30 e, lat. 45 4a k.
Capacio, a town of Naples, in Prin-
cipato Citeriore, ao miles SE of Salerno.
Cape Breton. Sec Br v tun, (Jajw\ and
other Capes, in like manner, fee under
their refpeftive names.
Capclle, a town of France, in the
department of Aifnc, 10 miles ne of
Guiefe.
Capestan, a town of France, in the
department of Herault, near the river
Aude and the canal of Languedoc, fix
miles w of Bcziers.
Vapistann, a town of Naples, in Ca-
labria Ulteriwc, ao miles nl of SquiU
lace.
Capilanafe, a province of Naples,
hounded on the n by the gulf of Venice,
f. by Teira di Bari, s by Bafilicata an(l
Principato Ulteriore, and vv by Molifo
and Abruzzo. It is a level oiintry,
without trees; has a famly foil, and a
hot air; but the land near the rivers
j is fertile in paltures. Lucera ib the ca-
I pital.
Oipo Ivw, a barren rock in the ter-
jritoryof Genoa, with a caftle on its
|ca(lcrn peak. Near it is a port of tho
lame name, 13 miles Kst ol* Genoa
Loii. 856 I', lat. 44 ao n.
Cnpo a'lsfna, a town of Italy, capital
lef Iftria, and a bilhop'F fee. It ftands
on a fmall ifiand in the gulf wf Trieft,
conncded with the continent by a c uife-
way, which is detcitded by a caUle.
The principal revenue confifts in wine
and fait It is eight miles s of Trieft.
Lun. 140 £, lat. 45 40 M.
CAR
Cappef, a town of Denmark, in the
duchy of Slefwick, on the e cOaft, 16
miles NE of Slefwick.
('•ipraja, ai ifle in the Mediterranean^
to the NE of Coifica, 15 niijes in cir-
cumference. It has a town of the fame
name, with a good harbour, defended
by a caftle. Lon 056 k , lat. 43 5 N.
Capri, an ifland in the Medittnaneac,
at the entrance of the gulf of Naples,
nearly oppofuc Sorento. It is five miles
long and two broad, with fteep ftiorcs,
acceffible only in tvvo places; and was
the retreat of emperor Tiberius, who
here fpent the laft ten years of his life
in luxurious debauchery. A v^ft quan-
tity of tjuails come here every year;
and the tentii of what are caught,
forms a great part of the revenue of the
bilhop, who is hence called the fiifliop
of Quails.
CuprJ, the capital of the ifland of the
fame name, and a bifliop's fee, with a
caftle. It was once a delightful place,
embellifhed with m^ignificent works,
which were demoliflied after the death
■ of Tiberius. Ii is 27 miles ssw of Na-
ples. Lon. 14 10 E. Lit. 40 .^a n.
Capua, a fir ng city ot Naples, in
Teira di Livoio, and an archhifhop's
fee, with a citadel. It is two miles from
the ancient Capua and was built out of
its ruins. No city in Italy, except
Rome, contains a greater number of
ancient inicriptions. In 1803 itfulfercd
much by an earthquake, and a number
of cavaby were buried under the ruin*
of their barracks. It ftands at the foot
of a mountain, on the river Vulturno,
so miles x of Naples Lon. 14 15 E,
lat. 41 7 N*
Ciira, a river of Ruflla, which iflTues
from the n extremity of the Ural moun»
tains, and flows into the gulf of KaHkoi,
in the .Vrctic ocean ; forming the boiin*
dary between Europe and Afia, for the
fpaee of about 140 miles
Cu'ttcatau, a lar^ie country of Afia,
extending from the great wall of China
to the country of the Monguls; bound-
ed on tlic w by the Iinaus, and on the e
by the fea and China.
Cu''iC( us, a province of Terra Firma,
bounded on the n by the gulf of Mex-
ico, I by Cumana, s by New Granada,
and w by Venezuela. The beft cocoa-
tiut.";, next to thoCf of Guatimala, are
produced in the rich plains of this pro-
vince T e other produtfls arc cotton,
cofllr, iiklij,'o, fugar, and tobacco. Leon
de Caraccas is the capital.
(;((r«»>ni»?a, a province of ATiatic Tur-
key, to the E of Natolia. It compre-
hends Uie ancient Pamphilia, and a great
CAR
fiAi-t of Cilicia, Pilidi.n, and Capparlocia.
t contains fcvcral lakes, whicn aliouiid
witl\ fini, and furnifh great quantities of
fait. Cogni is the capital.
Varnutnnta^ a dillriJl of Ti-rra Firma,
included in the s part of the provinci- of
Carthagcna ; hounded on the w by Da-
rien,s by Pop.iyan, and v. by New On-
nada. It ia a valley furrounded by hi^h
mountains, and then.- arc waters whence
the natives get f.jlt. The capital, of the
fume name, is featod on the Caucn. 240
miles NNE of Popayan. Lon. 75 15 w,
lat. j; 18 N.
CaruiigaSf a town of Peru, capital of
a didridt which contains valuable filvcr
mines, and fcedsa greatnumbcr of cattle.
It is 45 miles w oi I*otofl.
(JarnrOf a town of Italy, in the princi*
pality of Mafl'a, celebrated for its quar-
ries of [marble of varitnis colours. It is
five miles NN K of Ma (la.
Carasui, a lake of European Tinkey,
in Bulgaria. s_<i miles in circumference,
cont.iining feveral inands. It is forVned
by a branch of tlic Danube, not far from
its entrance into the Ulack Tea.
Curiivata, a town of Spain> in Murcia,
feated among mountains, 46 miles wnw
of Murcia.
Vmwai/n, a town of Peru, capital of a
jurifdiiflion oftiiefanic name. Jtis f6o
miles SK of Cufco. Lon. 6(j j6 w, l;u.
14 40 s.
(.'(irrassonr, a city of France, cnpital
of the department of Ande, and a bi-
Ihop'r. fee. It ia divided into the upper
and lower town by the Ancle, over
which is a ftono bridge. In the upper
town, called the city, are a (trong caltle
and the cathedral- The lower tavvri is
Iquarc, rci^larly built, and kept very
neat, by means of an aquedmit, which
brings the water of the Aude todifierent
fountains. Here arc m.innfaOtures of all
forts of cloth. It is 3/; n.ilis w of Nar-
bonnci and 50 se of Touloule. Lon. 3
45 F., lat. 43 14 N.
Carciilld, a town of Ilindooftan, in
Canara, chiefly inhabited by fhopkccp-
ers. In an open temple hen' is the
image of a naked man, .38 feet in height
by 10 in thickncfs, made of one piece
of granite. Much rice, ginger, turmeric,
and hctel-nut is raifcd in the vicinity.
It is feated bctwi-en two l^kes, or tanks,
which give foiuxe to two rivers, 26 niik\i
N by E of Mangalorr.
Cardilf, a borough of Wales, cnpital
of Glamorganfisirc, with a market on
Wedticfday and Saturday. It is featod
on the 'f aate, and has a confiderable
trade with Briftol, for v»flels of fmall
burden may come to the briJ^je. Its
CAR
caftle was an elegant Gothic flruchirf^
but has late'*/ undergone a motley rc<
pair. The town was formerly encotn-
paflfed by a wall, and vedigen of its four
gates yet remain. The conilable of thi)
caftle is the chief magiltratc, who ii
called mayor i and here the adi/.es for
the cotmty are held. Near the town ni{
fome iron-works, and a canal, extendini;
55 miles, to the great iron works at
Merthyr Tidvil. In the caftle died
Robert duke of Normandy, cldeft foij
of William the conqueror, after havinj
been blinded, and contined aB years, by
his brother Henry r. Cardiff is 41 mikj
s of Brecknock, and 160 w of London,
Lon. ^ II w, lat. 51 28 n.
CarJi'^uut a borough of'W.ilcs, the
county-town of Cardiganihire, with a
market on Tuefday and Saturday. The
walls and caille ere gone to ruin. It is
governed by a mayor, and lituatconthc
Tyvy, near a bay to which it gives tiame,
3,^ milen NT. of St. David, and 240 wnw
of London. Lon. 438 w, lat. 53 ion.
Cnrdi^AushirCy a county of Wales, 4:
miles long and :.o broad ; bounded on the
N by Merionethniire and Montgomery-
(liiie, K by Raduordniirc and Brcck-
nookdiiie, s by Carniaithenlhirc .md
Pembrokclhire, and w by Cardigan bay.
It contains 500,000 acres; is divided
into tivelumdruds, and 77 pariftieR ; and
has fix market-towns. The number of
inhabitants in 1801 was 42,956; and it
fendo two members to parliament. To
the s and w are plains fruitful in com;
but the N and k parts arc a continued
rJdg(; of mountains : yet, in the wort
parts, tiicre arc paftures in which arc
bred flocks of ilicep and herds of cattle.
Near the rivers .ire great numbers of ]
otters ; and in the valleys are feveni
lakes. The mountains abound with
veins of le.id and filver ore ; and the
mines have been worked feveral tinns
to grt;it advantage. The principal livcrs
are the Tyvy, Rydal,and Iftwith.
Can/iiiiit, a town of Spain, in Ca-
talonia, with a caftle. Near it is a
mountain of folid rock fait, of which are
made vafcs, fnuff boxes, and trinkets;
.ind there are vineyards that produce
excellent wine. It is feated on tht
Cardenero, 36 miles nw of Barcelona,
Cnriiiu, or liiissian Finland. Su
Cuiiii/nn, a town of France, in llic
department of Manciie, with an ancient
caftle, eight miles iVoni the fea, and :i
w of Rayeux.
Cnrr.\f or Karris, a town of Europ«it
Turkey, in Mace<lonia,fituatc on Mount
Athos, 17 miles se ufSalunica.
3\vn of France, in tin;
lancijo, with an ancient
|u from the fea, and :i
9, a town of European
llonia,ritiiatc on Mount
]e of Sdlunica.
CAR
Carnv, a village of Wal»;B, four milc«
f, by N of Pembroke, iiotcti fc)r the
noble and cxtcnlivo remains of itscaftic,
fiiuatc on a gontk fwt-U above an arm
of Milford haven. ^ , ,,
(Jarfufiiiam. See Castcl I^uovo at
QirJ'a^iiano,
Carlwlx; a town of France, in the tle-
parlincnt of Flnifterre, on the river Yer,
jomilcssof Morlaix.
Carhom, a village in Northumberland,
five niilc'8 k of Kt'lfo. Near it a battle
was fought between the Englilh and
Paiii'ij in which ii bilhops and two
Englifl) countH were (lain, bcfule a j^rcat
iHimbcr of foldiers. Here likewife was
a batth^ between the EngliJh and Scots,
in 1018, in which the latter were vido-
licus. In 1.^70, fir John Lilbnrne wa«
ijci'cated near this place, and taken pri-
ftiicr by the Scots.
Ciiriati, a town of Naplr«, in Calabria
Citeriore, near the gulf of Taranto, 25
miles N of St. Sevcrino.
Canbbeaii Sra, that part of the At-
lantic ocean lying between Cuba, St.
Domingo, and Porto Rico on tiie k, and
'i'ctra Firma on the s.
Qiritire Jslundu, the moll eaftcrn
iflands of the W Indies, divided int«)
Windwanl and Leeward iJlands. See
Indies, tVrst.
Carical, a town of IHndooftan, in the
Carnatic, where the French had a fettlc-
mcnt, which was taken by the Britiih
ill 1760. It (lands at the mouth of a
branch of the Cavery, eight miles s of
Tianguebar.
Ciiriiiiiun, a town of France, in the
ilcpaitinent of Ardennes. It was for-
merly called Ivoix, .uid belonged to
Luxemburg ; but was coded to Louis
XIV, who changed the name. It is
feated on the Chi»;rs, eight miles kse of
Sedan.
(V/)7/j««», a town of ?'cdmont, in a
diftridl of the fame name, willi a cadic,
fcatfil on the river Po, 1 i miles s by w
cf Turin.
Vmmnn Java^ a clufter of idands to
the N of Java, at the principal of which
fliipa touch l"6r refrefliment, in their
voyage to liorneo. Lon. no isE, lat.
J 56 s-
CarinncoUf the chief of the Gr.madilla
idands, in the W Indies, 16 miles nnk
of Granada. It produces much cotton,
and liati a good harbour. Lon. 61 2»
w, lat. 12 28 N.
CannoUiy a town of Naples, in Terra
d! Lavoro, feated near Mount Maflico,
:^ miles nw of Naples.
Carinlliiay a duchy of Germany, in
tlie circle of Austria ; bounded on the
C All
N by Audrla, e by. Stiria, s by Carniola
and Friuli, and w by Tyrol ami Salz-
burg. It is mountaincnis and woody,
but yields good pafturage, and al)oundH
in excellent iron and lead, (lagenfuit
is the capital.
Carisbookj a village in Hampfliire, one
mile H of Newport, in the ille of Wight,
remarkable for its caftle and church,
which areboth very ancient. Thechurcli
had once a convent of monks annexed,
part of which is now a farm-houfe, ftill
retaining the name of the priory. The
cadle (lands on ait«emincnce, and was
the prifon of Cliiirles i, in 1647, before
he was delivered to the parliament forces.
It is now the feat of the gov<'rnor of thi;
Wle of Wight, and has a llrong garrifon.
(J(iris/o, or Castcl Roaxo, an cpifcopal
town of Greece, at ti.e s extremity of
the ifland of Negropont. Lon. 24 35 h,
lat. 384 N.
(Jnrlentini. See Lcntini.
('(trliiifrford, a borough and feaport of
Ireland, in thccounty of L(twth, with a
caftle on a rock. It is noted for excellent
oyfters, and feated on Carlingford bay,
a I miles N of Drogheda. Lon. 6 o w,
lat. 54 II N.
Curlinwarkf a village of Scotland, at
the N corner of a lake of its name, feven
miles NE of Kirkcudbright, with a con-
fiderablt* manufacture of cotton.
CnrlislCf a city and the capital of
Cumberland, witii a market on Wednef-
day and Saturday. It is walled round,
and fituate above ;. rich traft of me.v
dows, bordering thf, Eden, Petteril, and
C'aude, which her'* unite their ftreams.
The g.ites of this city are called the
Englilh, Irilh, and Scotch ; and it has a
caftle at the nw angle, by which the
Pi(5ls wall pafles. The cathedral isa ftate-
ly ftru<5l«rc, formerly very fpacious, but
the nave was d»'(lroyed in the civil wars ;
befide this there are two other churches,
and fcveral meeting-houfes. It is go-
verned by a mayor, and in 1801 con-
tained 10, 221 inhabitants. Carlifle ha»
conliderable manufa<fturc8 of coarfe li-
nens, cottons, calicos, muflins, whips,
and iifhhooks. In 1645 it furrendered,
through famine, to the parliamentary
forces, after a blockade of eight monthl.
It was taken by the rebels in 1745, l>ut
retaken by the duke of Cumberland. It
is 60 miles s of Edinburg, and 301 nnw
of London. Lon. 2 53 w, lat. 54
46 N.
Carlislr, a town of Pennfylvani?, ca-
pital of Cumberland county, with a
college, and four edifices for public
worfhip# It is fituate near a creek of
the Sufquehannaf 100 miles w by n of
CAR
Philadelphia. Lon. 77 30 w, lat. 40
10 N.
Carinhago, a town of Morlachia, at
tnc foot of a crai^gy rock, near tlic
channel that fcp.irates the ifland ot Pago
from thf continent. The commence
confills chieily of wood. It is 46 miles
SE of Huccari. Lou. 15 13 e, lat. 44
Curlon, St. a town of Mexico, in
the province of Nicaragua, on the river
St. Juan, d"? milfs E by s of the town
St. Juan, f .011. 83 45 vv, l;ir. 1 1 on.
Cnrtosy S\ a town on the n fide of
the. ifl.uid of Cuba, 6* milea e of Ha-
vanna.
Carlotia, a town of Spain, in And.i-
lufia, built in i769forGermanand Italian
emigrants, 15 miles s of C^ordova.
Carlvir, or Cathcrlotigli, a county of
Ireland, in the province of LcinlUr, 28
mi'es long and eight broad ; bounded
on tlie V. by Wicklow and Wexford, w
by Qii-ens county and Kilkenny, and
N by Kildare. It is divided into 50
pariihes, contains about 44,000 inha-
bitants, and fend"* three members to par-
liament. The chief rivers arc the liar-
row and Slaney.
Carlow, a borough of Ireland, capital
of the county of the fame name, featcd
on the river Barrow. The caftle is a
fine ruin, overhanging the river, and its
ancient name was Catherlagh. It is 16
miles NK of Kilkenny. Lon. 7 14 w,
lat. az 48 N.
Corliiritz, a town of Sclavonia, where
a peace was concluded between the
Turks and Germans in 1669- It is feat-
ed on the Danub'-, 38 miles nw of Bel-
grade.
CarhlaJ, a town of Bohemia, in the
circle of Saatz, celebrated for its hot
baths, difct V red by imperor Charles
IV, ar> he was hunting. It is IVatcd on
the Topel. n<'ir its confl'iciice with the
Egra, 24 inik's kvh of E.?ra.
Cariil"ir!r, a town of Lower Saxony,
in the duchy of Bremen, on the river
(jeeftr, at tlie mouth of the Wefer, 30
miles N' by w of Bremen. Lon. 845 e,
lat. 5.3 IS N.
Cur'ziitrp:, a city of Tranfylvani.i.
See Ji r.y:e)ihtr[!:.
C'lr'.^'-rnnr,, or Carlscroim, a city and
feap:.*; of Sweden, in Blekingen. It
was ;.uitKled in 16S0 by Cliarles xr,
who removed the fleet from Stockholm
to this place, on account of its centrical
fitu.atii)ri, and the fuperiority of its har-
bour, the tntranci' of which is defended
by two ftrong forts. The greatcft part
of the town is built of wood, and ftands
upon a fmall roct'y ifland) which rifcs
CAR
gently in a bay of the Baltic. The fub,
urbs extend over another fmall rocK
and along the mole, clofc to the bafiii
where the fleet is moored ; and are for.
tified, toward the land, by a (lone wal,
Here are excellent docks for the repair,
ing and building of (hips, founderies tor
cannon,andmanuf3(5luresofgunpo\vcV.
ropes, fails, &c. The inhabitants are
eftimated at 18,000. It is sio miles ssw
of Stockholm. Lo.i. 15 16 e, lat. 56
7N.
Ccrls'/iarnt, a town of Sweden, in
Blekingen, with a woollen mannfadure,
a forge for copper, and a timber yard, 2;
miles w of Carlforoiia.
i'lirlsruhc, a town of Suabia, in the
mavgravate of Baden, where the prince
has a palace, two miles n w of Dourlach.
Cnrls/adtf the capital of Croatia, with
a forlrefs ; featcd on the Kulpa, at the
influx of the Corona, 180 milts s by w
of Vienna. Lon. 15 58 E, lat. 45 ;,3 x,
CuiUtadt, a town of Sweden, capita!
of V\'ermeland, uid a biOiop's fee. It
(lands on the N fide of the lake Wenncr,
and on the iOand of Tingwalla, which
is formed by two branches of the Clara.
The houfes are built of wood and paint-
ed ; the epifcopal palace is alfo of wood,
ami has an exteufive front. The in-
habitants carry on a trade in copper,
iron, and wood acrofs the lake. It is
175 miles w of Stockholm. Lon. 13 43
H, lat. 59 zi N.
Carlsladi, a town of Franconia, in the
principality of Wurtzburg, featcd on
the Maine, 13 miles n by w of Wurtz-
burg.
Carluke, a village of Scotland, near
the river Clyde, five miles nw of Lv
nerk. It has a cotton manufadure, and
is famous for apples and pears.
Car map no I a, -A fortified town of Pied-
mont, with a citadel, feated on a fmall
river, which :ias into the Po, 14 milts
s of Turin.
Carmiirf/ini, a borough of Wales, ca-
pital of Carmarthenlhire, with a maiktt
on Wedncfday and Satiuday, It is fat-
ed t)n the Towy, over which is a floue
bridge, to which fmall vefli-'ls may come
lip. It was fortified with a wall and a
caC< Ic, now in niiiis ; and on the k fuk
of the town, n<'ar lli* river, are tlunv-
mains of a monadic building of confulev-
able extent. Carmarthen is a county
of ilfelf, governed by a mayor, and in
1 80 1 contained 5548 inhabitants. Tliere
are iron and tin mines in the nei^chboiir-
hood. It is 24 miles sk of ( ardigan,
and 220 W' by n of London. Lon. 4 :]
w, lat. 52 IS N.
Carmarllicnu/iiref a county of Wales
: A R
f the Baltic. Tht fub.
;i- another fmall roch
lole, clofe to the bafin
\ moored ; and are for.
e land, by a (tone wah
it docks for thn repair,
of fliips, foundcrics tor
jfadluresofgunpowtVr.
The inhabitants are
100. It is s;o miles ssw
Loi. IS a6 E, lilt. 56
town of Sweden, in
a woollen manufadure,
r, and a timber yard, ::
oroiia.
own of Siiabia, in the
adcn, where the prince
:> lYiilos N w of Dourlach.
capiUil of Croatia, with
;1 on the Kulpa, at the
rona, t8o miles s by w
I. 15 58 E, lat. 45 ;,3 X,
own of Sweden, capital
uid a bilhop's ft^e. It
ide of the lake Wenner,
d of Tingwalla, which
branches of the Clara,
milt of wood and paint-
il palace is alfo of wood,
eufive front. The in.
on a trade in copper,
acrofs the lake. It is
Itockholm. Lon. 1343
wn of Franconi.i, in the
Wurtzbiirg, featcd on
liles N by w of Wurtz.
age of Scotland, near
five milts Nw of Lv
>tton maniifadure, and
■s and pears,
'orfificd town of Pied-
del, ffatcd (Ml a fmall
into the 1\), 14 milts
borough of Wales, c"-
ifnfhirc, with a marktt
id Saturday. Il is fuat-
over which is a (lone
mall vedl'ls may come
ficd with a wall and a
ns ; and on tluj k lido
tli« river, arc tli'-Mv-
c building of conrulev-
rmarlhen is a county
I by a mayor, and in
48 inhabitants. There
ires in the rei^chbour-
iiiles .sE of ( ardigaii,
f London. ]-.on. 4 23
)Ii
, a county of Wales
CAR
1^ miles long ami ao broad; bounded
on the N by Cardiganfliire, k by Breck-
nockfliire and Glamorjjanlhire, s by the
Briftol channel, and'vv by Pembroke-
/liire. It contains a: 8,000 acres ; is di-
vided into eight hundreds, and t 45 pa-
rities ; and has lix market-towns. The
number of inhabitants in i8oi was
67,317 ; 'Tifi itlendstwo members to par-
liament. It is fruitful in corn and grafs,
has plenty of wood, coal, lead, and lime,
and is not lo mountainous as the other
cjiinties of VVnles. The priucipal rivers
arc ih<! Towy, Tyvy, and Taafe.
t'ai/ucl, a rroiintaiii of Syria, in Pa-
leftine, nott'd for having btien the retreat
of the prophet Eliay, .md for ci monaftery
cf Canncliles. It is 50 miles n of Je-
nif.iiem.
Carmtiiiay a town of Italy, in Friuli,
on a mountain near the river Indri, feven
mik'S NW of Goritz.
(■urmoiui, a town of Spain, in Anda-
liifia, with many remains of ancient
walls, inicriptions, &c. The gate to-
vm\i Si'villc is one of the moll extraor-
dinary pieces of antiquity in all Spaio ;
and its cilUe, now in ruins, was formerly
of imiiienfe extent. It is feated on a
hii;!! iii'l) 25 miles f. of Seville. Lon. 4
48 V.', lat. 37 24 N.
Carnunnjit, a borough and fcaport of
Wales capital of Carnarvonniire, with
a market (-n Saturday. It is feateu -jh
a flrait of the fca, called Mer.ai, near its
entrance into Carnarvon bay, and carries
on aconfiderable trade with Ireland, and
the principal Engliflj ports. It has a
celebrated eaftle, built by Edward r, in
which his fon, Edward 1 1, the firfl prince
of Wales, was born. Carnarvon is go-
verned by the conftable of the caltle,
who is always mayor. Here are fait
water baths, and elegant hot and cold
baths, which are much frecjuented during
the foafon. It is fevcn miles sw of Ban-
gor, and 244 NW of London. Lon. 4
:t iv, lat. 53 8 N.
Ciinidrr.imsinrr, a COimty of W'alt-R,
50 mill's lonj and 13 broad ; bounded
on al'inall part of the s by Merioneth-
iiiirs, on the v. by Denbighlhire, and
on all othi-r parts by the' iea, htnng fe-
parattd from Anglefea by the ftrait >le-
iiai. Itontains 310,000 acres ; is divid-
'dinto fcven hundreds, and 63 parilhcs;
has one cty and live market-towns ;
and fends two members to parliament.
The numlHT of inhabitants in 1801 was
41,511. The principd rivers are the
Coinvay and Stint. This county being
the mod nigged diflridt of N Wales,
may be truly called the Britidi Alps.
Its central part !• occupicJ by the famed
CAR
Snowdon ; and the profprtJls around are
rude and favage in the higheft degree ;
but not without a mixture of beauty,
when the dimenfions of the vales admit
the varieties of wood, water, and mea-
dows. Cattle, ftietp, and goats, are
almoO its fole rural riches. Thefe are
fed, during the liimmtr, very high on
the mountains, tended by their owners ;
and many rare vcgetabh's, met with
only on the mod elevated fpots, grovp
here. Copper mints have been worked
in various parts of thefe mountains, as
well as lead ; and quantities of Itonc,
excellent for hones, are dug near Snow-
don ; to the dreary region of which the
rich vale of Conway below forms a
plcafing contrail. The chief manufadure
is woollen cloth.
Curnntic, a country of the peninfiila
of Hindooftan, extending from the Gun-
toor Cirear, along the whole coaft of
Coioinandel, to Cape Comorin ; includ-
ing its appi iidaja-s, which an; Tanjore,
Maravar, Trichinopoly, Madura, and
Tinevclly. It is 570 miles from n to s,
but no where more than i2d, and com-
monly 75 miles wide. '1 he annual re-
venue of its Ibvereign, the nabob of
Arcot, is r,5oo,oool. (>ut of which he
pays a fubfidy of lOooool. to tlie En-
glilhE India Company, toward the ex-
pencc of their military eltr.blifhment.
The Britifh pofleflions here are confined
chielly to thedillriiit called the Jaghire.
The Cainatic is rich, it rtile, and popu-
lous, and contains .;n incredible number
of fortrefles ; public monuments too, the
unequivocal inarlcs c*-' civili7..aticn and
opulence, are more eomnon here than
in the n" p.irts n\ India. Tnc principal
rivers are the Pennar, i^aliar, and Ca-
very. In 1787, the E India Company
took theadminiftration of the Carnatic,
and the collection of the nabob's reve-
nues, intd their owa hands. Arcot ij»
the capital.
Cui „awly a town of Hindooftan, in the
province of Delhi. Herein 1739, Kouli
Khan gained a vidory over the aiTny of
the great mogul ; and in 1 761, the Seikss,
undtr Abdalla, defcaied the Maiirattas.
It ir. 80 miles nw of Delhi.
i'anirsiUlc, a town of the Aate of
Georgia, chief of Franklin county, loa
miles NW of Augufta, and 115 nnw of
Louifville.
L'.iinio!i!, :i duchy of Germany, in
the circle of Audria ; bounded ou the n
by Cariiif.hia and Stiria, i; by Sclavonia
and Croatia, s by Moriachia and Iftria,
;ind w by Friuli. It is diverfificd with
mountainous parts, having mines of iron
and mercury j and otliers fcrtila and well
CAR
cukiT.ited, producing corn, wine, and
oil. l^aubach is the capital.
Qirtilatlif a town of Siicfia, capitnl of
.1 principality of the fame name, Hated
on tl»e Oder, 14 miles n\v of Glogau.
(Jarolintt, a town of Spriiii, in Andalu-
fia, the chief of a new colony of thv.
fame nam», in th" Siena Morcna. It
Itaiuls on a bill, towering above the
whole fcttlcmtnt, 20 milcb -nk of An-
duxar.
Carolina, North, one of the United
States of ikmerica ; bounded on the m
by Virginia, k by the Atlantic, s by 6
Carolina and Georgia, and w by Ton-
ncffee. It is 450 milco long and 140
broad, containing abont 34,000 fciuare
miles. It is divided into eight diftrida ;
namely, Edentoii, Newbern, Wilming-
ton,l''ayi'tte,i-Iilifb jrough, Halifax, Mor-
.^an, and Saliibnry ; and theft are fub-
G'vided into 58 counties. Th«; chief
ri\ er8 are the Lhovan, Roanoako, Tar,
Ncns, and Cape Fear. Befide the ve-
getable products common to America,
there are ground \ieas, which run on the
furface of the earth, and are covered by
hand w4tli a light mould, and the poda
grow under ground ; they are eaten raw
or n aflcd, and talte much like a ha/le-
nut. Cotton ahb is univerfally cultivated
here. The moft remarkable of its trees is
the pitch pine, which affords pitch, tar,
turpentine, and various kinds of lumber.
Among the medicinal herbs and roots,
this couiitry abounds with the ginfeng,
Viijiaiaand Seneca fuakeroot, and lions
heart, a fovercign remedy for the bite of
V. fcipcnt. The largsjll town of this ftate
is Newburn, but thecapital is Ralegh.
Carolina, SoulL, one of the United
States of America ; bounded on the n
by N Carolina, e by the Atlantic, and
s and sw by the river Savanna, which
divides it from Georgia. It is 200 miles
long and la^ broad, containing about
20,000 fqnare miles. It is divided into
nine diftridts ; namely, Charlefton, Beau-
fort, Georgetown, Ninety-fix, VVafliing-
ton, Pinckney, Camden, Orangeburg,
and Cheraw ; and thcfe are fubdived
in|o .^5 counties. 1 lie principal rivers
arc the Santee, Savanna, Edifto, and
Vcdee. This country abounds with pre-
cious ores, and tiiert> are likewile found
pellucid ftones of different hues. Befide
maize, wheat, ric<', t<c.. for home con-
fnmption, large (juantitics of tobacco,
and fome cottt)n, indigo, wheat, and rice
.ire raifed for exportation. There are
;dfo a variety of medicinal lierbs and
roots. Charleflon and Columbia are the
chief towns.
Caroiinf hlunds, a range of idiuids in
C A Tl
the N Pacific ocean, difcovrrcd In ^^^
by the Spaniards, in the reign of Chaiitj
II. They lie to the k of the Philippiingj
between 138 and i,i;4 ^ Ion. and 8 and
1 1 N lilt. They are about 30 in numbtr,
and populous; the natives rcfembiini;
thofe of the Philipt,inc8. The muft
coniiderablc idand is hogoleu, about 9s
miles long and 40 broid: thr next ji
Yap, at the w extremity of this cliaiii,
but not above a third par^ of that lizc
They have been little vifitcd by recent
navigators.
Caroor See Cnrurti,
Cdrpathinn Mountains, a grand chain
which divides Hungary and Tranlylva.
nia from Poland, extending about 503
miles.
Carpentaria, a large bay on the N coall
of New Holl.ind, difcovered, in 1618,
by a Dutch captain named Carpenter.
That part of the country which borders
on the E fide of the bay is alfo called
Carpcnt.iria.
Carpmiras, a town of France, in the
department of Vauclufe. It was fur.
merly the capital of Venaiflin, and a
bifhop's fee. It is feated on the Aufon,
at thfc foot of a mountain, 14 miles ke
of Avignon. Lon. 5 6 E, lat. 44 8 v.
CV/ )/>/■, ,1 town of Italy, in the iMo-
denefe, with a fortified caftle and a guoci
trade. It ftands on a canal to the Sec-
cilia, eight miles n of Modena.
Carpi, a town of Italy, in the Vera.
nefe, where a vidtory was gained by the
Aultrians over the French, in 1701. h
i« feated on the Adige, 34 miles SE of
Vorona.
Carrick on ShannoTi, sl town of Ireland,
capital of the county of Leitrim. It is
a fmall place, with little trade or manu-
fa(f>ure, feated on the Shannon, 78 miles
WNW of Dublin. Lon. 8 3: w, lat. 53
S3 N-
Carrick on Suir, a town of Ireland,
in Tipperary, famous for its woollen
cloth, called ratteen. It is feated on the
Suir, 21 miles se of Cafhel.
Carric/iJ'crfrus, a borough and feaport
of Ireland, chief town of the county of
Antrim, with a caftle. It is feated on a
bay of its name, in the Irifii channel, 85
miles N by E of Dublin. Lon. 6 14 w,
lat. 54 48 V.
CanirkmacToss, a town of Ireland, in
the county of Monaghau, 19 miles ese
of Monaghan.
C'lrnon di los Condes, a town of Spain,
In Leon, on the frontiers of Old Caflile.
It has ten parilh churches, ten con-
vents, and two hofpitals ; and is feated I
on the river Carrion, 18 miles n of !
Placenlia, and 40 \v of Burgos.
A Tl
n, difcovtred In ifi?,
in tlierfign ofCliaib
: K of the Philippiin'8,
154 E Ion. and 8 and
e about 30 in niimbtr,
le natives rcfcmblim,'
ilipi^incs. The muft
i is hoi^uleut about 9s
.0 bro \d : the nt-xt ii
Iremity of this chain,
hird pail of tliat lize,
ittic vifitcd by recent
untains, a grand ciiain
infrary and Traiilylva.
extending about 500
argcbayon the Ncoaft
1, difcovercd, in 16 18,
;ain named Carpenter.
country which b'jrd(r!
the bay is alfo called
JH«w,atown of Ireland,
uity of Leitrim. It is
little trade or manu.
the Shannon, 7li mil«
Lon. 8 3i w, lat.53
a town of Ireland, in
maghan, 19 miles esb
CAR
Carron, a river of Scotland, in Stirlinp-
fliirf, which rifes on the b fide of tite
Campfey hills, and flows into tlui frith
of Forth, below Falkirk. Two miles
from its fource, it forms a fine cafcidc,
called the Fall of Auchinlilly ; and near
its mouth commences the Great Canal
from the Forth to the Clyde.
(larruii, a village of Scotland, in Stir-
liiigfliire, on the river Carron, two miles
from Falkirk, celebrated for the greateft
iron-works in Europe. Theft works
employ about j6oo men; and, on an
average, ufe weekly Hoo tons of coal,
400 tons of ironftone, and io«- tons of
limdloiie. All forts of iron goods are
made here, from the mofttriflini,' article
[0 the largeft cannon ; and the fhort
piece of ordnance, railed a carronade,
liiiice received its name. The trade in
coke and lime isalfocdnfuiernble. Thefe
works were erefled in 1761, and arc
carried on by a chartered company.
Cur/, two rivers of Scotland, in Ren-
frewfliire, diftinguilhcd by the appella-
tions of Black and White. The Black
Cart iffiies from the lake Lochwinnoch ;
the White Cart dt^fcends from the ne
angle of the county; and they both flow
into the Gryfe, a few miles before its
confluence with the Clyde.
Carltifin, a city of Mexico, capital of
Cofto Rico, andabilhop's fee. Here
are feme rich merchants. It flands on
a river of the fame name, 70 miles from
its mouth in the Pacific ocean. Lon.
IJ4 10 w, lat. 10 15 .M.
(.'.irtuma, a town of Spain, in Grana-
da, at the foot of a mour.tain, near the
river Guadala Medina, tight miles n\v
of Malaga.
Carteret Island, an ifland in the Pa.
cific ocean, feen by captain Carteret in
1767. It is fix leagues long from e to
w. Lon. 159 14 K, lat. 8 26 s.
C'lirlrrsrille, a town of Virginia, in
Powhatan county, featcid on James ri-
ver, 40 miles WNw of Richmond.
Carthage, Capr, a promontory on the
K coaft of the kingdom of Tunis, near
which Hood the famous city of Carthage,
razed by the Romans, and fome of tlic
ruins are to be feen on tnc coaft. It is
10 miles N'l; of Tunis. Lon, 10 ao e,
lat. 36 .50 N.
Carthofteva, a fcapovt of Spain, in
ft'urcia, built by Afdrub.al, a Carthage-
uian general, and named after the city
of Carthage. It is the lee of a billiop,
and a great mart for merchandife. It
lias the beft harbour in Spain ; alfo the
inoft confiderabh; docks and magazin<'s.
The principal crops of barilla are pro-
duced in its vicinity ; and a tine red
CAR
earth, called almagra, ufed in polidiing
mirrors, ami preparing tobai-co for fiiutf.
Carthagena was taken by fir John Leake
in 1706, but the duke of Brunfwick re-
took it. It is feated on a gulf of the fame
name, 27 miles s of Murcia. Lon. 1 H
w, lat. 37 .-^7 N.
Cnrliiupntn, a province of Terra Fir-
ma, bounded on the w by the idhmua
of Darien, N by the Caribbean fea, E by
St. Marth;i, and s by Popayan. It is a
mountainous country, but has many
well-watered and fertile vallics ; yet,
being thinly peopled, It is ill cultivated.
It produces a variety of valuable druge,
and fonie precious llones, particularly
emeralds.
Curth.agrna, a fcaport of Terra Fir-
ma, capital of the province of the fame
name, and one of the moft populous,
opulent, and beautiful cities in S Anu;-
rica. Its harbour is the lafeft and beft
fortified in the Spanilh Americm donii-
nionn. It was the port in which the
i;ailcons firlt begun to trade, en their
arrival from Europe; and to which they
returned to prepare for their vfiya ;c
homeward. This cireumflance raifVd
its importance, which now mutt be af-
fected by the change in the Spanifli
fyfU-m of trade with America. The
city is nearly furrounded by the fea ; on
the F it communicates by means of a
wooden bridge with a large fuburb,
built on an ifland, which communicates
with the continent by another bridge.
It was taken by the Englilh in 1585, and
by the French in 1697, who found a
great booty : but admiral Vernon, ia
1 741, though he had taken the forts,
was obliged to abandon the fie^e. Lon.
75 43 ^^'» lat. 10 25 N.
Carfniel, a town in Lancafhire, with
a market on Monday. It has a fpacious
old church, with a curious tower, being
a fquare within a fquare, the upper part
fet diagonally within the lower. It is
fe.'ted among the hills called Cartmel
Fi;lls, I'ot far from the fea, 14 miles n
by w of Lancalter, and 254 NNw of
London.
('unirii. or Caronr, a town of Hindoo-
flan, in the province of Coimbetore,
with a neat fort, in which is a large
temple. Much fugar-cane is raifed in
the vicinity. It is ic:ited on the Ama-
rawati, eight miles abov<' its conlhience
with the Cavery, and 37 n^e ot" Dar-ipo-
ram.
C'ancnr, a town of IIindool\an, in the
province of Canara, and a Britifli fettle-
ment. It is feated near the mouth of
the Aliga, 50 miles .sse of Goa. Lon.
74 14 fe) lat. 14 5? N.
C A S ^
Came, or Caiac, a country !n tlic do-
minion!! «rf I'erfn, on the Irontiers of
Armenia, governt J by princes of its own,
nominally fubicd to Pt-rfia. 'I'h».' inha-
bitanta are dcfcfndrxl from the Coflacs,
and reprelt'iitcd as a rude and barbarous
prople. Cafac, or Cazac Loia, is the
name of the capital.
Cnsaf^randr, a town of New Mexico,
in the N part of New Mavarrc. Here is
an immenfc edifice, fiippofed to hive
been built by the ancient Mexicans for
a fbrtrefs: it confifts of thrff floors,
with s teirace above them; and the en-
trance is at the i'econd fioor, that :\ fca-
Jing-laddt-r was ntcelVary. Lon. 1 1 j 23
w, lat. _^3 40 N.
Cava/, a town of Piedmont, lately the
capital of IMontfiTrat, and a iiifhop's fee.
Ilscaltlo, eiladfl, and rill its fortifications
have been demolifhed. It is lented on
the river Pu, 37 miles ne of Turin.
Lon. 8 a; k, lat. 45 18 n.
Casal Alaagiorc, a tnvvn of Italy, in
the dwchV ot Milan, on the river Po, 20
miles ESE of Cremona.
Casal Nuova, a town of Naples, in
Calabria Ultcriore. An earthquake hap-
pened here in 1783, by which upward
of 4000 inhabitants h)l\ their lives. It
fi.inils near the k,\, 11 miles N by w of
Oppido.
Ciisbin, or C'oswin, a town of Pcrfia,
in Irac Agcmi, where fcveral of the kings
of iVrfia have rcfided, Nadir Shah built
a palace hen*, inclofed by a walla mile
and a half in cirrumrcrcncc; and the
town is fuiroundcd by another four
miles in circuit. It carries on a great
trade, and is feated in a (andy plain, 280
miles N by w of Ifpahan. Lon. 51 10 k,
lat. 36 8 N.
Ciiscais, a town of Portugal, in Eflre-
madura, at the n'louth of the 'Jajo, 17
miles w of Lifbon.
Oisdiaii. iritc Cassorin.
Cciico B(zj;, a bay of MalTaehufets,
in the diflridl of MhIiu;, between Cape
Elifabt-lh and Cape Small R;int. It is
25 miles wide, and in'olperfed with
fniall ifl.'inds. Lon. 69 ,;o w, lat. 44
40 x.
Ha^fT/ai a town of N.ifjies, in Tt-rra
di Lavoro. Here ir, a magnilicent royal
piiare ; and a grand mndtin .Tqiifduot,
vvlijeh i'uv.'jinu". a grmt part of the city
of Naplt.'s with water. Moft of the
buildings were greatly d.nmaged by an
carthqiiake in 11303. ^^ '^ ^5 iT^'i*-'s N
of Naples.
Ois/.cl, 3 bf)rough of Ireland, capital
of the county of Tipperary, and an arch-
biHiop'ij fee. It bad formerly a wall j
C A S
nnd part of two pites arc ftlll rmnjin.
ing. The cathedral is fuppofed to h,iv(
been the firft ftone edifice in Ireland. \
fynod was h»'!d here by Henry 1, in
1 158, by which the kingdom of Ireland
was confirmed to him. It is 36 mile-,
W.SW of Kilkenny. Lon. 8 10 w, la;,
5 2:6r.
Coihf^iir, or Lilltr linkhnria, a coun.
try of Ufbcc Tar».»ry. which commtnres
on the N and ne of Caflimere, in H'n.
dooftan (fp-m which it is fiparMid
by the Himmalfh mountains) an.l n.
tends to 40 N lat. Great part of ii n\
fandy di^'fert ; th^' other parts are popn.
lo'is and fertile- Here arc mi:us 01 gold
and fdvcT, w!iich t!ie natives i\o not
work, bccaufe they are ernjiloyed who;iy
in feeding; cattle. The muli.-.inir.ri!»
are foiuul in this country. It liktwife
produces diainoiu's and fevcral other
precious ftotie.!. n kfu ir. the cipitj!.
Cusii'^ur, a city of I'fliec T.irtai'y, for-
merly the capital of the coniitiy of tiii;
fame name. It has a g.ood fnde v.ith
the neighbouring conntries, and (lands
at the toot of the liin:male!i mountains,
1 1 miles s of Irekcn. Lon. y^ :j t,
lat. 4 J 30 N'i
C'l'i/nnrif, a province of HIndocd.in,
fuhjed (o tie kino: of Canda'-ar, or fu!.
tan of fhi' Afghani ; houndi'd on tluMv
by the Indut;, n by .Mount Himm.ilcli,
and E r.nd s by Lahore. It ir> an iIctj.
ted valley, 00 miles long and ^o bro.id,
fuiTOuaded by fteep moimtains, wliicli
towirabov>' the leeions r»f fnow. Tin
periodical rains, winch almolt deluge
the reft of India, are Ouit out. of Caiti-
mere by the height of the mountains, fo
that only light Oiovvers fall here: hut
thefc arc fufiiciently abundant to ffcd
fon.e hundreds of cafcades, v\hich art
precipitated into the valley. The foil
iv the richtfL that can be conceived, aiid
its produitions thofe of the tempeniii;
zone. Nu.nerous (treams, from ail
cjuarters of ;he valh y, bring their tribute
to the Cheli'm, a large navig;ible rivfr;
and m.any Ini.'ll lakes are fpread ov,r
the furfac ', fome of which contain
flo.-.ting iflands. But the country is
AibjecH to e,u1h(iuakep; nv.d, to oiiiard
againfl the moll ten ible eileds, all ll;e
houfcs are built of wood. Among
other curious maniifaflures of Cafii-
mere is that of fli.iwls; and tlie dciiaite
wool of which ti'.e fmift are mack Is
the produ(5t of a fpccics of goat of ihii
cdtmtry, or of ti.e adjoining 'Jihct.
llrre are bn'd a fptcies of flieep, calltd
Ilundoo, which are <'niploye0 in car-
rying burdtns. The CaOuntn.ms arc
ftout and well ir,^c\'; but their featurts
CAS
often coarff and broad : even the women
arc of a deep brown complexion ; but
they ai'J gay and livtly, and fond of
pirtifs of pl»'afure on their beautiful
lakes. They l>avc a lani^uage of their
own, f:iid to be .inKrior 'o that of the
Smfciit ; and a reli.c;ion too, it i» thought
ditftrent trum that of th- Hindoos. The
fuperftition of tlic inhabitants has mul-
tioiittl the places of worDiip of Maha-
i\co, Befc'ian, and Brima. All Callimerc
is holy land, and miraculous fountains
k abound.
CW'hinerc, a city of Ilindoonan, capi-
I tal of the province » r v illey of Calhmtie.
Hire lie many fountains, nfeivc/ns, and
1 tcmpli?. Til' Ui'tet: ate narruw, and
dirty. The hoiifes, many of them two
ar.d tlr: e Jlorie.i Mk'u art nij^hliy built
ot I'lick and mortar, will; a large inter-
inixtur.' ot timiier ; and on the i\)ofs is
I iaiJ a coveii.iK of fnieerirtl), wliichis
pl.inttd witli a v;n-it.ty of (lowers. Tlii.-i
city is without wHs, and f.-it^'d On bollj
liitts of thf ClK'Ium, 285 iniie.s r- by s
IsfCabul. Lon. 73 11 k, lat ,3,? 40 n.
C'(i,v;)('. a town of Sp.iin, in Arrajrori,
I where Feulina- d 1 v w.ii; circled king of
Arragon. It ftaiais at the confluence
'•tthe Gu.idaloupt' and Ktiro, ,-?? miles
s of B,ill\'iftr<>, and 44 ^i- of Sara;^'()ira.
i\:.:p'!uit Sea, a gnat lake of Alia;
bouncieil on the n by the country of the
Kalnnics, !■. bv a tribjof tiicTvrcoinans,
I s by Ptrlia, und w by Geor;<ia and Cir-
jctnia. It is 6^0 miles in kn;,'th, from
]Guri>;fto Mcdlheiifar, and in no part
Imo'L than :6o in breadth. On account
|o( frequent iiioaJs, it i.s not Tiavigable
Ifvir vellfls dravvir;,- more than 10 feet
I water, though isi fome parts a line of
1 45; fathoms will not reach the bottom.
Illhis ftroiij^ currents, and the water is
Ifilt. Th(! liilirry is a nurfcry for f lilors.
I'fheUralian Colfacs er.'-y the riv,'lit of
IJilliinv; on the coaft 47 miles on i-ach
Ifukofthe river Ural; and the inhabi-
ItanLsof Altraciu have an exclufive pri-
Ivile^e uu the remaining Ibores belong-
liii^ to Kr.llia. The roes of the If urgfon
land beluga fupply large quantities of
laviare; and the tilh, which are chielly
Ifaltcd and dried, form a coididerahle
larticle of confnmptiou in the RulTian
jcrapire. Porpoiics and foals are alio
■caught in great nimibers.
1 Chiitndnd, a town of Holland, on
be sw fide of the illand of Csdfand, at
jthc mouth of the ^iwia, tliree miles n
|Qf Sluys.
(Jissano, a town of [taly. in the Mi-
panefc, with a caiUe, Here pri'ic* lin-
piio, in 170C, wa, checkeil ti altempt-
iigto force Llie pallajje of the Adda;
CAS
and in 1799 the French were defeated
by the AuArians. It is fcitcd on the
Adda, If miles ne of Milan.
Cusfono, a town of Naples, tn CaU*
brin Citeriore, j* miles nw of RoiTanoi
and 50 KSR of Policaflro.
( iLssaif, or M,cklc>i, a country of
Alia, bounded on the w by Bengal, h
by A (Tim, e and sb by liirmah, and 9W
by Ai^an. The inhabitants are called
iMuj-'iffrooB, a tribe of rude mountain-
eers little known. It is now fubjc»ft to
the Birmans. Munnypour is iht capi-
tal.
Cdssil, a city of Germany, capital of
Lower HeflTe. It is divided into the Old
Town, Lower New 'iown, and Upper
New '1 own ; the former two are chiefly
built in the ancient flyle, but the laft is
very rcgidar and handfoine. The inha-
bitants are eftimited at a?, 000, and
they have manufailures of linen, cioth,
iiats, porcelain. Sec. Here is a college,
founded by the l,indgrave in 1709. 1 hft
caftle, or palace, the gani-Mis, the arfc-
nal, the foundery, and tin; crbinet of
curiofities, delerve tbe atteiition of tra-
vellers. It was taken by the French in
lyCio, and refturcd at the p»'ace Jn i76jt.
It is i'eated on the Fulda, 40 miles SE of
Paderboni. Lon. 9 15 ?., lat. 51 19 v.
t'lisscl, a Itrong town in Germany,
fituatc on the Rl;inc, oppofue Mentz,
with which it has a communication by
a bridge of boats. It was taken by the
French in 1792, and retaken by the
Prntlians in 179 ^ In 1808, it was trans-
ferred to Trance.
CW.vv,/, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Nord, with a fortified caf-
tle. Jt rtandi on a mountain, whence
Hiay be feen 32 towns, and the German
oci:an, though 50 miles diftant. It is
10 miles XK of St. Omcr.
C'issiua, an extenfive empire in Negro-
land, to the w of Bornon. It refembles
Jiornou in climate, foil, and natural
produ(5lions, and in the colour, geniua,
religion, and government of the people.
The rains, indeed, are Icfs violent ; and
its monkies and parrots (but feldom feen
in Bornou) are numerous, and of various
fp< cies. A thoufand towns and villages
arc faid to be included in this empire.
G/v.v/?<a, the capital of the empire of
the fame name. The chief trade is in
fjua, gold-duft, flaves, cotton cloths,
goat (kins, ox and buffalo hides, and
civet. It is 750 miles wsw of Bornou.
Lon. II ^1; E, lat. 15 40 N.
C'lfsis, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Idouths of the Rhone, with
a fmall port on the Mediterranean, nine
miles ssB of Marfeilles-
CAS
Vnssoviuf or Cuschau, a ftrong town
of Hungary, with a fine arfenal, fentt-d
noar the river Ilorat, 85 miles k by n
c*" Schemnitzi Lon. ao 55 e, lat. 48 40 n.
Castagnola, a town of Piedmont, on
the river Po, eight miles s of Turin.
Castavienn, or Kastumout, a town of
Afiatic Turkey, in IvJatolia, formerly a
large city, but now much reduced in
fize and magnificence. It is 340 miles
E of Conftantinople. Lon. 34 24 e, lat.
44 4a N.
Custel a Mare, a town of Naples, in
Principato Citcriore, where the (hips of
the royal navy are built. It ftands on
the fite of the ancient Stabia, at the
toot of a woody mountain, on the bay
of Naples, 15 miles se of Naples.
Castel a Mure, a town of Sicily, in
Val di Mazara, on a bay on the u coaft,
30 miles w by s of Palermo.
Caslel Arrugmicac, a fortified feaport
of Sardinia, and a bifhop's fee. It was
the Hrft place taken in this ifland, at the
end of the thirttenth century, by the
iVrragonefe, whence its name ; but in
1767, the , king ordered it to be called
Cartel Snrdo. It ftands on the N w coail,
ao miles ne of Saffari., Ldn. 9 1 e, lat.
40 56 N.
Ciii'iel Baldo, a town of Italy, in the
Paduan, on the river Adige, 40 miles s w
of Padua.
Castei Branco, a ftrong town of Por-
tugal, in J3cir;>, with a caftlc and two
churches. In 176;, it waa taken by the
Spaniards. It is 6 i miles se of Cotiubra.
Lon. 7 23 w, lat. 39 52 n.
C'nslcl dc Fide, a town of Portugal, in
Alentejo, eight milCs nk of Porlaltgre.
Castei Folil, a town of Spain, in Ca-
talonia, on a,n eminence near tlie river
Pulvla, 15 miles w of Gerona.
Caslel Franco, a town of Italy, in
Trevifano, iz miles w of 'iVevifo.
Castei Gundoljb, a town of Jlaly, in
Cam.pagna di Roma, near the Like Al-
bano. Near this place is the villa Bar-
barini, where are the ruins of an im-
menfc palace, built by emperor Donii-
ti.nn. It is 10 miles s by e of Rome.
Caslel Juloitx, a town of France, in
the department of Lot and Gnronne,
with a confiderable trade in wine, honey,
and cattle ; feated on the Avanee, 20
miles E by s of Bazas, and 3 a w by n of
Agen.
Ca.sfcl Nunvo, a town of Dahnatia,
on the gulf of Cataro, i a miles ^ by w
of Cataro.
Castei Niiova, a town of Sicily, in
Val di Mazara, feated on a hill, 18 miles
8SW of Termini.
Cuitcl 'Nuovu di Cor/agnana, a town
CAS
of Italy, in the Modenefe, with a ilrotit
fort ; ftated in the valley of Carfagnana,
on the river Serchio, 18 miles n of
Lucca, and 37 ssw of ModTT
Castei liadrigo, a town of Portugal,
in Bcira, 1 1 miles n of Pinhel.
Castei Rosso, an ifland in the Medi.
terranean, near the coaft of Caramania,
90 miles E of Rhodes. It is two milei
long, and has a fecure road and harbour
Lon. 29 21 E, lat. 36 7 N.
Cast 1 1 Snrosin, a town of Fi-ance, in
tlie department of Upper Garonne, 30
miles w N w of Toulou fe.
Caslel Vetere, a town of Naples, in
Calabria Ulteriore> 33 miles s of Scjuil.
lace.
Castei Vetrano, a town of Sicily, in
Val di Mazara. Here is a palace, in
which is a coniiderable collection of old
armour. It is eight miles e by N of Ma. |
zara.
Castelann, a town of France, in tlip 1
department of Rhine andMofelle, latt-ly
of Germany, in the county of Sponhdni,
It is 23 miles ssw of Coblentz.
Castellune, a town of France, in the
department of Lower Alps. Near it is
a fait fpring, from which the water iifues
in inch abimdance as to turn a mill at |
the very fource. It is feated on the
Vcrdon, in a hilly country, ao miles se ]
of DJgne.
Citslellanetta, a town of Naples, in
Terra d'Otranto, 19 miles vvnwoi|
Taranto.
C(i;:tcliara, a town of Italy, in the |
Maiituan, !ix miles ne of Mantua.
Ctt>hHlo)i, a town of Spain, in Ci.
taioiiia, at the mouth of a river in the I
gulf of Rofcs, eight miles w by sot'
Rofei^.
Caslclnnudarii, a town of France, in |
tl)(! department of Aude, on an eiri.
nence, at the foot of which is the grand I
b.ilin of the Canal Royal. It is 15 miles |
w of CaicafTone.
Caster, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Roer, lately of Germany,
in the duchy of Juliers ; feated on the]
river Eril, nine miles e of Juliers.
Casti-^leno, a town ofTufcany, int
Siennefe, on a lake of the fame name, J
which communicates with the fca, iiiidj
produces much fait. It is 12 miles sb]f|
i:of MafTa.
Castiglione, a fortified town of It.ily,
in the Mantuan, with a caftle. It wail
taken by the Auftrians in 1701 ; and the!
French defeated them near* it in ijodj
and again in 1796. It is ao miles nwj
of Mantua. I oii. ro 3a E, lat. 45 ^3 A
Casiih, the principal and moft opw-l
leot of the kingdoms iato which Spain |
;, with a ftroiij
ofCarfagnana,
ig miles at of
vn of Portugal,
inhel.
d in the Medi.
of Caramania,
[t is two miles
ad and harbour
J.
n of France, in
L*r Garonne, 30 1
n of Naples, in 1
miles s of Sciuil-
wn of Sicily, in
is a palace, in
coUedion of old |
;s E by N of Ma-
f France, in tlip 1
id Mofelle, latdy |
nty of Sponheini.
oblentz.
if France, in the I
Alps. Near it is I
;h the water iiFues I
to turn a mill at
is feated on the '
ntry, ao miles sb I
vn of Naples, in
miles vvNw oil
of Italy, in tlit |
of Mantua.
of Spain, in Ca-
of a river in the |
miles w by s
wn of France, in I
ude, on an cmi-
rhich is the grand I
al. It is 15 miles
ranee, inthede-
:ely of Gtrniany, 1
feated on the |
ofjuliers.
,fTufcany,intht
the lame name,!
.ith the ft-a, a"^l
[t is 12 mikssbjl
led town of Italy,
lacaftle. Itwatl
... .701 ; andthtl
neaf'it in iim
is so miles""
l2E,lat. 45234
|al and moft op^i-l
ato which Spa" I
s
CA S
was formerly divided. It nqw forms
the two provinces of Old and New Caf-
tiie ; the former having been recovered
from the Moors feme time before the
latter. , . , „ •
Qnt'ile, Old, a provmce of Spam,
I go miles long and no broad ; bounded
on the s by New Caftile, e by Arragon
and Navarre, n by Bifcay and Afturias,
and w by Leon. Burgos is the capital.
Casfilc, New, or Toledo, a province of
Spain, 200 miles long and liio broad;
bounded on the N by Old Caftile, e by
Arragon and Valencia, s by Murcia and
Andalulia, and w by Eftremadura. It
is divided into three parts ; Argaria to
the N, Mancha to the s, and Sierra to
the E. Madrid is the capital.
Casiillon, a town of France, in the
department of Gironde, feated on the
Dordogne, 25 miles E of Bourdeaux.
Vastine, a feaport of the diftrift of
Maine, chief town of Hancock county,
fituate on Penobfcot bay, 65 miles wsw
of Machias. Lon. 69 o w, lat. 44 26 N.
Castle Cary, a town in Somerfetfhire,
with a market on Tuefday, la miles se
of Wells, and 113 w by s of London.
Castk Rising, a borough in Norfolk,
governed by a mayor. The market is
now difufed, its harbour choked up,
and the caftle, whence it has its name,
is in ruins. It is feven miles ne of
Lynn, and 103 nste of London.
(Jastlebar, a town of Ireland, the moft
eonfulerable in the county of Mayo. It
has a great linen trade, and is 4a miles
N by w of Gal way. Lon. 9 44 w, lat.
53 46 N.
Castlccnmcr, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Kilkenny, fituate near ex-
tenfive coal-mines, 10 miles n of Kil-
kenny.
Cadlcdermot, a town of Ireland, in
thecinuityof Kildare, fcven miles se
of Athy.
Castlchaven, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Cork , with a caftle, fituate on
a bay to which it gives name, eight miles
KE of Baltimore.
Castlelon, a village in the peak of
Dt;rbyfliire, five miles n of Tidcfwell.
It is fituate at the foot of a rock above
2?ofect high, on which are the remains
of a caftle, afcribed to William Pevercl,
natural fon of the conqueror. Three of
the feven wonders of the peak arc in its
neighbourhood; the Devil's Cave, Mam
Tor, and Elden Hole. The firft is a
cavern in the rock abovementioncd,
whofe arched entrance is 4a feet high
and I JO wide, which becomes narrower
as it proceeds, and the roof defcends to
witiiiii two feet of the Airfacc of a
CAS
brook ; this being pafled over, another
large cavern fucceeds, with feveral high
openings in the roof, which defcends
again to a fecond brook ; after which k
athird cavern called Roger Rain's Houfe,
becaufe of the perpetual dropping : the
length of the whole cavern is 617 yards.
Mam Tor, a mile vv of the village, is a
mountain, 1300" feet above the level of
the valley, on the top and fides of which
is a camp, fuppofed to be Roman : it
overtops thi; whole Peak country ; and
the vulgar ftory is that this bill is con-
tinually crumbling, without being di-
minifhed. Elden Hole, a mile s of iVlam
Tor, is a perpendicular gulf or chal'm
in a limtftone rock, the depth of which
is unfathomable, its fides being fo very
flielving and irregular : it has been
plumbed from 19a to 295 yards, 40 of
which fcemed to be in water.
Castletown, the capital of the ifle of
Man, near the s coaft, with a rocky and
ftiallow harbour, which checks its com-
merce, and renders it inferior to Dou-
glas in moft refpeds. In the centre of
the town, on a high rock, is Caftle Ru-
fljcn, a magnificent pile, built of free-
ftone in 960, by Guttred, a prince of
the Danilh line, who lies buried in the
edifice. It is occupied by the governor
of the ifland, and on one fide of it are
the chancery offices, and good barracks.
Near the town is a fine quarry of black
marble, whence the fteps to St. Paul's
church, in London, were taken. Lun. 4
38 w, lat. 53 55 N.
C'nstres, a city of France, capital of
the department of Tarn, and lately an
epifcopal fee. In the reign of Lewis
XII I it was a kind of proteftant re-
public; but in 1639, its fortifications
were dcmolinied. It is the birthplace
of Rapin Thoyras and M. Dacier, has
a good trade, and contains 100,000 in-
habitants. In the vicinity turkois ftones
have been found. It is feated in a fine
valley, on the Agout, 36 miles R of
Touloule, and 73 ssE of Cahors. Lon.
a 14 E, lat. 43 36 >r.
Castries, Bay of, a bay on the nk
coaft of Chinete Tartary, in the ftrait
ofSaghalicn, vifitcdby Peroufe. Lon.
i/ja I E, lat. 51 29 N.
Castro, a town of Italy, in the patri-
mony of St. Petor, capital of a duchy
of its name. It is 56 miles nw of
Rome. Lon. u 54 e, lat. 4a 33 n.
(Jastro, a town of Naples, in Terra
d'Otranto, fix miUs ssv.' of Otranto.
Castro, a town of Chili, capital of
the ifland of Chiloe, with a caftle, which
commands the harbour. It is 180 raile'j
s of Valdivia. Lou. 75 5 w, lat- 4» 4 ^.
Cat
CnstrOf the ancient Mytilene, a fea-
port and capital ot the illand of Me-
telin, wit,h two harbours, one of which
will admit large vcflVls. Thtre are two
caflks, one ancient the other modern,
in each of which is a Ttukini governor
and commander. Confiderable veftiges
ftill remain of its former grandeur and
magnificence. The chief trade is fliip-
building. It is 30 miles s w of Aclramiti.
Lon, 26 39 E, lat. 39 14 N.
Cas/ro lie i'rdiales, a town of Spain,
in Bifcay, with a caftle and an avfenal,
on the feacoaft, zz miles nw of liilboa.
Castro Giacanni, a town of Sicily,
in Val di Demona. It was the ancient
£nna, famous for the worfhip of Ceres
and Proferpine. It is 40 miles w .f
C'atana.
Casfro Marim, a ftrong town of Por-
tugal, in Algarve, feated near the mouth
of the Gaudiana, 15 miles enk ofTa-
vira, and 62 s by e of Beja. Lon. 7
ao w, lat. .^7 la n.
Castro lieale, a town of Sicily, in Val
di Demona, 15 miles w of Mcflina.
Casiru Vcrdr^ a town of Portugal,
in Alentejo, on the Corbes, 18 miles
ssw of Ikja.
Caiiro I'ircgva, a town of Peru, in
the province of Guamanga, noted for
good tobi>cco and fine wool. It is 125
miles SE of Lima. Lon. 74 45 w, lat.
la 50 s.
Caslrop, a town of Wcftphalia, in
the county of Mark, feven miles w of
Dortmund.
Cailroi)iil, a town of Spain, in Af-
turias, 14 miles ne of Mondonedo.
Cat Island. See Gunnnhami.
Cafabdw, a town of S ^^'arolina, be-
longing to the Catabaws, the only In-
dian nation in that ftate. It is feated on
the river Catabaw, or Watcrct;, on the
boundary line between N and S Caroli-
na, 18 miles s of Charlotte.
Catalonia^ a province of Spain, 140
milee long and no broad; bounded on
the N by the Pyrenees, e and s by the
Mediterranean, and w by Arragon and
Valencia. It is full of mountains, co-
vered with foreft and fruit-trees \ abounds
iu wine, corn, and pulfe ; has quarries
of marble, and mines of lead, iron, and
coal. Barcelona is the capital.
Catania, a city of Sicily, in Val di
Noto, and a billiop's fce,with a univer-
lity, the only one in the ifland. The
church is the largeft in Sicily ; and the
principal ftreets are wide, and well
paved with lava. Here is a magnificent
convent, and a beautiful mufeum of
natural hiftory and antiques ; alfo large
rcniaius of a Koinun ampbitbeatre, jtud
CAT
many monuments of ancient fplendour.
By an eruption of Etvia in 1669, it was
almod totally deftroyed ; and, in 1693,
it was entirely fwa lowed up by an
earthquake, which buiit'd i8,oco prapk
in the ruins. It is fe'iti d :.u a gulf of
its name, at the mouth of the Indicelle,
53 miles sw of Mcflina. Lon. 15 9 e,
lat. 37 36 N.
Cafanzaro, a city of Naples, cr.pital
of Calabria Ulleriore, and the Tj cf
a bifliop. 'J'he chief maiufadiirc ii
lilks of various kinds, and th»"fe, with
corn and oil, are the principal art 'clts of
trade. It is feated on a mountain, near
tlie gulf of Squillace. 42 miles se of Co-
fenza. Lon. 16 48 e, lat. 39 o N-
Cataro, a town of Dalmatia, "with a
caftle, feated on a gulf of its name,
which forms two exti-nlive aqd feciire
harbours. The town is built at the ex-
tremity of the inner bafin, fiirrournlul
by rocks, and ftrongly fortified. It is
34 miles s of Scutari. Lon. 19 ij E,
lat. 42 12 N.
Catatocsay, or Iluglusltirg, a town
of Pennfylvania, in Northumberland
coimty, fitnate at the mouth of C.ita-
wefly creek, on the e branch of the
Sufquehanna, 2^ miles ene of Sun-
bury, and 100 Nw of Philadelphia.
Cafcaii. See Chateau C/iumhrr.-is.
Catena/ a gulf of the German ocean,
between Sweden and Dennv.rk, through
which the Baltic fea is entered by three
ftraits, called the Sourid, the Great
Belt, and the Little Belt.
Cal/iurhiiurg, a town of Siberia, ca-
pital of a province of the fame name,
in the government of Tobolfk. The
chief gold mines of Siberia are in its
vicinity, and above 100 founderics,
chiefly for copper and iron. It is IVat-
ed near the fourcc of the Ifet, 3 10 miles
wsw of Tobolfk. Lon. 61 25 lo lat-
56 45 N. .
Cdthariitcnslaf, a govt rnmcnt of the
Ruflian empire, divided into two pro-
vinces, namely, Cathariner.flaf, wliich
includes New Uufiia ; and the late f^o-
Ternment of Afoph, and Taurida, whick
includes the Crinifa.
(Jct/iarinftislaf, a town of Ruffia, ca-
pital of a government of the fame nnme.
It was built by the late etnprefs Catha-
rii'.e, and is featrid near the confluence
of the Kiltzin and Samara, 178 milej
NE of Chorfon. Lon. 35 15 k, lat. 4?
23 N^
Catharine, St. the principal ifland on
the coaft of the s part of lirafil, with a
harbour defended by feveial forts. It is
37 miles long, but not more tlian lix
bioad. Lon. 49 17 w^ lat- ^^ 35 '•
Ie, lat. 28 10 1
I lO.i.iieS NE
'ortluimbfiland
CA V
CalherloMgh. See Car low.
Catr.andu, a city of Hindoodan^ ca-
IpUalof Napaul, and once the capital
iofan independent kingdom. It has a
I royal palace, feveral grand temples, and
I »8,ooo houfes. It ftands on the w fide
[of '.'le river Napaul, 175 miles v of
Pati.a, and 445 £ of Delhi. Lon. 85 16
hjlat. 28 10 N.
I Caloclip, Cape, the ne promontory
|of Jucatan, where the Englifh adventii-
Irers from Jamaica firft attempted to cut
jiogwood. Lon. 86 30 Vv, lat. aa 10 n.
I Calrine, a village of Scotland, 14
Imili's E of Ayr, on the river Ayr. Here
lis a flouvifliing cotton manufa<5lure.
Cattack, a city of Hindooftan, capi-
Italof Oriflii, and a poft of confcquence,
[being on the only road between Bengal
land the Northern Circars. It is fur-
Irounded by walls, and ftands on an
lifland in the Mahanada, 220 miles sw
|of Calcutta. Lon. 86 i E, lat. 30 31 n.
Cutlcno, a town of Italy, in the Pa-
Iduan, five miles s of Padua.
Caftcrick, a village in W Yorklhire,
Inear Richmond. It has a bridge over
Ithe river Swale, and a Roman highway
jcrolTed the river here, on the banks of
Iwhich are the foundations of great
\m\\i, and a mount caft up to a vaft
height.
Culwyck, a village of S Holland, on
|the German ocean, near which the
fiver Rhine is loft in the fands. It is
[fix miles n by w of Leyden.
J Cutzenellenbogen, a town and caftle
|of Germany, in the circle of Upper
"Rhine, which gives name to a county.
The river Maine and late eledlorate of
Mentz divide the county into Upper
and Lower ; the former has Darmftadt
[for its capital, and the latter St. Goar.
The*., vn has an iron-mine near it, and
10 ii.ilea NE of St. Goar.
(Jaua, a town of Naples, in Prinsi-
pato Citeriore, at the foot of Mount
"/latelian, three miles w of Salerno.
Cavailton, a town of France, in the
department of Vauclufe ; lately an epif-
Icopal fee, and fubjedt to the pope. It
fi leated on the Durance, ao miles se
pf Avignon.
Cavalerif an illand in the Archipelago,
between the sw point of the illand of
wgropont and the continent of Greece.
Lon. 24 17 E, lat. 38 7 N.
CVii'un, a cwmty of Ireland, in the
province of Ultter, 47 miles long and
1:,^ broad j bounded on the w by Lei-
Irim, N by Fermanagh and Monaghan,
^ by the latter county and Louth, and
shy Longford, W Meath, and E Meath.
Pt fends two members to parliament,
C A V
is divided into^o pariihes, and Contains
about 81,570 mhabitants. The linea
manufacture is carried on here to a great
extent. ,^
Cavattf a borough of Ireland, capital
of the county of Cavan, 60 miles n w of
Dublin. Lon. 7 23 w, lat. 54 5s K;
Cauh, a town of Germany, in the
late palatinate of the Rhine, with a
citadel ; feated on the Rhine, two miles
N by E of Bacharach.
Caucasia, a government of Afiatic
Ruflia, divided into the two provinces
of Aftracan and Caucaiia. The pro-
vince of Caucafia comprifes the Cuban,
and all that diltrift to the e and s, now
in the pofleflion of Ruflia, between the
rivers Don and Cuban, and between the
Black fea and the Cafpian, extending as
far as the confines of Georgia.
Caucasus, a chain of mountains, the
highcft in Afia, extending from the
mouth of the Cuban, in the Black fea,
to the mouth of the Kur, in the Cafpian.
Their tops are always covered with
fnow ; and the lower parts abound in
honey, corn, wine, fruits, gum, hogs»
and horned cattle. The Caucanan
mountains are inhabited by feven dif-
tinft nations, each fpeaking a different
language : namely, the Turcomans, the
Abkhas, the Circaftians, the Ofli, the
Kifti, the Lefgius, and the Georgians.
Caudehec, a town of France, in the
department of Lower Seine, furrounded
by walls, at the foot of a mountain, near
the Seine, 18 miles nw of Rouen.
Catidhully, a town of Hindooftan, in
the province of Coimbetore. It is the
iirft place of any note above the Guilts,
and a principal thoroughfare between
the country below and that above thofe
mountains. The inhabitants are chiefly
traders. It is 60 miles se of Seringa-
patam.
Cavcripatuam, a town of Hindooftan,
in the Carnatic, feated on the Pennar,
80 miles wsw of Arcot.
Caver I/, a confiderable river of Hin-
dooftan, vv'hich rifes among the weftern
Gauts, flows by SeringapaLim , Bhawa-
nikudal, and Tritchinopoly, and enters
the bay of Bengal, by a wide delta of
mouths, which embraces the province of
Tanjor,'.
Cuvcte, a feaport on the \v coaft of
the iflandof Luconia. See MajiilUi,
Canp;man/, a town of Hindooftan, in
Bengal, 30 miles nw of Dacca, and 146
N e of Calcutta.
Caviana, an ifland of S America, at the
mouth of the river Amazon, 99 miles
in circumference, and of a trianguhir
form, with its bafe to the ocean. It li«a
K
CAY
under the eqninodlial liiw, in Ion. 50
so w.
Canne, a town of France, in the
department of Tarn, jo miles ene of
Caftres.
CnutcreSf a village of France, in the
department of Upper Pyrenees, noted
for its mineral water, 18 miles sw of
Bagnerea.
C'at6'oo(/, a village in E York (hire, on the
river Oufe, i s miles s of York. Here are
the ruins of a very ancient caftle, a ma-
nufadture for hop- bagging, and a good
ferry over the river.
Caxamarca, a town of Peni, capital
of a territory of its name. Here the
Spanifh general Pizarro, in 153 s, per-
fidioufly feized the inca, Atahualpha,
and the next year, after a mock trial,
caufed him to be publicly executed. It
is 70 miles ne of Tnixillo. Lon. 78
30 w, lat. 7 ^z^.
Caxton, a town in Cambridgefliire,
with a market on TiJcfdny, 10 miles w
by s of Cambridge, and 49 n of London.
Cuyahoga, a river of the date of Ohio,
tvhich runs n into Lake Eric, in Ion.
8a ao w, and has an Indian town of the
fame name on its banks. It is deep
enough to receive large floops from the
lake ; and is navigable for boats to its
fource, whence there is only a portage
of one mile to the Tufcarawa branch of
the Muikingum, which isalfo navigable,
and runs s into the Ohio, at Marietta.
Cayambay a town of Peru, in the pro-
vince of Quito, 30 miles n e of Quito.
Cayenne, a rich town and illand on
th% coaft of Guiana, capital of the
FWch fettlements there, bounded on
the w by the Dutch colony of Surinam.
The ifland is about 50 miles in circum-
ference, feparated from the continent
by a very narrow channel. The fur-
face is low and mnrihy, and covered
with forefts. Cayenne pepper, fugar,
coffee, and the Angularly eialtic gum
called Caoutchous, are the principal
commodities. The I' rcnch fettled here
in 1615, but left it in 1654, 3"^ 't was
fucceffively in the poireflion of the En-
glifh, French, and Dutch ; but the lat-
ter were expelled by tin.; French in 1677.
Lon. 53 ij^v, lat. 4 56 n.
Cayicijy a town of Uiafil, in the go-
vcniment of Para, near the mouth of
the Cataypera, 105 miles ne of Para.
Lon. 48 12 w, lat. o 56 s.
Cai/uga, a lake of New York, in
Onandago county, t,^ miles lor^T and
two broad. It lies nine milej r, of Se-
neca lake, and empties, at its N end,
into Seneca river.
-■ ^oyugUf a toyn of New York, in
C EL
Onandago county, on the E fide ofj
lake of the fame name, 60 miles ssw gf
Ofwego. Lon. 76 48 w, lat. 44 30 ».
Cazimir, a town of Little Poland, ig
the palatinate of Lublin, feated on the
Viftula, 80 miles e of Zarnaw. Log,
ai 3 E, lat. 5! o N.
Cedar Creek, a water of James rirer,
in Virginia, in the county of Rock,
bridge ; remarkable for its natunj I
bridge, on the afcent of a hill, whid
feems to have been cloven through its
length by fome great convuliwn. Tht |
tilTure at the bridge is 250 feet deep,
45 wide at the bottom, and 90 at the I
top. This bridge gives name to tlxl
county, and affords a commodious pjf. I
fage over a valley, which cannot be
crofled elfewhere for a cont;denble|
diflance.
Cedar Point, a feaport of Maryland, I
in Charles county. The exports are
chiefly tobacco and maize. It is feated
on the Potomac, la miles below Port I
Tobacco, and 40 s by e of Wafliinjrtoi. [
Cedogna, a town of Naples, in Prin.!
cipato Ulteriore, at the foot of the|
Apennines, ao miles nne of Conza.
Ci'J'alonia, an ifland in the Mediter-
ranean, on the coaft of Livadia, op- 1
pofite the gulf of Lepanto. It 1341
miles long and from 10 to ao brojd,l
fertile in oil and mufcadine wine. It I
forms a part of the republic of Seven I
Iflands. The capital is of the fane I
name, on the s£ coaft. Lon. ao 56 u
lat. 38 la N.
Crfalu, a feaport of Sicily, inValdil
Demona, and a biOiop's fee, withal
caftle; feated on a promontory, 40I
miles E by s of Palermo. Lon. ijjll|
E, lat. 38 15 N.
('I'lann, a town of Naples, in Abni2.|
zo Ulteriore, near a lake of the famej
name, 30 miles in circumference. ltil|
15 miles s of Amiila.
Celebts, or Macassar, an ifland ill
the Indian ocean, to thj E of Borneo.|
It is 560 miles from n to s, but dividi
into various port ionsby large bays,fotbitj
the breadth is commonly not above Jtl
miles. The e fide of the ifland is fome-j
times called Celebes, -luf} t!-.e w Jtl
caflar ; but in general the former naitiej
is given to the whole ifland. Itlial
under the line; but the best is moden-f
ted by the n wind?, and the raiml
which conftantly fall five days l>efort|
and after tiie full moon, and diniiig u'
two months that the fun is r'.^rlyvif-
tical. The prodUds are miiize, rittj
fago, cocoa-nuts, pompions. bladi
pepper, caliivances or beau;, muor*l
plaiUainiii,: mangoes^ oranges, Itwul
C E R
pinest Sec There are alfo numerous
poifonous trees and plants ; and with
the juice of the notorious upas, the na-
tives often poifon their lances and ar-
rows. It is well flocked with horfes,
buffalos, cattle, deer, fheep, goats,
hogs, cats, and monkies. Cotton grows
in great abundance. In the middle of
the ifland are mountains, almoft inac-
ceflible, in which are quarries of excel-
lent ftone and marble, and mines of
cold, copper, and tin. The natives are
Mahomttans, confifling of feveral na-
tions or tribes, and the^ bed foldiers in
thefe parts. They are (hort and thick
fet, have a flattilh face, but not thick
lipi, and their colour is of a reddilh
yellow : their manners are not graceful ;
and they are revengeful and jealous.
The Dutch have fome fettlements on the
coafts, of which the chief is Macaffar.
Cell, or Marien Cille, a town of
Stiria, with a celebrated abbey, feated
ontheSaltza, 17 miles nne of Bruck.
Ceneda, a town of Italy, in Trevi-
fano, 18 miles n o£ Trevifo.
Cenjn, a mountain of the Maritime
Alps, in Savoy, which is a noted paf-
fage to Turin.
Centrevitle, a town of Maryland,
chief of Queen Ann county, 18 miles s
ofChefter, and 95 ssw of Philadelphia.
Ceram, an ifland, one of the Moluc-
!cas, 180 miles long and 50 broad. It
is mountainous and woody ; and the
I fago tree forms a confiderable article of
export. It is fubjecS to the fultan of
Bachian. Along the coaft the Dutch
I have had influence and power to deftroy
[theclovetrees. Lon. is7toi3o E,lat.3S.
Cirdagna, a country on the Pyrenees,
[partly in Spain, in the province of Ca-
jtalonia, and partly in France, in the
jdepartmentofEaftern Pyrenees. Puy-
Icerda is the capital of the Spanifti part,
land Mont Louis of the French.
Cere, St. a town of France, in the
|department of Lot, 37 miles ne of
tahors, and 75 sse of Limoges.
Cerenza, a town of Naples, in Ca-
pabria Citeriore, feated on a rock, 10
niles N by w of Severino.
Ceret, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Eaftern Pyrenees, with a
nagnificent bridge of one arch over the
Pet. Here the commiflioners of France
Jind Spain met, in 1660, to fettle the
limits of the two kingdoms. In 1794,
he French defeated the Spaniards near
Ihistown. It is 14 miles wsw of Per-
|)ignan.
Cerii;nota, a town of Naples, in Ca-
►itanata, celebrated by Horace for its
p«ellent bread, Ncir this town i« the
C E S
ancient Salapia, the ruins of which are
ftill called Salpe. It is so miles s of
Manfredonia.
Cerigo,&n ifland in the Mediterranean
fea, to the.s of the Morea, formerly
known by the name of Cythera. It is
45 miles in circumference, full of moun-
tains, and forms part of the republic of
Seven Iflands. It has a town of the
fame name, with a caftle on a fharp
rock, and a fmall harbour. Lon. 22 44
E, lat. 36 14 N.
Cct'lly, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Allier, ft-ven miles w of
Moulins, and 1 1 s of Boiirges.
Ccrinci-f a feaport of Cyprus, and a
Greek bifliop's fee, with a caftle on an
immenff rock. The chief exports arc
barley, filk, cotton, oil and carob beans.
It is 20 miles nw of Nicofia. Lon. 31
S5 E, lat. 35 45 N. .
Cerne Abbey, a town in Dorfetfhire,
with a market on Wednefday. It is
furroundcd by high chalk hills, and on
the fide of one of them is cut the figure
of a man, 180 feet in height, holding a
club in his right hand, and extending
the other. Here was formerly a ftately
abbey, and part of its remains is now
converted into a houfe and barn. It is
feated on the river Cerne, fevei) miles
NNW of Dorchefter, and lao w by s of
London.
Cernetz, a town of SwiflTerland, in the
canton of Grifons,with a mineral fpring;
feated on the river Inn, 24 miles sf of
Coire.
Cerrilo, a town of Naples, in Terra
di Lavoro, with a cathedral and colle-
giate church, five miles nne of Tdt'fa.
Ccrtoaa, a town of Italy, in the Mi-
lanefe, with a celebrated Carthufian mo-
naftery, five miles n of Pavia.
Cervrra, atown of Spain, in Catalonia,
with a univerfity, 34 miles n by w of
Tarragona. — Another, on the borders
of France and the Mediterranean, eight
miles N of Rofes.
Cervia, a town of Italy, in Romag-
na,, feated near the gulf of Venice,
whence canals are cut tu admit fea
water, from which much fait is made.
It is 10 miles SE of Ravenna.
C'ervinara, a town of Naples, in Prin-
cipato Ulteriore, i a miles swofBene-
vento.
Ccscna, a town of Italy, in Romagna,
foated on the Savio, i8 miles s by e of
Ravenna.
Cescnaticn, a feaport of Italy, in Ro-
magna. In 1800, the inhabitants having
arrcfted a melfijngqr with c'ifp.atches, the
Englifli fot fire to the moles oi the
harbour, and doftroyed 16 veCTtls. It
K 2
CElt
is feated on the gulf ot Ven' jc, i6 miles
iiE of R.ivcnna.
CessiciUf a town of France, in the
department of Ifcre, a; miles Ese of
Lvon.
Cciecf a feaport of France, in the de-
partnicnt of Herault, feated at the place
where the canal of Languedoc ter-
minates in the Mediterranean fea, i8
miles ssw of Montpellier. Lon. 34%
E, lat. 43 24 N.
Ceva, a town of Piedmont, with a
fort. It was taken by the French in
1796, and retaken by the Piedmontefe
peafants in i799> It ftands on the
Tanaro, eight miles se of Mondovi.
Cvveinies, 3 late territory of France,
in the province of Languedoc. It is a
mountainous country, and now forms
the department of Gard.
G'M/rt, a feaport of the kingdom of
Fez, and a bifhop's fee. It belongs to
Spain, and is feated on the ftrait of
Gibraltar, 140 miles nnw of Fez. Lon.
5 JO w, lat. 35 50 N.
t'lj/lorif an illand of the E Indies,
feparated from the se point of Hindoo-
ftan, by Palk ftrait and the gulf of Ma-
naar. It is s8o miles in length and 140
in its greateft breadth, nearly refem-
bling a ham in jfliape, the narrow part
to the N ; and hence the peninfula of
Jafnapatam was called Hamftieel by the
Dutch. The flat trads on tiie coaft,
covered with rich fields of rice, are
bounded by groves of cocoa-nut trees,
and the profped ufually terminated by
woods, which cover the fides of moun-
tains. The E coaft is bald and rocky,
and the k part is every where indented
with inlets of the fea. The interior
parts abound with ftecp and lofty moun-
tains, covered with thick forefts, and
full of almoft impenetrable jungles; but
there are fertile vallics. The woods
and mountains completely firround the
dominions of the king of Candy, and
are a natural barrier againft his foreign
•nemies. The moft lofty range of
mountains divide the ifiand nearly into
two parts, .ind terminate completely
the effects of the monfoons, which fet
in pcrioilically from oppofite fides of
tht-m. The feafons are more regulated
by the motifoons than the coi'rfe of the
fun; for the cooloft feafon is during the
fummer folftice, while the weftern mon-
foon prevails. Spring commences in
Odober, and the hotteft feafon is from
January to the beginning of April. The
climate, on the coaft, is more temperate
than on the continent of Hindoot*^un;
but in the interior of the country the
iie*t is many degrees greater, and the
CE Y
clhnate often extremely fultry snd us.
hcilthy. The moft cotmderabie moiin.
tain is called Hamalell, or Adam's PcaV,
and is of a pyi-amidlcal form, near the
middle of the ifland. On its top is ]
Iflige ftat ftone, with an impreflion on it
in the fliapc of a man's foot, but con.
h'erably longer. The Cingalefe have
a tradition thatBudha the greai author
5 their religion, left the print of his |
foot on this ftone when he afcended
into heaven. Moft of the nvers in the
ifland take their rife in the middle range
of mountains and the two largeft are (
the Mnli.agonga and the Mulivaddy.
The rivers, although fmooth at their I
outlets into the fea, are feldom naviga.
ble to any great diftance, for on entering
the mountains they become rocky and
rapid, fiefide the rivers, with which
the ifland abounds, there are manylakci
and canals communicating witli theni,
In fome places there are rich mineu
whence are procured rubies, fapphires, |
topazes, and other ftones of lefs valiisi
alfo iron, copper, and black lead. It is I
remarkable for abundance of cinnamonij
and in the kingdom of Candy is plenty I
of very large cardamons. The peppprl
here is fo good, that it fells dearer than I
that of other places. Two fpcciescfl
the bread-fruit tree are indigenous t»|
this ifland ; one of which is ufed bytlitl
Cingalefe as bread, and, in tlmw ofl
fcarcity, inftead of rice. One of tbel
moft remarkable trees in Ceylon is tlie|
tallipot, which ^rows ftraight and 1
and is as big as the maft of a fhip: tlie|
leaves are fo large as to cover 15 men;,
when dt-ied, they are round, and fold iipl
like a fap. The natives wear a piccti
of the leaf on their .head when the;|
travel, to fllade them from the fun, i
they are fo tough that they are noti
eafily torn. Every foldier carries onJ
and it fcrves for his tent. Of theaiii.|
mal tribes, this ifland is famous furitil
elephants, which are more efteemeil
than any others in the Indies; and ill
abounds with buffalos, goats, hogs,dmJ
hares, dogs, jackals, monkies, tigm,!
and bears. It has a great variety oil
birds, fome of Which are not to bv 1
with in other places ; alfo very dan^-Tl
ous ferpcnts, fome of them faid tobeul
a prodigious fize, and ants which doij
great deal of milchief. The aboriginal
of Ceylon confift of two claflcs of i
pie, the Cingalefe and the Vadd3l»|
The latter are ftill in the rudeft ftaged
focial life ; they live embofomed in t'
woods, or in the hollows of the inoui
tains; hunting their fole cmployroenil
and providing for the day their oolfl
E Y
remcly fultry and un.
)ft confiderabie monn.
lalell, or Adam's PeaV,
[nidical form, near the
and. On its top i> i
ithanimprefliononit
a man's foot, but con.
The Cingalcfe have
ludha the greai author
1, left the print of his
nis when he afcendfd
[oft of the nvcrs in tht
rife in the middle range
nd the two largeft are
a and the Mulivaddif.
dough fmooth at their
fea, are feldom naviga.
diftance, for on enterinj
they become rocky and
the rivers, with whid
ids, there are many lak«
imunicating with thcnt,
» there arc rich mines,
»cured rubies, fapphires,
:her ftones of left valiisi
or, and black load. It is
abundance of cinnamon;
Tdom of Candy is plenty
:ardamons. The pepper
1, that it fells dearer than
places. Two fpeciesoi
t tree are indigenous t»
eof whichisufedbytlie
bread, and, in times of |
id of rice. One of
jlc trees in Ceylon is tlit
i ^rows ftraight and tall,!
isthemaftof alhip: thel
arge as to cover 15 mei;
ey are round, and fold up
^he natives wear a pica
A their Jiead when ttic)
[e them from the fun, m
ough that they are not
Every foldier carries ont,
[for his tent. Oftheaoi.
s ifland is famous for it)
ich are more efteemei
■rs in the Indies; andil
puffalos, goats, hogs.deet,
Kackals, monkies, um
It has a- great variety ot
■ which are not to K m
jplaces ; alfo very daii,"tj
romeofthemfaidtobeu
rue, and ants which doi
nilchief. The aboriginfl
lift of two claflcs of H
■ak-lc and the VaddaW
ftill in the rudeft ftagtfl
.»y live embofomed intK
[he hollows of the mouri
their fole cmploymenM
for the day their onil
CH A
Icare Some of them acknowledge the
lauthority of the king of Candy; and
exchange with the Cmgalefe elephants
teeth and deer fleOi, for arrows, cloth,
IScc. but this practice is not general, for
two-thirds of them hold no communi-
cation with the Cingalefe, and have an
uttor antipathy to ftrangers. They
worihip a particular god; and their re-
ligious dodlrine feems to confift of
Ifome indiftinA notions of the funda-
[mental principles of the Braminical
[faith. In fome places they have eredl-
led temples ; but for the moft part they
Iperforni worfhip at an altar conftruded
|of bamboos, under the fliade of a ban-
yan-tree. The Cingalefe are the fub-
iiUs of the king of Candy, and appear
[to have been, beyond time of memory,
race of Hindoos, inftrufted in all the
_t8 of civil life, nearly in as high a
legree as the nations of the neighbour-
jlng continent. They are pagans ; and,
though they acknowledge a fupreme
Bou, they worfhip only the inferior
leities, among ^yhich they reckon the
fun and moon. In their temples are
images, well executed, though their
figures are monftrous ; fome are of fil-
ter, copper, Sec The 'liflerent forts
jf gods have various priefts, who have
;ill fome privileges. Their houfes are
fmall .ind low, with walls made of hur-
lics, fmoothly covered with clay, ^ and
^he roofs thatched. They have no c'um-
nips, and their fnrniture is only a few
earthen vedelsj with two copper bafins,
>nd twa or three ftools ; none but the
(ing being allowed to fit in a chair.
Their food is generally rice, and their
to nmon drink is water, which they pour
[nlo t'lLir mouths out of a veflel like a
|ea-pot, through the fpout, never toucl»»
jug it with their lips There arc ibme
jnlcriptiiMis on the rocks, which inuft
Vvery ancient, for tli<y are not under-
lond by ,iiiy of the"pri;f:;:it inhabitants.
The PortugUffe wen: the firft Euro-
peans who fettled oii this Ifland; but
[he Dutch foou dnwc them awaVy and
jftibliihi'd thcmfelves on all the ;)rlnci-
mI places along the coaft. In 1796,
»olumbo, the Dutch capital, ftirren-
Itrcd to the Eiiglilh, who continue
bflflefll'd of all the fettlemeiits on the
parts, the principal of which are Co-
imbo and 'IVincomale. See Candy.
Ckilai'i, a fertile province of Savoy,
[oundcd on the n by the lake of Ge-
jera, e by Vallais, s by Faucigny, and
' by the Genev * ). Thonun is the
apital.
ChaHis, a town of France, in the de-
fartment of Yonne, celebrated for its
C H A
excellent white wine. It is n miles e
by N of Auxerre.
CViacapot/as, a town of Paru, in the
province of Truxillo, capital of a dif-
tria lying ■ of the Andes. It is featcd
on a river, 160 ^niles nne of Truxillo.
Lon. 77 30 w, lat. 6 lo s.
Cnagaing, a city of Birmah, with a
fmall fort. It is the principal empo-
rium for cotton, which is brought from
all par's of the country, and embarked
here for the China market. Here alfo
is the only manufadlure of marble idols,
whence the whole Birman empire is
fupplled; none being allowed to be
made in any other place. It is fituate
oppofite Ava, the deferted capital, on
the N fide of tho Irrawaddy, which
here turns n and parts it from Ummera-
poora, the prefent capital.
Chagrc, a town and fort of Terra
Firma, in the province of Darien, at
the mouth of a river of its name, to the
sw of Porfo Bello. The fort was taken
by admiral Vernon in 1 740. Lon. 8017
W, lat. 9 TO N. -
C/iaiit Dicii, a town of France, in the
department of Upper Loire, with a
celebrated Benedidine abbey, iz miles
E of Brioude.
Chalcur Jiiv/y a vaft inlet on the w
fide of the gulf of St. Lawrence, pene-
trating a great many leagues between
Lower Canada and New Brunfwick.
It receives feveral rivers, the principal
of which is the Riftigouche, at its head.
Along the coafts are numercHis inhabit-
ants, whofe occupation is fiihing and
Ihip-building.
Chalfordy a village in Gloucefterihire,
two miles .se of Stroud. It ftands on
tht Stroud canal, and has a confiderabie
manufacture of broad cloth.
ChdUans, a town of France, in the
department of Vendee, ji miles n of
Sables d'Olonne.
Cluilons sur Mtirnc, a city of France,
capital of the department of Marne,
and lately an epifcopal fee. It contains
16,000 inhabitants, who carry on a con-
fiderabie trade in (h.-illoons and other
woollen (tutfs. Here is an academy of
the fciences, arts, and belles-lettres.
Chalons is feated on the rivers Marne,
Mau, and Nau, 95 miles e of Paris.
Lon. 4 21 E, lat. 48 1; 7 N'.
Chtiluns sur ^aone, a city of France,
in the department of Saone and iioirt,',
with a citadel, and lately an epifcopal
fee. It is the ftaple of iron for Lyon
and St. Etienne, and of the wines fr.r
exportation. Here are various indica-
tions of Roman magnificence, parti-
cularly the. ruins of an arophitheatrr*.
C H A
Thf city contains the old towni the
new town, and the fuburb of St. Law-
rence. In the iirft is the court of juf-
tice, .ind the cathedral. Chalons is
feated on the Saone, 33 miles e by s of
Autun. Lon. 4 51 b, lat. 46 47 n.
ClialuSf a. town of France, in the
department of Upper Vienne, with a
cffiftle. Richard i of England, 'while
preparing to befiege this place, received
9 wound in his flioulder, by an arrow,
>yhich proved mortal. It is 15 miles
W8W of JLimoges.
CAdw, a town of Bavarv feated rw
the river Cham, at its coi; n nc ..>
the Regen, a; miles ne of Ri ."^ \
CkamLfrsbuis;, a town o. I'ijjviiy.
vania, chief of Franklin cour'v.. v/i'i.
two prefbyterian churches, fitu^.v; in a
hilly country, 30 miles sw of Carlille.
Lon. y; 41 w, lat. 39 56 n.
Chumhery, the capital of Savoy, with
a caftle, and a ducal palace. It is for-
tified by walls and ditches, and water-
ed by m my ftreams, which run through
feveral of the ftreets. There are piazzas
under moft of the houfes, where peo-
ple may Avalk dry in the word weather.
It has large and handfome fuburbs ; and
in the neighbourhood are feme baths,
much frcqucntcil in fummer. In 1742
the Spaniard? made themfelves mailers
of this capita', but it was reftored by
the peace of 1748. It was taken in
179a by the French, who were difpof-
feffed of it in 1799, but regained it in
1800 It is feated at the conflux of the
Lefle and Orbane, 27 miles ne of Gre-
noble, and 85 Nw of Turin. Lon. 5 50
«> 'at. 45 3j'n-
(jliamhlyy a fort of Lower Canada,
on the river Chambly, or Sorel, ifluing
from Lake Champlain. It was taken
by the Americans in 1775, and retaken
by the Englifh in 17/^. It is 15 miles
E of Montreal; ^xiA a little higher on
the fame river is the fort of St. John,
which is a frontier garrifon.
Ciiamond, St, a town of Francci in
the department of Rhone with a caftle
on the river Giez, 17 miles s of Lyon.
Clidinpagne, a late province of France,
j6a miles long and iia broad; bound-
ed on the N by Hain:iult ajul Luxem-
burg, E by Lorrain and Franche Comte,
5 by Burgundy, and w by the Ifle of
France and Soi/ibnncis. It now forms
the departments of Ardennes, Aube,
iVlarne, and Uppei Marne-
Chu7npi'ain, a like of N America,
which divides the N part of the ftate of
New Yurk from that of Vermont. It is
90 lailis It-rg, and 18 in its broadeft
part; the mean width ie about fix miles,
C H A
and its depth is fufficient for the lai^eS
veflel. It contains many iflands, tie
principal of which, callecl North Hero,
IS 24 miles long, and from two to foa|
wide. It receives the w.iters of Lake
George from the ssw, and fends iti
own waters a n courfe, through Cham.
bly river, into the St. Lawrence. The
land on its borders, and on the banks of I
its rivers, is good. In 1777, a naval en.
gagement was fought on this lake be.
tween the Britifh under general Carl-
ton, and the Americans under general I
is mold, in which the latter were totally
defeated.
Ciiamplahi, a town of New York, in
Clinton county, fitnate on Lake Cham.
plain, near its n extremity, 80 miles »
• . '^rown Point.
c amplemy, a town of France, in th
department of Nievre, near the fource |
of the Nievre, aj miles nne of Ne.
vers.
C/ianda, a town of Hindooftan, in I
Berar, feated on a branch of the God.
avery, 78 miles s of Nagpour. Lon. 79
54 E, lat. 20 a N.
Clianderee, a town of Hindooftan,
capital of a diftrid in the Malwacoun.
try, near the river Betwha. It is the
refidence of a rajah, and 170 miles s.of
Agra. Lon. 78 43 e, lat. a4 48 n.
Chanderna^orc, a town of Hindooftan,
in Bengal. It was the principal French
fettlement in the E Indies, and hadi
ftrong fort, which was deftroycd by the
Englifliin 1757; and in 1793, they again
difpoflefled the French of this fettle,
ment. It isfeated on the w fide of th{ |
Hoogly, 15 miles N of Calcutta.
Chandor, a town of Hindooftan, in I
the country of Baglana, taken by the
Englifli in 1804. It is 90 milcswNwotj
Aurungabad. Lon. 74 38 t,lat.so8s.[
Cfimidraguti, a town of Hindooftan,
in Myfore, with a fort on a high peakejl
hill. The vicinity produces fand?l wood I
of a good quality. It is feated near the I
Varada, on the confines of the country, I
4a miles N of Nagara. [
Chang-hai, a town of China, in thtj
province of Kiang-nan. It this town,!
and the villages dependent on it, are!
more than 200,000 weavers of cnttoa|
cloth. It is 18 miles se of Song-kiarij
Chanmanning, a city of Tibet, whickl
has been the refidence of the grard
lama. It is 130 miles w of L^fla. Lon."
89 45 E, lat. 31 o N.
Cnanonry. See Fortrose.
Chan- si, one of tha fmalleft province! I
of China, bordering on the great wall. I
It is full of mountains, fome of which |
are uninhabited, and have a wild a
of Hindooftan,
C H A
frightful appearance; but the reft are
cultivated with care, and cuf into ter-
races from top to bottom. It CDiitains
jive cities of the firft daft, and 8j of
the fecond and thirci. The capital is
Xai-yuen.
Chantilli/, a town of France, in the
department of Oife, celebrated for a
gi-cat pottery ; alfo for a fine foreft and
magnificent huntinp-feat, which lately
belonged to the prince of Cond^. It is
17 miles N by K of Paris
Ciia»-totig, a province of China, on
the eaftem coaft. It contains fix cities
of the firft ciafs, and 114 of the fecond
and third ; befide which there are along
the coaft feveral forts and villages of
confiderable note on account of their
commerce, and a number of final! iflands,
the greater part of which have very
convenient harbours. This province
has large manufajdtnres of lilk, and a
kind of ftufTs peculiar to this part of
China. It is traverfed by the imperial
canal. The capital is TfMian.
Chao-kingi a city of China, in the
province of Tche-kiang, which has eight
cities of the third rank under its jurif-
didion. It is 730 miles s by e of Peking,
IiOn. ISO 38 E, lat. 30 10 N".
Chao.tcheo, a city of China.- in the
province of Qiiang-tong, fitnate be-
tween two navigable rivers, and cele-
brated for a monaftery of the bronzes in
its neighbourhood. It is 140 miles n
of Canton. Lon. 113 lo e, lat. 25
(JN.
Chaparang, or Dsaprong, a city of
Tibet, feated on the fouthern head of
the Ganges, 90 miles weftward from the
lake Manfaroar, whence that branch is
fiippofed to t.nlce its rife. It is 160
miles NNE of Sirinagur. Lon 79 a» e,
lat. 33 10 N.
Cliapel mil, a town of N Carolina,
in Orange county, with a univerlity
eftablilhed by the flate ; feated on an
eminence, 20 miles nw of Ralegh.
Cliaiicl in ir J'riffi, a town in Dcrby-
fhire,with a mark -t on Thurfday ; feat-
ed on the confines of the Peak, 17
miles SE of Manchefter, and 167 ^'Nw
of London.
Charaion, a feaport on tlu? m coa.il
of Java, in a country thai products
much rice, fugar, cofT'ee, pepper, cot-
ton, &c. which the Dutch purchnfe at
alow rate. It is 130 miles e of Batavia.
ton. 109 4 E, lat 65 s,
Cliaram, a fertile country of Ufbec
Tartar)', bounded on the n by Turke-
ftan, E by Bokharia, .s by Choiafan, and
W by the Cafpian fea. It is divided
ifijong feveral Tartarian pringcs, of
G H A
whom one takes the title of fchan, with
a degree of preeminence over the reft.
Khira is the capital, and the ufual refi-
dence of the khan in winter, but dur-
inp the fummer, he generally encamps
on the bank;, of the river Amu.
CharLorougfi, a village in Dorfetfhire,
fix miles sse of Blandford. In the
grounds of a gentleman's feat here, is
the houfe where the plan of the glorious
revolution of 1688 was concerted.
CliaiTUH, an audience of Peru, includ-
ing feveral provinct'S, in which are the
fiueft filvcr mines in the world. Plata
is the capital. See Polosi.
C/inrci, a town in Somerfetfliire, with
a market on Monday. It ftands pre-
eminent over ?11 the country between
the two fcas; and has a copious ftream»
which might be eafily conduced in a
diredion oppofite that which it now
takes. It is is miles sse of Taunton,
and 139 w by s of London.
C/uncnte, a department of France,
including the late province of Angou-
mois. It is named from a river, which
riles in Limofin, and runs byAngoulefme
and Saintes into the bay of Bifcay. An-
goul(;fme is the capital.
Charenle, Lower, a department of
France, confifting of the two late pro-
vinces of Aunis and Saintonge. Saintes
is the capital.
Chnreiilon, a town of France, in the
department of Paris, once famous for its
proteftant church. It ftands on the
river Seine, four miles s of Paris.
Cliaritc. a town of France, in the de-
partment of Nievre, with manufactures
of woollen and hardware. Here is a
priory of Benediftine Cluniftes, whjch
once, in a feafon of fcarcity, fubfifted
the whole town by its bounty; and
hence it derives its name. It is fe.ated
on the Loire, 15 mihis n by w of Ne-
vers.
Charkow. See Kliarkof.
Charlemonl, a borough of Ireland,
in' the county of Armagh, feated on the
river Blackwater, fix miles s of Dun-
gannon.
C/uirlcmonf, a fortified town of France,
in the department of Ardennes ; feated
on a craggy mountain, by the river
Mcnfe, zo miles ne of Rocroy.
Cliarlcroy, a town of the Nether-
lands, in the county of Namwr. It has
h('i;n often taken, the laft time by the
French in 1794. It is feated on thp
Sambrc, 18 miles w of Namur.
. (Jharli:s, Cape, a promontory of Vir-
iinia, on the n fide of Chefapeak bay.
'<>"• 75 50 ^'^» hit- 37 12 N.
C/tarUff Cape, a promontory on the
C R A
it^wrt of the ftrait entering into Hud-
fan bay. I on. 75 15 w, Lit. <S: 10 n.
Churlfston, a diltriot of S Carolina,
which lies bftwt^en Smtw and Com-
bahee rivers. The city af Charlefton is
the capital.
Charksion, a city and ftaport of S
Carolina, tiL-emed the; capital of the
Aatf, though the feat of guvemnn-nt iit
jir Columhia. It is a pla.:<* of goo. I
trade; and lias an cxch.iPfe, an av-
mrrty, a-id 13 edifites for public wor-
/hip.. it Paniis «jn a peninfiila, formed
by the rivers Alhliy and Cooper, the
fpimcr of which is navig.d)h!for ihips of
bill den JO miles above the town. It is
100 tn:1cs ssE of Columhia. Lon. 80
o w't lat. 32 4i K.
C/i.irlritoii, a town of Maryland, in
Cecil county, riear the head of Chef-
ap'vik bay, lix miles k by s of Havre dc
Cnce, and 60 sw of Philadelphia.
C'''a.-!i'slun, a towli of New Hamp-
fhire, chief of Ch'>lhire coiinty, fuiiate
on the Connedlicnt, 84 miles wnw of
Portfmouth, and 105 nw of Oofton.
CharLst'in, a town of Mnfl'achufets,
phiei cf Middlefex county, fituate under
the celebrated Breeds HiU, and con-
*!C(Jted OP the s, by Charles River Bridge,
with Buft )n.
CJinrlcifotif a town of the ftatc of
Rhode Iflnnd, in Wafhington county,
19 miles NW of Newpoit.
(.'/■f'r/fi/ow, a town of Scotland, in
AberdeeiHhire, much frequented by
invalids f<^r the benefit of Koats whey.
Jt is feated near the Dee, a8 miles w by
s of Aberdeen.
Chtiilrvillff a boroiiph of Ireland, in
the county of Cork, ,50 miles n of Cork-
0'inrli':;iltr, a town of Fr.ince, in the
tlepiir.mcnt of Ardennes. Here is a
inaRii ficent fcjuare, and in the centre a
handiome fouuiain. It is feated 011 thi
Meufe, oppofite Meziercs, 25 miles w n w
ot Sedan.
C/.tirlnfh', a town of N Cari lina,
chief of Mecklenburg county, fituate on
Stet;l creek, 44 miles ssw of Salifbury.
\jOn 80 45 w,lat. 35 i» K".
C'ld \tt!inihiir<r, a town of Branden-
burg, m the Middle mark, with a royal
pala-e, ;; il magnificent gardens. It
was built by Sophia Charlotte, the firll
queen of Pruflia, on the river Spree, four
miles w of Berlin.
Charlofifsri/lCf a town of Virginia,
chief of Albemarle county, fituate near
the head of the Rivanna, 80 miles wnw
of Richmond, and 8a wsw of Fredericf-
burg.
Chnrlottc-tou'Hf the capital of the ifle
of St. John, in the gulf of St. Lavwcnce,
C H A
fltoate «n the w co»ft, on thr vcr Miltt
bui^. Lon. 6» 50 w, lat. 40 5 s.
Churloftc-iown, the capital of Diy,
miiiica, formerly called Rofeau. Ig
i8o6 it was nrarl)* deftroyed by a hur.
ricane. It flands on a pomt of land, on
the sw fide of the ifland, which formi
two bays; and is ai miles se of Prince
Rupert Kiy. Lon. 61 28 w, lat. 15 iBn,
C'lr. n:-^, a town of France, in tht
dep-rtnit lit of Vofge.s, feated on the
Mofelle, eight milts e of Mirecoiirt.
Otarolles, a town of France, in the
department of Saone and Loire, with a
ruinous cadie; feated on the Reconce,
24 miles WNW of Macon.
Cluirosty a town of France, in the dci
partnient of Indre, fe<ated on the Arnon,
(ix miles nk of Iflbudun.
C/iarroux, a town of France, in the
department of Vienne, aj miles s of
Poitiers.
Churtrrs, a city of France, capital of
the department of Kure .ind Loir, and
lately an cpifcopal fie. The cathedral
is one of the fineft in France, and its
Iteeple much admired. The principal
trade confiils in corn. It is feated on
the Eure, over which is a bridge, the
work of the celebrated Vauban, 45
miles sw of Paris. Lon. i 30 k, lat. 4O
2; N.
Cltanfhdis, a famous whirlpool, in the
ftrait of Mcffina. on the coaft of Sicily,
oppofite the celebrated Scylla, in Italy,
According to the theme of ancient
poets, it was \-ery formidable to mi.
riners ; but it is laid to have been en-
tirely removed by the great earthquake
in 1783.
Oia/ahoHcfiee, a rapid river of the
ftat»' of Georgia, which riles in the
Apalachian mountains, and runs s for
.^00 miles to E Florida, where it is join;
eii by the Flint, and then their nnited
ftream takes the name of Apalachicol.i.
Cliataipicraye, a town of France, in
the department of Vendee, la miles n
of Fontenay le Compte.
Clittteait Bnant, a town of Fr.ince,
in the department of Lower Loire, with
ail oid caftle, 24 miles s of Renncs.
O'xitcau Cuiii tresis, a town of France,
in the department of Nord, witli a
paiace belonging to the bifliop of Cam-
bray. A treaty was concluded here,
in i559» between Henry ii of Fiance
and Philip n of Spain. It is feated on
the Scille, 14 miles se of Cambiay'
Chateau C'/iinon, a town of France, in I
the department of Nievre, with a confi-
der.ible manufadluie of cloth ; feated |
near the fource of the Vonnt;, 36 milc«
E by N of Nevers.
apital of Do.
Rorenu. It
»yed by a hur<
)int of land, on
I, which formi
:s sE of Prince
w, lat. 15 18 H,
France, in the
Icatcd on the
' Mirt'coiirt.
Franco, in the
\ Loire, with a
n the Rtconce,
I.
ancp, in the dci
I ork the Arnon,
France, in the
25 miles 3 of
ancc, capital of
; .ind Loir, and
The cathedral
France, and its
The principal
It is fcated on
is a bridge, the
cd Vauban, 45
1. I 30 K, lat.40
pvhir1poo1,inthe
coaft of Sicily,
Scylla, in Italy,
nne of ancient
idable to ma-
havo been en-
reat earthquake
:h
\
id river of the
rifes in the
and runs & for
hfre it is join;
en their united
ApalachicoU.
of France, in
CO, 13 miles N
wn of France,
ver Loire, with
of Rennes.
own of France,
Nord, with a
lifliop of CaiH'
included here,
• 11 of France
It is featedon
Cambray^
. of France, in
, with a confi-
cloth; featcd
>nnc, 36 miles
GH A
Chamit Dauphint a ftrong qkMc of
piedmont, ncAr the Tuurce of the Po, x6
tailei w by N of Saluzzu.
Chateau du Loir, a town of France, In
the department of Sarte, famous for a
ficgc of fevcu years againd the count of
Mans. It it featcd on the Loir, zi,
mWet .ssB of Mans.
Clinlmi (hmticr, itov/n of France, in
the department of Mayennc, with a
caftle, a mineral fpring, and a trade in
lini.ns. It i» I'eated on the Mayenne, sa
miles NWof Angers.
Chateau Landon, a town of France,
in the department of Seine and iNIarne,
with an Augudine abbey, fcated on a
bill, 30 miles s of Mclun.
Chateau MiiUani, a town of France,
in the department of Cher, wjth an an-
cient caftle, 3 1 miles s of Bourgts.
Chateau Purtiat, a town of France,
in the department of Ardennes, Gx
miles w of Rethel.
Chateau Regnaml, a town of France,
in the department of Indre and Loire,
;6 miles ne ut Tours.
Chateau Salins, a town of France, in
the department of Meurtlie, with ex-
tenfive fait- works, 16 miles ne of
J^Iancy.
Chateau Thierry, a town of France,
in the department of Aifne, with a
caftle on an eminence. It is the birth-
place of the celebrated Fontaine, and
featcd on the river Marne, 57 miles Est
of Paris. LiHi. 3 33 E, lat. 49 in.
Chateau 11 lain, a town of France, in
the depaiim nt of Upper Miirne, 16
miles w of Ciiaumont.
Chaleaunun, 3 town of France, in the
department of Eiirc and i-oir, with a
caltle built by the famous count of
t)iinois; feated on an eminence, near
the Loir, 30 miles N of Blois.
Chateaiilin, a town of France, in the
department of Fiiiifterre, with a confi-
derable trade in flates ; feated on the
Auzon, II miles n of Qiiimper.
ChateauneiiJ'y a town of Trance, in
the department of Cher, 1 6 miles s of
Bourges.
Chulcauneuf, a town of France, in
the departmetit of Etne and Ixjir, i6
miles Nw of Chartres.
Chaleauneuf, a town of France, in
the department of Mayenne and Loire,
feated on the Sarte, 1 4 miles n of Angi-rs.
Chafeauroux, a town of France, ca-
pital of the department of Indre, witli a
caftle. It has a manufati^ure of cloth,
and is feated in a pleafant plain, on the
Indre, 35 miles sw of Bourj:es, and
148 s by w of Paris. LiOU. i 51 v.f Ui.
4646N.
C H A
Chatel, a town of France» In the dc-
!>artment of Vofges, feated on the ^(o«
elle, eight miles N of Epinal.
Chat el Chulon, a town of France, Im
the dcpartmcHt of Jura, 2j miles fllB
of Lonsle Saunier.
ChatcllermU, a town of FranoCf ia
the department of Vionne, noted for its
cutlijry, watchmaking, and the cutting
of falfe diamonds; feated on the VienuCf
% % miles N f. of Poitiers.
Chttienoy, a town of France, in the
department of Vofges, fix miles 8F. of
Neufchatcju.
CiMthnm, a town in Kent, adjoining
Rocheller, and feated on the Medway.
It is one of the principal Nations of the
royal navy; and its large dock-^-ard»
containing immonfe magazines fiirnifhcd
with all forts of naval uore^, is deemed
the firft arfcnal in the world. Here arc
alfo an ordnance wharf, a vidtualling-
office, and two hofpitals for decayed
mariners and fliipwrights. In 16C7, ^he
Dutch failed up to this town, and burnt
fevtral men of war : but the entrance
into the Medway is now defended by
Sheernefs and other forts, and additional
fortifications are made at Chatham. It
has a market on Saturday, a church, a
chapel of eafe, and a fhip ufed as a
church by the failors. In 1801, the
number of inhabitants was 10,505. It is
31 miles ESK of London. Lon. o 36 %»
lat. 51 a» N.
Ciiuthuni, a town of MafTachufets, in
Barnftabic county, iituate on the ex*
terior extremity of the eibow of Cape
Cod. It has about 40 veflels employed
in the tiihcry, and is 70 miles su of
Bodon. Lon. 705 w, lat. 41 44 N.
Chatham, a town of Connetfticut, in
Middlefex county, on the river Con-
ncdtlcut, oppofite the cityof Middleton.
(■iiut/iam, a town of S Carolina, chief
of Chefterfield county, fituate in a rich
country, at the head of the Pcdee, 90
miles NK of Columbia, and no n by w
of Georgetown.
Chalillon les Domlcs, a town of
France, in the department of A in, ij
miles w of Bourg.
Chalillon .sue Indre, a town of France,
ill the department of Indre, 12 miles
ssE of Loches.
Cliatillon sur Murnc, a town of France,
in the department of Marne, 1 7 miles s
of Rhcims.
Chatillon siir Seine, a town of France,
in the department of Cote d'Or, divided
into two by the river Seine. It has iron-
works in its neighbourhood, and is 40
miles NW of Dijon. Lon. 4 ^5 £, lat.
47 4»N.
CHE
Chalonnaif, a town of France, in the
Jl^rtoientof Ifcre, 15 milcsBof Vicnne,
''*i|||d t% SB of Lyon.
Chalraka/f a fort and <i=(lri(5l of My-
Ibre. See Chiftrldmng.
Chalrr, a t >wn of France, in tlic de-
partment of Indre, with n ''troollen nna-
BufaAnre; fcatndnn the Indrt, 22 miles
asB of Chatiauroux.
Chaimcorth, a village In the peak of
DerbyfliliT, nc.ir th« river Derwtnt, fix
miles w of Chfftcrfield. Here in a mag-
nificent feat of th«' dukes of Dcvonfliire,
vrhich» for its fine fituation, park, gar-
dens, fountains, &c. is juftly deemrd
one of the wonders of the peak. In its
firft age it was the prifon of Mary queen
of Scots, for 17 yrars.
C'hatterpoi/r, a town of Hindooftan,
in the country of Allahabad, capital of
the circar of Bundclcund. It is 130
miles wsw of Allahabad. Lon. 79 56
B, lat. 25 o N.
Chufzan, a town of Hindooftan, in the
province of Moultan, 90 miles w of
Moultan.
I'linrrs, a town of Portugal, in Tra
los Mnntes, with two fiibiiibs, and two
forts. Retwcen the town and the i'liburb
Magdalcna is a Roman (lone bridge. It
ftands near the confines of Spain, on the
river Tamcgn, 26 miles w of Brapanzn.
Chatnnont, a town of France, capital
of the department of Upper Mnrnc.
Here is a maniifatffure of woollen clolli,
and a trade in deer and goat fkins. It
is featcd on a mountain, ruTir the river
Marne, 56 miles v. by s of Troyes. Lon.
5 9 E, lat. 48 8 N.
Chattnu::'', a town of Fiance, in the
department of Oife, 16 miles ssw of
Beauvais.
Chaunt,, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Aifne, on the river Oife, 10
miles K of Noyon.
Chau.T de Fond, a village of SwifTcr-
land, in the principality of Ntuchatcl.
The inhabitants, about .1000, make im-
merous watehes and clocks; and the
women are employed in the lace manu-
facture. It is felted in a fertile valley,
nine miles nnw of Ncuchattl.
Clicadlt , a t(j\vn in Stafiordfliire, with
a market on S.iMirday. Here is a large
tape manufacture, and in the vicinity
are feveial copper and brafs works.
Four miles se are the ruins of Crox('en
abbey. It is feated in the mod fertile
part of the mourland, 12 miles nnk of
Stafford, and 146 nw of London.
C'ltdncto, a bay and harbour on the
ssE coaft of Nova Scotia. Near the
head ot the bay is the city of Halifax.
C'hedalucto, a bay on the e part of
Nova Scotia, which recti vm Salmoi
river from the w, remarkable for one of
the greatell filhcries in the world.
Cnrdder, a village in Somerfetftiire,
feated under Mendip hills, two fnilei
UK of Axhridge. It is famous for ex-
cellent chcefe; and its cliffs conftitute
one of the fineft pieces of rock fcenerjr
in England.
Chrduin, an iflatid in ♦he bay of Bcn<
f[al, on the coaft of Birmah, 45 mih
onp and 10 broad. It yields abimdance
of rice, and the mott wcftcrii point is in
lo"' 9.^ .15 E> '3t. 18 56 N.
C'/KCf^o Mutldi, a townofllindooflan,
in the country of Cutch, at the mouth
of the Caggar, aj miles sw of Boog«.
booge.
(y'lieifnrr, a town of Hindooflan, in the
territory of Oudipour. It was the ca.
pital of the rma, or chief prince, of the
Rajpoots, in the days of his greatiitls;
and was a forticl^i and city of great ex-
tent, iitiiate on a monntain : but it has
been in ruins fince the time of Auning.
zebe, in 16S1. It is 46 milrs nne of
Oudipour, and 88 .'(.•' w of Agimcre.
C'//i7/», a townotPoland, in RtdRuf.
fia, capital of a palatin.ite of its name,
and a bifhop's fe ■. In 1794, ^he Po't's
were defeated by thePruflians near this
town. It is ICO miles esr of Warfaw.
Lon. 23 29 K, lat. 51 20 N.
('i'ii'l)iicr, a river in Eflex, which rifes
ne.ir Thaxted, and flows by Duninow
and Chelmsford to Maiden, where it
joins the Bl.ickwater.
i'hehiis/hnl, the county town of Eflex,
with a m.irket on Fi lay. Here is a
flately churcii, a niagnii' .''nt fhire-houfe,
an excellent conduit, and a frecfchool
founded by Edward vi. It is fitu.iteat
the confluence of the Can with the Chel-
mer, 29 miles ene of London. Lon.
33 K, lat. 51 44 N.
Clirliiisjhrd, a town nf MafTachiifets,
in Middlefex county, fituate on the s
fide of the Mcrim.ac, over which is a
envious bridge, at Patucket Falls, which
coimeds this town with Dracut. lt\t
28 miles NNW f)f Bofton.
C/irhea, a village in Middlefex, on the
Thames, one mile w of Weflminfler.
Here is a magnificent hofpital for the
invalids of the army, begun by Charb
1 1 ; and an excellent phyfic garden, be-
longii'g to the company of apothecarieJi
given to thepi, in 171 1, by fir Um
Sloane.
Cheltenham, ^ town in Glouceftcr«
fiiire, with a market on Thurfday.
Here is a mineral fpring, celebrated fa
its falubrity; and two miles e of the
town is another of the fame )uHd. It ii
C H E
Bine miles ne of Olouceftcr, and 94 w
by K uf London.
Chflum, or Rehat, a river of Afia, the
vrtftfrnmoft of the five e.»ftern braiicheii
of till' Indus. It rifes above Caflimcro,
flows through the province of that
namci into that of Lahore, and joins
theChuiiaub, 16 miles below Kooftiaiib.
Thi« river is the Hydafpes of Alcxau-
drr.
CyUj, St. a town of France, in the
department of Lozere, 18 miles n by w
of Mende, and 30 sw of Puy.
Cliniiiiitz, a town of Upper Saxony,
in Mifiiia, furrounded by walls and
ditches. It.haa four fuluirbs, ami a
caftle about a mile from the town.
Great quantities of cottons and other
fine ftuffs are made here; and the
bleaching bufinefa is confiderable. It is
fituate on a river of the fame name, 38
miles sw of Drefden. Lon. 13 57 h,
lat. 50 50 N.
Clif)iunf!;o, a town of New York, in
Tioga county, where the judicial courts
are held in May. It is fituate near the
rivpr Cht'nango, which llows into the
fiufqiii'han.ia, 31 miles ne of Union,
and 60 sv, of Coopcrflown.
Clirnapulam, a town of Hindonftan,
in Myforc, near which is a handfumc
(lone fort. It has mannfadures of fu-
gar, glafs, and excellent mufic-wirc,
and a great trade in tl»e produce of the
paln.-gardens in its vicmity. It is 40
miles LNE of Scringapatani.
C'lwncour, or Clnrnkon, a town of Ar-
menia, on the frontiers of Georgia, with
a heaiitifnl caftle, grand caravanfeias,
and ft-vcral niofqucs, j6o miles nb of
Srivan.
Cnm-ii, one of the moft extenfivc pro-
vince, of China, bordering on the great
wall, which terminates here, and is but
rudely conrtrifded of turf or hardened
clay. It is divided into two parts, the
eaftern and weftern, and contains eight
cities of the firft rank, and lOo of the
fecond and third. It is f^ itilf , commer-
cial, and rich, but fubje>5t to long
drQUghts; and clouds of locnfts fome-
times deftroy every thing that grows in
the fields : thtfe infedls the Chinefe cat
boiled. In Clien fi a>"C rich gold minci^,
which are not allowed to be opened.
Sin-gan is the capital.
(Jiicn-uaui:, or M'u^-dcn, 1 city <'f
Eaftern Tartary, capital of a province of
the fame name, othcrwifc callefl: Leao-
tong. The walls are 10 miles in circum-
ference; and it is ornamented with fe-
veral public edifices, and provided with
arfenais and ftorthoufes. It is 350 miles
ESE of Peking. Lon. i2aj e, lat. 41 SS ^•
CHE
Chcpello, in inatid in the iMy of Vi-
nama, three milei from the city of P*>
nama, whi.h it Aippiics with provilioas
and fruit.
C/iepstow, a town in MonmouthOiirrt
with a market on Saturday. It ti feat-
e<l on the fide of a hiU, on th« Wjre*
near its connuence with the Severn, and
vefTelb of 700 tons come up tu the
bridge. It was Inrronnded by a wflJI«
traces of which are obfcrvablei and oa
a perpendicular rock arc the remains of
a laige caflle. Here was alfo a priorfv
part of which is converted 4pto a •
church. The tide rift^s here fiport 3<>to
60 feet, and in 1768 it flowed 70 fcct»
to the great damage of thcbridK*-- The
principal exports are timber, bark, iron,
and cider. It is 18 miles N of Bridol,
and I !5 w of London. Loo. a 36 w,
lat. /ji ja N.
C/kt, a department of France, 1nc1ud«
ing part of the late province; of Berry.
It n.ceivfs its name from a river which
rifes in Auvergnc, and flows into the
lioire, below Tours, iiourijcs is the
capital.
C/irrasm, a fortified town of Pied-
mont, capital of a iVrtile territory i)f the
fame name, with a ftroug ciiadol. V it
feated on a mountain, at the confluence
of thp Sturia with the Tanir ), 24 milei
SB of Tuiin. Lon. 758 k, lat. 44 45 n.
C.irraw, a diftrift of S Carolina, com-
prehending the counticH of Darlington,
Chcftcrficld, and Marlborough. The
capita! is Greenville.
C/icrhur^, a fe.ipott of France, in the
dt'partment of Manche, with an Auguf-
tine I'bhey. Here was a feafight be-
tween til'.' Englifh and French in i69«#
when the latter were beat, and upward
of twenty of their men of war burnt
near Cape la Hogue. The EngUfli
landed here in 1758, took the town,
with the Ihips in the bafin, demolifhed
the fortificuions, and ruined the work*
*" r improving the harbour. Thefe
\ )rks were refumed on a itupendous
fc.i'i', by Lewis x v 1 ; but their progrefi
was interrupted by the revolution.
Chen uig is 60 miles NW of Caen. Lon.
1 37 w, lat. 49 39'^-
C'itciomsi), a town of European Tur-
key, im the Nii coaft of the ifland of Ne-
gropont, J5 miles e of Negropont.
Ciieroi/, a town of France, in the
department of Yonne, 10 miles w of
Sens.
Clicrry fuHej/, a town of New York,
in Ofwego county, at the head of a
cn.rk of its name, iB miles s of Cana-
johary, and 4,s ^^' by n of Albany.
(Jhcrso, an ifiand in the gulf of Vfr-
i
I
CHE
pice, between the coafts of Iftria and
Croatia. On the « it is feparatcd from
Qfero by a very narrow channel, and
the two iflands are united by a bridge.
The foil is fton'y; but it abounds in
cattle, wine, oil, and honey- It has a
town of the fame name, with a good
fcarbouf. Lon. 14 45 k, lat. 4.5 10 n.
Chersqn, the capital of New Rullia,
in the gfbvernment of Catharinenflaf,
lerefled by Catharine 11, on the n bank
cf the Dnieper, lo miles below the
influx of the Ingulec. The church and
Riaiiy of the houfes are built of ftone;
■ and the inhabitants are eftimated at
ao,ooo. Here is a dock, from which
feveral men of war and merchant lliips
have been launched ; but owing to feme
fand banks in the river, the naval efta-
bliQiment has been transfeiTed hence to
Kicolayefi 'In 1787, the emprefs made
a triumphant journey to this capital,
and here met emperor Jofepb 11. At
this place, in 1790, the philanthropic
Howard fell a vidtimto his indefatigable
humanity ; and a monument was eredt-
ed to his memory by the Ruflian ad-
miral. Cherfon is 50 miles e of Ocza-
kow. Lon. 31 26 K, lat46 3J N.
(J/icrturij, a town in Surry, with a
market on Wednefday. Here was for-
merly an abbey, of which only a part of
the walls now remain ; it was th<* firft
burial place of Henry vi, who was af-
terward removed to Windfor. It is
feated near the Thames, over which is
a handfome bridge, 20 miles w by s of
London.
Cliesaprak, the largeft and fafeft bay
in the United States. Its entrance is
between Cape Charles in Maryland and
Cape Henry in Virginia, \z miles wide.
It extends 270 miles to the n, is from
10 to 40 miles broad, and generally nine
ialhoms deep ; containing feveral iflands
and many commodious' harbours. It
receives the f>ufquehaiina, Potomac,
Rappahannoc, York, and James rivers,
which are all large and navigable.
Q'teshaw, a town in Buckinghamfliire,
with a market on Wednefday, and ma-
nufa<?tuns of lace and wooden ware.
It ftands in a vale, 27 miles nw of Lon-
don.
Chr-.hire, a county palatine of Eng-
land, bounded on the n by Lancafhire,
NE by Yorkfliire, e by Dcrbyfliire, se
by Stafford fli ire, s hy Siirop/hire, w by
Denbighfliire and ]'iint(hire, and nw
by the Iiilh fea, into which projetJls a
peniiifnla, 13 miles lonj; and fix broad,
formed by the mouths of the Merfey
and the Dee. This county extends 33
miles from k to ^, and 42 from e to w.
CHE.
without including the peninfula juft
mentioned on the w, or a narrow traft
of land, which ilretchcs, between Lan-
cafhire and DerbyHiire, to Yorkfliire,
on the KK. It contains 676,000 acres;
is divided into feven hundreds, and 8$
parifhes; has one city and t» market-,
towns; and fends four members to par-
liament. The number of inhabitants in
18^81 was 191,751. The principal riverj
are the Merfey, Weever, and Dee ; and it
has feveral fmall lakes. It is rich in
pafture and corn land ; but there arc
feveral heaths, upon which horfcs and
ftieep feed, among whidi are thecxtenfive
forefts of Macclesfield and Delamcre.
The country is generally level; the
higheft hills in it are about Frodftiam ;
and its extenfive paftures feed a great
number ^,f cows, from whofe milk is >
made excellent cheefc, of which vaft
quantities are fent to London, Briftol,
York, Scotland, Ireland, &c. Thij
county is likewife famous for its fait
fprings at Namptwich, Middlewich,
Northwich, and Winsford ; and, at
Ncrthwich, there are vaft pits of folid
fait rock.
Chester, a city and the capital of
Chefhire, and a bifhop's fee, with a
market on Wednefday and Saturday.
It is governed by a mayor; and the
walls are nearly two miles in circum-
ference, in which are four gates, toward
the four cardinal points. It has a ftroiig
caftle (in which is the fliirc-hall) and 10
churches, betide the cathedral. The
main ftreets have a fort of covered por-
tico running out from houfe to houfe,
which are called rows, and afford a
fheltered walk for the foot paflt-ngers.
In 180 1 the number of inhabitants was
15,052. It,' has a conftant communica-
tion with Ireland; this and Holyhead
being the principal places for taking
fliipning for Dublin. Chefter has a
fmall fliare of foreign trade, a mamitac-
ture of gloves, a confiderable traffic of
fliup goods into N Wales, and two
annual fairs the molt noted in England,
efpecially for the fale of Iriih limn. It
is 38 miles sw of Mancheiler, and 180
KW of London. Lon. 3 3 w, lat 5,1 u s.
Chester, a town of Pennfylvaiiia, ca-
pita! of Delaware county, feated on
the Delaware, 15 miles sw of Philadel-
phia.
Chester, a town of Maryland, capital
of Kent county, with a college, incor-
porated in 178*. It is feated on a river
of the fame name, 15 miles from its
mouth in Chefapcak bay, and 80 !>w of
Philadelphia. See .'tnnapolis.
Chester, a town of S Carolina, chief
3 E.
the peninfula juft
Wy or a narrow traft
tchcs, between Lan«
fliire, to Yorkfliirc,
t^ins 676,000 acres;
en hundreds, and 8$
city and t» market-
:)ur members to par-
iber of inhabitants in
The principal rivers
ever, and Dee ; and it
lakes. It is rich in
land ; but there are
sn which horfcs and
rhidh are thecxtenfive
field and Delamcre.
jenerally level ; the
re about Frodlham;
laftures feed a great
from whofe milk is »
leefc, of which vaft
; to London, Briftol,
Ireland, &c. This
; famous for its fait
>twich, Middlewich,
Winsford; and, at
are vaft pits of folid
; county, featcd
nilt:s sw of Philadd-
cHr
#f Chefter toonty, featedon Broad river,
«o miles NW of Columbia.
Chester^ a town of New Hamp{hire»
5n Rockinghamcounty, fituafe on a lake,
which fends its waters into the Mefri-
mac, 16 miles w of Exeter, and 34 w
by s of Portfmouth.
Chester^ ff'est, a town of Pennfylvania,
chief of Chefter county, 25 miles w by
s of Philadelphia.
OmteTy hresty a town of New York,
chief of a county of the fame name, 15
miles NE of New York.
Cheater le Street, a village in the
county of Durham, on the w fide of
the ri/er Wear, fix miles N of Durham.
The church is collegiate, and was for-
merly the fee of a biftiop, till removed,
vith the body of St. Cuthbert, to Dur-
ham. Roman coins are ftill found here.
Chesterjieldy a town in Derbylhire,
governed by a mayor, with a market on
Saturday. It has a church with a re-
markable curved fpire, and a freefchool
founded by queen Elifabeth. Here are
manufadrurcs of ftockings, carpets, and
brown earthen ware; alfo iron founde-
ries, the ore and coal for the fupply of
which are dug in tlie vicinity. Large
quantities of lead are fent hence, by a
canal to the Trent, which it joins below
Gainfborough. Chefterfield is feated
on a hill, between the rivulets Ibber
and Rother, 24 miles N of Derby, and
J50 NNW of London. Lon. i zj w,
lat. 53 j8 N.
Chvstirfieldy 2 town of New Hamp-
ftire, in Chelhire county, on the e bank
ofthe Connefticut, 25 miles s of Charlef-
ton, and 72 w by s of Exeter.
Cheviot IJills, a ridge of mountains
in England, which run from n to s
through Northumberland and Cumber-
land, famous for its free chace, formerly
much ufed by the Englifli and Scots
gentry. Thefe hills are now chiefly
wild and open flieep-walks ; goats alio
are fed among them, and fome of the
finelt cattle in the kingdom, in parts of
the Scotch border. Near thefe many
an obllinate battle has been fought be-
tween the Englilh and Scots, before the
two kingdoms were united ; among
which may be numbered the encounter
between the earls Percy and Douglas,
celebrated in the ancient ballad called
Chevy Chace.
Chiameflan, a town of Mexico, in the
audience of Guadalajara, and the capital
ofamaritime province of Uk; fame name,
which is fertile, and contains many
filver mines. On the coaft-are a clufter
of fmall iflands. The town is feattd on
« river of its name, sjo miles ttw of
CHI
Guadalajara. Lon. 105 45 w, lat. st
40 K.
Chiapay an inland province of Mexi-
co. It has no mines of filver or gold,
but abounds in wood, aromatic gums',
balfams, cocoa, corn, &c. and its borfes
are in high eftimation.
Chiupa ilos EspugKols, or Ciudad
Real, a city of Mexico, in the province
of Chiapa, and a bifliop's fee It Tiaa
f'ivcral monafteries and an elegant ca-
thedral. The chief trade is in cocoa,
cotton, and cochineal. It is 50 miles
ssw of Villa Hermofa. Lon. 94 35 w^
lat. 17 o N.
Cfiiapa dos Indies, a large town of
Mexico, in the province of Chiapa,
containing ao,oco inhabitants, chiefly
Indians, who are rich, and raife a great
deal of fugar. It is feated on the river
Tabafes, 30 miles w by n of Chiapa dos
EfpagHols.
C/iiarcnza, a town of European Tur-
key, in the Morea, on the river Sillns,
near the Mediterranean, oppofite Zante,
and 95 miles w by s of Corinth. Lon.
SI 28 E, lat. 37 46. N
Chiari, a town of Italy, in Brefciano,
where the Auftrians defeated the French
in 1 70 1. It is 15 miles nne of Crema.
Chiaromonte, a town of Sicily, in Val
di Noto, featedon a mountain, 25 miles
w of Syracule.
Chiaccnna, a town of SwiflTerland,
capital of a country of its name, fiibjcft
to the Grifons. It is a trading place,
efpecially in_ wine and delicate fruits,
being the principal communication be-
tween the Milanefe and Germany. The
governor's palace and the churches are
magnificent ; and the inhabitants are
Roman catholics. Flere are the ruins
of a once celebrated fortrefs, on the
fummit of a r'ock ; and clofe to the
town is a rock of albeftos. It is feated
betwe<m high ridges of mountains, near
a fmall lake of its name, 38 miles s cf
Coirt'. l.on. 9 27 e, lat. 46 15 n.
Chicamws, a nation of American In-
dians fettled on the head branches of
the Tombeckbe, Mobile, and Yazoo ri-
vers, in the nw corner of Georgia.
They have fcven towns, the central one
of which is in lon. 89 43 w, lat. 34
Chichacottny a fortified town of Boo-
tan, on the s frontier, frequently taken
and relinquiflicd by the Ilritifh India
troops, in the war with the Booteeas in
177a. It is 84 miles s by e of Tafia-
fudoit. Lon. 89 .^5 e, lat. 26 35 n.
Chichester, a city and the capital of
SufTex, and a county of itl'clf , governed
by a mayor, with a market on VV..'dnef-
CHI
day and Saturday. It is a biftiop's fee.
and has feven churches befide the ca^
thedral. The city is waited round, and
bad formerly four gates. It exports
com, inalt> &c. has ibme foreign com-
merce, and a manufadure of needles.
The haven affords fine lobflers. It is
feated in a plain, on the river Levant,
near its eniran(ie into an arm of the
Englifh channel, 6 1 miles sw of London.
Lon. o 48 w^, lat. 50 50 n.
ChielefOf atown of EuropeaoTurkey,
m the Morea, near the gulf of Coron,
t^vmiles w of Colocythia.
Ckiemseet a lake of Bavaria, 35 miles
in circumference. In the midft of it are
two iflands ; ooone of them is a con-
vent of Benedidline nuns, and on the
Cither an Augufline monaftery. It lies
3Z miles wnw of Salzburg.
Chieri, a town of Piedmont, fur-
rounded by an ancient wall, in which
are fix gates. It has four grand fquares,
many churches and religious houfes,
and confidcrable manufadures of cloth
and filk. It is feven miles e of Turin.
Chief}. See Civita di Chieli.
Chigicell, a village in ElTex, 10 miles
KE of London. It is noted for a free-
fchool, founded byarchbifhop Harfnett,
■who had been vicar of this place, and
fies buried in the church.
Cliilit a large country of S America,
on the coaft of the Pacific ocean, dil-
covered by Diogo d'Almagro in 1525.
The mountainous part of it is pofTeHed
by the Piielches, Amucos, and other
tribes of its original inhabitants, who
are ftill formidable neighbours to the
Spaniards. That part of Chili, there-
fore, which may be properly deemed a
Sp.mifh province, is a narrow diftrict,
extending along the coaft, from the ile-
fert of Atakamas to the ifland of Chiloe,
abcH-e 9C0 miles. Though bordering
on the torrid zone, it never fetls the ex-
tremity of heat, being fcnencd dn the
E by the Andes, and refrefbed from the
w by cooling fea-breezes. The fi'rtility
of the foil correfponds with the be-
nignity of the climate, and is wonder-
fully accommodated to European pro-
dniftions. The moll valuable of thefe,
corn, wine, and oil, abound in Chili, as
if they had been native in the country.
Here all the fruits imported from En-
rope attain to full maturity ; and the
animals not only multiply, but improve.
The horned cattle are of larger fize
than thofe of Spain ; and it3 horfes excel
in beauty a;id fpirit the fainons Anda-
Uifian race, from which they fpinng.
Kature, tuo, has envichcd Chili with
i>aluable miucsf of gold, liWer, copper.
CHI
and lead. Yet, in all this extent of
country there are not above 8o,oo(»
white inhabitants, and 240,000 blacks
and people of a mixed race. St. Jago
is the capital.
Cfiilka, a lake in the Deccan of Hin.
dooftan, which bounds the five Circari
on the s. It lies on the coaft of the
bay of Bengal, and feems the effed of
the breach of the fea over a flat fandy
furface, whofe elevation was fomething
above the level of the country within.
It communicates with the fea by a very
narrow but deep op>ening, and is fhal-
low within. It is 40 miles long and 14
broad, with a narrow flip of ground be-
tween it and the fea. It contains many
inhabited iflands. On the n w it is bound-
ed by a ridge of mountains, a continua-
tion of that which extends from the
Mahanuddy to the Godavery river, and
flmts up the Circars toward the con-
tinent.
C/iillan, or C/iilan, a town of Chili,
capital of a diflri<fl. It is chiefly in-
habited by Indians, and 75 miles ne of
Conception.
C/iillciros, a town of Portugal, in
Eftramadura, 13 miles Nw of Lifbon.
Chillicoihcy the capital of the ftate of
Ohio, though at prefent only a fmall
place, feated on the w bank of the
Scioto, 130 miles nk of Frankfort, and
180 sw of Pittfljurg. Lon, 83 8 w,
lat. ^9 14 ^f.
Cmllon, a town of SwifTerland, in tho
canton of Berne, near the lake of Gene,
va. On a rock in the lake is an ancient
caftle, which has lately been ufed as a
ilate prilbn. It is five miles ese of Ve-
vay.
Cfiiloe, an ifland -on the coaft of Chili,
125 miles long and 17 brond. It pro-
duces all necefTary refrefhments and
provifions, except wine ; and much
ambergrife is found here. The prin-
cipai town is Caftro-
C/iii'crri, a chain of chalky hills in
England, palTing from e to w through
the middle of Buckinghamfliirc, and
covered, in various parts, with woods
'1 his diftriO'l: belongs to the crown, and
for time immemorial has had the no-
minal office of Steward of the Ciiilterii
Hiiiidrcds, by the acceptance of which
a commoner vacates his feat in paiiia*
mcnt.
< '/liivaif, a town of France, in tlie il(-
partmeiit of Nortl. Near it are mines
of iron, with foundries and forj,'es. It
is feated on the lilaiiche, ao miles enk
of C'ambray.
(:in>iu)(i,;i town of EuropcanTiirkry,
in Albania, with a i'ort, feated ua »
CHI
in all this extent of
ire not above 80,009
s, and :^4e,ooo blacks
mixed race. St. Jago
I in the Deccan of Hin.
)ound8 the five Circart
es on the coaft of the
md feems the effedl of
e fea over a flat fandy
levation was fomething
of the country within.
I with the fea by a very
I opening, and is ihal-
is 40 miles long and 14
rrow flip of ground bc-
fea. It contains many
, On the N wit is bound-
mountains, a continua.
lich extends from the
he Godavery river, and
rears toward the con-
lilaUt a town of Chili,
tridl. It is chiefly in-
ns, and 75 miles n e of
town of Portugal, in
miles NW of Lifbon.
je capital of the ftate of
It prefent only a fmall
n the w bank of the
s N K of Frankfort, and
(burg. Lon. 83 8 w,
n of SwilTerland, in tho
near the lake of Gene-
n the lake is an ancient
IS lately been ufed as s
is five miles ese ofVe-
id -OB the coaft of Chili,
nd 17 brond. It pro-
ary refrefhments and
pt wine ; and much
uud here. The prin-
[tro.
ain of chalky hills in
from E to w through
Suckinghamfliirc, and
U9 parts, with woods
ngs to the crown, and
ri.il has had tlie no-
teward of the Cliiltcrii
acceptance of which
tes his feat in pavlia-
h of France, in the de-
fd. Ncirit are mines
|iulries and forgfs. It
piaiichi-, ao miks enk
liofEuropcanTurlcry,
a fort, featcd on »
C H I
rock, at the entrance of the gulf of
Venice, 24 nailes s of Velona.
Ckina, an extenfive country in Afia,
between 98 and 123 e lon. and n and
Ai N iat. It is 1330 miles from n to s,
and 1030 from e to w; bounded 00
the E by the Yellow and the China fea,
s by the iatter fea and the kingdoms of
Tonquin, Laos, and Birmah, w by Ti-
bet, and N by Tartary, from which it is
feparated by a great wall. This ftu-
pendous wall exceeds every thing of
human art and induftry that is read of
in hiftory ; and is faid to have been built
about the year 1160, to prevent the
frequent i'lcuifions of the Monguls. It
extends along a hilly furface 1500 miles
in length ; the breadth, in many parts,
is upward of 15 feet at the top ; and
it is flanked with towers at the diftance
of ^00 feet: the materials of which the
whole is compofed are fo clofe and folid,
that it is yet almoft entire. Cliina is
divided into 15 provinces, which arc
i*e-tche-li,Kiang-nan,Ki3ng-ri,Fo-kieij,
Tche-iiiang, Hou-quang, Ho-nan, Chan-
tong,Chan-li,Chen-fi,Se-tchuen,Qiiang-
tong, Quang-fi, Yun-nan, and Koei-
tcheou. Thefe provinces contain 4401
walled cities, divided into clalTes, the
civil and the military ; the civil clafs
«ontaining 2045, and the military 3357-
The civil clafs is again divided into
three other clalTes ; the firft are called
/ft«, the fecond h/tcou, and the third
allien. According to the ftatement of
the population of China, delivered to
lord Macartney, in 1793, by a Chinefe
mandarin, the number of inhabitants
wasnot Itfsthan 333,000,000 ; but from
the calculations in Neuhoffs travels the
population is about 330,000,000. The
climate and foil are various, as the dif-
ferent provinces are nearurto, or remote
from, the s ; ftvere cold being felt at
Peking, while t^e fouthern provinces
are txpofed to exc^'lTive heat. Here are
feveral large l.ikcs ; the principal of
them are the Po-yang, in Kiang-li, 350
miles in circumttvence ; the Tong-ting^
in Hou-quang, above 100 miles in cir-
cumference ; the Tai, part of which
extends into Kiang-nan ; the Hong-tfe,
and the Kao-yeou, in the province of
Kiang-nan. The chief rivers are the
Kian-ku and the Hoan-ho ; beiide
which there an infinitude of great and
fmall rivers, and fine canals, one of
which, called the G/d'td Canal, furp;il-
fi'S any thing of the kind in the world.
By this canal, and fume rivers, tht-re is
a communication by water between
Peking and Canton, the t'vo extn mes
of thtf empire, except the iiitcnuptiun
C H I
of a day's journeyr, by a mountain ift
the province of K.iang-fi. This inland
navigation, upward of 1400 miles, is
efTeded from Peking by pafTmg dowm
the Pei-ho to the influx of the £u-h(H
then up that river to t'lc entrance of the
grand canal, and along that canal to
the Kian-ku : then up that river into the
Poyang lake, and thence up the river that
runs through Kiang-G ; then over tjhe
mountain before mentioned, and down
the river of Canton. The manufafturea
of China embrace almoft every article,
of induftry; but the moft noted are
porcelain, iilk, cotton, and paper. Tbe
mternal commerce of the country is
immenfe, but the external trade is un-
important; the chief export is that of
tea, which is fent to England. In fe-
veral of the provinces, the land yields
two crops a year ; yet, though the hul^
bandman cultivates it with fuch care as
nottolofethe fmalleft portion ofground*
the country ha? been often defolated by-
famine. One great caufe of the foarcity
of grain is the prodigious co.nfumption
occafioned by the compofition of wineSf
and of a fpirituous liquor called rack-
The numerous mountains of China
(which are chiefly in the n and w parts)
contain mines of iron, tutenag, copper,
quickfilver, gold, and filver: but thofe
of gold and lilver are little worked, that
the people may attend to the more ufeful
labours of agriculture. Quarries of
marble, coal, lapis lazuli, jalper, rock
cryrtals, granite, and a kind of fonorou*
ftones of which mufical inftruments are
compofed, an; abundant ; and here is
potters earth of fuch various and fupc-
rior kinds, that the fine porcelain of
China is unrivalled. Befide the fruits
peculiar to the country, it produces the
greater part of thofe of Europe; but
icxcepting the grapes and pomegranates)
they are much inferior. Oranges were
firfi: brought us from China. Here arc
alfo lemons, citrons, the tfe-tfe, a kind
of fig peculiar to China j the li-tchi, of
tlif fize of a date, its ftone covered with
a foft juicy pulp, of an exqniflte tafte,
but dangerous wlicn eaten to excefs ;
the long-yei!, < r dragonfeye, its pulp
white, tart, and juicy, not fo agreeable
to tho tafle, but rnoie wholclbme than
the li-tchi. The Chins.'fe excel in the
art of iTKUiaging kitehengardens, and
t)ave a tuimbcr of vegetables unknown
to us. Tiicy ciiUivaie even the bottom
of their waters ; the beds of their lakes,
ponds, and rivulets, producing crops
unknown to us. particularly of ihcpitfi,
or water chelhiut, the fruit of which
(found in a covet ibrmed by its root) is
CHI
exceedingly w?iolefome, and of a very
delicate tafte. Amonp the trees peculiar
to China is the .'■allow-trce, the fruit of
■which is white, of the fize of a ftnall
walnut, and the pulp has the properties
of tallow i Ihe wax tree, producing "a
kind of white wax almoft equal to that
made bybeosj the tfichu., or vaniiOi-
tree, which produces the admirable
Chinefe varnifh ; the tie ly-mou, or iron
wood, the wood of which is fo hard and
heavy, that it finks in water, and the an-
chors of the Chinefe ftiips are made of
it ; the camphire-tree ; the bamboo
reeds, which grow to the height and
fize of a large tree, and befide being
ufed as natural t>ipes to convey water,
are employed for numberlefs other pur-
pofes ; the tea-plant, &c. with cotton,
betel, and tobacco: theflowering (hrubs,
flowi-rs, herbs, and medicinal plants,
are too numerous to be recited. In
the mountains and forefts are wild ani-
mals of every fpecies ; but that valuable
quadruped, the mulkdeer, is peculiar
to this country. Of its birds, the moft
beautiful in China, and, perhaps, in
the world, is the kin-hi, or golden fowl.
The complexion of the Chinefe is a
fort of tawny, and thev have large fore-
heads, fmall eyes, (hort nofes, large ears,
long beards, and black hair ; and thofe
are thought to be the moft haiidfome
who are the moft bulky. The women
afFedt a great deal of modefty, and arc
remarkable for their little feet. The
men endeavour to make a pompous
appearance when they go abroad ; and
yet their houfcs are mean and low, con-
fifting only of a ground floor. Their
towns are fo much alike, that thofe who
know one are acquainted with all.
Learning, with the arts and fciences in
general, is much cultivated in this coun-
try. Their writing is very particular ;
for every letter is a word, and confe-
quently they have as many k'tttrs, or
charaders, as words in their language.
Their religion is paganifm. They allow
polygamy, and keep their wives pretty
clofe. Hurials are not permitted in cities
or towns, and their fepulchres are coni-
morl/ '.m barren hills and mountains.
Th_'/ ^ii'jt'jnd to have a great veneration
for their a:i.'Cu.o s ; and fome keep ima-
ges of then n their houfes, to which
they pi-r a lorf of adoration- 'I'hey
hav- Kv'i 'vh'Ji n gulAte the civilities
an' ctrtnioriouf J^iiutati n they pay
lo eac ( :f.er, f<,r vvhich reafon tliey
alway:, appear tj be extremely goi.J-
naturcu -, ;irl y\. they -ue as deci;it'"ul
asan^ peopi, m ihc "'c .d. rif.govern-
uicnt is aLu;'.u!t,-, --.A the emperor has
CHI
tfie privilege of naming his fucce/Tor;
but the chief mandarin has permiflion to
tell him of his faults. He looks upon
his fubje(^s as hiB children, a- H pro^
fefles to govern them with paternal af.
feAion. Their empire is very ancient,
and they pretend that it exifted many
thoufand years before Noah's flood : it
is generally allowed to have com mchcrd
3500 years before the birth of Chrift.
The Chinefe empire now includes Ti,
bet, thegreatt'ft part of Tartar y.Gorea,
and numerous iflauds on the s and e
coafts of China, the principal of which
are Lieu-kieu, Formofa, and Hainan.
The annual revenues of the crown, ac.
cording to fir George Staunton, are faid
to be 66)Ooo,oool.fterling; and the army
in the pay of China, including Tartars,
amount to 1,000,000 • infantry and
800,000 cavalry. Peking is the capital.
C/iinca, a feaport of Peru, feated on
a river, in a valley of its name, 90 miles
s of Lima. Lon. 76 15 w, >at. 13 10 s,
ChincliiUay a town of Spain, in Miir.
cia, .37 miles w of /.Inianza, and 67
NNw of Muii^ia.
Chin-chi. Jjee Quin-riong.
C/iinun, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Indre and Loire, willi a
ftrong caftle, in which Henry n of
England expired. Chinon is the birth-
place of Rabelais and of Qu' let. h •'
feated on the Vienne, 10 mi'es *i .'
Richelieu, and 150 sw of Paris.
(Jliinrnynpatana, a town of Hir.rl :>
flian, .n ! , fore, with a fort well built of
ftone, 3; p-'iles v by w of Seringapatam.
ChinsuTi, A tovvi) ''•^ Hindooftan, in
; feated on the
j/^ii". ;. 0. Calcutta.
B:~"gal, \\\
Hoogly, 17
Clnnv, a town of the Netherlands,
in Luxemburg, on the river Semoy, 40
miles w by n of Luxemburg.
Chiourlic, a town of European Tur-
key, in Romania, the fee of a Greek
bifliop, feated on a river of the fame
name, 47 miles wnw of Conftantinopie.
Cfiia:zo, a town and ifland of Italy,
in the gulf of Venicow Much fait is
made here. The town is built on piles,
and has a harbour, c'.efcnded by a fort,
1 8 miles s of Venice-
C/iipio7ia, a town of Spain, in Anda-
lufia, lituate on a rock near the fea, five
miles wsw of St. Lucar de Barameda.
ChippcnI/aiii, a borough in Wiltihire,
with a market on Saturday, and a ma-
nufai'ture of fine woollen cloth. It is
feated on th<! Avon, over which is a
bridge, a miles E of Briftol, and gj w
of London.
Cliirajiii, a town of Mexico, in Ve-
ragua, on a river of the fame name,
H I
iming hie fuccdTor;
irin has permiffion to
ts. He looks upon
ehiidivn, a- '\ pro^
jm with paternal af.
ipire 18 very ancient,
that it exifted many
ire Noah's flood : it
I to havecommeticrd
the birth of Chrift.
re now includtjs TU
irt of Tartar y, Cor ea,
uds on the s and k
le principal of which
>rmofa, and Hainan.
les of the crown, ac
rge Staunton, are faid
fterling; and the array
a, including Tartars,
)o,ooo . infantry and
Peking is the capital.
)rt of Peru, feated on
of its name, 90 miles
76 15 w, >at. 13 10 s.
iwn of Spain, in Mur-
of Almanza, and 67
Quin-nong.
I of France, in the de-
re and Loire, wiUi a
which Henry u of
Chinon is the birtli-
i and of Qy" I'-t. It"
iennc, 10 mi'ps v .«
,0 sw of Paris.
a, a town oi Hir.fl:>
;ith a fort well built of
h'/w of Serin gapatam.
-VI) >^' Hiudooftan, in
Oil: ; feated on the
O: Calcutta,
of the Netherlands,
•n the river Semoy, 40
Luxemburg.
[vn of European Tur-
„ the fee of a CTretk
11 a river of the fame
N\v of Conttantinople.
n and ifland of Italy,
/enicok Much fait i;
town is built on piks,
ir, defended by a fort,
■n of Spam, in Aiida-
rock near the fea, five
L\icar de Barameda.
borough in Wiltfliire,
Saturday, and a ma-
woollen cloth. It IS
'on, over which is a
';ofBriftol, and 93 «'
Lvn of Mexico, in V^
Ir of the fame name,
CHI
[u miles N of its mouth, in the Pacific
«an, and 130 w of St. Jago. Lon. 83
lj8\v,lat.8 3fK.
r Chirk, a village of Wales, in Den-
lighlbitt, on the top of a hill, near
Yrtxham- It bad formerly two caftles,
pne of which feems to have been a mag-
fecent ftnidture. , . ^ . ^ ,
Cliisme, a feaport of Afiatic Turkey,
in Natolia, on the ftrait that parts the
Continent from the ifle of Scio. It was
kncicntly callal Cyfus, was celebrated
lor the great vicilory which the Komans
Igjned here over the fleet of .^ntiochus,
|a 191 BC and has been diftinguiihed
\y the deftruftion of the Turxifti fleet
fcythe Ruffians in 1770. It is 40 miles
r of Smyrna. Loo. a6 16 e, lat. 38 24 ".
Cliifi'yick', a village in Middlefex, on
IheT i-nes, five miles w by 8 of Lon-
Ln. Hltc is a celebrated villa of the
HukeofDevonfliire; and, in the church-
frd is a monument to Hogarth.
OilpnuT, a town of Hindooftan, in
!i'?,er'i celebrated for its manufadlure
fcfc'in ,.:., 6omiles NNKof Amedabad.
C'li; . ;i town of European Turkey,
la M i : jonia, oil the bay of Salonichi.
''cr«':.(f nv.^ther, wife, and fon of Alcx-
rjci \vere«iurdered byCaffander. It
■ >: miles ssE of Edefla.
"tteldrnog, or Chatrahaly a (Irong
; town of Hindooftan, capital of
i e ''K ' ifvriif^ of Myfore. The plain of
[.h't'elilroog is ten miles long and four
fiirrounded by rocky hills, on
In: of which ftrnds the fort. The town
brmtrly occupied a great portion of
vilain, and is ftill a confiderable
Liacc, b':t now confined entirely within
Jne walls, v hich are near the foot of
|iie rock. Hyder, who obtained pof-
fffion of this place by treachery,
[rengthcned the walls ; and other works
a\e been fir.ce added as to render it
btally impngnable againft any neigh-
ouring power. Since the final defeat
"Tippoo, in 1799, it belongs to the
kjah of Myfore; and the Englifh keep
] garrifoa here. It is 48 miles nw of
p,and 117 N by w of Seringapatam.
on. 76 26 F, lat. 14 6 N.
Cliitti^ong, a province of Afia, lying
[etwecn the b.iy of Bengal and Atracan.
; was conquered from Aracan by Au-
liiig/ebc, in 1666, and now belongs to
lie Enplilh T. India Company. Iflama-
ladistlie chief town.
CliillooT, a town of Hindooftan, in
Cainatic, 18 milei nw of Arcot,
^d 70 w of Madras.
Clmis, or Cliivcnzg, a fortified town
If Piedmont, on the river Po, u milea
]!«KofTurTn.
CHR
Ciiiusfif » (Irong town of Italy, in the
Veronefe, on the river Adigc, in a nar-
row pafs, <4 miles nnw of Verona.
G/iiusit a town of Tufcany, in the '
Sienne(o, on the river Chiano, 35 miles
iE of Sienna.
Cliiutaju. or TCrttajah, a townof Afiatic
Turkey, capital of Natolia Proper.
Here are fevcral mofv]ues, and three
Armenian churches ; and in the vicinity
are fome warm baths. It Hands at the
foot of a mountain, near the river Pur-
fak, 7s Jniles se of Burfa. Lon. 30
47 E, lat. ,^9 16 N.
CJmielnik, a town of Poland, in Po-
dolia^ on an ifland formed by the river
Bog, 80 miles nC of Kamifiieck. Lon.
3750 E, lat. 49 44 N.
C/ioczim, a town of European Tur-
key, in Moldavia, furrounded by walls.
It was taken by the Ruffians and Auf-
trians in 1788, but reftored at the fub-
fequent peace. It is feated on the
Dnieft:er, no miles nnw of JafTy;
Lon. 26 25 vv, lat. 48 46 N.
C/ioiseui, a town of France, in the
department of Upper Marne, 12 miles
NE of Langrts.
Chollcl, a town of France, in tht de-
partment of Mayenne and Loire, with
a ciftle, 27 miles ssw of Angers.
C/wlm, a town of Ruffia, in the go-
vernment of Pflcov, on the river Lovat,
180 miles s of Peterfburg. Lon. 3114
E, lat. 575 N.
C'hfnadf an epifcopal to\^n of Hun-
gai7, foated on the Maros, 25 miles b
of Segedin.
Chorasun, or Korasmi, a province of
Perfia ; bounded on the n by Charafm
and the covintry of the Ufbec Tartars,
E by Bukharia and Candahftr, s by Se-
geftan, and w by Me/anderan and the
Cafpian fea. It is about 450 miles in
length and 430 in breadth. The capita
is Mafched.
(Viorgcs, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Upper Alps, 10 miles t
of Gap.
Churlry, a town in Lattcafhirc, vvith
a market on Tnefday, and confiderable
manufafturen of cotton. In the neigh-
bourhood are quarries of afliler, flag*
.nnd millftone ; and mines of cod, lead,'
and alum. It is feated near the Liver-
pool and Leeds and the Lancafter ca^
nals, fix miles ssg of Prcfton, and aoHP
NW of London.
Chbule, a town of Hindooftan, on th*
coaft of Contan, with a harbour for
fmallveflels, which i^ fortified. It be-
longs to Portugal, and is 24 tnilcti s of
Bombay.
ClnitHtmg, a town of W PrulS*/
iS
. G II R
vith a caftle on a hill, iituate on the
Surge, 15 miies sk of Marienburg.
C'/ira/t/jMrt/i.aborough in Hainpihire,
governed by a mayor, with a market on
Monday, and a confiderable trade in
knit nik dockings and watch-ftrings.
Here are the remains of a caftle and a
priory ; and the church is a large and
interefting ArufJlnre. It is feated on
the Avon, oppofite the influx of the
Stour, 25 miles s of Salilbury, and too
sw of London.
Christiana, a town cf Delaware, in
Kewcaftle county. It ftands on a na-
vigable creek of its name, and is the
greateft carrying place between the na-
vigable waters of the Delaware and
Chcfapeak, which are hero only 13 miles
afunder. It is four miles sw of New-
caltle.
Cltrisfianliirg, a town of Virginia,
chief of Montgomery county, fituate
on Ihe w fid»; of the Allegany mountains,
ntar a branch of the Ku.maway, 170
miles wsw of Richmond. Lon. 80 50
V.', lat. 3 7 .'; N .
Ciirin'tinubinf;, a fort of Guinea, on
the Gold coalt, fubjtiit lo the Danes.
Lon. I 55 E, l.U. 4 10 N.
C'linsliuiiJ'eid, a tonn of Denmark,
in the duchy of Slcfwick, built by a
fooiety of Moravians, under the pro-
t«r(ftiou of Chrilliau vii. All articles
manufaJlureil here are oi rxcclltnt qua-
lity. It is eight miles n ol Haderileben.
i'hristliiruuy the capital uf Norway,
and an epifcopal lee, ui the government
of Aggtrhuys; fituate at the extremity
of a fertile valley, forming a femicircu ar
bend along the fliur»; of the hZf of Bioi-
ning, which forms the n extrt-nuty of
the gulf of Chriiliaiiia. It is divided
into the city, the fuburbs of Water-
landt, Peterwigeii, and I'ii'uiiiigen, the
furlrcfp of Aggerhu^B, and t^.e old town
of Oplloe. The city was rebuilt in its
prefcnt fituation by C'hriftian iv, after
a plan deligntd by himfclf. The ftrcets
are carried at right angles to each other,
and uniform.y 40 feet broad. It covers
a coHfidcrablc f;xtent of ground, but has
not more than jo,ooO inhabitants. Thf;
caltle of Aggurhuys is built on a rocky
eminence on the w fide of the bay, at a
fmall diftanc" from the city. Oplloe
wai the fitc of the old city, burnt in
1624: it coif*aiiiH till- epifcopal palate.
Chrirtiania hi* ^n (f.^;cciient harbour, aiid
it* principal exports arc tar, foap, iron,
copper, deals, and alum. It is 30 mile.i
fron the open <«a, and 2fyO n by w of
Cop<.'r.hagen. Lon- 10 50 e, lat. 59
50 N.
i^ftristianupltf a Atong fraport of
C H R
Sweden, in Blekingcn, feated on \\^
Baltic, 13 miles NK of Carlfcrona. loa,
15 47 K> lat. 56 36 N.
Clitistiamand, a fcaport of Narway
in the goveinment of Bergen, and ci!
pital of a province of the fame name
which is famous for iron mines. It i|
feated at the motith of the Torril'dali,
oppofite theifle of Fleckcren, iiomila
ESE of Stavanger, and iso ssw of
Chridiania. Lon. B 40 e, lat. 58 ijn,
Ckristians/adt, a fortified town of
Sweden, in Blekingen, built by Chrif.
tian IV of Denmark, when the country
was in the power of that crown. Tin
chief trade is in alum, pitch, and tar;
an,1 it has manufat^urcs of cloth and
filktn fttiffs. The town is feated in a
marlhy plain, on the rivtrHelge-a,\vh;ch
is navigable only for fmall craft, 57 mib
w by s of ("ailiaona. Lon. 14 mt I
lat. 56 25 N.
Clirisiumsund, a town of Norway, in
the ifland of Foflen, with a commodiusi
harliour and wharf. The chief trade ii |
in timber. It is 36 miles a^w of Dron-
theim.
( 'lirisiina, St. the principal of the I
illands called Marquefai. See Mm.
t/uans,
Clirixtinrliamj a town of Sweden, in
VVcrmeland, ■» the k end of the iakt
VVtnncr, 30 n.lies sk of Carlftadt.
C/iristiitcntadt, a feaport of Sweden,
in E Bothnia, at the mouth of a river,
on t'le gulf of Buthr.i.i, 155 miles .n by
w of Abo. Lon. :i i8 k, lat. 6:4o!(.
Christmas Island, an illaiid in the Pa-
cific ocean, fo named ly Cook, whj
firlt lauded here onCh:illmaj-day 177;
It ir, 45 milts in circumftrtncc, uiiin-
habited, and dcltitute of frefli water,
but has ibnndance of fine turtle. Lwi.
^57 ?>''■' ^ > l^t. 1 59 N.
Cttristntas Sound, a bay ou the s |
coaft of Terra del Fuego, fo nami;d by
Cook, who pafled here the ijth oi |
December 1774. The anintry is bar-
ren, and the rctrclhments to begot htru
arc chit.fly wild fowl. Lou- 70 3 w, lat.
SS ii ^
Chriitophf de Lagunn, St. the ca-
pital of the ifland of Teiicriff. Urn \
the courts of jullice are held, arid the
governor has a palace, but he commonly
refidcF at St. Cruz. It ftands on an
eminence, in an exrenfivc fertile plain, j
and has Icveral fountains fupplied with
water from the neighbouring heights by
an aquedud. The lake from which i!
has b<-cn fuppofed to take its name ii |
now a very inconliderablc piece of water,
Lon. i6 lb w, lat. Mi 29 x- I
Chrittuylieif ^1. er ^/. A*i//;, oneof
C H II
:kingen, featcd on tlit
NK of Carlfcrona. ion,
16 N.
!, A fcaport of Narway,
ent of Bergen, and «.
■ince of the fame name,
IS for iron mines, h ij
louth of the Torrifdali,
,' of Flcckeren, iioroila
nger, and lao ssw of
on. 8 40 E, lat. 58 jjN,
!t, a fortified town oi
ikingtn, built by Chrif.
mark, when the couiiity
ver of that crown. The
n alum, pitch, and tar;
inufat^un'S of doth and
The town is feated in a
rnthc rivtrHelge-ajwhkh
y for fmaU craft, 57 mib I
iVcrona. Lon. 14 iue,
d, a town of Norway, in
aJVcn, with a comraodiuni
(harf. The chief trade i, I
is 36 miles *^w of Dron-
iV. the principal of the |
Marquefai. See Mat.
n, a town of Sweden, in
■■* the E end of the Lie
ia'i siiof Carlltadt. !
dt, a ft-aport of Sweden,
at the mouth of a river,
Jothiil.i, 155 miles N by j
n. ii iB K, lat. 6s 40N.
<Uuu:, an illand in the Ik-
J named by Cook, who
•eanCh:illmaj-day 177;
in ciicumfcrcnce, uiiin-
Icltituto of frt'fli water,
ancx of tine turtle. Ion.
1 59 N.
'uunJ, a bay tni the s
del Vuego, I'o uaindbv
fled here the ijth oi
^. The country is bai- 1
trclhmeiits to b(- got here
fowl. Lou. 70 i w,l»t.
? /,(r^«rirt, St. the ca-
land of Tencriff. !!«(
Juftice arc held, and the
palace, but he commonly
JCruz. It l\ands on an
In exrentivc fertile pla"i»
Ifountains liipplied wilti
Incighl.ouring heights by
Irhe lake from which rt
Iftd to take its name u
llidevablc piece of water,
lat. "It] 19 X- ,
C H U
the Leeward iflanda in the W tndies, 60
I -jieg w of Antigua. It was formerly
inhabited by the French and Englifll ;
but, in i7>3. ''« wM ceded to the latter.
It is 15 miles long and four broad, with
hieb mountains in the middle, whence
rivulets flow. Between the mountains
are drcadfiil rocks, horrid precipices,
land thick woods ; and in the sw parts,
Ibot fulphurous fprirtgs at the foot of
jthem. The produce is chiefly fugar,
Icotton, ginger, indigo, and the tropical
[fruits. It ^"^'as taken by the French in
|x78»,bnt rcftored the next year. Baf-
Ifsterre is the capital.
I Chruditn, a town of Bohemia, capital
[of a circle of the fame name, which is
Iremarkable for a great number of fifli-
rponds, and an excellent breed of horfes.
lit ftands on the river Chrudimka, 46
Eniles ESE of Prague. Lon. 15 41 e,
lit, 49 53 N.
Cliucutio, a town of Peru, in the dio-
refe of Paz, on the w fide of Lake Ti-
Jticaca, called alfo the Lake of Chucnito,
fj30 miles nw of Pa/. Lon. 70 z6 w,
lat. 16 ao s. ^
Chudleighf a town in Devonflure,
Aith a market on Saturday. The neigh-
iiourhoed is famous for cider, and for a
llupendous rock of bluilh limeftone,
bailed Cbudleigh marble, in which is a
large cavern. This town was almoft
Entirely deftroyed by fire in 1807, and is
low rebuilin|. It is feated sear the
feign, mue mdes sw of Exeter, and 185
r by s of London.
Chuganseriai^ a town of Hindooftan,
1 the province of Cabul, on a river of
|he fame name, 80 miles e of Cabul.
Lon. 708 E,lat. 3455 N.
] Chukoltkija, a province of Siberia,
Ind the moft eafterly of the dominions
If RuiTia. It extends from 156 to 197
t lon. and from 63 to 73 n lat.
Chumleigh, a town in Devonfhire,
[rith a market on Thurfday, feated on
pe river Taw, ai miles nw of ^xeter,
Dd 194 w by s of London.
' Chunarf a ibrtrefs of Hindooftan, in
lUahabad, built on a rock, fortified all
pund by a wall and towers. It was
nfuccefsfully attempted by the Englifh
I 1764; but in 1 77 2 it was ceded to
hem by the nabob of Oud^. It is
ated on the right bank of the Ganges,
5 miles s of Benares, and 140 w by s
fPatna. Lon. 83 10 e, lat. 2$ 10 n.
[Chunauh, a river of Afia, the chief
ithe fire eaftern branches of the Indus.
[rifes in the Tibeti.-m wunmt.iins, runs
irough C'afhmere and Lahore, and joins
lis Indus 10 miles below MouUan. This
rer is tbc Acvliitca uf Akxandtr.
C 1 N
Chun-te, a city^ of Chiija, in Pe-tcoh*
li, with nine cities of the third rank
under its jurifdidlion. It is aoo milei
NNWofPeking. Lon. 114808. lat. 375 n.
Chuprah, a town of Hindooftan, ia
Bahar. on the left bank of the Gangesa
a 8 miles wnw of Patna.
Chuprak, a town of Hindooftan, in
Candciih, on the Gool, 60 miles w oi
Burhanpour.
Chur. See Coire.
Chruch Stretton, a town in Shropfhire,
with a market on Thurfday, 14 miles
s »{ Shrewfbury, and 158 wnw of
London.
Chusan, aa ifland on the E coaft of
China, with a town called Ting-hai, and
a much frequented hai hour. Lon. 1*4
o E, lat. 30 o N.
Ckuquisaca. See Plata.
Ckusistan. See Kusistu 7»
Ciatnpa, or Tdampa, a fmall kingdom
of Afia, bounded on the n by Cochin-
china, 8E by the China fea, w jnd nw
by Cambodia. It is more elevai'.ed thaa
Cambodia, but not fo fertile; having
tradls of fand interfered with rocks. ^
The produ(ftions are cotton, indigo, '
and bad filk; and the inhabitants are
much employed in tifhing. Fencri is
the capital.
Cicacule, a town of Hindooftan, ca-
pital of one of the Northern Circars.
It is 150 milas ne of Rajamundry, and
a 08 ENE of Hydrabad. Lon. 84 8 e,
lat. 18 16 N.
Ciclut, a frontier town of Dalmatian
on a rocky hill on the w bank of the
Narenta. It was taken from the Turks,
b^ the Venetians, in 1694, and is fix
miles sw of Narenta. Lou. 18 a a e,
lat. 43 a9 N.
alley, a town of Germany, in Sti-
rla, capital of a circle of the fame name.
It has a confidcrable trade in merchan-
dife going to and from Vienna and
Tricft ; and is feated on the Saan, where
it receives the Kodin^ and become*
navigable, 58 miles s by w of Gratz.
Lon. 15 19 E, lat. 46 ai n.
Cmbrisham, a feaport of Sweden, in
Schon»n, 24 miles s of Chriftianftadt-
Lon. I ^ 30 E, lat. 56 40 N.
Cinaloa, a pidvimje and town of
New Navarre, on the gulf of California.
Vhe aborigines in this province are
robuft and warlike, and were with dif-
ficulty brought to lubmit to the Spa-
nirirds about the year 1771. This pro-
vince produces abundance of maize,
legumes, fruits, and cotton, and abounds
in the richeft gold mines. The town
it feated on a river of the £unc aune*
Lon. 109 35 w, lat. a6 15 m.
L t
C I R
■ Cinchtnaii, the brgeft town of the
ftatc of Ohio, and the capital of Hamil-
ton county. It'ftands on the Ohio;
and two miles higher up, oppofite the
mouth of Licking river, ip Fort Wafh-
ington. Cincinnati haa two edifices for
public worfliip, and is the emporium of
the trade of the ftate. In the vicinity
many relics of ^reat antiquity have
been found. It is 8 a miles nnk of
Frankfort, and i6o w by 9 of Marietta.
Lon. 8x 4a w, lat. 39 6 n.
Cinrp, a town of Sicily, in Val di
Mazara, in th^ neighbourhood of which
excellent manna is colle<5led. It it 20
Qiiles w of PaJermo.
yj '^, a town of the Netherlands,
in the territory of Liege, 17 miles su of
Namur, and 37 sw of Liege.
Cinque Murs^ a town of France, in
the department of Indre and Loire, 10
ipilos Nwof Tours. ><
Cinque Parts, certain ports on the
s coaft of England, oppolite France, fo
called on account of their being five in
number, when their firft charter was
granted by William i, in 1077. Thefe
were Dover, Haftiugs, Uithe, Romoey,
4nd Sandwich ; to which were afterward
added Winchelfea, Seaford, and Rye.
"that king appointed a conftable of Do-
ver caftle (who is now called Lord War-
den of the Cinque Ports) and inverted
bim with the command of thefe ports,
whofc inhabitants had conCderable pri-
vileges and immunities, for which they
were to fupply fie government with
57 (hips, at 40 day's notice, and to pay
their crews during 15 days. At that
period, the opulent traders of London
wrre ftyled barons ; a privilege that
was enjoyed Hkewifo by the merchants
of theft.' ports, whofv reprefeutativea, to
this day, are ftyled Barons of the Cinque
Ports.
Cinque f^illas, a town of Portugal, In
9cira, fi^ miles ne of Almeida.
Chitra, a town of Portugal, in Eftra-
madura, fituate between the mountains
of Cintra, on the N fide of the enUance
«,f the T'li"- Here was a palace built
Ky the Moors, which v m deftroyed by
an earthquake in i^j;^, and rebuUt by
icing Jofeph. It is la miles Nw 01^ Lil'-
boii.
Ciotat, a fcaoott of France, in the
dotiartment of Mouths of the Rhone,
«Ieh;n^ed by a iftrong fort. It is famous
for mufcadine win<r, and featcd on the
bay of Laquec, 14 miles se of Marfeilles.
iCou. 5 41 E, lat. 43 i»N.
Circars, five provinces of the Dec-
c<^\ of mndooftan, on the bay of Ben-
gil. TRey \iei^ ocisiually. tknominat-
C I R
cd Northern from their pofUion in r»
foeft to the Camatic. Of ' hefc Cirars
Guntoor belongs to the ni/.im of tbt
Deccan; and Condapiliy, ^H^'rc;. Raj).
mundry, and Cicacole, are in the polTei
fion of the Englifli. The laft fourei.
tend from the n bank of the rivo
Kiftna to the lake Chilka; forming)
narrow flip of country 350 miles Innj,
and from s6 to 75 broad, bounded bi
mountains and extenfive foreft^ on thg
fide oppofite the lea. The EngiiiK cit.
c.jrs had been ced«d to the French, bJ
the nizam of the peccan, in 1753; ^\
they were conquered by the Englifli iq
»759-
Circassian one of the f«ven CaucaCaj
nations, between the Black (ea and the
Cafpian; bounded by the govemmni
of Caucafia on the v, and by Mingrdij
and Georgia on the s, being feparited
from Ruffia by the river Cii')an. H
contains the diftridt pf Great Caharda,
Little Cabarda, Beflon, Temirpoi, Aba.
fech, Bfeduch, Hatukai, and Blhani
This nation, from their cxtraorjinarj
courage and military geniu;;, might bt
formidable were they united under ont I
chief; but as tliey fuhfift by raifing cattle, I
and are therefore forced to refidc on the I
banks of rivers^ for the fake of water
and paftyrage, they become divided
into fcparate and hofVile tribes. From |
thia difunion the Circaffian^ of the Cu-
ban poiTefs fo little power as to be I
fcarcely known even to Rufiians, butb;
the general appellation of Cuban Tar.
tais, in which they are confotimled with |
the Abkhas and Nogays, thtir ntigli.
hours. The Cabardian Circadians art|
the mod powerful pcojle pf the s
of Caucai'us; and this, l"nperi«rityb|
introduced among tbei?-neighbouisfiicli
a general imitation of their maiim'ri,l
tl\.ll iVom a defcviptiou of thefc anidiJ
m;iy b^fi^rmed of all the reft. Tiwyarel
divided- into three clall«3 ; the princes>l
the ulUens or nobles, and the vairaisafl
peafants. A certain number of pta-f
fants is aUotted to each princely fanilv.
In each of thefe, the eldeft indiviiiiill
is confideredas ch'ef of the fwriiily, .d I
as judge, protedlor, and latlier of all I
the vaiFals attached to it. No prince I
can be a landholder; he has no otlietl
property than his arms, hojfes, (laves I
and the tribute he can extort from tlic I
neighboiuing nations. The p^rfoiiofl
tvery piinc is fiicred ; but this is lit I
only diftinttion of birth when umccoifrl
panicd by perfonal merit: the greatell
honour a prince can acquire isthatull
■ing the faft of the na,tion tociiarjtr
lue enemy. The priacci. arc nottolnl
CI R
Tom their pofi»ioninr»
matic. Of ^hofcCirars,
[}gs to tilt) niz.'im of %
Zondapiliy, ElUut;, Rajj.
;icacole, arc in the poffet
igliQi. The IhO foiirei.
e K bank vi the rivo
lake Chilka ; forinjiig j
■ country 350 miles Innj, I
Lo 75 broad, bounded b;
i extoftfive foreft^ on tin
he fca. The EnghlK clr-
ceded to the French, bj
the Peccan, in 1753; boi
iquercd by the Enghfliiq
np of the f«v«n CaucaOa*
Een the Black fca and llu
nded by tbo governmni
n the N, and by Mingrelij
on the s, being feparated
by the river Cuban. It
diftridl pf Great Cabarda,
a, Beflen, Temirgoi, Abj.
h, Hatukai, and Blhani.
from th«ir extraoi'Jinatj
military genius, might be
ere they united w"d( r ore
hey fubfift by raifing cattle,
fore forced to refidi; on the
;r8, for the fake of waiet
;c, they become divided I
and hoftiVe tribes. From
the Circaffians. of the Cu-
b little pow«;r as to be
■n even to Vuflians, butbj
ppellation of Cuban Tar.
they are confoiuided witb
md Nogays, thtir ntigb.
Cabardian Circallians are]
i.-iful pcoi le pf 'he n
and thi& fnperiwrity has
ong thei^r neighbouvs fiid
litation of their maiincrs,
ifcviptiou of thefcanidcj
iofall the reft. They are
hreo clalVes ; the princes,
nobles, and thevalulsa
certain nunibt-r of pea*
d to each princely fanilv.
lefe, the dditft indiviii.ul
ch'ef of the family, .»J
itedor, and father of all
,:ichcd to it. Ni) prince
[bolder; he baa uo other
his arms, hojfes, 0.ws
Itc he can extort from the
[nations. The palonof
Is f:ucredi but this is tie
of birth when uniccoffl-
Ifonal merit: the greatej
;e can acquire is that*
of the nation toclii^
he prittc«. ajrcnottoK
cr R
Ididinniilhed in time bf peace From the
biobii 8, or even from the peafants ; their
Ifowl and drtfs are the fame, and their
kpiiles little bttter. The nobles are
Ichoftii by the princes from the inferior
cl.ifs; thty are the officers of the prince,
ahd the executors of the laws, and are
fmpioyed in the gtnicral ^flemblies of
^hc nation to gain the affent Of the peo-
ple to the meafnres propofed by the
princes. The vaffals, as well as the
Alliens, are proprietors of lands. The
Circiflians do not appear to have ever
had any written laws., but are governed
by a kind of common law, or colleflion
of ancient ufages. They have few ma-
nufadlures; and their agriculture pro-
duces barely fuffic'-^nt for their own
juhfiftence Sheep and horfes are the
principal articles of their commerce,
Particularly the latter, which fell at a
high price; but the balance of trade
noiild be confiderahly againft them,
lore it not for the flaves which they
inkt in their pretlatory excuriions. At
She birth of a prince, fome ufden, or
pinnetimes the prince of another family,
! cbofen by the father as bis futufe gre-
Jccptor; at twelve years of age, he
leaves his father's houfe for that of his
Dreceptor, by whom he k taught to
fide, to uie arms, and to fteal, and con-
peal his thefts; and does not return to
I'S father's houfe until his cunning, ad-
lircfs, and ftrtngth, are fuppofed to be
borfeft. The preceptor is recompenfed
by nine- tenths of the booty m'ade by his
pupil while under this tuition. This
mode of education is perfevtred in,
iiith a view to prevent tho bad efle<38
|)f paternal indulgence, and is fuppofed
be peculiar to the Circaffians; but
llie objtd of education is the fame
Iraongall the mountaineers of Caucafu.s,
Ivho univerlally fubfift by robbery.
piiis are brought up by the mother :
Ihty learn to rmbroider, to make their
Bwndrefij and that of their ftiture huf-
MiiiU. Tl'a (luigl\tt rs uf Haves n^ceive
Ihe t we eil»\eation, and are fold accord-
|tig to their beauty, from ao to \ ooi.
Ihele are principilly Oeof-pians. Their
imfical inftnimerttrt arc a long flute
fiih only three ftops, a fpecies of man-
linei and a tambourin. Their daneos
livf little gayety or expreflion ; the
Itps difficult, but not graceful. The
jiahitation of a Circaflian is compnled
f two huts'} one aHotted to the huf-
^«',;uk1 to the reception of ftrnnger;? ;
ht tither to the wife and family : the
lourt which feparates them is furroiind-
by palifades. Their food is fimple,
tonliiiing of a little tfitdtf itHne pafte
c i T
made of millet, and a kind of b^fl^i
compofed of the fame grain fermented.
Whatever ii.ay have bCen the original
religion of this people, they have been
fucceflively converted to Chriftianity
and Mahometanifm, and have now no
religion or worfliip amoilg them. They
break, without fcruple, fuch oafha asf
they have taken on the bible and the
koran; but there arc certain forftis of
oaths, and certain places in the neigh-
bourhood of their ruins (fuppofed to be
remains of Chriftiah churches) which
infure their fidelity. The Circaffians
have not any letters of their own; thow
among them who write their language
makt; ufe of Arabian characters.
Cirella, a town of Naples, in Calabria
Citeriore, near the fea, la miles se of
Scala.
Cirencester, a boroygh in Glouceftpr-
ftiire, with a market on Monday ancf
Friday. The ruins of ihe walls are yet
vilible; it had alfo a caftle and an
abbey, and here the Roman roads crolT-
I'd each other. It is one of the grentelt
marts in England for Wool : and has a
manufadture of curriers knives, highly
v.ilucd. It is featcd on the Churm; iS
miles SE of GlOHcefter, and 89 w a(
London. Lon. 1 38 w,lat. 51 43 u.
Cirie, a town of Piedmont, fe.ntcd oh
the Doria, near the foot of the Alps,
eight miles jTn'w of Turin.
Ciy/tnitz. See Cthrntz.
Cimur, a town of Lower Saxony, in
Holftein, feated near the Baltic, ly
milfS N of Travemunde.
Ciftadcfla, a feaport and thi ca^Jital
of Minorca, funourtded by walls antt
baftions, with a good harbour on the w
lide of the iOand. Lon. 3 34 E, lat. 37
58 N.
' Ciffadrlln, a town of Italy, in the
P.iduan, on the river Brenta, zo miles
Nw of Padua.
t\fta (U Casfrl/Of a city of Italy, in
the duchy of Urbiuo, with a caftle;
ftatrd on the Tiber, 37 miles sw of
Urhino Lon. u 18 e, lat. 43 28 n.
Citia \ni)va, a town of Italy, iti the
marquifate of Ancona, on the gulf of
Venice, to rdile^ » of Loi'etto.
Cilta Stiava, ft feaport of Iflria," and
a bifhop's fee, fented on ail itthnius, at
the mouth of the Queto, which form* a
good harbour, a6 miles ssw of Capo
d'Iftria L n. 13 47 K,lat 4<,nN.
Ciffa Ffcckia. ;tfKrri\n^d city of Malta,
formerly the capital of the ifland, .tnd'
ftitl the ftat of the bifhopric The moft
remarkable edifices are the psdawof
the grand mafter, rjnd tbe cathednd.
Here are ectenliie* oatawombs*, about rj
C I V
feet below the furface of the rock in
Which the^ are cut; they contain Arret*
formed with fuch regularity, that the
title of Subterraneous City hai been
giver to this place. Near the city is
the Grotto of St. Paul, divided into
three parts by iron grates ; in the fur-
theft part is an altar, and ftatae of the
faint, in white marble- This old city
was confiderably larger than at prefent ;
for the new city, valetta, being more
conveniently feated, has drawn away
the greater number of its inhabitants.
It ftands on a hill, in the interior of the
ifland, fix miles w by » of Valetta.
City Point. See Bermuda Hundred.
Ciudfid Realf a town of Spain, ca-
pital of Mancha. The inhabitants are
noted for dreffing leather for gloves.
It is two miles from the Guadian;t, and
98 s of Madrid. Lon. 3 57 w$ lat. 39
I N.
Cxudad Real, a city of Mexico- See
Chiapa dos Espagnols.
Ciudad Rodrigo, a town of Spain, in
Leon, and a bifhop's fee, frated on the
river Aguada, 50 miles sw of Salamanca.
Lon. 6 25 w, lat. 40 5,) n.
Civita Castellana, a town of Italy, in
the patrimony of St. Peter, feated on a
high rock, at the foot of which is a river
that flows into the Tiber, 25 miles n of
Rome.
Civita della Pieve^ a town of Italy,
in Perugino, 43 miles wsw of Perugia.
Civita di Chietiy a city of .Naples,
capital of Abruzzo Citeriore, and an arch>
bilnop's fee. It contains four churches
and nine convents, and is fituate on a
mountain, near the river Pefcara, s8
miles E of Aquiia, and 96 n of Naples.
Lon. 14. 1% E, lat. 4Z 24 v.
Civita di Friuli, a town of Italy, in
Friuli, feated on the Natifona, 10 miles
Eof Udina.
Civita di Prnna, a town of Naples,
in Abruzzo Ulteriore, near the river
Salino, 25 miles he of Aquiia.
Civita Ducale, a town of Naplc*i in
Abruzzo Ulteriore, on the riv^ Velino,
JO miles w of Aquiia.
Civita Mandonia, a town of Naples,
in Calabria Citeriore, n^ar which are
the ruins of the famous city of Sibaris.
It is feated on the gulf of Tarento, at
the influx of the Crati, 31 miles n by k
<)f Cofcnza,
Civita Fccchia, a ftrong feaport of
Italy, in the patrimony of St. Peter,
with an arfenal. The chief exports arc
puzzolana, and a fuperior kind of alum,
pitpared at Tolfa. Here the pope's
fanied are ftationed, and it is a free
^ort. It wa» taken by the French iu
C L A
179S, and retaken by the Auftrianimj
Kuflians in 1799. It is 35 mileiMwcf
Rome. Lon. 11 46 e, lat. 42 5 n,
Civilella, a town of Naples, in Otur,.
to, five miles n of Taranto.
Civray. See Sivray,
Claclimannan, a borough of ScotUni],
and the county-town of Clackmannan.
{hire, with a harbour formed by th(
Devon, at its conflux with the Forth.
On the top of a hill is a fquarc towni
which derives its name from the illuf!
trious Robert Bruce, whofe great fworj
and cafque are here preferved. It ij j.
miles wNw of Edinburg. Lon. 3 3)
w, lat. 56 5 K.
Clackmannanshire, a county of Scot.
land, bounded on the s and sw by tlit
Forth, and on all other fides by Vtnl
{hire. It is eight miles long and lite |
broad; products good corn and paf.
ture, and plenty of coal and fait. Tte I
number of inhabitants in 1801 m\\
10,858. This (hire, with Kinrofs, f«idi |
one member to parliament. Clackmaa.
nan is the county-town, but Alloa isth |
larRcft.
Clagenfurt, a town of Germany, ca.
pital of Carinthia. It has a firong wall, I
and contains fix churches and thm
convents. Here is a manufafture of
cloth, and a confiderable one of white
lead. This town was taken by the
French in 1797. It ftands on the rim
Glan, 140 miles sw of Vienna- Lon. i^ |
7 E, lat. 46 41 N,
Clair, St. a lake of N America, h.
tween the lakes Huron and Erie, 90 1
miles in circumference. It receivts the
waters of the lakes Superior, Michi.
gan, and Huron, and dilcharges then,
through the ftrait called Detroit, into |
the lake Brie.
Clairac, a town of France, in the de^
partment of Lot and Garonne. Cora I
and tobacco are cultivated, and a great
deal of wine and brandy made hen;. It
is feated in a valley, on the river Dort, |
13 miles NW of Agen.
Clamery, a town of France, in the I
department of Nievre. Before tht! late
revolution, the chapel of an hofpitalin
the fuburb was the provifion for tlit
biftiop of Bethlehem, who was fixed
here in 1180, after the Chriftians had
been driven from the Holy Land. Cla-
mecy is feated at the confluence of
the Buevron with the Yonne, 35 mil"
NNE of Nevers. Lon. 3 36 e, lat. 4?
28 N.
Clapham, a village in Snrry, three
miles ssw of London, noted for many
handfome villas, which chiefly furrouwll
a beautiful commQn.
C L A
ikm by the Avftriani mi
99. It it 35 mileiMwcf
II 46 e,1at. 415 N.
town of Napleii in Otu-.
N of Taranto.
;e Sivray.
m, a borough of Scotlamj,
ty-town of Clackirannu.
harbour formed by ihj
I conflux with the Forth,
f a hill is a fqu.ire towtr,
s its name from the illuf.
Bruce, whofe great fword
e here preferved. It is j.
of Edinburg. Lon. 3 -m
r.
anshirr, a county of Scot.
i on the s and bw by tht
1 all other fides by Vtrii.
eight miles long and Hie
uct8 good corn and paf-
nty of coal and fait. Thi!
inhabitants in 1801 nu
18 (hire, with Kinrofs, f«idi
to parliament . Clackmaii.
mty-town, but Alloa ijths
, a town of Germany, ca-
ithia. It has a ftrong wall, I
I fix churches and thiw
ticre is a manufacture of
conliderable one of white
town was taken by the
I97. It ftandr. on the river
es sw of Vienna- Lon. i^ |
lake of N America, lie.
kes Huron and Erie, 90 1
nfcrence. It receives the
lakes Superior, Michi-
on, and dilcharges them,
ftrait called Detroit, into |
own of France, in the de-
Lot and Garonne. Cora
jre cultivated, and a great I
nd brandy made hen;. It
valley, on the river Dort, |
ofAgen.
town of France, in the
Nievre. Before thi; late
[e chapel of an hofpital ia
as the provifion for the
Ithlehem, who was find
after the Chriftians had [
|om the Holy Land. Cla-
:d at the confluence of
■ith the Yonne, 35 miki
Irs. Lon. 3 36 e, lat. 47 1
village in Snrry, three I
iLondon, noted for many
V, which chiefly furroui4 1
)inQn.
C L A
CInra, Sf. a final! ifland of Peru, In
the bay of Guayaquil, 70 miles sw of
Guayaquil. I.on. 8» jo w, lat. a 70 s.
Clare, a town in Suflx}lk« with a mar-
ket on Tuefday. It is famous for the
gn.it men who have bom the title of
earl and dukf of it. Lionel, third fun
of Edward 1 11, becoming poflelTed of
the honour of Clare, by mnrri.nge, was
created diikf of Clarence; .nnd that
titk' has ever finco belonged to a branch
of the royal family. Here are the ruins
of a caftlf, alfo of a priory, the houfe
of which is now occupied by a farmer,
and the chapel is a barn. Clare has a
mannfadliire of hays, and is feated near
the Stoiir, i? miles s of Bury St. Ed-
mund, and 56 NK of London.
('lure, a county of Ireland, in the
province of Munfter, 55 miles long and
jg broad; bounded on the w by the
Atlantic, n by Oalway, and k and s by
the Shannon, which feparatcs it from
Tippei''T'y» Limerick, and Kerry. It is
divided into -f) pariOies, bas two mar-
ket-towns, and fc-nds three mrmbers to
parliament. The inhabitants are about
(ifi,ooo. It bretd.i more horfes than
any other coiinty in Ireland, befide a
great number of cattle arid ilieep. En-
nisisthe capital.
(.'lart'inotif, a town of New Ilamp-
fliire, in Cht'fliirc county, fitnate on
igar river, at its conflux with the
Conni'fticut, 90 miles WNW of Portf-
raoiith.
Clarendnn, a village in Wiltfhire,
three milis k of Salifljury. Here was
once a royal palace, in which the parlia-
ment was fcvt'val times convened ; the
lirft time by Henry if, in 1164, who
enaiflt'd the laws called the Conftitutions
of Clarendon, by which the power of
the clergy was reftraincd.
Cluriizn, a town of European Turkey,
in Janna, at the mouth of the Penco,
in the gulf of Salonica, 26 miles e of
Larifla.
. Clarh'xlurHf a town of Virginia,
chief of Harrifon county, lituate on the
Monagahcla, 40 miles sw of Morgan-
town. Lon. 80 40 w. lat. 3^ 15 n.
Vlarksrillr, a town of I'enneni'e,
thief of Uoberlfon county, fituate on
Cumberland rivor, at tiro influx of Red
river, 45 miles xu' of Naihville. Lon.
87 z; w, lat. 36 zil N.
Clavdc, »S/. a town of France, in the
department of Jura, and lately a bifliop's
fee. It owes its oripin to a celebrated
abbey, which was fecnlariztd in 1745.
The cathedral ia extremely eleirant ; and
here are many public fountains with
large bafius. It is feated Ix-twcen three
CLE
hlph mountains, on the river Lifon, .55
miles NW of Geneva. Lon. 6 x8 E, lat.
46 34 N.
lUaverar, a town of New York, in
Columbia coun'y, feated in a large plain,
near a creek ot its name, two miles e of
Hudfon.
Claiitrn, a town of Germany, in Ty-
rol, with a cafllc. The adiacent coun-
try produces a fine red wine. It ftands
near the river Eifack, eight miles .'•w
of Brixen.
Claiiscnlinfr, or C'>ini>vnr, a town of
Tranfylvania, where the dates of the
province generally afTemble. On one
of the gates is an infcription in honour
of Trajan. It is feated on the Samos,
60 miles NNW of Hi-rmanftadt. Lon.
13 20 K, lat. 46 s/; N-
Ctaituf/ial, a town of Lower Saxony,
in the duchy of Brunfvvick. Here is'a
mint for coining money ; and near it
arc fome rich filver mines. It ftands in
the Hartz mountains, 14 miles ssw of
Goflar.
Clui/, a vlll.ige in Norfolk, fe.Ued on
an arm of the fea, firar miles nn'w of
Holt. It has fome large falt-works.
CInir, <'f7/;f, thefouthern promontory
of a little ifland called Clare, on the s
of Ireland. Lon. 9 50 w, lat. 51 15 n.
Clrevr, Old, a village in Somerfet<hire,
two miles sw of Watchet. Here are
confulerable remains of a monaftery,
fome parts of which are converted intt)
a granary, ftablcs, &c. for an adjoining
farm-houfe.
I'lcnlurit, a town in Shropfliire, with
a market on Thurfday, feated on the
river Uea, 28 miles ssf, of Shrewlbury,
and 137 xw of London.
Clinic, or Clairac, a town of France,
in the department of Lot and Garonne,
on the river Lot, 10 miles nw of Agcn.
Clrrkr Isles, two iflands near the en-
trance of Beering ftrait, between the
coafts of Kamtfchatka and N America.
They were feen by Cook in 1778, and
fo named in honour of captain Gierke,
his fecond in command. 'I'hey were
both inhabited, and not unknown to
the Ruflians. Lon. 169 30 w, lat. 63
('Irrmpnf, a city of France, capital of
the department of Puy de Dome, and a
bilhop's fee. It is feated on an eminence,
and fometimes called Clermont Ferrand,
linre the town of Montfenand, about a
T ile diftance to the nk, was united un-
der the name of a fuburb. The cathe-
dral, public fqnares, and walks are very
tine ; but the ttreets are narrow, and the
houfes built of (tones of a gloomy hue.
In the n<>>«hbourhood are fume mineral
.^J^
IVAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)
//
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HiotDgraphic
Sciences
Corporation
23 WEST MAIN STREET
WEBSTER, N,Y. I45S0
(716) 87^-4503
^
t
€ L I
iprings; «nd that of the fuhurh SI- At*
!yre itM ibroied a n^^nral bridge OT«r
the brook into whic^i it falls, &> tbat
carriages can pafs ovesr- Clermont ii the
birthplace of the Celebrated Pafcal> and
has manufadlures of ratteen^, druggets,
ferges. and leather. It is 86 miles s of
Nevers. Lon. 3 5 St lAt 45 47 »•
Ciertnonl, a town of Fr^nce^ ip the
department of Ueraultf with manufac-
tures of cloth and h.UB; f^atcd on an
eminence near the Logue» 10 miles sss
o^ Lodcve, and 24 w of Mootpellier.
C/tTmor»/,~a town of Fr^ce, in the
department of Meufe> on an eminence
by the river Ayr, la miles w by s of
Verdun.
Qermont, a town of France, in tl»e
department of Oife, on a^ eminence
pear the Brefche, 37 miles n of Paris.
Clermont^ a town of New York, in
Columbia county, n miles s of Hudfon,
and 117 N of Now York.
Cleryy a .v. -n of France, in the de-
partment of Loiret, once famous for
the piifrrimages to our lady of Cleiy.
JJ^ere is the tomb of that monlter X-ewis
XI, who appears, in white marble, as
the faint and the patriot king. It is
nine miles ssw of Orleans.
Clevef a duchy of Weftphalia, former-
ly dividct nto two parts by the Rhine,
but the part on the w of that river was
ceded to France in 1800. It is a fine
country, variegated with hills, woods,
fjfclds, towns, and "iliages; and the
chief rivers are the Rhine, Lippe, aqd
Hoer. The capital is Wefel.
. Clcve, a city of France, in th- depart-
ment of Rotr, lately of Germany, and
the capital of the duchy of Cleve. It is
feated on the caftern fide of three hills,
two miles w of the Rhine ; and has a
caftle, built in the time of Julius' Cefar.
It is 70 miles nnw of Cologne. Lon. 6
12 E, lat 51 48 N.
Clifft a town in Northamptonfhire,
with a market on Tucfday, 30 miles nb
of Northampton, and Hi nmw of Lon-
don.
Cliflon, a village in Gloucefterfhire,
feated on .\hi(l, near Briltpl. It is much
viifited by the gentry on* account of its
ronaantic fcenery ^d the hot well in its
neighbourhood, upon the Lower Avon,
at the foot of St. Vincent rock.
Clissa, a fort ofDalqiatia, taken from
the Turks by the Venetian^, in 1684.
.ItisXcated on a craggy mountain, fix
milea n of Spalatto.
. C'Usotii a town of France^ jn the de-
pa,rtnaif i}t of Lower Loire, (?p the river
StY^f^ 14 mites S| of Nantes<
G 1^3 H
vrith a market on Saturday, tjere ar«
tbe remains of an ancient caftle, fief eral
exteofive cottQO manufaAuregi, «Qd a
trade in lime, it isfieated near Pendi'
hill and the river Kibble, tz miles sb ot
Lancafter, and 317 nhw of London.
dottier, a town of Ireland, in Tyrone*
and a bifhop's fee. It wa9 almoft laid
^afte by a ore va 1610, and is now much
fmaUer than formerly. It'is ao miles w
of Armagh.
Clottamtiff a borough of Ireland, in
the county of Cork, on a bay of its
name, s8 miles sw of Cork.
Clonfertf a town of Ireland, in the
county of Galway, and a bifliop's fee
united with Kilmaqduagh. Tbe cathe-
dral fetve's as a parifti church. It is 43
miles K of Galway. Lon. 8 26 w, lat.
S3 1° »•
Clonmel, a borougi 1 of Ireland, in the
county of Tipperary, with a confider-
able woollen trade ; feated on the river
$ure, 13 miles sse of' Caihel.
ClanniineSf a borough of Ireland, in
the (Siunty of Wexford, at the head of
Bannow bay, 16 miles wsw of Wex-
ford.
Cloppenhnrg, a town of Weftphalia,
in the principality of Munfter, 31 miles
N£ of Lingen.
. Cioster ^eiSurg, a town of Auftria,
vrith an Aiiguftine convent of regular
canons. It has a yard for (hip-building,
and is feated on the Oaiuibe, feveii
miles NNW of Vienna.
Cioster Seven, a town of Lower Sax-
ony, in the duchy of Bremen, memora-
ble for a convention entered into be-
tween the duke of Cumberland, and
the duke of Riohelieu, commander of
the French armies, in 1758, by which
38,000 Hanoverians laid down their
arnis and were difperfed. It is 19 miles
s of Stade.
Cloudt St. a town of France, in the
department of Seine and Oife, with a
magnificent palace; feated on the Seine,
eight miles w of Pfuis.
Clovelly, a village in Pcvonfliire,
tkree miles ene of Haitland. It is built
on the fide of a fteep rock, to which the
houfes feem fixed like pigeon-hut5^ j
and it has a good pier iq the Briftol
cb<uinel.
Cloye, in CUiSf a town of France,
in the department of Eure and Loir,
five miles sw of Chateaudun.
Cloi/ne,a. town of Ireland, in tie
county of Cork, and a bifhop's &e, 16
miles c of Cork-
Clitndert, a town and fortrefa of 8
Holland, near an arm of the fea, called
ll^^^nds Dkipj 111 ;;;93 iJ^ wh« tit^-o,
COB
by the French* who were obUged to
evacuate it foon after; but it furrender*
ed to them in 1 795. It i» nine miles s e
ofWiilUmfkadt. •
Ctuny, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Saonc and Loire, with a late
famous BenediAine abbey, feated on
the Grofi\e, 10 miles nw of Macon.
Cluse, i town of Savoy, in Faucigny,
feated on the Arvc, aa miies be of 6e-
neva.
Clwfit a "^er of Wales, which nfes
in the middle of Denbighlhire, runs
through a fertile vale of the fame name,
and having entered Flintfliire, flows into
the Irifli fea, fix miles below St. Afaph.
Clifdet a river of Scotland, which
rifes in the s part of Lanerklhire, pafles
by Lanerk, Hamilton, Glafgow, Ren-
frew, Dunbarton, and Port Glafgow to
Greenock, where it enters an aim of
the fea, called the Frith of Clyde. This
river runs, for feveral miles, between
high rocks, and in its-courfe forms feve-
ral cataraAs. At Glafgow it becomes
navigable, and lix miles below that city
it h joined by the Great Canal from the
Forth.
ClythenesSf a cape of Scotland, on the
SE coaft of the county of Caithnefs.
Lon. 3 3 w, lat. 58 i6 w.
Coamo, a river of Africa, which nibs
in the interior parts, crofles the king-
doms of Afatambaand Angola, and en«
turs the Atlantic in lat. 9 ao a.
Coast Castle, Cape^ the principal fet-
tlement of the Englifh on the coaft of
CuiHeat with a ftrotig citadel. It is 10
miles ENS cf St. George del Mina. Lon.
o I E, lat. 5 N.
Coble, the capital of the territory of
Darfbor, in Zahara, fituate ob the bor-
ders of Kubia, i$o miles wsw of Sen-
nar, and 500 sk of Mathan. Lon. eft
S E, lat. 14 1 1 w.
CohhatHf a village in Surry, on the ri-
ver Mole, feven miles sw of Kingfton.
It has ftveral handfcme villas, two me-
dicinal fprings, and a ounufiaAure of
iron and copper.
Gobi, a defart part of Tartary, called
Ghamo.by the Chinefe; bounded on the
V by the country of the Kalkas, b by
the Moguls and Chiuefe Tartary, s by
China, and w by Calmuc Tartary.
Cohtja, a town of Peru, in the audjence
of Chavcas, with a goixl harbour for
ve0el8 tarrying th$ metal from the
neighbouring mines. It is ^,50 milea s
of Arica. Lon. ^ 44 w, lat. a» ao s.
Cobtentz, a cj^y of France, capital of
the department of Rhjne and Mofelle,
lately of Germany, in the eleAorate of
Tren^ea. It wa« Ibe refidence qf the
coc
eleAor, who built a aew palace heref
the old one being on the oppoiite lidtt
of the Rhine, in the vale of Ehftnbreit*
ftein Here are a great number, of fine
cluirches and convents, and a oollegel
Coblentz wait taken by the French in
1794. . It is feated at the confluence, of
the Mofelle with the Rhine, fa miles
NE of Treves. Lon. 7 38 8, lat. 50 ax vt.
Coburg, a town of Upper Skaxony,
capital of a principality of > the iama
name, with a college, a fort, and a
caftle. Here are manufodures of porce^
lain, and alfo of petrified wood, with
which the country abounds. It is feat*
ed on the Itch, as miles k by B of Bam-
here. Lon. u x« B,lat. 50 17 v.
Coca, a town of Spain, in Old Caftile*
with a ftrong caftle for ftate prifoners;
feated among mountains, on the river
Erefina, a8 miles nw of Segovia.
Cochabambaf a town of Peru, capital
of a rich province of the fame name, in
the audience of Charcas. It is iia
miles NNW of Plata. Lon. 6f xj vr, lat.
18 o s.
Cocheim, a town of Franc^ in the de»
partment of Rhine and Moielie, lately
of Germany, in the elcAoratc of Treves;
feated on the Mofelle, 25 milef> >m of
Coblentz.
Cochin, a province on the w coaft of
the peninfula of Hindooftan, lying be-
tween thofe of Malabar and Travancore,
80 miles in length, by 70 in breadth. It
is governed by a rajah, who \fi tributary
to the Englim.
Cociin, a fortified feaport of Hindoo-
ftan, in the province of the fame name.
It was a Dutch fetUement, but taken
by the Enghft in 1795. u io 1 90 miles
s by B of CaKcut. Lon 76 5 c, ht. g
56 M. •
Cochimdma, a kingdom of Afla,
bounded on the e by the China fea, t»
by Ttmquin, w by Laosand Cambodia,
and s by Ciampa. The climate ia
healthy, the Amuner beat being temper-
ed by regular breezes from the fea.
September, October, and Novembei*
is the rainy feaibn, when the low landa
ave fuddenly overflowed by torrents of
water from the mountains: the inua*
dations happen generally once a fort-
night, and continue three or four days.
In the three following months there aro
frequent rains, brought by cold north-
erly winds, which diftrnguifli this coun-
try with a winter different from any
other in the egCt. ' The inundations
render the land fruitful, many part*
producing three crops of gtain in tte
year. Giold is almfon taken, ptu;. from
the aunesy and these ateriah fit«c#
COD
mines. The cottitry, is interfered by
rivers, which are well calculated for
promoting inland commerce, yet not
larfsre enough to admit veflels of great
iHirden; but there are commodious har-
bours un the coiift, parti Ailarly that of
Turon. The aborigines of Cochin-
china arc called Moys, and they inhabit
the chain of mountaiiTs which feparate
it from Cambodia, To tbefe ftrong
bolda they were driven, about the be>
ginnirg of the 15th century, by the
prefcntpoffeflbrs of the country. They
are a favage people, very bUcIc, and in
features refcmble the Caifres. The pre-
fent inhabitants bear evident marks of
being derived from tb; fame ftock as
the Chitiefe; their religion is alfo the
fame, nnd mod of their manners and
oiftoms. They are a courteous, affa-
ble, inoffenfivc race, rathur inclined to
indolencf^. 'I'he women are by far the
moft aftive fex, and merchants often
employ them as their fa(ftors and bro-
kers. The cities and towns have gates
at the end of each ftrect, which are
fbut every night. The houfes are moft-
ly of bamboo, covered wiUi rullies or
the ftraw of rice, and ftand in groves of
oranges, )imeSf plantains, and cocoa
trees. Here is plenty of fugar, pepper,
rice, yams, fweet potatoes, pumpkins,
and melons; alfo ivory, mufk, honey,
and filk: and' the edible birds-nefts,
efteemed a luxury in China, are chiefly
found - in this country ; thrv are as
;ixrhite as fnow, formed by a fpecies of
fwallows from fome unknown vifcous
fubftance, and great numbers are ex-
polled. The capital is Hue*
Cocker^ a river which rifes in the s of
Cumberland, flows through the lakes of
£uttermere,Cromack-water,and Lowes-
water, and joins the Derwent, below
Cockermouth.
Cockermouthy a borough in Cumber-
land, with a market on Monday. It
fiands on the Cocker, at its conflux
with the Derwent, and between two
hills, on one of which is a handfome
church, and on the other the remains of
a ftately caflle. It has manufaAures of
lliallooos, coarfe linen and woollen
cloths, leather, and hats. It is 36 miles
9W of Carlifle, and 305 knw of London.
Lon. 3 15 w,lat. 543* n.
. L'oconato, a town of Piedmont, the
birthplace of Columbus, ao miles e of
Turin.
Cod, Cape, on the s fide of Bofton
liay, in the ftate of MaiTachuf^ts. Lon.
70 14 w, lat. 4a 4N.
, Codognitf a town of Italy, in the
L^dcfaoy near the conflucoce o£ the.
COI
AMa. with the Po, 19 miles sse of
Lodi.
CodomuiUf a tofwn of Hindooftan, in
Coimbetore, feared near the Cavery, a
little above the influx of the Noyclar,
33 miles sse of Bhawanikudal.
Coel, a town of Hindopflan, in the
country of Delhi, 33 miles n of Agra,
and 65 8 E of Delhi.
CoesJ'eld, a town of Weflphalia, in
the principality of Munlter, near the
fource of the Burkel, 18 miles ^ of
Munfter.
Carrordnt, a fortified town of Hol-
land, in OveryfTel, and one of the flrong.
eft placfs in the who!n country. It ft.inds
in a morafs, on the river Aa, 33 miles s
by E of Groningen. Lon. 6 44 t, lat.
5* 4' "•
C'of(gFshaI, a town in EfTex, with a
market on S.iturday, and a manufafture
of bays ; fiated on the river Blackwater,
feven miles w of Colcheftcr, and 44 em a
of London.
Cognac, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Charente, wit4. a caftle,
where Francis i was born. It is cele-
brated for excellent brandy, and feated
on the Charente, 17 miles w of Angou-
lefme.
Coptte, a town of Fiedmont, in a val-
ley and on a river of the fame name.
The mountains which furround it are
rich in mines of iron and copper. It is
fix miles s of Aofta.
Cogui, or Konieh, a city of Afiatic
Turkey, capital of Caramania, and the
fee of a Greek archbilhop. The walls
have ro8 fquare towers at forty paces
diftant from each other ; and it has two
large fuborbs, into one of which the ca-
ravans and ftrangers retire. It is a place
of great trade, and feated in a country
abounding in com, fruit, pulfe, and
cattle, s6o miles ss of Conftantinople.
Lon. 33 30 K, lat. 37 30 N.
Coimbtf ore, a province of the penin*
fula of Hindooftan, lying s of My 'ore,
to which it was lately fubjeA, but ceded
to the Englifh on the final defeat of Tip-
poo in 1799. ^^ is 1 10 miles long and
70 broad ; and is divided by the river
Noyelar into two diftridts. North 3nd
South, of which Bhawanikudal and
Daraporam are the chief towns*
Cormhlore, 1 town of Hindooftan,
the ancient capital of the province of
the fame name. It was t.nken by gene-
ral Woadows in 1790, and retaken in
1 79 1 byTippoo, who loon after deflroy-
ed the fort. It contains sooo houfes,
an extenfive mud palace, and a tolerable
mofque, built by Tippoo, who fome-
timea rcHdcd kere ; but it has do large
COL
tempk- The palice nov fervet at »
barrack for a regiment of Britifh cavalry.
The chief manu£i6tures Are inuflifl«» and
cotton cloths ; and thefe, with cotton
wool and thread, tobacco, fugar, and
beteUeaf are the principal articles of
trade. It ii loo miles s by e of Serin-
gapatam. Lon. 77 6 b., lat. 11 o v.
CoimliTB, a cit]^ of Portugal, capital
of Beira, and a biihop's fee. with a ce-
lebrated univerfity. The cathedral is
magnificent, befide which there are nine
cburcAiest and eight convents. It-ftands
ona^ountain, on the river Mondego,
100 miles NB of Lifbon. Lon. 8 ao w,
ht. 40 15 N.
Coire, or Chur, a town of SwilTerland,
capital of the canton of Grifons, and a
bimop's fee. It is furrounded by an-
cient brick walls, with fquare and.
round towersi and divided into two
parts, the leaft of which is of the catho-
lie religion, and the greateft of the pro-
ttftant. The French furprifed and de-
feated the Auftrian army at ^bis place
in 1799. It is feated between two
mountains, on the river Pleflur, near
the Rhine, 25 rniles esb of Olarii. Lon.
9 3* E, lat. 46 48 N.
Cokenhausen,^ ftrong town of Ruflia,
in th« government of Livonta, on the
river Dwina. 50 miles se of Riga.
Co-king, a city of China, of the firft
rank, in the province ofYu-nan, 1x60
miles ssw or Peking. Lon. 100 1 e,
lat. 16 35 w.
Col, one of the Hebrides of Scotland,
lying to the nw of that of Mull. Ii is
IS miles long and above two broad.
The fuiface is rocky, but it produces
fome corn and pafture, and has fcveral
fmall lakes repleni(hcd with 6(h.
Colar, a town of Hindooftan, in My-
fore, with a large mud fort, and the re-
mains of a hill-fort. It is the birthplace
of Hyder Aly, who ere^ed here a band-
fotne maufoleum for his father ; and
near it is a mofque, and a college of
Muflulman prieft«. The chief manu-
factures are cotton cloths and muDins.
It is 40 miles ene of Bangalore, and
140 w of Madras. Lon. 78 9 e, lat.
13 ON.
Colbene, a town of Tripoli, on the
sw part of the gulf of Sidra, 90 miles
ssE of Meffurata.
Celberg, a fortified feaport of Further
Poroerania. It has a collegiate church,
good linen manufa<5tures, and confider-
able falt-works. The RuflTiant laid
iiege to this town in 1758 and 1760,
without fuccefs i but it Surrendered to
them j^er a lone fiege in 17 61, -and
was rcftorcd at Vi« fobfequcBt peice.
COL
It Is finted at the nuMth of tiiePerTaat
on the Baltic, io milMNi of Sttttia
Lon. IS 36 E, lat. S4 9 I'*
CoUhetter, a borough of Eflex, go*
vemed by a mayor, with a market on
Wednefday and Saturday. It is fi»ted
on an eminence on the Coin, which w
navigable to a place called Hythe, where
the cu^otnhoufe is fttuitte. The tosm
was furrounded by a wall, now demo-
iiihed ; and to the B are the! remains of
an old cattle. Here were fonneriy 16
churches, but now only t« are afed;
and moft of them were damaged in
1648, when the town furrendered to the
army of the parliament, after a menuir-
able f:ege. The town is famous for
oyfters and eringo-roots, and has a lam
manufaAure of baize. In 1801 toe
number of inhabitants was II, sao. It
is fla miles sw of Ipfwich, and 51 enb
of London. Lon. o jS t, lat. 5151 h,
Colchester^ al town of Virginia, ia.
Fairfax county, on Ocquoquam creek*
three mllea A'om its conflux with the
Potomac, and :6 sw of Alexandria.
Colchester, a town of Conne<flicut, in
New London county, so miles nw of
New London.
Colchester, a town of Vermont, m
Chittenden county, on a bav of Lake
Champlain, at the inBuxj of the Onioo^
14 miles N by E of Burlington.
Colding, a town of Denmark, in Jut-
land, formerly the refidence of mxn^f
Daniih kings, who adorned it with fe-
veral edifices. The harbour is choked
up, audits commerce nearly annihilated.
It is feated on the Thueths. near its es-
trance into a bay of the Little Belt, 30
mil^s ENE of Ripen. Lon. 9 a5 b. lat.
55 .W ^'
Coldingham, a town of Scotland, Hi
the county of Berwick, anciently noted
for a nunnery, built by Edgar, king of
Scotland. Ebba, one of the abbeSes,
renowned in tradition for her chaftity,
gave name to the neighbouring promon-
tory called St. Abb Head. It is ninu
miles NNW of Berwick.
Colditz, a town of Upper Saxony, in
Mifnia, with manufadtures of linen and
ftufTs, feated on the Mulda, is miles st
of Leipfic.
Coldttream, a town of Scotland, in
the county of Berwick Here general
Monk iirft raifed the CoMftream regi-
ment of guards, with which he marched
into England to reftore Charles 11. It
is feated on the Tweed, over which ia
a handfome bridge, 13 miles sw of Ber*
wick.
Colengara, a town of Hindooftan, in
the province of Coimbetorc. It ha*
COL
» Iiif\ • tmpltfii and 15 4 cAnAderabk
ft>r tk« trader* between 8«ritiga'
patam and th« country below the raft*
cm Gautt. ft U $4 miks sb of Serin-
papatMR.
CoifW—k D^€, a vUlagc in Shrop-
Air««on the banks of the Severn, two
flviict w by B of Brofelry. It ftandt rn
■ windiog vale, between two vait hrlls.
«faich)irecoTered whh banging woods.
Here are n)Hny kilns for burning lime-
Sonet the moft eonliderable iron-works
fl» England^ abridge, over the Severn,
conftrudted nf cail iron ; a fpring of
ioSA tar, or pctrolciim ; and a work for
«btainfHg a rnniLir kind of tar, from the
condentrd fmokc of coal.
t'oknet, C«pf,^a cfupe ofthcifland of
•f New Caletlonia, in the Pacific ocean.
Lon. 164 56 E, lat. zo 30 s.
C'liftraiiif a borough of ireUnd, in the
county of Londondtjrry. It has a ce-
lebrated maiuifadtire of linen, and is
fMited on the river Bann, 15 mHes tt&
•fi-ondondvny.
Colertrin, a town of the ftate of Geor.
pia, in Camden county. A treaty was
concluded here, in 1791't, between the
United States and the Creek Indiann.
It is tinted On St.- Mary river, 35 miles
W by N of the port of St. A!ary, and
. 140 8 by B of LciilfviUe.
C'lltskiil, a town in Warwickihire,
with a mArhet on Wcdneiday, ieated ou
5 hill, by the river Cdle. ic miks £ of
imrdngham, and 105 kw of London.
CtlJ'md, a town in Gloocefterihire,
«hh a market on Tuefiday, five miles
BitK of Monmoutby and 124 w by n of
l«ndon* -
. Colmot * tottn of Mnico, in Me>
choacan, fcated in a fertile valley, on
the /tver Netiualapa, T30 ntiles w by s
tf Mecfaoacaii. Lon. 104 3.5 w, lat. 19
ja w.
, CoUt an ifland of Scotland, oite of the
Bebrides, to the w xw' of Mull; 13 mikar
long, and three broad. The greateft
fwrtis covered with heath, and aboundtf
with rabbits; and many bbelt-oattle are
led here. The caftle of CoU is a ftrong
ituacebuHt'ftrufturc, ^d ftiH im toler-
ate repair.
Collatau^jiy a town of Hindooft^, in^
Mabva, near the river Sit:d<r, 50 mUes
1K of Chanderee.
Volley a towi»a^ Tufcany, on ft bill
tear tiie river Elza, 10 miles nnw of
Slenoak
.. Co/ZfJayiStown of Upper S((Xon)i>in>
7b«iringia, oa the Unftruk, 19 miie* w
by v»of Wehnar. ^ »
Cvi'/feure, a town of Wtgmni in the
dcpaiiincQt of £afteui Syreoecsi- wpt^
C O L
caftle. It WBS taken by the Sptf^tatth
in 1793, but retaken the next yeart It
has a fmall port on the Mediterraneam,
16 miles ssB of Perpignan.
Coliumpton, a town in Devonihire,
with a market on Saturday, and a con-^
flderable trade in woollen ^loth. It ii
feated on the river Culm, is miles mrk
of Exeter, and 160 w of London.
Cotmaff a town of France, oapital of
the department of Upper Rhine. It is
furroundrd by a wall, flanked with
towers, near the river III, 41 milop s by
w of Straiburg. Lon. 7 tt b, kit. 4I)
5N.
Colmars, a town of France, in the de»
partment of Lower Alps, ao miles btis
of Dignel
Coin, a river which rife* near Clar#
in Suffolk, paflTcii by H^tlftead and
Colcheflcr in Eflex, and enters the
G«rman ocean, at the e end cf Merfey
ffland. In the inlets and pools at the
moitth of this river are bred the famous
Colchefter oyfters. There are feveral
fmadl rivers of the fame name in £ng*
land.
(JaMroAk, a town in BuLkingbam-
ihire, feattd on the river Coin, 17 milet
w of London.
Vvltte, a town in Lancafhire, with s
market on Wednefday, and a trade iN>
flialloons, <;aIamancos, tamnties, call*
cos, and dijmities. It is ieated on a hilt,
near the Leeds canal, 36 miles sb of
Lancafter, and 218 nnw of London.
CoiocythiOf a town of European Tnr-
key, in the Morea, on the w fide of .»
bay to which it gives name, 36 miles s
of MlAtra- Lon. >« 24 k, lat. 36 38 n.
Colocztt, a town of Hungary, on the
Danube, and an archbifliop's fee, 5/
miles s of Buda. Lon. 18 29 k, lat.
46 38 Tf'
Cohnna, a town of Italy, in the Pa»
duan, 26 miles w of Padua.
Cotognei a late archbifhopric and
eledlorate of Germany, in the circle of
Lower Rhine; bounded on the N by the
duchy of Ctev« and Gelderland, e by
the duchy of Berg, s by the archbiOiop*
rie of Treves, and w by the duehy of
Juliers. Some detached parts of this
territory lie 00 the b fide of the Rhine,
and in tSoowere given as indemnitiei
to the neighbouring German princes}
bat the pntictpial piurt, w of the Rhine,
BOW belongs to France, and is include^
ifl the Apartment of Reer.
ColiigMt a fortified city of France, in
tb* depaMment of R«er, with aut:iver>
flty*. It was lately an imperial' city of
Ckirnianyi, capital tof the eleAbratt of
ColBgiiir «ad a» jvobbkhop^t iic«. M
COL
cont»ias to collegiate and tf perochifl
ohurchest »n4 many oth«r reltgid<t<
foHndations i all of which are fam^uafor
their fine paintings, their troafi\Tffc of
their relitfts. Cvlogwt i» the hhrtbplacc
of the great Rubebs; and was once ec*
Ivbrated for ita commerce, which is now
dwindled to the manufadture o* f, f«w
tibandS) lt(x:kings, < and (ume tobacco.
)t owes its decay to prrfircution ; to the
«xpul0Qn of the Jews in 148J, ami of
the jroteftants In 1 6 1 8- Two thirds of
this city have fince fallen into ruins^
and Greets and fquares arc con?«itcd
into icitcheogardons and vineyardai U
b r<fat«d on the Rhinci 17 miles e of
JuJiers. Lon. 6 55 a, lat. i© 55 K.
(JolomiiTs, a town of France, io the
department of Seipe and Marne, 18
miles SE of Meaux, and 40 R of Paris.
Cvhngoiu, a town of Hindooftan, in
Malabar* with conitderable mamifac-
Vires of cotton ; &ati«d at the foot of
mountains on th« a, 27 miles sw of
Cotmbetore, and 53 e by s of Paniany.
Colouna, a town of Italy, in Canapag-
na di Roma, 18 miles a of Rome.
Colonsa, a fertile tfland ^f Scotland,
to the w of Jura. It is feparated on the
s fvom that of Oronfa> by a narrow
channel, which being dry at low water,
they may .be con&dered as one idctnd,
alHMit IS miles long and two broad.
Cohoff » town of Utndooftan, in the
ciicar of GuntooTt, near which is a dia-
moiid mine. It is Atuate on the s ftde
(^the Kiftnah, 13 miles nw of Comlavir.
C(>t«fado, a river of New Mexico^
whicl^ being jomed by the river of the
ApoAles, enters the n part of the gulf of
(jilifornia.
Co/orno, a town of Italy, in the duchy
of Parma, feated near the Po, 10 miles
?r of Parma.
CoJtamar. See Claus^nburg.
Cohterworthta,v\l\a.%^ia Lincolnfliire,
OK the Witham, eight miles s of Gran*
tfcam, celebrated for being the birth-
place c^ the famous tir liaac Newtcn.
Columbf Sf. a town io Cornwall* with
a. market on Thurfday, feated en a hUl,
26 miles VNW of Peoryn, and 949 wsw
of Loudon.
Columhiot ft riwer in the »w part of
K America, whofe fource is unknown.
Some of its head waters nearly commu-
nicate with thufe of the MilTourl ; and in
1805 it was entered, where 8*0 yards
wjde, by captains Lewis and Clarke^ wha
paQ4>d down it to the Pacific ocean^ in-
to a bay of which it enters, by a mouth
above three miles wide, in lon. laj
24 w, lat. 46 19 N. See Missouri. The
SyAQianla olaim Uw difeovxtry af thit ri-
COL
nt, and call it Entradi < dc iC^,
the commander of the yeflel, who ii
laid to bo the 6r|t diw*««rrr, but it was
DOt entered by him*
Columbia, a territory of th« United
States of Amn>ica. the (eat of the £»<
d<iralcity< See tyikskingtoiu
ColiimHa, a city qf S CarvdiM,
pita^i of Kttr(haw eoMnty* atvl the
of governnDcot t4 the ftate; but
branch of each of the public offices j
rutaiaed in C^ar\«ftoo. It is fituat* <
the Congaree, juft below the eonfliist
of the Saluda and B«oad rivers, no
nailcs NNw of Charlcftofi and ijo awr
of Ralegh- Lon. &i »o w, tat. ^ ^g tr«
C'olumi/iiaf a, town of Virfrinia* i*
Goochl?nd county, fituate on James ri-«.
v«ry at the influx uf tlie Rivanna, 4omi)ef
above Kichmoud, and too sw of Alat*/
andria.
Columhia, a town of Ftfnn(yivania^.
inLancafttr coiitily» fitua>e on the Sii^:
quchaiMta,at Wright's f^nry, 12 miles ««
of Lai)ca^er» and 70 w by M of Phi)»>
d^phiat.
0>lnmbi«, a to«nt o€ the diftriok
of Maine, in Walhington county, fituate .
on Pl^fant river, jiear the Atlantic, 15
nviles wsw of Maehiaa. .
Cqluml^iq, » town- of the ftate of
Ohiujin HajtjiUon county, feated on the.
Ohio, jiift below the infttm of theLit^
Miami, eight m\m v- hy :> of Cincinuati.
Columl'Of the Bcitiih' capital of Ceyhnc
It was boiit in i6;:)i&b]rtbe Portuguefe,
who,in i658,weFeexpellcdb)!theDtttciU
and they furrendered it to thefing liA t*
1796. The fort, upw»rd of a mH« itt'cii>>
ciiimference,ftandsoakthe entremitfol ai>
peninfula, and i» Along botb bynatuw^
and art. The town i» built mote inthe
European ftyle than any othef ganifim
in India, and neaaly divided into fongtr
equal quarters by two principal Arects^
to which fmalleroaa* run paralle]^ with
conaeAing lines betwtsen them. Tke:
natives live in the qld town,, without the
walls of the n«w. The infajdailaRt!*
amount to above 300,000. Hen i».m
fchool for the pwopagation of t-he'Ch«}f«
tian religion* and a botafiical giaidcn«
The harbour ia aetbiug more than a^.
open road, afibtding fafe anchorage only
from December tq April. NoAwithftand*
ing this, Columbo is the chief jgl(ice> fiat
the Aaple trade ,of the ifland. Tliearti-
cles exported are ciimamon, peppeiv at*
rack, and coy» rope, qr cordage; alfo «,
nuini>er of inferior actick*, a6 b«tel-lealb .
areka nut, jaggoey Car sort of bJachiflr-
fugar) cocoa-nuta and oil, waa, honey,^.
cardamons, coral, ivory, ft-uit* iSk. Co* .
lumlM ia fiittgic iiiA»«ll4iMd »i^tte
<30M
iTiBMft, toirard the s part of the ifland.
; hbo:f9 49 s»lat. j 4^-
Ct/ntMiM, atafwnofRDflia,inthego-
^rcnunent of Mofcow, and an arch-
biffliop*s fee, to miles sb of Mofcow.
Lon. jfi ts >» lat. a sv.
Caluri, an ifland of Greece, fbrmerlf
called Salamii, near the coaft of Lhradia,
feveo milea long and two broad. The
Iprincipal town it of the fame name, on
the a fide, with an excellent harbour, 17
taUca w by s of Athens. Lon. 43 45 b,
lat. 3S o K.
QilyttHtt a town in Devonihire, with
a market oi| Thurfdajr, feated on the
Cole, at Us confluence with the Ax, 17
mika b of Exeter, and 15 x w by s of
London.
Con, a town of Perfia, in Irac Agemi,
with feveral beautiful mofques, and feme
grand fepulchres. The trade is confidcra-
ble; and the chief articles are fruit both
frefh and dry, the befl: foap in Perfia,
excellent Avord blades, white porcelain,
filhs, and velvets. It is feated near the
foot of a mountain, and on a river
id a fine plain, x 10 miles nn b of Ifpahan. ,
Lon. 51 10 E, lat- 34 30 N.
Conuxchio, a town of Italy, in^theFer-
rarefe, feated in a lake of the fame name,
lying between two mouths of the river
Po, ij miles bse of Ferrara.
Camana, See Oimana.
Comanagotta, a townofTerraFirma,
10 miles w of Cumana.
Come Martin, a town in Devonihlre,
with a market on Tuefday. It is feated
on an inlet of the Briftol channel, fur-
rounded by lodes of iron and lead, the
produce nroro which is (hipped for
wales and Briftol. It is fix miles e of
Ittncomb, and aoa w of London.
ComL'tm, a town of Hindooftan, in
'the country of Cuddapa, 65 miles n of
Cuddapa.
C»mlamet, a town of Hindooftan,
in Golconda, 68 miles £ of Hydrabad.
CbmiUthf a town of Hindooftan, in
Bengal, and chief place of the country of
Tipera. It is feated on a river that flows
w mto the Burrampooter, 58 miles esb
of Dacca, and xg8 bnb of Calcutta.
Loo- 91 20 E, lat. 33,35 N.
CorAineSf a town of the Netherlands,
in Flanders, on the river Lis, eight miles
S8B of Ypres.
Commendof or Commant, a kingdom of
Guinea, oh the Gold coaft, fornnerly a
part of the kingdom of Fetu. The natives
are of a warlike difpofition, and fo nu>
Qterops, that the kmg is faid to be able
to raife an army of zo,ooo men. The
capital, where the king refides, is called
Grand Commend* or Guttb; four miKes
COM
to the s of which, on the ftaeda^, !j
Little Commendo, where the Englifli
and Dutch have forts. Lon- o 34 x, lat.
Commfrcjf, a town of France, in the
department of Meufe, with a caftle, feat'
edon theMcufe» 16 milesE of Bar le Due.
Comtnotau, a town of Bohemia, in the
circle of ^aatai. . Its alum-pits, and the
great quantities of fruit and vegetables
raifed here, are the principal part of its
trade. It is 5S miles nw of Prague. Lon.
13 30 E, lat. 50*7 M.
Comot a town of Italy, in the Mila«
nefe, and a bifliop's fee ft is furround-
cd by a wall, backed by a conical emi-
nence, on which ai« the ruins of a caftle.^
The cathedral is a handfome edifice of
white marble, hewn from the neighbour-
ing quarries- The inhabitants have
manufactures of cotton and filk,and car-
ry on fome trade with the Grifons. Pliny
was born here; and, in his Letters, fpeakt
of the delightful fcenery of its environs-
It ftands at the sw end ot the lake of Co-
mo, tS miles s of Milan, and 80 ne of
Turin. Lon. 9 7 b, lat. 4$ 44 n.
Cono, Lake of, a lake of Italy, in the
Mihnefe, 30 miles in length, but not
above fix wide in any part- Toward the
s it divides into two branches; at the
and of one ftands the town of Como,
end at the other, Lecco. The river Ad-
da runs 9 through this lake, by Lecco.
Comora Islands, five iflands in the
Indian ocean, between the coaft of Zan-
guebar, and the N part of the ifland of
Madagafcar. They are called Hinzuan,
Mayotta, Mohilla, Angezeia, and Co-
-mora- See Hiniuan.
Comorin, Cape, the moft fouthem
point of Hindooftan. Lon- 78 5 b, lat.
7 56 N.
Comorn, a ftrong town of Hungary,
capital of a territory of the fame name-
In 1783 it was nearly deftroyed by an
earthquake. It Is feated on the DanubCr
in the iOe of Sehut, 55 miles esx of
Prefl)urg. Lon. 18 15 e, lat. 47 46 N.
Compitgne, z town of France, in the
department of Oife. Here is a palace,
in which the kings of France often refid-
cd. The Maid of Orleans was taken
prifoner here in 1430- It is feated near
an extenfive foreft, on the river Oife, 43
miles NE of Paris. L01. % 50 b, lat- 49
»5 »^-
Compostella, or St. Jago de Compos-
tella, a city of Spain, capital of Galicia,
and an arcbbilhop's fee, with a univer-
fity- The public fquares and thechurches
are magnificent ; and it has a great nuni-
ber of convents for both fexes. It i«
prAeodcd that the body of St. James,
th
an
w
ca
or
fci
ri\
M
da
Tl
pel
Ga
an(
i ftacda^, ii
the Englifli
34 «, lat.
•ance, iii the
1 caftle, ieat«
FBarleDuc.
lemia, in the
•Its, and the
1 vegetables
part of its
'raguc. Lon.
n the Mila«
is fitrround-
:onical emi-<
iBofacaftle.
le edifice of
: neighbour-
itanta have
li)k,and car-
rifons. Pliny
Iters, fpeakt
its environs.
^ lake of Co<
nd 80 HE of
Italy, in the
th, but not
Toward the
ihes; at the
n of Como,
lie river Ad-
by Lecco.
nds in the
oaft of Zan<
le ifland of
Hinzuan,
and Co*
fouthem
78 5 E, lat.
Hungary,
ame name.
>yed by an
le Danube*
es ESK of
47 46 N.
rtce, in the
6 a palace*
>flen refid-
was taken
'eated near
T Oife, 45
B, lat. 49
Compos'
if Galiciaf
a univer-
echurches
;reat num-
es. It i«
It. Junesy
CO Iff
the patrofi of Spain, was btiried Iiere}
and pilgrims vifit his wooden image,
which ftaads on the great altar of the
cathedral. From this city the military
order of St. Jago hiid its origin. It is
featcd in a beautiful plain between the
rivers Tambra and Ulla, 155 miles vv^by
M of Leon- Lon. 8 a; w, lat. 4a 5a n.
C'dmpoj/«//<i,atown of Mexico,in Oua-
dalujara, capital of the diftri(S of Xalifco.
There are leveral minen of iilver in its
neighbourhood. It is no miles w of
Guadalajara. Lon. 105 4sw,lat. ai 15 s.
CoHcan, a low tradt of country, on the
W coaft of the D«rccan of Hindooftan.
From this tn£t rifes abruptly that ftu-
pendous wall of mountains called the
Gauts. It is fubje(ft to the Mahrattas,
and lies between 15 and ao n lat.
ConcarneaUf a town of France, in the
department of Finifterre, with a caftle ;
Teated on a fmall inlet of the fea, 16 miles
9E of Quimper.
. Conception, a fcaport of Chili> in the
Pacific ocean, and a biihop's fee. The
old city was deftroyed by an earthquake
io 175 1, and part of ita ruins are vilible,
o(i the SB fide of the bay^ near the town
«r Talcaguana. The new city is nine
miles from the fite of the old one, On the
river fiiobio, and contains about 10,000
inhabitants. The bay of Conception is
one of the moll commodious harbours
in the world, aud iheltered from all
winds but the north. The city is of
great extent, and feated in thf moft fer-
tile part of Chili, 330 miles n of Valdivia.
Ijon. 7a 40 w, lat. 36 43 s.
Conception^ a feaport of Mexico, in
the province of Veragua; feated near
the Caribbean fea, on the river Veragua,
33 miles KNw of St. Jago. Lon. 81 40
w, lat. 8 48 N. ^
Concobella, a town of Guinea,, in An-
7.iko, the refidence of a prince; feated on
the river Zaire and borders of Congo,
I so miles sw of Moofol. Lon. 1 5 54 e,
lat. ass.
Cancordf a town of Neiij HampHiire,
in Rockingham coiinty, feated on the
Merrin^ac, over which is a handlbmc
bridge, 54 miles wnw of Portfmouth,
aud 58 sw of Hanover. ^
Concord, a town of MaGTachCifets, in
MIddlefex county, with a handfome
court-houfe, and three bridges over the
river Concord. This town was the feat
of the provincial congrels in 17 74, and the
fput where thefirit oppolition was made
totheBritiih troops in 1775., It is lii
miles NNW of Oofton.
Concordia, a town of Italy, in the Mo-
dcnefe, on the river Scchia, 5 miles w of
Mk-andolp.
C ON
Coneorefto, a town of Italy, In PrtuUt
%i miles !isw of Udina.
Condanorc, a town of Hinilooftan, ia
Golconda, 34 miles b of Adoni. '' ''
Condapillj/f a town of HindooAiiir«
capital of one of the five Circars. it is
fituatc near the bay of Bengal* 80 mile*
ssK of Rajaraundry. Lon. 80 30 b, iai.
1637 N.
Condapowy a town of Hindpoftan, ii»
Golconda, 10 milet s by w of Hydra-
bad. ;
Cnndavir, a town of Hindoofkan, and
the principal poft of Guntoor,ogeof the
five Circars. It is Itranghtftuate oa a
mountain, 30 miles sw or^ondapiliyt'
and 65 NNE of Ongole. , Lon. So 19 w»
lat. i6aa N.
Condd, a flrong town of France, in the
department of Nord. with a fortrefs. It
furreiidered to the allies, after enduring;
the rigours of famine, in 17*9} ; bat was
retaken in 1794, and ordered by iM
convention to have its name changed to
that of Nord Libre. Conde is feated «a
the Scheldt, at the influx of the Haifne,
feven miles n by £ ot' Valenciennes, aad
z6 s£ of Lifle.
Cotidif a town of France, in the de-
partment of Calvados, feated on the Ne-
reau, a8 miles ssw of Caen.
Cundecedo, a cape of N America, in
Jucatan, 100 miles w of M,erida. Lon.
91 1^ v/f lat. ao 50 N.
Condesuyas, a town of Pern, capital of
a diftrid, in which is gathered a fpecies
of wild cochineal that forms a great ar-
ticle of trade. It is 85 miles nnmt uf
Arequipa.
Condom^ a town of France, in the de-
partment of Gers, lately an epificopal f<%.
it is feated on the Baife, ib miles mnw
of Auch. Lon. o 34 e, lat. 43 57 »•
Condore, u fertile i/land in the China
fea, near the coaft of Cambodia. It is in
the form of a crtioent, nine miles long
and two where broadied ) and is fur-
ruunded'by feveral iflets. Buffalos, hogs,
vegetables, and water^are to be had here.
The inhabitants are fmall inftBture,weli
fhap^d, and.of a dark olive complexion.
They have a little idol temple, built of
wood, and thatched like their houfes,
which arc very mean. The Engliih had
a fettlement here in 170a; but the fadtora
falling out with the natives, molt of them
v/cre murdered,and the reft driven thence
in 1705. It has a fpacious bay on the
E iide. Lon. 107 20 e lat. 8 40 n.
Condrieu, a town of France, in the
department of Rhone, celebrated for
excellent wine ; feated near the Rhone,
iti miles s of Lyon.
Cotiflaris, a town of Savayj near ^
COJJ
etntan^ of the Ifere aad Doron« iS
mile* I of Chunbcrry.
Ooiffian$, • town of France* in the
department of Upper Sftonet i a miles*
ofVefoul.
Q,inf»ientt a town of France* in the
4ep«Artmcnt of Charent«y on the riyer
Vknnc, 30 mikt nk of Aagouleftne.
Cong, a village of Trrland, in the
^unty of MayOf 14 miiea s of Caftlebar.
It WM formerly the refidence of the
king! of Connaught ; and the ruins of
frveral ehufchei mad rdigioua houfes
arejret vifiUe.
i^Ng/Weaka toi»n in Chefliire, go<
Tvntedby rmayor, with a market on
Saturday- ft has manufafiurea of lea-
ther and cotton, and a large filkmiK.
H tands on the river JDean* feven miles
a of Maccksfield* and 161 nw of Loo*
don.
Congo, a country on the w coaft of
Africa, between 4 and 15 degrees of t
lat. containing the hbgdoms of Loangoi,
CoQgo, Angola* Mataroba* and Ben-
pttUk It was difcovered by the Por-
tufuefie in 1481 ; and ia boimdcd on
the N by Guinea, iTby parts unkoowit,.
a by Bemha* and w by the Atlantic.
It is fometimes called Lower Guinea ;
and the Portugutfe have many itttle-
nsents on the: coaft* as welt as in the
inland coBBtry. There are many deiert
places within land, in which a*e ele-
phants* tigerst leopards, monkies, and
monftrouB ferpents ; but near the coaft
the foil is more fertile ; and there are
fruits of many kinds* befide palm-trees,
from which wine and oil are made. The
greateft put of the inhabitants gu al-
moft naked: they w(Hihip the fun,
noon* ftars* and animals of different
kinds ; but- the Fortuguefe have made
many converts : they are ikilftil in
Vcaving cotton cloth ; and trad<; in
flaves* ivory,, caflla* and tamarinds.
Congo* properly fo called, is only 150
miles bvoad along the coaft* but is 3 70
inland. < From March to September is
e<tlled the winter ieafun, when it rains
:dmoft everyrd^; and the fummer is
iVom OAober toMarcb, when the wea-
ther ts very hot.. The principal rivers
aire the Zaire and Coanza. The ca-
pital is St. Salvador.
i^ngon, a town of Periia, in Far-
Mant. It is a market for pearls, brought
{r<m\ Babrin, and is feated on a river,
-which flows- into the Perfian gulf* luy
miitis 8 of Shiras. Lon. 5 a 30 a, lat.
•jrijfi K.
mnit ft fortified town of Piedmont,
Capital of a territory of ita name, with
(kdEDCMig citad(4> Its trade is coofidea*
OON
Uef beifif tb« repoGtory for al> the mer-
chaudife from Turin and Nice* which is
intended for Lolnbardy* Swiflhtlmdi
and Germany. It is fo ftrong by na-
ture and art. that tlmsg^ frecpently
befie^ed by the Erenck*they never eooM
take It. In 17^6 it was delivered up to
the French* after their viAory at Mon.
dovi* as a hoftagc for the performance
of a treaty ; and it iurxendered to the
Auftrtans in 1799. It ii feated on a
rock* at the confluence of the Greffe
and Sture, jj miles s of Turin. Loa.
7 44 B* lat. 44. 24 w .
Conje9erav>, a town of Hindooftan*
in the Gamatic. The ftreets/arc tole-
rably wide i and on each ftde is a row
of cocoa-nut trees. Tht. inftabitants
are moft of thend Bramins beloagmg to
two large temples } there i»a>ft) a fmall
mofquc of vevy neat worlnnanflidp. It
is feated near the Falear, 34 mites e of
Arcot, and 44 wsw of Madras.
Conil, a tovrn of Spain, in Andaluda,
on a bay to which it gives name. The
inhabitantt are much engaged in Aihing,
efpecially for tunnies; and beautiful
cr/ftalli^ed fulphur is found here. It
is 18 nules ssa of Cadiz.
Conirif a town of Poland* in the pa-
latinate of Kalifch, feated on the Warta,
I18 miles s by E of Onefen.
CoKtngseckf a town of Suabia* capital
of a county of the fame name* ao miles
N of Conftance.
Coningtvn, a village rn Huntingdon-
flure, near Stilton. It has the ruins of
a caftie ; and is feated at the head of
the river which ftirms Ugmere, Brick-
mere, and Whftdefea-mere.
Conisherg. See Kongsirrg.
Conisbrqught a village in W York-
ihire, five miles sw of Doncafter. It
was formerly a place of Mote* and has
larg6 remains of an ancient caftie.
Conislon-mtref a lake in Lancafliire*
fix miles long and nearly one broad.
Near the head of it, on the nw fide, is
the village of Cbnifton* tbree miles w
by sofHawklhead.
Co»Rang/i^*a-province of Ireland* 13-0
miles long and 8^ broad ; bounded on
the E by Leinfter and Munfter, s by the
latter province, w and « by the At-
lantic, and KB by Ulfter. It contains
the counties of Oalway* Leitrim, Mayo,
Rofctnnmon, and Sligo. The chie^
town is Galway.
Connecticut i one of the United States
of Americn,8; miles long and57 broad ;
bounded on the n by MafTachufets, k
by Rhode Ifland* w by New York* and
s by the Sound, which divides it from
Long Illand. ThU country i» tl»e vmA
Wm coil
BDpulovin, In proportion to Itk extent,
of any of the United 8Ut«i, and pro-
duces the neceflariei and conveniences
of life in abundance. Iti principal ri-
vers are the Connedticut, Houratonic,
and Thame*. It contain* the counties
of hartford, Newhaven, New London,
Fairfield, Windham, LichAeld, Middle-
fcx, and Tolland. Hartford and New-
haven are the chief towna.
Connecticut^ a river of New England,
which rifes in a fwamp on the w confines
of Vermont and New Hampfliire, arid
taking a Ibutherly diredkion, runs into
Long Ifland found. Between Walpole
and Weftminfter are the great falls,
over which isabridge, i6c feet in length.
From its fource to its mouth it is up-
ward of 300 miles ; and is navigable for
large veffels up to Hartford.
C'jnnor, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Antrim, and, united to Down,
is a bifhep's fee. It is fix miles n of
Antrim,
Conquet, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Finifterre, with a good
harbour and road. It is la miles w of
fireft.
Consiglivne, a town of Sicily, in Val
di Mazara, 19 miles s of Palermo.
Constadt, a town of Silefia, in the
principality of Oels, 13 miles ne of
Brieg.
Constance f a fortified city of Suabia,
and lately a bifliop's fee ; feated on the
s fide of the Rhine, between the upper
and lower lakea^ofConftance. Though
once fiourifiiing in commerce, and cer
lebrated in hifliory, it now fcarcely con-
tains 4000 inhabitants. Conftance is
famous for a council, in 1514, whicl^
caufed John Hufs and Jerome of Prague
to be burnt ; and likewife condiemned
the doarine of WickliSTe, and ordered
his bones to be burned 40 years after he
was dead. In 1787^ about 300 emi-
grants ixoTO. Geneva were fettled here,
by emperor Jofeph 11, who granted
them the fecularized convent of the
Dominicans, for a maniifaAure of print-
ed linens. The French took pofieflTion
of this city in 1796 ; and in 1805 it was
ceded, by the treaty of Prcfburg, to the
elcdor of Baden, it is 35 miles nb of
Zurich. Lon. 9 7 e, lat. 47 38 n.
Constance^ Lake q/", the molt coo-
fiderable lake of Swiflerland, which it
feparates from Suabia, that part ex-
cepted where the city of Conftance is
feated on its s fide. It is divided into'
three parts. The upper and largeft part
is called Boden See } the middle part is
named Bodmer See $ and the lower part
Unter See, ZeUcr See, or the lake of
CO It
Zcll. The upper lake is a 7 miles Ion^<-
and 15 in its greateft br««dth. Through
this uke the Rhine flows, and then en-
ters the Zeller See, which is 16 mile*
long, and 10 in its greateft breadth.
Like all the hikes in Swiflerland, this it
deeper in fummer than in winter} which
is owing to the firft melting of the fnow
from the adjacent mountains.
ConilanliHOt a town of Spain, in An-
dalufia, with a caftle on a mountfip, 40
miles NB of Seville.
Constantino, the eftftem province of
the kingdom of Algiers, and the largeft.
and ricneft of the four. The greateft
part along the coaft is mount«ik>u8. In
the mountains dwdl firee Arabian and
Moorifi) tribes, of whom tiie Cabyls are
deemed the moft turbulent and cruel.
As thefe free mountaineers poflefs 9,
fuperfluity ofoil, foap, dried tigs, and
timber; the government of Algiers,
which ftands in need of thefe articles, is
obliged in many things to fliow in-
dulgence to thofe tribes. See Zaah,
Comtantinaf a city of the kingdom of
Algiers, capital o.' the province^f the
fame name. It is feated at the top of
a fteep rock, and there is no way to it
but by fteps cut out of the rock. The
ufual way of punifliing criminals here is
to throw them down the diff*. -" Here
are many Roman antiquities, particu-
larly a triumphal arch. Next to Algiers,
this city is the moft populouji in the
kin{[dom. It is 190 miles b by s of
Algiers. Lon. 6 34 e, lat. 36 24 n,
Constantinople^ one of the largeil ci-
ties in Europe, and the capital of the
Turkiih empire. It is of a triangular
form ; and feated between the Black fea
and the Archipelago, on a neck of land
that advances toward Natolia, froip.
which it is (eparated bv a ftrait « mile
in breadth. The fea of Marmora walhes
its walls on the s, and a gulf of the ftr^t
of Conftantinople does the fame on the
NE. It was anciently called Byzantium,
but the name was changed by Con-
ftantine the great, who made it the feat
c *he Roman empire in the eaft. It
w<^.. taken, in 1453, by the Turks, wh9
have kept pofTelfion of it ever fiM;ei
The gprand fign'!or's palace, called tiie
Seraglio, is on the feafide, furrounded :
by walls flanked with towers, and fe-
parated from the city by canals. It
ftaods on the fite of ancient Byzan^
tium, the e point of the prefent city*
and is three miles in circumference^
confifting of an afliemblage of palaces
and apartments placed by the fide of
one another, without fymmetry and
without order. The pnncipal entrwee
M
CON
of thU mImc ii of iMrW«» Md UmIM
C»pi. thit U, tbt Pdrt (or late) a mum
ufra freauently to txpcvft th« court* or
the empire. The caftle of Sofm Tow-
er* ii a ft4te prifon, and ftMidi neor the
fe« of Marmora, at the w point of the
citT from the feraglio t and at the nw
point, without the wallit is the imperial
S»alace of Aljub, with a village of the
kme name. The number of houfea in
Conftantinople ii prodigious i but, in
Sneralt they are mean* and all of
em eonftrueked of wood, and the ntofs
Gorcrcd with hollow tiles. The public
ediAces alone are built in.mafonry in
a very Mid manner. The ftreets are
narrow, badly pved, and dirty ; atiil
the people are infcfted with the plague
almuft f vfry year. The* inhabttants,
who are faid to amount to n io,«oo, are
half Turks, two thirdii of the other half
Greeks or Armenians, and the reft Jews.
Here area great number of ancient mo-
numents ftill remaining { particularly
the fuperb temple of St. Sophia, built
in the Rath century, which is converted
into amofque. and wiH contain 100,000
perfons conveniently. Between the two
mofques of fultan Solyman pnd B^azct
is the old feraglio, in which are (hut up
the wives of tne deceafed fliltans, and
aifo fuch womtn as have difpleafed the
grand 6gnior. The bazars, or bczcf-
tttina, are large fouare buildings, oover-
ed with domes, uipported by arcades,
and contain all forts of goods, which
are there expofiad to fale. There is a
market for iiaves of both fexe« t and
the Jews are the principal merchints,
who bring them here to be fold. A
great number of girls are brought from
Hungary, Greece^ Candia, Circaflia,
Mingreiia, and Georgia, for the fenrtce
of the Turks, who generally buy them
for their feraglios.' The great ft|rare,
near the moique of fultan Bajaxet, is
the place for public diverfions. The
gulf on the ne of the city is the harbour,
which runs up from the point of the
feraglio to the village of Aijujb, about
four miles in length and half a mile
where broaden • Aijub may be reckoned
one of the fuburbs, and has a mofque,
in which is the tomb of fultan Othman,
the founder of tlie empire. The fuburbs
of Galata and Pera are on the other
'fide of the harbour. The former ex-
tends along the entrance of the harbour,
and is chiefly occupied by merchants ;
and adjoining it, on the. e, is a cannon
foundrlry, called Tophana. Pera ftands
behind thefe on an eminence, and is the
place where the foreign ainbafladors re-
%le. In this part there are feveral
CON
bottfts wh«Tt BuMpoan failorr, Gr«cki,
and even Turks, go to drink and in.
touieatc thcmfolvus, notwkhftanding the
fevrrity of th« government in this re.
fp«A. The drcumfercnce of this city
is ts miles, and 14 with the fuburbs
included ( and as they are built on
ground which rifes gradually, there ii
a view of the whole town from ttie
fea. The city is furrounded by walli
of freeftone, here and there mixed with
bricks, and flanked by sjo towers.
There are as gates | flx on th( land.
fide, and the mt toward the harbour
and fea. The palaces, mofques, bag-
nios, and caravanfaras, are many of
them magnificent. It is iia miles c«i
of Adrianople, 300 a of Salonichi, and
700 SB of Vienna. Lon. a8 $5 ** ist.
41 t N.
Coiutaniinoplct Slrait (fft anciently
the Tbracian Bofpborusi and forming
the communication between the Pro-
gontib, or fea of Marmora, and the
uxine or Black fea. It is ao miles
long, and a mile and a quarter where
broadeft ; and forms the feparation here
between Kurope andAfla. At itsen*
trance on the w fide is fituate Conftan-
tinople. and on the other, Scutari. Both
its banks are lined with villages, where
are feen fome very handA}me houfet,
almoft entirely built of wood and var
riouOy painted : thofc belonging to ttie
Turks are in white or red ; thofc of
the Greeks, Armenians, and Jews, are
of a blackifl) brown, for they arc not al*
lowed to employ the colours of the
muflulmans. At its termination in the
Black fea arc two forts, oppofite each
otbeis to defend the paflagc.
CoHstantinaWf a town of Poland, in
PodoKa, on the river Bog, eight miles
sw of Cbmielnik, and 7% nb of Kaaai>
nieck.
Constantinow, a town of Poland, in
Volhinia, on the river Selucza, no
miles SE of Lucko. Lon. a/ ao c, lat.
49 5« N.
Conteita, a feaport of European Tur»
key, in Macedonia, on a gulf of itt
name, at the influx of the Strimon, 6»
miles fi by H of Salonichi, and 24B
w of Conftantinople. Lon. a4 8 e, lat.
40 5aN.
Contres, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Loir and Cher, 19 miles sc
of Blois.
Con/f/, a town of France, in the dtN-
partment of Somme, feated on thr
Scille, 14 miles ssw of Amiens.
Vonvrrtmto, a town of Naples, in
Terra di Bari, 12 miles sE of Bari.
OtHieuut a river of Walesi wbick
drink and in.
ibftRmlingthc
tnt in thit re.
:e of thii city
I the fuburbt
«re btiilt on
lallyi thitre ii
)wn from the
ided by walli
re mixed with
%So towcn.
: on th( land*
d the harbour
mofquei, bag*
are many of
119 milei laa
Salonichi, and
• a8 jj I, lat.
qft anciently
a, and forming
ween the Pro*
morat and the
It ia ao milci
quarter where
reparation hers
fla. At itaen*
Stuate Conftan-
r* Scutari. Doth
villagea, wht-rc
ndTomc houfet(
wood and vai
lelonging to the
red ; thofc of
, and Jews, are
they art not aU
coloura of the
mination in the
, oppofite eack
lagc.
n of Poland, in
ig, eight milea
^% NK of Kami*
of Poland, in
Selucza, iio
|n. ay ao a, lat.
[European Tur-'
a gulf of its
[he Strimon, 6»
[nichi, and i4»
]<on. 34 8 E, lat.
mce, in the de-
itTf i<) miles St
I, in the dtv
feated on tbf
Lmiens.
of Naples, ia
Ise of Bari.
IWaktf whick
OOP
Bowa through a fertile *«!• " "w ran*
t ain«» alone the whob «afk« r uf
Camarvonfnirei and eatcra the 1 ilH f«a
at Abcrconw«y.
C\>H«'» a town of Napica, in PrincU
(lato Ultcrioret and an arcbbifbop'a fee.
t waa fo greatly ruined by an earth*
quake in i694< that the place when: the
cathedral ftood ia hardly known. Ita
principal commerce ia m marble. It
II ja milea a of NaplM. Lon. 15 35 t,
lat« 40 50 "•
Cunk Met, an extenflve arm of the
feat on the vw coaft of Americat dif-
covcred, In iy78, by captain Cook,
who traced it ;o leaguea from ita en-
trance, in lun. 13 aw. It waa further
explored, in if94> by captain Vancou-
ver, who fuunil ita termination to be in
lon. 14843 w, lat. 61 ao N.
Cook Strait, a ftrait dividing the two
iflanda of which New Zealand ia com*
pofed : it ia about four or five leaguea
broad.
Cooperslawtt, a town of New Yorkt
chief of Otfego county, fitu-tte at the
aw end and the outlet of Lake Otfego,
J a milea nw of Cherry Valley, and 73
w by If of Albany. Lon. 74 58 w,
lat. 4a 44 *f'
Caut, an ifland in the Archipelago,
(6 milea nw of Rhodes, fubje^ to the
Turka. Lo"' *7 44 ^t lat. 37 » n.
Coot Jleyhar, a town of Hindooflan,
in Bengal- Ita diAti(A, on the con*
fines of Dootan, exbibita a melancholy
proof of two fadla frequently united ;
the great facility of obtaining food, and
the wretched mdigence of the lower
order of inhabitants. It is fituate on the
Toorflia, 160 milea nm k of Moorlhcda-
bad. Lon. 89 34 e, lat. a6 1% n.
Coosawatc/iic, a town of S Carolina,
in Beaufort diftriA. The courts for-
merly held at Beaufort are held here.
it is feated on the Coofaw, over which
is a bridge, ao miles nw of Beaufort,
and $0 wbW of Charlefton.
Copenha^ettf the capital of Denmark,
with a univer&ty. It is the belt built
city of the north} and owes ita princi-
pal beauty to a fire in 1718, and an-
other in 1794- The new parta of the
town, railed by Fretleric v, confift of
an odl agon, containing four uniform and
elegant buildings of hewn ftone, and of
four broad ftrecta, leading to it in oppo-
Hte diredlions : in the middle of the area
it an equeftrian ftatue of that king in
bronze. The new royal market is the
largeit fquare in the city, andftlmoft en-
tirely compofed of Hately buildings; as,
the academy of painting and Iculpture,
the theatre, the great hotel, the artillery^
COP
llovfbrliC' m4 in the centre iaa marble
equeArian ftatue of Chriftian v. The
greateft part of the buildings arc of
brick ( and a few arts of frceAone. The
fialaccs of the nobility are in general
plendid, and omam^ted in the Italian
A yl« of arch ite A ure. The royal palace*
called Chriftianburg, built by Chriftian
VI, one of tb<f moll commodious and
moft fumptuoufly fumilhcd In Europe,
was deftroyed by fire in 1794^ The
haren is always crowded with fliips;
and the ftreets arc ioterfeded by canals,
which bring the mcrchandife clofc to
the warehoufes that line the quays.
Contiguous to the harbouy are Utveral
iflanda, denominated Holm»,upon which
are dock-yards, containing every thing
neceflary for the building and equip-
ment of (hips of war. The citadel is a
regular fortification, with five b^idions,
a double ditch full of water, aiid feveral
advanced works- The round tower,
built by Chriftian iv, and defigned for
an obfervatory, is a fingular ilrudlure,
not having a fitigle ftep in it, though
very lofty ; its afcent is, oy a fpiral road,
near 14 feet wide, and one of their kings
baa drove in his carriage up and down ^
it. In the v fuburbs is a large ubelifk
of reddifh ftone, eri'Aed in 1793 by the
city, to the honour of Chriftian vi i, on
his aboli(hin|i; vaflalage ;and around its
pcdcftal are tour female figures of white
marble. Copenhagen at the end of the
year 1799, contained 83.618 inhabit-
ants. In 1807 a Britilh fleet arrive4
here, and required the furrender of the
fliips of war in its harbour, to prevent
the French getting poifefTion of them ;
not bcin^ given up, the city was bom-
barded till it furrenderedi and all the
vefTels and ftores being fent off for Eng-
land, the city was abandoned by the
Britifh. Copenhagen is five miles in
circumference, feated on the a fhorc of
the ifle of Zealand, 340 miles sw of
Stockbobn, ar ' 500 nb of London.
Lon. la 35 a, lat. 55 41 w. Se^ Amak»
Cofiupo, a feaport of Chili, capital of
a junfdiftion, abounding in mines of
gold, iron, copper, fulphur, tin, and
lead. The town ftands on the s fide of
a river of the fame name, at its entrance
into the Pacific ocean, 490 miles n by
B of Valparayfo. Lon. 70 50 w, lat. a6
50 s.
CopilovcatZf a town of European
Turkey, in Bulgaria. Lon. 36 35 £»
lat- 46 40 N.
Qiporia, a toven of Ruffia, in Inniay
at the mouth of a river of the tame
Rime, 50 miles w of Feterfburg.
Copptnbrugtj a town of Wcftpkalia*
Ma
COR
(n the county of Spigelbergi lo miles t
by N of Hamelin.
Coppetf a town of Swiflerland* with
a caftlr, on the lake of Oeaeva. lo miles
N of Gnneva.
Coqiiei, a river of Englarid, which
rifes on the borders of Scotland, croiies
the centre of Northumberland, and en-
tt'ra the Oerm-in ucean, c'. Warkworth.
Oppoflte its mouth is at fmall ifland of
the fame- nftrie.
L'oquimlo, or Serena^ a feaport of
Chili, near the mouth of a river of the
fame nhme, and the capital of a jurif-
djction, rich in corn, and mines of gold
and iilver. ^ The ftreets are fliadcd with
fig- trees, paltns, oranges, olives, &c.
always green. It is 260 miles N by E
of Valpafayfo. Lon. 71 19 w, lat. 29
Corah, a tovsrn of Hindooftan, in Al-
lahabad, on a rive,- that flows into the
Jumna, 98 miles nw of Allahabad.
Lon. 80 45 E, lat. a5 7 N.
Corbacliy a town of Germany, capital
of the connty of Waldcck. It is divid-
ed into the old arru new town, and near
it, on a moufjtain, is the caftle of Eifen.
berg. The Hanoverians were deteated
here by the French in 1760. It is feated
on the Itter, az miles w of CaflTel. Lon.
9 \ E, lat. 51 16 N.
Corheck, a town of the Netherlands,
in Brabant, three miles s of Louvaiu.
Corlcil, a town of France, i>i the de-
partment of Seine and Oife, feated on
the Seine, at the influx of the Juine, 17
mi^es s of Paris.
CorMct a town of France, in the de-
partment of Somme, with a celebrated
Benedi(Jtine abbey,feated on theSomme,
JO miles e of Amiens.
Corhicrcs, a town of Swiflerland, m
the canton of Friburi:, 10 miles ;; of
Friburg^.
Corl'ignfff a town cf France, m the
department of Nievrr, near the river
Oonne, 30 miles NE of Nevers.
Corhi/f a town in LincohiUilr", tvit h a
market on Thurfaay, 1,3 miles r. of
Stamford, and lo* n l.y w of London.
Cordilleras. Ses Andes.
Cfrdovn, an epifcopal town of Spain,
in Andalufia, known to the Romans by
the name of Corduba. The circumfer-
ence is large, but there are many or-
chards and gardens within the walls.
The palaces, churches, and religious
houfes are fuperb, particularly the ca-
thedral, which wr.8 a mofque, when the
Moors poflclTcd the town, and ftill re-
tains the name of Mezquita. The
fquarc, called the Plaza Major, is fur-
rouoded by fine houfeS} under which
'k -■ ■ •
con
are piazzas. The trade confiffs b
wine, filk, and leather; but is notfo
confiderable as formerly. In the neigh-
bourhood are^a vaft number of orange
and lemon trees ; and here are the belt
hcrfes in Sp.iin. Cordova is feated on
the Guadalquiver, over which is a fine
old bridge, 80 miles ne of Seville, and
190 ssw of Madrid. Lon. 4 34 w, lat.
37 5a N.
Cordova, a town of Mexico, in Tlaf-
cala, and a bifhop's fee. Here are up-
ward of thirty fugar mills. It is feat-
ed. on a river, wWch flows into the
golf of Mexico, 80 miles ese of Pucbla
do los Angelos. Lon. 98 15 w, lat. 19
10 N.
Cordova, zn epifcopal town of Tucu-
man, with iome menafter'os, and a
convent. It lias a great '^rade with
Buenos Ayres, and fends cotton cloth
to Potofi. It is 260 irj'ei s of St. Jago
del Eftero. Lon. 65 1^ w, lat. 3 a rp s.
Corea, a peninfula of Afia, extending
between China and Japan ; bounded on
the N by Eadern Tartary, e by the fea
and ifles of Japan, s by the ocean, and
w by the Yellow fea and Leao-tong.
The principal produAs are wheat, rice,
ginfeng, goM, filver, iron, foflil fait,
raftor and fable ikins, a yellow varnilh
almoft equal to gilding, and a peculiar
kind of paper made of cotton. Num-
bers of whales are annually found on
the coaft toward the n e. The Coreans are
well made,ingenious,brave,and tractable.
They are fond of dancing and mufic,
and fliow great aptnefs for acquiring the
fciences, which they epply to with ar-
dour. Men of learning are diftinguifli-
ed from other people by two plumes
of feathers, which thv?y wear in their
c.ips. They have bot -owed their writ-
ing, drefs, religion, anr*. the greater part
of their cufloms, rom the Chinefe.
Their women are l«»fs confined than
thofe in China, and iiave the liberty of
appearing in company with the othtf
fex. In China, parents often marr-
theii- children without theirconfent ; but
in Cored, they choofe for themfelves.
Th ?y never bury their dead till three
years after their doceafe, but keep them
in coflSns for that time. The kingdom
of Corea h commonly reckoned 200
leagues from n to s, and roo from e to
w. The king has abfolute authority
over his fubjects, but is himfelf tribu-
taiy to China. It is divided into eight
provinces, which contain 33 cities of
the tirfi wink, 58 of the fecond, and 70
of the third. King-ki-tao is the capital.
Lon. 126 42 E, lat. <)7 38 n.
Cor/c Castle, a borough in Dorfetlhirei
^^
COR
with a market on Thurfday. It is feat-
€ d ina peninfula called th« Ifle of Pur-
beck, on a river, between two hills, on
one of which ttands the caftle, formorly
a place of great importance, and wher'^
king Edward the martyr was ftabbeu at
the mitigation of his tnother-in law. It
has a large church, which is a royal pe-
culiar, not Uable to any epifcopal jurif-
ilidlion. Great quantities of 6ue clay
and ftone are (hipped here. The town
is governed by a mayor, and cvei7 al-
derman that has ferved the office has the
title of baron. It is a i miles e of Dor-
cl^fter, and ii6 w by s of Lcndoo.
ion. 2 4 w, lat. 50 36 N-
Coifu, anifland in the Mediterranean,
near the coaft of Albania, lately fubje<St
to the Venetians, and the muft import-
ant place they had is thefc parts. Here '
i!i made a great (quantity of fait ; and it
abounds with vmeyards, lemons, and
olives. It was taken by the French in
1797, and by the Turkifli and Ruffian
fleet in 1799. It now conftitutes a part
of the republic of Seven Iflands. ITie
capital 15 of the fame name, on the c
coaft, with a handfome mutropolitan
church of the Greeks, a ftrong caftle,
and a good harbour, Lon. 19 50 e, lat.
Corga, a country of Hindooftan,
fituate among the weftcrn Gauts, be-
tween Canara and Myfore. It is go-
verned by a rajah, and the inhabitants
are a divifion of the Nayrs.
Coria, an epifcopal town of Spain,
in Eftremadura, feated on the Ala^on,
120 miles wsw oi Madrid. Lon. 6 j6
w, lat. 39 56 ti.
Corinth, or Corantho, a town of Eu-
ropean Turkey, in the Morea, and a
Greek archbilhop's fee, with a caftle.
It was one of the moft important cities
in Greece, on account of its lituation on
the ifthmus into the Morea ; its caftle
on the top of an almoft inacceffible
rock ; its harbours on the gulfs of Le-
panto and Engia; its riches, and its ar-
chitefts, fculptors, and painters. It
once belonged to the Venetians, but
the Turks became mafters of it in 1 7 15.
.^t is now greatly decayed; for the
houfes are not contiguous, but inter-
mixed with fields and gardens, which
make it look like a village- It is 60
miles w of Athens. Lon. zz 54 e, lat.
38 3 N.
Coriuth, Isthmus uf, in the Morea, a
neck of land which joins the Morea to
Livadia, and reaches from the gulf of Le-
panto to th»t of En^ia. The narroweft
part of it is fix miles over; and on a
loaount ficve, called OneiuS| were for-
CO R
merly celebrated the Ifthmian garncn
There are ftill the ruins of a ;own upon
it, and of the temples dedicated to the
.Sun, Pluto, Diana, Neptune, Ceres,
and Bacchus. Julius Ccfar, Caligula,
and Nero, in vain attempted to cut a
channel through the ifthmus; they
therefore built a wall acrofu it, called
Hexamilium, becaufe it was fix miles in
length. This was demoliihed by Amu>
rath II, rebuilt by the Venetians, and
levelled a fecond time by Mahomet 11.
Corita, a town of Spain, in Leon„ aj
miles E of Salamanca.
^ Co.'k, a county of Ireland, in the pro-
vince of Munfter, 80 ;niles long and
50 broad ; bounded on the w by Kerry
and tlie Atlantic, n by Limerick, e by
Wateiford, and s by St. George chan-
nel. It fepds eight members to parlia-
ment, is divided intQ 232 pariihes, and
has about 416,000 inhabitants It is
very fertile, and has two confiderable
rivers, the Blackwater and Lee.
CorA, a city and borough of Ireland,
capital of the county of Corh, and a
bilbop's fee uuited with Rofs. It ftands
on the river Lee, where ib has a commo-
dious harbour^ defended by a ftrong
fort on an ifland. Its ftately cathedral
was built, between 178$ and 1735, by
the produce of a duty on coal. The
inhabitants are eftimated at near 100,000.
Cork furpafies all tlie towns in Ireland
for trade, except Dublin. The exports
confit^ chiefly of beef, pork, hides, tal-
low, and butter. It was taken b^ the
earl of Marlborough in 1690. It is 14
miles from St. George channel, and
1 24 sw of Dublin. Lon. S 28 w, lat.
CortiTifSi toisrn of Further Pomcrania,
with a cai'tie. It has confiderable wool-
len manufadures, and is feated on the
Perfant, 10 miles se of Colberg,
C'ormatitin, a town of Guinea, on the
Gold coaft, large and populous. Here
the Dutch have a fort, which was taken
by the Englilh i'. 16^5. Lon. o 15 w,
lat. 530 N.
Cormcrt/y a town of France, in the de-
partment of Indre and Loire, with a
Benediftine abbey ; feated on the Indre»
eight miles se of Tours.
Cornoyi town of Afiatic Turkey, in
Irak Arabi, feated on the Tigris, neai^
its confiux with the Euphrates, 35 miles
WNW of Baflbra.
Cornclo, a town of Italy, in the patri-
mony of St. Peter, feated on the Marta,
three miles e of the fea, and 10 k of
Civita Veccbia.
Carnhillf a town of the county of
DurtjaiD} in NorhamOure, feated no^r
JOR
the Tweed, over which if hae a large
bridgi; to Coldftream. in Scotland. It
is 12 miles sw of Berwiclc> and 333
N Nw of London.
Curnigiiano, a town of Italy, in the
Milanefe, 15 miles p. of Milan.
Cornwaltf a county which forms the
sw extremity of England j bounded on
the E by Devonlhire, s by th*? Englifli
channel, and vWby St. George chan-
nel Its length from E to w is' Somites ;
its breadth next to Devonfhire is 481
bi>t it foon contracts, and at Falmouth
does nut exceed 14; it then fpreadsa
little to the s and sw, and terminates
in two points, one of which is called the
Lizanj, and the other the Lands-end.
It contains 758,000 acres; is divided
into nine hundreds, and 161 parifhes;
and has 37 market-towns. The num-
ber of inhabitants in 1801 was 188.269}
and it fenc^ 44 members to parliament.
The vicinity of the fea exempts it from
hard frofts, and fnow never lies long on
the ground. The foil is not very fruit-
ful, cfpecially in the centre on the hilly
parts ; the valleys yield plenty of grafs,
and the lands near the fea produce
corn. It has plenty of fea-herbs, and
fome other plants peculiar to its infular
lituation. The principal rivers are the
Tamar and Camel. It derives it cUef
importance from its minerals. The
mines of tin and copper are numerous,
and in general very rich in ore; and
there are fome of lead. With the me-
talline ores are intermixed large quan-
tities of mundic and arfenic. Many
forts of ftones are alfo found here,
particularly moorftone, which is ufed
both in buildings and for millftones:
>vhen poliflied it appears more beautiful
than any of th' .arble kind. In many
cavernous part- of the rocks are found
tranfparent cryllals, called Comifh dia-
monds. The king's eldeft fon is born
duke of Cornwall, and derives a re-
venue, not only from lands appertaining
to the duchy, but from the mines of tin
and copper. Launcellon is the' capital.
ComwalliSf a town on the w coaft of
Nova Scotia, /^z miies nw of Halifax.
Lon. 64 15 w, lat. 45 ion. ' '
Coro, See Fenezuela.
Curomandrl, Coast of, the eaftern
coaft of the peninfula of Hindooilan^
extending between 10 and 16 n lat.
There is not a port for large fliips on
the whole coaft; which is an even, low,
fandy country. Madras is the principal
towii.
Coron, a feaport of European Tur-
key, in the Morea, featcd on the w fide
ot a bay to which it gives name, 15
COR
miles E of Modoii. Lon. n ^6 t, lat.
36 55 N. ^
Coronattorif Cgipe, a cape of the ifland
of New Caledoma, in the Pacific ocean.
Lon. 167 8 E, lat, zt < s.
Corregioj a town of Italy, in the Mo-
donefe, with a caftle, nine miles nnb of
R^jgio.
Correztf a department of France,
containing the late province of Limofin.
It takes its name from a river, which
runs into the Vezere, after havine wa-
tered Tulles and Brives. Tulles is the
capital.
Corrientest a town of P;lraguay, with
a fort, feated on the e fide of the Pa-
rana, at the influx of the river Para-
guay, 490 miles N of Buenos Ayres,
^ion. 59 o w,lat. S7 30 s.
Corshamy a town in Wiltfliire, with a
market on Wednefday, and a confi.
derable woollen manufadiure. It is
nine miles kne of Bath, and 97 w of
London.
Corsica, an ifland in the Mediter-
ranean, feparated from that of Sardinia,
on the 3, by the ftrait of Bonifacio. It
is 150 mites fi-om v to 3, and from 40
♦o 50 in breadth. It was known to the
ancient Greeks by the names of Callifta
and Cyrnus, and to the Romans by its
prcfent appellation. On the coaft are
many excellent harbours. It is moun>
tainous, but fruitful valleys are inter-
fperfed ; and it has fome fine lakes and
rivers. In the earlieft times it has been
famous for its fwarms of bees, and pro-
duces vaft quantities of honey, which,
however, is reckoned bitter, on account
of the box and yew with which the
country abounds. The mountains are
rich in lead, iron, copper, and filver;
and there are alfo mines of aium and
faltpetre. The granite of Corfjra is
nearly equal to t'le oriental ; porphy-
ries, jafper, talc, am'aiithcs, emeralds,
and other preciou'^ ftones, ;\re found
fcattered in the mountains; and the s
coaft abounds with beautiful coral.
This ifland was, for fome centuries,
under the dominion of the Genocfe^
whofe tyranny was fuch, that the Cor-
ficans were almoft in a perpetual ftatc
of infurredlion. ^In 1736, a German ad-
venturer, Theodore baron Newhoff,
brought fome affiftance to them, and,'
on his aflTurances of more powerful aid,
they eledted him king; but, as he could
not fubftantiate his pVomifes, he was
Obliged to leave the iff:<pd. He went
to Efijjland, was thrown into the Fleet
f)rifon, releafed by an aft of infolvtncy
after having regifte'red his kingdom of,
Corihra for the fa«;nefit of his creditois)
COR
and fufiered to die in tttnme indi*
eence. The Genoefe, tirtd of the con*
teft, fold the foyerelgnty to Fnnccy In
,767} and the celebrated Paoli, who
had been eleAed to the chief command,
in 17551 was obliged to abandon the
inand in 1769. After the French rcYo-
lution, in 1.789, Corfica was admitted
as an eighty-thini dei)artment of France*
at the particular rec^ueft of a deputa-
tion, of which Paoli was at the head.
In confequence of foine events which
followed the revolution of 1/9*, Paoli
revolted ; the French, by the afliftance
of the Englifh, were expelled from the
ifland; and Corfica, in 1794, was de-
clared annexed to the crown of Great
Britain. In 1796, however, the EngliJh
found it expedient to evacuate the
ifland, of which the Frenc.i immediate-
ly took pofleiTion, and again united it
to their republic, dividing it into two
departments, Colo and Liamon^, of
which Baftia and Ajaccio are the chief
towns.
Cofsocr, a town of Denmark, in the
iile of Zealand, on a peninfula, in the
Great Belt, with a good harbour for
light veflTels. It is defended by a citadel,
which fervcs alfo as a magazine for
com; and is 54 miles wsw of^Copen-
liagen. Lon. 11 is e, lat. 55 ii w.
Corte, a town of Corfica fituate in
the centre of the ifland, on tne fide and
foot of a rack, at the confluence of the
Tavignano and Reftonic*. On the
point of a rock, rifing above the reft, is
the caftlo, to which there is but one
winding paflage, that will admit only
two ptrfons abreaft. While the ifland
was in the pofleflTion of the Englilh,
Cortfi was made the feat of the viceroy;
and it has been enlarged and kbrtifio^
by the French. It is 27 miles nk of
Ajaccio, and 40 sw of Baftia. Lon. 8
^z E, lat. 4Z 6 N.
C'oitoini^lia, a town of Piedmont, in
Montfcirat, fituate on the Bermida, i6.
miles E of Cherafco.
Corfnna, a fortified town of Tufcany^
and a bifliop's fee, with a famous aci-
dcmy. It (lands on a mountain, on ihe
frontiers of the Ecclefiaftical Slate, 3 a
miles E of Sienna. Lon. 11 ji w, lat.
43 :o N. • . , .
CV/iry, a town and fmall principality
of Wefiphalia, with a celebrat*>d abbey ;
lituate on the Wefer, zj miles e by n
ofPaderborn. Lon 9 34 e, lat. 51 46 n,
C'lriinna, a ffaport of Spain, in Ga-
licis, with a large and fate harbour,
called the Groyne, defended by two
cafties. The town is of a circular
lorm; but the poverty o'/the furround-
COS
Ing comtiy affords ftw rrfoarees for
trade. It is to miles sw of Ferrol, and
35 N by B of Compoftella. Lon. 8 19
■w, lat. 43 aj ir.
Corvo, the fmalleft and muft norther-
ly ifl^d of the Azores, fo called from
the abundance of crows found upon it.
The inhabitants cultivate wheat and
feed hogs. Lon. 3 1 6 w, lat. 39 43 k.
Corycrekan, a dangerous whirlpool
on the w coaft of Scotland, between
the ifle of Scarba and the v point of
that of Jura. It is fo named from a
young Daniih prince, who periflied in
this place : its vortex extends above a
mile in circuit.
Coseir, a town of Egypt, on the Red
fea, and the chief place of trade, acrofs
hat fea, between this country and Ara-
bia. It is 280 miles s by b of Suez.
I^n 33 50 E, lat. a6 8 e.
Cosenzay a city of Naples, capital of
Calabria Citeriore, and an archbifliop's
fee, with a ftrong caftle. The environs
produce abundance of corn, fruit, oil,
wine, and filk. It is fituate on feveral
fmall hills, at the foot of the Apennines
and by the river Crati, 155 miles SB of
Naples. Lon. 16 ao £, lat. 39 20 v.
Coslin, a town of Further Pomerantat
which has good woollen manufadures,
excellent fifhcries, and fine cattle. It is
feated on the Ncfebacb, t8 miles f of
Colberg.
CosnCf a town of France, in the de-
partment of Nievre. Anchors for Oiips
are forged here; and its cutlery and
gloves are much efteemed. It is feated
on the Loire, at the influx of.the Noatn,
34 miles K by w of Nevers, and 100 s
by £ of Paris.
Cospour, a town of the kingdom of
AfTam, 376 miles £ of Patna. Lon. 9a
57 B,lat. 24 56 N.
CassacSf a people inhabiting the con-
fines of Poland, Ruffia, Tartary, and
Turkey. They are divided into the
Kofakki-fa-Parovi, the Kofakki-Doniki,
and the Uralian Coflacs. The men aie
large and well made, have blue eyes,
brown hair, and aqueline nofes ; the
wonnen are handfeme, well fhaped, and
complaifant to ftrangers. The Uralian
Coflacs dwell in villages, along the
banks of the Ural, and their chief town
is Uralfk. The country which the
Kofakki-farParovi inhabit, is called the
Ukraine ; and their towns are huilt of
wood, after the manner of the Ruillans.
The KofakkiOonfki dwell on both
fides of the Don ; are under the pro-
tetflion of RulHa. and profefstbe fame
religion. See I'Arairte, and Vraliafi
Vostacs.
I-. -f,-^
COT
Cossimlazarf a riv«r of Hindooftaiif
in Bengal, the moft weftem arm of the
Ganges, from which it feparates 35
itiiles below Rajemal. It pafles by
Moorfliedabad, Co'fnmbazar, &c. to
Nuddea, where it is joined by the Jel-
linghy, another arm of the Ganges* and
their united ftreams form the Hoogly.
Cossimbazar, a town of Hindooltan,
in BengaL It has been at all times the
refidence of the different European
favors; this being the centre of their
trade. It is feated on the river of the
fame name* by which it is furrounded,
icven miles s of Moorihedabad, and 105
N of Calcutta-
Otssimcottat a town of Hindooftan, in
the circar of Cicacole, on a river that
flows into the bay of Bengal, 74 miles
sw of Cicacole. Lon. 83 7 e, lat. 17
CosiipouTf a town and fortrefs of
Hindooftan, in Delhi, on the ne bor-
der of the province, 100 miles ene of
Delhi. Lon. 79 18 e, lat. 29 14 n.
Cossonaij, a town of Swi<rerland, in
the canton of Bern, on the river Venog,
10 miles N of Lauihnne. ^
Costa Rica, a province of Mexico,
bounded on the ne by the gulf of Mex-
ico, sw by the Pacific ocean, nw by
Nicaragua, and se by Veragua. It has
rich mines of gold and filvcr, but in
other refpe^s is mountainous and bar-<
ren. Cartago is the capital.
Costainit:a, a town of Croatia, on
the river Udda, and borders of BofDia,
^7 miles esc of Cai'lftadt. Lon. 1 7 8 b,
lat. 45 20 K.
Coswick, a town of Upper Saxony,
in the principality of Anhalt, with a
caftlc, fituate on the Elbe, 10 miles w
by N of Wittenburg.
Cothux, a town and diftri A of Lower
Lufatia, lately fubjeft to the king of
Pruflia. The caftle ftands on an emi-
nence on the E fide of the town. Here
are a great number of French pr«teft-
ants, who. have introduced their manu-
fadures; and it is noted for excellent
beer, pitch, and flax- It is feated on
the river Spree, 60 miles E by s of Wit-
tenburg. Lon. 14 24 E, lat. 5 1 46 N.
Cote d'Or, a department of France,
which has its name from a mountain,
fituate to the s of DroYi. It contains
part of the late province o£ Burgundy.
Dijon is the capital.
Cotes du Nord, a department of
France, fo named from its northern ma-
ritime pofitibn. It contains part of the
late province of Bretagne. St. Brieut
is the capital.
(loteswold, a Ipng tra^t pf high ground
cbu
in the B part of Gloucefterihire. It
affords in many places a fine fliort
grafs for the feni of Ibeep ; and others
are devoted to the growth of com.
The fides of this long range are beau,
tiful as they fink into the vale, from
the hills of Stinchcomb and Nibley in
the S, to that of Bredon in the n, which
has been celebrated in ancient rhyme.
Cothertf a town of Upper Saxony, ca-
pital of the principality of Anhalt-
Cothen, with a caftle. It is i» miles
sw of Deflau. Lon. 12 9 s, lat. 5 1 48 n.
Cotignac, a town of France, in the
department of Var, on the river Argens,
33 miles NNE of Toulon.
Colignola, a fortified town of Italy,
in the Ferrai-efe, 25 miles sse of Fer*
rara.
Cotrone. See Crotona.
Couci/f a town of France, in the de-
partment of Aifne, on the river Oife,
nine miles n of Soifons.
Coventrxj, a city in Warwick (hire,
which, united to Lichfield, is a bifhop's
fee. Its market is on Friday. It is a
coimty of itfelf, governed by a mayor,
and has three parifh-churcbes, one of
which, St. Michael, is faid to have the
moft beautiful fteeple in Europe. The
houfes being moftly old, with ftories
projedling over each other, make a
mean appearance. In iSor the number
of inhabitants was 16,034. The prin-
cipal article of manufailure is that uf
filk ribands; but fome gauzes, cam-
blets, and laftings, are alfo made. It
has a communication with the Stafford-
fhire Crank Trunk, by a canal to Frad-
ley ; and by another canal, which joins
the Oxford canal at Braunfton, it has a
communication with the Thames. Co-
ventry is 15 miles nne of Warwick,
and 91 NW of London. Lon. i 30 w,
lat. 5a 24 N.
Coveriporum, a town and fortrefs of
Hindooftan, in Myfore, on the right
bank of the Cavery, 60 miles se of
Myforo. Lon. jf 38 e, lat. 1 1 5 1 n.
Couian, a feaport of Hindooftan, in
Travancore, with a good harbour, and a
navigable river. It ftands on a penin-
fula. 60 miles n w of Travancore. Lon.
76 34 E, lat. 851 N.
Covilham, a town of Portugal, in
Beira. It has a manufadlure of woollen
cloth, and it 18 miles sw of Guarda.
Covoerden, See Coevorden.
Courland, a duchy of Europe; bound-
ed on the w and n by the Baltic, e by
Livonia, and s by Poland. It is divided
into Courland Proper and Semigallia,
and is 250 miles lotig and 40 broad.
Tbe cquntry fwu}l8 into ^eutle hitUi
ure is that uf
aad 18 fertile in corn» hemp, and Rax.
It is moftly open; but in fome parts
there are n>i-efts of pine and fir, and
groves of oak. It was formerly a feu-
datory province of Poland, but was an-
nexed to the dominions of Ruflia, in
^795' ^y ^" ^^ °^ ^^^ ftates. Mittau
i^ the capital.
Courseranx, a late province of France,
lying along the river . Satat, and now
forming, with Foix, the department of
Arriege.
C'o«r/ray, a town of the Netherlands,
in Flanders, celebrated for its trade and
nianufadturcs of table linen and woollen
cloths. It is feated on both fide* the
river Lis, i a miles e of Ypres.
Coutancesy a feaport of France, capital
of the department of Manche, and a
biihop's fee, with a fine cathedral. It
is 37 miles sw of Bayeux, and 185 w of
Paris- Lon. i 27 e, lat. 49 3 n.
, Coutras, a town of !F ranee, in the de-
partment of Gironde, at the conflux of
the Ule and Dronne, 95 miles ne of
Bourdeaux.
Cowbridgp, a corporate town of
Wales, in Glamorganfhire, with a mar-
ket on Tiicfday, It is called by the
VVelflu Pont-faen, from the ftone bridge
over the river, which fopn after enters
the Briftol channel. Near it are the
remains of Llanbithian caftle, of which
a mailive gateway is now converted into
a barnj and about a mile diftant, on a
lofty hill, are the ruins of Penline cattle.
Cowbridge is 1 2 miles w of Cardiff and
J 73 of London.
Cowes, a feaport of Hampfliire, in tjie
ille of Wight, on the w fide of the
mouth of th<? Medina or Cowes. On
the oppofite file is the village of Eaft
Cowcs, and at each place is a fort built
by Henry viii for the fecurity of the
iiland and road. Cowes has an excel-
lent harb()ur, which is much frequented
by ihips to repair damages fufiained at
fea, and to water ;. and alfu a good trade
in provifions, &c. for the ufe of the fliip-
ping. During the fummer it is much
frequented for the purpofe of fea-bath-
ing ;_ and here are a number of genteel
lodging-hojifes, and an aflembly room.
A mail packet fails from this place
every day at noon for Southampton.
It is 12 miles s by e of Southampton,
u wsw of Portfmouth, and 86 sw of
London. Lon. i 17 w, lat. 50 46 n.
Coijlan. See Quiton,
Co'wldur^a, a town of Hindooftan, in
Myfore, with a ftrong hill fort. It is
fitrrouuded by hills and forefts, and
ftands u miles s of Nagara.
. Cozumc!, an ifland on the e coaft of
C R A
Jueatm, where Cortes landed, and re-
freihed his troops, before he attempted
the conqueft of Mexico. It abounds
with fruit, pulle, cattle, and fowls.
The original natives pofiefs this ifland,
but are fubjeft to Spain., Lon. S; 19
w, lat. 10 40 If.
Crab hlaiid. See Boriquen.
CracatoOf the fouthernmoft of a cluf-.
ter of iflands in the entrance of the ftrait
of Sunda. It confifts of elevated Iand»
gradually rifing pn all fides from the fea»
and is covered with trees, except a few
fpots, which have been cleared by the
natives for the purpofe of forming rice
fields; and its coral reefs afford fmall
turtles in abundance. The inhabitants
are not confiderable ; and their chief,
like tbofe of the other iflands in the
ftrait, is fubjcdt to the king of Bantam.
Lon. 105 56 E, lat. 8 6 s.
Cracow, a city of Poland, capital of
a palatinate of the fame name, and a
tHfliop's fee, with a univerfity. It was
formerly the capital of Poland, where
the kings were eleAed and crowned,
and nearly in the centre of the Polifli
dominions; but, fince the partition of
Poland, it is become a frontier town,
and belongs to Auftria. On a rock near
the Viltula is the ancient royal palace,
furrounded by brick walls and old
towers, which form a kind of citadel.
Adjoining is the cathedral, within the
walls of the citadel, in which moft of
the fovereigns of Poland are interred.
Though the city and fuburbs occupy a
vaft tradt of ground, they fcarcely con-
tain 24,000 inhabitants. The great
fquare is fpacious and well built, and
many of the ftreets are broad and hand-
fome; but almoft every building bears
the mark of ruined grandeur. Thisde-
vaftatioh was begun by the Swedes in
1 702, when it was taken by Charles x ri;
but it has fince experienced greater cala-
mities, having been taken and retakea
by the Rufiians and the confederates.
When the general infurreftion broke
out, in 1794, againil the Prulfian and
Ruffian ul'urpers of the Polilh territory,
Kofciuflco. the chief of the patriotic in-
furgents, expelled the Kuflian garrifon
from this city, on the 24th of March,
1794; but having marched, in thefequel,
to the protedion of W.irfaw, Cracow
furrendered to thePruflians, on the 15th
of June, it is feated on the Viftula,
130 miles 6s\Y of Warfaw. Lon. 19 50
E, lat. 4959 N.
Crttilf.A borough of Scotland, inFife-
■ft'Ihire, feated on the frith of Forth, fevcn
miles SE of St. Andrew.
Crainl'iir-^f a town of Germany, in
c R E ens
Camiob, with a caftlr, on the river Wigton and Kirkcudbright» formi the
Save, i8 miles Nw of Laubach. boundary bet«reen them, and enters the
Cramonci, a village of Scotland* three head of wieton bay.
mifes NW of Edinburg, at the mouth of Creek or Muskogee Iniiians, the moft
the Amend, in the frith of Forth. It numerous tribe of Indians of any with*
has a commodtoui harbour, and confi- in the limits of the United States. They
derable iroii-wovKs. ^ inhabit the middle parts of Georgia,
Cranierri/, a town of New Jerffy, in and their principal towns are in Ion. 86
Middkftx county, 16 mileb ssw of 30 w, lat. 31 o m. Their country
Srunfvvick, and 20 knIe of Trenton.
Cranloutn, a town in Dorfetfhire,
with a market on Wednefday. It ftands
near a fine chafe, which extends almoft
to Salifbury, 38 miles ne of Dorchefter,
and 93 w of London.
Cninlrook, a town in Kent, with a
market on SatHrday. Here is a free
grammar fchool, and a free writing-
Ichobl for poor child un, the former en-
dowed by queen Elifabeth. It is 13
miles s of Maidftone, and 49 sk
London.
C: anenlerg, a town of France, in the
department of Roer, lately of Germany,
in the duchy of Cieve; fcated on a hill,
live miles w of Cle' ^
Crnngenore, a tO'. 1 and fort of Hin-
dooftan, on the coaA of Cochinii It was
taken from the Portu^uefe in 166 a by
the Dutch, who i'old it in 1789 to the
rajah of Travancore. It ia leated at
the mouth of a river, 30 miles N by w
of Cochin. Lon. 75 58 E, lat. 10 23 n.
Cransac, a village of France, in the
department of Aveiron,' celebrated for
its mineral waters, 15
Khodez.
Craon, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Mayenne, near the river
Oudon, 17 miles s by \v of Laval.
Croto, a town of Portugal, in Alen-
tejo, with a priory belonging to the
order of Malta, 14 mites w of Portale-
gre
abounds with creeks and rivulets, and
hence they derive their name.
^Creetown, or Ferrt/town, a fmall port
of Scotland, in Kirkcudbrightfliitx;.
Here feveral floops are conftantly em-
ployed in the coaiting trade. It ftands
on Wigton bay, near the influx of the
Cree, i a miles w by H of Kirkcudbright.
Creglingen, a town of Franconia, in
the principality of Anfpach, on the
Tauher, 22 miles > of Wurtzburg* and
of 30 NW of Anfpach.
Creil, a town of France, in the de>
partment of Oife, on the river Oife, five
miles E of Senlis.
Creilsheim, a town of Franconia, in
the principality of Anfpach, on the river
Jaxt, 22 miles sw of Anfpach.
Crema, a fortified town of Italv, ca-
pital of Cremafco, and a bifhop s fee.
It is well built and populous, and feat>
ed on the Serio, 30 miles s of Bergamo.
Lon. 9 50 E, lat. 45 25 IV.
Cremasco, a fmall territory of Italy,
in the s part of the province of Berga-
mafco. It is nearly furrounded by the
miles NW of duchy of Milan, and fertile in corn,
wine, flax, and hemp. Crema is the ca>
pital.
CremiUf a town of France, in tjie de-
partment of Ifere, at the foot of a moun-
tain, near the Rhone, ao miles ne of
Vienne.
OremnitZf a town of Upper Hungary,
noted for its gold mines, 17 miles n of
Craijfold, a village in Kent, on the Schcmnitz.
river Cray, two miles w by N of Dart- Cremona, a city pf Italy, capital of
ford- Here are feme calico printing the Cremonefe, and a bi(hop*s fee, with
grounds, and a ma.iufafture of iron a cattle and a univerfity. The flroets
hoops- are broad and ftraight, adorned with
Crecyy or Cressy, a village of France, forae fmall fquares, a few palaces, 40
in the department of Somme, cclebrat- parifh churches, and 43 convents of
<d for the vidory over the French, both fexcs. It ftands in a delightful
gained by Edward 111, in 1346. It is 3a plain, watered by the Oglio, about a
miles NW of Amiens. quarter of a mile front the Po, over
CredUon, a town in Devonfhire, with which is a bridge of boats, defended by
a market on Saturday, and a confider- a foit. A canal pafles through the town,
able manufadlure of ferges. ThechurcK and forms a communication between
is a noble ftruflure, and was formerly a the two rivers. Cremona has been fevc-
cathedral. The town was almoft all ral times taken j the laft time by the
deftroyed by fire in 1769. It is feated French in 1800. It is 30 miles nw of
between two hills, la miles nw of Exc-^Parma. Lon. 9 58 e, lat. 45 8 n.
ter, and 180 w by N of London. Cremonese, a territory of Italy, in the
Cree, a rivo.- of Scotland, which rifes duchy of Milan, bounded on the e by
in the northern parts of the counties of Manttta, m by Brefciano, w by Cremai-
CXI
c(j, and i hr Ptama. It h fcttile te
vnne and fraita. Cremona i» the capi-
'Cremner, atowQof Morai^. whh a
fine cattle and a convent, farted on the
river Matsch, i8 ndlea »«B of Oltnutz.
Crescentino, a fortified town of Pied-
mont, on the riter P«», so miles nb of
Turin.
Crespy, a town of France, tn the de-
partment of Oife, 17 miles 8 of Com-
piegne. _
Cresttj. See Crecy.
Crest, a town of France, in ihc de-
partment of Drome, on the river Drome,
j6 miles 93 e of Valence.
CrevecoeiiT, a town of France, in the
department of Nord, on the Scheldt,
five miles s of Canibray.
Crevecoeur, a town and fort of S Hol-
land, at the coJiflux of the Dommel with
the Maefe, four miles nw of Bois le
Due.
Crevelt, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Roer, lately of Germany,
in the elc<itorate of Cologne. Near this
place the French were defeated bv the
Hanoverians in 1758. It is 3i*TOile8
UNW of Cologne-
Creuse, a department of France, fo
named from a river, which crofles it and
flows into the Vienne. It contains the
late province of Marche. Gueret is
the capital.
Creusen, a town of Franconia, in the
principality of Bayrenth, feven miles £
Ofliayreuth.
Crnitzburg, a town c' Silefia, in the
principality ofBrieg, with a caftle. It
has a great trade in honey, wax, leather,
ind flax; and is feated on the Brinnitz,
35 miles E by N ofBrieg.
Creitlznach, a town of France, in the
department of Mont Tonnere, lately of
Germany, in the circle of Upper Rhine.
It has a trade in wine, fait, corn, wool,
and tobacco. On Dec. 2, i795> ^^'^
town was taken three times; nrft by
the French, then by the Auftrians, and
again by the former. It is feated on the
Nahe, 25 miles sw of Mentz.
Crewkerne, a town in Somerfetlhire,
with a market on Saturday, and manu-
fadlures of ftockings, canvas, and dow-
lafs. It is feated near a branch of the
Parret, 35 miles s of Wells, and 13 «
wsw of London.
Ciickeithf a town of Wales, in Car-
marthcnfiiire, with a market on Wed-
ncfday, iV miles sse of Carmarthen,
and 231 nW of LondoO'
Criakmoell, a town of Wales, in
Brecknockftrire, with a market on
Thurfday. Near it are the ruins of an
CR I
andent caftle. it is feated on the Ulfc,
10 miles SE of Breckndick, and 157 w
by K of London.
Criekludet a borough in Wiltlhire,
with a market on Saturday, feated near
the Thp.mes, and the Stroud canal, 35
miles w by s of Oxford, and 84 w by n
of London.
Criefff a town of Scotland, in Perth^
fhire, with manufa<flure6 of paprt and
thin linen; feated on the Erne, 18 milct
w of Perth.
CnrHf a town of the Crimea, fuppofed
to be on the lite of an ancient city that
once gave its name of Crim Tartarr, or
Crimea, to the whole peiiinfula of the
Taurida ; after having, under the name
of Cimmerium, been the capital of a fa-
mous people who gave l,tw8 to the
greateft part of Europe. The modem
town called Elki Krm [Old Crim] bjr
the Tartars, is feated at the foot of an
infulat«d mountain, 10 miles w^of Caifa.
Crimea, or Tuurijla, the ancient Tau-
rica Chedbnefus, a peninfula ofEurope;
bounded on the s and w by the BlaCk
fea, N by the province of Catharinenflaf,
with which it communiC'ites by the
itlhmus of Prc'kop, and e by the fea of
Afoph and the ftrait of CaflTa. Toward
the end of t?»e 1 ith century, the Ge-
noefe fettled i 1 this country ; but they
were expelled by the Crim Tartars .in
1 4 7 4- See Oijf'a . Thcfe Tartars had been
ftttk'd in the Crimea above two centuriea
before theexpulfion of theGenoefe. They
werefubjeds of Batu Khan, grandfonof
Zingts; and their conqueftwasannexed to
the kingdom of Kafan, till (he death of
Tamerlane in 1400, when Edegai Khan,
an officer of that prince, took pofleffion of
it, and was fuccccded by Duelet Clierai.in
whofe family the fovereignty continued
till the 18th century- The khans, how-
ever, were vaffals, or tributary to the
Turks, till the year 1774. when their
independence w.ns ftipulated in the trea-
ty of Cainargi. In 1783, the RuiTianl
took pofRlfion of the country with an
army ; the following year it w.is ceded
to them by the Turks; and the peace-
able pofTciliun of the whole was fe«.uied
to them in 1 791, by the ccflion of the
fortrefs of Oczalsow. The Crimea is
divided into two parts by the river Sal-
gir, which runs from w to e. The ic
divilion is flat, poor, and fit for paflnrage
only. It has neither tree nor hillock;
fait lakes, and flocks of flieep, are its
greateft riches. This diftrift is bleak
and cold in winter, and fultry and
fcorching in fummer. The s part is
mountainous; but the valleys are afto-
nifhingly produAive, and the climate
C RO
^remelv mild, from th^ «xcIufion of
thofe violent winds by which the\N di-
vifion is frequently incommoded. The
lower kills, extending from paffa to the
E extremity of the country, are princi-
pally ufed in gardening, and produce
excellent fruit. Bedde the port of
Kertch, the road of C<ifra, and the har-
bour of Balaclava, there is, near Sebafto-
pol> one of the iincft harbours in the
yrorld. The principal articles of export
are com, fait, honey, wnx, butter,
liorfes, female flavea, . hides, and furs,
efpecially the Tauric lamb-lkins, which
are in high cfteem. The Crimea now
forms one of the two provinces of the
government of Catharincnflaf, under
the name of Taurida- Sympberopol is
the capital.
Crimmxtschau, a town of Upper Sax-
ony, in Mifiiia, with manufa^nres of
fiufTs and linens, feated on the Pleifc. lo
miles ssw of Altenberg.
Crinan, Luch^ a fmall arm of the fea
on the w (Joaft of Scotland, in Argyle-
Ihire, 'oppofite the n end of the illand
of Jura. It is conneded with Loch
Fyne by a canal, called the Cjrinan Ca-
nal.
Crofl/m, a country of Europe, bound"
ed on the n by Hungary, E by Sclavo-
nia and Bofnia, s by Dalmatia, and w
by Carniola and Stiria. It 'belongs to
the houfe of Auftria, except a fmall
part, E of the river Unna, fubjeft to
the Turks. Carlftadt is the capital.
Croja, a town of European Turkey,
in Albania, feated near the gulf of Ve>
nice, 13 miles ne of I>urazzo
CroisiCf or Croisil, a town of France,
in the department of Lower Loire,
feated on the bay of Bifcay, between
the mouths of the Loire and Vilaine, 35
miles w of Nantes. Lon. 2 32 w, lat.
47 18 N.
CVotT, St. a river of N America,
which forms the ne boundary of the
Unitod States, and runs into the bay of
Paflamaquoddy.
Croix, Si. oneoftheCaribbeeiflands,
30 miles long and eight where broadeft,
lying 40 miles s by e of St. Thomas.
It produces mudi fugar, and belongs
to the Danes. The chief town is Chrif-
tianftadt, on the n coaft, with a fine
harbour, defended by a fortrefs. Lon.
65 aB w, lat 17 45 N.
CVomflc/i-wa/r;',alake in Cumberland,
between Buttermerc-water and Lowes-
water, receiving the former at its s end,
by the river Corker, and the latter at
Its n end. It is four miles long, and
half ri mile over ; with three fmall illes,
oncoi themarock, and the other CQvt;r-
QRO
ednvith wood. Half a mife from tlie aw
e:nd is a waterfall, called Scale force,
between the mountains of Mellbreak
and Blea-cragg.- - At the ne &orner is a
ftone bridge over its outlet, the Cocker.
It abounds with char and red trout.
. Cromarty^ a county of Scotland, 16
miles JoAgand fix broad, comprehending
part of a peninfula on the s fide of a frith
to which it gives name. On the s and
wit ts bounded by Rofsihire. Itigrfj.
vided into five pariflies, and contaiiu
5390 inhabitants. The highlands are
heathy, but on the coafts it is fertile and
well cultivated. It fends one member
to parliament, alternately with Nairn-
ibire.
Cromarty, a feaport of Scotland,
capital of the county of Cromarty. The
harbour is one of the fineft in Great
Britain, and has a commodious quay.
Here is a confiderable manufadlure of
hempen cloth, and a coalling trade in
corn, thread, yam, filh, and (kins of
various forts. It (tanda at the moutli
of the frith of Cromarty, i6 miles nne
of Invernefs. Lon. 3 50 w, lat. ^^j 38 n.
Croitier, a town in Norfolk, w'itha
market on Saturday. It formerly had
two churches, one of which, with fe-
veral houfes, was fwallowed up by the
fea. The inhabitants arc chiefly filhoi-
mcn ; and the beft lobfters, on this
part of the coaft, are taken here. It is
feated on the German ocean, a» miiea
N of Norwich, and 129 ne of London
Ciomffird, a village in Derbylhire, on
theriver Derwent, two miles NjjfcWirkf-
worth. Here Mr. (after war^r Rich-
ard) • k Wright eredled fome of the
new cotton mills, a capital improve*
mcnt of mechanifm due to him ; and
here alfo he built a noble feat, and a
church. There is a canal hence to
Nottingham. ,
Cronachf a town of Franconia, in the
principality of Bamberg, near which is
a mountain-fortrefs called Rofenberg.
It is feated near the river Cronach, 1 1
miles N of CuImbacA.
Cronborf^t a ftrong fortrefs of Den-
mark, on the ifle of Zealand, near £1-
finore, which guards the pafiTagc of the
Soqnd. It is fituate on the point of a
peqinfular promontory, oppofite Hel-
fingburg in Sweden, little more than
two miles diftant. In 1658, it was taken
by the king of Sweden, and reftored in
i66o. In this fortrefs is a palace, where
queen Matilda was imprifoned till -Aie
was permitted to retire to Zell. Not
far from this is Hamlet Garden, faid
to be the fpot where the .murder of hif
i^htr was perpetrated. ' • -
.■^-
C RO
• Cronenlergt or Kr9Hberg,-^town of
Gcrmany.in the late ele«orstte ofMent^k
feated on a monntain; nine mHea sw
of Frankfort. ^ ^ c^ r e
Cronstadt, a feaport and fortrefs of
Ruflia, on the ifland of Retufari, in the
Bulf of Finland. The harbour is the
chief ftation of the Ruffian fleet. Here
are great magazines of naval ftorea»
clocks and yards for building (hips, a
foundery for carting cannon balls, and
an extcnlive marine hofpital. The Man
of War's Mole is incloled by a ftrong
rampart, built of granite, in the fea :
and Peters Canal, lined with mafonry,
is 1050 fathoms long, 60 broad at the
bottom, and 100 at the top; it is 24
fathoms deep, and in this manner
ftretches 358 fathoms into the fea. At
the end of the canal are two pyramidal
columns, with infcriptions relative to
this great work. The town occupies
the E part of the ifland, and the inha-
bitants are eflimated at 60,000. It is
jj miles w of Peterfburg. Lon. 29 a6
E, lat. 59 56 N.
Crnmtadtt a town of Tranfylvania.
See Brassau.
fropanif a town of Naples, in Ca-
labria Ulteriore, nine miles ene of St.
Severino.
CVoiTir, a town of Poland, in the pa-
latinate of Lemberg, 60 miles wsw of
Lemberg.
Crosserif a town of Brandenburg, in
the New mark, capital of a duchy of
the fame name, with a rtrong caftle.
It is feated on the frontiers of Silelia,
near the conflux of the Bober with the
Oder, in a countryr abounding with wine
and fruit, 23 miles sb of Frankfort.
Lon. 15 15 a, lat. 5a 7 n.
Crossfellf a mountam in Cumberland,
eight miles ese of Kirkofwold. Its ex-
treme altitude is computed to be 3390
feet. Atdiflercnt elevations there are
two extenfive plains ; and a third on
the fummit contains fcveral hundred
acres, covered with mofs and other ve-
getable productions. The vi«w from
this height comprehends great part of
fix counties. A few yards below the
fummit is a fpring called the Gentle-
mans Well.
Crotchcy, a town of Hindoortan, in
Sindy, on the b fide of a creek that
will admit boat*, and about live miles
w from the place where veflels lie in
the river Larrybunder. It has a con-
fiderable trade, being viftted by the in-
terior caravans, which cannot reach
Tatta on account of the branches of
the Indus. It is 90 miles w of Tatta.
Lon. 66 10 E, lat. 24 j% n.
CRU
Cfotehayt a town of France, in the
department of Jura, fix miles SE of
Poligny.
Crotnna, a feaport of Naples, in Ca-
labria Ulteriore, and a biihop's ft:e, with
a citadel. It has a trade in grain, chcefe,
oilt and lilk, and is 15 miles sb of
St. Severino. Lon. 17 27 e, lat. 39
9N.
Crotoy^ a town of France, in the de-
partment of Sommo, on the e lido of
the mouth of the Sommc, 35 miles avt
of Amiens.
Crouch^ a river in F.flex, which rife*
near Horndon, and enters the German
ocean, between Burnham and Foulnefs
ifland. 'he Walfleet and Burnham
oyllers are the prududt of its creeks
and pits.
Crowlandf a town in Lincolnfliire>
with a market on Saturday. Here was
formerly an abbey of great note, and
fome (lately ruins ycjt remain. The
town confifts of fouijjiftreets, which
are feparated by watei-ilfeurfes* and con-
seded by a curious triangul^ic^ridgc.
for foot pafienge^^ The chitf trade is
in fi(h and wild ducks, which are plen-
tiful in the adjacent pools and mar(hb!r.
It is II miles n of Peterborough, and
93 N by w of London.
CrotolCf a town in Lincolnlhire, with
a market oa Monday, feated in the iile
of AxhoIm> near the river Dun, 1 8 miles
N of Gdniborough, and 1.67 nnw of
London.
Crown Point, a fort and town of
New York, in Clinton county. The
fort was erected by the French, in 1 73 1,
on a point that runs n into Lake Chans-
plain. It was reduced b^r the £ngli(h
in 1 759, taken by the Americans in 1775,
and retaken by the Englilh the year
after. It is 90 miles N of Albany. Lon.
73 28 w, lat. 43 57 N.
Croydon, a town in Surry, with a
market on Saturday. It has an hofpi-
tal and freefchool, founded by arcli-
bilhop Whitgift ; and in the church are
fome monuments of the archbiihops of
Canterbury, who had here an ancient
palace, which was alienated from the
fee in 1780 : the building, and adjoin-
ing premifes, are now occupied by
fome cotton manufactures. The fum-
mer ailizes are held here . aod at Guild-
ford alternately. Croydon is feated near
the fourceofithe Wandle, 10 nules s of
London. Lon. o 6 w, lat. 51 29 K.
Crozen, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Finiiterre, 16 miles Nw of
Chateaulin.
CrumlaiVf or Crumau, a town of Bo-
hemia, in the circle of fiechin, with a
K
CUB
caftle, feat«d on the Muldau* la mllet
* bj w of Btidweis.
Crum/ntr, a town of Moravia* in tb«
drcle of Znaim, with a caftlCf le miles
MNBuf Znaim.
Cruz, St. a ftraport nf Morocco, in
. the kJn};dom of Sua. The Portuguefe
bad a fortrefs herc> which was* taken
from them by the Moors in 1536 ; and
the emperor caiifet) it to be deftroyed in
tjfu. I'he harbour is fafe and com-
modious. It i" feated on a bay of the
Atlantic, 130 miles wsw of Morocco.
Lon. 9 30 w, lat. 30 £8 n.
Cruz, St. a fe^poit on the se fide of
Teneriff, and the general rcfidence of
the gov«'rnor of the ifland. It has a
well built pier and quay> and is de*
fended by fcveral forts and battiries.
Lon. 16 16 w, lat. »8 z; n.
Cruz St. a town of Peru, capital of a
jurifdiAion, in the audience of Charcas,
and a biftiop'a fee. 'I'he country is
woody and mountainous ; but the town
ftandt in a fertile valley, near the river
Guapftix, 160 miles nne of Plata. Lon.
63 15 w, lat. 17 16 s.
Cruz, St. a town on thi^ n fide of
the ifland of Cuba, 50 miles e of
Havanna.
Cruz, St. an idand in the Pacific
ocean. See E^mont.
Cuba, an ifland of the W Indies, at
the entrance of the gulf of Mexico, 700
miles in length, and 80 in breadth. It
was difcovered by Columbus, in 149a.
The Spaniards are entirely mafters of
it, having extirpated the natives ; but
from their lazinefs, and the want of
hands, only a very fmall portion of the
ifland is cleared. In the woods are
ibme valuable trees, particularly cedars
of a large fize ; and birds abound here,
both in variety and number, more than
in any of the other iflands. The foil is
Jertile ; and cattle, ftieep, and hogs are
numerous. There are copper mines in
the mountains, and forefts full of game.
The produce is fugar-canes, ginger,
long pepper, calFia, wild cinnamon,
mamck, tobacco, and aloes. The hills
run through the middle of the ifland, its
whole length, from e to w,ibut near the
coaft the land is generally level ; and
many rivulets flow from the hills to the
N and s. It is 75 miles k of Jamaica,
and Havanna is the capital.
Cuta, a town of Portugal, in Alen-
tejo, 36 miles a by E of Evora.
CuLagua, a fmall iOatid of 8 Ame-
rica, between that of Magaretta and
Terra Firma. Here the Spaniards, in
1509, eftablilhcd a fiftjery of pearl ; but
the banks difappuared la I3a4. The
euL
ifland it Imrto and nitrous. ljon.^u
10 w. lat. !• $6 V.
CtUum, a river, which ilTiiesfroro tht
N fide of the Caucafian mountains,
divides Circaflia from part of Taurica,
and flows into the nb extremity of the
Black fea.
Cuban, or Cubart Tartary, a cou.ntry
in the Rufli^n province of Tauricaj
bounded on the w by the (ea of Afoph,
N by the river Don, which feparatesit
from Europe, e by the defert of Aftra.
can, and s by the river Cuban, which
divides it from Circaflia-
Cui field, a town in Suflex, with a
market on Friday, 13 miles nw of
Lewes, and 39 s by w of London.
Cuddalore-, a town of Hindooftan,
on the coafl; of the Camatic, near the
place where Fort St. David once ftood.
it was taken by the French in 1758, and
again in 1783. It is 30 miles ssw of
Pondicherry. Lon. 7955 E,1at. 11 41 M,
Cnddapa, a town of Hindooitan, ca>
pital of acircar of the fame name, ceded
by Tippooj in 1792, to the nizam of
the Deccan. It is 133 miles nw of
Madras. Lon. 78 57 £, lat. 14 23 n.
Cudrefin, a town and baliwic of Swir<
ferland, in the canton of Bern, 21 milci
w of Bern.
Cvenza, a town of Spain, in New
Caftile, and a bifliop's feq,; feated on a
high and craggy hill, near the river
Xucar, 90 miles E by s of Madiid- Lon.
a la w, lat. 40 to n.
CumzH, a town and jurifdidion of
Peru, in the province of Quito. The
town is populous, and fituate at the
foot of the Cordillera mountains, on
one of the fources of the Amazon, 17s
miles s by w of Quito. Lon. 78 30 w,
lat. » 5^ 8.
Cujavia, a province of Poland, on
the left bank of the Viftula, including
the two palatinates of Wladiflaw and
Brzeic. Wladiflaw is the capital.
CuiUy, a town of Swiflerland, in the
canton of Bern, on the ne fide of the
lake of Geneva, eight miles ese of
Laufanne.
Culenhurg, a town of Holland, in
Gelderland, on the river Leek, i2 miles
ssE of Utrecht.
Culiucan, a province of Mexico, in
the audience of Guadalajara, on the
gulf of California. It abounds with all
forts of fruits, has many bit ponds, and
fcveral rich mines.
Culiacan, a town of Mexico, capital
of the province of the fame name. It
is feated on the river Culiacan, 140 raile»
SSE of Cinaloa. i«n. to8 5 vft lat-
a4 50 N.
CUM
Cullen, a borough of Scotland, in'
Banflfihire, at the mouth of the Culun or
Cullen. It hat maimfadurcs of linen
and danuiki and • trade in frefli and
dried Rfli. Near it are Teen three lofty
fpiring rocks, formed of (linty maflTes
called the Three Kings of Cullen. It
it 13 miles w by n of Banff.
Culltra, a town of Spain, in Valencia,
at the mouth of the Xucar, a t miles s
of Valencia.
Culluort a town of Hindooftan, in
Golconda, celebrated for its diamond
mines* 115 miles e of Hydrabad. Lon.
8037 B»lat. 17 la N.
Culfit, a city of Poland, capital of a
palatinate of the fame name, and a
bilhop's fee, with a catholic univerfity.
It is leated on the Vidula, 60 miles s
of Dant^c. Lon. itt 30 b, lat. 53 n. n.
Culml'ach, a town of Franconia, for-
merly the capital of a margravate of the
fame name. Near it. on a mountain,
hands the fortrcfs of Plafleiiburg, where
the archive* of the principality were
preferveJ, but they were removed to
Bayreiith in 17^3. From its diftriA
the whole margravate was formerly
called Brundenburg-Colmbach ; but in
1716, the govumment devolved into
another line, and fince that time it has
been called Brandenburg-Bay reutb.
Culmbach is feated on the Maine, 13
miles NNw of Bayreuth. Lon. it 36
E, lat. 50 7 K.
Culmore^ a town of Ireland* in the
county of Londonderry, on the coaft
of Lough Foyle, five miles n by e of
Jjondonderry.
Culrois, a borough of Scotland, in
Perthfliire. in a diftriA aliuoft furround-
ed by CUckmannaiifliire. Here is a
princely abbey, built in 1390. It is
fituate on the firith of Forth, ao miles s
of Perth, and ai wNwof Edinburg.
Vumana, a province in the ne part
of Terra Firma, bounded on the n and
E by the fea, s by Paria, and w by Ca-
raccas. The chief produfi is cocoa. It
ftands near the mouth of a great lake or
branch of the fea, 180 miles e of Leon
de Caraccas. Lon. 64 24 w, lat. 10 iz n.
Cumanageta, a town of Terra Firma,
in the provmce of Cumana,at the mouth
of the Nevery, 60 miles w by s of Cu-
mana.
Cumhana, an ifland of the £ Indies,
between Lombock and Flores, 1 80 miles
k>ngand from ao to 40 broad. On the
V fide, toward the w end, is a town of
thefamename. Lon. 11658B, lat. 8 278.
Cumder/and, a county of England, 58
miles long and 3* broad, bounded on
the M by Scotland, « by Northumber*
CUM
land, Durham, and Weftmo-land, $ bf
Lancitlhiro, and w by the Iriih fea and
SoKv;»y frith. It contains 970,000 acresi
is divided into live wardii, and 99 pa^
rifhes ; haH one city and 10 maricut*
townR4 and fends fix members t6 par-*
fiatncnt. The numbor of inh.ibitants in
:ttoi was 117,230' 1'he mount<}ins
feed large flocks of flieep, and the val-
leys produce corn, 8cc. Tlie trad."* of
level land avo neither numerous nor ex-
tcnfive, being chiefly confined to the
borders of the rivers and toward the w
coaft. There are mines of coal, lead,
copper, iron, b.piscilaminaxiniand wad,
or black-lead ; the lattSr are near Bor-
rowdale, and almod peculiar to thii
county. The principal manufaAiirea
are cotton and canva«, and there ni-e
fomc iron works. Skiddaw, SadJI<;-
back, and Crofs-fcU, are the principal
mountains. The chief rivers are the
Eden and Derwent ; and its celebratixi
lakes are Derwent-water, B<iflenth>
waite water, lUutermcrc, Cromackw.i-
ter, Lowes-water, Ulls-watcr, Waft
water, Ennerdale-water, and Leathes-
water. Carlide is the capital.
Cumberland, a river of the United
States, which ilTucs from the Cumber-
land mountains, on the borders of Vir-
ginia, flows sw through Kentucky into
the ftate of Tenneflee, where it pafles by
NaHiville ; it then takes a nw courfe,
re-enters Kentucky, and joins the Ohio
about I a miles above the influx of the
TenneflTee.
Cumberland^ a towi) and fort of New
Brunfwick, in a county of the fame
name, in which arc coal mines. The
fort is fituate at the head of the bay of
Fundy, on the e fide of its northern
branch. Lon. 64 xo w, lat. 45 43 n.
Cumberland, a town of Maryland^
chief of Allegany county ; fituate on
the N branch of the Potomac, 95 mile*
WNW Of Wafhington. Lon. 78 46
w, lat. 39 36 N.
Cumberland^ an illand on the coaft of
Georgia, the moft fouthern territory of
the United States on the Atlantic ocean.
It is 15 miles long i«nd two broad.
Oppofite its s extremity is the iHand
Amelia, and between them is the en-
trance of St Mary river.
Cumlo, a kingdom on the w coaft of
Africa, s of the river Gambia. The
Pot tugiiefe have a fettlement at Cacheo.
Cumbrai/f Great and Little, two
iflands of Scotland, at the entrance of
the frith of Clyde, to the se of the ifle
of Bute. The former is fix miles in
circumference, has exccljent frecftone
quarries, and the ruins of a cathedii^
CUR
^cdicatrti to St ■ Columba. The * l.ittcr
lien z littti: to the s uf the other ,anil on it
iaa ligbthoure. Lon. 447^1 l'>t- 55 45 if •
Cumianaf a town uf Pivdinont» n
miles 8w of Turin.
Cumlt/t a fort and town of Hindoof-
tan. in Canara, fcatfd between two ri-
vers, at their entrance into a fait water
lake, which i» feparated from the feaby
a fpit of fand. On the oppoPitc fide of
the s river, is the town of Kanyapura,
to which it was formerly joined by a
bkidge. It is 15 miles s by B of Man*
gah)re.
Cupar, a borvugh of Scotland, ca-
pital of Fifcfhircr. Here are manufac-
tures of coarfe linertd, and a confidtn*-
able tannery. It it feated in a rich val-
ley, on the N fide of the Eden, eight
sides w by s of St. Andrew, and 30
NNE of Edinburg. Ix)n. a 55 w, lat.
^6 16 N.
Cupar, a town of Scotland, in An-
gualhire, with a confiderable linen ma-
nidaftiire and a tannery. It i» feated
on the Ida. 12 miles *>w of Dundee,
and 13 NNE of Perth.
Curasao, an ifland in the Caribbean
fea, near the coaft t)f Terra Ftrma, 3$
miles long and .t broad, fubjeft to the
Dutch. It produces fugar, tobacco,
aiid fait I has numerous w iehoufes,
always full of the commodities of Eu-
rope and the call; and carries on a
great trade, whether in peace or in war.
In 1800, fome French having fettled on
part of the ifland, and becoming at va-
riance with the Dutch, the latter fur-
rendered the ifland to a fingle Britifli
frigate. It was reftored to the Dutch
by the peace of i8o», and taken from
them by a Britiih fquadron irt 1807.
The prindpal town is St. Peter, at the
NE extremity of the ifland. Lon. 69
15 w, lat I» 22 N.
Cnrdidany a country lying partly
in Armenia and partly in Perlia, along
the eaftern bank of the river Tigris, and
comprehending great part of ancient
Aflyria. The inhabitants are not fub-
jefteithertothe Turks orPerfians.Some
live in towns and villages, and others
rove from place to place, having tents
Hke the wild Arabs, and beiiig robbers
like them. Their religion is partly
Chriftianity and partly Mahometanifm.
Altunkupri is the capital.
Curia Maria, an ifland on the coaft
of Arabia Felix, oppofite the mouth of
the tlver Prim. Lon. 55 25 E, lat.
17 O N.
Curisch Hajf, a lake or bay of Pruflla,
lying along the Baltic, 70 miles in length.
It Is wide toward the s, but narro.v to
C (J T
the V, where it communicates with t)i«*
Baltic, at Memel. '
Curruhf a town of Hindooftati, In
Allahabad, on the right bank of the
Ganges, 36 miles nw of Allahabad.
Currucaia, a town of Hindooftan, in
Bengal, on the river Adji, ijjo miles kw
of Calcutta. Lon. 86 ao k, lat 2^
25 N.
Currucpour, a town of Hindooftan,
in Bengal, feated in a mountainous di-
ftridt, lij miles nw of Moorfliedabad.
Lon. 86 42 E, lat. 25 8 n.
Cumpa, a town of Brafil, in the go.
vernment of Para, feated on the eftuary
of the Amazon, 250 miles w of Para.
Lon. 53 10 w, lat. i 50 a.
Curiala, an ifland in the gulf of Ve-
nice, on the coait of Dalmatia, about :6
miles long. It abounds in wood, proper
for building {hips, and produces good
wine. At the b end is a fortified town of
the fame name, with a good harbour.
Lon. 17 10 E, lat. 43 6 n.
Cuuo, a city of Peru, and a bifliop's
fee, formerly the capital of the incas.
The Spaniards, under Pizarro, took
pofleflionofit in 1534. On a moun-
tain contiguous to the n part of the
dty are the ruins of a fort and palace of
the incas, the ftones of which are of an
enormous magnitude. Cufco is built
ina fquarc form, in the middle of which
is the beft market in all America : four
large ftrects which are perfe<5tly ftraight*
terminate in the fquare. It contains nine
churches, befide tne cathedral, which is
a noble ftrudture. The number of in-
habitants is about so.ooo, of which
three-fourths are original Americans.
Streams of water run through the town,
which are a great conveniency in a
country where it feldom rains. It is
350 mUes E by s of Lima. Lon. 71
47 w, lat. 13 o 3.
Ctishai, a river of N Carolina, which
runs into Albemarle found.
Cusset, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Allier, 37 miles s by e of
Moulins.
Custrin, a fortified town of Branden-
burg, capital of the New mark, with a
cattle. In 1760, it was bombarded and
almoft deftroyed by the Ruflians. It is
feated amid morafles, at the conflux of
the Warta with the Oder, 46 miles b
by N of Berlin. Lon. 14 52 e, lat 52
38 e.
Ctttais, the chief town of Imcritia.
The remains of the cathedral feiin to
prove that it was once a confiderable
place. It is feated on the Riona, i jo
miles w by N of Ttfflis. Lon- 43 E*
lat. 42 25 N.
C Z E
Culay Malalawadt, a town of Hin-
dooftan, in My fore, with a Urge mud
fort, 87 miles w of Seringapatam.
Cutfli, a country of Hindoollan, go-
verned by a rajah, and (ituate un the
IE of Sindy; the a branch of the Indus
Icparatinp the two countries. It ex-
tends along the N coaft of the gulf of
Ciitch, and is fcparated from Guzmt
by the river Puddar. It abounds with
hills, woods, and fandy wilds. The ca-
pital is Booge-booge.
Cuiliuuen, a feaport of Lower Sax-
ony, in *be dufhy of Bremen, at the
mouth of the Elbe. Here are only a
few hovels and a windmill : but it is
the port for the EngUfli packets to
HaCiburg; and palTcngcrs, while on
fiiore, are accommodated at Ritzcn-
buttfc, which is half a mile diftant.
Cuxhaven is 60 miles nw of Hamburg.
Lon. 9^oK,\it.S3 50 N.
Cuvckt a town of Dutch Brabant, m
a fmall territory of the fame name, fix
miles ESE of Grave.
Cyprus, an illand in the Mediterra-
nean, near the coaft of Syria. It was
taken by the Turks from the Venetians
in 1 570- It is 160 miles in length, and
70 at its greatcft breadth ; pervaded by
a chain of mountains, the highcft of
which is called Olympus. The foil is
an excellent fertile clay ; and, if the na-
tives were induftrious, they might make
it a paradife ; for the mountains are co-
vered with hyacinths, anemonies, and
other beautiful flowers. The chief
piodutSs are orangey filk, cottgn, wine,
turpentine, and timber. There is one
archbifliop and three bifhops. The
prit'fts are extremely ignorant, andtliey
iiibinit to the mod fcrvile employment
to pet money. Nicolia is the capital.
Cur, St. a village of France, two
jniles from Verfaillcs, celebrated for an
abbey Tourded byniadamede Maintc-
non, wlio was the abbtis till her death in
■ 719.
Czoslau, a town of Bohemia, capital
of a circle of the fame name. The
church has the higheft tower in Bohe-
mia. Near this, place the king of Pruf-
lia gained a yiftory over the Auftrians
in 1741. It is feated on the Crudenka,
40 miles ESI! of Prague. Lon. 15 ^4
t,Iat. 49 fo s.
CienstokoWf a town of Poland, in the
palatinate of Cracow, with a fortified
convent on a mountain, by the river
Warta, 50 miles n by w of Cracow.
Czprcasri, a town of Ruflia, in the
Uknine, with a c.iltlc. Anted near the
Dnieper, 85 miles se of Kiow. L®n.
^a J h, lat. 45LO ^•.
D A C
Cirrnelz, a lovvii of European Tur-
key, in VValachin, near the Danube,
1 10 miles w of Buchorclt. Lon. 39
44 K, lat. 41 aj N.
CzeniUou, a town of Ru/lia, capital
of a di'chy of the fame name, with a
caftle. It is fe.ited on the Dezna, 70
miles N by E of Kiow. Lon. 31 53 p.,
lat. CI 39 N.
Czenko, a town of Poland, in the
palatinate of Mafovia feated on the
Viftula, 30 milej sse of Warlavv.
Cirrweniza, a town of Upper Hun-
gary, famous for mines of opal, a nohle
gem not yet difcovcred in any other
region of the globe. It is 15 milea n of
CafTovia.
Ciiinilz, a town of Carniola, remark-
able for its lake, which produces grafa
and corn every year. The lake is fur-
rounded by mountains, and in dry fca-
fons is from 20 to ay miles in circum-
ference ; but when full it is 40 milea
round, and contains fcveral iflands, on
the largtft of which is a village. When
the water fubfides, buckwlieat -is fowa
on the dry parts, and becomes ready
for the lickle in fix weeks; and the
pafturage is not hurt by the water if it
does not ftay too long, 'i'he town is
fituatc on the nw part of the lake, ao
miles s by w of Laubach.
Czons^riidt, a town of Hungary, at
tlic conflux of the Teifle and Keres,
13 miles N of Segedin.
D.
Dnhcr, a town of Hither Pomcrania,
in a circle of its name, i6 miles nke
ofStrfrgard
Diil>ul,a town of Hindooftan, on the
coaft of Concan, with a trade in pepper
and fait ; feated at the mouth of a river,
75 miles 9 by K of Uombay. Lon. 7a
Si E,lat. 1750 N.
Dacca, a city of Hindooftan, in Ben-
gal, to the b of the principal Itreair. of
the Ganges, but on a brairch which
communicates with tiie IJurrampooter.
It was once the capital of Bengal, and
defended by a itrong fortrefs^ the re.'
mains of which appear. It has a-vaft
trade in muflins, and maniifaiftures the
moft delicate ones, fo much fought after
in Europe, from the cotton produced
in the province The country round
Dacca lies lo^v, and is always covered
with verdure during the dry months.
It is 150 miles ne of Calcutta. Lon.
5031 f', lat. 33 4a N.
Davhau, a t'.'wn of Bavaria, where
N
D A H
the cledor ! is a palace ; feated on a
hill, nt.'ar the river Amber, lo tnilcs
Nxw of Munich.
Dachslach, a town of Franconia, in
the principality bf Bayreuth, zt milt^s s
of Bamberg.
Dacfmtfiii, a town of France, in the
department of Lower Rhine, wifh a
palace that belonged to the fee of Straf-
burg; fitnate on the Breuch, eight miles
w of Stralbmy.
Dttfar, or Dofar^ a feapdrt of Ara-
bia Felix, gc verned by a flieick, who is
a fovereign prince. It is feated on a
bay of the f:imc name, on the se coaft.
Lon. 54 lo E, lat. 17 ao ^f•
Daf^istan, 3 province of Afi;i, bound-
ed on the f. Iiy the Cafpian fea, w hy
the mocmtains of Caucafus, n by Cir-
calTrt, and s by Schlrvan. It is inha-
bit .'d by Tartars, and fubjeft to Ruflia.
Tarku is Jhe capital.
Dapno, a town of E"ropean Tarkey,
in Albania, near the conflux of the
Drinoand Nero, i,? miles se of Scutari.
Dago, or Dagfio, an idand in tht;
Baltic, on the coaft of Livonia, feven
miles N of the ifle of Ot<el. It is ao
miles in circumference, and has two
cailles, called Dagerwort and Paden.
Loi. a 56 E, lat. 58 44 N.
Dagsbury, a town of Delaware, in
Suflex county, on a branch of Indian
river, which enters the ocean to the s
of Delaware bay. It is 50 miles s by e
of Dover.
Dahl, the finefb river of Sweden,
which flows through Dalecarlia and on
the s confines of Geltricia, and enters
the gulf of Bothnia, to the e of Gellc.
NearEfcarleby, not far from its mouth,
it fbrms a celebrated catarad, little in-
ferior to that of the Rhine at Laufl'en.
Dahomy, a kingdom of Guinea, to
the w of Whidah, fuppofed to reach
180 miles inliuid, though no European
has penetrated above half the diftance-
The country is fertile, yielding a plen-
tiful fupply of farinaceous vegetables
and tropical fruits; alfo indigo, cotton,
liigar-cane, tobacco, palrti oil, and a
variety of fpices. The religion of Da-
homy confifts of a jnmble of fuperfti-
tious ciTtrnonies, of which it is impof-
hble to convey any fat i8fi|<5tory idea.
The government is perhaps the moft
perfeft defpotilm in the world ; for th
policy admits of no intermediate degree
of fubordination between king and flave,
at leaft in the royal prefc.ice, where t!ie
prime miniftcrproftrvites himfelf withas
much abjeft fubmiflion as the meaneft
uibjcv-t. The king maintains a confi-
Uciable ftantling arm^, cemraandcd by
DAL
an agaow, or general, and other fuBor-
dinate officers, who muft hold them«
felves in readinefs to take the field, at
the command of the fovereign. On ex.
traordinary occafions, all the males able
to Near arms are obliged to repair to
the general's ftandard ; every caboceer
marching at the hend of his own people.
Sometimes the king takes the field at
the head of his tioops ; and on very
great emergencies, at the head of hi»
women In the different royal palaces,
in Dahomy, are immured not lefs than
3000 women ; feveral hundreds of
whom are trained to arms, under a
female general, and other officers. The
general charadler of the Dahomans is
marked by a mixture of ferocity.mnd
politenefs : the former appears in the
treatment of their enemies ; the Utter
they poirofs far above the African na-
tions with whom Europeans have hi.
therto had any intercourfe. The capi.
tal, Abomy, Itands in lon. 2 5 e, lat. g
5 N.
Diilaca, or Dahala, an ifland in the
Red fea, near the eoaft of Abyflinia, 40
miles long and fix broad. It is fertile,
populous, and remarkable for a pearl
filhery. The inhabitants are blacks,
and great enemies to the Mahometans.
Lon. 40 10 E, lat. 15 44 N.
DalafToa. See Dtlagoa.
Dalbeattie, a village of Scotla-.id, is
miles E by N of Kirkcudbright. It
ftands near the mouth of the Orr, in
Solway frith, and has a convenient
harbour for fmall veflels^
Dnlbij, a village of Scotland, in
Ayrfhire, feven miles nnw of Irvine.
It has a cotton manufacture, and near i I
are valuable coal mines, and a ftrony
fulphureous fpring.
J)atehir<:, a town of Sweden, capita'l
of Dalia, fituate on the sw fide of Lake
Wenner, 60 miles n by e of Gotheburg.
Lon. 1 1 59 E, lat. 58 35 N.
Dahrariia, a province of Sweden, in
thedivifion of Sweden Proper, between
Nordland and the mountains of Nor-
way. It is a/o miles long and from 4c.
to 120 broad. The principal produc-
tions are wood, corn, and hemp ; and!
it contains many mountains, in which,
are mines of filver, cupper, and iron.
The capital is Fahlun.
Dalcm, a town of the Netherlands,
in the duchy of Limburg, capital of a
territory of the fame name, feated on
the Bervine, 15 miles nw of Limburg.
Dalen, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Roer, lately of Germany,
m the duchy of Juliers ; fituate on the
Serving ij miles nnw of Juliers.
mcr'y
which
Several
plain oi
the garde'
add are
houfes ;
fronts inv
the ftreet
but the i
inolt ren
name, feated on
Kwof Limburg.
franco, in the dc-
tely of Germany,
DAM
Dfl/ta, a province of Sweden, in
Gothland, to the w of Wermeland and
Lake Weuner. It is 85 miles long and
40 broad. The n part is full of moun-
tains, forefts,and lakes; but totho sit pro-
duces corn fufficient for the inhabitants.
Cattle, fifli, butter, and chcefc are the
chief articles. The capita! is Dalcb'irg.
Dnlknlh, a town of Scotland, m
KdinbHrgfliire, with a great market on
Thurfday for com and oatmeal. Here
i^ Dalkeith houfe, the magnificent feat
of the duke of Buccleugh. It is fcatcd
on a ftrip of land between the N and S
Jiik, fix miles se of Hdinburg.
])almatia, a coimtry of Europe, for-
merly a kingdom ; bounded on the n e
by Bofnia and Servia, se by Albania,
sw by the gulf of Venice and nw by
Croatia. It is divided into Venetian,
Turkifli, Ragufan, and Hungarian Dal-
matia ; and the capitals are Spalatro,
Herzegovina, Ragufa, and Segna. The
Venetian and Hungarian part, by the
treaty of Prefburg, were annexed to the
kingdom of Italy. See Murlachia.
Dalston, a village in Cumberland,
fix miles s by w of Carlifle. It ftands
on the Caldew, and has various branches
of the sottou mauufaflure.
JJalton, a town in Lancafhire, with
a market on Saturday. Here are the
remains of an ancient caftic, and near it
are the magnificent ruins of Furneis ab-
bey. It is feated in a champaign coun-
trv, not far from the fea, fix miles sw
o^Ulverfton, and 265 nnw of London.
Damanhur,^ town of Egypt, near the
C3nal of Alexandria, 32 miles ese of
Alexandria.
Damar, a town of Arabia Felix, in
Yemen, with a univerfity, 60 miles s
by E of Sana.
Damascus, or Sham, a city of Syria,
capital of a Turkifli pachalic, and the
fee of a Greek archbilhop. The form
isanexaA fquare, each fide being a mile
and a h.ilf long; and is fuppofcd to
contain 180.000 inhabitants, among
whom are great numbers of Chril-
tians and Jews. It had three "ills,
now almoH entirely ruined ; and of
the feveral fuburbs which it for-
merly had, there remains only one,
which extends thrcf. miles in kngth.
Several ftreams flow nc.ofs the fertile
plain of Damafcus, which water all
the gardens, fupply the publicfountains,
and are carried into every houfe. The
houfes are built of wood, with their
fronts inward, where thei-e is a court; in
the ftreets there arc only walls to he feen,
but the infides are richly adorned. The
tnolt remarkable buUdtngt are the ca<
DAN
ravanfaries, which confilt of long gal*
leries fupported by marble pillars, and
furrounding a large fquare court. The
caftle is like a little town, having ita
own ftreets and houfes ; and the famous
Damafcus ftecl was kept here in a ma-
gazine. The mofques, of which there
are about aoo, are extremely handfome
edifices, the moft ftately of which wis a
ChriAian church. One 'treet runs acrofd
the city and fuburbs in a direft line, on
each fide of which are fhops, where all
forts of rich merchandife are fold. .Se-
veral manufactures are carried ori her?,
among which thtit of fabres ami knivi;3
has been moft famous. It ftands on t'.ie
river Barada, ao miles nne of Jeruuiem,
and 150 s of Aleppo. Lon. 36 40 e,
lat. 33 30 N,
JJamauTif a feaport of Hindooftan, ia
the country of Baglana, at the entrance
of the gulf of Cambay. Aurungzebe
befieged it, about the middle of the 17th
century, with an army of 40,000 men ;
but the garrifon fallying out on a part
of his camp guarded by 200 elephants*
fo terrified thofe animals by their fire-
arms, that they turned on their matters,
and trampled to death half his army.
It is fubje(5l to the Portuguefe, and 60
miles s of Surat. I..on. 72 47 e, lat. jo
18 N.
Damgariin, a town of Hither Po-
merania, with a caftle, feated on the
Recknils, 18 miles w of Stralfund.
Dnmiano, St. a town of Piedmont, in
Montferrat, 18 miles w by n of Vercelli.
Damivtla, a town of Egypt, and A
Greek archbiftiop's fee, with a good
harbour, at one of the eaftern mouths
of the Nile. It has feveral fquares, va-
rious grand raofques, and public births
faced with marble. The rice mczelaoui»
the fincft of Egypt, is cultivated in the
neighbouring plains. Here are likewife
Indian fluffs, filks, fal ammoniac, whe^it,
&c. The Chriftians of Aleppo and
Damafcus carry on the prircipal trade;
♦ he Turks being indolent, and content-
ing themfelves with occafional extor-
tions. It is 90 miles ^ne of Cairo.
Lon. 31 42 E, lat. 31 26 N.
Damm, a town of Further Pomera-
nia, which has a confiderable trade in
fteel manufaclures. It is feated on the
Oder, eight miles ese of Stettin.
Damme, a town of the Netherlands,
in Flanders, feated on the canal between
Sliiys and BrugeSi five miles n by e of
Brujijes.
Damme, a town of Holland, in Gro-
ningen, feated on the Damfter, 14 miles
NE cf Groningen.
Danhury^ a town of Conncflicut, in
N *
DAN
f airfield county, with two churches.
This town, with a large quantity of
military ftores, was burnt by the Britifh
in 1777- It is :o miles nnw of Fair-
field, and 65 N NE of New York.
Danhurt/, a village in EfTex, five
miles E of Chelmsford, and 16 w of the
fea. It ftands on the higheft ground in
the county, and the fpire of the church
ferves as a feamark.
Dancalif a cguntry in the e part of
• Abyflinia. Th«f foil is unprodudive ;
and its chief riches confift in foflil fait
and honey. It is governed by a prince
nominally tributary to the negus, or
emperor of Abyflinia. Bailur is the
principal town.
Dungala. See Dotigola.
Danger, Isles of, three iflands in the
Pacific ocean, feen by Byron in 1765,
but fo furrounded by rocks and break-
ers, that it was unfafe to attempt to
land. The commodore fuppofed them
to be the iflands feen by Quiros, in
the beginning of the 17th century, and
named Solomon Iflands. Lon. 169 38
w, lat. 10 15 8.
Dannayaka^ a town of Hindooftan,
in the province of Coimbetore, with a
large fort, feated on the Bhawari, a
little above the influx of the Mayar, 33
miles N of Coimbetore, and 42 -w of
Bhawanikudal.
Dannelcrg, a town of I-ower Sax-
ony, in the duchy of Luneburg, ca-
pital of a diftri<S: of the fame name ;
feated on the Jetze, near the Elbe, j;o
miles E by s of Luneburg. Lon. 11 I'd
E, lat. 53 10 N.
Dantzicy one of the richcft cities of
Europe, lately the capital of VV Pnifiia.
It is cncorapaflr(?d by a wall, and fortifi-
cations of great extent. The inhabitaiits
are eftimated at 36,000. It has a very
good harbour, and wants nothiRg but
depth. The houfes are of fix or fcv« :,
ftories; and the granaries have itill
more, to which the Ihips lie elofe, and
take in their lading, ilere .ire twt.Ke
Lutheran churches; two for Calvinills,
and one for Roman catholics ; and a
college provided with very learned pro-
fcfibrs. It carries on a great trade, par-
ticularly in corn, tallow, leather, wool,
timber, and naval (tores. It 1709, up-
ward of 24,coopcrronsdii'd of tliepliifuie.
It wa;; a free hanfealic town, under tl.e
protei':lion of PoLmd ; but, in irS'Ji 't
fuLn'itted to the king of I'rufka, who
forcibly ufurped the fovcrcignty, in a
fecond partition, of the Polilh domi-
nions. In 1807 it funcndercd to the
French, after being bombarded a month;
and by the treaty of Tilfit, it was rellur-
D AR
tA to its former independence, undtr
the protection of Pruflia and Saxony
It is feated on the w branch of the Vif-
tula, near its entrance into the Baltic,
85 miles wsw of Konigfl)erg, and 170NW
of Warfaw. Lon. 18 38 e, lat. 5421 x.
Dambey the largeft river in Europe,
called Ifter by the aixients. It riles ^[
Donauefchingen, in Suabia, and flows
NE by Ulm; then e through liavaria
and Auftria, by Ratifton, Paflau, Ens,
and Vienna: it then enters Hungary,
and runs SE by Prefl)urg, Buda, and
Belgrade; after which it divides Bulga-
ria from Walichra, Moldavia, and Bef.
farbia, difcharging itfclf by five chan-
nels into the Black fea. It begins to
be navigable for boats at Ulm, and is fo
deep between Buda and Belgrade, that
the Turks and Germans have had fhips
of war upon it ; yet it is not navigable
to the Black fea, on account of the ca-
tarafts. Fron\. its fource to the ?.lack
fea, it traverlcs a "ourfe of above 1308
miles.
Danville, a town of Kentucky, in
Mercer county, fituate in a fertile plain.
35 miles ssw of Lexington, and 70 sh of
Louifville.
DaralgcrJ, or Darah-guierd, a town
of Ptrfia, in Farfiftan, faid to have been
founded by Darius. It is large, but not
populous ; and near it f ilt is found of
various colours, white, black, red, and
green. A confiderable manufafture of
glafs is carried on here. It ftands 100
miles EsE of Shiras. Lon. 54 56 E, lat.
:a8 56 N.
Darah, or Dras, a country of Bar-
bary ; bounded on the n by Sus, e by
Tafilct, s by Zahara, and w by the At-
lantic. A river of the fame name flows
through it, which enters the Atlantic
ou til* s fide of Cape Non. The priu-
oipai produce is iiuligo and dates. Tht
inhabitants are Arabs and Mahome-
tan!- ; and fome of tfee dift:rich ul tht
country are dependent on Morocco.
iJampoidin, a town of Hinilooft.m,
capital of the s part of Coimbetore. It
has a large mud fort, and ftraightand
w idc ft rects. Much cotton and tobacco
are cultivated in the vicinity, and the
garden and rice grounds are confider-
able. It is feated near the Amarawati.
42 miles hsii of Coimbetore, and lofc \t
of Tfiujure. i-on. ';^'; 40 e, lat. 10 47 «•
Darda, a towr and foit of Lower
Hui!g;iry, built by the Turks in iC8d,
and taken by the Auftrians the next
year. It is leated near the Dravc, at
the end of the bridge of Efleck, eigl'
miles » of Barany.
JJarduiicUts, two caftics of Turkey.;
R
ependcnce, under
aflia and Saxony,
tranch of the Vif-
s into the Baltic,
:fljcrg,andiroNw
38 E, lat. 5421 N'.
; river in Europf,
cients. It riles at
Suabia, and flows
through Bavaria
(bon, Paflau, Ens,
eiilcrs Hungary,
[burg, Buda, and
1 it divides Bulga-
[oldavia, and Bef-
felf by five chan-
rea. It begins to
i at Ulm, and is fo
md Belgrade, that
JUS have had fhips
it is not navigable
iccount of the ca-
urce to the ?.]ack
irfe of above 1300
of Kentucky, in
e in a fertile plain,
igton, and 70 sh of
rah-guiml, a town
. faid to have been
It is large, but not
it Tilt is found of
:e, black, red, and
le manufacture of
re- It (lands job
Lon.54 56 E,lat.
country of Bar-
ic N by Sus, E by
and w- by the At-
; fame name flows
Iters the Atlantic
Non. The ptin-
o and dates. The
)8 and Mahnmc-
e diftricls c»f tht
on Morocco.
n of Hiiiclooftan,
f Coimbetore. It
. and ftraight and
otton ,ind toliacco
vicinity, and the
lids are confiilt'r-
1 the Amarawati.
ictore, ami lofc \»
4JE, lat. 1047 ^'
d foit of Lower
e Turks in 16S6,
uftrians the next
?ar the Drave, a:
of Efleck, eib'lt
aftlcs of Turkey.;
D A R
i\\z one, called Seftos, feate^. in Ro-
mania; the other, called Abydos, in
Natolia. They command the sw en-
trance of the ftrait of Gallipoli. At the
latter, the cargjes of all (hips failing
from Couftantinople are fearched. Lon.
:6 26 K, lat. 40 10 N.
Darempoury, a town of Ilindooftan,
in Myfore, 98 miles ese of Seringapa-
tam. Lon. 78 24 e, lat. 12*6 n.
Darfoor, a kingdom of Africa, on the
borders of Nubia and Negroland, go-
verned by a chief who calls himfeif ful-
tan, and alTumes the mod extravagant
titles. The wild animals are the lion,
leopard, hytena, wolf and buffalo. The
domeftie animals are camels, goats,
(heep, and horned cattle. Cou(iderabIe
quantities of grain of different forts are
railed, and after the tropical rains the
fertility is fiidden and great. The peo-
ple are very b.irbarous ; confifting of
native tribes, of a deep black complex-
ion and woolly hair, though with fea-
tures different from thole of the Ne-
gros, and of Arabs of various tribes.
Polygamy is not only eftablilhed, but
the intercourfe of the fexes is totally
deftitute of decency. The moft fevere
libours of the (ield are left to the wo-
men; and the houles, which are of clay
covered with thin boards, are chiefly
built by them. Salt is the general me-
liium of commerce here, as gold duft is
in many other places of Africa. Cara-
vans travel between this country and
Kgypt. Cobbe is the capital.
Dnnvn, or Terra Firma Proper, a
province of Terra Firma, lying on the
coaft ^ of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans,
and particularly diflinguiflied by the
name of the Illhmus of Darien, and,
by foine writers, the Ifthmus of Pana-
1.1a. Jt extends, in the form of a crc-
lant, round the hay of Panama; be-
in^ boi:.nded on the n by the gulf of
Mexico, E by the river and gulf of Dd-
ricn, s by Popayaii and the Pacific
<;; L-an, aiitl w by the HiiHe ocean and Vi'-
raij;iia. It is not above 50 miles broad ;
but this ilUmius,, which unites the con-
tinents of N and S America, is ftrength-
tnixi by a chain of lofty mountains,
I'Rlehiiig Mirough its vvho'e extent,
which render it a barrier of solidity fuf-
iicient to reiift the impulfe of two op-
polite oceans. The mountains are co-
vtreti with forefls almoft inacceflible.
Tho valL-ys in this moilt climate, where
it raina durinj; two-thirds of the year,
are m.irlliy, and lb often overllowed,
that the inhabitants, in many places,
build their houfes upon tree", to be
tlijvated from the damp foil, and the
D A a
odious reptiles engendered in the putrid
waters. The natives go naked; and
the men have a filver plate fattened t«
their nofe, which hangs over their
mouths, in the (hape of a half-moon :
the women have a ring hanging down
in the fame manner; and they have alfo
fpveral chains of teeth, fliells, beads, and
the like, hanging from the neck to the
pit of the (tomach. Their boiifes are
moftly thin and fcattcred, and always
by the fide of a river, with plantations
lying about them. The men clear the
plantations, and the women cultivate
them. The girls are employed in pick-
ing and fpinning cotton, which the wo-
men weave, and the cloths are chiefly
ufed for hammocks. It is the bufinefs
of the men to make bafkets, which they
do very neatly with canes, reeds, or pal-
raeto leaves died of various colours.
Each man has fcveral wives, who live
together in great harmony. They are
fond of dancing to the found of a pipe
and drum, and play a great many antic
tricks. When they go out to hunt, the
women carry in their oafkets, plantains,
bananas, yams, potatoes, and caflava-
roots ready roafted. They have no
diftinftion of days or weeks, but reckon
their time by the courfe of the moon.
The animals are the fame as in other
countries of the fame climate. Tbi- prin-
cipal towns afe Panama and Porto Bello-
Darien, a river and gulf of Terra
Firma, which divide fthe provinces of
Darien and Carthagena.
Darien, a town of the (late of Geor-
gia, in Liberty county, feated on the
Alatamaha, not far from its mouth, and
47 miles ssw of Savanna. Lon. 81 14
w,lat. 31 23. N.
Durlinglon, a town in the county o
Durham, with a market on Monday.
Here are manufaflures of huckabacks,
camlets, filial I wares of the Manchefter
kind, and leather; alfo a curious water
machine for grinding optical glafle?,
and another for fpinning linen yarn, the
invention of a native. It is feated on
the Skerne, 19 miles s of Durham, and
241 N by vv of London. Lon. i 25 w,
lat. 54 .-^z >f-
])arni!i/(i(U, a town of Germany, ca-
pital of the upper county of Cat/.encl-
ieubogcu, with a caftle, where the
prince of ricfleDarmftadt generally re-
ikies. It has handfomc luburbs, and a
good college. It is feated on a rivqr of
the fame name, jo miles nnw of Uoi-
dclburg. Lon. 8 38 K, lat. 49 (^/i N. .
Darnry, a toWh of France, in the de-
partment of Vofgcs, 51 miles wsw of
Epinal.
D A R
Darorcr, a town of Spain, in /rragon,
with fcven pariHi churches, one of
which is collegiate- It ftands between
two hills, on the Xiloca, 48 miles ssw
of Saragofla.
Darore^ a. town of Hindooftan, in
Dowlatabad, 80 miles nw of Beder,
and 98 E by s of Amednagur. Lon. 76
43 E, lat. 18 44 V.
Darraway, a town of Hindooftan, in
the country of Tatta, at the mouth of
a river of the fame name, a branch of
the Indus, 74 miles wsw of Tatta. Lon.
66 31 E,lat. 343a N.
Dart, A river in Devonfliii^, which
rifes at the foot of Dartmoor hills,
iLTofles Dartmoor to Aihburton and
Totnefs, where it is navigable for fmall
vefTols- and enters the Englilh channel at
Dartmouth.
Dartfordy a town in Kent, with a
market on Saturday. Here are the re-
mains of a nunnery'founded by Edward
in. At the diiTulution it was converted
into a royal palace ; but it was alienated
by James i. The rebellion of Wat
Tyler, in the reign of Richard 11, began
in this town. In the neighbourhood
are fome gunpowder mills- It is I'eated
on the Darent, not far from its entrance
into the Thames, 15 miles e by s of
j^ondon.
Dartmoor, an extcnfive foreft in De-
vonfliire, bounded un the n by bleak
hills, and extending lo miles fouthwaid
quite through the centre of the county
to the fea. It contains about 80,000
acres, and is watered by the river Dart.
!Many iheep are bred here, but of a
fmall kind, and black'Cattle, which
thrive well on the coarfe herbage.
Dartmouth, a borough and teiiport in
Devonftiire, governed by a mayor, with
a market on Friday. It ftands on tlie
(ide of a craggy hill, by the river Dart,
near its entrance into the fea, and has a
fpacious bay, defended by a callle and
ftrong battery. The dock-; ards and
quay projedt into the river, and the
rocks on each fide are compofed of a
purple-coloured flate. The town con-
tains three churches, and has a conli-
lierable trade to the s of Europe and to
Newfoundland, as well as a ftiare in the
coaftlng tratfic- It is 30 miles ssw of
Exeter, and 203 w by s of London.
Lon. 3 45 w, lat. 50 aa n.
Dartmouth, a Veaport of Maffhchu-
fetS) in Briftol county, fituatc on the
Accuflinet, 70 miles s of Bollqn. Lou,
70 5* w, lat. 41 ij i!.
Darwar, a fortrefs of Hindooftan, in
the couiitr; of Sanore, taken from Tip-
ppo by the BritiQi in 1791, and after-
D A U
ward ,re(lor(^d to the Mahrattas. It 1%
45 miles WNw of Sanore. Lon. 75 9
E, lat. 16 5 N.
Dassel, a town of Lower Saxony,
in the ,duchy of Brunfwickf 15 miles
NNW of Gottingen.
Davanagiri, a town of Hindooftan,
in Myfore, with a fmall fort Here are
manufadlures of coarfe cotton cloths;
and ahb of cumlies, a kind of blankets
refembling Englifh camblets, which arc
in high repute. Many merchants reilde
here, and carry on a confiderable trade.
It is 36 miles nw of Chitteldroog.
Daveiitry, a town in Northampton.
ftiire, governed by a mayor, with a
market on Wednefday, and a manufac-
ture of whips. It ftands on the Roman
highway called Watling-ftreet, on the
fide of a hill, 10 miles w of Northamp.
ton, and 7* nw of LondoTi.
Daind, St. a city of Wales, in Pem-
brokefliire, with a market on Wednel-
day. It was once a confiderable place,
and had walls, which are now demolilh*
ed. The cathedral is only the ruins of
its former fplendour. From the cape
called St. David Head is a view into
Ireland. It is feated in a barren foil,
on the river Hen, 24 miles nw of Pem-
broke, and 273 w by » of London. Lon.
5 15 w, lat. 51 56 N.
David, St. a village of Scotland, iit
Fifefliire, with a harbour in Inverkeith-
ing bay. It has a confiderable nianii-
fadure of fait, and exports an immenlc
quantity of coal.
Dauid, Port iJf. an Engiilh fort, on
tht; coall of Coromande' which was
taken arid delUoycd by the French in
i^r,)), and has not ytt bi-eu rebuilt. It
is 80 miles s of Fort St. George.
Daris Strait, an arm of the fea be.
ween Greenland and N America, dil-
covered by captain Davis, in 1585,
v/hcn he attempted to find a nw pau
fage.
Davos, a town of Swiflcrland, in the
cinlon of Grifous, capital of a diftrid in
which are mines of copper, lead, and
filver. It is 14 milcp v. of Coire.
Danphm, I'orf, a fort built by the
French, on tlie b coaft of Madagafcar.
Lon. 45 10 E, lat. 24 55 s.
Dauphint), a late piovince of France,
extending 40 leagues from n to s, and
36 from E to w ; bounded on the w by
the Rhone, n by the Rhone and Savoy,
.** by Provence, and e by the Alps.
Hence the heir apparent of the late
kings of France was called the Dauphin.
Two thirds of Dauphiny are interfeded
by mountains, which aflbrd good paf^
tuMgc} plenty of timber, fir-trees io
D E A •
particulaf, for the building of flilps ;
and very fcarce fimples. In thefe moun-
tains, which are branches of the Alps,
are bears, chamois, marmots, eagles,
hawks, &c. anrl mines of iron, copper,
and lead. The valleys afford wheat,
and the hills, in the vicinity of the
Rhone, excellent wini^s, olives, and fllk.
The principal rivers are the Rhone,
Durance, Ifere, and Drome. It now
forms the departments of Drome, Ifere,
ami Upper Alps.
Dfl.c, or DaajSf a town of France,
in the department of Landes, and l.iteiy
a biihop s fee. Here are fome famous
hot baths, the Ipring of which dil-
charges 543 cubit feet of water in fifteen
minutes. It is furrounded by walls,
flanked with towers, and feated on the
Adour, 24 miles ne of Bayonne- Lon.
i,^ w,l3t. 43 4i».
Drnd Sea, a lake or inland fea of
Paleftine, into which the river Jordan
runs. It is 60 miles long and 15 broad,
inclofed on the e and w by high moun-
tains. There is no verdure on its banks,
or filh in its waters ; owing to the ex-
treme faltnefs and other qualities of its
water. Mines of foflil fait are found in
the fides of the mountains, which fnp-
ply the neighbouring Arabs, and the
city of Jerufalera; alfo fragments of
fulphur and bitumen, which the Arabs
convert into trifling articles of com-
merce. This lake, called alio Lake
Afphalfites, has no outlet; and it has
been demonftrated, that evaporation is
more than fuflicient to carry off the
water brought in by the rivers.
Deadmans Head, a cape on the s
coaft of England, in Cornwall, between
St. Maws and Fowey.
Deal, a town in Kent, with a market
on Thurfday. It is feated between the
N and S Foreland, and is a member of
the cinque port of Sandwich, governed
by a mayor. No manufacture is carried
on here, and ft chiefly depends on the
leafaring men who refort hither. It
has no harbour, but the fea between
the fliore and the Godwin Sands, called
the Downs, is generally a fecure road
for Ihips, where they ufually ride at
their Itaving or entering the river
Thames. The port is defi'nded by two
caftles, Deal or Walmer caftlc to the s,
and Sandown caftle to the n ; and alfo
by feveral batteries. Deal is the birth-
place of the celebrated Elifabcth Carter.
It is feven miles s by e of Sandwich,
and 74 c by s of London. Lon. i 34 e,
lat. 51 13 N.
Dean, a foreft in Glouceftcrfliirc,
including that part of the county which
DEC
lies between the Severn and the {h!?e8
of Monmouth and Hereford. In con>
tains four market towns and 23 pa-
rilhes. It is fertiU? in pafture and til-
lage, bears very fine oaks, and has rich
mines of iron and coal. It was once
reckoned the chief fupport of the En-
glilh navy ; but is now thinned by fre-
quency of felling, and narrowed by in-
creafe of cuItivation,,though a few deer
ftill continue to run ^ild in its recefles.
The forort of Dean, and the rich vale
of the fame name, abotmd in orchards,
which produce great plenty of excellent
cider.
Dclalpour, a town of Hiodooftan,
capital of a diftrift in the county of
Moultan. It is fituate on the great
road from Delhi to .Moultan, near the
river Setlege, 80 mile.s je of Lahore, and
170 E by JT of Moultan. Lon. 73 33 e,
lat. 30 5 N.
JhitH, a river in Suffolk, which rifes
near Debonham, and flows to VVood-
bridge, where it exp:uids into a long
narrow arm of the German ocean, a
little to the n of Harwich.
Dricnhani, a town in Suffolk, with a
market on Friday, feated on the fide of
a hill, near the fource of the Deben, 24
miles E of Bury St. Edmund, and 83 nk
of London.
Drbrccziny a town of Upper Hun-
gary, capital of a diftrift of the fame
name. It was taken by the Turks in
1684, and the Aufl:rians retook it the
fame year. It is 107 miles e of Buda.
Loa'. 21 38 F., lat. 47 34 N.
Deccati, an extenfive tradl in Hindoo-
ftan, which, from the figniiication of
its name, the South, has been fuppofed
to includi; the whole region s of Hin-
dooftan Proper. But, in its more ac-
cepted fenfe, it contains only the coun-
tries fituate between Hindooftan Pro-
per, and what is termed the Peninfiila ;
namely, the provinces of Candeiih,
Dowlatabad, Vifiapour, the N part of
Golconda, Berar, Orifla, and the Cir-
cars. It is bounded on the n by the
river Nerbudda, by Bengal, and b'-
Baliar ; and the river Kiftna forms it «
reparation on the s from the peninfula
of Hindooftan. All this vaft country
was once the fouthern province of the
Monguls, who did not pafs the Kiftna
till a recent period. Candeifli, Vifia-
pour, and a part of Dowlatabad, Berar,
and Orifla are fubjeft to the Mahrattas.
The Engliih have part of Orifla and of
the Circars. The dominions of the
nizam of the Deccan comprife Gol-
conda, the principal part of Dow.
latabad, and the weftern part of Berar
DEE
Uis territories are bounded on the »w
by the Poonali Mahrattas, :. by tlie Be-
rar Mahrattas, e by the Circars, and s
by the Carnatic and Myfore. By fa-
mily fucccflion, in 1780, the nizam be-
came poireflt'd of tho dihridts of Adoni
and Tachore, and of the Guntoor Cir-
car ; and by the peace of 179a and par-
tition of 1799 he had a fiiare of the
coiinti ies b«;Ionging to Tippuo Sultan>
including Kopaul, Cuddapa, Gange-
colUvGooty, and Gurrumconda. His
dominions (without including the cef-
fions) are fuppofed to be 4^0 miles
from Nw to SE, by 300 wide. The ca-
pital is Hydrabad.
Decin; a town of France, in the de-
partment of Nievre, feated in an ifland,
at the conflux of the Airon with the
Loin. 16 miles se of Nevers.
Dcckfudorfy a town of Lower Ba-
varia, feated on the Danube, i.y miles
Mw of PafHiu.
l)eddiii;;ioi!, a town in Oxfordfhire,
■with a market on Saturday, 16 miles
2i of Oxford, and 69 w nw of London.
Dfdhaw, a town of Maffachufets,
chiei of Norfolk county> feated on
Charles river, 1 1 miles sw of Bofton.
Dedliam, a town in EfTex, with a
market on Tuefday, and a manufac-
ture of baize. It has an ancient large
church, with a curious fleeple, and a
free grammar-fchool endowed by queen
Elifobcth. It is feated on the Stour,
eight miler, nme of Colchefter, and 58
ME of London.
Dep, a river of ^^'aIes, held in grer.t
veneration by the ancient Britons, and
the theme of many a poet fince. It
ilTuPs from the lake of Bala, in Mf.rio-
nethfhire, whence it flows through a
fine vale acrufr. the s part of Denbigh-
fliire to the nw part of Shropfhire, viiits
the w border of Chefhire, pailes on to
Chefter, and flows thence to the Irifti
fea, making a broad eituary, which fe-
parates Cheihire from i'linifhiie. The
Dee is navigable from near Eiiefmere,
in Shropihiie, to ■ heller, where the
continuity, of the navigation is broken
by a ledge of rockS, running acroffi the
river ; but by embankments made here,
much land has been gained fiom the
tide , and a narrow channel, litter for
navigation, has been formed from Chtf-
ter half way to the fea.
Die. a river of Scotland, which rifcs
OTi the w border of Aberdeen (hi re, amid
the mountains of Mar forcfl, and flows
E through a wild country till it reaches
the fertile vale of Brae mi r, whence it
proceeds to Aberdeen, below which it
enters the German cccan.
« DEL
Dee, a river of Scotland* which rife«
in the w part of Kirkcudbrightlhire,
receives the Ken, below New Galloway,
and runs into the IriQi f($a, live milei
below Kirkcudbright.
Deeping, or Market Deeping, a town
in Lincohifhire, with a market on
Thurfday ; I'eated on the Welland, in a
fenny country, fix miles B of Stamford,
and 90 N of London.
Dff, a vil^ge of Scotland, in Aber.
deenfljire, on ii river of its name, 19
miles H cf Peterhead. It has a trade
in fine yarn, and near it are the remains
of the abbey of Deer.
Deer field, a town of MalTachufets, in
Hampihire county, feated on the Con-
nedicut, near the influx of the river
Deerfield, 15 miles n of Northampton,
and 8q w by N of Boflon.
DfriiUTst, a village in Glouceder-
fliire, three miles 5 of Tewkeftury, fub^
jedt to frequent inundations from the
Severn. Here was a celebrated monaf-
tery, which was afterward made a eel)
to Tewkefbury abbt^.
Deinse, or Deiinse, a town of the
NethrHands, in Flanders, feated on the
Lip, eight miles sw of Ghent. '
Deiiahad, a town of Pcrlia, in Irac
Agemi, 90 miles n oflfpahan.
helugoa, a bay on the z coaft of
Africa, at the n end of the country of
Natal. The adjacent country abounds
in cittlc and poultry, which may be
puichafed for a trifle: and it is fre-
quently vjfited by veiTels employed in
the whale fifhcry. Lon. 3* E, lat. 1^
OS. _ ■
Delaivar, a town of Virginia, in
King William county, feated on the
broad peninfnla formed by the conflu-
ence of the Pamunky and Mattapony,
whofe united ftreams hence afl^'nme the
name of York River. It is so miles n
by w ()~ VVilliamfburgi, and 45 w of
Richmond.
Dclaicarc, one of the United States
of America, 91 miles long and 24
broad ; bounded on the n by PennfyU
vania, e by Delaware river and bay,
and s and w by Maryland. In many
parts it is unhealthy, being feated in a
peninfuli, where the land is generally
low, which occalionp the waters to
flagnate. It is divided into three coun-
ties. Newcaftle, Kent, and Siili'ex. The
capital io Dover.
Delaware, a river of the United
States, formed of two ftreams in ihe
i^ate of New York. In its courfe i^ ft-
p.irates Pennfylvania from New York
and New Jerfey; and, a few miles b-
low Philadelphia, tlie ftate of Delaware
of the United
ftreams in ilie
n its courff i*; fc-
Tom New York
a few miles bi-
Ute of Delawiire
DEL
from New Jcrfey, till it enters t.. head
of Delaware bay, a few miiea bclo.'-
Salera. At Phiiaidelphia it has a fuf-
ficicnt depth of water for a 74 gun
(hip; is navigable thence for fliups up
to the falls at Trenton ; and for boats,
that carry eight or ten tons, 40 miles
higher.
Delaware Bny, a bay of the United
States, between the ftates of Delaware
and New Jerl'ey. It is 60 miles lon^,
from Cape He'nlopen to the entrance of
the river Delaware at Bombay-hook,
andfiom loto^obroad. It opens intothe
Atlantic, between Cape Henlopen on
the s, and Cape May on the n, which
are ao miles apart, and on the former is
a lighthoule. Lon. 75 5 w, lat. 38 40 n.
i)ctebio, a town of SvviflTtrland, in
the Valteline, on a fmall river which
runs into the Adda, five miles nw of
Morbegno.
De(/ino, a town of European Tar-
key, and capital of Lower Albania,
where the pacha relides. It is 50 miles
ENE of Lariila. Lon. zi ij t, lat. 40
4N.
Delfl, a town of S Holland, well
built, with canals in the ftieets, planted
on each tide with trees. Here are two
churches, in one of which is the tomb
of William i, prince of Orange, who
was afliiflinated. It has a tine arfe-
nal, and a confiderable nianufacture of
earthen ware. Delft is the birthplace
of the renowned Grotius. It is feated
on the Schic, eight miles nw of Rotter-
dam.
Delftshavcn, a fortified town of S
Holland, on the n Ude of the Maefe,
with a canal to Delft. It is between
Rotterdam and Schiedam, not three
miles from each.
DvlJ'zmil, a town and fortrefs of Hol-
land, in Groningen, with a good har-
bour. It is feated on the Damfter, at
its entrance into tlie mouth of the Ems,
u miles w by .s of Emden. Lon. 658 e,
lat. 58 18 N.
DpUij, h province of Hindooftan,
bounded on the nw by Lahore, ne by
Senn.igur,K by the Rohilla country, s
by Agra, and w by Moultau. Having
been the font of continual wars for
above 60 years, it is alm^fl; depopulat-
ed; and a tratSl of country that pof-
felles every advantage that can be de-
rived from nature, contains the moll
mifeiable of inhabitants. It is now all
that remains to the great mogul of his
once txtenlive empire.
DfUti, the capital of the province of
the fame name. It is the nominal ca-
pital of all Hindooftan, and was at^u-
DEL
ally fo during the greatcll part of the
time fince the Mahomedan conqneft.
In i7.?8, when Nadir Shah invaded
Hindoodan, he entered Delhi, and
dreadful were the malTacresand famine
tliat followed: 100,000 of the inhabit*
ants pcrKhed by the fword ; a«d plun-
der to the amount of 62,000.000!. fter*
ling was faid to be collected. The fame
calamities were endured in i76r, on the
invallon of Abdalla, king of Candahar.
In 1803, the Mahrattas, aided by the
French, got poireffion of this place; but
they were afterward defeated here by
general Lake, and the aged Shah Au-
lum, emperor of Hindooilan, was re^
ftored to his throne. Delhi may be
faid to be now in ruins; but there arc
many fplendid remains of palaces with
baths of marble. The grand mofque ii
a magniticent edifice of mirble and
red freeftone, with high minarets, and
domes richly gilt. It is feated on the
Jumna, 350 miles nw ai Allahabad,
Lon. y-j 40 B, lat 8837 N.
Diiil:, a town and caftle of Upper
Saxony, in Mifnia. Great quantities of
worfteil ftockings are made here. It it
15 miles N by e of Leipfic
Dellamcufta, a fortrefs of the country
of Bootah, whicii ct)mmands the prin-
cipal pafs over the mountains It was
taken by ftorm in 1773, by a detach-
ment under the command of captain
Joim Jones. It is 5.y miles ssw of Taf-
lafudon, and 300 n of Moorlhedabad.
Lon. 88 46 E, lat. ay a n.
Dclmcniiorsl, a town of Weftphalia,
capital of a diftridt, in the duchy of
Oldenburg; feated on the Delm, near
the Wefirr, eight miles sw of Bremen.
Dflos, or Dili, an illand of the Archi-
pelago, formerly celebrated for the tem-
ples of Diana and Apollo, whofe birth-
place it is faid to be. It is fix miles
in circumference, but now little more
than a defert rock, covered with ruins*
and uninhabited. Lon. 25 13 e, lat.
3738N.
D'-I})hi, or Dclphof, a town of Euro-
pean Turkey, in Livadia, once famous
for the oracle of Apollo, which people
came from all parts to confult. It is
feated in a vailey, near Mount Parnaf-
fus, 18 miles wsw of Livadia.
Del Reji, the moft fouthcrn pro-
vince of Brafil, from 90 to 1 20 miles in
breadth, but .running above 800 in
length, between the mountains of Pa-
raquay and the Atlantic ocean. Its s
extremity contains a lake, called Me-
rim, 160 miles long and <o broad, with
a fort at each end ; and between it and
the ocean is another lake, very narrow.
DEN
Iiiit nearly as long. Tbe principal place
C'.i this extentive coalt is the iflaiid of
St. Catharine.
Dehbir^f a town of Switrerland, in
the late biHiopric of Bafel, on the river
Birs, lo mik'8 nw of Solcure.
Delta f a part of Lower Egypt, enclof-
cd between tht} moutks of the Nile and
the Mediterranean; fo called from its
triangular form, refembling the Greek
letter of that name. The fame term is
frequently applied to the mouths of the
Ganges, the Indus, and other rivers.
DemLea, a coniiderable lake of Abyf-
(inia, in a province of the fame name,
in the w part of the empire. It is fup-
pofed to be 450 miles in circumference,
and contains many iilands, one of which
is a place of confinement for ftate pri-
ibners.
Demerarttf a Dutch fettlement in
Guiana, on a river of the fame name,
contiguous to lilequibo. The river is
two miles wide at its mouth, defended
by a fort on the e bank, and navigable
upward of 200 miles. The country
produces coffee, fugar-canes, and the
fineft kinds of wood. It was taken by
the Englifh in 1796, reftored in 180?.,
and taken again in 1803. This fettle-
ment and that of IfTequibo form one
fovomment, and the capital is Star-
rock.
Dcmianskoif a town of Siberia, in
•the government of 'I'obolfk, feated on
thf Irtyfh, at the influx of the Demian-
ka, 100 miles nxe of Tobolik.
Demmin, a town of Hither Pomera-
nia, fituate among morafre!», on the river
Peene, 16 miles sw of Gripfwald.
Demonaf a town and fort of Pied-
mont, on the river Sture, 10 miles sw
of Coni.
Demotica, or DimofuCf a town of
European Turkey, in Romania, where
a Greek archbifhop relides. It was the
relldence of Charles xii forfome years j
.and is fituate near the Maritfch, la
iniles s of Adrian oplc.
Denain, a village of France, in the
department of Nord, where a victory
was gained over prince Eugene, by
marfhal Viilars, in 17 12. It is feated
on the Scheldt, fix miles sw of Valen-
ciennes. >
Denlip,h, a bprough of Wales, capital
of Denbighlhilre« with a market on Wed-
nefday. Its mined caftle, with its vafl
Inclofure crowning the top of the hill,
' forms a flriking objedt. Denbigh has a
confiderable manufaAure of gloves and
ihoes. It is fituate on the fide of a
rocky hill, above the vale of Clywd, on
,a branch of (he river of that name, 27
DEN
miles w of Chefter. and aoo nw of Lon-
don. Lon. aj ^^5 w, lat. 5j 11 n.
Denhighshirt; a county of Wales;
bounded en the N by the Irifh fea, nb
by Flintfliire, e by Shropfhirc, i> by
Mcrioncthfhire and Montgomeryfhire,
and w by Carnarvonfhire. It is 48 miles
long, and ao in its broadeft part, but
in general is much Icfs. It contains
410,000 acres, is divided into fix hun-
dreds, and 5 7 parifhes ; has three market-
towns; and fends two memb<*r8 to par-
liament. The number of inhabitants in
1801 was 60,352. Its principal rivers
are tht Clywd, Elwy, Dee, and ("on-
way. The foil is various ; the vale of
Clywd being extremely fertile, which
is not the cafe with the k part of t'lc
country; and the w is, in a manner,
baiTen. The produAs arc com, chcefe,
cattle, lead, and coal.
Dendcr, a river of the Netherlands,
which rifes in Hainault, Rows by Leuze,
Ath, Lellines, Grammont, Ninove, .ind
Aloft, and joins the Scheldt, at Deader-
mund.
DenderOy a town of Egypt, the refi-
dence of an Arabian prince, who takes
the title of Emir. It was anciently
called I'entyra, and from the ruins that
are feen appears to have been a large
city. This place fupplies mofl part of
Egypt with charcoal. It is feated near
the left bank of the Nile, 260 miles s
by BUf Cairo. Lon. 31 j8 e, lat. a6
15 N.
Dendcrmond, a fortified town of the
Netherlands, in Flanders, with a ftroiig
citadel. It was taken by the allies in
1706, and the Dutch put a garrifon into
it as one of the barrier-towns. The
French took it in 1745, and again in
1794. It is furrounded by marihes and
fine meadows, which can be covered
with water, and feated at the conflux
of the Dender with the Scheldt, 16
miles w of Mochliu. Lon. 4 n e, lat-
51 3 N-
_ Ven;a, a feaport of Spain, in Valen-
cia. The entrance into the harbour is
difficult , and the chief trade is i n almonds
and raitins. It ftands at the foot of a
mountain, 47 miles n e of Alicant. Lon.
o 2 E, lat. 38 50 N.
Denmark, a kingdom of Europe;
bounded on the e by the Baltic fea, w
and N by the ocean, and s by Germany.
The country is generally flat, and the
foil fandy. The air is rendered foggy
by the neighbourhood of the feas and
lakes, of which it is full ; but it has no
confiderable river. Denmark, properly
fo called, confifls of Jutland and the
iilands of Zealand and Funcn, with tl)e
31 58 E, lat. j6
Spain, in Valen-
to the harbour is
radci& in almonds
at the foot of a
of Alicant. Lon.
DEO
Utile tfle» about them; but the king of
lJenmark'8 dominions contain alfo Nor-
way, the duchy of Holftdn, Iceland,
and the Ferroe idands. In the E Indies
lie polTefles Tranqucbar on the coaft of
Coromandcl, and the Nicobar iflands;
in the W Indies, the iflands of St. Tho-
mas, St. Croix, and St. John; Chriftian-
burg on the coaft of Guinea; and a
fmall part of Greenland. Denmark
was once a limited and eledlive mo-
narchy; but, in 1660, it was made ab-
fohjte and hereditary, by a revolution
almoft unparalleled in hiftory; a free
people voluntarily refigning their liber-
ties into the hands of their fovereign.
The inhabitants are proteftants iince
tho year 1511, when they embraced the
confefTion of Auglburg. The manners
and cuftoms of the fuperior claffes dif-
fer little from thofe in other parts of
Europe ; but the peafantry continue in
a ftafe of vallalage, except thofe of the
crown, and conl'equently are idle, dirty,
and difpirited. The number of fouls,
in the iflands of Denmark and Jutland^
iseftimated at 850,000, in the duchyij
of Slcfwick or S Jutland 450,000, to'
which if we add Norway, the duchy of
Holftein, and Iceland, the whole num-
ber will be rather more than 2,140,000.
The revenues, which arife from the
crown and duties, are computed at
1,5:0,000!. a year. The harbours of
Denmark are well calculated for trade ;
and commercial companies are ellablifh-
ed to the E Indies, W Indies, and
Africa. The produce of Denmark, be-
lulc fir and other timber, is black-cattle,
hurfc's, butter, tallow, hides, pitch, tar,
iifli, oil, and iron. Copenhagen is the
capital.
Dmton, a town of Maryland, chief of
Caroline county, fituate on the Chop-
tank, 37 miles ssE of Chefter.
Deiiijs, St. a town of France, in the
department of Paris. The abbey of the
Benedidtines, to which the town owes
its rife, has the appearance of a palace.
Here is an ancient and magnificent
church, in which were the tombs of
many of the French kings ; and in the
trealury, among other curiofities the
fwords of St- i^wis and the Maid of
Orleans, and the fceptre of Charle-
magne. In 1793, after the abolition of
royalty, the royal tombs in the church
were all deftroyed ; and the name of the
town was changed to th^t of Franciade.
It is feated on the river Crould, near
the Seine, five miles n of Paris.
Dfft^ur, a town of Hindooftan, in Be-
rar, formerly the refidence of a rajah,
(55 miles nnw of Nagpour.
D E R
DeptforJ, a town in Kent, ronfider-
able for its fine docks, and for the kings-
yard and ftorehonfes. It was anciently
called Deptford Strond, or Weft Green-
wich- It is now divided into Upper
and Lower Deptford, and has two pa-
rifli churches but not a market. The
number of inhabitants in 1801 was
17,548. Here is an hofpital, incor-
porated by Henry vni, called Tri-
nity Houfe of Deptford Stroud. The
brethren of the Trinity Houfe hold
their corporation by this hofpital, and
anr obliged, at certain times, to meet
here for bufinefs. This hofpital contaipa
zt houfes; and a more modern ftrudlure,
and a finer one, called Trinity Hofpital,
contains 38. Both thefc are for dccaytnl
pilots, or mafters of Ihips, or their wi-
dows, who have a handfome monthly
allowance. Deptford is four miles E
of London.
Derlwnt, a town and fortrefs of Per-
fia, in the province of Schirvan, with
a haven on the w coaft of the Cafpian
fea. Jt is faid to have been built by
Alexander the great, and is furrounded
by high brick walls. The inhabitants
are chiefly Pcrfians, Tartars, and a few
Armenians. _ The fortrefs was taken by
the Rullians in 1722, in 1780, and again
in 1806. It is feated at the foot of a
mountain, 60 miles n of Schamachie,
Lon. 51 o B, lat 42 g n.
Derhf, a borough and the capital of
Derbyfhire, with a market on Friday.
It is feated on the Derwent, over
which is a ftone bridge; and a brook
runs through the town, under feveral
ftone bridges. Here is alfo a canal to
the Trent. It is governed by a mayor,
and has five churches, of which All
Saints is the chief, noted for its beauti-
ful tower. In 1734, a machine wa$
eredled here by fir Thomas Lombe for
the manufadiiring of filk, the model of
which was brought from Italy; and it was
the firft of the kind in England. Derby
poflelfes alfo a confidcrable manufafture
of cotton, and fine worfted ftockings;
and has a fabric of fine porcelain. Seve--
ral hands are employed in the lapidary
and jewellery branches; and Derby fli ire
marbles, fpars, and cryftals, ate
wrought into a variety of ornamental
articles. The malting trade is likewife
carried on here. In 1801, the number
of inhabitants was 10.833. The rebels
came as far as this town in 1745, aod
then returned to Scotland. It is 16
jjiiles w of Nottingham, and 126 nnw
of London. Lon. i 25 w, lat. 52 58 n.
Derl'ij, a town of C()nne(^ticut, in
Newhaven county, Itatcd on the Hou-
D E R
(btnTNC, . which is navi^'able hencf to
th- ffii, 14 aiilos NW a Ncwluvcii.
Dcrl'if, a town of Pcniifylvaiil.i, in
Pauphiti county. Htrc k a cave iliviil-
ed into fcveial apaitmcnts, and adorn-
ed with nait.'dilcs. It is litiintc nn the
t>\v»tcra, two miles above its conflux
vith the Sufqudianna, and 10 se ol'
Harrifl)urg.
D'lii/shire, a county of England;
bounded on the n by Yoikihirc, e by
Noltinj^liamfljire, s by Ltictfttrfliire
and Warwickrtiiri.', w by Stalfordlhiro,
and ^w by Ctiofliiiv. It extends 59
miles from n to s, and 34 where broad-
eft, but in the s part it is not above fix.
It contains 720,640 acres; is divided
into fix hundreds, and 1,^6 parilhis;
has II market-towns; and fends four
members to parliament. The nuniber
of inhabitants in liioi was 161,14a.
The 3 and l parts are phaf«rit and
fertile, producing moll kinds of grain,
particularly barley. Even the nw part,
called the Peak, is abundantlyr rich;
for the mountains abound in mi erals,
and the intermediate valleys arc fruitful
in grafs. The barytes, or ponderous
earth, is here found in great quantities.
The principal rivers are the Deiwent,
JDove, Erwafli, and Trent. See l\ak.
Dereham, a town jn Norfolk, with
a market on Friday. The church is
a very aiicient ftrudlure, with four
chapels, and a curious ftooe font. It is
16 miles w of Norwich, and loi nne
of London.
Ddfiiiurg, a town of Lower Saxony,
in the principality of Halberftadt, fix
milts wsw of Halberftadt.
Drrkusy a town of European Turkey,
in Romania, on the coaft of the Black
fea, 50 miles nnw ofConftantinople.
Dcrita, a town of Barbary, capital of
Barca, and the refidence of a fangiac.
It is feated in a fertile country, near
the coalt of the Mediterranean. I.on.
33 5 E, lat. .ii 45 N.
Dfiiiis, or Di riiisch, a town and for-
trefs of Dalmatia, on a mountain, near
the river Kerka, 18 miles n of Sebcnico.
Derate, a town of Egypt, with a
grand temple, on a ifle formed by the
canal from Cairo to Rofetta, 50 miles
NNW of Cairo.
Dopl. See Dnrpt.
D'rwent, a river in Dcrbyfhire, whirh
rifes in the Peak, flows s through the
middh" of the county, by Dwrby, and
joins the Trent, on the borders of Lei-
cefterfliire.
Derwent, a river in Yorkfliire, which
rifes in the n riding, flows by Malton,
and joins the Oufe, near Howden.
D E T
Drrwtnt, a river in Durham, wliiclj
forms, for ibint: fpacc, the bntuidary
between that county and Northumber-
land, and joins the I'ynt.', above New.
caftlc
Derii'cnf, a river in CumberLind,
which flows N through the lakes of
Dtrwent-watcr and Badeiithwaitcwa-
ter, and then runs w by Cockermouth,
into the Irifli fea, near vVorkington.
Drrwcnl-ira/cr, a lake in Cumberland,
near to Kefwick, of an oval form, thnc
miles in length and a mile and a half
wide. It is furrounded by rocky moun-
tains, broke, -nto many fantaflic fliapes.
The precipices feldom ovwhang the
water, but are arranged at fome dif-
tance; and the ihoresfwell with woody
eminences, or fink into green paftoral
margins. The lake contains five iflands;
one of which, near the centre, is famous
for having been the refidence of St.
Herbert, the ri^iins of whofe hermitagi;
are yet remaining The river Derweiit
flows through this lake.
De.\aguaaero, a river of Mexico. Sec
Juan, St.
De.iu^uadrro, a town of Chili, feaicd
on a lake of the fame name, 260 miles
E of Valdivia. Lon. 67 30 w, lat. 40
5 »■
Drsraaa, one of the Caribbee idands,
in the W Indies. It is 10 milea long
and five broad, and generally the firll
land that is made in failing to the W
Indies. Lon. 61 20 w, lat. 16 40 .v.
Dfseada, or C'aiie Desire, the sw
point of Patagonia, at the entrance of
the ftrait of Magellan, from the South
fea. Lon. 74 18 w, lat. 53 4 s.
Dessau, a ftrong town of Upper Sax-
ony, capital of the principality of An-
halt-DelTau. It has manufactures of
cloth, ftockings, and hats; and is feated
on the Mulda, at its conflux with the
Elbe, 37 miles n of Leipfic Lon. 12 25
E, lat. 51 i;2 Hr
Delmold, a town of Weftphalia, in
the county of Lippe, with a fortified
caft^le ; feated on the river Wehera, 1 7
mih's NNW of Paderborn.
Detroit, a town of the ftate of Ohio,
with a ftrong fort. Its trade confilh in
a barter of coarfe European goods with
the Indians for furs, deer (kins, tallow,
&c. It is fituate in a fruitful country,
on the w fide of the ftrait, or river, thai
forms the communication between the
lakes St. Clair and Erie. Lon. 83 o w,
lat. 42 40 N.
Deltelbach, a town of Franconia, in
the principality of Wurtzburp, feated
on the Maine, eight miles e of Wurtz •
burg.
of Mexico. Sec
'aribbee iflands,
Francoriia, in
tzbiirp, feritfd
s E of Wurtz-
DE V
f)cttin^en, a village of Germany, in
th ; liinitory of Haiiau, fgur miles se of
ILinau. Here George ii gained a vic-
tory over the French in 1743.
Ihva, a town of Spain, in Guipufcoa,
on the bay of Bifcay, 15 roiles se of
Biiboa.
Ih ufllOjjjT Zagoria, a town of Euro-
pean Turr^, in lUilg-iria, tbe fee of a
Cnei'k archbilhop ; fituate on the Pani-
/i, ni.-ar the Black ftfa, 58 miles ne of
Adrianople, and 106 nnw of Conltan-
tinopie. Lon. 27 a» k, lat. 42 25 n.
Drvenlcr, a city of Holland, the ca-
pital of Overylfin, with a college. It is
iurrounded by ftrong walls, and feated
on the "VfTel, 50 miles e of Amfterdam.
Lon. 6 10 E, lat. 52 17 n.
Deinron, a river of Scotland, which
rifes in the se of Banfffliire, and enters
the ocean at Banff. It forms the boun-
dary between the counties of Aberdeen
and Banff for many miles.
])evi:cs, a borough in VViltfhirc, go-
verned by a mayor, with a market on
Thurfday, and a manufa*5ture of ferges
and other woollen ftufTs. It has two
churches ; and on a hill within the town
are the remains ofacaftle, originally a
l^oman work. It is 24 miles NW of
S,"Iifi)iiry, and 89 w of London.
J)ruori, a river of Scotland, which
riles in these part of Perthfhire, and,
.ifter a courfe of 40 mih-s, enters the
I'orth at C'lackmannan, only eight miles
iiiltant from its fource. In Perthfhire
it forms fomeromantic waterfalls, called
tlie Devils-mill, the Rumbling-bridge,
a:".d the Caldron-linn.
Di'vonsliiri', a county of England, 70
miles long and 64 broad, bounded on the
NW and N by the Brillol channel, v. by
Snmerfetdjire andDorfetdiire, s e and b by
the Eiiplilh channel, and w by Cornwall.
It contains 1,600,000 acres ; is divided
into 31 hundreds, and 398 parilhes; and
hasoiie city and 35 market-towus. 'Ihe
number of inhabitants in i8or was
343,oo.(; and it fends 26 member" to
parliament. Tlu'-;ur is fo mild in the val-
hys, that the myrtle grows unOu'ltered ;
but it is cold and bleak on the niouii-
t.iinr. The foil is various, for the lower
fiounds are naturally fertile, and tin;
hilia are very barren. In the eafkin
p,irt there is plenty of good corn, and
till'' pafturage for ihecp, where ttie
grounds are dry and chalky. The foufh-
cin part is remarkably fertile ; and
fruit-trees are plentiful, efpccially ap-
ples, with which a great quantity of
cider is made. On the coaft id found a
poculinr rich fand, of finpr.lar fcrvioe
'■•J liulb-indruen, The middle part. is
DIE
occupied by the forell of Dartmoor.
The weltcrn part abounds with game,
efpccially har«'s, pheafants, and wotxl-
cocks ; and htri" is a bird lb very fmall»
that it is reputed a humming-bird, and
like that confli uds its ntft on th<; ex-
treme branches of trees. Dcvonftiirc
waa formerly ny)re celebrated for its
mines than even Cornw.ill ; and al-
though the latter has nearly monopo-
lized the trade, the flannary laws in
fome degive remain in force. Mere are
veins of loaddonc ; likcwife qu,?rrie» of
good Itoncand flate, great quantities of
which are exported. In the sw parts
are much marble, and in many plices
marble rocks are the bafis of the high
road. I'he principal rivers are the la-
mar. Taw. l\)rridge. Ex, Teign, and
Dait. Exeter is the capital.
Drupratr, a town of Tiliet, in the
country of SiniagUr, feated at the con-
flux of the Allaknandara with the Gan-
ges, 33 miles s of Sirinagiir.
Drux PuulSf or Zweybruchen, a late
duchy of Germany, in the palatinate of
the Rhine. It formerly belonged t<> the
kings of Sweden of the houfe (if Zwey-
brucken, which Hne becoming cxtinft
in 1 73 1, the count of Birkenftid ob-
tained poflt'flion in 17^-^. The country
is mountainous, butcelebratedfor mine*
of qutckfilvLT, and yields abundance of
corn, wood, and wine. It now belongs
to France, raid- Is included in the de-
partment of Mont Tonnerre.
Dtux Punts, a town of France, in
the department of Mont Tonnerre, late-
ly the capital of the duchy of the fame
name, with a inagni*";cent palace. It is
feated on the I'Iriiach, 49 miles nnw of
Stralburg, and 30 sw of >lentz. Lon.
7 2R K, 1,U..49 ^? ^■
Dii'rhfk, or Diarlrfcir, a province oF
Afiatic Turkey, between the Tigris and
Euphrates ; bounded on the N by Ar-
menia, t". by Curdiftan, s by Irac-Arabi,
and w by Syria. It was the ancient
Mefopotainia.
Lhcrbr/iir, a town of Afiatic Tur-
key, capital of the province ofDiarbck,
and the rclidcnce of a pacha. The
Turks are more afi'ablc here than in
other places, with regard to the Chrifti-
ans, who are above 20,000 in number.
It has a great trade in red Turkey lea-
ther, and cottf.n cloth of the fame co-
lour. It is feated on tlie li^-ris, 150
milea nnu of Aleppo. Lon. 39 40 k,
hit. jr 18 v. _
JJif, a town of France, in the de-
piitmer.t of Drume, lately an epifcopal
fee. It is r-Tted on tl\e Drome, 24
ivildf.' "s of Vider.o.-.
Ti I E
Dlrlurp^ a town of Cfrmany, in the
lati- clcdorate of Mentz, lo miles sw
of Afcliaflcnburg.
Diego, St. a town on the coaft of
New Albion, c.ipital of a jurifdiition
of it* name. It llaiidH in fo barren a
country, that in tht* dry feafon cattle
are fciit tipward of lo miles for paftur-
agc. The port aftords excellent an-
cnorapr. Lon. 1 16 53 w, Kit. .3.;) 13 N.
Diifiinh, a town of the Netherlands,
in tht! duchy of Liixtmburg, fituatc on
the Semoy, 18 miles n of Luxemburg.
J)it'(i/ioU:, a town and cafllc of
Weftplialia, capital of a coimty of the
fame name. It has manufatftufos of
coarfe woollen and linen cloth, and
flands on the river Uunto, near the
lake Dummer, 30 miles nw of Minden.
Lon. 8 s8 E,lat. 5a 36 n.
Dieppe, a feaport of France, in the
department of Lower Seine, with a
good harbour, formed by the mouth of
the river Arqucs, an old caltlt', and two
piers. The principal trade conflfts in
nth. ivory toys, and laces. It was bom-
barded by the Knylilh in 1694, and is
not fo confulerabie as formerly. It is
30 miles N of Kouen, and 131 nw of
Paris. Lon. 1 4 k, lat. 49 56 n.
Dicrdorf, a town of Weftphalia, ca-
pital of the upper county of Wied,
with a caftle ; fituate on the Wiedbach,
lo miles NNW of Coblcntz.
Dicnmlciti, a town qf Auftria, with
an Augudine convent, and the ruins of
a cattle, in which Richard i of England
was imprifoneii. It is feated on the
Danube, 17 miles nk of St. Polten.
Dieseu, a town of Bavaria, on the w
fide of the lake Ammcrfec, 10 miles se
of Landfberg.
Diestnliujcn, a town of Swifierland,
in Thurgau, feated on the Rhine, five
miles s of Schaf^'haufen.
Dicsty a town of the Netherlands, in
Brabant, with confiderable manufac-
tures of cloth, ftockings, &c. feated on
the Demer, 16 miles nf. of Louvain.
jDu7r, a town of Germany, in the
Wcfterwald, capital of a county of the
fame name, with a ftrong caftle. It is
fubjef^ to the prince of Naflau-Dietz,
and feated on the Lahn, 24 miles wsw
of Wetzlar. Lon. y ^^ e, lat 50 zo n.
DienzCf a town of France, in the de-
partment of Meurthe, with wells of
fait water, which produce much fait.
It is feated on the Seille> ^^ miles ne
of Nancy.
Dlez, St. a town of France, in the
department of Vofges. It had lately a
celebrated chapter, whofe canons were
obliged to produce proofs of nobility.
D I N
It la feated on the Meurthe, 30 mil^ m
of Luneville.
Dighlont a town of MaflTachufeti, in
Briftol county, fituate near Taunton
river, feven miles ssw of Taunton.
Dignantf a town of Iltria, three miles
from the gulf of Venice, and 45 s of
Triefte.
Digne, a town of France, capital of
the department of Lower Alps, and a
bifliop 8 fee. It is famous for its hot
baths, and feated on thg Bleone, 30
miles 8 by w of Embrun. Lon. 6 16 e,
lat. 44 10 N.
Dijon, a city of France, lately an
archbiHiopric, but now a biihopric, and
c.ipital of the department of Cote d'Or.
'i'he public ftrudtuns, and particularly
the churches, arc very fine. In front
of the Palace Royale, is the ancient
palace of the dukes of Burgundy ; and
at the gates of Dijon is a chartreufe, in
which fome of thofe princesare interred.
Dijon is feated in a pleafant plain, which
produces excellent wine, between two
fmall rivers. 48 miles ne of Autun.
Lon. < 3 E, lat. 47 19 K.
Din. See Ddos.
Dilla, a mountain of Hindooftan, on
the coaft of Tellicherry, 30 miles n by
wofTellicherry.
Dillniburg, a town of Germany, in
the Wefterwald, capital of a county of
the fame name, rich in mines of copper
and iron. It has a fortrefs, on a moun-
tain, the ufual refidencc of the prince
of Naflau-Dillenburg ; and is feated on
the Dillen. 14 miles nnw of Wetzlar.
Lon. 8 37 k ' '. 50 4a N.
Dillrngin, a town of Suabia, with a
catholic univerfity, feated on the Da-
nube, 1 7 miles Nw of Augfburg.
DtmoluCy a town of European Tur-
key, in Romania, and a Greek arch-
bifliop's fee ; feated on a mountain,
furruunded by the Meriza, 12 miles sw
of Adrianople.
Dintnit, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Cotes du Nord, feated on
a craggy mountain, by the river Ranee,
so miles s of St. Malo.
Dinanty a town of the Netherlands,
in the territory of Liege, with a caftle,
and eight churches. The chief trade is
in leather, and in the vicinity are qusr-
ries of marble and mines of iron. It is
feated near the Meufe, 15 miles sse of
Namur, and 44 sw of Liege.
Dmasmouthy y a town of Wales, in
Merionethlhirc, governed by a mayor,
with a market on Friday. It (tands at
the foot of a high precipice, on the
river Dyfi, 18 miles s by w of Bala^ and
J96 Mw of jLondon.
the, 30 milei n
D I S
Tiini'if.ul, a province of the penlnfula
of Hindooftan, 86 miles long and 40
broad, lying between Coimbtjtore ind
Travancori', and chit-fly fertile in rice.
On the dtfeat of Tippoo in 1799 it
bccanic fubjc.it to tliu Biitiflj.
Ihndijinl, a town of Hindooftan, ca-
nit;il vf t''« province of the fame name,
with a fortrt'fs on a rock. It is 40 miles
nnw of Madura, and 77 sk of Coimbv
tore- Lot). jH 1 k. 'at. 10 a^ n.
i)/«l!W///»^^ a town of Bavaria, fcated
un the Iter, lo miles KNt of Lar.dfchut.
/)(Mij/c, a feaport and horough of Ire-
land, in the county of Kerry. The
chiff exportH are butter, beef, com, and
lini-n. It M fcatcd at the head of an
inlet, on the n lido of Dingle hay, a 8
BiiU'8 wsw of Tralec. Lon. 10 38 w,
lat. 51 58 N-
Dintiu'ull, a borough of Scotland, in
Uofslhire. Some linen yarn is manu-
factured here, and there is a lintmill in
the neighbourhood. It is fcated at the
head of the frith of Cromarty, 18 miles
w of Cromarty.
Dinkflspil, a town of Suabia, lately
imperial. It has a foundation of Teu-
tonic knights, and a trade in cloth
and reaping-hooks. It ia feated on the
Wertiitz, 18 miles nnw of Horlingen.
Dinchuu, a fortified town of W
Fruflia, feated on the Viftula, nine miles
wof Maricuburg.
Disenfis, a town ot Swifferland, in
the canton <)f Grifons, with an abbey
founded in the feventh century. It is
tituate near the fources of the Rhine, 10
miles .'jsw of llantz.
Dmhln/, a village in Leicefterfhire,
two miles nw of Loughborough, ren-
dered famous by a native gra/icr and
farmer, Robert Bakewell (who died in
1795) from his fuccefsful experiments
and pradtices in the improvement of
live (lock.
Dixmal Swampy a marfliy traft of the
United States, on the coaft of N Ca-
rolina, 50 miles long and 30 broad, en-
tirely covered with trees and brufh-
wood. It occupies the whole country
bctweuu Albemarle found and Pamlico
fuund.
DUs, a town in Norfolk, with a mar-
ket on Friday, and manufactures of
canvas and hofe. It is feated on the
river Waveney, on the fide of a hill, 19
milts s of Norwich, and 86 nne of
London.
Disscn, or Tissen^ a town of Weft-
phalia, in the principality of Ofnaburg,
where arc fait works which belong to
Uanovcr. It is 16 miles SE of Ofna-
burg.
D O D
Ditlington^ a village in Cumberland,
four miles m by b of Whitehaven. A
great quantity of lime U burnt here, and
lent to Harrington and Whitehaven for
exportation.
J)itif iin illand of Hindooftan, making
the s point of 'Gu/ernt, at the entrance
ol'the gulf of Cambay, three miles long
and one broad. On it is a fortified
town of the fame name, built of free-
ftoiic and marble ; and it contains fome
fine churches, ere«Jled by the Portu-
guefe, about the time they took policf-
fion of the illand in 1515. The tr.id«?
of the town, once fo important, is
almoft entirely removed to Su rat. It is
180 miles w by s ofSurat, and aoo nw
of Bombay. Lon. 70 .^ k, lat. 20 45 ti.
D'lxan, a town of Abyflinia, in Tigre,
feated on the top of a conical hill, and
inhabited by Moors and Chriftians.
Their chief trade is ftealing children,
and carrying them to a market at Ma-
fuah, whence they arc fent to Arabia or
India. It is .34 miles s of Mafuah.
Dixmude, a fortiHed town of the Ne-
therlands, in Flanders, celebrated for its
excellent cheefe and butter. It is feat-
ed on the Yper, » j miles N of Ypres.
Dizia-f St, a town of France, in the
department of Upper Marne, feated on
the Marne, ij miles nne of Joinville.
Dniiptr, anciently the Borifthenes,
a large river of Ruftia, which rifes in the
p;oveniment of Smoleniko, and flowing
in a foutherly diredion, enters the Black
ffa, between Chcrfon and Oczakow.
Through its whole courfe, of above 800
miles, its navigation is only once inter-
rupted by a feries of cat^rads, which
begin below the influx of the Samara,
and continue for above 40 miles; but
thefe may be pailcd in fpring by loaded
barks.
Dnienter, a river, the ancient Tyrap,
which rifes in Galicia, in Auftrian Po-
land, and flows to Chockzim, dividing
Podulia frojn Moldavia; it then fe-
parates Beflarbia from the Ruflian go-
vernment of Catharinendaf, and having
watered Bender, enters the Black fea,
at Akerman.
JJoL'tlin, a town of Couvland, »o miles
sw of Mittau.
Jiobrzirit a town of Poland, in the
palatinate of Ploczko, feated on a rock,
near the Viitula, 14 miles nw of Plocz-'
ko.
Dochm, a town of Holland, in W
FrieQand, near the mouth of the river
Ee, ID miles ne of Lewarden.
'Dodbruokf a town in Devonftiire,
with a market every third Wednefday,
and noted as being the firft place whci e
DOM
^hitc ale was brewed. It /^ands on a
rivulet, by which it is parted from
Kin^fbridge, so8 niiles w »w of Lon-
don.
Doel, a town of the Netherlands, in
Flanders, on the river Scheldt, oppofitc
Lillo, I'even miles Nw of Antwerp.
Dti(--^iur^y a town of Holland, in Gel-
derland. It hab been often t<'k»'n; arid
the rcduftion of it, in 1586, w,is the
firll exploit of the Englifli forces lent by
queen Elilabcth to the affiftance of the
Dutch. It is feated on the Yfiel, 10
miles ssw of Zutphen.
DfiJ'ar. Si-t:- Dajar.
Dogadoy a province of Italy, in the
iliichy of Venice, m which is the capital.
It is bounded on the e by the gulf of
Venice, s by Poiehno, w by Paduano,
and N by Trevifano. It comprehends
many fmall i (lands near it, called the
JjOguties of Vaiice.
Dol, a town of France, in the depart-
ment rif Ille and Vilaine, lately an epif-
copal fee ; iitnate in a morafs, five miles
from the fea, and ai se * f St. Malo.
Dtilcv AqtiUf a town of Piedmont,
with a caftle, feated on the Nervia, five
miles N of Vintimiglia.
Dolcigno, a town of European Tur-
key, in Albania, and a billiop's fee, with
a good liarbour, and a citadel. It is
feated on the Drino, 40 miles se of
Scutnri. Lon. 19 34 K, lat. 4: 12 n.
Dole, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Jura, on the river Doubs,
25 miles wsw of Befan(,on.
Dolgelhf, a town of Wales, in Me-
rioriethlhire, with amarkpt on Tucfda)^
and a manufadure of coarfe woollen
cloth, undied, called webbing. It is
feated on the river Avon, at the foot of
the mountain Cader Idris, la miles sk
of Harleigh, and ai a nw of London.
DoVart Bay, a bay or lake feparating
E Fricfland, in Germany, from Gronin-
^en, in Holland. It was formed Ly an
immdation of the fea in 1277, when 33
villages are faid to have been de(b oycd.
DoThaz/ize, a town of Bohemia, in
the circle of Pilfen, on the rivulet Cad-
bu/z, 17 miles s of Pilfen.
Domiuva, a fmall ifland near the
coalt of Birmah, in the bay of Bengal.
Lon. 94 35 E, lat. 17 32 N.
Dumies, a late principality and fmail
country of France, in Burgundy, of
v.hich Trcvoiix was the capital. It is
now part of the de]»artment of Ain.
Domir.wdT, a town of Poland, in the
palatinate of Lemberg, 60 milea sw of
Lemberg.
Dowjrotit, a town of Francej in liie
liiparlmcnt of Oine, feated o;i a cragjjy
DOM
rock, by the river Varcnne, 35 miln
NW of Alcnqon.
Domingo, St. or Hispaniola, one of
i\t richcft iflands in the W Indies, 400
miles in length and 75 in breadth. It
was difcovered by Columbus, in 149J,
{ind is furroundcd by craggy rocks
and dMngentUs fhoals. The heat to the
N and SE would be infupportal)]e for
fix months of the year, if not qualified
by f^? eafterfy winds, and nrquent
rains ; but the latter foon fpoil the
flelh, bread, and fruits. It has a great
many rivers, and mines of gold, talc,
and cryftal. The Spaniards had pof.
fefiion of the whole ifland for ijo years;
in the firft fifteen of which fhey re-
duced at lead a million of inhabitants
to 60,000. They were aftenvard forced
to divide the ifland with the French,
who had the w part; and the Spaniards
retained the e, which is the moft exten-
five and fruitful. This joint poircirion
continued till 1795, when the Spaniards
ceded tbeir part to the French. Since
the revolution in France this ifland has
been fubjedt to great calamities. In
1791 an infun-ed;ion began in the
French plantations, and in a fiiort time
not lefs than 100,000 blacks were in
arms; the manufactures and planta-
tions appeared as one general conflagra-
tion, and the plains and mountains
were covered with carnage and blood.
An African by birth, named Tonflaint,
was afterward inverted with the com-
mand of the blacks and mulattos. In
180 J the French fent an additional
force, and after feveral encounters the
negro chief was induced to accept of
apparently favorable terms; but foon
after he was perfidioufly feized, and
fent in iions to France, where he pe-
rifijcd in a dungeon. Two ol'her black
chiefs, Dtllalines and Cbrift:ophc, faved
thcmfelves by flight; the natives again
flew to arms ; and the French troops
fell vifiiuis lo the climate. Dtflidines
fucccedcd to the authority of ToufiTaint,
and in i8o4caufed bimfelf to be pro-
claimed emperor of Hayti, the ancient
name of the ifland. In 1806 the chiefs
bL;mm to wsr againft each ntlier, and
the black emperor was killed. Chrif-
topre was cl-'fted chief in his place, and
is now engaged in a ftate of warfare.
St. Dominga lies between Jamaica t»
the v/, r.iid Porto Rico to the k.
Doii.ivgo, :Sf. the capital of the B
part of tile ifland of St. Domingo, and
an archbifliop's. fee. The cathedral is a
fuperb ftrud'.ure. It is fcatfd on a na-
vigable river, and had formerly a har-
bour, which is now chouked up with
arenne, 35 milei
Hspaniola, one of
Ke W Indies, 400
5 ill breadth. It
lumbus, in 149},
by craggy rocks
The heat to the
infupportable for
r, if not qualified
Is, and frequent
T foon fpoil the
8. It has a great
fies of gold, talc,
)aniards had pof-
andfor ijo years;
f which fhey re«
ion of inhabitants
e afterward forced
with the French,
and the Spaniards
is the moft extcn-
lis joint polTdfion
hen the Spaniards
le French. Since
nee this ifland has
It calamities. In
n began in the
nd in a (hort time
o blacks were in
ures and phnta-
gcneral conflagra-
[s and mountains
image and blood,
named Touflaint,
d with the com-
ind mulattos. In
nt an additional
al encounters the
iced to accept of
terms; but foon
)ufly ieizcd, and
ice, where he pe-
Two ot'her black
Chriftopiic, faved
the natives again
he French troops
nnate. Dtflalines
irity of Touflaint,
imfelf to be pro-
layti, the ancient
gn 1806 the chiefs
each itlier, and
as killed. Chrif-
• in his plac. and
ftate of warfare.
ween Jamaica t»
to the K.
capital of the R
t. Domingo, and
The cathedral is a
is featfd on a na-
1 formerly .i har-
:hoakcd up with
tiON ......
fand. Though its trade has been tonjf
extinA, it was in a. refpedtiible condition
while it continued in the hands of the
SpaniaM*; The city itfelf is \srtfi, v»q\\
built of Hone, and defended by bat-
teries. Con. 70 10 w^ lat. 18 xo n.
Dominica, one of the Windward
Caribbce iflands in the W Indies. It
lies about half-way between Guada-
loupe and Martinico, and is 28 miles
long and 13 broad. It was taken by
the EngliflJ in i^^T, .end confirmed to
them by the p«?ac. of 1 763. The French
took it in 1778, but reftored it in 1783 ;
and in 1795 they made an unfuccefsful
attempt, for all the Frenchmen that
landed were either killed or taken pri-
foners. It fuffered great damage by a
tremendous hurricane in 1806. The
foil is thin, and i)ettcr adapted to the
rearing of coffee than fugar; but the
fides of the hills bear the fineft trees in
the W Indies, and the ifland is well fup-
piied with rivulets. Th6 capital is
Charlotte-town.
Dominica, the largeft of the iflands
of the Pacific ocean, called the Marque*
fas. Lon. 139 a w, lat. 9 41 s.
Domino, St. one of the Tremiti
iflands, in the gulf of Venice, 15 miles
from the coaft of Naples.
Domitz,^a. town of Lower Saxony,
in Me^ljlenburg-Schwerin, with a fort,
feated at the confluence of the £lve and
Elbe, 2$ miles i of Schwerin.
Dommel, a river of Dutch Brabant,
which receives the Aa below Bois le
Due, and then flows into the Metife.
Domo d'Ossola, a town of Italy, in
the Milanefe, vith a caitle, feated on
the Tofa, 20 miles n cf Varallo.
Dompaire, a town of Jprance^in the
department of Vofges, xo miles wnw
ofEpinal.
Domrcmy, a town of France, in ^ the
department of Meufc, the birtbplate of
the celebrated Joan of Arc, the Maid of
Orleans. It is feated on the Meufe,
five miles n of Neufchateau.
DomvillfTs, a town of France, in the
department of Meufe, 14 miles n of
Verdun.
Don, a river of Ruflia, which feparates
the SE part of Europe from Afia. It
iflues from the lake St. John, in the go-
vernment of Tula, and flows into the
fea of Afoph, This river has fo many
windines, and fuch numerous ihoals, as
to be Icarcely navigable, tucept in the
fprine, on the melting of the fnows;
and flat-bottomed boats only, except in
the fame feafon, can pafs into the fea
of Afoph.
Don, a riTcr of Scotlandi which rifei
ih the w |)att of Aberdeenfliire, vfckWkk
the UHe-water at Inverary, pafles by
Kintore, «»nd enters the German ocean,
at Old Aberdeen.
Don, a river in Yorkfhire, which rifes
on the borders of Chcftiire, flows by
Peniftorie, SheflSeld, Rotherham, Don,
caller, and Thorn, and joins the Oufe
near jts termination in the Ki^mber.
Domghadee, a fniall feaport 6f fre*
land, in the 'county of Down, so mile$
wsw of Port Patrick, in Scotland, be-
tween which two places are regular
packet-boats. At* the entrance of the
harbour is a lighthoufe, which with
that at Port Patrick renders the paflage
convenient in the darkeft night. It is
IS miles E by n of BeMaft.
Doneuescningen, or Donesqhingent a
town of Suabia, in the principality of
Furftenbui]g. It 5 the chief refidence
of the prince ; in the court-yard of
whofe palace are fome fprings, collet-
ed in a referiroir about 30 feet fquare*
which has the honour of being called
the head of the I>anube. It is 13 miles
NNW of Schaffhaufen.
Donawerf, a ftrong town of Bataria
feated on the Danube, at the influx of
the Wernitz, 25 miles m by w of Augf-
bure.
Doncasfer, a town in W Yorkfliire*
governed by a mayor, with a market
on Saturday. It had a caftle, now in
ruins ; is Urge and well built, and has
a manufafture of ftockingg, waiftcoats,
and gloves. It is feated on the river
Don, 37 miles s of York, and ij8 n by
w of London. Lon. i xaw, lat. 53 33 n.
Doncherrtff a town of France, in the
department of Ardennes, feated on the
Meufe, three miles w of Sedan.
Donegal, a cOunty of "cland, in the
province of Ulfttr, eslniiles long and
44 broad; bounded on the w and n by
the ocean, e by Londonderry and Ty*
rone, and s by Fermanagh and the bay
of Donegal. It contains about 140,000
inhabitants, is divided into 4a pariflies*
and fends two members to parliament.
It is, in general, a champaign country*
has extenfve linen mnnufa^ures, and
abounds with harbours.
Donegal, a town of Ireland, capital
of a county of the fame name, feated
on the bay of Donegal, 10 miles K of
Ballyihannon, and 1 1 1 .nw of Dublin^
Lon. 7 47 w, lat. 54 42 n.
Doneraile, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Cork. Near it are quarries
of beautiful variegated marble. It is
fituate on the Awbeg, 19 miles NW of
Cork, and 113 sw of Dublin.
DongolOf or Dungala, a town of
O
DOR
Kubi^f capital of 9 province of the
fame nxmC' II contains ic>ooo houft-s
of wood, and is feated on the Ni'iCt
amonc mountains, 500 miles n by w of
Sennar. Lon. 3% 5 e, lat. 19 25 n.
Denjotit a town of France^ in the de-
}>artment of Allier> 24 miles se of Mou-
ins.
'Donnin^toHf a town in LincolnHiirey
with a market oh Saturday. Much
hemp is cultivated in the neighbour-
hood. It is eight miles wsw of Bofton,
and 106 N of London.
Dami/f a town of France, in the de-
partment of Nievre, a» miles n of Ne-
I'ers.
. Dooabf a fertile tradl of Hindooftan,
between the Ganges and Jumna, near
the approximation of thof^ two rivers-
The principal part of it is fubjcdt to the
fiabob of Oude.
Doon, a liver of Scotland, which iffues
from a lake of the fame name in Ayr-
fliire, and enters the frith of Clyde, two
miles s of Ayr.
Doran, a town of Arabia, in Yemen,
nn the (ide of a mountain, 28 miles s of
Sana.
Doratf a town of France, in the de-
partment of Upper Vienne, feated on
the Abran, near its jundtion with the
Sevre, 25 miles, n of Limoges.
DorchestfTy a borough and the ca-
pital of Dorfetfliire, governed by a
mayor, with a market on Wcdneulay
and Saturday. It was formerly much
larger, and the ruins of the walls are
ftill te be feen in fbme places. It has,
three churches; and a fine terrace-
wa%, planted with trees* abnoft I'ur-
rounds the town, which has no manu-
factures, but is famous for excellent
ale. A little to the s is a Roman am*
phitheatre, conftru^ed of chalk and
turf, fuppofed to be the moft perfeA in
the kingdom. One mile to the 9W is
'Maiden cattle, another work of the Ro>
mans; there are three rampjirts and
ditches, nearly oval, and the whole
. area is ri5 acres. Dorchefter is feated
en the river Frome, 53 miles e of Ex-
eter and 120 w by s of London. Lon.
a 26 w, lat. 50 43 ^- .
J)orchester, a^town in Oxfordfliire,
which was a ftation of the Romans,
and ruined in the wars with the Danes.
It was a biihop's fee, till 1086, when
William the conqueror tranllated it to
Lincoln; and it had five churches,
though now but one, which was the
cathedral. It is feated on the Tame,
JO miles SB of Oxford, and 49 wnw of
London.
JJorchesterf a town of Maflachufets,
DOR
in Noifolk county, with maiinfactures
of paper, chocolate, fnufF, leather, and
Ihoes. It is two miles a of BoRon.
Dordogne^.K department of Frarcp,
which includes the late province of Pe-
rigord. It receives its name from a
river, which rifes in the mountains of
Auvergne, and joins the Garonne, near
Bonrdeaux. 1 he capital is Ptrigueux.
Dorestro, See S^mtria.
Dorking, a town in Surry, with a
market on Thurfday, and a great trade
in lime, flour, and fine poultry. It ij
ftatcd near the river Mole, 1 1 mitw e
of Guilford, and 23 ssw of London.
Dcrn, a village in a detached part of
Worcefterfhire, thi-ee miles s e of Cam-
den in Gloucefterlhire. The Roman
foflway runs through it, and abundance
of coin, both Roman and Britifli, have
been found here.
Dorniurg, a town of Upper Saxony,
in the principality of Weimar, with a
caftlej fituate on a hiU, by the river
Saale, 14 miles e of Weimar.
Dornoc/if a borongh of Scotland, ca-
pital of Sutherlandfliire, at the entrance
of a frith of the fame name,, over which
it has a ferry to Tain. It is a iVnall
place, and half in ruins, but was for-
merly th« refidence of the blfliops ot
Caithnefs, and part of the cathedral is
kept up as the parifh church. It is 40
miles NE of Invernefs. Lon. j 48 w,
lat. 57 52 N.
Dorptt or Dorpttty 3 town of Ruflia,
in the government of Riga, with a uni-
verfity ; feated on the Ember, between
the lakes Wofero and Pepas, 60 miles s
of Narva. Lon. 3752 e, lat. 58 18 n.
Dorselshirr, ii jcounty of England, 50
miles long and 35 broad ; bounded on
the N by Somerfetlhire and Wiltfhire,
E by Hampihire, s by the Englifli chm-
nel, and w by Dcvonftiire and Somer-
fetfliire. It contains nearly 775,000
acres ; is divided iilto 34 hundreds, and
24ti pauflies ; and has 24 market-towns.
The'number of inhabitants in 1801 was
I'5»3:I9» and it fends 20 members to
parliament. The foil is generally rich
and fertile, though in fome parts very
fandy; the northern part, which is
divided by a range of chalk hills from
the fouthern, affords good pafturage for
cattle; while the fouthern part chicflif
confifts of fine downs, and feeds incredi-
ble numbt-rs of flieep. The chalk hills,
which run through every county from
the SE part of the kingdom thus far,
terminate at the further extremity of
this; but on the coaft, chalk cliffs ex-
tend beyond it into Devonftire, 10
miles w of Lyme, From the Ilamp-
DOU
ihire border to the mighboorhood of
Blandford a heathy common extends,
which caufes an exception to the ge-
neral charadler of fertilityr which this
county n. 'its ; but the rich vales to
the sw make ample amends. The prin-
cipal rivers arc the Stour and Frome-
Here is plenty of poultry of all forts,
fwans, woodcocks, pheafants,part ridges,
fieldfares, &c. The produdts are corn,
wool, hemp, fine ftone, ar,d Ibme mar-
ble- This county is diftinguifhed for
its woollen manufadlures, and its fine
ale and beer. Dorcheftcr is the capital.
See Portland and Purheck.
Dorstcn, a fortified town of Wcft-
phalia, in the county of Recklingha^i-
fen, feated on the Lippe, 15 mil s E by
KofWefel.
Dort, or Dofdrecht, a town of S Hol-
land, on an ifland formed by the Meufe,
which is here called the Merwe. It is
famous for a proteftant fynod held fn
16 1 8, which condemned the tenets of
Armenius. Here are feveral Lutheran
and Calvinift churches, a fine council-
houfe, an excellent academy, and the
mint of S Holland. It has a good har-
bour, and a great trade in corn, wine,
and timber; of the latter immenle rafts
are floated hither from Andcrnach, in
Germany. Its natural fituation is fuch,
that it has never been taken by an «int-
my; but it furreadered to the French
in r795. It is 10 tniles se of Rotter-
dam. Lon. 4 45 E, lat. ; I 5 1 N.
Dortmund, a ftrong town of Weft-
phalid, in the county of Marck. It was
lately imperial, and is feated on the
£ml\cr, 15 miles sw of Ham. Lon. 7
aS E, lat. 5 3 1 N.
Dotdom^z town of Holland, in Gel-
derland, with a foundery for bombs and
cannon-balls; feated on the YlTel, 10
miles SE of Doefburg.
Domrnenei, a town of France, in the
department of Finifterrc, feated on a
bay of the fame tiame, at the entrance
of the Englifli channel, eight miles nw
ofQuimper.
Douayy a city of France, capital of
the department of Nord, with a fine
arfenal, a foundery for cannon, a mili-
tary fchool,a citadel,-and three famous
colleges. It was taken by the duke of
Marlborough in 17 10, and retaken by
the French, in 171 z, after the fufpenfion
of arms. It is feated on the Scarpe,
whence there is a canal \o the Deule,
ij miles NW of Cambray. Lon 3 5 e,
lat' fo 22 a,
DohL's, a department of France, in-
cluding part of the late province of
Fr4n«he gQtnl^, It is fo named fton a
DOU
river which flows into the Saone, below
Verdun. Befan^on is the capital.
DffMf, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Mayenne and Lpire, with a
confiderable manufa<Jture of druggets
and tammies. Near it is a vaft Roman
amphitheatre, cut out of the folid rock.
It is nine miles sw of Saumur.
Dove, a river in Derbyfliire, which
rifes in the Peak, near Buxton, parts the
county fromStaffordfhire, and joins the
Trent; four miles below Burton.
Dover, a feaport in Kent, governed
by a mayor, with a market on Wednef-
day and Saturday- It is fituate be-
tween two high cliffs, and on that e
from the town is an ancieiit caftte, in
which there are barracks for 3090 men..
The town is alfo defended by feveral
batteries. It was once walled round,
and had 10 gates, but there now re-
main only three, and thofe much out of
repair ; alfo feven churches, which are
now reduced to two in the town and
one in the caftle. In 1801 the number
of inhabitants was 14,845. It was forr
merly deemed the key of the iflami, and
is the principal of the cinque^ ports. It
is the Itation of the packet-boats that,
in time of peace, pafs between Dover
and Calais, from which it is diftant only
21 miles. The harbour is made by a
gap in the cliffs, which are of a great
height i and hence, in fine weather, is 3
profpedl of the coalt of 'Franc*;.' Dover
is 15 miles se of Canterbury and 72 of
London. Lon. i iSe, lat. 51 8n.,
Dover, the capital of the ftate of De-
laware, in Kent county. The chief
trade is in corn and flour. It iknds utt
Jones creek, four miles from its mouth
in Dehiware bay, and 66 ssw of Phila-
delphia. Lon. 75 34 w, lat. 39 10 n.
Dover, a town of New Hamplhire,
chief of Strafford county, fituate on the
Cochees, four miles above its junftion
with the Pafcata, and 14 nw of Portf-
mouth.
Douero, or Douro, a river which rife«
in Spain, in the mountains of Urbion,
on the E borders of Old Cadiie, and
flows w through thai province and
Leon to the nb point of Portugal; it
then turns s, and having feparated Leoti
from Tra los Monies, again takes ;\ \9
courfe, croflfing Portugal to Oporto*
where it enters the Atlantic ocean.
Douglas, a town of Scotland, in La«
nerkfhire, on a river of the fame name,
which joins the Clyde, above Lanerk.
Here is Douglas cafllc, for ages the re-
fidence of thefecond family in Scotland.
A modem buildin|^ has been eredted
oa the fiune fUe, m imitation of the
' Qx
i-
DOW
ancient cillle. It is 37 miles w of
Edinburg.
Duuglasf a feaport of the ifle of Mans
nearly at the fame diftance from the
£ngli(h, Scotch, and Iriih fliores, u>ith
the beR haibour in the ifland. which
r^nd'^rt it the principal mart of trade.
A packet-boat fails hence weekly to
Whitehaven. The town rifes near the
s point of the bay in a triangular form,
and the relidence of the Englifh is
chiefly confined to this fpot. Near the
mouth of the harbour is an ancient fort.
Lon. 4 2(i w, lat. 54 5 N.
Douglan, Cape, a promontory, on the
"w coaft of America, the w point of the
entrance of Cook Inlet. Its fummtt
forms two very high mountains. Lon.
153 30 ^'.» lat. 58 56 N.
Doulaincourtf a town of France, in
the department of Upper Mame, 10
miles sw of Joinville.
Do^ulcns, a town of France, in the de-
!)artment of Somme, with two citadels;
eated on the Autie, 15 miles k of
Amiens.
Doune, a town of Scotl;ind, in Perth-
fhirc, with the ruin of a huge fquare
caftlc, whofe tower is yet full 80 feet in
height. Here is a manufacture of pif-
tols ; alfo an extenfive work called the
Adeipbi cotton-mill. It is fcated on
the Teith, eight miles nw of Stirling,
and 3» sw of Perth.
Dourdan, a town of France, in the
department of Seine and Oife, with a
manufacture of filk and v.'orftcd ftock-
ingi,; feated on the Orge, 25 miles sw
of Paris.
Dowlafalad, formerly called Amed-
nagur, a province of the Deccan of Hin-
dooftan ; bounded on the n by Candeilh
and Malway, w by the Gauts, s by Vi-
fiapour and Golconda, and £ by Be-
rar. Aurungabad is the capital.
Doiclatabad, a large fortrefs of Hin-
dooltan, which gives name to the pro-
vince. It is built on a rock, alm«ft per-
pendicular on every fide, and riling 429
feet above the plain. It is 10 miles nw
of Aurungabad.
Down, a county of Ireland, in the
province of Ulfter, 42 miles tbiig and
34 broad ; bounded on the e by the
Tri(h fea, why Armagh, nw by Antrim,
anoi s by Carlingtbrd bay and the ocean.
It h divided into^aparinies, fends four
members to parliament, and contains
about 204,^00 inhabitants. It is in ge*
neral fertue, has numerous bleach-
{reens, and in the rough parts many
orfes are bred. The chief rivers are
ttie Lagan atjid Newrv.
' Vownt or DoinH^dtrick, a borough
D R E
of Ireland, capital of the county of
Down, and a bifhop's fee united with
Connor. It is feated on the river New.
ry, feven miles w of Strangford bay, and
74 NE of Dublin. Lon. 5 42 w, iat.
54 29 N.
Downham, a town in Norfolk, with a
market on Saturday, feated on the fide
of a hill, by the river Oufe. Every
Monday is brought hither, to the river
fide, a prodigious quantity of butter,
which is fent up in boats to Cambridge,
and thence conveyed in wagons to Lon-
don, under the name of Cambridge
butter. It is ii miles s of Lynn, and
86 N by E of London.
DownwgCon, a town of Pennfylvania,
in C'lii.'fter county, on the e fide of Bran-
dy wine creek, 33 miles w by n of Phi-
ladelphia.
Downs, a famous road for (hipping,
on the E coaft of Kent, between the N
and S Foreland. See Godwin Saiuh.
Doirnton, a borough in Wiltfhire,
whicii has now no market, feated on
the Avon, fix miles se of Salifbury,
and 88 wsw of London.
Draiil-urg, a town of Germany, iis
Carinthia, on the river Drave, ij milts
It of Lavaniund.
Diuc/icnjels, a town of Germany, la
the late electorate of Cologne, with a
citadel, feven miles nnw of Lintz.
Dructit, a town of Maflachufets, in
Middlefex county, on the n bank of the
Merrimac, at Patucket-falls, 28 miles
sw of Exeter, and 30 nnw of Bofton.
Dradule, a town of Nubia, with a
harbour on the Red fea, and wells of
good water in the vicinity. It is 3!
miles NNW of Suakem.
Dragnmcslro, a town of European
Turkey, in Livadia, 44 miles wsw of
Lepanto.
Dragiiignatt, a town of France, in the
depaitinent of Var, 10 miles nw of
Frejus.
Dramf'UTg, a town of Bnuidenburg,
in the New mark, feated on the Drage,
»$ miles fc by n of New Stargard.
Dras. See Darah.
Drave, a river which rifes in Ger-
many, at Innichen in Tyrol, flows
through Carinthia andStiria, then along
the confines of Sclavonia and Lower
Hungary, paffing by ElTeck, and a little
after joins the Danube.
Dray font a town in Shropfliire, with
a market on Wednefday, feated on the
river Tern, 17 miles ne of Shrewfbury,
and 151 NW of London.
Drentelburg, a town of Germany, in
Lov?er Heffc, 18 ipiles njjjw of Caffel.
* Dretden^z city of Germany, and tb:
E
»f the county of
)*s fee united with
on the river New.
trangfordbay,and
L,on. 5 4% w, lat.
in Norfolk, v,'ith a
feated on the fide
ver Oufe. Every
ithcr, to the river
[uantity of butter,
sats to Cambridge,
in wagons to Lnn-
nc of Cambridge
es s of Lynn, and
n.
vn of Pcnnfylvania,
^the E fideofBran-
iles w by n of Phi-
! road for (hipping,
*nt, between the N
;e Godwin Sattds,
3ugh in Wiltfhire,
market, feated on
.>s sE of Saliibury,
idon.
vn of Germany, k
ver Drave, i? tnilet
»wn of Germany, in
of Cologne, with a
I NNW of Lintz.
of Maflachufets, in
an theN bank of the
icket-falls, a8 miles
JO NNW of Bofton.
1 of Nubia, with a
1 fea, and wells of
vicinity. It is 3*
em.
town of European
1, 44 miles wsw of
iwn of France, in the
r, 10 miles nw of
vn of Bnmdenburg,
feated on the Drage,
New Stargard.
which rifes in Ger-
n in Tyrol, flows
mdStiria, then along
ilavonia and Lower
Efleck, and a little
ube.
in Shroplhire, with
efday, feated on the
8 NEof Shrcwlbury,
don.
)wn of Germany, ui
ilesNijJWof Calfel.
f Germany, and the
capital of Saxony. It is divided by the
Elbe into the old and new town, which
are united by a grand bridge, and fur-
rounded by ftrong fortifications. It has
a caftle, an academy of painting and
fculpture, and a magnificent church for
the Roman catholics. The houfes are
built of freeftone, almoft all of the fame
height; and though the palaces are few,
it is deemed tht handfomeft city in
Germany. The palaces of Holland and
Japan are full of curiofities from that
country and China; and the piAure
gallery may claim precedence over every
individual gallery in Italy. The city
and fuburbs ,are eftimated to contain
50,000 inhabitants, near 5000 of whom
are catholicu, and there are about 800
Jews. • Here are manuladurcs of gold
and filver lace, jewellery, porcelain,
paper-hangings, and wind-inftruments
of mufic. Drefdcn was taken by the
kingofPruflia in 1745, but was foon
reltored; again taken by him in 1756,
hut retaken in 1759; and it was bom-
barded by him in 1760, for nine days,
when he was obliged to raife the fiege.
It is 80 miles nnw of Prague. Lon. i.:<
jo £, lat. 4 J 6 K.
Dreiix, ft town of France, in the de-
partment of Eh re and Loir, with acon-
fiderable manufadlure of cloth for the
army. It is feated on the river Blaife,
?<;,tbe foot of a mountain, 48 miles w
by sof Paris. Lon. 1 21 £, lat. 4^
44 »•
Driesen, a town of Brandenburg, m
the New mark, on the river Warta, ao
miles E of Landiberg.
Driffield, a town in E Yorkfhire,
with a market on Thurfday, and a con-
fiderable trade in corn, by a canal to the
river Hull. It is a8 miles e by n of
York, and 196 n of London.
Drinawara, a town of European Tur-
key, in Servia, on a fmall ifland formed
by the Drino, on the confines of Bofnia.
Drino, a river of European Turkey,
which haf its fource on the e frontiers
of Albania, and runs into the bay of
Drino, in the gulf of Venice.
Driito, a feaport of «>iEuropean Tur-
key, in Albania, on a bay of the fame
name, in the gulf of Venice, 80 miles
ESB of Idigufa. Lon. xo J9 e, lat. 42
Dristra. See Silintria.
Drogheda, a feaport and borough of
Ireland, chief town of the, county of
Lonth. It is a f.rong place, has an ex-
cellent harbour, and carries on an ex-
tenfive commerce, particularly in com
and ftrong flieeting- It is feated on the
Boyne, five miles w of the Irilh fea,
D RU
and 23 ^' of Dub\in. Lon. 6 zs, w, lat.
53 43 i^' . ,
Droitwtch, a borough in "Worcefter-
fhire, with a market on Friday. Here
are famous fait fprings, froin which ilt
made much fine white fait. It is feat*
ed on the Salwarp, feven miles knb
of Worcefler, and 116 wnw of Lon-
don.
Drome^ a department of France* in-
cluding part of the late- province of
Dauphiny. It is fo called from a river,
which crolFes it, and joins the Rhone '
below Valence, ||ie capital of the de-
piutment.
Dromore, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Down, and the fee of a bi-
fliop. The cathedral is fmall, but the
palace is handfome and C'')nvenient. It
is feated on the Laggan, ij miles sw o''
Belfall, and 17 e of Armagh. Lon. 6
8 E, lat. 54 »5 N.
Drotierof a town of Piedmont, at the
foot of the Alps, on the river Macta, 14
miles ssw of Saluzzo.
Dronfieldf a town in Derbylhire,
which had a market on Thurfday, but,
*^rom its vicinity to Cheflerfield and
Sheffield, is now difufed. *■• Two miles
from it are the ruins of Beauchief ab-
bey. It is fix miles n of Cheflerfield,
and 156 NNW of London.
Drontheim, a cita^f Norway, capital
of a government ortlie fame name, and
a biihop's fee, wit)|v, a good harbour.
It was the relidence of the ancient kings
of Norway. Of the cathedral the.cboir
alone remains. The inhabitants, eftimat-
ed at 8000, have fome commerce in
wood, fifh, tallow, and copper. It is
almoft furrdundcd by the fea and the
river Fiddet; and is 270 miles nw of
Bergen. Lon. 10 i» e, lat. 63 %6 n.
• Drosendorf, a town of Auftria, with
an ancient caftle, feated on the Teya,
10 miles N of Horn.
Drossen, a town of Brandenburg, in
the Ne\7 mark, 14 miles se of Cuftrin.
Drumbote, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Monaghan, eight miles w of
Dundalk.
Druscnheimf a town of France, in the
department of Lower Rhine, feated on
the Motter, near the Rhine, Qve miles
SE of Haguenau.
Druses, a people of Syria, on the
mountains of Libanus and Antilibanus,
and to the e as far as Balbec. Their
language is the Arabic; and they
appear to have Uttle religion of any
kmd,'but pniy indiflferentW in Chriftian
churches or Turkifh mofques. They
are warlike, inured to labour, are great
enemies of the Turks, and have their
I1
T
DUB
particular princes, called Emirs. BaU
rout is their capital.
Dublin, a county of Ireland, in the
province of Leinfter, »y mWen long and
17 broad; bounded on the e by the
Jrilh ff a, n by E Mcath, w by the fame
and Kildare, and s b^ Wicklovv- It is
dividod into 107 panflies, has one ci^y
and four market-towns, fends five men-
bers to parliament, and contains about
<io>t,ooo inhabitants. The country is in
general flat, except toward the s, where
It i3 hilly and rocky. The. principal
fiver is tiie Liffey. •
Dubli'i, the metropolis of Ireland, in
* cotinty of the fame name, and an
archblfhop's fee, with a univcrfity. Its
form is that of a fquare, two miles vid
a half in extent on each fide, and it
contains about 2a,ooo houfes, whofe in<
habitnnts are edimated at t ; e,ooo, Its
flreets have been lately improved in re-
gard both to convenience and cmbel-
lifhment; and there are feveral magni*
ficent fquares, the lar^eft of v/hich is
St. Stephen-green, nearly 3 mile m
circuit. -It has a cathedral and a colle-
giate church, 18 parilh-cAurches, eight
chapels, 16 Roman catholic chapc^s,
pumcrous meetin^-houfes ror diflenters
of various dendmmations, four foreign
churches, and a fynagogue. Among
the principal public buildings are the
caftlc (the refidenoe of the viceroy) the
national bank. Trinity college, the hail
of juftice* the royal exchange, the cuf^
tomhoufe, the royal hofpitalof Kilmain-
ham for invalids, the linen hall, the bar-
racks, the tollfell, or townhoufe, and
Effex-bridge and Sarahbrid^v, two of
the fix bridges over the LifFey. The
•hofpHtals and other charitable ioftitur
tions are numerous; and it has two
theatres. The Phenix park, at the w
end of the town, is a royal inclofure,
feven miles in circuit; and, befidc the
Hibernian fchool, is adorned with the
villa of the viceroy, the feat of the prin-
cipal fecrctary, and a few others; alfo
a falute battery of as pieces of cannon,
and the ammunition magazine, a (trong
^fortification. An obfervatory I3 erected
on a rocky hill, about four miles nw of
the city. The civil government of Dubr
lln is executed by a lord mayor, record-
er, two (herifFs, 24 aldermen, and a
common council, formed of reprefenta-
tives from the ij corporations.' IJefide
the filk, woollen, and cotton manufac-
tures carried on in .the fuburbs, other
branches of ufeful manufadturc are efta-
biiAiing in difttrent parts of the metro-
polis; and its foreign trade is confider-
abljE;. The harbour is incommoded by
D UK
two banks of find, which prevent vff.
fels ir? Urge burden from gouig over ths
bar: it has a mole nearly four miles ii^
lengthy, with a lighthoufe nt tl]€ extre.
mity, and another on the promontory
oppofite, called the hill of Hdwth.
1 hree miles below the cit^, at a place
called the Pigeon houfe, is a commo-
dious dock ; and here the packets receive
and land their pafiengers. The Liffey
divides the city almoft into two equal
parts, and has fpacious and noble qu^^yi
on both fides. A grand can^l has betn
mad^ from the Liffey, which communi-
cates with the Shannon near Clonfert,
Dublin is feated at the end of a fpacinut
bay, feven miles from the Irifli fea, 60
w of Holyhead, in Wales, and 300
WNW of London. Lon. 6 j8 w, iai.
53 SI N.
Duck Creelf a town of the ftatc of
Delaware, which carries on a confider-
able trade with Philadelphia. ](t is d
miles NW of Pover.
Ditderstqdl, A town of Lower Sax-
ony, in the territory of Eichfeld. It
ba& a trade in beer and tobacco, and ia
feated on the Whjpper, j8 miles b of
Gottingen.
Dudley, a town in a detached part of
Worcefterfliirc, fiirrounded by StafibrJ-
ftiire, with a marketon Satqfday. It haj
confiderable manufaflures of nails and
hardware ; aiid in the vicinity areexten.
five coal mines. There is achunch at eacli
end of the long^ ftreet; and the vcne-
rable remnants oiF its cattle are worthy
oF notice. In 1801 the number of inha-
bitants was 10,107. it is 10 miles w
by N of Birminghani, and 126 nw c^
Londoti.
Jhieriiu Sec Duren,
Duero. Sec Douero'.
Due/stede, a fortified town pf Hoi-
hnd, in Utrecht, feated on the Lock,
where it branches pff from the Rhine,
I » mjles 8 E of Utrecht-
Duma. See Dwind
Duke 0/ York 'Island, an ifland in the
Pacific ocean, dilcovcred by commo-
dore Byron in 1765, lying .v of the
Friendly i(lands. Lon. 17230 w, lat.
7568.
t}uk( of York Island, an ifland in the
Pacific, ocean, lying between New Bri-
tain and lliTew Ireland, fo nnmed bj^
captain part»ret, in 1767. The n.itivcs
go entirely naked ; are ftout, well made,
and of a light copper colour : th^ir h.iir
is woolly, but they drcfs it with preafe
and powder, and make it hang ftraight.
Their huts are made chiefly of bamboo,
and placed under the fhade of cocoas
ifiit ti'ces* with a fence before them.
A
UK
d, which prevent vff.
!n from going over th«
: nearly four miles in
ihthouie at tlje extre.
r on the promontory
the hilt of Huwth.
w the cit^jr* at a placti
\ houfe, is a commo-
Isre the packets receive
tflengerg. The L'ffey
Imoft into two equal
icious and noble qu^yi
I grand can^l has lieen
iffey* which cnmmuni-
hannon near Clonfert,
tt the end of a fpacioui
from the IrUh Tea, 60
, in Wales, and 300
I. I^on. 6 )8 w, iat.
a town of the ftate of
I carries on a confider-
^hiUdclpbia. |t is n
ver.
town of Lower Sax*
itory of Eichfeld. It
er and tobacco, and is
/hipper, f8 miles b of
ra in a detached part of
riirrounded by Stafford.
•keton Satqfday. It liat
hufadlures of nails and
h the vicinity areexttn.
rhere is a chuvch at eacli
It ftreet; and the vcne*
tif its callle are worthy
loi the nuinber of inha-
37. It is 10 miles w
;ham» and 126 nw <4
JOuren,
"iouero'.
fortified town pf Hoi-
, feated on the Leek,
IS pfT from the Rliine^
trecht.
'iwind
island, an ifland in tk
ilcpvered by comrac-
1765, lying N of the
Lon. 17230 w, Iat.
Island, an iiland in the
'ing between New Bri-
Ireland, lb nnmed by
in 1767. Then.itives
;arellowt, wcllmadei
pper colour : tbfir h.iir
luy drefs it with preafe
make it hang ftraight.
adc chiefly of bamboo,
r the fhade ol coco*'
fence before them.
^
D U M
within which the plantain, banana,
am, fugar-cane, &c. are cultivated,
.'he ifland produces, befide the plants
above-mentioned, betlc-nuts, mangos,
bread-fruit, and guavas. Here are alfo
dogs, hogs, poultry, and fomc fpiccs.
The nutmeg was feeo by captain Hun-
ter, who ancli6rcd in Port Hunter bay,
in this ifland, in 1791. Lon. 151 ao e,
1st. 4 7 s.
i)ulat, a village of Wales, in the ifle
of Anglefey, 10 miles nw of Beaumaris.
It ftands on the Irilh fea, at the mouth
of a river of the fame name ; and is
much frequented on account of the corn
;jid butter trade, and for fern-aihes and
kelp.
JDukigm, a town of European Tur-
key, in Albania, on the gulf of Venice,
with a good harbour, 15 miles sw of
Scutari. Lon. 18 56 R, Iat. 42 23 n.
Dttkek, a borough of Ireland, in the
county of Meath, formerly the fee of a
biihop, bot now a mean place, ao miles
N by w of Dublin.
Dulnifn, a town of VVeftphalia, in
the principality of Muafter, 14 miles
iiW of Munfter.
Diilvi'ilon, a town in Somerfetihire,
M'Uh A market on Saturday, and manu-
fadures of coarfe woollen cloths and
blankets. It is feated near the £x, 20
miles ^ of Minehead, and *6j w by s of
London.
Dulirjch, a village in Surry, five
niilcs ii uf London. It is famous for a
college, founded by Edward Aileyn, a
comedian, called The College of God's
Gift.
Diimaringy a town of the ifland of
Borneo, on the B codft. Lon. a 17 30
£, lilt, z 10 N.
Dumbarto)!, a borough of 5cotlaRd«
capital of Dunrbartonihire, feated on
the Leven, near its qonflux with the
Clyde. The principal manu£a(fturc is
glafs; but nuny hands ai^ employed in
the print-fields on the banks of the Le
vcn. The caftle ftands a^ the junction
of the two rivers, on a vaft rock,
with two tops of «ne<]tial bright,
ite<«p OB every fide. It is 15 miles
WNW of Glalgow, Lon. 4 38 w, Iat,
55 59 N.
Dumbartonilure^ ruvciently called
Lennox, a county of Scotland ; bounds
«d on the n by Perthfliire, ne and e by
Stirlingfliire, s by the counties of La-
wr\ and Renfrew, and w by Argyle-
fliire. Its greateil length is 50 miles;
its breadth not above la. It is divided
intj9 II pafiflies, and in tSoi contained
30,719 inhabitants. The w part of thi3
county abounds with great muralTes;
DUN
but near the rivers it is fertile in Com^ ;
See Lomond, Loch. 1
Dumhlane, a town of Scotland, in-
Perthfliire, formerly the fee of a bilbep.
Part of the cathedral now ferves for a -
parifli church. Near this place was
fought the battle of Sheriff- muir, be«
tween the duke of Argyle and the re*
bel earl of Mar, in 1715. luis feated
on the Allan, fix miles N of Stifling,
and »8 sw of Perth.
Dumboof a town of NegroUnd. in
Bornou, a little to the w of a fait lake of
the fame name, .170 miles nn w of Bor-
nou. Lon. 21 50 E, Iat 22 » N.
Dumfries, a town of Virginia, chief
of Prince William county. It is fituate '
on the N fide of Qnantito creek, four
miles above its entrance into the ¥oU>- '
mac, and apsw of Alexandria. Lon;
77 JO w, Iat. 3830 N, -
Dumfries, a borough of Scotland, .
capital of Dumfriesfliire, feated on the
river Nith, eight miles from its mouth '
in Solway frith. It is a regular well-
built town; and in 1801 the number of
inhabitants was 7188. Here is no con-
fiderable trad^, nor manufa(5lure, though
aknoft every brandi of commercial and
mechanical induftry is pradlifed. The
antufements of the town, and its healthy
fituation, allure many of the gcntry-
from the neighbouring counties. It is
3P miles wnw of Carlifle, and 75 s by W
of Edinburg. Lon. 3 29 w, Iat. 55 9 n. "
Dumfriesahin-f a county of Scotland,
50 miles long and a6 broad; bounded
oa the N by the fliires of Lanerk and
Peebles, k by thofe of Selkirk and Rox-
bargh, s by Solway frith, and w by the '
counties of Kirkcudbright and Ayr. It
is divided into 4a pariflies, and the num-
ber of inliabitants in i&oi was 54,547.
It^ontains a larg«morafs, called Locher
Mofs ; and the principal rivers are the
EHc. Annan, and Nith. A great part
of the county is mountainous and
heathy, but the 'valleys are extremely
fei-tile. It has abundance of fret-done
and limeftone, and rich mines of lead
and coal.
Dun, a town of France, in the depart-
ment oi Meufe, on the river Meufe, {5
miles NNW of Verdun.
Dun le Hoi, a town of France, in the
department of Cher, on the river Auron,
IS miles s of Bourges.
Dunamond, a town of RiiiTii, in r.he
government of Riga. It formerly be-
longed to the duchy of Couriand, but
was taken by the Swedes in thejr wars
with the Poles. In 1700 it was taken
by tke Poles, and retaken the next year,
by Charles xii. In 17 to, it was taken
-r
D U K DUN
}yf Peter the great. It is (ttuate at the ed mBo inhabitanta. It is 15 miles nw
mouth of the Dwjna. 15 miles nw of of Edinburg. Lon. 3 20 w,' lat. j6
Riga, and 20 N of Mittau. Lon. 23 41 5 n.
S, lat. j^jN. <j* Dungala. Ste Dongoh.
JDunbar, a borough of Scotland* in / Dungannon^ a borough of Ireland,
Haddingtonilnre, feated bn a bay of the capital of the county of Tyrone. In the
X-
German ocean. It has a fmall harbour,
of difficult acqefs, defended by a bat-
tery ; alfo a dry dock and a rope-work ;
but the principal trade is the exporta-
tion of corn. Here was andently a
eaftle* now in ruins, which ftood on a
rock, and wa« deemed impregnable.
Under the rock are two natural arches,
through which the tide flows; and be-
tween the harbour and the eaftle is a
ftratom of vaft bafaltic columns. Dun.
bar it remarkable for the defeat of John
Baliol by earl Warrenne, in 1096 ; and
for a victory gained by Cromwell ovir
the Scots, in i6jo. It is 27 miles k of
\
vicinity are feveral coal mines. It is
feated on a hill, 14 niiles nnw of Ar*
magh. Lon. 7 i« w, lat. 54 30 ».
IhmgarvoHt a leapoit and borough of
Ireland, in the county of Waterford,
feitcd onDungarvon bay, la miles sw
of Waterford. Lon. 7 58 w, lat. 51
Dungenest, a cape on the s coaft cf
Kent, on which Is a fort and a light.
houfe, eight miles s by w of New Rom-
ney. Lon. o 50 e, lat. 50 5211.
Dungshay Heddt a promontory of
Scotland, in the county of Caithnefs,
which is the N£ extremity of Great
•"— www — , mmm . «^w- — w — w, . — . --— -- g w. . ^»«
£dinburg. Lon. 228 w, lat. 56 o v. "-^ Britain. About 3 mile from it is the
Xyuncannon^ a fortrefs and town of
Ireland, in the county of Wexford, on
(lie river Rofs, fix miles e of Watecford.
Jhindalk, a fcaport and borougii of
Ireland, in the cuimty of Louth. It
bas manufadures of Imen land muilin,
and ftanda on a bay of the fame name,
ruin of John o' Groat's Houfe, famous
for its local (ityation at the northern
comer of the kingdom. On the highclt
part of the head, near the edge of the
precipice, is the foundation of a
building fuppofed to have been a watch-
tower. Lonw 2 50 w, lat. 58 45 n.
somiles NNWofDroghcda. Lon. 6 17 Jr Dunfceld, a town of Scotland, in \\
W, lat. 54 iz v. *Perthlhire, fituate amid vaft rocks,
Dundee^ a borough of Scotland, in ^ partly naked, and partly wooded.
Angusihire, with an excellent harbour,
Tbe pew church, the townhoufe, and
the trades-hall are elegant ftrudtures.
The lofty tower, in the middle of the
town, is part of a magnificent confe-
crated edifice, built in the 12th cen-
tury. Moft of the ftreets are neat, and
the houfes well built; but the new
itreets'are fpacious and elegant. In
1 80 1 the number of inhabitants was
36,084. Here are pianufa£>'"'^8of glafs,
eoarfe linen, canvas, cr< „.;, thread,
buckram, tanned leather, Ihoes, and
hats ; and alfo'a fugar-houfe. It is feated
on the frith of Tay, 14. miles nw of St. ,
Andrew. I.on. 3 2 w, lat. 56 28 n. /
Hundonaldf a village of Scotland, in
Ayrlhire, two miles s of Irvine. It has
an extenfive cotton manufadturc, and
near it is the royal cattle of Dundonald.
Dunfermline, a borough of Scotland,
in Fifefhire, witii a good trader and a
confidierabie manufa(51ure oflinen goods,
particularly diapers. IItc is part of a
royal palace, in vfhich Chnries < was
bom, and the princefs Elifabeth, wife to
George i. Adjoining to this was a
niagnificent abbey, pa^t of the remains
of which now ferve for a parilh church.
In. this abbey were buried Malcolm and
his queen, and feven other Scottiih mo-
narcbs. J>uafermline in 1801 contaiiir
through which flows the river Tay. Its
romantic fituation, and the benefit of
drinking goats whey, render this place
the refoJt of much genteel company in
fummer. It is the market-town of the
Highlands on that fide, and carries on a
manufadlure of linen and yarn. The
duke of Athol has a fine feat here,
ikreened by the Grampian mountain;; ; *
and near it are the ruins of a cathedral,
part of which is now the parifh church.^
Dunkeld is 12 miles nw of Perth. ^T^
Dunkirky a feaport of France, in the
department of Nord. It was taken
from the Spaniards by the Englifh and
French in 1658. .and put into the hands
oi the Englifh, but fold to the French
by Charles 11, in i66». Lewis xiv
made it one of the beft fortified ports
in the ingf'om ; but all the works
were Ol> loliihcd, and the bafins filled
up, in confequence of the treaty of
Utrecht, 101713. The French afterward
returned the works ; but they were or-
dered to be demolifhed by the peace of
1763. They continued thus till the
peace of 1783, when the works were
again refumed; and the next vear it
was declared a free port. The Htiglilh
attempted to befiege this plac^ in 1793^
but were obliged to retire. Dunkirk is
4ivided into the old and new town;
DUN ^&*^^^^^..
tnA the inhabitants.eftimated at 80,000, bey, wh
had a great deal of commerce. By
means of a Huice, 4a feet wide, the ba-
fin within the town will hold 40 (hipt
of the line always floating. It it a a
t
miles sw of Oftend. Lon. a 23 b, tat.
Dunleer, a borough of Ireland, in the
county of Louth, feven miles n of
Drogheda. .
Dunmou), a corporate town m Eflex,
with a market on Saturday, and a ma-
nufacJture of bays. It is feated on a
bill, 13 raiics nnw of Chelmaford, and
38 NE of London.
Dttnmoiv, Little^ a village two miles
from Dunmow. It had once a monaf-
tery, and part of the pr'ory now forms
the parifh church. This place is fa-
mous for the tenure of its manor ;
namely, that whatever married couple
vill go to the priory, and fwear they
have not repented of their marriage,
within a year and a day after it took
place, fliall receive a flitch of bacon.
Dunnet Head, an cntenfive promon-
tory of Scotland, in the county of
Caithncfs. Its n extremity, in the
Pentland frith, is the moft northern
point of Great Britain. Lon. 3 9 w,
lat. 58 35 N.
Dtmtwse, a cape in tbe Enghfh chan-
nel, on the sE fide of the ifle of Wight.
Lon. 1 i6 w, lat. 50 34 n. v\ c
Ditnse, a town of Scotland, the largeft^
in Berwickfliire. Here is a woollen '
manufadure, and a celebrated mineral
well, fimilar to that of Tunbrid^e in
England. It is Gtuate under a hill, near
the river Whiteadder, 14 miles w of
Berwick, and 40 esb of Edinburg
Lon. 8 18 w, lat. 55 47 n.
Duns/abtcy a town in Bedfordflii
with a market on Wednefday. It is of
great antiquity, having been ruined by
the Danes, and reftored by Henry i,
who made it a borought but no mem-
bers were ever fent to parliament. The
church is the remainder of a priory, a»d
oppofite to it is a farm-houfe, once a
royal palace. Dunftable has four ftreets,
in the diredion of the four cardinal
points ; and is famous for elegant hats,
bafkets, &c. m^de of ftraw. It is feat-
fd on a chalky hill, 17 miles s of Bed-
ford, and a^ Nw of London.
Dunstaffnage, a caftle of Scotland, in
Argyleftiire, one of the firft feats of the
Piitifti and Scottifli monarchs. Here
was long preferved the famous ftone,
ufed as the coronation feat of the
Scottish monarchs, which was removed
to Scone by Kenneth 11, and thence by
Edward i, in 12961 to Weftminfter ab-
D U R
it now rem.iins as an appen-
dage to the coronation chair. Some of
the ancient regalia ftill continue in the
caille ; and near it is a fmall rooflefs qha-
pel, ofelegant architecture, where fe-
veral of the kings of Scotland are faid
to be interred. It ftaiids on a promon-
tory, almoft iofulated, at the entrauce
of Loch Etivc, 34 miles nw of Inve-
rary.
DumteTy a town in Somerurtlhire,
with a market on Friday. It has ^
call le, on a fteep knoll ; and at one cor-
ner '../ the terrace is an ancient turret,
fuppofed to be part of the original caf-
tle, built in the time of WilTiam i. A.
priory ftood on the nw Ide of the caftfe,'
part of which nov^- 05 for the pa-
rlfli-church. It ft on the edge of a
vale, near the Pritlol channel, ao miles
NW of Taunton, and 161 w of London.
Dunwich, a borough in Suffolk, which
has now no mark,qt, nor place of public
worlhip. It was formerly a bifhop's
fee, and had many churches, which
have been fwalluwed up by the fea.
The remains of two churches and apa>
lace are the only marks left of its for-
mer greatnefs. It is I'eated at the top
of a loofe cliflF, 24 miles s of Yarmouth,
and ICO N- of London.
Diiquella, a province of Morocco,
about 80 miles long and 60 broad, ex-
ceedingly ifertile In corn and paflure.
Durance, a river of France* which is
formed near Brian(;on, of the rivulets
Dure and A nee, and flows by Embrun,
Tallard. Sifleron, Monofque, Cavaillon,
and Avignon, into the Rhone.
Duraugo, a town of Spain, in Bifcay,
i^.j 14 miles SE of Bilboa.
1,^/ DurangOf an epifcopal town of New
ii€r*Bifcay, in the province of Zacatecas,
with good falt-works, in a fertile coun*
try^ 380 miles NW of Mexico. Lon.
104 40 w, lat. 24 10 N.
Durazzoy a town of European Tur-
key, capital of Albania, and a Greek
archbifliop's fee. It has a rained for-
trefs, and a gdod harbour on the gnlf b£
Venice, 50 miles n of Valona. Lon. 19^
36 K, lat 41 25 K.
Ditrhiugn, a tovm of Hindooftan, in,
Bahar, near the fivev Gogary, jo miles
KE of Patna.
Durhuy, a town of the Netherlands,
in Luxemburg, feated on the Ourthe, 20
miles s by w of Liege.
Dureti, a fortified town of France, i^
the department of Roer, lately of Ger-
many, in the duchy of Juliers; feated
on the river Roer, 12 miles s of Jnliers.
Durham, a county of England, 47
miles long and .37 broad} bounded on.
D U R
^e N "by Northumberland, b liy the
Ccrman ocean, s and sw by York(hire»
and w by Wcftmorland and Cumber-
hnd. It is ul'ually calked the Bifhopric
of Dnfliam, from the fovereign power
i!»rmerly poiroflcd by the bilbopa, who
7et cpjoy great privileges. It contains
6 10,000 rfores ; and is divided into four
-waixls, and 11,3 pariftieci, which include
one city and nine market-towns. Bo-
Adethefe ts a detached part, (ituate n of
Nurthumbcrland and including Holy
IRand, whidi is divided into two dl-
ftudts, called Norhamihire and liland*
ihirt. The number of inhabitants in
1801 was i^.j59>i and it fends four
members to pArluimcnt. The foil is
very various ; the w fvde being mouiv-
tiinous and barren, wiiile the k an.d «
conHft of beautifuhnc^dows. woods, and
corn- fields. Heneai^e rich mines of coal,
k'ad, and iron, and quarries of marble*
(late, niiMone, fircftone, ^rinddone.
limeftrme, and freeftone. The prin-
cipal rivers are th'C Wear, Tees, Tyae*
and Derwent.
Durban, a city and the capital of the
county of Durham, and a bifhop's fee,
tvith a market on Saturday. It is com-
paiitlv built on a bill, on a bend of
the Wear, over which are three ftone
bndges, and fiuToiinded by the remains
of its wall The cathedral, which is a
large and magriificent edifice, and the
caltlt,now the billiop's palace, ftand on
the higheft part of the hill ; in the for-
mtr are depofited the remains of St.
Culhbert and the venerable Bede. Tlie
city is governed by a mayor, and con-
tains Hit pariih churches. It has a ma-
irufaiihire of ItufTs and carpets, and
around it afe grown large quantities pf
the bcil muilard. In 1801 the nnmber
«)f inhabitants was 7330. In a deep
v-ile near the river are the ruins of
Finchall abbey'; and on|the w of the
city is Novil Crofs, €re(fted in memory
of the vitftory obtained by queen Phi-
lippa, in i; 48, over David Bruce, king
of Scotland, who was taken prifoner.
Durham is 14 miles s of Newcaftle, and
-59 N by w of London. Lon. 1 15 w,
lat. 54 44 N.
Vurfiam, a town of New Hampfhlre,
in Strafford county. Near it is a rock,
computed to weigh 60 tons, fo exadlly
po'.IWl on another rock as to be eafily
mi ved with a finger. It is fituate
on Oyftir river, near its jundion with
the Pafcat aqua, 16 miles w of Portf-
mouth.
Durhlirim, a town of France, in the
dep.irtncnt of Mont Tonnerrc, lately
of Germany, in the palatinate of the
D W I
Rhine ; feated on the river Ilardt, 17
miles sw of Worms.
Durkheimt of 'J'utkheim, a town of
France, in the department of Upper
Rhine, where the Frendi gained a vic>
tory over the Auftrians in 1C7J;. It it
four miles k.w of Colmar.
. Durliich, a town of Suabia, capital of
Baden-Dui-lach, with a caftle. Here are
manufadtujres of porcelain, cloth, and
AufTs. It is feated on the Gieftcn, 15
miles MVE of Uaden. ^un. 8 3^ e., lat.
48 58 N.
Ditrslcy, a corporate town « GIou*
ccfterlhirc, with a market on l^hurfday,
and a coniideraUe traffic in broad clotJb,
and card» feu* clothiers. Here are the
remains of a caftle. It is feated near
the Severn, 1.3 miles sw of Gluuceller,
and 107 w of London.
Durlalf a town of France, in the de-
partment of Mayenne and Loire. The
chief trade is tanniug. It is 16 miles
N£ of Angers.
Dmky Bay, a bay on the sw coaft
of Mew Zealand, in the Pacific ocean.
The country here Is fteep, and the hills
near the feafide are coveted with intri-
cate and impenetr.ible forells. Abund-
ance of excellent refrelluuents are found
here; and it contains fcveral coves and
harbours. Lon. 166 18 K,lat. 4^ 47 s.
DiissettJor/., a llrong city of Wcft-
phaiia, capital of the duchy of Berg,
Contiguous to the palace is a celebrated
gallery of paintings, Dufltldorf was
taken by the French in- 1795, It is
feated on the riv<-r Duffel, near the
lihin^, 25 mile.s s Wcfel. Lon. 6 40 1:,
lat. 51 li V.
Duxioroiifrhy a town of Maflachufcts,
in Plymouth county, with a harbour
for fmall vcflels, and a lighthoufe at the
s extremity of the beach. It is fituate
s by E of Plymouth, three miles acrofs
Plymouth bay.
JJiiyitnrfi, a fortified town of WelU
phaPu, in tbe duchy of ('levc, with a
Calvinifl; ijoiverfity. It has a confiderr
able trade with Holland, and is feated
on the Hoer, near the Khi^e, i z miles s
by EofWcfel.
jyttytT, a town of Wcftphalia, in the
duchy of Berg, with a Benedidine ab*
bey. ft is inhabited chiefly by Jews,
and feated on the Rhine, oppofitc Cp-
logne,
Dftyveland, one of the ifl^nds of
Zealand, in Holland, e of Sphowen,
from which it is feparated by a narrow
channel.
Dioiita, a river of RuflGa, which runs
from s to N into the White fea> ^t Arch^
angel.
river Hardt, \)
E AS
pu'JBfl, a river of l-ithuanla, whkh A\-
Slid Livoni.i from Courland, and runs
into the Baltic, below Riga.
Dj/li't a new department of France,
including ihc fouthem ^art of Bribant.
It hai itH name from a river which rifts
on its s bonier, Hows n through the
middle of the country, and joins the
Scheldt a littla above Uupclmonde.
The capital is UrulU;l8.
Diinapour. a town and Tort of Hin-
dooftan, in mhar, near which in a di.i-
mond mine. It is ftated on the Ganges,
10 miles w of Patna.
Dif'art, a borough of Scotland, in
Fif*;rt»irc, with a good harbour. It has
a conliderable trade in coal, a fait -work,
a manufacture of checks, and fome em-
ploy in building fhips. In iSoi, the
number nf inhabitants was 5385. It is
feated on the frith of Forth, 16 miles >J
by E of Etlinburg, and ao sw of St.
Andrew. Lon. 3 ? w, bt. 56 8 n.
E,
Tlaglcshantf a villajce of Scotland, in
Kenfrewfliire, nine miles sw of Ghf-
^ow. It has bleaching grounds, and a
conliderable cotton manut'acSiire.
Eaoowc, one of the Friendly iflands,
in the Pacific ocean, difcovcred by Taf
man, in 1643, and by him named Mid-
dleburg. The land gently rifes to a
conliderable height, prefenting a bi:au-
tiful profpedt of cxteniive meadowH,
adorned with tufts of trees, and inter-
mixed with plantations. Lun. 174 39
w, lat. SI 24 s.
Earhlu^y a town of Scotland, in Bcr-
wicklhire. Near it, on a rocky bank,
ftands Cowdenknows, an old building,
now fomewhat modernized ; and uti
the adjacent knolls may be feen the re-
mains of its broonif fo renowned in
Scott.ilb ditty. Earlfton is fcatcd on
the rjvef JUader, 35 miles se qf Edin-
jbur^.
Lam. See Brne,
E«sHaley a fmall ifland of Scotland,
near the coaft of Argylelhirc, to the sk
of Mull, cplebrated for its Hate quarries,
Eushif^wnldf a town in N York-
Ihire, witl> a ii^arket on Friday, apd a
great trade in bacon and butter. It is
13 miles NNw of York, apd ao8 n by
w of London.
Eaat Cape, the moft eaftern extremity
of Afia, on tlie w fide of Bcering ftrait,
nearly oppofite Prince of Wales cape
on the continent of America. Lqn. 9a
ao E, Ltt. 59 17 N.
^ BE
TSait Loot. See Loot, East ; nnd fo
with other places that have the fame
name of pofition.
Easthoiirn, a town in SuITex* noted
for plenty of the birds called whcatears,
and as a pUce of rcfort for bathii^.
Near it is a chalybeate fpring. In 1707
a telTfllated pavement and a Romaa
bath were difcovered here. It is feated
near the Englifh channel, 1 j miles esb
of Lewes, and 61 ssb of London.
Eattcr Island, an ifle in the Pacific
ocean, 1 2 leagues in circuit. It has a
hilly and ftony furface, is naturallf
barren, and affords neither fafe anchor-
age, frelh water, nor wood for fuel.
Rats are the only quadrupeds, and there
are but few birds. The natives are in-
duflrious, and plant paper-mulberriei
and ban tuas, with regular fields of po-
tatoes and yams. This ifland w.is feen
by Davis in 1686; it was vifited by
Roggewin in 17:3, and by Cook in
177^. Lon. 109 47 w, lat. 27 6 s.
Juisthampiuii, a town of New York,
in Suffolk county, on the se coaft of
Long Idand. It is a half (hire-town ;
and in it is Clinton academy. It is 2 a
miles jENE of Southampton.
Eauton, a town of Pennfylvania, ca-
pital of Northampton county, feated at
the conflux of the Leigh with the De-
laware, 50 miles N by w of Philadelphia.
Lon. 75 27 w, lat. 40 41 n.
Eauton, a town of Marybnd, capi>
tal of Talbot county, leated m-ar the
forks of the Treadhaven, 14 miles N»wr
of Vienna, and 30 s ot" (."hefter.
E'aston, a town of MaCTachufcts, in
Briflol county, with manufadlures of
iron and fteel, 10 miles nnw of Tayn-
ton, and 26 s of Bodon.
Eastouncis, a cape of England, the
moft eafterly one on the c )a(l of Suffolky
and the n point of Southwold bay.
Eatise, a town of France, in the de-
partment ol Gers, 17 miles sw of Con-
dom.
Ebeltoft, a town of Denmark, in
Jutland, with a good harbour, on a bay
of the Categat, i6 'njles nf, of Aaihus.
Eirne-.er, a town of th ftate of
Georgia, capital of Effingham county,
tituate on the Sav^mna, i$ miles svw
pf Savanna. L >n 81 10 w, lat. 3%
ij N.
EhenfuTth, a town of Auflria, on the
Leyta, 22 miles s of Vienna.
Ebnbacli, a town of (^^firmany, in the
circle of Lower Rhine, with a Ciftercian
abbey; feated on ; he Ncckcr, 11 miles
K W N of H -idelberg.
El'drberg, a town and caftk- of France,
in the department of Mont Tonnere,
K C C
lAttljr of Germaiiyr. in the pAlatinatff of
thit Rhini* { fiMtoil .It the coiiilux of thii
Alfrn with the Nahe« eight miles sw of
C'rput7.iuch.
librrmanttadf, a town of Pranconia,
in the principiiruy of Hamberg, on the
Wifent, 13 mile* sm of B.imberg.
lilrrn, A town of Fmnconia. In the
principality of Wiirtzhiiig, on the Dan-
i«ach, ti inilft nn'w of B.imbcrg.
lil'nUfin, a town anil eaftlu of Sna-
bia« eight mile» »r of Hmlcn.
ii/'«Y('i//f, a t«)wn of France, in the
department of Pny d<- Domn, with a
Bcnc(li(ftineal>bey, fi-att'don thi; Soiuulci
eight milc« NK of Kinm.
Elilifi; a town oflVrlifl, in Irak-Agc-
init on A river of the f .mc name, 40
miles w of Ciibin.
£Lini^rrt, a town of S'lahia, in the
duchy of Wiitemherg, noted for its
cheek', feven tnilis s of Uuhenzol-
lem.
llhof a river of Spain, which rifes in
the monntains of A(lnria» on the con-
finei of Old Cadilo, and flows hy Ca-
lahorra, I'ndella, Saragnifa, and Tor-
tofa Into the MeditorrancaM.i
Etston, a town of Lower Snxony, in
Linicburg, celebrated lur its honey> 13
miles s of J.uncburg.
Ecclr.i/W!iiin, a town of Scotland, in
Dumfrlcsniire, noted for Its great
monthly matkct for cattle, fiv«: mites n
of Annan, and i.t k of Dumfries.
lirtUesfiallf a town in StafTordfliire,
with a market on Friday. The biiliop
of Lichfield and Coventry has a c.iftic
here. It is fealed on the river Sow,
feven miles nw of Stafford and 148 of
London.
liccUsias/ical Staff, or Popedom^ a
count! y of Italy ; bounded on the n by
Rom.ngna, ne by the gulf of Venice, sk
by the kingdom of Naples, sw by the
Mediterranean, and W by Tufcany. It
}s 1 30 miles long, and trom 80 to 100
broad, divided into the follovying pro-
yiiices ; th(: Canwagna di Roma, the
]P«trimonyof St. Peter, Sabino, Spoleto,
Ancona, Perugino, and Urbino. The
papal government is a bar to induflry,
and ill calculated to promote the liapr
pinefs of its fubjcAs ; for all thefK pro-
vinces are badly cultivated and thinly
i nhabited. Trade and manufat^urcs are
but little encouraged i and were it not
for dates, figs, almonds, olives, and
other fruits, which grow fpontaneoutly,
the indolence of the inhabitants is fuch,
that they would be abfotutely ftarved.
^he pope, according to the ancient
caiion Iaw» is the fuprcme, univerfal,
and tndepcndant head « of the church;,
EDA
and inveftrd with fovercignty over alt
ChriAlan fovercigns, commnnitiei,.ari(l
individnalii. He h.iit the title of lioly
Fathcmnd Ilolinefs ; and it elected, ..t
every vacancy, from amonj, the cardi.
nail, each of whom is ftyled His Emi.
nence. Their number .vas fixed by
Sixtut V at 70. in allufion to the nnm*
Ikt of the difciples fcnt out l)y Chrift to
teach the world ; an allniinn without
any fingular propriety, as no two c) if*
fen of people could l)r more unlike,
Bdidi^ the bccleliadical State, and pre-
vious to the late revolulionr,, the pope
wa«poflr»>frcd of the duchy otBcn«.vento,
in the kingdom of Naples t And the
territories of Avignim and Venaiffon in
France. He had alfo the three h-gatious
ot' Koinagna, the Bolognefe, and the
Fcrrarefe annexed to his dtiminions till
1797, when the French m.-wle them a
part of their Cilalpine republic. The
annual revenue of the pope is now re-
d\iced to about 6oo,oool. Ilirling, in-
cluding the ex.ictionH in foreign coun-
tiits. Hi.* military force is inconftder-
.iblc : his naval force confifts of a few
jr.dleys, ftationed M Civ-ti Vecchia.
In t7(;8 this ft.ite was taken pofTeflion
of by the French, who overturned itg
.mcient government, and eredled it
into a republic, ftylcd the Roman
Republic, under the diredion of five
confuls. Tlicy obliged the popi-, Pius
VI, to remove from Rome, iirft into
Tufcany, and afterward into France,
where he died .it Valence, Aug. 19,
1799. 1" December following a con-
clave was held at Venice, and on March
1,3, 1800, cardinal Chiaromonti was
eiedcd to the papal chair, who took
the title of Pius vii, and refumed
the fovereignty of the Ecclefiaftical
State. Rome is the capital.
lichtnmchf a town of the Nether-
lands, in Luxemburg, on the river Sour,
furrounded by mountains, 18 miles ke
of Luxemburg.
iiVj;«, an cpifcopal town of Spiin,
in Andalufia, with manufadluros oF
leather and flioes, and a trade in wool
and hemp. It is feated on the Xenil,
6s miles kne of Seville. Lon. 4 57 w,
Eckardtierg, a town and caftle of
Upper Saxony, in Thuringia, 10 miles
wsw of Naumburgi
EckrenJ'orde^ a feapoit of Denmark,
in S Jutland, on a bay of the Baltic.
Near the town is a frefli- water lake,
which is conneffed with the bay. It is
14 miles NW of Kiel in Holftein. Lon
10 I vv, lat. 54 33 N.
li^ddintf a tpwn of N Holland, fumoua
Hand, fumoua
E D E
for it* red rind chfcff* | featcd on the
Ky, ncju- tlic 7uid«i Zci'i 1 1 miles nne
iMi/sione, the name of lome rocks
in the EiiKlifh rhaniicl, lying uhw from
the middle of I'lymoiith found, at thir
diftiUKL'of 14 miles. On tliK principal
fdolt (for the r«;ft art- under water) Jvir
Winl\anlcy Iniiit a lighthoufe in 1700,
which was d«'ftr«)ycd by a ftorm in 1701,
and till' projcdtor ocrilhid in it. In
I ;o9i iiiinthtr, built of wood, was crcdt-
n'l by Mr. Rudyard, which was con-
fumi<l by fire in i7/;5. Within four
years ;ifti'r, one wan built by \ir. SmtM-
toii,wlii('h.iiro was burnt down in 1770 ;
aiul nnothrr, of Hone, was completed by
him in 17741 which has hitherto wi(b>
ftood the fury of the elements. The
building, to the height of 31 feet from
the foundation, is a folid of Rones, en-
grnfieil into each other ; above this are
four rooms, one over the other, and at
the top a gallery and lantern. It is
iicnrly 80 feet high ; and its diftance from
the Kaui Head, the nearell point uf laud,
IN 12 mill's- Lon. 4 24 w, lat. jo 8 k.
luh», a river of Scotland, which
rifcs in Ptrthlhire, on the confines of
Fit'clhire, and flows through the latter
county, by Coupar, into the German
ocoan, at the bay of St. Andrew.
LV/crt, a river which rifes in Weft-
morland, on the confines of Yorkfhire.
It runs N, by Appleby, into Cumber-
land, and there flows by Kirkofwald and
Carlifle, into Solway frith.
.lidnilmr^, or StiproHf a town of
Hungary, on the frontiers of Auflria,
inhabited by Germans, whofe principal
m.inufadun- is cloth. Many oxen and
pigs are fcnt hence weekly into Germa-
ny. It is 40 miles s by E of Vienna.
Lon. 16 4» K, lat. 47 38 n.
Edaidcrri/, a town of Ireland, in
Kings county, near the river Boyne,
nine miles R by n of PhilipAown.
Edtntottt a maritime didridt of N
Carolina, comprehending the counties
of Chowan, Pafquotank, Percjuimas,
Gates, Hertford, Bertie, and I'yrrel.
It abounds with pine, oak, cyprefs, and
juniper.
Edentorif a town of N Carolina, in
Chowan county, and capital of Eden-
tun ditlridt. It is fltuate on Albemarle
found at the mouth of the Chowan, 1 10
miles E hy k of Ralegh. Lon. 77 5 w,
lat. 35 38 N.
JEdema, a town of European Turkey,
in Macedonia, once the refidence of the
Macedonian kings. It is featcd near
the Viftiicza, 44 miles wnw of Saloni-
cbi. Lon. %% 3 i) lat. 40 jo n.
K D I
fiJgarton, a feaport of MalTachufcts,
chief town of Dukes county, lituate on
the K fide of the ifland of Marthas Vine-
yard, 20 miles SE of Falmouth, On the
continent, i^m. 70 30 w, lat. 41 25 n.
JiiinfnU, a village" in Warwickfhire,
14 miles s of Warwick, memorable for
the firll battle fought between Charles
I and thep.irliamcnt, in i64>.
f-!df;hir, a town of Ilindooflan, in
Golconda, fcnted near the Bcirmah, ju(l
above Its ctmflux with the Kiflnah. 95
inilfs sw uf ilydrabad. Lon. 77 45 e,
iHt. 16 4; N.
H'l^wiur, a town In Middlcfex, with
a market on Thurfday. It Hands on
the Ronmii road, leading to St. Alban,
eight miles n w of Loudon.
Edinlurn, the metropolis of Scotland,
in a county of the fame name, featcd
on three hills which run from e to w,
in a direi^ion almolt parallel. On the
middle ridge, which is narrow and
fleep, (lands the Old Town ; the North
Town ,\i featcd on an elevated plain,
t';(nily Hoping on every fide; and the
>uth Town (lands alio on a fimilac
Hoping eminence. The form of the
Old Town refcmbles that of a turtle;
the caftle being the head ; the Hlgh-ftrcct,
the ridge of the back ; the narrow lanca
(which are called clofcs) the (helving
(ides; and Holyrood-houfe, the tail.
On each fide of this hill was once a lake.
The s valley, drained of its waters, is
occupied by Cowgate-drcet: The »
valley is allb drained ; but a moral's re-
mains, called the North Loch. The
ancient callle is feated on a high, craegy,
and precipitous rock, with a drawbridge
on the only fide that is .icccffible : here
is (hown the apartment in which was
born James vi of Scotland, afterward
James 1 of England. In the High-
Itreet is the collegiate church of St.
Giles, a fine Gothic ftrudure, which
has four places of public worfhip under
its roof. Near this is the building in
which the Scotch parliament were uCual-
ly convened: it is now occupied by the
courts of jufticej and has a magnih>;ent
lofty hall. The palace of Holyrood-
houfe forms a grand quadrangle, with
a court in the centre fiurounded by
piazzas: the nw towers were built by
James v, and the whole was completed
in the reign of Charles ix. A fpacious
gallery here is hung with the, pictures of
1 1 1 monarchs, from Fergus 1 to James
VI, the greatcft part of them imaginary.
In the NW tower is fhowu the chamber
where queen Mary fat at fupper, when
Rizzio was dragged from her fide and
murdered ; and the private ftaixcafe by
wbich Ritthven entfired with the »f-
fafluiR, to perpetrate the fava^ deed.
Adjoining are the maxniRcent ruins of
an abbey, founded by David i^and coh-.
Terted by Charles 1 1 into a royal chapel-
The communication between the n and
s parts of Edinburg is by two noble
bridges, the North bridge and the South
bridge. The North Town has manv
new fquares and ftreets, adorned with
uniform and elegant houfes. The build-
ings of the South' Town are Hlcewife
elegant and extenfive, and the new
college forms a very ftriking objed.
The univerfity, foundM by James vi
in 1580^ is ceief^ated thrcighout the
world ; and ii^ medical fchooi, in par-
ticular, is entitled to tb<; firft rank.
The high fchooi of Edinburg has alfo
been long famous for the fchoiars it has
produced. Of the. other buildings a
few only can be noticfid : the royal ex-
change, the regifter-office, the phy-
ficians hall, Heriot bofpital for the edu-
cation of 140 poor boys, Watfoa bof-
pital for the fupport of the fons of de-
cayed merchants, the royal infirmary,
the public difpenfary, and fpme other
public charities. The churches, both
prcfbyterian and epifcopal, and other
places of worfhip, of various denomina-
tionst arenumerous. The public places
of amufement are, the affembly rooms,
the concert hall, the hall for the royal
archers, the theatre royal, and the equef-
trian circus. Edinburg has numerous
manufactures ; and particularly of fine
linen and cambric. In 1801 tlie num-
ber of inhabitants, exclufive of I^tith,
was 6y,a88. It is fupplied with water
conveyed in iron pipes, from Comifton,
four miles to the w. It is governed by
3 lord provoft, a dean of guild, a guild
council, and 25 common council. Here
are 14 incorporated trades, each having
its deacon or warden. Two miles to
the s is theremain of Craigmillar caftle,
the refidencc of James v during his mi-
nority, and of queen Mary after her rc-
tnm from France in 1562. Edinburg is
two miles ssw of Leith (which is its
port) and 377 n by w of London. Lon.
3 IS w,lat. 55s8*N.
EdinbiiTgsliire, or Mid Lothian^ v
county of Scotland, 27 miles long anu
from fix to 16 broad, bounded on the N
by the- frith of Forth, e by the fliires of
Haddington, Berwick, and Roxbiirg,
s hy thofe of Selliirk, Peebles, and La-
nark, and w by Linlithgowlhire. It is
divided into 31 parifhcs, and in 1801
contained 122,954 inhabitants- The
foil is fertile, a}id produces com of all
forts, with plenty of grafsj alfo coal,
EGlt
iron, limeftone, and black otih-bte. The
principal rivers are the Eik, Lcitii,
Amond, and Gala.
Efferding, a town of Auftria, with a
ca{tle. feated'near the Danube, iz miles
w of Lintz,
EffinghatHt a village tn Surry, n
miles N E of Guildford. It was once a
much larger place; for virells, and ca>
vities like cellars, have beeiv frequently
found in the neighbouring fields and
woods; and in the church are fome
ancient flails and monuments.
£'ff<7», a town and caftic of Germany,
in the duchy of Magdeburg, on the
river Bode, 16 miles ssw of Magdeburg.
Egenbttrg, a town of Anftria, noted
for good wine, 13 miles »w of Znaim.
Egp, an ifland of Scotland, one of
the Hebrides, to the s of Skye, five
miles in length, and from two. to three
in breadth. It is partly ffat, and partly
hilly and rocky, with fome bafaltic pil.
lars. The low grounds are fertile.
EgipUti, a town of the duchy of
Courland, 100 miles i^E of Mittau. Lon.
a^ 40 E, Kit. 36 z if.
Eglirigai, a. town of Suabia, capital
of a lordft»rp of the fame name, fix miles
N of Dillongen.
Eg/isfiii, a town and caftle of SwilTur-
land, in the canton of Zurich, feated on
the Rliine, 13 miles n of Zurich.
Egmont op den Jloef, a village of N
Holland, three miles w by s of Alcmaer.
It appears to have been a confiderable
town, but was deftroyed, in 1573, by
the enraged Spaniards, after their fail-
ure before Alcmaer. It now exhibits
extenfive and pi^urefque ruins, pcrliaps
the only ruins in all Holland. Near it
are two other villages ; Egmont op Zee,
a mile U/ the \f, on the feacoalt ; and
Egmont Binnen, nearly two miles to the
s, where a bloody and undecifive battle
was fought, in 1799, between the allied
Englilh and Ruflian army and the French
and Dutch.
L'grff, or Eger, a fortified town of
Bohemia, in the circle of Saatz, with a
caftle and a college. It was taken by
tbeFrencli in 1742, but they were forced
to evacuate it the next year, through
famine. Here are manufactures of lea-
ther, hats, cloths, and ftuffs; and its
mineral waters are famous- It is fcatcd
on tlie Egra, 90 miles w by N of Prague.
Lon. 12 27 Ejlat. 50 5 K.
Egrrmonl, a town in Cumberland,
with a market on Saturday. On the w
fide is an artificial mount, with the ruins
of a caftle ; and three miles se of the
town, in the wooded vale of the Calder,
are the remains of Calder abbey. £^rq-
B S Y
mont is feated near the IriJh fea, on the
river Ebeh, five mile8,«sE of Whitehaven,
and 289 NW of London.
JUgypt, a country of Africa, 500 miles
in length, and 150 where broadeft;
bounded orf the » by the Mediterra-
nean, t by the Red lea and the ifthmus
of Suez, s by Nubia, and w by the de-
ferts to the e of Fezzan . The bruadeft
part is from Alexandrii to Damietta^
and thence it gradually ^\vs narrower,
till it approaches Nubia. Thi« co4in-
try, ib famous in hiftory for its fertility,
has not that extent of cultivation as m
ancient times; many lakes and canals
being now filled up, and, with the lands ^
they watered, are become deferts, the
fands of which annually accumulate.
Egypt is divided into_the Upper, Mid-
dle, and Lower, which laft compre-
hends the Delta; and though the air is
uaturally hot, and not very wholefome,
it enjoys fo many other advantages,
that it has been always extremely popu-
lous. The ancient kings governed
Egypt, till Cambyfes became mailer of
it, s^s ytars B. C. and in their time all
tliofe wonderful ftruitures were raifed,
and works perfe<Sted, which w* cannot
behold without afloniiliment. Thefe
are the pyramids, the labyrinth, the
immenfc grottos in Thebaid ; the obe-
lifks, temples, and pompous palaces;
the lake Mceris, and the v.ift canals,
which ferved both for trade, and to
lender tlie land fruitful. After this
conqueft, Cambyfes demolifhed the tem-
ples, and perf»:cuted the pricfts. This
country continued under the Perlian
yoke till the time of Alexander the
great, who, having conquered Perfia,
built the city of Alexandria. He was
fiicceiided by Ptolemy, the fon of Latos,
324 years B. C Ten kings of that
name fiiccceded each other, till Cleo-
patra, the filler of the laft Ptuleiny,
afcendod the throne; when Egypt be-
came a Roman province, and continued
fo till the reign of Omnr, the fccond
califf of the fuccelTIn's of Maliomet,
who drove out the Romans alter it hrd
been in their hands ^00 years. When
the power of the caliiFs declined, Sa-
lailin fet I'p the empire of tlie Mam-
iouk?, which became fo powerful in
time, that they extended thtir domi-
nions over a great part of Africa, Syria,
and Arabia. Laft of all, Sclim, a Turk-
ilh empf;ror, con^iucred Egypt. The
piufent population of Egypt is com-
puted at 4,500,000, which is not one
naif of the number it contained when
fubjedt to the Romans. The inhabit-
iiui« are compofeti gf four dtirercat
£ G Y
faces, of people ; the Turks, who pwr-
tend to be mafters of the country ; the
Arabs, who were conquered by the
Turks.; the Copts, who are defccnded
from the firft Egyptians that bectene'
Chriftians; and the Mamlouks, who
were originally CircalTian or Mingrelian
flaves, and being the only military force*
are the real mafters of the country.
Egypt has been, for many yeari), dif-
tra<^ed by the civil wars between the
diffvrent contending beys, by which its
24 provinces were governed. The fa-
mous Haflen Ali, the Turkilh admiral,
gained fcveral viftories over them in
1786; but though lie rcprefled, he
could not totally fubdue thera. The
French invaded this country in 1798,
under general Bonaparte, who defeated
the beys'" -in feveral engagements; but
after the departure of Bonaparte, and a
ftrong Britilli force arriving to aid the
country, the French were expelled in
1 80 1. Egypt carried on a confiderable
trade in E India commodities, till the
Portuguefe difcovered the way round
the Cape of Good Hope. However,
the merchants of Europe vifit the har-
bours in the Mediterranean, and import
and export feveral forts of merchan-
dife ; and from other parts the nativeg
procure elephant teeth, oftrich teathers,
ebony, gold-duft, mulk, civet, amber-
gris, coffee, gums, and dnigs. The
principal commodities which the mer-
chants purchafe are coffee, fenna, caflia,
rhubarb, fal ammoniac, myrrh, faffron,
liiltpetre, aloes, opium, indigo, fugar,
rice, wheat, flax, fandalwood, dates,
cotton, cloth, &c. The complexion of
the Egyptians is of a dulky brown.
They nre generally indolent and cow-
ardly ; and the lower clafs are difgull-
ingly filthy in their perfons: the richer
fort do nothing all day but drink coffee,
fmoak tobacco, and fleep; and they
are ignorant,proud, haughty,and ridicu-
loufly \ain. But the Copts are an inge-
nious people, and have >;reat flcill in
bufinefs. From March to November,
the heat, to an European, i« almoft in-
fupportable ; but th'.- other months arc
nrtore temperate. The s winds, which
occiu"*at intervals from Fcb'^uary till
the end of May, are by the natives eddi-
ed poifonous winds, or trie hot winds
of I he delerts : they are of fuch extreme
heat and aridity, that no uunia'cd
body expofed to it can wlthft,in>* its
fatal influence ; and for the three dayg
that it generally lafts, the ftreets arc
deforted I'he lands are fo fubtilc tl,,it
they penetrate into the clofets, chefts^
and cabi4iets, whicbj with the, fyot
E H R
winds, are probably the caufe of for«
eyes being fo very commdn here. It
rains very fcldom in Egypt: but that
want is fully ftipplied by tne annual
inundation of the Nile. When the
waters retire, all the ground is covered
with mud ; then the com is harrowed
into it, and in the fnllowing March
there is nfuall/ a plentlfnl harreft. But
fome lands are never fallow, and yield
three harvefts annually; particularly in
Lower Egypt, where fowing and reap-
ing are going on incelTantly, wherever
the water of the river can be obtained.
The rice fields are fupplied with water
from canals and refervoirs. There is
no place in the world better furniflied
with com, flefii, filh, fugar, fruits, and
all forts of gardenftuff; and in Lower
Egypt oranges, lemons, figs, dates, al-
monds, caflia, and plantains, are pro-
duced in great plenty. Lentils form a
confiderable article of food to the inha-
bitants of Upper Egypt, who rarely en-
joy the luxury of rice ; and onions, re-
markably mild and of the pureft white,
continue to be a '.ivourite diet among
all clafles. The animals 6f Egypt are
tigers, hyenas, antelopes, apes, black-
cattle, fine horfes, large aflTes, croco-
diles, the hippopotamus, the camelion.
the ceraftes, or homed viper, and a kind
of rat called ichneumon ; eagles, hawks,
pelicans, waterfowls of all kinds, and
the ibis, which refemWes a duck, and
was deified by the ancient Egyptians,
oo account of its deflroying ferpents
and noxious infedts. The pyramids of
Egypt, formerly accounted one of the
feven wonders of the world, are all
built on rocky and fandy plains ; the
largeft is 500 feet in perpendicular
height, and takes up eleven acres of
ground. Here are alfo caverns, con-
taining mummies, or embalmed dead
bodies, which are found in coffins fet
upright in niches of the walls, and have
contituied there at leaft 4000 years.
The principal city is Cairo.
Ehiugi'iif a town of Suabia, near
which the Auftrians were defeated by
the French in i8?5. It is feated on the
Danube, la miles sw ofUIm.
Ehingen, a towti of Suahia, feated on
the Neckar, oppofitc Rotenberg, fix
miles w by s of Tubingen.
Ehrenhreilstewy a fortrefs of Ger-
many, in the circle of Lower Rhine, on
the river Rhine, oppofite Coblentz. It
ftanda on the fummit of a ftupendous
rock, not lefs than 800 feet above the
level of the river, and is deemed to be
impregnable. It has a communication
with Coblentz by a fubteiraneous paf-
tin
fa|;e, cut out nf the folid ro^, and »
plentifully ftipplied with water from a
well aSe feet deep. In the vale of
Ehrenbreitftein is an bid palace, which
be" jnged to the eleaor of Treves. This
fortrefs fiirrendered, through famine, to
the French, in 1799, after a blockade of
above 20 months.
Ehret^felty a fortrefs of Bavaria, in
the duchy of Neuburg, which give*
name to a lordfbip. It is i^ miles nw of
Ratiibon.
Eichfeldf a territoryt of Lower Sax.
ony, furrounded by BronfM-ick, Thu.
ringia, and HelTe. It produces much
flax and tobacco. Heiligenftadt is the
capital.
Eil, Loch. See Linnhe, Loch.
Eilenhurgy a town of Upper Saxony,
in Mifnia, fituate-on the Mulda, i}
miles NE of Leipfick.
Eimeof one of the fl-rtiety illes, in the
Pacific ocean, lyi»;if la miles w of
Otaheite. The pi^-iuv^s of the two
iflands, and the manners of the people,
are much the lame. Eimeo has fteep
rugged hills, running in different direc-
tions, leaving la]:;ge valleys, and gently
rifing ground about their fides. The
hills, though rocky, arc generally cover-
ed with trees almoft to the tops.
Einbeckf a fortified town of Lower
Saxony, capital of the principality of
Grubenhagen. It has manufaflures of
clcih and all kinds of iluffs ; and in the
mountain near it are mines of filver,
iron, copper, and lead. It is fituate on
the lime, 17 miles m of Gottingen. Lon.
10 aw, lat. 51 45 N.
Eisenachf a town of Upper Saxony,
in Thuringia, capital of a principality
of the fame name, with a celebrated
college. The duke refides in a caf le
within the town ; and there is another
on a mountain out of it, called Wart-
burg, which, in i5»i, was for fome time
the afylum of Luther. It is feated on
the NclTc, at its conflux with the Horfel,
16 miles w of Gotha. Lon. lo ai e,
lat. SI a if.
EisenartZf or ElsenitZf a town of
Germany, in Stiria, famous for its iron
mines, 34 miles nnw of Gratz.
Eisenstadt, a town of Hungary, with
a magnificent palace, five mUes nw of
Edenburg.
Eislebctiy a town of Upper Saxony,
capital of the county of Mansfeld, with
a decayed caftle. The celebrated Lu-
ther was bom and died here. In the
churches of St. Andrew and St. Ann
are the fuperb burial-places of the an-
cient counts of Mansfeld. Eifleben
contains many brewerieVf and derives
mous for its iron
af Gratz.
F Hungary, with
five rnues Nw of
much profit from tiie neighbouring iron
mines. It 1« »8 in'>« "NW qF Naum-
burg. Lon. II 47 s»l»t' S» 3* »*•
Bistfeld, a town of Uppf r Saxony, in
Thuringia, with a caitle. It has manu-
fadures of indigo and vitriol, and Hands
on the Werra, near its fuurcti) feven
miles e of iiildburghaufen.
Ekanast a. town of Sweden, in Ny-
land, on a bay in the gu)f of Findland,
comilesspof Abo. -
Elia, an ifland in the Mediterranean,
near the coaft of Tufcany, lo miles
long and three broad. It contains
mines of excellent iron, and quarries of
marble; and. has two good harbours,
Porto Longone and Porto Ferrajo. It
was-lately fubjeA to the prin<^e of Piom-
Uno, and now belong? to the French.
Eliassano, a town of Euro^an Tur-
key, in Albania, 45 miles 89 of Duraz-
zo.
Elbe, a river of Germany, which
rifes in tlie Giant mountains between
Bohemia and Silefia; flows by Koningf-
gratz, Leutmecitz, Drefden, Deflau,
Meiffen, Wittemberg, Magdeburg,
Hamburg* and Gluckftadt, and enters
the German ocean at Cuxbaven. It is
navigable for ihips to Hamburg, which
is 70 miles from the fea} a courfe of
navigation longer than that of any other
river in Europe.
£//)fr/on, . a town of the ftate of
Georgia, cbi«f of Elbert county, 25
miles NW of Peteriburg. Lon. 8» 35
w, lat. 33 55 N.
ElbertoHf a town of the ftate of
Georgia, in Effingham county, feated
on the Ageechee, 18 miles \v of Ebene-
zer.
Elbeuf, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Lower Seine. It has a ma-
nufadture of cloth, and. is feated on the
Seine, 10 miles s of Rouen, and 65 nw
of Paris.
Elbing, a ftrong town of W Pruflia,
in the palatinate of Marienburg, with a
confiderable trade in butter, cheefe, and
com. It is feated on a river of the
fame name, near its entrance into the
Frifche Haff, c^o miles ese of Dantzic.
Lon. 1930 B, lat. 5418 N.
EU'ogen, a town of Bohemia, in the
circle of Saatz, with a citadel i feated
on a mountain, by the river Egra, 16
miles N E of Egra.
Elburg, a town of Holland, in Gel-
derlaud, on the g coaft of the Zuidor
Zee, ID miles ne of Harderwtck.
Elche, a town of Spain, in Valencia,
lomiles wew of Alicant.
Plepliauia, an iflapd on the w coaft
«f Hwdgtfftao, ave miles fr^qa Bom*
bay. It contains one of the moft inejk*
plicable antiquities in the world. The
figure- of an elephant, of the natural
fiz(e, cut coarfely in ftone, appears oil^
the landing-place, near the foot of a^
mountain. An eafy Hope then leads ttgt,
a fubtecranean temple, hewn out of th«
folid rock, 80 feet long and 40 brosul»
the roof fupported by ro^s of pillar9
ten feet high. At the further eiulara
three gigantic figures, which were mu-;
tilated by the abfurd zeal of the Portu-
guefe, when tl^is ifland waa iir their
pofleflion. Elqphanta was ced^ to the
Englifli by the Mahrattas.
Eleuths, a kingdom of Tartary, lying
to the NW of Chinefe Tartary. It waa -
conquered, in 1759, by the emperor (^
China. See Kalptucs.
Elfsturgf a town of Sweden, in W
Gothland, with a ftrong caftle near the"
fea, four miles sw of Gotheburg. 1
Elgin, a borough of Scotland, ca-
!>ital of Murrayihire, and formerly the
ee of a biftiop. Here are many large
old buildings credted over piazzas. Its
cathedral was one of the moft magni-
ficent ftrudtures in Scotland ; of which
its ruins are a fufficient proof. Two
miles to the n e, on the banks of a lake, .
is the palace of Spynie, formerly the
refidence of the bidiop, of which fomc
rooms are ftill pretty entire. Elgin
ftands on the Loflie, five miles from its
port at Lofliemouth, where there is a
tolerable harbour, whence much com is
exporied. It is 38 miles ene of Inver-
nefs, and 163 n of Edinburg. Lon. 3 Q
w, lat. 57 37 N.
Efginnhire, See Murrayshire.
Eltfige, a village of Hampfbire, at
the head of Southampton bay, five .
miles w of Southampton. Here are
docks for building and repairing ihips,
and ftorehoufes For merchandife and
com, in which laft it carries on a confi-
derable trade.
Elisahelh Islands, fmall iflatads near
the coaft of MaiTachufets, bearing nw
of Marthas Vineyard, and twlonging to
Dvikes county. They are JU)out 16 in
number ; the chief of which are Na»
fhav/n, Pafqui, Nalhawenna, Phiequefe,
and Chatahunk. Naihawn, the largeft,
fupports a confiderable number of cat-
tle and ilieep, and is famous for excel-
lent cheefe and wool. It is two miles
from the continent, and the n point fix
miles wsw of Falmouth. Lon. 70 38
w, lat. Ai 34 N.
. Elisahethiown, a town of New Jerfey,
in Efiex county, with a handforae pn^-
byterian church, an epifcopal church,
and an academy. It 'is fituate 911 •
P
fftii-
ft ft .
erwk of Newark bay, lo milM ssw of
Newark, and 40 me of Trenton.
Elifabfthloirn, a town of N Carolina,
chief of Bladen county, ,^6 miles s by
w of Fayetteville, and 48 NW of Wil-
mington.
hlinohethtovofif or Hagarsfownt a town
of Mft!'yiaad, chief of Waflirngton coun- .
a. It haa a confidcrabl« trade with
e weftcm country, and the neigh-
bourhood produces the iineft Oroonoko
tobacco. It is fituate in x valley, 70
miles WNW of B^ltimdre^ and 80 nnw
of VVafhington.
JiUcioH, a town of Maryl<ind, chief of
C Jcil county, 'with a confiderable trade,
particularly in wheat.' It is fituate at
the conflux of the head branches of the
£lk, 13 miles from its mouth in Chefa-
peak bay, and 47 sw of Philadelphia.
JLon. 76 so w, lat; 39 40 k.
Ellehohn, a town of Sweden, in Blek-
in^en, feated on tlic Baltic, 10 miles w
otCarlefcroon.
Ti:ll".im<Tp, a town in Skropfhire, with
a maiktt on l^uefJay, and a confider*
able ti-ade in malt- It ha$ a canal from
Shrewfbury, which panics hence, by
Wrtxham and f'htfter, to the eftuary of
the Merfcy. The town is feated on a
large mere, 16 milt-s NNwof Shrewf-
bury, and 178 n w of London.
EUkhponrf a town of Hindooftan, in
Berar, onpital of a circar of the fame
name, fubjcft to the iiizam of the Dec-
ean. It was formerly the cipital of
fierar, and is 144 miles ne of Aurunga-
Vad. Lon. 785 E, lat. ;i 12 M.
lillore, a town of Hindooltan, capital
«f one of the Circars, on the bay of
Bengal, ft is j» miles v of Mr.fulipa-
tam. LoR. fii 15 E, lat. 16 43 '*.
JCtnta, a town of Ruflia, in the go-
vernment of Archangel, on a river of
the fame name, near its conflux with
the Petchora^ 210 miles e of AJczen.
Lo". 5S _>|t; K, lat. rtj so N.
Flnwt Fort St. a fbrtrefs of France,
in the department of Kaftem Pyrenees.
It was taken by the Spaniards m 1793,
but retaken the next year. It ftands
on the river Tet, five miles N of Co-
lioure.
Elnlogrrij a town of Bohemia, capital
of a territo y in the circle of Saatz,
•With a cattle on a ro.k, by the river
Ejiio 38 a. lies WhW of Saatz. Lon. IS
50 K, lat. 50 10 N.
Elnr, a town of France, in the de-
pan mem: of Eaftern Pyrenees, formwly
the fee of a bifliop. It fuffered greatif
in the civil ^^ars daring the reign of
Lewis xr, and is eight milet s by e of
Verpijjnan.
Elora, a town of Hiadooftan, h
Dowlatabad, celebrated for its pagadoi,
cut out of the natural rock, it is 1;
miles N of Aunmgabad.
Eipkin, a, town of Ireland,' in the
coimty of Roicommon* and the fee of a
bifliop, r6 mites N of Rofcommon.
Elricfif & town of Upper Saxony, in
Thnringia, capital of the county of
Hohenftein. It ftands on the river
Zorge, IS miles nnw of Nordhaufen.
Lon. 10 43 E, lat. 51 38 x.
Ets'mburg. See Hiihini'hurg.
Ehimref a town of Denmark, feated
on the Sonnd, in the ifle of Zealand.
It is the moft commercial place in Den*
mark, next to Copenhagen, being the
refidence of a confiderable number of
foreign merchants, and the confuls of
the principal nations trading to the
Baltic. A little to the e is the fortrefs
of Cronborg, which guards the Sound.
Every veflel, as it pafles, pays a toll at
Ellinorc, in rettn'n for which, the crown
takes the charge of conftruAing light-
Ixrafes, and ereding fignals to mark the
ihoals and rocks, from the Categat to
the entrance into the Baltic. Elfinorelias
no harbour, but a good and fafe road,
and is ;s miles k of Copenhagen. Lon.
rs 35 E, lat. 56 o N. See Crunbor^.
EUstelhy a town of Weftphalia, at
the conflux of the Hunt with the Wefer,
13 miles KNF. of Oldenburg.
Elsterurerda, a town and caftle of
Upper Saxony, in Mifnia, on the river
Elder, tA miles n by w of Dreftien.
ElfJinm, a town in Kent, with a mar-
ket on Monday. Here are the rcmAins
of a palace, in which Edward 11 often
refided, and his fon, John of Eltham,
was born : it i« now in part converted
into a farm-houlc, and the ftately hall
fornix the bam. It is eight miles s of
London.
Elvui, a ftrong frontier town of Por-
tugal, ill Alentejo, and a bHhop's fee,
with a cadle* Here is a ciflern fo large,
that it win hold water enough for the
town for fix months. The water it
brought by a Moorifh aquedud, three
miles in length, which, in fome places,
is-fupported by feverai flories of arches.
On the fide of it is a foreft of olive-
trees, three miles in length, among
which are walks and fin«; fountains.
Elvas was bombarded by the French in
1706. A royal academy for young gen-
tlemen was founded here in 173,1. It
is 38 miles enk of Evora, and 116 e of
Liilbon. Lon. 6 56 w, lat. 38 49 n.
E/wavgen^ a town of Suabia, with a
caftle on a mountain ; feated on the
Jaxt, >4 miles ^w of Nurdlinsen.
E MO
Eli/f a city in CambridgefliJre. and a
biftidp's fee. with a market on Satur-
day. It i» feated on the Oufe (which is
navigable hence to Lynn) in the fenny
traft, «alled the Ifle of Ely. The fpring
aflizet are held here- It is a county of
itfelf. including the territory around it,
and has a diftincfl civil and criminal ju-
rifdiftion, of which the biOiop it the
head. It has a fine cathedral, but it
otherwife a mean place. It is 17 miles
K. of Cambridge, and 67 n by p of Lon-
don. Lon. Q 9 K. lat. 5» 94 m.
Etyt a town of Scotland, on the se
coaft of Fifelhire, with a good harbour,
but only little trade, ix miles s of St.
Andrew.
Elze, a town of. Lower Saxony, in.
the principality of Hildelheim, feated
on the Leina, 10 miles sw of Hilde-
Iheim.
Embolift a town of European Tur-
key, in Macedonia, and a Greek arch-
biOiop's fee. It is the ancient Amphi-
polis ; and is fometimes called Chnfto-
poiis. It is feated on the Stromnna.
40 miles KE of Saionichi. Lon. 23 55
E, lat. 40 59 N.
Embrun, a city of France, in the de-
partment of Upper Alps, and lately the
fee of a bifliop. It has a fortrcfd built
by Louis xiv, and is feated on a craggy
rock, near the river Durance, 17 ndiles e
of Gap. Lon. 6 19 e,lat. 44 .^4 n.
Emdeti, a ftrong town of Weftphalia,
capital of E Friefland. It has a good
harbour and a fafe road, at the mouth
of the Ems ; and confidcrable manu-
failures of (lockings, foap, leather, and
cotton. The grcateft part of the inha-
bitants are Calviniflfs, and there are
fome Lutherans, papifts, and Jews. It
was a fi-ee pott under the protection of
the United Promces, but in 1744 they
fold their right to the king of Pruflta.
It is 18 miles ene of Groningen, and 47
WNW of Oldenburg. Lon. 7 8 k, lat.
n «o M.
Emmcndingfit, a town of Suabia, in
Hiirgau, ar.d chief town in the marqui-
fate of Huchberg, feated on the river
Ens, 10 miles n by w of Friburg.
Emmi'rir/{, a ftrong town of Ger-
many, in the duchy of Cieve. It has a
confuit'iablc trade with Holland, and is
feated on the Rhine, 2a miles NW of
Wefd.
Eiwmj, or Ilmmeny an ifland of
China, lying off the coaft of the pro-
vince of Fokien. It has a port fo ex-
tenlive, that it can contain thoufands of
vefleU; and fo deep, that the largeft
Ihips niay liic clofe to the (hore without
lianger, k was formerly mucb fre-
£ N 6
quented by European veflek.; but novf
all the trade is carried on at Canton*.
This ifland is particularly celebrated
on account of the magnihcence of it»
principal pagod, dedicated to their god
Fo. ^on. ti6 37 E, lat. 24 3 E.
Empoii, a town of Tufcany, feated
on the Arno, 17 miles syr of Florence.
Ems, a river of Weilphalia, which
rifes in the principality of Paderbom,
and flows, at Emden, into the Oollarty
a bay of the German ocean.
Ems, a town of Germany, in Tyrol,
near which are fome baths impregnated
with fulphur. It is 10 miles s of Bre«
genE.
Emkut/sen, a town ofN Hollandr on
the Z«ider Zee. It was once a flou-
rifliing place; but its harbour being
now ohftruAed by fand, it has loft it»
former confequence. It was taken by
the Englifli ih 1799. It is 27 miles Jir of
Amfterdam.
Endeavour Sirait, a ftrait of the S
Pacific ocean, which feparates New
Guinea from New Holland- It reeeiv-
ed its name from captain Cook, who
explored it in 1770. Its length is i»
leagues, and its breadth about five, ex-
cept at the NE entrance, where it ir
contraded to lefs than two miles, by
the iQands called Prince of Walea
Iflands.
Endingen, a town of Suabia, in Brif-
gau, near the Rhine, feven miles nm«
of Old Brifach.
.Enfield, a town in Middlefex, with a
market on Saturday. It was once fa-
mous for an extenfive royal chafe, dif-
forefted in 1779; *n^ liad a royal pa-
lace, of which little now remains, the
front haviqe been taken down, in 170 a,
and its fite occupied by fome houMS.
It iB 10 miles n of London.
Enfield, a town of Conneftiout, ta
Hartford county, fituate on\he b bank
of the Copne^icut, 16 mile* n by e of
Hartford.
Engadin, or Inthal, a diftria of Swif"
lerland, in the canton of GrifonH, ex-
tending along the banks of the river
Inn, from its fource to Tyrol It i»
divided into Upper and Lower; the
chief towns Zurz and Cemetz.
EngellerfT, a valley of .SwiflTerland,
m the canton of Underwaldt-n, iq mile*
long, furrounded by mountains. It il
fubjed to the abbot of a Benadiain*.
monafteiTr of tbe fame name, whofa
revenued-arifc principaHy from » com-*
merce in cheeies. The couptry coOr
tains exteufite g^eiers, on tbe iidle of
fertile mounta«st fine black marUe*
wbitQ veined; fmall grfftab^ ««11cd
• ••
ENG
Swift diamonds; filver and vitriol. Thr
abbey is i z miles sw of Altdorf.
Jiuffciho/i/if a fcaport of Sweden, in
Schoncii, on a bay of the Ca^egat,
with good anchorage. In 1678* it was
taken by the Danes after dn obllinate
defence. It is 44 miles n by w of Lund.
Lon. la S7 e, iat. 56 la n.
Engen, a town of Suabia, in the prin-
cipality of Furllenbiirg, so miles ese of
Iriirftenburg.
Kiigernt a town of Germany, in the
Wefterwald, capital of a county of its
name ; fcated near the Khinc, 30 miles
WNw of Dietz.
i?«^//rt«, a town of the Netherlands,
in Uamault, 15 miles aw of Bruflels.
Ent^Oj or Enf^nu, an ifland ofcEuro-
pean Turkey, in the gulf of Hngia, be-
tween Livadia and the Morea. It has
a town of the fame name, iz miles ssw
of Athens. Lon. 43 59 t, lit. 37 45 n.
England, the fouthem part of the
ifland of Great Britain, bounded on the
M by Scotland, ne and e by the Ocr-
mao ocean, s by the Englilh channel,
and w by St. George channel, the
principality of Wales, and the Irifli fea.
It is of a triangular foitn : and from the
tt Foreland in Kent, which may be
termed the e point of the triangle, to
Berwick upon Twred, which is the x,
its length is 345 miles ; from that point
to the Lands end, in Cornwall, which
is the w, it is 425 ; and the breadth
thence to the S Foreland is 340. It
contains 34, 150,000 acres; and the num-
ber of inhabitants in i8ot was 8,331,434-
The fitce of the country affords all that
beautiful variety which can be found
In the moft extenfive tracfts of the globe;
not, however, without romantic, and
even dreary fcenes, lofty mountains,
craggy rocks, black barren moors, and
wide uncultivated heaths; and yet, few
countries have a fmaller proportion of
bind abfolutely fterile and incapable of
culture. The richcft parts are, in ge-
neral, the midland and fouthern. To-
ward the N it partakes of the barrcnnefs
of the neighbouring Scotland. The e
coaft is, in many parts, fandy and
marlhy. A range of rude and elevated
land, fometimes riling into lofty moun-
tains, extepdn from' the borders of S«fot-
land to the very heart of S;«gland, form-
ing a natirral dxvifion between the E
and w Sde's of thi^ kingdom. Cornwall
is ulfo aTOUgh hilly trafl; and a fimiiar
ebara6l|:r prevails in part of the adjacent
counties. Thefe mountainous trafts
abounii wiih 'various mineral treafures.
Tb* rivers IK numerous; and the moft
oiiCda«U«^tti«ua uc the Tb^sfier;
ENG
Severn, Humbcr, Merfey, Medwar
Trent, Oufe, Tync, Tees, Eden, Avon,
and Dee. The Jakes ar^ neither nume-
rous nor extenfive, and are chiefly in
the Nw counties: thofe of Weftmor-
land and Cumberland, in particular, eii.
hibit fuch varieties of beautiful fccnery,
as to become the objeA of fummer ex-
curfions from every part of the coun-
iry. With refpcit to climate, EngUnil
is fituate in the n part of the temperatu
zone, fo that it enjoys but a fcanty
(hare of the genial influence of the fun.-
Its atmofphere is inclined to chiilncfs
and moifturc, fubjedt to frequent and
fuddcn changes; and is more favorable
to the growth, than to the ripening of
the produ^s of the earth. No coimtry
is clothed with fo beautiful and lafting
a verdure; but the harvefte, clpeciaiiy
in the northern parts, frequently fuffer
from unfeafonable rains. The rigours
of winter, however, and the heats of
fummer, are felt here in a much left
degree than in parallel climates on the
continent ; a circumftance common to
all illauds. The whole country, fomc
particular fpots excepted, is fufficiently
healthy; and the longevity of its inha-
bitants is equal to that of almod any
region. Ml its moft valuable produc-
tions, both animal and vegetable, have
been imported from foreign countries,
and have been ke^t up and improved
by conftant attention. England has
now no other wild quadrupeds than
fome of the fmaller kinds ; as the fox,
badger, marten, otter, hare, rabbit,
f<^uiirel, &c. Oa the other hand, every
kmd of domeftic animal, imported from
abroad, has been reared to the greattft
degree of perfedtion. Ifhe horfu haj
been trained up for all the! various pur-
poles of ftrength and fwtftnefs, fo as to
excel in thofe qualities the fame animal
in every other country. 'I'he horned
cattle have been brought to the largeft
fize and greateft juftuefs of ihape. The
ditlerent races of flieep" are varioufly
diftinguilhed, either for uncommon fizc,
goodnefs of flefli, and plenty or finenefs
of wool. The deer of its parks, which
are originally a foreign breed, nre fupe-
rior in beauty of (kin, and delicacy of
fleili, to thofe of moft countries. Even
the feveral kinds of dogs have been
traihed to degrees of courage, ftrength,
aijd iagacity, rarely to be met with elfc«
where. The improvement in the vege-
table produces of this ifland is not iefs
itriking than in the animal. Nuts,
acorns, crabs, and a few wild berries,
were almoft all the variety of vegetable
fsod which it< wood« could boatt. Ta
E NG
«ther countries, and to the efibrts of
culture, it is Indebted for com, efculent
roots, a»<i plants, And all its garden
fruits. The rivers and feas of England
are ftocked with a ^rcat varitty of fidi,
which yield a plentiful article oK provl-
fion to nil ranks of people. The ma-
nufartures and commerce of this coun-
try are vaft, exf eniive, and various : in
the woollen, linen, cotton, and hard-
ware manufaAures in particular, it has
long maintained a pre-eminence; uor
muft the recent one of elegant earthen-
ware be omitted; and though nature
has denied it the rich fruits of other
countries, yet the manufadure, if it
may be fo called, of home-made wines,
in imitation of all the varieties of the
foreign, has been brought to an uncom-
mon degree of perfeftion. The govern-
ment of England is a limited monarchy;
thclegiflative power refiding in the king,
lords, and commons ; and the executive
jn the king, the great officers of ftate,
the judges, and the inferior grndationn
of magiftMcy. The civil divilion of the
country is into fix circuits, and 40 coun-
ties: thefe laft are fubdivided into wa-
pentakes, or hundreds, and pariihes. In
each of the circuits, for the moft part,
two of the judges adminifter juftice
twice a year. They are, i. The Home
Circuit, which contains the counties of
Hertford, Eflex, Kent, Surry, and Suf-
ies. a. The Norfolk, containing Buck-
in|;ham, Bedford, Huntingdon, Cam-
bridge, Suffolk, and Norfolk. 3. The
Oxiord, containing Oxford, Berkft,
Gloucefler, Worcefter, Monmouth,
Hereford, Salop, and Stafford. 4. The
Midland, containing Warwick, Lci-
cefter, Derby, Nottingham, Lincoln,
Rutland, and Northampton. 5. T^e
Northern, containing York, Durham,
Northumberland, Lancafter, Weftmor-
land, and Cumberland. 6. The Wert-
em, containing Hants, Wilts, Dorfet,
Somerfet, Devon, and Cornwall. Two
other counties, Middlefex and Chefter,
are not includi'd in any circuit. The
eftablifhed religion, as contained in the
Articles of the Church of England, is
Calvinifm; but thefe articles are inter-
preted, by the clergy in general, ac-
cording to the more liberal principles
of Arminius; and all other religions are
tolerated. The eccleliaftical divilion of
England is into two archbiftioprics, call-
ed the provinces of Canterbury and
York. That of Canterbury contains
the diocefes pf London, Wuichefter,
Bath and Wells, Briftol, Chichefter,
Ely, Exeter, Gloucefter, Hereford,
Lichfield and Coventty, XincolO) Nor-
E N N ,
wich, Oxford, Pett-rbdrough, Roeheflcr,
Sali(bury, and WorceRer, bclMe the
four W^'lfh bifhopricks of St. !D«vid,
Bangor, Landaff, and St. Afaph. The
province of York contains the diocefea
of Durham, Chefter. and Carlifle, and
that of Sodor and Man. Every prelate
of the fees enumerated,, that of Sodor
and Man excepted, has a feat in the
lioufe of lords. London is the capital,
and the metropolis alfo of the whole
Britifli empire.
England, iVfto, a country of N Ame-
rica, bounded on the N by Canadn, e by
New Brunfwick and the Atlantic, s by
that ocean, and w by New York. It is
the mod populous part of the United
.States, "nd the inhabitants are moflly
defcended frcn the natives of England.
It contains the dates of Vermont, New
Hamplhirc, Mafl'achufets, Rhode iflaud,
and ConnetJticut.
Enkinp'mg, a town of Sweden, in
Upland, on the n fide of Lake Maeler,
ai miles sw of Upfal.
Eiuierdale'tvattr, a lake in Cumber-
land, feven miles e of Whitehaven. It
is two miles .yid a half in length, and
nearly three quarters of a mile in
breadth; furrour.ded, except at the w
end, with wild and craggy heights,
which are almoft impaffable. It aftbrds
a variety of mountain, fylvan, and
p^ftoral fcenes. The river Eden rung
through it.
lUinis, Or Clare, a borough of Ireland*
capital of the county of Clare. It is
laige and populous, has a confiderable
trade, and ftands on the Fergus,' which
is navigable for large boats from the
Shannon. About two miles from it is
alfo a fmall village called Clare. Eniiis
is 20 miles nw of Limerick, and iiz
sw of Dublin. Lon. 9 zz w, laf. $z
44 N.
Ennisrorlfijjf a borough of Ireland, in
the county of Wexford, with a manu-
facture of coarfe woollen cloth,' and
fottie iron-works. It is fituate on the
Slaney, clofe under Vinegar-hill, 10
miles N of Wexford, and a; ne of Wa-
terford.
EnmskUh'tif a borough of Ireland,
capital of the County of Fermanagh.
It is feated on an ifiand in Lough Erne,
where that lake is contrafted for about
fix miles to the width of an ordinary ri-
ver, and has a ftrong fort, it being a pafs
of great importani-e between the n and
s of Ireland. In 1595, it madeanobfti-
uate defence againft the army of queen
Elifabeth, and again in t68o, againft
James 1 1 . It is 80 miles v w of DnbliU/.
Lon. 6 5qW, lat. 54 25 if.
r. p II
guniitHigft A buroiigh of Ivrl.tiuli In
(hu oounty iil' Kilkinny, tcMtiil on thi*
NittiDi t$ \n\\c» »u ut Kllki tiiiy.
iVNtti ur ^'N«)«t n town (t\ \imo\wM\
TiH'Kcy. Ill Komnnlii, aiuUthvcknicli-
Mlhopn \tt\ (Vitttni nmr M )iuU' ol tl<r
Archi|H'li«K(ii nt thn InfltiK ot thr Mi-
rli1)ii vc iuHhn a liy w til' Ailiiaiittplc
i.l>n. 46 III H, Ut. 46 46 N.
/'*nt, a town of Aultriiit on ^ rivor of
Iho i^nic i)nn\(t, «t lt« r«m(liu whU the
I)nit«il)Ci I a inilcR uhk of Mntx.
iiuxnii't M town of I'l^ypti on the k
fl«1o of llic Nile. Here ttvo cunfldcmhlc
nilnK of tilt Aiivicnt Antinoc. It i«i 1 ao
ml lei » of Cuiiu. Lon. ,)o 54 >^i lut>
•8 « N.
I'.Htuhfim, A town of Frnncc, in thr
iWpiUtinont of Uin)c"f Ul»ini.', on the
rlv«'i' nil in mile* « of I'olnur.
l\»At»itH^ M town of I'iMncOl in the
«U'p.ii tnunl of Mow, Utrly ol (Jcrnuuy,
in the iluchy uf Jnlicri, 15 milcK iw of
Colngnv.
hnsh>\f\ ,1 town of the imLuinntc of
^AVtiriH, la inilcH n of UatiAion.
liHlhl'Hclis M town of Swilfvilantit in
the canton of Luc* rni m milcR wnw of
Lurvin.
/iM/»v Diiufrtt f Minhrtf a province
of I'ortURal. lying *>» the Uvu'o.ift he-
twrcn tl»c livrra Douno «n»I Miijho,
)uiU lunuuUtl on iho ► liy 1 ui Ion Mon-
tei> It itt very oopulonsi nnd tlillin^iiini-
r«l by itn \vt^|.ron«.luCtoil A^iicuituii-.
JilM|;n i9 thr ca|nt<tl<
J\ntirrsl»^f\ A town of Aiiftiirti with
A iMlUc fumujulo*! Iiywiillnaml iIiich«M,
on tbv M\ b.iiik of thit D.mubri toniiU'«
KltK of VI«M\! ;».
ii^»Tif.«,a lown «>flTppc»lhni}ji>ry, ca«
Dilalofihc county ut S.iro», iclibi«t«Hl
tor its inincii of fall. It in fontvtl on the
Tntia, io milc!) mk uf CUfovia. JLun-
Ai 15 K, Lit. 4H .<;o N.
i\ /»»•! ti(i_v, A iv)wn of France, in tJic
tU'l>iutnu*nt of Mavne. It wa.s l.»kiii by
Iloni-y IV in 13 v^* \vhen maill\;il Uirou
was killeil whiU* tho king's hand wis on
Jvis ibmiKU'r. The win«>8 pixuluccil in
Us nciKhbourhnoil aiv cxci'llcnt. It in
17 miles Nw of Chaloits.
ii/KTMOM, a town of Franct', In tho
department ofjUirc aiul Loir, 15 miles
NNK of Chatties.
ii>«<*N.v, a vilKige of Aluiic Tnrkey,
In N.itolia, anciently one uf the moil
ipU-niiid cities of Aha Mliior» and th»*
mort f»"equeni«;\< emporium of that con-
timiit. Of its furnior fplemlonr ♦h»»n«
is nothing to U* fovn but heaps of
marblct t>vertui-ni;d walls, columns, ca-
^<ult| and pieces of itatues. The for-
trds, whick U upon ui eminence, fcems
. E K R
to bRvc b««n the work of thi* Greek
cmp<*mrs) iind Mtfo the «qu««!n<l, p«it
of which ii yet lUndliiif. AipiiortiMlw
nlllAt-M uf flnr mvrblr . I'li* rniiVin g;tt(
li.is thrcn bairo'rftievr;, takvn hom
fomc ancient inonMnrntsi that in tht;
mlildic was conltrii^l; :i by the Riimiinii
The molt rrmurkuble lltuflure wiihiIki
'I'emple of UlunN, driMnei* one of the
fevc'.i wondera of the world atid Mhich
the primitive ChrilUans ha* I eonvfrtnt
lino a church | but it i4n<'.w foentirely
ruined, that it is not eafy to liiid the
Kinundplot. Ei>hefiis is frated nrar
tho mouth of the CayAer, which for.
merly alt'oidrd r gomi hitrbour fur
fl)ipH, but is now almud choaked ii|i
with land. The prefent intuibitaiitsAtr
only Orc«k pralantN, who live in rx>
treme wrclcnediiel(i and Infctiflhility,
It is ,(o miles ssn of Sinyrni. Lun a;
a,l »:, lat jH 8 M.
/•.'/t/iKj/rf, or Tutikrrttown, n town of
?eiinrylvAnia, in Lancafter county, ami
thf pinu-iual fcttlement of a I'eOt ciilletl
Tunkevs [DippiisJ, who are of (Jet.
man «'Xtnie)iun, and flrd appearnl in
America in 1719. It is £ a miles n of
Lancailer.
/>i;«, a town of Franco, in thcilc
parlnirnt of Luitrt, iH miles w by n ut
Oilcun^.
/'.'/>»»«/, n town of France, ca|;tital of
the department of Vofges. It ist'nmoiu
for its paper«mills, and featcd on the
river Mofclle, near the mountains of
the VolgcH, ^n miles «k of Nancy.
Lon. 6.^1 K, lat 48 8 m.
''•'/'/'"'/J» a town iu MlTex, with a
marUcl on Friday. It is fainoii.t lor
excellent bittter, and fl-ated at the n
end of a foreft of the fame name, 1;
niiles NMK of London.
r.pl>hf^t'», a town of Germany, in the
late p.ilatinate of the Khine, featwloij
the Ml'.its, ao miles i: n t of Philipfbuig
i'.l>Mini. a town in Surry, which lias,
from the number of opulent people
ivliding in and near it, a daily market.
It iit cell bvated for its mineral w.itir^
and falts; and on its niighboiiriiig
ilowns are annual horferaccs. it is 1;
nuU s s.sw of London. fi
iiiiwotih^ ;» town in Llncolnfliif*^' n
the illc of Axholtn, M-ith a tniirkct on
Friday, and a manufaCiture of fackiiij:.
John Welley, the founder of the .Ar-
menian fett of methodifts, was born
here. It is II mile« n of Gaitiiboroughi
and 160 NNW of I^indon.
litl'orh, a town of Franconia, cipi-
tal of a county of the ffime name, with
a caftlc. It is a £ miles w by s of Wa-
thviniiand 35 ssu uf Frankfort.
u I'.nVx, with a
E n I
Drrhli, • Traport uf Afiatie Turk<7,
til Nitti»lln. on A l).i/ of tin* Alack frti,
J4P tnilci »N tc uf Uutfj. Lun. 3a 35 j{,
Ibiili, Bticlpntly Hnacka, a town of
Ciiropt'nnTiirkry. in Komitttini in which
Air the ruinnot'An umphilhcntro, built
by i'in|»rnir Scvitiih. It ia ft'atrd on
lie r*a of Marinoiu, 4O ntilci w of Con>
ftaiilinopIC' - - _v. «
I'lrimf, » city of Uppcfr Saxony,
fmnctim*!!! accounted t\w capital <i
Thoriii|tia« wiili a unWirflty and two
ftr.HiK fort*. The priiiiM|);il inagiftnUc
ii fuinctimcH a protellaiit and fdmtnimc a
■ napift I hut the gn-atelt uarf (»f the
burutifri are protcltanta. It han three
fine libiarlci, ono of wlilch belongs to
thu napiftit another to the unlvcrfUy.
and a third to the protoftant minidirrN.
Thiinhabilnnli arc coin)>nti*d at if ,000.
A fire ha;tpc»«d here ni 1736, wliich
burnt liowti lilo hoofcH, and fevvral
rlunchci. In iBo^, it wai tftk«n by
thi' Frrncli. It ih fiated In a !• rtilc
cduntiVi on the livcr Oera, 5H mih-H
tis^. of Leipfic. Lon. 11 9 E, lat. 51
I'.nln'U /-'"'/'. 'n Scotland, an arm of
the lia, «)n the n cimH of .Sntherlaud-
/hiri', c.ipal)leof affordio); a fate rrtrcat
to the laiKell v.ireU. It roceive* fttvitral
llriaiiiH ; particularly that which flowa
from a lake called Loch Ilopr.
/•>/((./(/, A t«»\vn of Portugal, In
Eftremadiira, on the feacoaft, 21 mlka
NNWof Lifl)on.
/.'( (( A^ LiH'K a lake of Scotland, lying
iu ttie oi»uiUie.s of Invmirfs and Perth.
Itii) 24 inilcniu length iind «»ncinhreadth,
lurroundid by lofty mountains and
ruum'd cliffii, anil its banks covered
witli heath and a few ftraggling birehea
and aUierH. Its outlet, at the s txtre-
inity, U the river Erichl, which Hows
into Loch Ranuock-
liru', Furl, a llrong fortification of
Upptt C'anada, ruiiate on the e end
<$\ Lakr Eri«r, and on tlu; w bank of
the river Niagara, 27 miles » by E of
Fort Niagara. lx)n. 7!$ 1$ ^t "t- 4*
F.riv, Lake, in N America, lice be-
tween /9 and B4 w Ion. and 41 and 4.^
s lat. Its length is 380 miles, and 40
its nudiiim brea«lth. It is upward «f
jroo miles in circumference, and navi-
gable I'or fljips of any burden. The
coall vn both fides io generally favorable
for battcaux and canoes ; yet in fome
places, chiefly on the s fide, there are
rocks that run feveral miles Iu length.
Some of thcfe, near the mouth of the
C»yahaj;a, rife. 40 or 50 feet perpentU*
SB L
cutar out of the wat(T» and projcd over
the lak'> fo ai to infpire ilrcad in the
boldeft bread, whmi tney are approach*
cd. The hiathim Indiana, vrbfn they
fiaft thU impending drfngrrr, offer s
licrlfleu of tobacco to the water. The
iilnndi and bank* towani its w end arc
fo infened with rvttleUi.ikes, aa to rea-
der it dangerous to land on tht'm. The
lake li covered, near the hanks of the.
Iflands, with a large pond lily) the
leaves of which are thickly fpieajl on
thu furface of the water, to an extent
of many acrea : on thefc, in the fummerf
lie myriads of waterfnakes balking in
the fun This lakCi at its Nw end, re-
cc'ivea the water* of feveral larse lakes
by the rivi:r Detroit, and difchargca
thtm by the river Niagara, at Kt nb end*
into Lake Ontario.
Jimkntf, a fmall ifland of the He*
brides of Scotland, at the s md of S
Uift i noted for being the firft place upon
which Charles Stuart landed, ii} hia
wild attempt to obtain the BritiiH
crown.
llriifif a village in Kent, on the
Thames, five miles e by a of Woolwich.
Great quantities of com and wood are
fhipped hence, and here the £aft India
Ihips. in their palTage up the river, ge>
nerally difchargc a part of jiheir car*
goes.
liiivaii, the capital of Pcrflan Ar-
menia, in a pi-ovince of the fame nam:,
and the feat of an Armenian patriarch.
Thtr city is defended by a fortrefs, in
wnich is the governor's palace, and by
a cattle, on the river Zutngui, ne;ir thu
lake of Erivan, which is very deep, and
60 miles in circumference- The Mei*
dan is an opet: fquare, 400 paces over,
in which are very Hue trees. The baths
and curavanfaries have their beauties,
but tbe churches of tho Chriftiani aru
fmall, and half under ground. It is 105
miles Nw of Aflrabad. Lon. 44 10 k,
lat. 40 :o N.
Edrlnif, A town of France, in the
department ofRoer, lately of Germany,
in the ducliy of Julier'^ ; feated on tbe
Row, 10 miles nw of J niters.
P.rlfidi, a town and bailiwic of Swif*
ferland, in the canton of Bern, with a
callle, on the lake of Biel, 10 miles avt
of Biel.
1-yiangrtif a town of Franconia, io
the principality of Bayrcuth, with a
univcrfUy, and a p.ilace belonging to
the prince. It is divided into the old
and new town { and the latter is one of
the handfotneft towns in Germany.
The principal manufadlurcs are hats,
gloveii and ftockings. It is feated on
ESC
theRegnitz, la miicfl n of Nuremberg.
Lot). It a E,}at. 49 36 N.
JS^ntt a river of Scotl<ind, which if-
fues from a lake of the fame nanie, in
Perthfliire, flows by C -Ifff, and joins
the Tay, a little below Abcrnethy.
Erne, a river of Ireland, which iflues
from a I'mall lake on the n border of
th . count/ of Longford, flows k through
that Df Cavan, and nw through Fer-
managh into Doncg;al bly. In the latter
county it forms a lake, called Lough
Erne, 30 miles in Lngth, containing
feveral iflands ; a nd on one in the middle
part, where the lake is very narrow,
ilands the town of Ennifliilien.
Ernee, a town of France, in the de-
rartment of Mayennt, on a river of the
lame name, '5 miles nnw ot Laval.
Eiodu, or Eroad, a town of Hindoo*
ilan, in the province of Coimbetore,
with a large mud fort. Much coarfe
cotton cloth is made here and in the
vicinity. It is feated on a canal from
the 9ha\vani, and near the Cavery, eight
miles s uf Bhawanikudal.
Erromango, one of the New He-
brides in the Pacific ocean, 70 miles in
circumference, with low (bores. On
the w fide is a promontory that fe-
Sarates two bays, and captain Cook,
om the \reacherou8 behaviour of the
inhabitants, named it Traitors Head.
.Lon. 1^9 19 E, lat. 18 47 s.
Ernypyji town of France, in the de-
?artmen^ ctf Aube, 17 miles s by w of
'royes.
Erzerum, the Capital of Tnrkifh Ar-
me lia, with Armenian and Greek epif-
copal fees. It is furrounded by double
walls, defended by fquare towers, and
eftimated to contain ?5,oco inhabitants.
The Turks are all janifaries ; but mod
of them are tradefmen, and receive no
pay. The Armenians have two churches,
the Greeks but oiie j the latter are
moftly braficrs, and live in the fuburbs.
A great trade i^carried on in furs, Per-
<ian filks, cottons, calicos, and drugs.
iThia city is athoroughfare,ahda reftjng-
place, tor the caravans to the E Indies.
It is fituate between the two fources of
*.he Euijhrates, at the toot of a chain of
mountains, 104 miles »e of Trebifond.
JLon. 41 36 E, lat. 39 57 ^'•
Esculona, a town of Spain, in Old
Cafliile, 14 miles n ne of Sagovia.
jEsealona, a town of Spain, in New
CaftUe, furrounded by walls. It is
fituate on an ' eminence, in a fertile
country, near the Albreche, ao miles
irw of Toledo, and 32 sw of Madrid.
, ^fAwrg«i,,a town andcaftle ofGei-r
musf^ in the landfpravjite of HeiTe-Gaflr
K 9 R
fel, feated on the Werra, 95 mites isi
of Caflel
E$chweiler, a town of France, in the
dcparttient of Roer, lately of .Germany,
in the luchy of Julicrs, 10 miles s of
jfuUcrs.
Escuriil, a village of Spi\n, in I^Tew
Caflile, fei.ted on the Guadara, 15 milet
NW of Madi'id. It takfjs its name from
a noble ftruAi're, founded by Philip n,
in memory of the vi<flory gained over
the Frencn near St. Quentm, in 1557.
This edifice conflflu of a royal palace, a
cTTiirch, a monaflery, a college, a libra*
ry, fltops of difl*erent artifts, apartment!
for a ijreat number of people, beautiful
walks, large alleys, an extenflve park,
-".nd fine gardens. It is built of gray
f^ones, found in the neijihbourhood, and
in the form of a gridiron, becaufe St.
Lawrence, on whofe day the viftory
Was gained, fuffercd martyrdom by be-
ing broiled on fuch an inftrUment. It
is n long fquare of 740 feet by j8o, and
four ftori(.'s high, with a tower at each
angle 300 feet high ; and the palace
forms the handle of this imaginary
gridiron. The mod rcmarkr.ble part is
the arched chapel ; in which is a mag"
nificcnt fepulchre, called the Pantheon,
being buiit in imitation of that church
at Rome : it is the burying-place of the
kings and queens of Spaing and is
thought by fome to be the moft curious
piece of archite(5lure in the world. The
church is built after the model uf St.
Peter's at Rome.
Jisf'eruin, a town of Perfia, *in Cho.^
rafan, 90 miles f- of Aftrabad. Lon.
41 23 E, lat. 36 48 N.
Es^ueyra, or Eagueria, a town of
Portugal, in Beira, eight miles s of
Aveiro.
Esk, a river which rifes in Scotland,
in the ne part of Dumfriesfhire, and
flows SE through a dale to which it
gives name, to the edge of the county.
It there receives the Liddel from Rox-
burgfliire, and entera Cumberland,
flowing s by Longtown into the n e exr
tremity of Solway Frith.
Esky a fiver of Scotland, in Edin-
burgftiire, formed by the junftion of
two ftreams called N and S Elk. They
almoft encircle the town of Dalkeith,
pailing on each fide of the eminence
on which it Hands, and unite a little
below the town. The river enters the
frith of Forth, at Mulfelburg.
Esky North and South, two rivers of
Scotland, in Angusfhire, which defccnd
from the hills called the Braes of Angus.
The former divides the county from
Kinc;ird|nefl)ire for feTcr&l iuiieS| and
.-■^ -.,
readies the ocean, a little to the m of
iMontrofc: the latter, after traverfing
the whole brradtii of the county, enters
the bay on the w of the fame town.
Eikishehr, a town of ARatic Tur-
key, in Natolia, on the river Sakaria,
eo miles E9E of Burl'a. Lon. 31 i& e,
•lat.j9 43N.
£vnr, Asna, or Esnay, a town of
Jgypt, fnppofed to be the ancient Lato-
polis. Here Is an ancient temple, with
walls on three fides, and in the front 24
columns, wr'l prefervcd : within it are
three ftorics of hieroglyphics, of men
about three feet high ; and the ceiling
is adorned with animals, pointed in
beautiful colours. On the n fide of the
town is another temple ; richly carved
with hieroglyphics and croc(>diles, Sec.
and a mile to the s i« the monaftevy of
St. Helen, which contains many mapnifi-
cent'tombs. Klhe ftands on the Nile,
ijoo miles s of Cairo- Lop. 31 40 e,
)at. i4 46 N.
Esopus. See Kingston.
Enpalion, a town of France, in the
department of Aveiron, on the river
Lot, 14 miles n .ve of Rhod.'Z.
Esponenda, a feaport of Portugal, m
Entre Douero e Minho, at the mouth
of the Cavado, 21 milts n of Oporto.
J,on. 8 21 w, lat. 41 31 n.
E<i(]uhiiftux, a people of N America,
chiefly inhabiting Labrador. They have
no fixed abode, but rove from place to
place, and fometimes come as far as
Newfoundland. They are of a different
race from the other native Americans ;
for the other tribes have no beards, but.
thefe have them fo thick and large, that
it is difficult to difcover any feature of
their faces : they are likewil'e the only
favagesthat eat their food in a raw ftate.
Thc7 are of a middling (Vature, gene-
rally robuft, hifty, and of a brown co-
lour. Their head is large, and their
face round and flat ; they have thick
lips, a flat nofe, long black h:>ir, large
fhoulders, and uncommonly fma.'! feet.
They are always well clothed, for ^here
is nothing to be fecn but part of their
feces and their hands. They have a
fort of iHirt, made of the jjuts of filh,
with a coat of bear or bird Ikins, and a
cap on their head. They have likcwife
breeches made of fkins, with the hair
within, and covered with furs without ;
alfotwo pair of boots, one over another,
of the fame fort of fkins. In fummcr,
they have nothing to cover them in the
night; and in winter, they lodge in
tents made of hides, or in cavesf The
drefs of the women is nearly the fame
as that of the men. They are very fu-
E S S
perftitious, and have Tome fort of Ci*
crificcs : they acknowledge tw^ in»i«
fible efiTences; the one, m the origiD of
good ( the other, to whom they pay
the moft homagi', as the origin of every
fpecit's of evil. Their chief employment
is hunting and fifliing. They arc v*y
covetous; and pay fo little regard tt>
private propert^r, as to take every «u-
vantage of bodily ftrcngth to rob their
neighboyrs, not only of their goods*
but their wives. In other refpedts they
are the mildeft tribe, or nation, that is _
to be found on the borders of Hudfon
bay ; for let their affronts and lofl'es be
ever fo great, they never feek any other
revenge than that of wreftling, which
confifts in hauling each other about by
the hair of the head ; they afe feldom
known either to ftrike or kick each
other. As for murder, which is fo
common amongall the tribes of fouthern
Indians, it is feldom hea;J of among
them. A murderer is fliunned and de-
tefted by all the tribe, and is forfaken
even by his relations and former friends.
The women perform the moft tuborious
offices ; they pitch the tehts, carry or
haul burdens, make or mend clothes,
and prepare the victuals. When any
thing is prepared for eating, the wivci
and daughters are never fervcd, till alt
the males have taken what they think
proper.
Esquimaux limjf a bay on the s coaft
of Labrador. Lon. 57 50 w, lat 5 1 30 n.
JCyt/nmaiix filandu, a clufter i)f iVnall
iflands in the gulf St. Lawrence, near
the s coall of Labrador.
Essi'/c or Essck, a trading town of
^clavania, with a ftrong caftle. It haa
a wooden bridge over the Dravc and
the marflies, eight milen in length and
8o feet in breadth, with towers. at a
quarter of a mile diftant from eadv.
other. It is a difficult pafs, and feveral
battles have been fought here between
the Turks and Germans. Eflck waji
taken from the Turks in 1687, fince
which time it has contirtued in the
hands of the houfe of Audria. It is
feated on the river Drave, 100 inrliei
wNw of Belgrade, and 136 s of Bud«.
Lon. 19 16 E, lat. 4-; 30 n.
Essnif a town of Weftphalia, in the
duchy of Berg, lately fubjcct to the ab-
befs of Eflen, who was a princefs of
the empire. Here are feveral catholic
churches and convents, but the inha-
bitants are chiefly Lutherans. It is eight
miles E of Duyfliurg.
Esscn^, a town of Weftphalia, in
E Friefland, near the German ocean, ao
mile» N N E of Emden.
E y T
Eiif^nelo. 8r« Juvquito.
Euex, a county nf England, j4 miles
Mg Md 48 broad { bounded on tin* n
by Cambridgcftitre and Suffolk, n: by
the Grrman ocean, s by Kent, and w
by Hertfordfhire and MUUIIvfcx. It
Aiitains ituoioooacrcs; it divided into
19 hlm<trrd^, and 415 pariihet « has 17
vurkct towns ; and fcrids eight mvm-
btTS to parlianitnt. The number of
inhabiiants in i4oi was a)6.437- it
poffrlVes a variety ut' foil ind tice of
country. The sw part is occupied
prrnCpally by the two forefts of Epping
and Ilainaiilt } and Ih notvd for its
buttfr. which takt-s the name of Epping
butter. The nw part, irom Satfron-
Walden to Cimbridge, is famous for
the growth of f.iffron ; and for a kind
of triple crop of coiiandtr, carraway,
and teazle, which ar*; all fown t(>g<!ther,
but come to maturity at different pt
riuds. Th« middle part is 3 Hn«' corn
country, varied with gentle inequalities
of furface, and fprinkled with woods.
The part bo- tiering on the Thamt^s and
th«feacoi.li(lRchit'flyotmarlhy grounds,
which afTord exCdlei t paAiiragc, ytt are
det'rr.ed imw'holcfojrcaiidagiiifli. The
prirH:ipal livers are theThaincR. lilack-
wattr, Coh>, Chelmcr, Si our. Crouch,
and Roding. lUTule vnfl quantities of
corn of all kinds, abundance of calves
a>:e fent to the London market ; alio
wiki fowls and oyfti;rH. Th«: chief ma-
tuit'at^ture is baize and ftuH's. Chclm8>
ford is tlic county-town.
llintiiigrHf a town of Suabia, lately
imperial, in the duchy of VViitcmburg.
Here »rc feveral convents, but the in-
h'ibitants are chiefly Lutherans. It has
three extenfive fuburbs, and its diftridl
yields good, Neckar wine. It is feated
«ntheXseckar,cightmilcssF.ofStutgard.
i'-'s/oin, a town of France, in the. de-
partment of Meufc, 11 miles enk oT
Verdun.
J<liiukarp a town of Perlia, in F.irfW •
tan, capital of a diftriA of the fame
name. Near it are the magnificent
ruins of ancient PerCepolis. It is 50
miles NE of Shiras. Lon. 53 40 e, lat.
Estavaycr, a town and baliwic of
SwifTerland, in the canton of Friburp,
with a fine caftle ; feated on the lake of
Neuchatel, i.^ miles vv of Friburg.
iUlc, a town of Italy, in the Paduan,
on the river Bacchiglione, 15 miles sw
of P4<jHa.
KftcUa , an epifcopal town of Spain,
in Navarre, with a caftle and a univer-
fity ; featetl on the Kga, 15 milt s w of
Pamplona. Lon. z % w, lat. 42 38 m.
E S Z
iSttepa, a town of Spain, in Andi.
lufia, with an ancient caftle on a moun.
tain, 18 miles s of Lc|ja, and 58 e of
Seville.
Euepona, a town of Spaii., in Orana*
da, near the coaft, sp miles >wiw of
Marbella.
E»lrrahad. See Asterahad.
K^flioniUf or Urvelf a government of
the Kuinan empire, bounded on the w
by thi Baltic, n by the gulf of Finland,
c by Ingria, and s by Livonia- After
having been long an obicdt of bloodt
contention between the Kuflians, Poles,
and Swedes, it was confirmed to the Ut<
tcr by the peaceof Oliva in 1660 ; butit
was lubdued by Peter the great in 1710,
and finally ceded to Ruffia in i;ai.
Revel is the capital.
Fsthwaiicwutcr, a lake in I-4incafhire,
be».Axcn Hawkfhcad and Windermere-
water It is two miles and a half long,
and half a mile broad, interfef^ed by a
peninfula from each fide, jutting far
mto the lake. On the banks are villagei
and fcattered houfes, ploafantly fitnate
under woods, and hanging grounds
clothed with verdure, all heightened by
the ftrong background of rocky moun-
tains. No char is found in this lake,
though it is comieded with Winder-
mere-water.
Litremadura, a province of Spain,
175 miles long and 100 broad ; botinded
on the N by Leon, e by Old and New
Caflilc, s by Andalufia, and w by Por-
tugal. It abounds with corn, wine,
and fruits ; but the air is bad for fo-
rcigncrs, on account of the excelTive
heat. Cattle and fine wool are the
chief articles of trade; and great herds
of black fwine arc ted on the hills,
which are covered with oaks. Badajoi
is the capital.
Hitremadura, a province of Portugal,
150 mill's long and from sj to 75 broad ;
bounded on the n by Beira, e and s by
Alentejo, and w by the Atlantic ocean.
!t abounds with excellent wine, oil,
honey, and oranges. Here the oranges
were firll planted that were brouglit
fro'.ii China, and which are known by
the name of China oranges. Lifbonis
the capital.
l^ifrnnoz, a town of Portugal, in
Alentejo, and one of the flrongcfl; in
the kingdom, being furrounded by ten
baflions. An earthen ware is n^de
here, greatly efleemed for its beauty
and tine fmell ; and in the vicinity are
quarries of beautiful marble. It is lit
miles w of Klvas, and too e of Liibo^-.
Lon. 7 i3 w, lat. 38 47 n.
Jiszekf or liiicg. See JUssik,
E.TN
Etampftt a town of France» In the
<)epartmeQt of S»>inc and Oife, fvated
on the river Loet or Etampet, i j tnilei
K of Chartrei.
Luplrtf a town of France, in the
} department of Paa de Cilait, fituate
oathc Kngli(h channel, near the mouth
«f the river Canche, 13 milea s of BoU'
logne.
Etaya, a town of Hindoodan, in the
province of Agra, fituate on the left
bank of the Jumna, which is here 60
feet liigh. On the top, near the river,
are the remains of a furt. It is 61 miles
ijsof Agra. Lon. 79 16 K.lat. 2645 M.
EthiopiUf a name by which a vaJl re-
gion of Africa has been diftinguiOied
by fome geographers, who have divided
it intu Upper and Lower Kthiopia. The
fiiil inchides Nubia, AbylTinia, and
part of Guinea: the fecond all the
countries s of the cquinutftial line, as
Congo, Mcmumugi« Munomotapa, &c.
JLtietme, St. a town of France, in the
4lq>artm(.>nt of Loire- Befide the ma-
nufatlures of arms, hardware, and cut-
lery (the moft coniiderable in France)
the weaving of ribands forms a con-
iiderable article of commerce. Coal is
found in the neighbourhood, and alfo
a foft (tone fit for grindltones. It is 20
miles s£ of Montbrifon, and 34 sw of
Lyon. Lon. 4 24 k, lat. 45 25 k.
AViW, Loch, a navigable inlet of the
iea, on the w coail of Scotland, in Ar-
gylelbire. It is 20 miles in length, but
of very unequal breadth ; and its banks
are indented with creeks, which afford
fafe anchorage. About feven miles
from the entrance it contradts into .1
narrow channel, called Connel, where a
ridge of rocks occaiiun, at particular
times of the tide, a violent cunent.
About two miles below is the ancient
caftie of Dunftaifnagc.
Elna, a volcano of iSicily, and the
moft celebrated mountain in Kurope.
It is 63 miles in circumference at the
bafe, and £0,954 ^^^t in height. The
Sicilians divide it into three parts or
regions : the lower contains vineyards,
corn-Beldii, and paftures, and many
towns, villages, and convents j the fe-
cond is crowded with forefts of oak,
chedntit, afh, hr, and pine, and with an
infinite number df aromatic plants ; the
third and moft elevated is entirely ilef-
titute of vegetation, and always co-
vered with ice and fnow, except here
and there a thick layer of black alhes.
In many parts on the (ides of this moun-
tain there are prifmatic columns of ba-
f4lt. The iirit eruption -nMINna, on
record, ic that mentioned by Diodorus
ETA
Siculut, ivlthout fixing the period whe#
it happened ( but the i'econd, recorded
by Tnucydideit, was in th« yeir 7^
B.C. From this period to the year 144V*
there were 18 more eruptians. Attar
this it cesfed to emit fire near 90 years,
the next eruption bcine in 1536) <ithei'
coniiderable ones followed in t554«
1567, 160J, 1669, 1682, and 1(92*
which lad was attended with an eartb-
quake that overturned the town of Ca-
tania, Several fmaller eniptioni* hare
happened ftnce. From the great crater
at the top ilTucs continually a (ulphu<
rcousfmoke; but eruptioM kcnce aiv
very rare, as the lava generally break*
out on fome fide before it rifes to that
height. Belide the fruits, which are
the fined in the illand, and the wood
for fuel, which Etna aflbrds, the inha--
bitants likewik derive a profit from iti
fnow, which is (>*' greater re>' tied than
ice, becaufe it aH^ords a more cooling
beverage. The falc of this article, in
a fmall didridt only, yields a. yearly re-
venue of 23 ,000 livres to the biihop of
Catania. The m >untain is 10 miles a
of the town of Catarfta.
ICtitn, a town in Duckinghnmfhh%
feated on the Th.".n>es, over wluch is a
bridge to Wndlbr. It is famous for a
fchool and college, founded by Henry
VI; ami Kings college in Cambridge
admits nil other ftudents for fellows b*it
what haveiieen brought up here. It
is 22 miles w of London.
lllruria^^ a village in StafTordfln'rr,
near Newcaftle. It is the principal
feat of the potieiics in this county, and
here the moft elegant vafe-i aod cjthoi-
articlcs are made. Jofiah Wctlgewood
was the founder, who died here in
Kttenhnmf a town of Suabia. in the
duchy of Baden. N«*ar it is the W-
ncdidline convent of £ttenmunder. It
is 15 miles n of Fribnrg.
LUliugen, a town of Sufbia, in the
duchy of Baden, on the river Albe, fonr
miles ssw of Dnrlach.
jfiM, a town of France, in the depart-
ment of Lower Seine, with a ftrong
caltle, and a h.it4x»ur for fmall v«'irel» at
Treport. The principal trade is in
ferges and lace. It is leatod on -ht* ri-
ver Brefle, ncir the Enjjliflj channel, 15
miles NE of Dieppe.
F.iuinsliam, a town of Virginia, chief
of Wythe county, fituate on Rofdy
creek, which runs intt> ilu- Kanhi-.vay,
2IO miles wsw uf Ridimond. Lon. 8t
20 w, l..t. 36 56 N.
Evaux; a town of Franrr, in the de«
partment oi' Creufe, ucar which is a
i
^tintinertf fpring and^liiaths- tt is %s i^Ues
MpOfl^ns. Set I'ifcrdinfr. ,, #-i ?;
f, Evi^'ela, a town of WeAjpAajia* \a
the duchy of Berg, near the river Wip-
per, 1 8 miles e of DuiTeldocf.
«j EocnKci-fTf a town and caftle of the
duchy of W*;ftphalia, on a mountain
near the river Rocr, lo railes wsw of
BriUpti.
]Epeshamy a borough in Worcefter-
ftiite, govenied by , a mayor, with a
^ ' .market on^ Monday, and a manufadure
, of ftockings. Here are three churches,
4. '.and it ba((formcrly an abbey, of which
(otae ren^ins are ftill vifible. A re-
-4 mafkabie battle was fought here in
1,2^, betjveen prince Edward, after-
ward Edward i, and Simon de Mont-
' j^., -ford, earl of Leicefter, in which tb*- earl
and mofl: of his adherents were flain.
Evelham is featcd in a fertile vale, on a
gradual afcent from the Avon, 14 miles
SE of Worcefter, and 100 nw of Lon-
don.
Bufenm^ St. a town of Naples, in >
_ Calabria Ulteriore, on a gulf of the Me-
fc^^iterranean, to which it gives name, a;
miles s by E of Cofenza.
, Eviatiy a town of the temtory of Ge-
neva, reforted to in the fummcr for its
m'Jleral waters ; featcd on the s fide of
the lake of Geneva, za miles ne of Ge-
Kva.
iSa^/<?;a town of Bohemia, in the cir-
* ck of Kaui-zim, with a gold mine, 1 1
mihn s by e of Prague.
)^voltf a town of Naples, in Princi-
patQ Citeriore, i.s miles ese of Salerno.
JEvititty a fortified city of Portugal,
capital of Alentejo, and a bilhup's fee,
;. wiA J» uniyerfity. Syme remains of
■ the afldeot Roman wall are vifible;
I part of a temple -of Diana, of which
there aire fcven entirfc pillars ftanding, is
now converted into butchers fbambles ;
and thf famous aqucdu<ft built by Ser-
tonus ftiljL conveys a noble dream of-
water to^e city. Evora is feated in a
* p]e9&nt coimtr^, fur rounded on all
fides by mountams, 65 miles e by & of
Liibon. Lon. f $0 w, lat. ,^8 a8 n.
Evoramontt; a. town of Portugal, in
Alcntejp, fituate on a rock, eight miles
wsw of EftremoZj-and tf^ vhk of Evora.
EU'hOf or Precious- river, a river of
China," in Pe-tche-li, which flows n k
into the Pei-ho, at ,^'ien-fmg. Much
grain is conveyed by this river for Pe-
king,'and it is alfo important for its con-
nedion with the n extr:emity of tite
Grand canal.
Eupatoria, or Koslqf^ a towlH of Ruf-
fia) in ;^ govx;riinicn|Qf Tfturida^tiute
{.fit
on the w iide of a fait hike, and nea(ti\fc
Black fea, 68 miles s liy w of Prccop?
Lon. 3i 16 E, hf 15 I a n.
Eupen. See Oepen.
Euphrates, the principal rive^of Tiiri
key in Afia, which has its rife near Eii
zerum, in Armenia, from two fotirctl^^
thsTt lie to the eaflward, on high mmin4
tains covered with fnow almoft the yeail
romid. The plain of Erzerum isini
clofed between thefe two fine ftreamij|
which, when united, are called the Eu^;
phrates, or the Frat. After this jundioii,t
it begins to be navigable for boats; but
jthe channel is fo rocky, that the naviga.
tion is not fate. It firft divides Armenii^
from Natolia, then Syria from Diarbeck;
after which it runs through Irak- Aral)!,
and receives the Tigris on the confines
of the Perfian province of Kufiftan^ lU
then flows by Baflbrar and 35 miles be-
low enters the gulf of Perfia. It is alfo
the NE boundary of the great defcrt of
Arabia.
Eure, a department of France, which
includes part of the late province of,
Normandy. It is fo named from a ri*
ver, which rifes in the foreft of Logny,
in the department of£ure and Loir, and
crofles this department to its conflux
with the Seine, above Pont d'Arche.
Evreux is the capital.
Eure and Loity a department of
France, fo called from two rivers by
which it is watered. It contains tiie
late province of Beauce, and its capital
is Chartres. \
Evteux, a town of France, capit.il of'
the department of Eure, and a bilhop's
fee. The cathedral is a handfomu
ftruAure. The trade confifts in corn,
linen, and woollen cloth; and it has
manufai^ures of cotton velvets and tick.
It is feated on the Iton, 25 miles s of
Rouen, and 55 nw of Paris. Lon. i 9
E, lat. 49 a >^.
EUROPE, one of the four grand
divifions of the world ; bounded on the
N by the Frozen ocean, e by Afia, s by
the Mediterranean fea, and w by the
Atlantic ocean. From Cape St. Vincent
to the mouth of the Cana, it is near
3,400 miles in length ; and from Cape
Matapan in the Morea to the North
Cape in Lapland, about 2,300 in
breadth. It is much lefs than either
A fia or Africa, but furpafles t hem In many
particulars. It is entirely within the
temperate zone, except a fmall part of
Norway and Kuflia; fo that there is
neither the exccffive heat, nor the in-
fupportaUe cold, of the other parts of
the •aiipiitr'^It is much more popii-
loii<»4M)S' bettor cultivated, th^n eithep
^^m-'-i'imf
m*^^^
e, andnca|t'
w of PrecoBJl
w.
»lrive#ofTur«
ts rife near £rc
D two fovcei
Dti high mltanl
ilmoft the ycatl
^rzerum isjnJ
3 fine flreamsi
callei^ the Eu4
?rthi8Junaion,f
for boats; but "^
hat the naviga.
ivideo Armeni;^
'rom Diarbcck;
ghlrak-Arabi,
m the confines
i)f Kufiftanj it'
id 35 miles be*
rfia. It is alfo
great defert of
"France, which
te province of,
ned from a ri-
>reft of Logny,
e and Loir, and
to its conBux.
Pont d'Arche.
department of
two rivers by
t contains tbf>
and its capital
;nce, capit.i1 of'
and a bi (hop's
a handfomo
infifts in corn,
|h; and it has
;Ivets and tick.
25 miles a of
tris> Lon- i 9
jp four grand
)unded on the
|: by Afia, s by
k1 w by tlie
Ipe St. Vincent
)nri, it is near
id from Cape
to tlie North
iit 2>30o in
18 than either
;them!nmany
|ly within the
final! part of
I that there is
\, nor the in-
)ther parts of
more popii-
U, thi)ii eith';i>
■■•,*w»'^ii--».i,«-j ,
^^^trnt^m.
j. •
^
m f\.^wi
' <:
\ ^>Jk
'
1(3^ Jb
.i
I
n
fi.
, ^^
#lx.^
«
-\
5^
.^!2
r;.<i2^
nitt'f
%ii/^
.-^
EUKOPJi
fit.
FROM THE BEST
AlTTHOKITIES.
M
kli^ or Africa; is fuller of villages,
•owns, and cities; anfl the buildings are
ftronger, more elegant and commodi-
u)us. The inhabitants, eftimated.at ijo
aiUions,"are «ll whitej, and for the
noft part much better made than the
i/i.fi.ini', or eyen the Aiiatics. "With
rd|tft to their TkiH^nd improvements
|n arte, fciences, trade, navigation, and
.9 J, there can, be no comparifon. Eu-
rope contains Norway, Sv^den, Den-
nark, Oreat Brittiin, Irelflm^ France,
^Gcpiiany, fruina,iPola#^ Spain, Italy,
fPo^ugal, Hungary, Swiflerland, and
■part of Rnffia and Turkey, befide £t-
Tcrfl iflands in the Mediteri^nean, and^
?otherfea8. The iSnguageS'ar^he Ita-,
Kan, French, Spanifli, and Pwtuguere,
which arc dialefts of the Latin ; the
iG^ian, Flemifli, Dutch, Swedifti, Da-
niin, and Englilh, j4eri*«l from the old
Teutonic ; the Sciavonian, which pre-
n\h, mixed with others, in Poland,
Riiflia, Bohemia, and a great part of .
Turkey ; the Celtic, of which there are
dialeds in Wales, the Highlands of
Scotiiand, Ireland, Bretagne in France,
Kifcay in Spain, and Laplai"* ; the mo-
dem Greek,. and feveral others. The
principal rivers are, the Danube, Dnie-
fter, Dnieper, Viftula, VoJga, Dwina,
rBog, Don, Scheldt, Rhine, Elbe, Oder,
Po, Rhone, Seine, Loire, Oaronne,
Douero, Tajo, >fibro, Thames, andf Se-
vern. The prind^ai lakes are thofe of
Conftance, Genev^ Laufanne, Wenner,
f Ladoga, and Onega. The chief moun-
I tains :u-e the Alps, Apennines, and Py-
'■ wnees. The prevailing rel^ion is the
Chriftiin, divided into the Greek, Rom-
'; ilh, and protefttftH churches. There
■*are alfo jews in every country, and
; Mahom^tanifm is tite eftabliihed re-
ligion of the Turks.
Euruilh'f a town of France, in the
department of Upper Marne, five miles
, SE of St. Dizier.
Easkirchen, a town of France, in the
department of Roer, lately of Germany,
in the duchy of Juliers, 33 miteu ss of
JuUers.
%i!itatia, St. one of the lead of the
Lce\^rd Iflands, in the W Indies, io
miles NW of St. Chriftopher. It 13 a
mountain in the form-Di a rugar.4o|t|^
wbor« top is hollow, yet for its iize,^
is the moft valuable of all theCaribbees.
Tobacco is cultivated on its fides, to
thi very I'ummit; and hogs, kids, rab-
bits, and all kinds of poultry are in
!|reat abundance. It has a town of the
iune name, with a good fort. It was
I taken by the £ngl(m in 1781, but foon
lov;
f
to t&e Dutch in i^* Loa. %'
Ut. 17 ag N. 'm * -
£<(JIN»^ f(naUJK)(l,o%|he^WIn^
dii^i^S^the E c^ of )^rto Hlio.
Lon. 6|^i w, la|> t8^8 tf. ;' ■
£«rtn, a town ji^f Lower Silij^nyf lii
H4mtein,^|iear th^tie of'a Iake,\|c>
mileb NHW of^ ~
EwelLj. townpHBupiyf^Mrith a. mar*
ket on Thurfda^, fix m'iles^w of Croy-
don, and 13 ssw of ^ndon.
■ A'l', a river which rifes in the foipeft '
of Exmoor, in^JSomerfetfhire, and l^v* '%
itl| that conflti^eroWl&t^ertbn, #ns 1
through Defonmni^yTiverten, Exe- f
ter, and Topfham, Whence it formM|n'
eftuary to the^Englilh channel, at Iffic- •
mouth. ■ '%_
Exeter, a vtfjj and the capital of JDc"'
^Vbnftiirc, on the tiver Ex, with a mar- ^
ket on Wednefday and Friday. It was
formerly uie ieat of the W Saxon kings,
who rcfided in the caUle, called Rouge- %^
mpnt, from the colour of the hill on
which it is built. It was encontpafie'd
by walls, atfd had four gates, two of '^
ivhicli^ar^ now pulled down. With its ♦
ibburbs it contains 19 churches, befide
the catbedral,*which is a magnificent
fabiie. It is governed by a mayor, ha3|>
13 companiesi^f tradefmen, and in 1801
i:ontained'ao,305 inhabitants. Ships o^
bnrden formerly canie up to the cfty;
but its porh is now at Topfli^, flte,
miles below, wheiice there is a iaNJ oy^j^*
which vefll'ls of 150 tons come up to i
good quay, formed near the city walls.
It has a confiderabUi qg[^nufa^ure of
ferges and other woollen goods, a iarge'
cdtron matmfadcure, and an exten(i«i
foreign and domeftic commerce. It ia
78 miles sw of Briftol, and 17a w by s
of London. Lori* 3 -34 \v, lat. 50 44 n,
Ercfet; a town or Ne^R Hanapfhire,
in Rockingham county, with a good
harbour, on Exeter river, a jjranch of
the Pifcataqua. It has feveral manu*
fadlures, and the faddlery bufinefs ia
carried on to a great e:(tcnt. Some
veffels are built here, the river being;
capable of floating down thofe of jop
tons, The public edifices are two <JDn-
gregational churches, a celebrated aca-
demy, ami a cotirt-houfe. It i^' ij
miles sw of Portfmouth, and .ca-m <jf
Bofton. Wt --^
Exeter, a town of N GaroiWll, fl^
New Hanover county, on the ne bi^ncb
of Cape Fear river, 30 milca N of Wil-
mington.
J&ideuil, a town of France, in the #>
department of Dordogne, 20 milts m
of Pcrigueuji, »nd'3» s of Limoge*. f
, ««»j^4ft*Jj8BiMgtownj?f Piedmbnifc,
^^
^IMbt-XMNuMMiV^i'*"'
:,i^m^'')me^li^*t*i^
i^(^^*#i*j:**-w***
'.4^,Mi«4t«k^^'.
imtiMi^^
*>*itn
y/K»^
)^
«>
f4r«il
1 3i«Ai.^?^r=^ /v;;:w^fr<^ ^"^-r* J-^-^^f ^i'v
/m'bia
^ JBKi5^
iJJCCjTSc'rfa**'''
{A
S^
n'-
with a fortifed caftle on a tnountantr
which guard* «ne W the paflcs into the
country. Jt is ^ted oa th«^ river
Doire, 37 miles Wl*w of Turfcu ?*>*
Evmooff a foreft in the nw criNrner of
Somerfetfliircy extending th.-nce into
Devonlhire. It i* ji, blaclc fterile re-
gion. .
lixnouthf a villagefln Devonlhire, on
the E fide of the mouth of f^f. river £x»
xo mites sse of Sxet^r- It is much
fa^quented for the benefit of fea-bath-
(iTg-
Eyiftitchitz, a tbvm.ffi Moravia^ in
the circle of 2naini, Wi the river 01
lawa, It miles sw of Brunn.
Eyder^ a river a.id canal that fepa<
rates Germany firora Denmark. The
riv^ rifes in Holltein, wad flows w hy
Rendfcurtr, Frtdcricftadt^and Tonnin-
gen into the German ocean. The canaf
palfes e frum Rendiburg to a bay of
the Baltic, a little jj of Kiel. Thefc
jointly aiford a fafe inland navigation
acrofs the countiy, biftwecn the Baltic
tta. and German ucean<
Eye, a borough in Suffolki with a
market on Saturday. Here are the
ruins of a caille and a BeiiodiAiiie ab-
b«*y. The women are employe4 Jn
making bonelace. It is 20 miles N of
Ipfwich, and 89 ne of London.
Eycy a river of Scotland, which ri{es
i%the ^w part of Berwick(hire» and
enters the ocean, at Eyemouth.
Eyemouthf a town of Scotland, in
Berwickihire, with a harbour for veflcls
of fnaall burden, and a trade in corn
and meal. Itis feated at the moiith of
the Eye, eight miles n by w of Ber-
wick.
Eylou, Dutch, a town of Pruflia, in
the province of Oberland, at the s end
of a lake, 47 miles e by n gf Culm, and
$0 ssw of Koniitfberg.
EiflaUf Prussinii, a towti of Pruffia,
i« the province of Natangen. On Fe-
bruary 8, r8o7, a n-ioll bloody battle
was fouglit here between the French
and Kuflians, which terminated in fa-
vour of the former. It is 24 miles s by
E otMyonigfljerg.
Eynwutnrsy a town of France, in the
department of Upper Vienne, wfth a
confider^ble trade in Ikins, leather, and
rags i^&attd on tlic Vienne, ao miles N
of "t- images.
Eyndhorm, a town of Dutch Bra-
bant, at the conHiix of the Eynds with
the Dommel, jj miles sk. of Bois le
Due.
E^/tvanowilz, a town of Moravia, in
the cirde of Olmutz, 23 miles ssw of
plmuU,
■fK
F A I
F.
FaaZorftt a town of Denmark, on the
s coaft of the iflaod of Funen* 17 miles'
s of Odeniee. |
FabrianOf i town of Italy, in the «
marquifate of Ancona, famoui for its:
excellent paper. It is 25 miles nb of <
Foii^-no.
Faema, mci*j of Italy, in Romagna,; .
and a biihop's we, with an old fortrefs.
The cathedral ftands in the great iquate,
and has a fteeple five ftories high, with
baluftrades. In 1796, it was taken by
the French ; and afterward taken hj
the troops of the pope. In 1797 the
pope's troops were defeated and ex.
pcfled. Faenza is famous for fine
earthen ware. It is feated on the
Amona, so mijes wsw of Ravenna.
Fahluriy a town of Sweden, capital of
Dalccarlia. Near it is a large copper-
mine, deemed the moft ancient in Eu-
rope ; alfo a manufacture of green and
blue vitriol. It is fituate in the midlt
of rocks and hills, between the lakes
Run and Warpen, no miles nw of
Stockholm. Lon. 15 50 w, lat. 60 40 n.
Faifof a town of Cocbinchina, and a
place of great trade : fituate on a river
that flows into the bay of Turon, 3*
railed sE of Turon. ,
Fa'tTfieldf a fcaport of Xonneflicut,
chief town of a county of the fame
name. It was burnt by a party of to-
ties and Britifh in 1777. It is fituate
on Mill Run, near its entrance into
Long Ifland found,. 64 miles ne of
New York. Lon. 73 .^^'w, lat. 41 i j ii.
Fair field, a villagu m Lancafhire, four
miles E of Manchefter. It is a fcttle-
ment of the fedl of'Moraviatis, who
have a large chapel, with an organ, &c.
The men profecute various branches of
the cotton bufinefs, and the women
execute tambour and fine needlework.
Favjord, a town in Gloucefterftiire,
with a market on Thurfday. The
church was founded in 149J, by John
Tame, a merchant of Londoti, purpofely
for the reception of f-Mpe glafs, ^aken
by one of hi.s velTels, in a fhip going to
Rjume : it has 38 windows, beautifully
pKnnted with fubjeils chiefly fciiptural,-
defigned by the famous Albert Durer.
It is feated near the Coin, 25 miles ss
of Gloucefter, and 80 w by n of Lon*
don.
Fair Islc,^ fmall ifland in the North-
em ocean, between the Shetland and
Orkneys, from both which its high
tQWcripg rock^ a(t| jiiiblc* On t|tt A
:-r
F A L
fide, the duke of Medina Sidonia, ad*
Biiral of the Spanish annada» was wreck-
ed in 15 89*
FairlfUt a village of Scotland, on the
coaft of Ayrihire, la miles Nw of
Irvine. It has a fmall harbour; rnd
fhc ftrait in the frith of Clyde» formed
by the co^ft and the Cumbray ifles, is
called Fairley Road.
J-'ahanst a fmall iflar.d in the river
JBidaflba, which ieparatet; France from
Spain. It is alfo called the Ifle of Con-
ference, becaufe Lewis ziv and Philip
IV here fwore to obferve the peace of
the Pyrenees, in 1660, after 24 confer*
cnces between their minifters. It is coa-
fidered as a neutral place, and fituate
between Andaye and Fontarabia.
Fukenhamj a lown in Norfolk, with a
market on Thurfday, fituate on a hiH,
Vy the river Yare, ao miles nw of Nor-
wich, and 1 13. NNE of London.
Filaise, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Calvados, with a caftle,
and one of the fineft towers in Franc*.
It is the birthplace of Williajn the con-
queror, and has a good tradie in ferges,
linen, and lace. It ftands on the river
Aiit^, «o miles se of Caen, and 115 w
of Paris.
fate, a river in Cornwall, which flows
by Grampound and Tregony to Fal-
mouth, where it forms a fine haven in
the Knglifli channel.
lalkenau, a tOM^of 3obenna, in the
circle of Saatz, wvHh tnanufadtures of
aUim, fulphur, and vitriol; feated on
the river Egra, i a miles n of Egra.
Falkenberg, a town of Sweden, in
Halland, at the mouth of the Athran,
on the Categat, ij^mtks nw of Halm-
ftadt. ^"
Falkenbergf a town of Ekandenburg,
in the New mark/ with a caftle, feated
on the Drage, 3 a miles e by k of New
^targard.
Falkenherg, a town of Silefia, in the
principality of Oppeln, with a caftle, 14
miles s by E rf ttrieg.
Fatkcmteinf a town of France, in the
department o^ Mont Tonnerre, lately
of Germany, in the county of Falkcn-
ftein. It ftands a little to the n of Win-
weiler, 54 miles w by s of Worms.
Ftilkirk, a town of Scotland, in Stir-
lingfliirc, famous fbr its tryfts, hcldi
thrice a year ; at which 60,000 head of
black-cattle have been fold at one tryft,
befide a great number of iheep aiul
horfcs. In 1801 the number of inhabit-
ants was 88^8. It is feated near the
Carron and the Great canal, 1 3 miles sc
of Stirling.
Falkland, a town oCSCotl^did, in Fife-
FAL
(hire, with fome linen manwfiiAam.
Here are the ruins of a royal palace,
fome apartments of Which are ftiU in-
habited. It is 20 miles n of Bliubdis.
Falkland Islands, two large tCUods,
furrounded by a great number 'Mf iisaller,
lying in the Atlantkc ocean, Co the k of
the ftrait of Magellan. The fmaller of
the two Urge iflands liea e of the otlxr,
from which it ii fepa^ated by a channel
called Falkland Sound. Thefe iflauds
were probably feen by Magellan, but
Davis is deemed the di&overer of theoi,
in 159a. They were viGtud by fir
Richard Hawkins in 1594; and in 176^,
commodore Byron made a ftttlement
here; but in 1770 the Spaniards fur-
cibly dilpoITenredtheEnglifli: thisa&ir
was fettled hf a convention, and the
Englifh rcgain«l pofleffion ; but in 1774,
it was abandone<1, and the idamU cedevi
to Spain. Sec Port Ef(inont.
Falkoping, a town of Sweden, in W
Gothland, 63 miles e by n of Gutbe-
burg.
Falmmtliy a feapott in Cornwall, go-
verned by a mayor, with a market 00
Thuifday. It has a noble and t-xteafive
harbour, communicating with a number '
of navi}!abk creeks, and its entrance is
defended by the caftles of St. Mawea
and Pendennis. It is a town of great
traflic, much improved by its bdng tlie
ftation of the packets to the s of Eut;
rope, and Aineiica. It ftands on the
Fale, at its entrance into the EngUfli
channel, ip miles s of Truro, and 369
wsw of London. Lon. 5 aw, lat. 50 8 n.
FnlmoHtfiyH feaportof Maffachufets,
in Barnftable county. In 1775, thi« ,_
town was burned by the Britilh. It is
fUuato on the w iide of a fmall bay, 7*
miles 3SE of Bofton. Lon. 70 3a V'« lat,
41 35 K.
i'li/uioHfh, a town of Virginia, in Staf-
ford comity, on the river Rappahannoc,
nearly oppofite Fredericfburg, and 40
miles sw of Alexandria.
i'ulmotith, a tovi'n of the illani of J3-
maica, on the n coaft, and on the s fide
of Martha Brae harbour. lx)n. 77 3 ^
w, lat. 1831 w.
FulmuiitU, a town of the ifland of
Antigua, on the s coaft, with a fortified
harbour. Lon. 6a o w, lat 16 51; n.
FaLsc liai/, a bay between thii'i^ape
of Good Hope and Cape Falfc, frif^nt-
ed during the prevalence of iht NW
winds ic May. Lon. 18 33 £, lat. 34
10 s.
Fa he, CnpCy a promontory E of the
Cape of GoodHope. Lon. iB 44 i:,lat,
34 16 s.
tuUier, a fertile ilUod. of JDenpo^ark^
%
Ml
T'Afi
€« mile* in circiitnlVrcnc«, near the en-
trance of the Baltic^ bctwoon the iflands
of ZMlandi.Monai and Laland. Ny-
kuuing it tne capital.
Vahterlo, a town of Sweden, in Scho-
nen, chiefly known f«r a lighthoufe
and its hcrting fiihrry, az miltrs sow of
Lund. Lon. 12 4$ E, lat. 55 as N.
'Famagiista, a town in tht* ifland of
Cypms, ind a Greek bilhop's fee, with
a harbour, dcfemlcd by two forts. It
was t^ken by the Turks* in 1570, after
a fiejre of ten months, when they fl.iyed
the Venetian jrovemor a'r ve, ind mur-
igh they fur-
:2rin8. It is 6a
"' 35 55 K,Ut.
dcrtfd the inh<' ^^nts
rendered on h*>-' '-^l^ *
miles NKof NiC'-.r^;
35 'o ^'
Faiitnrs, a town . .. raoc" . , the de-
partment of Nord; near . , , h the
French were defeated by the allies in
1793. It is three miles s of Valen-
ciennes.
Fanano, a town of Italy, in the Mo-
denefe, 15 miles s of Modcna.
Faiijeaux, a town uf France, in the
^epartnicnt of Aude, 14 miles w of Car-
caflbnc.
Fatio, a fortified town (of Italy, in
«he duchy of Urbino, and a bifliop's
fee. Here are an ancient tiiumphal
arch,' handfome churches, and fine pa-
laces. It is feated on the gulf of Venice,
18 miles E of Urbino.
FntUin, n kingdom of Guinea, on the
Gold coaft, where the Englifh and
Dutch hjwe forts. Its palm-wine is
much better and ftronger than that on
other parts of the coaft. The villages
are numerous, and the capital is of the
fame name, about i« miles up the coun-
* y. The Englifh fort called Annemabo
is at tht mouth of a river. Lon. o 10 e,
lat. 55 N.
Fiifua. See Four.
Fttonety a town of France, in the de-
partment of Morbihan, si miles n by w
of Orient.
FnreliaWf a town in Hampfhire, with
a market on Wedncfday. Sloops
and fnialler veiTels are built here, and it
has a conGderable trade in coal, corn,
canvas, and ropes. It is i'cated at the
vw point of Portfmouth harbour, five
miles, NKW of Gofpurt, and 73 w by s
of L^^on.
Farrwell, Capp, the moll foutherly
promontory of Greenland, at the en-
trance of Davis ftrait. Lon. 44 4a w,
lat. 39 38 M.
FarnvcHf Cape, a promontory of the
ifland of New Zealand. Lon. 172 41. E,
lat- 40 37 8.
Fargeau, St. a town of Francf} in tbe
FAU
department of Yonne, with a oaftic, t<»
milcfr sit of Auxerce.
Farim, a country of Africa, to the s
of 'the river Gambia. It has a town ot
the fame name, on the river St. Domin-
go. Lon. 14 30 w, lat. 12 10 w J
Farmmgton, a town of Conneflicut,
in Hertford county, with a large coii-
gregational churcli, fituatc on the rivtr
Farmington, which below the town re-
ceives the Cambridge, and then acquires •
the name of Wtndfor river. It is 10
miles wsw of Hartford, and a* e of
Lichfield.
Farnham, a town in Surry, with a
market on Thurfday. It has a caftlc,
fituate on an eminence, belonging to the
biftiop of Winchefter. Farnham is ce.
lebrated for its plantations qf hops, and
has a great trade in corn and Welch
hofe. It is feated on the Wye, i j miles
wof Guildford, and 38 w?w of Lon-.
don.
Faro, an ifland of Sweden, near tlie
ifland of Gothland, about 30 miles in
circumference, populous and fertile.
The principal town has the fame name,
and is fituate on the S£ coaft. Lon. 19
7 E, lat. 37 50 N.
Faro, a town of Portugal, in Algarva,,
and a biihop's fee. It has fome trade in
almonds, Bgs. oranges, and wine ; and
is feated on the gulf of Cadiz, 50 miles
sw of Tavira. Lon. 7 5A w, lat. 36 51 n.
Faroer Islands. See Ferae hluiuLs.
Faro of Messina, 1fhe ftrait between
Italy and Sicily, remarkable for having,
the tide ebb and flow every fix hours,
witli great rapidity, though it is bnt
feven miles over. It is fo named, from
thefnro, or lighthoufe, pn Cape. Faro,
and its vicinity to AiwRna.
Farr, a town of Scotland, in Suther-
landfltire, at the head of a bay of its
name, on the n coaft, 5 a uailes n by w
of Dornoch.
Farrhtgdon, a town in Bcrkfliire, witii
a market on Tuefday, feated on an emi-
nence, 15 miles w of Abiugdon, and 6<t
w by N of London.
Farsistaii, a province of Perfia, bound-
ed on the E by Kerman, n by Irac-Age-
mi, w by Kufiftan, and s by the gulf of
Perfia. It is very fertile in the centre ■,
mountciinous on the n, where aie a great
number of wild fwine ; and the land i'o
fandy on the s as to produce little elfe
than palm-trees. In the forefts is a tree
from which maftic is gathered ; and eme-
ralds are common. Shiras it> the capital.
Fmlack, a tcwn of Arabia Felix, in
Hidramant, at th^ foot of a cape of the
fame name, 150 miles £ of Shibam-
Lon. 51 jo B> lat. 15 39 N.
patlipour, a town of Hindooftan, in
the province of Agt a. Here the empe-
rors of Hindooftaii, when in the r.enith
of their pow^r, had a palace) and on a
hill is a grand mofquc, built by empe-
ror Acbar. It is 22 miles w by s of
Agra.
Faucigmj, a town and caftle of Savoy,
in a diftrict of the fame name ; feated on
the Arve, 14 miles sb of Geneva.
Pavfrtiej/, a town of France, in the
department of Upper Saone, eight miles
wof Vefoijl.
Pavognnna,3in ifland, 15 miles in com-
pafs, on the w fide of Sicily, with a fort
.ind a good harbour. Lon. 1 2 25 e, lat.
38 16 N.
I'ttuijiiemonl. Sec Vnlkrnhirg.
Vayal, one of the Azores, or Weftern
inands, which fufFercd greatly by an
earthquake, in 1764. Its capital is Villa
doHorta.
Payence, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Var, celebrated for its ma-
rufacture of earthen ware. It ftands
near the river Biafon, 10 miles w of
Grafle.
Payittey a diftridt of N Carolina, com-
prehending the counties of Moore,
Cumberland, Sampfon, Richmond, Ro-
befon, rti d Anfon.
PayeltevUlr, a town of N Carolina,
in Cumberland county, capital of the
diftridt of Fayette. Its trade with Wil-
mington is very confiderable, to which
it lends tobacco, wheat, hemp, cotton,
lumber, ftaves, naval ftores, &c. and has
returns of European and Indian goods.
It is fituate on the nw branch of Cape
Fear river, 50 miles s by w of Ralegh,
and 90 NW of Wilmington.
Paymim, or Fiunty a town of Egypt,
capital of a province of the fame name.
It has a trade in flax, linen, mats, raiiins,
and figs ; and is feated on a canal, which
communicates with the Nile, 49 miles
6SW of Cairo. Lon. 30 39 e, lat. 29
27 N.
Fe, St. a town of Spain, in the pro-
vinc^e of Granada, near the river Xenil,
fix miles w by n of Granada.
Fe, St. a city of Paraguay, in the pro-
vince of Bnencc Ayres. The environs
abound in filk, corn, wine, fruit, game,
and cattle. It i& feated on the Parana,
at the influx of the Salado, 240 miles
NNw of Buenos Ayres. Lon. 61 10 w,
lat. 31 30 s.
Fc, St. the capital of New Mexico,
and a bilhop's fee, with a fortrefs. The
environs are rich, and it ftands on a
river, which 27 miles below enters the
Rio del Norte. Lon. io8 48 w, lat. 36
50 N.
F E M
Fe de Bngoto, St. the capital of Nct#
Granada, and an archbiOiop's fee, with
a univerfUy. It is the feat of a vice-
royalty, the jurifdiftion of which in-
cludes the whole of Terra Firma a^id tht
audience of Quito in Peru. The coun-
try abounds in corn and fruit, and in the
mountains are mines of fllver and gold.
It is 450 miles vt of Quito. Lon. 73
39 w, lat. 4 6 M.
Fear, Cape, a caf i of N Carolina,
where there is a dangerous fhoal, called,
from its form, the Frying Pan, lying at
the entrance of Cape Fear river. This
river is formed bv two branches, called
the NW and kr branches, which unite
above Wilmington ; and it enters the
Atlantic below Brunfwick. Lon. 77 45
w, lat. 3340N.
Fecamp, a town of France, in the ■■'<.
partment of Lower Seine, with a u . de
in linen, ferges, lace, leather, am ^ats;
feated near the Englifh cham^ i\
miles N B of Havre de Grace.
Feira, a town of Portugal, i.. i'»i', ,
10 miles SE of Oporto, and 3<i n : <■ b
of Aveiro.
Feldkirch, a town of Germ. i^ If.
rol, capital of a county of i.ie iame
name. It is feated on the river III, near
its entrance into the Rhine, 19 miles s
of Bregenz. Lon 9 43 E, lat. 47 10 N.
Feldshurg, a town and caftle of Au-
ftria, with a fine palace, feated on the
Teya, 18 miles e of Laab.
Filicuda^ one of the Lipari iflands,
in the Mediterranean, 28 miles w of
Lipari. -
Felix, St. an ifland in the Pacific
ocean, nnw of Juan Fernandez. Lon.
86 w, lat. 26- s.
FeUetin, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Creufe, with a manufadlure
of tapeftry. It is 20 miles ssw of £vaux»
and 21 SSE of Gueret.
Feilin, a town of Ruftia, in Livonia, on
the river Pernau, 62 miles sk of Revel.
Felsherg, a town of Germany, in
Hefle-Caffel, with an ancient caftle on
a rock, i a miles s of Caflel.
Fellri, a town of Italy, capital of
Feltrino, and a bifhop's fee. It is forti-
fied, and feated on the Afona, 30 milsa
NW of Trcvifo. Lon. u 55 e, lat. 46
3 N-
Fellrino, a diftridt of Italy, lyRlg be-
tween Belunefe, Trevifano, Viccntino,
and the principality of Trent. It abounds
in mountains, in which are iron mines.
Feltri is the only place of note.
Femern, a fertile illand of Denmark,
in the Baltic, 10 miles long and five
broad, feparated from the coaft of Hol-
ftcin by a narrow channel, called the
F£ R
F^rn^rn Sound. Borg is the chief
town.
Ftmettrange, a town of FrancCi in the
department of Meurte, on the river
Sarte, 40 miles R by n of Mancy-
Frnestrelht a town and fort of Pied-
mont» feated on the Clufon, 18 miles w
of Turin.
Ftraladf a town of Peritai capita) of
the province of Mazanderan. The en-
virons produce fusar, cotton, and filk.
The inhabitants, about i6»ooo, are prin-
cipally defcendants of Georgians and
Armenians. It is feated among the
mountains which bound the Cafpian
fea to the s, la miles from that fea, and
280 N of Ilpahan. Lon. 53 ai e, lat.
55 54 N.
Fercala, or Foratla, a town of the
kingdom of Tafilet, and the principal
place of a diftri(ft. It is 50 miles w of
Sugulmefl'a. Lon. 4 50 w, lat. 31 40 n.
Ftrc, a town of Francp, in the de-
partment of Aifne, famous for its pow-
der-mill, and Ichool of artillery. Near
il is the caftK; of St. Gobin, in which is
a manufadure of fine plate-glafs. Fere
IP fekted at the conflux of tlie Serre and
Oife, 20 miles n of Soifons, and 75 ne
of Paris. Lon. 3 25 e, lat. 49 39 v.
Ferentino, or Fiorento, a town of
Italy, in Campagna di Roma, thice
miles N of Aiatri.
FerettCt a town of France, in the de-
partment of Upper Rhine, on the river
111, near its fource, 40 miles s of Col-
mar.
Fermanagh, a county pf Ireland, in
the provmce of Ulft^r, 38 miles long and
S3 In'oad ; bounded oa the n by Done-
gal and Tyrone, E by Tyrone and Mo-
■aghan, s by CaVan and Leitrim, and w
by I^trim. It contains about 72,000
inhabitants, is divided into 19 parifhes,
and fends three members to parliament.
The linen manufidure, and the railing
of cattle, and hemp, are the chief em-
ploy of the inhabitants. The county is
navigable throughout by means of
Lough Erne, but its uneven furface, and
jiumerous bo^s, render it difficult for
travelling. Ennilkillen is the capital.
Fermo, a town of Italy, in the mar-
quifate oiAncona, and an archbilhnp's
fee. It has a harbour on the gulf of
Venide, and is 17 miles se of Maccrata.
ion. 13 50 E, lat. 43 7 N.
Fernambuco, a province On the k coaft
of Bralil, having Tamarica on the n and
Scrgippy on the 8. It produces cotton,
fugar. and braPii wood, and feeds a great
number of cattle.
Fernambuco, a town of Brafll, capital
of the proviacc of the &mc name, and
F E tt
a bifhop's (be in 1630 it was taken hr
the Dutch, who called it Olinda; tnit
it was retaken by the Portuguefe. It has
a fmal! inconvenient harbour. Lon. ^t
2o w, lat. H 13 s.
Fernaudn Neronha, an ifland, 100
leagues from the coaft of Bralil, fubjedl
to the Portuguefe. Lon. 32 33 w, jat.
.156»- , „
FnnaHdo Po, an illand of Africa, on
the coaft of Benin, 30 miles long and :•
broad. Lon. 3 3 e, lat. 3 6 n.
Frrns, a town of Ireland, in the coun-
ty of Wexford, ami a billiop's fee united
to Leighlin. It is feated on the Uanii,
near its cnnflux with the Slaney, 17
miles N of Wexford, and 30 ssw of
Wicklow.
Fnoe Islands, a cluftcr of twenty-
two fmall illands in the Northern
ocean, between 5 and 8 w lon. and
61 and 63 N lat. fubjcdt to Oeri>
mark. Seventeen are habitable, each
of which is a lofty mountain, divided
from the others by deep and rapid
currents. Some of them are deeply
indented with fecure harbours, all of
them fteep, and moft of them faced
with tremendous precipices. They
produce agate, jafper, and beautiful
zeolites. The furface conliftt of a
(hallow foil of remarkable fertility;
yielding plenty of barley, and fine grafs
for iheep. No trees above the fize of a
juniper, or ftuntcd willow, will grow
here; and the only quadrupeds are
Iheep. Vaft quantities of feafowls fre-
quent the rocks, and the taking of
them furnilhcs a perilous employment
for the Hihabitants. The exports are
falted mutton, talloWf gooiequills, fea-
thers, eiderdown, knit woollen waifl-
coats, caps, and ftockings. To the s
of thefc iflands is a conliderable whirl-
pool.
Ferozahad, a city of Perlia, in Farfift.
an, formerly of confiderablff repute,
and yet contains a number of fine tombs,
gardens, and buildings. It is feated in
a fertile country, 60 miles s by w of
Shiras. Lon. 53 o E, lat. a8 50 n.
Fertara, a city of Italy, capital of a
duchy of the fame name, and an arch*
bifhop's fee, with a (trong citadel, aod
a univerlity. Its broad ftreets, and
number of fine buildings, evince that it
was formerly a flourilhing place, but
the prcfcnt inhabitants are few in pro-
portion to its extent. In the middle of
the city is a palace, furroundcd by
walls flanked with towers and ditches.
The; cathcdrs^ is remarkable for its an-
tiquity. In' the Benedi«Jtine church,
Ariu^lio the poet is interred. Ferran
F E R
was taken by the French in 1706; In
,799 it was retaken by the Auftriana;-
but lliortly after furrendered to the
French. It is foaU'A near the Po, 45
miles NE of Bologna. Lon. n 36 k, Ut.
44 1° ^'
itnara, or F(rraresc, a duchy of
lt;iiy, bounded dn the N by Polefino
diRovigno, w by the Mantuan, s by
the Bologui'fe and Romagna, and E by
the gulf of Venice. Jt had its own
(liikc:-. till 1597, when Clement viii
uiiiteil it to the apoftolic chamber ; but
ill 1797 it was It'izcd by the French,
and is now a part of the new-formed
kingtlom of Italy- The air is unwhole-
1 iiiie, on account of the marflics, and
tlic inhabitants are too few to drain
them. Ferrara is the capital.
I'trrendina, a town of Naples, in Ba-
filicata, near the river Bafianto, 25 miles
sw of Mat era.
fmo, or Il'iern, the mod weftward
of the Canary illands, about 18 miles
in circumference. It is not fertile, but
produces feme corn, fugar, fruits, and
kgiiines. The inhabitants make ufe of
water collefted in cifterns during the
r.iiny feafon, for there is no fpring in the
ifland. Voyagers fpeak of a fountain
tree in the middle of the ifland, and
that in the night much water didils
from its leaves. Some geographers have
tnken their firft meridian from the w ex-
tremity of this ifland. Lon. 11 s* ^'»
Lit. 37 47 N.
ffrrol, a feapnrt of Spain, in Galicia,
on a bay of the Atlantic. Its harbour
is one of the bell in Europe, and here
the Spinilh fquadrons frequently ren-
dezvous in time of war. The town is
fiirroiiidcd on three fides by the fea,
nnd ftrongly fortified on the other. In
iSoo, the kngliih made an unfucCefsful
attempt on this place. It is ao miles
ss of Corunna, and 65 w of Kivades.
I.nn. 8 4 w, lat. 43 aB n.
I'cnybridge, a large village in W
Yorkftiire, on the s fide of the Aire,
uver which is a noble bridge, a i miles
s by w of York, and 174 n by w of
London.
Fenijport, a village of Scotland, in
lifelhire, on the frith of Tay, four
miles bolow Dimdee, and nine nnw of
St. Andrew. It has a confiderable ma-
Mifaiture of brown linens; and a ferry
over the Tay, well frequented before
the bridge at Perth was, built.
Ferryiown. See Creetowit.
Ferie sur Auhc, a town of France, in
the department of Upper Mame. feated
on the Aube, aa miles w by s of Chau-
fnont, and 33 ese of Tioyes.
FEZ
fer/e Jlaise, a town of France, in the
department of Seine and Oifc, 23 milci
8 of Paris.
Pfrfe Bernard, a town of France, in
the department of Sarte, feated on the
Huifne, 13 miles nb «f Mans.
Festentirjf, a town of Silefia, in the
principality of Oels, 14 miles nw of
Wartenburg.
Fethard, a borough of Ireland, in the
county of Tipperary, eight miles se of
Cafhel, and 86 ssw of Dublin.
Fetltard, a borough of Ireland, in the
county of Wexford, on the w fide of
Bannow bay, 14 miles s by k of Ncjy
Rofs.
Fcversham, a town in Kent, on a creek
of the Medway, much frequented by
fmall vefTels. It is a member of the port
of Dover, and governed by a mayor.
The church is in the form of a crofs,
and the interior well worthy of obfer*
vation ; and here is a free grammar-
fchool founded by queen Elifabeth. It
has a market on Wedncfday and Satur-
day; is famous for the bed oyfters for
laying in ftevs; and has feveral gun-
Sowder-mills in its neighbourhood,
[ere are the remains of a (lately abbey,
built by king Stephen, who was interred
in it, with his queen and fon. James Ji
embarked here in difguife, after the
fuccofs of the prince of Orange ; but the
veflcl was detained by the populace,
and the king conveyed back to London.
Feverfliam is nine miles w of Canter*
bury, and 47 E by s of London.
FcurSf a town of France, in the de-
partment of Loire, feated on the Loire^
13 miles ENE of Montbrifon.
Feyslritz, a town and caftle of Ger-
many, in Stiria, on a river of the &me
name, J7 miles nnf. ofCilley.
Fe2, a kingdom of Barbary, 11$ milcl
in length. and breadth; bounded on the
w by the Atlantic, u by the Mediterra-
nean, E by Algiers, and s by Morocco
and Tafilet. It is divided into nine pro-
vinces, and forms part of the empire of
Morocco. The country is full of moun-
tains, particularly to the w and s, wltere
Mount Atlas lies; but it is pqpulous
and fertile, producing citrons, lemons,
oranges, date;;, almimdii, blivcs, figs, rai-
fin.^, honey, wax, cotton, fla;c, pitjch,
and corn in abundance. The inhabitants
breed camels, beeves, ftieep, and the
fined horfes in Barbary.
Fez, the. capital of the kirigdom .uf
Fez, and one of the larged cities in
Africa. It is compofed of three towns,
called Beleyde, Old Fez, and New Fez.
Old Fez is the mod confiderable, and
contains about 80,000 inhabitauts. New
K E Z
Fez \i principally inhabited by Jl'ws,
who trrdc with the Mours, notwith-
llaniling t^e contempt with which they
are treateu by them. The p.ihcrs arc
magnificent , and there are numerous
molquefl, oric of which, c.illt'd Carubin,
is one ot'the f nefl edifices in thcempiru.
The houli's are built of hricic or ftone»
and .idurncd with mofaic work : tliorc
of bricli are ornamented with gla/iiig
and colours like Dutch tile», and the
wood-work and ceilings are carved,
painted, and gilt. The roofs are flat ;
and every houle has a court, in which is
a fquare miirble baiin. Here are two
colleges for fludents, finely built of
marble and adorned with paintings.
The hofpitals and public baths are nu-
merous, many of which are ftately
flrui^urcs. All the trades live in a le-
parate part of the city ; and the ex-
change, full of all forts of rich mtr-
chardife, is as large as a fmall town.
The gardens are full of all kind^ of fra-
grant flowers and fhrubs. The Moor*
of Fez are clothed like the Turks ; and,
though more puliihcd than their coun-
trymen, are vain, fuperflitious, and in-
tolerant. The faints, whom they pre-
tend to have been buried in the city,
ferve them for a pretext to forbid its
entrance to Jews and Chriflians ; and
an order from the emperor is necelliiry
to gain admiflion. y\rabic is better
fpoken here than in other parts of the
empire ; and the rich Moors fend their
children to the Ichools at Fez, where
they gain more inilruiflion than they
could do elfewhere. Fez is the centre
of the trade of this empire ; and hence
caravans go to Mecca, carrying ready-
made garments, leather, indigo, cochi-
neal, and oftriches feathers, for which
they bring in return (ilks, muflins, and
drugs. Other caravans go to Tom-
bu£too, and the river Niger. They
travel over fuch dry barren defcrts, that
every other camel carries water. Their
commod ties are fait, cowries, wrought
filk, BritiOi cloth, and the woollen ma-
nufadtures of Barbary. Fez is fcated
in a valley, watered by a river, and fur-
rounded by mountains, i6o miles ssw
of Gibraltar, and 240 ne of Morocco.
Lon. 4 45 w, lat. 33 40 n.
FexzaHf a kingdom of Zahara, having
Tripoli on the n, and Caffma on the s.
It is an extenfive plain, encompafTed by
mountains, except to the w; and to
the influence of thefe heights it may be
owing, that here, as well as in Upper
Egypt, no rain is ever known. Though
the charafter of the furf?ce (which, in
general, is a light fand) and the want of
FEZ
lain, may feem to announce flerllify
yet the fprings are fo abundant, that
few regions in the N of Africa exhibit a
richer vegetation. The Krcatefl Imgth
of the cMltivatcd part is about 390 mil«»
from N to .s, ami joo from k to w.
From wells of lo or 15 feet deep, with
which evcrv garden and field is furniftj.
ed, the hufbandman waters the produc-
tions of bis land; among thefe are the
date tree, the olive, lime, apricot, pome-
granate, tig, maize, barley, wheat,
pompioris or calabafh, carrots, cucum-
bers, onions, and garlic. Among tlic
tame animals are the fhcep, cow, goat!
camel, afs, and a fpecies of the do'.
mtftic fowl of Europe. The wild ani-
mats are the ollrich, and antelopes of
various kinds. A multitude of nox.
ious animals infeft the country ; adders,
fnakcs, fcorpions, and toads, fwarm in
the fields, gardens, and houfes ; the air
is crowded with mofquitos ; and per-
fons of every rank are overrun with
vermin. The heat of the climate in
fnmmcr is intenf*-, and the s wind is
Icarccly I'upportablc even by the na-
tives ; and in winter a penetrating n
wind prevails, which drives to the fire
even tiie natives of a northern country.
Tempefls of wind are frequent, which
whirl up the fand and duft fo as to give
a yellow tinge to the atmofpherc. The
towns are chiefly inhabited by hulband-
men and fhepherds ; for though they
alfo contain merchants and artificers,
yet agriculture and pallurage are the
principal occupations. The houfes are
built of clay, with a flat roof compofcd
of boughs of trees, on which a quantity
of earth is laid. The natives are of a
deep fwarthy complexion ; their hair
a fhort curly black, their lips thick,
their nofes flat and broad, and their
fkin emitting a fetid effluvia ; they are
tall, and well-lhaped, but weakly, in-
dolent, and inactive. Their drefs is
fimilar to that of the Moors of Bar-
bary. In their common intercourfc,
all difliniJtions of rank feem forgotten ;
the fhereef (or governor) and the loweft
plebeian, the rich and the poor, the
maflor and the fervant, converfe fami-
liarly, and eat and drink together.
Generous and hofpitable, let his fare be
fcanty or abundant, the Fezzaner is de-
firous that others fhould partake of it ;
and if ao perfons were unexpectedly to
vifit his dwelling, they mufl all partici-
pate as far as it will go. When they
fettle their money tranfaftions, they
fquat upon the ground, and having
levelled a fpot with their hands, make
dots as they reckon : if they are wroo£i
■V*
F I O
thry fmooth the fpot again, and repeat
th>- calculation. Gold dull coiiftitiitcs
the cliicf medium of paymfiit j and
value in that medium is alwnys ♦xprtir-
ed by weijcht. In religion, they are
rieiiii but not intolerant Miihomt-tans.
The government is monarchical ; and
itj powers arc adminiftcred with fiich a
temperate hand, tiiat the people are
jrdently attached to their fovneign.
Moiirzouk is the capital.
fiitnof a town of Italy, in the patri-
mony of St. Peter, on the 'liber, 15
milt's N of Rome.
Fiaiwna, a town of Iftriaj on the sw
tonft, 17 miles N of Pola.
fiasconc, a town of Italy, in the pa-
trimony of St. Peter, noted for line muf-
cadine wine ; feated on a mountain near
Lake Bolfena, 1 a miles n w of Vitcrbo.
I'iclierulolo, a fortified town of Italy,
in the Ferrarefe, feated on the Po, i *
mile* w of Ferrara.
Fichfelherg, a mountain in Franconia,
one of the higheft mountains in 'Ger-
many. It extends from near Bareuth to
Egcr in Bohemia, about 16 miles, and is
covered with pines .and other trees.
Fielcwier, an ifland near the w coaft
of Norway, a miles long and four
broad, with a town of the fame name,
48 miles WNW of Drontheim- Lou.
1040 E,]at. 6344 t**
Fieramuolo, a town of Italy, in the
Parmefan, 10 miles 3e of Piacenza.
Pieziili, a town of Tufcany, in the
riorentino, five milea n e of Florence.
Fifesfiire, a county of Scotland, 54
miles long and 1 6 in its grcateft breadth^
bounded on the N by the frith of Tay,
E by the ocean, s by the frith of Forth,
and w by the counties of Perth, Kin-
rofs, and Clackmannan. It is divided
into 63 pariflies, and the number of
inhabitantB in 1801 was 93,743- It is
watered by feveral ftreams, but none
deferve the name <rf rivors except the
Eden and Leven. The oil is fertile ;
it abounds in cattle, coal, iron, lime, and
freellone ; and has many flouriihing
manufadlures. Tho number of towns
is almoft unparalleled in an equal tradt
of coaft ; for fi-om Culrofs to Crail,
about 50 miles, is one continued chain
of towns and villages. Cupar is the
county-town.
Figari, a town of Corfica, at the
mouth of a river of the fame name, aa
miles WNw of Bonifacio.
Figaruolo, an ifland in the gulf of
Venice, near the coaft of Iftria. Lon. 13
47E, lat. 45 18 N.
Figeac, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Lot, with a Benedifline ab-
F I N
bey ; feated on the Sell^, a 2 miles c of
Canort.
^'')f*V» a town of Barbary, in Bile-
dulegerid. The inhabitants carry on a
gr«?at trade with the merchants of Mo-
rocco and Fez, and with the Nejjros.
It is 140 miles ESE of Mequinez. Lon.
1 5 w, lat. 3 J 10 N.
I'/jftn'ras, or Sf. Vernamdo Je Fi^uerast
a flrong and important fortrcfs of Spain,
in Catalonia. It fuiTeiAltrcd to the
French in 1794, without firing a fliot.
It is 10 miles nw of Rofes.
Fij^uero dos Finbot, a town of Portu-
gal, in Kftremadura, celebrated for its
wine ; fe;ited among mountains, near
the river Zizcre, 2z miles N of Tomar.
I'illtk, a town of Hungary, in the
county of Novigrad, feated on the
Ipol, so miles wnw of Agiii.
Finale, a feaport of Genoa, with a
ftrong citadel, two forts, and a caftle.
It was the capital of a maiT)uirate, and
annexed to the duchy of Milan in i6oa,
butfold tothe Genoefein 171^. In 1746,
it was taken by the kin^ ot Sardinia*
and reftored in 1748. It is 30 miles sw
of Genoa. Lon. 8 10 £, lat. 44 14 n.
Finale, a town of Italy, in the Mode-
nefe, on an ifland formed by the river
Paiiiro, zj miles ne of Modena.
I'incajtle, a town of Virginia, chief of
Botetourt county, 36 miles sw of Lex-
ington, and 140 w (^ Richmond.
rindborn, a rapid river of Scotland*
which rifes in Invemefsihire, crofTea
Nairnfliire and the nw comer of JVIur-
rayfhire, and forms a bay of its name*
which opens into the frith of Murray*
at the village of Findhorn, three miles
below Forres, of which it is the port.
I'inisierre, Caf>e, the moft weftern
cape of Spain. It was thought, by the
ancients, to have no country beyond it*
and therefore they gave it a name which
fignifies the Lands-end. Lon. 9 17 w*
lat. 42 54 N.
Finisterre, a department of France,
which includes part of the late province
of Bretagne. It is the moft wefterly
part of Prance, and bounded on three
fides by the fea. Quimper is the capital.
Finland, one ot tbe five general divi-
iions of Sweden; bounded on the n by
Swedilh Lapland, e by Wiburg, s by
the gulf of Finland, and w by that of
Bothnia. It contains the provinces of
Finland Proper, Eaft Bothnia, Tavaft-
land, Nyland, and Savolax, and a pari
of Kexholm. In 1808, this divifiqn
was invaded by Kuflia ; and the Swedt's,
after various battles, were neceffitated
to give up: the whole country by a cqjv
ventioa. . . r. >
F 1 S
Finland Proper, a province of Sweden,
in the sw part of the divifion of Fin-
land, having the gulf of Finland on the
s, and that of Bothnia on the w. It is
1 60 miles long and 90 broad, and the
foil fertile, with feveral fine lakes and
rivers. On part of the coall is a rich
pearl fifhery; and the principal com-
merce is in cbm, cattle, talc, linen, and
yam dockings. Abo is the capital.
Finland, Russian, See Wiburg.
Finmurky the w part of Danifh Lap-
land, in the government ofWardhus.
Finoii}, a town of Brandenburg, in
the Ucker mark. It has a canal, by
which the Oder and Havel are united.
It is ag miles nw of Cuftrin.
Fionda, a town of Afiatic TurVcy, in
Natolia, and a bi (hop's fee, on the gulf
of Satalia, 25 miles swof Satalia.
Fiorenzo. See Ferentino.
Fiorenzo, St. a feaport of Corfica,
^defended by walls and a tower. It was
taken by the Englifli and Corficans,
from the French, in 1794. It is feven
miles w of Baftia.
Firesepoiir, a town of HindooAan, in
Monltan, feated on the^Setlepe, at the
influx of the Beyah, 20 miles w of
Debalpour, and 150 e by n* of Moul-
tan.
Fish River, Great, a river of Africa,
which rifes in the unknown interioc
legions, divides Caflfrarlafrom the coun-
try of the Hottentots, and enjers the
Indian ocean, in Ion. a8 za £, lat. 33
fl4 s.
Pisherrow, a town of Scotland, four
miles K of Edinburg, on the w fide of
the Eflc, oppofite MnlTelbur^g, to which
it is connefted by a bridge.
Fishers Island, in Long Ifland found,
oppofite to Stonington harbour in Con-
tiedicut. It is 10 miles lon^ and two
broad, with a fertile foil, and is annexed
to the townihip of Southold, in Long
Ifland.
Fishguard, a town of Wales, in
Pembrokefliire, governed by a mayor,
with a market on Friday. Here is a
f^ood pier, with every convenience
for (hip-building, and a coniiderable
trade in herrings, corn, and butter.
It is fituate on a fteep clifT, on a
bay of SL George channel, 16 miles
NB of St. David, and 457 w by n of
London
Fishhuuien, a town of Pruffia, with a
royal caftle, feated on the Frifche Haff,
it miles w of Konigfterp.
Fishkiil, a town of New York, in
Duchefs county, on a ereek of the fame
iiame, five miles b of Hudfon river, and
66 vofNewYor)c.
FL A
Fissattr, a feaport of Blarbary, h thf
province of Tripoli, 90 miles nw of
Tripoli. Lon. 12 10 e, lat. 33 50 n,
Ftstella, a fortified town of Mo.
rocco. The inhabitants carry on j
great trade in fine garments. It is m;
miles NE of Morocco. Lon. 5 ^^ /
lat. 3s 47 N. '
Fium. See Faiioum.
Fiune, or St. VHt, a feaport of Idria
with a cadle, and many fine church^j
and convents. It is noted for wine
good figs, and other fruits ; and hss a
fiigar refinery, and a wax maniifai^iire.
The harbour is formed by the nver
Fiumara, which enters the bay of Cm.
nero. It is ^'^ miles r. of Capo d'Iftiia.
Lon. 14 14 E, lat. 45 18 V.
Flaiistrand, a feaport of Denmark, in
N Jutland, with a harbour diifended by
three forts. It is 30 miles nne of
Alburg. Lon. 10 19 e, lat. <; 33 n.
Ffnmfw rough, a factory oftlieHud-
fon Bay Company, on Hayes river, ;o
milerf from its mouth, on the w fide of
Hudfon bay. Lon. 90 5 w, lat, 56
8 N.
Ftamhorough Head, a lofty promon.
tory on the coaft of Yorklhire, whofe
fnow-white cliffs are feen far out at fea,
and afford fhelter to innumerable multi-
tudcso: feafowls. The lower parts con.
tain vaft caverns, and on the fummit is a
lighthuufe, five miles ese of Buriington.
Lon. o II E, lat. 54 8 k.
Flanders, a country of the Nether-
lands, 60 miles long and 50 broad;
bounded on the n by the German
ocean and Holland, E by Brabant, s by
Hainault and Artois, and w by Artois
and the German ocean. The principal
rivers are the Scheldt, Lys, and Dender.
It is a level country, fertile in grain
and pafturts, and very populous. The
chief manufadures are beautiful table
linen and fine lace. It was divided into
Dutch, Aultrian, and French Flanders:
the latter was comprehended in thn dt
partment of Nord, on the new divifum
of Prance in 1791 ; the other two have
fince been annexed to that country, and
conftitute the new departments of Lys
and Scheldt.
Fldtlush, a town of New York, chief
of Kings county. Long Ifland. The
Americans were defeated near this place
by the Britifh in 1776. In is fituate
amid garden-grounds, five miles s by e
of New York.
Fill tier I/, Cape, on the w coaft of N
America, difcovered by Cook in ijji;
and fo named, becaufe he was difap-
pointed at not finding a harbour, hoa,
>»457 w, lat. 48 a^ n.
FL I
Ftavigniff A town of France* in the
department of C6te d'Or, with a Be-
nediiline abbey ; feated on a mountain,
by the river Ozerain, ay mileu w nw of
Diion.
I'lechr, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Sarte. Here was a noble
college, built by Henry iv ; the centre
is nuw converted into a townhoufe, and
one of the wings rebuilt as a feminary
for youth. It is feated on the river
Loiie, aa miles ssw of Mans. Lon.
oi w.lat. 47 39 N-
Fleckeroe^ or Flecfiercn, an ifland in
the North fea, near the coaft of Norway.
Between the idand and the continent is
a mofl excellent harbour, defended by a
fortrefa. Lon. 8 i8 e, lat. 58 4 n. '
Fleet, a river of Scotland^ in Kirk-
cudbrightHiire, which iiFues n-omafmall
lake of the fimc name, and enters Wig-
ton bay, bdovv Gatehoufe. On its w
fide are the veftiges of a camp, a drui-
tlical circle, and a vitrified fort.
Flend'tirg, a fea port of Denmark, in
the duchy of Slefwick, with a ftrong
citadel, and a harbour on'^a bay of the
Baltic. It is a place of great commerce,
J5 miles nsvv of Slefwick. Lon. 9 47
E, lat. 54 5t N.
Fleurance, a town of France, in the
department of Gers, on the river Gers,
13 miles .' of Auch.
Fleurus, a village of the Netherlands,
in Namur, fix miles Nt of Charleroy.
Here, in 1690, a vidtory was gained by
the French over the allies; and in 1794,
the Audrians were defeated in a general
attack of the French pofts.
Flie, or yiielaud, an '(land on the
coaft of Holland, at the middle of the
entrance of the Zuider Zee.
Flint, a river of the ftate of Georgi.i,
which rifes in the country of the Creek
Indians, runs sw, and joining the Ca-
tahouchee, at itsentrance into K Florida,
forms the Apalachicola.
Flint, a borough of Wales, in Fl'nt-
lliire, which gives name to the county,
though now a fmall place. It has the
county-gaol, but the nflizes are held at
Mold. Here are the remains of a royal
caftic, in whicii Richard u took /belter
on arriving from Ireland ; but on leaving
it he was delivered into the hands of
his rival, afterward Henry iv : it (lands
on a rock clofe to the fea, and is go-
verned by a conftable, who is alfo mayor
of the town. Flint has no market, but
is well frequented as a bathing place.
It is feated on the eftuary of the Dee,
i: miles WNw of Chtlter, and ao6 nw
*)f London. Lon. 3 a w, lat. 53 16 N.
Fitntilnref a county ai Wales, 39
FtO
miles in length and la where broadeft ;
bounded on tbe n by the Irifli fea, ne
and B by the river Dee, which divides
it from Chcuiire, and s and sw by Den-
bigUihire. A detached part of- Flint-
fhire extends on the k fide of the Dee,
about nine miles, between Cheihire and
Sbrbpfbire. It contains i6oiooo acres;
is divided into five kundreds. and a8
pariihes; has one city, one borough,
and three market-towns ; and fends
two members to parliament. The num-
ber of inhabitants in iSoi was 39,6aa.
A lofty range of mountains rifes on the
w, and forms a bold frontier. The
valleys are fertile, and contain coal and
fi-eeftone ; the hills are generally barren
on the fuiface, but abound in lead, ca-
lamine, and limeftone. The detached
part is moftly a level country. The
principal trade is mining and fnoelting.
It pusduces good butter, cheefe, and
honey, of which lafl: the natives make
a wholefome beverage called Mctheglip.
The principal rivers are the Clywd,
M'heeler, Dee, Seviou, Elwy» and
Allen.
FliXf a town of Spain, in Catalonia,
ftrong both by nature and art. It
ftards on a peninfula formed by the
Ebro, and the fide where the river does
not pafs is covered by mountains, and
defended by a caftle. It is 23 miles n
of Tortofa.
Floddon, a village in Northumberland,
five miles nnw of Wodler. Near this
place a battle was fought between the
Englifh and Scots, in 1513, in which
James iv was killed, with many of his
nobility and 10,000 men.
Florae, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Lozere, 13 miles s of
Mende, and23 ^^ of Alais.
FlorauT, a city of Italy, capital of
Tufcany, and an archbilhop's fee, with
a citadel, and a univerfity. The cir-
cumference is about fix miles, and the
fortifications confiil only in a wall aqd
a ditch, with two or three forts whigh
command a part of the town. Jt is di-
vided into two unequal parts, by the
river Amo, over which are four hand-
fonie bridges. The quays, the build-
ings on each fide, and the bridges,
render the part through which the
river runs by far the fineft ; but every
part is full of wonders in the arts of
painting, ftatuary, and archite<5lure.
V\k inhabitants are eftimated at Bo.ooo;
and the environs are beautiful, rich, and
populous. Some of the Florentine
mtrrchants, formerly, were men of great
wealth ; and one of them, in the ipid-
dle of the i5th century, built that no*
3? to
ble fabric* which, from the name of it's
founder* is ftill called the Pa1a27.o
Pitti. It was afterward purchafed by
the Medici family, who made fomc en-
largements ; and it thence became the
refidence of the grand dukes of Tufca-
ny. The Palazzo Vecchio, or old pa-
lace, contains a room 17a feet long and
70 wide, for public entertainments.
The beauties and riches of thefe palaces,
in all that h mafterly in architedture,
literature, and the arts, efpecially thofe
of painting and fculpture, have been
often defcribed ; but, before they were
plundered by the French, in 1800, all
defcription fell fhort of their contents.
The celebrated Venus of Medici, the
ftandard of tafte in female beauty and
proportion, ftood in a room called the
Tribune ; but with other mafterpieces
of fculpture, has been carried away to
Paris. There are other rooms, whofe
contents are indicated by the names
they bear; as the cabinet of arts, of
aftronomy, natural hiftory, medals,
portraits, porcelain, antiquities, &c.
Befide the Medicean library, begun by
Julius de Medici, and greatly augment-
ed by duke Cofmo i, the^e are feveral
other copious libraries, efpecially thofe
in the two Bcnedidine and Carmelite
convents. The Florentine Academy
and the Academia della Crufca were
inftituted to enrich the literature and
improve the language of Tufcany ; the
latter is fo named becaufo it rejefs like
bran all words not purely Tufcan. The
cathedral, the churches, and other pub-
lic buildings, contain paintings and
fculptures by the tirft maftcrs in Italy;
and the chapel of Lorenzo is, perhaps,
the moft expenfive habitation that ever
was reared ror the dead, being incrufted
with precious ftone?, and adorned by
the workmanfhip of tiie btft modern
fculptors. The manufa<f\ures of Flo-
rence are chiefly Alks, fatins, gold and
filver ftufFs, and damaflc tablecloths ;
and it has a confiderable trade in fruits
and excellent wines. In July 1799, the
French troops, then in poflelfion of this
city, were driven out by the inhabitants;
but they re-entered it in Oflober 1800,
and became mafters of all Tufcany.
Florence is 45 miles s of Bologna, and
135 Nw of Rome. I^on. j i 3 e, lat. 43
46 N.
florent, Si. a town of France, in the
department of Mayenne and Loire, with
a. Benediftine abbey ; featcd on the
Loire, ao miles wsw of Angers.
Florniiin, 6'/. a town of France, in
the department of Yonne, at the con-
flux of the Armance and Armanqon,
FLU
i5mneBiTZ of Auxerre, and 80 sB of
Paris.
FtorentinOf one of the three provinces
of Tufcany ; bounded on the vi by the
republic of Lucca and the Modenefe, n
by the Apennines, e by the duchy of
Urbino, and s by the Sieniitfe. It is
well watered, and very fertile. Flo-
rence is the capital.
Flores, an ifland of the £ Indies, 180
miles long and 45 broad, lying to the
E of that of Cumbava. Oa the s fide,
near the e end, is a town named Li-
rantuca. Lon. lai 56 e, lat. 8 20 s.
Flores, a fertile ifland, one of tho
Azores, fo called- from the abundance
of flowers found upon it. Lagens is
the moft populous town, but St. Cruz
is the capital. Lon. 31 o w, lat. 39
34 N. _ .
Florida^ a country of N America, 6oq
miles long and 130 broad ; bounded on
the N by Georgia, e by the Atlar'ic
ocean, s by the gulf of Mexico, and w
by the Mifliflippi. It is divided into
Eaft and Weft Florida ; St. Auguftm
the capital of the former, and Penfacola
of the latter. The country about St.
Auguftin is the moft unfruitful; yet,
even here, two crops of mai/e are an-
nually produced: the banks of the ri..
vers are of a fiiperior quality, and well
adapted to the culture of rice and corn.
The interior country, which is hilly,
abounds with wood of almoft every
kind ; particularly white and red oak,
pine, hiccory, cyprefs. red and whue.
cedar. The intervals between the hilly
parts produce Ipontaneoufly the fruits
common to Georgia and the Carolinas;
and the whole country is valuable, in a
particular manner, for its extenfivc
rangtb for cattle. Florida was dila.-
vered by Scbaftian Cabot, in 149;-.
Having often changed rnafiers, beknig-
ing alLernatcly to the French and Spa-
niards, it was ceded by the latter to the
Englifh in 1763 ; in whofe hands it con-
tinued till 1781, when it was taken by
the Spaniards, and ceded to them in
Fiotif a town of Upper Saxony, in
the principality of Anhalt, fix miles nw
of Zerbft.
Flot7y a town of Walachia, feated on
the Genifla, near its conflux with the
Danube.
Flour, St. a city of France, capital of
the department of Cantal, and a bi-
fliop's fee. Good knives are made here,
and it has a confiderable trade in corn.
It is feated on a mountain, 53 miles s of
Clermont. Lon. 3 6 e, lat. 45 2 s.
^Imhiag, a llrong feaport of Dutch
and 8e st of
f N America, 6oq
lad ; bounded on
by the Atlar'ic
Ipper Saxony, in
lit, fix miles nw
lachia, feated on
juflux with the
FO-K
Zealand, in the ifland of Walcheren, on
the N fide of the Weftem Scheldt, the
entrance of which it defends. It has a
good harbour, and a great canal, runs
through the town, which is deep
enough to admit loaded veflels. The
(ladthoufe isa fuperb building, after the
model of thnt at Amfterdam. Flufliing
has agreat foreign trade. It furrcndered
to the French in 1795, and is four miles
6sw of Middleburg. Lon. 3 34 e, lat.
51 26 ».
flusliinf!, a town of New York, in
Queens county, Long Ifland, fituate on
the s fide of Hell-gate, feven miles £ by
N of New York.
F'lclmverSf a town of Scotland, be-
l;)nging to Miirraylhire, though feated
on the K fide of the river Spey. It is
eight miles e by s of Elgin, and aa w
offlauff.
Fochia, ;i feaport of Afiat'c Turkey,
in Natolia, with a caftle. The Vene-
tians beat the Turkifli lleet near this
place, in i6^c. It is feated on the gulf
of Smyrna, at the influx of the Hernuis,
18 miles NW of Smyrna. Lon. a6 39 e,
lat. 38 44 N.
Ffidwavy a town of Hungary, feated
on the Danube, oppnfite Colocza.
Fugaras, a town and caftle of Tran-
fylvania, on the river Alauta, 30 miles
KEof Hermanftadt.
Fojr-^in, a town of Naples, in Capi-
tanati. It is a ftaple for corn and wool,
and feated near the Cerbero, lo miles
6W of Manfredonia.
Fu^lin, a river of Italy, which riles on
the confines of Tufcany, cronVt; tlic*
duchy of Uibino, and enters the gulf of
Venice, at Pclaro.
Foglisso, n town of Piedmont, five
miles NW of Chivas, and 13 w of Crel-
contino.
F:)fr(i. See Fuego.
i'ohr, or /'-;/(/, an ifland of Denmark,
about 12 miles in ciicumlert;ncc, near
the coalt of Slefwick. ' Lon. 831 e, lat.
54 44 ^"•
F<i'n, a latf; province of France, ad-
joining tlie Pyrenees. It now forms,
with Couferans, the department of
Airiege.
Foi.w a town of France, c.ipital of the
ilepnrtment of Arriege. Here is a ma-
iiufa^^uie of cosrfe woollen cloths, and
Tome copper-mills. It is feated on the
Arriege, 42 miles s by e of Touloufe.
I-on. I 35 E, lat. 43 o N.
Fo-ktn, aprovince of China, bounded
on the N by Tche-kiang, w by Kiang-
ii,s by Quangrtong, and k by the China
'<;'a; The climate is warm ; and yet the
airisfo pure, that no contagious difeafes
F O N
ever prevail. It produces mufk iri
abundance, precious ftones, quick iilvcr,
iron, and tin j alfy gold and lilyer, but
it is forljidden to diij for thtf«. It has
fine plains ; and induflry fertilizes even*
the mountains, the greater part of which
are cut itjto terraces, rifuig above each
other. Its valleys are watered by fprings
and rivers from the mountains, which'
the huibandman dillributes, with great
fkill, to refrcfh his rice : he has even
the art to raife his water to the tops of
the mountains, and to convey it from
OHC fide to anoth'.r, by pipes made of
bamboo. The people fpeak a different
language in moll of the cities, each of
which has its particular dialeft. The
language of the mandarins is that which
is fpoken every where ; but few under-
ftand it in this province: however, it
produces a great number of literati. It
contains nine cities of the firft, and 60
of the third clafs. Fou-tchcou is the
capital.
Fu/ignoy a town of Italy, in the duchy
ofUmbria, famous for its fvveetmeats,
paper-mills, and lilk manufadures. It
is feated on the fide of a mountain, near
a fertile plain, 69 miles n of Rome.
Lon. ij 24 E, lat. 4J 48 N.
Folkiugnani, a town in Lincolnfhirtf,
with a market on Thurfday. Here are
the ruins of an ancient callle. It is
feated on a rifing ground, 18 miles wsw
of Bofton, and 106 n of London.
F)'l,'isfniic,a town in Kent, with a
market on '1 hurfday. It had once five
churches, of which four have been de-
itroycJ hy the incurlions of'the fea.-The
iniiabitaiiis are chiefly employed in
filhing. Dr. Wm. IJarvey, the far-
famed difcovertr of the circulation of
the blood, was born hero in 1578. It
i^ a member of the port of Dover, go-
verned by a mayor, and .1 little to the
w is Sandgate caftle, built, by Henry
V M I . It is leated on the Englilh chan-
nel, eight jniles sw of Dover, and 7j
h by s of London.
Fundi, a town of Naples, in Terra di
Lavoro, feated in a fertile plain, near a
lake of its name, 4: miles nw of Capua,
and 50 sii of Romi.-.
Foug-tsiayig, a city of China, in the
province of Chen-li. Its diltritft con-
tains eight cities of the fecond and third
clafs. It is 560 miles .sw of Peking.
Lon. 106 57 E,lat. 34 36 N.
Fong.yuiig, a city of China, in the
province of Kiang-uan. It inolof'es with-
in its walls feveral fertile little hills ; and
its jurifdidion coinprehends (ivc cities
of the fecond and 13 of the third clafs.
It is feated una tnuuntaiu, which han^$
..■ «.
FOR
over the VcIIow river, 70 miles ne of
l^an-kiug. Loti. ji6 58 £« lat. 32
52 v.*
Fon.*, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Lot, five milvs nw of Fi-
{;eac.
Fontainllean, a town of France, in the
department of Seine and Marne, cele-
brated fur its fine palace, a hunting feat
of the late kings of France. It ftands
in the midft of a forell, 35 miles sse of
Paris.
Fontaine PJive^nr, a town of the
Netherlands, in the territory of Liege,
fix miles w of Charleroy.
Fonfanctto^ a town of Piedmont, feven
mites B of Crefcentino.
Fontarabiot a feaport of Spain, in
Bifcay, on the frontiers of France, from
which it is feparated by the river Bi-
daffba, which forms a harbour at its
mouth, in the bay of Bifcay. It (lands
on a peninfula, at the foot of the Pyrc-
ntan mountains, and is fo (trong both by
nature and art as to be accounted the
key of Spain on that fide ; but it op n-
cd its gates to the French, in i"94. It
is 21 miles sw ofBayoimt, and 6: E by
N c' Bilboa. Lwi. i j6 w, lat. 43
FontellOf a town of Portugal, in
Beira, (ix miles me oi'Lamego.
Fontenay le Comte, a town of France,
capital of the department of Vendee.
It has a woollen manufa(5tur''- and its
fairs are famous for cattle, i; > ^ k'.ted
on the Vendee, 25 miles ne of Ru«.:i)al!(.%
and 55 w by s of Poitiers. Lon. c 54
w, lat. 46 30 X.
Fonhnoy, a village of the Netiie.
lands, in Hainault, four miles sr. of
Tournay. It is celibrated for a bat-
tle between the allies and the French
in 1745, in which the former were
worftcd.
FoHlcvraudy a town of France, in the
department of Mayenne and I.oiro.
Here is a famous abbey, in the church
of which fevcral kings and queens of
France lie interred. It is feven miles sk
of Saumer.
/*'">", an in.ind of Denmark, on the
w coaft of S Jutland, between thofe of
Syl .ind Nordllrand. It is of an oval
form, 2o miles in circumference, and
'.*!c chief place is Utt rfen. Lon. 8 jo
» lat. 3T 48 N.
'<oreu:(iAcr, a town of France, in the
f •fAirtnitiit of Lower Alps, fei»*°d on a
ij4ll, by ti.e river l.aye, 30 miles ne of
..*.ix.
F'li .finm, a ftrong town of Fraiiconia,
' -he principality of Bamberg, with a
s !♦; ail Mdl. It furrendcrcd to the
FOR
French in 1796, but the Auftriaiiicom.
pelled them to abandon It foon after-
ward. It is ft_ted at the conflux of the
Wifent and Jlednif/^ 16 miles sse of
Bamberg.
Fordinghridge, a town in Hampfhirf.
with a market on S atorday, and a ma-
mifaflure of checks and bed-ticks-
feated on the Avon, 10 miles s of
Salisbury, and 88 w by s of London.
Foret a borough of Ireland, in W
Meath, now a poor place, 12 miles n of
MuUengar.
Forelandt Nmth^ a promontory of
Kent, the b point of the iflc of Thancl.
It is the moft fouthcrn part of the port
of London ; and a line thence cxteiidtd
N, to the point called the Kafe, in
EIFcx, forms the mouth of the 7 hamcs.
Here is a round brick tower, near 80
feet high, erected by the Triiiity-houfe
for a iieamark. Lon. 1 2n e. Lit u
22 N. " ■^
Foreland, South, a prcmcf^tttry of
Km, forming thesE point if ^. i^jland.
it is called Sou'h, inrcQ/f A to i'ti hear-
hig from tlie other Forel,?nd, v, T,.-,] is j ,
miles to the n. Btlwcn tiicfe two
capes is the noted vo:'..?, called the
Do-A-ns.
Forest 'fcwfi.,, four tov of Suabia,
in Rrifgau, Tituatc x ;i the : ., :,<; and thi
confines of S.vi'^ r' .;».,, ju Uje .'ntra'u-f
of the Bir.ck Fo.ch. Theirnames are
Waklfchut, Lau:'enburg> Seckingen,
and Rhtinfelden.
Farcts, a new dt partmf nt of France.
co\:;.-ining the late duchy of Luxein
i-HU , except the nw pa,)', which is in-
tii;tied in the dep.'.rtmcin of Sambr( md
Meiife,. The cip ial is Luxf mburg.
Fore:, a late province of FraiKc,
iKumdeii on thd w by Auver^ne, .> by
Veiny ar,d the Vivarais, e by the L' on-
ois, and n by Burgundy. It is vvalmd
by the Loire, and fcveral othi.'r ftrcams,
and has feveral mines of coal and iron.
It now forms the department Loire.
For/'ai; a borough of Scotland, ca-
pital of Aiiguslhire. Jt contains many
neat modern houfes, and has maniifac-
tuns of coarfe Ijncns and Ihocs. In
1801, the number of inhabitants wis
5 1 6.S- It is fituate in an exttnlivc pl.nn,
14 miles N by E of Dundee. Lou. ;
J2W, lat. 5637 N.
Fnrjarshirp. gee Aiii:^u^shire.
For!},rs^ a town of France, in the de-
partment of Lower Seine, cclebratal
for its mineral waters. It is 24 miles
NE of Rouen.
Forli, a tJiwn of Italy, in Romagna,
with a caftle, ten churches, and many
convents ; feated in a fertile countr)',
ton
tinr the river Rones, 1 1 miles ssw of
Ravenna. ...
Formosa, an idand in the China fea,
lying bttween iig and laa e Ion. and
38 and 25 » i tt. and feparated from the
provinw ot" Fo-kit-n, in China, by a
chiuinel about 8o milcn where narrow-
tih It i» aSo miles from n to s, and 70
in its broatJeft part, but is greatly con-
tradltd at the s extremity. It is fiib-
jeft to the Chinefe, who, notwithftand-
iiig its proximity and li/.e, did not
kn.J.v of ite exiftence till the year 1430.
A chain of mountains, running its
whole length, divides it into two parts,
the E and w. The Dutch built the
fort of Zealand, in the w part, in
1614- Ihey were driven thence, in
i()ji, by a Chinele pirate, who ihade
liimftlf mafter of all the w part. In
168:, the whole ifland fubmitted to the
emperDr of China. It contains exten-
livc and fertile plains, watered by a
cicat number of rivulets from the
mountains. It produces abundance of
corn and rice, moft of the Indian fryits,
many of thofe of Europe, tobacco,
fugar, pepper, camphire, and cinnamon.
Wholelome water is the only thing
wanting in Formofa ; and it is faid,
that every kind of water in it is perni-
cious to Grangers. Tiie inhabitants
rear a great number of oxen, which
they ufe for riding, from a want of
horfcs. In 1781, this fi.ie illand was
overwhelmed, and almolt totally de-
ftroyed, by a furious liurricane and
dreadful inundation of the fea. Tai-
ouang is the capital.
I'orncllo, a town of Naples, in the
Molife, 17 miles w of Molife.
F'/riwoo, a town of Italy, in the duchy
of Parma; near which, in 1495, Charles
VIII of France obtained a victory over
the princes of Italy. It is esglit miles
wsw of Parma.
Forres, a borough of Scotland, in
Murraylhire, neatly built on an emi-
nence, on the tivcr and near the bay of
Findhorn, which is its port. It lias
nianufatflures of linen and thread, .iiid a
valuable falmoii fifhery. A little w of
the town is a column, called Sweno's
ftone, covered with antique fculptuie,
and (aid to have been ercdcd in me-
mory of a vi(5tory obtained over the
Danes, in 1008. Foiie., is 12 miles w
by 8 of Elgin, and 12 k t)f Nairn.
Forstu, a town of Lufatia, with a
caftle. It has manufadnres of woollen
and linen cioths and carpets, and Hands
on a little ifland in the NcifTa, 15 miles
ssw of Gubcn.
Fi>riiivefUura, one of the Canary
FOtJ
iflands, e$ miles in length, and of a terf
irr(»;uhr breadth, conltfting of twapis
ninfulas, joined by an iAhtnus tt tnrtes
in breadth. It produces plenty of
wheat, barley, beeves, and goats. Tfre
w point is in Ion. 14 31 w, lat. s8 4 n.
Forth, a river or Sctland, which
rifes in the rnountain Benlomond, in
Dumbartonfhire, flows e in a (Inuoiw
courfe by Stirling and Alloa, and meets
the German ocean a li|t;le below Alloat
where it forms a noble ^fluary, called
the Frith of Forth. The Forth is navi-
gable for veffels of 80 tons, as far a«
Stirling bridge, and for merchant vefiela
of any burthen as far as Grangemouth,
where there is a commun'cation be-
tween this river and the Clyde, by a
canal. See Canal, Great.
Forlrose, 4 borough of Scotland, ia
RofsOiire, lituatt; on the Murray frith,
nearly oppolite Fort George, to which
there is a regular ferry. It is compofcd
of two towns, Rofemarkie and Chan-
onry; the former a very ancient bo-
rough, and the latter once a bifhop'*
fee. Two fmall parts of the ancient
cathedral remain, one ufed as a buriaU
place, the other as a court-hpufe and
prifon. It is nine miles ssw of Cro-
marty.
Foriroyal, the capital of Martinico,
on the w fide of the ifland, with one of
the beft harbours in the W Indies, de-
fended by a ftrong citadel. Lon. ' ' 9
w, lat. 14 36 N.
Fortroyul, the capital of the illand of
Granada. See St. George.
FoMuiin, a town of Piedmont, v'«h a
citadel, feated on the Sture, 10 nr sm,
oi" Coni.
Fufsr, a town of tho Netlicij-i s, in
Nainiir, lituato between the nnbre
and ivleufc, feven miles sw of r nur.
Fossoiitlu-nup, a town of Ital , m the
ducliy of Urbino, with a caltlc on a
m()un(ain, near the river 'li-tro, 10
miles sK of Urbino.
F'lifsHm, a town of Norway, in the
government of Aggeihuys, noted for
rich mines of Cobalt, 2,S n-\\\t^ \v of
Chriitiania.
Fiit/ieiiti<jn!(, a village in Northamp-
tonfliire, three miles n of Oiindle, ne*r
the river Nen. Here are the niins of a
caftle in which Richard in w,,- borr,
and Mary queen of Scots tried )■ d bo
hcaded. In the church are int'-rred
two dukes of York ; Edward, killed at
Agineourt in France, and Richard, Hain
at Wakefield.
Four, a town of Lower Egypt, feated
on the w branch of the Nile, 25 mile*
SE of Rofctto.
'tJh
F O W
FoufrrrrSy a town of France, in the de-
partment of Ille and Vilnint-, with an
ancienf ca(lle> In 120a, it was taken
b^ John, king of Encrland. It is feate<l
on the Coefnom, 25 inileu ne of Ren-
nc8, and 150 w by s of Paris. '
FoitlOf or Fowla- See Fnla.
I'ouli, or Pholvy, a country of Africa,
extending on the fides of the river Se-
negal about 500 miles from E to w;
the boundaTie8.from n to s are un-
known. It irf'^f^ulous and fertile.
The Fou1ah« are, in general, of a tawny
complexion, though many of them are
entirely black, llome lead a wander-
ing life, and roam about the cu'sntry
with large droves of cows, ftioep, goats,
and horfes : others are dextrous at hunt-
ing wild beads; the teeth ai elephants,
and the fkins of lions, leopards, and
tigers, being articles of trade. Their
arms are bovs and arrows, lances,
fwords, daggers, and occafionally a kind
of fmall fufee. They are praifed by
travellers for their hofpitality: nor is
their humanity in other refpedls lefs
conuiiendablei for, if one of their coun-
trymen have the misfortune to fall into
ilavery, the reft join ftuck to redeem
him I'h-e king of this country is call-
ed the Slratick ; and though he feldom
appears with he badg(;sof majefly, he
ha^ great authority, aad is ns much re-
fpe<5ted as any one on tbt coaft.
Foulness, a fmall iiland on the se
coaft of Eflex, fcparatcd by a narrow
channel from the w part < .■ tiic county.
It has a village, "-'th a "hurch, eight
miles E by N of Ruchford.
Foulsham, a town in Norfolk, with a
market oa Tucfday, jf> miles nw of
Noiwich, and m ne of London.
Four Cdiitin: , Lake of the. See
Waldstcedttr Sea,
Fournrattx Jsland^\, a fm.all ifland in
the Pac fie ocean. Lon. 143 2 w, lat.
17 ns.
Fou-tcheou, a city of China, in Fo-
kirn, and the moft confiderable in that
province, on account of its trade, the
convenience of it« rivers and port, and
the number of its liLerati. It is the re-
fidence of a viceroy, and has under i:s
jurifdidicn nine cities of the third clafs.
ft h 3(S^) miles ne of Canton, and ^70 s
#f Peking. Lon. 11941, lat. 26 4 n.
Fou-tcheoUf a city of China, in Kiang-
fi, formerly one of the moft b«'autiful
cities in Chin?, but almoft ruined by
the invafion of the Tartars. It is 7;?;
miles s of Peking. Lon. 115 56 e. lat.
27 55 N.
Foweii^ or Fawy, a river in Cornwall,
which rifes four miles st of Camelford,
F O Y
paflTcs by Leftwithiel, and enters the
Englifh channel, at Fovvey.
Fowptf, a borougii and feaport in
Cornwall, governed by a mayor, with a
market on Saturday, and a confiderable
trade in the pilchard lilhery. The har-
bour is defemlcd by St. Catharine fort,
on the fumniit of a ftecp pile of rocks,
and an adjoining battery. The ftrects
are fo narrow and with fuch fudden
turnings, that no wheeled carriages can
be admitted. It is feated at the mouth
of the Fowey, 3 a mile.^ .sw of Launcef-
ton, and 239 w by s of London. Lon.
4 2,7 w, lat. 50 19 N.
Fox Islands, a group of inlands in the
Northern Archipelago. They are 16
in number, between the coaft of Kamt-
fchatka and the w coaft of America, be-
tween 5 2 and 55 N lat. Each ifland has
a peculiar name ; but this general name
is given to the whole group, on account
of the great number of black, gray, and
red foxes, with which they abound.
The drefs of the inhabitants confifts of
a cap, and a fur coat tliat reaches down
to their knees : fome wear a cap of a
party-coloured bird-lkin, upon which is
left part of the wings and tail. On the
forepart of their hunting and fifhing
c;..j: they place a fmall board, like a
Ikreen, adorned with the jawbones of
foabears, and ornamented with glafs
beads, wliich they receive in barter
from the Ruflians. 'I'hey feed upca
the flclh of all fortf of fca animals, and
generally eat it raw. The provifion
intended for k?eping is dried without
fait, in the open air. Their weapons
are bows, arrows, and darts ; and, for
dvfencc, they ufe wooden fhields. The
molt perteift equality reigns among
tli<'m : they have neither chiefs nor fur
periors. neither hvvs r.nr punilhments.
They live togetluT in families, and fo-
cieties of fevnal families united, which
foi in what they call a race, wlio, in
cafe of attack iir defence, mutually aid
each other. They have a good fhare of
plain natural fcnfe, but are rather flow
of ur.derftaiiding ; and feom cold and
indifferent in moft of their adtions:
yet, if an injury, or even a mere fiifpi-
cion, roufe them from this phlegmatic
Itate, they become furious and revenge-
ful. The Ruffians call thcfe illands the
Lyifie Oftrova.
Forjhrd, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Mayo, on tjie river Moy,
eight miles v of Caltlebar.
F"i/, Si. 1 town of France, in the de-
partment of Gironde, on the river Dor
dojjne, 38 mil.'S 1; of Bourdoaux.
Foi/crSf or Fyersy a river of Scotlnnt',
.inj enters the
vey.
and feaport ia
a mayor, with a
id a confiderable
heiy. The har-
. Catharine fort,
I'p pile of rocks,
ry. The ftrects
ith fuch fudden
led carriages can
ted at the moulh
i sw of Launccf-
London. Lon.
) of iflands in the
I. Tboy are i6
e coaft of Kamt-
t of ykmerica, be-
Each idand has
this general name
roup, on account
' black, gray, and
:h they abound,
bitanta confifts of
hat reaches down
wear a cap of a
in, upon which is
md tail. On the
iting and fifliing
lall board, like a
the jawbones of
pnted with glafs
receive in barter
Iht-y feed upca
fea animals, and
The provifion
is dried without
Their weapons
darts; and, for
len fhields. The
reigns among
^er chiefs nor fu-
Mr piiniihments.
I families, and fo-
pes united, which
I a race, who, in
Jicc, mutually aid
Ic a good Ihare of
It are rather flow
|l feeni cold and
their adtions:
[en a mere fiifpi-
this phlegmatic
Ions and reveiigc-
thtfe i (lands the
Irelanri, in the
|t)ie river Moy*
lar.
Iiance, in the de-
\r\ the river Dor
[urdeaux.
Ivcv of Scotlant',
F R A
in the county of Invcrnefs, which rifes
a few miles e of Fort Auguftus, and
flows into Loch Nefs. About two miles
before its entrance into the lake is the
Fall of Foyers, one of the highefl; in the
world, being so; l\;et in height, in one
unbroken llream.
luii/r, a river of Ireland, formed by
the conflux of the Fin and the Mourne,
at Liflbrd, in the county of Donegal.
It paflbs by St. Johnftown anil London-
deny, and four mik'8 below expands
into a bay, called Lough Foyle, of an
oval form, 14 miles long and eight
broad, which communicates with the
ocean by a fhort and narrow (trait.
Fuz, a town of Portugal, in Alentejo,
fitiiate at the conflux of tlie Zaras with
the Tajo, 24 miles ni: of Lifbon.
Fuz, a town of France, m tlie depart-
ment of Var, four miles ne of Barjols.
Ficigd, a town of Spain, in Arragon,
ftrong by litnatior, liaving the river
Cinca before it, whofi; high banks are
ilifficult of accefs, and at its back a lull,
which cannot ealiiy be approached with
cannon. Alphonfo vn, king of Arra-
gon, was killed here by the Moors, in
1134, when he belieged this town. It
is 63 miles Est: of Saragofla. Lon. o 24
Fjlat. 41 28 N.
JF^agnino, a town of Naples, in Prin-
cipato IJlteriore, eight miles n of Bene-
vento.
Fiagoas, 3 town of Portug.il, in Ef-
tromadura, feven miles s\v of Santaren.
Frnniliigliam, a town in SutTolk,
with a market on Saturday. It has the
remains of a caftle. To this place the
princeA- Mary retired, when lady Jane
Grey was proclaimed queen ; and iiere
fliu found that powerful fupport, which
foon fcated her on the tin-one. It is 30
miles E of Bury, and 87 ne of London.
Fra/icutilhi, a town of ISfaples, in
Terra de Otranto, with a trade in oil,
cotton, ftockings, and fnufF, 15 milts
t.vE of Tare n to.
Franraiilla, a town of Naples, in Ba-
filicata, on the river Sin j, so miles wsw
ofTurfi.
France, a country of Europe, bound-
ed on the -v by the EnghOi channel and
the Netherlands, e by Germany, awill'
ciland, and Italy, s by the Mediterra-
nean fea and Spnn, and w by the At-
lantic ocean. From the Pyrenees ia
the s, to Dunkirk in the N', its extent is
615 miles; and fomething more from
the moft eafterly part of Alface to the
mod weftern point of Bretagne, which
province, it mult be obferved, extends
.\bove 100 miles furthef. into the ocean
I'un any other part of the country.
F R A
The climate is temperate ; and the (oil
produtJtive of all the neccflaries of life,
and, among its luxuries, of the n^oft ex-
cellent wines. The principal riwrs are
the Seine, Loire, Rhone, and Girond« \
and there are many others, which gave
name to the departments in the new
geographical diviiion of this country.
The moft confiderable mountains are
the Alps, Pyrenees, Cevennes, and Vofr
gcs. France was an ibfolute monarchy,
governed by kingsVtftfca the time of
Clovis, in 486, to therJBfclili of Lewis
XVI, in 1793. It was divi*?d into fe-
vcral military governments or provin-
ces; namely, Altace, Angoumois,
Anjou, Armagnac, Artois, Aunis, Au-
vergne, Barrois, Bafques, Beam, Berry,
Bigorre, Blalois, Boulonnois, Bourbon-
nois, BrclTe, Bretagne, Burgundy, Cam-
bn fis, Champagne, Couferans, Dau-'ii^
phiny, J'ore?, Foix, Franche Comtc,
French Flanders, Galcony, Gevaudan,
Guieinu, French Ilainault, IHc of
France, Langiudoc, Limofin. Lorrain,
Lyonois, Marche, Maine, Marfan, Na-
varre, Nivernois, Norraandv, Orleanois,
Ferche, Perigord, P' uy, Poitou,
Provence, Q.uercy, Ro- gue, Roufil-
lon, Saintonge, Soiflbnnois, Touraine,
Velay, and Vermandois. Thefc varied
much from each other in point of ex-
tent and importance, and there were
others of Itill inferior confideration.
The eftabliditd religion was the Roman
catholic ; and the ecclefiaftical diviiion
of the country was into 18 archbifliop-
rics and 113 epifcopal fees, exclufive of
Avignon, Carpentras, Caivaillon, and
Vailbn, which belonged to the pope.
But in 1789, a vi'onderful ravolution
took place. The deranged ftate of ihtf
finances of the country, had induced
Lewis XVI to convoke, firft an af-
fembly of the notables, and next (on th<*
inefteitual refult of their deliberations)
the fl:ates general, which had not beem,
allembled fince 16 14. They confifted
of three orders ; the nobility, the cler-
gy, and the cimimons The laft were
double the number of the other two
orders when united ; and when the
ftatew aflembled, on the ,>;tli of May, at
Virfailles, a cnnteft aroie, whether the
three orders il ild make thn e diftinft
houfes, or but one <flembly. The
eommoDs inlifted upon the latter, and,
afl"uming the title of the National Af-
fembly, declared, that they were com-
petent to proceed to bulinefs, without
the concuirence of the two other or-
ders, if thsy rcfufed to join thenrt. The
nobilfty and clergy found it expedient
to concc:Ue the poiut^ and they all met
PR A
in one halt. In the mean time, Paris
wan encircled by 50,000 men, with the
apparent view of coercing that city, if
neceflary. Notwithftanding this, on
the removal of the popular minifter, M.
Ncckar, in July, a dreadful infurreftion
enfued, on the 14th of that month, in
Paris; the military rffufed to 6r^^upon
the people; the Ballile was taken by
the citizens, and the governor and fome
others were beheadrid. On the 17th,
the king viiitc^be Hotel de Ville in
Paris, and figAttih-ed himfelf to bis
people. The national aflembly now
proceeded to the moft extraordinary
tneafurrs : they aboliftied nobility, and
the whole feudal fyftem; confifcated
the pofleiliens of the clergy, rendering
them dependent on a public allowance;
and fnpprefled all the religions houfes.
gljrhe monarchy itfelf, diverted of its for-
midable prerogatives, became one of the
moft limited in Europe. In October,
in confequence of a dreadful riot at
Verfailles, the king, the royal family,
and the national aflembly, removed to
Paris. 'I'he king was now, in facl, a
ftate prifoner, treated with the formali-
ties appendant to royalty, but watched
in all his motions. From this fltuation
he attempted to efcape, in June 175)1,
with the quef:n, his filler, the dauphin,
and his daughter; but they were ar-
refted at Varetnies, and conduced back
to Paris. Such, however, was then the
moderation of the popular party, that
the nu'onal aflembly admitted the king's
apolot;*: tical explanation of hiscondufl,
and even declared his ptrfon inviolable.
This was one of the articles of the n(>w
C«nftitution, which they completed fo<in
after, and it waa accepted by the king
in September, when a new national af-
ftmbly was ele<fled. In April 1792,
the king went to the national afft-mbly,
and prop )f(>d to them to declare war
apainft the king of Hungary and Bohe-
9im. War was accordingly declared;
but the king was fufpefled of ading in
concert with the enemy, and with the
emigrant princes, who were in arms
againft their country. In Auguft, the
mayor of Paris appeared before the
national aflembly, and demanded the
depofitioa of the king. Before they
could deliberate on this demand, a
dreadful infurrecjlion (mined ; the Tuil-
hrries (the royal rttidence) was attack-
ed ; the Svvifs jriiards were mafl'acred ;
aitd the king and royal family took re-
fi'ge in the national airembly. That
body inftantly decreed the fufpenfion
Cff royalty, and the convoca' on of a
QaUoiul conventioa. The kir.^ and bis
F ft A
family were conveyed to the Temple,
and there kept in clofe confinement.
The convention met on the aift of Sep.
tember, and Inftantly decreed the for-
mation of a republic. In December,
they decreed, that the king fhould be
tried before them. The trial accord-
ingly took place ; and this tribunal
(notwithftanding the conftitution had
decreed his perfon inviolable) condemn-
ed the unfortunate monarch, who wai
beheaded, in the Place de la Revolution,
lately the Place de Louis xv, on the
aift of January 1 79.:5. All Europe ex-
claimed againft the injuftice and cruelty
of this proceeding. Powers, hitherto
neutral, were eager to take part in the
war ; and the new republic, in addition
to the arms of Auftria, Pruflia, Sardi-
nia, and the empire, had to encoimti r
the combination of Great Britain, Spain,
and Holland. The queen did not long
furvive her confort : being tried and
condemned by the revolutionary tribu-
nal, fhe was executed in the fame place,
on the J 6th of O(flober. Her fate was
a prelude to that of the king's fiftcr,
who was alfo beheaded in the fame
place, on the loth of iMay 1794. The
dauphin and his lifter remained in con-
finement ; where the former became
difeafed with fwcllings, and he died on
the 8th of June 1795 : the princefs was
taken the December following to a
place, near Balil, on the confines of
Gennany. where flic was exchanged for
fome French deputies, who had been
fome time prifoners to the emperor.
Various fa(51:i(,n8 fucceflTively feized tht
helm of government, and, in their turn,
were overthrown ; the prifons were
crowded in every part of the republic ;
the fcaffolds ftreamed, almoft inecllant-
ly, with blood j and many of the moft
popular patriots, and of thofe who had
voted for the death of the king, periflied
on the fcaftbid, or in exile and niilery;
while infutreiflions, profcriptions, and
maflacres, became, in a manner, only
common occurrences. By the eontlu-
fion, however, of the yiar 1794, Uu»
reign of defpotifm and terror gave place
to a n,ore moderate lyftem: and al-
though, at one period, the ihutting up
of churchc-!, and the formation of .1
new calendar (by which the year was
divided into decade's inftead of weeks)
indicated open hollility to the chriftian
religion j the convention found it ne-
ceflary, ;it hl\, to confoiTn fo hr to the
prejudices of the people as to declare
publicly their acknowledgment of a Su-
preme IBeing, and of the immortaHty of
the foul, and to permit again the exer*
IS exchanged for
F R A
clfe of railigious w6rihip ; aboliihing,
however, all clerical diftiiKftions, and
leaving the whole maintenance of the
minifters to the benevofence of th« peo-
ple. With refpe(5t to the war, it may
be fuflicient to ftste, in general, that
after four campaigns, in which great
reverfcs of fortune were experienctd,
tlie French nation before the conclufion
F R A
fian trooips, under general Suwarrovr,
foon after joined the Auftrian army io
Italy, of which that general took tho
command. The fuccefs of the aUi«d
armies was fo rapid and decifive, that
by the end of Auguil the French were
almoft entirely driven out both of Italy
and Swiflerland. But in the latter x
roverfe of fortune took place ; for the
of 1795, were in the «;nt»re poflcflion of rcpublica • armies having been greatly
Savoy, and of the Audi ian and Dutch -"''" ' ' *'-""- -- "— "
Netherlands ; and had made fuch pro-
jrtefs in Holland, Spain, Italy, and Ger-
many, as to procure a peace with
Prudia and Spain, and form an alliance
with Holland. Their commerce, how-
ever, was ruined ; and their finances
were fupported by a vaft emiirion of
compuliive paper cunency, ?and by
plunder and con6fcation: their armies
neverthelefs fought with ardour, and in
1796, under general Bonaparte, fub-
Jued the whole of Lombardy; and,
after the capture of Mantua, penetrated
through the Tyrol, and threatened the
city of Vienna, that the emperor com-
menced a negotiation for peace. In the
mean time the French turned their arms
againft Venice, which government they
revolutionized; and at the conclufion
of the treaty of peace with the emperor
of Germany, iigned at Carapo Formio,
0&. 17, 1797, they ceded the city and
the greater part of the territory to Auf-
tria. In the beginning of 1798, a con-
grefs of deputies from the dates of
Germany met at Rattadt, to negotiate
a peace for the empire, with French
plenipotentiaries appointed for that
purpofc, which came to no final ad-
juftment: but during its continuance
the French obtained pofleflion of
Mentt, forced Ehrenbreitfteia to fur-
render by a blockade, and fent general
Bonaparte with a formidable army into
Egypt; the emperor of Germany funn-
ed an alliance with Huflia; the Turks
declared againft France, on account of
the invsRon of Egypt ; and the flames
of war, which had beon for a lime
fupprelied, burU fotth with n;doubled
fury. The French remonftrated to the
emperor of Germany on the march of
the Ruffian troops, and receiving no
fatisfadory anfwer, palled the Rhine,
under general Jourdan, on March 5,
1799. Hoftilities were ai the fame time
commenced by the Frencti troops in
the Grifon country, where they gained
feveral advantages; but on March 25,
the army under Jourdan fuffered a
complete defeat by the archduke
Charles, near Stockach, and was com-
pelled to recrofs the Rhine. The Ruf-
reinforced, general Maflena, on Sept.
35, at Zurich, totally defeated the
Auftro-Rufllan army, under general
Hotze, who was killed : general Su*
warrow, who had entered the country
from Italy, finding it impollible to join
his defeated allies, retreated over the
mountains into Germany ; and foon af«
terward the Ruffian troops were order-
ed home. The affairs of the republic
in Egypt appeared not profperous, and. •:
general Bonaparte, having found means
to efcape thence, arrived at Paris iit
Odober. He found the authority of
the direiflory was greatly weakened;
and this one man, aided by the bayonets
of a few foldiers, etfedVed another revo-
lution on the loth of November, by
which the diredtory was abolifhed, and
three confuls appointed to govern the
republic. A new confiitution was af-
terward formed, in which the whole of
the executive and almofl all other
power was veftcd in the firft conful,
general Bonaparte. In April 1800, the
campaign in Italy commenced, and for
the moft part, with lofs to the French
till June 14, when Bonaparte, who had
recently arrived, gained a decifive vic-
tory over the Auftrians, at Marengo*
which reinftated them in the full po^ef-
fion of that country. The war in Ger-
many was profecuted with vigour by
the French, who purlued their uicceflet
into the territories of Auftria, where, in
December, they concluded an armiflice
with the emperor; and a treaty of peac«
Wiis figned on the 3d of February, i6oi»
at Luneville. France now endeavour-
ed to negotiate a peace with Great Bri-
tain, the preliminaries of which were
fettled in London on the ift of Odtober,
and the treaty was figned at Amiens on
the 27th of March, i8oj: but this treaty
held little more than a year, the French
detrming it violated by the Englifli re-
fufing to evacuate Malta. Bonaparte
was now appointed conful for life, with
power to nominate his fucctlfor ; but
his ambition afpired to the throne, and
on the zolh of May 1804, at the requeft
of the lenatc, he affiimed the title of
Emperor of the French : and he was
Ihortly afterward crowned by the pope»
F a A
t»ho \va< on!i?rcd to repair to Paris for
that piirpoff. War in Germany was
again rrnewcd in 1805, and the grand
army of the French, hi.'n»1eU by the em-
peror, Napoleon, croilecl tlie Rhine on
tlie id ot Otitobcr. His fiicccft and
rapid progref« were fiich, tint after the
battle of Audtrlitz.'on the :d of Dc
lember, the empeior df Germany was
neccfiifated to ncgoti.ite for peace, and
a treaty between the two emperors was
tigned at Prtfburg on the zdih of tliat
month. In 1806, fcveral of the princes
of Germany entered into an alliance
with France, and a treaty, called the
Confederation of the Rhine, under the
proteiJlion of Bonaparte, was figncd on
the nth of July at Paris. Soon after
the kinp of Priiffia took the field againft
France and thefe princes; ti)e oppoling
armies met near Jena, and the Frencti
\vere vidtorious. A Ruffian army ad-
vanced to affift the Prulfians, but, in
1807, their imited forces were defeated
at Fricdland, whioh battle was dccilive,
and on the gth of July a treaty of peace
was figned at Tillit. The French na-
tion, after fheddinj^ rivers of blood, and
fufTering the grtnleft: calamities for the
abolition of royalty, has now returned
to the point from which it fct out, and
fubmitted to the fame, or a ftill more ar-
bitrary form of jrovtrnment. However,
the Roman catholic religion was re-
eitablifhed in France, by a convention
between the pope and the firfl conful,
dated September 10. 1801; and the ec-
clefiaflical divifion of the country is
into 10 archbiflioprics and $0 bifhop-
rics. The proteftant religion is alfo
tolerated ; and the new calendar was
abolifhcd at the clofe of the year 1805.
Whether the French empire will be
permanent, or the ancient order of
things reftored, it is neceffary to notice
the prefent geographical ftate of the
country. Franc*?, then, was divided
into 83 departments, nearly equal in ex-
tent, inftead of the ancient military pro-
■vinces; and thefe departments were
fubdivided into diftri<5ls, cantons, and
municipalities. The names of the de-
partments arc Ain, Aifne, Allier, Alps
Upper, Alps Lower, Ardeche, Arden-
nes, Arriege, Aube, Aude, Aveiron,
Calvados, Cantal, Chiirente, Charentc
Lower, Cher, Correze, Cote d'Or, Cotes
du Nord, Creufe, Dordogre, Doubs,
Drome, Eure, Eure and Loir, I' inifterre,
Card, Garonne Upper, Gers, Gironde,
Heraiilt, Indre, Indre and Loire, Ifere,
Ille and Vilaine, Jura, Landes, Loir
and Cher, Ldire, Loire Upper, Loire
JLoweri Loirct) Lot, Lut and Garonnej
F R A
Lozcfe, Mayenne, Mayennc and Loire
iVIanche,Marne, Marnetlpper, Meurthc'
Meufe, Morbihan, Mofclle, Nord,'
Ni"vre, Oili-, Ome, 1 atis. Pas de Ca'
Inis, Puy de Dome, Pyrenees Upper,
Pyrenees Lower, Pyrenees Knflfrn,
Rhine Upper, Rhine Lower, Rhone',
Rhone (Mouths of the), Saone Uppir
S.ione and Loire, Sarte, Seine and Oife,
Seine Lower, Seine and Marne, Sevres
(Two), Somme, Tarn, Var, Vcmii-e,
Vicnne, Vienne Upper, V'ofgcg, ap^j
Yonne. All thefe departments appear
in this work; and the account of tlie
late provinces are ftill retained. They
conflitute the original territory of
France, and the population of tlum
is 27,900,000. The countries that the
ambition of the government has lincc
annexed to its former territory are Cor-
fica, Savoy, Piedmont and a finall part
of the Milanefe, the bifhopricof Bnfil,
the territories of Avignon and Gcnevn,
the counties of Vcnaiflin and Nice, the
Netherlands, and all the German terri.
tory vveftward of the Rhine. Thefe
countries are divided into a6 depart-
ments ; namely, Alps Maritime, Dyie,
Forets, Golo, Jemappe, Ivrea, Lcman,
Liamone, Lis, Marengo, Meufe Lower,
Mont Blanc, Mont Terrible, Mont
lonnere, Nethes (Two), Ourthe, Po,
Rhine and Mofelle, Roer, Sambie and
Meufe, Sarre, Scheldt, £ la, Stura,
'Janaro, and Vauclufe. This acquili-
tion of territory makes an addition to
the above population of France of
v,roo,ooo. In 1808, the towns of KchI,
CafTel, and Wefel in Germany, and
Flufhing in Holland, were annexed to
France. Paris is the metropolis.
France, Isle of, a late province of
France, fo called, becaufe it was bound-
ed by the rivers Seine, Marne, Oife,
Aifne, and Ourque. It now forms the
four departments of Oife, Seine and
Oife, Seine and Marne, and Paris.
France, Isle of, or Mauritius, an ifland
in the Indian ocean, 400 miles t of Ma-
dagafcar. It was difcovered by the
Portuguefe; but the firft who fettled
here were the Dutch, in 1598. 'Ihey
called it Mauritius, in. honour of prince
Maurice, their ftadtholder ; but, on their
acquilition of the Cape of Good Hope,
they deferted it ; and it continued un-
fettled till the French landed here in
1 7 so, and gave it the name of one of
the fineft provinces in France. It is 150
miles in circumference. The climate is
liealthy; but the foil not very fertile.
There are many mountains, fbme of
which are fo high, that their tops are
covered with fnow; they produce the
FR A
beft ebony In the world. The vaHeys
are well watered with riven, and are
made rery produdive by cultivation, of
which indigo it the principal obiefl.
The town and harbour, called Port
Louis, are ftrongly fortified ; but in the
hurricane months the harbour cannot
afford fhelter for more than eight veflels.
Here are large ftorehoufcst and every
thing neceflary for the equipment of
fleets. Lon. S7 38 E, lat. 20 10 s.
tranche Comptct a late province of
France, bounded on the k by Lorrain,
E by Alface and Swiflerland, w by
Burgundy, and s by Brcfle. It is 125
miles long and 80 broad, and abounds
in com, wine, cattle, horfes, mines of
iron, copper, and lead. It now forms
the three departments of Doubs, Jura,
and Upper Saone.
FrancAemontt a town of the Nether-
lands, in the territory of Liege, 1 2 miles
i>E of Liege.
I'ranciade. See Denjs, St.
Fnmij, St. a river of Brafil, which
runs NE aid then se till it enters the
Atlantic in lat. 11 20 s. It has a num«
ber of towns and fettlements^ chiefly
on its head waters.
Irancijco, St. a feaport of New Al-
bion, capital of a jurifdiAion of its name,
with ^ citadel. Lon. 1 22 8 w, lat. 38
18 N. '-.
Francois, Cape, a city and feaport,
capital of the w part of Hifpaniola.
Before the dreadful commotions that
tnfued after the French revolution, it
contained 8000 inhabitants, whites, peo-
ple of colour, and flaves; but in 1793,
the Negros, fupported by the Mulattos,
enttred the town and maflacred all the
white people. It (lands on the n fide
of the iiland, 150 miles nw of St. Do-
mingo. Lon. 72 18 w, lat. 19 46 n.
Franconia, a circle of Cemany,
bounded on the m by Upper Saxony, E
by Bohemia and the palatinate of Bava-
ria, s by Suabia, and w by the circles
of the Rhine. The middle is fertile in
corn, wine, and fruits ; but the borders
are full of woods and barren mountains.
This country was overrun by the French
in 1796, and again in 1800. The Franks,
\vho conquered France, came from this
province, and gave their name to that
country.
Franeier, a town of Holland, in
Friclland, with a caftle and a univcrfity.
The public buildings and palaces are
magnificent, and it has two navigable
canals. It is nine miles w of Lewarden.
Frankenau, a town of Germany, in
Upper Heflc, 26 miles sw of CalTel.
Franktnberg,, a town of Upper Sax-
FR A
cmy, in Mifnia, with a confiderable
nr-atiufiidlure of w0i6Uen ftuffi, feven
miles NNE of Chemnitz.
Frankenbal, a town of France, in the
department of Mont Tonnere, lately
of Germany, in the palatinate of the
Rhine. It has rich manufadures of
ftuffn, filks, cloths, &c. and a canal to
the river Rhine. It was taken by the
French in 179?, and retaken by the
allies in 1^94. It is I'eatcd two miles w
of the Rhme, and feven s of Worms.
Frankenhauien, a town uf Upper Sax-
ony, in Thuringia, with fume extcnfivc
falt-works ; fituate on a branch of the
Wipper, 26 miles n of Iirfurt.
Franierutein, a town of France, in the
department of Mont Tonnere, lately of
Germany, in the palatinate of the Rhinct
nine miles se of Kaylvrnautem.
Frankenstein, a town of Silefia, in the
principality of Muniterberg, on the river
Bautze, 12 miles wsw of Munfterberg.
Franiforti the capital of the ftate of
Kentucky, and in Franklin county. It
is regularly laid out, and ftands on the
right bank of the Kentucky, 60 nules
from its conflux with the Ohio, 82 ssw
of Cincinnati, and 430 w by s of Wafli-
ington. Lon. 85 jo w, lat. s8 10 n.
Frank forty a town of Virginia, capital
of Pendleton county, fituate on the s
branch of the Potomac, 140 miles mw
of Richmond.
Frankfort on the Maine, a fortified
city of G(;nnany, in Wetteravia, on the
confines of Franconia. It is divided bv
the river Maine into two parts, which
communicates by means of a fton'e
bridge; the larger part, on the n fide*
is called Frankfort, and the fmaller
Sachfenhaufen. it contains feveral pa-
laces and courts belonging to princes
and counts; and here the king qf the
Romans is eledled and crowned. The
chief itruAure is the townhoufe, ia
which is preferred the golden bull, the
origin of the fundamental laws of the
empire. All religions are tolerated at
Frankfort, under certain reftridions;
but Lutheranifm is the eftabliihed faith;
though the principal church i^ in the
poflclTion of the Roman catholics. The
Jews live together in a long narrow
ftreet, feparated from the other citizens
by a high wall. Frankfort is one of
the moft commercial places in Europe*
and has two great fairs every year. It
was taken, in 1759, by the French, who
evacuated it in 1763; and it has been
feveral times taken and retaken by the
French and Auftrians, in the late wars.
It is 18 miles ene of Mentz, and 350
WNW of Vienna. Lon. 8 32 k, lat. <o 7 n.
R
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F R A
franhfort on the Oder^ a town of
B*an(l«nlwrK* >i^ ^^ Middle . .ark> with
a famous univeriity and a noble acade-
my. It has tliret: great fairs, and the
cxelufive rig|;tt of navigation ap the
Oder to Breflau. Here art twofuhuT4>8»
called Lebus and Guben, and a bridge
1^ \ over the Oder, hi r759, it was taken
by the RufliaAs and Auflrians, and in
1806, it fell into the hands of the French.
It is 45 miles B by » 6f Berlin* and 72 s
of Stettin. Lon. 14 39- b, lat. $3 23 N*.
Frank^md Islands, a clufter of illands
in the Pacific ocean, on the he coaft of
New Holland. Lon. 146 o e, lat. 17
■ Franklin, Fort, a fort of P^nnfylvania,
in.Alu-gany county, eredted in 1787 on
the-4^11egany, at the influx of French
.cr^^'70 miles N of Pittfburg. Lon.
80 4 w, lat. 41 23 N.
FrankttMvn, a town of Pennfylvania,
in Huntingdon cc:'»»*y, fituate on the
f lankftown branch of the Juniatta, 20
miles w by » of HtintiDgdon.
Fran^uemont, a town of Swiflerland,
in the bifhopric of Bafel,' fe^ed on the
Doubr, 16 miles n of Ne\ichatel, and 23
w of Soleure. »
Franzburg, a town of Hither Pomera-
nia, 14 miles ssw of Stralfund.
Frascati, a town of Italy, in Campag^
na di Roma, feated on the fide of &
woody mountain. It is a bifliop's fee,
always poflelTed by one of the fix eMeft
cardinals; and in its neighbourhood are
fame of the moft ma^iBcent villas in
.Italy. The ancient city of Tufculum
is fuppofed to have ftood above Frafca-
ti; and between the nuns' and the town,
it is generally beWeved, was the Tufcu-
Janum of Cicero, where fonve Greek
monks in the nth century, built a con-
vent on the ruins of his houle. Fralca-
ti is 12 mUeat se of Rome.
Fraterburgt a town of Scotland, in
Aberdeenfhire, with a fmall but excel-
lent harbour, and a manufa^ure of li-
uen yam. It is feated (mi the German
•cean, a Uttle s of th« point of Kinnaird
Head, and 38 miles n of Aberdeen.
Lon. 1 47 w, lat. 57 28 w.
Frauenbrun, a towii of Swifierland,
in the canton of Bern, which takes its
name from a cekbriated monaftery, fevcn
mik'8 K of Bern.
Frautnhurg, a town of W Prufll i, in
the palatinate of Marienburg,' on the
Frifch Haff, 14 miles ne of Elbing.
Fraurnfeld, a town of Swiflerland,
capital or the canton of ITiurgau, with
- a Kt»)d caftte. It is feated -on an emi-
nence, by the river Murg, 19 miles ne of
Z-Mi Jch. Loo. 8 ya w, lat. 47 ^i n.
of
F R E
Ffauenstetn, a town of Upper S«t«
cay, in Mifliia, on the river Boberiich,
ao mile» ssw of Oreiden.
Fraustadt, a town of Poland, in the
palatinate of Pof«n, which haft r. great
trade in wool and oxen- Neai* this town
a battle wa« gained by the Swedes over
the Saxons, in 1:^06. It ihinds on the
frontiers of SilcRa, 20 mile* nw of Glo.
gau, and 55 saw of Pofea.
Fredeburg, a town of the duchy of
Weftphalia, on the rivW Wenne, 23
miles 9SE of Arenfberg.
Fredeyieay a town of the ftatc
Georgia, in Glynn county, and on the
w fidt of St. Simon ifland, with a fafe
and commodiGUft harbour, 64 miles sw
of Savanna. Lon. 8b 56 w, lat. 31 6 k.
Freder'usbur^, a town of Further Po-
merania, 23 miles N of Stargard, and 33
saw of Coiberg.
Fredericsburgf » town of Denmark,
in the ifle of Zealand, with a caftle and
palacs, 15 miles nw of Copenhagen.
Frederic 5 burg, a town of Virginia, ca-
pital of Spotfylvania county, and a
place of confiderable trade. It is fituate
on the s fide of the Rappahannoc, 50
miles ssw of Alexandria. Lon. 77 4*
W, lat. 38 12 N.
Frtdericsburg, A Daniih fort, on the
Oold-coaft of Guinea, near Cape Three-
points, ai'^ miles wsw of Cape Coaft
Caftle. Lon. i 5 w, lat. 4 30 ir.
FredericshaU, a feaport of Norway,
in the province of Aggerhuys, fituate at
the mouth of the river Tifte, in a bay call-
ed the Swinefnnd. The harbour is fafe
and commodious; but the large quanti-
ty of faw-duft brought down the river,
from the difl^rent faw-mills, occafions
an annual expence to clear it away.
On the lummit of a rock, which over-
hangs the townj ftands the hitherto im-
pregnable fortrefs oif Fredericftein; at
the fiegc of which, in 17 18, Charles X(i
of Sweden was killed by a miifket ball.
It is 3 1 mites 9b of Chriftiana. Lon. 10
55 E, lat. 59 12 K.
FredMejkam, a town and fortrefs of
Rufita, in CareKa. It is neatly built,
the ftreets going off like radii from a
centre. Here, in 1783, an interview
was held between the emprefs of Ruflia
and the king of Sweden. It is feated
near the gulf of Finland, 68 miles wsw
of Wiburg. Lon. 28 i8-e, lat. 60 36 n.
Fredericstadt, a tovm of Norway, in
the province of Agnerhuys, and the
moft ivgular fortrew in this part of
Norway. < It has a confiderable trade
in deal timber, and is feated on the
Glomme, 26 miles w of Fredericfliall.
B^ederitstadh a townot J)enmaric,ia
Upper S»t«
!f Bobcrilcb,
oland, m the
b has r, great
eat* this town
; Swedes over
hindt on the
» NW of Olo<
■
the duchy of
r Wenne, 13
• the ftatc 0?
f , and on the
1, with a fafe
•f 64 miles sw
w, lat. 31 6 N.
of Further Po-
:arcrardi and 33
of Denmark,
ith a caftle and
openhagtm.
of Virginia, ca-
routity, and a
le. It is fituate
ppahannoc, 50
,. Lon. 77 4»
ifti fort, on the
>arCapeThree-
of Cape Coaft
. 4 30 N.
»rt of Norway,
rhuys, &tuateat
[fte, in a bay call'
harbour is fafe
\c large quanti*
lown the river,
.iills occafions
[Clear it away,
k, which over-
;he hitherto im-
..'dericftein; at
i», Charles xii
anmllketball.
liana. Lon. 10
land fprtrefsof
f B neatly luilt,
radii from a
I an interview
hprefs of Ruffi*
\. It is feated
J 68 miles wsw
Ie, lat. 60 }6 N.
1 of Norway, in
puys, and the
'1 this part of
iderabk trade
Seated on the
Fredericfl»«ll»
f Denmark, itt
PR E
S^^Jufljiin*!, feated at, the conflux of the
'I'ren with the Eyder, 17 miles sw of
SleiWicIt.
Fredtrictowrii a town of JMaryland,
capital of Frederic county.'with four
edifices for public worlhip. Jt has a
cfc.jfulcrable traue with the back coun-
try, and is fituate'near the Monocacy,
47 miles w by rf of Balfimore. Lon.
77 -^6 w, lat. 39 a6 N.
Freder'ictownt the capital of New
Brunfwick, on th^ river St. John, which
is thus far navigable for floops, 90 miles
above thR city of St. John. Lon. 66 30
w, lat. 46 20 N.
Freehold^ or Monmouthy a town of
Newjei-fey, chief of Monniouth coun-
ty. Here in 1778, general Waihington
attacked fir Henry Clinton on his retreat
from Philadelphia, and the latter loft
300 men. It is 20 miles s by e of
Bruflfwick, and 30 e of Trenton.
Freeporu a town of the diftri({l of
Main, in Cumberland county, (ituate at
the head of Ca(b6 bay, 10 miles ne of
Portland.
Freetown^ a feaport of Guinea, ca-
pital of the colony of Sierra Leone.
The harbour has three wharfs, and ' is
protected by a" battery. It ftands on
the s fide of the river Sierra Leone,
near its ehtranc'e into the Atlantic
ocean. Lon. la 56 w, lat. 8 30 n.
Frehel, a cape of France, in the"tle-
partment oFCotesdu Nord, 13 miles w
of St. Malo. Lon. 2 15 w, lat. 48
41 N.
Frejus, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Var. By the Romans it
was called Forum Juliij and bad then
a port on the Mediterraneati, froa^
which it is no\\^ two miles. It is the
birthplace of that great Roman g;eneral
and philofopher Agricola ; and near it
fome fine remains of antiquity* are ftill
vifiblie. It is feated near the river Ar-
gens, in a moraf^ 40 ipiles ne of Tou-
lon. I^n. 6'44 £, lat. 43 a6 '^•
Frenay U Ficomte, a town ofFrartce,
in the departhlent of S^e, nine miles
ssw of Alen<;on.
FfeUdtnberg^Si tdwn of FVail<:0nia,0(i
the river Mafae, three mlleb w bf^
Wcrtheim.
Freudfhbergt a town of Wcftphalia,
in the county of Hoya, 13 miles s by w
of Bremen^
Fre iJhutadt,iKtfit\gt<)Wn of Suabia.
in theBlack Poreft; bUilt to dcfchd the
paflfage into that foreft, Ih 1796, it was
taken by the French. It is aj miles
ISE of Baden.
Fttudenthal^ a ^bwn of Silefia, in the
ptiticipaiity' of IVoppSUi celebrated for
Its Sreed of horfes, and manu&^ure <tf
fine linen ; ^at^d near the Mohra, 44
miles w of Trbppaij. ;. '. ;
Freybergt a town of Opper Saxony,
in Mifnia, with a caftle. In the en,,
virons aie mines of copper, tin, lead,
and filvef, which employ a great nunv-
ber of workmen.. Here is the ufual
burying-placc of the princes of th«
houfe of Saxony. It is fituate on a
branch of the Muldau, 15 mileg sw of
Drefden. Lon. 13 aa w, lat. 5056 n.
Freifber-gt » town of Moravia, in the
circle of Olmutz, 16 miles sw of Tef-
chen. and 48 £ of Obnutz.
Freifburgt a town of Silefia, near the
" ifnf
Schwcidnitz.
river Polmitz, feven miles nw of
Freyensteitt, a town of Brandenburg^
in the mark of Pregnitz, on the fron-
tiers of Mecklenburg, aa miles n E<of
Perleberg.
Freyenwaldet a town of Brandenburg-,
in the Middle mark, near which are
mineral fprings and extenfive aluni
works. It is feated on the Oder, 36
miles NE of Berlin. _^^
Freysingeti, a town of Bavaria^fjio
pital of a principality (late bifliopric)
of the fame name. The cathedral ^kI
palace are beautiful ftrutflurcs. It was
taken by the French in 1796. It i4
feated on a mountain, near ,the licr,
20 miles NNE of Munich. Lon< 11 50
E, lat. 48 ai N. ,
Frtyitadty a town of Germany, in
the county of C'atzenellenhogen, near
the Rhine. 16 miles vvnw ofbarnifliadt.
Freystadtt a town of Hupgary, with
a caftle, feated on the Waag« oppefi'te
Leopoldftadt.
Freystadtt a town of Moravia, in the
principality ofTefohen, with a caftle.
on the river Ella, eight miles n'nw' ot
Tefchen.
Preyjtet, a town of SHefia, inthe
pt-iticipairty of Glogau.witli an ancieiit
caftle, 14 iniTes Nc° of sagah.
Fr<y staff a town ofAuftria, whtcK
has a gr^at trade in wbrfted', 17 miles K
ofEjns.
Friast a town of Spain^ in Old Caf-
tile, feated on^^'^lT, near the river
E^bro, 33 miles Bi*E of Burgos* -
Friburg, one of the cantons of Swif-
ferland, furrounded on all fides by the
canton of Bern. It is fertile In corn,^
fruits, and paftures; and the che^fe'
made in tfiis canton is deemed the beft
in Swiirerland. The inhabitants are'
papifts.
Friburg, a fortified ,town of Swif-
feriirtd, ca|)ital of the canton of the
fame name It is feated In a mountain-
Ra
m
FR I <
out country, bn the river Sanen,
which divides It i1ito two parts; that
on the w fide ftanding on plain ground^
and the other amcng rocks and hills.
Tlie public buildings, eijpecialiy the ca-
thedral, are very handfome; and the
bifhop of Laufanne refides here. Three
X miles from this town is a celebrated
hermitage, cut in a rock, iaid to be the
work of one man, with his fervant, who
performed it in 15 years. Friburg was
taken by the French in 1798. It is
18 miles sw of Bern, and 30 MC of
Laufanne. Lon. 7 15 e, lat.' 46 43 n.
Friburg, a town of Suabia, capital of
Brifgau. The fteepleof its great church
is the fineft in Germany ; and here is
a univerlity, a college tbrmtrly belong-
ing to the iefuits, and feveral convents.
The inhabitants are famous for polifliing
cryftai and precious ftones. It has
b«en often taken; the laft time by the
French,' in- 1796. It is fcatM on the
Trifer, 53 miles s by w of Baden. Lon.
7 58 R,-lat. 48 3 K.
Friburjf, a town of Upper Saxony,
in Thuringia, with a callle on a motm-
tain, fituate on the UnftfUt, five miles
UNW of Naumburg.
Fr'uenti, a town of Naples, in Prin-
cipato Ulteriore, near the river Tri-
palto, :o miles SE of Bcnevento.
FriJaui a town of Germany, in Stiria,
on the fiver. Drave, 25 miles ese of
Marchburg.
Frideckfji town of Moravia, in the
circle of Tefchen, on the river Oder,
IX miles 3 by v^ of Tefchen.
Fridinger.y a town of Suai>i3, on the
Danube, ao miles sw of Ulm.
Friedberg, a town of Germany, in
Wetter^via, lately imperial, but now
fubjeA to Hefle-Darmitadt. It is Crat-
ed on a mountain, by the river Ufbach,
15 miles N by E of Frankfort.
Friedberg, a frontier town of Bavaria,
with a caule, fituate on the Lechfeld,
fix miles e of Augfburg, and 30 hw of
Munich.
Friedbergt a town of Silefia, in the
principality of Schw«idnitz. A little
N of the town a battle was gained by
the king t)f Pruflia, over t^e Auftrians,
vet 1745-^ It is feven miles nw of
Schweidn'itz.
Friedberg, a town of Gerniariy, in
Stiria, oi the river Pink and frontiers of
Hungary, 33 m^cs ne of Gratz,
Friedkwgt a town of Wefiphalia, in
E Friefland, with a cadle, 3^ miles e of
Emden.
Frieiland^ a town of Silefia, in the
principality of Oppelen, on the riv/cr
Stcina, x a milea « of Neiflc.
FRI
Friedlandt a town of I^ower Saxony,
in Mecklenburg, feated in a fwampy
cotmtry, on the frontiers of Pomerania,
16 miles ssw of Andaro.
Fried/and f a town of Bohemia, oa
the confines of Lufatia^ feven miles esk
ofZittau. '
Friedlandt a town of Prtiflia, were
the French, under Eonaparte, gained a
complete vidtory over the Ruflians, June
14,1807. It is feated on the Alia, 2I
miles SE of Konigfbcrg.
Friendly hlandtt a group of iflandt
in the S Pacific ocean, fu named by
Cook, in 1773, on account of thefriend-
fhip that appeared to fiibfill among the
inhabitants, and their courteous be-
haviour to ftrangers. Tafman, a Dutch
navigator, firft touched here in 1643,
and gave the names of New Amfter-
dam, Rotterdam, and Middleburg, to
three of the principal iflands. Cook
explored the whole cliifter, which he
found to confift of more than 20 iflands,
t!.e principal of which are TongatabCo,
or Amfterdain; Eaoovve, or Middle-
burg ; Annamooka, or Rotterdam ;
Hapaee, and Lefooga. The firft, which
is the largeft, lies in 174 46 w Ion. and
a I 9 .s lat. The general appearance of
the^ iflands conveys an idea of the moft
exuberant fertility, the furface, at i
diftance, feems entirely clothed with
trees of various fizes. fome of which
arc very large, particularly the tall
cocoa-palm, and a fpecies of fig with
narrow-pointed leaves. On clofer exa-
mination, tbc> are almoft wholly laid
out in plantations, in which are fome
of the richeft produAions of nature ;
fuch as bread-fruit and cocoa-nut trees,
plantains, yams, fugar-canes^andafruit
like a ne^arine. The ftock of qua-
drupeds is fcanty; but they received
from Cook fome valuable additions,
both to the animal and vegetable king-
dom. Their domeftic fowls are as
large as thufe of Europe. Among the
birds are parrots and parroquets of va-
rious forts, which furnifh the red fea-
thers fo much efiecmcd in the Society
ifles. . The numerous reefs and fhuals
afford fhelterfor an cndlefs variety of
fliellfilh. Thefc iflands are all inha-
bited by a race of people, who cultivate
the earth with great iuduftry ; and na-
ture, affiftcd by a little art, appears no
where in greater fplendour. Agricul-
ture, architedure, boat-building, and
fifbing, are the employments of the
men : to the women Is confint^d the
manufa^ure of cloth.
Frie ach, a town of Germany, in
Carinthia, with a ftrong caltle on a.
FRO
mountain; feated on the MetnitZf tf
milcj NNB of Clageofurt.
t'rieslandt one of the provinces of
Holland, bounded on the n by the
Gfrman ocean, w by ^e Zuider-Zee,
s by the fame and OveryflVI, and b by
Overyflel and Grouingen. Thi» coun-
try much refembles the province of
Holland <n Us foil, canals, and dikes.
Lcwarden is the capital.
Friesland, Eajt, a principality of
Weftphalia, fu called from its fituation
with rtfpe<S to the Dutch province of
Fxlefland. It is 45 miles long and 4%
broad ; boimded on the n by the Ger-
man ocean, e by Oldenburg, s by Mun-
fter, and w by Groningen and the Ger-
man ocean. The country, being level
and l»)w, is obliged to be feciired againft
inundations by expenfive dikes. The
hnd is fertile ; and the paftures feed
horned cattle, horfes, and fheep, of an
extraordinary fize. On the death of
prince Charles Edward, in 1744, it be-
came fubjeft to the king of Pruffia,
who refigned it by the treaty of Tilfit
in 1807, and it has fince been annexed
to Holland- Fmden is the capital-
Friesland, Wat, that part of Holland,
more ufually called North Holland.
Frio, Cape, a promontory of BrafiJ,
in the province of Rio Janeiro. Lon.
41 31 w, lat. aa 54 s.
Friich Uqff a lake or bay of Prulfia,
from three to nine miles broad, and
extending 70 in length along the Baltic
fea, with which it conirounicat«s by a
narrow palTage, at Pillau.
Frltzlar, a fi[>rtified town .of Ger-
many, in Lower Hefle, with two col-
k-gesand a convent, feated on the Eder,
jomiles sw of CalTel.
Friult, a province of Italy, bounded
on the N by Carinthia, e by Carniola
and the gulf of Trieft, s by the gulf of
Venice, and w by the Trevifano and
Bcllunefe. It is rich in tiniber, cattle,
filk, wine, and fruit. Ut^a is the capital.
Friull, or Gtta di n-iulh a town of
Italy, in Friun, with a collegiate church,
and five convents. It ftands at the foot
of the mountains wttich feparate Friuli
from Carniola, on the river Natifoae,
15 miles NE of Udina.
Frodlingbivn, a town in E Yorkfliirc,
with a market on Thurfday, 36 milca
E of York, and 194 N of London.
Frodjbam, a town in (?heihire, with
a eiairket on Wedncfday. Here is a
graving dock and yard for building and
repairing veflels. It is feated on the
Weaver, near its entrance into the ef-
tuary of the Merfey, 1 1 miles he of
tjiefter, land 19* nn'v of London.
'deaUx.
jigal, in
1O8.
;, in the
F U E
Frome, a river which rifes in the Kw
Eart of Dorfetfhire, near Wcrihot, flows
y Frampton, Dorchefter, and Ware-
hum, and enters the bay that fonni the
harbour of Poole.
Sronuj a town in Somerfetfliirr,
with a market on Wcdnefday. It had
formerly a monaftery, part of which,
converted into tenements for poor fa-
milies, may be feen in that part of the
town called Lower Keyford. In 1801
the number of inhabitants was 8748.
Here are conGderable manufactures of
broad cloths and kerfeymeres. It is
feated on a river of the fame name,
rWhich enters the Avon above Bath, 1%
miles s of Bath, and 103 w by s of
London.
Fronsac, a town of France, in the de*
Eartment of Gironde.. Cearad^ on the
*ordogne, 22 miles. fttjKi
Fronteira, a town -t
Alcntejo, 17 miles NE of]
. Frontignan, a town of 1 .. ^
department of Ilerault, celebrated for
its mufcadine wine., generally called
Frontigniac. It is feated on the lake
Maguleonc, 12 miles ssw of Mont*
pellier.
Froyen, an ifland in the North fea,
near the coaft of Norway, about 35
miles In circumference. Loa. 9 o e,
lat. 63 4j N. •
Fruttngeftt a town of Swiflerland, in
the canton of Bern, 30 miles se of
Friburg.
Fuegot one of the Cape Vcrd iflands,
in the Atlantic ocean, and a volcano,
which burns continually- It is much
higher than any of the reft, and fcems
to be a Angle mountain at fea, but on
the fides there are deep valleys. It has
no river, and is almoft deititute of frefh
water ; but is fertile in maize, gourds,
wild figs, oranges, and apples, and has
a great number of wild goats. It is
3co miles w of Cape Verd- Lon. 34
30 w, lat. 14 54 N-
Fuefi'tebeou, a city of China, in the
Erbvince of Chan-fi. Hyre are hot
aths which attraA a great number of
ftrangers. Its diftrid contains one city
of the fecond, and feven of the third
clafs. It is feated on the river Fuen,
380 miles sw of Peking- Lon. iii 30
E, lat- 37 20 N.
Fuente Duenna, a town of Spain, in
New Caftile, feated on the Tajo, '35
miles SE of Madrid.
Fuente Ginaldo, a town of Spain, in
Eftr .madura. In 1734 it was taken and
plundered by the Portuguefe. It is i4
miles NW of Coria.
Fuejjcttf a town of Suabia, in thf
• FUN
principality of Augfbiir^ with an an-
cient ca!l1e, and a. Benedi<5tine abbey.
It commands the pafs into Bavaria and
Tvrol, and iii feated on the Loch, 50
tnfdes 8 of Auglburg. Lnn. 10 45 e,
lat. 47 34 N.
Fu/a, or Foulay the moft weftern of
•the 8h«!tland illands, fuppofed to be
the Ultiiha Thule of the ancients. It
is three miles in length, and half as
much in breadth, and affords pafturage
fpr fliecp. The oflly landing-place,
vtrhich is called Hani, lies on the e fide.
Lon. 1 37 w, lat. 60 S7 s.
FitUa^ a principality of Germany, in
the circle of Upi>Fr Rhihe ; bounded on
liie E tiy Thnringia and Wurtzburg,
and on the other Ades by Wetteravia
and HefTo. It wa« lately a bifliopric,
but is now fubjedt to Qrange-Naflau.
This countryi containing 760 fquare
mile^, is vftry bleak and mountainous.
Fuldoy a fbwh of Germany, capital
of the principality of the fame name.
Hefe are' many fine buildings, particu-
larly the palace, three churches, a coU
Kge, and a univerj^ty. It is feutcd on
the Fulda, $$ mileis s of Caflel. Lbn.
<;48 R, lat. 5034 N.
Fulhantt a villa|;e in Middlefex, fiour
miles w by s of London, feated on the
Thames, over which is a wooden bridge
to Putney. It has been the demefne
of the biOfops of London ever fince the
poncjueft : here they have a palace ;
and m the churchyard are the tombs of
fcveral of the prelates. '
Fullaitt a country in the interior part
of Africa, w of thft kingdom of Caltina.
Its boundaries have not been afcertain-
ed, nor has the face of the country been
defcribed. The drefs of the natives
refemblestheplaids of the Scotch High-
landers.
Fu/nei, a town and caftle of Moravia,
on the frontiers of Silefia, a6 miles ene
pfPferau.
Funchali the capital of Madeira,
Tituate round a bay, on the gentle af-
cent of fome hills, m form of an amphi-
theatre. An old caftle which com-
mands the road, ftands on the top of a
fteep black rock, called the Loo Rock,
furroundcd by the ica at high water;
there are alfo three other forts, and
fcvoral batteries. The ftreets are nar-
row and dirty, though ftreams of water
run through them. The houfes are
built of freeftone, or of bricks } but
they are dark, and only a few of the
beflt, are provided with glafs windows;
all the others have a kind of lattice-
work in their ftead, which bangs on
FUR
hinges. The beams aqd rpof of the
cathedra] are of cedar ; but the chief
<juriofity here is a <;hamber in the Fran-
cifcan conveiit, tlie walls and cieling of
which are covered with human Qcullf
and thigh bones, (aid to be the relics of
holy men. who have Jied on the Ifland.
The town contains about 1 1,000 inha>
bitantr Lon. 17 6 e, lat. %z ?8 n.
Funaj, a bay of N America, between
New Enj^land and NoV^ Scotia, iemark-
abje for its tides, which nfc from the
height of 30 to 60 fleet, apd flow rapidly.
It extends about 300 miles in a ne di-
reftion^ and with Vert bay, which
pufhes into the land ip a sw'diredion
from Northumberland ftrait, forms an
ifthmus of only 1 3 miles wide, which
unites Nova Scotia to New firunf-
wick.
Punetty an ifland of Denmark, 159
miles in circumference ; feparated fiim
Jutland by a ftrait, called the Little
Belt, and from Zealand, by the Great
Belt, jft is fertile in pafture and grain,
and exports to Norway, barley, oats,
rye, and peas. Odenfe^ is the capital.
Ftatfk'ircheni or Five Churches, an epif-
cppal town of Hungary, fituate in a
fertile country, betw^fen the Drave and
the Dianube, 85 miles ssw of Buda.
Lon. 18 13 E,lat. 4^ia ».
Fmrlit a town of Naples, in Abruzzo
Citeriore» ai miles sse of Solmona.
Fumes, a. towit of the Netherlands, in
Flanders, feated near the German ocean,
on the canal firom Bruges to Dunkirk.
It was one of the barrier towns ; but, in
i7^U emperor Jofcph rr expelled the
Dutch garrifon. It was taken by the
French in 1793, and is la miles e of
Dunkirk.
Furruckabadt a town of Hindooftan,
in the territory of Rohilcund, capital of
afmall diftridt, about 30 miles in length,
on the right bank of the Ganges,
which belongs to a chief of the Patan
Rohillatribe. It isfeated on the Ganges,
70 mites E of Agra, and 76 nw of Luck-
now. Lon. 79 30 w, lat. 37 a8 n.
Fustettau, a town of Weftphalia, in
the principality of Ofnaburg, 13 miles
sw of Qudkenbqrg.
Furstenberg, a principality of Sui)|)ia»
between the Black foreft and the prin-
cipality of Conftancc. Jn (bis ftate the
river Danube takes its rife.
Furstenbergt a town of Siiabia, in the
principality of the fame name, with an
ancient caftle on a mountain, near the
Danube, 17 miles s by w of RothweiK
Lon. 8 35 E, lat. 47 53 n. _ .
Furstcnbergf.a^ town of Upper-Sax*
GAB
enyt in Lufntia, on the river Oderi ii
wile* & by E of Frankfort.
Furstenbergt a town of Lower Saxony^
in Mecklenbufg-Strelits!, on ibv river
Hav«l» 10 miles s of StrelitZi.
FufJtenfirldt M town of Germany, in
Stiria, with a caAle> on the river Auft-
nitZf 30 miles s of Gratz.
FursteH<waldt n town of Brandenburg,
in the Middle mark, feated ou the Spive,
jimilesRSE of Berlin.
FurstenwerdeTf a town of liranden-
burgi in the Ucker mark, is miles nw
ofPrenzlo.
Furtht a town and caftle of Lower
Bavaria, on the river Cbam, 10 miles
K£ of Cham.
Furtli, a town of Francouia, in the
priocipality of Anfpfch, feated on the
Kednitz, five miles nw of Nureraburj;.
Futtlfourt a town of Hindooftan, in
Allahabad, 34 miles ese of Corah, and
66 NW of Allahabad.
Fyaly one of the Azores, tw Wefterft*
iflands. It is well cultivated, and has
abundance of cheftnuts, beeches, myr-
tles, and afpens. The cottages of the
common people are built «f clay,
thatched with ftraw ; and are ftnall,
but cleanly and cool. The moft con*
fiderable place is called Villa de Horta.
Lon. 38 36 w, lat 3O 32 h.
Fyers. See Ftjert.
Fynet Loch, io Scotland, an inlet of
the Atlantic in Argylefhire, nearly 40
miles in leng^. It receives and returns
a tide on each Hde of the ifle of Arran,
which is oppofite its jentrance. It is
indented with bays ; and in the herring
feafon is the refort of numerous fiihing
veflels.
FjfzaiaJ, a city of Hindooftan, in
the territory of Oude, of which it vrsM
once the capital. H*;rc are the remains
of a vad building, the palace of the late
nabob Sujah ul Dowlah. The city is
populous; but fince the removal of
the court of Oude to Luckno^y, it has
declined in wealth. It is feated on the
Gogra, 76 miles k of Lucknow. Lon.
62 26 E, lat. 26 46 N.
G.
Cabaret, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Gers, feated on the Gelifle,
16 miles m of Condom. '
Gabel, a fortified town of Bohemia,
wliich commands the pafs into Lufatia.
It is eight miles s of Zittau.
Gabes, or G^t. See Caba.
Gabion, a viUngc of Francei ia tbc
O A I
d«p;irtinent of Henault, nine miles ttw
of Beziers. It has a mineral A>rings
and near it is a rock from wbicb iflues
petroleum. ^ >
Gmbitit a town of Poland, in Hie oa*
latinate of Rava, 50 miles mw of Wi^
faw. Lon. 19 4J »» lat. s% %6 v.
Gabon, a country of Guinea, bounded
on tlie N by M;\ionibo, s Uy Anziko, s
by Loango, and w by tbe Atlantic. It
has a river of the fame. name, which
enters the Atlantic a little n of tht
equinoctial line. The chief town it
Sette.
■^ Gfid^ttith, a town of Lower Saxony,
in Mecklenburg, near which the Swedes
defeated the Danes and Saxons in 1714.
It is 116 miles nnw of Schwcrin. •
Gadaitisy a town of Barbary, m Bi«
ledulgerid, capital of a eountiy of tht
fimne name. It 4s 179 miles sw of
Tripoli. Lon. 10 40 a; lat. jo 40 n. .
Gaeta, a ftrung town of Naples* in
Terra di Lavoro, with a fbrt, a cita-
del, and a harbput . It was taken by
the Auftriatis in 1707^ by the SpaniardI
in 1734, and by the French in 1H6. It
is feated at the foiot of a mountaii;, oa
the gulf of &aeta, 30 m'des nw of Ca«
pua. Loo. 13 47 f^f lat. 51 50 N.
Gqgo, a town of Negroland, ea^tal
of a country of the ftme nanet which
abounds in rice, coni, and mines of
gold. It is 300 mika ssb of Tombue*
too. Lon. 3 so «, lat. 1 1 }o n.
GaUdorf, a town of Francpnia, |r
the lordfhip of Limburg, with a cadftle^
near the river Kocber, 13 miles w of
Eiwangen.
Gaillae, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Tarn, celebrated for its
wine. It is feated on the Tarn, tirhicli
is here navigable, 10 miles sw of Alby.
Gaillon, a town of France, in thede-
partment of Eure, with a magnificent
palace, belonging to the archbi(hop of
Rouen. It is u miles me of Eurcux*
and sa ssE of Rouen.
Gaintborough, a toMrn in Lincolnfhiref
vi'ith a market on Tuefday, feated qit
the Trent, over which is a handfomc
ftone bridge. It is a river-pott of fomo
confequence, being acceflible to ve^ls
of fufficient fize to navigj^te the fea ;
and ferves as a place of exp<»rt and im>
port for the n part cf the county, and
for Nottinghamfliire. It is 17 miles
NW of Lincoln, and 149 N by w of
London. Lon. o 36 e, lat* 53 a8 n.
Gairloeh, a large bay of Scotland, on
the w coaft of Rofsfhire, which gives
name to a traA of land near it- The
fifhing of cod, and other white fiih, ia
here very confiderable,
GAL
Oaltft Of OmUul, a town of Euro*
peon Turkeyy in Moldavia. In 1790,
it was taken by the Ruffians, after a
bloody battle. It is feated on a lake,
near tnc conflux of the Pruth with the
Danube. 55 miles w of Iflnad, and iso
asw of Bender. Lon. t% 94 a, lat. 45
34 N.
OaiasJiidtt a toWn of Scotland, in
Selburfclhire. with a manufadure of
woollen cloth, known by the name of
Oalalhiels Gray. It is feated on the
-Gala, near its conflux with the Tweed,
five mifeo v of Selkirk.
Oolasot a river of Naples, in Otranto,
which rifes near Oria, and runs into the
gulfofTarento.
Oa(fiiUv, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Tipperary, 23 miles se of
Limerick.
Oalieia, a country in the sw i>art
of Poland, which extends 320 miles
from B to w, and 390 in breadth. It
comprifes Little Poland, the ereateft
part of Red Ruffia, and a flip of Podo*
iia to the w of the river Bog. This
territory was forcibly feized by the
Auftrians in 177a and 1*95, and incor-
porated into the Auftnan dominions,
under the appellation of the kingdom of
^alicia and Lodomeria. The moun*
'nous parts produce fine pafture { the
^>iains are moftly (andy, but abound in
rorefts, and are fertile in com. The
principal articles of traffic are cattle,
hides, wax, and honey ; and thefe coun-
tries contain mines of copper, lead,
iron, and fait, of which the latter are
the moft valuable. This country is di-
vided into Eaft Galicia and Weft Gali.
cia» of which the capitals are Lemburg
and Cracow.
Oalitiot a province of Spain, bounded
on the N aAd w by the Atlantic, s by
Portuj^l, and x by Afturias and Leon.
The air is temperate along the coaft>
but in other places cold and moift. It
is thin of people. The produce is wine,
flax, and cttvons. Here alfo are copper,
tin, and lead; and the forefts yield
wood for building fhipSr Compoftella
is the capital.
Galicia, Nfiw- See Ouaialajara.
GaHitiot a town of Spain, in Eftre-
madura, 10 miles nw of Placentia.
Galitteht 9. town of Ruflia, in the
government of Koftroraa, on the s fide
of a lake of its nan^e, 56 miles en a of
Koftioma. Lon. %% 54 e, lat. (756 sr.
Gall, St- anew canton of Swiifenand,
bordering on the lake of Conftance, be-
tween the cantons of Thui;gau and
Appenzel.
Gall, St. or St. Callcn, a tow^ of SwfP'
GAL
feriand, capital of the canton of St.
Gall. It has a rich abbey, wkofe abbot
formeriy pofl*eflM the fbvereignty of
the town. The town is entirely pro.
teftant ; and the fubieas of the abbot,
whole territory is mftind, are moftlv
catholics. The abbey is fituate dole
to the town ; and in its library are many
curious msnufcripts. The town has an
extenfive trade, arifing chiefly ^om its
linen manufaAures and bleaching,
grounds. It is feated in a narrow va|.
unrt on two fmall ftreams, 35 miles b
or Zurich. Lon. 9 18 a* lat 47 si n.
Gallant, a town of Negrolandr ca-
pital of a kingdom of the fame name,
on the river Senegal. The French built
a fort here, which was ceded to the
Englifli in 1763. During the American
war it was taken by the French/ Qtat
reftored in 1783. Lob. 10 e w, lat. u
35 w.
^ Gallardott, a town of France, in the
department of Eureand Loir, 19 miles
MBofChartres. /
GalU, or Point de Galle, a feailort on
the a coaft of Ceylon, in a nch and
beautiful diftriA, with a ftrong fort, and
a fecure liarbour. It is populous, and
in point of trade ranks next to Columbo.
The chief branch of its traffic confifts
in the exportation of fi(b to the con.
tinent ; but a great part of the produds
of the ifland are alio flripped here for
Europe. It is 8 j miles s by a of Co*
lumbo. Lon. 80 10 a, lat. 6 a n.
Galliopolij, a town' of the ftate of
Ohio, fituate on the river Qhio, nearly
oppofite the influx of the Great Kan-
haway, 130 miles b of Cincinnati, and
a8o w of Wafliington.
Galli^gos, a number of iflands in
the Pacific ocean, difcovered by the
Spaniards^ to whom they belong. They
are not inhabited ; but the Spaniards
touch here for frefb water and provi-
fions, when they fail from America to
Afia. Here are a great number of
birds, and excellent tortoifes. They
lie under the equator, the centre i||an4
in lon. 85 30 w.
Gallipeli, a ftrait between European
and Afiatic Turkey, the ancient Helicf-
pont. It forms the pommunication be-
tween the Archipelaeo and the fea of
Marmora, and is defended at the sw
entranee by two caftles. It is liere two
miles over, and is 33 miles long. Sco
Dardanelles.
Gallifoli, a feaport of European Tur.
key, in Romania, the reiidence of a
fiacha, and the fee of a Greek bifliop,
t contains about 10,000 Turks, 3500
Creeks, befide a great mimber of Jew^.
GAM
It t< an open place, with no other
defence than a forry fquare caftle,
and ftands on the firait of the fame
name, i oo milet aw of Conftantinople.
Lon. a« 59 "» '»*• 4© a* "•
GttlBfoUt a feaport of Naples, in
Terra d'Otranto, and a biihop'a fee-
This palace is a great mart for olive oil,
and has a nanutaAure of muQins. It
is featcd oa a rockv ifland, on the s
fliore o( the bay of loranto,and joined
to the mainland by a bridge, proteded
by a fort, 33 miled w ofOtranto. Lon.
165 K, Iat.40 ao V.
Galh, an ifland in the Pacific ocean,
near the coaft of Peru ; the firft place
polTelfed by the Spaniards, wiien they
attempted the conqueft of Peru. Lon.
600 Wf lat. 230 N.
Gi^lewajft a diftriA of Scotland, now
divided into £a(t and Weft Galloway,
or KiricudirightjAiret and IVigtonshire.
It was famous for a particular breed of
iiinall borfes, calkd gdUoways.
Gallowatft New, a borough of Scot-
land, in Kirkcudbrightfliire, on the
river Ken, 14 miles n of Kirkcudbright.
Galmietf St. a town of France, in the
department of Loire, with a medicinal
fpring of a vinous taftc, 18 miles s of
Montbrifon.
Galnuay, a county of Ireland, in the
province of Connaught, 82 miles long
and 42 broad ; bounded on the w by
the Atlantic, n by Mayo and Rofcom-
mon, G by Rofcommon, Kings county,
and Tipperary, and s by Clare and
Galway bay. It is divided into 1 16 pa-
riibest and contains about 142,000 in-
habitants. The greater part is veiy
fertile; but toward the m andw the foil
is coarfe. The river Shannon walhes
the 8K frontier, and forms a lake
feveral miles in length. It fends three
membrs to parliament;
Galvraif, a borough and feaport of
Ireland, capital of a county of the fame
name. It is furrounded by ftrong
walls ; the ftreets are large and ftraight,
and the houfes are generally well built
of Hone. The harbour i» defended by
a fort. Here is a linen otanufadturis
and a conMerable trade in kelp. The
falmon and herring filhery is alfo con-
fiderable. It ftands on a bay of the
fame name, on the Atlantic ocean, 42
miles sw of Rofcommon, and 120 w of
Dublin. Lon. ^ 30 w, lat. 53 ti v.
Gambia, a nvcr of Africa, which is
fuppofed to rife in the mountains on
the Nw borders of Guinea, and, flowing
Nw and w, enters the Athntic ocean at
Cape St. Mary. It overflows the coun-
try annually, like the Xfile, ;»nd is 04?
G A N
vigable for Ooops 6«o niles from tti
mouth. The country on its banks
was ceded to England by the p'-asc of
1783.
CambroH. See Oombron.
Gaiut, Ganarai fee Ghana, Chananu
Ganatt, a town of the empire of CaF>
Ana, a8» miles n by e of Agades. Loo.
14 30 c, lat. 24 40 N.
Gand. See Qheat.
Gandersheim, a town of Lower Sax-
ony, in the duchy of Brunfwick-Wul-
fenbuttle, with a celebrated convent, 17
miles sw of Collar.
Gandiata. town of Spain, in Valencia,
with a fraall univerlitv; feated on a
river, near its entrance into the gulf of
Valencia, 32 miles s by k 01 Y^eacia,
and 48 N by E of Alicant.
GamfieotUi, a town and fortreCi oF
Hindooftan, in the circar of Cuddaps,
near which is a diamond mine. It is
feated on a lofty mountain, by the river
Pennar, 33 miles wn w of Cudidapa.
Caadiaa, a town of Italy, in Berga>
niafco, 10 miles n£ of Bergamo.
Cangafiatnam, a town ot iliiidooftan,
in the Camatic, at the mouth of the
Pennar. 94 miles n of Madras. Lon. 80
12 B,lat. 14 24 N.
Gangea, or Ganja, a town of Perfia^
in the province of £rivan, 105 miles s
by £ of Tefflis. Lon. 45 50 k, lat. 41
10 V.
Gangelt, a tovi# of France, in the
department of Roer, lately of Germany,
in the duchy of Juliers, 16 miles nw of
Juliers.
Ganget, ^ celebrated river of Alia,
which has it« fource in two fprings, on
the w fide of Mount Kentaiffe, in Tibet.
The two ftreams take a w diivdiion
for 300 miles, when meeting the nApc
of Himmaleh, they turn s, unite their
waters, and form what is properly call-
ed the Ganges, from the Hindoo won!
Ganga* which fignifics a river ; a term
given it by way of eminence. . This
great body of. water now farces a pj^
fage through the ridge of Himmaleh, at
the diftance of 400 miles below the-
place of its firft approach, and, ruihing
through a cavern, precipitates iti'clf into
a vaft bafin, at the hither foot of the
mountain. The Ganges thus .-ippears.
to incurious fpedators, to have its
fon«x:e from this cliain of mountains.
Superftition has given to the mouth of
the cavern the form of the head of %
cow ; an animal held by the Hindoos in'
great ^veneration ; and it is therefore
called the Gangotri, or the Cow's
Mouth. From this places it takes ass
dircftion tbfough tht^ couui^y of Suina*
GAR
rati tintili at Hurdwar, it ilnilty cfcftpes
frDin this mounttinoii* trad in which it
hn wandered 800 miles. From Hurd-
wart where it guftics through an open-
ing in the mountains, and enters Hin-
d«oftan« it< flows laoo miles with a
fmooth navigable ftream, through de-
Kghtfu) plains, to the bay of Bengal,
which it enters by feTcra) months, tnat
form an cxtenfive delta. In its courfe
throngh thefe plains, it receires ii
rivMrs, ibmc of them larger and none
finaller tlian the Thames, befidj; many
of inferior note. In the annual inunda-
tion of this river, which on an average
rifes 31 fi^t, the country is overflowed
to the extent of more than 100 miles in
width. The Ganges is, in everjr re-
fpeA, one of the moft beneficial rivers
in the world; diffufing plenty imme-
diately by means of its living produc-
tions, and fecondarily by enrichmg the
lands, affording an eafv conveyance for
the production of its borders, and giv-
ing employment to many thoufand
boatmen. It is no wonder, therefore,
that the Hindoos regard this river as a
kind of deity, that they, hold its waters
in high veneration, an^hat it is vifited
annnally by a prodigious number of pil-
grims from all parts of Hindooftan.
Oangotri, a town of the country of
Sirina^ur, feated on the Ganges, where
that river riifhes through a cavern of
the Himmaleh moontams, 170 miles
XNW of Sirinagur. Lon. 76 35 s, lat.
33 8 "•
Vangpour, a town of Hindooftan, in
Orifla, capital of a cifcar of its name.
It is 50 miles KNE of Sumbulpour, and
■60 Mw of Cattack. Lon. 84 10 e, lat.
. Ganjami a town of Hindooftan, in
the circar of Cicacole, on the bay of
Bengal, at the mouth of a riv(?r, which
is rarely navigable, i ro miles nE of Ci*
cacole. Lon. 85 ao b, lat. 19 a% n.
Gattnati a town of France, in the de«
partincnt of AUier, 30 miles s of Mou-
lin s.
Gap, a town of France, capital of the
department of Upper Alps, and lately a
biihop's fee. It has a fort called Piiy-
more, and is feated on the fmall river
Bcue, at the foot of a mountain, in
which fome mineral waters are found,
47 miles ssE of Grenoble. Lon. 6 5 e,
lat. 44 34 v.
Gapjalt a town of RufSa, in the go-
vernment of Revel, on a fmall gulf of
the Baltic, ^6 miles wsw of Revel.
Garak. See Karek.
Gard, a department of France, in-
cluding part of the Ute proviucc of
<; A s
Lingtiedoc. It has its name from k
rapid river, which rifet in the depait.
ment of Lnrerre, flows be throngh thii
departtticnt,and enters the Rhoncabme
Beaucalre. Nifmes is the capital.
Ganfa, a town of Italy, in th^ Vim).
nefe, feated on tbe e fhore of a lake of
its name, 17 miles nw of Verona.
Gmrday Lake eft the largeft lake in
Italy, lying between the territories of
Verona atul Brefcia. It is 30 miles
long, and 10 where broadeil ; but not
above four toward its northern extremi.
ty, which enters the principality of
Trent.
GardefaMt or Guardi^fuiy a cape in the
Indian ocean, tliC moft eafteriy point of
Africa. Lon. 51 10 e, lat. 11 40 x.
Gardelebtny a town of Brandenburg,
in the Old noark, with roanufadurcs of
cloth, and a trade in hops and excellent
beer ; feated on tbe river Beife, ij miles
w of Stendal.
GarigKaHo, a river of Naples, \tshich
rifes near the lake of Celano, ar i flowi
by Sora and Aquino into the gulf of
Gaeta.
.Garmoulhy a town of Scotland, in
Murrayfhire, at the mouth of the Spey,
with a good harbour. Great quantities
of Ihip-timber are floated down the
river to the town, and many fmall vef*
fels are built here. Wool is alfo a con-
fiderable article of commerce. It ii
eight miles b of Elgin.
Garonnet a river of France, which
rifes in the Pyrenees, and flows nw by
Touloufe and Bourdeaux, below which
it is joined by the Oordogne, and their
united ftreams form the Gironde.
Garonncf Vppery a department of
France, containing part of the late pro-
vince of Langucdoc. Touloufe is the
capital.
Garrhofif a town of Ireland, in the
county of Fennanagh, 10 miles se of
Ballyfhannon.
Ga'-ju, a town of the kingdom of
Fez, furrounded by walls, ancf the
houfes built with black ftone. It i\aiidi
in a fertile country, on the Mulu, fi
miles 8 E of Melilla.
Carstan^f a corporate town in Lan-
cafhire, with a market on Thnrfday.
Here are the ruins of Greenbaugh
caftle ; and in the tieighbonrhood are
feveral cotton-works. It is feated on
the river Wyre, 10 miles s of Lancafter,
and 229 MNW of London.
GartZi a town of Hither Pomerania,
feated on the Oder, 13 miles s by w of
Stettin.
Gajconyt a late province of trance,
bounUcd'oii the w by the bay of fiifcay,
bythePr
of a lively
lug of, the
O AU
« by Ouieme. s br Laaguedoc« and s
L the Pyrenees. The inhabitants are
of a lively di^ofition, famouafor boaft-
iiuT of their exploits, which baa occa-
liooea Uie n«in« ^^ Gafconade to be
riven to aJl bragging ftories. Thli pro-
vince, with Aroiagnac, d/ow form* the
department of Ocrs. ...
Gastuttf a tojwa of B>Tana, in the
(Jucliy of Sftlzbiirg, celebrated for ita
\v.irm baths, and mines of IcAd» iron»
and gold. It is 45 miles s of Salzburg.
Gflfa, Cafe, a promontory of Spain,
on the coaft of Granada, cunttfting of
an enormous rock of a fiogular nature
9nd appearance, 24 >;ni}es in circuit.
Lon.»4*Wflat. 36,43 w. ^
Gatehouse, a town of Scotland, m
KirkcudbHghtlhire, near the mouth of
tke river Fleet. Here are confidei'able
cotton works, and an exteniive tannery.
Iti» nine miles nw of Kirkcudbright.
Gateibeadi a town in the county of
Durham, feated on the Tyne, over
which is a handfome bridge to New-
cattle. It appears like a fnburb tp
Newcaftle, and is celebrated for it*
grindftones, which are exported to all
parts of the world. The number of in-
habiUnts in 180 1 was 8597. It is 13
• miles .V of Durham, and 269 n by w
of London.
Gattort, a borough in Surqr, which
now has neither market nor fair. It is
two miles np of Kyegate, and 19 3 by
w of London.
Gaudensf St. a town of France, in
the department of Upper Garonne, feat-
ed on the Garonne, 13 miles ene of
St. Bertrand.
Gaveren, or WnvereH, a town of the
Netherlands, in Flanders, fuated ou the '
Scheldt, eight miles she of Ghent. ■
G^vi, a town of the territory of
Genoa, formerly an important frontier
place toward Montferrat and th6 Mi-
ianefe; feated on the Lemo, 19 miles
Nw of Genoa-
paw, dr Zot^f, a city of Ufbec Tar-
tary, capital of the province of Gaur ;
leated oh the river Zouf, 1 30 miles s by
w of Balk. Lon. 64 4<\w, lat. 3^5 n.
Gaukarna, a town ex Hindoollan, in
Canaia, of great note among the Bra-
mins, for a celebrated image w Si va, and
many ancient infcriptions on ftone. It
enjoys fome commerce, and ftauds in a
well cultivated plain, near the mouth of
^ river, ?» miles nnw of Knndapura.
Gifuts, ftupendoi|s mous^tains of Hin-
dooftan, extending along the e and w
coafts of the Pcninfula. The w ridge,
called by the natives the mouptain* of
Sul^hieOf extends from cape Comurin to
4? E L
the r!v«r Tapty* at the 4iAanoe of from
40 to 70 miles from the Ihore ; except «
^ap, oppofite Panitay, about 16 miles
m biwadth, chiefly occupied by 8' fo-
reft. They rife abruptly ftvm the lo«r
country, fupporting, ni the nature of a
terrace, a vaft extent of fertile and po-
pulous plains* which are fo elevatcda*
to render the air cool and pleafant.
Gaut, according to the original import
of the word, fi^'Difies a pafs through or
over mouotaiiu; and, by an extended
fenfe, is applied to the mountains thon-
felves.
Ga»a, a town of Syria, in PaleftinCi
two miles fi-om the Mediterranean,
with a harbour and a caltle. . It is now
very fmall; but from the appearance
of the ruins, it was formerly a confider-
able place. Here are manufaiSurea of
cotton ; but the principal commerce it
furuiihed by the caravans between
Egypt and Syria. It ftands in a fertile
country, jo miles sw of Jerufakm. Loo.
34 45 E, lat. 31 a8 w.
iiazypourt a town <tf Hindoo..an, in
Allahabad, on the left bank of the Gan«
ges, 42 miles ene of Benares.
Gearon, or Jaron, a town of Perfiat
in Farfidan, in whofe territory the beft
dates of Perfia are produced. It is 80
miles s by E of Shiras. Lon. 51 17 e,
lat. 28 15 N.
Gefie, a feaport of Sweden, capital of
Geftricia, feated oi>tn arm of the gulf
of Bothnia, which divides the town»
and forms two iflands. The export»
are principally iron, pitch, tar, arid
planks. It is 90 miles NNW of Stock>
holm. Lon. 17 20 e, lat. 60 40 n.
Gehlf a town of Chinefe Tartary*
with a large palace, and a magniiicciit
temple of Budha. Here the emperor
of China received the Britifli embaify in
1793. It is 136 miles k of Peking.
GeiUnkireheitt a town of France, in
the department of Roer, lately of Ger-
many, in the duchy of Juliers ; feated
on the river Worm, 10 miles wnw of
Juliers.
iieislhigen, a tv^^n of Suabia, on the
rivulet Rohrach, i z miles nw of Ulm.
Gtifmur, a town of German^, in the
principality of HelTc, 14 miles a tit
Cafll-1.
Geissf a town, of Germany, in the
principality of Fukia, 16 miles ne of
Fulda.
Ge/iitrlandi one of the provinces of
Holland, and the largeft pf them all. Ifc
Mes between the Zuider Zee, the pro-
vinces of Holland, Utrecht, and Over-
yllct, the principality of Munftcr, the
l.atc duchy of Clast, and Dutch Br*?
GEM
bant; and it'divided into three quartrrt
or conntiet» called Nimtrguent Arn-
heiiDi ard Zutphen» from the principal
townii. It is fertile in fruit and corn ;
and, in many parti, abounds in wood.
GelJerlani, Uffer, a territory of the
Nethcrlandit lying in detached part*,
on both fides the river Meufe ; latoly
divided into Auftrlan, Dutch, and Pru*
fian Gelderland. The Auftrlan part
included Ruremonde, and its depen-
dencies ) the Dutch comprehended the
lordftiipa of Velno and Stevenfwert;
and the Prufltan contained the ciapit ,
Gelderv, and its diftriA, which v/m
reckoned as apart of the circle of Weft*
phaliat Tbcle diftrlAs have been re-
cently annexed to France ; the Auftrian
and Dutch part included in the depart-
ment of Lower Meufr, and the Pruflian
in that of Kocr.
Geldei'i, a town of France, in the de-
fartment of Rocr, lately the capital of
'ruflian Gelderland. Here is a palace,
the reftdencc of the former dukes It
was taken in 170J, by the king of Pruf-
iia; and in 1713, the town and its dif-
trid was ceded by France to that prince,
in exchange for the principality of
Orange. In 1757 it furrendered to the
Frencn, who reftr,r««d it in 1764, after
di.>molifliing the fortifications. It again
furrendered to them in 1 7^4 ; and was
afterward, with its diftritft, annexed to
France. It is ao%iiles ssc of Cleve.
Lon. 6 16 E, lat. 51 3 1 n.
Gelnhausent a town of Germany, in
Wetteravia. with a eaftio, feated on the
Kintzig. 18 miles ne of Hanau.
Gemblourst a town of the Nether-
Lmds, in Brabant, with an ancient abbey,
feated on the Orneau, xz miles se of
Bruflels.
Gemingen, a town of France, in the
department of Rhine and Mofelle, lately
pf Germany, in the palatinate of the
Rhhie ; feated on the Simmem, 34 miles
8 of Coblentz.
Geminianot St. a town of Tufcany, in
the Fiorentino, feated on a mountain,
in which is a mine of vitriol, 35 miles
ssw of Florence.
Gemqnat i town of Italy, in Friuli,
sear the river TagliamentU) zo miles
WNW of Friuli.
Gemund, a town of Suabia, feated on
the Rcms, 30 miles nnw of Ulm.
Gemund, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Roer, lately of Germany,
m the duchy of Juliers ; feated on the
Roer, 24 miles sw of Cologne.
Gemund', a town of Germanv, in Ca-
rinthia, with manufaflures of iron and
ftipel) 16 miles avf of Villacb.
GEN
Gemundeni a town of Franconia, m
the principality of Wurtzburg, on the
river Maine, as miles n of Wurtxburi
Gemundtn, a town of Auftria, famouj
for its fait- works) feated at the n'tM
of a lake of the fame name, on tlie rivtr
Traun, the outlet of the lake, so niu
sywofLintz.
Genaft uttntn of the,Netherlandi,in
Brabant, with an ancient oaftle, feattd
on theDyle, i5milek se of Brofl'elt.
Gentueet a rive* of the United Stafet
which rffec on the n border of Pennfyl.
vania, and runs vnb through the ftate
of New York into Lake Ontario. It
has three falls, which fumifh excellent
mill-feats ; and on its b'>rder8 are the
<»enc(rre flat«, :o miles long and four
broad, the foil rich and clear of trees.
Geneva^ a town of New York, in
Onorrdago county, fituate on the ntv
corner of Seneca lake, 24 miles ssr of
Canandaqua, and 106 w of Cuopcrf*
town.
Geneva t a fortified city, capital of a
territory of the lame name, furrotind-
ed by the duchy of Savoy, of which it
vvas formerly a part, and the fee jf a
bifliop, now relident at Annccy. In
!584, Geneva concluded an alliance
with Zurich and Bern, by which it was
an aflbciate of SwilTerlaniL During the
greater part of the i8th century, there
were frequent contefts between the arif.
tocratic and the popular parties; and
the years 1768, 178a, 1789, and 1794,
were diftinguilhed by great revolutions.
The laft was effedled entirely by the in-
fluencc of the French ; and not long
after, this city and its territory was
made a departmetit of France, under
the name of Leman. Geneva, which
ftands partly on a plain at the w end of
the lake, and partly on a gentle afcent,
is irregularly built. It hn$ a good arfe-
nal, and a univerfity founded in 1368.
The houfes are lofty ; and many in the
trading part of the city have arcades of
wood, which are raifed even to the up-
per ftories. The inhabitants, eftiinated
at 36,900, carry on a great trade, and
among others the watch-making bufi-
nefs is particularly Rourifhing. Geneva
is 4» miles ne of Chambery, and 135
Nw of Turin. Lon. 6 o e, lat 46
13 N.
Geneva, Lake a/, a large expanfe of
water, between Savoy and Swiffcrhnd,
in a valley, which ieparates the Alps
from Mount Jur£. Its length, from the
city of Geneva to Villeneuve, is 54
miles ; and the breadth, in the wideft
part, is I z. The waterncar Geneva ii
fltallow; in other parts the depth i(
GEN
,arioui( the gnatfft, yet found by
(jittodiog, i» «*o ^aibomi. The river
Rhone rum through it from the i to
the w extremity. , „ ^, .
Qtngnbacht a town of Suabia, m
Rrifgau, with a Benedidine abbey t
ftated on a rivulet of the fame iiatnet
whiob flow* into the Kintzig, ao miici
KofFriburg-
Gtngtux di Royal, St. a town of
France, in the department of Saone and
j^ire, celebrated fjor ita excellent wine ;
feated at the foot of a mountain, 17
milci sw of Chalons.
Geniei, £/ a town of Francet in the
department of Aveiron> 24 miles ne of
Rhodes. . ». ^
GtHHs, a town of France, m the de-
partment of Aifne, la miles a of St.
Ouontin.
GtHHfh a town of France, in the de-
partment of Roer, lately of Germany,
in the duchy of Cleve ; feated on the
Niers, eight miles ssw of Cleve.
Geaoa, or Liguria, a republic of Ital^,
extending along that part of the Medi-
ten-anean called the gulf of Genoa, 150
milet ; but the breadth is onlv from 8
to I a miles. Where it is not bounded
by the fea, it is bordered from w to e
b]r Piedmont, Milan, Parma, and Tuf-
cany. It is populous, well cultivated,
and fertile near the fea ; but thu inner
parti are mountainous, and barren in
leveral places. The corn grown is in-
fuffident for its own confumption ; but
there are abundance of excellent fruits
and vegetables ; and its mulberry and
olive trees are innumerable. The go-
vernment of the republic was ariRocra-
ticjrom the year 1598 till 1798, when
tbe French form was chofen. or rather
enforced, and the new ftyle aflbmed of
the Ligurian Republic.
Genoa, a city nd fcaport, capital of
the republic of the fame name, and an
archbilhop's fee. It ia fix miles in cir-
cumference, built Uhc an amphitheatre,
and full of marble churches and pa-
laces; whence it has the name of Genoa
the Proud. On the Jamd fide it is de«
fended by a double f$rrtification i and
the harbour is protedcd by two forts,
•ne of which has its top formed of
fttong glafs, and is iliyminatad at night
l>7 35 great lamps. The inhabitants
are computed at 80,000. It has manu-
faftures of velvets, damalks, gold and
filver tUTues, and ptaper ; and the hank-
ing bufinefii is a very profitable article
ofcomnnerce. Hercarethi^ public (tore-
boufeg, from which the intNibitants are.
obliged to purchale wine, oil, bread,
^d wood ; and only the prin»pKitoPfl>
GEO
chi ^ allowed, upon paying a futn
of .. to procure theft article*
abroad. The ftreett are kept clean,
but many of them are narrow and un-
even. The harbour is vay confidera-
ble, and has a mole s6o pace* in length.
13 in breadth, and 15 fleet above the
level of the water. Genoa was taken,
in 1746. by the Auftrians, whofe oppref-
fion of the inhabitants was fuch, that
the latter fuddenly rofe and expelled
their conquerors, who again befieged
the city, the next year, but without
cfTeA. In 1798. the French became
mafter* of this city. In 1800 it fuftain-
ed a fiece by a Rritiih fleet and Auftrian
army tul literally it.uvi'd, and was eva-
cuated by capitulation ; but foon after-
ward it wa* again delivered up to the
French, on their viAory at Marengo.
Genoa i* 62 mile* sk of Turin, and
no WNW of Florence. I<on. 8 36 e.
lat. 44 »s •*•
(hntiah, a town of the kingdom of
Aflam, 370 miles R of Patna. Lon. 94
10 B, lat. aj ID K.
Oeorgt, Fort, a fortrefs of Scotland,
in Invernefafliire, which has feveral
handfome ftnet* of barracks. It it
feated on the point of a peninfula, run-
ning into the Murray Frith, and conv*
pleteJy commands tiie entrance into the
harbour of Invernefs. It is 10 miles
ME of Invernefs.
George, Fort St. See Madras.
George, Lake, in the ftate of New
York, lies to the sw of Lake Champ-
Iain, and is 35 miles lon^, but is narrow.
The adjacent country is mountainous ;
the valleys are tolerably good. The re-
mains or Fort George are at the s end
of the lake, and of the fort of Ticon-
deroga at the n end. at its outlet into
Lake Champlain.
George, St. the capital of tlie ifland of
Granada, formerly called Fortroyal.
which name the fort ftill retain*. It i«
fituate on the w coaft, not far f: jm the
8 end of the ifland, and has a fafe and
commodious harbour. Lon. 61 45 w.
lat. 1 1 50 N.
George, St. one of the Azores, which*
produces much wheat. In 1808 a vol-
cano broke out nere* which deitroyed
the town of UrfuUna, feveral farm^
houfes, &c. The chief town is VeUa«.
Lon. a8 o w, lat. 38 39 nt.
. George* 5f« an ifland of the United
States, in the.ftrait of St. Mary, which
forma thchcommunication between Lake
Superior and Lake Huron.
George, St. a finall ifland in the gulf
(^C Venice, to the s.of Venice, to which
it is fubje^. Here is ji Benedi^ne'
••■«#
minztierff wbofe church it (Me ^f the
liBeftinMaly.
Geprgift St. th« lar|[Cft of the Ber-
jnu<!ta8 ifiandi. ft is in the for hi cf a
hotikt about ^o miles in letigth^ but
ieldom two in breadth. It has a town
of the fame nMne» containing 500 houfes
^ilt of frevAone, which :s the- capital
of a\\ the iRiinlH. Lon. 63 35 w, lat.
George, St. an jfland in the guW of
Mcxicc, oppoTite the mouth of the Ap-
palachicoia. Lon.' 84 50 w, lat. 2936 n.
Ceorfre ditl l^na-) St. a fort of Gdinea^
on the' Gold coaft* and the priticipa]
lettlemf nt of the Dutch in thofe parts.
The town under it, called by the na-
tives Oddena, i» very long, and pretty
broad. The houlbs are built of ftone,
wiiich is. uncommon, for in other places
they are compolbd c«:?y of clay and
wivtMl. It is 10 miles wsw of Cape
Coall Callrle. Lon. o 8 w, lat. 4 56 r.
George Key, St. a fmall ifland in the
bay cf Honduras, on the £ coaft of
Jucatan: It is> likewife called Cafina,
or Cayo Caftgo; By a convention in
j-yBfr. the Eiijltih logvfooil-Cutters were
penuitted, under certain reftridioiis, to
occupy this ifland. Lon. 8i 35 w, lat.
17 4x> N.
Georgetrxattt a feaport of S Carolina,
capital of a ^llrid of the fame name.
The public buildings arc three churches>
a court'houfe, aiftl an academy. It
ftands near the jun«5tion of a number of
rivers, which here form a broad ftream
called Winyaw bay, 1% miles from the
fea, and 55 n by e of Charlefton. Lnuc
79 50 w, lat. 33 ao N.
Ceorgttowitt a town of Delaware,,
chief of Suifex county, 16 miles wsw
•f Lewes^Mid 103 a by w of PhtladeU
phia.
Georgetawni a town of Maryland,
In Kent county, feated on the Saflalras,
xMne miles from its mouth ia Chciapeak
bay, and 65 sw of Pfailadejphia.
Ce^rget!o<a»t,aita^Vk of Maryland, in
the territory of Colwnbia, with a col->
tege, for the promotion of general lite^
ratUre, foundled by the Roman catho*
Ues4 It isilitvatron the Potomac, and
00 the w! fide of RodS creek, which fe<*
parates it from Wafhington, four iniles
WMW of tjitecapitol, aiul46 sw of Balti'^
more.
Georgetotvn, a town of tht diftridl of
Main, and the oldetb in liocoln coun>
ty. It ia the fpot where the Engliflv
firft attempted to coloMte New £iig>
land, in 1607, ^^^ flasds near the
mouth of the Kcanebec, 1 j milet i Vf
WcfWifcafllt.
616
C7*«jfttb«e«v a town of the |fet< a
Georgia, in Oglethorpe 4om>ty, (ittast^
oft the Ogeeche, 44 m^lM nnw of
Lcuifville.
Ceorjii*, a courityy c# Afia» catted bv
tiie PeiQana Ooiniftan, dnd by the
Turks Crurtfhi. It i* one of the feven
CaucafiaR natiorts, iti the countries be-
tween the Black -fea and the Carjii&n
and comprehends the ancient lb«ria
and Cotchitf. It isr bomxfcd on the x
by Circaffia, b by Dagheftan and Schiri.
van, s by Arnlertia, and W by Cuban
or the new Ruffian government of Can!
cafia^ It is divided into nine pruvinscs.
Of thefe, five foitn what is comnionly
called the kingdom of Georgia; a.rd
four the kntgdom or pnhelpalitv of
Imeritia. The lai>^ reighing prince
ceded this country ic Ruffia jn his
death, which happened in : «oo. The
hflls of Georgia are covered with forcRs
of oak, alh, beech, cheftnuts, walnuts,
and elms, encircled with vines, grow.
ing perfe<aiy wild,'bot producing vaft
quantities of grapes, firom which much
wine and brandy are made. Cotton
grows fpontaneoufly, aa well a» the
fineftEwroipean fruit- tre«s. Rice, wheat,
millet, hemp, and flax, are raifed on tbe
plains, almoft viitbout culture. The
valleys affonl the firteft paftumge, the
rivers are full of fiflt, the mountains
;^ound in minerals^ and the climateis
healthy. The rivers of Georgia, being
ted by mountain torrents, a)<: alwsys
either too rapid or too ihailow for the
purpofes of navigation. The Georgians
areChiiftiansofthe Greek communiori,
and appear to have received their name
from their attachment to ?>%. Geoiige,
the tut^^lary faint of thefe countri<!S.
Their drefs neavly refembles <.hat of the
Coflfacs; but men of rs' k frequently
wear the habit of PirPs.. They uliislly
die their hair, beards, anu nails with
red. The women empio/ the fame
colonr to ftain the palms of their hands.
On their head they wear a cap or iillet,
under which :h«if black hatr iails on
their fon head ; behind^ it is braided
into ieverv\l tteflc* : their eyebrows ar?
painted with black in fAch a manner }»
to form one entire litie; aiid- the fdcf \t
coated ^thwhitt<artd'red< Theyarr
celebnftd for their beauty; but theif
air and manners are extremely voluptli*
ons. The- Georgians have great fkiil' in'
the «fe oi( the, bow and are d<eeiried>
excellent foidiers: but the men have n6
virtue, except courage ; fathers felt
their cbikfttn, aiid' fometlmes thcif
Vivei^ Bioth i^xes are addidh-'d" to
diMriMttMft, aiHl afe paHiiculniy'foBdr
i._Aljrw.^*i:C4u:..j
V a town of the^ttf^
>glethorpfe dornity, fitwt<
sche, %4 imiN nmw of
JouWttyrfAfia^caHedbv
Otiiniftan, dnd by the
li. It bone of the ftvw
tiorts, in the countries' bf.
ack fea and the Cafpian,
»end« the ancient Iberia
R is bounded on the »
B by Dagheftan and Schh<-
nieriia, and vf by Cuban,
uffian government of Can.
Ivided into nine provinjcs,
' form what is comnionly
ngdem of Georgia; a;,d
gdom or piiheipalitv of
'he la,'^ reighing pHnce
ountry ic Ruffia un his
happened in :«oo. The
ia are covered with forefts
beech, chellnuts, walnuts,
:ircled with vines, grow-
viHld, bat producing raft
grapes, from which much
andf are made. Cotton
ineoufly, ai well a« the
n fruit-trees. Rice, wheat,
and flax, arc raifed on tbe
vvitbout culture. The
the firteft pafturage, the
I- of Mi, the mountains
nettls^^ and the climsteis
! rivers of Georgia, teng
lain torrents, aia always
id or too fliailow for the
ivigation. The Georgians
)f the Greek communicfti,
have received their name
tachment to St George,
^int of thefe countries.
a»ly refembles <.hat of the
men of rs' k frequently
ofPirfii. Theyulijrfly
beards, ana nails with
amen emplo7 the fame
the palms of their hands.
they wear a cap of fillet,
htii' black hair falls on
; behind; it is braided
ffe»: their' eyebrows are
aek in fAch a nVanntr a«
itiKline, and thefkfif
iitt<artd'red< Theyarr
their beauty ; but thcif
sare extremely voluptu-
>rgians have-grestt Ikfll' M
, bow and are dtwhled'
'8': but the men' have nb
courage ; fathers felt
and' foinetfmes their"
f%x^ are addiai'd" to
Kl ai^e paificulaviy'foB^
GEO
of brandy. The other inhabitants of
Georgia are Tartars, Ofli, and Arme-
rians. Thefe laft are found all over
Georgia, fometimcs mixed with the na-
tives, and fometimes in villages of their
own. 'I'hey fpeak among themfelves
their own language) but all tfiiderftand
and can talk tlut Georgian. Beiide
thc'fe, there are a confiderahle number
of Jews, fome having villages of their
own, and others mixtjd with the Oeor-
"ian, Anneflian, and Tartar inhabitants,
but never with the Offi. Thw Chrift.
ians of the country in part follow the
rifsof the Armenian, and in part that
()f the Greek church ; and they are re-
prefcntcd as the moft tratftahle Chrift-
ians in the eaft. Tefflis is the capital.
See Imeritia-
Geori(ia, the moft fouthern of the
United States of America, 600 miles
long.and 250 broad ; bounded on the e
by the Atlantic, s by E-and W Florid.),
w by the MiflTiffippi, and n by N and S
Carolina. It is divided into 24 counties,
namely, Camden, Glyn, Liberty, Chat-
ham, Bryan, M'lntofh, Effingham,
Scrivcn, Burke, Richmond, Wilkea,
Walhington, Greene, Franklin, Mont-
gomery, Hancock, Oglethorpe, Elbert,
Lincoln, Warren, Jefferfon, Jackfon,
Bullock, and Columbia. The principal
rivers are the Savanna, Ogeechee, Ala-
tamaha, Turtle river, Little Sitilla,
Great Sitilla, Crooked river. St. Mary,
and Apalachicola. The winters in
Geoi^ia are very mild and pleafant ;
fnow 18 feldom or never feen. The
foil and its fertility are various, accord-
ing to fituatioti and different Improve-
ments. By culture are produced rice,
tobacco, indigo, cotton, fago, maize,
potatoes, oranges, figs, pomegranates,
&c. Rice, at prcfent, is the ft^iple com-
modity ; but great att«;ntif)n begins to
be paid to the railing of cottoiu The
whole coaft of Georgia is bordered with
iilands, the pricipal of which are Skid-
away, Waflaw, Oifahaw, St. Catharine,
Sapelo, Frederica, JekyI, Cumberland,
and Amelia. The capital of this (tate
is Louifville.
, Georjfia, or South Oeorgiay an ifland
in the PaciHc ocean, vUitcd ]>y Cook in
1775. It Is 64 miles long, and 30 in its
greateft breadth. It fecms to abound
with bays and harbours, which the vaft
quantli.ies o' ice render inacceffible the
greateft part of the year. Two rocky
iflands are fituate at the m eml ; one of
whicS ^rom the perfou who difcovered
it, was named Willis I11an<l ; the other
received the name of Bird Ifland, from
t>.& innumerable flocks uf birds tUat w<re
iS S R
feen near it. lirre are perpcndicslar
ice cliffs, of confiderable height, like
tbofe at S^tzbcrgen; from which pieces
were continually breaklrig ofFaud floats
ing out to f'lA, The valleys were cover-
ed with mow ; and the only vegctatioa
obferved was bladtd grafs, wIM Uuroct*
and a plant, like mofs, whicb sprung
ffom the rocks. Not a ftream ot frefls
water was to be feen on the whole
coaft. A promontory at its as end,
named Queen Charlotte Cape, is ie Ion.
36 n w, lat. 543a 9'
Georgia^ Gulf oft a gulf of the N Pa-
cific ocean, between the continent of N
America "and Quadra and Vancouver
ifland; about lao miles in length, from x
to s, but the breadth varies in itsdi^r-
ent parts from fix to ao miles. It con-
tains feveral clufters of iOands, unA
branches olf into a great number of
canals, moft of which were exhmiiicd
by captain Vancouver and his officers.
Gerat a town of Upper Saxony, in
Voigtland. It has a caflle about a mile
from the town, on a mountain in a
wood, and is called Gfterftein. Hew
is a coniiderable manufadure of fine
ftuffs; and its great trade and hand-
fume houfes have procured it th« nam«>
of Little Leipfic. It is feated on the
Elfter, 32 miles ssw of Lciplic. Lon.
I a 7 K,lat.so55 n.
Gerau, a town of Germany, in Ileflc-
Darmftadt, 10 mile« wnw of Darm-
ftadt.
Gerbenjt a town of France, in the
department of Oife, 12 miles nw of
Beauvois.
GerbeviiUi . a town of France> in the
department of Meurthe, feated oa th«
Agen, five miles s of Lunevilic.
Gerbiy an ifland in the Mediterranean,
on the coaft of Tripoli. It bears much
barley ; and has large quantities of figs;.
olives, and grapes, which, when dria;},
form the principal trade. Loo. 1 1 20 £,
lat. 32 56 N.
Gerbitadtf a town of Upper ' ,axony,
in the county of Mahisfcld, feveu miles
N£ of Mansfeld.
Gerdavin, a town of Pruflta, defend-
ed by two caftles, and featcd on the
Omit, near a i^nliderabic lake, 50 miles
SB ofKcnigfljerg.
O^rmaiit, St. a town of France, in
the department of Seine and Oife, wkii
a magnificent palace, in which Lewia
XIV was bom. Here James if found
an afylum, when he fled to France. It
is featcd on the Seine, near a fine foreft,
10 miles NW of Paris.
Germain, St. a borough in Cornwall,
governed by a mayors witit a market
m>^
o r R
OB Friday. It was ooce the largcft
towu ip the coiibty» and a biihop'9 Tec,
but now confifts chiefly of fifliermen's
cottagei. Wltat remains of the cathe<
dral is ufed an the parifh>church ; and
v>car it is the priory. It ftands near the
Ick.. 10 tniles w of PlymoiHb« and 228 w
by s of London.
Germairti St. a town of France, in
the department of Loire, celebrated (or
its excellent wine, 1 8 mihes s of Roan.^e.
Germanot St. a town of Piedmont, on
the river Naviglio, nine miles w of Ver-
celli.
Germanot St. a town of Naples, in
Terra di Lavora, at the foot of Monte
Cailino, 17 miles ssE of Sora.
Germaitton, a corporate town of
PennfY^lvaiiia, in Philadelphia county.
Here is the principal congregation of
the Mennonifts, who have been fettled
10 this ftate fince i6gt' Stockings, of
cotton, thread, and worfted, are manu-
fa^urcd here to a great extent. This
town is famous for a battle fought in it
on O^t. 4, 1777. It is feven miles n of
Philadelphia.
Germantottt a town of N Carolina,
chief of Stokes county,) fituate near a
branch of the Ban, 70 miles w by n of
Hill{botX)Ugh
Germantont Neiv, a town of New
Jerfey, in Hunterdon county, 28 miles
3JW of Brunfwick.
Germany, a country of Europe, 600
miles in length, and 500 in breadth;
bounded on the k by Hungary and I'o-
land, N by the Baltic fea and Denmark,
w by the Netherlands and France, and
s by Swiflerland and Italy. It contains
a great many fovcreign princes, who
are independent of each other; and
lately there was a number of imperial
towns, which were f ..lany little re-
publics; but tlie whok of them formed
a great confederacy, governed by politi-
cal laws, at the head of which was an
e.?»pcror, whofc power in the collective
body, or diet, was not direAivc, but
exicutive. The weftern Roman empire,
which had terminated in the year 475,
in the perfon of Auguftulus, the lall
RoT.an emperor, and which was fuc-
cec.Ied by the reign of the Huns, the
Oflrogoths, and the Lombards, was re-
vived by Charlemagne, king oi France,
on Cliridmas day, in the year 800.
This prince being then at Rome, pope
Leo III crowned him emperor, in St.
Peter's church ; and Nicephorus, who
was then emperor of the eaft, conftnted
to this coronation. After the death of
Charlemagne, and of Lewis le Debon-
nairey bis ion and fucccflor, the empire
OER
vnn divided between the four fons of
the latter. Lmharfo, the firft, was em.
peror; Pepin was king^of Aquitaine'.
Lewis, king of Gcmuny ; and Cbades
le Chauve, king of France. This par-
tition was the fource of inceifant feud
The French, ke^t the empire under
eight emperors, tdl the year 912, when
Lfwis III, the laft prince of the line of
Charlemagne, died without iflue male.
Conrad, count of Franconia, the fon-in.
law of Lewis, was then eleAed emperor.
Thus the empire went to the Germans,
and became eledlive; for it had been
hereditary under the French emperors.
The emperor was diofen by the princes,
the lords, and the deputies of cities,
till the year 1239, when the number of
the eledtors was reduced to feven ; one
more wad added in 1649, and another
in 1692: thefe nine eledors continued
to the year t7g(i, when, in confequence
of the alterations made in the confthu-
tion of the empire, under the influence
of France and Ruflia, they became ten
in number ; namely, the ele<2or and
archbiihop of Katilbon, the elector and
king of Bohemia (the then emperor) the
eleftor of Bavaria, the elector of Sax-
ony, t!,e eledor of Brandenburg (king
of Pruflia) the eledlor of Hanover (king
of England) the eleftor of Wurtzburg
(Lite grand duke of Tufcany) the elector
of Wirtemburg, the elector of Baden,
and the eledtor of Ileflc. Rodolphus,
count of Hapfburg, was eleAed emperor
in 1273. He* is the head of the houfe
of Auftria, which is defcended from the
fame ftock as the houfe of Lorrain, re-
united to it in the perfon of Francis i,
father of the two late emperors, Jofeph
and Leopold. On the death of Charles
Ti of Auftria, in 1740, an emperor was
chofcn from the houfe of Bavaria, by
the name of Charles vi i. On the death
of this prince, in 174,5, t'lie abovemen-
tioned Francis, grand duke of Tufcany,
waselcfted epipcror; whofe grandfonj
Francis u, enjoyed the dignity of em-
peror of Germany till i8a6, when he
formally refigned the title and office.
At the clofc of the Saxon race, in 1024,
the prerogatives of the emperor were
very confidcrable ; but, in 1437, they
were reduced to the right of conferring
all dignities and titles, except the privi-
lege of being, a ftale of the empire; of
granting dil'penfations witii refpeA to
the age of majority; of creeling cities,
and conferring the privilege of coining
money; of calling the meetings of the
liet, and prefiding in them. But, after
all, there was not a foot of land annexed
to this title; for, ivcr fince the reign
G E R
of Cbarlel iv, the eihperon depended
entirely on their hereditary dominions,
as the only fource of their power, ahd
even of their fubfiftence. To pirvent
the calamities of a contefted eleaion, a
king of. the Romans was often chofen
in the lifetime of the emperor, on whofe
death he fucceeded to the imperial dig-
nity of courfe. The emperor (always
elected and crowned at Frankfort on
the Maine) aflumed the title of au-
guft, and pretended to be fuccefTor to
the emperors of Rome. Although he
was chief of the empire, the fupreme
authority refided in the diet, which was
compofed of three colleges; the college
of eledors, the college of princes, and
the college of imperial towns. The diet
had the power of making peace or war,
of fettling general impolitions, and of
regulating all tne important affairs of
the empire; but the decifions had not
the force of law till the emperor gave
his confent. When a war was deter-
mined on, every prince contributed his
Siota of men and money, as valued in
e matriculation roll; though as an
eledor or prince he Slight efpoiife a dif-
ferent fide from that of the diet. All
the fovereigns of Germany have an abfo-
liite authority in their own dominions,
andean lay taxes, levy troops, and make
alliances, provided they did not preju-
dice the empire. They determine all
civil caufcs definitively, unlcfs in fome
E articular cafes, in which an appeal may
t made. Thefe appeals were to two
courts, called the Imperial Chamber, at
Wetzlar; and the Aulic Council, af.
Vienna. The three principal religions
are, the Roman catholic, the Lutheran,
and the Calvinifts; but Chriftians of all
denominations are tolerated, and there
ii a multitude of Jews in all the great
towns. The principal rivers of Ger-
many are the Danube, Rhine,' Elbe,
Wefer, Maine, and Oder. Germany is
divided into nine circles, namely, Auf-
tria, Bavaria, Suabia, Franconia, Upper
and Lower Rhine, Weftphalia, and Up-
per and Lower Saxony : each of theli
includes feveral other ftates ; and Bohe-
mia, Moravia, Lufatia, and Sileiia are
not comprifed in the ten circles. Oer«
mar/ lately contained fix archbifliop-
rics and 38 biOioprics; but this hier-
archy was throwrt into confufion by
the lecularizations in 1798, and is not
yet reftored to order: the archbifliop
of Ratifbon is primate and metropolitan
wall Gerrnany; the fcp of Mentz hav-
ing been moved to Ratifton. Many
other transfers and exchanges of territo-
ne« have fince takeii place, from the
dtfaftrous conftquen6««.9f the w 1 witiv
Fraacfc; the kings of England an* Pntft
fia have been deprived m all thffi*" tern*
tones in thii countiy, and new kuw*
and princes have teen created by
Bonaparte, which makes this coun-
try, at prefent, a labyrinth of geog*^
phy; but the following traniifer muft
here be noticed, as the principal. In
1801, thofe parts of the circles of Upper
and Lower Rhine,and Weftphalia, lying
on the left bank of the Rhine, were ced-
ed to France, by the treaty of Ltmeville ;
and are now annexed to that countiy,
forming the departments of Mont Ton-
nere, barrc, Rhine and Mofel'e, and
Roer. The remainder of Oerpiany, in
1806, ceafed to be united as an empire;
for a treaty, ftyled the Confiederation of
the Rhine, was figned at Paris on July
1 s, by France on one part, and by Ba-
varia, Wirtemburg, Baden, &c. on the
other, in which the latter renounced
their copneftion with the empire; and,
in confeouence, Francis 11, on Auguft
7, publiined at Vienna his refignation
of the ofRoe of eniperor of Germany,
which diflolved that ancient conftitO"
tion. Several of the fovereign pririces
eftablifhed on its ruins, by the influence
of France, are not yet acknowledp:ed by
fome powers, England in particular;
and further changes aie ftill in contem-
plation. The language of Germany is a
dialedt of the Teutonic, which fucceed-
ed that called the Celtic. Vienna is the
principal city.
Germersheim, a town of France, in
the department of Mont Tonntre, late-
ly of Germany, in thq palatinate of the
Rhine; fituate On the Rhine, ' feven
miles ssw of Spire.
fierms, a town of Auftria, a a miles
wswofHom.
Gtrnsheimy a tovim of Germany, in
the late palatinate of the Rhine, with a
caftle; feated on the Rhine, 10 miles
sw of Darmftadt^'
Gerdldjteitit a town of France, in the
department of Sarre, lately of Germany,
in the eletlt orate of Treves; fituate on
the Kill, 24 miles n of Treves.
Gerotia, a fortified toWn of Spain, in
Catalonia^ and a biihop's fee; feated on
the Ter, ao miles from its entrance into
the Mediterranean, and 56 ne of Bar*
celona. Lon. a 40 e, lat. 43 i k.
Gets, a department of France, which
includes the late provinces of Gafcony
and Armagnac. It has its name fro^ii
a river that waters Auch and Ledointt
and runs into the Garonne, above Ageh*
Auch is the capital.
Gersau, a town of Swiflerland, on
the lake of Schweltz, at the foot 4f tli«
^Ugi| t % ailel »w of Sdiw«its.
S.
. /
GH A
GerfruJeniurg:* a fortified town of S
Holbndt with Igood harbour and fal-
mon fimery on a large lake, called Bies
Bofch. It. has been often taken, the
laft time by the French in 1795. It is
eight miles N-by e of Breda. Lo.^. 4
5aE,lat.5i 44 N. ^
Gerumenha, a town of Portugal, m
i^lentejo, with a ftrong caftle; feated
on a hill, near the river Guadiana, 18
miles below Badajoz.
Gesekty a town of Germany, in the
duchy of Wcftphalia, fcatea on the
Weyck, 1 1 miles wsw of Paderborn.
Gessehaif' See Sanen.
Gtitriciat a province of Sweden, the
s part of Nordland, between Dalecarlia
on the, w and the gulf of Bothnia on the
i^. ItHs 100 miles long and 60 broad,
diverfified by forefts, rocks, hills and
dales, lakes and rivers; and there are
numerous mines and forges. Gefle is
the capital.
Gettysburgt a town of Pennfylvania,
In York county, fituate at the head of
Rock creek, one of the foiu-ces of the
Mpnococy, 30 miles w by i of York.
Gevaudan, a late territory of Fi ance,
. ift; Languedoc, bounded on the n by
Auytrgne, w by Rbuergue, s by tlie
Cevcnnes, and k by Vivarez. It now
forms the departmepibf Lozorc.
, Gtx, A town of France, in the depart-
ment of Ain, noted for excellent cheefe;
feated it the foot of Mount St. Claude,
between the Rhone, the lake of Geneva,
. and S wUTerland, 10 miles nw of Geneva.
; Gevsi, a. town of Germany, in the
principality of Fulda, feated on the
Ulfter,'i7 miles Np- of "Fulda.
tifZ'jn, or Gbezafit a feaport of Ara-
, bia Felix, which has a confiderable trade
'infenna arid coffee; feated on the Red
fca, 90 miles KW of Lbhcia. I^on. 4%
^i^e, lat. 16 iS N.
... Cezira, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in
"Diiarbek, on an ifland formed by the
..Tigris, 70 miks Nw'bf Mouful. Lon.
""40 50 E, lat. 36 ^6 N.
' ' Gtzula, a province of Morocco, which
is very produflivc, and contains mines
.of iron and copper. The inhabitants
iu-e numerous, and cbnfidcrcd as the
r©oft ancient people of Afriiea: they
live in tents, and are fo independent
'that they are fSither the allies than the
fubjefts of the emperOr of Morocco.
.. G\ana, or Cano, a city of Ncgroland,
capital of a country Of the fame name,
fOvemed by a fultan. Itftandson the
s fide of a large lake, at its outlet,
' which feparates the city into two parts,
and foon after joins the river Niger,
.which is here called Ned'il Abeed, or
"Kile "of tb« Nrgroi. Itisijo^ets
G H I
by 8 of Caffina. Lon. 13 %i e, lat. 16
15 N.
GAanara, a city of Ncgroland, capital
of the country of Wangara. The ar.
tides of trade are gold, fenna, and
Ilaves. It ftands on a branch of the Ni.
ger, a 80 miles se of Callina. Lon. u
40 E, lat. 13 20 N.
Ghentt or Gaud, a city of the Nether-
lands, lately the capital of Auftrian
Flanders, now the capital of 'the depart-
ment of Scheldt, and a bilhop'g fee. It
contains 58,000 inhabitants; but is not
populous in proportion to its extent.
The city is cut by many canals, which
divide It into 26 ifles, and over the canals
are 300 bridges. It has alfo two navi-
gable canals; the one to Sas van Ghent,
the other to Bruges and Oftend. Here
are feveral linen and woollen manufac-
tures, and it has a great trade in com.
The cathedral of St. Buvon, and the ab-
bey of St. Peter, are magnificent edi-
fices; in which, as alfo in the churches,
are for->e capital paintings by the beft
mafters. Charles v was bom here; but
the inhabitants have no reafon to rcfpeft
his memory; for he repeatedly loaded
them with heavy exadlions, and built a
citadel to awe them^ Here, in 1376,
was concluded the famous treaty, called
the Pacification of Ghent, the firft com-
mencement of the fe{»ration of iWen
provinces from the feventeen which
then formed the Netherlands. Ghent
lias been often taken ; the laft time by
the French, in 1794. It is feated on the
Scheldt, at the influx of the Lis. Lieve,
and Moeze, 26 miles nw of Bruflels.
Lon. 3 44 B, lat. 5 1 3 N.
^ Ghergong, a city and the capital of the
kingdom of Aflam. It is fenced with
batnboos, and has four gates conftrud-
ed of ftone and earth. The raja, or
king, has a fblendid paUce, furrounded
by a ditch full of water. It is feated
on the Degoo, near ittf conflux with the
Burrampooter, 400 miles ne of Calcutta.
Lon. 93 36 E, lat. 26 25 N.
Gheriah, a feaport of Hindooftan,OQ
the coaft of Concan. It was the capital
of Angria, a famous piratical prince,
whole fort here was taken, and his whole
fleet deftroycd, in 1756, by theEnglilh
and Mahrattas. It is 165 miles s by £ of
, Bombay. Lon. 73 8 e, lat. 16 4,5 n.
Ghiddore, a town of Hindooftan, in
Bengal, on the. confines of Babar, 84
miles sEof Fatna.
GMlan, a province of Perfia, on the
w fide of the Cafpian fea; fuppofed to
be the Hyrcania of the ancients- On
the w fide are high mountains, which
are covered with many forts of trees,
aod io the hi^hcft partS'of them are
o i B
itfTt bearS) wolves, leopards, and tigers.
It producefrabundance of iilk, oil, wine,
rice, tobacco, and excellent fruit. The
inhabitants are brave ; and the women
are accounted > extremely handfome.
This province was ceded to Ruflla, by a
treaty conchided at Peterlburg in 1724,
but no%poflL*fled by Riiflta till 1780.
Reft|t is the capital.
Ohilan, St. a town of France, in the
departmcrft of Nord, feated on the
Haina, five miles w of Mons.
Ghiztih or Gazna, a town of the coun-
tryof Cabul, once the capitalof a power-
ful empire of the fame name. It is
called the fecond Medina, from the
great number of illuftrious perfons who
have been interred here. It is 54 miles
s of Cabul. i.i0n. 68 ao e, lat. 3.8 40 N.
Ghourbond, a town of the country of
Gabul, 4a miles N w of Cabul.
Gibello, a town of Italy, in the duchy
of Parma, on the river Po, 16 miles n w
«f Parma.
Gibraleon, a town of Spain, in Anda->
lufia, with a harbo&r for fmall cra^, on
the river Odiel, S3 miles w of Seville.
Gibraltar, a town of Spain, in Anda-*
lulla, near a mountain of the fame name,
formerly called Calpe, which, with
Abyle, on the oppofite (here of Africa,
were called the Pillars of Hercules.
Tarick, a general of the Moors, built a
fortrefs here, which be called Gibel'
Tarick, that it. Mount Tarick. Since
that time a town has been built at the
foot of this rock, which it ftrongly forti-
fied. It can be approached only by a
narrow pafTage between the mountain
and the fea, acrofs which the Spaniards
have drawn a line, and forti^ed it, to
prevent the garrifon from having any
communication with the country. The
rock abounds in, partridges ; and on the
call tide, amid the broken precipices, is
a ftratum of bones, belonging to various
animals, enchafed in a reddifli calcareous
fione. Gibraltar was taken from the
Moors in 146a ; and in 1704 it fell into
the hands of the EngUih. The Spaniards
attempted to retake it the following
year{ and they befieged it again, in
1727, with as little fuccefs. It fuftained
afiegefrom July i779toFebruary 1783,
when the fiege was finally railed, on,
advice being received that the prelimi-
naries of peace were ligned ; but it may
be conlidcrcd as terminated on Sep-
tember 13, 178a, on the failure of a
grand attack made by the Spaniards,
whofefloatingbatteriesweredcftroyedby
redhot lhot,f rom thegarrifon. The num-
ber and ftrength of the military works,
ind tb»' vaft galleries opened in the cal-
cartous tof k, excite admiration j and
G t L
the fortrefs, in the opinion of molt oil-
gineers, is abfblutcly impregnable. Th(<
garrifon here is cooped up in a very
narrow compafs, and iii a w.ir . witft
Spain has no provifions but what are
brought from Barbary and l^nglandw
The ftrait of Gibraltar is i+ miles
long and 15 broad, and a ftiong current
always runs through it from the At-
lantic to the Mediterranean. Cibraltar
is a5 miles n of Ceuta, and 45 sk of
Cadiz. Lon. 5 ax vv, lat. 36 6 n.
Gibraltar^ a town of Terra Firma, ifl
Venc/ufla, defended by fome fortifica-
tions. The air is unheathful in the
rainy feafon, that the merchants, and
planters generally retire at that time to
Maracaybo. The environs produce the
belt cocoa in the province, arid an ex-
cellent kind of tobacco. It iltands on
the SE coaft of the lake Maracaybo, i aa
miles SSE of Maracaybo. Lou. 70 4J
w, lat. § 45 N.
Cierii a town of F'rance, in the de^
partment of Loiret, fe'at(!d on the Loircy
34 miles Es%jpf Orleans.
Giengertt a town of Suabia, on the
river Brentz, 18 miles nne of tJlni.
GUnzor, a town of Barbary, in Tri-
poli, 10 miles s of Tripoli.
Gieracet a town of Naples, in Calabria
Ulteriore, feated on a mouittain, near
the fea, 3a miles ene of Reggio..
Giesten, a fortified town of Germany,
in Upper HeflTe, with a citadel and a
univerfity. It belongs to the houfe of
Darmftadt, and is the feat of its regen-
cy for Upper Hefle. In 1759 it was
taken by tlie French , and it furrendered
to them in 1796, but was (bon after
taken by ^be Auftrians. It is feated oa
the Lahn, 16 fhiles wsw of Marburg^
Lon. 8 43 E, lat. ^o 35 n.
Giga, a fmall idand, one of the He-
brides, lying on the w coait of the pen-
infula of Cantyre, and included in Ar-
gylelliire. The inhabitants eitport corn^
meal, and kelp.
Giglio, a ftnall ifland on the coaft of
Tufcany, with acadle, 15 miles wsw of
Orbitello.
Gignocy a tovvn of France, in the de-
partment of Herault, on the river He-
rault, 14 niiles w of Montpellier.
Gihon. See Amu.
Gijon, or Gyon^ a fcaport of Spain*
in Aftuiisls, 'with an ancient caftle;
feated on the bay of Bifcay, a4 miles ne
of Oyiedo. Lon. 5 36 w, lat. 4334 w.
'.Giiles, St' a town of France, in the
department of Vendee, on the river.
Vie, near its mouth, 16 miles nnw of
Sables d'Olontie.
Gilolot an ifland, the largeft of the
Moluccas. It is 130 miles frwm n te %,-
S a
G I R
btit ia interfered by feveral large baysi
that the breadth of any limb feldom ex-
ceeds 40 miles. The flior^s are ia ge-
neral low, and the interior rifes in high
peaks. It does not produce any fine
fpices, but has a great deal of rice, and
abounds with oxen, buffalos, goats,
deer, and wild hogs. The fultans of
Ternate and Tidore fhare this illand
between them. The_ natives are in-
duftrious, particularly in weaving. One
of the chief towns is Tatany, on a
imall promontorv of the eaftem limb,
and only acceffible by ladders. Lon.
129 o Bt lat. o 24 N.
GimonU a town of France, in the de-
partment of Gers. la miles e of Auch.
Gingect a town of Hindooftan, in
the Camatic, ftrong both by nature and
art. betn^ feated on a mountain, who<e
top is divided into three points, on each
of which is a caftle. In 1750, it
was taken by the French. It is 38 miles
Nw of Pondicnerry. Lon. 79 35 B, lat.
la IS N.
Giorgievt a town of Ei^pean Tur-
key, in Walachia, near w. ch the Ruf-
fians gained a great yidory over the
Turks in 1 77 1. It is feited on the Da-
nube, 46 miles cw of Bi choreft.
Giovetumzot a town of Naples, in
Terra di Ban, with a caftle- It has
hich houfea and towers, built of po-
limed ftone with flat roofs, which give
it a Angular appearance. It is feated
bear the fea, 10 miles NW of Ban.
Glrestt a town of Perfia, in Kerman,
with a trade in wheat and dates, 100
miles B by N of Gombron.
Girget a town of Bgypt, capital of
the Said, and refidence of the bey of
Upper Egypt. It is about three miles
in clrcumterence, and contains feveral
Aiofques, bazars, and fquares, but no
marble buildings, or remains of ancient
ftriiAures. It ftands near the left bank of
the Nile, 1^0 miles nnw of £fne,|and
S40 s of Cairo. Lon. 31 52^ e, lat. a6
30 N.
Girgentit an cpifcopal town of Sicily,
in Valdi Mazara, vhh a caftle. It is
part of the ancient Agrigentum, and in
the vicinity are numerous remains of
temples, &c. ft ftands on a hill, near
the river St. Blaife, 50 miles s of Paler-
mo. Lon. 13 26 E, lat. 37 34 K.
Girondct a river of France, formed
by the union of the Garonne and Dor-
dogne. li miles K of Bourdeaux, which
runs into the bay of Bifcay after a knw
courfe of about 45 miles. At its mouth
is a famous tower and Hghthoufe, called
Cordouan, fituate on 9 rock in the fea^
60 miles Nirw of Banrdeaux. Lon. * 9
V, lat 45 j6 K.
GL A
Girtndet a department of Prance^
which includes part of the late provincft
of Guienne. It lies on both fides of
the Garonne, and has its name from
the lower part of that river, which is
called the Gironde. Bourdeaux is the
capital.
GiroHSt St- a town of France, in the
department of Arriege, on the Satat,
four miles s by e of St. Lizier.
Girvartt a town of Scotland, in Ayr-
fliire, at the mouth of the river Girvan,
which forms a tolerable harbour. The
inhabitants are chiefly weavers of cotton
and woollen cloths. It is 16 miles ssw
of Ayr.
Ghborough, a town in N Yorkfliire,
with a market on Monday. It is ce-
lebrated for being the firft place where
alum was made, as it was formerly
for its fine abbey. It is a 2 milns nw
of Whitby, and 447 m by w of Lon-
don.
Gisors, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Eure, feated on the £pt,
28 miles sE of Rouen.
Ghst/iiUf a town of Bohemia, which
fuffered greatly during the long war of
the Swedes in Germany. It is 22 miles
Kw of Koningf^ratz.
Qivet, a fortified town of France, in
the department of Ardennes, divided
by the Meufe into two parts, Givrt
Saint Uilaire and Givet Notre Dame,
the former fituate at the foot of a moun-
tian clofe by Charlemont, and the other
on the oppofite fide of the river. It is
so miles ne of Rocrby.
Giuldf a ftrong town of Upper Hun*
gary, on the frontiers of Tranf^vania
and the river Kere(blan, 30 miles sw of
Great Waradin. Lon. 20 40 £, lat. 4^
40 N.
GltJa Nuovot a tovra of Naples, in
Abruzzo Ulteriore, near the gulf of
Venice, 13 miles v of Atri.
Giulianot a town of Sicily, in Val
di Mazara, on a craggy rock, u miies>
NNE of Xacca.
Gittstaniielt a town of European Tur>
key, in Macedonia, and a Greek arch.
bifliop's fee, feated near Lake Och-
rida, 60 miles se of Durazzo. Lon. ao
36 E, lat 41 40 M.
Ghuht a fortified town of Egypt,
with a palace, feveral mofques, a can-
non foundery, and a manufacture of
coarfe earthen pots and tiles- A few
miles to thos&are the largeft pyramids
in the country. Gizeh was taken from
the French by the Britiih in i8ot. It
ftands on the left bank of the Nile^ nearly
oppofite Cairo.
Oiaibaeht a town of France, in the
dcj^arttneol of Rear, Ifttely of Oennanfi
OLA
jA tlie duchy of Juliers, with a Bene-
diAine abbejr* It hai manufaAures of
fine iirong hnen» and is feated on the
Ners, 16 miles N of Juliers.
QIadtnbachi a town of Germany, in
Upper HeiTe, x a miles v of Gieflen.
Glamtttist a town of Scotland, in
AngU8ihire» with manufaAures of yarn
and linen cloth. Ntar it, on the bank
of the Deari, is Glammis«caft]e» a large
fdifice, in which Malcolm 1 1 was mur-
dered- It is four miles sw of Forfar.
Glamtrganshire, a county of Wales,
48 miles long and a6 broad ; bounded
on the N by Carmarthenfhire and
Brecknockfliire, b by Monmouthfliire,
and s and w by the Briftol channel. It
contains 423,400 acres; is divided into
10 hundreds, and 118 parilhes; has
one city and five market-towns; and
fends two members to parliament. The
number of inhabitants in j8oi was
7hS*S- O" *^^ ^ ^^^^ '^ '^ moun-
tainous ; but being more level on the
s fide, it there bears large crops of com,
and very fweet grafs. Cattle abound
in all parts, there being fruitful valleys
among the mountains, that yield very
good padure. The other commodities
are lead, coal, iron, and limeftonc. Its
principal rivers are the Rumney, Taafe,
£lwy, Neath, and Tawy. Cardiff is the
principal town, and Swanfey the moft
commercial ; but the aflizes are held at
Cowbridge.
Glanfordbridgef or Brigy a town in
Lincolnfhire, with a market on Thurf-
day, and a good trade in com, coal, Uiid
timber. It is feated on the Ancholm,
which is navigable for floops to the
Humber, 23 miles n of Lincoln, and
I j6 N by w of London.
Claris, or Glarus, a canton of Swif-
ferland, bounded on the n by the river
Linth, E by the Griibns, and s by the
fame, the canton of Uri, and that of
Schweitz. It is a mountainous coun-
try ; and the chief trade is in cattle,
cheefe, and butter. The inhabitants,
eftimated at so,ooo, are partly proteft-
antt and partly catholics; and both
fedls live together in the greateft har-
mony. Glarus is furrounded by the
Alps, except toward the n ; and there
is no other entrance but through this
opening, which lies between the lake
of Wailenftadt, and the mountains
feparating this canton from that of
Schweitz,
Glarh, a town of SwifTerland, ca-
pital of a canton of the fame name. It
has manufadures of cloth, and a trade
in cattle, horfes, cheefe. Hates, and
wooden ware. In 17 gg, the Ruffians
G L A
under marihal Suwarrow advanced ai
far as this filace, and defeated the
French ; but, in confcquence of general
Hotze's defeat near Zurich, itetired
into the Grifons. Glaris is furrounded
by mountains, and feated on the river
Linth, 32 miles se of Zurich. Lon. 9
7 E, lat. 46 55 K.
Clasgo<uj, a city of Scotland, in La-
nerkihire, feated on the n- fide of the
Clyde, over which are two bridges.
From its extent, and the beauty and re-
gul3 -ity of its buildings, it is deemed
the lecond city in Scotland. The four
principal flreetp, which interfedl each
other at right angles, divide the city
nearly into four equal parts. Qlalgow
was once, an archiepiteopal fee. The
cathedral, or high church, is a magni-
ficent ftrudture, and divided into three
places of worfhip. There are five
other churches, beftde an Englifli
chapel, a Highland church, and many
places of worfhip for different denomi-
nations. Here is a celebrated univer-
fity; the |pgle college belonging to
which is an elegant building : the li-
brary contains a large and valuable col-
lei^ion of books ; and the obfervatory
is fitted up with the moft improved in-
flruments. The townhour^ is an ele-
gant building with a piazz;. tn front;
and oppofite it is the exchange, a fquare
building, with an equeftrian itatue of
William 11 1 in the centre. The toll-
booth, the guildhall, and the theatre,
are alfo worthv of notice. There are
feveral charitable eflablifhments; parti-
cularly the Merchant's hofpital and
that of the town, and a large infirmary.
Glafgow has a confiderable foreign
trade ; and its numerous manufadures,
particularly of muflin, cotton, calico,
coarfe woollen cloth, porcelain, glafs,
the rtfining of fugar, and the tanning
of leather, are carried on to a great
extent. The Clyde is navigable for
velTels of eight feet water as ftr as the
bridge ; but larger veffels ftop at Port
Glafgow, or Greenock, to unload ; it
has alfo the advantage of ^wo canals,
befide the Great Canal that joins the
Clyde to the Forth. In 1801, the
number of inhabitants in Glafgow, and
its fuburbs, was 86,630. It is 43 miles
w by s of Edinbm^. Lon. 4 15 w,
lat. S5 Si N-
Glattonbury, a town in Somerietihire,
eovemed by a mayor, with a market pa
Tuefday. It is feated near a high hill,
called the Tor, and famous for an ab-
bey, that occupied an ar^a of 60 acres,
of which fome confiderable ruins ftil]
remain j parUculariy th« kitchen, which
G LO
is the tnoft entire, and of a very unufual
contrivance. The George inn was t<)r-
inerly an hofpital for the accommoda-
tion of pilgrims who came to'the abbe^,
and to fee the holy -thorn, whtch, it
wad pretended; was planted by Jofeph
pf Arimathea, and blolTomed ton Chrift-
inas eve. It was alfo pretended, that
the bodies of Jofeph of Arimathea, of
king Arthur, and of JBdward the con-
feflbr,' were buried here. The laft ab-
bot of this place was hanged on the
top of the Tor, by order of Henry v i n,
for not acknowledging his fupremacy ;
and on this hill is a tower, which ferves
as a landmark to fcamen. Olaflonbury
has two churches, and a manufadure
pf worded ftockings. It is feated on
the river Brue, fix miles sw of Weljs,
and 134 w by 8 of London,
GJatz, 2 Sovereign county of Ger-
many, lying between Silcfia, Bohemia,
and Moravia, Atrrounded by mountains.
It is 40 miles long and 23 broad ; has
inines of coal, copper, and iron, good
auarries of marble and ft^nc, and fine
fprings of mineral watera. In 1742, it
was ceded to the king of Pruflia, by the
queen of Hungary, ancl is now deemed
a pait of Silefia.
GlatZf a ftrong town of Siltfia, ca-
pital c" the fy)unty of Glatz, feated on
the fide of a hill, by the river Neifle.
On the. top of the hi)! is an ancient
caitle, and a new citadel. In 1742, the
f*ruifia«8took the town by capitulation ;
and ir^ 1:760, the Auftrians took -it by
ftorm, but refi;ored it in 1763. It is 48
miles sse of Breflau, and St ene of
Prague Lon. 16 32 e, lat. 50 18 n.
GlaucAau, a town of Upper Saxony,
in Miihia, with confiderable manufac-
ture^ of ftufTs; feated on the Muldau,
nine railps n of Zwickau.
GifiwitZi a town of Silefia, noted
for the culture of hops and the weaving
of cloth, 34 miles se of Oppelen.
Glenarnty a town of Ireland, in the
county of Antrim, with a caftle ; feated
iwar a bay of its name, ao miles nnw
pf CarrickferguS:
Glenluce, a town of Scotland, in
Wigtpnfliire, with a harbour for fmall
yeifels. Near it is the ruin of an abbey.
It is feated on the river Luce, near its
entrance into Lucp bay, 1 6 miles w of
Wigton.
Glogaux ^ town of Silefia, capital of a
8rincipf(ljty of the fame name, which
,1, Vfry fertile, and produces wine.
"The -toyvn |s well fortified, and ftr-
merly ftood clofp by tbe Oder, which
has fince changeid its courfe, and now
^oyyn above 4 mtlp from it. p^f^de th«
G t O
papifts, there is a great number of pro.
teltants and Jews, tt was taken bf
the king of Pruflta in 1741. After th;
peace, in 1742. that king fettled the
fupreme court of juftice here; itbeing,
next to Breflau, the mod populoM
Elace in Silefia. It is 50 miles nw of
Ireflau. Lon. 16 14 e, lat. 51 3R n.
(jlogaui Little, a town of'Sik-lia,
with a collegiate church and Minorite
convent, 23 nniles s of Oppelen.
Glomme, a river of Norway, in the
provincfc of Aggerhuys, which flows
into the North fca, at Fredericftadt. It
receives the rivor Worme, which ifliies
from the lake Mios, aird is not navigable
in any part of its courfe from this lake
to Fredericftadt, the ftream being in-
tercepted by fuch frequent cataraftg
and flioals, as, in fome places, to render
it neceflary to drag the treos, which are
floated down, over the ground. At
lead jo.ooo trees are annually floated
by this river to Fredericftadt. '
Gloucester, a city and the capita) of
Gloucefterfliire, with a market on Wed-
nefday and Saturday. It is a couhty of
itfelf, governed by a mayor, and feated
on the E fide of the Severn, where, by
two ftreams, it makes the ifle of AIney.
It was fortified with a wall,, which
Charles 11, after the reftoratiori, order-
ed to be demoliihed. The four prin-
cipal ftreets have their junction in the
centre of the town. It once contained
It churches, but now has only five,
befide the cathedral, in which are a
large cloifter, a whifpering gallery, and
the tombs of Robert duke of Norman-
dy and Edward 11. It has five hof-
pitala, two freefchools, and a large
county gaol. In 1801 the number ti
inhabitants was 7579. Great quantities
of pins are made h6re ; and there are n
incorporated trading companies. Ships
come up by the Severn to the bridge ;
but the navigation being circuitous and
diificult, a canal is made hence to
Berkeley, at the head of which is a
bafin fit for the reception of loo veflels.
The city and neighbourhood contains
many remains of abbeys ; and thnfe of
Lantfony abbey, in the s fuburb, are
converted into outhoufcs belonging to
adjacent farms. Glouccfter is 24, mile*
NE of Briftol, and 104 w by n of Lon-
don. Lon. 2 16 w, lat. 5 1 50 n.
Ghucetter, a feaport of Maflachufets,
in EiTeit county, and on the peninfula
of Cape Ann, which forms the n fide
of Maflachufets bay. The harbour is
acceflible for large fhips, and defended
by a battery and citadel. It is one of
the moft confiderable fiihing-towns ^
60 A
the United States* and i6 miles nb of
Salem. Lon. 70 40 w, lat..4a 36 n.
Gloucestert a town of Vitvinia, chief
of a fertile county of the fame name-
It ftands on a point of land on the n
fide of the mouth of York river, 17
miles NF. of York -town, and 70 £ by a
of Richmond.
Ghucejtfi; New, a town of the di-
buA of Maine, in Cumberland county,
ij miles N of Portland.
Gloucester jfi ire, a county of England,
£0 miles long and z6 broad ; bounded
on the w by Hercforilfhire and Mon-
mouthfhire, n by Worcefterfliire, e by
Warwickfhire and Oxfordfliire, and s
by Wiltfliire and Somerfetfliire. It
contains 800,000 acres ; is divided into
27 hundreds, and 280 pariihes i has
two cities and 25 market-towns ; and
fends to members to parliament. The
aumber of inhabitants in 1801 was
250,809. The air is iharp in the s, or
hilly part, called the Coteswold; but
very mild in the rich vale that occupies
the centre, through which the river
Severn flows. The w jjart, which is
thefmalleft diitriA, is varied by hill and
dale, and is chiefly otcupied by the
foreit of Dean. The ftaple commodi-
ties of the county are its woollens and
cheefe. Its principal rivers are the
Severn, Warwickfliire Avon, Lower
Avon, Wye, Thames, Coin, and Lech.
Gluckstadt, a feaport of Lower Sax-
ony, capital of the duchy of Holftein,
with a ftrong caftle. It has a confider-
able foreign trade, the principal branch
of which is the whale iilhery. It is feated
on the Elbe, near its mouth, a8 miles
Kw of Hamburg. Lon. 9 a8 e, lat.
53 .5» N.
Glurens, a town of Germany, m the
county of Tyrol, on the river Adige,
24 miles w by K of Meran.
Gneien, or Gnesna, the c<lpital of
Great Poland, and an archbifiiop's fee,
whofe prelate was primate of Poland.
The cathedral contains a vaft treafure of
coftly veflels and veftments; and its
gates, of Corinthian brafs curioufly
wrought, belonged fbhnerly to a Greek
monaflery in Taurica Cherfonefus. It
was the flrft town built in the king-
dom, and formerly more confiderable
tlian at prefent. It is 90 miles N by e
of Breflau, and 125 w by k of Waruw,
lion. 17 40 E^lat. 5 a 28 N.
< Goa, a city of Hindooftan, in the
Concan, and the capital of the Portu-
guefe fettlements in India. It ftands on
the Nfide ofian ifland, za miles long
and fix bro^d, foilmed by the river
Mandova, whidiistcaoable of receiving
tbc tergeft.ihip8.vTAe viceroy's par
III
^ G O C
Uce is a noble building, at a fmall dif-
tance from the river. Here are a great
number of handfome churches and con-
vents, and a ftatelv hofpital. The
houfes are large, and make a fine ap«
pearance, but are poorly fumifhcd.
The mairket-place takes up an acre of
ground $ and in the ihops about it way
be had the produce of Europe, China,
Bengal, and other countries. The in*
habitants are contented with greens*
fntits, and roots, which, with a little
bread, rice, and fifli, is their principal
diet, though they have hogs and fowls
in plenty. Their religion is the Roman
catholic, and the clei / are numerous
and illiterate. Only one of the churches
has glafs windows i for they make ufe
of clear oyfter-ihells inllcad of |rla|^»
and all their fine houfes have the fame.
Goa has few manufactures or produc-
tions, the be(t trade being in arrack*
which is diftilled from the fap of the
cocoa-nut tree. The harbour is de^
fended by feveral forts and batteries.
It is 250 miles s by e of Bombay. Lon;
73 45 ^»'at. 15 31 N.
Goalpara, a town of Hindooftan, in
Bengal, where the Europeans bavj
factors, who carry on a great trad
with Aflam, Bootan, Tibet, &c
ftands on the left bank of the Durrum*
pooter, 38 miles e of Rangamatty-
Goar, St. & fortified town of France^
m the department of Rhine and Ma-
felle, lately of Germany, and the capi*
tal of the lower county of Catzenel*
lenbogen. It is feated on the Rhine,
under the ftupendous rock and caft(H
of Rheinfels, with which it furrendereU
to the French in 1794- It has a con.-
fiderable trade in wines and bides, and
i» 17 miles se of Coblentz.
Goarshausen, St. a town of Germany^
in the circle of Upper Rhine, and lower
county of Catzeuellenbogen. On a
mountain near it is a ftrong caftle called
Catze. It is feated on the Rhine, op-
pofite Rheinfels, 10 miles sw of Naflau.
Goave, Grand, a town of St. Dor
mingo, near the feacoaft. The environs
contain plantations of fugar, coffee,
indigo, and cotton. It is 10 miles ssw
of Leogane.
Goave, Petit, a feaport of St. Domin-
go, and the ftaple to which the traders
in Grand Goave and other places fend
their commodities. It is ao miles sw'
of Leogane.
Gobin, St. See Fere.
Goe/t, a town off France, in the de-
partment of Roer, lately of Germany,
m the duchy of Cleve; feated on the
Niers, eight miles s of Clcve.
Gochiheim, . or Gothien, a towti tjjf
OOD
Suabuu in the duchy of Wirtciaberft
i6 roilef s of Heidelberg.
Octhnot a town of Sardinia* capital
of a county of the fame namei with a
eaftle, fieatcd on the Thurfii* aj miles ■
of A Iff her.
Oedalmitig, a town in Surry, with a
market on Saturday^ and manufaAurei
of Aockingt and coarie woollen cloths.
|t is feated on the Wey, where it di-
vidfs into feveral ftreams, four miles
tft of Guildford and 34 of London.
Gtdav*iyt a river of Hindooftan,
which b'18 its fources in the Sukhien
snountaicR. 70 miles to the Nf of fiom-
hsf- In the upper part of its courfe it
is cftcemed a facrcd river by the Hin«
doos» who call it Gongat a term for a
river in general. After crofling Dowla-
tabad and Golcondat from w to c, it
turns to the 88| and receiving the Bain
about 90 miles above the fea, divides
Into two principal channels at Kaja*
mundlry ; and thcfe fubdividing again*
fbrm altogether feveral tide harbours,
for veflels of moderate burden, at its
different mouths in the bay of Bengal.
Its courfe is eftimatcd to be above 700
niles i and extenfive rorafls of teak
Imbtr border on its baifksy vrithin the
fountains.
GodtrviUti a town of France, in the
department of Lower Seinet nine milca
WKofMontivilliers.
GotUnxt a town of Moravia, with a
fine caltle, feated on a branch of the
Afarcbe, .'^8 miJea ss of Brunn.
Gcdmanthater, a corporate town
in liuntingdonfliire, nirted from Hun-
tingdon bj the river Oule. It is feated
in a rich fertile foil, which yields great
plenty of coro. When James i came
through it from Scotland, the inhabit-
ants met him with 70 plougb8,drawn by
as many |eam< of liories ; for which no-
vel fighthegra ted them a charter. Here
is a fchool railed The free grammar*
(chopi of que«n Elifabeth, }t is 59
mile!) N by w of London.
Godr«, a town of Hindooftan, in
Guzerat, 55 miles b of Amedabad,
Lon. fi 40 E, lat. 22 50 V.
Godwin. Sandu fandbanks off the f,
coaft of Kent, in England, between the
X^ and S Foreland- They run parallel
with the coafl for iq miles, at about
feven miles diftant, and add to the fe-
ourity ofthecapaciou&road, the Oonns.
Tbcle iands occupy the fpace that was
forfn^rly a large tradt of ground bc-r
Ipi^lag to Godwin earl of Kent, father
pf kmg Harold ; and which being after-
ward ^iven tp the monaftery of St.
Auguitin, at Canterbury, the abbot
H^lefiiiig to kefp in repair ^he wall
G OL
that defended it from the (ca, the whole
traA was drowned in the year uoo,
leaving thefc fands, upon which many
fhips have been wrecked. V
Ootst or Ter Gots, a ftrong town of
Hollantl, in Zealand, capital of the
illand of S Heveland. It has a con.
fiderable trade, particularly in fait and
com. The great church was burnt
down in 1648, and another was built
which is a handfome ftruAurc. It cotii'
municates with the Scheldt by a canal,
and is to miles e of Middlcburg. Lon.
3 50 », lat. 51 3^ N.
Gogard, a to. n of Sweden, in E
Gothland, 23 miles mnw of Linkioping.
Gog«, a town of Hindooftan, in
Guzerat, with a good tide harbour, at
the mouth of a river, in the gulf of
Cambay, 100 miles ssw of Amedabad.
Lon. 71 ji^ E, lat. SI 45 N.
Gtgrot or Storjewt a river which
ilTues from Lake Lankee in Tibet, and
forcing its way through Mount Him-
malrh, pervades the province of Oude,
in Hindpoftan, where it takes a se di-
re<5llon, and unites with the Ganges,
above Chuprah, in the province of
Bahar.
^ Gohudt a town of Hindooftan, ca-
pital of a circar of the fame name, in
the province of Agra, 63 miles sse of
Agra. Lon. 78 44 b, lat. 26 14 k.
GoitOf a town of Italy, in the Man-
tuan, feated on the river Mincio, 'be.
tween the lake of Mantua and that of
Oarda, i j miles nw ef Mantua.
- Golcondat a country of the Deccan of
Hindooftan, between the lower parts of
the rivers Kiftna and Godavery, and
the principal part of Dowtatabad. It
was^ formerly called Tellingana, or
Tilling, and is fubjeA to the nizam of
the Deccan. Here are diamond mines,
the moft conflderable in the world;
alfo mines of fait, fine iron, plenty of
vines, and curious calicos and chintfei.
Hydrabad is the capital.
Golconda, a fortrefs of Hindootlan, in
the country of the fame name, fix miles
WNW of Hydrabad* and joined to that
city by a wall of communication. It
occupies the fummit of a conical hill^
and IS deemed impregnable. When
Aurungzebe conquered the kingdom of
Golconda, in 1687. this fbrtfefs was
taken poflefTion of by treachery.
Gold Coast, a maritime country of
Guinea, where the Europeans have fe-
veral forts and fettlements. It is about
%%• miles in length from w to c, be-
tween the rivers Aiicainr and Volta ;
and includes feveral diftriAs, in which
are two or tbrte towns or villages,
lying on t^ fedhore. ^vcQ of the
OOM
tfftriAtare dignified with the title of
IdnKdomi. though they contain but a
fmail extent of land along the coaft.
Tiic natives are generally very rich, at
they carry on a great trade with the
Europeans for gold } and many of them
areentployed in f.ftiing, and cultivating
rice, which growa in incredible qu«n-
titiM. This thcry exchange whh others
for maiue. yams, potatoes, and palm
oil. Moft of the inhabitants go naked $
and thofe who are boft clothed have
only fume yards of ftuff wrapped about
their middle. , «.. ^ . .
Goldberg, a town of Silefia, m the
principality of Lignitz. It has manu-
fadures of wonllefk and linen, and is
feattd at the foot of a mountain, on the
river Katzbach, 1 1 n)ile;« sw of Lignitz.
Golden Jslantl, a fmall ifland at the
entrance of the gulf of Darien, where
the Scots attempted to make a fettle-
mcnt in 1698. Lon. 77 10 w, lat. 9 o N.
GtUingen, a town of the duchy of
Courland, with a caftle, formerly the
refidcnce of the dukes. It is featcd on
the Wela, 60 miles w of Mittau. Lon.
s:»iE,lat. 5648 N.
Goldsborough, a feaport of the diftrldt
of Maine, in Hancock county, fituate
on an inlet of the fea, 47 miles k of Caf-
tine. Lon. 68 20 w, lat. 44 a8 N.
Goletta, a fortrefs of Tunis, on a nar«
row channel between the lake of Tunis
and the fea. In 1536, it was taken by
Charles v when he attempted the flege
of Tunis, and kept by the Spaniards till
ij74, when it was taken from them by
Selim M. It is 25 miles n of Tunis.
GoUingt a town of Germany, in the
duchy 01 Salzburg, 14 miles sse of Salz-
burg.
Golnotui a town of Hither Pomcra-
nia,feated on the Ilna^ ii miles ne of
Stettin.
Goiof a new department of France,
including the n part of Coilica. It has
its name from a river, which rifes near
the centre of the iHand, and runs into
the fea, li miles s of Baftia, the chief
town.
GoiphingtMt a town of the ftate of
Georgia, chief of Wafhington county,
fituate near the head of the Ogeechee,
37 miles wsw of Augufta, and 50 nnw
of Louifville.
Goluh, a town of W Pruflia, in the
diftrift of Culm, on the river Dribenz,
13 miles NB of Thorn.
Gombrotit or Gambrofi, a feaport of
Perfia, in Lariftan, called by the natives
Bender Abafli. The beR houfes are
built of brick, flat at the top, with a
fquire turret} butthe common people
00 N
have hots, made with the bouehs of
palm-trees, and covered with Teavec.
It was formerly much frequented by
people of I'everal nations. The a^iacent
foil is baiTen, Init provifions broughe
from other countries art; plentiful. It
is feated on a bay of the ftrait of Ormus*
160 miles K of Lar. Lon. 56 10 e, lat*
S7 18 H.
Oomtrot one of the Canary iflandn,
between Ferro and Teneriff, ao niilei
long and 10 broad. Here is corn ftiffi-
cient to fupport the inhabitants, a fugar
work, and great plenty of wine aiul
fruits. It has a town of the fame namet
with an excellent harbour, where the
Spanifli (hips often take in refrdli-.
ments. Lon. 17 8 w, lat. 38 6 n.
Gommern, a town of Upper Saxony,
with a caftle, fituate near the Elbe,
eight miles se of Magdeburg.
GomSf a town of Swiflerlandy in the
Valais, 33 miles K of Sion.
Gonaivest a feaport of the ifland of
St. Domingo, with an excellent har-
bour. Here is a medicinal fpring, with
baths and accommodations for vifitors.
It is 30 miles se of St. Nicholas. Lon.
7% a6 R, lat. 1936 N.
Gonave, an ifland in the W IndieSL^
Dear the w coaft of St. Domingo, 34'
miles long and three broad. At its sK'
comer, feparated by a channel tYiree
miles wide, is Little Gonave, .in ifle
about two miles each way. Lon. 7*
45 w. lat. 1854 M.
GonJar, the metropolis of Abyflinia»
fituate on a hill of confiderable height.
The palace of the ncguz, or king, is at
the w end, flanked with fquarc; towcrr.
The houfes are chiefly of clay ; the rtmfs
thatched in the form of cones. The
inhabitants are- eftimated at 40,000.
They have no ftiops; but carry on
their trade in a large fquare, where they
expole their merchandife upon m.its.
Gold and rock felt are the only money
ufed: each bar of fait is a foot in
length, and they break off as much aa
they agree for in the purchafe of fmall
wares. There are about 100 churches,
and the patriarch depends on that of
Alexandria. It is 180 miles se of Sen-
nar. Lon. .'?7 33 E,lat. is 34 n.
Gondegama, or Gondlacomma, a river
of Hindooftan, which rifes near Com-
bam, forms the nominal boundary of
the Carnatic on the n, and enters the
bay of Bengal, at Mootapilly.
GondrecQurty a town of France, in the
department of Meufe, feated on the
Orney, ao miles s of St. Michael.
Goadremillet a town of France, in the
department of Meurthe, with a caftle»
*■
i
GOO
and a magniBcent hofpital. It ftandi
on a hill, on the river Mofielle, eight
milra w of Nancy.
CoHttse, a town of France, in the dc'
pnrtmcnt of Seine and Oife, feated on
the Crouldi lo milei nr of Parii.
Confooda. Seu Gut^Ja.
Gcngot a town of European Turkey,
in Romania, feated near the fea of Mar-
mora, 37 miles nk of GalUpoIi. Lon.
37 3lK.lat. 40 S.!"-
Geryabt a kinffdom of Africa, be-
tween thecoaft of Guinea on the s, and
TombuAoo on the N. Cionjah, thcca*
Eital, is 8;o miles w by 8 of Caffina.
on. 6 10 w, lat. i^ ao n.
Good Hofif, Caf^of, the sw extremity
of Africa, difcovcred by the Portugueic
>n 14,19, and made a Dutch fettlement
in 1660. Here is a nent town called
Capc-towp, rifing in the midil of a dts
fert, furrnunded by black and dreary
mountalnfl. To the se of the town are
fome vineyards, which yield tht: famous
wine calk'd Conftantia. The ftore-
houfes of the Dutch £ India Company
arc fituate next the water, and the pri>
yate buildings lie bcvond them, on a
gentle aicent toVraril the mountains.
,The Caftle, or principal fort, which
' ommands the road, is on the e ftde ;
rand anoVi«^r ftrong fort, called Am(l <•
dam Fort, is on the w fide. The ftreets
are broad and regular ; and the houfes,
in general, are built of ftone, and white-
waflied. Here are two churches ; one
for the Calvinifts, the eftabliihed re-
lipfion, the other for the Lutherans.
1 he flaves are lodged and boarded in a
Ipacious houfe, where they are likewife
kept at work : thefc flaves, a few Hot-
tentots excepted, were all originally
brought from the £ Indies, and princi-
Eally from Malacca. Another great
uilding ferves as an hofpital for the
failors belonging to the Dutch E India
fiiips which touch here: it is fituate
clofe to the Company's gardens, to
Vifhich the convalelcents have free ac-
cefs. The inhabitants, though ftout
and athletic, have not all that phlegm
about them which is the charadteriftic
ofthe Dutch in general. The ladies are
lively, goodnatured, familiar, and ^ay.
The heavy draught-work here is chiefly
performed by oxen, which are brought
to an uncommon degree of docility and
ufefulnefs. The inhabitants, in ge-
neral, travel in a kind of covered wa-
gons, drawn by oxen, which better fuit
the roughnefs ofthe count^-y than more
elegant vehicles ; but fome of th« prin-
cipal people keep coaches, which are
drayn by borf^s. The ^ountaip^ bc;
GO R
hind Cape-town are, the Table Moun.
tain, which is the higheft ( the Siinr.
loaf, fu named from its form ; the Uod j
Head, Charles Mount, and Jmt%
Mount, or the Lion's Rump. Prom
thefe mountains dcfcend fevrral rivultti
which flow into the different bays, u
Table Bay, Falfe B.iy. &c. The view
from the Table mountain is very t^.
tenlive } and along the valleys and ri.
vulets, among thefe mountains, are a
great number of plantations. This line
Dutch colony furrendcred by capitula.
tion to the Hritifh in 1795, was n-ftor-
ed in i8oa by the treaty of Amiens, and
again furrendered to the Britilh in tSoft-
CapC'town ftands on the w fide of
Table bay, in lon. ib 13 e, lat. 33 56 s.
Sec Hat t emits, Countrif ofthe.
Goomtt/, a river of Hindooftan, which
fifes in the Rohilla country, flows sk
by Lucknow and Jionpour, and enters
the Ganges, a little below Benares.
Gooracpour, a town of Hindooftan,
in the country of Oude, 65 miles b of
Fyzabad. Lon. 83 .^5 e, lat. ;6 45 v,
Gootyt a town and fortrefs of Hin-
doollan, capital of a diftri^ of the fame
name, on the n fide of the Pcnnar, for*
mer'y fubjedt to the regf nt of. Myfore^
bul ceded to the nizam of the Deccan
in 1796. It is 46 miles ssw of Canpul.
Lon. 77 48 E, lat. 15 ij N.
Goppingertt a town of Suabia, in the
duchy or Wirtcmburg, with a caftle, a
woollen manufa^ure, and a celebrated
medicinal fpring. It (lands on the iv-
vuiet Vils, 22 miles se of Stutgard.
Goragott a town of Hindooftan, in
Bengal, 94 miles ne of Moorfliedabad.
Lon. 89-22 E, lat. 35 14 N.
Goreum, or Gerichem, a town of S
Holland, which has a confiderable trade
in corn, cheefe, and butter. It is featsd
on the Linghe, at its jundlion with the
Wahal, 12 miles k of Dort, and 3a s of
Amflerdam.
Gore Islajid, an ifland in the PaciHc
ocean, fo named by captaiu Cook, who
difcovcred it in 1778. It is 39 miles
long, and appeared to be barren and
uninhabited. Cape Upright, the se
extremity, is in Ipn. 172 50 w, lat. 6a
30 N.
Corefi a fmall ifland of Africa, near
Cape Verd, of great importance on ac-
count of its good trade, and defended
by two forts. The French furrendered
it to the Britifl) in 1800 ; it was retaken
in January 1804, by the French; and
they were compelled to furrcnder it
agam in March following. Lon. 17 25
yr, lat. 1440 k.
Coree, a town of HoUandi capital of
I
le Table Moun.
•eft i the Siijpr.
onnithelJon,
\ and Jamn
Rump. p,o„
1 fi'veral riruleti
iff«Tent bayi, «,
ocC' . '"'''* view
tain ii very ^v
vallcyg and ri-
iOuntaini, are a
ion». Thwfinc
'vd by capitula.
95» wasn-ftor.
of Amiem, and
; Britilh in 1806.
the w fide of
ofthe.
Ddooftan, which
untry, flows ss
our, and enters
w Benares,
of ilindooftan,
;, 65 miles e of
e, lat. :6 45 n.
ortrefs of Hin.
x\&. of the fame
:he Pcnnar, for-
:» nt of. Myfor^
of the Deccan
ssw of Canpul.
N.
Suabia, in the
with a caftle, a
id a celebrated
inds on the ri-
F Stutgard.
Hindooftan, in
Moorflicdabad.
N.
a town of S
fiderable trade
\r. It is feattd
idtion with the
rt, and 1%. s of
in the Pacific
ii(\ Cooic, who
It is 30 miles
>e barren and
right, the sb
50 w, lat. 60
f Africa, near
jrtance on ac-
and defended
h furrendered
t was retaken
French; and
furrcnder it
Lon. 17 25
pd| capital pf
G O S
an ifland oF the fame name* at the
fouthem mouth of thr Maefe. It ii \%
n,;iet ssw of Driel. Lon. 4 ao k, lat.
5' ♦* ^' „ «, 1 I
Corey. Si"* Nfwhtrtu^h.
GerroHa, a fmall ifland of Italy, x6
miles trom the coaft of Tufcany, near
which large quantitien of anchovies are
talcen. Lon. 10 o e, Ut. 43 2a n.
Gorf^ona, an ifland in the Pacific
ocean, iB miles from the coaft of Po-
payan. It is hi^h land, very woody,
and about 10 miles in circumference.
Lon. 77 50 w, lat. 3 6 n.
Goritz, or Garttia, a town of Ger-
many, in Carniola, capital of a county
of its name, with a caftle. II»'re an?
copfidcrable manufaAures of leather,
and the environs produce wine, fniit,
com, and filk. In 1797, it was taken
by tiie French. It ftands on the Lifonzo,
on the frontiers of Friuli, la miles ne
ofPalma, and 40 w of Laubach. Lon.
iV.^H E, lat. 46 s N.
iSoritz, a town of Brandenburg, in
the New mark, on the river Oder, eight
miles s of Cuftrin.
Gorkah, the capital of a country of
the fame name, in Afia, on the borders
of Napaui, 35 miles nw of Catmandu,
and 200 n of Benares. Lon. 84 36 E,
lat. 28 15 N.
Gorlitz, a ftrong town of Upper Lu-
fatia, with a celebrated academy. The
inhabitants arc above 1 2,000, and carry
on a confiderable trade in linen and
woollen cloth. It is feated on the
Neifla, 58 miles e by n of Drefden.
Lon. 15 II E, lat. 51 9 V.
Gorze, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Mofelle, feated on a hill,
eight miles sw of Meta.
Gonke, a town of Lower Saxony, in
the duchy of Magdeburg, 24 miles e by
N of Magdeburg.
Goschutzt a town of Silefia, with a
caftle, 14 miles N of Oels.
Goshen, a town of New York, chiof
of Orange county, 56 miles N of the
city of New York.
Goihen, a town of Connecfticut, in
Lichfield ^oanty, famous for excellent
cheefe, feven miles nnw of Mchfield-
Ges/ar, a city of Lower Saxony, in
the territory of Bnmfwick. It derives
its prihcipal fubiiftence from the neigh-
bouring iron mines, manufa^ures of
brafs and copiper, and brewing. Here
the art of making gunpowder is faid to
have been difcovemi by a monk. It is
feated on the river Gofe, at the foot of
a mountain, ^called Rammeliberg, 28
miles s of Brunfvinck. Lon. 10 31 e,
ht. 51 j7n; . .,:-.
GOT
Gosfort, a fortified town in Hamp*
Ihire, on the w fide of the harbour of
Portfmouth, over which is a ferry. It
bat a market on Saturday, and a. con>
fiderable trade, efpccially in times of
war, from its contiguity to the naval
arfenal at Portfmouth. In 1801 the
niiiitbcr of inhabitants was 11,29s.
Here are feVeral brevreries, an extenfive
iron foundery, and a royal hofpital.
called Haflar Hofpital, for the fick and
wounded of the royal navy. It is 15
miles sK of Southampton, and 73 sw of
Londui^
(iossweinstein^ or (lojsmanstei/i, a
town uf Franconia, in the principality of
Bamberg, on the Putlach, ao miles ksb
of Bambeig.
(iostf/nen, or Gtjtav'm, a town of Po»
land, in the palatinate of Rava, with a
cadle on a rock, 36 miles nb of Rava.
Lon. 20 40 E, lat. ji 54 N.
^ Gothot a town of Upper Saxony, ca-
pital of a duchy of the fame name, in
Thurineia. It is the refidence of the
duke yf Saxe-Gotha, whofe palace con-
tains a fine library, and a rich cabinet
of coins. Near it is the ducal obierva- _^^
tory of Sccbergc, the mod beautiful and^
ufeful in Germany. Gutha has a found- ^
ery for cannon, a porcelain maoufac^
ture, and a coniiderablo trade in wool-
lens, wood, and beer. It is feated on
the Leine, 16 miles w by s of £rfurt.
Lon. 10 48 E, lat. 505 1 v.
Gotha, a river of Sweden, which if-
fues from the sw extremity of Lake
Wenner, flows by Trolhatta (where it
forms a catarad) and Bahus, and enters
the North fea, at Gotheburg.
Gothard, St. a celebrated mountain of
Swiflerland, in the canton of Uri. It is
9075 feet above the lea, and as miles s
of Altorf. Though not the higheft
mountain, it is deemed the principal
fummit of the Helvfti-in Alps ; for in
its vicinity rife the rivers Tefino, Aar,
Reufs, and Rhine, which flow hence in
every direction.
Gotfieburgf or XSotbenborg, a city of
Sweden, capital of W Gothland, feated
at the mouth of the Gotlia, which
forms an excellent liarbour; the belt
fituate for foreign trade of any in the
kingdom, as it lies on the Categat.
Here is a coniiderablo herring fiftiery ;
and a great trade in fait, iron, and fir-
planks; and from this port the Swedifli,
E India fliips take their departure. The
inhabitants arc computed at ao,ooo. Its
enviroos prefent a uniform fcene of
barren rocks, on the fides of which part
of the fabtirbs are built. I'^e interior
of the city refemblee in fome refpedts
GOT
the towns of Holla.. J, having canals
%vith rows of tre«8 along their margin.
In i8o2 nearly a fonrth part of the city
vas confumcd by a fire. It is i8o miles
svv of Orebro. Lon. ii 39 E,lat. 57
Gothland, one of the five general di-
vtfions of Sweden ; bounded on the n
by Sweden Proper, e and s by the Bal-
tic, and w by the Sound, the German
ocean, and Norway. This country is
inhabited by a nation, celebrated for
their txcurfions and invafions of other
countries, which had it^ origin from the
Geta;, or Tartars of ihc Crimea. The
Goths had kings of their own till 1 13s,
■when they were united lo Sweden. It
includes nine province^ and the ifles of
Gothland and CbUnd.
Gothland^ an ifiand of Sweden, in the
Baltic, jro miles from n to s, and 25 in
its grcateft breadth. From its form
and tituation it has obtained the lame
of the % of the Baltic. The foil is fer-
tile, and remarkable for an excellent
breed of Iheep. Here are fine woods of
oak and pine, quarries of excellent
ftone, and very good liipeftone. Wilby
[ is the capital.
I Gothland, East, a province of Sweden,
*in the divifion jf Gothland, between
the Baltic on the E and Lake Wetter
on the w, 80 miles long and 70 broad.
The foil is fertile, and produces abund-
ance of all forts of grain. It has fine
orchards, paftures, lakes, and rivers^
forelts of oak and birch, iron-mines,
and quarries of ftone and marble. The
chief town is Nordkoping.
Gothland, IVeit, a province of Sweden,
in the divifion of Gothland, between
the' lakes Wettrr and Wenner, 130
miles long and from sj to 70 broad.
The foil and produce are fimilar to E
Gothland. The chief town is Gothe-
burg.
Gottcjhnrfr, a tov.n of Silefia, where
great quantities of worfted ftockings are
knit, 16 miles sw of Schweidnitz.
Gottin[(en, a city of Lower Saxony,
in the duchy of Brunfwick. Here
George 11 of Great Britain founded a
univerfity, which has acquired a very
diftinguifhed reputation ; and it con-
tains one of the moft capital libraries in
Europe. There are alfo many other
literary inftitutions, and a commandery
of the Teutonic order. The woollen
manufadtures are the principal fupport
of the inhabitants. It is fealcd on '.lie
Leinc, 58 miles s of Hanover. Lon. 9
53 E,lat. 513* N.
Gottinf^cn, Nttu^ a town of the ftate
of Georgin, in Burke county, on the w
G R A
bank of the Savanna, 18 miles k of
Waynefborough.
Gottleube, a town of Upper Saxeny
in Mifnia, on a river of the fame lume
18 milesssE of Dreiden. , '
Gottorptu iown of Denmark, in the
duchy of Slefwick. Here is an old
pauce, formerly the ducai refidence
from which the ducal line, formed br
Adolphus, fon of Fredeiic i, was de.
nominated Holftein-Gottorp, which ftill
fubfifts in the perfon of the emperor of
Ruflia. Gottorp is feated at the bot<
tom of an arm of the fea, called the
Sley, four miles wsw of Slefwick. Lon.
9 36 E, lat. 54 36 N.
Gottschee, a town of Germany, ig
Carntola, with a caftle, 17 miles nne of
Fiume.
Govant a town of Scotland, in Ren.
frewfhire, near the river Clyde, five
miles w of GlafgoW) and fix b by s of
Renfrew.
Goudat or Tergoinu, a ftrong town
of S Holland, celebrated for its noble
church, and painted glafs windows,
fuppofed to be the fineft in Europe.
Great q'lanitics of yam and tow are
made here, alfo good cheefe and to-
bacco-pipest It is feated on the Yflel,
at the influx of the Gouw, 10 miles nb
of Rotterdam.
Governolot a town of Italy, in the
Mantuan, feated on the Mmcio, u
miles s£ of Mantua.
Goura, or Gurot a town of Poland, in
the palatinate of Mafovia, on the Vif.
tula, 14 miles se of Warfaw.
Gouraincourt, a town of France, in
the department of Meufe, 15 miles ne
of Verdun.
Gourdon, a town of France, in the
department of Lot, 25 ntiles n of Ca<
hors.
Gournai/t 9, town of France, in the
department of Lower Seine, feated on
the Epte, 24 miles e of Rouen.
Gourock, a town of Scotland, in Ren*
frewfhire, on a bay of the frith of Clyde,
two miles w of Greenock.
Gozi, or Cjzct, an iRand in the Me*
diterranean, the ancient Clauda, under
which St' Paul failed on his voyage to
Rome. It is 24 miles from the sw
coaft of Candia, and veflTels often put in
here for w^ter and provifions. Lon. 13
46 E, lat. 34 50 N.
Gozo, a fortified idand of the Medi-
terranean, five miles nw of Malta, and
belonging to the knights of that idand.
It is eight miles long and four broad,
uid more equally fiertile^han Malta.
Grabonut a town of Lower Saxony,
in the duchy of Mecklenburg, with %
'■%'m-' "'^^■""■""'v^
France, in the
luiles N of Ca*
OR A
lofSchwerin.
Gracias a Diost a town of Mexico, in
tbe province of Honduras, loo miles w
t)y s of Valladolid. Lon. 89 40 w, lat.
Graciosa, one of the Azores, 10 miles
long and eight broad. Its produce is
wheat, wine, butter, and cheefe. The
principai place is Plata. Lon. sy 58 w,
lat. 39 3 N.
Gtadlica, a fortified town of Sclavo-
nia, on the frontiers of Croatia, feated
on the Save, ao miles sw of Pofega.
Lon. 1839 E, lat. 45 *» ».
Gradhca, a ftrong town of Friuli, on
the confines of Carinthia, capital of a
couoty united with Goritz, and a bi-
fliop's fee. It is feated on the Lifonzo,
fix miles sw of Goritz. Lon. 13 3 a e,
lat. 46 a N.
GraJo, a town of Italy, in a fmall
iflaod of the fame name, on the coaft of
FriuU, 50 miles e by n of Venice. Lon.
13 10 E, lat. 45 46 Jf •
Grain Coast, a maritime country of
Guinea, extending along the Atlantic
about 300 miles between the Sierra
Leone country on the w and the Ivory
coaft on the e. The produdtions are
peas, beans, g%>urds, lemons, oranges,
dates, and palm wine; but the chief
article is the abundance of Guinea pep*
per, or grains of paradife, which draws
a great interior and export trade.
Cows, hogs, flieep, and goats are nu«
merous. The Portuguefe had formerly
the whole commerce of this coaft, but
it has long been chiefly in the hands of
the EngliOi and Dutch.
Graitz, or Greitz, a town of Upper
Saxony, in Voijjtland, with a caftte on a
robky mountam, and another in the
town. It has mlanufa^ures of ftuff,
and is fitilate on the Elder, between
mountains and woods, 10 miles k of
Plauen.
GramaU a town of France, in the
department of Lot, az miles nne of
Cahors.
Grammont, a town of Flanders, feat-
ed on both fides of the Dender, 18
miles NE of Tournay.
Grampian HiUs, a chain of bills in
Scotland, which extends, in a n e direc-
tion, from the mountain Benlon^.oml,
in Dumbartonfliire, through the coun^
ties of Perth, Angus, and Kincardine,
to Aberdeen ; and thence, in a nw dt.
reftion, through the counties of Aber-
deen, Banff, and Murray, and on the
borders of Invemefs. They take their
name from a fingle hill, the Mons
Grampitts of Tacitus, where Galgacus
GR A
waited the approach of Agricola^ And
where the battle was fought fo fatal ta
the brave Caledonians.
Grampound, a borough in Cornwall*
governed by a mayor, with a market
on Saturday, and a manufadture of
gloves ; feated on the Fal, 40 miles sw
of Laupceflon, and 244 w by s uf Lon-
don.
Grarit a town o^ Lowe: Hungary,
and an archbifhop's fee ; feated near the
conflux of the Gran with the Danube,
50 miles EsE of Prefburg. Lon. 18 16
E, lat. 4746 N.
Gran^ afeaport of Arabia, in the pro-
vince of Bahrin, at the nw end of the
gulf of Perfia, and on the borders of
Irac Arabi, 40 miles s of Baflura. i^on.
4745 E, lat. 1956 N. ^
Granada, a -province (formerly a
kingdom) of Spain, fomelimes called
Upper Andalufia. It is 175 miles long
and 75 broad ; bounded on the w
and N by Andalufia, e by Miircia and
the Mediterranean, and s by the fame
fea. Though a mountainous country,
the foil is good; but it has not been
well cultivated fince the Moors were
expelled in 1492. However, it pro-
duces com, wine, oil, fugar, flax, hemp,
excellent fruits, honey, wax, and muU^^
berry-trees, which feed a great number
of hlk worms. The forefts produce
gall-nuts, palm-trees, and oaks..
Granada, a city of Spain, capital of
the province of Granada, and an arch-
bifliop's fee. It is built on four hills^
and divided into four parts, in one of
which is the large church, containing^
the tombs of Ferdinand and Ifabella»
who took this place from the Moor*
in 1492. In another is ihe palace of
the kings of Spain, and an ancient pa-
lace of the Moorilh kings, with fo
many rooms, that it is like a labyrinth.
In the third is the univerfity ; the
fourth has nothing confiderable; bi.t
all the public buildings are magnifi-
cent ; and the cathedral and convents
contain excellent pictures by Spanifli
maft.TS. 'I'he walls and gates, and the
a(iuedudts, are moftly deftroyed; and
its trade is feebly carried on, without
encouragement or protcftion. The in-
habitants are not more than 80,000,
and half of them are lawyers, ccclefiaf-
tics, and mendicants. It is feated on
the Xenil, near the influx of the Oro,
70 miles SE of Cordova. Lon. 3 38 w,
iat. 37 8 M.
Granada, an tfland of the W Indies,
the laft of the Windward Caribbees*
and 30 leagues n<.v of Tobago. Il is a»
miles long £.':i ij broad, finely wooded^
G R A
and the foil fiiited to produce fugar^ to«
bacco, and indigo. It was taken from
the French in 176?^ confirmed to the
Englifh in 1 763, taken by the French in
1779, and reftored to the Englifii in^'
1783. In i795« the French landed
fome troops, and caufed an inforredion
in this illandt which was not finally
quelled till June 1796- St. George is
the capital.
Granadoy a city of Mexico, in the
province of Nicaragua. It was taken
twice by the French buccanetrs, and
pillaged. The inhabitants carry on a
great trade by means of the lake Nica-
gura, on which it is feated, 60 miles se
of Leon de Nicagura. Lon. 86 36 w,
lat. 13 5 N.
Granada^ Nenu, an extenfive country
in S America, denominated by the Spa-
niards the new kingdom of Granada
It is. bounded on the w by the Pacific
ocean, n by Terra Firma, s by Pith,
and E by a counti7 which ftretches
along the banks of the Oronoko, and is
little known. New Granada was con-
quered by the Spaniards in 1536. It is
fo far elevated above the levd of the
fea, that, though it approaches almod
to the equator, the climate is remarka-
bly temperate. The fertility of its val-
leys is not inferior to that of the richeft
diftritfis in America; and its higher '
grounds yield gold and precious ftunes
of various kinds. Its towns are popu-
lous and flouriihing ; and the capital is
St. Fe de Bagota.
Granadillas, or Granaditjes, a clutter
of iflands in the W Indies, dependent
on Granada, and Atuafe between that
ifland and St. Vincent. They are up-
ward of 20 in number, moft of them
feitile, and capable of producing cot-
ton, coffee, indigo, and fugar. The
moft conliderable is Carinacou.
(Jranard, a borough of Ireland, in
the county of Longford, i6 miles ene
of Longford.
Grcnby, a fmall town of S Carolina,
A:ated oii the Congaree, on" the contrary
iide to Columbia, about a mile below
that city. It is noted for a curious
bridge, whofe centre arch is 100 feet
wide, to give paliage for large trees
which are brought down by the Hoods.
Grandcourt, a town of Swiflerland,
in the canton of Bern, near the lake of
Neuchatel, i\ivtn miles nw of Friburg.
C'-aftdmont, a town of France, in the
department o." Upper Vienne. Near it
was a celebrated abbey, AipprefTed in
1769, after the death nt the then pro-
fedcd members, il is ir miles nne of
Limugcs.
G R A
GraAdpret a town of France, in tha
department of Ardennes, feated on the
Ayre, 3 a miles b ofRheims.
Grangemouthf a village of Scotland,
m Stirlingfliire, at the junaion of the
Gfeat Canal with the river Carron
fout miles ne of Falkirk. Upward of
40,000 tons are annually entered here
belonging either to the foreign or coaft!
ing trade.
Gransee, a town of Brandenburg, in
the Middle mark, 3c} miles k jjw of 3tr.
lin.
Granjo>t, a town of Swiflerland, in
the Pays de Vaud, capital of a bailiwic
of the fame name, with a caftle. It
ftands on the lake of Neuchatel, 16
miles wsw of Neuchatel.
, Grantham, a boiouph in Lincoln-
mire, with a market on Saturday. The
church i? an elegant ftrufcure, with a
very lofty fpjre. A canal palfes hence
to the Trent, at Nottingham. Gran-
tham is feated on the Witham, 20 miles
s by w of Lincoln, and no w by w of
London. Lou. d 36 w, lat. ja 59 n.
Granville^ a town of France, in the
department of Manche,, feated on the
Englilh channe;, partly on a rock, and
partly on a plain, 15 miles s by w of
Coutfinces.
Graj/itZf a town of Bohemia, in the
circle of Shrz^ famous for its manufac-
tures of brafs, 15 miles kw of Elbogcn.
Grasmerernvater, a fmall lake of
Weftmorland, to the w of Amblefide.
Its margin is hollowed into fmall bayj,
with bold • minences ; fome of rock,
fome of turf, that half conceal and vary
the figure of the lake. A low promon-
tpry projeds far into the water ; and on
it ftands a white village.
Grason, au ifland in the gulf of Both-
nia, near the coaft of Sweden, 15 miles
long and two broad. Lon. itl 20 £, lai
60 12 N.
Grasse, a town of France, in the de*
partment of Var, and lately a biflio|)'s
lee. It has a trade in dry fruit, oil.
perfumes, and tanned leather, and ia
feated on an eminence, 14 miles wnw
of Antibes, and a i w by s of Nice. .
Grasse, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Audc, on the river Othieii,
at the foot of a mountain iH miles sb of
Carcaftbnne.
Gratz, a fortified town of Germany,
capital of Lower Stiria, and a bilhop's
fee. Here are many palaces, a univer-
fity, and a fine urfenal. The cnllle
ftands on a rock, and is a ftrong place.
Gratz is feated on the >^ fide of the
Muer, over which "Ss a bridge to an ex-
tenfive fuburb. The iiih^itauts are
G R A
(flimated at 35*'>of>- I" '797» »* was*
^en by the French. It 19 66 miltB
ssw of Vienna. Lon. 15 a6 e, lat. 47
* Graudenz, a town of W JPruffa, in
the palatinate of Culm, with a citadel,
feated on the Viftula, 15 miles n by e
of Culm.
Grave, a ftrong town of Dutch Bra-,
bant, on the left bank of the Maefe,
bevond which there is a fort. It has
bei;B often taken ; the laft time by the
French, in 1794- It is eight miles ssw
ofNimeguen. , , , . ^
Gravedona, a town of Italy, lu the
Milanefe, on the nw fide of the lake of
Como, a8 miles n of Como.
Gravelines, a ftrong feaport of France,
ia the department of Nord, fcated at
the mouth of tlie Aa, defended by Fort
Philip, u miles k of Calais. Lon. 2 8
K, lat. 50 59 N.
Gravenau, a town of Bavaria, in the
principality of Paflau, on the river Sag,
16 miles N of Paffau.
Gravenmacberen. See Grevenmacht-
ren.
Gravenviert, a town of Bavaria, in
the upper palatinate, 17 miles n of Am-
berg.
Gravesande, a town of S Holland,
where the ancient counts of Holland
refided. It is about four m|Ie*ifrom the
fea, and fix w by s of Delft.
Gravetend, a town in Kent, with a
market on Wediiefday and Saturday.
It Hands on the Thames, and is the
common landing-place for feamen and
Grangers in their paflage to. London;
and here all outward bound veflels Hop
to be examined by the cuftomhoufc of-
ficers, and to receive their clearances.
A great part of it was burnt down, with
the church, in -jiyi the latter was re-
built as one of the 50 new churches.
It is called the corporation of Gravefend
and Alilton, thefe tVi^o places being
united under the government of a mayor.
The lati*?r place Is ?. mile k of the other,
aiid has a blockhoufe over againft Til-
bury fort. They were incorporated by
quten Ulifabcth ; but, long before, Rich-
ard II had granted them the exclnfive
privilege of conveying paH^engers to Lon-
don in boats. Gravcfcnd is famous for
afparagUR; and the chief employment
of the labouring people is the fpinning
of hemp, to make nets and ropes. It is
:; miles kse of London.
Grayina, a town of Naples, in Tcrra.
ili Bari, 32 miles sw of Uari.
Graulhct, a town of France, in the
(lipartment of Tarn, u milei nw of
(litres.
GR E
Gt -, a town of France, in the depart-
ment of Upper Saone. It has a trade
in iron, and is feated on the Saone, aj
miles N E of Dijon.
■01, Gray, a town of the diflridt of Mqine.
in Cumberland county, 13 miles n by w
of Portland.
Grays Tburrock, a town in 'S^x,
with a market on I'hurfday, leated on.
the Thames, 34 miles e of London.
Grebenstein, a towp of Germany, in
Lower Hcfle, on the river Heffe, 10
miles NNw of CafTel.
Greece, the ancient name of that part
of Turkey In Europe which contains -
Macedonia, Albania, Janna, Livadia,
the Morea, the Archipelago, and Can-
dia.
Green, a town of the diftri dl of Maine,
iu Lincoln county, {ituate on the An-
drofcoggin, 3^ miles n of Portland.
Green, a nver of Kentucky, which
rifes in Mercer county, and flows w and
N into the Ohio, where its mouth is joo
yards wide. It is navigable 150. miles;
and near it are a number of fait fprings,
and three ponds of bitumen. • Vi»ft
quantities of nitre are found in tne
caves on it« banks; and many of the
fcttlers make gunpowder.
Greenland, an extenlive region ftretch-
ing toward the north pole, which,
whether continental or infular, is re-
garded as belonging to N America.
Tliis country was difcpvered in the tenth
century by the Norwegians, who plant-
ed a colony on the eaftern coaft ; and
the intercourfe between this colony and
Denmark was continued till the begin*
ning of the fifteenth century: in that
century, by the gradual increafe of the
arctic vce, the colony became complete-
ly imprifianed by the frozen ocean;
while on the w .a range of mountains and
plains, covei-ed with perpetual ice, pre-
cluded all acctfs. This fettlement con-
tained fevcral churches and monafteries,
and is faid to h<-^ve extended about 200
milet in the se extremity. In more re-
cent times the weftern coaft was chiefly
explored by Davis, and other Engliih
navigators ; but there was no attempt to "
fettle a colony. In 1711, a Norwegian
clergym;'-r», named £gede, proceeded to
this dreary country, where he continued
till 173J, preaching to the natives} and
his benevolent example has been Hnce
followed by fcveral miffionai-ies. The
country is faid to be inhabited as far a^
76 N lat. but the DaniHt and Moravian
fettlements are chiefly in the sw extre-
mity. The Ihort fummer is very war-m,
but foggy ; and the northern lights di>
ver.."jfy rtie gloom of wintcr,^which i»
f?*
irerjr (Hrere. From them xfrfrtoJrt, tiiat
the Nw coaft of Greenland is feparated
from America by a narrow ftrait ; that
the Hfitives of the two countries have
fotne tnterCourfe; and that the Efqui-C^'
maux of America perfedtly refemble the
Crgfnlanders in their afpeit, drefs,
niMl of living, and language. The
quadrupeds are deer, bears* foxes, haresi
ai\d fome dogs refcmbiing wolves.
Cape Farewell, the sw pfoint, is in Ion.
414J w,. lat. 5938 N.
Greenlaw* ^ town of Scotland, capi-
tal of l^erwickfhire, though a fmall
place- Here are the remains of two re-
ligious hoUfes. It is feated on the
Blackadder, eight miles sw of Dunfe,
and 36 SB of Edinburg.
Greenoci, a feaport of Scotland, in
Renfrewfliire, at the mouth of the
Clyde, with a fmall fort for the defence
of the harbour. Here are feveral dry
docks, and the building and rigging of
Ihips is much followed j but the manu-
factures are fmall, compared with the
fize of the town. It has a great trade;
and the fifheries, particularly for her-
rings, and the Newfoundland fifhery,
are carried on to a ^eat extent. In
i8ot the number of inhabitants was
17,458. It is ^4 miles w by n of Glaf-
gow. Lon. 4 47 w, lat. 55 56 s.
Greensborou^ht a town of the ftate of
Ccorgi.i, chiet of Green county, 60 miles
NNW of Louifville. Lon. 83 35 w, lat.
33 '5 N.
Greensbiirg, a town of Pennfylvania,
chief of Wcftmorland county. It has
a trade in flour, and is feated on a hill,
30 miles E by s of Pittlburg. Lon. 79
4.5 w, lat. 40 8 N.
Greemted, a village in E0cx, one mile
w of Ongar, remarkable for its little
church (built prior to the Conqueft)
the walls of which are formed of the
trunks of trees.
GreemMe, a town of S Carolina, in
Darlington county, capital of Cheraw
diftrift. It is fituate on the w fide of
Great Pedee river, 85 miles ne of Co-
lumbia. Lon. 79 ss w, lat, 34 30 k .
CreenvUltr a town of N Carolina,
chief of Pitt county, with a feminary,
tailed Pitt Academy. It is feated on the
river Tar, 15 miles se of Tarborough,
and 75 E by s of Ralegh.
Greenvi/ief a town of TennelTee, in
Greene county. Five miles s by w of
|t is Greenville college. It is feated on
the Nolachucky, 65 miles e of Knox-
villc.
Grfefivillf, a town, and fort of the
ftate of Ohio. The fort was built by
general "^^ayne, who >terc concluded a
tirtSty of peace with the Indian nMibni
in 1 795 . It is feated on the nw branch
of the Great Miami, 70 miles n by w
of Cincinnati. Lon. 85 5 w, lat. m
j8H. "
Greenwicbt a town in Kent, with a
market on Wednefday and Saturday.
It is famous for an hofpital for decayed
feamen, thought to be the fineft ftrufture
of the kind m the world ; and for an
obfcrvatory built by Charles 11, on the
fummit of a Wll, called Flamftead hill,
from the great aftronomer of that name,
who was here the firft aftronomer royal;
and the Englifli compute the longitude
from the meridian of this place. Here
was once a royal palace, in which Ed-
ward VI died, and queen Mary and
queen Elifabeth were born : it has bceft
long pulled down, and on part of its
frte now ftands the houfe belonging to
the ranger of the park. Here is a col.
lege, called the Duke of Norfolk Col-
lege, for the maintenance of ao decayed
lioufekeepers; and another calli-d Queen
Elifabeth College. In 1779, the chapel
of the hofpital, the dining-hall, and
eight wards were deftroyed by fire; but
the whole was foon rebuilt. Green-
wich in 1 80 1 contained 14,3,19 inha-
bitants. It is feated on the Thames,
five miles se of London. Lon. e, jat.
51 29 N.
Greenwich, a feaport of Rhode Ifland,
chief town in Kent county. It is
noted for making good cider, carries on
the fiiheries to advantage, and fends
fome veflels to the W Indies. It ftands
on the NW part of Narraganfet bay, if
miles s of Providence. Lon. 71 ao w,
lat. Misit,
Greettiuichi a town of New Jerfey, in
Cumberland county, on the nw bank of
Cohanzy creek, three miles firom its
mouth in Delaware bay, and 15 ss of
Salem.
Greiffetiy a town of Swiflbrland, on a
fmall lake of its name, nine miles ese
of Zurich.
Greiffenbergt a town of Brandenburg,
in the Ucker mark, on the rivtr Ser-
nitz, 13 miles sse of Prenzio, and 48
NVE of Berlin.
Greiffenbergy a town of Silefia, in the
principality of Jauer, with a fortrefs on
a mountain. It is celebrated for its
linen manufactures, and feated on the
Queifs, a8 miles wsw of Lignitz.
Greiffenbergt a town of Further Po-
merania, on the river Rega, 16 miles £
of Camm.
Greiffenbagetit a town of Further Po-
merania, on the river Oder, n miles »
of Stettin.
Newjerfey,m
the Nw bank of
miles from its
') and 15 SB of
GRI
Grtifivialde. Stit Gri^waid,
Grein, a town of Auftria* 00 the Da<
tube, aS miles k of Lintz.
Greitz. See Graitx.
Grenade, a town of France, in the de-.
partment of Upper Garonne, i>f n^les
jjwofTouloure.
Grenoble, a city of France, capital of
the department of Ifere, and a bilhop's
f(c, with a fortified caftle. The leather
and gloves that are made here are high-
ly efteemed. It is feated on the Ifere,
over wliich are two bridges to pafs into
that part called Perriere, a large ftreet
on the fide of the river. It is 27 miles
sofChamberry. Lon. 5 44 b, lat. 45
UN.
Oritnat a village of Scotland, in
Dumfriesihire, near the mouth of the
E(k, and on the borders of Cumberland,
nine miles nw of Carlifle. It has been
long noted as the refort of minors in
England* who choofe to be married not*
withftanding the prohibitions of their
parents and guardians.
Grevenbroich, a town of France, in the
department of Roer, lately of Germany,
in the duchy of Juliers; feated on the
river Erft, 10 miles en e of Juliers.
Grevenmacheren, a town of tlie Ne-
therlands, in Luxemburg, on the river
Mofelle, in a country producing excel-
lent wine, 14 miles ene of Luxemburg.
Greusten, a town gf Upper Saxony,
in Thuringia, on the river Helbe, 15
niles If of Erfurt.
Grimaud, a town of France, in the
department of Var, iz miles sw of
Frejus.
Grimbergen, a town of the Nether-
lands, in Brabant, with an abbey and a
caftlct lix miles n of Bruflels.
Grimma, a town of Upper Saxony,
in Mifnia, with a trade in wool, linen,
thread, and flannel ; feated on the Mul-
da, 14 miles se of Leipfic.
Grimmefi, a town of Hither Pomera-
nia, 14 miles s of Stralfund.
Grmperg, a town of France, in the
department of Sarre, lately of Germany,
in the ele<ftorate of Treves, 17 miles se
of Treves.
Grimsby^ a borough in Lincolnfhire,
governed by a mayor, with a market
on Wediiefday. It has a large church,
like a cathedral, and a good trade in
coal and felt. The harbour, at the
mouth of the Humber, hasbeen improv-
ed. It is 33 miles ne of Lincoln, and
168 N of London.
Grinaiu, a town of SwiiTerland, in
the canton of Claris, on the river Linth,
at its entrance into the lak« of Zurich,
14 miles NNw of Claris.
O RO
GrindetimaU, a town of SwiiTerland;
in the canton of Bern, feated among
monntjuns, at the foot of a celebrated
f lacier, 25 miles se of Than.
p Grindon, a village in that p«rt of
Durham called Norhamfhire, fix milw
sw of Berwick. To the s of it»Jtt a
place called Grindon Rigg, are foM§p-
right ftone pillars, funeral montUKOts
of the chieftains flain inafiimousTi^^ory
gained here over the Scots, in 1558, by
the earl of Northumberland and his
brother.
Grinstend, East, a borough in Suflex,
with a market on Thurfday. Here is
Sackville college, a large ftone building
founded by the duke of Dorfet, in 16 16,
for 24 aged perfons of both fexes. It .is
feated on a hill, 20 miles n of Lewes,
and 29 s of London.
Gripsiuald, a ftrong town of Hither
Pomerania, with a good harbour, and
a univerfity. It is feated on the river
Rik, which is navigable to the Baltic,
14 miles w of Wolgaf);. Lon. 13 38 b,
lat. 54 4 N.
Crhons, a new canton of SwifTerland,
bounded on the s by Milan and Venice,
E and M by Tyrol, and w by the can-
tons of Glaris, Uri, and Teifin. It in-
cludes the Valteline, and the counties
of Chiavenna and Bormio. The coun-
try was formerly divided into three
leagues, namely the Grey League, the
League of God's Houfe, and the League
of the Ten Jurifdidlions; each of them
had a diftin^ internal government, and
they were conncdcd as one republic by
an annual diet held alternately at the
towns of Coire, Ilantz, and Davos.
But, in 1803, the conftitution was
changed by the French, and the country-
made an additional canton of SwiiTer-
land. The inhabitants, amounting to
about 250,000, are partly Calviniils and
partly catholics ; but the former are
muft numerous. The principal fubfift-
ence of the peafantry is by breeding
oxen, moft of which are fent to Milan.
The capital is Coire.
Grodno, the principal town, though
not the capital, of Lithuania. It has
the appearance of a decayed town ; con-
taining a mixture of wretched hovels,
falling houfes, and ruined palaces, with
magnificent gateways, remains of its
ancient fplendour. A few habitations
in good repair make the contrait more
ftriking. Here is a college and phyfic
garden. In the new palace, built by
Auguftus iir, the diets were fometimes
held; particularly the lail, in 1793,
which was compelled, at the point of
the bayonet, to confeot to the ft^ond
T
C^ W^ O U A
SirtiiUni of Mandrudhere, !n if6s* Omieni^ttH, a town and caftk Qt
aaiflaui ttt formally reficned h» Lower Saiionyf n^ich giYct name to a
crown. Orodoo to now fubjeS to Ru& mincipaiity, in the duchy of Bnuifwick
fia. It is feated partly in a plain» oi|l The caftle is now in ruins. It iirevd
the liver Niemen, aad partly on ajpnilettfw of Einbeck» the capital of the
mountain, 125 miles nb of Warlaw. princ^jUty
I4i5 8,lat. jasBw.
jhide, a. town of Lower Saxony,
in Wf dudiy of Brunfwick. Near it is
a monument of flone, ereAed in memo-
ry of a battle fought here in 14s i. It
is Seated on the Wefer, nine miles s of
Hamelin.
GrtUt a ftrong town of Holland, in
Oelderland. A doty is coUeAed here
on all merchandife paffing through it
for Germany. It is feated on the Slin>
ghe, 33 miles a by s of Zutphen.
GrottiHgemt one of the provinces of
Holland, Dounded on the e by £ Frief*
land, w by Frielland, m by the German
ocean, and s by Overyflel. It is divid-
ed into two parts, called Groningen
and Omelands. The excellenqr of this
ctuntry confifts in paftures, which feed
a great number of larce horfes.
Gnm^eut a city cur Holland, capital
of the province of the lame name, with
a citadel and a unitreHity. It is feated
on the rivers Hunes and Aa, and Las a
icommunication, by a canal, with a bay
of the German ocean, at the diftance of
10 miles. The inhatdtants are compute
cd at 20,000. It is 90 miles ke of Am«
fterdam. Lon. 6 35 a, lat. 53 la n.
Grojtat an ifland in the gulf of Ve-
nice, near the coaft of Dalmatia, 35
miles long and two broad. Lon. 15 7
s, lat. 44 18 M.
GrossetUf a town of Tufcany, In the
5iennefe, with a caftle, fituate near the
fea, 30 miles sw of Sienna. - „
Grosshaytif or Hajfttt a town of Up- Grf/fe, a river of Scotland, which
per Saxoay, in Mifnia, with manufac- fifes m the sw angle of Renfrewihire,
turcs of cotton and woollen cloths, runs over feveral precipices into the
feated on the Roder, eight miles n of
Meiflen.
Greigaut a town of Silefia, capital of
a circle of its name. The forefts round
this town are the jrunt property of all
the inhabitants. It is 19 miles kne of
Hdfle. Lon. i; a8 e, fat. 50 38 n.
Grotkaut a town of Servia, wnei% the
' Tui^s defeated the Germans in 1739.
It is 15 mileas of Belgrade.
Groto/ti a town of Connetflicut, in
Nc^ London county, five miles w of
New London cHy. On the bank, of the
Thames, oppOiite ^ city, is fort Orif-
watd, memorable for being Rormcd, in
17S1, by BenediA Arnold, aft^ he had
become a traitor to his country. The
town wks burnt at the fame time.
Cr»jfru» See Conmnm.
Gnmierg, a town of Germany, ia
Upper HelTe, where the kings of the
Merovin^an race and Charlemagne
held theu* court. It i» 10 miles b of
Oiefen.
Grwiiirg, a town of Sileiia, in the
principality of Gloc:au, fnrrounded with
vineyards. Here Is a manufaduie of
cloth, and a great trade in vinegar and
dried fruits. It is 30 miles nw of Glc
gau.
Gmnde, a town of Lower Saxony, in
the duchy of Brunfwick, and in the
mountains of Hartz, four mile^ w of
CUufthal.
GrunhajfH, a town of Upper Saxony,
in Mifnia, with a trade in copper and
lead, 16 miles s by w of Chemnttz.
Grunin^ent a town of Lower Saxony,
in the principality of Halberftadt, on
the river Bode* (even mile* sne of
Halberftadt.
GruMmgtttj, a town and bailiwic of
SwifTerland, in the canton of Zurich,
with a caftle on an elevated rock, 10
miles SB of Zurich.
GrufutaJtt a town of France, in the
department of Mont Tonnere, latily
of G<*rnuny, in the circle of Upper
Rhine, 22 miles nnw of Spire, and 28
s of Mentz.
Gruyirei, a town and bsUIiwic of
Swiflferland, in the canton of Friburg,
with a caftle on a hill. It has a great
trade in cheefe, and is 15 miles sw of
Friburg.
lower country, ard after receiving the
Black Cart and White Cart, enters the
Clytle, about a mile below Renfrew.
Guadalajardt or New Galicia, one of
the three audiences of Mexico, beuod-
ed on the K by New Mexico, e and s
by the audience of Mexico, and w by
the gulf of California and the Pacific
ocean, extending 600 miles in length,
and 500 in breadth. It is divided into
the provinces of Guadalajara Proper,
Zacatecas, New Bifcay, Cinaloa, Culia-
can, Chametlan, and Xalifco. It is ce-
lebrated for its tertility, and the rich-
nefs of its filver mines.
Gtdadalajura, a city of Mexico, capi-
tal of the province and audience of
Guadalajara, and a bilhop's fee. It
contains eight fquares, two college^
OVA GU A
artd ftftrt\ coQtenU. It if fitaate on Mane in the Padftc ocean, !•• milca
the Bar>u«ja> a tf miles w it w of Mexico, in circumfrrence- The Spaniard! have
Lon. 104 • w, lat. ai 15 Nk a garriCon here ; but the inhabitanti are
iiuadalajaftit a town of Spain, in alntod all natives of the country* and
ew Cuftile, which has a manufaaorci!? reputed to be ikilfui in building boats.
JKew L
of broad (^loth. It is fvated on the
Herares, 50 miles ni of Madrid.
Gtutdaiaviar, a river of Spain, which
rife'i on the confines of Arragon, crofles
the province of Valencist and enters the
Mediterranean, below Valencia.
Guadaloupty a town of Spain, in Ef»
tremadura, with a celebrated convent ;
&ated on a rivulet of the iame name,
34 wiles a by M of Truxillo.
Giudalouptt one of the Leeward
Carribbee iflands in the W Indies, be-
tttreen Antigua and Dominica. It is
divided into two parts by a ftrnit, calU
cd the Salt River. At this place the
land on each fide is not above four
miles broad, and l^y this ftrait the fea
on the N w communicates with that on
the St. The sw part is 60 miles long
and U broad; and the ne part is
much the fimfc The foil is exceeding-
If good, and well watered near the fea.
It abounds with excellent firuit. and has
fcveral good harbours. Unuta b the
capital. Lon. 14^ 15 1, lat. 13 mHK.
Ouamangot a city of Peru, capital of
a province of the fiun< name, and a
bifliop's fee, with a univerfity. It is
famous for fweetmeats ; and near it are
mines of gold, filver, iron, fulphur, and
quickfilver. It is i8» miles ksb of
Lima. Lon, 74 5 w, lat. 13 ao s.
Ciianabamh or Cat Islandt one of tht
liahama iflands, the firft land of America
difcovered by Columbus, in 1491, and
named by him St. Salvador. Lon. 75
J w, lat. 24 30 N*.
Guanuco, a tuwn of Peru, capital of
a fniitful diftriA of the ^me name.
Several kinds of fweetmeats and jellies
are made here, and fent to other proh
vinces. It is 172 miles mne of I^a.
Lon. 75 is w, lat. 9 55 »• . ^
Guanzayelicat a town of Peru, in Wat
by rivulets which fall from the moun> province of Guamanga, famous fonr its
tains. On this ifland is a volcano,
called the Mountain of Sulphur ; and
on its E lide are two mouths, which
open into a pit of fulphur : the blacks
who fell brimftone fetch it from this
pit. The French fettled on this ifland
in 163s. It was taken by the Engliih
in 1759, but reftored in 1763; again
taken by the Engliih in 1704, but eva>
cuated the next year. BaiTeterre is
the capital.
Gmdalquiver, a river ov Spain, which
rifesin the s part of New Oaftile, flows
tUroiigh Andalufia,by Baeu, Cordova*
and Seville, and enters the bay of Cadiz.
Gaadarama, a town of Spain, in
Old Cal^ile. It has- a great trade in
«^eefe, and is feated on the Guadarama,
i5 miles nw of Madrid.
Gmdlanot a river which rifes in New
Caftile, in Spain, crofles Eftremadura,
into Portugal, and feparating Algarve
from Andalufia, enters the bay of Cadiz.
Guadix, atown of Spain, in Granada,
and a biihop's fee. It contains three
parities and fix convents, and is fituatR
in a rich country, on a river of the
).ime name, 36 miles ene of Granada.
Lon. 3 w, lat. 37 »8 n.
Guadramire, a town of Spain, in
Leon, 33 miles wsw of Salamanca.
GuaUoy a town of Italy, in Ancona,
which was almoft dcftroyed by an eanh*
<|iiake in 1751. It is eight miles kw of
Nocera.
(>Mti»t the chief of the Ladrone
rich mine of quickfilver ,36 miles kw of
Guamanga, and t66 esb of Lima.
Guarot a town of Peru, near which
are many remains of the edifices of tiie
incas. It is feated near the mouth 6f
the river Guara, 100 miles nnw of
Lima. Lon. 77 e w, lat. 10 58 s.
(iuario. See Cagnete.
GuarJa, a town of Portugal, in
Beira, and a bifhop's fee. It is ftrong
by nature and art, and has a ftately
cathedral, 138 miles ne of Lifbon*
Lon. 6 37 w, lat. 40 as k.
Guardafid' See Gardefan.
Guardamari a feaport of Spain, in
Valentia, at the mouth of the Seguara.
The chief trade confifts in the exporta-
tion of fait. It is 17 miles ssw of Ali-
cant. Lon. o 18 w, lat. 38 7 n.
Guardta Alferes» a town of Naples,
in the Molife, zi miles ne of Molife. ^
Guardta Girando, a town of Naples,
in the Molife; as miles kw of Molife. .
Guarmoy, a town of Peru, with *^
harbour, 170 miles nnw of Lima. Lon.'
77 43 ^» 'at. 10 15 s.
Guastal/at a fortified town of Italy,
capit.tl of a fmall duchy, included in
that of Parma, with an ancient decayed
caftle. It is feated near the river Po»
14 miles NE of Parnla.
Guatteca. See Pamuo.
GuaJto, or Fasto, a town of Naples,
in Abnizzo Citeriore, on the gulf of
Vrhice, 15 miles se of Lanciano.
Guatbnaht one of the three audi*
G U B
pnccs of Mcyico* bounded on the nw
by the audience of Mexico, ng by the
gulf of Mexico, SE by the ifthmus of
mrien, and sw by the Pacific ocean.
It is f^o miles long and 450 broad, and'
fubdivided into the provinces of Qua-
tim^ Proper, Vera Paz, Honduras,
Ni(Vagua, Cofta Rica, and Veragua.
The indigo of this country is fuperior
in quality to that of any other in Ame-
rica, and is cultivated to a confiderable
extent.
Guatimala, a city of Mexico, capital
of the audience and province of Gua-
timala, and a bifhop s fee, with a uni-
verfity. It ftands not far from the fite
of St. Jago de Guatamala, the former
capital, which was totally deftroyed, in
*773» by an earthquake, when 80,000
perfons periflied. Guatimala is 600
miles 6w of Mexico. Lon. gz 22 w,
lat. 13 40 M.
Guaxaea, a province of Mexico,
1)ounded by the gulf of Mexico on the
N, and by the Pacific ocean on the s.
^is fertile in wheat, maize, cochineal,
m&. caflia ; and contains mines of gold,
filvcr, and cryftal. '
Guaxaea^ or jitiiequera, a town of
Mexico, capital of the province of
G uaxaca, and a bifliop's fee. It exports
excellent wood, perfumes, and cho-
colate ; and has a noble cathedral and
feveral rich convents. It is fcated on
the Alvariido, 160 miles v. of Acapulco.
Lon. 98 30 w, lat. 17 25 w.
Guaifaquil, a city and feaport of
Peru, capital of a jurifdifllon of the
fame name, in the audience of Quito.
It is defended by three ftrong forts, and
(ituate on the rivcr Guayaquil, near its
entrance into the bay of Guayaquil.
This place is famous for a niellfifh,
called turbine, no larger than a nut,
which produces a purple reckoned to
exceed all others in the world; and
with it the threads of cotton, ribands,
laces, &c. are died- The commerce of
this city is confiderable. It is 140
milfs ssw of Quito. Lon. 79 46 w,
lat. a o s.
Guayraj a fortified town of Terra
Firma, in Caraccas, and the port of
Leon de Caraccas. The trade is con-
fiderable, though the harbour is otily a
roadftead, fecured by a mole. It is 12
miles NNW of Leon de Caraccas. Lon.
67 5 w, lat. 10 43 K.
Guben, a town of Lufatia, capital of
a circle of its name, which yields great
quantities of excellent red wine. It is
ieated on the Lubbe, near its conflux
with the NeifTa, 34 miles ne of Cetbui.
Life. 145a s, Ut. 51 j8 M.
d u I
Gub'tt a toiwn of Hindoeftan, in M^
fore. It is a fmall place, but has a
confiderable trade in the produce of the
. country for 30 miles round, andisalfo
^an intermediate mavt for the goodi
pafTing through the peninfula. It is 31
miles ssE of Sera, and 40 w by n of
Bangalore.
Gubiot a town of Italy, in the duchy
of Urbino, 32 miles s of Urbino.
Gttdenibergt a town of Germany, in
Lower HefTe, 10 miles sswof CafTcl.
Gturande, a town of Prance, in the
department of Lower Loire, with a
confiderable trade in fait. It is three
miles from the Atlantic, and 40 w by ir
of Nantes.
Guerche, a town of France, in thi
department of Ille and Vitaine, ao rililes
ESEof Rennos.
Gtteret, a town of France, capital of
the departn^ent of Creufe. It is featcd
on the Gartampe, 3s miles ne of
Limoeges, and 170 s of Paris. Lon.
I 56 E, lat. 46 10 N.
Guergela, a town of Barbary, in
Biledulgerid, 100 miles ssw of Tug-
gurt. Lon. 4 50 b, lat. 3 r 15 v.
Guernsey t an illand off the N coaft
of France, fubjcdt to England. It is of
a round form, 36 miles in circumference,
ahd naturally ftrong, being furrounded
by high rocks. The foil is verdant,
thouph hilly ; and is remarkable for its
fmall breed of cattle. The inhabitants
are eAtmated at 15,000. The ifland
was formerly a part of Normandy, and
is fVill governed by the Norman laws.
Port St. Pierre is the only town.
Lon. 3 47 w, lat. 49 30 n.
Gueta, or Iltteia, a town of Spain, in
New Caflile, 52 miles e by s- of Madrid.
Lon. 3 $4 w, lat. 40 30 n.
Gtievetlan. See 'Socontuco.
Giiglhi^tn, a town of Suabia. inthi^
duchy of Wirtemberg, fituate on t^^
Zaber, 18 miles n of Stutgard.
Guiana, a country of S America, on
ihe coaft of the Atlantic, between the
rivers Oroonoko and Amazon, and to
the N of Amazonia. The Portuguefe
poflTefb the part adjoining the river
Amazon ; the French, the fmall colony
of Cayenne; the Dutch, Surinam, Ber-
bice, Demerara, and IfTequibo ; and the
Spaniards, the p.irt next the Oroonoko.
The greateft heat takes place in Oc-
tober, and continues to March : this is
fucceeded by violent uninterrupted rain
till June, when parching heat again
takes place till July, which is again fol*
lowed by InceflTant rain till OAober.
Dutch Guiana is every where Icvtl, and
lo lov^, that, during the rainyfeafoBd
GUI
it ii ufually covered with water near
two feet in height. This renders
tke foil fa rich, that, on the furface>
for ia inches in depth, it is a fti^um of <
pcrfedl manure, and, as fuch, tils been
traofported to Barbadoes. The intorior
parts of the country are inhabited by
blacks, who have different languages
and cuftoms ; and fomc of them build
their houfes on trees, to be fccure from
the inundations of the riveis. See Ca-
yiitne, &c.
Guitnne, a late province of France,
i6o nules long and %$ broad, on the sw
coaft, of which Bourdeaux was the ca*
pital' It now forms the departments of
GiroDde, and Lot and Garonne.
Gtiliford, a borough in Surry, go-
verned by a mayor, with a market on
Saturday. It is feated on the Wey, on
the fide of a hill, and had a caftle and a
palace, now in ruins ; here is alfo part
ofamonaftery, which is Aill occupied.
The fummerafllzes are alternately held
here and at Croydon ; but the eledlion
of members for the county is always
held here. It is a well-built town, with
two churches, and an elegant town hall.
The Wey is navigable to the Thames,
and the trade in timber and corn is
coniiderable. It is 23 miles wsw of
Croydon, and 29 sw of London. Lon.
029 w, lat. 51 15 N.
Gmldford, a town of Connedlicut, in
Newhaven county, lituate on a bay in
Lung Ifland found 15 miles e by s of
Newhaven -^
and caftle of
irtment of Upper
of Embrun.
)wn of Portugal, in
Ilnho, which has for-
merly been the refidence of its kings.
It is divided into the old and new town*
tk formt;r fituate on an eminence, fur-
rwinded by walls. Here is a manu-
hfliire of linen in high eftimation. Th«
public buildings are magniftcent, and
the collegiate church is faid to be
founded on the ruins of a temple of
Cares. Jt is 10 miles se of Braga.
ion. 8 Ji w, lat. 41 35 s.
Guinea, a large region of Africa, of
which little is known except the coaft.
It lies in the Torrid Zone, between 14
w and so E Ion. and is divided into
Upper and Lower Guinea. The firft
comprehends Sierra Lecne, the Grain-
coaft, theTooth-coaft, the Gold-coaft,
tteSlave-coaft (which includes Whidah,
Dahomy, and Ardrah) Benin, Biafara,
Wajombo, Gabon, and Anziko. Lower
Guinea is commonly called Congo.
It u very unhealUiy for Europeans.
Gmllatre^ a
France, in thjf^
Alps, nine mi "^
Guimaraent^:.
Entre Douero e-
G U I
The natives in general go almoft naked,
and there feems to be little religion or
honefty among them. The conpiodi-
tiet purchafcd here, are gum-feneca, at
Senegal ; rice and maize, on the Grain-
coatl s elephants teeth, on the Tooth-
co.ifl ; the greateft plenty of goli, on
the Gold-coaft ; and all, in general, fup-
ply (laves, a trade which commenced m
1.S17, but abandoned by the Engliih in
itio;. Theiw arc many little ftates,
whofe chiefs arc often at war with each
other, when the people taken, on both
fides, are fold for flaves ; and it is not
uncommon for the neareft of kin to fell
each other. The Enjjiiih, Dutch, Por-
tugucfe, Danes, and French, have fac-
tories upon this coaft.
Guituay Nenuf or Papua, an ifland of
the S Pacific ocean, to the n. of New
Holland, from which it is feparated by
Endeavour (Irait. It is next in iize to
New Holland, extending se from the
equator to ii s lat. and from 131 to
153 E lon. a length of more than laM
miles, by a medial breadth of perhapl
300 i but the coafts of the eaftern part
are far from being completely invefti-
gated. The northern part is (aid to
have been difcovered by the Spaniards,
in 1528, who had failed from Mexico to
explore the Spice illands. The coafts
are generally lofty ; and jn the interior,
mountain rifes above mountain ; but
the whole appears covered with fuch
luxuriance of wood and herbage, as
can fcarcely be conceived. The cocoa,
fago, bread-fruit, and plantain-tree, be-
(ide moft of the trees, ilirubs, and
plants, common to the iflands in the S
Pacific ocean, are found here in great
perfeiflion. This ifland is the chofen re-
lideiice of the lingular birds of para-
dife, which breed here during the wet
monfoon> and in the dry migrate in
flocks weftward, to the fmaller iflands,
particularly Arroo. Here are alfo ele-
gant parrots ; and pigeons that alm6ft
equal a turkey in lize. The inhabitants
of the northern part are called Papons;
whence the name of the country. They
feem to have the true Malay complex-
ion and features; but in general of
horrible appearance, and great ferocity.
Their language and habitations refem-
ble thofe of horneo, &c. on^the weft.
The women feem the maft induftrious
in making mats, and pots of clay, which
they afterward burn with dry grafs or
brufliwood ; and they even wield the
ax, while the men are indolent, or en-
gaged in the chacc of wild hogs. In
the interior is a race called liaraforas,
who live in trees, which they afcend by
GUN
ft notched poW, drawing it after tbev
to pitivent fttrpri(e. pn thia cxteni've
Urritoryi fo favoured bf nature* therp
it no Suropcan f«ttl«inent. The chief
commerce is with the ChincfK, from
whom they purchafe inftrumentB and
utenfila. Their retuma are ambcraris,
tortoife fliell, fmall peafliti birda of pa-
radife. s^nd other bird«t which the Pa*
|>Mani dry with great IkilL Some flavei
aire alfo exported, probably captivea
taken in intcftine wars.-
Cmngmmft a town of France} in the
department of Cotes du Nord* feated
on the Tricu, 13 miles a of Treguter.
Gmtt a town of France* In the de*
Sartment of Aifne, with a caftle, feated
n ihe Oife. as miles s of St. Quintin,
and 95 NB of Paris.
GmhtHf 5t^ a town of the Kether-
lands, in Hainault, feated in marihy
landt on the river iiaine, fix miles w of
Mons.
GttfttHotf a town of Hindooftany in
l4hore, 6e miles N by w of Lahore-
^$liU/m^4tHf a town of Perfia, in Irak
Agemii ^$ miles w byiS Qf Cachan.
CumhttnuMt a town of Prufliaf capital
of the Lithvanian department' It has
manufaAures of ctoth, and is feated on
the Pifla. 75 miles a by s of Konigiberg.
Lon. a^ 40 a, lat. 54 34 n.
GtmJelfingeH^ a Twn of Bavaria,
fitoate on the Brena, near the Danube,
17 miles 'vsw of Donawert.
GuK/uJa, or GonfUdot a feaport of
Arabia, on the Red fea- All veflels car-
rying coffee to Jidda anchor here, and
Say a duty. It is i8* miles s by e of
lecca. Lpn, 40 50 e» lat. 19 7 n.
Gtm/«or,'one of the five circars, ki
the pcninfula of Hindooftan. It is alfo
called Mortinazagur and Condavir, .tnd
pccupies the fpace between Condapilly,
tiie fouthernmoft of the four Englifh
circarst and the n part of the Carnatic;
extending more than 39 miles along the
bay of Bengal. The maritime parts of
this circar are flat«nd open, but the in-
terior parts contaifi feme very ftrong
fortrefles and polls. It is fubjedt to the
hizam of the Deccan, and haK its name
ftom a ftrong^ fortrefs, 13 miles £ of Con-
flavir, the chief town.
Guntsburgt a town of Suabia, capital
of the margravate of Burgaii, with a
caftle. It ftanda on the river GuntK,
near its conflux with the Danube, fix
iniles w of Burgau, and 14 e of Ulm.
^n. 10 14 E, m.. 48 24 N. ■
GuHtzmhausettt a town of Franconia,
fn the principality of Anfpach, feated
pn the Atlmul, near a forfft, 16 n»iles
a SB pfAnfpacb.
Gurwt « town of ^ilefli* in the ^iin»
cipality of Olonui with good clotk
manufadurcst and a great trade in corn.
In 17 j^J^t was reduced to ajihes by t|M
Huluanlt It ftands on an eininence, by
the riyer Bartcb, 19 miles a of Ologau.
Gurtkf a town of Germany, in Ca*
rinthia» and lately a biihop's fee;
feated on tbf fivf r OvMccki 20 miles n
by w of Clagenfurt.
Gurfltfeldt A town of Germany, |n
Carniolat with a caftle on a hill, fitnatf
on the Save, 18 miles s;i of Cilley.
Gur^istan. See Georgia,
Gitrteft a town of Ru.Tia, jn (he go*
vrrnraeht of Aftracan, with a good har.
bpur; feated neartheCafpianrea,betweeq
the mouths of the Ural, 210 miles £ by a
of Adracan. Lon 51 J* e, lat. 47 37 n.
Gurietum, a town of HindooAan.in
the Carnatic, with a mud fort. Four
miles w ia Satghadam, or the fevea
caftles, on a rpcky hill, at the foot of
whi^h is the village, and near it the
nabob has an extenfive garden, notrd
for the beft oranges in the Carnatic.
Gurietum is feated on both fides tlie
Camundala, which flows into the Paliar,
33 miles w by N of Arcot.
Gurrah, a town of Hindooftan, in the
province of Allahabad, fituate near the
river Nerbuddah, f6N miles ssw of A|.
lahabad. I^on. 80 23 e, lat. 23 9 n.
Gurramtomda^ a town of Hindooftan,
lately fubjeA to the regent of Myfort,
but ceded to the nizam of the Decqin
in 1799. It is 73 miles ne of Bangalore,
and 112 WNW of Madras. Lon. 783(1
E, \xi 13 47 N.
Gujtrowt a city of Lower Saxony, to
the duchy of Mccklepburg-Schwerin.
The chief courts of judicature for the
duchy are held here ; and it has an elt<
gant ducal palace. It is fituate on \hf
Nebel, 3j miles ene ofSchwerin. Loii.
12 13 E, lat. 5347 N.
Gutta, a town of Hungary, feated ton
the Danubf, in the ifland of Schut, 10
miles N of Comorn.
Gutiiotu, a town of Hither Pomera*
nia, in a county pf the fame name,
feated on the feene, miles ssw of
Gripfwald.
Guzerat, a province of Hindooftan.
which is a peninfuU, aeo mile's loni
and 140 broad, formed by the Arabian
fea and the ^ulfs of Cambay and Cutch.
The w part is mountainous and woody,
and inhabited by a wild hardy race, go.
verned by rajahb of their own : but the
largeft and fineft part is included within
the extenfive empire of the Mabrattai.
Amedabad is the capital.
Gwalior, a fortrefs of HindooftaO| m
HAD
Hm werhH* of Oobud, lUMIt on •
rock MMNit four miln in Ullgtht but
ptrrow,ud Mwly ilat on tbe^op, with
fidcf almoft perpendicvlart from te« to
100 feet aboTC the furroundiap plain.'
The nmtwrt confbrme to the edfe of
the precipice «11 around i and the only
entrance u by fteps running up the fide
of the rock, defended on the fide next
the country by a wall and baftioni.
'llie area within is full of noble build-
ings, rcfenroiri of water* welli, and
cultivated land | fo that it it a little d{f<
tria within itfelf. At the ww fo«t of a
mountain ii the town, which it well
built. Thii fbrtrefs is confidered as the
Gibraltar of the eaft: bu^ in 1780,
inajor Popham took it oy an unexpeft<
(d nodturnal efcalade. It is 8e miles s
of Agra. Lon. 78 28 b, lat. a6 13 k.
G^horn, a town of l^owcr Saxony,
in tne duchy of Luneburg, feated at
the jun£kion of the Ifer with the Aller}
18 miles N of Brunfwick.
Q^otf, 8ee (?i/#».
H.
Haag, a town of Bavaria, capital of
a county of the fame name. It is feat-
ed on a nill, 26 miles e by M of Munich.
Lon. II 15 X, lat. 48 7 »•
HaMichwerd, a town of Silefia, in
the county of Glatz, on the river
jifeifle, nine miles s of Glatz.
Hatha. See Rio de la Hacba.
Hachtttburgt a town of Germany, in
the county of Sayn» with a caftle* 18
miles N of Cohlent^i'
Hackttstownt a town of New Jerfey,
in Suflex county, iieated on the Muf.
conecnnk, az miles w by n of Mor-
riftown.
Uacklmact a town of New Jerfey,
chief of Bergen countv, with a Dutch
and an epifeopal church, and a flouri(h-
ing academy. It is fituate on a river of
the fame name, ao miles »w'of New
York.
Hackneyt a populous village in Mid-
diefex, two miles ne if London, which
contains many elegant villas.
Hadamar, a town of Germany, in
Wetteravia, near the river Elfs, a a
mileiNwof Mentz.
HadJam, a town of ConneAicut, in
Middleiex county, on the w fid^of
Connefticut river, t8 mUci w by b of
Saybrook.
Haddingtont a borough of Seotbad,
capital oTthe county qH the fame name.
|t conQfts of four principal ftreetti
H A O
which IntcrfeA each other at ncfrif
rif ht aof Ice, and hasaconfidenMcBMnti-
ihAure of coarfe woolen ehnh. Part
of a monaftery here l« oecMicd aa' a
Mriih church \ and in the nbarb of
Nungate are the rains of « nitnaerir-
Haddington is feated on the Tyac, tt
miles a of Edinburg. Lon. % 48 w, lat.
35 57"-
Haddiiigtoiubin, or Ernst Lthimnt a
county of Scotland, as milet long and
IS where broadeit ) bounded on the w
by Bdinburcfliire, m by the fHth of
Forth, E by the German ocean, and s br
Berwickfhire. It is divided into 34 pa.
riflies, and the number of inhabitants in
1 80 1 was a9,e8<. The foil is, in raanr
places, doubly produAive ; rich eropt
are raiftd on the furfirae, and the mfaiea
of coal are inexhauftible. The fouthera
part is mountainous, comprehending
the w fide of Lammermuir hills; but
thefe high grounds feed many flieep.
It is interfered by numerous ftreams,
but the principal river is the Tyne.
HadersUbtHt a* town of Denmark^Jn
Slefwick, with a citadel, on a fniill
idand, in a narrow bay of the Baltic, a;
miles E of Ripen.
Haditt or Nadiee, a town of Syria, on
the Euphrates, 130 nriles w of Bagdad
Hadief, a town in Suffolk, with a
market on Monday. Large quantitiea
of yarn are fpun here for the Norwich
weavers. It is feated on the Bret, a*
miles sE of Bury, and 64 irt of London.
HadUjf, a village in Eflex, five miles
aw of Rochford. Here are feme rum*
of a caftle, on the brow of a hill, on a
channel of the Thames between Canvey
ifland and the fliore.
Had/ey, a town of Maflachufets, in
Hampshire county, on the b fide d[ the
Connecticut, 97 miles w of Bofton.
HadratnatiU a province of Arabia
Felix, on the feacoaft, between Yemen
on the w and Oman oq the a. Some
parts are dry and defert, others are
extremely fontile with well-watered v]d>
leys. The chief produAs are firankin*
cenfe, gum-arabic, dragonfblood, myrrh,
and aloes. Shibam is the capital.
Nagantewn. See Elita^htvwn,
Hagen, a town of Weftphalia, in the
county of Mark. It has manufadurea
of cloth, and ftands on the Volme, 13
miles s of Dortmund. ,
Hagmbaehi a town of France, in the
department of Lower Rhine, la miles
ssE of Landau.
Hagenhurg, a town of Weftphalia, in
the codnty of Scbauenbuif , is miles w
by K of Hanover.
Hagmt a towa (tf Arabia Defcita, 8y
RAI
mikt N of Medina. Lon. S9 >5 *t l*t.
a5 30 »i '
Hagutt a town of S Hollandt which
maycompare with the handfomcft citiei
in jBuropCt in the nuffnificcnce of its
palacctf the teauty of its ftreets, the
pleafluitnefs a£ its fituation, and the
politencfs of Its inhabitants, who are
eftimated at a(ove 361000. It is feated
two miles from the fea> and there is a
pavement acrofs the fand hills, with
trees on each fide* which leads to
Schevelin^ on the feafltore. The ancient
counts of Holland reHded here ; and it
ia the court, though not the capital, of
Holland. The French took polTeflion
of Hague, January 23, 1795. It is 10
miles Nw of Rotterdam, and :^o sw of
Amfterdam. Lon. 4 17 a, lat.52 4 n.
Haguenaut a fortified town of France,
in the department of Lower Rhine,
with a citadel ; feated on the Motter,
15 miles N of Strafbur^. ^
Hailjham, a town tn t^ulTex, with a
market on Wednefday, 12 miles e ef
^wes. and 59 s by a of London.
Hiumburgt a town ot Auftria, with a
caftle on a mountain, aear the Danube,
i<f miles K by s of Vienna.
Hai-nattt an ifland in the China fea,
to the N of the gulf of Cochinchina,
and to the s of the province of Quang-
tong, from which it is i a miles diftant.
It is 400 miles in circumference. The
foil of the N paft is level ; but in the s
and E are mountains, among which are
iralleys that produce two crops of rice
every year. There are mines of frold
and lapis lazuli, which laft is carried to
Canton, to paint the porcelain. It
Eroduces the fame fruits as China,
elide fugar, tobacco, cotton, and in-
digo. Among the animals is a great
black ape, with features refemoling
thofe of the human face ; iiut the com-
mon fort of apes are gray, and very
u^ly. The inhabitants are moflly a
wild fort of people, fliort and de-
formed, and 01 a copper colour : they
.are clothed from the waift downward
only, and paint their faces like other
ravages. Kiun-tcheou is the capital.
Ilainaulff a province of the Nether-
lands ; bounded on the n by Brabant,
NW by Flanders, w by Artois, s by
CambrfGs, Picardy, ?nd Champagne,
and E by the territories of Liege and
IslTamur. It was divided into Audrian
and French Hainault ; the latter was in-
cluded in the department of Nord, on
the new divifion of France in 1791 ;
the former has lince been annexed to
that country, and conftitutes the de-
partment of Jemappc.
HAL
KaMiry, a town of the MhtfaMt «r
Bavafia, no mile* wsw of Ambog.
HaitMH, a town of Suabia. on the
rivulet Lauter, 1 a miles n ofBochao.
Iltvilfftf, a town of Hindooftan, io
Babar, on the left bank of the OannL
opoolite Patna.
llalbentadtt a town of Lower Sax*
ony, capital of a principality of the
fame name, which was formerly a bi.
ftiopric. The 'cathedral is a fuperb
ftruAure ; and here are three regular
abbies, and two nunneries, llie Jewi
are tolerated, and carry on a great
trade; and the inhabitants brew ex.
cellent beer. It is feated on the Ho-
theim, 3 ^ miles s e of Brunfwick. Lon.
II 17 E,lat. 51 56 M.
IlaldemUbtn, a town of Lower Sax.
ony, in the duchy of Magdeburg, oa
the river Ohra, iz miles n of Magde-
burg.
llaldemteint a town of Swiflerland,
in the canton of Grifons, feated near
the Rhine, four miles n of Coire.
Jlaletit a town of the Netherlands, in
Brabant, feated on the river Gact, 17
miles EN£ of Louvain.
Haleit a village in Gloucefterfliire,
two miles ne of Winchcomh ; noted
for the remains of its abbcy« which for-
merly was very magnificent, and had
great privileges.
Halesoivtn, a town in Shropfliire,
inclofed by Worcefterfhire, Vith a
market on Monday, and a manufacture
of nails. The poet Shenftone was bom
and buried here ; at d near it is the
much admired feat of ' -"fowes, in the
decoration of which hm whole fortune
was fpent. It is 10 miles ne of Kid-
dermmfter, and 114 nw of London.
Halesiuortlit a town in Suffolk, with
a market an Tuefday, and a trade in
linen yarn and canvas. Near the town
is railed a great deal of hemp. It bai
a canal to Southwold, and is feated
near the river BIyth, 28 miles ne of
Ipfwich and loi of London.
Halibut lilandt an ifland in the
Pacific ocean, fo named by Cook on
account of the number of fifh of that
name caught here. It is feven leagucj
in circumference, and very low and
barren. Lon. 164 15 w, lat. 5448 n.
Halifax^ an inland diftri^ of N
Carolina, comprehending the counties
of Northampton, Halifax, Martin, Edg-
comb, Wanen, Franklin, andNalh.
Halifax^ a town of N Carolina, ca-
pital of the diftridt and connty of iu
name, fituate oh the- Roanoke, in a rich
country, 70 miles n e of Ralegh. Lon,
7758 w, lat. 36 14 w.
HAL
BtHfaXi a town of VirginUf chief of
lesufltv of the fame name, t5 miJca w
of Mecklenburg. Lon. 79 17 w, lat.
«6 411 '•
llallfaxt a city and the cultal of
Nova Scotia. It ftands on the w lid«
of ChebuAo bay, which i> large enough
to ihcl'«r a tboufand men of war. The
town hat an entrenchment, and it
ftrcngthened with fortt of timber ( the
itreets aa* parallel and at right angles.
At the N extremity it the king't yard,
fupplicd with ftoret of every kind .for
the royal navv. The inhabitantt arc
cllimsted at above ij,ooo. It is 780
miles NE of New York. Lon. 62 30 w,
lit. 44 45 "•
Halifax, a town in W Yorklhire,
with a mnrl.et on S.iturday. It is a
very large parilh, containing la chapelt
of eafe, and the inhabitants are prin-
cipally employed in the woollen manu-
faflure. This town is the great mart
for broad and narrow cloths, tammies,
Ihalloons, calaraancos, everlaftings, &c.
It h!)i a market'houfe, called the Piece
Hall, and various others for particular
goods. The church is a venerable
buildin);, and contains a number of an>
cient idonuments. In 1801 the number
of inhabitants was ii886. It in feated
in a billy country, near a branch of the
Calder,4o miles wsw of York, and 197
M by w of London. Lon. i 45 w, lat.
s,^ « ".
llalitz, a town of Poland, in the pa-
latinate of Lumberg, with a caftle. Since
I'/ 73 it has been included in the new
kingdom of Galicia. It is feated on the
Dnieller, 60 miles sse of Lemberg.
Lon. 25 19 h), lat. 49 %Q V,
llalland, a province of Swedon, on
the w coaft of Gothland. It is 60 miltfs
along the coaft, but not above iz in
breadth. The country is in general
mountainous, with conliderable woods
of nal^ and birch. Halmftadt is the ca-
pital.
llallaton, a town in Leicefterfliire,
with a market on Thurfday, i a miles
isE of Leicefter, and 9 1 n by e of Lon-
don.
Ualky a town of Lower Saxony, in
the duchy of Magdeburg, with a famous
univerfity. It has large falt-works, and
ni4iiufa(!lures of ftarch, linen, and flan-
nel. It is feated on the Saalc, 18 miles
NNw of Leipfic, and 46 sse of Magde-
burg. Lon. la 13 E, lat. 51 gu V, .
HaUe^ a town of Suabia, noted for
its falt-pits, and the famous proteftant
It-agiie concluded here in t6io. It is
feated on the Kocher, among rocks and
raoutUains, 37 miles he of Stutgard.
H A Ml
HalUt a town of Oermany, in Tyrol*
funoui for itt falt-mine ; feated on the
Inn, fix milet rnk of Interuck.
IlaUe, a town of the Netherlandt, in
Hainault, feated on the ScnnCt eight
miles ssw of nruifels.
JIaUein, a town of Bavaria, in the
duchy of Sal/burg; feated on the Salxa,
among mountains that abound in minea
of fait, eight miles s by k of Salxburg.
UalUrttrin/(, a town of Lower Sax-
ony, in tne principality of Calenberg,
at the I'uurce of the Haller, 14 milea
ssw of Hanover.
Halmstadtt a feaport of Sweden, cz«
pital of Halland- Here are fiourithing
woollen manufactures, and a profitable
falmon-tiihery. It ftands at the mouth
of the NilFa, on a bay of the Categat.
70 miles SHE of Gothcburg. Lon. i«
48 E, lat. 56 39 N.
Hahtead, a town in Eflex, with t
market on Friday, and a manufaAure
of bays and fays ; feated on the fide of
a hill, on the river Coin, 16 miles N of
Chelmsford, and 46 ne of London.
Ifaltiren, a town of Weftphalia, in
the principality of Munfter, feated on
the Lippe, 15 miles sw of Munfter.
I/alton, a town in Chefliire, with a
market on Saturday. It had a (lately
caille, belonging to the diichy of I.an*
caller, which maintained a large juriC
diAion round it, by the name 01 HaltoA
Fee; but all that remains is now a
prifon. It is feated near the Mcrfey,
13 miles vt of Chefler, and 195 nnw of
London.
Ilaltiuhhtle, a town of Northumber-
land, with a market on Thurfday, feat-
ed on a hill, on the s branch of the
Tyn(-> .^5 miles w of Newcaftle, and
283 N by w of London.
JIalva, a town of the kingdom of
Fez, feated on the Cebu, eight milet s
of Fez.
Ham, a (Irong town of Weftphalia,
capital of the county of Mark. It is a
place of good trade, and has extenfive
bleaching-grounds. In 1 761, the French
were defeated near this place by the
troops of Brunfwick. It is feated on
the Lippe, 20 miles w of Lipftadt. Lon.
7 57 E,lat. 51 40 N.
Ham, a town of France, in the der
partment of Somme, with a ftrong caftit,
feated on the Somme, 48 miles n ot
Paris. Lon. 3 6 g, lat. 49 45 m.
Ilamah, a town of Syria, the refi-
dence of the fcheik, with the title of
emir. The beft houfes, the mofques,
and the caftle, are built of black and
white ftones The river Alfi, fortnerlj
called Orontcs, runs ciofv by cal caftit;.
m
HAM
md 9n» Hi ditiQb««* which are cni dc«p
into the foltd rock. The inhabUanta
liave a trade iu linen of their own ma-
BufaAure. It ia feated among hiUs, 78
wiles B\\ of Aleppo. Lon. 34 55 e, lat.
36 15 M-
HamMmelf a town of the kingdom of
Tnni«» on a gulf of the fame name* 3^
miles 8 of Tunis. Lon. i* 15 b, lat,
Hamarst a town, of France, in the
department of Calvadoi, 13 miles ssw
of Caen.
Hambatht a town of France, in the
department of Roert lately of Germany,
in the duchy of Juliers ; feated on the
lirer Rur, five miles se of Juliers
HamhUdoth a town in Hampihire,
with a market on Monday, 15 miles S£
of Winchefter, and 64 wsw of London.
Hamburg^ a city of Lower Saxony,
In the duchy of Holftein, confining
of the old and the new town ; both
nearly of an equal fize. Molt of the
hoBtfes are built after the manner of
the Dutch, and richly fumiflied within.
The principal ftreets of the old town
have long and broad qanals, which are
filled hi the tide. It is feattxl on the
rivers Elbe and Alder.; and the latter,
before it enters the town by fluices,
forms a fine bafin. Hamburg is well
fortified, and on the ramparts are hand-
ibme walks, planted with rows of trees.
The town, from its fituation, has all
poflible advantages for foreign and do-
dcJHc trade; particularly from its com-
municatiop, by the Elbe, with fome of
the principal navigable rivers of G^r-
fnany ; and hence it is one of the moft
fxMnmerdal places in the world. Here
is s celebrated college, an arfenal, a
bank, »nd a handfome exchange. The
inhabitants are eftimated at 100,000.
The religion is Lutheran, and none but
the EngKfli have the liberty of perform-
ing divine fervice in a chapel of their
own- Other religions are tolerated at
Altpna, a large town near the harbour
•f Hamburg, except the Jews, who
Eiivti no fyoagogue. Beiide the five
pn^dpal churches, there are 1 1 fmaller
onctt for particular uccafions, fome of
which belong to hofpitals. The cathe>
dral of Our Lady is a very fine ftruc>
tare. Hamburg was occupied in No-
vemlcr 1806 by the French, who put
the Britiih merchants under arreft, and
confifcated all Englifh property found
here. It is 55 miles se of the mouth of
tbc Elbe in the German ocean, and 55
KB of Bicmco. Lon. 10 1 e, lat. si
Mambmgt a towa of Penafylvaniat
HAM
in Burke county, on the 1 fide ef the
Schuylkill, yp miles Nirw of Philadd.
phia.
Hmmktrgt a town of New Jerfcy, ig
Suflex^iipounty, ae miles v% of xjew*
town, and io nw of Newark.
Hamelburg, a town of Franconia, is
the principality of Fulda, feated on the
Saale, 15 miles www of Schweinfurt
HmmeliH, a ftrong town of Lower
Saxony wit the extremity of the duchv
of Brunfwick, of which it is the key.
Here are manufaAures of ftuffk, filki,'
and ftockings. The fortrefs furrendered
to the French in 1806. It is fitaate at
the confluence of the Hamel with the
Wefer, 45 miles sw of Hanover. Lon,
9 23 K, lat. 5% 5 M.
Ha-mi, a province of Weftem Tar.
tary, furrounded by deferts, yet ac>
counted one of the moft delightful
countries in the world- Its rice and
fruits, particularly the melons and dried
raifins, are in high efteem in China. It
is tributary to that country; and iti
capital is of the fame narae, 104^ tniles
w by M of Peking* Lon. v3 44 R.'lat.
Uami/tM, a diftrid of TennefTee, com.
prehending the counties of Hawkins,
Knox, Jefferfon, Sevier, and Blount.
The chief town is Knoxville, the capital
of the ftate.
HamiitoH, a town of the ftate of Ohio,
in Hamilton county. It has a good
trade with the fettlers of the back coun.
try, and ftands on the Great Miami, 39
miles N of Cincinnati.
HamiltoHt a town of New York, in
Albany county, femous fpr its manu-
faAure of glafs, 10 miles wnw of At
bany.
Hamitffit a town of Scotland, in La.
nerkfliire, with a noble feat belonging
to the duke of that name. It has a
trade in cabinet work, and the making
of fhoes ; and the women are famous
for the fpinning of linen yarn. In 1 801,
the number of inhabitants was 5908.
It is feated on the Avon, near its con-
flux With the Clyde, 10 milss se of
Glafgow, and 37 wsw of Edinburg.
Hamnutt a town of the kingdom of
Tmis, celebrated for its baths, 12 )M\\fi
w of C:bes.
Hmmmamt a town of the kingdom of
Tunis, wit ha celebrated hot bath, feated
near a mountain rich in lead-ore, 16
miles s of Tunis.
Hammert a town of Norway, in the
government {^ Aggerhuys, 60 miles mnb
of Chriftianta.
Hammerjmhbt a large village in Mid>
dlefia* feated op the Thaawit four
nAM
mSet w of London. Here it ii nun>
jgry, cftablilhed originally as a board-
ing rchool for young ladies of the Roman
catholic perfuafion; and toward the
Hver are a number of handibim feats
Hammersteiny a fortrers of Germany,
in ti>e late eleaorate of Treves, feated
on the Rhine, oppofite Coblentz.
Hamonf, a town of the Netherlands«
in the late Wlhopric of Liege, i* m\e»
w by N of Kuremonde.
Hampthircy a county of England,
Jwunded on the k by Berkfhjre, b by
Sunyand Suflex, 8 by the Engliih chan-
nel, and w by Dorfetlhire and Wilt-
(hir«. It extends, exrlufive of the ifle
of Wight, 41 miles from n to 8, and 38
from E to w : contains i, 1 1 2,000 acres ;
it divided into 39 fmall hundreds, and
2j3 pariflies ; and has one city and 20
market-towns. It fends, with the ifle
of Wight. 26 members to parliament ;
and the number of inhabitants in iSoi
was 219.656. This county has a great
variety of foils, but the principal part 16
chalk. The Dorfetfliire border has
large traAs of heath ; and toward the
fea are great quantities of marfli land,
but very fertile ; and all the remainder
is excellent land. It is one of the moft
fertile and populous counties in Eng-
land. On the downs, of which a ridge
nins almoft acrof* the county, are fed
plenty of (heep : but the ftock is confi-
derably decreafed, owing to endofures.
Befide wheat, barley, and hops, it is fa-
mous for bacon, honey, and timber:
the laft in particular, on account of its
great woods, of which the principsl arc
the New Fureil, and tht foreft of Bert-
The principal rivers are the Avon, Teft,
Itchen, anu Stour Southampton is
deemed the county-town, but the aflizea
areheldatWinchefter. See New Forejtt
indfFight-
Hampshirej Nnuy one of the United
States of America, bounded on the c
by the diftridt of Maine and the Atlan-
tic, s by MalTachufets, and w and irw
by the river Connecticut, which fepa-
rates it from Vermont. It is divided
into five counties, Rockingham, Stafford,
Hiliborough, Chelhire, and Grafton.
i'he land near the fea is generally low,
but, advancing into the country, it rifes
into hills. From the vicinity o£ fome
mountains, whofe fummits are covered
with fnow moft of the year, this country
is intenfely cold in winter. In fummer
the heat is great, but of ihort duration.
The capital is Portfmouth.
Hamfttead, r, town of New York, in
IQltteens countyi Long Iflaodt fiiuatc in
H 4 N
a large plain, aa miki b lif t of Vtw
York.
Hampstead, a village in Middlefex*
Umt miles nnw cf London,^ formerly
&mou.8 for its medicinal waters. It it
feated on the Hde of a hill, on the top
of which is a fine heath that commands
a delightful profped ; and in the vid*
njtr are many elegant feats and t illas.
liamptoHt or MinclAng HamptoHt a
town in Glouceiterihiir, with a market
on Tuefday, and extentive cloth manu.>
fafiures; feated near the Stroud canal*
14 miles s of Gloucefter, and 99 w of
London.
HamptoHy a feaport of Virginia, in
ElifalxAh county, near the mouth of
James river, 24 miles se of William£>,
burg. Lon. 76 2S w, lat. 37 5 n.
llamptoKi a feaport of New Hamp-
fhire,in Rockingham county, ou a river
of its name, near the fea. It has a
canal to the Menrimac, at Salifbury;
and is 14 miles a by w of Portfmouth.
. Lon. 70 45 w» lat* 4* 5.5 »»•
HamptoHt a village in Middlefex, on
the river Thames, 1 1 miles sw of Lon-
don. It is famous for a royal palace,
called Hampton Court, originally and
magnificently built by cardinal Wolfey*
who gave it to Henry viii. The re*-
mains of the old palace are only fome
of the domeftic offices, the principal part
being taken down in 1690, and the pre^
fent palace ereded by William in.
The buildings, gardens, and parks are
four miles in circumference.
Hatut$h a ftrong town of Germany,
in Wetteravia, capital of a fertile coUn«
tv of the fame name. It is divided into
the old and new town, and in the
former ia a magnificent caftle. It ha«
manufaAures of woollen fluffs, ftock'
ings, procelain, and tobacco; and a
trade m com, iron, and timber. It ia
feated on the Kintzig, near its conflux
with the Maine, 18 miles n a of Oann*
ftadt. I^n. 8 58 E, lat. 50 le K.
Uatuockt a town of Maryland, in
Wafhington county, feated on the Por
tomac, 90 miles nnw of Wafhington.
Hang'tcbeou, a citv of China, of thC
firft cufs, capital or the province of
Tche-kiang. It is 12 miles in circum.
ference, exclulive of its fnburbs, con*
tains more than a million of inhabitants,
and is the general emporium for all ar-
tides that pafs between the northern
and fouthern provinces. Here are ex*
tenfive fhops and warehoufes; and it
has a great trade in died cottons and
nankins, fliks, rice, and other grain. U
is feated between a Urge bafin, that
fonni the s extremity of the goad
HAN
MUial, and a fmall lake* called See-hou,
700 miles s by E of Peking. Lon. lao
20 E, lat. 30 ao N.
Hanover, a^ late eleAerate of Ger-
manyt in tlir circle of Lower Saxony. It
c(Hitained the duchies of Zell, Saxe-
Lanienborg, Bremen, Luneburg, and the
principalities of Verden, Grubenhagen»
and Ovcrwald. George i of Great Bri-
tain was the Brft who gained poflfeflion
of all thefe ftates, which lie moftly be-
tween the rivers Wefer and Elbe, and
ex^^nd 300 mile$ in length; but the
l>readlh is varibus, being in fome places
150 miles, and in others but jo. Their
£ reduce is timber, cattle, hogs, mum,
eer, and bacon ; a little filver, copper,
kad, iron, vitriol, brimltone, quick-
^Ivcr, and copperas. In 1803, the
French obtained pofltdion of all thpfe
territories.
Hanover^ a fortified city of Lowc;r
Saxony, lately the cap.'tal of the elec-
torate of the fame name. It its neigh-
bourhood are the palace and elegant
gardens of Herenhaufen. Hanover is
well built, contains upward of 15,000
inhabitants, and has ,manuf?dures of
lace, ftuff, ftockings, ribands, and lea-
ther. The French took it in 1757, but
were foon after ej-.ptUed. They took
it again in 1803. It is I'cated on both
fides of the Leine, 38 miles w by n of
Brunfwick. Lon. 9 48 e, lat. 52 22 s.
Hanover., a town of New Hampfhire,
in Grafton county, on the e bank of
the Connedticut. Three miW s of it,
and near the fame river, is Dartmouth
college, one of the moil celebrated fe-
minaries of education in the United
{States. Hanover is 3 2 miles N of Charief-
ton, and 100 nw of Portfmouth. Lon,
1% 85 w, lat. 43 46 w-
Hanover, a town of Pennfylvania, in
York county, 18 miles sw of York, and
106 w by s of Philadelphia.
Hanover, a town of Virginia, in a
county of the fame name, fituate on the
Pamunky, the s branch of York river,
C2 miles nne of Richmond.
Hanover, AVw, a large ifland in the
8'Pacific ocean, cppoiite the vw extre-
mity of New Ireland. It is high, and
covered with trees, among which are
many beautiful plantations.
Han-ian. See Turon.
Hansbachf a town of Bohemia, in the
circle of Leitmcritz, with ^lanufadtures
c^ cotton, thread, and paper, 1 2 miles
N of Kamnitz.
HansfeUen, a town of Germany, in
Stiria, eight miles nnw of Judenburg.
Han-tehong, a city of China, of the
^rft ^1^8) in the province of Cbenii, on
H AR
the river Han, furfounded by mbnfl.
tains and ferefts. The chief artidei rf
trade are honey, wax, rauflc, and cin-
nabar. It is 625 miles sw of Pekinir.
Lon. ie6 35 E, lat. 32 56 H.
Hanuye, a town of the Netherlands,
in Brabant, on the frontiers of Lim
and Namur, 25 miles nnk of Namur.
Han-yang, a city of China, of the
firfl: clafs, in the province of Hou-
quang. It is feated at the conflux of
the Han with the Kian-ku, 585 mileg
w of Peking. Lon. 1x3 44 e, lat. 30
36 N.
Hapaee, the name of tour of the
Friendly illands, in the Pacific ocean.
They are of fimilar height and appear-
ance, and connefted by a reef of coral
rocks, dry at low water. The planta-
tions arc numerous and extenlive. Thefe
iflands extend from N to s about 19
miles.
Hapsal, a town of RulTia, in the go.
vernment of Revel, feated on the Bal-
tic, oppoflte the ifland of Dago, five
miles sw of Revel.
Hapsburg, an ancient caftle of Swif.
ferland, on a lofty eminence, near
Schintznach. What is left of it is now
inhabited by the family of a peafant.
This caftle was the cradle, as it were,
of the houfe of Audria, whofe anceftors
may be traced back to the beginning of
the 1 3th century, when-Rodolph count of
Hapiburg was elevated to the empire
of Germany and archduchy of Auftria.
Hdran, or Charan, a town of Aliatic
Turkey, in Diarbek, known in fcripture
PS the country of Laban. To thii
place Craffus retired after his defeat by
the Parthians, and not far from it he
was killed. It is 25 miles e by a of
Orfa.
//((ir^oro«;fA, atownin Leicefterfliire,
with a market on Tuefday. Here are
manufaAures of tammies, ihalloons,
and ladings. It is feated on the WeU
land, 15 miles s of Leicefter, and 83 n
by w of London.
Harburg, a town of Lower Saxony,
in thn dachy of Luneburg, with a
ftrong Caftle. It has inanutiaAures of
iilks, (lockings, wax, and tobacco ; and
a great trade in timber with Holland.
In 1757 it was taken by the French,
but retaken the fanie year by the Hano-
verians. It is feated en the Seeve, at
its conflux with the Elbe, oppolitc
Hamburg, 37 miles nw of JLuneburg.
Lon. 10 % E, lat. 53 28 K.
Hareourt, a town of France, in the
department of Eure, 15 miles wnw of
Evreux.
Harcourtt a towR of France, in the
led by msitt.
:hief artidei of
nuflt, and dn.
sw of Peking.
e Netherlands,
itiew of Liege
'KofNamur.
China, of the
ince of Hou.
the conRux of
-ku, 585 miles
5 44 E, lat. 30
if four of the
Pacific ocean,
ht and appear,
a reef of coral
The pianta-
Ktenlive. Thefe
to s about 19
iflia, in the go-
od on the Bal.
of Dago, live
caftle of Swif.
minence, near
eft of it is now
' of a peafant.
die, as It were,
whofe anceftors
le beginning of
jdolph count of
to the empire
hyof Auftria.
[own of Aliatic
n in fcripture
•an. To thii
his defeat by
Far from it he
liles E by 8 of
[Leicefterfliire,
lay. Here are
fes, flialtoons,
on the WeU
kr, and 83 n
>wcr Saxony,
lurg. with a
Inutiadlures of
pbacco; and
nth Holland,
the French,
|by the Hano-
the Seeve, at
[be, oppolite
pf tuneburg.
ranee, in the
liles WNW of
r:Lnce> in the
H A R
lepartment of Calvados, u miles s b;
w of Caen.
Hardiergt a town of Germany, in
Stiria, it miles s$w of Friedberg.
Hartlegsen, a town of I.ower Saxony,
in the duchy of Brunfwicit, with a con-
fiderable manufaAurc of leather, 10
mileJNWof Gottingen.
HarJenhrgt a town of Wcftphalia,
in the duchy of Berg, 1.? miles kne of
Dufleldorp. r « « j •
Uardenburgy a town of Holland, in
Overyflel, fituate on the Vecht, 10
miles sw of Covoerden.
Barderivyckt a fortified town of Hol-
land, in Gclderland, with a univeraty.
it has a trade in com and wood, and is
feated on the Zuider Zee, 24 miles
KN? of Arnhcim. Lon. 53 8 e, lat. 5 a
ilfS.
Hardivick, a town of the ftate of
Georgia, near the mouth of the Ogee-
cbee, 18 miles ssw of Savanna.
Ilamvood, a village in W Yorkfhire,
on the river Wharf, eight miles n of
Leeds. Here are the remains of an an-
cient caftle ; and in the church is the
monument of fir William Gafcoyne,
who committed Henry prince of Wales
to prifon, for affronting him while he
fat adminiftering juftice. Near it is
Harewood-houfc, the noble ieat of lord
Harewood.
Uarfleur, a town of France, in the
department of Lower Seine. Its fortifi-
cations have been long demolifhed, and
its harbour nearly choked up. It ftands
on a fmall river, near the mouth of the
Seine, 36 miles nw of Rouen. Lon. o
19 E, lat. 49 30 N.
Harford, a town of Maryland, in a
county of the fame name, tituate on
Bufti river, 35 miles ene of Baltimore.
Ihrihara, a town of Hindooftan, in
Myfore, with a fort, in which is a cele-
brated temple. It ftands on the' e fide
of the Tunga-bhadra, which here fepa-
rates Myfore from the country of the
Mahrattas. In the vicinity much cot-
ton wool is cleaned, and fpun into
thread. It is 64 miles ne of Nagara.
Harltbeck, a town of the Nethor-
l^ds, in Flanders, on the river Lis,
three miles ne of C'ourtray.
Harleigh, a town of Wales, capital
of Merionethihiro, with a market on
Saturday. It is a poor place, though
governed by a mayor, and has a caftle,
Mlt by Edward i , almpft entire, on a
rock projciiting into St. George chan-
nel. It is x6 mites sr of Carnarvon,
and 231 MNW of London. Lon. 4 6 w,
Ut. 51 54 s.
iiarltm, afortilied «ity of S UoUaod,
HAR
memorable for the fiege it held otit
againft the Spaniards in 1573, for ten
months, before it capitulated. It hac
broad regular ftreets, and many canals.;
and is noted for i^s velvets, damaflcsy
worfted ftuffs, and bleaching-grounds.
The inhabitants are computed at 40 ,000.
The great church, which is the largeft
in Holland, has the grandeft organ in Eu-
rope; it contains 8000 pipes, and 69
Sops. Harlem is feated near a lake of
the fame name, 1 z miles w of Amfter*
dam. Lon. 4 37 e, lat. iz %z v.
Har/eston, a town in Norfolk, with a
market on Wednefday, feated on the
Wavenay, r6 miles s of Norwich, and ^
99 NE of London<
U'lrting, a town in Norfolk, with
a market on Tuefday, 24 miles sw of
Norwich, and 89 ne of London.
Harlingen, a fortified feaport of Hoi- ^
land, in Friefland, of which, next to # tP^
Lewarden, it is the largeft and moft po-
pulous. It has flourifhing manufadlures
of paper and canvas, and is leatcd cm
the Zuider Zee, 15 miles w of Lewar-
den. Lon. 5 23 E, lat. 53 11 m,
Harlow, a town in EflTex, feven miles
Nw of Ongar. On a common, tw«
miles from the town, is a famouS' fair
on the 9th of September, called Harlow
Bulb Fair, much reforted to by the
neighbouring gentry.
Harmont/, a town of Pennfylvania,
in Luzerne county, on the N fide of
Staruccacret:k, a water of the e branch
of the Sufquehnnna. Between this
place and Stockport, on Delaware river,
diftant 18 miles ese, there is a portage.
It is 130 miles nw of New York, and
140 N by w of Philadelphia.
Hnro, a town of Spain, in Old Caf-
tile, feated on the Ebro, 3a miles ne of
Burgos.
Harpertfeldt a town of New York, in
Otfego county, 32 miles se of Cooperf-
town, and 6i w of Hudfon.
Harfonelly, a town of Hindooftan,
capital of a diftri<5l in the Myfore coun-
try. At the partition of this country,
in 1799, Harponelly was ceded 'to the
Mahrattas. It is 76 miles nne of Na-
gara. Lon. 75 28 E, lat. 1440 N,
Harrington, a fmall port in Cumber-
land, on a creek of the Irifli fea, which
admits veffds of 1 20 tons burden up to
the houfes. Coal, lime, iron-ftone, and
fire-clay, are font hence to Ireland and
Scotland. It is fix miles N of White-
haven, and eight w sw of Cockermouth.
Harrington, a town of the diftri<^ of
Maine, in Lincoln county, on the w
fide of Kenii«'hec river, which will hfre
admit vefl'cU of 1^0 tons Thejudicinl
- A
#•
HAn
tauttt for tbe county are heM alter-
nately in this town* add at Wifcaflfet.
It carriea on a Wiik trade with the back
country* and is 30 inlles N by w of
Uerriorpouf, 8 town of Hindooftan,
in Orifla» capital of the dlftrid of Mc
burbunger It is loft miles Nne of Cat«
tack and 1 20 wsw of Calcutta, ton.
86 46E«lat. 21 53 V.
Uarrisbuny a town of Pennfylvania,
capital of Dauphin county, fituate on
the E bank of the Sufquehanna, 86 miles
>v by N of Philadelphia. Lon. 76 55
w,Iat.4o 15 M.
HarrodsbMTgi a town of Kentucky,
in Mercer county, at the head of Salt
river, 30 miles s by w of Frankfort.
Harrofttt a village in Middlcfex, on
the higheft hill in the county, 10 miles
WNW of London. It has a celebrated
frcefchool.
Harro<wgate, a village in W York-
fhire, two miles w of Knareiborough.
It is famous fur medicinal fprings, one
of which is the ftrongeil fulphur-water
in Great Britain. Here are feveral
large buikiingo, with, a theatre, &c. for
the accommodation of the numennis
vifitants in the fummer. It is 211 miles
3i by w of London.
Bartensteittt a town and caftle of
Upper Saxony, in Mifnia, &:( miles se
of Zwickau.
Hartford i a city of Conned icut, ca-
pital of a county of its name, and the
place where the half-yearly affcmbly of
the ftate is held in May. It itands on
the w fide of tiie river Conne(5licut, .150
miles from its mouth. The inhabit-
ants enier largely into the manufac-
turing bufinefs. On the oppofite iide
of the Connedicut is the town of £aft
Hartford, where are iron and glafs
works. The city is divided by a fmall
flream, called Little River, with high
romantic banks, over which is abridge;
and the ftreets interfe^ each other at
right angles. It is to miles nkb of
Newhavcfi- Lon- 7a 55 w, lat. 41
50 N.
Hartford, Newt a town of Connefti-
cut. in Lichfield county, 14 miles ke
of Lichfield.
Hart land, a town in Devonfliire,
with a market on Saturday. Near it is
Hartland abbey, which includes the
fite and Game |[}ortion of the ancient
abbey. It is feated near the Briftol
channel, and a promontory called Hart-
land^wint, 28 miles vsw of Bamftaple,
and 214 w by s of London.
Hartlepoelt a feaport in the county
of Durham* governed by a mayor* with
HAS
a market on Monday. In the vidtiih
are feteral coal>mine8, and a lai^ flnor
manufaAure. It is iieated on the Cer.
flian ocean, partly furrounded by rod»
and hills. 16 miles Ese of Durham, and
258 N by w of London. Lon. « 54 w
L; 54 41 K., •
Hartlejt a town in Northumberland,
a little If w T>f Tynemouth. A haven
bas been conftrudcd here, whence coal
is {hipped to London ; and a canal is
cut through a folid rock to the harbour.
Here are alfo large £alt, copperas, and
glafs works-
IJartzxerodft a town of Upper Sax.
ony, in the principality of Anhalt-BCTij.
bui]5, fituate near the Partz mountaint,
which contain mines of filver, copper
lead, and iron. It has a mine^ffice
and a caftle, and is 23 miles sw of
Bernburg.
Harwic/if a feaport and borough in
Eflex, governed by a mayor, with i
market on Tuefday. It has a capacious
harbour, and a convenient dock for the
building of men of war. Much com-
pany refort hither for the purpofe k
lea-bathing, and it is the principal place
of embarkation for Holland and Ger-
many. The entrance into tlie harbour
is defended by a battery and Languard
Fort. The town is feated on a tongue
of land, oppofite the united mouths of
the Stour and Orvvell, 43 miles e by »
of Chelmsford, and ;i ene of London.
Lon. I 13 K, lat. 51 56 N.
Har<wich, a town of Maflachufeti,
in Bamilable county, on the n fide of
thepeninfulaofC;ipeCod. The marine
bufinefs is chiefly in the fifhery, and it
is 1 2 miles nk of Barnftable.
Harrington, a town of Connefticnt,
in Lichfield county, eight miles z of
Lichfield.
Hasinet a fort and town of Hindoof.
tan, in Myfore, with a central battery
that ferves as a citadel. It is 47 miles
Nw of Seringapatam.
Haslemeref a borough in Surry, with
a market on Tuefday, 1 2 miles sw of
Guildford and 42 of London.
Hajlitigden, a town in Lancafliire,
with a market oir Wednefday, and con>
fiderable mnnufa^ures of linen, wool-
len, and cotton. It is 16 miles n by w
of Mancheftcr, and 204 nnw of Lon-
don.
Hasselty a foilified town of Holland,
in Overyird, ftated on the Vccht, fix
miles N of ZwoH.
Hajselt, a town of the Netherlands,
in the territory of Liege, feated on the
Demer, 14 miles nw ofMaeftricht.
Hajj/urt, a town of Franconia, '»
HAT
the principality of Wurtzburjt, on the
lifcr Bfaine> eight milea e of Schwein>
furt.
, Haiilacht a town of 8uabia» in the
BrifgftUi on the river Kintzig» 14 na\f
jiBofGengenbach.
Hasttnbeck, a town of Lower Saxony^
to the duchy of Brunfwick, near which
the Fretich gained a viAory over the
duke of Cumberland, in 1757* It is
five miles SE of Hameiin.
Hastings, a boroogh in Sufleic, go-
verned by a mayor, with a market on
Wednefilay and Saturday. It is one of
the Cinque Ports* and had once a caftle»
BOW in ruins. The harbour* formerly
of much confequence, is now only an
indifferent road for fmall veflels. Hhe
town is commanded bjr a ftroag fortj
bat two churcheSf and is a fafliionable
ffitcriiqr place* In io6i, a bloody
battle was fought here, between Harold
II of Englvid and William duke of
JJormandy, in which the former loft
hit life and kingdom : William* henee
furnamed the Conqueror* was foon
ifter crowned king or England* and in-
troduced a memorable epoch in the
annals of the country. Haftings is
fnted between a high cliff toward the
fea, and a high hill toward the land
fide, ^4 miles a of Lewes, and 64 se of
London. Lon. c 41 b, lat. ,i;o 52 kt.
WatfieUt a town of Maifachuiets, in
Hampfhire county* on the w lide of the
Connedlicut* nearly oppofite Hadley*
(0 which place there is a ferry. It is
fiTcmileAN of Northampton.
Hat/ieidt a town in Hertfordlhire*
with a market on Thurfday. li. for-
merlv belonged to the bifhop of Ely* in
whole palace Erifabeth refided* and
was thence conduced* on the death of
Mary, to afcend the throne. She pro-
cured the alienation of this manor ; and
James i exchanged it with fir Robert
Cecil, afterward earl of SnliAiiiry* for
Theobalds; and on the fite of the epif-
copal palace, that nobleman built the
magniitcent feat called Hatfield-houfe.
It ii feated on the river Lea* zo miles
NSW of London.
Hathnley, a corporate town in De-
vonihire, with a market on Friday, and
a woollen manufaAure. It is feated
near the river Oke, a6 miles n\v of
Sxeter, and aoi w by s of London.
Hattem-, a town of Holland, in Gel-
iJcrland, Icated on the Yflel, four miles
»w of Zwoll.
Hatteras, a cape on the coaft of N
America. It extemis far into the ocean,
from the coaft of N Carolina, in lat. 35
15 N.
H A V
Hatihigettj a town uf Weftpbalb, in
the county of Mark* feated on th«
Roer* 17 miles RNxof Dufleldorp,
Uatvan, a town and fort of upper
Hungary* feated on a mottataiB*!a8
miles SNB of Buda.
Hatzfeldt a town and caftle of Ger*
many* in Upper HefTe* capital of a
county of its name; feated on the £der»
17 miles NNw of Marbuiv.
Uavannot a city and feaport on the
Nw part of Cuba* two miles in circum*
ference* and the capital of the ifland.
The houfes are elegant* built of ftone»
and the churches are rich and magnifi*
cent. The harbour is capable of con-
taining upward of 1000 veiTels^ and tlw
entrance* fo narrow that only one fliip
can enter at a time, is defended by two
flrong forts* called the Moro and the
Puntal; there are alfo many other
forts and platforms, well furnifhed with
artillery. Here all the fhips that tome
from the Spanifh fettlements rendezvous
on their return to Spain. This city
was taken by the Englifh in 1762* bat
reftored to the Spaniards in 1763. It is
feated on the w fide of the iuirbour,
and watered by two branches of the
river La^iu;. Lon. 8a i8w,Iat.a3 law.
HavoHtt a town in Hat^rfHire* with
a market on Saturday, feyen milea n e.
of Portfmouth* and 66 w by s of Lon-
don.
Havelbergt a town of Brandenburg,
in the mark of Pregnitz* feated on the
Havel, near its conflux with the Elbe.
Many veflels for the navigation of the
Elbe are built hen:* and great quantities
of wood fent hence to Hamburg. It is
37 miles NW of Brandenbiirs.
Haverfordnuettt a borough of Wales*
in Pem£>rokefhire* with a mar]cet on
Tuefday and Saturday. It is a county
of itfelf* governed by a mayor, contains
three parifh churches, and has a con-
fiderable trade. The afTizes and coun-
ty gaol are kept here ; and it had onoe
a wall and caftle, now demoUilied. It
is feated on titc Dougledy, which foon
after enters a creek of Milford haven*
15 miles ESE of St. David* and 253 w
by N' of London. Lon. 5 o w* lat. 51
Haverhill, a town of New Hamp-
fhire, chief of Grafton county, fituate
on the Connediciit, 32 miles K by E of
Hanover* and 110 wnw of Portland.
Lon. 7415 w, lat. 44 5 s'.
Ha'verhill, a town of MafTachufets*
in EiTex county* with two clturches,
and a bridge over the .Merriniac. Some
vefTels are built here, and it has a ma-
nufacture of canvad. It ii la miles
#
HAY
from Ifewbury Port, at the tr.outh of
the rWer, and 3% n by w of Jiofton.
' Havcriit a town in Suffolk, with a
tttarket on Wednefday, and a manufac-
ture of checks, cottons, and fuftians- It
is 16 milea sw of Bury, and 59 nk of
London.
Htnire de Graev* a fcaport of France,
in the department of Lower Seine, with
a ftrong citadel, a good arfenal, and
Aorehoufes for the conftruAion and
arming of (hips. It is furrounded by
lofty walls, and large ditches filled with
water. The harbour has particular
advantagec above 'i<i others on the
coaft ; for the water does not begin to
<bb till near three hours after the full
tide. This town was bombarded by
the Englith in 1694 and 1759. It is
ftated at the mouth of the Seine, 45
miles w of Rouen, and 1 1 a nw of Paris,
lion. o 6 E, lat. 49 29 n.
Uavrc de Grace, a town of Mary-
land, in Harford county, on the w fi«le
of the Sufquehanna, at the head of
Cbefapeak bay, 37 miles n£ of Balti-
more.
Hauten, a town of Suabia, in Bri(gau,
on the river Kintzigi 16 miles nne of
Friburg.
Hauterive, a town of France, in the
department of Upper Garonne, feated
on the Arriege, 10 miles s of Touloufe.
Haut-vUlitrSi a town of France, in the
department of Ma me, with a late rich
abbey, feated on the Marne, 16 miles s
by E of Kheims.
Haiuardeiiy a tawn of Wales, in
Flintlhire, with a market on Saturday,
a confidtniblc manufadure of earthen
ware, and a foundery for cannon. On
an eminence between the town and the
river Dee, ."vre the remains of an ancient
caftle. It is 10 miles se of Flint, and
196 NW of London.
Ila'wick, a town of Scotland, in Rox-
burglhire, with manufactures of car-
peting, woollen ftockiiigs,^and tape. It
is feated on the Tiviot, zi'milcs ssw of
Kelfo.
Hawkslicad, a town in Lancafhire,
with a market on Monday. Here is a
neat townhoufe, and an excellent free-
fchool founded by aichbilhop Sandys, a
native of li.i? place. It is 24 miles nnw
of Lancafter r.nd 26; of London.
/i> , i'tvater, a lak<? in Weftmorland,
9 of Ptnri'h, three miles long, and half
a mile over in ibme places. It is almuft
divided in the micidle by a promontory
of inclofurcs, that it coniifts of two
iheets of water.
Ifaif, a town of WaU.'s, in Breck-
nuckjiirc, with a market un Saturday.
\
H EB
It had a fine caftle, now demoliflnd:
and about two miles below is the njiij
of Clifford Calt'i, where fair Rofamond
was born. Hay is feated on the Wye
15 miles NE of Brecknock, and 156 w
by s of London.
JJaye, a town of France, in the depart,
ment of Indre and Loire. It is the
birthplace of Des Cartes, and feated on
the Crtufe, 95 miles s of Tours.
Hayn. See Gross/iayn.
Haytt. See Domingo, St.
Uazebrouci, a town of France, in the
department of Nord, 18 miles w of
Liile, and 19 s of Dunkirk.
Headford, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Gal way, xa miles n of Gal-
way.
Heart, a town of Tonquin, on the
river Hoti, 20 miles sb of Cachao,and
60 NW of the gulf of Tonquin.
Hebrides, or Western Islands, a name
given to a great number of iflands on the
w coaft of Scotland, extending from the
northern extremity of Lewis, in lat. 58
35, to the ifland of Sanda, on the se
coaft of Cantyre, in lat. 55 18. Among
them are feveral large iflands, which are
allotted to the different Ihires on the w
coaft of Scotland: of thefe the chief
are Lewis, and its fmaller iflands, be.
longing to Rofsfliire; N and S Uift,
Benbecula, St. Jrvilda, Bara, Skye,
Raaza, and Egg, attached to Invernefs-
fhire; and Canna, Rum, Muck, Coll,
Tirey, Mull, Jura, and Ifla, belonging
to Argylelhire.
Hebrides, New, iflands in the Pacific
ocean, lying between 14 29 and 20 4 s
lat. and 166 41 and 170 a i e Ion. They
v.-ere difcovered by Quiros in 1606,
and conlidered as part of a fouthem
continent, under the name of Tierra
Auftralia del Efpirituo Santo. Bou-
gainville vilitcd them in 1768, and found
that the land was not conneded, but
compofed of iflandHg which he called
the Great Cyclades. Cook, in 1774,
afcertained the extent and fltuation of
the whole group, and gave them the
name they now bear. The principal
iflands are Tierra del Efpiritu Santo and
Mallicollo, beiide feveral of lefs note,
fome of which are from 18 to 25 leagues
in circuit. In general they are high and
mountainous, abounding with wood,
water, and the ufual produdlions of the
tropical iflands. The inhabitants are
of very different appearances at different
iflands; but are chiefly of a flender
make and dark colour, and moft of them
have friyzled hair. Their canoes and
houfes arc fmall, and poorly conftrurt-
cd ; and, except their arms, they have
, HE r
fcarcely tny manufadlure, not even for
clothing- They are, however, hofpita-
bleand goorfnatured,.when not prompt-
^ to a contrary conduft by the jea-
louiy which the unul'ual appearance of
European vilitors may be luppofed to
excite* ''»
Hebron, a town of Syria, in Paleftme,
with a Chriftian church, faid to contain
the tombs of Abraham and Sarah, to
\vhich tiie Mahometans, as well as
Chiiftians, come on pilgrimage. Con-
ftantine built a church here, the walls
of which are ftill ftanding. It is 25
miles svv of Jerufalem.
liechingen, a town and caftle of
Suabia, which gives name to a branch
of the family of Hohenzollern, and is
the refidence of the prince- It is feated
on the Stariel, four miles n of Hohen-
aollera-
i/rt/o, Mount. See Ictland.
Hfdtmora, a town of Sweden, in Da-
lecarlia, with a ihanufadlure of gun-
powder, feated on the Dahl, 30 miles
ssE of Fahlun.
Hedon, a borough in E Yorkftiire,
■governed by a mayor, with a market
on Thurfday, feated on a creek of the
Humber, fix miles e of Hull,'und i8» k
by w of London.
Heerenveen, a town of Holland, in
Fripfland, 17 miles s by e of Lcwarden.
Heidelberg, H city of Germany, in
Ihe circle ot Lower Rhine, with a cele-
brated univerflty. It has manufaftures
of woollen fluffs, carpets, fiik ftockings,
velvet, and foap. It was the capital of
the- palatinate, and celebratsd for a
great tun, which held 800 hoglheads;
but it has undergone fo many cala-
mities by war and fire, that it is not fo
large as formerly. The proteftant
I tleftoral houfe becoming , extin<5t in
1693, a bk)(*dy war enfiied, in which
I the caftle was ruined, and the eleftor
I removed his refidence -to Manheim.
[The French took poflelfion of this
lown in 1800, and in 1803 it was given
to ihe eleftor of Baden . It is feated on
the Neckar, over which is a bridge, 1 4
BiileiSE of Manheim, and 528 of Frank-
Hort. Loft. 8 38 Ej-iat. 49 ai.N.
Heidelberg, a town of Pennfylvania,
linDauphine county, with two German
thurches, 70 miles wnw of Philadel-
1 phi*.-
Hetta, a town of W Pruflia, oppofite
I the mouth of the Viftula, on a headland
thstprojeds into the Baltic, a6 miles k
lofDantzic
Heilbrin, a town of Suabta, in the
Nnohy of Wirtcmbui'g. It Is a hand-
ifc— pj^g^ fituate in a ooutitry yield*
ing good wine, and derives jteat iivxii^
tages from ito baths. It ftand's on tbe
Neckar, 45 miles n of Stutgard.
Heilbrunn, a town of Francotiiei, In
the principality of Anfpach, wiih a tntf-
tlicinal fpring, 10 miles ewe c(f Anfpach.
Heligoland, or Heiligettind, an Ifland '
in the German ocean, nine milea in
circuit, nearly oppofite the mouths of
the Eyder, Elbe, and Weftr, beloflffing
to Denmark.^ A fire is kept up herfc
by night as a guide to veflels; and pilots
are taken on b6ard here by velftlf going
up either of the three tlvers. In iBo?
this ifland was feized by the Britilh^
Lon. 8 is E» lat. 54 8 k.
Heiligenbeil, a town Of Pruflia, in thfe
province of Natangeti. It is famoufl
for fine beer and white bread, and feat-
ed on a fmall river, which foon after,
enters the Frifch HaiflF, 33 miles sw of
Koniglberg.
Jleiligenhsrg, a town of Su.ibia, ih
the principality of Furftenborg, la jnik^
iJNE of Conftance.
Hriligenhafen, a tovfn of LoWer Sax-
ony, in Holftein, feated on the Battic,
oppofite the ifland of FemerPri, 46
miles N of Lubec
HeUigenstadt, a town of Lower Sax-
ony, capital of the'territory of EichffeM,
with a caftle and a tfolleg^. It is <eated
at the conflux of the Geifland with tht
Leina, 17 miles se of Gottiogen. Ix)n.
10 10 K, lat. 51 aa K.
Heihberg, a town of Pruflia, In 'the
provinc of Ermeland. In i703,Charlei
XII of Sweden fixed here his head
quarters. It is feated on the Alia, 45
mile« s of Kor.igfberg. Lon. ao 30 t>,
lat. 54 4 N.
Jf elder, ^ town of N Holland, \vfth a
ftrong fort which defends the entrance
of t\ie Texel. In Septerrtber 1799 thei
fort was taken by the Engltfli, and the
whole of the Dutch fleet lying in the
Texel furrendei J to them, for the fer-
vice of^be pr^pee of Orange ; but the
Englifll abandoned the fort in Novem-
•ber foUoX^'ing. It is fituate on the Nv(r
point bf the province, oppofite th% W
end of Texel ifland, 24 milesi a of Alc-
4riaer. Lon. 4 34 e, lat. 53 o N. '
• Helena, St. an ifland in the Atlantifc
'ocean,' ay miles in circuit, belonging to
the,Englilh E India company. It He^
between the continents of Africa And S
America, about laoo mileS w of the
fomnier, and .1806 e of the latter; and
Was difcovefed by the Portuguese, in
150a, on St. Helena^ay. Affeiward,
the Dutch were in pofleflloti of it till
t6oo, when they were expelled byth*
HDglifli. In 1673, t^ Dtttch^retQok It
U
H E L
by furprife; but it wus foon after re-
conrercd' It has fome high mountains,
particularly one called Diana Pealc, ,
which is covered with wood to the vcrv
top. There are other hills alfo, which
hur evident marks of a volcanic origin ;
and fome have huge rocks of lava and a
kind of half vitrined flags. The chief
inconvenience to which the illand is
AibjeA, is want of rain ; however, it is
far from being barren, the interior
▼alleys, and little hills, being covered
with verdure, and interfperfcd with
gardens, orchards, and various planta-
tions. There are alfo many paftures,
furrounded by inclofures of (tone, and
filhid with a nn«i breed of fmall cattle,
and with Englifli Iheep; goats and
poultry are likewife numerous. The
inhabitants do not exceed 3000, include
ing near too foldiers, and 1600 blacks,
who are fupplied with corn and manu-
fa^nres by tne company's fhips in re-
turn fbr refrefhments. The town,
called James-town, is fmall, fituate at
the bottom of a bay on the s fide of the
ifland, between two deep drearv moun-
tains; and is VreU defended by forts
and batteries. Lon.' 5 49 w, lat. 15 55 s.
HeleiUt St. a village in Hamplhire,
at ttte E end of the ifle of Wight, two
mile* R« of Brading. It has a bay or
road of confiderable note as a rendez-
vous for ihips that arc outward bound
and kept back by wefterly winds.
Heitnst St. a village in Lancaftiire,
three miles ne of Prelcot. In and near
it are a variety of manufadlures ; par-
ticularly an extenfive copper work, and
a ftill larger one, at Ravenhead, for
calling plate-glafs. The Sankey canal
begins at the coal mines here, and takes
a circuitous courfe by Newton to the
Mf^rfey, below Warrington.
Ji^ier, St. the capital of the if ..«« of
Jerfcy, feated on the bay of St. Aubin,
with a harbour, and a ftone pier. The
inhabitants are compu^ to be 2009,
and have manufactures of woollen
ftockings and caps. At the top of the
maricet-place ii the ftatue of Oeorge
i 1 1 and in the church, yrhere prayers
we read alternately in Englilb and
French, is n monument to the memory
of major Pierfon, who fell here in the
moment of viAory. I^cn. a 10 w, lat.
49 1 1 N. See Jtrtty.
Htl'ttt, St. a Httle ifland, near tii?
town of the fame name, in the bay of
St. Aubin, on the s fide of Jferfey. h
took its name from £leriu8, or Heli«r, a
liig^y man who lived in this ifland, and
wm.flain by the pagan Normans. His
cffib.yrtth the ftone bed, is ftill fliown
H E L
among the rocka ; and in memory of
him a noble abbey was founded bcic
On thi; fite of this abbey now ftandj
Elil'abeth caftle, the refidence of the
governor and garrifon of Jerfey. ]t
occupies the whole ifland. which is near
a mile in circuit, and is iurroandcd by
the fea at every half flood ; and hencf,
at low water, is a paflage to the town
of St. Helier, called the Bridge, half a
mile long, formed of fand and ftoncs.
Utlio^Usi or Matertoy a village of
Egypt, four miles ene of Cairo, whm-
the French gained a dccifive viAory
over the Tui^s in i8oo. Here it a ce-
lebrated fpring of frefli water, faid tn
be the only one in Egypt; and, accord.
Ing ro tradition, the Holy Family cami-
here on their flight from Herud, and
bathed the child Jefus in this fountain
Hellehy a town of Afiatic Turkey, in
jfrak Arabi, fltuate on both fidei of tlic
Euphrates, with a bridge of communi-
cation. It is fuppofed to ftand on the
lite of the ancient Babylon. The fur.
rounding gardens are 10 covered with
fruit trees, particularly palms, that the
town appears as if feated in a wood.
It is 72 miles s by E of Bagdad. Lon.
45 5 E, lat. 32 25 M.
Jlel/gatg, a ilrait near the w end of
Long Ifland found, eight mileg e of
New York. It is narrow and crooked,
with' a bed of rocks extending quite
acrofs ; but, at proper times of the
tide, fliips of any burden may paA
through this ftrait.
Ueimmhausettt a town of Germany,
in Lower Hefle, on the river Diemel, :o
miles N ofCaflel.
Helmontt a town of Dut^h Brabant,
with a ftrong caftle, feated on the Aa,
1 7 miles SB of Bois le Due.
Helmsdt(Ut a river of Scotland, which
ilfues from fevcr;il mountain-lakei in
Sutherlandihire, ana rolls over its rocky
bottom to the Ord of Caithnefi. At
its mouth in the German ocean it a
good falmon fifliery.
Ittlmtley, a town in N Yorkihire,
with a market on Saturday. It has the
remains of a cafth, and is feated on the
Rye, %o miles v >, f Yc/k, and 318 n b/
w of London.
Helmttatltt a town of Lower Saxony,
in the duchy of Brunfwick, with a uui*
verfity, as miles MR of Brunfwick.
Helsingburgt a feaport of Sweden, in
Schonen, feated on the Sound, nearly
oppofite Flftnore. Here is a ferry acrofi
the Sound to Denmark, and it has ma*
nnfa^res of ribands, hats, and booti>
It is Ave miles ns of £lflnOre,aod ji
Hw of Lund. Lo9« la 40 £, lat. 563 d-
In memory of
founded hen.
By now (land,
ridence of the
of Jerfcy. h
1, which Is near
furrounded by
)d; andhencf,
ge to the town
Bridge, half a
i and ftones.
»» a village of
[)f Cairo, when-
dccifive viAory
. Here it a ce-
1 watw, faid to
It ; and, accord-
•ly Family came
Dm Herod, and
in this fountain.
iattc Turkey, in
loth fides of the
ge of communi-
to ftand on the
ylon. The fur-
lb covered with
' palms, that the
jted in a wood,
' Bagdad. Lon.
ar the w end of
ight miles e uf
}w and crooked,
extending quite
r times of the
rden may paf;
n of Germany,
It^verDiemel, :o
iDut&h Brabant,
kted on the Aa,
>uc.
I Scotland, which
mntainOaket in
Ilia over its rocky
Caithneft. At
tan ocean ii a
N Yorkfliire,
lay. It has the
lisfeatedoDihe
c, and 318 N by
j Lower Saxony,
|ick, with a uni*
jrunrwick.
; of Sweden, in
Sound, nearly
lisafcrryacroft
1 and it has ma^
iit«, and booti.
Ilfinore, and 31
E,Iat.i63R'
r
HEN
Htlilfifcrh a fcaport of Sweden, in
ftnland, and the chief town in the pro-
tinoe of >Iylartd- It hai a commo-
dious harbour in the gitlf of Finland,
, and an immenfe fortrefs. It is 1 10 miles
' kit of Abo. Lon. aj 6 e, lat. 6q 10 v.
tUiiitjfiaiOV llehingland^ a province
of Sweden, in Nordland» aie miles in
length, bbtvveen Dalecarliaand the guU
of Bothnia* an«* f™"^ 5o «*> 8« »"
breadth, it has cxtenfiTe furefts and
many iron mines. The chief articles
of trade are iron* flax, linen, tallow,
butttT, tar, deal, and timber. The
principal town is Hudwickfwald.
lleUm, a borough in Cornwall, go-
vemed by a mayor, with a market on
Monday. It ftands on the river Loe,
near its entrance into Mount bay, and
iioneof the towns appointed for the
coinage of tin. A little below it is a
harbour, where veflels take in their
lading. It is 1 1 m 'les s w of Falmouth,
and 274 w by s of London. Lon. 5 15
E, lat. 50 I !»•
Helvetia. See SwUserland.
UehoetilttifSt a.ftrong feaport of 8
Holland, on the ifland uf Voorn. Here
lime of the Dutch men of war are laid
up in ordinary} and it was lately the
general port for the Englilh packets
from Harwich. It furrendered to the
l-rench in 1795; and is feven miles s by
w of Briel. Lon. 40 £, lat. 51 ^a n*
llemmendorf, a town of Lower Sax-
ony, in the duchy of Brunfwick, fituate
on the Saale, la miles e of Hamelin.
iUmpstedy or Hemel Hempstedt a cor-
porate town in Uertfordihire, with a
market on Tburfday, feated among
hills, oa the river Qade, 18 miles w of
Heitford, and 23 nw of London.
Hems, a citjr "of Syria, Airrounded by
«ails three miles in circuit ; but the
ptefent buildings only take up about a
quarter of the area in the nw quarter.
I To the s of the town is d large ruined
caftle. on a high round mount, faced
with done. It is feated on a fm^ river,
which runs into the Orontes, 95 miles s
i of Aleppo. Lon. ^f 20 £, lat. 34 25 n.
Heng-tchetiu, a City of China, of the
I tirilrank, in the province of Hou-quau^.
The chief manufacture is paper. It is
itatedon the river Heng, 840 miles ssw
I «f Peking. Lon. in 40 e, lat. 2630 if.
Ueniei/t a town in Oxfordfhire, go-
I v;rned by .1 mayor, with a market on
Wednefday, Friday, and Saturday.
The church a large ancient building,
but the houfes are modern and the
|:lreets fpacious. The principal trade
h'iin com, flour, malt, and beech wood.
Ik is feated on the Thames, over which
HER
is a (lone brtdff, 24 miles •? of Oxford
and 35 w of London.
llt^nUift or lUnlty In Ardtn%- x tvwii
in WarwickOiire, with a market on
Tqefday, featt-d on the AIne, 1 j diUoi
8 by K of Birmingham, and lot wnvT
of London.
iUnneber}(t a town of Upper Sixony,
in a County* of the I'nme name. Some
ruins of the caftle of its ancient counts
are yet to be feun; It is four mile* ssw
of Meinungen.
Ilemebont a town of France, in the
department of Morbi^an, with a great
trade in com, iron, honey, 5cc. It is
feated on the Blavet, 22 miles nw of
VanDcs.
llmrichemenu a to\vn of France, 1-
the department of Cher, feated on '
Saudre, 15 miles kitb of Bourgif s.
Uenrift Captt the » cap^ of Viirginia,
at the entrance of Chefapeak bay; Lon.
764 w, lat 36 56 N.
Htp
eppenheim, a toivn of Germany, in
the circle of Lower Rhine, fituate on
the Eiibach, i a miles k of Heidelberg.
Herakll. See Erekli.
Ileratt a city of Pcrlia, in Chorafan^
of which it was formerly the capital.
.The neighbouring country produces
excellent fruit; and rofesare in fuch
plenty, that it is called Sui^ultzar, or
the City of Rofes. It is (ituale on A
river of the faitie name, 160 miles SE of
Mcfched. Lon. 61 50 £, lat. 34 30 k.
HerauUy a department of France, To
named from a river which runs into the *
ifulf of Lyon. It includes part of the
ate province of Langucdoc) and the
capital is Montpellier.
Herbemont, a town of, thft Nether-
lands, in Luxemburg, with a caftle on a
mountain, near the river Semoy, three
miles WNw of Chiny.
llerbornt a town of Germany, in the
circle of Upper Rhine, with a celebrated
Calviniit academy, and manufaAures of
iron ; feated oi^ the Dille, eight tai\e%
SSE of Dillenburg.
Uenulareum, an ancient city of Na- ,
pies, totally overwhelmed by an erup-
tion of Mount Vetuvius, iii the begin-
ning of the reign of empersr Titiis* In
1689 and i7ii,fomt'thing of this city
was difcovered; and from 173810 the
prefient time, relearches being frequent*
y made by digging, a great number of
manufcripts, paintings, ftatues, tufts,
domellic utenliis, itiflruments of huf-
bandiy,&c.havMbeen found. Thevillaj^e
of Portici now ftands on part of its fite. •
Hereford, the capital of Hereford-
fliire, and a bifhop's fee, with a market
on Wednefdav, Friday, and Saturday.
V 2
M E R
The city is governed by a mayor, and
it»' chief manufacture is gloves. . The
cnftle, part of the. walls, and three of
the fix gati-9 are doftroycd. It has four
churchoR beiide the cathedral-, feveral
meeting- boufea for diUcntern, and a
frcefchool endowed with fome exhibi-
tions at e.ich of the univcrfities. In 1786,
the w tower of thf cathedral fell down,
but it has been ri.'biiilt. The city is
in poneraJwell built, and the number of
inhabitants in i8oi wa8 6Sa8. It isfcat-
ed on the Wye, over which is An an-
cient ftonc bridge, 24 miles wsw of
Worccfter, and 1.^5 wxw of London.
Lon. a 35 w, iat. 5a 4 n.
Herefordshire, a cor. ty of England,
46 miles long and 35 broad ; bounded
on the R by Gloucefterfhire and Wor-
ccfterfhire, n by Shropfliirc, w by Rad-
northire and Brecknockfliire, and s by
Monmouthihire. It contains 600,000
acres, is divided into 1 1 hundreds, and
aai parifties; has one city and (even
market-towns; and fends eight members
to parliament. The number of inhabi-
tants in 1801 was 89,191- The foil is
exceedingly rich, producing excellent
corn, hops, and frmt, a* is evident from
the Leominftcr bread, Weobly ale,
and Hcrefordfhire cider. The apples
producing the cider grow in greater
abundance he.-e than in any other
county, being plentiful even in the
hedge-rows. The cattle of Hereford-
Ihire are deemed the fuperior breed in
' this ifland. The iheep are fmall, af-
fording a fine filky wool. The princi-
pal rivers are the Wye, Munnow, and
Lug.
Herent/ials, a town of the Nether-
lands, in Brabant, on the river Nethe,.
20 miles ne of Louvain.
Herford, or Herforden, a town of
"VVeftphatia, in the county of Ravenf-
berg, with a nunnery, belonging to the
proteilantft of ihc confession of A\igf.
burg. It has a trade yi ale and lineti,
and is feated on the Werra, at the in-
flux of the Aa, 2c miles sw of Min-
den.
Heriy an ifland in the Indian ocean,
two miles nnw of Ternate. It is not
more than two miles in circumference,
but very fertile and well inhabited.
Hericaur, a town of France, in the
department of Upper Saone, 11 miles
8E of Lure, and 23 E of Vefoul.
Herisau, a town of Swiflerland, in
the canton of Appenzel, with manufac-
tures of fine linen and muflin, i a miles
WW of Appenzel.
Heristaly a town of t!ie Netherlands^
ia.the temtory of Liege, with a caftlc,
feated on 'the Meufe, three inilt« n^
LicKC.
Heritiru, a tot»n of IlindooftAn, in
Myfore, fcited on the Vedawati, «
miles wNw of Sera.
Herk, a town of the Kctherlamli, jti
the teiTitory of Liege, on a rivtrof the
fame name, near its confluence with
the Dcmer, two miles w of Maeftricht.
Herkemer, a town of N«w York|
chief of a county of the fame name'
fituate on the n fldeof Mohawk river
ao miles se of Whitcftbwn, and 8d
WNW of Albany.
Htrnmnstadt, a ftrong city, 'capital
of Tranfylvania, and abifhop's fee. it
has a large church, built by Mum
Therefa, with a globe and (lecple rot
eafily defcribed. In the great fijuare ij
the houfe of the jjovernor, in the bell
Germaft flyle, containing many gooj
pictures. It is feated on the Cebtn,
a!)« miles ese of Buda. Lon. 24 5^ 1,
Iat. 45 43 N.
Hermbacliy a town of France, in the
department of Uoer, lately of Ger-
many, in the duchy of Juliers, 17 miles
s of Juliers.
Hermstadtf a town of Silcfiil, in
the principality of Wolan, on tiie
river iiartch, 10 miles nw of Traclien.
berg.
. fferngrvnd, a town of Upper Hun-
gary, feated amoi^g mountains, with
rich mirte«'of copper, a8 mile* N by e
of Schemtiitz.
Hemhttthi a village in Lufatia, h
miles NNW of Zittau. It was fbundeJ
in 1722, hy fome perfecuted Moravian
brethrcr. m the fields belonging to
count Zinzendorf, who tht7 confidereJ
as their bifhop and father; and thej
were for fome time called Hernhulhers,
as this place continued their principal
hurfery.
Hfmosandy a feaport of Sweden, in
An^rmania, fituate on an ifland in
the gulf of Bothnia, which is joined to
the cWntinent by a bridge. It was for-
merly a ftaple toXvn, and has ftill a
confitJerable trad<e in fincn. In 17 10,
1714, and i/ai, it was burned by the
Ruffians. It is 240 miles n by w of
Stockholm. Lon. 17 53 B, Iat. 6i
Heroldsberg, a town of Franconia, m
the territory of Nurembei^, seven mil«
NNE of Nuremberg.
Herriedent a town of Franconia, in
the principality of Aichftat, with n col-
legiate church, fituate on the Altmubi,
five miles sw of Anfpach.
flerstruck, a town of Franconia, in
the territory of Nuremberg, noted W
HER
nteeWtn^ hop* and ftrong \vcr. It is
ftntcd on the Ptegnitx, i6 mlUia c of
Nuremberg. r ^t o i-
lUrtjford, a town of N Carolina,
chief of Gates county, on the w llde of
the Pcrquitnons, a water of Albermarlft
feuml, lU miles kne of Edcnton, and
a8Est afWynton.
Hertfortl, or J/art/ord, n borough
and the capital of Hertfordfliin?, with
3 market on Saturday. It is feattfd on
the Lea, which is navigable for barges,
98 it was once for fliips. In 879, the
Danes citded two forts hercj for the
fecurity of their Ihips; but Alfred turn-
ed the courfe of the ri»fr, fo that their
velTels were left ondryground. Edward,
the eldeft fon of Alfred, built a caftle
here, which has been often a royal re-
fidence. The town is governed by a
mayor, and had formerly five churches,
but now only two- Here is a fine hof-
pital belonging to Chrifl's hofpital in
London; alfo a noble ftiire hall, and a
krge county gaol. About a mile to
Ike E is a bafin of water called Chad-
well, which is the head fpring of the
New River. Hertford is ai miles n
of London. Lon. o i e, lat. 51 50 x.
HertJbrMire, a county of England,
16 miles Ion" iiid z6 broad ; bounded
un the yw by Betifoi dlhire, n by Cam-
bridgeftire, b by Effi-x, s by Middle;ex,
and w by Buckinghamfhire. It con-
tains 302,080 acres; is divided into
eight hundreds, and 170 parillies, has
19 market-towns ; and fends fix mem-
bers to parliament. The number of
inhabitants in 1801 was 97,577' The
HEY
and cloths; frated on the Elfttfr, 14
miles NNE of Torgau.
Herw, a town of the Netherlands,
in the duchy of Limburg, nine niikt
WNW of Limburg.
lierzgovina, a fortified town of Tuf-
kilh Dalmatia, cipital of a duchy of the
fame name, and the refidencc or a Tur-
ki<h governor. It is 80 .miles flsw of
Belgrade.
JIiuHn, a ftronp town of France, in
the department of Pas de Calais, feat-
ed on tlie Oanche, is miles se of Mon-
trcuil-
Hejsc, a country of Germany, in the
circle of Upper Rhine; bounded on
the N by the principality of Paderbom
and duchy of Brunfwick, e by Thu-
rinpia, s by Fijlda and Wettcravia, and
w by the Wefterwald, the duchy of
Weftphalia, and county of Waldeck.
It is divided into Upper and Lower
Hefle ; the latter, which is the northern
part, lies on the rivers Wcrra, Fulda,
Schwalm, Diemel, and Wefer, and is
fubjcift to HefTe-Caflcl ; and the former,
or fouthern part, lies on the Lnhn, and
, belongs principally to Hefle-Darmftadt.
Thefe are the two principal branches
of the houfe of Hefle, and tiach of them
has the title of landgrave. ' This coun-
try is funounded by woods .ind moun-
tains, in which are mines of iron 'and
copper. In the middle are fine plains,
fertile in corYi and paftures; and there
is plenty of honey and all forts of fruit.
Hops are likewife cultivated, which
ferve to make excellent beer; and
birch-trees are very common, from the
N part is hilly, forming a fcattered part fap of which a Seal of wine is made
of the chalky ridge which extends
SCTofs the kingdom in this direvJlion.
A number of clear ftreams take their
rife from this fide. Flint ftones are
fcattered in great profufion over the
fice of this county ; and beds of chalk
are frequently to be met with. The
foil, however, with the aid of proper
culture, is favorable to wheat and bar-
ley, which come to as great perfeilion
hne as in any part of the kingdom.
The w part is, in gen<'ral, a tolerable
rich foil, and under excellent cultiva-
tion. The principal rivers are, the
Lea, Stort, and Coin, and the artificial
one called the New River.
llertzberg, a town of Lower Saxony,
in the principality of Grubenhagen,
with manufactures of arms and iron
tools; feated near the Kartz mountain,
17 miles ssw of Goflar.
Ilernberg, a town of the duchy of
Saxony, with a trade in faltpctre, wool,
Het/keluiit, or HoekeJtin, a town of S
Holland, feated on the i^inghe, five
miles NE of Gorcum.
Hetisden, a ftrong town of S Holland,
feated on the Meufe, with a cattle- It
was taken by the French, in 179c ; and
is eight miles vw of Rois le Due
Iiexham,itoyfn in Northumberland,
with a market on Tuefday, and a trade
in tanned leather, fhoes, and gloves. It
had formerly a famous abbey, fome
parts of which yet remain. Near this
place, in 1463, was fought a battle, be-
tween the houfos of York and Lan-
cafter, in which the latter was defeated.
Hexham is feated on the river Tyne, as
miles w of Newcaftle, and 385 nnw of
London.
Heydenhehriy a town of Suabia, in the
duchy of Wirtemburg, with. a cattle,
on the river Brenz, 16 ihiles kne of
Ulm. ,
Heyd'ingsfild, a town of Franconia,
•Wvrf*
HI O
rtR tlui river M9in*!i three initci % of
Wurtzburg.
Heymettjefi, a town of Frincc, in
the wpiirtmcf^t of R»er, lately of Ocr-
manyi in tiie elcAorate of Cologiiu;
fituate on the Erfft* 1 1 m'Hv s qf Co-
logne.
Iltyttsburif, a borough in \Vitt:(hir«i
which hat now no n)arlict, fcated on
the Willy, so milei wnw of ^^Uibury,
^nd 92 ^ by 8 pf London.
IVtamen. See Emcuj/.
tUJet^hetmt a town pf France, in the
department of Sarre, litely of Germany,
in the el(:iAorate of Treves. It has a
fortified paflle and convent, and is feat*
{;d on the Eiftcl, 38 miles n of Treves.
JIUrei, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Var, featcd near the *»^ledi-
terranean fea; bnt its harbour being
choaked up, it is now much decayed.
It is f 2 miles r. of Toulon.
Hierest a clufter of idands in the Me-
ditcrranigan, on the co;ifl: of France, opr
pofite tht; tqwn of Hieres. The four
Principal ones are called Porquerollos,
'orteros, B<igueau, and Titan, which
laft is the br^eft. Botween (hpfe iflands
and the contment is the roa^ pf Hieres,
which is so capacious and excellent
that it has aflforded flielter fqr jaigc
fquadrons. It is defended by tbreti
^orts.
tptrat- See Ferro.
Jliesmtft 4 tovyp of France, in the
department pf Orpe, fcated on a barren
^ount<^iil, )Q Diil^s frqffx Seez, and 90
w of Paris.
Higham Ferrers , a l)o,-ough }n Korth-
amptoniliirf, governed by a piayor,
with a market on Saturday, {t had
formerly a caftle. hoyf in ruins; and js
feated on an afcent, on the river Nep,
25 miles E8E of Coyentj-y, apd 65 nnw
of I-ondoq.
Jlig/igatti, a village in R^iddlefex,
feated on a hill, four mjles N {ly w of
London, tiere lord chief l^aron Chol-
tnondely built a freefchool' in 1562,
which wait t;nlarged, in ij^o, by
Sandys, hinii>p of lon^Ion, who alfo
added a cnapel.
Mighiworth, a tovyn jn Wiltthire, go-
verned by a mayor, )vi(]i a marki;t un
Wednefdayr; feated qn a hill, in a rich
plain, 36 miles n of S4li{l>ury, and 77 w
of London.
Higuetft a city on thp K part of the
ifland of St. Domingo, formerly oT
iome importance, but now greatly de-
cayed. I^ is ntnate near the mouth pf
a river, 90 miles e by n of St. Dq.
H I N ^
UilhurghauttHt a town of .D|Mf^
Saxony, in tbe principality of Coburr,
It is iubjedl to the duke of Saxe-Hili
burgbaufiin, who haa a palace here, and
featddoB the Wenra, 18 miles nmw uf
CohMnr.
JiUj/i/ieimt a clt^ of Lowtr Saxony,
capital of a priiicinality of the fame
namf . It w;l8 lately an imperial city,
and a bifliop's fee. It is divided into
the old and new town, and feated on
the Irnelte, 17 miles sue of Hanovti.
Lon. 103 K, lat. ji 9 N.
Hihionpugh, an Inland iWttriii of N
Carolina, comprehending the counties
of Granville, Ptarfon, C'afwell. Orange,
Wake, Chatham, and Randolph.
IlUsborough, a town of N Carolion,
in Orange county, capital of the dil-
Xr.& of its name. It (lands on the k
fide of the £no, which unites with the
Little and Flat River, and forms the
Neus, 17 miles below the town. Itig
35 miles Nw of Raleght Lon. 79 i^ w,
lat. 36 2 M.
Ilihborougk, a borough of Ireland, in
tbe county of Down, with a manufac.
ture of muflins. It is 16 miles nw 01
Down, nnd 20 sw of Belfaft.
Ilimmaleh, a chain of mountaioi in
Afia, which extends from Cabul along
the If of Uindooftan, and is the general
l)0undary of Tibet, through the whole
extent from the Ganges to the river
Teda; inclofmg betv^een it and Uin-
dooftan, a Ui& of country from 100 to
180 miles in breadth, divideti into a
number of fmaU ilates, which are un-
derftood to be either ' tributaries or
feudatories of Tibet ; fdch as Siriiiagur,
Napaul, &c. Tliis ridge is precifely
that deligned by the ancients, under
the names of Imaus And the Indian
Caucafus. The natives call it Hindop-
ko (the Indian mountains) as well as
Himmaleh: which l.iit is a Sanfcrit
wor^i, flgnifying tnowy ; its fummit
being covered with snow.
Hinchinbrook lile^ one of the New
Hebrides, in the Pacific ocean. Lon.
168 38 E, lat. 17 25 s.
Jlincileu, a town in Lcicefterfliire,
governed by a mayor, with a marki-t on
Monday. It has a large church, with
H lofty fpire ; a^td had formerly a caftle
and walls, traces of which are flill to be
fpen. Here is a confiderable manufac-
ture of common ftockings. It is frateil
on an eminence, 1 2 miles sw of Leicef-
ter, and 99 Kt^w of London.
Ifindelopen, a town of Holland, in
Friefland, feated . on the Zuider ^ce^
:}! miles ssw ()f Itiiwitdin-
H I N
//iW/Vtt a town of Hindoo(l<in, cap!*
tal of a country of the fame name,
jg Candiiih • lituate on the Nerbuddn,
90 miles NNK sf Durbaropour. Lon.
y, 10 t, lat. a» 35 ^' , ^, .
IlinhfrH, Caf-t, a cape of N Ame-
rica, un the » Hdc of the mouth of the
Delaware. Lon. 73 a w, lat. 38
47
N.
///Wfl», a borough in Wiltflilre, with
a mark«t on Thurfday, ao miles w cf
Salilbury, and 97 w by s of London.
Ilindoo-io- See llimmaUh.
Uinioosttint otIndia% a region of AAn*
which comprifei all the countries be-
ttritn the mountains of Tartary and
Tibet on the n, Bootan, Airam, and the
bay of Bengal on the e, the Indian
a:ean on the >• and the fame ocean
jpd Ptrfia on the w. But this country
mud be coniidered under the three
grand divifions of Hindooftan Proper,
the Oeccau, and the Peninfuta- Hin-
(iooAan proper includes the provinces
uf Bengal, 3ahar, and all thuie that lie
tu the north of the river Nerbudda; the
principal of which are Agimere, Agra,
Ailahiibad, CaJhmere, Delhi, Guzerat,
I^ihure, Malwa, Moultan, Oude, Ko*
hiicuiiil, Sindy. The Deccan has been
extended to the whole region s of
IJin^ooiUn Proper ; but in its mod
reftrUted fenfe, it means only the coun-
tries lituate between Hindooftan Pro-
ptY and the river Kiftna ; thcfe are Can-
deilb, Dowlatabad, Berar, Oritra, the
Circars, the chief part pf Colconda, Vi>
liapour, and Concao. The traA » of
thefe, or the river |Sliftnj|, is generally
uiled the PenipfuU; although its form
^oes not aut))oriae that appellation :
it includes a imall part of Golconda,
.Myfprf»andtheCarnatic, with Madura,
aDdotheffmaller diftrids; the w coaft
being called that of Malabar, and the k
that of Coromandel. The principal
rivm of this extenfive region are the
Ganges, Burrampooter, Indus, Juinm^,
Pudda, Nerbudda, Tapty. Codaye^y,
Kiftna, Pennar, ^nd Cauverv. The chief
mountains are thofe of ^immaleh and
the Gauis. To give an idea of the
mudtirn r.'volutions in the empire of
Hindooftan, it is proper to obrerve»that
from a pqre Hindpo governrpept, it be-
became, at lal^, a Mahometan ftatp, and
continued to h? fo, under various dy-
naftiei, till the beginning of the i8th
antury. The firft i)Tuptipn of tho
Mahometans 'vvas ii^ the year iooq«
From this period the provinces of Hinv
dooftan were held rather as tributary
Icingdoms, than as provinces of tl\Q
f^m( em|>ire; and tbe conqueft of the
HI N
Deccan, in particular, wai for afet an
objedl of conliderable importance to the
emperors. la 1389. the Monj^ul Tar-
tars, under the conduA of Timur, or
Tamerlane, invaded Hindooftan; but
the conqueft of the country ytHi not ef-
feAed till 1525, by fultan Baber, one of
his dcfcendants, who, from thiscircum-
ftance, Was the founder of the Mongul
dynafty; and hence Hindooftan has
been called the Mongul Empire, and iia
chic^ the Grert Mogul. The illuf.
trious Acbar, ^is fon, failed in his at-
tack upon the Deccan ; an attempt in
which many of his fucceflbrs were equal*
ly unfortunate, and which tended, in
the feauel, to the decline and diflblu«
tion or the empire. In 161 «, emperor
Jehanguire. his fon, received nr Thomas
Roe, as the firft Englifli ambaflador;
and the Portuguele had, by this time*,
acquired conliderable fettlements in
Bengal and Guzerat. In the reign of
his grandfon Aurungocbe, which lafted
from 1660 to 1709, the empire attained
its full extent ; his authority reached
from 10 to aj degrees in lat. and nearly
as much in Ton. and I ^ revenue exceed-
ed 32,ooo,ooq1. fterling. But in the
courfe of 50 years after his death, a fuc-
culfion of weak princes and wicked mi-
nifters reduced this aftonlihipg empire
to very narrow limits, and deprived it
of all Its power and fplendor. In oon*
fequence of the intrigues of the nigam
of the Deccan, Nadir Shah, the Perfian
ufurper, invaded Hindooftan in 1738.
The weak emperor, Mahomed Shah,
threw himfelf on the clemency of the
invader, who entered Delhi, and de-
manded thirty mUliona fterling by way
of ranfom. Nadir, afterward, evacuat-,
(;d Delhi, and left the nizam in poflcf-
lion of the whole remaining power of
the empire, which he iacrificed to his
own views in thf? Deccan, where he
cftabliflied an independent kingdom.
Mahomed Shah died in 1747, having
feen the Carnatic and Bengal become
likewife independent, under their re-
fpe^ive nabobs; an independent ftate
too formed by the Rohillas (a tribe ft-om .
the mountains between India and Perfia)
on the E of the Ganges, within 80 miles •
of Delhi; and the kingdom of Can-
dfthar ereded by Ahdalla, one of the
generals of Nadir ghah. Ahmed Shah,
the fon of Mahpmed, Aicceeded; in
whole reign the entire divifion of the
empire took place ; nothing remaining
to the houfe of Tamerlane but ^he city
and fmall territory of Delhi. The IxH
imperial army was defeated by the Ho-
hillas, in 1749. The Jataj a HindQ^
IFI N
tnbe» ftiuhdcd a ftate in Agra; Oude
wall feised tiy Mahomed KooVi ; and
t^iL iMahrattas, beiidc tbcir ancient
dttnaina in the Becxtan, obtained great
part of Malwa, Guzervit, Berar, and
Orvffit. The IVJ ongul empire was now
become merely nomithil; and th«empe-
rossk from thispayiod, miift be regarded
aa of no political conrequence^. other-
wife than as their names and perfons
were' made ufe of, by difTerent par-
ties, to promote their own views i for*
the. name and perfon of the emperor:
retains a coniiderable degree of venera-
tion among the bulk of the people in
Utndooftan. Ahmedrv.-as depofe<! in
1-753. M<1 lii^ fucccifor was depofeu
andi murdered in i?^.' He wa? fuc-
ceededii howevo-, by his fon Shah Ah-
]nn>, who was alternately dependent
<x> the contending powers, ^nd more
partictilarly upor\ the Engliih, who
6bt»ned from him a grant of the
provinces of Bengnl, Bahar, Oriffa,
and the Circas»' This piince died in'
Ij8a6t and yis-is fucceeded by his fecond
fon, Aclcber Shah. Hindooftan now
conftfta of five principal ftatesi which
hold as tnbutariesj'Ot' feudatories, feme
mtmei»us inferior 'ftates- Thefe five
Aates are, the Britilh, the Poonah
Mahrattas, the Berar Mahrattas, the
idzam of the Deccnn^ and the Sieks:
feiv whatever verbal diftindtions may be
jBadcy a cdmpuliive alliance is at leaft a
dependent, if not a tributary fituation.
The British pofleinons are Bengal,
Babar, Benares, the Circars, the Jaghire,
Bombay, Salfette, the diftri«5t of Mid-
n^wu'r in Orlfl'a, and fome others in
Myfore. The allieaoftht Britifli, who
may' be ronfifiered as dependent upon
them, are the nabobs of Oude and the
Carnatic, and the rajahs of Myfore,
Travartpore, an^ Tanjore. For the
other principal ilatcs, iee their refpec-
tive names ; and for an account of
fome inferior independent ftates, fee
Bundelcimd, Balfogiftan, Jats, Rohil-
cund. Sec. Th<; inhabitants of Hindoe-
ftan are computed at about io,oo:>,ooo
Mahometans, and ioo>ooo,ooo Ilin-
d»OB. llie Mahometans,,, or MulTuI-
Intans, whom the Englifti impropfrly
call Moors, are rcprefented to be of a
deteftable charafter. The Hindoos, or
Oentoosi are of a black complexion ;
their hair is loiig* their perfon ftraight
and elegant, and their countenance
open and pleafant. • 'J^hey differ nfia-
terially from all other nations, by being
divtd«l into tribe or cafts. The four
principal tribes are the Bramins, Sol-
diery Labourers^ and Mecbanios j and
H I N
tbcfe. are fubdivided into a multiplidt.
of inferior dittintftiona. There a»
Bramins of various degrees of- excel-
lence* who have the oare of religion
allotted to them, and are held lacced
by the reft j fome of thef^acknowltdgt
the errors that have crept into their
religion, own one Supreme Being, and
laugh at the idolatry of the multitude
but JMQft upon the neceffity of working
upon the weaknefles ofi the vulgar;
yet. the generality of them are as jgl.
norant as the laity. Such as are not
engaged in woridly purfnits are a very
/ fuperftitious, innocent people, who
promote charity as much as they can,
both to man and beafb : but thofe who
engage in the world are generally the
worft of all the Gentoos f for, per.
fiiaded that the waters of the Gangcj
will purify them from their fins, and
being exempt from the utmoft rigour
of the courts of jtiftice (under the
Gentoo governments) they run into
much greater excefles. The Soldiers
are commonly called Rajah-poots;
that is,, defcendtd from rajahs. They
axe much more robult than ihc reft,
have a great fh are of courage, and a
nice fenfe of military honour, which
confiftsi among them, in fidelity to
thofe they ferve. Fighting is their pro.
feffjon; they readily enter into the fer-
vice of any that will pay them, and
will follow whenever he leads; but,
fbould their leader fall in the battle,
their caufe is at an end, and they run
off the field, without any ftain of theip
reputation. The Englilh E India Com-
pany have many battalions of them in
their fervice : they are called Sepoy?,
and are clothed and difciplined in the
European manner. The Labourers In-
ciudw farmers, and ail who cultivate
the land. The Mechanics include
merchants, bankers, and all who follow
any trade : tbefe again are fubdivided
into each profeflion. Befide tfiefe, are
the Hallachores, who cannot be called
a tribe, being rather the refufe of all
the tribes. They are a let of unhappy
wretches, who perform all the viltft
ofp'-es of life, bury the dead, and carry
away every thing that is polluted. All
the difTerent tribes are kept diflin(!t
from each other by infurmountable
barriers : they are forbidden to inter-
marry, to cohabit, to eat with each
other, or even to drink out of the fame
velTel with one of another tribe. Every
deviation from thefe points fubjedls
them to be rejeded by their tiibe,
renders them polluted for ever, and
obliges them, from that inftant, to herd
H IN
with the Hallachores. The mcmUefs,
of eacli caft adhere invariably to- the
nrofc'flion of their forefathers v from
Lneration to generation the fame- fa-
wilies have followed, and ftill continue
to follow, one uniform manner of life.
To this may be afcrib<«i that high de-
itee of pcrfedlion confpicuous in manv
of the Indian manufa<Siire8 ; and alfo
that ftriking peculiarity in the llate;of
Hindooftan, the permanence of itc In-
jjitutims, and the immutability in the
manners of the inhabitants. Hence it
j, that the Hindoos admit" no converts,
nor are themfelvcs evt-r converted,
whatever tlie Roman miflionaries may
pretend. 'I'hit Hallachores may be
bet« excepted, who are glad to be ad-
mitted into any fociety where they
are treated as fellow creatures. The
Hindoos vie. with the Chineie, in re-
fpefttothe antiquity of their nation;
and the dodlrine of tranfinigratibn ia
ont ftheir diftinguifliingtcntts. Their
inilitutions of religion form a complete
fyftem of fiiperftition, upheld by every
thing which can excite the reverence of
the people. The temples confecrated,
to theit deities are magnificent; their
religious ceremonies fplendid ; and the
abfolute dominion which the Bramins
have obtained over the minds of the
peopl'^ is fupported by the command of
the immenfe revenues, with which the
liberality of princes, and tiio ze.-.l of
pilgrims anJ devc^vecs have enrichtxl
their pagodas. The dominion of re-
ligion extends to a thoufaud piuticnlars,
wliich, in other countries, an' governed
by the civil laws, or by tafte, ciiftom,
.ind fafliion. Their drefs their food,
tiie common interconries of life, their
rnavriages, and profelTions, are all under
thejnrifdtc'tion of religion. The food
of the Hindoos is fimple, confifting
chiefly office, ghee (a kind of imperfet't
butter) milk, vegetables, and oriental
fpices. The warrior caft may eat of
the flefh of goats, ftieep, and poultry.
Other fiiperior cajls may eat poultry
and filh ; but the inferior cads are pro-
hibited from eating flcfli or filh of any
kind. Their greateft luxury confifts in
the ufe of the richeft fpicerics and per-
fumes, of which the great people are
very lavifli. They efteem milk the
pureft of food, becaufe they think it
partakes of fome of the properties of
the neftar of their gods, and becaufe
thev efteem the cow itfelf almoft a.s a
divinity. Their manners are gentle.
Their happinefs conlifts in the mlacea
of domeftic life ; and they are taught
\>Y their religion^ that matrimony is an
H IN
indirpeniable duty i,n every m«n, who
does not entirely ferrate himfelf front
the world, from a pnnciple.of d«votioa.
Their religion permits them fo have
fevtwil wives* but they feldom have
more than one ; and their wive* »Tt
(liftinguifhed by a decency of demea*
nour, a folicitudc in their families, and
a fidetfty to their vows, which might
do honour to huraanr nature in the moft
civilized eountries. The cuftom of wo-
men burning themfelyes in the fire
with the corpfe of their hufbands is
ftill prad^ifed in Hindooftan. The code
of Gentoo laws, with their facred
books, the Veidam and the Shaftah*
are written in the Sanfcrit languagei,
which is very copious and nervous,
although the ftyle of their beft authors
is wonderfully concile. Hindooftan,
toward the n, is pretty temperate,
but hot toward the s ; and it rains
almolt conftantly for three months in
the yrar. Its produfts are diamonds
and other precious ftones, filks, fpices,
nromatics, drugs, maize, rice, and
fngar ; and the chief manufadtures are
muilins and calicos. But thcfe and
various other particulars will be found
under the diflforent names of its pro-
vinces, cities, towns, mountains, and
rivers, defcribed in this work,
Htnglium, a town of Maflachufets, in
Suffolk county, with two churches,
featcd on ii fmall bay, 19 miles SE of
Borton.
Ilingham, a town in Norfolk, with a
market op Saturday, ix miles sw of
N'orwich, and 99 nk of London.
Hinghou, a city of China, of the firft
rank, in the province of Fo-kien. The
vicinity fumifhes abundance of rice,
li-chi, and filk. It is feated on a bay,
oppofite the n part of the illand of
Formofa, 460 miles s of Nan-king.
Lon. 119 30 F, lat. 25 a8 n.
Illntcrgcndofy a town of Upper Sax-
ony, in Mifnia, eight miles e of Frey-
burg.
Iltnzuan, or Joanna, one of the
, Comora i Rands, between the v end of
Madagafcar and the continent of Africa.
It is about 30 miles long and 15 broad ;
and the coafts are chiefly in the hands *
of Arabians, who have driven the ori-
ginal natives to the interior and moun-
tainous parts. Though not the largeft,
it isthe principal of the Comora iflands,
for it exafts tribute from all the others.
The cattle are a kind of buffalos, which
are delicious eating ; and there ar»
Iheep and hogs. The town of Joanna,
where the king refides, is on the e fide,
clofe to the fea, at the foot of t verjr
HI O ^
high hill, and contains about aoo boufes.
The better kind of houfcs are built of
flone, within a court yard* have a por-
tico to ihicid them from the fun» and
one long lofty room to receive gq^fts ;
the other apartments being; (acred to
the women. The original natives oc-
cupy the hill«, and are generally at war
w^th the Arabian intinlopers. They
get their fuppUes of arrris and aipmu-
uition from mips that touch here ; , ahd
it is cuftomary for all to make prefects
of arms yd powder to the prince when
he pays a vi0t on board, whiph he
does to every one. Whun any fliip
touches here, it is furrpunded by canoes,
artd the deck is crowcjed by natives of
atl ranks, from the high- born chief to
the half naked fl.avc. They have a
regular form of government, and cxcr-
cile the Mahometan religion ; both
icing introduced by the Arabs,^ The
colour of thcfe two races of men is very
different i the Arabs have not fo deep a
tinge as thp pthers, bemg of a copper
complexion, with better features, and a
more Animated countenance. They
conQder a black ftrcak undvr the eyes
HS ornamental, and (this .Iicy make
every day, with a bruih dijpt in a kind of
ointment. The cuftom of chewing the
betel-nut prevails here, as in moft of
the eaftern countries. Their religion
Ifcenfes a plurality of wives, and like-
wife concubines, of whom .'hey are ex-
tremely jealous, and never allow any
roan to fe« them. The men are very
temperate and abilemious, and attend
the mofques three or four times a day.
1(1 general they appear to be a well-
difpofed people, and honeft in their
draliiigs,toongb there are ,-tpiopg them,
ab in atl other nations, fome vitioufly
inclined ; and theft is much praftifed
by the lov/er clafs, notwithftanding the
punifhment of it is amputation of both
hands. The climate promotes vegeta-
tion to fuch a degree as requires Tittle
toil, but that little is denied ; fo that»
bf'yond oranges, bananas, pineapples,
cocoa-nuts, yams, and purflain (all
growing fpontaneoufly) few vegetables
are met with. The face of the country
ispifturcfque and pleafing : lofty moun-
tauis, clothed to the very fummits ;
deep and rugged valleys, adorned by
frequent cataradts, caicades, woods,
rocks*, and rivulets ; and groves ex-
tending over the plains to the ti^ry
edge ot thefea. Lon. 44 48 £, lat. 1214$.
lUo, a town of Sweden, in W Goth-
land, feated on the lake Wetter, 145
miles sw of Stockholm. Lon 140 k,
H O A
IlUrnt^, a town qf Denmark, ic w
Jutland, 37 inileg nnw of Alhurg.
liirtekberg, a town of Silefia, iq th.
principality of Jauer, famous for it!
mineral baths. In the neiglibnurhood
are extenfive bleacjiingtgrounds, and
next to BreOau it is the moft cunftderi
able trading-town i^ Silelia. It is feated
on the Bober, 20 miles sw of Jauer
Lon. 15 54 E, lat. 50 4P w. '
llirichfeld, a town of Germany, !«
l,ower Hefle, capital of a principality
of the fame nam*;, depending on a fa-
inous abbey, which was fecularized iq
favour of the lioufe of Hefle-Caffel. Jt
is feated on the Fulda, ^5 miles s by b
of Caflel. Lon. 9 4a E,iat. jjo ijo n,
lliruhomt a town of Uerinaay, in tbc
circle of Lower Rhine, with a caftir ;
feated on the Neckar, eight miles e of
Heidelberg.
Ilirscfiolm, a town of Denmark, in
the ifland of Zealand, with a c?vi\ ^
miles N pf Copenhagen.
HhpaHula. See Domingn^ Ct-
liissary a town qf Hindooilan, m the
country of Delhi, feated nyar thu river
Surfoory, m milea wnw pf Delhi.
Lon. 7j 40 E, lat, ag 5 K-
///>, a town of Syria, near which is a
fpring of naphtha a^d bitumen. It
ftands on 9 rivpr of the fame name,
which foon after joins the Euphrates,
100 miles w by s of Bagdad.
Ilitc/iiHi * own in H^rtfardftjire,
with a market on Tuefdj^y, and a great
trade in malt, 15 miles nnw of Hm-
ford, aud 34 n w of London.
JdHhtt or Uift/jf, a borough in Kent,
with a market on Saturday. It is one of
the Cinque Ports, goverm;d by a mayor,
and has a fraall fort. Near it arc the
remains of Saltwood caftle, now turned
into a farm-houfe, bari^i 8cc. Hitheha^
formerly four pariih^s, but now only
one ; and the harbour is choaked up.
It is JO miles wsv» of Dover, and 68 sb
of London.
Heai-iiti^f a city of China, pf thi;
firft rank, m the pVovinc^ pf Ho.!nari,
3ao miles sw of Peking, ^^on. \Ui^
E, lat. 35 6 N.
IIoai-ifgoHt a fity of China, of the
iirft rank, in the provincv oJi Kiang-nan.
it is feated in a mar^h, and inclofed by
a triple wall. The fuburbs extend to
the diftance of a league on e.ich fide of
a canal, and form, at their exti'emit^,
a kind of port on the Hoan-bo. It is
415 miles ssE of Peking. Lon. 118 47.
E» lat. 53 30 N.
IJoang'tcheouy a pity of China, of
the firft rank, in the province of Hou-
quangi feated on the Kian-ku, ji^
HO F
mites s pf Peking. I^n. 114 &7 ^* lat.
jg <o If*
W9«)»rA», a large river of ARa» alfo
called the Yellow River, from the
quantity of clay which it devolves. It9
fouices are two Ukett (ituate among the
inountaias of that part of Tartary
known by the name of Kokonor, in
about 35 N lat. It purfues a ne din
region to about 43 n ]ut. and after
running dpe e it fuddenly bends s,
penetrating China to a latitude nearly
paiallel to its fourpt>,and th^n itpurAies
an eafterly direction till it enters the
£aftem ocean, 100 miles to the n of
the mouth of the Kianku. The length
of its courfe is eftimated at aouo miles.
At 70 ipilps from the fea, where it is
crofl't:d py th.e great canal, the breadth
is little more than a mile ; but it is fo
npid and (hallovir as to be fcarocly na-
vigable.
Uochberg, an ancient caftle of Snabia,
in Brifgau, which gives name to a
marquifate, annexed to the margravate
of Baden>Durlach. It is fituate on a
mountain, two miles ne of Emmendin-
gen, which is the principal town.
llochsu a town of Germany, in the
late eleftorate of Ment?, feated on the
ilaine, fix miles w ot" Frpinkfort.
HothstaU a town and caftle of Ba*
varia, famous for a iignal vidory gained
ijear it by the duke of Marlborough, in
1704, and >vhich the Knglilh call the
battle 0^ Blenheim, from a village three
miles sw of this place. It is feated on
the Danube, 17 miles wsw of Donavvert.
Hoc/istat, a town and caftle of Fran-
coniu, in the principality of Bamberg,
on the river Aifgh, aj miles ssw of
Bamberg.
Uoddesdon, a town in Hertfordftiire,
with a market on Thurfday, feated r.jar
the river j^ea, four miles se of Hert-
ford, and x; N by E of London;
Iledeida, a town of Arabia, in Yemen,
with a harbour for fmall velTrls, on the
Red fea, go miles aavf of Mocha.
Lon. 43 30 E, lat. 14 10 N.
Ilofi-tcheou, a city of China, of the
r^rft rank, in the province of Kiang-nan,
iiamous for its tea, vamiOi, and japan-
ned work, 625 miles s of Peking. Lon.
118 ,5 E, lat. 19 57 N.
Heei-tchfpu, a city of China, of the
iirit rank, in[the province of Quang-ton,
|o 10 miles s of Peking. Lqn. 113 58
JE, lat. J3 I .V.
Hoeieltm. See Ihukelum,
IIo^, a town of Franconia, in the
principality of Bayreuth, with manu-
»(!tiins of cotton, linen, and fine paper.
'|he adjacent country lias quarnes of
H O L
CKcelteat marble. It ftandi on the
Saale,%a miles nnb of Bayreuth.
So/f, a town of Moravia, in the cir*
cle of Olmutz, with a great trad^ in
wool, tj miles ne of Oltnutz.
Hoguet Cape ia^ the nw point of
Normandy, near which admiral Rooke
burnt 13 French men of war, in 169^.
Lon. I 52 w, lat. 49 45 n.
Ilohenbergt an ancient caftic of Suabia»
in a county of its name, Tituate near the
fqurce of the Neckar, 10 miles se of
Rothweil.
Ilobenlinden, a t^wn of Bavaria, near
which the French gained a great viftory
over the Auftrians in iSoo. It is 2%
miles £ of Munich.
Hohi-nlo/je, or Holach, a principality
of Franconia, w of the niargiavate of
Anfpacb, abounding in wine, corn,
ivood, and cattle. The caftle of its
ancient counta ftood clofe by the viU
lage of Holach, near Ufteiiheim. The
chief town is Ohringen.
Jlohenmautt a town of Bohemia, oil
the river Meyta, 13 miles e of Cliru-
dim. ^
Hohemtehty an ancient caftle of Up-
per Saxony, in Thuringia, which gives
name to a county, it is lituate on a
mountain, at the foot of which is the
village of Neuftadt, five miles nne of
Nordhaufen.
. Ilohentnueilf a fortrefs of Suabia,
furfoundcd by the county of Nellen-
burg. Its fortifications were deftroyed
by the French in 1800. It ftands on a
mountain, nine miles ene of Schaff-
haufcn.
lIoheitTollernt a town of Suabia, in a
principality of the lame name, with a
caftle on a mountain, the feat of the
ancient counts af Hohenzollern. It is
feated on a branch of the Neckar, i(V
miles tj by w of Tubingen. Lon. 9 8
L, lat. 4U s8 S.
Hehnstein, a town of Upper Saxony,
in Mifnia, on the river Mulda, 1 1 miles
N e of Zwickau.
Ilo'kUi:, a city of China, of the firft
rank, in the province of Pe-tchdi, (itu-
ate between two rivers, 8y miles s of
Peking. Lon. 116 23 e, lat. 38 40 N.
Hohi a town of Iceland, and a bi-
ilioi/s fee, at the mouth of a river, on
the N coaft. Lon- 19 so w, lat. 6?
40 N-
Ilolbcac/i, a town in Lincolnfhire,
with a market on Tliurfday, 12 miles H
by E of Bofton, and 109 k by e of
London.
Ilolheck, a feaport of Denmark, in
the illand of Zealand, with a pood har-
bour, fi'um' which {;reat quantities of
"t-^-
H 01
corn are annually exported' Itl is 36
miles w of Cbpciihagen . Lon. 1 f 44^*8,
lat. 55 4> w-
HcJ/istuortbjft a town m DevonAiir«,
with a market on Saturday, ftatscd be-
tween two branches of the Tamar, 43
mile* w by s of Exet«r and a 14 w by s
of London^
Holland, or Dutfh Netherlands, a
country of Europe, extending i;so
miles from n to s and 100 from w to
E 5 bounded on the w and n by the
German ocean, e by Wcftphalia, and s
by Liege and Brabant, or Belgium. It
conQfts of feven provinces, namely,
Holland, Gelderl.ind, Zealand, Utrecht,
Fridlaiid, Ov. ryfTel, and Groningen;
and what is called the Land r)f the
Generality, or Dutch Brabant. Thty
were lately ftyled the United l*rovinces
*/ the Netherlands. This country was
a part of that inhabited by the ancient
Batavi : it is ufually called Holland,
from the name of the principal pro-
vince; which fignifies a hotiow, or low
comitrv. The principal rivers are the
Khinc'Meiife, Donimel, Waal, Yllel,
Scheldt, and Vt tcht . Hoi land affords a
ftriking proof, that pef fevering induftry
is capable of conquering every dilad<
vantage of climate and fituation. The
air and water are nearly equally bad ;
the foil produces naturally fcarcely any
thing biit turf; and the poffeflion of
this very foil is difputcd by the ocean,
which, riling confiderably above the
level of the land, is prevented from
overflowing it, only by expenfive
dikes. Yet the labours of the Dutch
have rendered this feemingly infignifi-
cant territory one of the richeft fpots
in Eiirope, with refped to population
and property. Among the moft valua-
ble natural produdions of the country
may be reckoned its excellent cattle ;
and large quantities of madder are ex-
ported, chiefly cultivated in Zealand.
The principal revenue arifes from the
herring, cod, and whale filherics ; but
thefe are not fo confiderable as for-
merly. The Dutch trade, though much
reduced, is ftill very great, and their
country was, as it were, the uuivcifal
warehoufe of the commodities of every
quarter of the globe. Among the
moilopolieR of their E India Company,
the fpice trade is the moft valuable ;
comprehending cloves, mace, nutmegs,
and cinnamon. Their Aflatic poflef-
fions are the coafts of the illand of Java,
the capital of which h Batavia, the
feat of the governor general of all
their Eaft India fettlements; fomo
fvtilemctits on the coads of Suma*
HOL
iva* Matabai^ and Coromandel ; the
greateft part of the Moluccas or SpJaa
Miands ; anil fettlements of fe<$torieR ia
the ifland of Celebes, at Surat and
Peira, and in the gulf of Perfia. in
Africa, the Dtitch have the Cape of
Good Hope, with feveral forts ancJ
fafloriesin Guinea; in the W Indie,
St. Euftatia, Saba, and Cura^oa ; and
in S America, the colonies of Urequibo,
Demerary, Surinam, and Berbice. But
they have, loft feveral of thefe in the
prefent war. In Holland, thei inland
trade is greatly facilitated by canals,
which pafs in every diredion, and equal
the roads in othisr countries. By thefe
canals and the Rhine, the inland trade
with Germany is very confiderable;
and the moft remarkable feature con-
fifts in the vaft floats of timber, which
arrive at Dort from Andernach, and
other places on the Rhine. A great
quantity of com is' alfo obtained by
this inUind trade, and the other branches
of traffic are numerous ; that the Rhine
may be faid to fupply Holland with
infular advantages, fecure from the de-
ftru(5live inroads of maritime war.
This country contains thoufands of
wind-mills for fawing timber, grinding
corn, &c. and the number of its manu-
fafturcs is aftonifhing ; the chief of which
are linen, pottery, painted tiles, tobac-
co-pipes, refined fait, fnuff, leather,
wax, oil, fugar, ftarch, paper, befide
fome of woollen, cotton, and filjc.
From the year 1579 to 1795, the Seven
United Provinces muft be confidered as
one political body, united for the pre-
fervation of the whole. In confequence
of the Union (fee Netherlands) the
Seven Provinces guaranteed each other's
rights ; thty made war and peace, le-
vied taxes, &c. in their joint capacity;
but as to internal government, each
pi-ovince was independent. They fent
deputies (chofen out of the provincial
ftates) to the general affembly, called
the'ftatcs-general, which was invefted
with the.fupreme legiflative power of
the confederation. At the head of this
government there has ufr.ally been a
prince ftadtholder, who exercifcd a
confiderable part of the executive power.
After the dc.ith of William n (the
fourth ftadtholder) in 1667, this office
was abolilhed by the ftates; hut, in
1672, when Lewis xiv invaded Holland,
Lhc popular commotions compelled
them to repeal the edid; to involt
William ill, prince of Orange, with
the oflice, and to declare it hereditary.
On his death, in 170 a, it was again
abolilhed: but, in 1745, fome popuU»
HOI,
^flflnotJOM cotnpclled the ftrtlw to
ifftotc the rank to WiHiam iv, atiH.
again to declare it hereditary in his
feiuily. In ^7^7* « civil 'war com-
menced, and the ftadtholder, William
V, was deprived of the office of captain
fftferal ; but he was reftored* the fame
year, by the interference * of Great
Britain and Pruffia. When Holland,
however, was rapidly overrun by the
French, in |ami«ry 1795, the ftadthol-
der and his family were compelled to
leave the country ; and b convention
was aflbmbled to frame a conftitution
for the Seven Provinces and Dutch
Brabant. The firft plan they prefented
was rejefted by the primary aflemblies •,
Mother was drawn up, which was
accepted; and, in imitation of France,
the country was declared the Batavian
Republic one and indivifible, governed
by a dire^ory of twelve members. The
country was alfo divided into eight de-
partments, which had names- taken
from rivers; but, in 1801, they were
changed to the names df the feven pro-
viAcesand Brabant. In 1806, Holland
was ereited into a kingdom, by Na-
poleon Bonaparte, iti favour of his
biother Louis. The Calviriift religion
is eftabliftied in Holland ; biit moft
other Chriftian fetSs, and the Jews, are
tolerated. Amfterdamisthe capital; but
the feat of government in at Hague.
Hollands the moft confiderable of
the provinces of the Dutch Netherlands,
bounded on the s by Dutch Brabant
and Zealand, w and n by thn German
ocean, and E by the Zuider Zee,
Utrecht, and Gelderlar.d. It is divided
into South and Nort'.i Holland ; which
laft i« alfo cal!"'' Weft Friefland, to
diftinguifli it from Friclland on the e
fide ofthe Zuider Zee. TheYe.orWye,
a fmall bay, which is an extcnfion of
the Zuider Zee, feparates S Holland
from N Holland. This province is not
above 1 80 miles in circumference ; but
is fo populous, that no country in
Europe, of fuch a fmall extent, can
equal it. The land is alrfioft evejy
where loWer than the fea; and the
water is kept out by dikes. It is croflT-
ed by the Rhine and Meufe, by feveral
fmall rivers, and by a great number of
canals, which are travelled on day and
right, at a fmall expence. The paf-
tures are fo rich, that it has plenty of
cattle, birtter, and cheefe, and the feas
and rivers abound with fifli. It has
confiderable linen and woollen mann-
faftures, and numerous docks for the
building of (hips.* The French effe(aed,
by the aid of afevere froft, the entire
11 O L
ctttiqueft of this province in Jvatixtf
t79|«L- AinAerdsm is the capital.
I Mmtmit a ftrong town of PruflSa,
itiOberland, near the river Wee<ke, 14
miles S8E of Elbing.
UoUtmdi New, the largeft' known
land that does not bear the name of a
continent. It extends from 109 to 153
Jt Ion. and from 1 1 to .^9 s lat. or 9730
miles from w to e, and i960 from Nto
s. When this vail id and was firft dif-
covered is uncertain. In the beginning
ofthe 17th century, the n andwcoafla
were traced bytheDutdh; and what
was deemed, tiy lataly, the s extremity,
was difcovered by Tafman, in 1642.
Captain Cook, in 1770, explored the t
and NE from 38 s, and aicertained its
feparation from New Guinea; and, in
1773, captain Furneaux, by connedting
Talman's difcoveries with Cook's,
completed the circuit. But the fup-
'pofed s extrfMTMty, which Tafman dif-
tinguifhed by the name qf Van Dicmen
Land, was found, In 1798, to be an
ifland, feparated from New Holland by
a channel 40 leagues wide, named from
the dJfcoveror, Bafs Strait. Different
parts of the coaft have been called by
the names ofthe difcoverers, &c. The
eaftern coaft, called New South Wales,
was taken pofleftion of in his majefty's
name by captain Cook, and now forms
apart of the British dominions. See
/Tfl/w, New South.
liQllodale, a river in Scotland, ^B
Sulliprlandihirc, which rifes in the
mountains on the borders of Caithnefs-
ftiire, and flows n into a bay of the
North fea, forming for feveraj miles, in
the latter part of its courfc, the boun-
dary between the two countries.
Jlolm, a town in Cumberland, fome-
timcs called Holm-Abbey, from an ab-
bey that fonncrly ftood here. It n
featcd near the mouth of the Waver, i *
miles N of Cockermouth, and 3 lo nnw
of London.
llohtebroet a town in Denmark, in N
Jutland, (ituate on a fliallow river which
runs into the North fea. The princi-
pal trade is in corn, oxen, and horfes.
It is 24 miles w of Wiburg, and 68 m
of Ripen.
Hohteift, a duChy of Lower Saxony,
fobjeft to the king of Denmark. It is
100 miles long and 50 broad; bounded
on the N by Slefwick, e by the Baltic
and the duchy of Saxe-Lawenburg, s
by the duchies of Bremen and Lunen-
burg, and w by the German ocean. It
is a fruitful country, and well feated fbr
trade; having fome conliderable haiv
hours, particularly tholl' of Hamburgh
H O L
Lubec, artd Kid; and frdm the latUr
is a canal to the Eider» at Renfluire» ly
which there io a free navigatiaVnon
the Baltic to the German ocean. TlNs
religion of the country is Lutheran.
flotstorit a fiver of the United Stately
which rifes in the Allegany tnodntaini»
in Virginia, and flows ssw into the
Aite of Tcnneflee, vvhere it takes a
more wefterly courfe to Knoxville. and
35 miles below that town is joined by
the Clinch, when their united waters
take the name ofTenneflee. The whole
' courfe is about zoo miles, and it is na-
vigable for boats of sj^ton» upward of
loo miles. On its banka are feveral
iron works ; and the adjacent country
abounds with iron ore^ and has fliridry
lead mine^.
JIo/t» a town in Norfolk, with a
market on Saturday, and an excellent
freefchool founded by fir John Greiham.
It is 21 miles wnw of Norwich, and
J19 NB of London.
Holtev, a town of Weftphalia».ini the
duchy of Cleve, 1 1 miles sse of WefeJ.
Holy Islandt an ifland on the coaft
of the detached part of Durham* in
Iflandfhire, eight miles se of Berwick.
It is three miles ton^and twobr^ad;
the foil rocky and fuli of ftones;>and
at low water acceflible by horfes and
carriages. It has a town called Kylo,
and a caftle en a high rock, under which
is a commodious harbour, defended by
ablockhoufe. On this ifland are con-
fiderable remains of a ftately monaiery,
called Lindisfarhe, of which the cele-
brated St. Cuthbert was prior is years;
and here ^vas anciently a biihop'i fee,
removed, witiithe body of St. Cutltbert,
iirft to Chefter le Street, and afterward
to Durham.
llolylieadt a feaport and cape of
Wales, in the ifle 6f Anglefea. It is
the mod ufual place of embarkation for
Dublin, being the ftation of the packet-
boats to and from that city, diflant
about 20 leagues. In the neighbour-
hood is a large vein of white fullers
earth, and another of yellow. On Salt
iilandst which forms one fide of the har*
bocr it a capital hghthuufe; and on
the ifle of Skerries, nine miles to the sr,
\% another. Holyhead is 88 miles w by n
of Chefter, and 27; Nw of London.
Lon. 440 w,lat. 53 83 N.
ihlyrjselU a town of Wales, in Flint-
fiiire. with a miirket on Friday. From
Its vicinity to the mines, it is become
the moft flourifhing town in the county.
It takes ita name from the famous well
4f St Wisifred, concerning which fo
jBtany fables and fuperftitioas notions
MOW
havie ^evailed. It is a copioua Ixxvi^
burfting out of the ground with great *
impetuofityt t\ thq foot of a hill. £«.
Gde the cold bath^ celebrated fbr woif.
derfvl cures, formed at the fprin^.hf ad
and covered with a beautiful (hrinc, it
is now applied to the purpofe of turn,
ing feveral mills for the working of
copper, making brafs wire, paper, and
fnuff, and fpinning cotton. It is 10
miles E of .St. Afaph, and )•& mb of
London. Lon. ^ 21 w, Iatj4 13 n.
Jloizapftli a town of Weftphaiia,
capital of a county of the lame name.
It IS (itnate on the Lahn, at the foot of
a mountain^ on which is the XitwttJ^
an ancient caftle, the original feat of
the princes of Naflau^ four miles me of
NaiTau.
Uolzmunden, a town of Lower Sax*
ony, in the duchy of Wolfenbuttle,
feated at the confluit of the. Holt
with the Wefer, 28 miles nw of Got.
tingen.
Homburgt a . town of Germany, in
Wetter;! via, with a caftle, and a glafi
manufacture, eight miks n of Frank*
fort.
Uomburg, a town of Getmany, in
Hefle-Caflei, with an iron forge and z
glafs manufadure, 20 miles s of Caflel.
Homburgf a town cf Wel^phalia,
in the duchy of Berg, 43 miks sb of
DufTeldorf.
Ilomburgt a toWn of France, in tbe
department of Mont Tonnerre, lately
of Germany, in the duchy of Deux
Fonts; feated on a mountain» five miles
K of Deux Fonts.
Ilo'tian, a province of China, bound-
ed on the N by the provinces of Pe-tcheli
and Chan-fi, E by Kiang-fi and Chan-
tong, s by Hou-c|uang, and w by Chen-
fi. As every thing that can contribute
to render a country delightful is found
in this province, the Chinefe call it
Tong-hoa, The middle Flower; being
fitu^e almdt in the centre of China.
Befide Cai-fong, its capital, it contains
feven cities of the firft clafs, and 102 ot'
the fecond and third. .
Jlo-nati, a city of China, of tbe firtl
clafs, in the province of Ho-nan, 360
miles sw of fekmg. Lon. iia 9 e,
lat. 34 44 N.
Ilcnawtra, or Onon, a town of Hin-
dooftan, in Canara, feated on an inkt
of the fea, which fpreads into a lake,
and includes a number of iflands. It
was formerly a place of great com-
merce, but demolifhed by Tippoo after
he had recovered it by the treaty oi
Mangalore. Here is now a cultom*
houfe, and a few ihopit alfo fome mer-
HOO
chants, who live fcattercd near the
banks of the lake, and Ml rice, pepper,
cocoa and betel-nuts, &c. to the trad-
ing vcflels that Come from Goa, Raja-
pura, and Bombay. It is 50 mile* s
l,y vv of Kundapura, and 84 ss^ of
Coa. , „
Ihndtsfhoote, a town of France, m
the department of Nord, feven miles
sK of Dunkirk. ,
//Wara/, a province of Mexico, 490
miles long and 150 broad; bounded on
the M by a bay of its name, e by the
Atlantic, s by Nicaragua, and w by
(Jaatimala and Vera Paz. The coun-
try confifts of mountains, valleys, and
plains, watered by numerous rivers;
and is exceedingly fertile. The vine-
yards bear thrice a year, and the foil in
many parts yields three crops of maize ;
other produdions are wheat, peas, cot-
ton, wool, logwood, with excellent
paftnres, honey, wax, and provilions of
all kinds. The bay of Honduras lies w
of the Caribbean fca, between this pro-
wince and the peulnfula of Jucatan ; and
on its coafts great quantities of log-
wood are 6ut, chiefly by the Englilh,
who once poflelled the ne part of the
province, called the Mofqnito Shore.
Honduras was formerly one of the
mod populoii-4 countries in America,
but at prefcnt, though fo fertile, is al-
moft a defert. 'Ihc capital is Valla-
dolid.
Ilofifieur, a Teaport of France, in the
department of Calvados. The harbour
is very capacioui, at the mouth of the
^eine; and its principal trade is in lace.
It is eight miles n of Pont I'Eveque,
and uo kw of Paris. Lon. o 15 e, lat.
49 *4 w-
Heniten, a borough in Devonihire,
ifith a market on Saturday. It has a
church half a mile from the town, and
a chapel within it; alfo a manufa^ure
(ff broad laoe. A lire happened here
m 1747, which confumed three-fourths
of the town; and another, in 1^651
deftroyed nearly tdo buildings. It is
feated on the river Otter, 16 miles e of
Exeter, and 15 1 w by s of Londcm.
Hoogly^ a river of Uindouftan, form-
ed by the two wefternmoft branches
of the Gangeii, named the CoHlmba/ar
and /ellinghy, which unite at Nuddea.
It flows by Hoogly, Cbinfura, Chan-
demagore, and Calcutta, to the bay of
Bengal, and is the only branch of the
Ganges that is commonly navigated by
ihins.
"oogh/, a city oF Hindooftan, in
Bengal, now nearly in ruins, but polTcf-
iitkmany tcftigos of forin«rr greatncCs.
H O « '
lo the beginning of the i8th cefttOnrt
it vr^ the gl-eat mart of the export
tradHbf Bengal to Europe. It is feat-
ed on the river Hoogly, 25 miles fi of
Calcutta.
Iloogstraien, a town of the Nether-
lands, in Brabant, 15 miles n of He-
rentals.
lloraidiin, a town of Perfia, in the
province of Farliftan, 76 miles KW of
Shiras.
Ilorby a town of Suabia, with a conG-
derable trade in woollen goods, feated
on the Neckar, « i miles wsw of Tu-
bingen.
llorebt a mountain of Arabia Petrea,
a little to the w of that of Sinai. Here
Gou appeared to Mofes in the burning
bufli. At its foot Mofes fkruck the
rock, and tlrew vis'. " to affuage the
people's thirft. Here are twa or three
line fprings, and a great number of
fruit-trees.
Horn, or Hoorn, a feaport of N Hol-
land, with a good harbour. Here cat-
tle are fatted that come from Denmark
and Holftein, and it has a great trade
in butter and cheefe. The herring fifli-
ery is alfo confiderable, and many fiiips
of war and merchant-vellels are built
here. It was in the poflcinon of tike
Englifli, for a Ihort time, in r/99. It
is feated on the w fide of the Zuider
Zee, 20 miles nnk of Amfterdaai.
Lon. 4 50 E, ist. 52 38 N.
JIorHf a town of Aultria, with a trade
in beer made of oats, feated on tbe Tif-
fer, 48 miles wnw of Vienna.
IJorn, a town of the Netherlands, io
the territory of Liege, three miles wsw
of Ruremonde.
Jlor/i, Cape, the moft foutfaem extr<f-
mity of S America, forming part of
Ilermite ifland, on the coall of Terra
del Fuego. Lon. 68 13 w, lat. ,^5 58 s.
Uornachos, a town uf jipain, in Eftre-
madura, near tbe river Malachel* j*
miles ssE of Merida.
Uornbachy a town of France, in the
department of Mont Tonnerre, lately
of Germany, in the duchy of Deux
Ponts; feated on the river Horn, five
miles s of Deux Ponts.
Hornberg, a town of Suabia, in tbe
Black Foreit, with a fortrefs on a
mountain; feated on the Gutlaib, xa
miles Nw of Rothweil.
Hornbtirgy a town of Lower Saxony,
in the principality of Halberftadt, fitu-
ate on the life, eight miles s of Wolfen-
buttle.
Hornby, a village in Lancalhire, on
the river Loyne, 10 miles ne of LancaO
ter. Here ie a cotton manufaAuri^
HOT
mA t marttW etery alterftiite Tnenfay
for cattle- .^
' Hafncastht a toMrn in LincoMhire,
nvith a market on Saturday. It wa^i a
Romaki ftation, and part of the wall of
the caftle ib ftill remaining. It is feat-
ed on the Banet ao miles e of Xiincuhi,
and 136 N of London.
Hanisey, a town in £ Yortcfliire, with
a- market on Monday. Near it is a
^ere> two miles long and on«? broad,
famous for its pike and eels. Hornfey
Is 40 miles e of Vork, and 19O' n of
■London.
ilorteni, a feaport of Denmark, in N
Jutland, with manufadlincs of woollen
floods, and a confiderable trade. It is
feate<l at the end of a bay, which opens
into the Categat, ao miles ssw of Arhu-
fen. Lon. 9 40 e, lat. 55 57 n.
Horsham, a borough in iSunex, with
a market on Saturday, noted for fine
poultry. Here is the county gaol, and
the fpring aflizes are held here. It is
feated on the Arun, 36 miles s by w of
London. Lon. o law, lat. ^ i 8 k.
Horitmary a town of VVeftphalia, in
the principality of Munftcr, with a c.if-
tle, and a collegiate church ; A-ated ot)
an eminence, 23 milei nw of Munfter.
Hottentots, Country of the, a Inrge re-
gion in the s extremity of Africa, ex-
tending N by w, from the Cape of
Good Hope, beyond the mouth of
Orange river, and from that cape, irf
"an ENE dire<5tion, to the mouth of the
Great Fifli river, which parts it from
Caffraria. It lies between the tropic
of Capricorn and 35 s lat. and is bound-
ed on the w, s, and e by the Atlantic,
Southern, and, Indian oceans, and on the
N by regions very little, if at all, explor-
ed. The Hottentots are as tall as moft
Europeans, but are m.ore flender; and
the chara(5teriftic mark of this nation
is, the fmallnefs of their hands and feet,
"Compared with the other parts of, their
body. Their Ikin is of a yelfowifh
broUfn hue, refembling that of an fiiiro-
pean who has the jaundice in a high de-
gree. There arc not fuch thick lips
among the Hottentots as among their
neighbours the Negros, the Caifres,
and the Mozambiques ; and their mouth
is of the middling iize, with the fineft
•fet of teeth imaginable. Their heads
are covered with hair, more woolly, if
poffibl^, than that of the Negros. VV ith
refpeA to fliape, carriage, and every
■motion, their whole appearance indi-
cates health and content. Not only the
men* but the women alfo are clothed
with (heep-fkins; the wool being worn
outward in fun)0t«r> and inward in
H Ot
wlhtet-. They wear one icin ovor\>ei|.
ftioulders, the ends of it crofling e»cft
other before, and leaving their ntck
bare; another is faftcned round their
middle,and r<?achesdown to theirkntes.
They befmear their bodies all over wiij
fat, in which a little foot is mixed; mfl
they are likewife perfumed with a ranit
and aromatic powder of herbs. The?
are excellent fwimmers and divers, and
pradtife bathing feviral times in the day.
The women braid or plait their hair as
an additional eltgance, and ailoni them-
fc'lves with necklaces of fliells. They
feldom content themfclves with one co-
vering, but almoft always have two, and
very often three. The outermoft is the
largeil, fineft, and moft fhowy, and fre.
qu^ntly adorned with girffs beads ftrung
in different figures. Both the men and
women generally go bareheaded, and
feldom vear any fhoes. Neither their
ears nor nofe are adorned with any
pendent ornaments ; but "the nofe is
ibmetimes mari,-?d with a black ftreak
of foot, or with a large fpot of red lead;
of which latter, on high days, they like-
wife put a little on their cheeks. Both
fexes wear rings on their arms and legs,
chiefly made of thick leather ftraps,cut
in a circular (hape ; but rings of iron,
copper, or brafs, of the fize of a goofc-
quill, are confidered more genteel.
Girls are not allowed to ufe any rings
till they are marriageable. Their ha-
bitations are adapted to their wander-
ing paftoral life. They are merely
huts, refembling a round beehive, from
18 to 24 feet in diameter, and fo low
that a middle-iized man cannot (land
upright in them. But neither the low-
nefs of the hut, nor that of the door,
which is barely three feet high, can be
confidered as any inconvenience to a
Hottentot, who finds no difficulty in
ilooplng and crawling on all-fours, and
who is more inclined to lie down th!(|
ftand. The fire-place is in tlje middle,
and they fit or lie round it in a circle.
The low door is the only place that ad-
mits the light, and the only outlet that
is left for the fmoke. The order of
thefe huts in a craal, or clan, is moft
frequently in the form of a circle, with
the doors inward} by which means a
kind of yard is formed, where the cat-
tle are kept at night- Such are the
Hottentots m the vicinity of the Cape
of Good Hope. In 1778, lieutenant
Paterfon vilited a Hottentot village in
Little Nimioua Land, in the nw part
of the country: it con lifted of 19 hut»
and about 150 inhabitants. Theenfign
of authority, woin by their chirf> was
I cane witl
SrtheDutj
ottentots I
flight, withi
fifitors, in
tobacco an(|
which they
Their tniifu
made of thj
fixes. Tbel
a circle, wi^
men dance 1
tribes of Hoi
who inhabit|
rior part or
Cape, and i
life: they W
and never w
fpacc of oni
they reader I
plantert, an<
rated like v
of when tal
are poifonet
bow J and tl
tolerable de
diftance of
tions are not
manners and
in rocks ferv
ings. Many
ly naked ; bu
body with tli
mal, great 01
downward as
ing it till it fi
Borant of agi
hills and dak
bcnries, and]
alfo caterpili
hoppers, fna]
tribe of Hot
Orange rivei
nantPaterfo
in 1799. T
thatched wi
edwithftoo
of the gram
ia in the hig
they are ap
all the Rett
compofed o
als, the flefl]
a grampus i
their huts t<
it as long a
fraear their
of which is
proach ma
before they
ry their wa
e{gs, and t
they fhoot
Ukicosatrj
HOT
a cine with abraft top, given to him
5r the Dutch E India Company. The
otuntots amufed them, part of the
qieht, with muflc and dancing: their
»ifitors, in rttum, treated them with
tobacco and dacka, or hemp leaves,
which they prefer even to tubacco.
Then- miific was pro<luced from flutes,
niade of the bark of trees, of different
fizes- The men form themfelves into
a circle, with their flutes; and the wo-
men dance round them . Among other
tribes of Hottentots are the Bosjefmans,
who inhabit t?ie mountains in the inte-
rior part of tiie country, n e of the
Cape, and are enemies to the paftoral
life: they live by hunting and plunder,
and never keep any animal alive for the
fpace of one night. On this account
they render themfelves odious to the
planters, and are purfued and extermi-
nated like wild beafts ; or made flaves
of when taken alive- Their weapons
are poifoned arrowc, (hot from a fmatl
bow; and they will hit a mark, with a
tolerable degree of certaintjr, at the
diftance of too paces. Their habita-
tions are not more agreeable than their
manners and maxims ; bufhes and clefts
in rocks ferve them by turns for dwell-
ings. Many of tbefe lavages are entire-
ly naked; but fome of them cover their
body with the fkin of any fort of ani-
mal, great or fmall, from the (boulder
downward as far as it will reach, wear-
ing it till it falls off in rags. Being ig-
norant of agriculture they Wander over
hills and dales, after certain wild roots,
berries, and plants, which they eat raw;
alfo caterpillars, termites, locufts, graf-
hoppers, fnakes, and fpiders. Another
tribe of Hottentots, near the mouth of
Orange river, were obferved by lieute-
nant Paterfon, in his journey to the nw
in ifgg. Their huts were loftier, and
thatched with grafs; and were furoilh-
edwith ftools made of the back- bones
of the grampus. Their mode of living
is in the higheft degree wretched, and
they are apparently the moft dirty of
all the Hottentot ti ibes. Their drefs is
compofed of the fkins of fcals and jack-
als, the flefh of which they eat. When
a grampus is ca(t aihore, they remove
their huts to the place, and fubfift upon
it as long as any part remains. They
fmear their fkin with the oil, the odour
of which is fo powerful, that their ap-
proach may be perceived fome time
before they appear in view. They car-
ry their water in the fhells of oftriches
eggs, and the bladders of feals, which
they fhoot with arrows. To the k of
till country of the Bo^^ovitts, and on
HOT
the bank! •£ Orange river, are another
ti^be <g|ied Koras, who may be reckon-
ed to rank higher than any of the other
Hottentots known in the a of Africa.
Their features are c** a Aiperior caft ;
they are more cleanly in their appear*
ance, and neater in their drefs and do-
mcftic utenfiis; their huts are alfo con*
ftru^ed with greater care, and with a
view of being more durable. They
feein to be a mixed breed, between the
Hottentot and CafFre. They appear to
have no knowledge of agriculture, but
are particularly attentive to their hom-
ed cattle, iheep, and goats, which they
train in habits of tbiSt fubordination
and command. With refpefl to th«
Hottentots, in general, none of them
feem to have any religion, nor do they
appear willing to receive any inftruc-
tion. All of them, however, have the
firmeft opinion of the power of magic;
whence it might be interred that tney
believe in an evil being; but they pay
no religious worfhip to him, though
from this fource they derive all the evils
that happen; and among thefe, they
reckon cold, rain, and thunder. They
feem to have fome idea of a future
ftate, as they reproach their friends,
when dead, with leaving them fo foon ;
and admonifli them to behave hence-
forth more properly. The country
pofTeifed by the Dutch is coniiderable;
extending fit>m the Cape of Good
Hope, N to lat. 30, and e to the Great
Fifli river, about ^^o milts in length
and 230 in breadth. The whole is na-
turally barren and mountainous ; but the
induftrious Dutch have overcome all
natural difficulties, and it produces not
only a fuificiency of all the necelTaries
of life for the inhabitants, but alfo for
the refrefhment of all the European
(hips that touch at the Cape. The
Dutch confider the year as divided in-
to two feafons, which they term mon-
foons: the wet monfoon, or winter, be-
gins in March; and the dry one, or
fummer, in September. Among the
quadrupeds of this country are ante-
lopes, which go in large herds ; buffa-
los; can:elopaidi1ifes; the gemiboch, a
fpecies of antelope, which has remark-
ably long {harp horns, and, when at-
tacked by dogs, will fit on its hind
quarters, and defend itfelf ; wild dogs,
which travel in herds, and are very de-
flrudive to iheep; elephants; elks;
hyenas; the koedo, an animal rather
larger than a deer, of a moufe colour,
with three white ftripes over the back,
and the male having very -large twifted
horns; lions; jackals; tigers; the qua-
HOU
cha, a fpecics of zebra* but-more tnft*
able; rbitioovrufcs ; horrt's; dpmeftic
homed cattle } cunimon Iheepi and i pe*
culiar fpccies of Iheep covered with
hair inftcad of wool. The hippopota-
mus, or ti»'er-horfe, is frequently feen
here- Amont; the birds are irultuies;
gftrichcf., \vhof»; egtf are excellent food;
and the ioxia, a tpccies of gregarious
bird: thefe latter build thdr curious
neft in the miraofa tiu', where they
turm a kind of tuatched houfe, with a
regular (Ireet of nofte on both fid^^s, at
about two inches diftance from each
other* and containing under its roof fe*
veral hundred birds. Among the in-
fers are a fpecies of termites, which do
no iniury to wood as in the £ Indies,
but, by railing.' a number of hills, they
impede the proj.rcfs of vegetation. The
black, or rock fcorpion, id nearly as ve-
nomous here as any of the ferpent tribe,
'}f which there are numerous kinds.
llouatt an ifland of f ranee, between
that of Belleifle and the coniiinent. It is
lo miles in circumference> and defended
by a fort. Lon. 3 10 w, lat. 47 16 n.
Ihudaln, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Pas de ^Calais, fix miles s
of Bethune. -
HoudaK, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Seine and Oife, ai miles w
of Verfailles.
Ihunslotut a town in Middlefex,
wHh J market on Thurfday, fitnate on
the ed^e of a'hcath of the fame name*
u.i which are fome gunpowder millS}
10 miles w by s of London.
IJau-^uangt a province of Chinr.,
which occupies nearly the centre of the
empire, and is uivrdcd into two parts,
the N and s, by the river Kian-ku- It
is 9 flat, open country, watered by lakes,
canals, and rivers; and has plenty of
wild fowl and cattle. The foil is re-
markably fertile ; gold is found in the
fands of the rivers ; and there is fuch a
variety of all forts of commodities, that
it is called by the Chincft', the ftorehoufe
of the empire. It contains i ^ cities of
the iirft clafs, and 1 14 of the (econd and
ihird. Vout-rhang is the capital-
Uounit Loc/if an arm of the fea, on
the w coaft of Scotland, in Invernefs-
Diire, extending 40 miles inland from
the found of Skye.
Iloujja, a town of Negroland, capital
of a country of the fame name, extend-
ing along the n fide of the Niger. It is
^00 miles R of Tombudloo. l.on. 4 20
K, lat. 16 to N.
' Uou-uheou, a city of China, of the
firft clafs, in the province of Tchc-
kiang. The quantity of filk manufac-
H U B
tured here is almoA incrediblr, and \\.\^
the chief place for making writing pen.
cils. It (lands near a large lake, calltil
Tai, no miles sK of Nan-king. Lon
lao 15 E, lat. 30 J5 M.
lloivden, a tow.i in E Yorklhirt
with a market on v«aturday. It giv«[
name to a fmall di(lri>^ called Howden*
(hire. The bifliops of Durham had
formerly a palace hero, but what re-
mains of it is now occupied as a farm.
houfe. Here is a large church, like a
cathedral, part of which is in ruins. It
is feated near the r ift, a© miles ssr
of York, and 179 n uy w of London. .
Ilnnvet Capf, the prot^iontory at the
SK end of New Holland. Lon. ij» :
E, lat. 37 32 s.
Iloxttr, a town of Weftphalia, in
the territory of Corvey, fcatcd on the
Wefer, a_:^ miles E by n of PatlerLom.
Iley, one of the Orkney idands, iitu-
ate tHetween the ifland of Pomora and
the N coaft of Caithne&fliire. It is 10
miles long and three broad. Here i« a
ftupendous rock, called the Beary^and
on the w coaft is a great conic hill,
called Hoy Head, which is a fcamark.
Lon. 3 9 w, lat. 58 46 n.
Iloya, a town of Wellphalia, capital
of a county of the fame name. It is
feated on the Wefer, 37 miles nw of
Hanover. Lon. 9 ao e. lat.^a 47 n.
Ihyert a town of Denmark, in the du-
chy of Slefwick, celebrated for itsoyfttr-
fifliery, four miles w of Tonderen.
Ilot^eniverday a town and callle of
Lufatia» on the river Elder, 17 mib
NNW of Bautzen.
Iloym, a town and caftle of Upper
Saxony, in the principality of Aiihalt,
feated on the Godel, at its jun(Sllon
with the Selke, feven miles e of Qued-
linburg.
llradisch, a town of Moravia, capital
of a circle of the fame name, which pro-
duces excellent wine. It is a frontlet
fortrefs toward Hungary, and (lands
on an ifland in the river Moraw, 30
miles ssE of Olmutz. Lon. 17 30 e,
lat. 49 7 N.
Iluaheinet one of the Society ifland?,
in the Pacific ocean, 30 leagues froin
Otaheite. It is ai miles in compafsi
and has a commodious harbour, called
Owhaire bay, on the w coaft. Lon.
15 » 8 w» lat. 16 44 s.
Jftihert, St. a town ot the Nether.
lands, in Luxemburg, with a celebrated
abbey, feated in the fon-ft of Ardennes,
on the rivulet Homme, 14 miles w of
Baftogiie.
Ilubertsbeig, a town of Upper Sax.
pny, in Mifnia, >\'ith a maii;aiiicent
HUD
lontinf-feat, built by Auguftus iii,
thtii eletloral prince. A peace was
concluded htro between the kings of
PrulTia and Poland, and the emprcfa
queen. It is as >niifs e of Lcipfic.
UudJerjjSfMt a town in W Yorklhire,
with a market on Tuefday. Here is a
large circular halU in which narrow and
broad cloths, forges, kerfeymerea, &c.
manufailuied in the town and neigh-
bourhood* are weekly expofed to fale.
Itftands on the Colne, three ntiles from
the Caldcr, from which it has a canal
to Alhton-under-Line. It is ^ • miles
sw of York, and 189 nnw of London.
HuJion, a river of the United States,
, which pafiis its whole courfe of 350
miles in the ftate of N York. It riles
between the lakes Ontario and Cham-
plain, flows 8 by Laufenburg, Albany,
and Hudfon, and enters the Atlantic
I ocean at New York. It is navigable
for fliips to Hudfoh, and for floops to
Albany.
Hudson, a city of New York, in Co-
lumbia county. The ftreets are fpa-
cious, and crofs each other at right
angles; and the houfes are fupplied
with water brought in pipes from a
fpring two miles diftant. The trade
isconfiderable, and veflels of the hirgeft
fize can unload here. It is feated on
I an eminence, on the e fide of Hudfon
I river, 30 miles s of Albany, and i so n
I of New York. Lon. 73 56 w, lat. 42 16 n.
Hudson Bat/, a bay of N America,
I lying between 5 1 and 69 n latitude,
liifcovered in 16 10 by captain Henry
Hudfon. This intrepid mariner, in
iearching after a nw paflage to the
Pacific oce.in, difcovered three ilraits,
through wliicii he hoped tu find out a
new way to Alia. Other attempts to-
ward a difcovery of that paflage have
kfn fince made, but without eftetft.
The entrance of this bay, from ' the
J ocean, is between Refolution Ifle on
I the N, and the Labrador coall on the s,
1 forming the E extremity of the ftrait,
diltinguilhed by the name of its great
difcoverer. This bay communicates
on the N, by two ftraits, with Baflin
bay; on the e fide it is bordered by l^a-
brador, on the sw by New S Wales,
and on the w by New N Wales- 'I'hefe
cfuntries, included under the name of
New Britain, abound with animals
whole Ikins and furs are far fupcrior in
quality to thofe found in lefs northerly
legions. The natives are called l^lcjui-
iiiaux, and northern Indians; and are
materially different from all the fouth-
I em tribes. In j6;o, a charter was
Uranted to a company^ for the cxclufive
HUE
trade to this Lay. This company pof-
fefs three forts, on the s coaft of Jamea
bay, by which name the s part of Hud-
fon bay is dijlinguillicd ; thefe facitorics
are called Kiipcrt, Moole, and Albany,
but the former has been abandoned.
On the w fide of Hudfon bay, up Hayes
river,. is a fadtory called Flamborough:
and to the n of this is York Fort and
Prince of Wales Fort. In December
i;7o, Mr. Heame, in the fcrvice of the
Hudfon Bay Company, fet out from
Prince of Wales Fort to explore a river,
that the Efquimaux, who came to
the company's fa(5tories to trade, had
brought to their knowledge ; and which,
on account of much copper being found
near it, had obtained the name of Cop-
per-mine River. Under the convoy of
thofe Indians, he arrived at this river
in June 1771, and traced it till he cann;
in fight of the Ardtic ocean, finding it
encumbered with ihoals and a bar at
it<> n-.uuth, which is in lon. 119 w, lat.
1i N. In 1789, Mr. Mackenzie, an-
other officer of the company, explored
the country ftill more to the weft ward ;
and entering a river (now called after
his name) which is the outlet of the
Slave-lake, he traced it to its mouth in
the Ar«5tic ocean, where it forms a wide
eftuary in lon. 135 w, lat. 71 n.
JludivicJtstwaJd, a feaport of Sweden,
the chief town of Helfingia, with a
good harbour, on the gulf of Bothnia.
The inhabitants carry on an advantage-
ous trade in timber, flax, linen, butter,
fiih, &c. It is 185 miles n by w of
Stockholm. Lon. 17 46 e, lat. 62 6 n.
Iltstf or Huefot the capital of Cochin-
china, with a royal palace. The inha-
bitants blacken their teeth, thinking it
a fliame to have them white, like dogs.
It is feated in a beautiful plain, and dir
vided into two parts by a large river, 30
miles from its mouth, in the China Tea.
Lon. 107 85 E, lat. 16 25 w.
lluthia^ a town of Spain, in Andalu-
fia, on the coaft of the Atlantic, be-
tween the L'ouths of the Odiel and
Tinto, ss miles w of Seville.
Nuen, an ifland in the Baltic, three
miles from the coaft of Sweden, and
nine sse of Elfinorc. It is fix miles in
circumference, and was ceded by the
Danes to the Swedes, in 1658. It has
one ficattered village ; and here was the
obfei-vatory of the celebrated Tycho
Brahe. See Uranibur^.
JIuescff, a town of Spain, in Arragor,
and a bifiiop's fee, with a univerfity.
It is sfeated on the IlTuela, ^^ miles n e
of J-'aragofia. Lon. o 25 \vj Int. 4s 8 n.-
JJutscar, a town of Spain, in Grar
X 3
HUL
fiadiif with « caftle» 41 milfi nb of
Otiadix.
IFuessfHf a town of Holland, in Gel-
derland, icatcd on the Rhine* fcven
miles N F. of Nimeguvn.
Ilueta. Sec Guetm.
Ituetinbergt a town of Germany, In
Carinthia, 20 miles nnb of Clagenrart.
llu^ntefit a town of Suabia, in the
principality of Furdenburg, four miles
NNw of Fiirftenburg.
, Slughesburg. See Catanuessy.
HutUehin^ a town of Silcfia, near the
river Oppa, 13 miles b of Troppau.
//»//, or Kif^ttOH upon llullf a bo-
rough and feaport in E Yorkfhire, with
a market on Tuefday and Saturday- It
was built by Edward i, who called it
Kingfton, and is feated on the W fide of
the river Hull (over which is a modern
Hone bridge) near its entrance into the
Humber. It is a. county of itfelf, go.
verned by a mayor, and has two parifh
churches. In 1 801 the number oi^inha-
bitants was 27,616. It is fortified, and
was the firft town that fhut its gates
again ft Charles i. The commerce of
this place is confiderable, and it is
deemed the fourth port in the king-
dom. -Befide its communication with
the Yorkshire rivers and canals, it has
accefs alfo to the Trent, and all its
branches; that it has the import and
export trade of many of the northern
and midland counties. The foreign
trade is chiefly to the Baltic; but it has
traffic with the fouthem parts of Eu-
rope, and with America. More ftiips
are fent hence to Greenland than from
any other port, that of London except-
ed. The harbour is artificial; and
here are docks for building and r«pair-
ing Ihips. Among the public buildings
are the Trinity-houfe, for the relief of
feamen and their widows, an armoury,
a naval ftorehoufe, a cuftomhoufe, and
an exchange. Hull is 37 milen se of
York, and 170 n of London. Lon. o
i8w,lat. 5345 N.
Hulledyfura, a town of Hindnoftan,
in Canara, feated in a plal:i of rice-
ground, to the E of a confiderable
creek, which runs N from the entr.nncc
into Honawera lake, 54 miles n by w
ofKundapura.
Hulperit a town of the Netherlands,
in Brabant, 10 miles se of BrulTels.
Ilulstt a town of the Netherlands, in
the late Dutch Flanders, ftrong by its
fituation and fortifications. It was
ihamefully funendered to the French
in X747, and taken by them in 1794.
It is feated on a plain, which may be
overflowed, and as a canal that com*
HUN
municatei with the Scheldtf u miL,
www of Antwerp.
Ilumker, a river formed by the junc
tion of the Trent and Oufe. it j, ,
large eftuarv, which divides Yorkftin
from Lincomlhire, and enters the Qq.
man ocean, at Spurn Head.
f/nmmeljtfwn, a town of Pennfy].
vania, in Dauphine county, on the i
fide of the Swetara, which riinj into
the Sufquebanna, 10 miies e by n of
Harrilburg, and 1 10 w of Wafhington.
^ Hummocht a finall ifland in the In.
dian ocean, 16 miles s of Mindanao.
Lon. 135 la K, lat. 5 37 n.
Ihndtmartk, a town of Oermanr,
in Stiria, near the river Muehr, 17 miin
w by .s of Judenburg.
lime/eld, a town of Germany, in the
principality r f Fulda, with a collegiate
church, lomii'.A ^ of Fulda.
Ilungarj, a ki.igdom of Europt,
bounded on the v by Poland and Si-
lefia, w by Moravia, Auftria, and Sti>
rin, s by Sclavonia and Servia, and i by
Walachia and Tranfylvania. It it di.
vidcd into Upper and Lower Hungary ;
and to thefe may be added the Bann'it
of Tcmefwar, incorporated into the
kingdom of Hungary in 1778. Hun-
gary formerly included Tranfylvania,
Sclavonia, Dalmatia, Servia, and Walj.
chia. The principal rivers are, the
Danube, Save, Drave, Trefle, Marts,
Raab, and Waag. The air is unheal*
thy, occafioned by the lakes and bogs;
but it abounds in all the neceflariei of
life, and the wine, efpecially that called
Tockay, is excellent. There are minei
of gold, filver, copper, and iron ; and
alfo of opal, at C/erweniza, which gem
is peculiar to this country. There is
fuch plenty of game, that hunting is
allowed to all. The inhabitants are
well fhaped, generous, and brave, but
haughty and revengeful ; and are efti-
mated at feven millions. The trade
principally confifts in cattle, hogs, ilieep,
flour, wheat, rye, wool, and wine;
and thefe are Klmoft wholly fent to the
Auftrian provinces. The kingdom of
Hungary can eafily raife an army of
100,000 men. The horfemcn are call-
ed Pluifars, and the foot Heydukes
Almoft all the towns of Hungary have
two names, the one German and the
other Hungarian ; and the language is
a dialc(ft of the Sclavonian. The go-
vernment is hereditary in the houfeof
Auftria, and the eftablifhed religion i)
popery, though there are a great num-
ber of proteftants. No country in the
world is better fupplied with mineral
waters and baths; and tbofc of Buda,
HUN
tfiitn the Turki were in poflenion of
it, wtre reckoned the fineft in Europe.
Buda it the capital of Lower Hungary,
and Preftufg of the Upper.
lIuHXfiit A town of Germany, In
Wetteravia, and county of Solma-Braun-
Mi.H nailei ib of Wctzlar.
Uuiigtr/ord, a town in Berk(hire«
with a market on Wednefday, and a
good trade by ita canal navigation.
John of Oauntt duke of Lancafter,
K anted it a charter by the gift of a
lb bugle horn, which is blown annual-
ly fur the inhabitants to eleft the eon-
ftabie, who is the chief officer. It is
feated on the Kennet, as miles ssw of
Abingdon, and 64 w of London.
llwingutHt a fortified town of France,
ia the department of Upper Rhine,
ftatcd on the Rhine, two miles k of
Bif«l,and 14 b of Altkirch.
llunmanbyt a tawn in £ Yorkfliire,
with a market on Tuefday, 34 miles ne
of York, and 309 n of London.
Hantingdon, a town of New York,
in Suffolk county, Long Ifland, fituate
on a bay, in the found, 38 miles e by n
of New York.
IIuntin^doM, a town of PennfyWania,
capital of a mountainous county of the
fame numt, which abounds with lime-
flone, iron, and lead. It is fituate on
the Juniatta, at the mouth of Standing
Stone creek, aj miles wsw of Lcwil-
tewn. Lon. 78 15 w, lat. 40 22 n.
Htmtins;ilon, a, borough and the ca-
pital of Huntingdonfliire, governed by
3 mayor, with a market on Saturday,
and a great trade in corn. It was once
a large place, faid to have had 15
churches, which are now reduced to
two; and there are the cemetries of
two other pariihes, in one nf which is
an ancient Aeeple. On an eminence
near the town ftood a caftle, erected by
Edward the elder. Huntingdon. is the
birthplace of Oliver Cromwell. It is
feated on a rifing ground, on the river
Oufe, over which is a ftone bridge to
Godmanchefter, 16 miles wnw of Cam-
bridge, and 59 N by w of London.
Lon. 05 w, lat. 5a 17 n.
Huntingdonshire^ a county of Eng-
land, J5 miles long and ao broad ;
bounded on the nw and n by North-
araptonihire, E by Cambridgeftiire,
and 8w by Bedfordfhire. It contains
:4o,ooo acres; is divided into four
hundreds, and 78 parifhes ; and has
fix market-towns. The number of in-
habitants in 1 80 1 was 37,568, and it
fends four members to parliament.
The principal rivers are the Oufe and
Nen. The 8E part confifts of beautiful
HU R
meadows. The middle Ind weftern
parts are fertile in com, and fprinklcd
with woods ; and the upland part was
anciently a foreft, peculiarly adapted
for hunting. The nk part confifta of
fens, which join thofe ot Ely; but they
are drained, fo as to alTurd rich paftur-
age, and even large crops of corn. Ia
the midft of them are fome flialiow
pools, abounding with fifli ; and a hike
fix miles long and three broad, called
Whittlefea.mere. The chief commo-
dities are corn, malt, and cheefe ; and
it fattens abundance of cattle.
JIuntleu, a town of Scotland, in
Aberdeeninire, with a manufaAure of
linen cloth ; feated on the Bogie, near
its conflux with the Devcron, 35 miles
NW of Aberdeen.
llunupillf a town in Somerfetihiri^,
at the mouth of the Parret, in Bridge-
water bay, feven miles k of Bridge-
water, and 143 w by s of London.
JlunOviHe, a town of N Carolina, oa
Yadkin river, 30 miles N of Salifbury,
and 90 w of Hilllborough.
Ilurdwar, a town of Hindooflan, in
the province of Delhi, where the Gan-
ges firll enters the country. It is loe
miles N by e of Delhi. Lon. 78 23 c,
lat. 29 55 N.
Huron, a lake of N America, which
lies between 80 and 85 w lon. and 4a
and 46 M lat. It has a communication
with Lake Michigan, to the w, by the
llrait of Michilimakinac ; with Lake
Superior to the nw, by the Itrait of St.
Mary ; and with Lake Erie to the s, by
the (trait of Detroit. Its ihape is near-
ly triangular, 250 miles in length, and
its circumference 800 miles. On the
N fide is a chain of iflands 150 mil^s
long, called- Manitoualin by the Indians,
who confider them as facred. Cn the
sw fide is Saguina Bay, extending 45
miles into the country of the United
States ; and a little more to the nw is
Thunder Bay, fo called from the fre-
quent thunder that is heard there. At
the entrance of the (trait of St. .Mary is
the ifland St. Jofeph, about 75 miles in
circumference, on the s extremity of
which is a handforae fort, belonging to
the Britifh government. The Chippe-
way Indians live fcattered around this
lake ; and on its banks are found great
quantities of fand cherries-
Hunt VastUy a fortrefs in Hamp«
fhire, four miles s of Lymington. It
ftands on the extreme point of a neck
of land, which ihoots two miles into the
fea toward the ifle of Wight, from
which it is diftant one mile. In this
caftle Charles i was confined previuufly
*i^\
■m
JAB
to his being brought to trial. Lon. i 33
w, lat. 50 4» V.
i/w, or Hujsu, a town of European
JTurkcy, in Moldavia, the iV'c of a
iurcek billiop. Here Peter the great
made peace with the Turks. It is fitu-
aie on the Prutb, 70 miles sw of Bender.
Lon. afl 34 B, lat. 46 35 n.
Hussingabadf a town of Hindooftan,
in the province of Malwa, but on the s
fide of the Nerbudda, and the frontiers
of Nagpour, the eaftern. divifion of the
Mahratta empire. It is 140 miles nw
of Nagpour. Lon. 77 54 E, lat. xa 4a n.
Huium,A feaport of Denmark, in the
duchy of Slefwick, with a ftrong citadel,
oppofite the illand of Nordftrand. It
has a trade in horfes and oxen, and ma-
nufactures of leather, cotton, and linen.
It ftands on the river Ow, near the Ger-
man ocean, so miles w of Slefwick.
Lon. 9 20 E, Tat. 54 36 n.
Huttany, a town of Hindooftan, in
the country of Vifiapour, 30 miles ssw
of Vifiapour. Lon. 75 6 e, lat- 17 5 n.
Ilutiveil, a town of Swiflcrland, in
the canton of Bern, 16 miles ne of Bern.
Huy, a town of the Netherlands, in
the territoiy of Liegu, with many paper
mills, and iion founderies. The confe-
derates reduced it in 1706, and the
Dutch retained it till 1718, when they
demolifhcd the fortifications, and fur-
rendered it to the bilhop. It is feated
on the Maefe, 1 a miles wsw of Liege.
Ilydrabad^ a city of Hindooftan, ca-
pital of Golconda, and the metropolis
of the Deccan. It is furrounded by
walls with towers, and fiippofcd to
contain upward of 100,000 inhabitants.
The fuburbs, which 9'-(; very large, are
occupied by merchants and tiadefmen.
It (lands in a plain, on a river that runs
into the Kiftna, 310 miles nnw of Ma-
dras. Lon. 78 5 a E, lat.- 17 16 N.
Ilt/drabad, a fort of Hindooftan, in
the province of Miidy, and the ufiial re-
fidence of the prince of Sindy ; fituate
near the Indus, fix miles E of Nufler-
pour, and 62 ne ofTitta.
llypoUw, St. a tf)wn of France, in
the depjirlmcnt of Gard, feated on tlie
Vidourle, near its fouice, la miles sw
of Alai.s.
Jfy/>olite, St. a town of France, in the
dt'pnrtment of Dou!;s, on the river
Doub?, 40 milefi i- isy n of BeHin^on.
JJi/tbe. See liit/ie.
I. .1.
Jabluuknu, a town of Moravia, in the
circle of Tclthcn, with a fort near it,
J A F
which defends a defile toward Hnn.
gary. It is feated on the river Elfa,
between high mountains, la milei ksg
of Tefchen.
Jaca% a town of SfMin, in Arragon,
and a bifliop's fee, with a fort. It it
feated on a river of the fame name,
among the mountains of Jaca, which
are a part of the Pyrenees, jz miles n
by E of Saragoffa. Lon. o 34 w, lat. 4;
aS N.
Jii-i d'.4quila, a town of Sicily, in
Val di Demona, 10 miles nne of Ca<
tania.
Jacksonsborougbi a town of S Can>>
lina, on the e Tide of the Edifto, 35
miles w of Charlefton.
Jaejti a fortified city of Spain, in An.
dalufia, and a biOiop's fee, with 2
caftle. It is feated in a country pro.
ducing excellent fruit and very fine filk,
at the foot of a mountain, on the river
Guadalbullon, 60 miles e by s of Cor*
dova. Lon. 3 27 w, lat. 37 38 n.
Jaffui a town of Syria, in Paleftine,
formerly a celebrated city, called Jop'
pa, but entirely fallen from its ancient
grandeur, being laid waftc in the time
of the crufades. It is fituate near the
Mediterranean, on an eminence in the
form of a fugar-loaf, on the fummit of
which is a fmall citadel ; and the houfcs
diftributed along the fide appear rifing
above each other, like the feats of an
amphitheatre. The bottom of the hill
is furrounded by a wall, with battle-
ments ; and it is environed by gardens, I
which produce lemons, oranges, and
citrons of a prodigious fize. The road
is defended by a caftle, on a rock ; and
the harbour is now too ihallow to ad.
mit large veflels. The principal com-
merce is in grain, particularly rice from
Egypt. In 1799. it was taken by the
French, under Bonaparte, with feme
difficulty and much bloodflicd; but
they held pofleflion forty days only.
According to fir Richard Wilfon, the
conqueft was followed by the malTacre
of 3800 prifoncTs; and that 5 Bo French
foldiers, fick in the hofpital, were
poiibiied witli opium by the command
of their general. It is 35 milts ssw of
Acre. Lon. 35 10 e, lat. 3*5 n.
Jnffiereibad, a town of Hindooftan,
in the country of Berar, 40 miles nnk
of Aurungabad; and 60 s of Burhan-
pour.
Jaffrabad, a town of Hindooftan, in
Guzerat, near the mouth of a river,
noted for large oyftcrs, zy miles exe of
Diu.
.hfnapatamt a feaport of Ceylon,
whence are exported great quantities of
JAG
tnbaccot and f''^""*^ elephants, which nre'
accounted the moft docile of any in tlie
world. The Dutch took it from the
Portugucfe in 1658; and it was taken
by the Englift in 1 795 . It ftands at the
y end of the ifland, loo miles n of
Candy- Lon. 80 10 e, lat. 9 45 n.
Ja/^arnautri town of Hindooftan, in-
the pcovince of Orifla. Here is a fa-
jnous pagoda, one of the firft objeds of
Hindoo veneration, and an excellent
feamark. It Hands on the bay of Ben-
gal, 43 tniles s of Cattack^ Lon. 86 6
E, laU 19 50 N.
Jagerndorf, a town and caftle of
SileCa, capital of a province of the
lame name; feated on the Oppa, 13
miles Nw of Troppau. Lon. 17 44 e,
lat. 50 o N.
Jagertburgt a town of Germany, m
the principality of Hefle-Darmftadt, 13
miles ssw of Darmftaidt.
Jaghire, a diitrift of Hindooftan, in
the Camaiic, fubjeft to the Englifli E
India Company. It extends 108 miles
along the coaft.. from Alemparvi* on the
s to Lake Pullicate on the n , and is 47
miles inland in the widcft part. M adras
is the chief place. -
Jago, St. the larceft and moft fertile
of the Cape Verd iflands, 10 miles long
and five broad. It abounds with high
barren mountains ; and the air, in the
rainy feafoiT, is unwholefome to ftran-
pers. 'I'he animals arc beeves, horfes,
aflt's, mules, deer, goats, hogs, civet-
cats, and monkeys. Here are fowls
and birds of almoft all forts ; and maize,
plantains, bananas, pompions, oranges,
lemons, tamai'inds, pineapples, cocoa-
nuts, guavas, tar, apples, and fugar-
canes. It has alfo fomc cedar-trees,,
and plenty of cotton. Ribeira Grande
is the capital, but the governor relides
at Porto Praya.
Jago, St. the capital of ChiU, and a
bidiop's fee, with n good harbour, and a
royal audience. Befide the cathedral,
there are three parifli churches, and
eight monailcries. The inhabitants,
upward of 30,000. are native Americans
and Spaniards. Here are feveral canals,
and a dike, by means of which they
water the gardens and cool the ftroets.
It is feated in a beautiful plain, abound-
ing in all the necellaries of life, at the
toot of the Andes, on the river Ma-
pucho. Lon. 71 45 w, lat. 34 10 s.
Jago, St. a town of Mexico, capital
of Veragua. It has an elegant hofpital,
and (lands in a fertile country, which
produces mai/e, plantains, &c. with
abundance of cattle. It is 130 miles
sw of Porto Bello. Lon. « i 14 w, lat.
8 i8 \.
JAM
'JeiXo, St. a fortified feaport on the »
coaft of Cuba, and a bifliop's Tee, with a
good harbour ; fituate on a bay, about
fix miles from the Tea. Lon. 76 10 w,
lat. ao 5 N.
Jaffo dt loi Cavalleros, St- a town o?
Hifpaniola, in a fertile foil, on the river
St. Jagn, 70 milett from its mouth, and
90 NNW of St. Domingo. Lop. 70 ^H
W, lat. 19 32 N.
Jago de Compestellat St- See Com-
postella.
Jago del Estero, St. the capital of
Tucuman, and a bifliop's fee. The vi-
cinity produces plenty of wheat, rice,
barley, fruit of all forts, particularly figs
and raiiins. It is feated on the Dulce,
560 miles N N w of Buenos Ayres. Lou.
6s low, lat. 28 o s.
Jago de Nexapoy St. a town of
Mexico, in Guaxrca, fituate in the val-
ley of Ncxapa, 65 miles ese of Guax-
aca.
Ja^o de lot l^'alles, St. a town of
Mexico, in the province of Panuco;
feated on the river Panuco, 170 miles
N by E of Mexico. Lon. 99 56 w, lat.
22 30 N.
Jago de la VegOt St. or SpanUh'totvnt
a town of Jamaica, where the legiJla-
tive aflembly and the grand courts of
juftice are held. It is feated in a pleafant
valley, on the river Cobre, 16 miles wxw
ofKingfton.
Jagodtm, a town of European Tur-
key, in Servia., leated on the Morava,
70 miles S3E of Belgrade.
Jaicaiay a town of European Turkey,
in Bofnia, with a ftrong citadel, feated
on the Plena, 50 miles nr of Serai.
Jaiutskoi. See Takutsk.
Jalalabad, a town of Hindooftan, in
the country of Cabul, fituate on the
K.imeh, 60 miles tsE of Cabul.
JalUndar, a town of Hindooftan, ca-
pital of a diftri«5t of the fame name, in
the country of Lahore. It is 80 mil«;8
E by s of Lahore. Lon. 74 10 E, lat.
30 50 N.
Jalonitza, a town of European Tur-
key, in Walachia, on a river of the
fame name, 91; miles sw of Ifmael.
Jalottr, a town of Hindooitaii, in the
country of ikgimere, fituate on a moun-
tain difficult of accefs, 85 miles wnw
of Cheitore. Lon. 73 40 e, lat. 25
35 N.
Jamagorod, a town of Ruflia, in tho
government of Peterftjurg, with a ftrong
fort, ieated on the Jama, 12 miles ne
of Narva.
Jamaica, an ifland of the W Indies,
difcovered by Columbus, in 1494. It
lies 30 leagues w of Hifpaniola, nearly
the fame diftance s of Cuba, and is uf
|: '■;
JAM
•n OTal fifurcj t/o miles long and' 60
broad. It is divided into three coun-
ties* MiddlefeXi Surry« and Cornwall;
^d contains upwaid of 41000,000 acres,
ridge of hills runs lengthwife from E
w, whence numerot^ rivers take
their rife on both fides; and though
none of them are navigable, even tor
barges, yet the fugars are carried upon
many of them in canoes from the re-
mote plantations to the feafide: fome
of them run under ground for a confi-
dcrable fpace* particularly the Cobre
and Pedra. The mountains, and a
great part of the ifland, are covered
with many different kinds of trees; fuch
as lignum vitx, cedar, mahogany, &c.
always green. In the valleys are fugar-
canes, and fuch a variety of fruit*ti i»,
as to make the country look like a pa-
radlfe. But to balance this, there are
alligators in the rivers; giiianoes and
galliwafps in the fens and marfhes; and
fnakes and noxious animals in the
mountains. The year is diiUnguiflied
into two feafons, the wet and dry ; but
the rsins are not f(? frequent as former-
ly, which is fuppofed to be owing to
the cutting dowh of t^e woods- About
nine in the morning it u fo intolerably
hot, that it would be difficult to live, if
the eafterly breeze did not arife to cool
the air Sooietimes the nights are pret-
ty cool, and there are great dews,
which are deemed unwholefome, efpe-
cially tn new corners. The months of
July, Augitft, and September, are call-
ed Uie hurricane months, bedaufe then
thev are the moft frequent ; and there
is fighting almoft every night. Not
above a third part of the ill and is inha>
bited, for the pl^antations are along the
coafts. Here and there are favannas,
or large plains, where the original na-
tives ufed to plant their corn, and
which the Spaniards made ufe of for
breeding their cattle. The beft houfes
are generally built low, on account of
the hurricanes and earthquakes ; and the
Negros huts, made of reeds, will hold
only two or three perfons. The com-
mon drink is Madeira wine, or rum
pangb. The common bread, or that
which ferves for it, is plantains, yams,
and caifava- roots: but, in 1793, a great
number of the bread-fruit trees were
brought here from Otaheite, and intro-
duced into tlie different plantations.
Hugs and Hieep are plentiful ; but the
fervants generally feed upon Irifh fait-
beef, and the Negros have herrings and
fnlt-fifti. The general produce of this
ifland is fiigar, rum, molaflfes, ginger,
cotton, indigo, pimenta, cocoa, coffee,
fevcral kinds of woods, and medicinal
JAM
drugf. It has fume tobsoeo, bot obt
good, and ufed only by the Negroi,
vfho can fcarcely lire Without it ; alfo
maize, Guinea corn, and peat of varioui
kinds, with variety of roots. Fruits are
in great plenty, fuch as oranges, lemons,
{haddocks, citrons, pomegranates, pine,
apples, prickly-pears, melons, pompi.
ons, guavas, and many other forts. "I^
firft fettlement on this ifland was made,
in 1J09, by, the Spaniards, who were
cruel to the natives; but none of their
bloody fettlements fupported them-
felves, except that of St. Jago de b
Vega. This ifland was taken by the
Englifli in 1655, ^nd »« now the m^
valuable of their W India colonies.
The number of white inhabitants in
1787 was 30,000, free blacks 10,000,
Maroons 1406, and flaves 350,000.
The. value of the flaves, the landed pro-
perty, and buildings to which they are
appurtenant, and that of the veflels em-
ployed in trade, is eftimated at 39 mil.
lions fterling. The government of Ja.
maica is one of the richeft places, next
to that of Ireland, in the difpofal of the
crown: the ftanding falary is 2500!.
and the aflcmbly commonly vote as
much more to the governor, which,
with other perquifites, make it little
lefs than io,oool. a year. In June
1795, the Maroons, or original natives,
who inhabit the mountains, rofeagainft
the Engliih, and were not quelled till
March 1796. St. Jago de la Vega is
the feat of government, but Kingfton it
the capital.
Jamaica, a town of New York,
chief of Queens county, Long Ifland,
with three churches, i a miles £ by s of
New York.
Jamalahad, a town of Hindooftan, in
Canara, with a fort on the fummitofan
immenfe rock, which is only accelTible
by one narrow way. l"he town ft?nds
on the banks of a river, 30 miles ene
of Mangalore.
Jamama, a town of Arabia, capital
of a diftridl of the fame name, lying w
of the province of Bahrin. It is feat-
ed on the river Aftan, 140 miles sw of
Lachfa. Lon. 46 8 e, lat. 25 5 if.
Jambiy the capital of a fmall kingdom
on the E coaft of the ifland of Sumatra.
The Dutch have a fort here, and ex.
port pepper hence, with the beft fort
of canes. The town is large, and fitu*
ate inland, on a river navigable for
boats, 160 miles n by e of Bencoolen.
Lon. loa 45 e, lat. i la s.
Jambo, a town of Arabia Deferta,
with n good harbour, on the Red fca,
85 miles ssw of Medina. Lon. 37 X9h
lat. a4j N.
JAP
James, a river of Virginia, Tvbich rifes
^ tlve w fide of the Blue ridge of the
Allegany mountains* and flowing e
through the ftate, enters Chefapeak
bay, near Hampton.
Jams Hay- i>ee Hudson Batf.
James island, an ifland of Atrica, 30
niiles lip the river Gambia, and three
miles ftom its neareft (hore. Here the
Engliftj hare a fort and faftory. Lon.
,6oW,lat. 13 15 N.
Janus Island, an ifland of S Carolina,
on the s fide of Charlefton harbour, op-
pofite Charlefton.
Jamestown, a town of Virginia, feat-
ed in a peninfula, on the n flde of
Tames river, eight miles ssw of Wil-
liamlburg.
Jamestown, a borough of Ireland, m
the county of Leitrim, feated on the
Shannon, five miles s by E of Cartick,
and 73 NW of Dublin.
Jamets, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Meufe, I a miles s of Ste-
nay-
Jamslo, a town of Sweden, m the
province of Blekingen, 3 a miles w of
Carlfcrona.
Jama, a province of European Tur-
key, bounded on the n by Macedonia,
B by the Archipelago, s by Livadia, and
w by Albania. It is the Theflaly of
the ancients, and Larifih is the capital.
Janna, a town of l-'uropcan Turkey,
in the province of the fame name, 6a
miles w of LaiiflTa. Lon. ai 36 e, lat.
39 4^ '*•
* Janoivitt, a town of Bohemia, in the
circle of Pilfen, on the river liradawkei
j8 miles ssw of Pilfen.
Janville, a town of France, in the
department of Eun; and Loir, xo miles
SE of Chnrtres.
ho-tcheon, a city of China, in the
province of Kiang-fi, feated on the
river Po, near its entrance into tjie lake
Poyang, 40 miles ne of Nan-tchang.
Jai>an, an empire in the moft eaftern
part of Afia, extending fiom lon. 131 to
142 e. and from lat. 30 to 41 n. It is
compofed of feveral illands,* the princi-
pal and moft northern of which is
Niphon. The whole empire is divided
into feven principal diftri^s, which are
fubdivided into 70 provinces ; and the
population is, in proportion to extent,
deemed equal to that of China. It is
the richeft country in the world for
gold } there are alio rich filver mines,
and fine copper is the main fource of
the wealth of many provinces. It pro-
duces a great deal of rice, which is
reaped in September; and millet, wheat,
and barley, which are cropped in May.
J A?
Cedain are common, and fo largfe thaf
they are proper fcrr the mafts of (hips
and columns for temples. The rocks
and moft barren places produce a va^.
riety of fruits, plants, and roots. TW/^.
woods and forefts, and long ridges 8^
mountains, with which the country is
interfcfled, produce good pafturage*
and are ftocked with deer, oxen, bnffa-
los, hogs, and a few horfes ; but there
are no ftieep nor goats. Here are lai-ge
quantities of fine porcelain, filk,andfltin8,
as alfo red pearls, which are not in left,
efteem than the white. The Japanefe
are of a yellowifli complexion all over ;
their heads are in general large, their
necks fhort, and their hair black, thick,
and Ihining, from the ufe they make of
oils ; their eyes are fmall, of a dark brown
colour, and funk deep in the head, and"
the eyelids form in the great angle of
the eye a deep furrow, which di^rimi-
nates them from other nations ; their
eyebrows are alfo placed fomewhat.
higher; and their nofes, though not
flat, are thick and fliort. They are na-
turally ingr<?niou8, and have a happy
memory ; but their manners are dia-
metrically oppofite to thofe of the
Europeans. Their common drinks are
all hot ; they uncover the feet out of
rcfpeft, are fond of black teeth, and get
on horfeback on the left fide. Their
houfes are of wood, coloured white, and
never exceed two ftories in height ; and
the interior is divided into apartments
at pleafure, by moveable partitions
Aiding in grooves. Tliey have neither
tables, beds, nor chairs ; but fit and lie
on carpets and mats, the meal being
ferved apart to each in a bafin of por-
celain, or on a fquare falver of japanned
wood. Their food confifts almoft en-
tirely of fifh, fowl, eggs, and vegetables.
The drefs confifts of trowfers, and a
loofe robe of filk or cotton, fattened by
a girdle ; the number being incrcafed
according to the coldnefs ofthe weather ;
ftockings are not ufed ; and the (hoea
are commonly of rice ftraw. The men
ihave the head from the brow to the
nape, and the hair on the fidesis turned
up and fattened at the crown, which
forms the common covering of the
he-'d ; but conical hats mad(! of grafs
are worn on journeys. They have a
language fo peculiar, that it is undcr-
ftood by no other nation. The fciences
are highly efteemcd among them ; and
they have feveral fchools at different
places, in which are taught arithmetic,
rhetoric, poetry, hittory, and aftrono-
my. Some of their arts and manufac-
tures even furpafs thofe of Europe.
J A R
They treat the women with great ff-
vertty, and puniih adultery with death ;
p«t a man may take as many wives as
pleafes. The Japanefe are naturally
foldiers, and Ikilful. at Huioting
lb a bow : however, as they inhabit
iflands* they are feldom at war with
their neighbours. 1 hey formerly car-
ried on a trade with the neighbouring
countries ; but now all communication ia
forbidden^ except with the Cbinele and
Dutch ; and with, them only at the
port of Nangafaki. The merchandife
brought by the Dutch are fpices, fugar»
linen and woollen cloth, elephants
teeth, and haberdafhory wares ; for
which they receive gold, filver, copper,
rice, tea, fine porcelain, cabinets, and
other japanned and lackered wares.
The Japanefe are as fabulous as the
Chinefe in the antiquity of their em-
pire ; but the certain perdd begins with
the hereditary fucceflion of the eccle-
iiaftical emperors, from the year 660
before the Chriftian epoch. Their
<inperor was called dairo ; but in the
mioority of one of them, in 1150,
when they had civil wars, one of the
competitors for the crown aflumed the
vccIePiaftical government, retaining the
lame titk ; while t*>e other, who ruled
in civil affairs, was called cubo. From
that time the dairo has only been at the
bead of religious matters, while the
Cuba or fecular emperor bears an ab-
folute dominion over all civil and mili-
tary affairs. The former (till lives in
great (late and grandeur at Miaco ;
and the latter pays him a kind of ho-
mage, as if he aifted only as his deputy
or viceroy ; but, in reality, the cubo is
now tlie real monarch of Japan, and
the dairo only his high pricft. The re-
ligion of the country is paganifm ; but
there are two different feJls. There
was once a great number of Chridians
in different parts of the empire ; but,
in 1638, they underwent great pcrle-
cutions, infomuch that they were all
extirpated. The capital of the empire
is Jedo.
Japara, a feaport on the n coaft of
the illand of Java, with a good harbour.
It was the capital of a coniiderable
kingdom, till the Dutch made them-
felves maftcrs of it ; and now they have
a colony here, and a conficlorable trade.
It is 353 milfs E by s of liatavia. Lon.
no 45 E, lat. 6 20 3.
Jaquewel, a town of St. Domingo, on
a bay of its name, on the .s coaft, 33
nriilos ssw of Port an Prince.
Jargi'au, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Loirct. It was taken by
J A V
the Englifti in 1438, and retaken ty
Joan of Arc the next year. It is feated
near the Loire, ip miles ese of Or.
leans.
Jarhber/^, a town of Norway, ca-
pital ofadiftriA abounding in mints, in
the diocefe of Aggerhuys, five miles k
of Tonlberg.
Jarnact a town of France, in the de<
partment of Charente. Near this place
the duke of Anjou, afterward Henry nj,
obtained a vidtory over the Huguenots*
in 1569. It is feated on the Charente|
30 miles w of Angoulefme.
JaromitZy a town of Bohemia, feated
on the Elbe, nine miles if of Konigin-
gratz. . K
Jaron, a town of Perfia, in Farfiftan,
celebrated for abundance of palm trees
and their excellent fruit. It is 95 mile*
s. by E of Shiras. Lon. 53 10 e, Ut. i8
15 N.
Jaroslau, a town of Poland, in Red
Ruflia, with a ftrong citadel. A baule
was gained here by the Swedes, in 165 6.
after which they took the town. It is
included in the kingdom of Galicia, and
feated on the Saine, 55 miles ,w of
Lemberg. Lon. zz 43 k, lat, 50 4 n.
Jarojiaul, a government of Ruffia,
fornierly a province of the government
of Mofcow. It is 160 miles in length,
and from 30 to no in breadth. The
capital is of the fame name, and a large
commercial i>lace, with numerous ma-
nufaitures ; feated on the Wolga, 145
miles NNE of Mofcow. Lon. 39 50 t,
lat. S7 35 N.
Jasenitz, a town of Hither Pomerania,
feated on the Oder, eight miles N of
Stettin.
Jasquey a town of Perfia, in the pro-
vince of Mecran, which gives name to a
cape in the gulf of Ormus. Lon. 57 4
v), lat. 25 40 N.
Jassy, a city of European Turkey,
capital of Moldavia, and an archbiihop's
fee. In 1753, it was dtsftioyed by fire;
but is now a well fortified place, de-
fended by a caftle. The inhabitants are
eftimatcd at 12,000. It has I'.'un ft-
veral times taken in the wnrs between
the Turks and the Ruflians .i'.Auftrians;
the laft time by the latter in i;88, who
reftored it by the peace of Reichinbach
in 1790. It is feated on the '-'ruth, ip
miles NNE of Buchoreft. Lon. s; jo t,
lat. 47 8 N.
Javot an ifland of the E Indies, ly-
ing to the s of Borneo, and fi-piv.Vcd
at its w end from Sumatra, by the ftiait
of Sunda. It is fometimes called Ctxct
Java, to diftinguilh it from i>; li, Hy
fume named Little Java ; and ii> 4^^
J A V
jn!lesin length, and of various breadth,
{Ktending from 105 to 1 18 e Ion. and 6
to g s lat. The land is low, and in
feme places marlhy, near the ihore ;
but fifes in a gradual flope toward the
interior of the country, admitting in its
aicent every variety of fituation aud
verdure. The n coaft has a great many
commodious creeks, bays. harb6urs,
and towns, with many little iflands
near the (here. In former times it had
as many petty kings as there were large
towns; but ilow it has two kingdoms
only, one under the kin^ of Mataram,
and the other underthe kmg of Bantam.
The Javanefe live chiefly on. vegetable
food, and ufe no fermented liquors.
They are a barbarous, proud, and fierce
people ; of a brown complexion, (hort
coal-black hair, large cheeks, fmall eyes,
and large eyebrows. They paint their
teeth black of thedeepcft hue, except the
two middle ones, which they cover with
gold leaf; and the operation is repeated,
3S often as is neceffary, to keep them
in that ftate. The men are very robuft
and ftrong limbed ; but the women are
llnall. The men wear a piece of calico
wrapt two or three times round their
middle; and the women wear them
from their armpits down to their knees ;
but all othe;- parts are bare. The men
have two or three wives, and feveral
concubines, according to their circum-
ftances. Thofe that live near the fea-
ftde are generally Mahomxtans; but
within land they are Gentoos, abftain-
ing from flefh of all kinds. This illand
has very high mountains, particularly
the Pepper mountain on the s tide ; it
has likewife impaflable forefts and
wildernefles; but to the >f, between
Batavia and Bantam, is a very populous
country, full of rice-fields, and plenty
of fait and pepper, befide moft forts of
fruits proper to the climate. Hpre alfo
is plenty of hogs, beeves, and flieep,
with other tame animals ; and likewife
fowl, both wild and tame, in great
abundance. In the woods are large
tigers, rhinocorofes, and other wild
K'afts ; and in the rivers are crocodiles.
The air is as temperate and healthy as
in any part of the £ Indies. The ferene
fi'afon is from May till November ; and
then tlie rains begin, which lay the low
grounds under water, kill the infedts,
and continue till May. In March they
bi'gin to fow, and in July the fugar and
rice begin to ripen ; but September and
O-^ober are the beft months for all
forts of fruits. Java has a river which
rifes in the mountains, and, dividing
ilfelf into many branches* waters the
IC E
dratmjacent country : thefe afterward
re-unite, and pafs through Batavia,
dividing it into two parts. The whole
coaft of this illand is moftly under t
dominion of the Dutch; and, btfi
the native JavaAefe, it is inhabited L
Chinefe, Malayan, Amboynefe, Topa
fes, Bugafles, Timoreans, and manj
other people, brought from diftant
countries by the Dutch. In 1740, the
Dutch pretended that the Chinefe were
going to make an infunedtion, and
upo* that account dilarmed them ; and
yet, after that, they barbaroufly maf-
fafj^ed them, to the number of 30,000
m'en, women, and children, and feized
their eflfeds. Batavia is the capital.
Jauert a town of Silefia, capital of a
principality of the fame name, with a
citadel, and a large fquare, fi^' mounded
by piazzas. It is feated in a fine coun-
try, on the rivulet Jauer, 35 miles w by
s of Breflau. Lon. 16 43 e, lat. 51 » s.
Jau/nais, a town of France, in the
department of Vienne, fix miles n of
Poitiers.
Jaxtbergt a town and caftle of Fran-
conia, in the principality of Wurtzburg»
on the river Jaxt, 10 miles se of Mer-
genthcim.
Jbiia. Sec Ivica-
Ibwg, a town of Weftphalia, in the
principality of Oftiaburg, 13 miles s by
E of Ofnaburg.
Iceland^ an ifland to t^e w of Norway,
360 miles in length and 150 in breadth,
lying between 63 and 65 n lat. For
two months together the fun never
fets ; and in thef winter it never rifes for
the fame fpace, at leaft not entirely.
The iOand is mountainous, ftony, and
barren; but in fome places there are
excellent paftures. The chief rivers are
in the e part; the Skalfanda, Oxarfird,
and Bruna, all flowing from s to k.
Some are white' with lime, others fmell
of fulphur. The higheft mountains,
clothed with perpetual fnow, arc called
Yokuls ; and of thefe Snafial, hanging
over the fea on the sw coaft, is eftci^med
the higheft, b<^ing computed at 6860
feet. Mount Hecia is the moft noted
mountain, about 5000 feet in height,
and is a volcano ; but there are feveral
other volcanos, and the convulfions
caufod by them in 1783 were fo dread-
ful and multiplied, that it was feared
the illand would fall to pieces: the
eruptions were the moft tremendous of
any recorded in hiftory ; and from
Mount Shapton Gluver iflued a torrent
of lava, which flowed for fix weeks, and
ran a diftance of 60 miles to the fea, in
a breadth of nearly i z miles. The in-
J#
I E A
' bjibitanta ve eftimated at ;o,«eo. Tbeii*
hoafes ««re at a diftan.-e from each
other, and many of them deep in the
wround; but they are atl miferable
^tta, covered whh (kins. Many of the
^Intbitants profcfs Chriftianity; but
thofe that live at a diftance are pagans,
liii-y are moftly clothed with the fkink
of beaftii. The Danes trade with the
natives for hides, tallow, trainoi), whale-
bone, and feahorfes teeth, which are as
good as ivo. /. Iceland, which was
confidered by the ancients as theUltinna
Thule, or the extremity of the world,
and by us as fcarcely habitable, once
abounded in learning and fcience, at a
time when great part of Europe was
invoWed in darkncfs. Their language
was the old Gothic or Teutonic, the
vernacular tongue of theS>vedc8, Danes,
and Norwegians, before it branched
into the feveral dialcdts lince fpoken by
the natives of thefe three kingdoms.
Ithterhausent a town of Upper Sax-
o«iy, in the principality of Gotha, i»
miles ESK of Gotha.
Icohnkilli or /on<7, a famous little
ifland of Scotland* one of the Hebrides,
near the sw point of, the i lie of Mull.
It is only three miles long, and produces
beautiful white marble Here are the
ruins of an auguft nunnery, monafter^',
and cathedral, faid to have been found-
ed by St. Columba, abont the year 735 ;
alfo a fmall chapel, dedicated to St.
Oran, containing many marble tomb-
ftones of the great 'ords of the ifles ;
and adjoining it is ' cemetery, in which
many ancient kings of Scotland, Ireland,
and Norway, are buried. Other ruins
of monaAic and druidical edifices can
be traced ; and many places are point-
ed out, noted for particular aifls of St.
Columba. This ifland was the retreat
of learning, during the Gothic ignorance
■which pervaded Europe, aftei the over-
throw of the Ronfun empire, and the
leminary whence iifued thofe pieus
monks, and laymen, who again revived
learning, and propagated ChriAianity
through many kingdoms of Europe.
This place, formerly fo religious, has
now divine fervice performed only four
times in the year. The only village is
Sodo • Lon. 6 ao w, lat. 56 23 n.
Jdat a lofty and pointed mountain,
in the middle of the ifland of Cant^i.-i,
famous in ancient times as being the
pUce on which Jupiter was brought
up, and where there was a temple de-
dicated to Cybele.
/</«, a mountain of Aliatic Turkey,
in Natolia, famous in ancient fable, for
the judgment of PariS) a^d for being
<f E D-
ihe refort of the gods durinr^ the Tro..
jau war. It is 140 miles to the-w of
Olympus.
Idanha a N'uvot a town of Portugal
in Ikira, three miles sw of Idanha a
Vella.
Idanha a Fella, a town of Portugal,
in Ueira. The French took it by af.
lault in 1704. It is feated on the Pon.
ful, 45 miles e of Caftel Branco. Lon.
6 14 w, lat. 39 39 N.
Idriay a town of Germsny, in Car.
niola. celebrated for its ridi quickfiWer
mines. It v. feated amid mountains,
on thr ^Iver Idria, ao miles Ene of
Gorz.
Iditeirtt a town of Germany, in Wet-
teravia, with a caftle, the reiidence of a
branch of the houfe ofNaflau, aa miles
fiw of Wetzlar.
Jeatif St. a town of France, in the
department of Mofelle, feated on the
Sare, la miles w of Deux Ponts.
Jean d'Anf^elify St. a town of France,
In the department of Lower Charente,
with a late fine Benedidtine abbey. It
was taken from the Huguenots in i6ji,
by Lewis xiii, who demolifhed the
fortifications. It is famous for itt
brandy, and frated on the Bontonne,
15 miles KB of Saintes, and 3 a as of
Rochelle.
Jean de Losne^ St. a town of France,
in the department of C6te d'Or, feated
on the Saone, 15 miles sse of Dijon.
Jean de Lur, St. a town of France, in
the department of Lower Pyrenees, the
latl next Spain, with a harbour. It
owes its opulence to the cod and whale
fifhery, and is feated on a fmall river,
near tlie bay of Bifcay, i a miles sw of
Bayonnc. Lon. i 40 w, lat. 43 25 n.
Jean de Maurienne, St. a town of
Savoy, capital of the county of Mau-
rienne, and a bifhop's fee. It is feated
on the river Arc, 25 miles ene of Gre-
noble. Lon. 6 ao E, lat. 45 17 ".
Jean Pied de Port, St.' a town of
France, in the department of Lower
Pyrencps, defended by a citadel, upon
an eminence, at the entrance of thofe
palTagcs, or defiles, in the Pyrenees,
which, in this country, are called Poi s.
It is feated on the river Nive, 20 mile:
SSE of Bayonne, and 30 nb of Pampe-
luna.
Jed, a river of Scotland, in Roxburg-
fhire, which rifes on the borders of
England, and joins the Teviot, a little
below Jcdburg. On its banks are fe-
veral large caverns, which were the
hiding places of ancient border-wat'
riors.
Jedburgi a borough of Scotland, ca»
J E L
pita! of Roxburgfliire. Here is the
ruin of a fine abbey, part of which has
|)een made the pariih church. The
woollen manufadlure has lately revived
here, and the vicinity is noted for its
orchards. It is Htuate on the Jed, near
its conflux with the Teviot, 42 miles
sE of Edinbiirg. Lon. 2 28 w, lat.
></«, the capital of the empire of
Japan, fitnate on the se fide of Niphon,
the largeft of the Japanefe iflands. The
city has neither walls nor rampasts, is
nine miles in length and fix in breadth,
anil contains t,ooo,ooo inhabitants. The
houfes are built of earth, and boarded
on the outfide, to prevent the r?!n from
deftroying the walls. In every ftreet is
an iron gate, vvhich is (hut up in the
night, and a kind of cuftomhoufe, or
magazine, _ for merchandife. A fire
happened in 1658, which, in the fpace
of48 hours, burnt down 100,000 houfes,
and the emperor's palace; but the
whole is rebuilt. The imperial palace
i3 furrounded by walls and ditches with
drawbridges, forming of itfelf a con-
fiderable town, in the middle of the
city. Vv iier.* the emperor refides arc*
three towers, nine ftories high, each
covered with plates of gold ; and the
hall of audience h fupported by pillars
of mafly gold. Near the palace are
feveral others, where the jelations of
the emperor live. The emprefs has a
palace of her own, and there are so
imall ones for the concubines. Befides,
all the vaffal kings have each a palace
in the city, with a handfome garden.
The houfes of the common clafs are
nothing but ground floor, the rooms
partetl by foldmg fcreens ; fo that they
can be made larger or fmaller at plea-
fiire. Jedo is feated in a plain at the
head of a fliallow bay, and a river
which paflTes through it fupplies feveral
canals. Lon. 139 30 e, lat. 36 10 n.
Jeguttt a town of Fra.nci?, iii the de-
partment of Gers, eight miics NNW of
Auch,and 13 s of Condom.
JehuJ, or Joud, mountains in the
!»w part of Hindooftan, extending eaft-
ward from Attock to Behnbur. They
are part of the territory of the moun-
taineers caUcd Gickers, Gchkers, or
Kakaies.
Jeii/I, a fmall ifland of N America,
on the coaft of Georgia, s of the ifland
of St. Simon.
Jfllasore, a town of Hindooftan, in
Onfla, feated on the Subanrecka, 50
miles s by w of Midnapour.
Jelling/it/, a town of Hindooftan, in
Bengal, on the right bank of the Ganges,
JER
where a branch feparates from the
main ftream, and is called the JelUnghy
river. It is 25 miles E by s of Moor-
n^edabad. , • ^
Jtmappetf a new department V
France, including Auftrian Haisault
and a fmall part of Flanders. It has its
name from a village, three miles w by !i
ot Mons, where the French, in 1791,
obtained a complete vidlory over tiic
Aitftrians. The capital is Mons.
Jemptia% or Jemptland, an inland
province of Sweden, in Nordland, ito
miles long and 75 broad. The w part,
on the frontiers of Norway, is full of
craggy rocks and high moimtains ; but
the B part is a champaign country,
vvatered by lakes and rivers. I: is di-
vided into eleven parifhes, but has not
one town. The inhabitants fubfift
chiefly by agriculture, grazinj?, hunting,
and fifhing, and fupply the Norwegians,
with iron-ware, ftecl, and leather; of
the laft they make fhoes, boots, and
jackets which are proof againft wet. ~
Jena, a ftrong town of Upper Sax-
ony, in Thuringia, inith a caftle and a
celebrated univerfity. Near this place,
in 1806, there was a general action
between the French and PrufTians, in
which the latter were defeated with
immenfe lofs. It is feated on the Saale,
10 miles ssE of Weimar. Lon. 11 34
E, lat. 50 55 N.
Jenisa. See Tenhe'i.
Jenisko'h See Tenueisk.
Jenitz, a town of Upper Saxony, in
the principality of Anhalt-Dieflau, fi-
tuat»on the Muldau, two miles ne of
DeflTau.
Jenitza, a town of European Turkey,
in Macedonia, fituate on a lake which
communicates with the gulf of Saloni-
chi, by a canal tx miles long. It is 34
miles WNW ofSalonichi.
Jeao, a town of Upper Hungary, ao
milcfi s of Great Waradin, and 48 if k
of Segedin.
Jeremie, a town and cape on the k
fide of the fouthem peninfula of the
ifland of St Domingo. The town is
fituate on an eminence, in a fertile foil,
particularly excellent for the culture of
coffee, five miles w of St. Domir^o.
Lon. 74 14 w, lat. 18 42 n.
Jericho, a town of Syria, in Paleftine,
once a famous city. It is now called
Herubi by the Arabs, and contains only
a few wretched huts, where fome beg-
garly Arabs reiide. It is five miles w
of the river Jordan, and ao £ by M of
Jerulklem.
Jericho, a town of Lower Saxony, in
the duchjr of Magdeburg, fituate on
V i|
m
JB R
the Elbe, 33 miles nne of Magtic-
burg.
Jermah, a town of the kingdom of
Fezzan, diftinguifhed by the numerous
ket-ds of flieep and goats that feed
around it, and by many majeftic ruins,
that «xhibit to the inhabitants of its
clay-built cottages veftiges of greatness
to which they are perfectly indiiferent.
It is 60 miles sr ot Mourzook.
Jersey y an ifland in the EngliOi chan-
nel, 18 miles from the coaft of Nor-
mandy in France, and 84 s of Portland
in Dorfcitfliire. It is fub'-ft to ♦>
JEnglilh; but is (till govei ^^ by
ancient Norman laws- It ^' /^o V;if' s
in circumference, and diflicuit : ' an, :. -,
on account of the rocks, fau - ::iui
forts eredled for its defence, it pro-
duces excellent butter and honey, and
the s part of the iHand is nearly cover-
ed with apple-trees for cider. The
number of linhabitants is eftimated at
so,ooo of whom 3000 bear arms. In
1781, abodyof French troops landed
on this ifland, furprifed the licutenant-
govemor, made hi^ prifoner, and com-
pelled hirn to figh a capitulation; but
major Pierfon, the cobimandt.T of the
Englifli troops, refufing to abide by
this forced capitulation, attacked the
French, and compelled them to fur-
render prilbners of war; but he was
killed in the moment of viAory. See
ilelier, St. ■
Jersey^ New, one of the United
States of America, 161 miles long and
j a broad; bounded on the e by Hud-
fon river and the Atlantic ocean, s by
Delaware bay and river, w by Pcnnfyl-
vania, and n by a line drawn from the
mouth of Mahakkamac river in lat. 41
34 to a point in Hudfon river in lat. 41.
It is divided into 13 counties; namely.
Cape Mary, Cumberland, Salem, Glou-
ccfter, Burlington, Hunterdon, SulTex,
Bergen, EIRx, Middlefex, Monmouth,
Somerfet, and Morris ; the laft two are
mountainous, and one-fourth of the
others are fandy and barren. The hilly
country feods great quantities of cattle;
the barren parts produce little ellc but
ilirub-oaks and yellow pines; and the
fandy lands yield an immenfc quantity
of bog iron ore, which is worked up to
great advantage in the nunu-rous iron-
works in thisQate: the foil in other pans
is fertUe, producing plenty of corn,
and fruits of all kinds common to the
climate. The principal rivers are, be-
fide the boundary ones, the Haikinfac,
Pafliiick, and Rariton. Trenton is the
Capital.
Jeriisaknty a famous city of Pate (line.
J E R
capita) of Judea, after David had con*
quered the Jebiilites. It was taken by
Nebuchadnezzar, in the reign of Ze-
dekiah, and the Jews were led captives
to Babylon. It was afterward taken
by the Romans, and ruined, together
with the Temple, 70 years after the
birth of Chrift, as was foretold by him.
Emperor Adrian built a new city, near
the nrins of ancient Jerufalem. it was
taken by the Perfians in 614, and by
the Saracens in 636. In 1099 it was re-
Uken by the cruladers, who founded a
new kingdom which lalled 88 years, un-
der nine kings. Saladin, kin^ of Kgypt
and Syria, got poflTeflion of it in 118;.
The Turks expelled the Saracens in
.^217, have ke[>t polTeflion of it ever
;:> and call it lleUodtt that is. The
Hoiy City. It is now inhabited by
Turks, Arabs, Jewsj and Chriltians. It
ftands on a high rock, with (leepafcents
on every fide, except to the n. It is
almoft furrounded by valleys encom-
pafTed with mountains, fo that it feems
to (land in the middle of an amphi-
theatre. It is about three miles in cir-
cumference, and includes Mount Cal-
vary, which was without the walls of
the old city. What renders it conli-
derable is the great refort of pilgrims ;
for the inhabitants accommodate them
with lodgings and provifions, which is
their chief bufinefs. A bafliaw, with a
guard of jani(raries, always refideshere,
to protect them from the Arabs. Thu
Church of the Holy Sepulchre, which
the pilgrims come to vifit, is a large
ftru<^ure, with a round nave, and has
no light but what comes through the
top, like the Pantheon at Rome. In
the middle of the nave, and direAly
under the opening of the dome, is the
Holy Sepulchre, which is placed in a
chapel, whofe door is three feet high
and two broad. It is fo fmall, that it
will hold but three pcrfons on their
knees at a time. At the entrance, on
the right hand, is that place where the
body of our Saviour was laid. The
table on which he was faid to have been
laid <-it firit is two feet and a half high
from the pavement, and is now cover-
ed with white marble, becaufe its vifi-
tors were all for carrying away a fmall
bit. This chapel is cut out of the rock,
and there are three holes in the roof, to
let out the fmoke of many lamps,
which are always kept lighted. The
whole is covered with white marble,
both within and without; .ind on the
oiitfide there are 10 fine columns of the
lame. It is covered with a platform,
the raiddlc of which is exadUy above;
J I D
the thi^ holes, and foi mi a frtiaH dofflc*
lix fitt in height, covered with lead,
and fupported by i a columns of por-
phyry, placed by pairs on the platform, .
and forming fix arches, which have
three lamps under each. Before the
e.ite of the fcpulchn; is a filver lamp,
h large, that two men cannot fathom
it. On Good Friday, all the parts of
our Saviour's paflion are folemnized in
this church. Jerufalem is 1 1 a miles sw
ofDamafcus, and 175 ne of Suez. Lon.
,j JO K, lat. 3 1 47 >*•
Jesi, a town of Italy, in Anconia,.
feated on a mountain, near the river
Fiumelins, 15 miles wsw of Ancona.
Jejselmere, a town of Hindooftan, in
the province of Agimere, and circar
ef Bickaneer, 70 miles w by n of
Bickaneer.
Jesso, a large ifland> lying between
thofe of Niphon and SaghalLen. It is
ofa triangular form, 350 miles in length,"
and from 80 to 2:0 in breadth; the
narrow part is in the s, toward Ni-
phon. It is full of woods; and the
natives, who live by filhing and hOnting,
are ftrong, robuft, favage, and flovenly,
when compared to the Japanefe. Here
are feme Japanefe colonies, and the
ifland is generally deemed fubjedl to
Japan; but it may be gather confidered
.18 a foreign conqueft than as a part of
the civilized empire. The s point is in
ten. 142 30 w, lat. 40 50 N.
Jever, a town of Weftphalia, in E
Friefland. capital of a territory of its
Dame, 28 miles he of Embden.
If, an illand in the Mediterranean, on
the coaft of France, the mod eaftcrn of
the three before the harbour" of Mar-
feilles, and well fortified.
Iglatt, a fortified town of Moravia,
capital of a circle of the fame name,
with two convents and a college. Good
cloth is manufadlured here, and the
commerce in corn and hemp is conii-
derable. It is feated on the Igia, 40
miles WNW of Brinn. Lon. 15 32 e,
lat. 49 28 K.
IgUsias, a town of the illand of Sar-
dinia, and a bifliop'3 fee, 37 miles
wsw of Cagliari. Lon. 8 39 e, !it. 39
18 V.
Ibor. See Johore.
Jidda, a fcaport of Arabia Felix, on
the Rt'd lea, in the flierilFate of Mecca.
A very conliderable trade is carried on
here, this city being a mart between
Egypt and India. The (hips from Suez
ftldom proceed further than this port,
and thofe from India are not fuffered to
advance to Suez. The Englifb are par-
ticularly favoured in the trade of this
I L A
I^ace, M they pay ohiy eight 'per cent.
dues of cudom, while all otbien, cvcit
the fubje^s of the fultan, pay ten; and
they are fuffered to difcharge this in
gooids, while all others muft produce
money. Jidda has qo frelh wateri and
is fituate in a barren fandy diftri^, 34
miles wsw of Mecca, of which it is the
port. Lon. 39 22 e, lat. ai 29 n.
Jiubala, a town of Negroland, capi'r
tal of an illand fo called, which it form-
ed by two branches of the Niger that
feparate at leaving the lake Dibue, and
unite again about 15 miles from Tom-
buctoo. The town is a retting place
for traders between Tombuctoo and
the weftern parts of the coimtry. It
(lands on the w branch of the Niger, Mo
miles sw of Tombuctoo. Lon. o 16 £»
lat. 16 4 N,
Jionpaur, a town of Hindooftan, ca-
pital of a circar of the fame name, in
Allahabad. It is feated on the Goomty ;
and not far from the confluK of that
river with the Ganges is the fort of
Jionpour, on a high bank commanding',
the bridge over the Goomty. This
place was at one time! the feat of an.
empire; and fultan Shirki, built the
great musjud, or maufoleum, which is
ftill remaining. The ftone bridge over
the Goomty conlifts of 1$ pointed
arches ; and on the top of it are many-
little ihops on both fides. It was built
in 1567, and has hitherto withflood the
force of the ftream, which, in the time
of the rains, frequently flows over the
bridge; and in 1774 a brigade of the
Britifh army pafTed over it in boats.
Jionpour is 48 miles nw of Benares.
Lon.. 8 2 55 K, lat. 25 45 n.
Ikeru, a town of Hindooftan, in My-
fore, n>rmerly the capital of a princi-
pality. T.'ie laft rajah fled in 1789, for.
fear Tippoo fliould compel him to be-
come a Muflulman, and foon after pro-
cured a friendly Nair to ilioot him dead.
It was of a great fize, furrounded by
three concentric walls; but the court
being removed to Nagara, the inhabi-
tants willingly followed, and devafta-
tion fucceedcd. Ruins, and a large
temple in good repair, are all that re-
mains. It is 34 miles n of Nagara.
Ila. See Is hi.
Ilak, or .Ia!(ik, a town of Nubia, on,
the Nile, i'uppofed by fome to be the
ancient Aleroe. Lou. 34 30 £, lat. i9.
48 N,
Ilanz, a town in SwifTi'rland, in the
Grifons, ctipital of tiie Grey Leagiie-
It is partly furrounded by walls, aiut.
feated on the RhiDc,
Coirc.
;3 mi lei i\v «f
I LL
JUkesUrt dr Ivehhestttt a borough III
ftomcrfetfhire» with a market on Wed-
ncfday. It ii of great antiquity, and
euce bad 16 churches, but now only
on«, at the w end of which is an oAa*
Jonal tower, fuppofed to be built with
Loman materials. Here are alfo va*
rious relics of monaftic antiqnjties. It
is the birthplace of the celebrated
Roger BAcon. The eleAion of the coun-
ty members is held heie, and here alfo
itthecountygaol.lt is featcd onthe Ivel,
16 mile* s by w of Wells, and 1 2a w by
s of London. Lon. a 37 w, lat. 50 59 k.
Ild'fomoy St. a town of Spain, in New
Caftile* noted for a magnificent fummer
palace, b)iilt by Philip v; and for a
inrgc manufadture of glais, belonging to
the crown. ^ It is feated on the Cogol-
ludo, five miles n of Uzcda.
lldcfonsot St,^ town of Mexico, in the
province of Giia>;aca, .'catedon a moun-
taii., 70 miles e ne of Guaxaca. Lon.
9730 w, lat. 175 N.
llderlon, <i village in Northumber-
land, four miles s of Wooler. On a
hill near it is a femicircular encampment,
defended by two high rampiers of
earth, and a deep fqlfe, with an inner
circle of ftones, which appear unce-
mented. The area is about 100 yards
diameter, and contains many remams of
buildings.
Ilfracombt^ fcaport in Devonfhire,go-
verncd by a mayor, with a market on Sa-
turday. It has a fpacious natural bafin,
with agood pier andquay,projeAinginto
theBriftol channel. This port employs a
number of brigs and (loops, chiefly in
carrying ore from Cornwall, coal from
Wales, and corn from Briftol ; alfo a
n umber of fifhingflciffs, which take foles,
turbots, &c. for the Briftol market. It is
49 mile3 nnw of Exeter, and soz w of
London. Lon. 4 5 w, lat. 51 14 n.
Ilheoi, a province of Brafil, s of that
of All Saints Bay. Its chief town,
of the fame name, is feated at the
mouth of the river Ilheos, 130 miles
esw of St. Salvador. Lon. 40 15 w,
lat. 1455 8.
Ilkuili, a town of Poland, in the i)a-
latioate of Cracow, remarkable for its
lilver and lead mines. It is feated in 1
barren country, at the foot of feveral
mountains, 15 miles nw of Cracow.
///f, a town of France, in the depart-
ment of Eaftern Pyrcnnees, on the river
Teck, 10 miles se of Perpignan.
Ille an*/ rr'/(iin«,a department of France,
containing part of the late province of
Bretagne. It takes its name from two
rivers, which tmite at Reanesj the ca-
pital of the department.
IMS
Jiltr, » lAvtx of Oerma , which ri(|
in Tyrolf runs n through 8uabia,'|w
Kempten* Mcmmingen, andKirchbcn
and ioini the Danube near Ulm.
Ultseatt a town of Spain, in Kew
CaAilc* M milea saw of Madrid, and u
NNB of Toledo. ^
Ill'tHOUt a river of the United Statcji
in the territory of Indiana. It \% form!
ed by the jun^ion of feveral ftreams
near the s end of Lake Michigan, and
taking a sw courfe of 2^0 mile* enten
the MiflTiirtppi, 30 miles above the
'nflux of the MifTouri.
Illock. a ftrong town of Sclavonia,
feated on the Dartube, 15 mile* w of
Peterwaradin, and 55 nw of Belgrade.
//»!, a town of Upper Saxony, in the
upper bounty of Scnwartzburg, on the
river Ilm. 13 miles nw of Rudelftadt,
and 14 miles s by e of Erfurt.
Ilmen, a lake of Ruflia, in the govern-
ment of Novogorod, 48 miles long, and
from 12 to 18 broad. Near it (lands
the city of Novogorod. This lake
communicates with that of Ladoga, by
the river Volkhof.
Ilmenauf a town of Upper Saxony, in
the county of Hcnncberg. Near it is a
mineral fpring, alfo a copper and lilver
mine. It is feated near the fource of
the Ilm, 17 miles ese of Smalkalden.
Ilminstert a town in Somerfetfhire,
with a market on Saturday, and a manu-
fa<i\ureof narrowcloths- Hereisa hand-
fome church, with a glazed tower, and a
freefchool founded by Edward vr. Itij
feated among hills, near the river Hie,
26 miles sw of Wells, and 136 w by s
of London.
Ilslei/i a town in Berkihire, with a
market on Wednefday, feated between
two hills, 14 miles nw of Reading, and
54 w of London.
Ihtt a town of Holland, in Frief-
land, feated on the Weymer, izniilct
• of Lcwarden.
Ihirop, a town of Sweden, in W
Gothland, 27 miles sse of Gotheborg.
Lteti, a town of Lower Saxony, in
the principality of Luneburg, 16 miles
ssw of Zell.
Iltzhofen, a town of Suabia, in the
territory of Halle, eight miles ne of
Halle.
Imbrot an illand in the Archipelago,
about 20 miles in circumference. It is
mountainous and woody, with plenty
of game. Lon. 25 44 e, lat. 40 10 n.
Jmeritia, a country of Afia, lying e
of the Black fea; bounded on the s by
Turkey, w by Mingrelia, n by Ofletia,
and B by Georgia, of which it is, pro*
perly fpeaking, a part. The revenue*
I wc
of tlte czat arife froih a contribution of
I the peafant* in wine, grain, and cattle^
I gndfrom the tribute of the. neighbour-
ing princf*; «nd amonjrthc eztraord»-
lUffv fcurcei of revenue, confifcationB
have a conliderable (htre. He Has no
iK\i\ir troops, but can colledt an un-
jjfcipiined -irmy of 6000 men ; nor has
he any artillery. Hie inhabitants, efti>
mated at 20,000 families, are fcattered
over the country in fmall hamHs.
They fend yearly confidcrable qoan-
titiei of wine to the neighbouring parts
of Georgia, in leathern bags, carried by
horfes: but they are without manufac-
tures, very poor and miferable, and cru-
elly opprefled by their landlords. The
Imeritians arc of the Greek religion.
Their patriarch, who is generally of
the royal family, can feldom read or
Writej and the inferior clergy are not
better inftruded, Their churches are
fcarcely to be diftinguKhed from com-
mon cottages, but by a paper crofs over
the principal door, and fome paintings
of the virgin and the faints. Cutai» is
the capital
Immenhausen, a town of Germany,
in the principality of HeiTe-CaiTel, eight
miiej NNw of CaiTel.
Immenstadt, a town of Suabia, in the
county of Koingfegg, fituate on a fmall
river, which foon after joins the Her, 1%
miles s ofKempten.
Imolttt an epifcopal town of Italy,
in Rotnagna, with a ftrong citadel. It
is furrounded by walls, towers, and
ditcbcs; contains 16 churches, and 17
convents; and is feated on the Santemo,
13 miles w by s of R<ivenna, and 45
XNC of Florence. Lon. it 45 e, lat.
4418 N.
Inchbrayock, a fmall ifland of Scot-
land, in Forfarihire, wittiin the mouth
of tbe S Eik, near Montrofe. It is lately
become of importance fr©m its two
bridges; one o\ Hone, which communi-
cates with the fouthern fhore, the other
a draw-bridge, which conneds the
ifland with Montrofe. It hat) alfo a
large and convenient dry dock.
Inchcotmy a fmall ifland uf Scotland,
in the frith of Forth, near the village of
Aberdour, on the co-(ft of Fife. Here
n the ruin of a famous monaftery,
founded by Alexander 1, in confequence
of bis efcape, when driven n this if-
land in a tempcft, and for the hofpi-
table treatment he received firom a her-
mit.
InchgarvUt a ftnall ifland of Scot-
laod, nearly in the middle of the paifage
over the Forth, at Queenaferry, m Lin-
IND
HfbgoMrfliire. In 179a, its fortification
were nipairetl. and rour a4 pounders
mounted on them.
Inchkeitbt a fmall ifland of Scotland,
in the frith of Forth, lying midway
between the ports of Leith and King-
hern. Here is a ruinous fort.
iHcbmamock, a fmall ifland of Scot-
land, on the sw fide of the ifle of Bute.
The ruins of a chapel dedicated to St.
Mamock are ftill to be feen; and
on the w fide are vafl: ftrata of coral
and fliells.
Indalt a town of Sweden, in Me-
dclpadia, on a river of tfte fame
name, ue.ir its entrance into the gulf
of Bothnia, 23 miles n by w of Sundf-
wald.
InJapour. See Indrapour-
Inden Hotun, a town of Chinefe Tar-
tary, capital of the Mnntchew Tartars,
where they began to eftabUfli th(:ir em-
pire over China. It is 420 miles ene
of Peking. Lon. 124 36 £, lat. 41
46 N.
India, an extenfive region in Afia,
lying between 66 and 93 e lon. and 7
and 35 N lat. Under this name, the
Europeans have included all the coun-
tries which lie s of Tartary, and extend
from the eaftem frontiers of Perfia to
the eaftem coafts of China. But thR
name of India can be applied, with
propriety, to that country only which
IS diftinguiflied both in Afia and Europe
by the name of Hindoodan. The
countries to the e of the river Buram-
pooter (namely AracanyAflam, Birmah,
Cambodia, Cochinchina, Laos, Malac-
ca, Pegu, Siam, and Ton^uin) whicli
fume geographers have diftmguiflicd by
the name of India beyond the Ganges,
are no more to hfe confidered in belong-
ing to India, than the bordering coun-
tries of Perfia, Tartary, and Tibet,
See Hindoostan.
Indiana., a territory, of N America,
belonging to the United States, bound-
ed (m tlie N by t!ie Illinois, which parts
it from Michagan, E by the Great
Miami, which divides it from the ftate
of Ohio, s by the river Ohio, which fe-
parates it from Kentucky, and w by the
Mifliflippi,w)iichpartsitfromLouinana.
The other principal rivers are the Chip-
pnvvay and Wabafh. This country,
upward of 600 miles fquare, contains
much fine lana ; but the white inhabi-
tants arc at prcfent few.
Indians, the name by which the origi-
nal natjvec of America are generally
called. Thefe people are fcattered
through the extent of the two vaft con-
Y
,mt, tinunAft.* '-» '
r
1 N D
ttncntsji of whom it i* obfervable, tbat
there is a natural diltfnAion between
the iiativcH of tltu temperate /ones and
thofe nf the torrid -. and that, accord-
ingly, they mar be divided into two
great i'^ilea. The me comprehends
all the N Americans, trom the rivi^r St.
Lawrence to the giiif < f Mexico, togi-
iher with the propl«i of Cliili and a Sew
I'mall tribes toward the extremity of
the fouthern continent. To the oth«fr
belong all the inhabitant » of the idnncls
and thofc ffttled in tlif provinces, which
extend from the ifthmiis of D.irien al-
inoft to (he fouthern coiifiiics of Hralil,
alon^ th(! E liiit; of the An^lei. In the
former, which comprehcnild all the re-
gi)i)8 (if tlic tfinpt'iate zom- in America
ili.it are itilinhifi-tl, the human fpeci(-»
.ni'pcars n),iiiifclli/ to be more perfe(*t.
TKc natives ;irc more roliiift, adive, in-
tdlfgent, atul couragroua; and have
defended Uit;ir liberty with t5ericv«ring
tortitiule .ifiiiirift Uie Europeans, who
fiil)d>ied the other rnJe nations of
America, with the greatelk cafe. The
ii:itives of the temperate zone are the
only people in the New World who
are indebted for their freedom to their
own valour. The N Americans, though
long encompafled by three formidable
European powers, retain part of their
onginal pollcirions. The people of
Chili, though early invadud, ftiil main-
tain a gallant coiitcH: with the Spa«
uiards, and have f*;t bounds to their en-
croachnients; whereas, in the warmer
regions, men are niore feeble in their
frame, lefs vigorous in the efforts of
their mind, of a gentle but daftardly
I'pirit, more enflaved by pleafure, and
more funk in indolence. Accordingly,
it is in the ton-id zone that the Euro-
peans have moft effedually eftablifhed
their dominion over America; and if
fevcral tribes there ftill enjoy independ-
ence, it is either becaufe they have never
been attached by an enemy already fatiat-
ed with conqueft,and poirefled of larger
t(;rritorie8 than he was able to occupy,
or becaule they have been faved from
oppreflion by their remote and inac-
ceflible fituation. This diftindtion,
however, although fo confpicuous, is
not univerfal. Of the manners of the
N American Indians a general idea may
be formed by an account of thofe who
inhabit the countries to the e of the
Miliiflippi. Thefe confift of a8 dif-
lerent natioiw; the principal of which
are the Cherokees, Chickafaws, Choc-
taws, Creeks, Dclawares, the Six ^a-
t|hn8} the ShawanefC) Hurons, Illinois,
I ND
Src. Allowing about 700 to 3 natin
or tribe, they will contain in alt x^^ \
fouls, and may furnifh about 5000 war.
riors. Thefe Indians darken thrirconi!
pkxion, by anointing themfcWei tith
gvafe, and lying in tht fun. Tb«y»ih
paint their face, bread, and ftouldeik
of various colours, but generally redi
and in many parts of their bodies thn
prick in guapowder in well^fignrf
figures. They arc of middle ftaturf.
their limbs clean and ftraight, and their
features well formed, efpecially thoft
of the women. They (have or pluck
the hair off their heads, except a putck
about the crown, which in ornamcnttd
with feathers, beads, wampum, and
f'jcli like baubles. Their ears are
bored, and ftretched by a thong down
to their Ihoulders. They are wound
round with wire to expand them, and
adorned with iilver pendants, ringj,
and bells, which they likewife wear in
tlieir notes. Some of them pierce the
cartilage of the nofe, and pa» through
it a lar^e feather; and thufc who cu
afford It wear a collar of wampum, a
IVlver breaftplate, and bracelets on the
arms and wrifts. A piece of cloth
about the middle, a (hirt of the Engliih
make, on which thcybeftow innumeni>
ble ditches to adorn it, a fort of cbth
boots and mockafons, which are Akk-i
nf a make peculiar to the Indians, onia<
mented with porcupine quills, with a I
blanket thrown over all, complete their |
drefs at home; but when they goto
war they leave their trinkets behind.
There is little difference between the |
drefs of the men and women, except.
ing that a ftiort petticoat, and the hair, |
which is exceedingly black and long,
and clubbed behind, diflinguifh fome
of the latter. Their warlike arms are
guns, bows and arrows, darts, fcalping
knives, and tomahawks: thelaft is one
of their moft ufeful pieces of field
furniture, ferving all the offices of the
hatchet, pipe, and fword. The/ are
exceedingly expert in throwing it, and
will kill ar. a contiderable diftance. The
world has no better markfmen with any
weapon : they will kill birds flying,
fif}iesfwimming,andwildbeaftsninniDg.
TJiey are not fo ignorant as fome fup-
pofe them, but arc quick of apprchen.
rion,fudden in execution, fubtlein bufi-
nefs, exquifite in invention, and induf-
trious in adion. They are of a gentle
and amiable difpofition to thofc they
think their friends, but as implacable in
their enmity ; their revenge being com-
pleted 00 ly by the entire deftrufllon ef
'MM«t«
I N't) "**
tbdr rtemici. They Are very hardjr,
hearing hcatt cold, hunger, and thirft,
in » furpriling manner; and yet no
people are more additHled tolbxccfs in
eating and drinking, when It is in thdr
power. The tollies, nay mifchicf, they
commit, when Incbriattd, are entirely
imputed to the liquor j and no one will
rcwngc any injury (murder ixceptcd)
received from one who is no more him-
felf. Among the Indians all men are
equal* pcrfonal quaiiticc being moft ef-
tcemed. No dillinftion of birth, or
rank, renders arty man capable of doing
prejudice to the rights of private per-
llmi: and there is no pre-eminence
from merit, which begets pride, and
whjeh maiies others too fL-nfiblc of their
own inferiority. Theirpublicconfcrejiecs
Ihow them to bo men of genius; and
they have in a high degree the talent of
natural eloquence. They live difperfed
in villages, either in the woods, or on
the banks of rivers, where they have
little plantations of maize and roots,
BOt enough to fupply their families half
the year J and they fubfift, the remain-
der of it, by hunting, filhing, and fowl-
ing, and ihe fruits of the earth, which
grow fpontaneoully in great plenty,
llieir huts are generally built of fmall
logs, and covered with bark ; each hav-
iag a chimney, and a door, on which
they place a padlock. One of their
towns, called Old Chelicothe, is ^uilt
in the form of a parallelogram; and
fome of their houfes are fliingled. A
long council-hcufe extends the whole
length of the town, where the king and
chiefs of the nation fr<;quently meet,
andconfult on all matters of import-
ance, whether civil or military. Some
huts are built by fetting up a frane on
I forks, and placing bark againft it ; others
of reeds, and lurrounded with clay.
The fire is in the middle of tli<! wigwam,
and the imoke paffes through a little
hole. They join reeds together by cords
run through them, which ferve them
for tables and bedsi They moftly lie
upon Ikins of wild bcafts, and fit on the
ground. They have brafs kettles and
pots to boil their food. Gourds or
calabafhcs, cut afunder, ferve them for
pails, Clips, and dilhes. The accounts
of travellers, concerning their religioir,
are various; and although it cannot be
abfolutely affirmed that tliey have none,
yet it is very difficult to deritie what it
is. All agree that they acknowledge
one Supreme, God, but do not adore
him. They have not ftcn him, they
I do not know him ; believing him to be
f» far exalted above then?, and too
i N b
happy ill himfelf to be concerned .ibool
the trifling aftairs of poor inortaU.'
They feem alfo to believe in a future
Itatf, and that after death they fliall be
removed to theii* friendN, who have gone
before them, to an elylium or paradife.
The Wyandorts, near Detroit, and fome
others, have the Roman catholic reli-
gion introduC(!d among them by mif*
lionaries. Thefe have a chnrch, a mi-
nider, and a regular burying ground.
Many of them appear zealous, and fay
prayers in their families. Thefe, by
their acquaintance with white pe(>plQt'
are a little civilized, which mult of ne-
ceflity precede Chriftianity. The ShiS-
wancfe, Cherokee^, ChickaCiws, aud
foinc others, are little concerned about
religion. Others continue their former
fuperllitiuus worlhip of the dtjcits of
their love and fear, and efpeoially thofe
beings whom tliey moll dread ; though,
at the fame time, it is allowed theo>ray
to the fun, and otiier inferior biMbvo-
lent dirities, for fuccels in their under*
takings, for plenty of food, and other
neceHaa-ies of lif. . They have their
femvals, and other rejoicing days, on
which they ling and diince in a ring,'
taking hands, having fo painted and
difguifed themfelves, that it in difficult
to know any of them ; and aftei enjoy-
irtg tbisdiverfion for a while, they retird
to the place where they have prepared
a feaft of tilh, fleih, fowl, and fruit; to
which all are invited, and entertained
with their country fongs. They bt>
lieve that there is great virtue in feafta
for the fick. For this purpofe, a youi%
buck muft be killed and boiled, the
friends and near neighbours of the
patient invited, and hav ing tirit throwti
tobacco on the fire, and covered it up
dole, they all lit down in aVing, atid
raife a lamentable cry. They then un-
cover the fire and kindle it; apd the
head of the buck is firft fent about,'
< very one taking ip bit, and giving A
lAi'A croak, in imitation bf crovirs.
'llity afterward proceed to eat all the
buck, finging a moft harmonious, me-
lancti^ily lurig; in which llraia their
mufic is particularly excellent. As they
approach their towns, when foirie of
their people arc loil in war, they make
great lamentations for their dead, and
btar them long afcor in remem-
brance. Some nations abhor adultery,
do not approve of a plurality of wives*
and are not guilty of theft ; but there
are other tribes not fo fcrupulou8«
Among the Chickafaws, a hufband may ^'
cut oft' the nofe of his wife, if guilty o#
adultery : but men are allowed g-tater
Y a
#1
%1
I N 1^
ei ty. *^ This nation d^fpifes a thief-
Jii^ong thevCherokces» they cut off the
nofe and earf of an adultrefs: after-
ward her huftand gives her a difcharge;
and from this time flie is not pemiitted
to refufe a^y one who prefents htm-
felf. Fornication is unnoticed) for they
allow petfons'in a fingleftate unbdiind-
fid -fn^^oiB . Their torm of marriage is
(horti the man, before witnefles, gives
the bride a deer's foot, and ihe in re-
turn, prefents him with an ear of corn, as
emblems of their feveral duties. I'he
fifd%Rn are very flaves to the men ;
wwh is ufual in rude, unpolifhed na-
'(k^, throughout the world. Their
kaiK.has no power to put any one to
denh by his own authority ; but the
murderer is generally delivered up to
the friends of the deccafed, to do as
they pleafe. When one kills another,
his friend kills him, and fo they con-
tinue until much blood is ihe-d ; and at
IaA tin quarrel is ended by mutual pre-
fents. Their kings are hereditary, but
their authority extremely limited. No
people afford a more 'Ariking evidence
of the miferies to which mankind are
expofed from the v>|ant of government
than they. .Every chief, when offended,
breaks ofi'with a party, fettles at fome
, , diftance, and then commences hoftili-
|4| ties againft his own people. They are
generally at war with each other.
Vvhcn they take captives in war, they
are exceedingly cruel, treating the un-
happy prifoncrs in fuch a manner, that
death would be preferable to life. They
•load them with burdens, and when they
.irrive at their towns, they muft nm the
gauntlet. In this the favages exercife
i'o much cruelty, that one would think
- it: impoffible they fliould furvive their
fufferings.* Many are Idllcd; but if one
outlives this trial, he is adopted into
a family as a fon, and treated with pa-
ternal kindnefE. But fonietirr's their
prifoners are deftincd to be tortuied to
death, in order to fattate tlic revenge of
their conquerors. While their lot is
in fufpenfe, the prifoners appear alto-
gether unconcerned about what may
befall them; and when the fatal fcn-
tence is intimated to them, tliey receive
it with unaltered countenance, raife
their death-fong, and prepare to fulier
like men. The prifoners aie tied
naked to a ftake, but fo as to be at
liberty to move round it. All prefcnt,
men, women, and children, rufh upon
them like furies: fome burn their limbs
:h red-hot ii-oiis, some mangle their
lies with knives, others tear their
L pluck off their nails, and rend and
V ■ %
twifi^their finewi^lB %Ste of H&Mk
fulfcnngs; the viairae continoe^
chaunt their death-fohg wkh T i^
rr'^ v§5?f «f^*»^&w»expior
they mfult theirlonaentoii for tk^
want of ftill to avenge the deaths
their fnenda and relatiens, they wan
them of the vengeance which awS
them for what they arc now doint
and excUc their ferofity by the mSt
provoking reproaches and threau
Weary at length with contending with
men whofe conftancy they canned van-
quifb, fome chief, m a rage, puts »
penod to their fufTcriDgs, by difpatch!
ing them with his dagger or his club.
Ihe people of S America gratify their
revenge in a manner fomewhat dif-
fercit, but with the fame unrelentine
rancbur. Their prifoners, at their firft
entrance, meet with the fame roueh
reception as among the N Americans-
but afterward they are treated with the
greateft kindnefs, and fome young ^vo.
men, are appointed to attend andfolace
them: yet by a refinement of crueitr,
while they feem ftudious to attach their
captives to life, their doom is irrevocably
fixed. On an appointed day, the nito-
nous tribe alTcmbles, the prifoner it
brought forth with great folemnity, he
meets his tate with undaunted firmnefa,
and 18 difpatched by a fiqgle blow.
The moment he falls, the women feize
the Iwiy, and drefs it for the feaft.
1 hey befinear their children with the
blood, in order to kindle in their bofoms
a. hatred of their enemies, and all joii
m feeding upon the flelh with amszing
Sreedinefe and exultation. The In-
lans of S America, immediately under
tie Spanifh government, are now hi
from being treated with that rigour and
cruelty with which the firft conquerori
of that continent are charged. I'hey
are no longer conlidered as flaves ; but
are ivpnted as freemen, and entitled to
the privileges of fubjedts. A certain
tribute is, indeed, impofed upon them,
and certain fervices required ; butthefe
are all under the due regulations of
policy and humanity. The Indians who
live in the principal towns are entirely
lubje(a to the Spanifh laws and magif.
trates ; but, in their own villages, they
are govcjned by caziques, fome of
whom are the dcfcendants of their an-
cient lords ; others arc named by the
Spanilh viceroys. Thefe regulate th«
p(ttty affairs of the people under them,
according to maxims of juftice, trant
mitted to them by tradition. For their
further relief, the Spanifti court has ap.
pointed an officer in. every diltrift V'i'li
irws '. ■1^'^
coatiniK t»
witb a fitm
9*™ exploiti,
twt for tfcdr
the death oE
i»» they warn
which avuti
c npw doinf,
by the moft
and threatj.
>ntendii)g with
:y cannot van.
■ rage, puts a
, by difpatch.
;r or m club.
:a gratify their
fomewhat dif-
ne unrelenting
T8, at their firft
le fame rou^h
N Americans;
reated with the
>me young w>o-
tecd andfolace
lent of cruelty,
i to attach their
mis irrevocably
I day, the vifto-
the prifoner it
It folemnity, he
aunted firmnefa,
la fingle blow,
he women feizc
for the feaft.
Idren with the
in thdr bofoms
ts, and all joia
with amazing
ion. The In-
fiediately under
are now fiir
that rigour and
irft conquerors
larged. I'liey
as flaves; but
ind entitled to
s. A certain
:d npon thenii
Ired ; but thefe
Irtgulalions of
lie Indians who
|ns are entirely
ITS and magif.
villngcs. they
jes, fome of
Its of their an-
[lamed by the
regulate th«
under them,
juftice, tranf-
jjn. For their
[court has ap-
dittritt V'itK
4'
-4k'
«-#!:^
«wj2
is^ji;
■ OlWft*!*'.
m
I
T^
■.•J*«fc*
i4
r.,lL-*'
1'
V*-.
■■■'«•(» .
#;
f
f' ^
1
i
'V""'='*^"
..v--^-'"^ ' — ■■..UlMf"^'^
*J-,
^---«U.
!■* I iifc> Ultlt"^
•«
'• Afrffiiiii i^'
;^!ftl>>'M^aie««^^
u.Mmm^m^-^9mm
<'^>mi
r *l
l^4P^j*» ^ '^■'"
< A^
^tt,-.B«.M|lteflt»«»»
'^W'o:
H
i^
»i
i
l'.-.
J*f 'u.UnbciOTiMKC Kty
/T; ' iff Triaiu/ittt
*'¥iL«4<*i H o N ji u n ^
"nutl * '
I'
...%
'"''J^'»-v*'';^^^*1
thtr tl
Vdf^
ftftfllfer fflJindif^I^f beWlflii
Rico and Tobago, lliefe were inha-
bited by«tie <:«r||p#(fi Smamftm oS
men, nowil'e refoi^iig thejv 1j|[ni4
i^iigl^'Hiuni in thefiillfr fdnntls. Ifkoi
lumbus W/is a witnofs to their intrepid
havelnatntatned invarupy in all fubfc-
.^ N D
ofi^te^or of tbd Indians,
wiiofelOti is to affert the rights of the
IndiaitP^ «• ^ hmodt to the exac-
tions 4f lis countrymen. HoApitals
alfo 3d. fiftmded in everv. new fettle-
ment Ipr the rece|>tfon ot indigent and
infim^dftn«» where they are treati'd
with tendernefs and humanity. Sec
Iijjw#»a*; LidieJt IVest', Patagonia. i|^iM <i«^$l||Plvi|||i^he Europeans.
/n</i^, S^ti tbe name given by Eu^ Tht: Britiflt ii)^|N|> are Jamaica, Barba-
ropeati td'that v.i^ tract of country in dos, St. Cftmopher, Antigua. Anega-
.. . • .-...jk^.i *_^i... ,. _c ^. .. ^j^^ N,f\is, Montferrat, Barbuda. An-
guil]a, Domititca, St. Vincent, GranadJtr
tht^*kB»hama Iflai||B, and part of the'
Virjgin iilandy. ^S|ba, Porto Rica,
Trinidad, and Mar^wita, belong tb the
Spaniards. The French have Gua-
daloupe, M|nf:alant«, Defeada, Hif^
paniola, TomgO) Marti^o, and St.
Lucia. The Dutch have St. Eudatia,
itjl'^e
Alia, whieb is fituated to the s of Tar
tary, betw«en Perlia and China, as well
'as to % grt^t number of iilands in tb«
IndiawiilBceiln, extending fmnpi^e jwniri-
fula <$ Hfaidooftan- as far i as JSTew
GuinA aiid from the bay of B«iniral
and tnCiiina fea as far s as New Hol-
land. The moft wdtcrn of them are
the Maldives, and the moft eaftern the
Moluccas } between which are feveraK Curasao, Saba, a \A St. MiHin ; the
very Ivge ones, as Ceylon, Sumatra,
Java, Borneo, and Celebes ; befide mariy
otherief eonfiderable importance as to
ri(Ehc8^4hcaigh much inferior in extent.
IfiJifs, fi'at, the name given to a
groat Tinmber of iflands in the Atlantic
Gcean, which eXtefidacrois the entrance
of th^gulf of Mexico, from the nw ex^
tremity of the Bahama iilands, off the
coaft of Florida, to the ifland.of Toba-
go, no miles from the coaft of Terra
Firma. Cuba is the moft weftem, and
Barbados the moft eaftern of thefe
iilands. When Columbus difcovtied
ihem in 1492, he confidered tl em as
part of thole vaft regions in Afia cc^.
prehe^ed under the general nam«-.of
India, to reach which, by a w couffe
acrofs the Atlantic, had been the g_rand
objeftof his voyage; and this opinion
was fogeneral, that Ferdinand and Ifa-
bella,iing and queen of Caftile, in their
ratificatioii of an agreement granted to
Columbus, upon his retum, gave them
tlie name of Indies. Even. after the
error which gave rife to this opinion
was dftefted, and the pofition of the
New World was afcertainc.l, the name
has remained, and the appellation of'
W«ft Indies is given by all th«' people
of Ettpope to thefe iflands, and that o*^
Indians to the inhabitants, not only of
thefe iflands, but of the continent of
America. They are likewife called the
Caribhce III inds, from the aborigines of
Ih? connlry ; and the fca in which ihcy
lie is called the Caribbean Sea. By the
Frttich they are calh^d the Aiitiiks ; and
1: lutical n\en -diAiiiguilh tin in, fro'u the
difierent cmeit'i ti^en by iVryf, into
the Leeward &Md Windward Iflands, of fifvewl mouths, hw of the piili of
which fee. The n.»me of Caribbee' Cntch. See Tatt/i. On the e of the
:^ould propeHy be confined to l!ie Inclu* is a great landy defcit, extending
Danes, St. Thoma.>, St. Croix, a^i p%Ct
of the Virgin Iflands; and theSwe^K,
St. Bartholomew. This oiftribufblv df
the iflands is to be uudfrft^od al^rior
to the prefent wars, during which fe-
veral have been taken by the Sngljfh
from the other powers.
Indore, a town of Hindooftan, in tht
province of Malvva, capital of one of
the Poonah Mahratta chiefs. It is felt-
ed on a river, that flows into the Nfr-
buddah, ;8 miles sse pf Ougein. Lon.
76' 1 1 K, lat. 2S ij6 N.
Indrapourt a lisaiwrt on the w coaft
of Sumatra, capital of a kingdom of the
fame name. Here the Dutch have a
fa<5lory, for the purchafe of pepper, it
is 160 miles :iw of Bencoolcn. Lon. 100
45 E, lat. 1 56 s.
Indrit a department of Traqce, in-
cluding the late province 0/ Bf'iry. It
has its name from a riven '•rhich rifes
in this department, flows intint that of
Indreand Loire, and join»" th* Loire,
four miles below the infltiat of tt^Ch^.
Chatcauroux is the capital.
Indre and Loiret a department of
France, inoiii - - -
Toiiraiac.
:i\;ai river of Hir.-
»ut ten principal
>om the Perliaii.
and TibetMH mountjons. From the
ctty of Att( ':k to ^4oultan, or to the
influx of tlie Ciiunaub, it is ceuimonlv
namt:d the river of At*'ock. Below t^^
city of Moiiltan, it proceeds in a !»
diredion, through tbr province o# that
name, and that of Sindy ; ajiU enters
the Arahi.in fea, by an extended d'lta
of Ck^enil
dooltan, fonpit]^"
ftreams. \V>ich
the late province of
is I'^v Mpital.
m
#•
^ntnJh
^, IhrJiuifliv
C A M
l^ B B
J.'cnritadp ^tM A-tan T.«iHl«n 4 ^
^
»"
f
rfJt t*tmSk»A
— ,W M. _M 1-
ir/.Viir»-.<JtJ» rfVifWluciu ft I
,01'' -r .. . I
tfliAMiitriiM
Atao^iytM
ji>
• iirr —
tti^'
#.
\^
f% f
I N
I'. I.
hiar 500 mfl€B in%S(tgt1f, and from 6e
to 150 in breaidth.
Ligf/^eup. a >i»MMi of Franconia, in
the principaHty ^Jllnhenlohe, feated
m 4k Kochpr, ipP^ilts «aw of Meri>
gentheim.
Ingelheim, 4town a(y|^mte«.il|.th«
department of*Mont Tonncrre, lately
of Germany, m^ |%l| lili <tli<
Rhine ; feated on an eminence, on the
river Salva, 10 miles wsw (JI'MenlT.
Ingetmuniter, a village of the Nethcr-
)and8( in Flanders, near the river Man-
del, five miles n of ^qrtray. Heqiis
acaQIe, which wa^oftcn madi' a garri-
fon, in the religioufwara uf the lixtecnth
century.
Ingkborouf^h, one of^he higheft
mnuntainif df England, re Yorkihire,
eight miles Knw pf Settle. It is 3987
feet abaft the level of the fea.
top is a circular plain, near a mile in
CTrcumrerence, containing the riiins of
"aft olwvi'all, &:c. from which fome ima-
gine^ has been a Roman ftation. Its
fides are fteep and rocky, and contiin
feVisra^ pits and dreadful chafms, but
may be afcended without danger. Its
limeftone bafe, which (nearly extends to
Ihofe of Whernfide and Pennygant, is
perforated in every diretflion with long
caverns.
Ingletontti village in W Yorkfiiire, 10
milf's WNW of Settle. It has a cotton
mill, and ftands at the bafes of Whern-
fide and Ingleborougb, amid the natural
curiofities of thofe mountains.
Ingling, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Mofelle, fix miles e of
Thionville.
Ingohtailt, a town of Bavaria, with a
famous univerfity, and a fine church.
It is one of the ftrongeft places in Ger-
many, furrounded by a morafs. Thd
houfes are built of ftone, and the ftreets
are large. It was taken by the Auftrians
in 1742, and bombarded by the French
in 1796. It is feated on the Danube,
hine miles k of Neuburg, and 45 n by
w of Munich. Lon. u sa e, lat. 48
46 N.
Ingrakam Islands, feven in number,
in the Pacific ocean ; difcovered in 1791
by captain Ingraham, of I^ofton, in
MalTachufets ; and named Wafliington,
Adams, I-incolu, Federal, Franklin,
Hancock, and Knox. Tliey lie from
35 to 50 leagues nnw of the ^larqucfas,
in Ion, 140 and 141 w^ kt. 9 s. They
appear generally to be diverfified with
hills and valley."?, and to be well wooded.
^lod-, if not albef tiHsm are inhabited,
and the people rcfemble thofe of the
l^larquefas.
if
fl^tir
biiants
pr<|l, and
thl» great
{ind it was
If of Ny,
tte inhal""
«Kr
I N O
Ingn^tU, a town of France,^
department of Mayenne and '.
tuate on the Lake, 15 aif
Angers..
Ingria, a provir.ce of Rulli.v^hich
now forms the goternment of feterf-
burg> It is 130 miles long inA 50
broad ; bounded on the n by the river
INeva and the gulf of Finland, tand s
by the government of Novc
w by that of I.ivonja. fet{
wrelled it from the Swcdes^!|
confirmed to him by the tre
" in 17S1. At that tim|
ants of|})e flat country w^ aWnnifh
people, biit little different frpjm t|eFin8
of Carelia, as to thei^ language and
manners- They were called iShorki,
and Ifchortzi, from the river Ifciiora,
, , , which runs into the Neva. Ing^ia did
The 'Viot retain its ancient Swedirti-priiPegeg:
on the contrary, Peter made a ttrefent
of one part of the Ifchortzi to certain
RulTian nobles; who. Oh thefir fide,
were obliged to people the lei| culti.
vated cantoris of Ingria, with cbloniea
of Ruffians from their eHate«; and
thence it is that a village of Ruffians is
often furrounded by villages of, Fins.
Theli; Ifchoitzi have long followed agri-
culture. Thoircconomy is an ill-chofen
mean between that of the Ruffians and
the Fins. They aflTcmble in fmall vil-
lages, of five or ten farms each; and
live miierably in frtialldiriy huts.> Their
inclination to idlenefs and drinking leads
them often to fell their ftocic, and the
com tliey have faved for fowiog the
fields. Some of them, however, imitate
the Ruffian villagers, who are better
managers, more at their eafe, and in
better circumftances. The Ingrians are
a flupid, fufpicious, tliieviih raoe, and
dangerous from their phlegmatic tem-
perament, and propenfity to pilfering.
They referable the gypfies, are vaga-
bonds like them, calculate nativities,
and tell fortunes. The drefs of the
men is like that of the Fin boors; but
the habit of the women betrays a
vanity, which, confidering the poverty
of this people, and the tyrannytwhich
their Iiufbands and fathers exercife over
them, may pafs for luxury. The. lower
part of their drefs refembles that of the
Fin conntry women. Their Ihift Keaches
down to their knees, has a neck and
clofe wriflbands, both of them pinked
or wroiiglit : the body and fiecves are
l.irge ; tin; latter whimfically worked,
and the body puflfed with numbcrlefs
plaits. Infiead of a pettiesat, they ti>:
on two aprons : thefe are fometimw M
cloth and fomctimes of linen worked
with <ll|r«:rent colours'; that behind
being mbch the widefti and the fmallef
one in firotlt »8 generally adornt'd witli;^
glafrt b««d8''and little mells. Stveral'.
firings of thefe beads are worn round
the neck, and fall upon the breafts ; nnd
tficy have he.ivy earrings, with the ad-
dition generally of ftrings of beads.
The gini wear their hair leofe and un-
covered: the married women, on the
contrary, conceal their hair, like the
Finnifli women, with a long piece of
Hnen, folded toward the middle into a
kind of cap, while its extremities fall
upon the back, and are fupported by
the girdle in fuch a manner that the
whole makes a kind of fpread fail over
the fliouldcrs. When they drefihthem-
fdves to go to town, they commonly
put on the Rwfs cup, which is orna-
mented with a peak in front, is lined
with fur, and laced round the edges :
with this they wear a long gown, made
of coarfe ftufF, and faftened down the
bread with buttons. Before the Ruf-
fians conquered th"s country, the fn-
grians had Lutheran minillers for every
canton ; but numbers of them have
been fince converted to the Greek faith.
They are addiifted to abfurd notions
and pagan fuperftitions, which they
mix with the ceremonials of Chriftianity.
They carry the figures of the faints into
the woods in proceffion, and there pay
them a formal wor/hip. When a man
ii inclined to marry, he purclules a girl,
and celebrates his nuptials at the church,
to which they are accompanied by two
women in veils, who fing compotitions.
No fooner is the marriage ceremony
performed, than the hulband begins to
treat his wife with feverity, and thence-
forward keeps her under ftrift difci-
pline. The dead are buried by the prieft
of the profefiion to which they belong.
Their general opinion is, Xhat they con-
tinue to live in the fubterranean world
in the fame manner as they did on the
fiirface of the earth ; and that the grave
is little more than a change of habita-
tion : for which reafon they bury their
money, that they may have it to ufe in
the other world.
Ingushi. See Kisti,
Inishannon, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Cork, with a conliderable
linen manufa(5ture j feited on the Ban-
don, feven miles nw of Kinfale.
/««, a river which rifes in SwilTi rland,
in the canton of Grifons, (lows xe
through Tyrol, by In fpruc and Knfstein,
and continuing its courfe in Bavaria,
paflTes by Wafieburg and Braunaii, and
joins the Danube at FalTau.
1 N V
Innneondot a fortrefs of Hfndooftan,"
in the Guntoor circir, fUnatc on a hill,
46 miles ..w of Ongoie.
Innichen, a town of Germany, in
Tyrol, fituate among riwuntains, at the
fouicc of the Drave, 29 miles e of
Brixe^t
Jno>wloczaiv, a town of Poland, in
the palatiniite of>' Wladiflaw, 34 miles
w by N of Wladillaw.
Lijc/i, a town of Scotland, in Abcr-
deenOiire, 26 mih-s wnw of Aberdiin.
Inspnir, a fortified town of Germ iny,
capital of Tyrol, with a ftrong caftle.
It w'as formerly the place where the
archdukes of AuAria relided ; and here,
in 1672, emperor Leopold 1 founded a
univerfity, which, in 1782, was changed
into a lyceum. The principal manu-
faftures are jjloves, filk and woollen
ftuffs, and all kinds of glafs wares. In-
fpruc was entered by the French in
1805. It is feated in a pleafant valley,
on the river Inn, 60 miles s of Mdnich.
Lon. II 32 E, lat. 47 17 N.
Insteriurg, a town of Prullian Lithu-
ania, with a trade in corn and beer ;
feated on the Pregel, oppolite the influx
of the Infter, 45 miles e of Konigfberg.
Interlachefi, a town of Swiflerland,
capital of a bailiwic of the fame name,
in the canton of Bern. It is f<-ated
between the lakes of Brientz and Thun,
?8 miles ssw of Lucern, and 32 sk of
liern.
Inveraray, a borough of Scotland,
and the county-town of Argylefhire,
lituate on the nw fide of Loch Fyne,
at the influx of the Aray. It has fome
manufaiJlures, and <i trade in wool, tim-
ber, and oak bark ; but its chief fupport
is from the herring fifhety. Neaf the
towH is Inveraray caftle, the feat of the
duke of Argyle ; and<in the neighbour-
hood is a confiderable iron-work. It is
33 miles NW of Dumbarton, and 88
WNW of Edinburg. Lon. 4 54 w, lat.
56 15 N.
Iwoerbvrvie. See Bervie. '
Iiti'eresk, a village of Scotl.ind, «u
Edijiburgfljire, fituatJ on a hill, on the
K fide of the mouth of the Eik, a little
to the N of MuflTelburg. In 1783, the
fubterraneous remains of a Roman hot
bath were difcovered here- '
Invergor/hn, a village of Scotland, in
Rolsftiire, at the mouth of the frith of
Cromarty, eight mihrs ssk of Tain. It
has a good harbour, and a regular ferry
over the frith to the town of Cromarty.
Inverieithingi a horough and fcaport
of Scotland, in Fifcflure, which Yxas a
confiderable trade in coal and lalt. Bt-
IbiX' the entrance of the harbour is a bay
■1 i
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23 WliT MAIN STRUT
WnSTH,N,Y. 14580
(71«)t7!l-4S03
4^
^hidi fManAf iafe anchorajr^ for IWp*
of an^ burded^ |n all M^iods. The har-
bour itifif » coqimgdiQtt$« aod ba^^^two
guavs. It is fitoafte pn the n Ode of the
ith of Forth, i0)ilei wkw of Sd^-
burg. ton. ij is w, lat. 55 57 k.
» Ittverteitheti, a villaglrof Scotk^, on
the river Tweed, at the influx of the
l>ettbeny five odhii e ol^efblea. ^«r«
is an eztenfi^e wooUcn manuFaAurei
and -near ii is a, famous fulphurous
fpring.
Itputrth'ssf a borough of Scotland,
capital ol a county Af the fame name,
£[tuate on l>otb fides the river Nefsy bear
its entiaoce into the ftith of Murray.
It har 1 commodious harbour, a good
ialmon fiiheryy a larae manu(aAur« of
ropes and canvas, feventl tan* works,
and a conliderable trade. Here are fix
incorporated trades; and the number of
inhabitants in iCc was 8732. On an
eminence are the rums of ue old caftle,
demoliflied by the rebels in 1746; and
over the Nefs is a bridge of feven arches.
!^ear this town, on Culloden heath, the
dtike of Cumberland ^ain^d a dfciftve
vidory over the rebels m 1746. To the
w of the town is the <hill of Craig Pha-
tric, on th^ fumtnit of which are the
extenfive remaii.» of a vitrified fort, fo
called from the marks of fiifion which
the cement and (tones exhibit. Inver-
ncfs is 66 miles nb of Fo[t William, and
116 NNw of Edinburg. Lon. 3 57 w,
lat. 57 31 N.
Invsr tie js-s hire, the moft extenfive
county of Scotland ; bounded on the k
by Rofsihire, £ by the counties of
Nairne, Murray, and Aberdeen, s by
thofe of Perth and Argyle, and w by
the Atlantic ocean. It alfo incHides
feveral of the Hebrides. Independent
of the ifiands, it is 80 miles long and 50
broad; and is divided into 31 iiariihes,
which in 1801 contained 7/^^92 inha-
bitants. The N part is mountainous
and barren ; the s part is alfo moun-
tainous, and fuppoA'd to be the moft
elevated ground in Scotland. This
county has feveral confiderable lakes,
and is divided, in a manner, into two
equal parts, by thofe ^f Nefs, Oich,
Lcchy, and Linnhe $ through which is
eow cutting the Caledonian canal, to
unite the eaftern and weftem oceans
The extenfive plains which furround
the lakes are, in general, fertile ; the high
grounds feed many iheep and black-
cattle, the rearing and felling of which
is the chief trade of the inhabitants;
and^numerouR herds of goats are found
in evety diftridt. The muunlains and
f orefts are inhabited by immenfe nam-
oCpf«4 and roc iJei^tftB 5
iipNi luire. f nd other
ndant. Uflp^pBe, hrqft<if|, aixl
^ia« traces of diferent n]pei||s have
been found in this county, wit{|(be:«u(i-
fy\ rock eryftals oC varioua tiinft; but
no mines have been worked l^ithcrto^
with much uiccefs. Th»{ ttrincipal
rivers aVe the Spey and Bea^e«
Inverugit, a village of Siptnndi qq
the E cuaft of Aberdeeoimre,>t the
mouth pf the Ugic, one mile V pf Peter-
head. It has nn extenfive bleiach- field,
and a conGderable brewery. jNear it
are the ruins of Inverugie caftle '
Inverttry, a borough pf Scotland, in
Aberdeenfhire, on the river Oon, juft
above the influx of the Ury, 15 miles
WNW <rf Aberdeen.
Joac'umstbaly a town of Bohemia, in
the circle of Saatz, noted ^r itit mines
and a manufacture of lace, ij milet,N
by E of Elbogen.
Joaehimstbal, a town of Brandcnbuig,
in theUcker mark, 31 miles mne of
Berlin.
Joanna. See Hinzuan.
Jocigrim, a town of France, in the
department of Lower Rhine, fituate on
an emiiience, near the Rhine, nin^ miles
SE of Landau.
Jobangeorgenstadtf a town of Upper
Saxony, in Mifnia, celebrated for its
mines and a confiderable manufaAure of
lace, 18 miles sse of Zwickau.
Jobannesburgi a town of £ Fntflia,
with a citadel, feated on the liver Pych,
near the lake Spirding, 95 miles se of
Konigiberg. Lon. zz 39 £, lat. 53
16 K.
Jtbn, St. one of the Philippine iflandt,
E of Mindanao. Lon. ia6 3a s, lat. 9
30 K.
JohHt St. one of the Virgin iflands, in
the W Indies, belonging to the Danes.
It is 12 miles in circumference, and has
a town and fpacious harbour. I<on. 65
10 w, lat. 18 10 N.
Johny St. or. Prince EJwarJt anifland
in the s part of the gulf of St.Lawrence,
having New Brunfwick on the w, Nova
Scotia on the s, and Cape Breton on the
E. It is 60 miles long and 30 broad,
and fertile, with feveral dreams. In
1745 it furrendered, with Cape Breton,
to the EngliOi. The capital is Cbarlotte*
town.
John, St. a liver which rifes in the NW
part of the diilridt of Main, flows n£
mto New Brunfwick, where it foon tak(?s
a s^K courfe, and enters the bay of
Fundy, at the city of St. John. It is
navigable 60 miles fiirfloops of 50 tons,
and about soo for boats ; and aiBfords a
•^'*
coinfl|||i and iiear route horn the |Mfo*
viocfl 4^ New Bnmfwick to Quebec.
Johth ^- a city oi New Bninfwick;
fituateatwe mouth of the river St. John,
in the bay oC Fundy. Lojq. 65 J5 w,
lat.4ji3v>
JtfiM, ^tk: chief town of Newfound-
land, fituate on the e fide of the ifland.
It hat a fuod harbour, entirely land-
locked, and defended by fisveral forts,
in one of which the, governor of the
illand reluks. Lon. 5 s a6 w, lat. 47
JohMf St' the capital of Antigua. It
18 one of the moft regular towns in the
W Indies, and has the rtiuft commo-
dious harbour in the I.eeward iilands.
Lon. 6a 9 w, lat. 17 4 k.
Johh^t' A town and fort of Lower
CanacU) on the w bank of Snrrel river,
at the N end of Lake Gbamplain. In
xjg6» it was made the fole port of
entry and clearance for all goods' im-
ported from the United States into
Canada. It is ao miles e by s of Mon-
treal, and I ic N by B of Crown Point.
Lon. 73 ao w, lat. 45 a5 n.
Jtbii d'Acre, St. See Acre.
Johtuhentent a village of Scotland, . in
Kincvdinefliire, with a harbour for
fmall veflels, four miles ssw of Bervie.
It was formerly a great iilihjjig town,
but is now more noted for aN exten&ve
manufadure of canvas.
JohnstoHt a town <^ New York,
chief of Montgomery county, on the "a
bank ttf Mohawk river, 24 miles wnw
.ofScbeoedady.
Johitstttum, a town of Upper Canada,
extending near a mile on itie river St.
Lawrence, it i? 50 miles n b of Kingf-
town, and 100 sw of Montreal. Lon.
7j low, lat. 444a N.
JoAastowa, St. a borough of Ireland,
in the county of Donegal, on the river
Foyle, five niiles ssw of Londonderry.
Johor, or Jor, a town of the penin-
fula of Malaya, capital of a kingdom
of the fame name. It was deft royed
by the Portuguefe in 1603, but has
been rebuilt, and is feated near the s
coaft, 150 miles SE of Malacca. Lon.
103 30 K,lat. I 35 N.
Joigay, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Yonne, furrounded by
th'ck walls, and feated near the Yonne,
17 miles ssE of Sens.
JoinvUIe, a town of France, in the
department of Upper iVjarne, with a
magnificent caftle, leatedon the Marne,
35 miles sw of Bar le Due
Jona. bee Icolmkill.^
Joneshorought a town of TeneflVe,
capital of the diftriA of Wailiington,
feated near the foot of the Iron moun-
I f» 8 K
taltn, f 6 mUes b by n of KnoxviHtf.
I^n. 8a 40 w, lat. 36 S s.
Jonkopimgf a town of Swed<;n, in
Smuland, and the featj , of j^ftice for
QothU-nd. It has a ftrohg cit<ifUI« and
a manifafture of arms. The boufet.
are <^iefly of wood { and «m the roof
is fpread layers of birch bark, covered
with turf (^ inofs, nsany of them |irit-
ducing herbage, and fame oFnamentek
with flowers. It is feated near the s
end of the lake Wetter, 80 miles www
of Calmar. Lon. 14 46 e, lat. 57 la k.
Joodpowr, a town of HiaJooftao, ca-
pital of a circar of the fame name, in
th<! province of Agimere; feated near a
branch of the Pudda, 100 miles wsw of
Agimere. Lon. 73 4B ^ . lat. a6 9 tt,
JordaHt a river of Syria, which rifea
in Mount Libanus, and flows s through
the lake of T'berias, to the Dead fea.
Jarjatiy or Kor^an^ a town of PerSat
in Chorafan, capital of a diftri£t of ita
name, bordering on the Cafpian fea. • It
is 60 miles e by n of Aiterabad, and
lao w of Melched. Lou. 563 b, 1U«
3S56N.
Jorkath a town of Bohemia, in the
circle of Saatz, where great quantities
of beer are brewed. On a mountain
by the town is the magnificent caltle of
Kotbenhaus, and near it are celebrated
alum-works. It is Ave miles n of Com-
motau.
Josselitii a towaof France, in the de-
partment of Morbihan, 25 miles nkk
of Vannes.
Jouarct a town of France, in the de-
partment of Seine and Mariie, 10 milet
SE of Meaux, and 35 e of Paris.
Joitd. See Jebud.
Joux, Mount. See Jura^ Mount.
Joyeuse, a town of FraiKe, in the de-
partment of Avdechf, feated on the
Baune, a; niiles s«- .if Privas.
{pho/ent a town ol Franconia, in the
principality or Wurtxburg, 15 miles
EiE ol" Wuit/.bnrg. v
I/>s, a town of Auftria, fituate near
the conflux of the Ips with the Danube,
aa milt's wol'St. P .;:en.
ll>srtlay a town of fiuropean Turkey,
in Ru:iiania, and a Greek archbilhop's
fee. Near it are inmes of alum; and
red wine is an article of commerce. It
is fbated on the Mi^rifla, 60 miles, .s of
Adrianople, and 130 w of Cunllanti-
nople. Lon. 26 10 k, lat. 40 57 n.
ip'.era, a finaii ifland in tne Archi-
pelago, in the form of a heart, 15 miles
Nwofthe iOandofScio. Tottinwis
another fmali iilanJ^ called .4nti-lpfera.
Ipsheiuit a town of Franconia, in the
4>rincipality of Bayreuth, 17 miles nnw
of.Anfpach.
4 •
* IRE
fptvikhi a borough and princij)^!
town of SaffbHc, go>rerned by a mayor,
with jt market on Wednefday, Friday ^
and Saturday. It was once furrminded
by a wall, traces M which are yet to be
Ijben. It is inregtilariy built, and has
'declined from its former confeqiience ;
but now contains 12 parifli churches, a
fuUdbalU . and a'cuftomhoufe with a
good quay. In 1801 the number of
inhabitants, was 10,043. Much com
and malt is fei.t hence to London, and
timber to the different dockyards. It
has a confidsrable coafting trade, a fmall
fliare of foreign commerce, and fends
fhips to Greenland. Veflfcls of lar^e
burden are obliged to ftop at fome dif-
tance below the town. It is the birth-
place of cardinal WoIf«>y ; and is fcatcd
on the Orwell, a6 miles sr of Bury St.
Edmund, and 69 mt of London. Lon.
I 16 E, lat. 51 8 N.
Ipswich, a town of Maflachufets, in
Eflex county, featcd on both iidcs of a
river of its name, over which is a ftone
' bridge, though it has a barred harbour
and fhoals in the river, fome vcH'els
trade to the W Indies. Large qur.nti-
ties of filk and thread) lace are manu-
faAurcd here. The judicial courts for
the country are held here once a year.
It fiands near the mouth of the river,
25 miles NNB of Bofton. Lon. 70 is
w, lat. 4a 40 N.
Irahatty. See Irrawaddif.
Irac'Agtmu a province of Perfia;
bounded on the w by Irac-Arabi and
Kofiftan, N by Aderbeitzan and Ghilao,
X by Couheftan, and s by Farfiilan.
Ifpahan is the capital.
Irac-Arabi (the ancient Chaldta) a
provin4:e of Turkey in Alia ; bounded
«n the w by the defert of Arabia, n by
Curdiftan and Diarbek, e by IracrAge-
jni and Kufiftan, and s by the^gulf of
Flrrfia and Arabia. It is watered by
the Euphrates and Tigris ; and ie almoft
ail under the dominion of the Turks.
^Bagdad i& the ca^tal.
Irtbtft a town in Cumberland, with a
market on Thurfday, ft;ated in a valley,
at the foufce of the Ellen, 10 miles ne
of Cockcrmouth, and 303 knw of
I^ndon.
Irtlandy a large ifland of Europe,
lying to the w of that of Great Bri-
tain. It is 280 miles in length, and 160
in breadth ; bounded on the e by St.
f fCOrge channel and the Irilli fta, which
iVparatc it from England aiul Wales;
on the NE bv .1 channel, cillcd the
North Channel, 34 miles broad, which
fcparatfs it from Scotland ; and on
every other Ijde by the ocean. It con-
tains atout 19,41; 6,000 acre?, and tic
population/ fs upward of s.ol^ooo.
Ireland is ^dividipd into four pro^bces •
namely, Ulftef td the K, Leiitftfr to the e|
Munfter to the s, and Coflnat%ht to the
w ; and tbefenre fubdivided into 3,
counties. IJIfter contains the counties
of Down, Armagh, Monaghan, Cavan,
Antrim, Londonderry, Tyronnei Fer-
managh, and Done;,'al : Leinfter has
thofe of Dublin, Louth. VTicklow,
Wexford, Longford, Eaft M^th, Weft
Mcath, Kings county, Qi»e««B county,
Kilkenny, Kildare, and Carlow : Mun-
tter includes Clare, Cork, Itcrry, Li.
merick, Tipperary, and Watcrford:
and Connaught has Leitrim, Rofconj-
mon, Mayo, Sligo; and Galway. The
climate of Ireland is mild and tempe-
rate, but more humid than in England.
In general, it is a level country, well
watered with lakes and rivers ; and the
foil, in moft parts, is very good and
fertile j even in thofe places where the
bogs and morafTtis have b<!en drained,
there is good meadow ground. It pro- ,
duces com, hemp, and flax, in great
plenty ; and there are fo many cattle,
that beef and butter are exported to
foreign parts; and not only the En-
glifli, but other fhips, frequently come
to be yi*51uallcd here. The other com
modities are, hides, weol, tallow, wood,
fait, honey, and wax. The principalma-
nufadure is fine liiien cloth, • which is
brought to great perfe^on, apd tho
trade in it is very great. This country
is well fituate fiw foreign trade on ac-
count yf its many fecure and commo-
dious bays and harbours. Its principal
rivers are the Shannon, Foyle, Liffey,
Boyne, Sure, Barrow, Blackwater, and
Lee. The laws of Ireland differ but
little from thofe of England ; and the
eflablifhed religion is the fame: but
the majority of the people are Roman
catholics, and yet retain their nominal
biihops and dignitaries. The eccleliaf-
tical diflri(^t8 are four archbiflioprics and
eighteen bifhoprics ; the former are
Armagh, Dublin, Cafhel, and Tuam;
the latter are Dromore, Down and Cou-
noT,Londonderry, Raphoe,Clogher, Kil-
more and Ardagh, Mcath, Kildare,
Ferns and Leighlin, Oflory, Watcrford
and Lifmore, Cloyne, Cork and Rofs,
Limerick, Ardfert and 'ighadoe, Kil-
laioe and Kilfenora, Cloniert and Kil-
macduagh, Elphin, and Killala and
Achonry. Formerly, .this kingdom had
a parliament, which was fubordinate to
that of Gn-at Britain ; but, in ifloo, it
was dt'emi'd expcditnt for the welfare
of Ireland that it flioiild be united to
Great Britain. The two parliaments
pafll'd acts for that purpofi', arid tbp
1 RH
two 1;ingJoR>8, at the comihencement
©f 1801, were ftyledthe United King-
dom of Great Britain and Ireland: and 3 3
peers (four of them biniop8)and looconv-
moners of Ireland, are elefted to reprc-
ftnt that country in the Imperial Parlia-
ment* aflembled in England. The lord
lieutenant of Ireland, as well as the coan-
cili are appointed, from time to time, by
the king. The common Iriib are ge-
nerally repreff nted as an ignorant, un-
dniifed, and blundering fort of people,
implacable and violent in ail their af-
fcAions, but quick of appreheniton,
courteous tb ftrangers, and patient of
liardfliips. Their diet confifts chiefly
of coarfe bread, potatoes, and butter-
milk i the favorite liquor is ufquebaugh,
an ardent diftillation from com^ and
the rural cottage is a wretched hov^l of
mud. The manners of the fuperior
ciafles differ little fromthofe of the fame
rank in England ; but the gentry are
more addidted to hunting and other
robuft exercifes, than to literature and
the arts. Dublin is the capital.
Ireland, Nenv. See Britain, New-
Irjah, a town of the country of Cabul,
feated near a weftem branch of the
Indus, no miles ssw of Cabul. Lon.
6i IS E, lat. 33 20 N.
Irhhtotun. See Kilkennif.
Iriett, or Iriipn. See Tarkan.
Irkutsk, the largeft and leaft-popu-
I0U8 government of the Ruffian empire,
compriHn); all the E part of Siberia,
from the Northern ocean to the frontiers
of Chinefe Tartary, and from the boun-
daries of the government of Tobollk to
theEaftern ocean. This large territory
was gradually conquered and appro-
priated by the Ruffians in their defultory
excurfions from Tobolflc. It is divided
into the four provinces of Irkutlk,
Kertchinlk, Yakulflc, and Okbtfti.
Irkutsk, a town of Siberia, capital of
the government of the fame name, and
the fee of a bifhop. It is a place of
confiderable commerce, the caravans
pafling through it which trade to China,
and^ being the knt of fupreme jurif-
didion over eaftern Siberia. There are
fevcral churches and other edifices of
ftone, and the wooden houfes are large
and convenient. The inhabitants are
eftimatcd at ia,oop. It ftands on the
river Angara, near the lake Baikal, 900
miles ESE of Tobollk. Lon. 104 58 E,
lat. 524 M.
Iroquoif. See Lawrence, St.
^ Irrawaddy, or /r^74<i«_y, a confiderable
river of Afi.ij which rifes in Tibet, flows
s througii the kingdom of Birmah and
Pegu, and enters the bay of Bengal by
frvcral mouihs. On it? banks are pro'-
<Ioced great qoantities of the ffneft teale
timber, fo much ef^eeiitv^d in'lbip-bMild-
ing. The principal market tor tliis
valuable timber is Rangoon, at the mofr
eaftern mouth of this river.i <
lrtysh% a river of Sibet^, which IX-
fues from the lake Saiikn* in Chinefie
Tartary, runs nw between the two
countries above 300 idiles, then flows
by Omlk, TobeiHk, andSatnarofj below *
which it JQ^ns the Oby.
Irvine, a river of Scotland, »n Ayr-
ihire, which palHts by Newmills and
Kilmarnock to the town of Irvine, be-
low which it enters the frith of Clyde.
Irvine, a borough of Scotland, ii|
Ayrihire. The chief trade is the ex-
porting of coal to Ireland- Here is s
dock.yard, a large tan-work, and ma-
nufadtures of carpets, muflins, iilks,
lawns, &c. It is feated near the mouth
of the river Irvine, 10 miles n of Ayr*
and 24 sw of Glafgow. Lon. t). 36 w,
lat. 55 39 N. ^
Irwell, a river in Lancafliire, which
rifes above Bolton, flows thence to
Manchefter, andjeipathe Merfey, be-
low Flixton.
Isabella, a town on the k coaft of
Hifpaniola, founded by Chriftopher
Columbus in 1493. Lon. 712 w, lat.
Iscbiay an iflHud of Naples, 1 j milei
In circuit, lying three miles off the coaft
of Terra di Lavoro. It is mountainous;
but abounds in minerals, fulphur, fruits*
and excellent wine. Frelh water it
fcarce, and the rain is-coUefted in cif-
tcrns ; but the air is healthy, and there
are feveral hot baths, on which account
it is much reforted to by invalids.
Ischia, an epiicopal city of Naples,
capital of the ifland of its name, with a
ftrong fort. It (lands upon a rock,
which is joined totheidand by a bridge,
and is like a pyramid of houies piled
one upon another. At the end of the
bridge, next the city, are iron gates,
which open into a fubterranean paflage,
through which the city is entered. Lon.
14 2 E, lat. 40 41 N.
Isenburg, a town of Germany, In the
circle of Lower Rhine, which gives
name to a county. It is fi-atcd on the
rivulet Ifer, 48 nailes n w of Frank-
fort.
Isenburg, a town of Germany, in the
circle of Upper Rhine, which gives
name to a county. It is feated near the
Maine, three miles s by b of Frank-
fort.
ijeo, a town of Italy, in Brefciano, on
the SK fide of a lake of the fame name,
10 miles Nw of Brcfcia.
Iser, a river of Germany, which rifes
:
i
i '
I8L
on the confinei of Tyrol tind Bawariai
paflet by M^ iicb ana Landfchut, and
Joint the 'Danube, between Strwbing
and Paflau.
Jjere, a department of France, in-
cludinj^ part of the late province of
Dauphiny. It is fo natncd from a riVsT*
whicn riles in Savoy, crofles this de-
rnient bv Grenoble* Moirans, and
Marcclhn, and joins the Rhone,
above Valence. Gcnoble is the cajpital.
herkhn, a town of Wcftphalia, in
the county of Mark, with manufadlures
of iron, tin, velvets, filks, and ftuffs*
It is 40 miles e by n of DulFeldorf
Istrma, a town of Naples, in the
Moliil', at the foot of the Apennines.
In 1805 it was dtftroyed by an earth-
quake, and upward of 1500 peJ^ona
perifhod. It is i a miles w of &folite.
higny, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Calvados, 15 miles w by n
bfBayeux.
his- See TbamU'
lila, or //a, an ifland of Scotland,
one of the Hebrides, to the sw of Jura,
from which it is feparated by a narrow
channel, called the Sound cf Ifla. It
is ar miles lon^, and 15 Iwoad. On the
K fide the iurtace is hilly, and covered
with heath, but the greater part of the
ifland is flat, and, where uncultivated,
covered with a fine green fward. In
the centre of the ifland is Loch Finla*
gan, about three miles in circuit, with
an iflet of the fame name in the middle,
' where the great lonl of the ifles re*
iided ; but tbe palaces and offices are
DOW in ruins. Jfla has mines of iron,
lead, copper, em^ry, quickfdver, and
black-lead; with immcnfe ftores of
limcftone, marl, coral, and fliell-fand,
for manure- Much flax is railed here,
a great number of cattle fed, and a
large quantity of whilky diftilled. Tbe
principal village is Bowmore, which hat
a convenient harbour and quay. Lon.
5 58 w, lat. 55 45 N.
itiamabadt a town of Hindooftan, in
Bengal, capital of the country of Chitti-
gong ; fituate on the Currumfully, near
its entrance into the bay of Bengal,
£10 miles B of Calcutta* Lon. 91 55
E, lat. aa aa N.
JslaHdsf Bay of, a bay of New Zea-
land, at the N extremity of the r^oft
northevn of the two iflands that go
under that name. In 1772, M. Du-
frefne Marion, with two French floops
put into this bay. and with a8 of his
crew, were mur4ered by the natives.
_ Jsh Adam% a town of France, in the
department of Seine and Oife, feated
on the Oife, ao miles n by w of Paris.
ItU ofBeevett an ifland in tbe bay of
IS N-
Caomaachy, 17 miles long and ciahb
broad. It is fertilci and abounds k
cattle and fhiits.
IsU Boiuhardt a town of France, in
the department of Indre and Loire
furrounded by the Vienne, ai miles ssw
of Tours.
IsU DieUf a fmall ifland of France,
14 miles from the coaft of Poiton. It
w s taken by the Englifli in 1795, hut
foon after _ evacuated. Lon. a i< w,
lat. 46 4? N. .
LU He Franee. See France^ hie of.
Isle Jourduin^ a town of France, in
the department of Gers, feited on an
ifland m the river Save, eight miles n
of Jombe/..
Zr/rworM, a village in Middlefex.
feated on the Thames, nine miles w of
London. Here are many elegant villas;
and near it is Sion-houfe. the magni-
ficent i'cat of the duke of Northumber-
land.
Islington^ a large village in .Mid.
dUfex. N of London, to which it is now
contiguous. The New River is re-
ceived at the sw end of it, into a largt*
refervoir, whence its water is conveyed,
in pipes, to all parts of the metropolis.
Near this is a (bring of chalybeate water,
called New Tunbridge Wells. 1 o the
E of the town, is a manufaAure of
white lead.
Isltpi a village in Oxfordfhire, on tlir
river Cherwell, five miles n of Oxford.
It is noted for being the birthplace of
Fdward the confefTor, whofe father
had a palace near the church, not a
trace of which is now remaining.
Ismailt a ftrong town of European
Turkey, in BelTarbia. The RulfianH
took it by ftorro, in 1790 ; and it is laid,
that the lone fiege, and the capture,
did not coft tnem left than 20,000 men.
The brave garrifon merited the higheit
honours, but they were maflacred by
the Ruflians ; and the city was aban*
doned to the fury of the brutal fuldiery.
Ifmail is feated on the n fide of the
Danube, 140 miles s by w of Bender.
Lon. 29 50 E, lat 45 1 1 N.
Ismaning, a town of Bavaria, which
gives name to a county. It is fitnate
on the Ifer, eight miles nne of Munitii,
and nine ssw of Freifingen.
Ismidf or Is-Niimidy a town of Afia-
tic Turkey, fuppofed to have been the
ancient Nicomedia, tbe capital of Bi*
thinia. It is fituate on a bay of the fea
of Marmora, 45 miles ese of Con-
ftantinoplc. Lon. 29 47 e, lat. 40 sj k>
hmtdt a town of Afiatic Turkey, in
Caramania, 24 mile$ esk of Cogni.
fsnic, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in
Natolla, and a Gre#k archbifliop's. f^e-
n
i^^a
• long and eighth
and «boundi in
•wn of France, in
Indre and Loire,
nne, ai miles saw
ijland of France,
ift of Polton. It
flifli in 1795, but
• Lon. a ij yf^
'■ France^ Itle of.
wn of France, in
ers, felted on an
'e, right miles n:
re in Middlefcx,
> nine milts w of
ny elegant villas ;
Jufe. the magni-
of Northumber-
villa^:* in Mid-
o which it is now
«w River is re-
ofit, intoalargi-
'ater is conveyed,
►f the metropolis,
chalybeate watei ,
sWella. To the
manufaAure of
fordfbire, on thf
les N of Oxford.
ic birthplace of
, whoU; father
church, not a
^maining.
vn of European
The RulfiaoH
0; and it is laid,
nd the capture,
tan 20)000 men.
ited the higheft
c maflacred by
city was abaU'^
brutal foldiery.
N fide of the
w of Bender.
I.
Bavaria, which
It is fitnate
NEofMuniCjt,
■en.
townof Afia-
have been the
capital (>f Bi-
bay of the fca
ESE of C'on-
, lat. 4037 N.
:ic Turkey, in
of Cogni.
lie Turkey, in
jhbifhop's. fee.
I S 9
tt \» the ancient Nice, funoui for the
firft general council h«ld here in a as.
Nothing remains of ity luicient fplcu*
dour but an aquedud. The Jews in-
habit the greater part of it; and filk
forms the principal artide of trade. It
is feated in a country fertile in com and
wine, 60 milea sb i^>f Conftantinc^k;.
Lon. 30 9 B, lat. 40 13 N. .-
hnyt a town ot Suabia, with an abr-
bey, called St. George, whofe abbot was
a ftate of the empire. It is feated on
the Ifny, 18 miles kb of Lindau.
holat a town of Naples, in Calabrij^
Ulteriore, 18 miles se of St. Severino.
Ispahany a celebrated city, capiti^l of
Perfia, in the province of Irac-Agemi.
It is I a miles in circumference, fituate
ia the middle of a plain, furrounded on
all fides by mountains at eight milet
diftaiicu, and^ near the river Senderud>
which fupplics it with water. The
huufes have flat roofs, on which the in>
habitants walk, e^t, and lie, in fummer,
for the fake of the cool air. The ftreets
are not paved, but always clean, a\ it
feldom rains here; and many of them
have a canal, planted on each fide
with trees. Here are a greatnumber
of magnificent palaces} and that of the
king is above two miles in circumfer-
ence. .Themofquesi bazars, caravan-
faries, public baths, and coffeehoufes,
are very numerous. The inhabftants
were computed at above 600,000; but
this kingdom having been long diftrad-
ed by civi' wars, the principal towns
are greatly depopulated. Ilpahan has
three fuburbs calkxl Julfa, Hafunbath,
and kebrabath; the firft is very large,
and jpofleflcd by the Armenians.
Though at a diitance from the fea, it
carries on a great trade, people of feve-
ral najti.ens reforting here for the fake
of traffic- Itisa6o miles NE of Baflb-
ra. Lon. 53 ^i e, lat> 32 35 n.
liperlickt a town of. European Tur-
key, in Servia, 24 miles NN^.pf Nif-
fa. . . ,
htel. Sec TsseL
tisengeauXi a town of France, in the
department of Upper Loire, 17 miles
NBofPuy.
Ifiequibot or Essequebot a fettlement
of the Dutch in Guiana, on a river of
the fame name, and contiguous to that
of Demerara. The river is ao miles
wide at its mouth, and more than 300
in length. See Demerara.
Issigenc, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Dordogne, la miles ssw
of Bergerac.
luoire, a town of France, in the de-
partment uf Puy de JDomc, feated qu
If A
the CouM, near the AUier, 15 mile*
st« of Clermont.
luouduH, a town of< France, in the
department of Indre, with a caftle.
Its trade is in wood, cattle. ,cloth, bi^
and ftockingt. It is fixated on the
Theols, 17 miles w of Bourge8» and 155
a of Paris.
h 4wr Title, a town of France, in
the departmeut of C6te d'Or, fated on .
the Tille, la miles tt of Dijou.
Ist»pa% a town of Mexico, in the pro-
vince of Tabafco, on the river Tabwo,
60 miles sw of Tabafco.
Ltafa, a town of Mexico, in the
province of Mechoacan, at the mouth
of the Tlaluc, 30 miles se of Zacatula.
htapat a town of Mexico, in the
province of Culiacan, 40 miles B by s
of Culiacan.
htria, a diftriA of Italy, forming a
kind of pcninfula on the nk part of the
gulf of Venice. It is bounded by Car-
niola on the ne, and on all other fides
by the fea. The foil produces plenty
of wine, oil, and pafture; and there-are
({uarries of fine marble ; alfo foreftttbat
IMToduce not only abundance of fire-
wood and ihip-timber, but likewi^
plenty of i^ame. Part of Iftri.-\ belong-
ed to Venice, and part to Auftria; by
the treaty at Campo Formio, Auftria
became poflefTed of the whole ; and by
the treaty at Prefburg, it was ceded to
Italy. Capo d'lftria is the capital.
Italy, a country of Europe, bounded
on the N and nk by SwiiTerland and
Germany, ■ by the gulf of Venice, a
by the Meditenanean, and w by that
fea and France. Its figure has been
compared to that of a high boot: its
length, from the utmoft point of the
Milanefe to the gulf of Squillace, is 670
miles ; its bres^^th, between France and
Germany, is 350 tniles, but the medi- '
ate breadth between the Mediterranean
and the gulf of Venice is only no.
This claflical and interefting country
has been, in all ages of hillory, divided
into three parts, the noithern, central,
and ibuthem. The northern had the
appellation of Ciialpine Gaul; the cen-
tral was the feat oi^ Roman and Etru-
rian power; an(> the fouthem, having
received many Greek colonies, was
called Magna Grxcia. In the middle -
ages the kingdom of Lombardy and
that of Naples held the two extremes,
and the Eccleiiaftical and Tufcan ftates
occupied the centre. In mere modern
times the northern part became divided
into a great number of ftates ; and pre^
vious to the late alterations made hy
the French the whole country was dt«
it A
«Mled III the following maxlnet. ' Be
tween the confines t>f France and Swif-
jferland» on the w^ and w were the ton-
tinental domiiitcns of the king^ of Sar-
dinia, natnety, Snvoy, Nice« Fledihont,
part of the Milancfe, and Ooeglia. To
the NB are the territories of Venice,
which are enumerated under' th<it ar-
ticle. South of thcfe, ivctt th(! dotni-
iiiOnB o# the emperor of Germany,f
namely, part of the Milaneft and the
Mantuan ; and s of the Iatt€f' is the
Mod«to«fe, which bclongotl to llie duke
of Modena. Wf^ of the Mbdenefe is
the duchy of Parma, whofc forereign
is of the houfe of Bourbon; to the sw
of vichich lic» the republic of Cenoa J
Tnd SB of this, that of Lucca. lience
exteadt<, along the coaft of the Medi-
terranean, the grand duchy of Tufcany.
The Ecclefiartlcal State, or tenitory 6f
the pope, lies ite alnd b of Tufcany,
between the gulf of Venice and the
Mediterranean ; and all- s of this is the
kingdom of Naples. Of the prefent
uofettled ftate of thi» country a brief
account muft he given.' Savoy, Nice,
and Piedmont have been annexed to
Fcance. By the treaty,of Campo For-
inio, in 1797, the Venetian territoriea
to the e and n of the river Adige were
ded to Auflria ; and the remainder of
>tf Venetian ftates, with the duchies of
tdodvna, iMilan, and Mantua, the prin-
cipality of Maflh, and the three lega-
tions of Fcrrara, Bologna, and Romag-
na in the I'^ccleriaftical State, were ere^*-
♦d into a- government by the French,
and called the Cifalpine Republic. This
republic was overturned in 1799, bitt
xeftored after the battle of Marengo in
r&oo; and in 1802 it received a new
conftitution, under the name of the
Italian Republic, and Bonaparte, then
iirft conful of France', wa8 eledled pre-
fident. In March :8oj, the Italian re-
public was erected into a kingdom, and
the emperor of Fr^ce airuined the title
of Kipg of Italy. In December follow-
ing tte Auftrian part of the Venetian
ftatCB^'were added to its territories, by
the treaty of Prefburg. The kingdom
is divided into departments, and the
city of Milan is the capital. Hee Tus-
tany^ Beckiiattical Suite, and Ndplest
for further changes in the government
of this country, the whole of which
feems to be under the control of France.
'J'he air of Italy is veiy different, ac-
cordiug to the different fituations of
the countries it cont^iinb: in thofc on
the NE lide of the ApenniQes,itis more
temperate; but on the sw it is very
warm ; in Canr.pagno di Roma, and the
Pdrarefe, it is JTaitl to be unwholefeme^
from the lands not being duly cultivat-
ed, nor the raarihes drained; 'but in tht
other parts it is generally pure, dry^
and healthy. The principal rivers are
the Po, Tiber, Arno, Adige, and Yarj
and there are feveral fine Takes, as the
Maggiore, LugAno, Comb, Garda, Pe-
rugia, Bracciano, and Gelano. The
Ibiii in general, is very fertile. It pro-
duces a great variety of wmes, and the
beft oil in Europe; excellent (ilk in
abundance ; corn of all forts, but not
in-fi'idh plenty as in other couptries;
qranjges, lemonsj citrons, pomegranates,
almonds, raifnra, fi>gar, tigs, peaches,
apricots, pears, apples, filberts, cheft-
n\)ts, &c. Moft of thefd frnits were at
firft imported by the Romans from Alia
MinOf, Gi'eecp, Africa, and Syria, and
were not the natural produ«^s of the
foil. This country alfo yields good
pafture, and aboundti with cattle, Iheep,
goats, buffalos, wild boars, mules, and
horfes. The foreffs are well (tor«d with
gftme; and the mountains have not
only mines of iron, lead, alum, fnlphur,
marble Of alt forts, alabafter, jafpcr,
porphyry, &c. but alfo gold and filvef j
with a great variety of aromatic herbs,
trees, mrubs, and evergreens'. Wine,
oil, perfumes, fruits, and iilfrs, are the
prlncipKl articles of exportation; and
great fumtf of money are expended by
travellers in the purchai^ of pidlures,
curiofitiev, relics, antiquities, kc N6'
country has produced lietter politicians,-
hiftorians, poets, muficians, painters,-
ami fcUlptors ; that is, fince the revival
of the arts and fciences, exc1ufiv6 of
thofe of ancient times. The Italian^.
are generally well proportioned ; but of
their complexion they cannot boalt.
With refpeft to drefs, they follovv' the
fafliiohs of the countries on which they
border, or to which they are fubjetA.
They are very affable', Courteous, inge-
nious, fober and ready-fitted'; bat ex-
tremely jealous, vindictive, lafci'vious^
ceremonious, and fuperititiOus< tn
their difpofition they are a medium be-
tween the French and Spaniards;
neither fo gay and volatile as the one)
nOr fo grave and folemn as the other.
Their fondnefs for greens, fruits, and
vegetables of all kinds, contributes to
their contentment and fatisfadti n ; and
an Italian gentleman or peafant can be
luxurious at a very fmall-expenfi?. The
women afteiil yellow hair, as did for-
merly the Roman ladies and courtezans,
and ufe paints and waihes, both for
their hands and face. MafqiieradcH,
gaining, horfe-racfs without riders, ami
cpitTcHadofn 9r a(Qiin|>lics, «re the
chief divtrriQn» of the lUUanSf exceptr
juAM^if ipu» exhibitions, in. which they
jiqeppmpoup beyond all other nation*'
fijerf are fMl^-oqe archbi(hopric8 in
Italy, hnt the .biihoprics are too iadv-
£aite and Arbitrary to be depended 6n {
the pope creating or fupprefllng them
at be plcaftis. The eftabliflied relizi.on
ii the Roman catholic; but all feds
litre unmolefted, provided no groTa ixir
h^t is offered to their worfliip. Their
tangu»gt>, a corruption of the Latin, is
ivma^kable for its fmoottfnefs, and is
luA to be fpokcn in its great^ll purity
at Florence- ».
hdmarca. See Tanuit'ua''
luJKift or i^Jret a river in Harapfliirc,
which rifes near Alresfbrd, ,fl(»w8 by
Winchefter, and enters the bay of South<i
ampton, at the town of that name.
/ri^^/iorf, a to\vn of Lower Saxony, In
IIolftc'in,.with a fortreft., A duty is
cxafte'd here from all mips coming up
tbt Stocr, on «(hich. river it is feated,
iimUes NNB ofQluckftadt^and 33 nw
of Hamburg. ;
J««p, ^t. or Dfsajjuaderci, a riveif of
M(eiuco^.which 'is the outlet of the^lake
Il^ic^gua. It flows, >fpom the ^Ucbr^
i\erof Mie lake, in ^n eafterly dire)::^iony
between the provinces of Nicaragua
and Cofta Rica, into the Caribbean
Juan, St. a town of Mexico, in the
province of Nicaragua, fituate at the
head of the river St Juan, no miles
£ of Nicaragua. Lon. 84 45 w, lat. 1 1
15 "• •
Jmn, St. the capital of California,.
fUuate on the w coaft, 100 miles Ntfw
of Cape St. Lucar.' Lon. 1 13 o w, lat.
a6 15 N.
Juan de la Fronteroy St. a town «f
Chili. Its territory contains mines of
gold, and a kind of almonds that are
very delicate. It is feated near the lake
Guanacho, on ihe e fide of the Andes,
150. miles N of Mendoza. Lon. jo 15
w,lat.3a5S.
Juan de Fucat Strait of, a large bay
or gulf .of the Pacific ocean, on the w
coaft of N America. The (entrance is
in lon. 12455 ^» '•**• 48 35 *^»
Juaif de Porto Rico, St. the capital of
the illand of Porto Rico, with a good
harbour, defended by jTeyeral forts. It
is a bifhop's fee, well built, and better
inhabite<j than moft of the Spanifli
towns. It was taken by fir Francis
Drake, and afterward by the earl of
Cumberland, who was forced to aban-
don it from lofing moll: of his men by
fickuefs. Ift 1615, the Dutch took and
J UD
plundered this city» but could not re-
tain it. It ftands on a-peninAila, on
the N coaft of the ifland. Lon. 66 45
w,.]at. ijB 3917.
Juan de Vlhm, St, a fnull illand ilt
the gulf of, Mexico. See flera Cruz,
Juafi, FiTHande*, an ifland in the Pa<
cific ocesuif lying 1 10 le^jjuesw of Chili.
It was formerly uninhabited; and Alex*
ander Selkirk^ a Scotchnun, was ief^
03 ihore, in this folitary jplac^,. bv hwi
captain, and lived pniny years,, till he
was difcoveredjn 1 709. The narratiyti
of his proceedmgs' in this iHand, gave
rife to the celettf:atjed produdtion« The
Adventures of Kobinfon Crufoe. The
ifland is. about 40 miles in circqmfer- ,
ence, and, at; a <liftance .api>ears like a,
naked roclc ; but there, a^e inteirfe^ing
y,^|iqs, covered wi^h wood, and a great
number of goats on the fides of every
hill. In 1766, a fettlement was made
by the Spaniards, on the s and higheft
part of. this ifland, at Cumberland bay,
whiqVis defended by batteries. The
^9wn:ia fituate in a fine valley, betweea
tv(o high' b>.UB» and every houfe \m a
garden, with .arbours fliaded with vines.
Lon. 79 30 w, lat. j3 40 s.
Ivangorod. See Narva.
Fvanitz, a town of Croatia, on the
river Lonia, 42 miles N E of Carlftadt*
Lon. 16 14 E, lat. 46 5 Vf .
Jtdfo, a kingdom of Afi'iQa, on the
coafl: of AJan, with a capital of the
fame name, fybjeA to the Portuguefe.
Lon. 43 so E, lat. o 50 v.
Jucatan, or, Xucatwt^ a proviujce and
peninfuIajpf/^<|^ico, oppofite the'iflaod
of Cuba. It^phijefts, from, the co*^
tinent uo leagues, and extends 50 in
breadtljj ., The s part has mountains^
rivers, and lakes ; and produces a great
quantity of logwood and mahogany, as
alfo fugar, cafua, and maize. Here tli«
Englifli have a fettlement, on *.be coafi:
of the bay^ of Honduras, between tjw;
rivers_ Bellize and Rio Hondo. The w
part is lefs produdive, and not only
without mountains, but alraoft without
any inequality of ground. The inha-
bitants are fupplied with water from
pits, and, wherever they dig them, find
It ill abundance ; but tiiere is not a
river or ftream. Merida is the capital ;
but fome give that appellation to the
town of Campeachy.
Judenburg, a town of Germany, ca-
pital of Upper Stiria, with a handfome
caftle. The public buildings, with the
fquare, are magnificent. This towa
was taken by the French, in 1797. It
is feated on tlie Muer, 40 miles w of
Gratzt Lon. 14 24 e, lat. 47 10 n.
I
JUL
JuJhignet a town of the Nethfrlands*
In Brabant/near which are Uk' mint of
m ancient caftle. It it feated on the
river Gcte» 13 miles sse of Louvain.
JveUhejUr. See lUheiter.
Ives, St. a borough in Cornwall, go*
vrmed bf a mayor, with a market on
Wcdnedav and Saturday. It it feated
bn a bay of the fame name, which being
vn&l^, fa frequented by fifliermen only.
Here is a good grammar-lcltool, found*
ed by Charles i.' It is eight miles nb
of fentance, and a;; w by s of Lon*
don*
Ivesf St. a town in Hnntingdonihire,
with a market on Monday ; feated on
the river Oufe, iix mifeii rb of Hunting*
don, and 59 v by w of London.
JugoHt a town of France, in the de-
partment of Cotea du Nord, on the
Arqneon, 19 mites sse of St. Brieux.
ivicoy or AiW, an ifland of the Me-
diterranean, j6 miles sw of Majorca.
It id about 60 miles in circumference,
and mountainous; bnt fertile in com
and^frults. A great qaantity of fait ia
mad* herej highly efteemed for its
Wliirenefs. The capital, of the fame
name, which Itandston the s fide of the
illand, is little more than a fortrefs, and
bq/3 a good harbour. Lon. i 35 e, lat.
38 5* ST.
Iv'tngho, a town in Bnckingban^fhire,
with a market on Friday, and manufac-
tures of bonclace. It is fix miles sw of
Dunftable. and 33 nw of London.
Jutfar, a town of Arabia, in the pro-
vince of Oman, fituate on a bay of the
irulf of Perfia,, 100 miles ww of Oman.
Lon. 56 14E, lat. 25 55 N.
Jtdieti, St. a town of Prance, in the
department of Jura, 18 mite^ s by w of
Lons 1(6 Saunier.
Jt4iien de Sau/t, St. a town of France,
in the department of Yonne, feated be-
tween two mountains covered with
vines,. near the river Yonne, fix miles
NWQfJoigny. '
' JitlUrs, a late duchy of Germany, in
the circle of Weftphalia, 68 mfles long
and 30 broad; bounded on the n by
Gelderland, K by Cologne, s by Luxem-
burg and Treves, and w by Limburg.
It now belongs to France, and is in-
cluded in the department of Roer. It
is remarkable for the quantity of woad
it produces.
Juliers, a fortified city of France, in
the department of Roer, lately of Ger-
many, and capital of a duchy of its
name. It was taken by the French in
1704. It is feated on the Roer, aa
miles w of Cologne. Lun. 6 2% £, lat.
50 55 ^'
JUft
J«/rM«iv}rt • town of SOefia, wilh |
caikle, four milea w of Oris.
Jumeiht a town of Spain, in the no.
vinoe of Murcia, as milca «w ofMttrdi.
Jumkget a town of Prance, hi the d«.
partment of Lovver Seine, with a late
celebrated Benediftine abbey; feated on
the Seine, 12 milei tw of Rouen.
Jummoo, or Jwmiot a town of Hin.
dooftan, in the countrr of Lahore. It
is a pboe of confiderable trade, fituate
on the Rawee, 80 miles x a of Lahore.
J^***"' 73 40 K* lat. 31 «» ».
Jumnttt a river of Hindooftan, which
rifes in the mountains of Sirinagur,
flows SB by Delhi and Agra, and joins
the Ganges, a^ Allahabad.
Juitagur, a town and fortrefii of
Hindo^an, In Guzerat, 170 miles sw
of Amedabad. Lon. 69 53 e, lat. n
48 N.
JmgHWt a town of Suabia, capital
of a lordthip of the fiime name, 14 miles
wofBuchan.
Junien, 5f. a town of France, in the
dcpartiheut of Upper Vienne, on the
river Vienne, 15 miles w of Limf^es.
Junkie'tlatit an ifland in the hdian
ooeauy near the sw coaft of Siam, (0
miles loQg, and from xo to 30 broad.
The foil is luxuriant, and it hat a con*
fiderable trade in ivory and tin. The
principal town, of the fame name, is
fituate on the n part of the ifland, and
ftas a harbour capable of receiving vef-
fels of a moderate fize. Lon. 98 o b, lat.
8 xo N.
Ivoix. See Carignan,
Jurat an iOand of Scotlandi one of
the«Hebrides, n e of Ifla. It is ta miles
long and feven broad, feparated firom
the mainland of the county of Argyle,
by a ftrait four miles wide, called the
Sound of Jura. Here are three moun>
tains of a conic form, and ftupendous
height, called the Paps of Jura. The
refl: of the ifland is rugeed, and general-
ly covered with heatli; but it feeds
numerous herds of iheep and goats.
There is great abundance of iron ore;
and on the w coaft a great quantity of
fine fand, which is carried away for the
manufadure of glafs. It has a village
of the fame namci on the k coaft, with
a good barbottx. Lon. 5 44 w, lat- 56
8 ^f.
Jurat a department of France, in-
cluding part of the late province of
Franche Comt^. It contains mines of
iron of a fuperior quality, mines of cop-
per and lead, and many quarries of
black marble, jafper, and alabafter. It
takes its name from Mount Jura. Lons
Ic Saunier is the capital,
I
Bf SDeiU. irifh t
Oelt.
lp«<n»iiithepio.
MnwofMtttcii.
>rance,inthed«.
rine, wHh a late
abbey) feated on
of Rouen.
a town of Hin.
r of Lahore. It
;b1e trade, fituate
»>iis of Lahore.
xtt.
indooftan, which
IS of Sirinagnr,
Agra, and joint
Md.
and fortreft of
It, 170 miles sw
69 S3 E, lat. 21
f Suabia, capital
le na<ne, 14 miles
of France, in the
p Vienne, on the
w of Limoges,
id in the Indian
;oaft of Siam, 60
xo to 30 broad,
and it hat a con*
rjr and tin. The
ie fame name, is
of the ifland, and
of receiving vef-
Lon> 98 o E, iat.
m.
Scotland, one of
It is 23 miles
feparatcd firom
ounty of Argyle,
wide, called the
are three moun*
and ftupendous
>3 of Jura. The
red, and general-
h; but it feeds
leep and goats.
nee of iron ore ;
p^at quanrity of
ied away for the
It has a village
the B coaft, with
. 5 44 w, lat. 56
of France, in-
ate province of
ontains mines of
ty, mines of copi
lany quarries of
nd alabafter. It
ountjura. Lons
U
iut
Jura, Mount, a chain of niblint.iins
which b^dnt in the canton of Zurich,
in Swifrcrland, extends along the Rhine,
into the canton of Solenre and the prin-
cipality of Neuchatrl, branch^a out to.
ward the Pays de Vaiui* fihparates that
fcountry ftom France, and continue!
beyond the frdntien of the Ocnfvdit at
hr at the Rhone. In the Pays de
Vau(i, this chain forms many elevated
Valleyi \ particularly one on thetcp of
that part balled Mount Jotix, which it
Watered by two piAurdque lalc^s, the
latgeft called Joux, and the other Brt-
hkt.
Ivrea, a city or Piedmont, and a bi-
lh6p't fee, witn a fioift. citadel, and caf-
tle. It now belongs to France, and it
the capital of the department of doria.
The cathedral is (hid to haVe been an*
tiently a teniple of Apollo t beflde
which there are four other clnircheti.
and feveral reIi{[iout houfet. It il feat-
ed on the Dona, betwieen two hills, so
nules is of Turin, and 32 e by n <^
SuCi. Ldn. 7 4(t E, Iat. 45 22 N;
Jvry,a town of France, in the depart^-
ntcnt of Euiv, witjh a late Benedidline
abbey; feated on the Eilrtf 14 miles st
of Evitux.
Jtttie^, a town of France* in the de*
bartment of Upper Saon^, iituatc on
the Amance, 15 miles Rw of Vefoul,
and 22 E of Langres.
JtuttHgen, a town of Suabia, capital
of a iordlhip, 16 miles nne of Buchau.
Juteriock, a town of Saxony Proper,
fituate on the Angerbacb, t2 miles ne
bf Wittenberg.
Jiithla, Sfe Siam.
Jutlandf a peninfula, the principal
part of the kingdom of Denmark, 210
miles in length, and from 30 to 80 in
breadth j bounded on the s by the
duchy of Holftein, and on the other
fides by the German ocean and the
Baltic. In the middle of the northern
part the foil is fertile in corn and paf-
tures, and feeds a great number df
horfet and beeves, which are fent to
Germany, Holland, Jtc. It was an-
ciently called Cimbrica Cherfonefus, and
is fuppofed to be the country whence
the Saxons came who conquered Eng-
land. It is divided into two pfovinces,
called North and South Jutland. N
Jutland is fubdividcd into the diocefes
of Alburg, WibuTg, Athufen, and Ri-
pen, fo named firom the chief towns ;
and Wiburg is the capital of the pro-
vince. ^ Jutland is not half the fize of
the other province, and is comihonly
called the dachy of Slefwick, from its
«apUal of that name.
hwort/i, a town in Suffolk, with A
market on Friday, feten miles mi of
Bury St. Edmund, and 77 nke of Lon-
don.
J^epour, a toTtrn of Hiadnoftan, in
Agra, capital of the territory of Jycna-
gur. It IS a place of great wealth, b^
ing th(> ftaple for goods that are broughf /
from the neighbouring provinces. It'
it 120 miles w by s of A|j;ra. Loi^. 76
34 K. Iat. 26 j6 N.
IzeroH, a town of Franccf, in the de*
Eartitient of Rhone, io miles sw of
yon.
Jxigtutk, a towh of Siberia, in the
province of Okotflc, defs'nded by lofty
palifadcs, and wooden baftiont provided
with cannon apd military (lores. The
commerce confiftt of furt and the ikins
of raindeer. It it feated on the Izigin,
15 milet from itt mouth, and 520 nb
of Okotik. Lon. 160 10 e, lat 63
46 N.
IxqtdnUndngo, a town of Mexico, in
the province of Chiapa. The country
about it produces cottort .. id a g|«at
number of pineapples. It it 100 miles
SB of Chiapa. Lon. 93 45 w, Iat. ti
10 N.
K.
67 Wordi that sorriettmes begin v/Uh K,
and are not found under that letter*
may be sought for under tbt letter C
Kadhema, a feaport of Arabia, in the
province of Bahrin. The inhabitants
are chiefly employedan the pearl Sibery.
It is feated on a bay of the gulf of Pcr-
lia, 170 milet n by w of Lachfa. Lon.
47 36 E, lat. a8 46 N.
Kahly a town of Germany, in the
late eleiftorate of Mentl, On a river of
the fame name, four miles s of Hanau.
Kahlot a town of Upper Saxony, in
Thurlngia, with a caftle on a hill ; feat-
ed on the Sa '", 90 miles i^t! of Naum-
bur|. "^ •
hain. See Kin-
KairvaH, a city of Tiiiiid* the fecond
in the kingdom for trade and popu*
lation. It ha^ the mofi magnificent
mofque in Barbswiri and is 60 mUes ssk
of Tunis. Lon. io 25 e, lat. 35 40 k.
Kaitarieht or Kaiiafijah, a town of
Aiiatic Turkey, in Caramania, the ca-
pital of a fangiacat. It was the ancient
Cefarea of Capadochia. It is five miles
in circumference, furroUnded by walls,
and defended by a caftle \ and is divided
into i8« duartersv in each of which is a
Z
; K A L
fflofque or chapel. The principal trude
\h in Morocco lesither. It i> iituatu at
the foot of a muuatain, always capp«d
with fnowi i.;)o milt'B eni of Cogni>
Lon. ,)6 z$ c, lat. .!)8 so n.
Kaiett a town of the country of
Georgia, in the province of iti name,
which comprehends a pnrt of the an>
cient Ibcria> It ii fituate near Mount
CaucafuB, 45 milei nnk of Tefli«, and
lao Nw of Derhend.
Kalau, 4 towi| of Luihtia, which han
a great trade in wool, 11 milca sb of
Luckau.
Kalhat, a town of Arabia, in the pro-
vince of Oman, on a riVer of the fame
name, at its entrance into the gulf of
Ormus, 80 milea se of Mafcat.
Ka/ijf a town of Brandenburg, in
the New mark, near the frontiers of Po-
land, 37 miles E of Stargard.
Kalistht a city of Fpland. capital of
a palatinate of the fame name. It is
feated on the river Profua, furroundcd
by morafles and walls, 40 miles s of
Gn«>fen. Lon. 18 5 w, lat. 5 a o k.
Jbliaj, a tribe of the Mongul Tar-
tars, in Chinefe Tartary. They inhabit
tftc country n of the Mongul Tartars,
Jiroperly fo called, which ftrctches as
ar as the kingdom of the Eluths ; and
is near ,:)oo leagues in extent from e
to w. They live in tents, on the banks
of their numerous rivers, the principal
one called Kalka Pira. They adore a
lama of the fecond order, who is held
in fuch veneration, that bonzes from
China, Hindooftan, Pegu, &c. come to
pay their devotions at his relidcnce in
Iben Pira.
KalUngburgt a feaport of Denmark,
ih the ifle of Zealand, feated on an inlet
of the Great Belt, with the beft har-
hour* nfext to Copenhagen, on the
ifland. It is jj miles w by n of Co-
penhagen. Lon. II 1 1 B, lat. 55 ^7 N.
Kalmuest a nation of Tartars, mha-
biting that part of the Ruflian govern,
ment of Caucafia, which lies between
the Volxa and the Ural, toward the
Cafpian fea. They all live in tents, and
i^move from place to place in qatA of
pafturage for their numerous cattle,
confilUiig of 'horfes, cim<>ls, cows, and
fheep. They neither fow nor reap, nor
make hay for their cattle, fo that they
live without bread, pf4iny fort of vege-
table; and, in winter, their cattle fare
like the wild beafts. Their fond is flefli
(efpecially that of horfes) filh, wild
fowl, and venifon ; and they have great
plenty of milk, butter, and cheefe ; but
mare's milk is the moft efteemed, and
fr«ra it they make a Arong fpirit, to
K AL
which they are partial. They art dW
vided into a number of hordes or rlann
each under their own particular kbtn|
and all acknowletlge the authority of
one principal khan, who is called Or-
chicurtikhan, or the king of kings, and
derives his pedigree from the great T«.
merlane. All of them, however, have
fubmitted to the government of Rullia,
or live under its proteAion. They are
pagans, and believe in the trarffm{gra<
tion of fouls. ,In perfon they ate of a
low ftaturc, and bow-legged, occafion-
cd by their being fo continually on
horfeback, or fitting with their legs
below them. Their faces are broad
and flat, with a flat nofc and littlu
black eyefs, diftant from each other
like the Chinefe. They are of an olive
colour, and their faces full of wrinkles,
with very little beard ; they (have their
heads, leaving only a tuft of hair on the
Ibrown. The better fort wear coats of
ftuff or filk, with a v/idc furroat of
flieep-flcins, and a cap of the fame.
Their only weapons were tlie cimeter,
lance, and bow and arrow; but they
now ufe fire-arms. In winter they arc
obligedttT crofs the river, and live on
the barjj \ lains of Aftracan, where their
only finng is the dried dung of the cat-
tle, and the cattle thcmfclves ftarving
on the fcanty produce of a defert. Here
they remain till fpring, when their for-
mer habitation, on the h fide of the
river, is overflowed, for near a month,
by the melting of the fnow, and their
country appears one continued fea over-
grown with trees. When the water
fubfidcs, they fwim their loaded camels
and cattle over the rivet*, where the in-
tervening iflands make the pafTageeafieft.
When they go upon an expedition,
every one takes a fheep with him for
his provifion, and thi-ee horfes, which
he rides alternately ; and wbenfany tne
of them fails, they kill it and divide the
flefh, putting pieces of it under their
faddJe, and after riding fome time upon
it, they eat it without further prepara-
tion. Their kibbets, or tents, are round,
with a fire iji the middle, and a hole at
the top to let out the fmoke, on which
is a krine that can be turned af^ainfl
the wind: they are capable of being
enlarged or contradled at pleafiire 5 the
fides being made of wicker-work, and
the ci'ofs flicks jointed for folding to-
gether or extending ; and they are co-
vered over with thick felt, more or
lefs according as the feafbn is cold or
warm.
Kalmunz, a tow^ of Bavaria, ih the
principality of Neuburg, at the conflux
^tT;
.:- .1.. %..-,.,-ti
K AM
of the Nab with the Vilz. i a milei n n v
uf RatilboD.
KaJniei, a town of Polattd, In the
Sibtlnate of Bractaw, i6 milei snk of
raclaw.
Kalo, a town of Upper Hungary,
fdtfd on a lake, « a mile* »v of Tock^y.
Kaluga, a government of the KuflTMn
empirei formerly a provirce in the go-
wrnmi'nt of VIofcow. .Its principal
town, of the fame name, in katrd on
the Occa, too milci s^w of Mofcuw.
Lon. 71 .34 K, lat. 54 »8 m.
KamaAura, an ifland uf Japan, three
mileii in circumference, lyin^c on the s
coaft of Niphon. It is a ulat:e of exile
for ftate prifonera; and the coaft is.fo
deep, that they are lifted up by cranrs.
Kama/Ut, a town of Ncgroland, in
the country of Mandingo. The inha-
bitant! jre partly pagans, and partly
Mabon^tans, and have manufa(fturcs
of cottorf!^ leather, and iron. It is sio '
miles WNW of Kong. Lon. 6 o w, lat.
i> 10 R<
Kambala, a ridge of mountains in
Tibet, between the lake Pake and the
rirer Burrampooter.
Kanunitz, a town of Pohemia, in the
circle of Bechin, %j miles e by n ot Be-
chin.
Kaminieck, a ftrong town of Poland,
capital of Podolia, and a bifliop's fee,
with a caftle. When the RuflianH fcized
part of the Polilh territories in 1793,
this fortrefs held out a long time, but at
bit furrcndercd to their arms. The
Ciiflle is feated on a craggy rock, H5
miles w of Braclaw, and 100 sk of
Lfmburg. Lon. a6 30 ^y lat. 48 58 n.
Kamnitz, a town of Bohemia, in the
circle of Lcitmeritz, with a manufac-
ture of ftockings, %t miles nnx of Leit-
meritB.
Kamtschi. ka, a peiiinfula on the e
coAft of Siberia, extending from 5 1 to 6 1
N lat. The ifthmus, joining it to the
continent on the n, lies between the
gulfs of Olutorflc and Penfhink; and
Its extremity to the a is Cape Lopatka.
The greateft breadth is 240 miles, being
from the mouth of the river Tigril to
that of the river Kamtfchatka ; and to-
ward each extremity it gradually be-
comes narrower. It is bounded on the
K by the country of the Koriacke, ne
by the fea of Kamtfchatka, se by the
Pacific ocean, and w by the fea of
Okotlt. A chain of high mountains
extends the whole length of the penin-
fula, and almoft equally divides it;
whence feveral rivers take their rife»
^nd purfue their courfe to the fea. In
the s p*it is a volcanoj apd near it are
K A M
• >»ot baths of NatchiMn, where the
.., .<.> r.illit iit a rapid cifoade aoo fret,
ani. Is extremely hot. The fml, in gr-
nrral, is barren and hea'thy, with ftunt*
ed trees thinly fcattercd oviet the ^hoie
face of the country j but fume p.irti
arc faid to produce good grafs. The
frverity of the climate is equal to the
ftfrillty of the foil ; for in computing
the feafons here, fpring (hould be
omitted. Summer may be liild to ex-
tend from the middle of Jiwie till the
middle of September. 0«yber may
be confidercd as an luitumn ; from whicn
poriod to the middle of June, it is all
dreary winter. Some vegetables grow
hen: in a wild ftate, fuch as chervil,
garlic, onions, angelica, and celery |
alfo a vaiii^ty of berries, which are ga*
theivd at proper feafons. and prefcr\Td
by mafliing them into a thick j.im; thefc
cunftitute a coiifiderable part of the
winter provifions, ferving as a general
fnuce to dried filh. Here are alio fome
excellent turnips and turnip-radifhes,
upon a few fpots of ground in the vaU
leys ; and this is the utmoft extent of
g.irden cultivation. The inhabitantn
may be laid to conflft of three forts, the
Kamtfchadalcs, RufTians, and Coflfacs,
and a mixture produced by their inter*
marriages. Their h.ibitation8 are of
three different forfs, which they call
jourfs, l).ilagan8, and loghoiifes. They
inhabit the ftrft in the winter, and the
ffcond in the fummer ; in the thirct, in-
troduced by the Kuflians, only the
more wealthy people refide. The ex-
ternal appearance of a jourt, refembles
a round fquat hillock ; a hole, ferving
for a chimney, window, and door, is
left in the centre; and the inhabitanti
go in and out by the alTiftance of a long
pole, having notches deep enough to
afford a little fccurity for the toes. The
upper garment of the Kamtfchadalea
refembles . a wagoner's frock. If for
fummer wear, it is made o; nankin ; if
intended for winter, it is made of a Ikm^
having one fide tanned, and the hair
prefcrved on the other, which is worn
innermoft. A clnfe jacket of nankin, or
other cottfn ftuff, is the next undei
this ; and beneath that a fhirt made of
thin Perfian fiik, of any colour. They
wear long breecbes and boots, made of
(kins, with the jMtir innermoft. They
have alfo a fur cap, with two flaps that
are ufually tied up dole to the head,
but are permitted to fall round the
flioulders in bad weather. They are
fubjcA to the RufTians, and their trade
confifts in furs and Ikiias.
Kamtichatkoif NixKeif a tawn of Si>
5t i
&■
^."'
<^
KAR
berist capital of Kamtfchatka, <with a
citadel, arfeoal, and barracks. It is
feated on the n fide of the river Kamt-
fchatka, so miles from its mouth. Lon.
i6i 50 E.lat. 5630N.
Kamtsehatkoi. Ferc/im, a town of Si-
beria, in Kamtlchatka, on the river
Kamtfchatka, lao miles sw of Ni'^nci
Kamtfchatkoi.
Kandegheri, a town of Hindooftan,
'in the Carnatic. In 1599 it was the
capital of % kingdom, called Narfingn,
the refidei'ce of a H'^ndoo king, whofe
dominions extended over Tanjore and
Madura; anu! in 1640, a dt-fcendant of
that prince, who reigned here, permit-
ted the Englifh to form a fcttlement at
Madras. It is 70 miles nw of Madras.
Lon. ^9 24. E, lat- i,^ 46 N.
Kanem, a town of the empire of Bor-
nou, in a province of the Ihmc name,
where are bred multitud-^-s of cattle and
horlen. It is feated on thi^ Gazel, 150
miles NKW of Bornou.
Kaniciv, a ftrong town of Poland, ir*
the palaMnate of Kiow, feated near the
Dnieper, 'ii mile s by e of Kiow, and
100 NK of Draclaw.
Kanisruy a ftrong town of Lower
Hungary, capital of the county of Sala-
war ; feated on the Drave, loo miles s
by F. of Vienna. Lon. 17 40 e, lat. 46
55 ^•
Kan-fcfieou, a city of China, of the
firft nmk, in the province of Kiang-ii,
Its djrtrid contains ij cities of the
third clafs ; and the foil produces a
gi;e<it number of trees, whence diftils a
line varnilh, which is reckoned the bift
in China. It is feated on the Knn kiangr
340 miles ii of Peking. Lon. 11 j 2 K,
lat. 45 52 N.
Kao-tciieoUf a city of Chin.i, of the
firft rank, in the province ot Quang-
tong. In its vicinity is found ;• kind of
marble, that reprefents, naturally, rivcrK,
mountains, landicapes, and tr»cs: it is
cut into leaves, and made irco tables,
S:c. Kao-tcbeou ftands on a navi2r.b'e
river, >6 miles from the fe 1, and 1130
isw of Peking. Lon. 145 361;, lat. 21 40N.
Ka/>B!.vjar, a fort of Lower Hungary,
on tht river Kapos, which waihcs its
walls. It is 55 miles w of Tolna. Lon.
18 13 F, lat. 46 31 N.
Karahissar. See Apihiom.
Karasubazart a town^f the Crimea,
noted for its noble antique bath, and
an ancient mannfadlure of leather from
the (kins of Tauric goats. It is lituate
on the Karnfu, in a delightful valley, 34
miles w of Carta.
Karei, or Garai, an ifland in the ne
part of the gulf of Perfia, five tnila
KAU
long and two broad ; where fhips bonnd
for Baflbra generally call for pilots.
Lon. 50 26 e, lat. 29 15 w.
Karlebtft Gamlot a feaport of Sweden,
in E Bothnia, with a trade in hemp,
fait, and (hip-building; feated on the
ei'.ir of Bothnia, near the influx of the
river Karleby, 90 miles n by E of Chrif-
tineHidt. Lon. 22 so G, lat. 63 56 n.
Karleby, Ny, a town of Sweden, in E
Bothnia, on the river Lappqjock, fix
miles from the fea, and 20 s of Gamla
Karleby.
AVw<j«, a country of the Ruffian em-
pire, lying on both fides of the Volga.
It was formerly an independent king-
dom, belofiging to the Kalmncs, to
whom the dukes of Mofcow, with othev
petty principalities of Rufiia, were tvi-
butary. But, in 1552, Ivan Balfilowitz'
1 1 conquered Kafan, wtiich now forms
the three Ru(fian governments of Kafan,
SimbirfK, and Fenza.
Kasariy a city of Rufila, capital of a
government of the fame name, and an
archbilhop's fee. It has a (trnng fionc
fnrf-, feveral churches, almoin all of
them built with (lone, and eleven con-
vents} and there are feveral fuburWs,
one of them inhabited by Tartars. At
one end of the city is a manufacture of
cloth for the army. It is feated on the
rivulet Kafanka, where it enters tht
Volga, 420 miles g of Mofcow. Lor.
49 8 £, lat. ss 44 N.
Kataba, a town of Arabia, in Yemen,
wiih a citadel ; fituate in a ftrti!.- coun-
try, near a river whieh runs into the fea
at Aden, 75 miles n of Aden. Lon. 44
39 E, lat. 13 54 .V.
Katif, a town of Arabia, in the pro-
vince of Bahrin. It is built of rock
fait, and /lands on the gulf of j?erfia, 95
m:les K of Lachfa. Lon. 4B ;3 £, lat.
27 40 N.
Kau/beuren, a town of Su^bia, in the
territory of Kempten, feat-d on the
Wuttach, 30 miles ssw of Augfburg.
Kauga, the capital of a kingdom of
the fame name, in the empire of Bor-
nou- It is feat.d on a large lake, 28a
miles s by e of Bornou. Lon.. 23 30 t,
lat. 15 50 N.
Kaukeban, a town of Arabia, in Ye-
men, iituate on a mountain, almod in*
Rccelfible, 20 miles w of Sana.
Kaunitz, a town and caflle of Mo-
ravia, fituate on a mountain, on the
river Igia, 1 1 miles ssw of Brinn.
fCaurzim, a town of Bohemia, ca-
pital of a circle of the fame name,
which produces much timber. It (lands
on a river which runs into the Elbe, a6
xnUei &8B of Prague.
#
iii£,-:i'^&ii'ii.
AU
J J where (hips bound
ally cull for pilots.
9 >5 w.
afcaportofSwedeij,
h a trade in hemp,
ding ; feated on the
car the influx of the
[jiles N by E of Chrif.
«o E, lat 63 56 N.
)wn of Sweden, in E
•iver Lappqjock, fix
, and 20 s of GamU
y of the Rtiifian em-
h fides of the Volga.
n independent king-
the Kalmucs, to
t Mofcow, with othe:
1 of Rtiilia* were tvi-
552, Ivan BafTiIowitz
tit. Which now forms
Dvcmment» of Xafan,
:a.
' Ruflia, capita] of a
i fame name, and an
It has a ftrong (lone
ches, ainnoft all of
one, and eleven con*
are feveral fuburb^,
ited by Tartars. At
y is a manufadurc of
. It is feated on the
tvhere it enters the
i of Mofcow. Lou,
of Arabia, in Yemen,
late in a fertile coun-
ch runs into the fea
of Aden. Lon. 44
II
Arabia, in the pro-
t is built of rock
he gulfofi?erfia, 95
Lon. 48 3d E, lat.
It
t
vti of vSmbia, inthc
ten, featvd on the
ssw of Augfburg.
al of a kingdom of
the empire of Bor-
m a large lake, 28a
lou. Lon.. 23 30 E,
of Arabia, in Ye-
ouiitain, almoft in*
w of Sana.
and caftle of Mo-
nifountain, on the
9W of Brinn.
of Bohemia, ca*
f the fame name,
h timber. It Hands
8 into the Elbe, ii
K E H
Kaye TslanJ, an ifland in the Pacific
ocean, near the w coaft of N America,
;o miles long and four broad, difcovered
by Cook in 1778. Its nk point is x
naked rock, confiderably elevated; and
the other parts of it abound in fmall
val!ey8> filled with pine-trees, but of no
extraordinary growth. Lon. 144 48 w,
lat. 59 5<5 »»•
Kayesersb»rgt a town of France, in
the department of Upper Rhine, five
miles Nw of Colmar.
Kay itr tick i a town of France, in the
department of Rhifte and Mofelle, late-
ly of Germa/.y, in the elcdorale of
Treves, ta miles w of Coblentz.
Katisenlauternt a town of France, in
the department of Mont Tonnere, late-
ly of Germany, in the palatinate of the
Rhine. In 1793 it was taken by the
French, who, the year following, were
furprifed in their intrenchments near
it, by the AuHrians, and defeated. It
is feated on the Lauter, a8 miles sw of
Worms. Lon. 7 50 e, lat. 49 27 n.
Kayjeriiuil, a town of SwitTerland, in
thf county of Haden, with a caftle,
feated on the Rhine, eight miles sr of
Zurzach.
Kaystriwertf a town of Germany,
in the late electorate of Cologne, feated
on the Rhine, feven miles nnw of Duf-
teldorf.
Kaximlers, a town of Poland, in the
palatinate of Lublin, with a caitle,
Atuateon a hill, on thcViltula, 30 miles
wsw of i^ublin.
Kazrooft, a town of Perfia, in FarGf-
tan, of confidcrable extent, but many
parts of it arc in ruins. It is 70 miles
wswof Shiras.
Kecho. Bee Cachao-
KedUitotiy a village in Derbyfhire,
three miles nnw* of Derby; noted for
its medicinal fpring, much reforted to
in fummer, and the moft elegant feat
cf the earl of Scarfdale.
Keene, a town of New Hampfliire,
in Chelhire county, 25 miles s by e of
Charleftoii, and 95 w by s of Portf-
mouth.
Keff, or Ki>fftSi a town of the king-
dom of Tunio, with a citadel ; fituate
on the fide of a hill, with a plentiful
fource of water, 70 miles wsw of Tu-
nis.
Kefil, a village of Afiatic Turkey, in
Irak Arabi. 14 miles s of Helleh ; cele-
brated for the tomb of the prophet
Ezelciel, which is annually vifited by a
nui.:bf.r of Jews.
Kf.hlt a ftrong fortrefs of Suabia, feat-
ed on the Rhine, over whiuh is a bridge
to Straiburg ; and to that city, when an
KEN Mr
imperial on«, it belonged. SoMtf lyp tie
ancient fortifications are in ruiii^ but
it >« ftiU an important {mTs between
France ancf Germany. It was taken by
the French in June 1796; retaken by
the Auftrians on Sept. ig following;
but the French regained poiTeflion of it
the fame day. In 1808, it was trans-
ferred to France.
Keighleyt a town in W Yorkfliire,
with a market on Wednefday, and ma-
nufactures of woollen cloths, cottons^
and lindfeys. It ftands near the river
Aire, 12 miles n of Halifax, and 206 ir
by w of London.
Keithy a town of Scotland, in Banffl
fliire, with manufa^ures of flax, x%
miles e.'^w of CuUen, and 42 nw of
Aberdeen.
Kelbra^ a town of Upper Saxony, in
Thuringia, near the river Helm, xo
miles s of Stolberg.
Kelheinif a town and caftle of Bava-
ria, with a Francifcan convent, a confi-
dcrable brewery, and extenfive maga-
zines of fait It is fituate at the conflux
of the Altmuhl and Danube, lo miles
ssw of Ratifbon.
Kellst a borough of Ireland, in E
Meath, on the river Blackwater, i»
miles N by w of Trim.
Kelio, a town of Scotland, in Rox*
burgfliire, with a bridge over the 'i'weed,
below the influx of the Teviot. The
abbey, magnificent ruins of which ftill
remain, was founded by David i. Here
are manufadlures of carpeting, flannels,
leather, linen, and ihoes. It is 10 miles
NNE of Jedburg, and 20 sw of Ber-
wick.
Kemi, or Kiemi. See Kinl.
Kemmoot a town of Kegroland, capi-
tal of a country, lyin^ to the w of
Bambara. It is 340 miles w of Sego.
Lon. 7 46 w, lat 14 15 v.
Kemnat, a town of the palatinate of
Buvari^ 1 5 miles ese of Bayreuth, and
26 N of Amberg.
Kempteitt a town of SuaL a, with a
late princely abbey of the Bencdidline
order. It has a great trade in linen, and
is feated on the Uler, 45 miles s by w of
Augfliurg.
Ken, a river in Weftmorland, which
flows by Kendal, and enters the fandy
waih of Lancafliire, called Morcambe
Bay. It has a cataradt near its mouth,
which obftrudts the navigation.
Keriy a river of Scotland, which rife«
in the Mw part of Kirkcudbrightfliire,
flows to New Galloway, thence expands
into a lake, four miles long and one
broad, and then joins the river Dee.
Ketidali a town in Weftmorland, go
k . N
vcrned by a mayor, with a market on
Saturday. It is feated on the Kcm, over
which aie two ftonc bridges, and one of
wood lending to the caftk-. which is
now in ruins. Ithasafpaciouschurch,
and a freefchool cndowt-d with fome
*'r.hibiticn3 to Queens college in Ox-
ford. Here ar«! itianufifturts of coarfe
woollen, woven and knit tlockingo^
cottonti, leather, fifh-hooks, ^a'OoI c iid^,
and gunpowder- It has fevon traUing
companicR, who have ench a hall ; and
its trade is very confiderahle, notwith-
ftanding the difadvantage of its river
for water carriage In 1801, the num-
ber of inhabitants was 6892. It is 46
miles s of Carlinc, and 263 nnw of
London. Lon. $ 5a w, lat. 54 15 n.
Kenc, or Caana% a town «)f Egypt*
ivith a manufadurc of black earthen
ware. The caravans atTemblc here in
their jounn-y to Cofeir. It ib feated on
the Nile, 280 miles s of Cairo. Lon.
3} 1 E, lat. 26 2 N.
Keniliuortbi a town in Warwickfhire,
with a market on Wednt'fday. Here
w»s a famous calUe, the remains of
which form one of the moft pid\urefque
objeds in the kinfedom. It is five
miles N of Warwick, and 95 nw of
London.
Keiimare, ,a town of Ireland, in the
county of Kt-rry, at the head of a river
or bay of the fame name, 26 miles SSE
of 1 1 alee.
Kennthft:, a river of MafTichufels, in
the diftrivft of Maine, which enters the
Atlantic ocean, between the bays of
Cafco and Penobfeot.
Kmnei, a river of England, wh'ch
rifes among the chalky hills in Wilt-
shire, and fl'iws to Newbury, in Bcrk-
fliirf, where it becon s navijjable : it is
then au(;mented b; the Lamborn, and
run:; to Reading, below which it enters
the Thames-
K-fishigion, a village in Mi4dIefox,
one mile w of London. Hcic is a iwyal
palace, fornurly a feat of the lord chan-
cellor Finch, and purchafed of that
nobleman by William m. The gar-
den- hive fiiice been confulenhly ang-
I'ler.ted, by upward of jj^o acres taken
fro'r\ Hyde-pnrk; and tlicy are now a
f.ilbi.MHble pronnenade.
Keiit, a ctjniity of En[;land, 58 miles
loiif^ and 36 broad; bounded on the N
by the Thames and the (ievman ocean,
E by the lame ocean, sk and s by the
I'jrj'iifh channel and SufT x, and w by
IScny. It contains y.-^/; 600 acres, is di
vidfd into five latlu:!>, fubdivided iiitoo;
fmili htmdredh, and 408 parilhc.s ; has
two cities and ;b mai Let- towns] and fends
KEN
1 8 members to parliament. The num-
ber of inhabitants in lOoi was 307,6:4.
In the foil and face of the country
thiM-e is a g eat divtrfuy. The banks
of the Thames are low and mardiy, but
backed by a range of chalky eminences,
foinetimes riling to a moderate height.
This kind of hard ch.ilky foil, inclining
to barrenncfs, extends to the ne cxtrc-
mity of the county, and thence round
to Dover, exhibiting its nature in the
lofiy white clilfa, which here bound the
illaiid, and produce that ftriking ap.
pearancc .at fea which gave it the name
of Albion. '1 he s part of Kent, called
the Weald, is a flat and woody trad,
of a clayey foil, and fertile.! The mid-
land and weftern diftrids are a mixture
of hill .ind vale, arable and pafture,
equal in pleafantnefs to any part of
England. This county produces, be-
fidc the ufual objeds of agriculture,
large quantities of hops ; fruit of various
kinds, efpecially cherries sind apples,
of which there are large orchariis for
the London markets; madder for dy-
ing; timber in the woody parts; and
birch twigs for brooms, which form no
inconiiderable article of trade for the
metropolis. The country inland from
Dover, conllfting chiefly of open downs,
is excellent for the feeding of (heepj
and many bullocks are fattened to as
extraordinary fiz;* in Romney M.ivfli.
The principal rivers, befide the Thames,
are the Medway, Darent, Stour, Cray,
and Rother. The cities of Kent arc
Canterbury and Rocheller, but Maid-
ftone is the coanty-town.
Kentaiffe, a ridge of mountains, in
the s part of Tibet, bordering on Hin-
dooflan. On the w fide of this ridge
are the two beads of the GangcJ?
and from its e fide ilTues the Burram-
pooler.
Kentucky, one of the United States of
America, 350 miles lonp and from ,?o
to 190 broad; bounded on the N by
the Qhio, v. by Virginia, s »>y Tennef-
fee, and w by the Miflifiippi and the
Ohio. It is divided into fourteen
counties, Lincoln, Fayette, Bourbon,
Mercer, JeficrCon, Nelfon, Waddiion,
VA oodfoi J, Malbn, Wafhiiigton, Clark,
Scott, Logan, and Franklin. The
other piincipai rivers aiv the Kentucky,
Licking, Green, Cumberland, and
Great Kanhaway. The foil is amazing-
ly fertile in the central part; to the e
and w it is mouitainous, and the s is
principally compofcil of the Barrens, a
fterile country deftitutc of water. To-
bacco, hemp, cotton, and the different
grains of Europe, but particularly
K E R
maize arid wheat, arc cultivated. The
country, ii> general, may be confi-
dered as well timbertd, producing
large trees of many kinds : thofe pe-
culiar to it are the fugar>tree, which
grows in great ph^nty, and fumifhes
tjc«'llcnt fiigar; and the honey-locuft,
which is furroundfd by large thorny
fpikes, bearing broad and long pods in
form of peas, has a fwect tafte, and
makes excellent beer. Here are alfo
the coiFi-e-treo, papw.i, cucumber,
black mulberry, wild cheny, buck-eye,
and fome other kinds of trees not com-
mon elfevvhere. There is pli;nty of
fine cane, on \Vhich the cattle feed :
it prows from three to twelve feet high,
with joints at eight or ten inches dii-
tatice along the llaik, from which pro-
ceed leaves refsmbling thofe of the
willow. Wlierc no cane grows there
is nhnndance of wild rye, clover, and
bnflalo-grafs. The mountainou's parts
prof'.tice a great quantity of ginfeng.
Iron ore and lend are found in abund-
ance ; and there are many large caves,
fome of which extend above .1 mile
uoder a limellone rock, fupported by
curions arches and pillars. The waters
produce plenty of fjfli and fowl ; and
cfpedaily on the Ohio, the geefe and
ducks are amazingly niimtrous. The
land fowls are turkies ; a fpt'cies • f
groufe, which the inhabitants call phea-
fanls; and quails, to which they give
the name of partridges. Serpents are
not numerous, and fuch as are to be
foinid in other parts of the continent,
except the bull, the horned, and the
mockafon fnakes. Among the native
animals are deers, bears, wild cats,
wolves, beavers, otters, foxes, labbits,
fquirrcls, racoons, and opv)flum3. Moll
of the fpecies of the domeftic qua-
drupeds have been introduced fince
the fcttlements, fuch as hoifes, cows,
ijieep, aTid hogs. Frankfort is the
capital.
Keniufki/, a river in the (late of its
nr.nic, nliicli rifcs in the Laurtl moun-
tains, and after a "general nw courfe of
son miit-s, enters the Ohio in lat. ;^8
41 N. It is navigable 150 miles, its
hanks may r.itlier be calh-d precipices,
for, aimoft every where, they conlift of
three or foifr hundred feet of a folid
pcrpciidicul.u- limtftone rock ; in fome
parts of a tine white marble, cnrioully
arched, pillared, or blocked up into
fine building ilones.
Kenttingett, a town of Suabia, in the
Biifgau, onth.e river El/, 13 miles nnw
of I'^riburg.
Kac'jlmts^ an ifland in the 'indian
KER
ocean, about 80 miles in circumference.
The face ofthe country feenosto be ftte^
hills and extenfive valleys, and every
pait to be covered with trees and ver-
dure, with fome pleafartt cultivated
grounds. The inhabitants are Malays.
Lon. 126 30 E, lat. 4 38 N,
KergueUn Land, an ifland in the
Southern ocean, vifited by captain
Cook, in 1776. For ita fterility, it
might properly have been called the
liland of Defolation ; but captain Cook
was u' willing to rob M, Kerguelen of
the honour of its bearing his name.
On the NE coaft is a good and fafe bay*
named Chriftmas Hai bour. Lon. 69 4
F, lat. 48 41 s.
Kerkut, a town of Curdiftan, the ca-
pital of a government and refidence of a
pacha. It is fnrrounded by walls,
and defended by a caftle, 135 miles ssk
of Betlis. Lon. 44 58 E, lat. 35 48 jr.
Kerman, a province of Perlia, lying
on the gulf of Perfia. The northern
part is barren, but toward the fouth the
land is fertile. Many (heep are bred
here, and the inhabitants drive a great
trade in their wool.
Kermau, or Sjrgan, a city of Perfia,
capital of the pro^ce of Kerman. It
is celebrated for m beautiful potter^',
carpets, and ftnfts. It is 120 miles n
by w of Gombron. Lon. 55 15 E,
lat. 29 20 N.
Ktrpen, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Roer, lately of Germ::ny»
in the duchy of Juliers. It has a colle-
giate church, and is feated on the
Erft, 14 miles sse of Juliers.
Kerry, a county of Ireland, in the
province of Miinftcr, 57 miles long and
45 broad ; bounded on the E by the
counties of Limerick and Cork, w by
the Atlantic ocean, n by the Shannon,'
which feparates it from Thomor ^. and
s by Defmoi.d and the ocean. It is
divided into 84 parifhes, contains about
107,000 inhabitAiits, and fends four
members to parliament. The fouthern
part is plain, and fe' tile in corn ; but
the Tiveater part is mountainous, and
chi»;fly adapted for grazing. Confuler-
able quantities of beef, butter, hides,
and tallow, are exported from its « .icel-
lent harbours. Tralee is the capital.
Kertch, a feaport and fortrefs on the
E coaft of the Crimea, near the n en*
trance of the ftrait of Caffa. This for-
trefs, and that of Yenikal, arc of the
greateft importance, as they command
the paflage which forms the communi-
cation between the fea of Af(||ph and
the Black fea. It ii 60 miles nmb of
CaAa, Lon. 36 %^'z., lat. 45 si n.
1^
)
KH A
Keithitnt a feaport of ArAl>ia Fclix»
In HadrAtnaut* 80 miles k of Sbibam,
Lon. jo 50 B, lat. 15 aj n.
Kesk, or $ebzt a town of U|bcc Tar-
tary, in Bokharia* once the ordinary
funnmcr refidcnce of Timur, who fur-
rounded it yi\t\i walUi and built a .-icw
palace in 1.179. I^ >b JS miles s by w
of Samarcand.
Keucl, .1 town of thf Netherlands, In
the late Pruflian Gerdertand, with a
handromc cafllc, fcated on the Macfe,
fevon miles n of R\iremonde.
KctseUorft a village of ITppw Sax-
ony, feven miles w of Drefdcn, cele-
brated for 2 vi^ovy gained by the king
of Pruflia over the Saxons in 1745.
Kej<wicjt, n town in Cumberland, with
3 mar)(ct on Saturday ; fiatcd in a vale
of its name, near the rapid river Gi-eeta.
^his vale is much yifited by the ad-
mirers of nature : here is the lake of
Kefwick, or Df rwent-water ; ?nd to
the N of this fonrs the lofty mountain
Skiddaw, one of the moft diftinguifhcd
in England. Kcfwick has manufa^ures
of ftuffg, flannels, &c. It is 31; miles
NW of Kendal, and zgt nnw of Lon-
don.
Ketterinjft a towHv )n Nor^hampton-
{hire, with a marllct on Friday, and
maiiufadlures of tammies, ferges, lad-
ings. Sec. It is I :. miles nk of North-
ampton, and yj\. nw of London.
Kftuckhergi or Kit^dt^ a town of
Upper Saxony, in Mifnia. fix miles ss
of Merfburg.
KetVi a village in Surry, feven miles
w by s of London. Here is a royal
palace, built by hit* prefent majeity ;
and a ftone bridge over the Thames, to
Brentford.
Ktxholmt the eaftem part of Finland,
belonging partly to the Swedes, and
partly to the Ruffians. S«j IVihurg.
Kexholm^ a town of Rn|Ra, in the
government of Wiburg, feated on two
iflands in the river Woxon, which litre
flows into Lake Ladoga. The hoiifes
are built of wood, but it is well fortified,
and has a Arong caftle. It is 60 miles
VF. ofWiburg, and67 n of Pcterlburjj.
Lon. .qo 1$ E, lat. 61 3 V.
KeynshatMy a town in SomeiTetftiirc,
with a market on Thurfday, and a trade
in malt ; feated on the Chew, at its
conflux with the Avon, five mile,> SE of
Brif^o), and 114 w of London.
Kharkoft or CJbariot^; a government
of the Riiflkn empirt«, formerly com-
Lrifed in the government of Ukrania-
SloTod&aia. Its capital, of the fame
aante, is feated on the Uda, which
ffows ixito tbc Doofft^ 400 miles 3 by
KI A
w of Mofcbw. Lon. 3^ 54 t, lat. <«
Khiva, the capital of the country of
Charffm. It has aftrong wall of earth,
with threp gates, turrets at fmall dif.
Jances, and a broad ditch full of water.
The houfes are low, moftly built with
mud, the roofs flat, and covered with
earth. It ftands on a riling ground,
amid fertile plains, zfo milts nw of
Bokhara. Lon. 59 ap w, lat. 40 50 jj,
J(/inm. See |f«w.
Kiaki»g, s. city of China, of the firft
rank, in the province of T^he-kiang.
The ftreets have beautiful piazzas, that
ihelter paflengprs from the fun and rain j
and therp is fcarcely a hoqfe where they
do not breed filkwonns. There arc
many triumphal arches both in the
city and fuburbs ; and fcvcral marble
towprs on the fides of a canal to the w
of the city. It is 590 miles sse of
Peking. Lon. lio 14 1, lat. 30 50 n.
^iaita, a town- of Siberia, in the
government of Irkutik, on the borders
of Chii, fo Tartary. It has a confider.
able fur trade, a"d is the'centre of the
Rufliau and Chincfe commerce, /t
Aands on a fmall river, near its conflux
i^'ith the Selcnga, 75 miles ssw of
Sclenginflc. L,on. ,106 30 b> lat. jq
so w.
Kifingari, a town of Afiatic Turkey,
io Natolia, chief place of a fangiacat,
with a caftle on a ruck. It is 230 miles
Kofburia. Lpn. 34 47 E, lat. 39 56 N.
Kiang'tian, a province of China,
bounded on the w by Ho-nan and Hoi(>
quang, s by Tche-kian^ and )Cian-fi, k
by the guK of Nan-king, and N by
Chan-tong. It is of vafl: extent, and
contains 14 cities of the firft rank, and
93 of the iecond and third, which are
very populous, and of the grcatefl: note
for trade in the empire. It is full of
lakes, river^ and canals ; and itsfilks,
cottons, japanned goods. r.nd paper, are
in high efteem. Ranking is the ca-
pital.
Kiang-nhig, See Nan-iing.
Kiang-si, a province of China,
bounded on the n by Kiang-nan, w by
Hou-quang,s by Qjiang-tong, and e by
Fo-kien and T^he-kiang. The n part
contains the^ great Po-yang lake, and
fome extenfivc moralFes ; the middle
and s pnrts abound in mountains, but
tlit'ie are fine valleys among tliem. It
c<>nt;M«is 13 citiea of the firft rank, and
7 8 of the fecond and third. The ar-
rack in this province is excellent; and
its porcelain is the fineft and moit va-
luable of the empire. Nan-tchang is
the capital. ,
■""f*'"-"i?"''''-'' '
• .,•:.,■ i; . . .-...fc j.^^v.(% !■.■.■-. ..'1
Kian-iu, the largeft river of Ada. It
yifes on the w bordero of Tibet, flows
f to the coufinea of Tartary, then s
through Lower Tibet into China, «n.
twmg ^•'c province of Yunnan, where it
turns to the e, and crofling the pro-
vinces of Se-tchuen, Hou-quang, and
Kiangr-nan, enters the Eaftem ocean
oppofite the ifland qf Tfong-ming,
after a courfe of about aaoo miles.
Near its fourfc« it is called, by the
plfuths, Porticho or Petchow. At the
place where the Kian^ku bends to the s,
It is on the oppofite flde of the nioun-
tains which give rife to the Hoan-ho ;
and thefe two great rivers afterward
part to the diftance of above looo miles,
yet finally difcharge themfclves into
the fame fea at About the diftance of
J 00 miles from each other.
Kibur^t a town of Swiflerland, In the
canton of 'Zurich, with a caftle, feated
on the Theoff, 14 miles kne of Zurich.
Kiddfrmtnster, a corporate town in
Worccftcrfliire, with a market on Thurf-
day, and nianufaftures of carpets, pop-
lins, crapes, bombazeens, &c. The
Staffordlhire and Worcefterfhire canal
paflcfi this place. It is feated on the
river Stour, 14 miles se of BriJgenorth,
and 1:6 NW of London.
A7Vf<f, a town of Perfia, capital of
the province of Mecran. It is fortified,
and feated on the Nehenk, 530 miles
sw of Candahar. Lon. 63 30 e, lat.
16 !■; N.
KUnvflly, a town of Wales, in Car-
marthenlhire, governed by a mayor,
with a market on Tuefday. It ftands
on a creek of the Briftol channel, and
has a canal to fome collieries, whence
coal is brought down and exported.
Here is alfo an iron fpundery, and a tin
mill. On the oppofite bank of the creek,
where the old town formerly ftood, are
the remains of a caftle. It is eight
miles s of Carmarthen, ::*..d aj0 w by
N of London.
Kiel, a ftrong town of Lower Sax-
ony, in Holftcin, with a caftle, and a
univerfity. It ftands on a pcninfiila, in
.1 bay of the Baltic, and has a commodi-
ous harbour for fliips of the largeft
fizc. It is one of the moft commercial
places in Ilolftein ; and its trade is
augmfnted by means of the Eyder canal
toRendlburg. Kiel is 37 miles .v'w of
Lnbcc, and 46 n 'by k of Hamburg,
ton. 10 16 K, lat. 54 21 N.
Kien-ningt a city of China, of the
firft rank, in the province of Fokien.
At the time of the conqueft of China
by the Tartars, it fuftained two fiepi'S,
in the laft of which it was taken, and
K I L
all the inhabitants were put to the
fword. tt was afterward re>e(tabKfhedt
by the Tartars, and is a place of con*
fiderable trade. It ftaiida on the river
Min-ho, a6o miles sR of Nan*kitig.
Lon. ii;r a B, lat. a? 5 n.
Kien-tehangt a city of China, of the
firil rank, in the province of Kian|^-lia
feated in a fertile country, 340 mitet
ssw ofNiin-king. Lon, 116 35 s, lat.
a? 25 ^'
Kteouklang, a city of China, of the
lirft rank, in the province of Kiang-fi»
tituatc on the Kian-ku, immediatelf
above the influx of the Poyang-hou. It
is the rendezvous of i\\ the barks which
pafs to and fro^ other places in thia
prpvince, and the provinces of Kiang-
nan and Hou^nang. It is ajo miles
sw of Nan-king, Lon. |i6 o e, lat..
a? 54 N-
Kilbarchan, a village of Scotland,
on the w fide of Loch Winnoch, five
miles sw of Renfrew, It is a manufac-
turing place, and has extenfive bleach
fields.
Ki/tetrgan, a borough of Ireland, in
W Meath, feated on the Bofna, 14
ipiles B of Athlone, and 4% w of Dub-
lin.
Ktlhride, a town of Scotland, in La.
narkfhire, noted for its cotton ra^nu-
fa(ftun*8, and for being the birthplace of
Dr. William Hunter and his brother
John, two celebrated anatomifts. It is
fix miles s by E of Glafgow.
KUcalmonll, a town of Scotland, in
Argylefhire, and in the peninAila oS
Caiityre, 17 miles n of Campbelton.
K'ilday St- an iOand of Scotland, one
of the Hebrides, j8 miles to the wof N
llift. It is three miles long an^d two
broad, fenced about with one continued
perpendicular face of rock, of prodi-
gious height, except at the landing-
place, on the SB, where there is a nar-
row and fteep pafTage to a village on
the top of the rock. The furface of the
illand is hilly j but it feeds many Iheepy
avid produces plenty of br.ley and po-
tatocs. Many of the inhabitants five
chiefly by fiihiug, and catching wild
fowls. In tlie latter employment, they
arc incredibly adventurous ; being let
down by a rope from the fummit of the
prooipitouR rocks, .ind then clamber
along their fronts, in fearch of thjC eggs
and nefts of vrtrious birds. St. Kilda is
th»; moft wcfterly idand belonging to
Great Hritain. I.on.8 23 w, lat. 57 43 Ji.
Kildan; a county of Ireland, in the
province of I.c:nfter, 37 miles long and
20 broad ; bounJi'd on the E by Dublin
.-tnd W'uklow, w by Kings county and
K,I L
Qurens county* ,M by E Meath, and s
by Cuthcrlough. It is divided into
loo pariihesy contains about 56,000 in*
habit aiitSy and fends two members to
pariiam«Mit. The principal rivera are
the LifTey, Barrow, and Boyne. It is
a very fci lile and arable country. The
capital is of thu fame name ; but the
aluzefl are held alternately at Athy and
Kaas.
KUJarct a borough of Ireland, capital
of a county of the fam«: name, and a
bifliop'8 fee. It is chiefly fupported by
frequent horfcraces on what is called
the Curragh, a fine lofty plain, con-
taining upward of 3000 acres, which
fe«ds a great number of rticep. It is
a/ miles sw of Dublin. Lon. 6 37 w,
lat. s^ 9- N.
Kiifenora, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Clnrc, and a bifliop's fee
vnited to Killaloe. It is a fmall place,
13 miles Nw of Eunis.
Kilgarro'ii a town of Wales, in Pcm-
brokcfliive, with a market on Wed-
nefday. Here are the n-mains of a
caftlc, on a high rock ; an'- near it arc
large works for fabricatiri, tin plates.
It is feated on the Tyvy, 30 miles N of
Pembroke, and 131'i^N « of London.
jKiUiam, a town3|> E i'orkfiiire, with
a market on Saturday, 31 miles lne of
York, and ;oo n of London.
Kilia, a fortified town of European
Turkey, in BcfTrirbia, on an ifland, at
the month of the D;in;jbe. It was taken
by the Ruffinns in 179c, hut reftured at
the fubfrqutnt peace. It is 86 miles
sw of Bialogorod. Lon. ;8 46 u, lat.
Rilkcnny., a county of Ireland, in
the province of Leinfter, 40 miles long
and so bro.-.d ; bounded on the e by.
Catherlough and Wexford, w by Tip-
perary, n by Queens county, and s by
Watcrfcrd. It is divided into 1:7 pa-
ri/hcs, contains about 100,000 inhabi-
tant?, and fends three members to par-
liament. The l';irface is in gt;,eral level,
and the foil ferlile. Wool is a con-
fiderable article of trade ; and it is par-
ticularly noted fur its coal, which ntakes
no fmoVe in burning. The principal
rivcrr arc the Barrow, Suir, and Nore.
Kilkenny, a borough of Ireland, ca-
pital of a county of the fame name,
fituate on the river Nore, over which are
two bridges. Irifhtown, on the e fide
of the river, is joined to it, and both
together t'oriri one of the moft populous
and commticial towns in Ireland. It
once had a btfbop ; and the cathedral,
which itands \i; Iriflitown, belongs to
the bifhop of Offory. The chitt ma-
K I L
nufaiSlnres are coarfe woollenn and fine
blankets. It is a 6 miles N of Waterford,
and 64 sw of Dublin. Lon. 7 3} w,
lat. 5% 36 N.
KUlala, a feaport of Ireland, in the
county of Mayo, and a bifhop'g fee
united with Achonry. It ftands on a
line bay of the Atlantic, to which It
gives name, 14 miles n of Caftlebar.
Lon. 9 42 w, lat. 54 8 K.
Killaloe, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Clare, and a> biftiop's fee
united with Kiifenora. It is feated 011
the Shannon, over which is i bridge,
10 miles N N E of Limerick.
Killanif Bay, a bay of Ireland, on
the E coail of the illand of Arranmore,
in the county of Galvvay. Lon. 9 36
w, lat. 53 44 N.
• Killarnei/, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Kerry, on the fide of a cele-
brated lake of the fame name, 14 miles
SKofTralet?.
Killarney, a lake of Irt-land, in the
county of Kerry, otherwife called
Lough Lean, from its being furroimded
by high mountains. It is divided into
three parts, called the I^ower, Middle,
and Upper Lake. The northern, or
lower lake, is fix milcts long and three
broad. On the fide of one of the
mountains is OSuUivan's cafcade,
which faHs above 70 feet into the lake
with a tremendous roar ; and oppofite
this cafcade is the illand of Innisiallen,
which contains 18 Irifh acres. The
promontory of Mucrufs divides the
upper from the lower lake, and on
palling round its extremity into the
upper lake, there is a celebrated rock,
called the Eagles-neft, which produces
wonderful echos. The upper lake is
four miles hmg and two broad, and
from the mountains defcend a number
of beautiful cafcades. The iflands in
this lake are numerous, and afford an
amazing vari.ty of pifturcfque views.
The centre lake, which communicates
with the upper, is fmall in eomparifon
with the other two, and cannot boad
of equal variety ; but the Ihores are
indented with bays, furrounded by
dark groves of trees. The e boundary
is formed by the bafc of iSlangcrton,
down the fteep fide of which dcfcends
a cafcade, vifjble fdr 150 yards: this
fall of water is fupplied by a lake,
near the fummit of the mountain, called
the Devil's Punch-bowl.
Kilicullcn, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Kildaj^, on the x'wtt Liffey,
over which is a bridge, nine miles ese
of Kildare, and 35 sw of Dublin.
Kii'lfmuU, a town of Ireland, in the
^sa^SS^^Sifc.
K I L
county of Tipperary, to miles ewb of
Cilhcl.
KilUvan, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Monaf^han, ciglit miles sw of
M()nsgh.'«n.
Killingl^^t a town of Connetflicut,
in Winilham county, fituato on ttic
Qtiiiiabaii;;, i8 miles ve of Wind-
ham.
Killinsvjoriby a town of ConneAicut,
in iViiddlefex county, feated on the
Hammonitirtt, on Long Ifland found, 24
milts E of Newhaven.
Killonyy a town of Ireland, in the
county of Sligo, fix miles s of Sligo.
KiV.ought or Port St. Ann, a feaport
of Iieland, in the county of Down, to
the N of St. Johns point, in the Irifh Tea.
A rock ftands in the middle of the en-
trance of its harbour, covered at half
flood. Here is a hnanufadure of fait. .
It is fix miles ssb of Downpatrick.
Lon. 5 30 w, lat 54 14 n.
Killybe}^!, a borough of Ireland, in
the county of Donegal, with a fpacious
harbour on the n fide of Donegal bay,.
II miles NW of Ballyfhannon. Lon.
8 6 w, lat 54 40 K.
Killyleaghf a borough of I/eland, in
the CDtinty of Down, with a linen and
thread manu'adture. The celebrated
JirHans Sloane was bom in th 8 town.
It in ftaied on an arn of Strangford
Lough, 35 miles n'e of N«twry.
Kilmacduaght a town of Ireland, in
the county of Galway, and a bifhop'a
fee united to Cionfert. The ruins of
the cathedral, a monallery, &c ilenote
the former confequence of this now
wretched place. It is la miles n of
Ennis..
Kilniacthomas, a town of Ireland, in
the countv of Waterford, i a miles ws w
of Waterford.
Kilmninkantt a town of Ireland, in
a valley, about half a mile w of Dublin.
It has a frfiion-houfe, a gaol, a found-
ling hofpital, and a hofpitai for invalid
foldiers. Here thi,- knights for the coun-
ty of Dublin are elcded; and it was
the feat of government, before the caf-
tie at Dublin was appropriated to that
purpofi^.
Kilmnllack, a boron;;!! of Ireland, in
the county of Limerick, 18 miles s of
Limerick
Kilmnrnock, a town of Scotland, the
largeft in Ayrfhire. Befid*' the parifli
church there are four other places of
worfhip. It has a manufadure of Ciir-
pots, ferges, and other woollen goods,
arid a trade in faddlery, leather, &c.
Near it arc the remains of Dean cattle,
the feat of the warls of Kilmarnock, in
the defolatc conUlliun in whicU it was
KIN
reduced by fire in 1735. In 1801, thts ,
number of inhabitants was 8079. It is
feated near the Irvine, 1 1 miles nne of
Ayr, and ao 8sw of Glafjijow. Lon. 4
38 w, lat. 55 40 X.
Kihnaurs, a town of Scotland, in
Ayrfhire, with a trade in cutlery, two
miles NW of Kilmarnock.
Ki/morc, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Cavan, and, with Armagfly
miles u.w.
of Cavan.
is a hifhop's fee. It is thVee
Kilrenny, a borough of Scot!and,*?n.
Fifefhirc, on the frith of Forth, two
miles N K of Anllruthcr.
Kilsyth, A town of Scotland, in Stir-
linglhire. The vicinity abounds with
coal and iron-flone; of the latter ^bout
5000 tons are fent annually to Carron.
It is 15 miles sw of Stirling, and ij nb
of Gl ifgow.
Kilwinnin}^, a town of Scotland, ia
Ayrfhire. Here are the remains of a
magnificent monallery; the (tecpic and
part of the church are in a good ftate
of repair. The vicinity abounds in
limeitone and coal. It ia feated near
the Garnoch, five miles nnw of Ir-
vine
Kimherrojorth, a village in W York-
fliire, two miles wof Potherham, noted
for its woollen and line 1 Tnanufa<flures.
Kimbolton, a town ia Huntingdon-
fliire, with a market on Friday. Here is
a caftle, the feat of the duke of Man-
chcfter, where quren Catharine, firit
wife to Henry viii, disd in 1535. It
is eight miles nw of St. Neot, and 63.
N by w of London.
Ktmi, or Kiemi, a town of Sweden,
in £ Bothnia, on a river of the fame
name, near its entrance into the gulf of
Bothnia, 10 miles e of Tornea.
Kimlassa, a town of HindoofVan^ in
Malwa, 40 miles s of Cbanderce, and
185 EME of Ougein.
Kimpolung, a town of European
Turkey, in Moldavia, on the river Mol-
dava, 93 miles ne of Colofwar.
Kin, or Kain, a town of Perfia, in
the province of Chorafan, lituatc at
the foot of a mountain, 60 miles Si>w
of Herat.
Khihurn, a fortrefs of Ruflia, on the s
fide of the eftuary of the Dnieper. It
has been frequently attacked by the
Turks, by land and fea, but without
fuccefs. It is 18 miles s^e of Oczakow,
on the oppofite fide of the Dnieper.
Lon. 30 34 E, lat 46 28 N.
Kincardiney a town of Scotland, in
Perthlhire. in a diflridt almoll furround-
ed by Clackmannanihire, with a commo-
dious harbour, and a good road in
the frith of Forth. Ship-building is car-
K I N
ried on to a great extent, and the coaft-
in{; and foreign tradu is cunfideri^ble.
It is four miles se of Alloa, and az s by
w of Perth.
Kineardmet a town of Scotland, in
llofsfliire, with a frnall harbour, oti
the frith of Dornoch, 14 miles w by v
of Tain.
Kimardine Oniel, a town of Scotlancf,
in Aberdeenfhire. feated on the river
Dee, 23 mileS w by s of Aberdeen.
Khicardhej/iire, or Mearm, a county
of Scotland, bounded on the nw and n
by Aberdcenlhire. e by the German
ocean, and s and sw by Angusfhire.
Its length along the coatl is 30 miles,
and io is its gieateft breadth. • The
number of inhabitants in 1801 was
a6,,:)49. The nw part ia mountainous,
and chiefly adapted for pafture; but to
the s of the Grampians the furface is in
general fertile. The fmall villageof Kin-
cardine, nine miles sw of Stonehaven,
was formerly the capital, but Stone-
baven is now the county-town.
Kinderhook, a town of New York, in
Columbia county, on the e fide of
Hudfon river, 15 miles k of the city of
liudfon.
Kineton. See Ki^on.
King George the Third Sound, a har-
bour on the sw coaft of New Holland,
difcovered by captain Vancouver in
1 79 1. It is fate, and eafy of accefs any
where between its outer points of en-
trance, Bald-head and Moimt Gardner,
1 1 miles diftant from each other. Lon.
118 17 E, lat.35 5 s.
King George Sound, the name given
by captain Cook, in 177V, to the bay
which he difcovered on the w coaft of
K America, in lon. 126 48 w, and lat.
49 33 ^- But the natives call it
Noetia ; the name now generally adopt-
ed by the EngUfli. It is not fituate on
the continent, as Cook bad reafon to
fuppofc, but on an ifland, to which
captain Vancouver, who coafted it in
1 79 J, gave the name of Quadra and
Vancouver Jfland, the former being
the name of the Spanifh commandant
on the coaft. The woods are com-
pofed of the Canadian pine, white cy-
prefs, and two or three other forts of
pine J and in general they are of a large
fize. About the rocks and borders of
the woods Wire feen fome ftraw berry
plants, and rafpberry, currant, and
goofi'beny bufties, all in a flourifhing
ftate. The principal animals feen here
w(rre racoons, martens, and fquirrels.
Birds .iro far from being numerous,' an(J
thf)fe that are to be feen .ire remark-
ably Ihy. The ftature of the natives is,
in general, below the comn;on ftand
K I N
ard ; but their perfons are not pro.
portionably (lender, being ufually pretty
plump, though not mufcular. The
women are of the fame fize and form
as the men ; nor in it eafy to diftinguifli
them, as they pofl'cfs no natural feminine
graces. Their bodies arc always co.
vered with red paint; but their faces
are ornamented with a variety of co-
hnirs, a black, a bright red, or a while
colour. They arc docile, courteous,
and goodnatured j but quick in refent-
ing injuries, and, like moft other paf.
fionate people, as quickly forgetting
them. Their weapons arc bows and
arrows, Ilings, fpears, ftiort truncheons
of bone, and a fmall ax, not unHkt the
common American tomahawk. A
rattle and a fmall whiftle are the only
inftruments of mulic that were feen
among them. Their houfes confift of
very long broad planks, refting upon
the edges of each other, tied, in dif-
ferent parts, with withes of pine hark.
Their furniture conftfts principally of
chefts and boxes of various iizes, piled
upon each other, at the tides and ends
of their houfes, in which are depoiited
their garments, and whatever they deem
valuable; they have alfo fquare and
oblong pails, bowls to eat their food
out of, «c. The irregularity and con-
fulion of their houfes is exceeded by
their naftineft and ftench: every thing
ftinks of train oiU iiih, and ftnoke; and
every part is as nlthy as can be imagin-
ed. ' In 1786, a few Britiih merchants
in the £ Indies formed a fettlement in
this place, to fupply the Chinefe mar-
ket with furs; but the Spaniards, in
1789, captured two Englifli venils, and
took poiVeflion of the fettlement. The
Britiih minlftry made their demand of
reparatioji, and the aiTair was amicably
terminated by a convention.
Kin-gan, a city of China, of the firft
rank, in the province of Kiang-fi, featr
ed on the Kan-kiang, 800 tniles s of
Peking. Lon. 115 10 e, lat- 27 16 n.
Kirighorn, a borough of Scotland, in
Fifclhire, on the frith of Forth, nearly
oppoiite I.eith. It has two harbours,
one below the town, and the other half
a mile w, at Pcttycur, for the paflagc-
boats between this place and Lchh.
The chief manufadturcs arc thread
ftockings, and the fpinning of cotton
and Hax. It is eight miles n by w of
Lcith.
Kings Csunty, a county of Ireland,
in the province of Lcinftor, 38 milesi
long and 50 broad ; bounded on the v
by W Meath, e by Kildare, s by Qiieenn
county and Tipperavy, and w by the.
Shaunoii, which fepuratcs it from GaU
KIN
way ind Rofcommon. It is divided
into 52 parilheSf contains about 741500
inhabitants) and fends two membcrii to
parliament. The principal rivers are
the Shannon, Brofna, Buyne, and Bar-
row. It is not fo well cultivated as
?ome of the other counties, but the
foil is tolerably fertile. The capital is
Philipflown.
Kings Langlejy a village in I-fertford-
fliirc, on the river Gade, fiv« miles sw
flf St. Alban. Here was a royal p.ilace
built by Henry in, the ruins of which
are to be feen. Richard 11 was buried
in its munaftery, but removed, by Hen-
ry V, to Weftminfter.
Kingabr'tdget a town in Devonfliire,
with a market on Saturday, feated at
the head of a fmall inlet of the Englifli
channel, called Selcomb river, over
which is a bridge to Dodbrook. It is
34 miles s by w of Exeter, and ao8
wsw of London.
Kingsckrt, a town in Hampfhire, with
a market on Tuefday, and a great
trade in malt- It was the refidence of
fome of our Saxon kings. It is nine
miles s\v of Bofingftoke, and 54 w by s
of London.
Kingicllfft a town in North ampton-
ftiire, with a market on Tuefday, 12
miles w of Peterborough, and 86 n by
w of London.
Kingittin, a ftrong fortrcfs of Nor-
way. See Freder'iatadt.
KingstoM, a corporate town in Surry,
00 the river Thames, with a market on
Saturday. A national council was held
herein the year 838, at which Egbert,
the firft king of all England, and his fon
Athelwolf, were prefent; and feveral
of the Saxon monarchs were crowned
here. This town fent members to par-
liament in the reigns of Edward 1 1 and
tit; butitceafed afterward, in confe-
(juence of a petition from the corpora-
tion. Queen Elifabeth founded here a
freefchoul; and the fpring nfiizes are
held at this place It has a wooden
bridge over the river, and th^r corpora-
tion have a revenue for its fupport. It
is 10 miles sw of London. Lon. 013
w, lat. 51 aj- N.
Kingston^ the capital of St. Vincent,
in the W Indies, fituate at the head of
a bay of the fame name, on tlie sw fhore
oftheifland. Lon. 6t 15 w, lat. 13
5M.
Kingston, the capital of Jamaica, fi-
tuate on the N fide of Port Royal bay.
It was built after the great earthquake
in 160a (which dellroyed the town of
Port Royal) has fince continued to in-
creafe in fitc and opulence, and in I'tji
K I N
\»as incorporated as a city. It it 1
place of good trade, being much refort-
ed to by ihips coming to load and un^'
load their cargos. The houfes are one
flory high, manyof ihcm with porticos,
and every conveniency for a comfort-
able habitation in this climate. The
number of white inhabitants in 1778
was 6539, of frae people of colour
3280, and of davet 1 6^659. Lon. 76
42 w, lat. 18 3 N.l -,
Kingston^ or Esoptu, a town of Ncv^
York, chief of Ulfter county. It was
deftroyed by an Englilh fleet in 1777,
but has been rebuilt on a regular plan.
It ftands on Efopr creek, near its en*
trance into Hudfon river, 86 miles n
of New York. Lon. 74 3 w, lat. 41
54 N.
Kingston^ a town of N Carolina,
chief of Lenoir county, on the w fide
of the Neus, 40 miles w by N of Now-
bem, and 50 se of Ralegh.
Kingston^ a town of S Carolina, in
Georgetown dirtriA, On the w fide of
Wakkamaw river, 30 railed nnk of
Georgetown.
Kingston^ a town of Upper Canada^
on Lake Ontario, at its outlet the river
St. Lawrence. It/Was formerly called
Frontinac, and paii of the old fort is
now ftanding, the beft part of which is
the magazine. Here the king's ftni«s
are kept and guarded. Veflels from
Lower Canada go no further than this
place; and hence to York, Niagara*
&c. ftores and merchandify are convey-
ed in boats. It is 150 miles sw of Mon«
treal. Lon. 75 41 w, lat. 44 8 n.
Kingston on Hull, Sec Hull.
' King-tcbeou, A city of China, of the
firft rank, in the province of Hou-quang.
It is divided by a fingle wall into two
parts, one of which belongs to the Chi-,
nefe and the other to the Tartars, of
whom the garrifon confifts. It has a
great trade, and ftands on the Kian-ku^
6so miles ssw of Peking. Lon. iit ^^^
H, lat. 41 6 N.
King-te-tching, a town of China, in
the province of Kianp-fi. It is famous
fur its beautiful porcelain, is computed
to contain above a million of inhabitants,
and extends four miles along the banks
of a river, which here forma a kind of
harbour. This town wants nothing
but walls to make it a great city. It is
655 miles s of Peking. Lun. ii4 54 Kf
lat. 29 25 N.
Kingtont or Kinefon, a town in War-
wickihire, with a market on 'IHieiday.
King John kept his court in a callle
he eredled here. It is jo miles sse of
W.irwick, .itid 8s nw ofl.undon.
K TN
Kmjfion, or Kyneton^ a town in
llrref«)ri1fhirff, with a inaiket on Wcd-
nefdnyy and a manufacture of wc.ollcn
tlotfi. It is fedtcd on the Arrow,
under Bradnor mountnin, i^t milts nw
of Hereford, and i.';5 w-Nwof London.
Ktn-hoa, a city of China, oftlicfirft
ranit, in Tche-kiangr, on the bank* of a
tine river, into w hich feveral little onca
difchargc thi-mfelvci. It has a great
crade in dried plums and hams ; and
is famous for good rice-wine, and very
white candles ; the lattiT mad«? of a
fubftance obtained from little (hrubs
with a white flower, not unlike jeffa^
mine. It is 190 miles s by e of Nan-
king. Lon. 120 10 K, Int. 39 16 N.
liinnaird Head, a lofiy promontory
of Scotland, on the n coafl of Aber-
Ueenfhirc, projedling above a mile into
the fca, to the n of the town of Fra-
fifrburg. Here Is a caftle, four ftories
high ; and on the top of it is a light-
houfe. Lon. i 46 w, Int. 57 ?.9 n.
KmnouU a town of Scotland, in
P«.'ithfhir«', with the remains of an an-
cient caftlo. The hill of Kinnonl is
particularly famous for its fine abates;
it alfo abounds withtmany rare plants.
The town ftands afetliefoot of the hill,
on the rivi-rTay, tttlK e end of the
bridge of Ptrth.
hinress, a borough of Scotland, ca-
pital of Kinmfsfhire, feated in a pinin
fierce ned ,on the n by the Ochil hili.<;,
and on the river Leven, before it enters
Loch Leven. It has a maniifaifturc of
coaife linens, and is 23 mih^s nnw of
Edinburg. Lon. 3 9 w, lat. 56 7 n.
Kinrosi'shiret a county of Scotland ,
furrounded by the Oiirts of Perth and
Fife, and almoft. circular, about 30
miles in circdmferencc. It is divided
into feven pariflies, and the number of
inhabitantsin i8oiwa86725- The cen-
tral part is occupied by Loch Leven,
and the country around has a rich ap-
pcai'ance. It fends one member to par-
liament, .nltcfuately with the county
of Clackmannan.
KinsaU, a feaport and borough of
Ireland, in the county of Cork.. It is ",
maritime arfenal, contains 8,000 in-
habitants, andhas an excellent harbour,
defended by a ftrong fort. Conlidcr-
able quantities of grain are exported
from this place. It is feated at the
mouth of the fiandon, 14 miles s of
Cork. Lon. 8 26 w, lat. 5142 M.
Kiti'tchingf the' capital of the ifland
ofLieou-kieou, in the China fca, and
ot all the iflands under that appella-
tion. The king's palace, reckoned to
be four leagues in circumference, is
K 1 O
btiilt on a neighbouring mountain,
Kin-tching is fcatcd in Cheonli, fhe »
part of the illand. " Lon. 117 30 e, Ut.
46 2 N.
h'in-tottgt a city of China, of the
firft rank, in the province of Yun-nan.
The fnrronnding coimtry ii mountain-
ons but the valties yield abund.ince of
rice. It is feated on the Pa>pien, 750
miles w by N of Canton. Lon. io»
40 k:, lat. 24 30 N.
h'intere, a borough of Scotland, in
Aberdeenfliire. on the river Don, 15
miles w by N of Aberdeen.
Kintzingen, a town of Tranconia, In
the principality of Wurtzburg, with a
noble Benrdidline convent, fcatt;d on
the Maine, lomilcs EsKof Wurf/burg.
hin-yang, a city of China, of the
firft rank, in Chen-fi. It has always
been deemed as a barrier againft the
incurfions of the Tartars, and is ftrong-
ly fortified. The country around is
very fruitful. It is 560 miles sw of
Peking. Lon. 107 30 b, lat. 36 6 n.
Kin-yvtny a city of China, of the
firft rank, in Qiianp-fi. It is fe.ited on
a fine river, but furrounded with erne-
gy moimtains inhabited by a people
almoft fav.ige, 310 miles w by N of
C'<inton. Lon. 108 15 F, lat. •24 j8 n.
iihf, a town of Poland, in a palati-
nate of the fame name, and an arch,
bilhop's fee, with a caftle. It is the
c.ipital of the Ruffian . government of
Kiof, and carries on a confiderable
tmde. Here are catacombs of con-
fiderable extent, dug as would .ippiMr,
through a mafs of hardened clay, It it
divided into the old and nrw towr,
and feated on the w fide of the Dnieper,
180 miles KE of Kaminicck, and 3:55 f.
by s of Warfaw. Lon. 30 i.j E, lat. j»
'.? ^' , . •
/ftq/i or Kiow, a palatinate of Po-
land, in that part of the Ukraine which
lies on the w fide of the Dnieper. It
contains only two diflrifts, and feveral
fmall towns fcarcely worthy of notice;
its capital, Kiof, being fubjed to
Rufiia.
A»o/, or KieWi a government of the
Rtifllan empire, b-ing part of the Uk-
raine, or Little Rufli;i. It lies on the e
fide of the Dnieper, although Kiof, the
capital, is on the w fide. It w.iS once
a duchy, belonging to the grt\it dukes
of Ruflia, and Kiof was thi-ir capital.
This country w,is conquered by the
Tartars, and came again into the pof-
feflloii of the great dukes, but was
overrun and poffeflTed by the Coflacs,
nnder the protedion of Poland. lip
1664, tlicnatives,difcontented with John
^s^te-
KIR
Cafifniri kinp of Poland, fubmittcd to
RitfUa, and have ever lincc remained
iub}eH to that empire. Th>8 govern-
ment contains eleven dinriAs ; nnd its
principal rivers are the Dnieper, Dcfn.-i,
Ofler, Udai, Sula, Tfol, and Trubefti.
Kio-feout a ciiy of China, in the pro-
vince (if Chang-tong and diftrift of Ycn-
icheou. It is the birthplao; of Con-
fucius, fcvifMl mcnunnents to whofc
memory are ftill to be feen here.
Kiogt, or Ko^e, a feaport of Den-
mark, in the ille of Zealand. Tlie
ilnglilh defeated the Danes here, and
took the town in 1807. It is 18 miles
iss of Copenhagen. Lon. la 15 k, lat.
i5 .^o *"•
Kiofing, a town of Sweden, in Wer-
meland, featcd on a fmall Itrenm, that
at a little diilance enters the lake
Maeler, 10 miles w of Stroemfliolm.
Kil>/>en, a town of Scotland, in Stir-
linglhirc, feated near the Forth, nine
miles w of Stirling.
Kirbji Lonsdale, a town in Well-
morland, with a market on Thurfday,
feated on the Loyne, over which is an
ancient Hone bridge, 10 miles se of
Kendal, and 2 ; a n w of London.
Kirby Moorside, a town in N York-
fhire, with a market on Wednefday,
featcd on the edge of the moons, near
the river Dow, 28 miles w of York, and
JJ4 N by w of London.
Kirby Stephen, a town in Weftraor-
land) with a market on Monday, and a
manufadtiire of ftockings; featcd on
the river £dt.'n, nine miles sss of Ap-
pleby, and 266 NNW of London
Kirc/ibach, a town of Germany, in
Stiria, 14 miles se of Gratz.
Kirehberjf, a town of France, in the
department of Rhine and Mofelle, lately
of Germany, in the circle of Upper
Khine, 28 miles ssw of C'obleutz.
KircAberjf, a town of Suabia, capital
of a burgravate ov the fame name ;
feated on the Her, nine miles s of Ulm.
Kirchberg, a town of Franconia, in
the principality of Hohenlohe, with a
adie on a hill, by the river Jaxt* 12
miles ssw of Ratcnburg.
Kirchhat/n, a town of Lufatia, on the
river Bober, 18 miles a of Luckau.
Kirchhayn^ a town of Germany, in
Upper Hefle, fituate on the Wohra, fix
miles E of Marburg.
Kirchbeintt a town of France, in the
department of Mont Tonnerre, lately
of Germany, in the circle of Upper
Rhine, 15 miles w of Worms.
Kinhheimy a town of Suabia, in the
(juchy of Wirtcmberg, on the river
tauter, J 6 miles se of Sutgard.t
K I U
K'trdorft a town of Germany* ia
Upper Helfe, 1 1 miles i. uf M.irburg.
Kirin, one of the three provinces of
Eallcni Tartary, bounded on the nw bjr
the province of Tcitcicar,N by the river
Saghalien, K by the fea of Japan, » b/
Corea and Lesotong, and w by Weiterii
Tartary. 'I'liis country, which i:> (;x-
tremely cold, from the number of fo*
reds by which it is covered, is thinly-
inhabited. The valuable plant ginfcug
grows here; and the emperor of China
lends hither the criminals baniihed by
the laws.
Kirin, a city of Eaftern Tartary, ca-
pital of the province of Kirin, and the
refidence of a Mandfhur generd, who
is inveded with the authority of a vice-
roy- It is fituate on the river Soii-
gari, which ia here called Kirin. 540
miles EN E of Peking. Lon. is7 2o£,
lat. 4,) 2o N.
Kiikcaldt/, a boroufjh of Scotland, in
Fifc'fhire, with a good harbour, on the
frith of Forth. Here are a dockyard
for fmall veflels, and manufa^urcs of
checks, ticking, cotton, and leather. It
is 1 1 miles N of Lcith.
Kirkcudbright, a borough and fea-
port of Scotland, capital of the county
of its name, with a Cimle. The harbour
will admit ihips of any burden to come
up to the town, and yet it has no con-
liderable trade or manufa<fture. It in
fealed at the mouth of the Dee, 25
miles sw of Dumfries. Lon. 4 5 w,
lat. 54 54 N.
Kirkcudbrightshire,ov East Gal/oavaj/,
a county of Scotland, 45 miles long and
30 broad; bounded on the nw by Ayr-
ftiire, NE by Dumfrieslhire, e and a by
Solway Frith and the Iiilh fe^, and w
by Wigtonlhire. It is divided into 28
pni ifhcs, and fends one member to par-
liament. The number of inhabitants in
1801 was 29,211. The northern parts
are mountainous, and uncultivated ; but
there is fome fertile land on the lides of
the rivers, and it feeds a great number
of cattle and fheep. The chief rivers
are the Dee, Ken, and Orr.
Kirkhutn, a town in Lancaihire, with
a market on Tuefday, and aconfiderable
manufaiitnre of canvas. It is fe.ited
near the mouth of the Ribble, 18 miles
s of Lancafter, and 225 nnw of Lon-
don.
Kirkintilloch, a town of Scotland, ia
Dumbartonfliiie, with manufaiftures of
linen and cotton ; feated nttar the Kel-
vin, feven miles nne of Glafgt)w. '
KirkUis, a village in VV Y«)rldhire,
fituate on the Cakier, three iT!il<-s from
liuddtrsfielu. In the pi:i» ii','ar it is
i>■'^ | |. ■w i ^^ffl^ii;l_^■ - "Vfj|^ iill1fr(f'fi
t ti
kht monument cf the ^intoui ftobin
Mood.
Klrkeituati, a town in Combrrland,
with a miukrt nn Thtirfday. On an
cictated fpot, a little t of the town, are
tbc ruins of a cMdle \ and on anotlicr
cniincnc«i thrcu mili^ tn tli« *, is the
lamuusdruidlcat monument called Long
Mrs and hvr Daughti'is. Kirknrwald
id bated at the conflux of the Crogtin
with tlie Bden, nine mileK n by a of
Penrith, and 29a nw of London.
Kirk^alriekt a village of Scotland, in
Oumbartonlhire. fivu miles usk of Dum-
barton. The vvftiges of the Romnn
wall, built hy Antoninus, extend from
the Clyde at this place, to Abcrcorn on
the frith of Forth. It is called, by the
country people, Graham's Dike. *
KirknucilU a borough of Scotlnnd,
capital of Pomona, the principal idand
of the Orkneys. It is built on a neck
of land, on the K fule of the ifland ; and
the moft ftriklng objea is the ftatelv
cathedral of St. Aiagnus, oppofitc which
ia the bilhop's pulace, now called a
caftle. Th«' harbour is excellent, with
a good outer rnad. which are defended
by a fortification. , litre are manu-
fa<nuro8 of linen aqd eotton ; and great
Huanttties of kelp arc exported. It is
Jo miles n b of Tlmrfo, in Caithr fs-
iirff. Lou- a SS w, lat. 5<) ! s N.
KirH% a town of France, in the de-
partment of Rhine and Molclle, lately
of Germany, in the palatinate of the
Rhine ; fituatn on the Nahc, 42 miles s
by w of Coblent/.
Kirrymulr, a town of Scotland, in
Angiisfliire, with coniiderahle manu*
failures of brown and coarfc linens. It
is five miles NW of Fortar, and 16 N of
Dundee. >
Kirshthry a town of Afiatic Turkey,
in Natolia, formerly a confiderablc city,
called Diocxfarea. Salt is made in the
neighbourhood. It is 84. miles ne of
Cogni. Lon. ,^4 15 b, lat. 39 10 n.
Kirsoi'at a town of European Tur-
key, in Bulgaria, featcd on the Danube,
76 miles sw of Ifmaci. Lon. a8 4 e,
(at. 44 47 ^'
KirtoHt a town in Lincotnffiire, with
a market on Saturday, zo miles k of
Lincoln, and 147 k by w of London.
Kishmagur, a town of Hindooflan,
in Bengal, 45 miles n of Calcutta, and
jo s of Moorfhedabad.
Kismich, a fertile ifland at the en-
trance of the gulf of Perfia, 50 miles
long and eight broad, feparated by a nar-
row channel from the continent of Perfia.
Its E end is I a miles s of Gombron.
Kiuingent a town of Franconiai In
Kit
the prtn«lt)«1itr of Wurtzburg. in the
environs are fome medicinal and fait
fprings. It is feated on the Saal, 10
miles Nw of Schweinfurt.
Kisti, on** of the feven Caucsflan
nations thiit inhabit the countries b(.
tween the Black fea and the Catpi.in.
This nation extends from the highcfi
ridge of CancalUs, along the Sumiitu
rivulets. They are bounded on the w
by Little Cabarda, s by the Tartars
and Lefguis, and s by the Lcfguig and
Georgians. They coiifift of lixtcen
diftri^ls or tribes, which are generally
at variance with each other, and with
their neighbours. Thof« belonging to
the dillriits of Wapi, Angufht, and
Shalka, fnbmitted to Ruflia in i-jjq^
The Tfhetflien tribe is fo numerous
and warlike, and has ^iven the Rufllann
fo much trouble, that its name it iifually
given by them to the whole Kifti n.ition.
The Ingulhi, who are capable of arming
above 3000 men, live in villages near
each other: they .ire diligent hiilband-
men, and rich in cattle. Many of their
villages have a ftone tower, which
ferves, in time of war, as a retreat to
their women and children, anil a maga-
zine for their cffefls. Tiiefe people are
.ill armed, and haVe the cuftom of wear-
ing fliields. Their religion is very fim-
pie, but has fome traces of Chriilianity.
They believe in one GotI, whom they
call Dail^, but h.)ve no faints or religious
perfons ; and cclebiate Sunday, not by
any a-ligious ceremony, but by relling
from labour. They obferve no cere-
monies cither at births or deaths, allow
of polygamy, and cat pork.
Kistna, a river of Hindoodan, which
rifes in the Sukhien mountains, not far
to the s of Poona, Hows e abont joo
miles, forming the boundary butween
the Deccan and the Peninfula, .ind
enters the bay of Bengal by feveral
mouths, to the s of Mafulipatam. This
river rival* any Indian ftream in the
fertility diiTufed by its inundations ; anci
the richeft diamond mines in the world
are in the neighbouring hills to the
north.
KistnagfofH, a town and fortrefs of
Hindooftan, in Myfure. This town
was attacked by the Britidi troops, in
1789, who gained the low(;r fort and
fuburb, without much difficulty; but
the upper fort made fo defperate a re-
flftance, that it w.i3 found necclTary tO
deiift from the attempt. It is 54 miles
SE of Bangalore, and 66 wsw of Arcot.
Kittery, a town of the dillrid of
Maine, in York county, on Stur^eod
creek, eight miles ssw of Vork.
K N d
kiftuhl, a town of Oermonyt in
Tyrolt on th« river Acha, 1 1 miles tv.
of Kufttdn.
KitzinxfUt a town of Franconia, in
the principality of WurtKburg, on the
filer Mainvi le mitca esc of Wuitz-
burg-
Kiwi-ttbfOK, a city of China» capital
of thcifland of Hainan, on the N coaft,
at thK muuth of the Limou. It ftanda
on a promontury. and fhipi often an-
khor under it* walli. Lon. toy jfl a,
lat. 10 6 »•
Kivtuja, Qf Cf</iq/at a town of Afiaiic
'Turkey, capital of Natolia. Near it
«re fume Warm bathi, much eftcemed-in
feveral difurderi- It Is Iltuate at the
foot of a mountain, near the river Pur>
i'ak> i46milei 8a e of Conftailtiooplc.
ton. 30 44 "» IJ*'. 39 14 N. ^
Khdraut a town of Bohctnia* in the
(Circle of Pilfcn, near the river Mifa, 30
hiiles w of Pilfcn.
Khttatu \ town of Bohemia, in the
circle of Filien, on the river Walta» %%
miles 8SW of Pilfen.
KitHgnaut a town of Swiflerland, in
the county bf B.iden. on the river Aar^
fevcn mile* k of Baden.
Knartshorougbt a boroUgh in K
Vorklhire, with a market on Wednvf-
ilay. On a rugged rock, almoft encum-
paired by the nVei* Kid, ai-e the ruins of
Its caftle. Near it is a famous tbring,
called the Dropping Well, which falls
in drops from tlic top of a rock, and is
pf a ftrong petrifying quality> Kiiarcf'
borough is celebrated tor its linen cloth,
iheeting, kc- It is j8 miles w by n of
York, and 20a N by w of JLondon.
Knigbtotit a town of Wales, in Rad-
Iiorlhire. with a market ou Thurfday ;
bated on the 't'end, 14 miles w of Here*
ford, and 15& nw of London.
Knightsbridge, a Village in MiddlcfeX^
the firft from London on the great
vreftcrn road. Here are extenflve bar*
racks for fuldiers, and a confiderable
inariuFa^ure of painted iloor-cloths.
Kniphauieht a town and caille of
Weftphalia, in the territory of Jever,
tight miles, ESE of Jever.
Kni telfeldt a town of Germany, in
Stiria, on the river Meiir, le miles kne
ofjudenburg.
Knoctopher, a borough of Ireland, in
the county of Kilkenny, iz miles s by
E oT Kilkenny, and 18 N of Waterford.
^Knattinglejiit a village in W York-
inire, on the river Aire, tliree miles Bnb
of PontefraA, noted for its trade in
lime, which is butilt here in great quan>
titles.
Knoocvllkt i town of TennefTee, ca-
KOO
pit.1l of that ftate, wf^the diAri^ of
Hamilton, and of Khox county. Hert
is a college eftabliihed by government
called Blouiit Colligc. It fttnds oh
the river Holftou. at miile«, above it*
lunAidh with the TcnnciTce, soo t by t
of Franktbrt, and 480 Wsw of Ricli*
mond. Lon. 84 8 w, lat.ac (8 ir.
Knut{/i>rJ, a town irt Cheriiire, wltii
a market on Satiirday. Here is » cot-
toiumill, and a ihanunAUrb rtf (hag
velvets. It is fcven miles A B of North*
wich, And i;.-) vUW of London.
A'Mftg-nan, a city of China, of the
iird rank, in the province of Yun-nan^
170 miles KSi^ of Vun-nait.
KpaHg-ii, a cit;^ of China, of the firft
rank, in the province of Yun-uah, toe
miles EbE of Yun-nan.
Koangjin, a City oi^ China, of the
firft rank, in Kiang-fi. Here are maniU
fadtures of good papef, and the belt
cindles in the empire'. It is ajo milei
8 by w of Nan.king. Ldn. iiB. ae e^
lat. a8 3u N.
KohtH, a towrn an4''ca<lle of Silefli,
in th(* principalitv of Glogau, on the
tiVer oiler, 1 ; milbs .IE of Glogau.
Kodh called bv the Chinefe C/iamo^
a vaft dcfert of Chinefe Tartary, which
occupii?s almoft alt the s extremity of
the country of the Kalkas. It is more
than ISO leagues ft-om E tow, and aU
moft as ttiuch frdm M to s^
koei-uheout one of the fmalleft pri)'
vinces in China, bounded bn the a by
Quahg-fi, K by Hon>quai1g, x by Sea
tcl)eun,andwby Yun-nan. Jt is almoft
a defert ; but produces the beft hoKe*
in China. The itihabltants are moun*'
tiiineers, aciiultomed to indcpendehce,
and feem to form a fepai^te nation |
beit^g no lef" fisrocibus than the favage
animals amdng which thty livi>. ISefidtf
Koei-yang, the capital, it contains nine
cities of the firft, sknd 3^ of the fecoUd
and third clafs.
KoeHeheout a city of China, df the
firft rank, ih Se-tchiien. It ts very rich,
through itit great cdmilicrcc, aiia has a
cuftomhbufe to t-eceive the duties on
merChancife. Valt quantities of muflc
are collefted in the neighbourhood, and
there arc feveral fprings from Mfhich lalt
is procured. It ftands On the gr<;at river
Rian-ku, 637 tniles ssW of Peking. Lon.
X09 24 E, lat. 3t to Nt
JCbfi-yang, a city of China, capital of
the provitice of Koei-tcheou. The re-
mains of temples and palaces ftill an*
nounce its former magnificence. It it
4:0 miles Nw of Canton. Lod. loi l^
s, lat. 26 30 K.
Kog*. See J^£e.
Aft
K O N
Kolat a town of Ruflia, in the go.
Vcrnmint of Archangel, capital of Ruf-
flan Lapland. It has a good'harhour on
the river Kola, ne4r a bay of the feme
name in the Frozen ocean. Lon. 33 i
B.lat. 68 5»N.
iio//«, a town of fiohcmia, in the
circle of Kaurzim, with a cattle. A
little to the w of this place, in 17^7,
the Aufti'ians gained a vidoiy over {he
Ipruflians. It is sft miles ese of Prague.
Kolivarit a government of the Ruf-
fiai" ;:mpire, in Siberi.i) formerly inclnd-
«d in the government of ToboHk. This
country has veryprodndtive filver mines,
which have been called the Potofi of
RufTia. They lie between the Oby and
Irtylh, and chiefly near the mountains
which I'eparatx. Siberia from Chinefe
Tartary.
Kolivan, i: town of Siberia, capital of
the government of the fame name. In
its neighbourhood are filver mines of
confiderable produce. It was formerly
called iJerd{koi, and is feated on the
river Berd, at its conflux with' the Oby,
480 miles ESE of Tobolflt. Lon. 81 20
K, lat. $$ 28 N.
Kolomna, a town of Ruflla, in the
r.overnment of Mofcow, and a biflion's
fee ; feated on the Occa, near the influx
of the Molkvs, 60 miles sb of Mofcow.
Kom, or K/ium, a city of Perfia, in
the province of Irac, with a celebr.?.ted
mofque, and the fuperb tombs of Sefi i
and Abas iK The belt (abres and po-
niards in Pcrfia are made here. It is
^ated at the foot of high mountains,
and near a river which is loft in the
treat fait dcfert, 1 10 miles ir of Ifpahan.
,on. 51 14 E, lat. 34 jo N.
KcnjT, a town of Negroland, capital
of a kingdom of the fame name, on the
borders of Guinea, from which it is fe-
parated by a ridge of mountains. It is
230 milea ssw of SegO. Lon. 3 jo w ,
lat. II ao N.
KoHffsberff, a town of Norway, in
the government of Aggerhuys, cele-
brated for the richeft: filver mines in
Europe. It is fituate on both fides of
the river Lowe, 40 miles sw of Chrif-
tiania. Lon. to o t, lat. ^9 40 n.
Konstivinger^^ town ot Norway, on
the frontiers of Sweden, near the river
Glommf, at the foot of a fteep rock,
«ri which is a ftrong citadel. It is 41
niiie» tik. of ChrliViania. Lou. 12 8 £,
lat- bo 12 N-
Kong'tchang, a city of China, of ♦lie
flrll rank, in the province of Chen-lj.
it ftands on the river Hoei, furro'inded
by high mountal s, where a tomb is
if-M, '."hich tb«i Cliinefe pretend to be
K 6 N
tbat of Fo-hi. It is 650 miles wsw of
Peking, Lon. 104 ao e, l.it.'3456 j,,
KonUlh or Koineh. See Cogni.
KmiglHgratz, a fbrtiiied town of Bo-
homia, capital of a circle of the famti
name, and a bifliop's fee. It has a
fpacious handfome market-place, and
n any very elegant buildings. In 1765
, a body of PniflTian troops entered the
town, and laid the greater part of it in
alhe8. It is feated on the Elbe, 44
miles E of Prague. Lon. 15 47 e, lat.
50 lO N.
Konigsbfrg, a town of Germany, in
Upper HelTe, feven miles nw of Gieflen.
Kcnigjberg, a towii and caftle of
Franconia, 14 miles e of Schweinfurt.
Konigsbergy a town and caftle of Si-
Icfia, in the principality of Troppau,
15 miles SE of Troppau.
Konigiherg, a town of Brandenburg,
jn the New mark, on the river Rorike,
Sj miles nnw of Cuftrin.
Konigiberg, a fortified city, the ca-
pital of Pruflla, with a univtrllty, a
magnificent palace, and a public li-
brary. It (lands on the Pregel, near in
entrance irio the Frifch Haff, an inlet
of the Baltic. The town-houfc, the
exchange, the royal mint, and the ca-
thedral are fine ftruflures. The tower
of the caftle is very high, whence there
is a beautiful profpe(ft. The city is 10
miles in circumference, and contains
58,000 inhabitants, who are principally
of the Lutheran religion. Alany of the
houfes are large and elegant ; and the
trade is verr confiderable. The ftrong
citadel, called Frederlclbnrg, is a re-
gular fquare, furrounded by broad
ditches and the river ; and within it are
a church and an >trfenal. No ihips
drawing more than feven feet water
can pafs the bar, that large veffcls an-
chor at Pillau, a fmall town on the
Baltic. Konigfberg was taken by the
Ruflians in 1758; and in 1807, after
the battle of Friedland, it was entered
by the French. It is 170 miles n of
Warfaw. Lon. ao 45 E, lat. 54 42 n.
Kottigsegg, an ancient caftle of Su.ibia,
\r\ a county o.' the feme name, eight
milfs NW of Raven ft>urg.
Konigshof, a town and caftle of Bo-
hemia, feated on the Elbe, i a miles ^
of Konigingratz.
Konigsiiofenf a town of Franconia, in
the principality of Wurtzburg, with a
caftle, on the river ^aal, 18 miles nne
Schweinfurt.
Konigshtier, a town of Lower Sax-
ony, in the prindpality of Wolfcn-
buttle, with a celebrated abbey, on tha
rivulet Lutter, to miles b of Bruofwick.'
m
fevp
K
Upp
tiers
ftant
ftam
impi
turei
on
Lon.
N
i 650 miles wsw of
;oE, bt.34j6j,.
See Cogni,
rtifiedtownofBo.
circle of the fame
J's fee. It has a
market-place, and
luildings. In 1764
:roop4 entered the
reat^r part of it in
on the Elbe, 44
Loh. 15 47 E, lat.
'n of Germany, in
lilesNwofGieflen.
wri and caftle of
E of Schweinfurt.
n and caftle of Si-
ality of Troppau,
lau.
n of Brandenburg,
I the river Rorike,
Irin,
Ified city, the ca-
h a univtrfity, i
and a public li.
he Progel, near its
ifch Haff, an inlet
town-houfc, the
mint, and the ca-
tures. The tower
igh, whence there
I. The city is 10
ce, and contains
ho are principally
on. Many of the
elegant ; and the
ible. The ftrong
riclbarg, is a re-
rnded by broad
and within it are
enal. No (hips
'en feet water
large velTels an-
town on the
as taken by the
in 1807, after
, it was entered
170 miles N of
B, lat. 54 4: K.
caftle of Suabia,
:me name, eight
nd caftle of Bo*
Ibci 13 miles ."^
of Franconia, in
irtzburg, with a
J> 18 miles NNE
of Lower Sax-
ty of Wolfcn-
abbey, on tha
of Bruntwick.'
fe*;
, Ii
ill
K 6 R
Keni^^ssee, a town of Vppet Saxotiy,
"m Thuririgia, with a caftle on a hill,
fevcn miles w of Rudelftadt.
Konigstelrit a town and fbrtrefs of
tJpper Saxony, in Mifriia* on the fron-
tiers of Bohemia. A garrifon is con-
ftantly maintained in the tort, which
ftands on a mountain, and is deemed
impregnable. The town has manufac-
tures of woollen and linen, and is feated
on the Elbe, 19 miles se of Drefdcti.
Lon. 14 14 «» lat- 50 54 w-
Konigsteln, a town of Germany, in
the circle of Upper Rhine, with a caftle
on a rock, 1 1 miles nw of Frankfort.
KonitZi a town of W Pruflia, I'o
miles NW of Culm.
Koocht a town of Hindooftan, in the
country of Agra, 60 miles e of Gwalior,
jnd95 ssB or Agra.
KooHJoor, a town of Hindooftan, cft-
toital of a circar, in the province of
Orifla. It is 86 miles nnw of Cattack,
and 163 ^Vsw of Calcutta. Lon. 85 38
tjlat. ai5*^-
Kooshauby a town of Hindooftan, in
Lahore, featcd near the Chelum, 88
miles w of Lahore. Lon. 7 1 20 c, lat.
3055H.
Kopyh a fortified town of Lithuania;
en the Dnieper, 18 miles m of Mohilef.
Korfakatit a town of Arabia, in
Oman, on a bay of the gulf of Ormus,
110 miles N by w of Roftak.
KorgM. See Jorjan.
Koriacst a people of Siberia, dividend
Into two fons. Thofe properly called
Koriacs have a fixed refidcnce; the
others are wanderers, and are known by
the appellation of Raindeer Koriacs.
Their flocks arc numerous, and they
maintain them by condiifting them to
thofe cantons that abound with mofs.
>Vhen thefe paftures are exhaufted,
they fetk foi- others. In this manner
they wander about, encamping under
tents of (kin, and fupporting themfelves
with the produce of their deer, which
are as ferviceable for draught to the
Koriacs, as the do^s are to the Kamt-
fchadales. There js, in many refpefts.
a great refemblance between the fixea
and the wandering Koriacs: yet the
tnifunderftanditig which fubfifts among
them caufes them to be confidertd as
two difftt^t people. Thtir country,
however, is the lame, and takes in a
*aft extent; bounded on the s by
Kluntfchatka and the giilf of Pengioa. k
by (he country of the Oluterians, N \iy
that of the Tchoukchis, and w by tUfc
Totigoufcs, the I^amouts, and the Ya-
kouts. The number of fixed Koriacs
fcarcely exceeds nine hundred; and
ttioUgh it Js not cafy to calculate that
df the wandering Koriacs, it is imagined
that they 'do nbt much furpafs this
amount. The manners of the former
are a mixture of duplicity, milllrult, and
avarice. Robbers by nature, they are
fufpicious, cruel, incapable cither of be-
nevolence or pity. From this perfidious
and favage difpofition, It would not be
eafy for them to live in peace, or form
any durable ties with their neighbours:
hence their continual infurreftioris
againft the Ruffians, and their daily in-
curfions on the people who furround
them ) hence the refpeftivc .mimofities
and revenge that inceflantly fpring up.
This ftate of war foments in every in-
dividual a ferocious fpirit. The prac*
tice of attacking, atid of defending
themfelves, creates ih them an inflexi-
ble courage, which delights in perpe-
tual combats, and glories in a contempt
of life. Superftition lends its aid to
ennoble In their eyes this thirft of blood,
by impofing a law that obliges them to
conquer or to die. Neither the bravery
nOr the number of their adverfaries can
at all intimidate them ; it is then they
fwear to destroy the sun. They dif-
chargc this terrible oath by cutting thft
throats of their wives and dhiidren»
burning all their poflcffions, and rufh-
fng madly into the midft' of their ene-
mies. The combat cannot terminate
but by the total defthiCtion of one of
the parties; fof the vanquiftied nevet-
feek their fafety by flight, and not a
Koriac will furvive the Ilaughter of hit
countrymen. Their regular occupation
is hunting and fifhing; but every leiroti
will not permit them to follow It. Dur-
ing thefe intervals, fliut up in their dee^
habitations, they fleep, fmoke, and get
drunk. Thoughtlefs of the futufd,
without regret for the part, they cottit
not out of their jourts till the moft
urgent neceflity compels them. Ti;efc
jouvts are larger than thofe of tj*ft
Kamtfchadales ; but their filthinefs ii
more difgufting, for there is neither
dt.jr, nor vent-hdTe fot the fmoke.
The^ live upon dried filh, and the flefll
and fat of the whale and leawolf. The
whale is commonly eaten raw, and thft
feawolf dried and cooked in'the fitmd
tnanncr as their flfh, except the flnews.
the marrow, the brain, and now and
then a flice of the flefh, w^hich they de^
\Vour raw with extreme avidity. Rain-
deei- is their faVoUf ite diflfi . Vegetable^
alfo form a part of their food: they
gather in atltnmn vr^rous forts of^h'el'-
nes, of a part ox which th«y make a re-
i,?fhing bcrerage, and the i^ft is hrviXC*
Aa «
KO R
ed to powder, and kneaded with the oil
of the whale or feawolf. Their paflion
for ftrong liquors, iRcreafed by uie dif'
iiculty or procurtn£f branar, has led
them to invent a drink equally potent,
\^hich they extradt from a red muih-
room- The features of the majority of
the Koriacs are not Afiatic ; and they
might be confidered 9s Europeans, but
for their low ffatitrc, their ill ihape, and
the colour of their fkin* The other
Koriacs have th^ fame charadleriftic
outlines as the Kamtfbhada'les. Among
the women, particularly, there ai-e very
few who han^e not funk eyes, flat noies,
and prominent cht^eks. The men are
almoft entirely bcardlefs, and have fhort
hair. The women carry their children
!p a kind of net or balket arched over,
in which the infant is placed in a fitting
poffure, and (heltered from the weather.
A plnraFity of wives is not allowed
among the Koriacs } although there
have been inftances of its being prac-
tif«d without fcrupfe. When a Koriae
dies, his relations and neighbours alFeatr
blc to pay him their kift refpefts. Th^y
ere^ a funeral pile, upon which they
place a portion of the wealth of the
deceafed, and a ftock of proviiions, eon-
fifi'ng of whatever they conceive he
will wan« for his great journey, and to
keep him ftroni ftarving in the other
world. If he be a wandering Koriae,
bis deer condudt him to the pile ; if a
reCdent Koriae, he is drawn < by his
dogs, or carried by his relations. The
body IS exhibited, clothed in bis beft
attire, and lying in a kind of coffin.
There it receives the adieu of the at-
tendants/ who, with tordies in their
hands, coniider it as an honoitr fpeedily
to reduce their relatioiv or frti^nd to
afheit They feel only the regret of a
IhoH ab&nce, and! not of an et(.>m<d (&-
paratioR« They wea^ no moiimiag;
and the funeral pomp terminates in a
fcetle of intemperance. They acknow-
ledge a Supreme l^eing, the creator of
all things. He inhabits the fun, whofe
burning orb they conftder as the throne
or patace of the Lord of Pfaturc. They
nfcither fear nor worfliip him; goodr
iicisr theiir £iy, is bis eiTence ;; and it is
impolli^le he ftould do any injury.
The principle of evil ttiey coniider as a
b^^Tj^nant fpirtt, wW divides with the
go6d being the ettipirsi^. of nature. As
the sne is intent on the^ happinefs of
Mankind, the other enaeavours to ren>
fVrthem unha^py.^ I>li<?aft:s, fempcffs,
fs^toinit calamities of every kind, are hi<»
tvbrlrs^and the inffruments of his ven»
< ! A
K R A
ojfTer to him various animals, the firft
fruits of their hunting and fifliing, and
whatever they pofliefs. that is moft va-
luable.; but there is no temple fet
apart for his votaries, who conceive
that they render him propitious by
pioufly getting drunk in their jourts ;
for drunkenness is becomr with tVre
people a religious pradtke, and the bafis
of all their fofemnities.
Korsor. Sec Certoer.
Kosel, or Kosta^. a fortified town of
Silefia, in the prmcipality of Oppelen,
on the river OUer, vj mius n of Rati-
bor.
Koilof. See Eujfataria,
Kojtromat a government of RuKTia,
formerl]^ included in that of Mofcow.
It is divided into the provinces of Roit
troma and Un^a, the capitals of wl^'ch
are Koftroma and Makarief-
Kottroma, a town olF Ruflia, capits^
of a province of the fame nanie. It ig
furround^etf by a (Ironig wall^and fituate
on a river of the fame name, at its en-
trance into the Volga, 168 miles nb bf
Molcow, and 380 bse of Peterfljurg,
Lon. 41 i4 k, lat. 57 30 n.
iCottotJi town of Hindooft'an, in the
counti^ of Malwa, feated on the J^ful*,
100 mue» SB of Agimere, and 315 s of
Delhi. Lon.. 76' aa e, lat. 15 15 n.
Kott«Jke/fe, a town- of Negruland, car
pital of a country of the &«ie name. It
IS 200 miles n e of Gago. Lon. 5 45 £',
lat. 1145 N. t
KotuK, a city of Ufbec Tartary, in
Calhgur, I lo miles s e of Ireken. Lon.
81 .|6 E, lat, 3^ 50 N.
koue-te, a city ef China, of the firfl!
rank, in the proviiice of Hb>nan.- It is
feated' in a vaft plain, between two large
rivers, 3 vz miles a of Pekmg. Lon,. 1 1^
39 B, lat. 34 30 N.
. Kaus, or Cos J, a town of Egypt, on
the E bank of the Nile, once a place of
great wealth, and trade, being the ftaple
of commerce between the Nile and the
Redfea. I^ is i8milessof£fendera,and.
45 NiHi of Efifie.
Kownof a town of Lithuania, at the
conflux of the Wilna and Nicinen, 40
mUes w of Wllna.
Krainburg^ a town of Bavaria, feated
on the Inn, five miles ne of Hurkhaufen.
Krainburg, » town of Germany, in
Carniola, with a caftle, feated on the
Save, iff mifes n w of Laubach.
Krainoiwitx, a town of Silefij., in the
principality of Troppau, fix miles ssw
of RatiboF.
Kranichftldt a town of .Upper Sax."
onyft in Thuringia. on tlie river lini, v*
Riiks sift of ErCitit*
mnes n of Rati.
;o. Lon. 5 45 e',
of £jgypt> on
once a place of
being the itaple
the Nile and the
of iDendera, and
' Bavaria, feated
loflVurkhaufen.
►f Germany, in
, feated on the
aubtich.
>f Silefif., in Jhe
L fix miles «sw
lof .Upper Sa»-
Tib river IIin» »»
^ U B
K/appit9i a town of Si1e(i|it in the
principality/of Oppelen,vr»th a caftic,
at the conflux of the Prudnitr yfiXh the
Od«r, 14 miles 3 of O ppel w ■
Krasnipolt a town of Pcland( in the
palatinate of Podolia, 3* miles mne of
Kaminic'ck.
Krasnoslaw, a town of Poland, in
the palatinate of Chelm, 26 miles ssw
ofChelm.
Kratifen, a town of Bohemia, in the
citcie of Leitmeritz. It has confider-
able tin mines in its vicinity, and is 17
inilesWNw of Leitmeritz.
KraufheitHt a town and caftic of
Franconia, in "the duchy of Wnrtzbnrg,
m the river Jaxt, 15 miles sw of Mer-
gentheim.
Krekitlh a corporate town of Walesa
in Carnarvonfhire, with a market on
WedncWay, fcated on the Irifh fea,
near Traeth-Amawer bay, where a caf-
tle formerly ftood, now m ruinS; It is
13 nfiks s ^y G of Carnarvo-n, and 334
kw of London.
Kremfie, a town of Lower Satony,
in Holllein, feated in a marfh and on a
river of its name, five miles k of Gliick*
ftadt.
Krems, a town of Auftria, which
has alum-works, and manufa<5lure8 of
velvet, filk ituffs, and excellent thread.
It is fcated at the conflux of the Krems
with the Danube, 36 miles wnw of
Vienna. Lon. 15 36 k, lat. 48 34 n.
Kronbergy a town of Auftria, on the
Danube, oppofite Clofter Neuburg,
tight miles nnw of Vienna.
Kronberg. See Cronenberg-
Krujzwica, a town of Poland, in the
palatinate of Brzefc, with a callle, tiqted
for being the birthplace of Piaft, who,
from the ftation of a private citizen,
was elected king of Poland in the year
84*. It is feated on the lake Goplo,
j8 miles w of Brzefc. ,
Krutzow, a ftrorg town of Lithu-
ania> feated on the Sofz, 30 miles
swof Mos5cifl:iw. Lon. ^z 4 e, lat. ^4
8N.
Krylow, a ftrong town of Poland, in
the palatinate of Kiof, feated on the
Dnieper, 140 miles se of Kiof. Lon.
33 50 E, lat. 4a 50 N.
Kubesha, a llrong town, in the coun-
try of the Lefguis, fituate on a hill, be-
tween high mountains. Its inhabitants
call thcmftflves Franki (Franks, a name
common in the eaft to all Europeans)
and form a republic. 'Ihey are excel-
lent artills, and make very good fire-
arms, fahres, coats of mail, and feveral
articles in gold and filver, for exporta-
^1. They have, likcwifC) for tl^cir
k u ft
own defSn)ce» fmall Copper cannons, of
three pounds calibre, calf by themfe1ve».
They coin Turkiih and Perfian filver
money, and even rubles, which readily
pafs cunent, becaufc they are of the
full weight nnd value. Kubefha is
confid^red as a neutral town, where the
netghfboui^ng princes can depoiit their
treafure wiA fafet-y. In 1725, it ac-
knowledged the fovereignty of Rufiia,
but w^ithout paying any tribute. Lon.
47 59 B, lat. 4230 w.
Kttftte'in, i Arong town of Germany,
in Tyrol, with a caftte on a rock. It
furrendered to the French and Bava-
rians in 1805. It is feated on the Inn,
on the frontiers of Bavaria, 46 miles
SSE of Munich. Lon- 12 i j k, lat- 47
30 N.
Kuhhheimy or Kuttrbeintf a town of
Germany, in the late electorate of
Mentz, .12 miles enb of Heidelberg.
Kundapvra, a to>vn of Hindooftan,
in Canara, and the chief place in the
northern part of that province. It is
feated near the mouth of a river f the
fame name, whteh' here expands into a
lake, and forms a number of iflands.
It is the port for all goods coming
from, or going to Nagara ; but the bar
will not admit veiTels that draw morq
than twelve feet. It is 30 miles wsw
of Nagara, and 54 nnw of Mangalore.
Lon. 74 45 w, lat. 13 34 n-
Kumrsdorf, a village of Brandenburg,
in the Middle mark, three miles ene
of Frankfort on the Oder. Here, in
1759, was fought one of the moft bloody
battles on record between the PruOiaiis
and Ruflians, in which the king of
iPruflia, aftier a great flaughter of the
enemy for jupward of fix hours, was in
the end olyliged to quit the field, with
the lo^ of aU his cannan and 20,000
m£ii.
Kuntl-igt a town of Franconia, in the
principality of Aichftadt, at the conflux
of the Schwarzach with the Altmuhli,
12 miles NE of Aichftadt.
Kuopia, a town of Sweden, in Fin-
land, capital of Savolax, and that part
of Carelia remaining to Sweden. It is
fituate on the w fide of an extenfive
lake, 20O miles SE of'Ulea. Lot). 29 10
E, lat. 63 2(3 N.
Ktipferberg, a mine-town pf Silefia»
in the principality of Jauer, on the
river Pober, iQipiles e of Schweidnitz,
Kupferber^y a towp of Franconia«
xji the princtpality pf Bambergi eight
miles NE pf Cul^^hach.
Kurt a river of Perfia, which rifes in
th; Caucafian moimtains, pafles by
Tcfflis^and flowi si to the Csfpian fc»
At It« mouth are ieverali(let8> liable |o
pe overflow^ in the ipriog.
Eurik$t a chain of finall i(1and«» tXr
tendiog from Cape Lopatlpa, the t prot
inontory of l^amtfcbatka, in a sw dir
|«Aion, to the vx ^nd oiF Jeflb. The
inhabitants of Hie neighbourhood of
Cape Lopatka, who ^^ere called Kurilesi
gave thefe iflaods the fame'namei as
iboa ^8 they became acquainted with
them. They are a i in number* e^-
clufive of the very froall one?. The
northemmoft, called Shoomikai is three
leagues from Qapt Lopatka : the
n^xt» named Paramouficy is confidera-
biy larger than Shoomfca. Thofe two
iflands were firft viftted by the Ruflianp,
in 1713* who have found it conve-
nient to fubftitute numbers fur the an-
cient names of Ihuie iflands, concern-
ing which authors are much at varit
ance. They now call them No. i> No.
s« &c. as high as ai, which laft termin-
ates the pretentions of Ru£Ga. Of
thefe four only are inhabited< No. it a^
13, 14 ; hut on the others, the illanders
land occafionally from their cauocs for
the fake of h%:nting foxes and otters.
The natives are vetty hairy, wear long
beards, and live entirely upon feals,
flfh, and the produce of the chafe.
They are hofpitable and docile i and
have nil embraced theChriftian religion.
Huron, a chain of mountains in
Afiatic Turkey. See T^^'riu.
Kursk, a government of the Rufllan
empire, formerly part of that of Bielgo-
rod. Its capital, of the fame name, is
feated on the Tukor, which runs into
the Sem. Lon. 37 & e, lat. 51 40 n.
Kusistaif, or Oitahtany a province of
Perfia, bounded on the n by Irac-Agemi,
S by FarBiVan, s by the gulf of Perfia,
^nd w by Jrac-Arab). The n part is
mountainous, the s flat and marfliy.
Toftar is the capital.
Kutajah. See C/iiutt^a.
Kutteniergt a town of Bohemia, featcd
near a mountain, in which are filvt/
inines, ^ miles VW of Czaflau.
Kuttore, a country of Alia, betv/ecn
the KE part of Cabul and the nw of
Cathmere. The Mahometans call it
CaferiAan, o^ the Land of Inddcls. It
has a town and fortrefs pf the fame
name, 100 miles ne of Cabul, and aSo
NW of Lahore. Lob. 70 17 E, lat. 35
«7 N.
Kuj/tder, a town and fortrefs of Hoi.
^nd> in Friefland, on the w fide of the
river Kuynder, at its entrance into the
^uider Zee, ;t3 miles s of Lewarden.
Kvzneckt a town of Siberia, capital
fl^ a province of the i^e n<^n^, in th?
t AH
S|Overamcnt of Kolivao. It hu mann,
adures of iron, and ftand* 09 t|>e Tom,
at the influx of the Kondoma, ajo milci
Esk of KoUvan. ton. 85 50 e, lat. £4
H^lhurgt a town of France, in the de<
partment of Sarre, lately of Germany,
in the electorate of Treves- It hai a
collegiate church, ^nd is feated oa the
Kyllf 16 miles N of Treves.
KifHetot^. Sec Kington.
Kyr^gur, a fortrefs of Hindooftan, in
Berar, near the Luchnow hills, 95 miles
sw of Ruttunpour, and 110 e by n o(
Nagpour.
Kyritzt a town of Brandenburg, in
the mark ofJPregnit;^, nine miles ne of
Havelberg.
Laabt a town of Auftria, on the river
Teya and borders of Moravia, 30 miles
N by w of Vienna. Lon. 16' 39 e, Ut.
48 43 N.
Laatt a town of Germany, in Car-
niola, with a trade in fait, leather, and
horfes, is miles s of LaUbach.
Ijabadia^ a town of Italy, in Polefina
di Rovigo, feated on the Adige, so miles
NNw orFerrara.
Labes, a town of Further Poflierania,
with manufadures of cloth, feated 09
the Reca, as miles ne of New Star-
gard.
Labia, a town of Etiropean Turkey,
in Servia, 6a miles sw of Nifla.
Lfibiau, a town of E Pruffia, at yie
mouth of the Deime, near the Ciiri^-h
Haflf, with a ftrong caftle, 30 miles ne
of Konigflierg.
Labourd, a late territory of France,
part of that of Baffj^Ues. It abounds in
truit, and is now mcluded in the de-
partment of Lower Pyrenees.
Labrador, a country of N America,
on the E fide of Hudfon bay. The
climate, in only lat- 57 n, is cxceflively
cold during iviiiter. The ice be.^ins to
difappear in May; and about .'he mid-
dle of June commeuccs hot weather,
which at times is fo violent as to fcorch
tl;ier,faccs of the hunters. Mock funs
and halos are not unfrequent ; and the
night is enlivened by the atu-ora bo-
realis, which fpreads over the whole
fky. The animals are moofedecrs, ftagsi
raindeers, bears, tigers, buifalos, wolves,
foxes, beavers, otters, lynxes, martens,
fquirrels, ermines, wild cats, and hares.
The feathered kinds are gecfe, buftards,
duclts, partridgesi and jill kind? of vil4
fpwU. The fifltei are wUIes, morfM*
Tcalii cod, and a wbite fiOk pieferable to
herrings; and in the rivert and fre(h wa-
ters arc pik(i» perch, carp» and tFO\it.
To (ummcr, there is here, a* in ot)ifr
cold places, a variety in t^ cplour of the
fcvcral animals ; but when that feafon
is ova, which continiies only far three
months, they all aOume the livery o^
wintL-r, and every fort of beafts, and
mod of the fowls, are of the colour of
the fnow* ^e New Britain, EsqtU'
mauXt and Uvdun Bay.
laccadives, a group of Tmall iflanda,
in the Indian fea, lying w of the coaft
ot' Alalabar. They are thiity-two m
number ; and their chief tramc is the
produce of the cocoa palm, fuch as oil,
cables, and cordage ; and in drfed ^ih.
Thefe are font to the continent uf India,
whence they get rice, kc. in return ;
^d alfo to Mafcat, in large boats, which
bring back dates and coffee. Qalpeny,
one of the largeft* lies moft to the s and
K ; and its 8 extremity is 170 mile^ w ot
Cochin. Lon. 73 ^^ e, lat. iq o N.
Lacedogna. See Cedogna.
Lacbsa, a city of Arabia, capital of
the province of Bahrin. It is well built,
and feated on the Aftan, which flows
into a conliderable bay of the gulf of
Per/la, oppofite the ille of Bahrin. (<on.
48 40 E, lat. 2,6 30 N.
Ladeitburg, a town of Germany, in
the Ute palatinate of the Rhine, feated
pp. the Necker, eight miles mw of Hei-
delberg.
Ladoga^ a lake of Rudia, between
the gulf of Finland and the lake Onega.
It is 140 miles long and 80 broad, and
efteemed to be the largcft lake in £u*
ivpe. It has many quickfandi, which,
being moved from place to place by the
frequent dorms, has often proved fatal
to the flat bottomed veflels of the Ruf>
fians. This induced Peter the great to
cut a canal 67 miles in length, from the
sE extremity of this lake to the river
>Jeva, by which it has conununication
with the gulf of Finland.
Ladoga, Newf a town of Ruffia, in
the government of Peteriburg, feated
on the Volkbof, between the lake and
canal of Lagoda. Old Ladoga, an in-
con''.derable place, is higher up the
Vulkhof. New Ladoga is 66 miles £
of Peteriburg. Lon. 31 41 £,Iat. 600 n.
Ladrones, or Marian Islatidi, iflands
of the Pacific ocean. They are eleven
in number, exclufive of the fmal) iflets
and rocks, lying in 14.0 t: lon. an4 be-
tween 11 and as n lat. They were
diicovercd by Magellan, in 1541. He
touche4 $?ft at the iiland of Guam,
whem the iMlives t^lc ibmc of h».
goo^Sf which cauf(p4 himto naqie tbefii)
ulands |he {^adrpnet, or lilandt fit.
Thieves. Befide the otiter ft-ui^s par
tur^l to the foil and clitpalte, here ii
the bread-fruit tree in abundance. Th&
namef of the principal iflands are Say-
pan, 7inian, Guam, and Rora.
L^guascoi a town of Piedmont, 34
milef s of Turin- ',
Lagtti/xjsk town of France, in th(; fi^n
partment of Seine and Mame, with a
late famous Benedidtine abbey ^ reate4
on the Mamo, 15 miles e gf Pans.
Logoff a feaport of Portugal, in Al-
garva, with a caftle. Here the Eni^liih;
fleets bound to the Mediterranean, ulaal-
ly take in frefli water. OfTthe cape ikju^
this town, in 1759, admiral Bou;awet|
defeated a French fleet. It is 1 20 miles
ssE of Liibon. Lop. 9 361 w, lat. 37
14 N.
LagHHo, the capital of Tenentf. ^ce
Christophe 4* Lqguna, St.
Lui^uaes of Feafcf^ the marihes of
lakes m Italy, on which Venice is feat-
ed. They communicate with the fea,
and are tlie fecurity of the city. Ther«
are about 60 iflands in thefe Lagiines,
which together make a bjlhop a fee.
Eurano is the moft confiderable, next
to thofe on which Venice (Winds.
La/ift, a river <^ G<'rmany, which
rifes in Hefle-Caflel, and flows by Mar-
burg, Wetzlar, and N^flau into th^
Rhine, above Coblcntz.
Lahtif a town of Silefla, in the prin-
cipality of Jauer, near which Is the
caftle of Lah^haus. |t is feated 9n thf:
Sober, 10 miles mnw of Hirfchbei:g.
Labolnif a feaport of Sweden, in Haf-
land, with a caftle ; feated on the Lagz,
near its entrance into the Categat, i a
miles 8SB of Halmftadt. Xoa. la 56 i»
lat. 56 31 N.
Lahore* a province of Hindooftan,
bounded on th^ w by Candahar, n by
Caflimcre, e by Sirinagur and Delh|>
and s by Moultan. It is often called
Panjab, or the country of Five Rivers.
It is extenfive and fertile ; aftbrding, iu
addition to all the necc(rari«?« of life,
wine, fugar, and cotton wood. In the
traft between the Indus and the Cheluqi
are fait mines, which afford pi<^es of
r(S:k fait, hard enough to be formed
into veflels, &c. See Panj^ik'
Lahwe, a city of Uindooftaa,, caiMt^l
of a province of the fame name, and
of the country of the Seiks. It was tbf
refidence of the Mahometan conqueror
of I^tndopftan, before they ha4 efta-
bliflied tbemfelves in the central par^
of the country ; apd owes its modci^a
If A M'
ImpfO^ementi to Humaioon, thefcther
di Acbar» who madt it his refidenoe
during a part of his trouUcronie reign.
The city and it« i\iburt« form a cir-
ci^ference of ftiVfii ntiks. It ia fur*
rounded br witUs of brick, and adorned
with beautiful edifices 9nd jiafdens.
Here are nuinufrtdtnrcs of cotton cloths
and ftuffs of a!! kirds, and of very curir
ous carpets. It is ruu.itc on the « bank
of the Kauvee, aio miles s of Caflimcrc,
9nd X90 Nw of Delhi. Lon 72 48 e^
lat. 31 J N. '
JuiAr, a town of Weftphalia, in the
principality of j^unfter^ i» miles Nw of
Munfter.
luihr^A town of Siiabin* in the Brif-
|:au«on thf; river 9chutter» 19 miles n
of Friburg. ^
luiinot a town of >faples, in Calabria
Citeriorc, near a river of the fame name,
19 miles WN w of Caffano.
£«?;■<»«, a town of Perfia, in the pro-
vince of Mczanderan, pear the coaft of
the Cafpian fea, sp miles s of Refht.
Lai'teheouy a city of China, of the
Srft rank, in the province of Chang-
tong, with a convenient harbour on the
Yellow fea. It ftands on a promontory,
S55 miles se of Peking. Lon. 1 1 9 46 12,
lat. 37 9 w.
Lalandi an ifjand of Denmark, in
the Baltic* lying w of Failter, from
which it is feparited by a narrow chan-
nel. It is fertile in corn, with which it
fiipplies CQpei)ha|;er)> Naxkow is the
capital.
Laiangf an ifland, near the nt coaft of
the ifland of Sumatra, in the ftrait of
Malacca. Lon. 99 20 E, ht. i 45 n.
Lamhaeht a towp of Au^ria, 2^ mile^
SSWofLintz.
Lambalht a town of France, in the
department of Ootes du Nord, with a
good trac^e in cattle, linen, and pafch-
ment, II miles Ese of St. Briepx.
j^miayeque, a town on the cuaft of
Peru, wi0i upward of 30,600 inhabit-
ants, the generality of whom' are poor
Spaniard^, Mulattos, and Indians. It
is 1 10 miles no ht of Triij^illo. Lon. 79
35 w, lat. (5 A5 9.
^ l.«mb€SCt a town of France, in the
department of Mo^^ths of the Rhone,
pine mii^s tt of Aix.
Lamiei/iif^ yi\h^ in gnVry, on the
r|ver Thstime;, oppofite Weftminftcr.
Here the arehbifhop of Canterbury has
•n ancieiit palace. By the vaft ino^afi*
of buildings, Lan^b^ii) is npyf jqined to
the mttropblts, in a dire^iqq tp each
of th^ thri'e bridges. Here are a m^^
iiufadture of artificial ftone, ext^nfive
>f or)ci for vinegar aod boi|acnMdt \|rinc>
LAM
a patent fltot manufaAure, «nd nun^en
ous timber yards, fupplied with great
ftores of foreign timber.
LamboxtTHt a town in Berkfliire; with
a miirket on Friday, feated on a river of
the <^me name, 15 miles sw of Abing.
don, and 6s w of London,
Lanugo, a city of Portugal, in Beira.
^nd a biAiop's fee, with a (Irong citadel,
two cathei'ral churches, and four con-
vents. Htre the ftates affembled to con.
firm the eleAion of Alfonao I^entiquez,
the firft king of Fcrtugal, and enaittd
the fundamental laws, now forgotten.
It is feated on the Douero,-5q miles e
of Oporto. I,an. 7 30 w, lat 41 12 n.
luimernfuir, a mountainous ridge in
Scotland, which divides the county of
Ber>vick from that of Haddington for
above 20 miles, and terminates on the
^V at Soutra hill, which is elevated looq
feet above the fea level. Thefe hills
are bleak and barren, alfqrding but
fcanty pafture for ih<»p.
Lamlatht a town of Scotland, on the
SE coaft of the ifle of Arran, on a bay
pf its name, which forrns one of the
fafeft harbours in the univerfe, for vcf,
fcls of any fiiie. It is fheltered f^oiii
the fea by a lofty idet, two miles long,
called Holy Idf.-. Lon. 4 55 w,'lat. 55
Lamo, an idand of Africa, on the
coaft of Zanpuebar, tributary to the
Portu^uefe. Its capital, uf the fame
name, Is well fortified. Lon. 40 24 e,
lat. % OS,
Lampa^ a town of Peru, capital of a
jurifdiilion, in the biihopric of Cufco.
The country is in fome parts very fer.
tile, others urtprodudive ; but filvcr
mines are abundant. Jt is 130 miles s
by w of Cufpo. Lon. 7; o W, lat. 14
56 s.
Lampeiosat an ifland in the Mediter-
ranean, between th coaft of Tunis and
the ifland of Malta, (tie 12 miles in
circumference, plcafant and fertile, but
not inhabited ; and has a good harbour,
\Yhere (hips water. Lon. 12 24 e, lat.
35 40 N-
Lamport, a town of Sumatra, capital
of a diilrid belonging to the king of
Bantam. The Dutch have a refident
here. It is fituate on a bay of the fam^
name, in the ftrait of Sunda, 180 miles
se of Bencoolen. Lon. 104 15 e, lat.
340 V.
Lampsautt a town of A fiatic Turkey,
in ^atolia, celebrated for its wine^
feated on the fea of Marmora, fix miles
from the Dardanelles.
Lamtpringe, a town of Lower Sax-
ony, in thoprincipahty of IiilderiheitR>
LA N
HtUAte id. the fuurce of the rivulet Lamci
If miles H of Hiiderlheim.
Lnncashlret a county of England,
bounded on the N by Cumberland and
Weftmorland, e by Yorkfliire, s by
Cheihire, and w by the Irilh Tea. It is
;4 miles from w to s (including a de-
tached hundred on the n w, called Fur-
neft, which is feparated firom the reft by
a creeki at the head of Morecambe bay)
and its greatest breadth is'^lf "lili^B. It
contains 11155,840 acreaf; is divided
ii'.to fix hundreds, and 63 ^iirifhes ; ha^
17 marktt-towns ; and tends 14 mem-
bers to parliament. The number of
inhabitants in 1801 was 672,731. It is
a county-palatine, under the title of the
Duchy of Lancafter ; the only diichy of
England (that of Cornwall excepted)
which is not merely titular. This coun-
ty comprifes a variety of f()il and face of
country ; but upon the whole, u one of
thofe which are rhe leaft favoured by na-
ture. The hundtci of Fvirncfs is a wild
and rugged region ftored with quanti-
ties of ii'on-orc and flate, and covered
with a growth of uiderwood, which is
cut in fuccelllon, and made into char-
coal. The b part, between the Kibble
and the Merfey, comprifing the ancient
forefts of Wyrcfdale and Bowland, is
mountainous t-^nd generally barren ; but
the s part of the traft betivecn thefc
two rivers is flat, quite from the fea to
the commencement of the ridge called
^lacktton<>dge, which feparates the
county from Yorkfliire. MuQh of this
is a fertile country, though occalionally
deformed by black turf bogs, here called
moffes } fomc oi' which are of large ex-
tent, and impaflable in wet feafons. ' In
the NE part of this diviiion are fome
lofty hillsj the moft noted of wliich is
Pcndle hill.' The remaining part is
varied with hill, dale, and moor. Lan«
cafhire is Ijttic adapted for a corn coun-
try, but IS Angularly fitted for the
growth of pi)tatoes. Among its pro-
du^s U a fpecies of coal, called cannel,
far exceeding all other, i)ot only in
making a clear Kre, but (or being capa-
ble of being manufaiflyred into candle*
(licks, cups, ftaudilhes, fnuff-boxes, Sec,
As a commercial and manufacturing
county, it is iuperior to any other in
the kingdom. Its principal manufac-
tures an; linen, (ilk, and cotton goods;
fuftians and counterpanes, flialoons,
bays, fergesj tapes, hats, caqyas, fack-
ing, pins, iron goods, plate-glals, &c.
Of the commerce of thii county, it may
fuilice to ob/erve, that Liverpool is the
fecond port in the kingdom. The
prii)cipal rivers are the Alerley, Irvyell,
LAN
Ki jUe, toync, Lcvern, VVyre, IIod4nv
Koche> Duddon, Winlt^, and Keai ,
and it has two con6d<.'rjd)]e lakes, Win-
ander-mere and Cooifton-iaere. It bat
alfo numerous canals, and 'the hoaour
of exhibiting th? firft regular one in the
kingdom, which was Ixgun by the duke
of Bridge water in 1758-
Laneatter, a borough and the capital
of Lancafbii'c, governed by a mayor*
with a market on Saturday, ft i s icated
on the Loyne, or Lune, which forro« a.
port for vflfels of moderate burden*
and ' over it are two ftone bridges.
Along the river fide is a tine quay, alio
yards tor ihip-buildingi and a oanal*
from Kendal, winds round the £ part '
of the town, which is conveyed over
the river by an aquedudl of five arches,
each of fcyeiity feet fpan. In iSot the
Qumber of itih.ibitants wag 903a. The
church is a fine ftrafture, on the fide of
a bill, on the fitmmit of which is a
noble caftle, ferving both as the (hire-
houfe and the county-gaol. Here are
alfo. a neat chapel, feveral meeting-
houfei, and an exchange. On the top
of the caftle is a fquare tower, called
John of Oaunt's Chair, whence there
is an extenfive proipedt. Five miles
from this place is Dunaldimill-hole, a
cave at the foot of a mountain, into
which a large brook runs and paflea
two miles under ground before it ap-
pears again : Ibme of its vaults are fo hig^,
that they refemble theroof of a church,-
and in other parts lb low, that they can
be pa fled only by creeping on the bands
and feet. Lancafter carries on a confi-
derable trade, efpecially to the W In-
dies { is noted for the making of maho-
gany cabinet ware ; and has manufac-
tures of canvas and coarfe linens. It
is 66 miles s of Carlifle, and 240 nnw
of London. Lon. s j6 w, Ut. 54 4 k.
Lancaster, a borough of Pennfyl-
vani'\, capital of a county of the fame
name- Befide fix churches, and other
public buildings, it contains a college
founded in 1787, called Franklin Col-
lege. Here are manufaftures of guns
and other hardware. It is featcd near
Coneftogu creek, which runs into the
i^iufquehanna, 58 miles w by k of Phila-
delphia. Loh. 76 32 w. lat. 40 i m.
Lancaster, a town of the ftate of
Ohio, capital of Fairfield county, feated
on the Hockhocking, 50 miles w of
Marietta.
Lancaster, a town of MafTachufets,
ifj Worcefter county. In its vicinity it
a quarry of excellent ftones for tombs,
and the' belt Hates for hoitfes. It is
fituate on a branch of the Nalhua, which
!
i
LAN
n*ni into th« Mfirriinau, 14 miles m bf
^ of Worcrfer, and ,^5 wwn of Botton.
Jnuittratat one or the C»narv iOts^
3« milea long and 10 broad. It is vrry
higi^ and has a good harbour at the mf.
mkI^ I«on> 13 t6 w, lat. 19 14 n.
Xtf «««!«•» a town of Naples, in
Abru'/zo Citeriore> and an archbiiTiop's
fect It is famous for two grt-ai annual
fairst and feated on the Fettrinot 106
milw M by B of Naples. Lon. 14 jo b,
lat. 4S >8 M.
Ltmdau, a ftrong town of France, in
the department of Lower Khiiic. It
was formerly imperial, hut cedt>d to
t|>e French in i6lle; after which it was
fortified by Louis xiv. In 1702 it was
taken by the Auftrians, and the next
year was retaken b^ the Fi-cnch. It
furrendercd to the allies in 1 704, and be*
lon|(ed to the empire till i7i.^, when it
agam It'll into the hands of the French,
to wham it was ceded, with its diftriA,
in 1714, by the trenty of Baden. In
1^9.3 it was attacked by the Auftrians
and Pruflians, wJthcut Aiccefs. It is
feated on the Queich, so miles wsw of
Spirci and 4.) nnk of Stralburg. Lon,
8 7 E, lat. 49 I a K. *
LanJaut a town of Germany, in the
cUtrls of Ui)per Rhine, and county of
Waldeck, nine milcfr mi of Corbach.
LandoKt a town of Lower S.ixuny, in
the duohy of Brunfwick. featwl on the
Jluhme, 13 miles ene of Outtingcn.
Lamiau, a town of Bavaria, tituate on
an eminence, on the Ifer^ 15 miles use
ofStraubingen.
Landtnt a town of the Netherlands,
in Brabant, famous for a bloody battle
|ained by the French over the allieM.
in 1693; ^<) for •*> battle in 1793, in
which the Auftrians defeated the French.
It i» feated on the Becke, 18 miles ksf.
of Louvain.
Landerngu, a town of France, in the
department of Finifterre, feated on the
lilhom, :o miles ne of Brcft.
LauJerou, a town of Swilforland, in
the principality of NeuchateK fituatv at
the 8'* extremity of the lake of Biemie,
ieven miles ve of Ni^uchatel.
Landes, a department of France, in-
f:lnding the late territory of Marfan. It
fakes its name from a diltri<5l, heretofore
called Landes, extending along thu coaft
of the bay of Bifcay. It is a barren
fandy country, covered with fern, pine.s,
and the holm-tree, of the bark of which
corks are made. Mont de Marfan is
the capital.
Loadrety^ a ftrong town of France,
in the depai-tment of Nord. It was be-
flegcd ia vain by prince Eugene in 1713.
LAN
It was taken bv the allies in 1794, after
a ft'vcru bonibardmvnt i but (hortiy
after U>e uarrilon furrendervd to the
French. It is feated on the Sambta,
18 miles I by s of Cambray, and 19 s
by E of V,'tlenciennes.
handrianot a town of Italy, in the
Milancfe, 11 miles SSB of Milan.
Landiierg, a town of Brandenburg,
in the New mark, with a confiderable
trade in clot^^t anil wool. In i7i;tt it
was takt'n by the KuftianH. It it feated
on the Warta, 33 miles ne of Cuftriti.
Landibergt a town of Bavaria, with a
caftle. on thu frontiers of Suabia, near
the river Lech, so milcg * of Augfburg.
Landscroa, a fortified leapoit of Swe-
den, in Suhonan, feated un an idand,
near the Sound, with a good harbour
between the continent and a fmall if.,
land. It is so miles nw of Lund, and
:^i KNB of Copenhagen. Lon. is 51 e,
lat«55 j3 N.
Landstrotit a town and fort of Poland,
in th<.> palatinate of Cracow, 24 milei s
of (-'racow.
LandttroHt a fort of France, in the
department of Upper Rhine, feated on
an eminence, on the borders of Swiffer*
land, five miles sw of Bafcl.
Landj-fttdf a promontory in Corn-
wall, and the mod wefterfy point of
Great Britain- It is a vaft aggregate of
moorftune, and on the outcrmoft rockg
at low water are to be feen veins of lead
and copper. Lon. 5 4% w, lat. 50 4 n.
Lundibut, a town of Bavaria, with a
palace, a collegiate church, and a beau*
tiful convent. Upon an adjacent moun«
tain is the ancient caltle of Traufnitz.
It is feated on an ifland in the river Ifer,
3^ miles NE of Munich. Lon. is 11 e,
lat. 48 30 N.
luindilinU a town of Silcda, in the
principality of Schweidnitz. It has a
flouriihing linen trade, and is feated on
the Ooher, as miles sw of Schweidnitz.
LandshtiU a town of Moravia, feated
on tht: Murau, on the confines of Hun-
gary and Auilria, 36 miles se of Brunn,
f,aiidstra<j% or Lmtdtrottj a tfwn of
Germany, inCarniola, witnacaRleand
a Ciflercian convent, fituate on an if-
laud in the river Gurk, 30 milea s by of
Cillcy.
Lanerkt a borough of Scotland, and
the county-town of Lancrkfhire. Since
the introdudlion of the cotton manufac-
ture, many new hf^ufes have been built.
It is feated on nn eminence, near the
river Clyde, a a miles se of Glafgow,
and 30 sw of Ediuburg. Lon. 3 43 ^'1
lat. 55 4» N.. .
LongrkiMre, a county of 5setl#nd|
LAN
4ltnne8 long and 30 brond} bounded
4)0 tbe M by Uurabartoniliire. E by the
couotiet ot Stirling, Linlithgow, £din-
burg, and P«t:blc», • by Dumfrieilhire,
4iul w by the fliires of Ayr and Ren-
frew. It iidividc*d into 41 ^arilhcn, and
the number of inhabitantii in liioi ivaa
146,699' It A.'nd« onv member to par*
liament. The river Clyde run» through
the whole extent of the county, divid-
ing it into two nearly equal parts | the
Southern part a mountainouH diAridt,
generally called Clydefdale. It abounds
in lead, iron, and coal.
Laneiboreugh, a borough of Irc)and»
in the county of I.ongfurd, fttuate on
the Shannon, feven milcii !>w of Long*
furd, and 15 N of Athlonc.
Langanico, the ancient Olympia, a
town of Kuropean Turkt-y, in the Mo-
res, fituatc on thv fmall river Carbon,
the ancient Alphcun. It was once a
city of great note, near which the fa-
mous Olympian games were celehraU
cd ; and here was a fine temple of Jupi-
ter Olympus, with a celebrated image
of that god, 50 cubits high, which was
ri-ckoned one of the feven wonders of
the world< It iS' now an inconfiderable
plnce, 3a miles sse of Chiarenza, and
^oiiw of Corinth.
Langeacf a town of France, in the
department of Upper Loire, fcatcd near
theAllicr, among mountains, i a miles
:j by E of Brioude.
Langedisy a town of France, in the
department of Indre and Loire, fcated
on the Loirci i» miles w of Tours.
hangehndi an iflund of Denmark, in
the s part of the Great Belt. It is 33
miles long, but fcarcely five broad, and
produces plenty of corn. The princi-
pal town IS Kudkioping.
Langenbergt a town of Franconia, in
theVprincipality of Hohenlohc, with a
caille; feated on the Jaxt, 13 miles s of
Mergentheim.
iMngensalza, a town of Upper Sax-
pny, capital of Thuringia, with a cillle,
a college, and two church«s. The en-
virons arc pleafant, and it has noted
inanufadlures of ftuffs. It Hands on the
Salza, near its conflux with the Unflrut,
17 miles w by N of Erfurt, Lon. jo
4aE,lat. 51 5 N-
Langtntbal, a town of SwiflTerland,
in the canton of Bern. Here are three
annual fairs, at which great quantities
of linen, as alfo cattle, cheefe, and
grain, are fold. Near the town are
fom« medicinal fprings. It is 10 miles
K of Soleure, and 18 ne of Bern.
Langenzenn, a town of Franconia, in
the principality of AnipacJi, on the ri-
ver Zenn, and near tbe Rcdnkz, m
nilea nk of AnAjMch.
Latij^holmt a town of Spotland* in
Dunifriesihire, with an e^t;eoiivc cot-
ton manufaAure; feated en tbo Kft*
on the borders of England, 98 mikai »
by w ofCailifle.
LanrioMe, a city, deemed by Tome the
capital, of the* kingdom of Laos. It
has a magnificent royal palace, and
flanda 00 a fmall river, 290 miles utrw
ofLanja.1. Lon. foi 15 b, lat. aaaav,
Langogutt a town of France, in the
department of Lozere, st miled Ks oC
Mcnde, and 33 w of Frivas.
Langon, a town of France, in the
department of Gironde, feated on tbe
Onronne. 15 miles n of Bazas.
Lt/Hg/>ort, a town in Somcrfctfliir
with a market on Saturday, feated on
a hill, by the river Panet, which is na-
vigable for barges, 10 miles sk of
Bridgewater, and u8 w by s of Lon-
don.
Langres, a town of France, in the
department of Upper Marne, and late-
ly a biihop's fee. Its cutlery wares
arc in high efteem. It is feated on a
mountain, near the fource of the Marne,
35 miles KE of DiJon. Lon. 5 19 e,
lat. 47 52 N.
Languard Fortt a ftrong fort of
England, fituate on a fandy point of
land on the Sufibik fide of the hartiour
of Harwich, but within the limits of
Eflex. At high-water it is furrounded
by the fea, and becomes an ifland near-
ly a mile from the (hore. It was ereAed
for the defence of the port of Harwich*
and has a garrifon, under tbe command
of a governor.
Lan^uedac, a late province of France*
225 miles long, and 100 virhere broad-
en ; bounded on the e by Daupbiny
and Provence, sk by the Mediterranean*
s by RoufiUon, w by Gafcsny, and s
by Querci, Rouergue, Auvergne, and
Lyonois- It now forms the depai^..^
ments of Upper Garonne, Aude, He-
rault, Gard, Lozere, and Ardeche.
Lanjan, or luinchang, a city, and
the capital of the kingdom of Laos, at
leaft of the fouthern part, to which it
gives name. It is the ufual refidence
of the king, whofe palace is of vaft ex-
tent. Tbe houfes of the grandees and
pcifons of condition are lofty and ele-
gant ; but thofe of the inferior people
^re no better than huts. The priett*
alone have the privilege of building their
houfes and convents with brick and
ftonc. Lanjan is lituate on tlie w fide
of the river Afecon, 400 miles nnw dl
Cambodia. Lon. lot 39 B, lat. 28 30 if*
t A P
Itanmewi a town of Franeff {n the
department of Finiftcnrei eight milet ni
•f MurUix.
LaitnioH, a town at Prancct in the
flppartm^nt of Cote* du Nord, with a
trade in wine and hemp* 15 mile* w of
Treguicr-
Lannoy, a town of Frane9» in the
ilepaitmcnt of Nord, iivc mHea as of
Lifle.
Lantinburgf a tmvn of New York,
capital of Reiifi'laci countyr Here is a
library company, incorporat«"d in 1775 5
and a^ academy, incorporated in 1796. It
ftands on the « Tk^c of the Hudlbn, op-
fwlitt! th<* s branch ctf jLbe Mohawk,
nine miles nne of Albany. Lou. 74 8
%v, lat. 4: 4; N.
J-ariKo, a town of Pi«;dmont, on the
Hvep Stura, la miles nw of Turin.
Laony a town of France, capital of
the department of Aifite, with a caftle,
and lately a biihop's <ei% "tht- principal
trade confids in corn and winK. It is
featcd on a mountain, 77 miles ne of
Paris. Lon, .3 43 k, lat. 49 34 n.
Lafs, a kingdom of Alia, bounded
on the N by China, e b;' Tonqnin and
Cochinchina, s by Cathbudia, and w by
Birmah. It is lurroundcd by moun-
tains, covered with forcUs; but the
country is in general flat, and the foil
fertile, being watered by numerous
rivulets from the ..ionntains, and a
number of canals from the Mecon,
which flovvs from n to s, througii the
whole region. It abounds in rice,
fruit, honey, w.ix, and cotton; and the
principal drugs are benjamin and lac.
Gold and filver are found in certain
places of the river ; and it has mines of
iron, lead, and tin. The inhabitants
are well made, robuft, of an olive com*
plncion, and mild difpofltion ; but very
luperftitiouii, and much addided to
women. Their principal occupation is
tilling the ground and fiihing; for
they pay no attention to arts and
fciences. The king is abfolute, and
ihows himfelf but twice a year : he ha«
a large revenue from -elephants teeth
found in his dominions. The religion,
language, and manners are r.uch the
fame as in Siam. Lanjan is the capital^
or, according to fomc. Langionc.
Lapiiu., a town of Portugal, in Entre
Douero e Minhu, feated on the Minho,
jj miles K by N of Valenza.
Lapland, a country of Europe.bound-
ed on the n by the North fca, e by
the< White fea, » by Sweden and the
{rulf of Bothnia, and w by Norway. It
ies between 69 and 75 N lat. com-
prebci}di)!g, on the molt northern lidie
LAP
of It. the frozen Alps, or AlpsofSnowi
Thefe Alps compofe the fummit of
that chain of mountain! called Severnoi,
whofe declivity toward the E and s
confifts of lower mountaiuH, deferts,
forefts, fens, and lakes. Swedifli Lap-
kind occupies the s divifton of this
country, and is the largeft ; it is divided
into five lapmarks, yr provinces, Uma,
Pitha,I.ula» rornea,anaKimi, fo named
from rivers, which all flow into the
Bulf of Bothnia. Ru/Uan Lapland
hN-ms the k part, and is included in
the government of Archangel. Daniflr
I^apland, which is the 'mallelt, extends
the whole length of the Sevcrnoi, on
their northern lidc, forming the go-
vi-rnment of Wardhuys, in Norway.
The Laplanders are of a middling
ftatnre: ftout, Araight, and of a yeU
lowidi complexion, occafioncd by the
weather, the (moke of their habitations,
and their habitual filthinefs. They
have generally a flattifli face, falicfj
cheeks, dark gray eyes, thin beard,
an-1 brown hair. Their manner of
life renders them hardy, agile, and
fupple, but at the fame time much in-
clined to lazinefs. They are peaceable,
obedient to their fuperiors, cheerful in
company, but miftniflifijl, cheats in
commerce, and fo proud of their coun-
try and coiiftitr<lion, that when re-
moved from the place of their nativity,
they ufinlly die of the noftalgia, or
lonj;ing to return. Their women arc
fiiort, often well made, complaifant,'
cha(\e, and of weak nerves ; which is alfo
obtervable fometinies among the men.
Tlie laiignage of the Laplanders cum-
prebends fo many dialedts, that it is
with difficulty they, uudcrftand each
other. The men are divided into
Fiihers and Mountaineers. The former
m.ike their habitations in the ne^h-<
bourhood of fome lake, whence they
draw their fubliftence. The others
fcek their fupport upon the mountains,
polleiring herds of raindeer, which they
ule according to the feafon ; but they
go generally on foot. They are very
induttrious herdfmen, and arc rich in
comparifon of the Fifliers. Some of
them poUuTs Iik hundred or a thou-
fand raindeer ; and they caflrate the
fuperfluous males by cruihing the tef-
ttcles with their teeth. The Lapland
fiihers, who are alfo called Laplanders
of the woods Cbecaufe in fummer they
dwell upon th»! borders of the lakes,
and in winter in the forefts) live by
tilhin^ and huntings and choofe their
fituation from its convenience for ci-
ther. Ikiidt: looking after their nw
in the nc%h'<
p, whence they
L A f
ieett the filhery, and the chiioe, the
ihcn employ themfclvcs in the CQn«
fttuAionof their canot^s, which are light
and compaA ( they alfo make fledges,
to which thev give the form of a canoe»
and hamefs ror the rainderr : it is the
man's buiinefs* likewife, to look after
the kitchen. The employment of the
woinen confilln in making nets for the
iilheryi drying fifh and meat, milking the
raindeer, making cheefe, and tanning
hides. The articles of drefs are the
ibie labour of the women ; and thev
alio make feveral utenfils in wood, fuch
as cups, bowls, &c. which are ibnrie-
times prettily cai^red, fometimes oriia*
munted with bones, brafs, or horn.
ITiey prepare the nerves of the rain-
deer in fuch a manner a» to make them
ferve for thread ; and draw brafs wire
by the iiebi of the horns of the rahidcer
pierced, tnftead of a drawing iron.
They embroider their clothes with
brafs wire, (ilver, Iham gold, or wool,
which they have the art of dymgin all
forts of colours. Thefe people live in
huts in the for« of tents, covered with
briars, bark^ linen, torf, coarfe cloth,
felt, or raiiideer-ikins ; <ttk1 the d(x>r is
of felt, made Kke two curtains which
open afuDder< They are not able to
ftaml upright in thefe hnts, but con-
Aantly ut upon their heels round the
fire. At night they lie down quite
naked; and, to feparate the apart-
ments, place upright fticks at fmall
diftances. They cover themfeUes whh
their clothes, and hi winter put their
feet into a fur bag. Their houfchold
furniture confifts of iron or copper
kettles, wooden cnps, bowls, fpirans,
and fometimes, tin or even filrer ba-
fins: to thefe may be added their im-
plements of fiihing and hunting:. That
they may not be obliged to carry fuch a
number of things with them in their ex-
curfions, they boild, at certain diftances.
in the forcfls, little huts made like pigeon-
houfes, and placed upon the trunk of ii
tree cut off at about the height of Hx
feetfrom theroot. In thefe elevated huts
they keep their goods and provirions ;
and though they are never fhiit, yet
arc they never pluYidered. In their
drefs they ulc no linen. The men wear
cloth pantaloons, reaching down to
their fhues, which arc madeof untanned
fkin, pointed, and turned up before.
Thtir doublet, or clofe garment, is made
of fhecp-fkin, with the wool on, the
woolly fide being inward : it has a high
collar, made fliff with doth neatly
worked wjth different coloured threads,
and extending a Httle Way down the
LAP
breaft. Over this they wear a loofe
coat of coarfe cloth, or of the (kin of
the raindeer, th« fkirts of which n-acTl
down to the knees, and it is fallcncd
round them by a leathern girdle, orna-
mented with plates of tin or brafs. To
this girdle they tie their knives, their
inftruments for getting fire, and their
fmoking apparatus. Their clothes are
always bordereil with fur, or cloth of 4
difTerent colour. Their caps are of »
conical form, generally made of four
pieces of red kerfey cloth, and the four
learns .idomed with lifts of a yellowr
colour : on the top of the cap is fixed s
tafn^l of ihreds of different coloured
cToth } and the lower part has a border
of fur. The Ruffian Laplanders gene*
r;dly border their caps with ermine.
The women wear pantaloons, (hoes,
doublets, and clofe coats, like the
men ; but tb<'ir girdle is commonly
embroidered with brafs wire. Befide
thefe, they wear kerchiefs, and littler
aprons, made of Ruffian painted cloth,
rini^s on their fingers, and earrings, to
which they fometimes hang chams of
lilver, which pafs two or three times
round the neck. Th«-y fometimes
wear caps folded after the manner of
turbans; and fometiines caps to the
fhape of the head ; but all are orna-
mented with the embrofdery of brafii
wire, or with lift of different colours.
Sterility is a reproach among the wo-
men. They are generally delivered
without difficulty ; the hufband aflifl't
at the labour, and atfi)rds hrs wife the
ncccffary help. TTicir cradle is finaU,
light, and made in the fhape of a canoe ;
and, in their journeys, the womeo
carry it at their backs. Their wed-
dings arc kept at the bride's houfe,
who appears with her head quite un-
covered, which, at other times, is never
the cuflam with either . women or
maidena : the feaft is a kind of clabf-
mefs, to which each of the puefts
brings meat .ind drink. Their diver-
fions at w«Ulings and other merry-
makings, is tlie game of fox and geele :
they wreftle and jump over a flick ;
and are fond of giving grotcfque ac-
counts of different advtntnres. They
likewife dance and fing, or rather howl
in difagreeabic mt'aftrres. The raindeer
fiipply the Laplanders with the greatefl
part of their provifrons; the chace and
the fifhery furnifh the reft : but the
Qefh of the bear is their mofl delicate
ifneat. Their common drink is water,
fometimes mixt>d with milk ; and they
arc fond of brandy, but it is fcarce
with them Their mo.'l ci«ilHkTBb!e
T. A It
tMlffe is with tlic NorU'cgUtiti and t!ie
balMice it alwAvt in fatdiit af <he ImIP-
kinden ) bec4Uit: they citfi rurnifh more
fltins aad fur*, thnn they buy flour,
ctoth, And hardware goodi. All (h^
i^ncy» Which tlicy have not (mmcdiate
octrarion fur, they bury in the earth, a*
veil as tbvir plat<!, and whatever they
think of value. Nur evrn at the point
4f death tlotbey dectaie thefpot whertt
it is hidden; imagining thnt they {halt
want it in the other world. All the
Swediih and Norwegian, aa well a» the
greateft number of the Kufliari Laplan-
ders, bear the nannc of Chrllfians ; but
their religion in a compound of Chrif-
tian and pagan ceremonies.
Xar, a town of Perlia, capital ofLa-
riftan, with a caftle on a rock, and a
falace. The Jews refide in a quarter
y themfelves, and carry on a great
trade in (ilk. It is (Ituate between
mountains, in afandy foil, t6o miles w
of Oombron. Lon. 53 40 c, lat. a;
ao N.
Laracha, or Lcraisb, a ftrong town
in the kingdom of Fez, with a caftle
and a good harbouri Here arc maga-
Kines for the refitting of vefleiR, but
no docks for building. It is feated
near the mouth of the Lucos, 46
miles s by w of Tangier. Lon. 6 6 w,
lat. Si 8 N.
Laredo, a town of Spain, in Bifcay,
with a good harbour, on the bay of
fitfcay, 30 miles www of Bilboa.
Largenticret a town of France, in the
tkpartmcnt of Ardecbc, 18 miles sw of
Pnvas.
Largot a town of Scotland, in Fife-
fliii-e, on a bay of it$ name, at the open-
ine of the frith of Forth, which is a
iafe roadftead for fhips of all defcrip-
tions* The town has a manufa<Sure of
linen and cliecks. It is nine miles ss w
of St. Andrew.
iMrjfs, a town of Scotland, in Ayr-
fliire, with a fmail harbour on the frith
of Clyde. It is memorable for the de-
feat of the Norwegians, in their laft
invaiion of tliis country, in 1263. It is
15 miles NW of Irvine.
Larinoy a town of Naples, in the
Molife, as miles ene of Molife.
Larissa, a town of European Tur-
key, capital of Janna, and aOreekarch-
bifliop'fi fee, with a palace, and fome
I^ndibme mofques. It was famous as
the refidence of Achilles, and retains its
ancient name. The inhabitants, ef-
timated .it 25,000. carry on a large
trade. It is fcatc-d on the Peneue, -^s
oiiles s by w of Salonica. Lon. a, 47
C, lat. 39 48 N.
larhian, t PJ'ovjnce of P*rfi«, wljjch
lies N of the gulf of Pcrfta. It abounds
in oranges,. lemons, and very large ta-
iharinds. Lar is the capital.
Larnet a town of Ir<t.tnd, in the
county of Antrim, at the mouth of a
ri»er of the fame name, eight miles n
of Carrickfergus. and 16 Mt of An-
trim.
Larry Uunffar, a town of Hindoo,
ftan, on the M branch of the Indus,
called the Pitty, which is captble of
receiving (hips of joo tons burden. It
is 56 miles w by s of Tatta. Lon. 66
4} R, lat. 34 43 K.
Larta- See Aria.
Larvigen, or Launvigen, a feaport
of Norway, capital of a county of the
fame name. It is a place of confider-
able trade, and its iron works are ef-
teemed among the moft valuable m
Norway. It ftands at the conflux of
two rivcri», near the fea, 55 miles ssw
of Chrifliania. Lon. la 15 E, lat. <a
3 N.
Lnsnehourgt a town of 9avoy, on the
river Arc, at the foot of Mount Cenis,
the paffagc of which is the principal
fupport of the inhabitants. The fun is
hidden from the inhabitants of this
town, by the mountains, during two
months in the year. It is ao niiles nnW"
ofSufa.
Lasiat or La/iassa, <1 city and the
capital of Tibet. It is not large, but
the houfca are of ftone, fpacious and
lofty. Seven milet on the f. fide of the
city is the mountair of Putala, on the
fummit of which i» ... pabce of the
grand lama, the h'gh prieft and fove-
rcign of Tibet. Lafla is feated on a
fpacious plain, on a river that flows $
into the Sanpoo, 680 miles nne of
Calcutt.i. Lon. 91 ^o e, lat. 30 34 k.
Lasjan, a town o^ Hither Pomcrania,
on a lake of the fame name, formed by
the river Peene, fix miles sse of Wol-
gaft.
Lassayy a town of France, in the dc
p<artment of Mayenne, j 2 miles ene of
Mayenne.
Lastres, a town of Spain, in A/tunas,
near a cape of the fame name,' on the
bay of Bifcay, 35 miles ene of Oviedo-
Latacungitt a town of Peru, capital
of a jurifdidtion of the fame name, in
the audience of Quito. It was nearly
dedroyed by an earthquake in 1698,
and moft of the inhabitants buried in
the ruins. The ftreets arc broad and
ftraight; the houfes only one ftory
high, and arched, built with a kind of
pumice, which abonnds in the neigh-
bourhuud. Creat quantities Of poric
St ^rdi, <»t>lrt
a- It abounds
id very large ta-
fitat.
reliitd, in the
the mouth of a
et eight milea a
i6 tit of An-
own of Hindoo*
h of the Indus^
:h is capable of
tons burden, tt
Tatta. Lon. 66
w!ge»t a feaport
F a county or the
)lacc of conftder-
ixi works are ef*
moft valuable in
,t the conflux of
-'"»» 5i miles ssw
la 15 E, lat. 39
I of ^Avoy, on the
uf Mount Cenis,
1 is tke principal
tants. The fun is
labitanti of this
tains, daring two
t is zo niilcs nnW
1, .1 city and the
is not large, but
)ne, fpacious and
n the E fide of the
ofPutala, on the
..J palace of the
pricft and fove-
la is feated on a
[river that flows i
miles nne of
E, lat. 30 34 N.
.ither Pomeiania,
name, formed by
,it«s ssK of Wol-
*rance, in the de*
11 miles ENEot
Bpain, in Afturias,
Imc name, on the
Is ENE of OvieJc
1 of Peru, capital
\ie fame name, in
It v?M nearly
jliquake in ti^ii
Ibitants buried in
Its are broad and
I only one ftorr
lilt vtritb a kind of
lids in the neigh-
liantities of porii
LAV '
tre lalted here ; and its vicinity It noted
for nuking fine red ^.irthen ware- U
ii 50 miles > of Quito. Lon. 78 so w,
Ut. I >o n.
Latakia, the ancient Lapdicea, a
feaport of Syria, and a bifhop^s fee. It
has beautiful remaiiw of antiduity, and
I confiderabic trade, vfpfcially in to-
bacco, thuuzh the harbour is become
too fliallQW for Urge vcfTcls- It ftands
on the s fide of a fmnll peninfula, 7 j
miles sw of Aleppo. Lon. 34 jo e,
lat. ^^ 40 N.
iavaU a city of France, capital of
th^ department of Mayenne, with tftru
caitles, and 1<)tcly the fee of a bifliop.
Linen of all kinds and qualities ia ma«
BuFa^ured here; and the neighbouring
quarries produce green marble, or black
veined with white. It is feat(?tl on the
Mayenne, 45 miles w of Mans, Lon.
04c w, lat. 48 SI*. ,^
LttvamunH, a town of Germany, in
Cariiithia, feated on the Drave, aj
miles E of Clagenfurt.
Lavaurt a town of France, in the
department of Tarn, and lately a bi-
(hop's fi-e ; feated on the Agout, oo
miles ENE of Touloufe-
Lauhacht a town of Germany, in
Wetteravia, with a caftle, 10 miles £. by
s of Giefen.
Laubachi or I^yhathi a firong town
of Germany, capital of Carniula, and
lately an ardhbifiiop's fee. 'Phe callle,
called the Old Fort, ttauds on a moun*
tain, and is now ufed only for a prifou.
It has manufaAures of filk, leathe*-, and
excellent clotb; and is feated on a
river of the Cime name, 38 miles se
of Clagenfurt. Lon. 14 35 e, lat. 46
II K.
Lauian, a walled town of Lufatia,
on the frontiers of Silefia. It has a
good trade in cloth, yarn, and linen,
and is feated on the Qu'*^^^* ^4 miles
t.iK of Gorlitz.
Lauchstadt, a town of Upper Saxony,
in Mifnia, with a celebrated bath, fix
miles WNW of Merfebufg.
Laudat a town and caftle of Fran-
conia, in the principality of Wurtz-
bur^.on the river Tauber, ax miles sw
of Wurtzburg.
LauJer, a borough of Scotland, in
Berwickfhire. The caftle, originally
built by Edward 1 as a fortrcfs, is now
the feat of the earl of Lauderdale. It is
feated on the river Lauder, ai miles
sEof Edinburg.
Laveld, or LafeU, a village of the
Netherlands, in the territory of Liege,
four miles w of Maeftrlcht. A battle
»is gained h«re by theFr«n«U, in 11-47,
L A U
bt«r the allies commanded \>i the di^
of Cumberland.
Lavtilo, a town of Napfct, in Ba*
fllicata, fix tnUes w of Ventflk.
Lautniurg, a town of Lower Sxxonff
capital of a duchy of the fame nam«.
There is only one wing Isft of the an-
cient Caftle whore the- daket veMcd.
Great quantities of mcrchandlfe arc
fefit hence to Lubcc, bf means <k the
Ste..keuitz. It ftaiuls on the Elbe «ttd
^tickenitz, 35 miles ese of Hamburg.
Lon. lo 50 E, lat. j^ aa'E.
I^uenburjf, a t(>wn of Further Po-
mcrania, capital of a territory of the
fame name. It ftands on the Leba.
near the Baltic, 37 miles w by n of
Dantzic. Lon. 17 48 e, lat. 54 37 k.
Lavetiham, a town In Suffolk, witfc
a market on Tuefday, and manufa^Urei
of hcmpe'n cloth, and woollen yam.
It is feated on a branch of the Bret, la
miles s by E of Uury St. Edmund, and
61 NE of London.
Lauenjtcin, a town of Upper Sax-
ony, in Mifnia. It has mines of tin
and iron, and ftands on the MoglltZy
17 miles i of Orefden.
La-veH'a, a town of Italy, in thd
{>rincipality of MalHi, with a citadel;
eated at the mouth of the Lavend'.a, on
the gulf uf Genoa, fix miles WNwof
Maflk.
Lau/, a town of Franconia, in tlw
territory of Nurenberer, feated on the
Pegnitz, nine miles e ot' Nurenberg.
Laujjfeny a town of Bavaria, in the
duchy of Salzburg, with a fine caftle,
feated on the Salza, 10 miles knw of
Salzburg.
Lauffitt-, a town of Suabia, in the
duchy of VVirtemberg, feated on the
Neckar, i j miles N of Stutprd.
Lauffen, a town of Swiflerland, in
the canton of B.ifel, near the river Birs,
la miles ssw of Bafel-
Laitffen, a town of Swiflerland, in
the canton of Zurich, with a caftle.
Here is a celebrated catara^ of tli«
Rhine; the perpendicular height of
which is about 60 feet, and the breadth
300. It is three milcti .9 by w of Schauff-
haufen.
Lattffenhur^, a ftrong town of Suabia,
one of the four Foreft-towns, with' a
caftle. It is feated on a rock, on the
Rhine, which divides it in two parts-
Here is a fmall catarat^t, noted for thQ
beauty of the fcenery. It is 15 miles R
by N of Bafcl. Lon. S a e, lat. 4/
35 »^-
iMughton, a village in W Vorklhire,
on a high hill, fix miles f:sg of Rb-
thcrham. It is noted for it« church.
L A t;
Irijofe eurrous tower and fpire arc feen
at the (liftanc« of fio miles-
Lauingen, a towo of Bavaria, in the
territory- of Neuhcrg, feftted on the
Danubf , three milt s w of Dilh'ngen.
Latiinxtottt a town in Wiltfliire, with
a market on Wt'dnefday, jo miles nw
of Salifbui-y, and 90 w oy s of London.
J/flTw, atown of Germany, in Tyrol,
at the conllux of the Lavis Hvith the
Adige, feven miles n of Trent.
Launctston, a borough and the ca-
piital of Cornwall, governed by a mayor,
with a market on Saturday. It had a
firong cafllr, now in aiins* but the
tower forves as a prifon ; and a little
without the town (lands the old t>rio-
ry. The fpring arizes are held here,
the fuiYimcr aflfues at fiodmin. Here
is a freefchool founded. by tjueen Elifa-
beth. It is feated on the fide of a hiil,
near the river Tamar, a8 miles n of
Plymouth, and 114 w by s of London.
Lon. 4 ai w, lat. jo .^ft w.
Launyy a town of Bohemia, near the
river Eger, la miles enk of Saa/
Lavorot Terra di, a province of Na-
ples, 6.3 miles long and 35 broad ;
bounded on the W by Campagna di
Roma, N by Abruzzo Ulteriore and
Citeriore, k by the Molife and Princi.
pato Ulteriore, and s by Principato Ci»
teriore. It is proper for tillage, whence
it took its name ; and is fertile in ex-
cellent wines and fruits. There are alfo
mineral fprlngs, and mines of fulphur.
IMapIes is the capital.
Lau/>en, a town of Swiflerland, in the
canton of Bern, at the conflux of the
Sanuen and ScnfC} fix miles sw of
Bern.
f.auri»jjen, a town of FranConia, in
the principality of Wurtzburg, on the
river Laur, h miles ne of Schweinfurt-
Laurvig, a town of Norway, in the
province of Aggarhuus, 55 miles s of
Chriftiania.
Lausanne, a town of Swi/Terland,
capital of the canton of Pays At Vaud,
and a bifhop's fee, with a famous col-
?,rge. It (lands on a ve^y uneven tracft
-1 f'and, formed by three fmall hills ; and
the lofty parts a(iord the moft fublhne
views in nature. The church, the
townhoufe, and other public buildings,
are magnificent. It is ^o miles x e of
Geneva, and 4a sw of Bern. Lon. 6
45 E, lat, 46 31 N.
Launtenburgy a town of VV PrnfTia,
Jn the palatinate of Culm, 60 miles E
by s of Culm.
Lauterbachy a town of Bohemia, in
the circle oi' 8aat/, noted for excellent
tin-mines, nine miles ssvv of Carlibad.
L E A
; Lauterhaehi a iown of Germany, {d
Upper HelTe, with a trade in linen and
woollen cli>ths ; featcd on the Vbgtlf.
berfe, i^ miles wftw df Fulda.
LauUrbrtinnf a village of SwilTerland
in the canton of Behi, fix miles s of
Inteflacheti. It is (cited in a romantic
valley of the fame name, celebrated for
Its cktaradi, called Staubbach, which
rufhes dowfi A preclplice §.^6 feet high
with fuch impetuofity, as to refolve
itfelf into a fine fpray, which, viewed
in fbme fituati6ns, reiehlbles i clotid of
duft.
Lauterbt> ^ town of trSnCe, ih the
department of Lower kbine. It was
taken h^ the Auftrlans in 1793. U
(lands on the Lauter, near its conflu*
with the Rhine, 10 riiiles es£ oi Weifi
fenburg, .md 14 s of Landau.
Lauterecki a town of Frarfce, in the
department or Morit 't'onntrre, lately
of Germany, in the -.iddiy of Deuji
Ponts ; feared on the Glan, 30 miles n
by E of Deux Ponts.
J.au^ertey a town of France, in the
department of Lot, ao miles sw of
Call or s.
Luuztin, i tortrh tit France, in tiie
department of Lot and 6ar6tine, 15
miles N E of Marmatide.
Lafwrencet St. a lafgfe' river of N
America, proceeding from Lake On*
tario, from which it runs 700 miles to
the gulf of St. Lawrence, in the Atlan-
tic. Its mouth is 90 miles wide ; and
it is navigable for (hips of war as faf as
Quebec, which is .';6o miles, and veflels
from Europe afcend to Mofitreal, which
IS iflo miles further j a Couffe of navi-
gatiort, for large vefllels, fuperior to any
other river in the world. Beyond Mon-
treal it is fo full of (hoalsand rocks, that
it will not admit large velTels without
danger. It is heie fometimes called the
Iroquois.
Lanvrence-ktrk, a tot^rn of Scotlaiid,
in Kincardineihire, with a nianufadlurd
of linen, eight miles n of IMontrofe.
Laxenburg, a town of /\)iftria, with
a palace, feated on' the Suechaf, id
miles s of Vieorta.
Laybach. Sue I'Oubach.
Lta, a I'lver of England, which rifcs
near Luton, in Bedfordfhire, flows to
Hertford and XVare, and dividing Eflix
from Hertfordlhire and AliddleA'?c, en-
ters the Thames, below Blackwall.
J.ead/iL'Is, a villnge of Scotland, 18
miles !> of i.ancrk, fituato amid moun-
tains, in which are rich mines of lead.
Here is a public library, fitted up by
the miners, who work only eight hours
in a day, and employ much of thtir
"■■p:*
A
rn of Germany, Jn
trade in linen ami
;ed on the Vbtdf.
df FuUla.
age of Swineriand,
hi, fix miles s of
ated in a romantic
mc, celebrated for
Staubbach, which
ipice ^.^6 feet high
Uy, as to refolve
ay, which, viewed
ileMbles i clotid of
noft'ranCe, iftthe
tr Rhine. Jt was
rJans in 1793. U
r, near its conflu*
rhiles nsE ot Weif-
Landau.
I of tratlce, !n the
t Tonnerre, lately
e '.lUdhy of Demi
e Glan, 30 miles m
of France, in thi
, ao miles sw of
«f France, in the
and Garonne, 15
ide.
laf^^ river of N
g from Lake On*
: runs 700 miles to
ence, in the Atlan^
3 miles wide ; and
ps of war as faf as
miles, and veftels
;o Mohtreal, which
a Couffe of navi-
s, fuperior to any
Beyond Mon-
oals and rocks, that
ge veflels without
mctimes called the
!ot<rn of Scotland,
•ith a nianufadlurd
N of Montrofe.
n of /\uftria, with
the Suc'chaf, id
ulach>
!j;land', which rifca
:)rdfhirc, flows to
and dividing Efl'tx
d JkliddleA'?c, en-
)w niackwall.
; of Scotland, ift
uato amid mouii-
ich mines of lead,
ary, fitted up by
« only eight hours
y much of thtir
L E B
fpartJ timP in reading. It is fuppofcd to
bethe highefl; inhabited placo in Britain,
being about 2000 feet above the kvcl
ofthefta.
Leamington Priori, a village in War-
wickfliirtf» on the river Leame, near its
confluence with the Avon, two miles e
ol' Warwick. Here are fome faline
fprings, with warm and cold baths, a
pump-room, and other accommodations
for genteel company.
Leao-tong, or Chen-yang, "va . of the
three departments of Eail. n Tartary,
or country of the Mandfhur Tartars,
who hence entered and conquered
China. It is bounded on the s by the
great wall of China and the Yellow fea,
and inclofed on the e, n, and w by a
palifade of flakes feven feet high, with-
out either bank of earth or ditch.
Chen-yang, or Mougden, is the capital.
Uatherhead, a town in Surry, which
had formerly a market. Here is a
bridge of 14 arches over the river Mole,
which a little above is faid to make its
reappearance above ground. It is 18
miles ssw of London.
Leathes-ivatery or Thirlmere, a lake
in Cumberland, lying sse of Kefwick.
It is narrow and irregular, about three
miles in length, flcirting the foot of
Helvellyn, and receiving numerous
torrents from that huge mountain.
The fingular beauty of this lake is its
being almoft interfered in the middle,
over wliich part there is a bridge-
Its outlet at the k end, joins the river
Grceta, which runs into the Derwent,
below Kefwick.
Leba, a town of Further TOmerania,
on the river Leba, which, aftei- fbrming
a lake i^ miles in circumference, enters
the Baltic fea. It is 16 miles nnw of
iauenburg.
Lebanon, a town of Pennfylvania, in
Dauphin county, on the fide of Quita-
philla creek, 80 niles knw of Phila-
delphia.
Lebanon, New, a town of New
Vork, in Duchefs county, noted for its
medicinal fpring, 30 miles ne of Hudfon.
Lebida, a fcaport of the kingdom of
Tripoli, with a good harbour, arid an
old caftle. It is feated on the Mediter-
ranean, 85 miles E of Tripoli. Lon.
1450 E, lat. 3* 50 N.
Lebrixa, or Lchrlja, a town of Spain,
In Andalufia, with a caftle, feated in a
territory abounding in ojive-trees that
produce the beft oil in Spain, %] miles
s by w of Seville.
L-ebus, a town of Brandenburg, in the
Middle-mark, feated on the OUejr, five
miles N of f lankfort.
t E fi
LecaitUo, a town in the ftate of
Genoa, 2^ miles ne of Genoa, t
i-erce, a city of Naples, in Otranto,
and a bifliop's fee. It is the refidcncc
of the governor, and fometimes called
the capital of the province ; and by
fome the province is called Lecce, in-
ftead of Otrhnto. It is 17 miles nw of
Otranto, and 195 ese of Naples. Lon.
18 20 E, lat. 40 36 .V.
Lecco, a town of Italy, in the Mi-
lanefe, feated on the e branch of the
lake Como, 26 miles ene of Como.
_ Lechi a river of Germany, which
rifes in Tyrol, divides Suabia from Ba-
varia, and enters the Danube, below
Donawert.
Lechlade, a town in Oloucefterfliire,
with a market on Tuefday. A canal
from the S«vern joins the Thames near
this town, and the traffic he •.', on both,
is confiderable in cheefe, corn, and coal.
It is feated at the confluence of the
Lech with the Thames, 28 miles e by s
of Gloucefter, and 76 w by n of Lon-
don.
Lechfiich, a towti of France, in the
department of Roer, lately of Ger-
many, in the eledorate of Cologne, 10
miles ssw of Cologne.
Lec/min, a town of Silefia, in the
principality of Oppelen. Near it is the
convent of St. Annenberg, much re-
forted to by pilgrims. It is feated near
the Oder, 17 miles sse of Oppelen.
Lecii:, a river bf Holland, which
branches off from the Rhine at Deur-
ftede, and enters the Merve, 10 miles £
of Rotterdam.
Lectoure, a ftrong town of France, in
the department of Gers, with a cattle.
It was lately an epifcopal fee, and is
fitUate on a mountain, near the ' 'ver
Gers, 17 iniles N of Auch. Lon. 037
E, lat. 43 56 N.
Ledbury, a town in Herefordfliire,
with a market on Tuefday. It is inha-
bited by many clothiers, and feated on
a canal, 13 miles e of Hereford, and
12* WNW of London.
Ledtitna, a ftrong town of Spain, iix
Leon, feated on the Tormes, ao niile«
sw of Salamanca.
Lee, a river of Ireland, which tifcs on
the confines of Kerry, and flovvs r to
Cork, below which city it enters Cork
harbour.
Leeds, a town in W Yorkfhire, go-
verned by a mayor, with a market on
Tuefday and Saturday. It ftands on
the river Aire, and w a vale which
trade has rendered one of the moft po-
pulous fpots in England. It is the
principal of the clothing towns in Yotk-
1} b
LEE
(hire, and the mart for the coloured
and wliitc btoud cloths, of which v.«ft
quantities are fold in its two cloth-halls,
within the fpacc of an liour, without
the ieaft contuiion. The maiiufaAures
that fupply thi;fe two halU extend
about ten milcA to the s, 15 to the sw,
and eight to tlie n and w \ the mixed
cloths bi'ing moftly made in the neigh-
bourhood of the river Aire, and the
white cloths in that of the ("aider.
Leeds has a flouriihing manufatflure of
carpets j alfo fome mills for the cutting
of tobacco, and fcveral potteries. In
the neighbourhood are numerous col-
lieries, and great quantities of coal are
font to York and Iluil. Three miles
NNW of the town, on the river Aire,
ftands the remiiins of that venerable
pile, Kirkftal abbey, embowi-red in
groves of oak. Leeds hasthrec churches,
Itvcral meeting-houfcfi, and a general
infirmary: and in iBoi it contained
5,;),i6z inhabitants. A canal paflcs
henco to Liverpool, by which and the
river t'.MS town has a communication
witlithc Iriih fea and the German ocean-
It is a» miles wsw of York, and 19a
V by w of London., Lon. : 34 w, lat.
b3 48 N.
Lfedu a town of Virginia, on the k
iide of the Rappahannoc, 34 miles sb
of Falmouth.
I.fck, a town in StaiTordihire, with a
market on Wednefday, and manu-
factures of ribands, twi(\, and buttons ;
feated on the Churnet, 21 miks N of
Statlbixl, and 154 nnw of London.
Leert or Lehr, a town of Weftphalia,
in £ Friefland, on a river of the fame
rame, which foon after joins the Ems.
It is II miles SK of Emden.
Leerdanty a town of S Holland, feated
an the Linghe, fix miles tay. of Gorcum.
Leercrtf a fortrcfs of Wfflphalia, in
E Frieiland, feated at the conflux of the
Leer with the £m8, to milcii i: by 3 of
Emdon.
Lfertt or Lhrst ^ town of the Ne-
therlands, in the territory of Liege,
near which a battle was gained by the
French, in 1746, over theanies, com-
n\und('d by pilnce Charltv of Lorrain.
It is four milcd k of i^iege.
Liesdurff, a town of Virginia, chief
of London county, 40 miles nw of
Alexandria, and s5 ••'•'*•'• of Winchefter.
J^esdurg, a town of N Carolina, chief
of Cafwoll county, 30 miles nw of
Hilifhorough, and 95 w of Halifax-
L^esburg, or Ltesto<wH% a town of
Kentucky, in Fayette county, on the
river Kentucky, ao miles w of Lex-
uigtun.
L E r
Leemvtt a fortified town oftheNe*
thcrlands, in Brabant, taken by the
allie« in i7»s. It is fuated in a morafa
on the river Oeef e, 1 -j. miles a of Loii.
vain.
Letward Islands, fuch of the Carib-
bee illaiids, in the Weft Indies as com-
mence at Dominicaf and extend to
Porto Rico.
LefoMay one of the Hapace iflands.
in the Pacific ocean, vifited by Cook in
1776. Many parts of the country near
the fea, arc fandy and barren : but in
the internal parts, were large fpots
covered with fhe paper mulberry- tree,
and plantations ftocked with plants and
fruit-trees. To thefe Cook made fome
incrcafe by adding melons, maize, dec.
The idand is fevcn miles in length;
its breadth, in fome places, is not above
three.
Leghorn^ or Livornot a ftrong city of
Tufcany, and a biihop's fee- It has
one of the beft harbours in the Me-
diterranean ; and, being a free port, its
commerce is prodigious- The Jews,
who are numerous and rich, have a
handfnme fynagogue and fchoola; the
Greeks and Armenians have churches
of their own ; and no religion is dif-
turbed. The inhabitants are comp\ited
at 45,000- The itreets arc wide and
ftraight, and almoft all the houfcs of
the fame height. There are fo many
canals, that fome have given it the title
of New Venice. N-?ar the harbour is
a large building, in which they Ihut up
every night the Turks and the galley
(laves. At a little diftance is a light-
houi«, on a ftnall ifland. The trade
confifta of foreign goods, as cotton,
fugar, cocoa« fpices) fulphur, and alum;
and in home produAions, as eflfencesf
oils, wine, firaw-hats, cloth, juniper
berries, oranges, Iambs and ^oats Ikms,
and coral. In 1741, this city fuifered
greatly by an earthqnake. In 1796,11
was entered by the French, who were
obliged to evacuate it in 1799, but they
re-entered it the following year. It Is
10 miles s of Pifa, and 45 sw of Flo-
rence- Lon. 10 1.5 B, lat. 4;^ 3-3 n.
Legvago, a town of Italy, in the
Veronefe, on the Adige, with a fortrefs
regularly conftruiJled. The town is
populous, and carries on a contidcrable
trade, p.irticalarly ia grain, which is
greatly facilitated by means of a canal
from the Adige to the Po. It furren-
dered to the French in 1796. It is 24
miles 3E of Verona.
LeiliartZf a town of Germany, in
Stiria, feated on the Sulm, 16 miki s of
Gratz.
LEI
, fj^ester, a fowh of Maflfhichuf'.rt, tn
\Voix»?ftfr county, with a confsdcrable
manufa<?l«re df wool cards, fix mile*
WNWofWorcefter.
LekesteTt a boroUgh Ahd the cat)itat
of Leict'fterihiw. g- 'etned by a ma^or,
with a market on Sattirday. In tlie
civil wars th« walls ^ere in a great
meafure demoliflittd; the <»flle Waft
nlfo difmantledt the ball and kitchen
being tite only parts that are Irft
entire, and the aflizes are held in
the former- It has five churches, and
feveral meetingihoufes. The combing
and fpinning of wool, and making it
into ilockings and other articles, is the
chief buiincfti of this town and neigh-
bourhood. A canal i>aneft hence by
Loughborough to the river Trent. At
a parliament held here, in the reign of
Henry v, was made the firft law for the
buminp of heretits- In the meadows
near the town, are the ruins of an
abbey, in which cardinal Wdlfey died'
Leicefter ih t8oi contained 16,953 in-
hobitants. it is feated on the Soar,
38 miles s by B of Derby, and 98
KNW of London. Lon. i 8 w, lat.
Leirestenhhe, a county of England,
38 miles long and 30 broad ; bounded
on the N by Nottinghamfl<ire, e by the
counties of Lincoln and Rutland, s by
Northamptonfliire, sw by Warwick-
jhlre, and nw by Derbyshire. It con-
tuinfi 522,240 acres; is divided into
fix hundreds, and 196 pari{he8> has ta
market-towns { and fends four members
to parliament. The number of inhabit
tantsin 1801 was 1301081. The chief
rivers are the Avon, Soar, Wreke,
Anker, and Welland ; and it has fe-
vcral canals. The foil, in general,
affords great quantities of rich grazing
land, and is peculiarly fitted for the
culture of beans. Toward the Nw,
the Bardon-hills rife to a great height ;
and in their neighbourhood :s Charn-
wood foreft, a rough and open tradl :
furtlii'r to the mw are valnable coal
mines. The ne part feeds a great
number of (heepi and the se part is a
rich grazing traiJl. This county is fa-
mous for Its large black horfes and
horned cattle, as well as for its fbeep j
and for having bred every fpccies- of
domeftic quadruped to the utmoft pet-
feition of form and lize. The manu-
faftore of ftuckfngs is the principal one
in the county.
Itigh, a town in EflTeXi on a creek:
at the mouth of the Thames, oppofite
the E eKtrciAlfyof Canvey iftamJ. It is
noted fo!^ oyft*rt,v arid has * good roaW
ttt
for Uhlpplng. It is 18 Mites sdB of
Chelmsford, and ^9 b of London.
teigh\ K town in Lancafhire, with 4
tnarket on Saturday. It Has conflder*
ablie manufafijres, particularly of finq
jeans, ih imitation of thofe of India ; and
a great traffic by its canal navigation. It
is nine miteft mnr of Warrington^ and
199 NW of London.
Leighiin, a bbroUgh of Ireland, in the
county of Carlow, and the fee of c bi-
Hiop united t^ith Ferns. The cathe*
drai is now the p^rilh church. It is
eight miles ssW of Carlow, and nine vn
of Kilkenny-
Leightdn Buzzardy a town in Bed^
fordlinre, with a market on Tuefday^
feated on the Lyfl^U 18 m<l<^ • of BKd-
rord, and 4r n w of London.
Lelntft a riVir of Germiany, ivhich
rifes in the tertitoiy of Eichfeld, above
Heiligenftadt, and flovcs through Brunf-
wick Lunebiirg, by Oottingen, Calen-
berg, Hanover, and Neuftadt, into the
Alk-r.
Leimter, a province of It-eland, r 1 4
miles long and jo broad ; bounded on
the E and s by St. George channel, w
by Connaught and Munfter, and n by
Uliter- It contains the counties of
Carlow, Dublin, Kildare, Kiikentiy,
Kings, Longford, Lough, £ Meath,
Queens, W Meath, Wexford, and
Wicklow. Dublin is the capital.
Leipheiniy a town of Suaoia, in the
territory of l^m . Its vicinity produces
good hops, and it ftands on the s bank
of the Danube, 10 miles ne of Ulm.
Leipnicy a walled tonm of Moravia,
near the river Beczwa, 14 miles as£ of
Olmutz.
Leipsicy or Leipzigy a city of Upper
Saxony, in Mifttia, with a famous Uni-
verfityjand a ftrohg citadel called Pleyf-
fenburg. It carries on a confiderable
trade; and has three great fairs every
year, which laft a fortnight each. Its
principal manufa^ures are filk, gold
and lilver ftuflfs, linen and cotton print-
ing, leather* and paper. The number
of Inhabitants exceeds 30,000 ; and tbe
houfes, in general, are lofty buildings.
There are fix handfbme colleges belongs.
ing to the univeifity, bel!de the private
trolleges ; and the exchange is a finfc
ftruflure- Leipfio was taken by the
Pruffians in r745 and 1756. The Auf-
trians in 1758 bcfieged it ih vain; they
took it two yeat^.^ler, but were fooh
obliged to give it up.' It is feated in a
plairt, bn t^ rtvA- flcyfle, 60 milA
WjTwof Dref^c'A. Lon. i% 20 >, lat.
si 19 w- '
Lririay a tcTJvn^of PortugalJ in Eftre-
Bb»
41
L E I
maduni, and a biihop's fRCt witli an
ancient caftle on an eminence- It is 80
miles NUE of Liibon. Lon. 8 34 Wj
lat.*39 48 N.
teijzMig, a town of Upper Saxony»
in Mifnia, with manufadlures of cloth,
lace, (lockings, &c. It is feated on the
Mulda, 24 miles EiiB of Leipru:» and 31
Nw of Drt-fden.
Leitenbtr^t a town of UiH>er Saxony,
in Thuringia, with a caftle on a moun-
tain. It is feated on the Sorbitz, x i
miles ssE of Saalfeld.
Le'ttht a feaport of Scotland, on the
frith of Forth, two miles nnb of Edin-
burg, of which it is the port. It is
fituatc at the mouth of the river I.eith,
which forms the harbour, and divides
the town into N and S Leith, which
communicate by a drawbridge. The
harbour is fiecured by a noble ftone
pier ; and it is accommodated with wet
and dry docks, and other conveniences
for (hip-building, which is carried on
to a great extent. Here are alfo manu-
faftures of ropes, canvas, carpets,
glafs, (hoes, leather, foap, and candles,
and fcvetal iron forges. There are
tlire* diurches, a rtagaific^nt banking-
houfe, an ho({>ital far dlfabled fcamen,
and ' a battery for the defence of the
harbour. The comnverce of Leith is
very confiderablc ; and the veflels em-
ployed in the London trade are, in t;er
deral, of a large fize; but the largeft
(hips are thofe empbyed in the Green-
land whale fi(hery. To foreign parts
are exported lead, glafs ware, hnen,
woollen ftufT;, and a variety of other
goods. In 1 80 1, the number of inha-
bitants in Leith was 15,27a* l^on. % 56
w, lat. 55 54 „ ,
Leitmerita. See Leutmeutz.
LeitomischeL See Leutm'isclul,
Ltitrim, a county of Ireland, in the
province of Coanaught, 43 miles long
and 15 broad; bounded on the n by
Donegal bay, nb by Fermanagh , e by
Cavan, sB by Longford, sw by Rof*
common, and w by Sligp. It is divid-
ed into 31 parilhes, and (ends two
member^ to parliament. It is a fertile
country, though mountainous,, abounds
with (mail lakes and rivers, has fume
iron-works, and feeds great herds of
cattle. Carriek is the c^a).
Leitrim, a. town of Ireland, from
which the county has ks name, and
formerly a place of fomc note, of which
St. Liegus was bUhoih It is feated on
the Shannon, four ititlcs If oi Carriek,
and 8a> WNW of Dublin^
LeixsV^ a town of Ireland, in the
/asomVf ^KildjUY, futed oa the LKfef
L E N
It has a noble caftle, with large gardens
on one fide of which is a tine waterfail'
called the Salmon leap. Near it are
the ruins of the churr>i and caflle of
Conf:^. Leixllip is eight miles w of
Dublin.
Leman, a new departmeht of France,
including the territory of Geneva. The,
lake of Geneva was anciently called
Leman. The chief town is Geneva.
Lemburgy or Leofoidt a city of Po-
land, lately the capital of Red Ruflia,.
and now of Ea(t Galicia. It is well
fortified, and defended by two citadels,
one of which is on an eminence with-
out the city. The cathedral, churches,
and public buildings axe magnificent ;
and the inhabitants, eftimated at ao,ooo,
carry on a confiderable trade. It is the
fee of a Roman catholic a»chbi(hop>
and has alfo an ^rmenian and Ruffian
bifhop. In i<i73,it wasbeflcgedinvain
by the Turks; but in J704 was taken
by ftorm, by Charles x 1 1 of Sweden.
It is feated on (he Peltu, 90 miles mw
of Kaminieck, and 150 b of Cracow.
Loni. 24 26 E, lat. 49 51 N.
Lembro, the ancient Imbros, an idand
of the Archipelago, on the tfoaft of
Romania, «2 miles in circumference.
It has a town of the (ame name, with a
harbour. Lon. 26 e f., lat. 40 25 ii.
I^mgoiWf A town of Weftplialia, in
the county of Lippe, with fome cloth
and ftuif manutadures ; (eated on the
Beya, near the Werra, 25 miles n by w
of Paderbora.
Letunosy or Stalimentt an ifland oF
the Archipelago, lying near the (trait
of GalUpoli. It is: 15 miles long and
11 broad, and abounds with mountain.<>
and valkvs, which in fame places are
cultivatea, and produce a variety of
fruit. The poets made it (acred to
Vulcan, who was hence called Lemnius
Pater. It was alfo celebrated for its
labyrinth, of vi-hich not a trace tefnains.
The mod«m Cireeks entertain the fame
opinion of tlvit earth of Lemnos, which
is faid tah;^Te cured Philofletes. Thia
earth is never dug up but on one parti-
cular day of the year, and then with
gseat ceremony. It is called Terra Si-
gellata, being fonned into fmall cakes
Staled with the gnand ilgnior's feai, and
thus difperfed over various parts of
Europe. Lemnos is fubjedt to the
Turks ; but the inhabitants are almoib
all Greekiy and very induftrious. Its
capital is of the fame name, and the fe«
of a Gretk arcfabilhop. Lon. 25 aa £,
lat. 40 3 K.
Lena, A river of Siberia* in the gOM
trecnment of Irkutlk, which. rUb ia tk
N
ifith large gardens,
is a fine waterfall,
rap. Near it are
rr»> and caftle of
eight miles w of
artmeht of France,
^ of Geneva. The
I anciently called
town is Geneva.
'clJy a city of Po-
tal of Red Ruflia^
ralicia. It is well
ed by two citadels,
an eminence with-
athedral, churches»
s ase magnificent-,
:fti mated at ao,ooo»
ble trade. It is the
atholic avchbi(hop»
nenian and Ruflian
was beficged in vain
in ](;o4 was taken
es XII of Sweden.
PeltUi 90 miles mw
150 B of Cracow.
.951N.
;nt Imbros, an illand
0, on the <!oall of
s in circumference.
e feme name, with a ■
o F., lat. 40 25 n.
[) of Weftphalia, in
je, with fome cloth
ures ; &ated on the
:ra, 15 miles n by w
Umentt an ifland of
[ying near the ftrait
1 15 miles long and
inds with mountains
in fome places are
)duce a variety of
made it fecred to
:nce called Lemnius
celebrated foe its
Qot a trace remains.
,8 entertain the fame
;h of Lemnos, which
fd Pbilodtetes. This
jp but on one parti-
rear, and then with
t is called Terra Si-
led into fmall cakes
id fignior's feal, and
T various parts of
is fubjeA to the
Ihabitants are almofb
jry induftrious. Its
e name, and the fe«
op. Lon. 25 a8 e»
I Siberia* in the go«
t, which, rifissia the
LEO
mountains to the w of the lake Baikal,
flows N and ms to Yakutik, where it is
five miles wide, and its courfe then is
KMW to the Frozen ocean, which it
enters by fcveral mouths.
Lenczicz, a ftrong town of Poland,
capital of a palatinate of the fame name,
with a fort on a rock. It ftands ia a
morafs on the river Biurd, 37 miles su
ofGnefna, and no n by w of Cracow.
Lon. 18 ao e, lat. 5:, 10 v.
iLinham, a town in Kent, with a
market on Tuefday, feated on an emi-
nencci at the fource of the Len, 10 miles
e of M'lidftone, and 44 ^'Se of London.
Lenrtep, a town of Wcftphalia, in the
duchy of Berg, on a river of ttie fame
name, so miles ese of Dufleldorf.
Lennox- Sec Dumbartonsliire.
Lenox, a town of Maflachufets, chief
of Berklhire county, feated on the Hou-
fatonic, 145 mik's w of Bofton.
Lens, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Pas de Calais, on the river
ijouchet, 1 1 miles k of Arras.
lentinl, a town of Sicily, in Val di
Noto. It is a fmali remainder of the
ancient Leontiumi and fituate at the
foot of a height, on the top of which
Charles v built a new town, called Car-
lentini. Lentini was greatly damaged by
ail earthquake in 16^3, and is feated on
the Leonardo, 17 miles sw of Catania.
Lentzburg, a town of Swiflerland, in
the canton of Bern, with a fortified
cafllei and manufadtures of linen, cot-
ton, tobacco, &c. It is 10 miles w by
s of Baden, and 40 ne of Bern.
Lentzen, a town of Brandenburg, in
the mark of Pregnitz, near the Elbe, 14
miles w of Perleberg.
Leo, St- a town of Italy, in the duchy
of Urbino, on a mountain, near the
river Marrechia, 15 miles nw of Urbino.
Leoben, a town of Gern;any, in Stiria,
fituate on the Muer, 20 miles nw of
Gratf-
Leobschuz, a town of Silelia, in the
principality of Jagcrndorf, with a trade
ia corn and yarn, 10 miles nne of Ja-
gcrndorf.
Leoj^ane, 3. town and fort, with a
good harbour, on the N fide of the s
pt^ninfula of St. Domingo. It was
taken by the Englifh and the French
royalifts in 1794, but retaken by the
npublicans foon after ; and it was un-
fsccefsfuUy attacked by the Englifh in
1796. Lon. 72 37 w, lat. 18 38 n.
Leominster, a borough in Hereford-
liire, with a market on Friday, and a
trade in gloves, hats, and leather. The
church is fpacious, and has a beautiful
altar-piece by Rubens. Here are alio
LEO
fevera) meeting-houles, and two free-
fchools, one of them endowed by queen
Mary. It is feated on th^ Lug, 25
miles w by N of \Vorcefter» and 137
WKW of London.
Leominster, a town of Maflachufets,
in Worceflcr county, with a manufac-
ture of combs, 19 miles n of Worceftcr,
and 46 WNW of Bofton.
Leottt a fertile province ot Spain, for-
merly a kingdom, bounded on the n by-
Aftiirias, w by Galicia and Portugal,
s by Eftrennadura, and e by Old Caftile.
It is 125 miles long and 100 broad, and
divided into' almoft two equal parts by
the river Douero. »
Leortt a city of Spain, capital of a
province of that name, and a bifhop's
fee. It was formerly richer and more
populous than at prefent. The cathe-
dral is admired for its elegant lightnefs.
It is feated between two lources of the
river Efra, 50 miles se of Oviedo, and
i6j N by w of Madrid. Lon. 5 38 w,
lat. 42 36 N.
Leon, a town of Spain, in Andalufia,
almoft furroiinded by the fca, 1 1 miles
sfi .•'Cadiz.
L^ ;, a city of Mexico, capital of
Nicaragua, and a bifhop's fee. It is a
commercial place, feated near the nw
extremity of the lake Nicaragua, 30
miles from the Pacific ocean. Lon. &j
20 w,lat. 12 30 N.
Lfon, New, a province in the s part
of New Mexico, having the gulf of
Mexico on the e, Panuco on the s,
and New Bifcay on the w. It is little
known.
Leon de CaraccaSf a city of Terra
Firma, capital of the province of Ca-
raccas, and of a government that in-
cludes the provinces of Venezuela, Ca>
raccas, and Cumana. It ftandb in a plain
furrounded by mountains, la miles
from the fea ; and its port is Guayra.
The inhabitants are eftimated at 24,000,
and carry on a confiderable trade. Lon.
67 o w, lat. lo 15 N.
Leonard, St. a town of France, in the
department of Upper Vienne, with ma-
nufactures of paper and cloth ; feated
on the Vienne, 1 2 miles ne of Limogei*
and 195 s of Paris.
LeonardtoivH, a town of Maryland*
chief of St. Mary county, fituate on
Britton bay, five miles from its mouth
in the Potomac, and 60 sse of Waih«
ington.
Leonberg, a town of Suabia, ip the
duchy of Wirtemb«»-g, fituate on the
Glem, fix miles w of Stutgard,
Leonetsa, a town of Naples, in Ab-
ruzzo Ulteriore, 19 miles Nw of Aquila.
|i^.
I, E R
J^eao-keoO' Sie liieu-iieu,
J.ea/>old. See Ltmburg-
X^ofiMjttfdtt a town and fortrefD of
tJpper Uungnryj feated on the Waag,
3b miles N of Neuhau&l) and 50 eve
of Prelburg-
Lepantot a feaport of European Ti^rt
1< '/» in Livadia, and an archbilhop's
fiei'- It is divided into four towns, fur*
rounded by as many walls, and defended
l>y a caftle on an eminence. It was
taken by theVenetians-from the Turks,
in ]6&7« but eyacuated in 1699, in con-
fequence of the ♦.itaty of Carlowitz.
Near this town, don John of Auttria
obtained a famous viftory over the
Turjiifh fleet, in 1J71, The produce
of the adjacent country is wine, oil,
corn, rice, leather, and tobacco. Tiie
Turks have iix or fevcn mofquos here,
and the Greeks two churches. It is
fuated on the gulf of Lepanto, 100
miles WNW of Athens, and 350 sw of
Co'iftantinople. Lqn« as o e, lat. 38
30 N.
Lexers Isle, one of the Now Hebrides,
in the Pacific oceatt. , Lon. 16758 e,
lat. 15 a3S. , '
Lerena, ox Llerena, an epifcopal to'vn
of Spain, in Eftremadura, at the foot of
a mountain, and the fource of the
^alacbel, 50 miles s of Merida, and
68 SE of Badajoz. Lon. 5 53 w, lat.
38 7 N.
Ler'u'h a town of the territory of
Genoa, on the e coaft of the gulf of
Spezzia, three miles sw of Sai'zana,
Lerida, a ftrong town of Spain, in
Catalonia, ."nd a bifhop's fee, witli a
univerfity and a calUp. Thin place de-
clared for Charles iii, after the reduc-
tion of Barcelona, in 1705, but it was
retaken by the duke of Orleans in 1707,
^ter the battle of Almanza. It is feated
on a hill, on the river Segra, 16 .n\ilea
swofBala£;uer,and aoo nw of Madrid.
Lon. o 35 E, lat- 41 3% ^.
Lerins, a name given to two ifl^nds
in the Mediterranean, on the coaft of
Frajoce, five miles from Antibes. That
neareft the coaft, called St. Margaret,
was taken by the Englifh in 1746, but
retaken in 1747. The other is called
St. Hp:;orat, and has a Bcncdidiuc
fibbey.
7 . -mq, i^ town of Spain, in Old Cif-
tile, with a palace, feated on the Ar-
ianzi; 23 miles s of Burgos.
Lernica, a town of Cyprus, fonneily
^. large city, as appears from its ruins.
It is mpate on the s coaft of the ifland,
where then.- i.s a good road, and a fmall
fort for its defence, 30 miles aw of F4-
ipagufta.
LE S
Lfroi anciently Leria, an ifland of tb«
Archipelago, -ymg tight miles at, of
Fatmo«.
Lerwici, a town of Scotland, capital
of the Shetland iflands, fituate on the t. ..
fide ()f Mainland, the principal iflani'.
on the fpacious harbour called Brafla
found- It is the rendezvous of the
iifliin^ buffl's, and velTela employed in
the herring fiOierv. Near the n end of
the town is Fort Charlotte, which com-
mands the N^ent ranee to BraiTa found.
Lon. o 56 w, lat. 60 IS N.
Lescar, a town of France, in the de^
pai tment of Lowar Pyrenees, and lately
a bifliop's iec ; feated on a hill, three
miles NW of Pay, and 42 se of Bay-
onnc.
Lejguis, one of t*ie feven Oaucafian
nations, between the B'ack fea and the
Cafpian. Their country is indifferent-!
ly called by the Georgians, Lcfguiftan
and Dagheftan. It is bounded on the
£ and s by Perfia and the Cafpian, sw
,md w by Oeorgia, the OfTi, and Kifti,
and N by the^ Kifti and Tartar tribes.
It it divided into a variety of diftrids,
generally independent, and governed
bychi'fs eledled by the people. The
Lefguis are uippofed to be defcended
from the tribes of mountaineers, known
to ancient geographers under the name
of Lefgse or Ligyei. The ftrength' of
their country, which is a region of
mountains, whofe pafTes are known
only to themfelves, has probably, at all
times, fecured them fron\ foreign inva.i
fion. They fubiift by rai(ing cattle,
and by predatory expeditions into the
countries of their more wealthy neigh-
bours. In their perfons aud drefn. and
general habits of life, as far as thefe are
known to us, they gr^c^tly refemble th$
Circafjians.
Lejim* an ifland in the gulf of Ve*
nice« on the coaft of Oalmatia, 48 miles
long and eight broad. It c«ntains great
quantities of different kin4s of marble.
The principal produdions are wine,
oil, figs, almonds, oranges, faffron, aloes,
hfiney, and wool ; but falt-filh is the
chief article of commerce. The capital
is of the fame name, and has a good
harbour, 2q miles s of Spalatro. Lon.
16 ap E.lat. 4333 N.
Lesina, a town of Naples, in Capi-
tanata, on a lake of the fame name, j6
miles NW of Manfredonia.
Lcskeard, a borough m Cornwall, gO'
verned by a mayor, with a market on
Saturday. It h.id formor*y a caftle,
now in ruins, is one of the coinage
towns for tin, and has manufac'tures of
Jc§,t^her and yain. It is 31 nuiles knb
E S-
eri{i,an|flandoftb«
ci^ht miles SE of
of Scotland, capital
(ids, fituate on the e
the principal iQam'.
irbour called Brafla
rcndczvoHs of the
veflTeU employed in
Near the n end of
larlQtte, which com-
ice to Brafla found.
) 12 N.
f France, in the de-.
Pyrenet's, and lately
ted on a hill, three
and 42 se of Bay-
l«ie feven Oaucafian
le Black fea and the
)iintry is indifferent-?
eurgians, Lcfguiftao
t is bounded on the
and the Cafpian, sw
the Ofli, and Kifti,
i and Tartar tribes.
I variety of diftrifls,
lent, and governed
y the people. The
'ed to be defcended
nountaineers, known
tiers under the name
The ftrength of
ich is a region of
paflTes are known
has probably, at all
[) froa\ foreign inva-t
by raiftng cattle,
xpeditions into the
nure wealthy neigh-
rfons and dfeib. and
, as far as thefe are
re^tly refemble tb^
in the gulf of Ve-
Oalmatia, 48 miles
It cantains great
nt kinds of marble.
Jui^ions are wine,
anges, fafrron,aloes,
but falt-iifli is the
:jerce. The capital
e, and has a good
of Spalatro. Lon.
f Naples, in Capi-
the fame name, j6
Ionia.
fh in Cornwall, go-
with a market on
formrriy a caftle,
le of the coinage
as manufatJtures of
t IS 31 miles knb
LEV
of Truro, and 325 w by s of London.
Lon. 4 4» *»'»*• so '•y^'
ieiko, a town of Poland, in tbe pa-
Ltinate of Lemberg, or kingdom of
Galicia. 68 miles sw of Lemberg.
Lesnevetit a town of France, in the
department of Fintfterre, 10 miles n of
Landernau, and 13 NsofBreft.
Ltiparrt% a town of France, in the
department of Gironde, near which are
found tranfparent pebbles, known by
the name of Medoc Hones. It is 40
miles NNW of Bourdeaux.
Lesjin^st a tOwn of the Netherlands,
in Hainaultf famous for its linen manu-
Mure, fcated on thv Dender, 28 miles
iW of Bruflels.
Ltjtwithiei, a borough in Cornwall,
governed by a mayor, with a market on
Friday. It is feated on the Fowey,
which was formerly navigable to the
town, but the channel is now flowed
up. Here is a woollen manu£a<5ture ;
aod it is one of the tin coinage towns.
Near it, on the edge of a hill, is Lef-
tormal caftle, formerly the refidence of
the dukes of Cornwall. Leftwithiel ia
21 miles NE of Truro, and 236 w by «
of London.
lettere, a town of Naples, in Princi-
pato Citeriope, feated at the foot of a
mountain, 12 mites nw of Salerno.
Levant. This word propefly fignl-
lies the East ; but it is generally ufod,
when fpeaking of trade, for Turkey in
Mia; comprehending Natolia, Syria,
tke iflands of Cyprus, Candla, Sec. The
Lvant Sea means the E part of the
Mediterranean Sea.
LeduSfH town of Silelia, in the prin-
cipality of Wolau, with a celebrated
Ciftertian abbey ; feated on the Oder,
10 miles sw of Wolau.
Leucate, a town of France, in the de«
partment of Aude, fituate near the Me-
diterranean, on the N fide of a lake of
its name, 18 miles s cf Narboniie.
Leuch, or Leui, a town of Swiflerland,
in the Vallais, much frequented on ac-
count of its hot mineral fprings. It is
feated on an eminence near the Rhoncy
ij miles ESE of Sion.
Leuchtenburg, a town of the pala-
tinate of Bavaria, in a landgravate of
the fame name ; feated on a mountain,
war the river Pfreimbt, 38 miles nne
of Ratifbon. Lon. 12 ig e, lat. 49 35 n.
Levek. See Cambodia.
Liven, a rivpr in Lancafliire, which
ilTues from the s extremity of Winder-
mere-water, and flows into Morecambe
bay.
Leven, a river of Scotland, in Dum-
bartonfltircy which iflues from Loch
. L E W '
Lomond, and enters the cftuary of the "
Clyde, below Dumbarton.
Leven, a river of Scotland, which
rifes in tbe county of Kinroi^, flows by
the town of that name and through
Loch I^veo* and crofles Fifefliire to
the town of Leven, where it enters
Largo bay.
Leven, a town of Scotland, in Fife*
fliire, with a good harbour, and fome
(hare in the coafting and Baltic trade-
It ftands on the w iide of Largo bay^
at the influx of the liver Leven, feven
miles NK of Dy fart.
Leven, Loch, an arm of the fea, in
Scotland. See Linhee, Loth.
Leven, Loeh, a lake of Scotland, in
Kinrofslhire, 10 miles in circumference,
and fomewhat of a circular form. It
has four fmall iflands, on one of which
Is a ruinous caftle, where Mary queen
of Scots was confined by the confede-
rate lords, after flie had feparated from
Bothwell ; and on another, named St.
Serf's ifle, is the ruin of a priory. On
the E fide of the lake, near its outlet*
ftands the ruinous monaftery of Port-,
mo.ik.
Levenzo, See JEgades,
Levroux, a town of France, in the •
department of Indre, 11 miles n of
Chateauruux, and 35 sw of Bourges.
LcHse, a tov.-n of the Netherlands," in
Hainaulti feated on the Dender, 14 miles
NW of Mons.
Leutkircb, a town of Sudna, lately
i.nperial, with twofuburbs, and a good
linen trade. It is feated<^n the Efchach ,
which runs into the Uler, 22 miles nb
of Linduu, and 38 s of Ulm.
LeutmeriUs, or 'Leitmeritz, a town of
Bohemia, capital of a circle of tbe Ihme
name, and lately a bifliop's fee. The
circle is fuch a delightful country that it
is called the Bohemian Paradife ; it pro-
duces excellent wine, and contains warm
baths, ti -mines, and precious ftones.
The town is well built and populous,
and feated on the Elbe, 30 miles Nwof
Prague. Lon. 14 17 e, lat. 50 3% n.
Leutm'tjchel, or Leitomiicbel, a tbwn'
of Bohemia, in the circle of Chrudim,
with a caftle on a mt)untain, ao miles
ESE of Chrudim.
Leutjch, a town of Germany, in Car-
niola, eight miles ssic of Idiia.
Leivarelen, a ftrong town of Holland,
capital of Friefland. The bnildingr., as
well public as private, are magaific<'nt.
It has feveral canals in the ftrccis, which
are a great aflift-ince to 'ts trade ; they
being continued to the fea, anil to the
moft couhderable towns in tbe province.
It is feated on tbe river Ee, 3 2 miles 'V'.
>'i
LEW
of Groningen. Loii. 5 48 b, lat. 53
13 N.
Ltmi/tnt%t a town of Upper Hungary*
in the county of Oran, and on a river
of the fame name, where the Turk* were
defeated in 1664. It U as milea nk of
Gian.
Lenvet, a borough in Suflex, with a
market on Saturday. It contains four
parifli churches ; and adjoining are the
vtllagei of Southover and Cliflr» each
with a parifli oiiurch. The latter place
is parted from Lewetf by the river Oufe,
which is navigable here for barges ; and
in the former are confiderablc remains
of a celebrated monaftcry. Lewes was
formerly furrounded by walls, vefliftes
of which are ftill viliblo ; and on the
fummit of a bill are the irmains of an
ancient caftle. The I'ummer aflizes arc
held here. Kear this town was fought
a battle in 12631 when Henry in and
hisfon (afterward Edward 1) were made
prifoners by the earl of Leiceftcr. Lewf 3
IS fituate at the edge of the South
Pownsi 30 miles e of Chichelter, and
49 * of London. Lon. o a e, lat. 30
55 N.
I.c<wej,a town o< Delaware* in Suflex
county, iUuate on Lewes creek, five
miles from its mouth in Chefapeak bay,
and 16 NNB of Georgetown.
Le<u}iit the largefV, and the mod
northern, of theWeftern idands of Scot-
land. U is about 57 miles in length,
and of oohiidcrable breadth toward the
middle and north end. It lies 20 miles
NNw of the ifle of Skye, and is greatly
interfered by arms of the fea, by which
it may be faid to be divided into five
{leniniulas. The fouthern part, which
s conncAcd by a narrow ifthmus, is
called Harrfs. The country, in ge-
neral, is wild, bleak, nearly barrr
wood, and little fitted for cultivation:
the hills are covered with heath, which
affords flicker for various fort of game.
The crops are oats, bigg, and potatoes ;
and there are many bt- eves atid fliecp.
The lakes and ftreams abound with
falmon, large red trout, &c. and there
are good fiflieries on the vv coaft,
which is annually vifited by millions of
herrings. There are feveral fmall vil-
lages, but Stornaway is the only town.
The promontory at the n extremity of
the ifland is called the Butt of Lewis.
Lon. 6 .^» E, lat. 5O 33 K.
Lewisburgy a town of Pennfylvania,
in Northumberland county, on the w
Itranch of the Sufquehanna, 17 miles
jjNw of Northumberland.
LewisSur^, a town of Virginia, chief
eF Preeobrxer county, on tht: n Tide of
LEY
Greenbrier river* 190 miles wnw of
Richmond. Lon. 81 15 w*lat. j^% iok.
LewijtJivn, a town of Pennfylvania,
chief of Mifllin county, feated on the
Juniatta, 150 miles wnw of PhiladcU
phia. Lon. 78 13 w, lat. 40 35 n.
Lexinf[ton, a town of Kentucky, chief
of Fayette county, and formerly the
capital of the flate. It has four edifices
for public worfliip* a univerfity, and a
large court- houfe. The trade Ia confi-
derable. Near this town are to be feen
curious fepulchres, full of human Ikele-
tons* which are fabricated in a method
totally different from that now prac-
tifed by the Indians. In the m-igh-
bourhood alfo arc the remains of two
ancient fortiflcntions, with ditches and
baftions; one containing about fix acres
of land, and the other nearly three.
Pieces of earthen veflels have alfo been
ploughed up near Lexington ; amanu*
fa«5ture with which the Indians were
never acquainted. Thefe, with the for.
tifications.and the fepulchres, have been
urged as an argument, that this country
was formerly inhabited by- a people
further advanced in the arts of life than
thi.' preient Indians. Lexington Hands
in a fine tra<5t of country, on the head
waters of Elkhorn river, 24 miles esb
of Frankfort, the prefont capital. Lon.
8455 w.lat. 3«5 N.
Lfxingtov, a town of Virginia, chief
of Rockbridge county, fituate near the
N branch of James river, 120 miles w
by N of Richmond. Lon. 79 50 w, lat,
37 55 N-
Lfxingtofiy a town of Maflachuftts*
in Middlefex county, celebrated for
being the place where hoflilities com-
menced between the Britifl) troops and
the Americans, in 1775. It is 10 miles
Nw of Bofton.
Leydeuy a city of S Holland, feated
on the ancient bed of the Rhine, which
here almoft expires in a number of fmalt
channels. It is furrounded by a brick
wall, with eight gates ; and is famous
for the long fiege it fuftained in 1574,
againft the Spaniards, during which
6000 of the inhalv ants died of famine
and peftilence. ^-^ honour of this fiege
a univerfity was founded in 1575, cele-
brated for its colleges, medicinal gar..
den, anatomical theatre, allronomicnl
oVfervatory, and valuable library. The
principal church is a fuperb ftrudture ;
and the old caftle, townhoufe, cuftom-
houfe, and houle for orphans, deferve
notice- Here are excellent manufac-
tures of cloth, ft rge, and cambric ; and
the vicinity produces the bell Dutch
butter andcheefc. U ftands on jo illands,
L I B
a«(lhi«« 145 bridges, the grcateft part
built of freeftone. The inhabitants i(re
(ilimati'd at 50,000. In 18071 the unt>
verlity was almoft deftroyed by the ca-
taftrophe of a vcflel loaded with gun-
powder blowing up> Leyden is four
miles K of the Gcrnnan ocean, and n
sw of Amtlerdam. Lpn. 4 28 s, lat.
r: 8 N.
Leyfa, a town of Bohrmia, in the
circle of Leutmeritz, fcated on the
I'ubietz, 33 miles enr of Leutmcritz-
Leyta, one of th'^ Philippine ifl.'ind8>
about 40 leagues in length, and 95 in
circumference. Its foil, on the e tide,
is very fertile : but there are high moun-
tains that interfeft it nearly in the mid-
dle from E to vv, and occarion fo great
an alteration in the climate, that, when
the inhabitants of one part of the ifland
reap, the others fow; and they have
two plentifil harvefts in the year, to
which the rivers d^fcending from the
mountains not a little contribute. The
illancl contains 9000 inhabitants, who
pay tribute to the Spaniards, in rice,
wax, and quilts. It has a town of the
time name, on the n coaft. Lon. 124
«6 R, lat. 1 1 2* N.
hlamane, a new department of
Francp, including the s part of Corfica.
It has its name from a rtVer which runs
into the fea, 10 miles s of Ajazzo, the
chief town.
Liam-po. See Ning-po.
Libanust mountains of Turkey in
Afia, between Syria and Paleftine, ex-
tending from the Mediterranean fea as
far as Arabia. The fummits of thefe
mountains are always covered with
fnow; but below are very fruitful val-
leys. They were formerly famous for
cedar-trees ; but now fcarcely any re-
main. Geographers diftinguifh them
into Libanus and Anti-Libanus: the
latter lies on the » fide of the valley,
rifing near the ruins of Sidon, and ter-
minates at others in Arabia, in lat. 34.
They are feparated from each other at
an equal diftance throughout, and form
a country, called by the ancients Coclo-
fyria.
Libatta, a town of Guinea, in the
country of Gabon, feated near the
mouth of a river of the fame name, 120
miles Nw of Sette. Lon. 8 54 t, lat.
j8s.
Libau, a town of Courland, on the
Ra' ' % with a harbour tor fmall fliips.
Xhe chief articles of commerce are
hemp and linfoed. It is feated on a
peninfula, 50 miles n of Memel, and
«owofMittau. tun. ai 25 e, lat.
,?6 30 N.
Lie
Lthetiyt X town of Kentuclcy, In Mt*
fon county, with a (hip-jrard, feated on
the Ohio, a mile above Limefton«, and
five miles nne of the town of Waih-
ingtun.
Liberty f a town of Virginia, chief of
Bedford county, )5 miles w by 11 of
New London.
Libertiff IVtsU a town of Virginia,
chief of Ohio county, fl^uate at tbt
head of Short creek, (ix miles from the
Ohio, and 1 2 sw of Pittlburg.
Libourne, a '.own of France, in the
department oir Gironde, at the conBux
of the Iller with the Dordognej 20
miles ENE of Bourdeaux*
Lieh, a town of Germany, In '""tte-
ravia, with a caftle, feated oi vVet«
ter, 21 miles k of Frankfort.
LichfielHt a city of Staffordfliire*
with a market on Tucfday and Satnr*
day. It is a county of itl'elf, and unit-
ed with Coventry forms an epifcopal
fee. It has three parilh-churches, be-
lide the cathedral, which is a beautiful
ItruAure, and walled in like a caftle.
Lichfield is the birthplace of two cele-
brated cotemporaries, Samuel Johnfon
and Davi4 Garriick. It is feated on
both fides of a fmall river, which f <on
afterward joins the Trent, 14 miles sb
of Stafford, and 118 nw of London.
Lon. I 44 w, lat. 52 41 n.
Lichjieldt a town of Connetflicut,
chief of a county of the fame name,
fituate on an elevated plain, 32 miles w
of Hartford, and 42 nnw of Newhaven.
Licbstally or Lubta/len, a town of
SwilTerland, in the canton of BafeU
feated on the Ergetz, feven miles se of
Bafel.
Lic/itenau, a town of Weftphalia, in
the principality of Paderborn, eight
miles ssE of Paderborn.
. Lichtenau, a town of Germany, in
Lower Hefle, 1 2 miles s e of CaiTel.
Llchtenaut a town of Franconia, in
the territory of Nuremberg, with a
fortrefs on the Rezcl, fix miles e of
Anfpach, and 1 7 sw of Nuremberg.
Lichtenberfd a town of France, in the
department of Sarre, lately of Germany,
in the duchy of Deux ?onts, "^s miles
N of Deuj. Ponts.
Lichtenbergt a town of Franconia, in
the principality of Bayrcuth. In the
neighbourhood arc medicinal fpringSy
quarries of marble, and mines of cop-
per and iron. It is feated on the Sclb-
nitz, 18 miles ne of Culmbach.
Lichtenfe'st a town of Franconia, in
the principality of Bamberg, with a
great trade in timber.; feated on the
Maine, t; miles ne of Bamberg.
JLftfitfiiitrijid <i tmvii »>f SMfUPprUndi
capitul of the county uf T«>ckeiiburg,
ft>ute(l on the TUur, zj railcs kse of
Znrich. I<uii. 9 5 f^ )at> 47 16 n.
Lichu-rtjUin, a town of Upper Sax-,
any, in Mifnia, with a caftlr on a moun-
tain* iix mik'8 ne of Zwickau.
Lichterfjortli a town and c.'iftl*' of
I^ollandft in CJddcvland, i; miles LNt
of Zutpbcn.
JAiola, a lake in the kingdom of
Naples, formerly famous for excellent
filb; but, in ij.^^B, an ci/thquakc h>ip-
pcncd; which ch;)nged one part of it
into a mountain of aflx'S, and tlie other
into a movafs. It was anciently known
by the nam^ Lucrino» or the Lucrine
Lake.
Liifa, a town and caftle of Lithuania,
ip the p;iliit.inate of Wjlna, 56 ihil(!8 8
of Wilna. Lun. 25 34 e, lat. <:j 50 n.
LiJJf/t a river of Scotland, in Rox-
bui:;ghj1iire, and the only one in thq
county tha.t flows fouthward. It forms
the boundary with. England, for fire
miles, till it enters the Elk, from Dum-
^icKfliire, three miles abdve Longtowii
in Ciimberlavul.
Lidford, a village in Devonfhire, on*
the river Lid, feven miles n of Taviftock.
It was uuce a borough, with a caitle ;
9nd its pari(h may now compare for
binds ancl libt-rti-is with any in the king-
«Joni, the whole foreft of Dartmoor
being in the verge of it. The bridge is.
ibrown over a part cjf the river that is
pent between two high rucks; and near
it i« a tine cataraA.
Lidiopingt a tf/wn of Sweden, in W
Gothland, on tbc d fide of the lake
Wenncr, at the mt)nth of the Lida, Uo
miles NE of Gotheburg.
Liehenii/ald, a town of Brandenburg,
in the Middle mark, near which the Fi-
now canal begins, that unites the rivers
Oder, Finow, and Havel. It is feated
on the Havel, 25 miles n of Berlin.
Liehenwerda, a town of tlie duchy of
Saxony, with a caftie, feated on the
Elllery 44 miles nnw of Drefden.
Li^enzellt a town of Suabia, in the
duchy of Wirtembcrg, near which is the
bath of Zell. It is 17 miles w by n of
Stutgard.
Lieberose, a town of Lufatia, with a
caftle, feated on the Sprcewald, 20
miles w of (Jubon.
Liehjtadtt a lowji of W Pruflia, witli
5 calUe, 4J miles r by s of Marienburg.
Lii\^et a territory of the Netherlands,
htely a biftiopric, bour.c'cd on the n
by Prabant and Upper Gvldtrland, E
by Limbuif and Juliets, s by I,iixtm-
burg and the Ardennes, and w by
L I E
Haioaitlt, Namur, and Brabant. It ii
fiuitfu* in corn and fruits, and contains
mines of iron, kad» and coal, bcfide
•luarrics of marble. The biihop wu
one of the molt condderable eccle&iki*
cal princes of Germany, and his terri-
tory deemed a part of the circle of
VVedphali.j. But on the fubjugatioii of
the Netherlands by the French, and in
the new divilinn of that country, this
territory forms a part qf the depart-
ments of Ourthe and Lower Meufe.
/J«Vf<'» a ftrong city, hitely the capital
of the bilbopric of that name, and now
the capital of the department of Ourthe.
Here the rr%er Meufe is divided into
three branches, and after pafling
through the city, inider ffvtral bridges,
unite again. Liege is four miles in cir-
LMimference, and has 16 gates: it has
alfo !• large fuburbs, in which and the
city are a great number of churches and
religious boufes. The magnificent ca-
thedral contains many relics; and the
other public ftrut^ures are the caftle,
the |)alace, the council-houfe, the town-
houfe, and tlie arfenal : here is alfo a
famous univerfity, and a convent of
nuns. At this place is made a great
quantity of iire-arms and nails, alfo
cloth, leather, glafn, &c. Liege was
delivered up to the French in 1701 ; the
allies retook it, in 1702, and the French
befieg(>d it again in ^yos, but abandon-
ed the iicge, on the approach ot th«
duke of -Viarlborough. In 1734, afire
happened here, which confumed the
bimop's palace, with all the furniture
and writings. In 1789, the inhabitants
complained of the opprefliun of their
billiop, and indited upon a charter of
privileges; but the biibop not comply*
ing, they had rccourfe to arms: thefe
commotions continued till 1791, When
the Auftrians entered Liege, reftored
the old magiftracy that had been expel-
led, and reinftated the biihop.* In 1792,
the French took the city, and efTcetcd
another revolution ; they were driven
thence in 1791, but entered it again,
after a Jliort relidaiice, in 1794. Liege
is 60 miles wsw of Cologne. Lon. 5
35 E, lat. 5038 N. _ .
LitKtcheou, a city of China, of the
firtt rank, in the province of Qjiang-
tong. Its territories border on the
kingdom of Tonquin, from which it
is li.'parated by inacccffible mountains.
It is feated on the Licn-kiang, which
forms a convenient harbour for bark^
^tS miles wsw of Canton. Lon. loU
40 K, lat. 21 40 N.
Lieu-jLiciif or Leoo-hoot the general
name of 36 iflands lying bttween FojTi
.::|iai^"
ind Brabant. It k
fruits, and contains
l» <tnt] coal, bcfide
The bifljop wag
ndcrable ecck;&ifti>
any, and his terrl-
•t of the circle of
1 the I'ubjugatioi) of
the French, and i»
that country, this
'art of the dopan.
d Lower Meufo.
y, liUdy thf capital
hat name, and now
lartipcntofOurthe.
ift.' is divided into
ind after pafling
ider ffveral bridges,
is four miles in cir-
8 16 gates: it has
I, in which and the
ber of churches and
he magnificent ca-
ny relics; and the
res are the caftlc,
;il-houfc,thctown-
lal : here is aifo a
and a convent of
e is made a great
)s and nails, alfo
ii &c. Liege was
'renchin 1701; the
Dj, and the French
Ijos, but abandon-
approach ot thtt
In 1734, a fire
ch confumed the
all the furiiitnre
39, the inhabitants
pprelfion of their
ipon a charter of
hop not comply-
to arms: thefe
d till 1791, vVhen
Liege, reftored
at had been expel-
bifliop.* In 179%,
ity, and effcttcd
they were driven
entered it again,
in 1 79+. Liege
Cologne. Lon. 5
of China, of the
vince of Qiiaiig-
border on the
from which it
(Tible mountains,
ien-kiang, which
arbour for bark%
iton. Lon. loU
foo, the general
>g between Fitf"?
L I G
moft and Japan. They form a kln^f-
aom, the inhabitants of which are ci-
vilized, and «f a mild, g.iy, affable, and
tcmpfrate dil'poruion. £ach ifland has
a particular name ; the principal one,
tailed Licu-kieu, is 126 miles long and
:» broad, but the others are inconlider-
able. The chivf produAs are fulphur,.
copper, tin, with fltellfi, and mother of
ptarl. The kin^ U tributary to Chi»»a.
Kintching, the capital, in the se part
of Lieu-kicu, is in lon. 1 27 30 e., hit.
26 2 N*
Litre, a town of the Nt^herlands, In
Brabant, wliich has a great trade in
cattle; featcd at the juni^lion of the
Great and Little Nethe, lo miles se of
Antwerp.
Litikenshotckt a fortrefs of the Ne-
therlands! in FInnders, on the f>' fide
of the Scheldt, abovu Fort Lillo, fuven
miles Nw oi- Antwerp.
Lttite, a town of France, in the de--
partment of Aifne, fu'.nous for an image
of the virgin Mary, to which a gri;.'t
number of pilgrims ufed to refoit. It
is fix miles e of Laon.
Liiff'ey, a river of Ireland, which rifes
in the county of VVicklow, runs w
thence into K'ldare, where it has a
cataraA near Leixflip, and then turning
NC pafTes through the county of Dublin,
and by the city of that name, below
which it enters the Irilh fea.
Lig'ordf a borough of Ireland, in the
county of Donegal, (Ituate on the Foyle,
98 miles N E of Donegal.
Ligaac, a town of France, in the de-
partment of {ndre, 1 1 miles SE of Blanc,
and 14 sw of Argentan.
Ligne, a town of the Netherlands, in
Hainault, on the river Dender, 12 miles
Mw of Mons.
Lignerol/es, a town of France, in th«;
department of AUier, four miles s of
Montluzon.
Lignieres, a town of France, in the
department of Cher, with a collegiate
church and a caftle, 24 miles ssw of
Buurges.
Lignitz, a fortified town of Siletia,
capital of a principality of the fame
name. The caftle is furrounded by a
diitindl moat and wall ; and the coun-
cilhoufe, with its public library, is a
(lately edifice. The Lutherans have
two churches. The papifts have the
collegiate church, to which adjoins the
fuperb burial chapel of tfr," princes of
Lignitz and Brieg; they have alfo a
magnificent college and other religious
foundations. Here is a fpacious aca-
tiemy, founded by Jofeph i, for the m-
lirujtion of young gentlemen, of both
LI M
religions, in military exercirei- LignitCt
has a confiderablc trade in cloth and
madder, and itands at the conflux of.
the Katzbach and Schwa^txwatier, 3*
milfs 8 of Glogaw. Lon. j6 16 k, lat.
51 II N.
I'i^ui/» a town of Frtnce, in the de-.
IMrtment of MeMfe, with a ciftle, and Si
collegiate church : feated on the Oraey,
eight miles ^^k of Bar le Ouc.
Ligott a feaport of the peninfuLi of
A^alaya, capital of a kingdom of the.
fame name. 'I'he Dutch have afa^ory
here for tin, rice, and pepper. It is
feated on tlie ke co.id, 150 miles n of
Queda. Lon. 99 25 e, lat. 8 20 u.
Li^ucilt a town of Franci", in the de-
partment of Indre and Loire, S3 miles
sse of Tours.
L/litnt/iaJj A icwn of Lower Saxony,
in the duchy of Bremen, on the ritcr
Warp, 10 miles nkc of Bremen.
LU/e, a (trong city of France, in the
department of Nprd, and one of the
moll commercial towns in France. The
inhabitants are computed to be 60,000.
Its citadel is fiippofed to be theftronged
in Europe, next to that of Turin. The
ftreets and fquares are adorned with
noble buildings, particularly the Great
Square and the Little Square; and
among the public ftru(5lures .ire the
exchange, a magazine of vaft extent,
and a general hofpital. Here arc ma-
nufa(nui'e8 of all for($; but the principal
trade is in camlets. Lille was taken by
the allies, ^fter three months ffege, in
1708 ; but was reftored by the treaty of
Utrecht, in 17 13, in confideration of the
demolition of the fortifications of Dun-
kirk. In 1792, it fultained a feyere
bombardment fn-ren the Auftrians. It
is featcd in a rich and mai'fliy foil, on
the Deule, 14 miles w of Tournay,
and 130 N of Paris. Lon. 3 4 e, lat*
50 38 N.
LUlerSf a town of Frai ce, in the de-
partment of Pas de Caiais, feated on
the Navesc, 17 miles nw of Arras.
Lillo f a fort of the Netherlands, in
Brabant, 01 the e fide of the S<;beldt,
nine miles hhw of Antwerp. It was
taken, in 1793, by the French, who
foon after evacuated it ; but they re-
took it in 1794.
Lima, the principal audience of Peru $
bounded on the n by the audience of
Quito, e by the Andes, s by the audi-
ence of Charca^ and w by the Pacific
ocean.
Lima, the capital of Peru, and an
archbilhop's fee, with a univerfity. In
1534, Pizarro. marching through the
country, was ftruok witii the beauty of
L I M
the extenfive v:illcv of Rim.ic( and
thvrtt una river of the fame namciat the
diitance of fix niilt*i from CalUo, be,
founded a cityi and gavK it the naine of
Ciiidad d^ li>* Kf:yc«, or City of thu
Kingi. This Spanifh name it retains in
all legal deedi, but in better known to
(•reiKiieru by that of J.itnat a corruption
<if the appellation of tht^Arallcy in which
it IB featvd. Lima ii four miles long
and two bmadi and furroundtrd by
brick walls, with ramparts and badions.
The lUceta are handsome and llr^ijiht :
the houfi'8 arc gcnerAlly only one ttor^
high, and the roofv covered with coarle
linen cloth, or only with rredn, becaufe
it never rains here; but the rich inhabit-
ants cover theirs with tine matb,or beau-
tiful cotton cloths; and there are trees
planted round them to keep off the
heat of the fun. What the houfes
want in height they havt; in length and
depth ; for fome of them are 200 feet
long, and proportionably broad, fo
that they have to or i» large apart-
ments on the ground floor. The river
forms canals in the (treets, which run
to moft of the houfes, and ferve to
water the gardens, Hcc 'I'he churches
and convents arc extremely rich ; and
many imagex of the faints are of gold,
adorned with jewels. Here an; feveral
courts, as that of the vici-roy, of the
archbifhop, of the inquifition, of the
crufado, and of the wills. Lima is the
general Itaple of Peru } for all the pro-
vinces remit hither their prodmJts and
manufadtures, and are fupplied bencr
with the ncccflTary comniodilies. The
•wealth »f the provinces is principally
embarked on the fleet* which, at the
time of the galleons, fails from Callao
(the port of Lima) to Panama ; but its
commerce with the other parts of N
and S America is very coniider.ible.
Earthquakes arc frequent, and fome
have done th« city 'much damage;
particularly that in 1746, by which it
was almolt dtftroyetl. I'he inhabitants,
efllmated at ,<;4.ooo, are rich and very
debauched ; yet are «.xtremely fuper-
Ititious, and have a (Irong belief in the
power of charms. Lima is 8jo miles s
by Kof Quito. Lon. 76 49 w, lat. is i s.
LwiaUy a town ot the Netherlands,
in Brabant, feated on theDyle, 13 miles
SE of Brufl'cls.
Limavadjf. See Nnvtown Limavadtf.
Limiifrjf, a late duchy arid province
of the Netherlands, 42 miles long and
:<o broad ; bfeundtd on the n by the
iluchy of Juliers, v. by thnt duchy and
th»? territory of Treves, and s and w by
the territory of Liege. It has good
L I M
arable ground, abounda In a 6ne breed
of cattle, and contains mines of iron
and lead The n part of it belonged
to the Dutch, and the s to the huufe
of Aultria ; but the whole is now fub.
jedt to France, the M part included in
the department of Lower Mcufct and
the 3 in that of Ourthc.
J.imbur^, a town of the Netherlands,
capital ot the late duchy of that name,
with a callle built of marble. Here ii
a manufacture of woollen cloths, and
it is famous for excellent cheefe. Near
it are many quarries of different kinds
of marble, and good mines of calamine
and coal. Limburg was taken by the
allies in 1703, and ceded to Auftria by
the treaty of Baden, but the fortiftca.
tions wer« deftroyed. The French
took pofl'eflion of it in 1794. It is ft.>at.
ed on a mountain, near the river VVezc,
ao miles E of Liege. Lon. 6 3 E, lat.
50 38 N.
Limburgt a town of Germany, in the
territory of Treves, with a tine cathe-
dral. The Auftrians defeated the French
en the heights near this place, iu 1796.
It is feated on the Lahn, a6 miles nw
of Francfort.
Limtt a town in Dorfetfhire. See
Lyme Rfj^ii.
Limekilntt a town of Scotland, in
Fifefhire, on the coaft of the Forth.
It is famous for great lime-works, has
a good tide harbour for fftiall velTels,
and is four miles sw of Dumfermline.
lAntfricky a county of Ireland, in the
provinci- of Munfter, 48 miles long and
13 broad ; bounded on the n by Tip-
pcrary and Clare, from which laft it is
feparated by the Shannon, w by Kerry,
s by Cork, and e by Tipperary. It is
divided into 1 3 e; pariihes, contains about
170,000 inhabitants, and fends three
members to parliament. It is a fertilu
country, though the w parts are moun-
tainous.
Limerickt a city of Ireland, capital of
the county of Limerick, and generally
confideied as the metropolis of the
province? of Munfter. It was formerly
well tortified, and reckoned the fecond
city in the kingdom, but at prefent has
loll its rank ; not becaufe it flourtflies
lefs, but becaufe Cork flouriihes more.
Limerick is a county of itfelf, and a bi-
fliop's Ice with Ardiiert and Aghadoe
united. It ftands partly on an ifland in
the Shannon, .and is divided into the
upper and lower town, united by a
llately bridge. The inhabitants are
eltimated at upward of 40,000, and it
has a market on Wcdnefday and Sa-
turday. The linen, woollen, and paper
Dorfetfhire. See
LI N
manufaAuK* are carried on f^ » great
extent ; and the export of provifioni is
confidcrablC' Befide the cathedral and
other churchei. here are many hof-
pitali* and fome handfome public
Mrudlured. King William wan obliged
to raife the fiege of tbi» citv in 1690 ;
buti in 1 69 1 1 the garrifon rurrvndifred
on a very honorable capitulation. It is
40 miles sitB of Galway, ami 94 witw
of Dublin. Lon. A 54 w, lat. ji a 43 n.
UmtstoHtt or MatftviUtt a town of
Kentucky, In Mafpn county, at the
mouth of Limeftone creek, on t|ie s
Gde of the Ohio. This is the u(Vial
landing-place for people coming down
in boats, who mean to (ettle in the
upper parts of the ftate ; and here the
champaign country on the eaftern (ide
of the river begina. It is four miles n
by E of the town of Walhington, and
500 by the river bdow Pittfburg.
LtmeuiL a town of France, in the de-
partment of Dordogne, on the river
Dordogne, ao miles s of Perigueux.
Limmat, a river of Swiflerland, form-
ed by the jundtion of the Mat and the
Linth ; the former iiruing from the nw
extremity of the lake Wailenftadt, and
the latter flowing from the s. The
Limmat flows nw, paflTes throngh the
. lake of Zurich, and unites with the
Aar, below Baden.
LimHt, or Limfiitet a village in Kent,
three miles sw of Hithe- It was for-
merly a port, till choked up by the fands,
and Its caitle is now converted into a
farmhoufe. llioiigb now a poor place,
it has the horn and mace, and other
tokens left of its ancient grandeur. The
Roman road from Canterbury, called
Staneflreet, ended here.
Limoges, a city of France, capital of
the department of Upper Vienne, and
a biihop's fee. It is a trading place,
and the inhabitants are efttmated at
20|0oo. It is feated on the Vienne, 50
miles NE of Perigueux, and iio E of
Bourdeaux. Loa. i 26 e, lat. 45 50 n.
Limojtn, a late province of France,
bounded on the n by Marche, e by
i^uvergne, s by Quercy, and w by
!erigord and Angoumois. It has fo-
refts of cheftnut trees, and contains
mines of lead, copper, tin, and iron ;
but the principal trade confifts in cattle
and horfes. It now forms tbe depart*
ment of Upper Vienne.
Limoux, a town of France, in the de-
;partment of Aude, with a manufadlure
of cloth ; feated on the Aude, 37 miles
w by > of Narbonne, and 50 se of
Touloufe.
JUacolti, a town of Kvntuckr, in
LI N
Mercer county, on the e fide of Didi
river, a branch of the Kentucky, i»
miles 81 of Danville.
Lintoltit a citv and the capital of
Lincolnfhire, with a market on Friday.
It is feated on the fidf of a Keep biil,
and on the river Witham. which here
divides into three (treams. It had for*
merly 50 churches,, now reduced to it,
befide the cathedral \ and is a bifltop'i
fee, the largeft diocefi; in England. In
1 83 1 tne number of inhabitants waa
7398. The cathedral (lands on the
brow of the hill, and is admired for its
rich and liitht architcAure. The ruin*
of the caftie are venerable pieces of
antiauity ; and the ruins of religioua
boufes are fo nuinerous, that the very
barns, ftables, tuc. are built with arched
doors and windows. Newport Gate,
on tbe N fide of the city, ftill remains,
and is one of the noblt^A remnants of
Roman architL'tflure left in Britain. Upon
the plain, without thisgate, was fought
the famous battle betvi-cen the par-
ti/ans of emprefs M;iud and king
Stephen, in which that prince was
defeated ar. i taken prifoner- Linrola
is a county of itfclf, governed by a
mayor. The chief trade is in coal,
brought by the Trent an<l Foflclike ;
and oats and wool, which are fent by
the Witham- Here is a fmall manu-
fadiite of camlets. It is 3 a miles ne of
Nottingham, and 13 1 n of London.
Lon. o xs w, lat. 53 15 K.
Lwrolmhire, a county of England,' 77
miles long and 45 broad ; bounded on the
N by the Hiimber, which divides it
from Yorkfliire, e by the German
ocean, sk by the Walh and Norfolk, a
by CambridgeOiire an<i Norti^ampton>
(liire, sw by Rutlandihire, and w by
the counties of Leicefter and Netting-
ham. It contains 1,78^,680 acres; r»
divided into 30 hundrt-ds, and 630
pariihes ; has one city and 3 1 market-
towns; and fends 12 members to
parliament. The number of inhal».
tantsin lUoi was 208,557. The coaft
is flat, and at low water may be
feen the fubmarine relics of a forctt,
which is a great natural curiofity. The
principal rivers are the Homber, Trent,
Witham, Welland, and Ancholm. This
county is divided into three diftridSf
caMed Holland, Kefteven, and Lindfey.
The firft, which lies in the sb pait«
confifts of fens and marfhes; fome in a'
ftate of nature, others cut by drains and
canals, and crolTed by cauleways, and
fome kept from eonftant inundations
by vaA banks. The fens, in their native
ftate, produce vaft qmntities of recdst
which nxe annually harveftcd fin- thatch :
the drained parts form excellent pafturc
land) and fonic even yield large cropa
of corn. Prodigious quantities of geefc
are bred in this dirtritt ; and here are
many decoys fur wild dacks» tpa)»
wigeon, and other fowls of the duck
kind. Kctteven contains the w part of
tiiR county, from the middle to the s
extremity : it includes part of the feus ;
but the air is more falubrious than the
diftriit of Holland, and the foil- more
fruitful. Lindfey, the largcft diftrift
and moft elevated pave, includes aU the
county that lies N of Lmco!n. and the
Foffdike, which Henry i cut bt*ween
the Wttham and the Trent. In the i; w
part, the rivers Trent, Done, and Idle
form an ifland, called Axholm, which is
a rich tn&, and produces much flax.
To the NE is a large tra*J^ of healthy
land, called the Wolds, in ^vhich great
flocks of flieep are bred. 1 he cattle of
this county are larger than that of any
other in England, except Somerfetfliire ;
the horfes are alfo excellent, and very
large ; and the (heep are not only of
the largcft breed, but are clothed with
long thick wool, pt^ciiHarly fitted for
the worftcd and coarle woollen ma-
nufaftures.
Lincolntown, Ji town of N Carolina,
ch'ef of Lincoln county, 33 miles e by
s of Morgautown, and 35 w of Sa-
lifbury.
Lindauy a city of Stiabia (lately im-
perial) with a cattle and wall, deemed
to be Roman works. The French took
poffeffion of this city in 1796; and it
became fubjed to Bavaria in 1805. It
is a trading place, feated on an ifland of
the lake of Conttance, joined to the
mainland by a long bridge, aa miles
USE of Conttance, and 75 sw of Augf-
burg. Lon. 9 41 e, lat. 47 3 a n.
Lindau, a town and cattle of Upper
Saxony, in the principality of Anhalt-
Zerbft, five miles n of Zerbft.
Lindau, or Lindoiuy a town of Bran-
denburg, in the Middle mark, five
miles NE of Rlippin.
Lindeness. See Na-e.
Lindenfdst a town of Germany, in
the late pabtinate of the Rhine, 14
imilts NNK of Manheim.
• Lindisfartie. See Holy Island.
Linden, a town of WeftphaHa, in the
principality of Munftnr, capital of a
county of it§ name. Here are churches
fo'.- all the three principal religions, and
a cek'bratf d Calvinift academy. It was
formerly fortified, but is now barely fur-
rounded by a ditch ; am! a little to the
*» of it is a pafr,ig<' over th'.* Ems, ».alh.'d
the I.tngeft Ferry. It is feated on tijs
Ems, 48 miles NNw of Munftcr. Lon.
7 35 E, lat. 52 32 M.
Lht-Aiang, a city of China, of the
firft rank, in the province df Kiang.fi.
It is thinly inhabit(?d ; but is of fome
note, on account of oat of its villages
being the general mart for all the
dru^s fold in the empire. It is feated
on the Yu-ho, 410 miles n by e of Can-
ton. Lon. 1 15 o E, lat. 37 58 n.
Linkopingt a town of Sweden, in E
Gothland, and a bifhop's fee. It is
defended by a cattle, and ftands oit
the river Steng, near the lake Roxeu,
a6 Hiiles w of Nordkoping.
Lmlitlitrotw, a borough of Scotland,
capital of Linlithgowfliire, feated on a
riling ground, overlooking a lake at its
E end. The chief manufadture is leather
and flioes ; the woollen trade and
bleaching bufinefs are alfo carried on.
Here the kings of Scotland had one of
their nobleft palaces, now in ruins;
but the room is ftill Ihown in which
Mary queen of Scots was born. Lin-
lithgow is 17 miles w of Edinburg.
Lon. 3 .-^^ w, lat. 56 o w.
Llnlttligonvshire, or IVest Lothian, a
county of Scotland, so miles long and
1 2 broad ; bounded on the n by the
frith of Forth, se by Edinburgftiire,
sw by Lanerklhire, and nw by Stirling-
iliirc. It is divided into 13 pariihes,
and the number of inhabitants in i8ot
was 17,844. The furface is finely di-
verfified with hill and dale ; and the
chief rivers are the Avon and Amond.
It is fertile in corn and pafture, and
produces coal, iron, limeftone, and
lead.
Linne, a town of France, in the de-
partment of koer, lately of Germany,
in the ele(il(vrate of Cologne ; feated
near the Rhine, 35 miles nnw of Co-
logne.
Linnhe, Loth, an arm of the fea, on
the w coatt of Scotland, which fepa-
rates the counties of Argyle and Inver-
nefs. It extends in a ne direflion
from the found of Mull to Fort William,
where it takes a wefterly dirciStion,
5nd acquires the name of Loch Eil.
Another branch, in an «after!y diredtiorr,
is called Loch Levcn. This lake is
bounded on each fide by lofty mouH'
tains ; the ifland of Lifmore lies at its
entrance, and in it are intcrfperfed
feveral fmaller ones.
Linnich, a town of France, in the
department of Roer, lately of Ger-
many, in the duchy of Juliers; feated
on the river Roer, five milei NWW of
Jiilierfi. :♦ i. ,'3;^''-i.
tip
Ltriesat an ifland in the Mediteita-
tiean, oh the coaft of Tunis, near that
of Laonpedofa- It is la miles in cir-
cumference. Lon. I a 30 E, lat. 56 jo n.
liaselies, a village of the Nether-
lands, in Flanders, five miles n of
Line. Here, in 1794, the French
gained a bloody battle over the allies,
but chiefly the Engliih, commanied by
the duke of York
Lii'icitt a city of China; of the
fecond rank, in the province of Chan-
tong, ft-ated on the great canal. Here
19 an octagonal tower, divided into
tight ftories, the walls of which are
covered on the outfide with porcelain.
It is 187 miles s of Pekir.g. Lon. 115
;jl p., Iat.36 56 N.
Linton, a town in Cambridgclhire,
with a market on Thurfday, i z miles
5t of Cambridge, and 48 n by e of
London.
Lintz, the capital of Upper Auftria,
with two caftlcs, the one upon a hill,
and the other b<;lAw it. Here is a hall,
in which the Itates allcmble, a bridge
over the Danube, and confulerable
woollen manufactures.- The French
became mafters of it in 1741, and again
in 1800. It is featedon the right bank
of the Danube, 96 miles w of Vienna.
Lon. 14 16 £, lat. 4H 21 N
Liutz, a town and citadel of Ger-
many, in the late eledorate of Cologne,
fcated on the Rhine, aj miles sse of
Cologne.
Liparh the largcft and moft fertile of
the Lipari illands, about 15 miles in
circumference. It has not fufTered
from fubterraneous fires for ajjes part,
though it every where bears the marks
of its former volcanic ftate. It abounds
with the currant grape { eotton alfo
grows here; and great quantities of
pumice ate exported. It has a town of
the fame name, which is a hilltop's fee,
and ftands on the se fide of the illand,
sd miles nnf. of Patti, in Sicily. Loti.
15 30 E, lat. 38 is ^f.
Lipar't Islnmfs, a duller of illands in
the Mediterranean, which lie to the n
of Sicily. They are all of volcanic
origin, were feigned to be the relidence
of JEolus and Vulcan, and fortnerly
called iEolian Iflands. They are i a in
number ; and nearly as follows, in the
order of their fize ; Lipari, Stromboli,
Volcano, Salini, Fclicuda, Alicuda,
P.inaria, Volcanello, Vachelufe, Lifca,
Uattolo, and Tila Navi. They produce
great quantities of alum, fulphur, nitre,
cinnabar, anil moft kinds of fruits, par-
ticularly raifins, currant'^, and figs.
lis
Solneof their wines are much eiteeifiedi
particularly the Malvafia.
Lipno, a town of Poland, in the pa-
latinate of Ploczko, 3i miles nnw of
Ploczko.
Lipourecy a town of Poland, in the
palatinate of CracoWi az miles w of
Cracow.
Lippa, a town of Hungary, with «
caftle, feated on a mountain, by the
fiver Maros, a a miles ne of Temefwar.
Lippe, a river of Weftphalia, which
flows w by Paclerborn, Lippftadt, Ham,
and Dorften, and joins the Rhine above
Wefel.
Lippehne, a town of Brandenburg, in
the New mark, 26 miles n of Cuftrin.
Lippipring, a town of Weftphalia, in
the principality of Paderborn, near the
fource of the Lippe, fix miles n of
Paderborn.
Lippstadt, a ftrong town of Weft,
phalia, capital of the county of Lippe.
In 1632, a bloody battle wns fought
here between the Swedes and the
Auftriaus, in which the king of 9wcden
and the Auftrian general were both
killed. In 1757 it was taken by the
French, who kept pofTeflion of it eleven
months. It cai rie« on a good trade in
timber for building veflels on the
Rhine, and ftands oii the river Lippe*
18 miles w of Paderborn. Lon. 8 28
E, lat. 51 41 N.
Lique, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Pas de Calais, i a miles w
of St. Omer.
Liaiteo, Liqtiieux, or LUeo Island j-
See Lieou-kicou.
Lh, a river which rifes in France, in
the department of Pas de Calais, flows
by Aire, St. Venant, and Armentien*s
into Flanders, where it paflTes by
Menin, Courtray, and Deynfe, and
joins the Scheldt, at Ghent. It gives
name to a new department of France,
including the weftern part of Flanders,
of which lirugis is the capital.
Lisbon, the capital of Portugal, and
the fee of a patriarch and an archbiihop,
with a univerfity, and a tribunal of the
inqnifition. It is feated on the n fide
of the Tajo, 10 miles from its inouth,
and built in the form of an amphithea-
trt;, on foven hills, not broad, but fix
miles in length. The city is walled
round, and it has fo increaftfd by de-
grees, particularly toward the weft,
that the old walls now divide the two
dioceles ; the e part under the arch-
bifhop, and the vj under the patriarch.
The harbour will cfjiitain 1000 ftiips in
the great eft fafety, the entrance of
LIS
ivTiich IB defended by two forti; and
tHjfore the entrance to the city is the
fort of Belem. Near this is- a grand
aquedudl* between two hills which
conveys water to a great rcfervoir at
one of the extremities of Lifbon. In
the middle of the city, on one of the
hills, is a citadel, which commands the
whole place. The cathedral, on another
eminence, is ancient and gloomy ; but
the riches of the Portuguefe have ren-
dered it magnificent- It is dedicated
to St. Vincent, who fuffered martyrdom
near the cape, which bears his name.
The royal palace fronts the river ; it is
large and magnificent, and contaitis a
library, coUeded at vaft expence by
John V. In i7©6, pope Clement xi
confecrated a chapel in this palace, as a
patriarchal church, and granted it a
chapter. It is Angularly magnificent*
and here the patriarch, who is generally
a cardinal^ officiates with more pomp
than the pope himfelf. Lifbon was
almoft deflroyed by an earthquake in
1755, but has been handfomely rebuilt.
It contains many beautiful edifices, 40
parifh-churches, 50 cor ents of both
fexes, and about 200,000 inhabitants.
There are publi<i walks, two theatres,
and a circus for the bull-feafts. The
trade is very eonfiderable, and many
foreign merchants, both catholic and
proteflant, refide here ; this city being
the grand magazine of .ill goods brought
from Brafil and other colonies belong-
ing to Porttigal. In December 1807,
this city was entered by the French,
who retained pofleflion till Auguft 1808,
when they evacuated it after the battle
of Vimiera, in which they were defeated
by the Britifh. It is 178 miles w by n
of Seville, and 155 s by w of Madrid.
on. 9 5 w, lat. 38 4J n.
VLhlumt a borough of Ireland, in the
county of Antrim, with manufactures
of linen cloth, mullin, and cambric It
is featcd on the Laggan, eight miles sw
of Bclfaft.
Lisca, or Lisca liianca, one of the
Lipari iflands, three miles sw of Strom-
boli- It is a fm;ill defirt fpot.
Lhteux, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Calvados, and lately an
epifcopal fee. It has a good trsue,
particularly in linen cloth, and isfeated
on the Touquc, i a miles fiom the fca,
and 40 sw of Rouen. Lon. o 14 e, lat.
49 9 "■
Lismpret one of the Hebrides of
Scotland, at the entrance of Loch
Mull, on the coaft of Argylefhire. It
is a fertile ifland, nine miies long and
two broid, aod was anciendy tkc re-
L IT
fidence of the bifhop of Argyle* \
great part of the cathedral remains, and
the chancel is ufed as the parilh church.
Lismarct a borough of Ireland, in
the county of Waterford, and a bilhop's
foe united to Waterford. The cathe.
dral is fpacious and handfoitie, but the
town is now a fmall place. It (lands
6n the Blackwater, 26 miles ne of
Cork, and 3 1 wsw of Waterford.
LisoTiTOi a river which rifes in the
duchy of Camiola, paflTes by Gorz and
Gradifca, crofTes Friuli, between Monte
Falcone and Aquiela, and enters the gulf
of Venice.
Zfj.'a,au ifland in the gulf of Venice,
on the coaft of Dalmatia. Here is a
lifhery of pilchards and anchovies, and
it produces excellent wine. It is 70
miles w of Ragufa. Lon. 17 e, lat.
4252 N.
Liisa., a town of Poland, 'n the pala«
tinate of Pofiian. In 170;, > was laid
wafte by the Ruffians; bi.: it has been
rebuilt, with great iri-provement, and
carries on a great trade. It is 50 miles
w of Kiiliich. Lon. 16 50 e, lat. 5s n.
Lisia, a village of Silelia, on the
Weilliitz, fix' miles nw of Breflau, ce-
lebrated for a great viiftory gained by
the Pruffians over the Auftrians, 101757.
Lithaij, a town of Germany, in Car*
niola, oil the river Save, 15 miles e of
Laubach.
Lithuan '1, a country of Europe, for-
merly governed by its gmnd dukes,
but, in 1569, united to Poland, under
one eleiJlive king. It is 300 miles long
and 250 broad ; bounded on the s by
Volhinia, w by Little Poland, Polachia,
PrufTia, and Samogitia, k by Courland
and Ruffia, and e by Ruflla. The prin-
cipal rivers .are the Dnieper, Dwina,
Nieman, Pripecz, and Bug. It is a flat
country, fertile in corn ; and produces
honey, wood, pitch, and vaft quantities
of wool; alio excellent little horfes,
which are never fliod, their hc.ofs being
very hard. There are vaft forcfts, in
which are bears, wolves, elks, wild oxen,
lynxes, beavers, wild cats, Sccand eagles
and vultures are very common. In the
forefts, large pieces of y(;llovv amber are
frequently dug up. The country fwarms
with Jews, who, though numerous ia
every part of Poland, feem to have fixed
their head quarters in this duchy ; and
this, perhaps, is the only country in
Europe where Jewscultivate the ground.
The pcafants nre in a ftate of the mod
abjedt vaflalage. The nobility arc nu-
merous, fome exceedingly rich, but the
gre.lter part indigent and poor; and
thofc who are in low circumftanccJ
■ Poland, !n the pala-
In 1707, r was laid
ans; bi.: it has been
; iri'prjv«'ment, and
rade. It is 50 miles
. i6 50E,lat.5soN.
: of Sik-lia, on the
8 Nw of Brfflati, ce-
at vi(ftory gained by
be Aultrians, in 1757.
jf Germany, in Car-
Save, ij miles E of
LI V
ferre tbe richer fort as pages, valets,
treafurers, &c. In 1 772, empref* Catha-
rine compelled the Poles to cede to her
all that part of Lithaania bordering
upon Ruflta, and including at leaft one
third of the country. This was erecSted
into the two gbvernments of Polotik and
Mohilef. In 1793, in conjunAion with
the king of Prulfia, Ihe efrcdted another
partition of Poland, in confequence of
which ihe extended her dominion over
aimoft the whole of Lithuania. The
capit^ is WJIna.
Liiiz, a town of Pennfylvania, in
Lancafter county, and a fettlement of
the Moravians, eight miles n of Lan-
cafter, and 66 w by n of Philadelphia.
Litschau, a town and caftle of Aullria,
on the frontiers of Bohemia, 23 miles
NW of Horn.
Littau, a town of Moravia, In the
circle of Olmutz, on the river March,
nine miles nnw of Olmutz.
Livadla, a province of Turkey in
Europe, bounded on the n by Janna,
E by the Archipelago, s by the Morea,
and w by the Mediterranean. It in-
cludes ancient Greece properly fo called,
and its capital is Athens.
Livadia, a town of European Tur-
key, in the province of its name, with a
caftle. It has a trade in wool, corn,
and rice, and is feated.on the gulf of
Lepanto, 68 miles nw of Athens. Lon.
J3 aoE, lat. 38 42 N.
Livenza, a river of Italy, in the ter-
ritory of Venice, which nms on the
confines of Trevifano and FriuH, and
" f nteri the gulf of Venice, between the
muuth of the Piava and the town of
Caorlo.
Lherdufit a town of France, in the
department of Meurte, feated on a
mountain, near the river Mof(rile, eight
miles NE of Toul.
Liverpool^ a borough and feaport of
Eagland, in Lancafliire, with a market
on Saturday. It had but one church,
which was a chapel of cafe to Walton
(a village three miles off) till the year
1699, when an a£t paJfed to make the
town a diftinA parifli<and eredl a new
church; fince which time it has been
gradually advancing in population and
trade. The number of the inhabitants
in 1773 was 341407, in 1790 it was
55i732<andin 1801 nolefsthan 77,653.
Iti rife and increafe was principally
owing to the falt-works : and it is now
become, with refpeft to commerce, the
fecond port in the kingdom. It is
feated on the Merfey, and has an excel*
lent harbour, formed with great labour
and expence } ihips being admitted into
. LI V
tioble wet docks, fecured by flood-gttei
Since the completion of the duke of
Bridgewater's canals, a new dock has
been formed by the duke above tha
town. The trade of IJverpool is ge-
neral ; but the principal branch is the
African and Weft Indian trade. The
American, daltic, and Portugal com-
merce is alfo very great, as well as that
of Ireland ; many fliips are fent to the
Greenland whale-fifliery ; the coafting
trade employs a great number of veflels )
and many good (hips are built here. By
the late inland navigation, Liverpool
has communication with the rivers Dee,
Ribble, Gufe, Trent, Humber, Severn,
and Thames. Its principal manufac-
tures are fine porcelain, earthen ware,
watche^, and ftockings, fome glafs,iron»
fait, and copperas works, many rope-
ries, and upward of fifty breweries.
Here are eight churches and a chapel
for the eftabliflied religion, three ca-
tholic chapels, feveral meeting^houfes,
and a fynagogue ; alfo a handfome ex-
change, a cuftomhoufe, and an extenfive
gaol on the Howardian plan. The
places of amufement are numerous;
and here is a moft complete fet of baths
for fea-bathing. Among the many
charitable foundations are an infirmary,
almflioufes for the widows of mariners
killed or loft at fea, or decayed feamen,
and an afylum for lunatics. Liverpool
is 48 miles s of Lancafter, and 202 nw
of London. Lon. 3 o w, lat. 53 22 ir.
Liverpool^ a town of Nova Scotia,
in Queens counter, with a harbour at
the mouth of a river of its name, 58
miles sw of Halifax. Lon. 64 15 w,
lat. 44 10 N.
LiviagitoHf a towm of New York,
in Columbia county, on the e fide of
the Hudfon, at the influx of a river of
its name, 1 1 miles s of Hudfon.
Livonia, a province of Ruflia, which,
with that of Efthonia, has been recipro-
cally claimed and pofiefled by RuiHa,
Sweden^ and Poland, and, for more
than two centuries, has been a per-
petual fcene of the moft bloody wars.
It was finally wrefted from the Swedes
by Peter the great, was confirmed to the
".uflians by the peace of Nyftadt, in
1 721, and now forms the government
of Riga, or Livonia. It is 250 miles
long and 150 broad ; bounded on the
N by the government of Efthonia, e by
that of Pikof, s by that of Eolotlk and
that of Poland, and w by the gulf of
Livonia. The land is fo fertile in com,
that it is called the granary of the
North ; and it would produce a great
deal more, if it were not fo full of lakes
Cc
1 L A
and forefts* In the forefts are wolves^
bears, elks, raindeer, ftagB, and hares.
The domeftic animals are numerous;
but the flieep bear very bad wool. The
principal articles of export are flax,
hemp, honey, wax, leather, ikins, and
potafh. The capital is Riga.
Livorno- See Leghorn-
Lizard, a pcninfula on the s coall of
Cornwall, and the moft fouthcrn point
of land in England. On it are two
lighthoufes, and the Lizard Point is in
Ion. 5 II w,lat. 49 58 n.
Lizier, St. a town of France, in the
department of Arriege, lately an ejpil-
copal fee. Here is a chapel, which
has beer. f;imous for the reibrt of pil-
grims. It is feated on the Satat, 50
miles SE of Auch. Lon. i 9 E,Iat. 43 o n.
Llansrt/if a town of Wales, in Car-
diganfliire. with a market on Tuefday,
13 miles E by N of Cardigan, and 1*3 w
by N of London.
Llanbeder,A corporal',' town t)f Wales,
in Cardiganfhire, with a market on
Tuefday, ant? a coniiderable traffic in
horfes, cattle, hogs, falted butter, and
tanned and raw hides. It is feated on
the Tyvy, over >vhich is a bridge into
Carmarthenfhire, 23 miles v. of Car-
digan, and 211 w by N of London.
Llandqff, a city of Wales, in Gla-
morgandiire, being an epifcopal fee,
but it is a fmall place, and has no mar-
ket. The cathedral is Angular in not
having a crofs aile. It is feated on the
river TaafFe, two miles wnw of Cardiff,
and 163 w of London.
Llandilovatvr, a town of Wales, in
Carmarthenlhire, with a market on
Tuefday, and a manufacture of flannel.
Near it are the pidurefque remains of
Dinevawr caftle. It is feated on the
fide of a hill, on the river Towy, 13
miles E of Carmarthen, and 205 w by n
of London.
Llandovery, a town of Wales, in
Carmarthenlhire, with a market on
Friday. It has the remains of a caftle,
and is feated near the Towy, 26 miles
KNE of Carmarthen, and 191 w by n of
London.
Llanelly, a town of Wales, in Car-
marthenfhire, with a coniiderable trade
in coal ; feated on a creek of the Briftol
channel, 13 miles sse of Carmarthen,
and 22.Z w by N of London.
Llanft/U'tHt a corporate town of
Wales, in Montgomerylhire, wiih a
market on Tuefday ; feated in a flat,
among hills, near the river Cane, 15
miles N by w of Montgomery, and 186
Nwof LonJon.
Llangadoc, a town of Wales, in Car-
LO A
marthenfhire, with a market on Thurf.
day, 18 miles e by n of Carmarthen,
and 195 w by N of London.
Llangollen, a town of Wales, In
Ocnbighlhire, with a market on Satur-
day. Near it, on a fteep mountain,
are the remains of Caftle Dinas, once a
ftrong placet and abgut two miles
diftant is Valle Crucis, an abbey now
one of the fineft pieces of antiquity re-
maining in Wales. The town ftands
on the Dec, over which is a beautiful
ancient bridge, 1 1 miles j?sw of Wrex-
ham, and 19 J NW of London.
Llnnrnvstt a town of Wales, in Dcn-
bighfhir*?, with a market on Tuefday.
Here are two churches, and the town
is the center of the bufinefs of the vale
of Conway. It is feated on the Con-
way, over which is a bridge into Car-
narvondiire, 1$ miles wsw of Denbigh,
and 226 NW of London.
Llatistephan, a village of Wales, i»
miles ssw of Carmarthen, near the
mouth of the Towy ; noted for the re-
mains of its caftle on the fummit of a
bold hill, whole bafe is waihed by the
fea.
Llantrissenty a corporate town of
Wales, in Glamorganfhire, with a mar-
ket on Friday. It had a caftle, which
is nearly deftroyed. It is 12 miles nw
of Cardiff, and 171 w of London.
Llanydloes, a town "of Wales, in
Montgomerylhire, with a market on
Saturday, feated on the Severn, near its
fource, 18 miles sw of Montgomery,
and 188 WNW of London.
Llaugharn, a town of Wales, in Car-
marthenfhire, with a market on Satur-
day. It ftands at the mouth of the
Towy, where, on a low rock, are the
ruins of an ancient caftle ; and on the
other fide the river are the remains of
that of Llanftephan. Llaugharn is u
miles sw of Carmarthen, and 245 w by
N of London.
Llerena, a town of Spain, in Eftre-
madura, 53 miles b of Cordova, and 54
N of Seville.
Lloret, a town of Spain, in Cata-
lonia, on the SE coaft, 20 miles n e vi
Mataro.
Lo, St. a town of France, in the de-
partment of Manche, with a citadel,
and manufaiflures of ferges, Ihaloons,
ribands, and gold and filver lace ; feat-
ed on the Vire, is miles e of Cou-
tances, and 1 25 w by n of Paris.
Loanda, a town of Congo, capital of
Angola, and a bifhop's fee, with a fort.
It ftands on the Atlantic, and has a
good harbour formed by the ifland of
Loanda, 18 miles in length, lying ^
A
1 a market on Thurf-
»y N of Carmarthen,
f I'Ondon.
town of Wales, In
h a market on Satur-
r» a ftcep mountain,
' Caftle Oinas, once 3
td abQut two miles
Irucis, an abbey now
lieces of antiquity re-
8. The town (lands
which is a beautiful
[ miles flsw of Wrex-
of London,
vn of Wales, in Den-
market on Tuefday.
urches, and the town
le bufinefs of the vale
s feated on the Con-
is a bridge into Car-
iles wsw of Denbigh,
sndon.
village of Wales, 10
'armarthen, near the
ivy; noted for the re-
e on the fummit of a
bafe is wafhcd by the
I corporate town of
rganftiire, with a mar-
It had a caftle, which
d. It is 12 miles nw
I w of London,
town of Wales, in
, with a market on
)n the Severn, near its
sw of Montgomery,
'london.
wn of Wales, in Car-
a market on Satur-
t the mouth of the
a low rock, are the
t caftle ; and on the
r are the remains of
n. Llaugharn is n
rthen, and 245 w hy
of Spain, in Eftre-
of Cordova, and 54
of Spain, in Cata-
>3ft, 20 miles ne uf
If France, in the de-
Ihe, with a citadel,
[of ferges, Ihaloone,
Ind filver lace ; feat-
|a miles k of Cou-
^y N of Paris,
•f Congo, capital of
)'8 fee, with a fort.
Ltlantic, and has a
ted by the ifland of
[in length, lying a
L O C
little off the coaft. The town is large
and handfome, confidcring the country,
containing 3000 houfes, built of flone,
and covered with tiles. Befide thefe,
there are a vaft number of huts made
of ftraw and earth. It belongs to the
Portuguefe, and is 360 miles ssw of
St. Salvador. Lon. 13 15 e, lat. 840 s.
Loango, a kingdom of Congo, bonnd-
ed on the N by Gabon, k and s by
Congo Proper, add w by the Atlantic.
The land is fo fruitful, that it yields
three crops of millet in a year ; and
there arc a great number of trees,
whence palm -wine is drawn. The wo-
men cultivate the ground, fow, and get
in the harveft. The inhabitants are
black, well-made, mild, and tradable.
Loango, the capital of the kingdom
of the lame name, with a harbour, at
thp ...outh of the Quilla. The ftreets
are wide, and lined with palm-trees,
bananas, <ind bacavas. The houfes are
oblong, and have only a ground floor ;
Icparated from each other, and fenced
rnund with a hedge of palm-twigs,
canes, or bulruflu's. In the center of
the city is a large fquare, fronting the
royal palace, which forms another
fquarc, a mile and a half in compafs,
llirrounded by a palifado of ftately
])alm-trees. The principal trade confifts
ill elephants teeth, palm-cloth, copper,
tin, lead, iron, and flaves. It is 230
miles WNW of St. Salvador. Lon. 1 1
45 E, lat. 4 15 s.
Loano, or Lovano, a town of the ter-
ritory of Genoa, near the fea, fix miles
ssw of Finale.
Lobatit a town of W Pruffia, with a
caftle, where the bifhop of Culm refides,
58 miles E by n of Culm.
Lobau, a town of Lufatia, which has
a trade in gray, ftriped, and white linens,
13 miles w of Gorlitz.
Lobenstein, a town of Upper Saxony,
in Voigtland, capital of a lordlhip of
the fame name, with a caftle. Great
quantities of cloth, ftufTs, and yarn, are
made here. It is feated on the Lemnitz,
;j miles nne of Culmbach. Lon. 11
5:e, lat. 50 21 N.
Loloa, a town of Spain, in Eftrema-
dura, feated on the Guadiana, 22 miles
E of Badajoz.
Lobstndt, a town of Upper Saxony,
io Mifnia, lo miles sse of^Leipfic.
Lohurg, a town of Lower Saxony, in
the principality of Magdeburg, 22 miles
E of Magdeburg.
Locana, a town of Piedmont, feated
in a fine valley, on the river Oreo, 25
miles s of Aofta.
Locarno, a town of Italy, capital of a
L O C
bailiwic, lately belonging to the Swifs.
It contains three convents, and a fmall
Francifc^n monaftery, on a rock over-
hanging the valley, and commanding a
view of the lake Magiore. Locarno
was once fituate on the lake, and had a
port capable of receiving large barks ;
at prefent it ftands at the diftance of a
Suarter of a mile, which is owing to
ic accumulation of fand brought down
by the torrent Magia. It is 56 miles
N by w of Milan. Lon. 8 51 e, lat. 46
10 N.
Locco, a town of Naples, in Abruzzo
Citeriore, fituate on the Pt^fcara, le
miles N of Solmona.
Loc/iem, a town of Holland, in Gel-
derland, feated on the Borkel, 10 miles
E of Zutphen.
Loclier Moss, a morafs of Scotland, in
Dumfriesfhire, 12 miles long and three
broad, extending down by Dumfries to
Solway Frith. Here oak, fir, birch, and
hazel trees, alfo anchors, pieces of vef-
fels, &c. have been dug up.
Loc/jej, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Indre and Loire, with a
ftrong caftle on a rock. In the colle-
giate church is the tomb of the cele-
brated Agnes Sorel, miftrefs of Charles
vn, to whofe patriotic exhortations
that monarch owed almoft all his glory.
Lochcs is feated on the Indre, near a
foreft, 15 miles s of Amboife, and 20 st
of Tours.
Lochmaben, a borough of Scotland,
in Dumfriesfhire, with a manufacture
of coarfe linen ; feated on the w fide of
the Annan, 10 miles ene of Dumfries.
Lochrida, or Ocrida, a town of Euro-
pean Turkey, in Albania, and a Greek
archbifhop's fee. It is well fortified,
and feated on a hill, near a lake of its
name, 62 miles se of Durazzo. Lon.,
20 40 E, lat. 41 40 N.
Lochta, a feaport of Sweden, in E
Bothnia, featt^d on a bay of the gulf of
Bothnia, 90 miles s of Tornea. Lon.
24 16 E, lat. 64 20 K.
Lochnvinnoclt, a town of Scotland, in
Renfrewfliire, on a fmall lake of the
fame name, from which iffues the river
Black Cart. It has a confiderable ma-
nufacture of cotton, and is fix miles sw
of Paiflcy.
Lochy, Loch, a lake of Scotland, in
the sw part of Invernefsfliire, 14 miles
long, and from one to two broad.
From the nw the waters of Look Arkck
defcend into this lake. Out of it flows
the river Lochy, which, about a mile
below, receives the Spean, and their
united llrearo enters Loch Eil, at Fort
William.
Cce
LOG
Lotkartsburgt a town of Peunfyl-
vania, in Luzerne county, fituate on
the point formed by the confluence of
the Tioga with the Sufquehanna, 60
miles MNW of VV ilkeibarre.
LockenitZflL town and caftlfl of Bran-
denburg, in the Ucker mark, on the
viver Rando, 10 miles ne of Prenzlo.
Lockerby, a town of Scotland, ir.
Dumfricsmire, with a trade in linen and
lAroollen cloth ; feated near the Annan,
12 miles V. by jt of Dumfries.
Lock, a town of Swiflerland, in an
elevated valley of the fame name, in the
principality of Neuchatel, famous^ for
watchmakers, laceweavers, goldfmitht,
cutlers, iind enamellers. It is nine miles
Nw of Neuchatel.
Loddon, a town in Norfolk, with a
market on Friday, eight miles se of
Norwich, and 112 ke of London.
Lodejartf a diftrift of Italy> in the
duchy of Milan. It is very fertile and
populous, and its cheefes are in high
cfteem. Lodi is the capital.
Lodeve, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Herault, and lately a bi-
fliop's fee. Here are manufactures of
hats and of cloth for the army. It is
feated on the Ldnie, 30 miles w by n
of Montpelier. Lbn. 3 xo e, lat. 43
43 N-
Lodi, a town of Italy, in the Mila-
nefe, capital of the Lode fan, and a bi-
ftnp*8 fee, with a fortrefs. It has ma-
nuf.idures of porcelain, and the Par-
mefan cheefe made here is eileemed the
bea of its kind. The French defeated
the Audrians at this place, in if^ii in
1799, the former were totally defeated
by the Ruffians; but the French re-
gained poflTeffion in i8op- It is feated
on the Adda, 18 miles se of Milan. Lon.
9 a6 E, lat. 45 15 N.
Lodomeria. See Galicla-
Loffirtgetit a town of Suabia, In the
lordfliip of Furftenberg, with a medi-
cinal bath, fix miles wsw of FurileriT
berg.
Lofsta, a town of Sweden, in the
province of Upland, with a hammer-
mill, eight forgeb, and a fmelting fur-
nace. Thele works were deftroyed by
the Ruffians, in 1719, but have fince
been again ereded. It is 32 miles n of
Upfal.
Logierait, a town of Scotland, in
Perthfliire, noted for its diftillation of
wliiiky, fcattd 1-41 the Tummcl, 22 miles
NNVV of Ptilh.
Logrom, a tovvn of Spain, in Old
Caltiie, feated on the Ebro, in a coun-
try al)oiindinK with excellent frujts and
good wineii, 62 miles £ of Burgos, and
LQ M
X5 J H N E of Madrid. Lon. % «» w, Ut.
42 22 N.
Loheiot a town of Arabia, in Yemen,
on the coaft of the Red fea. It hat a
great trade in coffee, brought from the
neighbouring hills; and another hill af.
fords a confiderable quantity of mineral
fait. It has no harbour, and the fmall<
eft veffiils are obliged to anchor at a
great diftance from the town. It is 180
miles nnW of Mocha. Lon. 42 56 c,
lat- 15 4a N.
Loja. See Loxa.
Loir and Cher, a department of France,
including the late province of Elaifois,
It takoK^ its name from the rivers Loir
and Cher ^ the firft of which joins the
Sartc, above Angers ; and the laft runs
into the Loire, 10 miles below Tours.
Blois is the capital.
LolrCi the principal river of France,
which rifes in the mountains of the Ce«
vcnnes, in Languedoc It begins to be
navigable at Roanne, pafl*es by Neverg,
Orleans, Blois, Tours, Saumur, and
Nantes, and enters the bay of Bifcay, at
Paiiiboeuf.
Loire, a department of France, con.
taining the late province of Forez. It
has^ its name fi-om the river Loire,
which flrws N through its whole length.
Montbrifon is the capital.
Loire, X.o<u;«r, a department of France,
containing part of the late province of
Bretagne. It has its name from the
river Loire, which croflfes it, and then
enters the bay of Bifcay. Nantes is the
capital.
Loire, Upper, a department of France,
late the prt)vince of Velay. It takes
its name from the riyer Loire, which
rifes near its s boundary. Puy is the
capital.
Loirett a department of France, late
the province of Orleanois. It has its
name from a fmall river that runs ints
the Loire. Orleans is the capital.
Loitz, a town of Hhher Pomerania,
with a caftl^, feated on the Peene, u
miles sw of Gripfwald.
Loldongy a town and fortrefs of Hin-
dooftan, on the ne border of the pro-
vince of Delhi, and on the river Patte-
reah, eight miles above its conRux with
the Ganges, and 100 nne of Delhi.
Lon. 78 38 E, lat. 29 47 N.
Lombardvy a part of Italy, which
comprehended almoft all the ancient
Cifalpine Gaul. See itab'
Lombez, a town of France, in the
department of Gers, and lately a bi-
fhop's fee. It is feated on the Save, aj
miles SE of Auch, and 27 sw of Tou-
iQufe.
I. M
. Lon. 4 3ow,lat.
P Arabia, in Yemen,
Red fea. It hat a
:, brought from the
and another hill af>
' quantity of mineral
hour, and the fmall-
ged to anchor at a
the town. ItisiBo
:ha. Lon. 4a 56 e.
epartment of France,
province of Elaifois.
rirom the rivers Loir
i of which joins the
rs ; and the laft runs
miles below Tours.
•
ipal river of France,
mountains of the Ce*
loc. It begins to be
ne, palTes by Nevers,
rours, Saumur, and
ithebayofBifcay,at
nent of France, con.
■ovince of Forez. It
im the river Loire,
:ugh its whole lengtli.
capital.
department of France,
' the late province of
its name from the
1 crolTea it» and then
ifcay. Nantes is the
epartraent of France,
of Velay. It talceg
river Loire, which
)undary. Puy is the
ment of France, late
Irleanois. It has its
1 river that runs intd
is is the capital.
Hither Pomerania,
d on the Feene,ii
.aid.
and fortrefs of Hin-
border of the pro-
. on the river Patte-
jove its conflux with
lioo NNS of Delhi.
9 47 N.
irt of Italy, which
oft all the ancient
e Itah»
of France, in the
s, and lately a bi-
led on the Save, ti
nd 87 sw of Tou-
Imhoeki an ifland of the E Indies,
between Bali .^nd Cumbava, 40 miles
long und ao broad. It is cl.iefly inha-
bited by Gentoos, and on the e fide is
a town called Bally. Lon. 116 10 e,
lat. 8 36 s.
Lomond, Ben. See Benlomond.
Lomond, Loth, a lake of Scotland, in
Dumbartonflitre, ao miles long and
fix)m one to feven wide. It ontains 33
iflands; feveral of which are inhabited,
and adorned with antique ruins, con-
cealed among ancient yews ; and others
rife into high rocky cliffs, the habitation
of tHe olprcy. On the e fide is the
lofty mountain Benlomond ; and the
river Leven iflues from its s extremity.
Lonato, a town of Italy, in the Bref-
ciano, 12 miles ese of Brefcia.
Loncarty, a town of Scotland, in
Perthfliirc. fignalir.ed by the great vic-
tory obt.'jined by the Scots over the
Danes in 970. It has entenfive bkach-
injr grounds, and is featcd near the Tay,
jive miles n of Perth.
London, the metropolis of Great Bri-
tain, one of the largeft and moft opu-
lent cities in the world, mentioned by
Tacitus as a conlldcrable commercial
place in the reign of Nero. In its moft
exteofive view, as th^ metropolis, it con-
firts of the City, properly fo called, the
city of Weftminfter, and the borough of
Smithwark, bcfide the fuburbs in Mid-
dlefex and Swrry, within what are called
the Bills of Mortality. London and
Weftminfter are in Middlefex, on the n
fide of the river Thames ; and South-
wark is on the oppofite bank, in Surry.
The extent of the wholes from Lime-
houfe and Deptford to JMiibank and
Vauihall, is above feven miles ; but the
greateft breadth dots not exceed three.
Th^ city is divided into a6 wards, each
governed by an alderman ; and from the
aldermen, the lord mayor is annually
chofen. There are likewife 436 cdmmon-
councilmen, a recorder, a common-fer-
jeant, two (heriffs (who are alfo fheriffs
of Middlefex) a chamberlain, a town-
clerk, a city-remembrancer, a water-bai-
liff, and many inferior officers. Weft-
minfter, once a mile from London, but
now united to it, i« governed by a high
ftfward, who is generally a nobleman,
cliofen by the dean and chapter, and he
bag an under fteward who officiates for
him. Next to him is the high bailiff,
chofeo alfo by the dean and chapter ;
whofe power refembles that of a ftieriff.
The fuburbs are under the jurifdiftion of
the magiftrate«; »nd thofe of Middlefex,
heBde the county-hall on Clerkenwell
Oreen, have an office in Bowftreet,
I. O N
long diftinguiffied for public fpirit and
activity, and feven other public offices.
Southwark was long independent of
London, but Edward iii granted it to
the city. It was then called the village
of Southwai*! ; and afterward named thf!
bailiwic. In tlie reign of Edward vi
it was formed into a twenty-fixth ward«
by the name of Bridge Ward Without.
On the death of the alderman of this
ward, he is fucceeded by the next in
feniority, to whatever ward he may be-
long ; this ward being confidered as a
finecure, and confequently the moft
proper for "the father of the city."'
The city has likewife a high bailiff and
fteward here. Among the churches in
the metropolis, . \.z catbedral of St. Paul
is the moft confpicuous, and' a noble
fabric. It is now deftined to be the
receptacle of the monuments of fuch
illuftriou»men,a»maydohonourtotheir
country bytheir talents and their virtues;
feveral are already erefted ; the firft, for
that great philanthropift Mr. John How-
ard. Weftminfter Abbey, the collegiate
church t)f St. Peter, is a noble fpeci-
men of Gothic architedure. Here moft
of the Englifh fo^grcigns have been
crowned, and manyibf them interred.
It contains alfo a great number of mo-
numents of kings, ftatefmen, herces»
poets, and perfons diftinguifhed by ge-
nius, learning, and fciencc. The chapel
of . Henry vii, adjoining, Leland callir
The Wonder of the World. St. Ste-
phen'8,inWa/brook,isachurchofexqui-
fite interior beauty, the mafterpiece oif
fir Chriftopher Wren. Bow Church, in
Cheapfide ; St. Bride's, in Fleet-ftreet ;
and St. Martin's in the Fields ; .ire among
the otherchurches moft diftinguifhed for
fine architefture. The parifh churches,
in the bills of mortality, amount to
146; namely, 97 within the walls, 16
without the wall, 23 out pariflies In
Middlefex .ind Surry, and 10 in the city
and liberties of Weftminfter. Befide
thefe churches, is one belonging to the
Temple, a celebrated feat of law. It
was founded by the Knights Templars,
in the reign of Henr}' 1 1 , upon the model
of that of the Holy Sepulchre, at Jeru*
falem. There are likewife a great num-
ber of chapels for the eftablilhed church,
foreign proteftant churches, Roman ca-
tholic chapels, meetings for difTentera
of all perfuafions, and three fynagoguea
for the Jews. The royal pa:<«ce of St.
James is an ancient building, on the N
fide of a fmall park ; it is mean in ex*
temal appearance, but the apartment*
are faid to be the beft calculated fdr
regal parade of any in Europe. The
I ■
M
LO N
royal town refldence is a houfe at the
w fulc of St. James' parh, built by the
A'uke of Biickinglum, and pnrchafed by
the king in 1761, when it n-ccived the
appellation of th«' Qnfi-n's P.ilace, but
is flill frequently callcil Buckingham
Houfe. Ciirltr)n Iloufe, the reiidence of
the prince of Wales, to the K of St.
James' palace, is a flatcly building, on
which vaft fum.i have i>een expended.
The Banqueting Houfe, at Whitehall,
begun in 16 19. is only a fmall part of
the vaft plan ofap.ilnce, intended to be
worthy of the refidence of the JritiJh
monarchs, but left incomph'te. Befide
the royal palaces, there are many fine
houfesof the princes of the blood, and
of the nobility and gentry. Among the
public buildings, which can merely be
enumerated here, are Wellminfter Hall,
containing the fupreme courts of juftice;
and adjoining to which are the houfes
of lords and commons ; the Guild-hall
of the city; the Seifions Houfe; the
Tower, an ancient fortrefs, in which are
fome pullic offices, a magazine and ar-
fenal, the regalia of the kingdom, the
mint, and amenagerie; the Hoife Guards,
the Treafury, :tnd the Admiralty, at
Whitehall ; the noble coUedtion of pub-
lic offices which form that magnificent
ftrufture called Somer'»^t Place ; the
firitiih Mufeum; the Royal Exchange;
the Bank of England ; the Cuftomhoufe ;
the Excife Office; the Eaft India Houfe ;
the South Sea Houfe; the Manfion
Houfe, for the lord mayor ; the Monu-
ment, in commemoration of the great
fire in 1666 ; the ancient bridge, called
London bridge ; and the two magnifi-
cent modern bridges, of Black-friars and
Weftminfter. The inns of court for the
ftudy of the law ; the colleges, learned
focietics, and public feminaries; the
halls of the diflercr.t trading companies ;
the noble hofpitals and other charitable
inftitutions; the public places of diver-
fion ; with its fine fquares and ftreets,
are all too numerous to be here parti-
cularly mentioned. Such, on a curfory
view of it, is the metropolis of Great
Btrtain, to the extent and opulence of
which many caufes have contributed.
From the opennefs of the country round,
efperially on the London fide, and a gra-
vel^y foil, it is kept tolerably dry in all
feafons, and affords no lodgement for
ftagnant air or water. Its cleanlinefs, as
well as its fupply of water, are greatly
aided by its fituation on the banks of
the Thames ; and the New River, with
many good fpring.s within the city itfelf,
further conlributes to the abundance of
that neceHary element. All thefe are
ION
advatJtages, with refpedt tb healthy in
which this metropolis is exceeded' by
few. With regard to the circumftancc
of navigation, it is fo placed on the
Thames, and has fitch «;xtcn!-.»c '."ft
docks, aa to iJofTfl's ever/ idvantajrc
th.tt can he derived from a fciport,
without itc dangt.'rs ; and at the t>me
time, by means of its noble river, etijo-s
a very extei'iive communication with
the internal parts of the country, which
fupply it with all forts of neceflsneg,
and, in return, receive from it fuch
commodities as they require. London
is the feat of many confiderable manu-
fadVures ; fome almoft peculiar to itftif,
others in which it participates with the
manufacturing towns in general. The
moft important of its peculiar manufac-
tures is the filk-we.iving, cftabii/hed in
Spitalfields by refugees from France; a
variety of works in gold, filver, and jew-
ellery ; the engraving of mapsand prints;
and the n.. iking of optical and mathc
matical inftrumcnts. The porter-brew-
ery, a bufiness of very great extent, is
alfo chiefly carried on in London. To
its port are likewife confined fome
branches of foreign commerce, as the
vaft E India trade, and thofe to Turkey
and Hudfon bay. Thus London has
rifen to its prefent rank of the firft city
in Europe, with refped to opulence;
and nearly, if not entirely fo, as to num-
ber of inhabitants. By the enumeration
in 1801, the refidents in London, Weit-
minfter, and Southwark, and all the out
pariflies, were 885,577. London is a
biffiop's fee, and fends four members to
parliament. To enumerate all the events
by which this great capital has been (iif-
tinguiffied, would greatly exceed our
limits; we ftiall only mention, therefore,
the great plague, in 1665, which cut off
68,596 people, and the dreadful confla-
gration, in 1666, by which the cathedral
and many other churches, with 13,800
houfes, were dcftroyed. I^ondon is »io
miles NNW of Paris, and 300 ese of
Dublin. Lon. o 5 w, lat. 51 31 n.
London, New, a feaport of Connodi-
cut, capital of New London comity,
with the boft harbour in the ftate, de-
fended by two forts, A confiderable
part of the town was burnt by Bencdidl
Arnold iu 1781, but has been rebuilt.
It has a confiderable trade to theW
Indies, and is feated on the Thames,
near its entrance into Long Ifland found,
54 milf-s E by N of Newhavcn. Lon.
72 10 w, lat. 41 25 N,
T. on Jon, New, a townof Virgini^.chicf
of Bedford county, 1 10 miles w by s of
Richmond. Lon. 79 45 w> lat. 37 jo n.
-• iBUf.^^.. .
N
rcfpeft t6 healthi in
polis is exceeded by
i to tlie circumftancc
is fo placed on tlie
1 fnch exten<-»c •,<'ot
r«-is I'vrry ulv.tntajfc
vfd from a fcsport,
rs ; and at the l>mf
its noble river, ejijn-s
communication wiih
■)f the coimtry, which
forts of necKfr^t-ieg,
■ecetve from it fuch
ley require. London
y confidcrable manu-
fioft peculiar to itftif,
participates with the
vn» in general. The
its peculiar manufac-
eaving, cftabliflied in
igeesfrom France; a
I gold, filver, and jew-
ig of maps and prints;
f optical and mathe-
s. The porter-brew-
very great extent, is
on in London. To
swife confined feme
;n commerce, as the
and thofe to Turkey
Thus London has
rank of the firft city
refpcd to opulence;
entirely fo, as to num-
By the enumeration
Its in London, Weft-
wark, and all the out
577. London is a
ds four members to
imerate all the events
capital has been diC-
grtatly exceed our
mention, therefore,
1665, which cut off
the dreadful confla-
which the cathedral
urches, with 1.1,200
yed. London is 4 10
ris, and ,300 ese of
w, lat. 51 31 N.
feaport of Connefli-
w London couiity,
>ur ivi the ftate, de-
ls. A coiifiderablf
IS burnt by Bencdift
ut has been rebuilt,
lie trade to the W
:d on the Thames,
> Long Idand found,
fNewhavcn. Lon.
jwn of Virginia, chief
no miles w by sof
J 45 w, lat. 27 20 N.
LON
Lon Jon Jerry, a county of Ireland, in
the province of Ulfter, 34 miles long
and 30 broad ; bounded on the w by
Donegal, n by the ocean, s and srw by
Tyrone, and e by Antrim. It contains
about 1 2 j. 000 inhabitants, is divided
into 3 1 parithee, and fends four mem-
bers to parliament. It is a fruitful
champaign country; and the greater
part of it was given by James i to an
incorporated company of London mer-
chants. The linen manufa^ure flouriihcs
throuf;a every part of the county.
LofJonderry, a city and feaport of
Ireland, capital of a county of the fame
name, and a billiop's fee. It is fur-
rounded by walls, and celebrated for
a long fiege it fuftained againft James 1 1,
in 1689. The principal commerce is
with America and the W Indies- It
contains 10.000 inhabitants, and isfeat-
cd on the river Foylc, over which is a
wooden bridge, 1068 feet in length.
Londonderry is four 'niles s of Lough
Foyle, and 104 nw of Dublin. Lon.
7SW, lat. 55 4 N.
Londonderry, a town of New Hamp-
{hire, in Rockingham county, with a
manufa<Sure_ of linen cloth and thread,
feated near the head of Beaver river,
which runs into the Merrimac, 38 miles
ssw ofPortfmouth.
Long, Loch, an arm of the fea in Scot-
land, which, from the frith of Clyde,
extends 20 miles n between the coun-
ties of Dumbarton and Argyle. It is
from one to two miles in breadth; and
near the middle, on the Argyle fide,
it fends.oif a fmall branch called Loch
Goil.
Long Island, an ifland of the ftate of
New York, feparated from Connecti-
cut, by Long Ifland found. It extends
from the city of New York e 140 miles,
but is not more than 10 broad on a me-
dium ; and Ls divided into three coufi*
ties, Kings, Queens, and Suftblk, which
in 1790 contained 41,782 inhabitants,
of whom 4839 were flaves. Hence are
exported to the W Indies, &c. whale-
oil, pitch, pine-boards, horfes, cattle,
flax-feed, beef, &c. The produce of
the middle and weftern parts oftheifland,
particularly com, is carried to New
York.
Long Island Sound, a kind of ftrait in
N America, from three to 35 miles
broad and 140 long, extending the
whole length of Long Ifland, and divid-
ing it from Connedlicut. It communi-
cates with the Atlantic at both ends of
the idand.
Long Lake. See Rain Lake.
Lonsara, a town of Naples, in Cala-
LOO
bria Ultcriore, 20 miles wnw of St- Se-
verio.
Longford, a county of Ireland, in the
province of Leinfter. 25 miles long and
16 broad ; b.>unded on the nw by Lei>
trim, N R by Cavan, e and s by W Meath,
and w by the river Shannon, which parts
it from Kofcommon. It is divided into.
24 pariihes, contains 50,000 inhabitants,
and fends two members to parliament.
It is a fertile and pleafant country, in
gener.'il flat, but toward the n mouo-
tainous.
Longford, a borough of Ireland, ca-
pital of a county of the fame name.
Much linen is manufadured in the town
and neighbourhood , and great quantities
of flax fent to other parts- It is feated
on the Cammin, 70 miles wkw of Dub-
lin. Lon. 7 40 w, lat. 53 48 N.
Longforgan, a town of Scotland, in
the SK corner of Perthfliire, on the frith
of Tay, four miles w by s of Dundee
Lon^nan, a city of China of the firft
rank, in the province of Se-tchuen. Its
diftritft contains feveral forts, formerly
of great ufe to prevent the invadons of
the Tartars. It ftands on the river
Mouqua, 7 10 miles sw of Peking. Lon.
104 18 E, lat. 32 22 M.
Languor, a town in Staifordfliire, with
a market on Tuefday, feated near the
river Dove, 31 miles n by £ of Stafford,
and 161 NNw of London.
Longtoiun, a town in Cumberland,
with a market on Thurfday, and manu-
fadures c*' muflin ; feated on the Efk,
1 2 miles N of Carlifle, and 307 nnw of
London.
Longueville, a town of France* in the
department of Lower Seine, 23 miles n
of Rouen.
Longuion, a town of France, in the
department of Mofelle. Here is a con*
fiderable iron-forge and cannon founde-
ry. It is 10 miles sw of Longwy, and
36NwofMetz-
I^ongvjy, a town of France, in the
department of Mofelle, with a caftle.
It is divided into the old and new town^
the latter of which is fortified. It was
taken by the Audrians in 1792, but r.e*'
taken two months after. It is feated on
an eminence, on the river Chiers, 36
miles NNW of Metz, and 160 ene of
Paris. Lon. 5 44 e, lat. 49 32 N.
Lons le Saunter, a town of France,
capital of the department of Jura, with
a late abbey of noble Bernardines. It
derives its name from the fait fprijigs
in its vicinity, and is feated on the Sol-
van, 30 miles ssw of Dole. Lon. 5 30
E, lat- 46 37 N.
Lgot a town of iJolUnd, m Odder-
LOR
land, with a fine palace, i8 milei k of
Arnhcita.
Looe, East and fVejtt two decayed
borougha in Cornwall, feparated by a
crecLi over which is a narrow ftone
bridge. Thcv are fupported chiefly by
the pilchurd fiftery, and fend together
as many members to parliament as Lon-
don- The market, held at £a(l Looe,
is on Huturday. They are 16 miles w
of Plymouth, and 33 1 w by s of Lon-
<)jn.
Lookout, Ca/>e, a cape of N Carolina,
8 of Cape Hatteras, and oppofite Core
Sound. Lon. 76 48 w, lat. 34 %» t^'
Look, a town of the Netherlands, in
the territory of Liege, 17 miles w by
s of Maeftricht.
Lopatkc, Capet the s extremity of
Kamtfchatka. Lon. 156 45 ^i lat. 51
O »• See Kuriks.
Lopetrot 1 town of Naples, in Abruz-
zo Ulteriore, 19 miles sw of Aquila.
Lof>o Gonsalve, Cape, a long and nar-
row peniriTuU on the coaft of Guinea,
low, fiat, and covered with trees. It
affords a good harbour, and near the
cape is a village, where provilions are
plentiful. Lon. 9 30 E, lat. o 45 a.
l.ora, a town of Spain, in Andalufia,
on the river Guadalquiver» a8 miles ne
of Seville.
Xora, a town of Upper Saxony, in
the county of Hohenftein, 18 miles nne
of Mulliauff n.
Lorktu, a town of the kingdom of
Tunis, with acaftle, and fine remains of
antiquity- It is feated in a plain, fertile
in corr, 150 miles sw of Tunis. Lon.
9 o B, lat. aS 35 N.
Lorca, a town of Spain, in Murcia,
feated on an eminence, near the tiver
Guadalantia, 50 miles w of Cartha*
geoa.
Lord Howe Group, an extenfive group
of iflands in th; Pacific ocean, difcp-
vered, in 179 r, hy captain Hunter, who
diAinAly defcried 3 a of them, foire of
confiderable «extent. They appeared
thickly covered with wood, araong
XK'hich the cotoa-nut was very diftii?-
guiibable. Nine of the natives came
near the fliip, in a canoe, wliich was
about 40 tetit long, badly made, and
had an outrigger. They were a ftout,
clean, well-made people, of a dark
copper colour ; their hair tied in a knot
on the back of the head ; and they ap-
pear as if clean fhaved. They had an
ornament confiding of a number of
fringes, Uke an artificial beard, which
was faftened clofe under the nofe ; and
to this beard hung a row of teeth, which
gav^ them the appearance of havirjf a
LOR
mouth lower than their natural on«.
They had holes run through the fidesof
the nofe. into which, as well as through
the feptum, were thruft pieces of reed
or bone. The arms and thighs were
tattowed, and fome were painted witii
red and white flreaks. They woit a
wrapper round their middle. Lon.
from 159 14 to 159 37 E, lat- 5 30 $.
Lord Howe Island, an iiland in the
Pacific ocean, difcovered. in 1788, by
lieutenant King. Many excellent tur*
tie have beer caught here on a fandy
beach; and it abounds with a variety of
birds* which were To unaccuftomed to
be dilturbed, that the feamen went near
enough to knock them down with a
flick. At its s end are two high <noun<
tains, nearly perpendicular from the fea ;
the fouthernmoft named Mount Cower.
About 14 miles to the s is a remarkable
rock, named Ball's Pyramid, which had
much the appearance of a fteeple at a
diftance. The iiland is three miles and
a half long, and very narrow. Lon. 159
o E, lat. 31 36 N.
Laredo, a town of Italy, in Polefmo
di Rovigo, feated on the Adige, £omil?)
E of Rovigo.
Loreto, a fortified town of Italy, in
the marquifatc of Anconia, and a bi-
fhop's fee. The cathedral contains the
Cafa Santa, or Holy Houfe, in which it
is pretended the virgin Mary lived at
Nazareth- According to the legend, it
was carried by angels from Galilee into
Dalmatia, and thence to the place
where it t.ow (lands. This houfe or
chapel is 31 feet long, 15 broad, and 18
high ; the inner part very old; but cafed
with marble on the outfidc. The fa-
mous lady of Loreto, who holds the in-
fant Jefus in her arms, ftands upon the
principal altar, in a nich of iilver: this
ftatueis of cedar wood, three feet high j
but her face can hardly be fecn, on ac-
count of the numerous gold and iilver
lamps around her. 'She is clothed with
cloth of gold, fet off with jewels; and
the little Jefus is covered with a ihirt,
holds a globe in his hand, and is adori^-
ed with rich jewels. Great numbers
frequently go in pilgrimage to Loreto,
and every pilgrim, after having perform-
ed his devotion, makes the Virgin a
prefent ; that the treafury of this chapel
18 immcnfely rich. The inhabitants of
the town fubfift principally by agricul*
ture and gardening, and many of them
are {hoemakern, tailors, and fellers of
chaplets. Loreto was taken by the
French in 1796, who retained pofTeffion
of it till 1799. It is feated on a moun-
tain, three miles from the gulf of Ve«
.O R
in their natural on*.
an through the fidea of
ch, 38 well as through
I thruft pieces of reed
rtns and thigha were
me were painted with
reaks. They wore a
their middle. Lon.
)9 37 E, lat. 5 30 s.
land, an iilandintlie
fcovered, in 1788, by
Many excellent tur-
light here on a fandy
unda with a variety of
fc fo unaccuftomed to
the feamun went near
them down with a
I are two high inoun-
ndicular from the fea;
lamed Mount Gower.
the s 18 a remarkable
I Pyramid, which had
mce of a fteeple at a
md is three miles and
•y narrow. Lon. 159
LOU
iiice» IS •* of Ancona, and iia Hi: of
Rome. Lon. 1J38 k, lat. 43 a; n.
Ltrguts, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Var, feated on the Argens,
16 milei w of Frejus.
Ijorraeh, a town of Suabia, in the
Brifgaut fix miles nk of Bafel, and 30 s
ofFriburg.
Lorraiitt a Idte province of France,
100 miles long and 7^ broad; bounded
on the N by Luxemburg and TreveR, e
by AlTace and Deux-Ponts, s by Franche
Comt<, and w by Ch-impagne and Bar.
Itai>ounds in all fous of com, wine»
hemp, flax, and rape-feed. There arc
line meadows and large forefts, with
mines of iron, fllver, and copper, and
ikit-pits. The principal rivers are the
Maefe, Moielle, Seille, Meurte, and
Sare. This province now forms the
departments of McurtCi Mofelle, and
Vofges.
Lorris, a town of France, in the de«
partment of Loiret, la mile* oW of
Montargis, and 30 £ of Orleans.
Lossiemeutht a town of Scotland, in
Murrayfhire, at the iDouth of the river
LofTie, five miles ne of Elgin, of which
it is the port' The harbour wi'I re>
ceivi: veflels of 80 tons, and hence much
corn it exported.
Lot, a river of France, which lifes in
the department of Lozere, pa0cs by
Mende, Cahor9» and Agen, and enters
the Garonne. It begins to be navigable
at Cahors.
Lot, a department of France, includ-
ing the late province of Quercy. It
takes its name from the riverXot. Ca-
hors is the capital.
Lot and Garonne, a department of
France, including part of the late pro-
vince of Guienne. It is fo called from
two rivers- Agen is the capital.
Lothian, a diftrit^ of Scotland, now
divided into Eail, Mid, and Wed Lo-
thian, or Haddingtonshire, Edinburg-
shire, and Linlithgoiojhirff.
Lotzin, a town of PrufHa, with a
caftle, fituate on a canal which joins the
Angerburg and Leventin lakes, 78 miles
SK of Konigfbttrg.
Loudeac, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Cotes duNord, with au iron
forge and a manufacture of threadi ao
miles s of St. Brieux.
Loudun, aiovrn of France, in the de-
partment of Vienne, feated on an emi-
nence, 30 miles Kw of Poitiers, and 155
sw of Paris.
Loughborough, a town in Leicefler-
Aire, with a market on Thurfday. It
>i8 a large church, with, a handfome
tower, and four mceting-houfes. The
chief maoufaifturcs arc wool-conabiog
1 o u
and hoUery; and it has a trade in c^al,
&c. by means of a canal from the
Trent. It is feated near the Soar, 18
miles N of Leicetter, and 109 nnw of
London.
Lougbrea, a town ef Ireland, in the
county of Galway, near a lake of the
fame name, 15 mdes sw of Galway.
Loubanst a town of France, in the
depailraent of Saone and Loire, fituate
in a kind of ifland between the rivers
Seilles, Salle, and Solnan, 18 miles sb
of Chalons.
Lovignano, a town of Naples, in
Otranto, la miles ssw of Brindifi.
Louis, Fort, or Fort Fauhan, a town
and fortrcfs of France, in the depart-
ment of Lower Rhine, built by Louia
XIV, on an ifland formed by the Rhine.
In 1793 it was taken by the Auftrianst
who were obliged to evacuate it foon
after. It is is miles b of Haguenau,
and 18 NNEof Straibum.
Louis, St. an ifland of Africa, at the
mouth of the river Senegal, with a fort,
built by the French. It was taken in
1758 by the Englifli, and ceded to them
in 1763. In the American war, it was
taken by the French, and kept by them
after the peace of 1783. It is flat,
fandy, and barren. Lon. 16 15 w^
lat. 16 o N<
Louist St. a feaport and fortrefs of
St. Domingo, on the sw coaft, at the
head of a bay of its name. The exports
are cofTce, cotton, and indigo. The
fortrefs was demoliflied by admiral
Knowles in 1747* but fince rebuilt. It
is 48 miles W3W of Leogane. Lon. 73
16 w, lat. 18 19 N.
Louis f St. a town of Louiliana, on the
river Miffiflippi, 14 miles below the in-
flux of the MifTouri. The environs are
rivh in garden grounds. It is 650 miles
N of New Orleans. Lon. 90 18 w,
lat. 39 18 N.
Louis de Marannan, St. or 5/. Philip,
a feaport of Braiil, capital of the pro-
vince of Marannan, apd a bifliop's fee,
Vk ith a ftrong caftle. . It ftands on the
E fide of the river Mearim, near the
Atlantic ocean. Lon. 45 15 w, lat. a
ZS «•
Louisa, a town of Sweden, in Fin-
land, with a fortressi on a bay of the
gulf of Finland, 30 miles i.v% of Hel-
lingfora.
Louisburg, the capital of the ifland of
Cape Breton, with a citadel, and an ex-
cellent harbour, near four leagues in
circumference. It was takeii by the
Englifli in i74<;, reftored to the French
in 1748, taken by the Englifli in 1758,
and ceded to them in X763. Lon. 59
55 w, lat. 45 54 "•
LOU
T.ouhburff, a town of N Cnrolina,
chief of Franklin county, fuiiatc on the
river Tar, 30 miles n by e of Rulegh.
Lon. 78 40 w, lat. 36 3 N.
Louliianot a country of N America,
cdimated to extend 1200 miles in length
:nid 640 in breadth^ btunded on the c
hy the Miinflippi, s by the gulf of Mex-
ico, w by New Mexico, and running
indefinitely k. It is agreeably fiiunte
between the extremes of heat and cold j
the climate varying as it extends toward
the >'. The timber is us fine as any in
the world; and the quantities of oak,
afh, mulberry, walnut, cherry, cy-
prefs, and cedar; are aftoniihing. The
neighbourb()6d of the Mifliflippi fur-
nifhea the richeft fruits in great variety.
The foil is particularly adapted for hemp,
flax, and tobacco; and indigo is u ftapre
commodity, it is imerfefted by a num-
ber of fine rivers, among which are the
MKTouri, Moingona, Alkanfas, andNat«
chitoches, which all flow into the Miffif-
fippi. The chief articles of trade are
indigo, cotton, rice, beans, wax, and
Inmlier. This country was difcovered
by Ferdinand de Soto, in 1541 ; traverf-
<d by M. de la Salje, in i68a; and fet-
tled by Louis, xiv, in the beginning of
the 18th century. In 1763, it was ceded
to Spain; reftored to France, in 1801,
and by France transferred to the United
States, in 1803. The capital is New
Oilcans.
Lotiisvillet the capital of the ftate of
Georgia, and in Burke county. It has
a college, with ample and liberal endow-
ments; and is fented on the n fide of
the Ogeechee, 5 2 miles .ssw of Augufta,
the former capital. Lon. 8» 17 w, lat.
3 a 4a N.
Louisvil/e, a town of Kentucky, capi-
tal of JefTerfon county, feated on the
Ohio, juft above its rapids, at the head
•f which is a fort. ' A canal, three miles
in length, has been cut on the fide of
the river, by which veflels now afcend
and defcend without danger. Louif-
ville is a port of entry, .50 miles w of
Frankfort. Lon. 85 5^ w, lat. 38
14 N.
Louie, a town of Portugal, in Algarva,
furrounded by its antique walls, and
feated on the river Louie, 10 miles nw
of Faro, and aa wsw of Travira.
Lou-ngan, a city of China, of the
firft rank, in the province of Chan-fi,
fituate near the fource of the Tfotfang,
370 miles ssw of Peking. Lon. 112
34 E, lat. 36 4a N.
Lourde, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Upper Pyrenees, with a
caftle on a rock) 10 miles nw of. Bag-
neres.
LOW
L$urieal, a town of Portugal, in Beira;
a8 mile* s by w of Golmhra.
Loutb, a county of Ireland, in the
province of Leinfter, 29 miles long and
13 broad; bounded on the n by Armagu
and Carlingford bay, E by the Irifh fe.i,
w bjr Monaghan and E Meatli, and s by
E Nleuth, from which it is parted by the
river Boyno. It is a fertile country, con-
tains 50 parilhes, and abput 57,730 in-
habitants, and fends four members to
parliament. Drogheda is the capital.
Leuth, a town of Ireland, in the coun-
ty of the fame name, 18 miles nnw of
Drogheda.
Louth, a corporate town in Lincoln-
(hire, with a market on Wednefday and
Saturday, and amanufaiflure of blnnkrtg
and carpets. Here is a noble Gothic
church, with a lofty fpire, and a free.
fchool, foun'!c>l by Edward vi. It has
a navigation, by means of the river Lud
and a canal, to the German ocean, at
Tctncy creek. It iit 28 miles ne of Lin-
coln, and 144 N of London.
Lowvain, a city of the Netherlands,
in Brabant, with an old caftle, and a ce-
lebrated univerfity. Its Willis are near-
ly feven miles in circumference, but
within them are many gardens and vine-
yards. The churches, convents, and
public buildings are magnificent. Large
quantities of cloth were formerly made
here, but this trade is decayed, and it is
now chiefly noted for good beer. It
was taken by the French in 1746, 1791,
and 1794- It is feated on the Dyle, 14
miles E bv N of Bruflels, and 40 ne of
Mons. Lon. 4 41 e, lat4 50 53 n.
Louviers, a fortified town of France,
in the department of Eure, with a con-
fiderablc manufa(fture of fine cloths. It
is feated on the Eure, 10 miles n of
Evrcux, and 55 nw of Paris.
Leuvo, a town of the kingdom of
Siam, ■A'ith a royal palace, 50 miles n of
Siam. Lon. 100 5a e, lat. 14 56 n.
Lou'ures, a town of France, in the de-
partment, of Seine and Oife, ai miles n
of Paris.
Lo<wtnberg, a town of Silcfia, in the
principality rf Jauer, feated on the Bo-
ber, a I miles wsw of Lignitz.
Lowenjtein, a town of Franconia, ca-
pital of a county of the fame name,
nine miles ese of Heilbron, and 21 nne
ofStutgard.
Loivenstein, a fort and ancient caftle
of S Holland, at the w end of the ifland
of Bommelwert. In this caftle, in 1618,
Hugo Grotius was confined^ and after
three years imprifonment was conveyed
away by a ftratagem of his wife, in a
returned box ufed for the purpofe of
carrying books. It is 1 6 miles £ of Dort.
rn of Silefla, in the
feated on the Bo-
if Lignitz.
n of Fraiiconia, ca«
f the fame name,
ilbron, and 21 nne
and ancient caftle
■ end of the ifland
chiscaftle, in 1 618,
onfined, and after
lent was conveyed
of his wife, in a
or the purpofe of
i6mi)e«Bof Dort.
L U B
Loavcstof, a town in SuflTolk, with' u
market (•'< Wi'dntfduy. The chief trade
is in the mackerel and herring fiiheries;
ami it is much frequented forfea-bftthing.
Hfre are fi»rl8 and batteries for proteft-
iiij,' ftiips in the roads. It ftands on a
cliff, the moft cafterly point of Great
Britiiin, to miles s of Yarmouth, and
117 NK of London. Lon. i 44 k, hit.
!)i *9 N» ,
Lowes- ivattr, a lake in Cumberland,
one mile long and a quarter of a milo
broad. It is of no great depth, but
abounds with pike and perch. In op-
pofition to all the other lakes, it has
its courfe from N to s, and, under the
lofty Mellbreak, runs into the N end of
Cromach-water.
fjoiuicz, a town of Poland, in the pa-
litinate of Rava, with a ftrong fortrefs,
feated on the Bzura, zi miles s of
Plockflco, and 30 N of Rava.
Lotuositz, a town of Bohemia, in the
circle of I.eiitmeritz. In 1756, the great-
til part of it was burnt in an obllinate
engagement between the Saxons and
Prufiians. It is feated on the Egra, five
miles wsw of Leutmeritz.
Lava, or Loja, a town of Spain, in
Gvaiiad I, with a royal falt-work, and a
copper forge; feated in a fertile country,
on the river Xenil, 28 miles w of Gra-
nada.
Loxa, or Loja, a town of Peru, in the
audience of Quito, and the capital of a
jurifdiflion ot the fame name, famous
for producing fine jefuits bark and co-
cliiiu'al. Carpets are manufa(£turcd here
of remarkable finenefs. It Hands at the
head of a nw branch of the Amazon,
150 miles ENE of Paita. Lon. 78 46 w,
lat. 4 15 s.
Lof/ne, or Lune, a river of England,
which rifes in Weftnaorland, flows s by
Kirby I.onfdale to Lancafter, and foon
affpr enters the Irifh fea.
Loiere, a departtneiit of France, in-
cludiric the lute territory of Gevaudan.
It is a mountainous barren country, and
receives its name from the principal
ridge of mountains. Rlende is the ca-
pital.
Lu, a town of Piedmont, in Montfer-
rat, eight miles s of Cafal, and eight w
of Alexandria.
Luarca, a town of Spain, in Afturias,
near the fe.icoaft, 30 miles nw of
Oviedo.
Luban, a town of Ruflia, in the go-
vernment of Livonia, feated near the n
end of a lake of the fame name, yo
miles E by s of Riga. Lon. a 6 36 e,
lat. 56 55 N.
Luban, a town of Lithuania, in tljc
L U B
palatinate of Novogrodeck, ao miles sb
of Slack.
Luhbcn, a town of Lufatia, capital
of a diftri^ of the fame name. It has
fcvcral churche!), a caftle, n noble hof-
pital, and a large ftrufture where the
diets aflemble. it is fiMted on th<.-
Spree, in a fwampy country, 40 miles
88E of Berlin. Lon. 13 55 e, lat. 5:
o M.
Lubee, a city and feaport of I .ower
Saxony, in the duchy of Holfteii, and
lately the fee of a biihop, whf w n »
prince of the empire. It was tlK head
of the famous hanfeatic league, formed
here in 1164, and the moft commercial
city of the north ; but it now has lod
great part of its trade. The hoiifes are
built m a very ancient ftyle; the doors
being fo large as to admit carriages into
the hall, which frequently ferves for a
coachhoufe. The townhcufe is a fu-
perb (lru(£lNre, and has feveral towers.
I'here is alfo a fine council-houfe and
an exchange. The inhabitants arc Lu-
therans. There arc four large churches,
befide the cathedral, in which is a
bandfome ftatue of the virgin Mary, a
curious clock, and a prodigious large
organ. There were formerly four con-
vents; that of St. John has ftill fome
proteftant girls, under the government
of an abbey; that of St. Mary is turned
into an hofpital; that of St. Ann is
made a houfe of correflion ; and that of
St. Catharine is now a handfome col-
lege. Lubec is feated at the confluence
of fome rivers, the largeft of which is
the Trave, 14 miles sw of the Baltic,
and 35 SE of Hamburg. Lon. 10 49 e,
lat. 53 5a"N._
Lubec, an ifland in the Indian ocean,
near the ifland of Madura. Lon. iij
22 E, lat. 5 50 s.
Lubecke, a town of Weftphalia, in the
principality of Minden. It has 4 trade
in yarn and linen, and ftands 14 miles
w of Minden.
Luben, a town of Silefia, in the prin-
cipality of Lignitz, feated on the Katz-
bach, 1 4 miles n of Lignitz.
Luben, a town of Lufatia, with a caf-
tle, on the river Spree, ao miles nw of
Cotbus.
Lubitz, a town of Lower Saxony, in
the duchy of Mecklenburg, on the river
Elda, 23 miles s of Guftrow.
Lubienitz, a town of Silefia, in the
principality of Oppelen, 3 a miles e of
Oppelen.
Lublin, a city of Poland, capital of
a palatinate of the fame name, and a
biftiop's fee, with a citadel. Three an-
nual lairs are held h(ire, each Ming a
L IJ C
nrtmtllt vrhJch are frequented by mit
numbers of GtTman, KulTian, Turkifh,
and other traders and merchants. It is
ieated on the Weiprz, 9s miles SE of
Warfaw. Lon. as 45 E| fat. 5 1 14 >r.
Lubly; a town of Poland, in the
palatinate of Cracow, 56 miles SK of
Cracow.
Luct a town of France, in the de-
partment of Var, aj miles ne of Tou-
lon.
Luct X town of France, in the de-
partment of Drnme, on the river Drome,
34 miles SE of Valence.
Lueanaj, a town of Peru, in the
bifliopric of Guamanga, which gives
name to a jurifdi^ion, containing rich
nivcr mines, and feeding great orovcs
of cattle. It Jtands near one of the
head branches of the Apurimac, io
miles s of Guamanga.
Zucar, Caf^ St. the s E end of the
peninfula of Calitbrnia. It lies under
the tropic of Capricorn, in Ion. 11 1
30 w.
Ltirar de "Baremeda, St. a feaport of
Spain, in Andalulia, and a biihopV fee.
It has a line harbour, well defended, at
the month of the Guadalquivcr, 42
miles ssw of Seville. Lon. 5 J4 vv, lat.
3658 N.
Luear de Guadiana, St. a ftroiig town
of Spain, in Andalufia, on the river
Guadiana, 76 miles wnw of Seville.
Lon. 7 18 w, lat. 37 a8 n.
Lucar la Mayor^ St. a town of Spain,
in Andalufia, feated on the Guadiamar,
14 miles w of Seville.
Lueaya Islands. See Bahama.
Luce'tty a republic of Italy, lying on
the E coaft of the f,u!f of Genoa. It is
30 miles long and lo broad ; and pro-
duces plenty of cattle, wine, oil, filk,
wool, and chcftnula : the oil, in par-
ticiilar, is in high eftcem. The common
people ufually cat chednuts indead of
bread) and they are the moft induf-
trious of any in Italy, for no fpot of
ground is ncgieifted. The government
was ariftocratic ; but in the recent re-
volutions of Italy this flate adopted a
confular conflitntiou, under the pro-
teiflion of France.
Lucca, a city of Italy, capital of the
republic of the fame name, and an
archbifhop's fee. It is nearly three
miles in circumference, rc^ul.irly for-
tified, and contains 40,000 mhabitants.
The ftate palace is a large building, and
includes the arfcnal. Here are con-
fiderablc manufadnrcs of filk, and
gold and filvcr ftutFs. Lucca was en-
tered by the French in 1796, evacuated
in 1759, and r^'.entered in 1800. It is
LUC
fieated in a fruitful plain, near the river
Serchio, to miles ne of Pifa,an(l3; wof
Florence. Lon. 1035 ^-^ Ut. 43 50 n.
Lueet a fpacious bay on the s coail
of Scotland, in Wigtonfhire, lying e of
the promontory called the Mnll of
Galloway. The river Luce enters its
NE extren>«ty, at the town of Clenluce.
Lueena, a town of Spain, in Anda-
luHa, 36 miles ssE of Cordova, and 4;
WNW of Granada.
Lutera, a city of Naoles, capital of
the province of Capitanata, and a
bifhop's fee. The town is fmall, but
populous, ard has a manufadlure of
cloth. It is IS ni\\ei ne of Naples.
Lon. 15 34 E, lat. 41 :8 n.
liuiin, one of the cantons ofSwif.
ferland, ,0 miles long and ao broad;
boun<1ed on the e by the canions of
Undcrwaldcn, 8' hweitr, aiiii Zng, and
on all the other fides by the -mitun of
Bern. The air is rrii.!, .uid Uic foil un-
commonly t'crliU . i'n cdoin a*id open-
niMs of maiim r» uhar^^fterize the inha-
bitants, who are lioman catholics, and
con;piited at 100,000 llie govera-
rocnt was ariftocratical, with a certain
mixture of democracy.
LucgrH, the capital of. the canton of
the fame name, in Swifltrland. It is
divided into two parts by a bnncli of
the Koufs, which here enters the lake
of I.ucern. It has no manufaClmesof
confcquencc, and little commerce ; the
merchants being principally engaged in
the commiflion bufinefs, upon goods
pafling between Italy and Germany,
over Mount St. Gothard and the
Waldfta;dter Set;. In the cathedral is
an organ of an extraordinary fizcj the
centre pipe is 40 feet in length. The
bf:c!gcs w hich fkirt the town, round the
edge of the lake, are the fafltionable
walk of the place ; being coveied at
the top, and open at the fuics, they
afford a conftant view of the romantic
counlry. Lucern is 30 miles sw of
Zurich, and 3? E of Bern. Lon. 8 14
E, lat.
47 O N .
Lucent, Lake of. See fiaUjtadUr
See.
Lueernn, a town of Piedmont, in a
valhy of its name, 15 miles sw of
i urin.
Lue/ionv, a town of Lower Saxony,
in the ducliy of Luneburg, fituate on
the Jetzo, 11 miles s by e of Danne-
Luc/ioivice, a town of Lithuania,in
the palatinate of Novogrodeck, 4«>
miles ssE of Novogrodeck.
Lucia, St. one of the Windward
Caribbcc iflAnds, a; miles long and is
.■V-.-
See Waldstadkr
f Piedmont, in a
15 miles sw of
f Lower Saxony,
eburg, fituate on
by e of Danne.
of Lithuania,in
I^ovogrodeck, ^f
eck.
the Windward
ilt:& long and is
broad • It conQfts of plains well watei(»
cd with rivulets, and hills furoiiheA
with tinnber; and has Geveral gpod
bavs, and cummpdious harbours. By
the pcatc of 1763, this iflnnd was al-
lotted to France. In 17; 9, it was taken
by the Engliflj, but reftored by the
peace of 1783 ; was taken again in «79+»
evacuated in 1795, and again taken in
1796. There are two high mountain8»
by which this ifland may be known at
a coniidcrable diflance. Its N end is
similes s of Martinico. Lon. 6051
w, lat. 14 N.
Lucia, St. one of the Cape Vcrd
inands, to the w of that of St. Nicholas.
Lon. 24.m w, lat. i6 45 n.
Lucia, St. a town of Paraquay, in the
province of Plata, on a nver of the
fame name, at its conflux with the Pa*
rana, 340 miles N by w of Buenos
Ayres. Lon. 60 54 w, lat. 29 30 s.
Lucia, St. a town of Sicily, in Val di
Demona, 15 miles w of Memni>.
Luciana, a tOwn of Spain, in Anda-
lufia, eight miles wnw of £cija.
Luciano, a town of Spsun^ in New
Caflile, 19 miles w of Cindad Real.
Lucito, a town of Nai>le8| in the
Molife, II miles NE of Molife.
Luckau, the capital of Lower Lufa-
tia. The inhabitant, many of whom
are Vandals, fubfift by brewing and
handicraft bulineires. It is feated in a
fwampy country* on the rivulet Geila,
:8 miles wnw of Cotbus. Lon. 13 46
E, lat. 51 5 2 N.
LuckenwaU, a town of Brandenburg,
in the Middle mark, capital of a circle
of its name ; feated on the Nute^ aj
miles s of Potfdam.
Lucknoiu, a city of Hindooftan, ca-
pital of Oude. It is without walls,
and the palace of the nabob (lands on a
high bank near the Goomty. The
houfes are chiefly mud walls, covered
with thatch ; many are entirely of
mats and bamboos, thatched with leaves
or ftraw ; and very few are built tvith
brick. The ftrcets are crooked, narrow,
and worfe than moft in India. In the
dry feafon, the durt and heat are in-
tolerable ; in the rainy feafon, the mire
is fo deep, as to be fcarcely paflable }
and there is a number of elephants,
belonging to the nabob and his court,
continually pafTing the ftreets, to the
great annoyance of paflengcrs and fliup-
keepers. The howfcs of the mer-
chants are of brick, lofty and ftrong ;
and thi-Tt* are fomc, but not many,
magnificent edifices. Lucknow is
no miles nnw of Allahabad. Loo.
Vi 30 E, lat. «6 JO N.
LUC
Jitickot a town of Poland, ciifitat of
Volhynia* and a biftiop's fee with a
citadel, li!^ 175 a, the greatcft part of
it was deftroycd by fire; It is feated on
the Ster» 75 miles ne of Lenaburg, and
175 SB of WarCiw. Lon. 25 30 b, but.
51 13 N.
Luco, a town of Naples, in Abrnzzo
Citeriore, on the w bank of the lake
Celano, nine miles ssw of Celuno. .
Luqortt a town of France, in the de-
partment of Vendee, and lately an epif-
copal fee. It is feated in a morafs*
17 miles N of RochelL-, and 50 s of
Nantes.
Luconia, or Z,vso«, the chief of the
Philippine iflandi, in the Pacific ocean.
It is 350 miles long and 140 broad,
belide a peninfula of very irregalar
breadth that Ihoots out 160 miles at
the sE angle. It, is not fo hot as might
be expeAed, being well watered hj
lakes and rivers, and the periodical
rains, which inundate all the plains.
There are feveral volcanos in the moun-
tains, and a variety of hot fprings. The
produce of this ifland is wax, cotton,
filk, wild cinnamon, fulphur. cocoa-
nuts, rice, gold, copper, hQrfes,buffalos,
and game. Philip 11 of Spain formed
a fcheme of planting a colony in the
Philippine iflands, which had been. nc-
glefted fir ce the difizovery of them bf
Ivlagellan, in 1521. Manilla, in thia
iHand, Wis the ftation chofen for the
capita! of the new eftabliibment.
Hence an adlivc commercial inter-
courfe began with t)ie Chinefe. a con*
fidcrable number of whom fettled in
this ifland, under the Spanifli pro«
tedion. Thefe fupplicd the colony fo
amply with all the valuable pro-
dudlionsand manufadlureS'Of Afia, a*
enaUed it to open a trade with Ame-
rica, by a dired courfe of navigation,
more than one third of the circum-
ference of 'he globe. This trade, at
firft, was carried on with Callao, on
the coaft of Peru ; but it was afterward
removed to Acapulco, on the coaft of
Mexico. From this port formerly
failed two large Ihips, or galleons, an-
nually, one at a time at ftated periods;
but latterly fmaller vefTels are ufed.
The fliips are permitted to carry out
filver to the Hmouiit of 500,000 crowns,
in ret'irn for which tley bring back
from Manilla fpicea, drugs, China and
Japan wares, calicos, chintzes, niullins,
filks, &c. The ifland is divided into
provinces, raoft of them fubjcv*^,: to the
Spaniards ; the principal are lilccos,
Camnrinas, Paracale, Cagayan, and
Balayan } and then, aie feveral others,
LUG
Pangafinan, Bahi, Balacan, &;c. The
inhabitants arc a mixture of fevera! na-
tions, beflde Spaniards; and they all
produce a mixed breed, called Meftes.
The blacks have long hair, and good
features; and there is one tribe, called
Pintados, who prick their ikins, and
draw figures on them, as they do in
moft other countries where they go
naked. See Mfinilla.
Lucrino. See Licola,
Ludencheid, a town of Weftphalia, in
tlie county of Mark, with manufa(5lures
of iron and cloth, 44 miles e by s of
DufTeldorf.
Lttdgersball, a borough in Wiltlhire,
which has now no market. It is 15
miles N of Salifbnry, and 71 n I / w of
London.
Ludloiv, a borough in Shropfliire,
with a market on Monday. It is en-
compafTed by a wall, having feven
gates ; and has a caitle, where all buH-
nefs was formerly tranfa(fted for the
principality of Wales. This caftle and
town were held for elnpref« Maud
againft king Stephen, and befieged by
him. Edward v refided here, at the
death of his father, and was carried
hence to London. Arthur, prince of
Wales, fon of Henry vii, held a court,
and died here. Ludlow has a ftately
church and an elegant townhoufe. ' It
is feated on the Tend, 20 miles s of
Shrewfljury, and 142 nw of London.
Lon. 2 42 w, lat- jz 23 n.
Ludiuigsburgt a town of Suabia, in
the duchy of Wirtemburg, with ma-
nufaAures of cloth, damafk linen, and
marble paper. Here Is a hunting feat
belonging to the duke cf Wirtemburg,
called Favorita. It is fix miles n of
Stutgard.
Ludwigsburgy a town of Hither Po-
merania, near the Baltic fea, 10 miles
ENE of Gripfwalde.
Lugat a town of Ru/Tia, in the go-
vernment of Peteriburg, on a river of
the fame name, 80 miles s of Peterf-
barg. Lon. 29 39 e, lat. 51 49 k.
Luganot a town of Italy, capital of
a bailiwic, lately belonging to the
Swifs cantons. It is built round a
gentle curve of the lake Lugano, and
backed by an amphitheatre of hills. It
is the emporium of the greateft part of
the merchandife, which pafles from
Italy over the St. Gothard, or the Ber-
nardin. Moft of the houfes are built of
tuftftone, and on an eminence above
the town is the principal church. It is
17 miles NW of Como. Lon. ti 48 s,
lat. 45 54 N.
Lugano^ a lake of Italy, 25 miles in
L U N
length, and from two to four in breadth.
Its form is irregular, and bending into
continual finuoflties. It lies between
the lakes Como and Magiore, but is
above 180 feet higher than either of
them.
Lugde, or Ludey a tdwn of Weft.
phalia, in the principality of Paderborn,
feated on the Emmer, 34 miles nne of
Paderborn.
LugOi a city of Spain, in Galicia, and
a biftiop's fee. It was once the me-
tropolis of Spain, but is now chiefly
celebrated for iti hot medicinal fprings.
It is feated on the Minho, 50 miles exk
of Compoftello. Lon. 7 32 w, lat.
43 4 N.
Luis, St. a town of Tucuman, in the
province of Cordova, 140 miles wsw of
Cordova. Lon. 67 52 w, lat. 32 10 i
Luhf St. a town of New Mexico, in
New Navarre, on the river St. Maria,
90 miles s of Cafagrande.
Luis de la Pas, St. a town of Mexico,
in the province of Mechoacan, ko
miles N by E of Mecheacan.
IjUis de Potosi, St. a city of Mexico,
in the province of Mechoanaa, (ituate
in the midft of rich gold mines, and <ill
the comforts of life. The ftreets are
neat and ftraight, ^nd the churches
magnificent. It is "180 miles ^f by w
of Mechoacan. Lon. 102 54 w, lat.
a* .35 J*'
Lui-tcheou, a city of China, of the
fnft r.'ink, in the province of Quang-
tong. It is feated in a fertile country,
near the fea, 315 miles sw of Canton.
Lon. T09 25 E, lat 20 58 n.
Lula, a I'eaport of Sweden, in W
Bothnia, with a good harbour. Ner.r
it is a mountain of iron ore. It ftands
on the river Lnla, at the nw extremity
of the gulf of Bothnia, 115 miles nne
of Unia- Lon. 22 12 e, lat. 6,^ 32 n.
Lumherton, a town of N Carolina,
chief of Robefon county, fitunte on
Drowning creek, 32 miles s of Fayette-
ville, and 65 nw of Wilmington.
Lumello, a town of Italy, in the
Milanefi', which gives name 10 a dif-
triiJl called the Lumellinc, lately fub-
y&. to the king of Sardinia. It was
formerly the refidence of the kings of
Lombardy, but is now a finall place,
lituate on the Gogna, i.(s miles ssw of
Milan.
Lunart, a town of Scotland, in An-
gusfljire, fitnate on a bay of its name,
p.t the mouth of the river Liinan, five
miles S8W of Montrole.
Lund, a town of Sweden, c.ipital of
Schonen, and a bilhoprie. It carries
on but little trade, and is principally
^6 miles ssw ot
icotlantl, in An-
bay of its name,
iver Liinan, five
L U N
ftpported by its univerfity, founded by
Charles xi, and from him called Acade-
mia Carolina Gothorum. Here like-
wife is a Royal Phiilographical Societ y,
incorporated by the king in 1778. The
catiiedral is an ancient irregular build-
ing. It is iS miles e of Copenhagen,
and 45 ^^ of Cbriftianftadt. Lon. 13
12 E, lat. 55 42 N,
Lundeit, a town of Lower Saxony,
in the duchy of Holflein, feated near
the Eyder, sa miles w of Rendlburg.
Lundy, an ifland at the entrance of
the Briliol channel, about i a miles from
the Devoufliire coaft. It is three miles.
long and one broad, and fupplies fowls
and eggs to the inhabitants of Devon-
(liire. in the n part is a high pyrami-
dicalrock called the Conftable. Lon.
^38 w, lat. 51 18 N.
Lune' See Loyne-
Luneburg, a duchy of Germany, in
the circle of Lower Saxony, lately fiib-
jeft to the eledtbr of Hanover. . In-
cluding Zell, it is bounded on the n
by the duchies of Holftein and Law-
cnburg, e by the marquifate of Bran>
(ienburg, s by the duchy of Brunfw!ck,
and w by the duchies of Bremen and
Verden. It is 100 miles in length and
70 in breadth ; watered by the rivers
Aller, Elbe, and Ilmenau. Part of it is
full of heaths and foreft, which abound
with wild boars ; but near the rivers it
is pretty fertile.
Luneburg, a fortified town of Lower
Saxony, capital of the duchy of the
fame name. The chief public edifices
are three parilh churches, the ducal
palace, the townhoufe, the fait maga-
zine, the anatomical theatre, the aca-
demy, and the conventual church of
St. Michael, in which are interred
the ancient dukes. The fait fprings
near this place produce great quantities
of fait ; and it has alfo a trade in lime,
wax, honey, wool, flax, and linen.
Luneburg is feated on the Ilmenau, 30
miles SK of Hamburg, and 45 s by w
of Lubcc. Lon. 10 39 e, lat. 53 i n.
LuneU a town of France, in the de-
partment of Herault, near the river
Ridoitrle. It produces excellent muf-
cadine wine, and is 16 miles £ of Mont-
pellier.
Lmen, a town of Weftphalia, in the
county of Mark, fituate at the conflux
of the Zefick with the Lippe, 30 miles
s by w of Munfter.
i^unevilU, a town of France, in the
department of Meurte. Its caftle,
where the dukes of Lorrain formerly
kept their court, as did afterward king
Staniflaus, il) now converted into bar*
LUT
racks. The church of the late regular
canons is very handlbme ; and here
Staniflaus founded a military fchool, a
large library, and a fine hofpital. In
i8or, a treaty of peace was concluded
here between France and Germany.
Luneville is feated in a plain between
the rivers Vezouze and Meurte, 14
miles ESE of Nancy, and 62 w of
Stralburg. Lon. 6 30 e, lat. 48 3<^ n .
Lungro, a town of Naples, in Ca-
labria Citeriore, chiefly inhabited by
Greeks, 35 miles nnw of Cofenza.
LupoWf a town of Further Pome-
rania, on a river of the fame name, 15
miles E of Stolpe.
Lure, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Upper Saone, celebrated
for a late abbey of BenediAines, con-
verted, in 1764, into a chapter of noble
canons. It is feated near the Ougnon*
30. miles NE of Befan9on.
lurgan, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Armagh, with an extenfive
linen manufaAure, 14 miles ne of Ar-
magh, and 67 N of Dublin.
Lusatia, a marquifate of Germany,
90 miles long and 60 broad ; bounded
on the N by Brandenburg, R by Silefia,
s by Bohemia, and w by Mifnia and
Saxony Proper. It is divided into Up-
per and Lower. Upper Lufatia abounds
more in mountains and hills than the
Lower, in which are many boggy and
moorilh tradls, yet it is the moil fruit-
ful. The breeding of cattle is very
confiderable, and there is plenty of
game ; but the products of the country
do not fupply the neceflities of the in-
habitants. This want is compenfated
by its numerous manufadlures, par-
ticularly thofe of cloths and linens.
Bautzen and Luckau are the capitals.
Lusignan, a town of France, in the
department of Vienne, feated on the
Vonne, 1$ miles ssw of Poitiers.
Luso, a river of Italy, which rifes in
the duchy of Urbino, croflcs part of
Romagno, and enters the gulf of Ve-
nice, 10 miles w of Rimini.
Lutange, a town of France, in the
department of Mofelle, eight miles se
of Thionville, and 11 nne of Metz.
Lutkenburg, a town of Lower Sax-
ony, in the duchy of HolAein, feated
near the Baltic, 1 1 miles n by e of Ploen.
Luton, a town in Bedfordfhire, with
a market on Monday, and a manu-
fadure of ftraw hats, &c. On the edge
of the downs, a little to the s, is Lutou
Hoe park, the feat of tiVlitoarquis of
Bute. Luton i;s fituate olrthe river
Lea, 1 8 miles s of Bedford, and 34 u
by w of London,
LU Z
^ LutttHbergi a town of Germany, in
Stiria, feated on the 8tantz« 4 a miles b
by N of Marchburg.
Latter, a town of Lower Saxony, in
the duchy of Brunfwick, 10 miles nw
of Godar.
Lutterberg, a towtf of Lower Saxony,
in the duchy of Brunfwick, ao miles s
of Gonar.
Lutterworth, a t©wn in Leicefter-
fiiire, with a market on Thurfday.' It
bas a large church, with a beautiful
fteeplc, of which Wickliff, the firft
reformer, was reAor, and he died here
in 1385. Lutterworth has an extenfive
cotton manufaAure, and many hands
are employed in the flocking trade.
It is feated on the river Swift. 14 miles
9 of Leicefter, and 88 nw of London.
Lutmlstein, a town of France, in the
department of Lower Rhine, with a
ftrong caftle, feated on a mountain, 30
miles NW of Stralburg.
Lutzen, a town of Upper Saxony, in
Thuringja, with a caftle. Near this
place, in 1632, Guftavus Adolphus
king of Sweden was killed in a battle,
at the moment of vi^ory. It is feated
on the Elfter, fcven miles wsw of
Leipfic.
Luxemburg, a late duchy and pro*
Tince of the Netherlands : bounded on
the B by Treres, s by L«rrain, w by
Champagne and Liege, and n by Liege
and Limburg. It lies Jn the foreft of
Ardennes, and in fome places is covered
with mountains and woods; but, in g^
ncral, is fertile in corn and wine, and has
a great number of iron min«?6. The prin-
cipal rivers are the Mofelle,Sour, Ourte,
and Semoy. It belonged to the houfe of
Auftria; but the whole country fubmit-
ted to the French in 1795, and ^^'^ duchy
now fornis the department of Forets.
Luxttnburg, a ftrong city of the
Netherlands, capital of the department
of Forets, lately the duchy of Luxem-
burg. In 1713, it was given to the
Dutch, as a barrier town ; ceded to the
houfe of Auftria in 17 ij} and fur-
rendered to the French m 1795. It is
divided, by the Alfitz, into the upper
and lower towns; the forme? almoft
furroundcd by rocks, but the lower
feated in a plain. It is 3 a miles wsw
of Treves. Lon. ^ la E, lat. 49 37 N.
Luxeu'tl, a town of France, in the
department of Upper Saone. Near it
are feme mineral waters and warm
baths ; alfo an abbey, founded by St.
Columban^Trifliman. It is feated at
the foot ofroe Vofges, 14 miles ne of
Vcfoul.
Luzara, a (Irong town of Italy, in
L YN
the Mantuan, near the confTuit of the
Croftolo with the Po. Here a battle
was hought between the Auftrians and
the French and Spaniards, in 17,2
when each fide claimed the viAory. i{
is 18 miles ssw of Mantua.
Luzarehes, a town of Prance, in the
depaitment of Seine and Oife, 15 \XA\ti
N of Paris.
Luzon. See Lutonia.
Luzzi, a town of Naplsif, in Calabria
Citeriore, near the river Crat^, three
miles s of Bifignano.
Lydd, a town in Kent, with a market
on Thurfilay. It is a member of tht
cinque port of Ror.iney, and leated in
Romney MaHh, 35 miles sw of Dover,
and 7a SE of London.
Lyge, a town of Norway, near a
lake of the fame name, 16 miles nw of
Chrillianfand.
Lyf^um, a town of Denmark, in the
duchy of Slefwick, 14 miles w of Apcn-
rade.
Lyme, or Lyme Regis, a borough 3nd
feaport in-Dorfetihire, g^oTerned by i'
mayor, with a market on Friday. It is
feated on the fide of a craggy hill, on the
river Lyme, at the head of a little inlet;
and its harbour is formed by two very
thick walls, called the Cobbe. It has a
Newfoundland and coafting trAle, and
is noted for fea-bathing. Here the
duke of Monmouth landed, in 1685,
for the execution of his ill judgM de-
fign againft James 11. Lyme is the
birthplace of Thomas Coram, the be-
nevolent patron and contriver of the
Fonndling-hofpital. It is a8 miles s
by £ of Exeter, and 143 w by s of
London. Lon. 3 4 w, lat. 50 41 n'.
Lymford, a gulf of Denmark, in N
Jutland, which has a narrow entrance
from the Categat, and extends 80 nules
acrofs the country, widening gradually,
and forming feveral branches: the w
end is so miles lon^;* and feparated
from the North fea only by a narrow
bank.
Lymington, a borough ir Hampfhlre,
governed by a iuayor, with a market
on Saturday. It is felted on a river of
its name, a mile from the fea, and the
harbour will admit .veflels of 300 tons
burden. The chief trade is in fait;
and it has two fets of baths, much
frequented in the funnner. Near it. are
the remains of a Roman camp ; <jid in
1744, nearly aoo pounds weight of
their coins were difcovered heie in two
urns. It is 13 miles ssw of South-
ampton, and' 94 sw of Loi?'lon. Lon.
I 4; w, lat. 50 45 N.
Ljnchbur^i a town of Virginia, in
L Y O
Bedford county, on the s fide of Jame>
river, loo miles w of Richmond.
Ljndhurst, a village in Hamplhire, on
the N fide of tke New Foreft, eight
miles wsw of Southampton. Here
are the king's houfe and the king's
ftables, the latter very large; and all
the foreft courts arc held here.
Lynrit a town of MafTachufets, in
Effex county, with a confidcrable ma-
nufaftnre of women's filk and cloth
(hoes. It is nine miles ssw of Salem.
and 10 NE of Bofton.
Lynrii or Lynn Regis, a borough and
feaport in Norfolk, governed by a
mayor, with a market on Tuefday ahd
Saturday. By the Oufe, and its af-
fociatcd rivers, it fupplies mod of the
midland counties with coal, timber,
and wine; and, in return, exports malt
and corn in great quantities: it alfo
partakes in the Baltic trade and Green-
land fiftiery. Lynn has two churches,
and a large market-place, with an ele-
gant croft. In 1 80 1 the number of in-
habitants was 10,096. It is 42 miles
WNw of Norwich, arid 96 n by e of
London. Lon. e 24 b, lat. 52 46 n.
Lyon, a city of France, capital of the
department of RHone, and the fee of
an archbifliop. Many antiquities are
ftill obferved, which evince its Roman
origin ; and before its recent calamities
it was deemed thefecond city in France
in beauty, fize, and population, but
fuperior to Paris in trade, commerce,
and manufadlures. It contained above
roo,ooo inhabitants, and upward of
30,000 of them were employed in ya-
rious manufadlures, particularly rich
ftuffsof the moftexquifiteworkmanfliipi
in filk, gold, filver, &c. The quays
were adorned .with magnificent ftruc-
tures; the catnedral was a majeftic
gothic edifice; and ,the townhoufe
was one "of the moft beautiful in Europe.
The other principal public buildings
were the exchange, the cuftomhoule,
the palace of juftice, the arfenal, a
theatre, a public library, two colleges,
and two hofpitals. The bridge, which
unites the city with the fuburb de la
Guilloticre, is ij6o feet long; and
there are three other principal fuburbs,
fix gates, and feveral fine churches.
Such was Lyon in June 1793, when it
fevoited againft the national convention.
Being obliged to furrender, in October,
the convention decreed, that the walls
and public buildings fhould "be de-
ftrayed, and the name of the city
changed to that of Ville Affranchic.
The chiefs of the infurgents had fled,
but feveral of them were afterward
MAC
takei»; and Of 3 j 28 perfonSf viho were
tried before the revolutionary tribunal,
1682 were either fhot or beheaded. In
];94, however, on the UeftruAion of
the faAion of the jambirls, ^e con-
vention decreed that the city fhouid
refume its ancient name, and that ihea>
fures Ihould be taken to reidore its
manufaAures and commerce. In" 1795,
the friends of thofe who were fo wan-
tonly pat to dieath in i'793 avenged
their fate by a general maffacre of the
judges of the revolutionary tribunal,
and of all the jacobins who. were then
confined in the prifons of Lyon, ^hia
city is feated at the conflux of the Saonc'
with the Rhone, 15 miles n of Vienna
and 220 SB of Paris. Lpn. 4 49 e, lat.
4546N.
Lyonois, a late province of France,
lying on the w fide of the Saone and
Rhone, 30 miles in length, and 17 in
breadth. This province and Beaujoloia
now form the department of Rhone.
Ljfse, a town of Norway, eight miles
ssw of Bergen.
Lysobyk'i, a town of Poland, in the
palatinate of Lublin, 20 miles knw
of Lublin.
Lyth, a village in N Yorkihire, on
the feacog^ft, 4 miles wnw of Whitby,
noted for its extenfive alum works-
M.
Mabrn, a town of the kingdom of
Alters, i'rated on the gulf of Bona, 10
miles w cf Bona.
Macaoi a town of China, in an ifland.
at the ertrance of the bay of Canton-
It is dekiided by three forts. Tbt
Portuguefc have been iti pofleffion of
the harbour fince 1640. The inhabit-
ants pay a tribute of 100,000 ducata
for the liberty of choofing their own
magiftratcs. exercifing their religion,
and living according to their own laws ;
and here, accordingly, is a Portuguefe
Sovernor, as well as a Chinefe man*
arin, to take care of the town and the
neighbouring country. Lon. 113 46 c,
lat. 2» ig N.
Macantc, a feaport of Dalmatia, and
a biihop' s fee. In its vicinity are many
fubterranerMiii ^ttos. It is feated on
the gulf of Venice, 25 miles &b of Spa*
latro. Lon. 18 7 E, lat. 43 49 K.
Macast » tovrn of Peru, in the au-
dience of ^U!to, and the capital of a
jurifdidlion, tvhich produces much grain,
fruit, tobacco, fugar-cancs, cotton, cin-
namon, and copal. It is feated on
one of the fources of the AmaioB, 170
Dd
MAC
flsileisby EofQui'p* I<«n< 7845W,
Ut. X 40 flt -
^Iqtatsart tu prinqipaV town of Ce-
Icbcfti whcfictt that iflaqd >• fometimet
called MaqaiTfir. It U « Dutch f«f Me*
menty with a refpcAable fort and gofxl
barbouCf but the Utter i« '^'d-^cult
accefi; The houfcs are of wood« kM
the r9pf< covered with very large leaves;
they a^e. built on thick pofts, to ^aard
againft 'nundations,^ and are afcendcd
by ladders^ The rajab of the Maloyot
tnbejire$dcft,herei and pay* tribute to
thf: Putcb. the tribe employs a great
number, of. lUhing proai; and their
oottbtry nMiOunds in flieept cattle*
kprie^ and goats, and produces much
rice, lilacaflar is feated at the mouth
of a river, on the sw coaft, and at the
8 end of the ftrait of Macaifar, which
ficparates Celebes from Borneo. Lon.
919 49 E, lat. 59 s>
. Maccle^eldi a town in Chclhire,
f overned by a mayor, with a market
on Monday- It has manufadlures of
mohair» twift, hatbands, buttons, and
thread, and roiUs for the winding of
fiik. Here are two churches, aud a
grammar fchool^ founded by Edward
VI. The numbcrof inhabitants in 1801
was jiff^- It is feated at the edge of a
foreft, ,near the river Buliii, 36 miles s
of Chefter, and 167 nw of London.
Lon. I 17 w, lat. 53 15 n.
.Macdufft a town of Scotland, in
j^anfllhire, with ' a good harbour, on
the. fiith of Murrayj two miles e uf
Banff. _ ;
Macedonia^ a province of Turkey in
I^urope, bounded on the n by Servia
and. Bvdgaria, £ by Komania and the
Archipelago, 9 by Livadia, and w by
Albania. The. foil i; for the inoi^ part
fertil«, and the coads in particular
abound in corn»,wiU'', oil, and every
thii\g defirabie for ule and plealurc
Salonica is the capital'
Maccira* See Maziera.
MateratOy an epifcopai town of Italy,
in the marquifate of Aticona, with a
univerfity. It is generally coniiderod
af the capital of the province, and has
about lo.oeo inhabitants. The prin«
cipal gate is built in the form of a
triumphal arch- lu 1797 it was taken
by the French. It is feated on the
Chiento, xz miles s by w of Ancoua.
Lon. 13 ij B, lat. 43 ao n.
MacJiala, a town of P«ru, in the
audience of Qiyto. The environs pro-
duce greatiiuantities of excellent cacas ;
atfo jgreat numbers of large ni.;ngrove-
tr^eh the wood of which is very diir-
ablCf and Co beat; as to link in water.
MAD
ItlVinds near, the bay cf Guayaquil, Ba
miles s of Guayaquil.
MacAeeoul, a town oS Prance, in the
department of Lower Loire, feated on
the Tenu, 20 miles sw of Mantes.
Matherry, a town ojf Hindooftan, in
the country of Mewat, 70 miles ssw '>f
Delhi.
MaehUt, a town of Maples, in the
Molife, i* miles sw of Molife.
Maehiant one of the Molucca illands,
20 miles in circumference, and tlic molt
fertile of them all. It rifcs like a conic
mountain from the lea, and produces
uie bcft cloves. The Dutch have here
three maccelUble forts. Lon. u6 55 t,
lat. o 28 N.
. Maehiati a feaport of tlic diilriA of
M«ne, capital of Wafliington county.
In 1791 Waihington academy was
eftabliOied here. The trade is con-
fiderable in fifti, lumber, boards, Ma-
gles, and hewed timber. It (lands on a
bay of its name, 65 miles ene of CaT-
tine. Lon< 6; 45 w, lat. 44 40 n.
Machieacv, Capet ^ promontory of
Spain, in the bay of Bifcay. Lon. i
43 w, lat. 43 28 K.
Machlirtt a town of Scotland, in Ayr.
fliifc, feated on an eminence near the
river Ayr, nine milcB ene of Ayr.
Machynletht a town of Wales, in
Montgomerylliire, with a market on
Monday ; feated on the Dyfi, over
vhichis abridge intoMerionethfliirc,37
miles w of Montgomcryi and 207 nw
of London.
MaeoTtt or Mtucon, a town of France,
caoital of the department of Saone
ana Loire, and lately a bifliop's fee. It
is celebrated for |oodwine, and feated
01*1 the fide of a hdl, near the Saone, 35
miles M of Lyon, and 188 SB of Paris.
Lon. 4 48 E, lat. 46 so K.
, Macriy or Maeariy a town of AGatie
Turkey, in Matolia, feated on a gulf
of its name, in the Mediterranean.
Herp are the ruins of an amphitheatreadd
an old fort, and numerous remains ot
Greek infcriptions. It is 150 miles 3t
of Smyrna. Loii. 27 24 e, lat. 36 56 v.
Macro, or Maeronisiy an iPand of the
Archipelago, near the coaft wf Livadia,
30 miles E of Athnni. Lon. 24 16 s,
lat. 37 50 K.
Maetan. See Matan^
Maculay a feaport of Arabia, in the
province of Hadramaut, 150 miles sw
of Shibam. Lon. 47 jo e, lat. 13 15 »•
Maczua, a fmall ifland in the Red fei*
nMr the coaft of Abex.
MadagMjcar, a ^rge iflaod in the
Indian ocean, difoovercd by the Por<
tugucfe, in 1492. It lies 40 le«g»«» »
M At)
ofibe continent of Africa, from wbic&
it ii feparated by the ftrait of Mofam*
bique. It extendi 900 miles from v to
i, iiid ii from abo to 360 broad. The
inbabitabts are divided into a number
of tribes, and their number is upward
ef four k^illions. The natives, who
are called Mafegachea* are commonly
tall* well made, of an olive complrnioOy
find fome of them pretty black. Tl> ^r
bair is blacky b\it hot woolly, and tor
the mod part ciirls naturally ; their nofe
iqfmall, though not flat, ami they have
tiiin lips. They have no dttes or
towns, but a great number of Villages a
Anall dift^nte fusm each other^ Theif
houfes arc pitiftil huts, without win-
dows or chimneys, and tiie roofs co-
vered with reeds or leaves. Thofe that
are dreft in the beft manner have a
piece of cotton cloth, or filk, wrapt
round their middle ; but the comnion
fort have fcarce fuificient to hide their
naliednefs. Both men And women are
fond of bracelets) necklaces, and ear^
rings. Their ordinary food confifts of
rice, beans, peas, yams, oil, fruit, cab-
bages, beef, tniitton^ gonts, poultry,
fiih, and porcypines. The flelh of hogs
is' only eaten by hunters and their
families; and ginger, green leaves,
garlic, and white pepper compofe their
fauces. They have little knowledge of
conamerce, and exchanf.e among them-
selves goods for goods i gold and fllver
coins brought by Europeans are im-
mediately melted down for ornaments,
and nocuntncy of coih is eftablifhed.
There are a gre^t many petty kings,
Wbofe riches confift in cattle and flaves,
And they are always at war with each
other. It is hard to fay what their
religioB is, for they have neither
churches nor priefts. They have no
rules^lating to marriage ; ror the men
and women cohabit together for fome
tiine, and then leave each other as
freely again. Here are a great number of
locufts, crocodiles, camf.itons, and other
animals common to Arrrca, but no ele-
phaats, tigers, lions, i!or horfes. Infers
are numerous, and many of them
troublefome. Befide the produAs al-
ready mentioned, the country yields
feveral forts of gtims and honey ; as
alfo minerals and precious ftones. 'I 'here
are only fome parts on the coalt yet
known. The chief fettlcment on the
SE coaft is Port Dauphin, Ion. 47 o a.
Int. $508} and the place moft viflted
by the Europeans is more to the .v,
called Foulcpontc, Ion. 49 fo t, lat.
17 40 s.
MAD
Madaln, a town of frac-Araib!* on
the TigriSt'^Pk miles s of B;igdad.
MaiaUnht a Tiver of Terra FimM»
which rifes in the mountain* to the ■
of Pcpayan, takes a noithei'ly courflt of
above 600 miles, and enters the Carib*
biean f^, by feveral mouths, between
Garthagerta and St. Martha.
Mude'trmt an iflind in the Atlantic
otiean, 17 miles long and 1 1 broad, and
250 «» by E of Tbneriff. ' The Portu-
guefe difcovered this ifland ia il^t^
wh(eh they found uninb;ibited, and eo-
vered'MTith Wood, and on that account*
call^H Madeira. Priiice Henry, thenext
year, fettled a colony he^, and not only
frirniflied it with the plants and domeftic
animals common in Euro^, but pro-
cured flips of the vine from Cyprus*
and plants of the fiigar-cane from
Sicily. Tbefe throve fo profperoufly,
that the fugar and wine of Madeira
quickly became articles of ft»me confe-
cfuenee in the commerce df PortugaL
The fugar-works have fince been i«-
moved, but its wine ia nOw in the high-
eft eftimation, efftotially ftich as has
been a voyage to thti £ or W Indies,
fbr it matures beft in the hotteft climate.
This ifland is alfo celebraUd for fweet-
meats, all kinds of fruit being here
candied in the moftexquiiitepeneAioh.
The fcorchin^ heat of fummer, and the
icy chill of wmter, are here unknown ;
for fprinf and autumn reign contintia)-
lyt and produce flowers and fru'Ks
throughout the year. The cedar tree is-
found in great abundance, and the
dragon tree is a native of this ifland.
Flovcers nurfed in the EngliOi green-
houfes grow wild here ia the fields ;
the hedges are moftly formed of the
myrtle, rofe, jafroine, and honeyfuckle;
while the larkfpur, fTeur.de-Iis, lupia,
&c. fpring up fpontatieoufly , in the
meadows. There are few reptiles to
be feen in the ifland ; the lizard is the
moft common. Canary birds and gold-
finches are found in the mountains.
The hog is the food moft relifhed}
they ate fufFcred to range among the
mountains, arid are hunted and caught
by dogs Salted cod is imported from
America, and is the chief diet of the
poor. Madeira is well watered and
populous. The Britidi fn^ory fettled
in this ifland, confifts of upward of
twenty commercial houfes, and have
confiuerably more of its trade than the
Portuguefe. In 1808, it furrendered,
conditionally, to the Englifli. Funchal
is the capital-
Jltladtky Marktt, a town in 3hrop«
Dda
MAD
fiiire, ^ith a market on Friday* held at
the fodt of Colebrook ]|a]c. bridge.
Here are' fiinvc iron worlcs; and a work
for obtaining foflil tar, from the fmoke-
of coal; It 18 nine miles v of Bridf Ot^
oorth, and 147 v\y of London. ,. ■
. Madkugirii a town of Hindooftan,iin
Mjrfore, with a ftrung hill-fqrt. 1ft Its
vicinity much iron is fmelted, ani)' a
J [reat number of cattle are bred* . )tjs
eatcd amid iiills and fertile valties* :«»
miilesEofSera.
Madiam or MktUaHf a town of AraMa^
Pdsva, on the ■■ fidt f the e^ " t;i ai na
of tbt Red fea. T»- /i«^' fi «*lli it
Me,|;arelSchuaid» the ;*..[>> j *<ohMi4
(or Jethro) and fuppB'v ;> t > '< the
place where Mofes tend* v iioiirs '>f-
his liather-in-law. It is 50 miles i-
Moilahi and 80 s of Acaba.
MaJrtt, or Fort St. Gtorgct the priu-
cipal ftttiement of the Eiigliih £ I41-
dia Compaoy on the b Cde of the pe-
niafula of Hindooftan, un th<; coaft of
Coroniandd. The fortrefs is of grieat
ftrengthf and % regular Iquare, about
100 yards on each 6de. It ftauds in the
iniddle of the White or Englifit town,
which has three) ftraight ftreets to the
V| and the fame number to the s pf
the fort. The boufes are covered with
a 'ftvioco called chunam, which is nearly
as ciompaft as the fineft marble, and
beam as high a poliflt : they confift of
lone colopad«S} with open porticos,
amfflat roofs; and fow of them exceed
•ne floor. The inner apartments of
tiie houfies are not decorated, prefenting
to thK eye only white walls t which,
however, from the marble-like appear-
ance of the ftucco, give a freunefs
gratefiil in fo hot a country. Ceilings
9tM. very uncommon in the rooms; it
lieing iospofilble to find any which will
rcfft the ravages of the white ants.
Oppofite the w fide of the fort is a
barrack, for the foldiers when offguard ;
and adjoining it is a convenient hof>
pital. At the other end of the barrack
is a mint, where the Company coin
gold and filver. The whole is fur-
rounded by a ftrong wall, and defended
hy batteries; baftions, &c. well fuppltied
with cannon, ftores, and other necef-
(aries. The Black town, which is alfo
walled and fortified, is inhabited by
Gentoos, Mahometans, Armenians, and
Jews. The ftreets ^ wide, with trees
planted in fome of them, which afford
ihelter from the fun. Some of the
houfes are of brick } the reft are nean
cottages in external appearance, but
all within ii neat and decent. The city
MAD
ftands in a Hat country, on a fine fandy,
beacii, and in commo'> with all t)ic
I^uropeuii TettlementK on this coaft,
has na port for (hipping j the coaft
fnrming nearly a ftraight hne ; and it it
incommoded alfo with a high and dan-
gerous furf. Madras was fettled by tli|
Engliih about the year 1640. Itwastakw
by the French in 1746, but reftored in
1748. The prefent fort, eredted fince
the deftruAion of Fort St. David in
1 758, is one of the bcft fortrefles in tlie
polKiflion of the Britiih. It is 290
miles 1 by s of Seringapatam. Lon.
80 ao B« lat. 13 « N.
Madre de Diotf an ifland in tiie
Pacific ocean, near the coaft of Patago-
nia* 180 miles in circumference. Lon.
420 w, lat. jio »'
Madre de Papa, a town of Ten-a
Firma* with a celebrated convent. It
is almoft as much . reforted to by pit
frims of America, as Loretto is in
urope ; and they pretend that the
image of the Virgm has done a great
many miracles in favour of the fea-
faring people. It is feated on the
Madelena, 50 miles b of Carthagena.
Madrid, the capital of Spain, in
New Caftlle. It was formerly an in>
confiderable place, belonging to the
archbilhop or Toledo; but the purity
of the air engaged the court to remove
higher, and it is now a confiderable
city. It contains 77 churches. 66 con^
vents, 15 gates'of granite, and about
148,000 inhabitants. The houfes are
moftly built of ftone ; the ftreets are
long, broad, and ftraight, and adorned,
at proper diftances, with handfome
fountains. Thera-are above 100 towers
or fteeples, in different places, which
contritnite greatly to the embelliihment
of the city. It ftands in a plain, fur-
rounded by mountains, and has a high
wall, built of mud. The old royal
palace being burnt dawn in 1734,
another was ereded on a large fcale :
each front is 470 feet long and lot
high, fo that this immenfe pile towers
over all the country ; and no palace in
Europe is fitted up with more royal
magnificence : the audience chamber i«
a double cube of 90 feet, hung with
crimfon velvet, and adorned with Urge
looking-glalTes, a fumptuous canopy,
and painted ceiling. The churches and
monafteries contain many paintings, by
the moft celebrated matters. The
fineft fquare in Madrid is the Placa
Mayor, which is 1536 feet in circuit,
furrounded by houfes, five ftories high,
all of an equal height ; every ftor/
MAD
|)ein{f adorned with a handrome bal-
coofc 2°<1 the fronts fupported by
columns* which form very fine arcades.
Here the auto da fes were formerly
celebrated, with all their terrible ap-
paratus; and it is ftill the theatre of
bull fights, which arc given at the royal
feafts. Cafa del Campo is a royal houfe
of pleafure, about naif a mile from
Madrid, with fine gardens, pleafant
walks, and a great many uncommon
animals- Buen Retire is another royal
palace near the city, and is a pleafant
retreat in the heat of fummer, there
being a great number of fiih-ponds,
grottos, tents, groves, and hermitages.
Madrid has royal pianufadtures of
china, cards, faltpetre^ &c. but the city
bag little trade, and chiefly profpers by
the prefence of the court. It is feated
on the river Manzanares, which, though
finall, is adorned with a magnificent
bridge. In March 1808, this city was
entered by the French, under Murat,
and the royal family reti; '!d into France :
on July 2oth, Jofeph Bonaparte entered
it ai king of Spam ; but the ufurper,
and his adherents, deemed it prudent
to retreat on the 3 lit, taking with them
fuch treafure as they had the means
of conveying : in December following,
it furrendered, without refiftance, to
the French, under Napoleon, who ap-
pointed and left Murat lieutenant-gene-
ral. Madrid is 265 miles nb of Liuon,
and 625 ssw of Paris. Lon. 3 54 w, lat.
40 y N.
Madridt New* a town of Louifiana,
capital of a new fettlement, which,
from its local fituation, Is likely to be-
come a place of great trade. It is feat-
ed on the Miflimppi, 50 miles below
the influx of the Ohio, and 240 w by s
of Frankfort, in Kentucky. Lon. 89
,43 w, lat. 36 34 N.
Madrigal^ a town of Spain, in Old
Caftile, feated in a plain, fertile in ex-
cellent wine, 10 miles NE of Medina del
Campo.
Madrigat, a town of Terra Firma, in
the province of Popay^ui, ' ^o miles s by
E of Popayan. Lon. 75 45 w, lat. o
JON.
Madrisioy a town of Italy, in Friuli,
30 miles N of Venice.
Madrogan, the capital of Mocaran-
a, with a fpacious royal palace.
he upper part of the houfcs is in the
fiiape of a bell. Lon. 29 40 e, lat. 18
cs.
Madurd, a towrn of Hindooftan, ca-
pital (rf a province of the fame name,
m the Camatic. It is fortified with
%ar« towers and parapets, and has one
5-1
MAE
of the moi|iaperb pagodas in' RindoO'
flan. It is T30 miles n ve of Cape Co-
morin, and 270 ssw of Madras. Lon.
781a «, lat. 9^5 N. M
Madurot an ifland in the Indian oceany
lying to the v of the b end of the ifland
of Java. It is 75 miles long and la
broad, and the chief town is of the fam*
name, Qtuate on the s coaft. Loa. x x%
5^B, lat. ia3oa.
Maelert a lake of Sweden, 89 raXA
long and so broad, between the pro-
vinces of Weitmania and S^derm&ia.
It contains feveral fine iflands,*i«uftf ally
frozen during a few weeks in wintef,
and opens an eafy communiitsation, by
fledges, between the interior parts of
Sweden and the dty of Stockholm.
Maelstrom, a dangerous whirlpool on
the coaft of Norwar, in 68 n lat. and
near the ifland of Moikoe, whence it is
alfo named MoikdlMkrom. When it is
flood, the flream runs up the country
with a boiAerous rapidity ; but the
roar of its impetuous ebb to the fea {t
fcarcely equalled by the loudefk cata-
raAs. The whirlpool is of fuch an ex-
tent and depth, that if a fhip comes
within its attradlion, it is inevitably
abforbed and beat to pieces againft
the rocks below ; and wnen the water
relaxes, the fragments come up asain.
The intervals of tranquillity are only at
the turn of the ebb and flood, and calm
weather; they laft but a quarter of an
hour, its violence gradually returning.
When the Itream is moft boifterous,
and its fury heightened by a ftorm,
vefTds have been reached by it at the
diftance of five miles.
Maerna, a town of Germany, In Ty-
rol, 23 miles wsw of Trent.
Maeseyk, a town of the Netherlands,
in the territory of Liege, on the river
Meufe, 10 miles ssw of Huremonde.
MaeslandiluifSt a town of S Holland,
near the mouth of the Meufe, 10 miles
w of Rotterdam.
Maestricht, a city of the Netherlands*
about four miles in circumference,
feated on the Meufe, oppofite Wyck,
with which it communicates by a ftone
bridge. The number of inhabitants is
eftimated at 18,000. It has fine long
flre^ts, many churches and convents,
a college formerly belonging to the
jefuits, a council-houfe with its library,
and manufadlures of cloth and fire<arms.
Near it is the lofty moimtain of St.
Peter, with a fortrefs ; and a ftone
quarry, with fuch a number of fub-
terranean palfages as to be capable df
containing 40,000 perfons. The other
fortifications and the fituation of Maef>
V AG
iriuht AM Tuchi thAt it i»4Mmu(l ow of
ihe (\«'(<nKc(l places in IWopc. Thin
(:ity i«voUcd hum SpAin In ttfo, and
wai rctflken by the priiic^ of Paro^a in
tj^9. In i6,{t> ttiu prinoe uf Orangi!
ruiucud it lifter \ wetnorMn Ilegei and
it was connrmwd to the Dutch In it^^.
Lewi* xtv took it in i6;r,i| VV{\|iain
prince of Orange {'.vcdcd it In vain, in
1676) but, in lA^fi, it \y.ii rcftore^ tp
Ut« Di^tch. In 174I. it W4I bci\««rd
(y tbu Fiencb, who wtrr pet-mitted 19
tm poflVflion of it on condition pf iti
^iog ):cfto|ped at the peace then ne-
gotlaiing, At tl\e cojnmenccmt'nt of
if9i\i wai un(\iccer»rt)lly attacked by
jfhe Frtnch. but they bocan\c m.illeri of
it toward the end of thv following
Sear ; and It U now tlie cnpltht of the
epartmpnt of Lower Mcufo. The
number of iqhatkUantti i> cftin:>.ued at
i8iOoo> It li 14 miU's MMii of Liege,
and 58 K of Oruffeli. Lon. s 48 a, lat.
SO 40 «•.
Mi{/ra, a town of Portugal, in E&
trcmndurat with a college K>unded in
I77». Near thia place, in a fanJy and
barren fpol, Jt^n v erfc^ed .1 building
of extraordinary piagnificrnce. This
yms done in purfuanc^ of a vow, ntade
ii) a d-'ingvruus fit ^f illncfK. to found a
fionvont for the ufc of the poorvft
riary in the Kingdom i whici\ was
found at Mafra, where twelve Fran*
cifcans lived together in .1 hut. The
town is feated near the fca, 18 miles
KMw of Lifbon.
Ma^i^aJh or Majhtry, a town of
^indooftan. in My(orc, feated in a hilly
country abounding in timber-trees^
(lone* and iron, 34 miles w of Ban-
galore.
M/igadoxot the capital of a kingdom
of th^ fainc name, on the eoaft of Ajan,
with a citadel* and good harbour, ft
ftands at the mouth of a river of its
jiame, which is liippofed to have a
long coni-fe, having rogulai int^ndations
that fcrtilife the country to a gr^^at ex-
tent. The king and his court are Ma-
hometans ; his fubie(ft«, of what ex-
tract foever (forfomV of them are white,
others tawny and olive» and others
Siitc black) all fpeakthe Aribic tongue ;
ey arc (lout and warlike, ^iid among
other weapons ufe poifoncd arrows and
lances. The city is a place of great
commerce, receiving from Adel and
other parts, cotton^ fllk, fpices. and
drugs, in exchange for gold, ivory,
wax, and other commodities- Lon. 46
aj B, lat. s 10 v.
yfe^iaten hlanJst a group of fevcn
fmall ires, in the gulf of St. I.iwrcncc,
MAO
near Us •ntrAnco. Th'-r are inhabitti
by a few families, whole chief fuppor^
is derived fi urn Anting.
^tagiattnat a rlvi;r of LoulGani.
which rlftts in the mountains that fcp«-
rate Loulfiana from Kttw Modco, andl
runs into the Pacific ocean, to the »w
of thr bay of St. Lewis.
MlaaMeburty a duchy of Germany, in
the circle of Lower Saxony, boumled
on the N and ■ by Brandenburg, 1 b/
Anhalt and {ialberftadt, and w by
Brunfwick. It is divided into four
circles, liolz, SaaK Jcrich, and Zw^tx.
The oountry is in gt-nyral levvl. and the
parts which are not mardiy and over-
grown with wood arc very fertile.
The fait fprings are of fuch rfchners,
that they arc able to fupply all Ger-
many withfalt, ThiH duchy belonged
to the king of Pruflla. but by the
treaty of Tilfit in t|lQ7i be gave up
that pan which lies on the left Qdc 0^
the Elbe.
Mcgdeiurgy a fortified city, capita
of the duchy of the fame nante. It Has
a handfome palace, a citadel with a fine
arfenal, anci a magnificent cathrdral,
which CQhtait\s the fuperb maufoleum
of Qtho the great. Wv. inhabitants
are computed at : 6,000. lieic are
i\Utnuf4^)ii>res of cotton and linen goodi,
(lockings, glovcH, porcelain, and to-
bacco { but the principal .irc (hofe of
woollen and (Ilk. ^t ia well fituate for
trade, OR the left bank of ^he Elbe, by
which it has an eafy communHlioti
with Hamburg. It waa taken by (lorni,
in 163 1, by the Audvians, who burnt
the town, except the cathedral and 1
f«'\v houics adiaccnt, and malTacred
abovK 10,000 of the inhabitants; but it
was foon liandfomely rebuilt. In 1806
it furrendcred to the French. It is 43
miles wsw o( Rrandenburg, and i;o'<i!
of Hamburg. Lon. 11 53 e, lat. 5a i»n.
Mageilan, a ftrait of S America.
difcovered, in 1510, by Ferdinando
Magellan, a Portuguefe m the feryice
of Spain- It has iincc been failed
through by fevcral navigators ; but the
pafl'ago, upward of aoo miles, being dan-
gerous and troublcfonie, they now fail
round Cape Horn. The Spaniards call
the country to the n of this ftrait
Ticrra Magell^nica, ai\d rccko<» it a
part of Ch;li.
^ta,lfgeree^ or Mageron, a l.irgi' illand,
on the coail of Norway, and the moft
northern land in Europe. It is feparated
from the continent, on the », by a
narrow channel ; and its k extremity u
an enormous rock, cillcd North Cape
Lon. 15 57 K, lat. 71 16N'
;:t..i.
•
M A H
Maihtr^ffU • towo of IrvUnd* in
the county or Londanderry* with a
cooflderftbtc linen minufiAiiret «} milci
w of Antrim, and 30- ac of London-
deny.
j4V'''t * clvci* of Swiflierland, in the
ciflton of Tcfllni whifh ntna •, with
rapidity, through a narrow vallisy of iti
oimc* and cnteri the lake Magiore,
nrir Locarno.
Maxift 1 town of Swiflcrland, in the
canton of Teflin, feated on the river
M«gia, 10 milci nnw of Locarno.
Mttgioret a lalie lying principally in
tb<- duchy of Milan, in Italyi and the n
part in the canton of Teflin, in Swiflir-
Ixnd. It it ,10 mitet in length, and four
where broadnft. The river Tcftno runt
s through ita whok; length ; and it
containn thfl ccii'bratcd Boromvan iflut,
which are covered with orange and le-
mon trret.
Mugliano, a town of Italy, c.ipital
of the pruvinct* of Sabina. fcatcd on a
mountain, ocdr the liver Tiber, a8
milei M iif Rqnie. Lon. is ,13 t:, lat>
4:2? N.
Miignaiwica, a town and fort of
Italy, in the Fvrrarcfe, feated at the
mouth of the lake of Comachio, in the
gulf of Venlcci three milea sk of Coinu-
chio.
Magnha. See Manachia,
Magnj/t a tuwit of Franco, in the de-
partment of Seine and Oife, ji miles
NW of Paris.
hlttgrat a river of Italy, which rifes
in the Apeiininct, on thfc s confines of
Parma, and flowt by Pontremoli and
Sarfana into the gulf of Grrioa.
Mafiiihu, a town of Fgypt, capital
of Garbia. It carries on a coiiiulerable
trade in linen, cottons, and fal-ammo-
niac; and the inhabitants have ovens to
liatcii chicken. Lon. 30 31 e, lat. 31
JON.
Mahanadat a river of Hindooftan,
which rifes in the kf. part of Berar,
crofles Ori.Ta, and enters the bay of
Bengal, by feveral mouths, below Cat-
tack. Thefe mouths form an airem-
Wage of low woody iflands ; and at the
mouth of the principal chaniicl, near
Falfc Point, is a fortified ifland, named
Cajung or Codjung.
Mabdia. Sec Mtdea.
Mabe, a town of Hindooftan, in Jfa-
labar, which formerly bi-longed to the
French, but was taken by the Englifli
in 179^, and is now the chief place of
the Company's commerce in tlie pro-
vince. Black pepper and cirdamons
are the chi«;f articles of export; but the
greater part of thpfc are brought from
TVf A I
the countnr Above tbc Gaut«. l>Uht it
fltuate on i||h grotmd, at tht mouth of
a rivcTf fivrmilea atic of Tcllich«rf.'
Mahlhergt a town and caftic of
Suabia. in the Brifgau, i;>mUct n of
Friburg.
Mtinmoodahadt a town of Hindoo-
ftan, in Ouzerat, 17 milet aiK of AiiM*
dabad.
Mahmudpour, a town of Hindooftan,
in Bengal, 80 milet nk of Calcutta.
Ma/iemdyt a town of Hindooftan^ iii
the country of Oude. 70 milet nw Of
Lucknow, and 150 kse of Delhi.
Mmhrattaff two powerful ftaln of
Hindooftan, which derive their nanw
from Mahrat, an ancient province of
the Decoan. They arc caHed the Poo-
nah, or Weftern Mahrattat, and the
Berar, or £aftern. ColleAively, they
occupy all the a part of Hindooftan
Proper, with a large proportion of the
Deccan. Maiwa, OiiVa, Candeifli, and
Viiiapour; the principal parts of Berar*
Gu/enit, and Agimere^ and a fmall
part of Dowlatabad, A^a, and Alla-
habad, are compril'ed within their em-
pire, which extends from fea to fea,
acrofs the wideft part of the peninfula ;
and from the confines of Agra north-
ward to the river Kiltna fouthward;
forming a trafl of 1000 ntilet long and
700 broad. The woftem Rate, the ca-
pital of which is Poonah, ia divided
among a number of chiefs, or princos,
whofti obedience to the paifliwah, or
head, is merely nominal at any time :
and, in fome cafes, an oppoiition of
interefts produces wart, not only he-
twtriin the members of the ftate, but
alfo between the members and the
he.id. Nagpour is the capital of the
Eaftern Mahrattas. Both thefe ftates,
in 1792, were in alliance with the £n-
gliOi in the war againft Tippoo» from
whofn territories they gained fome ac-
quifitions, which were ceded to them in
1799. Their armies are principally
compofcd of light horfe.
Alabrburg, See Marchburg.
Makurt a town of Hindooftan* ca-
pital of a circar of its name, in the
country of Berar ; feated on the Chin
Gonga, which flows into the Godavery,
140 miles sw of Nagpour. Lon. 78 34
E, lat. 19 24 N.
Muida, a town of Naples, in Cala-
bria Ulteriorc. On the p'ain near this
place, in 1806. a vidVory was obtained
by 5000 Britilh troops over 8000 French.
It is nine miles wnw of Squillace-
Maidenhead, a town in Berk Ih ire,
governed by a mayor, with a market
on Wedneulay, and a good trade in
MAI
miltt ni«tl» and Umber. It it featcd
•a tht ThAmcf , over whkiUs a hridfe,
i« tnilct I Inr N of Reidilfi and «6 w
kywofLoodon.
Mttidtmit ap ifl^nd in the Padic
ooean» 56 mile* lon^f and nine broad.
In the irw part of 1 -. native copper it
Ibund. Lon. 167 10 n» lat. 54 40 h.
iS^diitHCt a borough and the county-
town of Kent» governed by a m;^) or,
with a aurket on Tbuifday. It hat a
Iridt trade In czportiaf, the commodi-
tka of thft county, particttlarly bopt, of
wUcb tbere are numerout plantationt
aromd 1 hoe are Ukewife papenmillt,
and a manufadlure of linen. In 1801
the number of inbabitantt wai 8017.
It it featcd on the Medwaj, over which
it a bridge, ao milet w or Canterbury,
and 34 KtK of London. Lon. o 38 a,
lat 51 16 ir.
MaUcetayt a lofty fortrefs of Hin-
dooltan, in Myfore, and one of the
moft celebrated placet of Hindoo wor-
fhip. The large temple is a fauare
buikting of great dimenfions. and the
fi«fel« oelonging it are very valuable,
ere, in 1771, Hyder was completely
routed by the Mahrattat. It is 17 milet
N of Senngapatam.
MaUltzaist a town of France, in the
department of Vendee, feated in an
ifland formed by the Seute and Autize,
feven miles a of Fontenay le Comte,
and 2a NB of Rochelle.
Mainat a feaport of European Tur-
keyt in the Morea, which gives name
to a diftridt that lies between two bays
of the Mediterranean fca. The inha-
bitants could never be fubdued by the
Turks, on accoimt of their valour and
their mountains. The town is feated
00 the bay of Coron, 46 miles s by w
of Mifitra. Lnn. aa 10 e, lat. 36 34 nr.
MaMurgt a town of Bavaria, fituate
on the Ambs, itt milt^ rse of Ingpld-
ftadti and 3a wne of Munich.
Maine, a diftriA belonging ta the
ftate of Maflachufets, 300 milet long
and 100 broad; bounded on the vw by
tbe high lands, which feparate the rivers
that flow into the St. Lawrence and
thofe that flow ino the Atlantic; on
the E by the river St. Cioix, and a line
drawn due n from its fource to the
iaid hiffh lands, which divides t!iift ter-
ritory from New Brunfwick; on the
SB by the Atlantic; and on the w by
New Hampihire. It is divided into
five counties, York, Cumberland, Lin-
coln, Hancock, and Waihington. The
chief riven are the Fenobfcot, Kennebec,
Saco, Androfco^gin, St. John, and St.
Croix; and it has feveral linall lakes.
MAI
Thoogb indented trad, it canna( be
called mountainmit, and a tmt pro.
portion of the lands are arabte and e*.
ceedlngly fertile* Hopa are the feon-
taneout growth of thit country. The
treet are white pinCf l^moc, maple,
beech, white and |ray oak, and yellow
birch; thcfe, at fnip timber, bMrdi,
and every i^iet ot fplit lumber, are
the principal exportt of the country.
The heat in fumme/ it intenfe, and the
cold in winter extreme } all the lakei
and riven are ufually pafllible on ice,
from Chriftmat till the middle of March.
Portland it the capital.
Mainf, a late province of France,
iiounded on the v by Normandy, a by
Orleanoii, t by Touraine and Anjou,
and w by Bretagne. It now forms the
departmentt of Mayenne and Sarte.
Mtutut a river of Germany, which
rifes in Franconia. flows by Bamberg,
Wurtzburg, Afchaffeubura, Hanau,and
Frankfort, and joins the Rhine a little
above Mentz.
MatneviUe, a town of FrancCi in the
department of £ure, 24 miles ese ^
Rouen.
Mainland, the largeft of the Sbet-
land ifles, 60 miles long and in feme
places 16 broad ; but it projects into
the fea with many irregular promont»
ries, and is indented by numerous bays
and harbours. The face of the coun-
try exhibits a profpeA of black craggy
mountains and marfhy plains, inter-
fperfed with fome verdant fpots, which
appear fmooth and fertile. Neither tree
nor flirub is to be feen, except thejuni-.
per and the heath. The mountains
abound with various kinds of game.
Lofty cliiTs, impending over the ocean,
are the> haunts of eagles, falcons, and
ravens. The deep caverns underneath
ftjelter feals and otters ; and to the wind-
ing bays refort fwans, geefe, fcarfs,
and other aquatic birds. The fe<is
abound with cod, turbot, and haddock ;
and, at certain feafons, with (hoals of
herrings. Lobfters, oyfters, mufcles,
&c. are alfo plentiful. The hills are
covered with black-cattle and fheep of
a fmall breed ; the horfes are alfo of a
diminutive lize, but remarkably ftrongt
and called Shetland ponies. The rivu-
lets and lakes abound with ialmon,
trout, &c. No mines have been
wrought, but there are vifible appear-
ances of various metallic ores. The in-
habitants are hardy, docile, and ingeni-
ous- They manufadure linen and wool,
len cloth for their own ufe ; and worfted
ftockings, fome of fine texture and great
value, for exportation ; but their prin-
M A K
cipilocctipatlon isAfliing. Lerwick ii
Mmnland, the principal of the Ork-
nty iflands. See Pomtna.
mintttieti, a town of France, in the
drparttnent of Eurc and Loir, with a
collegiate church, and a priory, fcatrd
between two mountains, on the river
Eure, five milet m by i of Chartren.
Mnjombo, a country on the coaft of
Guinea* between Biafara and Gaboni
of which little is known. ^ *
Majorcat an ifland of Spain, 60
milet long and 45 broad, fituate in the
Mediterranean lea, between Ivica and
Minorca. The whole coafV is lined With
ftrong towers* The »w part is motin-
tiiinous; the reft produces good comt
olive-trees, fine Honey, and delicate
wine. It has no rivers, though there
are a great many fine fountains and
wells. The inhabitants are robuft and
livelv, and make go- d fiilors-
Majerea, a ftrong city, capital of the
ifland of the fame name, and a bifliop's
fee. The public fquares, thr? cathe-
dral, and the royal palace, .ire magnifi-
cent It contams 4000 houft», btiilt
after the antique manner; a univeriity,
more ancient than celebrated ; and z»
cboKhes, befide the cathedral. The
harbour is extremely good. It was
taken hy the EngUfh in i;o6, and re-
taken in 1715. It is feated on the sw
fde of the inand. Lon. a 30 e, lat. 39
Malrf, Ltt a ftrait of S America, be-
tween Staten illand and Terra del
Fuew, in lat. 55 s.
Ma'tiyt a town of France, in the de-
partment of Calvados, five miles n of
Ifieni. and %f wuw of Caen.
jhjumba. See Mayamba,
Malxentt St. a town of France, in
the department of Two Sevres, with a
Kenedidine abbey, and a trade in corn,
ftockings, and woollen ftufTs; f»"ated
on the Sevre, a6 miles sw of Poiti- rs.
MaiareVt a town of Rudia, in the
government of Niznei Novogorod, fi-
tuate on the Volga, 24 miles ene </
Niznei Novogorod.
Makar'uf, or Makareu, a town of
Ruflia, in the government of Koltroma.
It is the capital of the province of Unza,
and fituate on the river Un/a, 80 miles
E of Koftroma. Lon. 44 14 e, lat. 58
JON.
Makert a village in Cornwall, feven
miles SE of St. Oermains on an emi-
nence, forming the vv poi\it of the en-
trance of Hamoaze, at Plymouth. On
the heights is a very ftrong battery;
and the fteeple of the churph, called
M A t
Maker Towtti is a noted feamat k. Lofl.
4 «D w, Ut.|p a I N.
Makoondot a town of Hindo<iftan. in
the country of Allahab.id, 66 miles a of
Allahabad, and no nne of Gurrah.
Lon. 84 57 E, lat. 34 33 k.
Mnkra». Sec Meeran.
Malabar^ A province on th e W conk
of the peninfula of HindooO^n, lying
between thofe of Canara and Cochin'.
Including the diftridts of Ouorg and
Wynaad, above the Oauts , it is 130
mifcfl in len^h) and 60 in b^-eadth. It
was dhrided among feveral p< Jtty princes't
who were fubdued by Hy<W ; and on
the termination of the wa r with Tip-
pno, in 1792,11 was ceded, to the En-
glifti. The land is well, cultivated;
and there are many forefts. Oxen and
bufTalos are numerous, btit of a dimi-
nutive fize. No horfe.s, afiVs, fheep,
nor goats are bred ; I nit common
poultiy are in abundanci;. It is well
watered by rivers ; but n oni; have any
peculiar appellation, eacli portion be-
inff called by the name o f the remark"-
able place near which itt flows. The
capital is Calicut. Tht: whole coaft
from the northern part o f this pro>ynce
to the foutherne xtremi«cy of Ffindoo-
ftan !b called the Coaft of Malabar. The
natives are all blacks, or at leaft of a
dark olive complexion, ^vith long black
hair, and tolerable features. In fome
places they arediftinguifhed into tribes,
all of which are brought up to the fame
employment as their parents. Thefe
f.re the Gentoos, of wbom fee an ac-
count under the article Uinduontan.
Malacca^ or MalayOf a peninfuli of
Afia, containing feveral petty king-
doms ; bounded on thii n by Siam, R
by the ocean, and sw by the ftrait of
Malacca, which feparates it from Su<
matra. It is 560 miles in length, and
150 in breadth. It produces few cotn-
modities for trade, excfpt tin and
elephants teeth ; but thtr« arc a great
many excellent fruits and roots, pepper
and other fpices, wirh fome precious
gums and woods. The pineapples are
the beft in the world ; and the cocoa
nuts have fhelln that will hold an En-
glifh quart. There is but little corn,
and ftjeep and oxen are fcjirce; but
hog8 and poultry ai'e pUmtifiil- The
Malays are rather below the middle
ftature, their limbs well (liaped, but
particularly flender at the writts and
ancles. Their coniplsxion is tawny,
their eyes large, their nolos rather fiat,
and their hair long, black, and (hining.
They are fond <»f navigation, war,
plunder, emigration, advent urcs, and
. «
4
M A L
gallantry. They tilk incelThntly of
thrir honour and bravef*, and (peak
the foiSteft language of Ana; yet they
are dc.jmed the moft trcachMous fero-
cious }it;opIe on the face of the globe.
Their religion is a mixture of Maho-
metanil'm. The inland parts are pof-
fefled by a favagc and barbiuous peo-
ple, who take delight in doing mif-
chief to t|ieir neighbours.
MalaciVt a feaport. and the capital
of a ktngtiom of the fame name, in the
peninfula of Malaya. The Dutch have
a ftidory here, which they took from
the PortUituefe in 1640; and it was
taken from them by the Englifli in
1795. Mal'acca is featt:d on the ftrait
of its name, 480 miles st of Achcen.
Lon. 102 5 it lat. » is n.
Malaga, ; i feaport and cpifcopul town
of Spain, in Granada, with two caftles,
and a good harbour. The cathedral is
a ftnpendou* pile, bi«gun by Philip 1 1
while marrittl to Mary of England, and
their united irms are over the gate. Its
commerce \\\ principally in raifms and
excellent wirtcs ; and it has a manufac-
ture of can Is. The inhabitants are
about 4o,ooc», but a great part are
thieves and m cndicant?. It is feated on
the Mediterranean, furrounded by hills,
70 miler. wsw cf Granada. Lon. 4 10 w,
lat. 36 35 N.
Ma'.amoccot .1 fniall ifland ard town
in the Lagunts of Venice, tive miles s
«f Vi'nice.
MalatittjZ fown of Afiatic Turkey,
in Aiadulia, and a biftiop's fee ; feated
on the w fidt of" the Euphrates, qo
miles WKW of Diarbckar. i.oii. 37 /;o
X, lat. 37 30 N.
Malanuulli/, a town of Hindooftan,
in Myfore, witb a large mud fort, fe-
parated into tv»o parts by a tranfverfe
wall. Here is a fsuitgarden, ot great
extent, planred by the late t\iltans. Jt
is 27 miles v. of SLringapatam.
Miilchin, a tciwn of Lowtr Saxony,
In the duchy uf Mecklenburg, fratt-d
on the river Pet re, where it forms th«i
lake Camrow, :.a miles tsE of Guf-
trow.
Miili/io, a tow* of Lower Saxony, in
the duchy of ^fccklt-nburg:, between
the lakes Calpin and Plau, i^ miles ssr,
•f Gullrow.
Mulder,, a borrdigh in EfTex, with a
market on SaturJ^y; ft'ated on an
eminenc*^ on the sivcr Blackwatcr. It
has two parifli cliurches; and a third,
v'liich it had formerly, has bcon long
t'lniverted into a fiti'lchool. Vetlcls of
a HKnterate biird' n come up to the
Voui), but lar^i; lUips arc obliged to
M A L
unload at a didance below, in BUck>
water bay. The cuftom of Borough.
Englilh is kept up here, by which the
youiigeft fon, and not the eldeft, fuc.
cecd.s to the burgage tenjire, on the
death of his father. This town carries
on a confiderable trade, chiefly in com,
fait, coal, iron, dcalii, and wine. It it
lo miles E of Chelmsford, and ^7 nk of
Loudon.
Maldives, a cluiler of fmall iflands,
19 the Indian ocean, lying sw of Cape
Comorin. The noithernmoft, called
Head of the Ifles, or Kelly, is in lon. 73
4 E, lat. 7 5 N ; and Maldiva, in which
the king relides, is in lon. 7535 e, fat.
4 !5 N. They are innumerable ; but all
low and fandy, and moft of them un,
inh.-ibited. Tiicy arc divided into 13
attollons, or provinces, each having its
feparate governor, who rules with great
oppreflion. The fubjedts are mifcrably
poor, and appear to be a mixture of
Arabs and Hindoos from Malabar.
They fupply fhips with fails and cor-f
dage, cocoa-nuts, oil, and honey, dry
fill), tortoife-fhell, and efpecially cou-
ries. The king alHimes the title of
Sultan of the Maldives, king ofthirtwn
provinces, and twelve thoufand illcs.
MaUsherbei, a tow'n of France, in the
department of Loirct, 1 1 miles ne of
Pluvicrs.
Malestroit, a town of France, in the
department of Morbih.in, feated on the
Ouft, 17 miles f,\r of Vannes.
Malkam, a village in W Yorkfhire,
fix mileb r. of Settle. It has mountains
and Hung grounds on every fide, abound-
ing in natural curiofities; and among
tiicm, on a high moor, is a circular lake,
ibout a iiiile in diameter, which is the
fouixe of the river Airi-.
Malincu See Mechlin.
Malio, Cafie, or .SV. ylnjuelo, a capo of
the Morea, at the s entrance of "lie gulf
of N.ipoli, I c, miles e of Malvafia.
Malitiaiirou^a, a rlv(!r of Cfylon,
which rifcb among the hills to the ir. of
Cindy, nearly eiicompaflTes that city,
and, after many circuitous windings
among mountains, enters the ft:a at
Trincomale. It is fo deep ns to be
ftirdable only toward the fourcc, but
the rocks which every where break its
courfo prevent it from being navigated.
Malkar, a town of Hindooftan, in
thecounlry of (i«Iconda, sj miles se of
Calberga, and 54 w of Hydrabad.
Mrillii<ilee,ii town of France, in the
department of Lower Loire, 15 milts
NW of Naiite?.
Mallicollo, one of the hrgeft of the
New Hebrides, in the Pacific ocean.
At
ce below', in Blaclc.
cuftom of Borough,
here, by which the
not the eldeft, inc.
[age tenure, on the
. Thii town carries
rade, chiefly in com,
al8, and wine. It ii
nsford,and37 Nsof
ler of fmall iflands,
n, lying sw of Cape
lorthcrnmoft, called
ir Kelly, is in Ion. 73
d Maldiva, in which
I in k)». 7535 E, bt.
iiinumernble ; but all
1 moft of them uhi
are divided into i^
nces, each having its
who rules with great
ubjedls are miferably
to be a nnixture of
30S from Malabar,
with fails and cur>
oil, and honey, dry
and cfpecially cou-
irumes the title of
ives, king of thirteen
Ive thoufand illcs.
\vfn of France, in the
irct, 1 1 miles ne of
srn of France, in the
bihan, featcd on the
'. of Vannes.
ge in W Yorkfhire,
It has mountains
\n every fide, abound-
ofitifs; and among
or, is a circular lake,
imetcr, which is the
A in-.
'eehliiu
it. Anfrflo, a capp of
entrance of "Ik- gulf
E of Malvafia.
river of Coyion,
le hills to the iv- of
inipafTes that city,
ircuitoiis windings
enters the ftia at
fo deep as to be
,rd the fourcc, but
ry where break its
)ni being navigated.
of Hindooftan, in
onda, ss miles SE of
of Hydrabad.
n of France, in the
,er Loire, 15 miles
' the hrgeft of the
the Pacific ocean.
MAt
^t titends so leagues from nw to sb.
I'h* inland mountains are very high,
luid clad with forefts. Its vegetable
produAions are luxuriant, and in great
variety, cocoa-nuts, bread-fruit, bana-
Has, fugar-canes, yams, eddoea, tur-
meric, and oranges. Hogs and com-
mon Doultry arc the domeftic animal*.
The inhabitants appear to be of a race
totally diftindl from thofc of the Friend-
ly and Society iflands- Their form,
language, and manners, are widely Hf-
fcrent, They feem to correfpond jn
many particulars with the natives of
New Guinea, particularly in their black
colour and woolly hair. They go al-
moft njked, are of a flender make, have
lively, but very irregular ugly features,
and tic a rope fall round their belljr.
They ufe bows and arrows as their
principal weapons, and t!>e arrows are
faid to be fometimes poifoncd. They
keep their bodies entirely free from
punflures, which is one particular that
remarkably diftinguifhes them from the
other tribes of the Pacific ocean. At
these end of the ifland is a port, named
Sandwich Harbour. Lon. if^y 53 e, lat.
16 j.i;s.
Mailing, IVcJt, a town in Kent, with
a market on Saturday, fix miles w pf
Maidftone, and 29 f by s of London.
Mal/oiv, a bcorough of Ireland, in the
county of Cork. Here are confidtrable
Hncn manufaflures, and a fine fpring of
tepid water. It is feated on the Black-
water, 17 miles N by w of Cork.
Malmedyt a town of the Nether-
lands, in the ten-itory of Liege, wifh a
Benedidline abbey, and fome mineral
fprings equal to thofe of Spa. It is
feated on the Recht, 13 miles s by e of
Limburg.
Malmoe, a fortified feaport of Sweden,
in the province of Schonen, with a l.irgc
harbour and a firong citadel. It has
fineftreet8,and manufaftures of woollen ;
and is feated on the Sound, 10 miles sw
of Lund, and 18 e by s of Copenhagen,
ton. 137 E, lat. 5536 N.
Malmsas, a town of Sweden, in the
province of Suclcrmania, 13 miles wnw
of Nikoping.
Malmsbury, a borough in Wiltfhire,
with a market on Saturday, and a
woollen manufadlurc. Here was for-
merly a large abbey; and at the end of
the cemetery are two ancient churches.
It is feated on a hill, almoft fiirrounded
by the Avon, over which it has fix
bridges, »6 miles e by a of Briftol, and
96 w of London.
Malo, St. a feaport of France, in the
department of Ille and Vilaine, and
M AL
Isitely an cmfcopal fee. It has a large
in cmfcopal (
r, diiltult of
harbour, diBtult of accefs, on account
of the rocks that furround it ; and is a
trading place, of great importance, de-i
ftnded bv a ftrong caftle. It was bom-
barded by the Englifti in (693, but
without fucceftt. In 1758, they landed
in Cancaile bay, went to the harbour hj
land, and burnt above 100 ihips. St.
Malo is feated on an ifland, united to
the mainland by a catifeway, 44 miles
nsw of Renncs. Lon. 2 4 w, lat 48
39 N.
Malbartido, a town of Spain, in Ef-
trcmadura, 14 miles s of Placentia.
Malpas a town in Chefhire, with a
market on Monday, feated on a high
hill, near the river Dee, 15 miles SE of
Cheiter, and 165 nw of London.
Malpla(juet, a village of the Nether-
lands, in Hainault, feven miles s by e
of Mons ; famous for a vidlory gained
over the French, by the duke of Marl-
borough, in 1709, and foinetimes called
the battle of Blarcgnies, from an adja-
cent village.
Maljcsenat a town of Italy, in the
Veronefe, 18 miles nnw of Verona.
Malta, an ifland of the Mediterra-
nean, between Africa and Sicily, 60
miles s of the latter, and the moft
fouthern ifland in Europe. It is ao
miles long and 1 2 broad ; contains tv/o
cicies and 22 villages, and has feveral
good harbours on the coaft oppofite
.Sicily. The port of St. Paul, tcward
the KE end, is fo called from a tradition
that the vefTel in which St. Paul wat
fent prifoner to Rome was wrecked ou
the N point of its entrance. The ifland
is divided into two very unequal parts;
the one to the e, the other to the w, of
the old city. The weftern part, which<g|.
is the fmnlleft, has no villages., and
little land capable of cultivation, but it
abounds with odoriferous plants, and
has confiderable falt-works. The other
part, containing two-thirds of the ifland,
is fertile ; and here are cultivated large
quantities of cotton, lemons, almonds,
olives, and vines. The number of the
inhabitants is faid to be 60,000. The
common people fpeak Arabic, but the
better fort Italian. Charles v, emperor
of Germany, gave this ifland (with the
fmaller one of Gozo) to the grand maf-
ter of the order of St. John of Jerufa-
lem, whence they are now called knights
of Malta. The ifland is extremely well
fortifKjd ; the ditches, of a vaft fixe, are
all cut out of the folid rock, and extend
many miles. See Citta ^'eccbia, and
f'akita.
Maltortf Nfzv, a borough in N York-
M A L
fliire, with a market on Satiirdaj. Here
are three churches, and (bme coafider-
able remains of a monaftery. It is feat*
ed on the Derwent, over which ia a
flv»nc bridge to the village of Old Mal-
ton, 1 8 miles ne of York, and aij n by
■ of London.
Maltoj, a town of Hindooftan, in the
country of Berar, 58 miles nw of Nag-
pour.
Malva, or MtJleoiha, a river of Bar-
bary, which has its rife in tke defert»
and flows n into tlie Mediterranean,
feparating the kingdoms of Alg-iers and
Fez. Thirteen miles from its mouth
are three uninhabited iflaRds, be-
tween which coafting vcflels may lie in
fafety.
Malvastot a fmall ifland of European
Turkey, on the k coaft of the Morea,
celebrated for its rich wine, called
Malmfey. The capital is Napoli di
Malvafia.
Malvern, Great and Little, two vil-
lages in Worcefterlhire. The former is
eight miles w by s of Worcefter, and
had once an abbey, of which nothing
remains but the gateway of the abbey,
and the nave of the church, now paro-
chial. The latter is featcd in a cavity
of the Malvern hills, three miles from
Great Malvern. Henry v 11, his queen,
and his two fons, were fo delighted with
this place, that they adorned the church
with painted glafs windows, part of
which remain, though in a mutilated
ftate. Between Great and Little Mal-
vern are two noted chalybeate fprings,
one of them called the Holy Well.
Ma/'vem Hills, a range of hills in the
sw of Worctfterlhirr, extending from
N to s about feven miles, and dividing
tiiis part of the county from Hereford-
shire. The highcft point is 13 15 feet
above the furface of the Severn, and
they appear to be of lirneftone and
quartz. On the fummit of i^ne of thefe
hills, are the immenfe works of the
Herefordfhire Beacon, one of the ftrong-
eft hill fortrelTec in this ifland : its con-
ftrudlinn is afcribed to the Britons, as a
place of permanent Security for a wholo
diftrift, with all t ' '/ pofTeOions, in cafe
of any fudden emergency.
Malung, a town of Sv.eJen, in the
province of Oalecarlia, 55 miles w of
Fahlun. Lon. 15 ao e, lat. 60 ,30 v.
Maliva, a province of Hindooftan,
bonnded on the w by Guzerat, n by
Agimere, e by Allahabad and Oriffi,
and s by Candeifli. It is one of the
moft extenfivo, elevated, and diverfified
tradts in Hindooftan, and divided among
the chiefs of the Poonah Mahrattae.
MAN
Ougefn and Indere are the principil
towns.
Jlfa/xira, a town of France, in the
department of Lozere^ 20 miles knw
of Mende.
Mamarsy & town of France, in tAe
department of Sarte, feated on the Dive,
14 miles w of Bellefine.
Man, an ifland in the Irifli fea, 3*
miles long and 1 1 broad. It contains
m pariibes ; and the chief towns ai«
CTftletown, Douglas, Peel, and Ram-
fay- The air is healthy, and the foil
produces more com than is fufficient to
maintain the inhabitants, who are a
mixture of Englifli, Scots, and Irift.
They have a bimop, called the bilhop
of Sodor and Man ; but he has no feat
in the Britifli parliament. The com-
modities of this ifland are wool, hides,
butter, tallow, black marble, flate, lime-
ftone, lead, and iron. Some manu-
faiSures of coarfe hats, cotton goods,
and linen cloth, are carried on in differ-
ent parts ; but its principal trade arifei
from the herring fifliery. The duke of
Athol was lord of this ifland, the love-
reignty of which he fold, in 1765, to
the crown. It is 37 miles s of Scot-
land, 37 K of Wales, 30 w of England,
and 47 E of Ireland.
Manaar, a fmall ifland in the Indian
ocean on the n w fide of Ceylon. From
this ifland a reef of rocks runs over to
the continent of Hindooftan, called
Adam's Bridge, which can only be pafs-
ed by boats- The fea to the s of this,
between the continent and the ifland of
Ceylon, is called the Gulf of iManaar.
The Portuguefe got pofleflion of the
ifland of Manaar in 1560; the Dutch
took it from them m 1658; and the
Englifh took it from the Dutch in 1795.
Lon. 79 30 E, lat. 9 o N.
Manachiii, or Mavnisa, the ancient
Magncfia, a city or Natolia Proper,
and a bifltop's fee, with a caftle. It
was formt>rly the capital of the Otto-
man empire, and is feated at the foot of
a mountain, on the river Sarabat, jz
miles N of Smyrna. Lon. ^^ 6 e, lat.
3fi 45 N.
Manapar, a town of HindooRan, in
the country of Tinevi^Ily, fltuate on a
point of land projecting into the gulf
of Manaar, 40 miles sk of Palamcotta.
MnnbeJ, a town of Perfia, in the
province of Irak, 150 miles fse of If-
pahan.
Manbona, the capital of the kingdom
of Sabia, lituate on the fcacoaft, 60
miles s of Sofala. Lon. 35 39 e, lat. :i
'5 ^•
Manrcsturt a village in Warwicklhir*,
m of Francf, in the
3zere} zo miles knw
vn of France, in tlie
tcfeatedontheDiTc,
lefine.
i in the Irilh fta, 3*
* broad. It contains
the chief towns ait
jla», Peel, and Ram-
healthy, and the foil
m than ig fufficient to
labitant*, who are a
i(h, Scots, and Iriih.
op, called the biftiop
n ; but he has no feat
rliament. The com-
[land are wool, hides,
ick marble, Ilate, lime-
iron. Some mapu-
t hats, cotton goods,
re carried on in differ-
i principal trade arifej
liliery. The duke of
■ this idand, the fove-
he fold, in 1765, to
I 37 miles s of Scot-
Ie8, 30 w of England,
id.
II ifland in the Indian
Ide of Ceylon. From
[of rocks runs over to
Hindooftan, called
lich can only be pafs-
e fea to the s of this,
ncnt and the ifland of
e Gulf of Manaar.
, >t pofTeflion of the
in 1560; the Dutch
n m 1658; and the
m the Dutch in 1795.
JON.
lapnlsa, the ancient
of Natolia Proper,
, with a caftle. It
capital of the Otto-
I feated at the foot of
le river Sarabat, n
Lon. 87 6 E, lat.
n of Hindooftan, in
I'vtlly, fituate on a
cding into the puif
:8 SK of Palamcotta.
1 of Perfia, in the
50 miles r.sE of If-
)ital of the kingdom
■)n the fcacoaft, 60
in Warwicklhirf,
MAM
near Atherflione and the -river Anker.
It was a Roman ftation on the Wat*
Ijng-ftreet, and here feveral coins have
he«n dug up.
Manchuy a territory of Spain, in New
Caftile» between the river Guadiana
and Andalufia. It is nearly furround-
ed by mountains, producing antimony,
vermilion, and mercury. The country
is an immenfe plain, interfeifted by
ridges of low hills and rocks ; not an
jQCJofure of any kind, except mud wa]||
about the villages, nor fcarcely a tree
to be f«en ; but it is well cultivated in
corn and vines. The inhabitants are
affable, and great lovers of muiic and"
dancing ; and it was here that Cervan-
tes made his hero, Don Quixote, per-
form his chief exploits. The capital is
Ciudad Real.
Manchet a department of France, in-
cluding the w part of the late province
of Normandy. It is almoft furrounded
by the Englifli channel. Coutances is
the capital.
Manchester, a large town in Lanca-
(hire, with a market on Tusfday and
Saturday, feated between the rivers Irk
ind Irwell, and a place of great anti*
^iiity, though neither a corporation nor
a borough. It has been long noted for
rarious branches of the linen, lilk, and
cotton manufadurcs, and ie now prin-
cipally confpicuous as the centre of the
cotton trade. The labours of a very
populous neighbourhood are collected
at Manchefter, whence they are fent to
London, Liverpool, Hull, Sec. Thefe
confift of a great variety of cotton and
mixed goods, fitted for all forts of mar-
keUi both at home and abroad, fpread-
ing over a great part of Europe, Ame-
rica, and the coaft of Guinea. The
manufaAures of tapes and other fmall
wares, of filk goods, and of hate, are
ilfo carried on at Manchefter; from
which various fources of wealth it has
attained greater opulence than almoft
aiyof the trading towns in England.
Its chief ornaments are the college, the
exchange, the collegiate church, another
large c^uirch, and a fpacious market-
place. The churches And chapels of
the eftablilhment are 1% in number,
with as many places of worfliip for dif-
ferent fefts of diflenters. In refpeft to
population it ranks next to London,
and in i8or contained 84,020 inhabit-
ants. By the Irwell it has a communi-
cation with the Merfey, and all the late
various extenfions of inland navigation.
It is 36 miles e by n of Liverpool, and
i8» NNw of London. Loo. a 10 w,
w. 53 tj ».
STAN
Manehettert a town of Vermont, in
Bennington Jaunty, fituate on Batten
river,' which' flows into the Hudfbn,
above Saratoga. It is as miles N of
Bennington, and 35 s of Rutland.
Manchestert a town of Virginia, on
James, river, oppofite Richmond, with
which it is connected by a bridge.
Manciet, a town of France, in the
department of Gers, 17 miles sw of
Condom.
Mandali a town of Norway, capital
of a province in the government of
Bergen ; feated near the mouth of a
river of the fame name, 60 miles wsw
of Chriftianfand. Lon. 7 42 e, lat. 5"y
a N.
Manderstheid, a town of France, in
the department of Sarre, lately of Ger-
many, in the cledlorate of Treves, 26
miles KNE of Treves.
Mandingoj a country in the w part of
Negroland, at the fources of the rivers
Niger and Senegal. Not only the in-
habitants of this ftate, but the bulk of
the people in many other diftridts in the
weftern part of Africa, are called Man-
dingos, probably from having originally
emigrated from this country. The
iVJandingos, in general, are of a mild,
fociable, and obliging difpodtion: the
men are above the middle fize, well-
(haped, ftrong, and capable of enduring
great labour ; the women are goodna-
tured, fprightly, and agreeable. The
drefs of both fexes is compofed of cot-
ton cloth, of their own manufacture ;
that of the men is a loofe frock, with
drawers that reach half way down the
legs, and a white cap on their heads ;
and they wear fandals on their feet.
The women's drefs contifts of two
pieces of cloth, about fix feet long and
three wide ; one of thefe is put round
the waift, and bangs down to the an-
cles; the other is thrown negligently
over the bofom aud ihoulders. Sec
Kamatia.
Mandshurs, or Mancheut, a branch of
the Mongul Tartars, whofe anceftors
conquered China in the thirteenth cen-
tury, but were expelled by the Chinefe
in 1368. They inhabit the three pro-
vinces of Eaftern Tartary, and retain the
cuftoms they brought from China.
Manfredonia^ a feaport of Naples, in
Capiianata, and an archbifli op's fee, with
a caftle and a good harbour. All forts
of vegetables are 'i abundance, and
moft of the corn exported from the pro-
vince is fhipped here. It is feated on a
gulf of the fame name, 30 milos ene of
Lucera- Ixjn. 16 12 e, Kit. 41 35 n.
Mongahre^ a town ot4iindoolU>a, ca'
MAN
|))taV of Canaru. It is feated between
the two arms of a fine lake of fait water^
each cf which receives a river from the
Oauts; but the bar at the entrance into
this harbour will not admit veifels draw*
ing more than ten feet. The town is
buHt alomg the fides of the pcninfiila,
in th*: elevated center of which is the
rem&ins of x fort, which the late fultan
Tippoo ordered to be dei n oU (bed. It i s
a place of great trade, and the principal
exports are rice, betel-nut* hlacfe pepper,
fandal wood (from the country above the
Gauts) cinnxmon, and turmeric. In this
townatreatyof peace was figned between
Tippoo and tht- Englifh, in 1 784. It is
t.^o miles knw of CAiicut, and 190 ssb
of Goa. Lon. 75 4 e, lat* la 50 n.
Mangeeut an iflund in the Pacific
ocean, five leagues in circumference.
In the interior parts it rifes into fmall
bills, and captain Cook reprefeuts it as
a fine ifiand ; bul did not find a landing
place. Some of ihe inhabitants came
on board, and they feemed to refemble
thofe of Otaheite, in the beauty of their
perfons and general difpofition. Lon.
X58 i6 w, lat. 21 37 s.
Manheim^ a ftrong city of Germany,
in the late p- .inate of the Rhine, al-
moft furrourded by the Ncckar and the
Rhine. The ftreets are all ftraight, in-
terfeCting each other at right angles; and
it has three noble gates, adorned \vith
baflb-relievos. The palace is a magnifi-
cent ftruifture, with a cabinet of natur.'
curiofitics, and a gallery of pictures.
The inhabitants are computed at 24,000.
Maaheim has been freqiiertly taken and
tetaken by the French and Auftrii.i, : in
the late wars. In iSoz, it was ceded to
the margrave of Baden. It is 17 miles
K cf Spire, and 4a s of Frankfort. Lon.
% 34 E, lat. 49 i9 N.
Alanica, ah inland kingdom in the sr
Sart of Africa, bounded on the n by
locaranga, e by Sofala and S.il)ia, and
s and w by unknown regions. It is
faid to abound with mines of gold, and
lias a river and capit.il of the f.ime name ;
l>ut it is little known to the Europeans.
iManiciJurir, a town of fliudooflan,
in the country ol Be.ar, five miles se of
C*) an Jit
.iL>!7<c/;/>ou'f a town of Hindooftnn,
in h? country of Oude, 30 miles nw
of A11at-.'*-«d. .'ind 68 ssK of Ln -know.
Manuit, the capital of the iiand of
Lit'CiiUfl, is yell ts of the other Philip-
Piui il';ari(!i, and the fee of in archbi-
ihon, vTio if. commonly tlie Spanifti
vi«.(ii iy. I« •■i w».')' fortilica, and de-
f-huv^lly t„t 4;.ifHe of i»t. Philip. 1 he
nia;b':t o- bi-i.lli..a luhabitttil* is efti-
M A ^
mated at 12,000. Moft of the ptiblie
ftrudures are built of wood, on account
of the frequent earthenakes, hj one df
which in 1 6 1 ;r, a mountain was levelled;
and in 1625, a thitd part df the city wai
overthrown by another, Svhen 3000 per.
fonsperiflied in the ruins. This cityii
feated near the lake Bahia, on the e fide
of a bay, on the sw coaft. The bay is a
circular bafin, 10 leagues in diameter^
and great part of It land-locked ; but the
I^t peculiar to the citf , called Cavete«
lies-nine jniles to the sw, a»dis the ufual
ftation of the fhips employed in the Aca.
pulco trade ; for an account of which fee
Lutonia. This city abounds with con-
vents; and there is alfo ian inquifitlon.
On account of the pure and mild tempe-
rature of the air, it is deemed the moft
healthy of all the European fettlementi
in the Eaft. . In 1762, the Englifti took
this city by ftorm, and humanely fuffer-
ed the archbifhop to ranfom it for abt r.t
a million fterling ; but great part of the
ranfom never was paid. Lon. 120 ■;;
E, bt. :4 ^6 *.
Manninfrtreet a td^n \a EiTex, with '
market on Tuefday. The princ;ij>ul im-
ports are deals, corn, cOal, and xr->u. .'
is feated on a branch of the S!<.:u>; a!!-
ed Manningtree-wat&r, ii milco v t"
Harwich, and 60 art of ii«"(ion.
Manosqucy a town of Frf."> ., nvtls;
department of Lower A;j3;->, vvlth a t .r«
tie; feated on the E iraiicc, 35 ii) Isb
V It of Aix.
Janfivrrvf a town and fort of Ilin*
dro?>,u;, m rhe country of Dooab, ',\
mi'os n of A 1.
M'jur'-i, ■ town of Spain, in CataIo»
nia, wiin a caftle and feveral conv/^nts'
feated at the conflux of the Cardon^ro
with the Lobbret'at, i^milesscofCaN
dona, and aft nw Af Barcelona.
Mans, a city of France, capitnl of the
department of Sarte, and the fee of a
biftiop. It was formerly Very popu-
lous ; but the inhabitants now fcarcely
amount to i2,c6o. It has e:Lcellent
poultry, and its wax and ftuffi are fa-
mous. It iftfeated on a high hill, on the
Sarte, near its conflux with the Hiiifne,
so miles s of Alen^on, and 75 w by H
of Orleans. Ix>n. o 9 e, lat. 48 o w.
Munsaroar, a lake of Tibet, front
which the fouthernmoft head of the
Ganges is fuppofed to ilTue- It is 115
miles in circumference, and lies about
79 K lon. and 34 w lat.
Mansfcld, a town of Upper SaX6ny,
jn a county of its name, with a decayed
caftle on a high rock, eight miles nnvw
oiFineben.
Mamf.:ld, a town In Nottinghamfliirff
of the Stcm^ r.ili
itf 11 mi!e3 v f
J of litJ^don.
I of Fr?.-> ., iivt!;;:
r A:ps, wllhat.r.
eight mUes nnv
Not,tiRghamfliirf»
MAN
with a market on Thurfday, a trade in
corn and inaltf and a manufadure of ■
dockings- It is featcd on the edge of
the fcreft of Sherwood, 14 miles n of
Nottingham, and i^BNhy v/ of Lon-
don-
MansUla^ a towri of Spain, in the
province of Icon, 14 miles ssk of Leon.
Mansora, a town of the kingdom of
pfz, feated near the mouth of che Guir,
to rniles ^of Meqiiincz.
Maniouroi a town of Egypt, which
basaconfidcrabletrade in rice and fal-
ammoniac Here are likewife vaft chick-
tn overs. It is feated on the e fide of
the Nile, 24 miles ssw of Damietta, and
to N of Cairo.
Mansura, a town of Aliatic Turkey,
in Iroc-ArabU fltuate on the Euphrates,
where it is joinrd by a branch of the
Tigris, iiomil^s wnw of Baflbra.
Mantaca. See Mataca,
Mantes J a town of France, in the de-
partment of Seine and Oife, with a
bridge over the Seine, the great arch of
which is 1 20 feet wide. Ihe wines of
its vicinity are famous- It is 3 1 miles
xw of Paris.
Mantua, or Mantuan,' a dnchy of
Italy, lying along the river Po, which
divides it into two parts. It ia bounded
on the w by the Cremonefe, n by the
Veronefe, e by the Ferrarefe, and s by
ihe duchies of Reggio» Modena, and
Mirandola. It is 50 miles long and 30
broad, and fruitful in corn, paflurcs,
Hn, fruits, and excellent wine. Charles
!V,duke of Mantua, having taken part
with the French, in the difpute relatinij
to the fucceilion of Spain, was pnt un-
der the ban of the empire, and died in
1708. Having no heirs, the houfe of
Auftria kept pofTeflion of the Mantunn
till 1800, when the French obtained it,
after the battle of Marengo.
Mantua, a city of Italy, capital of
the duchy of the lame name, and an
archbilhop's fee. It is feated on an
ifland in the middle of a lake, :o miles
in circumference and two broad, forrn-
pdby the Mincio; and fo very ffrong
by iituation as well M by art, that it is
pru- of the nioft confderable fortreJlls
in Europe. The only way into this
city is by means of two moles or bridge.s,
each ol which is defended by a fort
and other works. In the heat of funi-
mer, when the lake is low, the air be-
comtg noxious, and the better fort of
the inhabitants leave the city for foinr
liinc. The citadel is partly free iVoin
;tiis inconvenience, and in it is'ahvays
!<i'pt a fliong garrifoTi. The ftreets an-
fflsanral broad and araight, and Ihe
MAR
houfea handfome. In thn cathedrll arc
paintings by the mod celebrated inaf-<
ters ; the church of St. Anthony it fa-
mous for relics; and the Francifcan
church is one of the moft elegant of
that order in Italy^ Here are mimy
other churches, numerous convent^ «
fyn.-igogue for the Jews who live ill a
dillinft quarter, a univcrlity, the anciint
ducal palace, with its gallery of paint'
irigs, &c. It was greatly noted for iti
filks, and filk manufadurest which dire
now much-decayed, and the inhabitants
reduced to about i :,ooa- Virgil was
born at a village near this city. MaA-
tua furrendered to the French, in tjgfg
after a (lege of eight months ; and it
was attacked by the Auftriau and Ruf-^
fian arniy, in 1799, to which it fuvren-
dercd after a (hort fiege. It Is 35 milet
XE of Parma, and 90 r.nE of Milan.
Lon. 10 50 G, lat. 45 10 V.
Maouna, one of the Navigators if-
lands, in the Pacific ocean. Here, in
1787, Peroufe met with his firft fata!
accident ; captain Langle, Lemanon the
naturalift, and nine failors, being maf»
facred by the natives. Lon. 169 o Wg
lat. !4 19 s.
Maracai/bo, a hike of Terra Firma»
in the province of Venezut-la. It is 90
mill's long and 60 where broadelt, with
a circumference of ^40 ; and is naviga-
ble for vellels of 30 tons. Itcommuni-
cates with the gulf of Venezuela by a
(trait, which is defendtd by ftrong forts,
and has feveral Spaniih towns feated on
its borders.
Maracaybo, a city of Terra Firma*
in the province of Venezuela. It carrieii
on a great trade in Ikins, chocolate, and
tine tobacco; and (hips are built kere,
which go to all parts of America, and
even to Spain. It was taken by the
French buccaneers in 1666 and 1678.
It is feated on the outlet of the lake of
its name, 60 miles wsw of V^enczuela.
Lon. 70 50 K, lat. 10 30 V.
Maragu!, a town of Perfia, in the
province of Aderbeitzan, 33 miles s of
Tauris. Lon. 47 5: e, lat. 37 t6 n.
Marannan, a northern province of
Brafil, which comprehends a fertile po-
pulous ifl.ird, of the fame name, \\z
miles in circumference. The French
Icttlcd here in i6ij; but they were
foon expelled by the Portuguele St.
Louis de Marannan is the chief towa.
Ma7-anon. See Amazon.
Marano, a fortified feapoit of Ita!y,
in Friuli, feated on t'le gulf of Venice.
27 miles s by e of Utllua. Lon. 13 •,
V, l.Tf. 4<; e^X N.
yiarur.jy.ii to-wn of Fk'aucCi in the
its:,
M A R
dep.Tilment of i.owtr ChaR-nte, with a
coiilic'lorabli' trade in I'alt, malt, corn,
and meal. It is lituate on the Si'vrt*,
in thi-> miilft of fait marftes, 12 nijles
HNK of Rochelle, and si w of Niort.
Marant, or Amaranth a town of Per-
fia, iiii thirprovincuof Adirbeitzan, con-
taining 2500 houf«;8each with a gaHen,
fituate near a river, and watered by ca-
nals. Cochineal is found iu the neigh-
bourhood. Tlie inliabitants fay that
Nftah was buried here. It is 50 miles
N of Tauris. Lun. 47 46 £> iat. 39 7 n.
Marasa, a town of Negroland, in
Wangara, on the n fide of the Niger,
),f>a miles ne of Ghanara. Lon. 17 10
E, Iat. 15 50 N.
Marascht a town of Afiatic Turkey,
in Caramania, capital of a fangiacate,
:.uid tlic fee of a bilhop. It is 180 miles
E by s of Cogni. Lon. 37 aj e, Iat. 37
24 N.
Marathon, a village of European Tur-
key, in Livadia, formerly a city, 10 miles
NNE of Alliens. It is f^mou3 for the
vidtory obtained by Miltiades with
10,000 Athenians, over 500,000 Per-
flatis, who loft above 100,000 men.
May<ivi, a lake in the se part of
Africa, knowu to extend n 300 miles in
length, a-^d probably much more ; the
breadth abrjt 30 miles. At its s ex-
tremity is a tow . of the fame name.
Lon. 3^3 10 E, Iat. 13 lo s.
Maraivar, a country of Hindooftan,
ill the Carnatic, to the s of Taujore,
about 60 miles long and 40 broad. The
chief places are Ramanad ai J i'ripa-
tore.
Marn'i.ina, a river r' Guiana, N.'iich
fcparates Surinam fro:-.i the French co-
lony of Cayennt. It is noted for a cu-
rious pebble, known by the name of
the Marawina diamond ; wliich, when
polilhed, is often let in rings, &c. It
enters the Atlantic in lon. c,^ 48 w, hit.
558N.
Maraziofi, or Market Jeiv^ a town in
Corn vail, with a market on Thurfday,
feated on a creek of Mount bay, four
miles H of Penzance, and -178 w by s
of London.
Marbach, a town of Suabia, in the
duchy of Wirtemburg, feated on the
Neckar, nine miles nne of Stutgard.
Marbella, a town of Spain, in Anda-
lufia, i'^atcd a^ the mouth of the Rio
Verde, with a harbour defended by a
cafllc, i8 miles sw of Malaga.
MarbUheady a town of Maflachufets,
ill Eflex county, with a harbour pro-
te(5ted by a fea wall, and defended by a
battery and citadel. It ftands on a neck
of land, in Mad'achufets bay, 19 mucs
MAR
NE of Bofton. Lon. 70 36 w, Iat. 4^
36 N.
Marburg, a ftrong town of Germany,
capital of Upper Heife. It has a forti.
ficd caftle on the top of a mountain, a
univerfity, and an academy. The
church of St. Elifaheth is a fine edifice,
and near it is the houfe of the Teutonic
order, in which the commander over
the canton of Hefle refides. Marburg
was taken by the French in 1757, but
it furrcndercd to the allies in 1 759 ; and
in 1760, it was taken again by the
French. It is leated on the Lahn, 47
miles sw of Caflel. Lon. 8 50 e, Iat,
50 48 N.
Marcellin, St. a town of France, in
the department of Ifere, feated on the
Ifere, at the foot of a hill, in a country
that produces excellent wine, ;jo mile}
SSE of Vieiine.
Marcht a town in Cambridgefliire,
with a market on Friday. In i73«
three urns full of burnt bonea and fome
fmall Roman coins were dug up near
this place. It is feated on the Nen, in
the middle of the ide of Ely, %6 milei
NNW of Cambridge, and 81 n of Lon-
don.
MarMurgt or Mahrburg, a town of
Germany, in Stiria, capital of a circle
of its .' .me, with two caftles. In iti
vicinity are good vineyards, and it it
II ated on the Drave, 36 miles ssE of
Gratz- Lon. 15 38 e, Iat. 46 38 k.
Marthdorjft a town of Suabia, in the
territory of Conft.nce, i % miles nb of
Conftance.
Marche, a lace province of France,
bi) winded on the N by 3erry, e by Au-
vcrgne, w by Augoumois, aod s by U.
mulin. It is 53 miles in length and 25
in breadth, and is prttty fertde in corn
and wine. It uww forms the depart-
mcHt of Creufe.
Marche, a town of France, in die de-
partment of Volgfs, fitiuitc near the
fource of the Mou/.on, zo miles s of
Neufchateau, and 40 s by w of Toul.
Marche en Famerte, a town of the
Netherlands, in Luxemburg, feated on
the Marfette, 23 miles se of Namur.
Marcfieci, a town of Auftria, with an
eld caille, feated ou the March, on the
frontiers of Hungary, 23 miles e by »
of Vienna.
Marchena, a town of Spain, in Anda-
lufia, feated in tlie middle of a plaii^
fertile in olites, 18 miles w of Seville.
Marchiennesy a town of the Nether,
lands, in the territory of Liege, feated
on the Sambre, four miles w of Charle-
roy.
Marchitnneh a town of France, in
7f
A R
on. 70 36 w, lat. 4,
ng town of Germany,
HeiFe. It has a forti.
top of a mountain, a
an academy. The
aheth i« a fine edifice,
houfe of the Teutonic
the commander over
fle refides. Marbure
French in 1757, but
healhesin 1759; and
taken again by the
ted on the Lahn, 47
. Lon. 8 50 E, lat.
I tovi« of France, in
: Ifere, feated on tlie
>f a hill, in a '^ountrjr
client wine, -jo milej
Mahrburg, a town of
ia, capital of a circle
I two caftles. In itt
vineyards, and it it
fve, 36 miles ssE of
8 £, lat. 46 9,i K.
»wn of Suabi'a, in the
nee, I a miles nb of
^^'•ovincc of France,
by 3erry, e by Au-
lumois, and s by Li'
ik's in length and 2j
prttty fertile in corn
tonus the depart-
of France, inftiede-
fituatc near the
u/.on, 2o miles s of
40 s by w of Toul.
ene, a town of the
xemburg, feated on
ik'S SE of Namur.
1 of Auftria, with an
D the March, on the
y, 23 miles e by n
1 of Spain, inAnda-
middle of a plait^
miles w of Sevillo.
)wn of the Nether-
ry of Liege, feated
miles w of Charle-
own of France, in
MAR
tlie department of Nord, feated in a
inorafs on the river Scarpc, feven milts
txF, ofDouay.
Marcianhh a town of Naples, in Ter-
ra di Lav oro, 13 miles NNE of Naples.
}Iaui'4'ij(, .1 town of France, in the
dcparinKiit of S.»one and Loire, near
the river Loin*, 32 miles w of Macon,
and43sl^y^'"*' Autun.
Manklifj<--i>nt a town of France, in
the department of 'Lower Rhint;, 55
miles s of StHilburg.
Marco, St. a Icaport of E Florida, on
3 river of the fame name, at its entrance
into Apalache bay, 180 miles wnw of
St. AiigulUii. Lon. 84 38 v/,lat. 30 18 N.
Marco, St. a town of NapU's, in Ca-
labria Citcrioro, feated on the Senito,
j; miles N of Cofenza.
Marcou, St. two fmall illands in the
Eiiglilh channel, near the coalt of France,
fcven miles se of Cape la Hogiie.
Mardike, a village of France, in the
department of Nord, feated on a canal,
to which it gives name, four miles w by
s of Dunkirk.
Man-b, a town of Arabia, capital of
adiftrift, in the province of Yemen.
It is 100 miles sk of Sanaa. Lon. 47
30 E| lat. 15 44 N.
Maree, Lochy a lake of Scotland, in
Rofsfliirp, 18 miles long, and, in fom(;
parts, four broad. It contains many
fmall illands, and abounds with falmon,
char, and trout.
Marengo, a village, lately of Italy, in
the Milaiiefe, three miles se of Alexan-
dria. It is famoMS for a decilive victory
gained over the Auftrians, June 14, 1800,
by which the French .igain became con-
querors of Italy. It now belongs to
France, and gives name to a now de-
partment, including part of the Mila-
ncfe and Piedmont, of which Alexandria
is the chief town.
Maretinw, an ifland in the Mediterra-
nean, on the w coaft of Sicily, 1 2 miles
in circumference. It has a caftle, witi)
a few farm-houfes, and produces much
honey. Lon. ja 35 e, lat. 38 5 N.
Margarita, an ifland near Ti-rra
Firma, 40 miles long and 15 broad, dif-
covered by Columbus in 1498. The
continual verdure renders it ploaf-.nt :
bat it has no frefli water. It was taken
in 1626 ly the Dutch, who demolifliecl
theciftle; fince which time it has been
ill a mnnnei abandi)ncd by the Spani-
aids. The prefent inhabitants are mu-
lattos, and the original nativeu- Lon.
64 10 w, lat- n 10 K.
Margate, a town in Kent, in the ifle
of TJianct, with a market on Wcdnef-
'iiy and Saturday. It Hands on the
MAR
fide of a hill, has a (lone pier, and is a
member of the port of Dover. It has a
great refort of company for fea-bathing,
and the buildings tor their ^Iccbiinbda-
tlon are numerous and handsome- Great
i{(iui)titics of corn are exported hence*
and there arc n-gular paflage boats to
and from London. It is 17 miles enk
of Canterbury, and 71 e by s of Lon-
don. Lon. I %% E, lat. 51 34 N'.
Marjfozza, a town of Italy, in the
Milanefe, near a fmall lake of its name»
40 miles Nw of Milan.
Maria, St. an ifland In the Indiai^
ocean, near the e fide of Madagafcar.
It is 45 miles lon^ and fcven broad,
well watered, and lurrounded by rocki?.
The air is extremely moift, for it i-aina
almofl every day. It produces rice, fu-
gar-cancs, legumes, pineapples, tobac-
co, Sec. and oi the coafts are found
white coral and ambcgrife. The inha-
bitrnts call it Ibrahinr . Lon. 50 26 e*
lat. 17 o s.
Maria, St. the molt fouthern ifland
of the Azores, which produces plenty of
wheat, and has about 5000 inhabitants^
It has a town of the fame name. Lc^
35 9 w, lat. 36 57 N.
Maria, St. a town of Spain, in Anui-
lufia, with a fmall cafll»\ It was taken
by the Englifh and Dutch in 1702 ; and
is feated on the Guadeleta, at the mouth
of which is a tower and a battery, 18
miles N of Cadiz.
Maria, St. a town of Terra Firma
Proper, in the audience, of Panama,
built by the Spaniards after they had
difcovered the gold mines that are near
it, and foon after taken by the Englilli.
It is feated at the bottom of the gulf of
St. Michael, at the mouth of a river of
the fame name. Lon. 78 la w, lat. 76
43 N-
Maria, St. a town of Congo, capital
of the kingdom of Mataniba. It ftands
on a river that flows into the Coauzo,
3 10 miles E ofLoanda. Lon. i^ o £,
lat. 8 ,50 s.
Mariagalante^ one of the Leeward
Caribbee iflands, Lj'.onging to the
French. It extends ifi miles from n to
s, and four from k to w . On the E
fhore i<Te lofty perpendicular rocks ;
and ahc.jt half its furfacf is barren
mountain ;. It is inditfen ntly watered,
but products tobacco, cotton, c<>tfee»
and lugar. It was taken by a Britifli
frigatv.' in 1808. The s end is 50 miles
N by E of Dominica. Lori. 61 12 w,
lat- 15 5» N.
Marian Islttnds. See Lw^rcitf.
Maruello, a town ofNiipics, in Ter<
xi di Bari, fix mllcK nw gf CraMU'^
MAR
^fal': aux Mines, a town of France,
in the department of Vofgcs, divided
into two parts by the river Leber. It
is famous for its filver mines, and is
miles NW of New Brifach.
Marknlurg, a ftrong town of W
Pruffia, capit.'d of a palatinate of the
r.ime name. It is fe-ated on the v branch
of the Villiila, z\ miles sk of Dantzic.
Lon. 1 9 fi E, lat. 54 9 n .
Ma'ienburgy a town of Upper Sax-
ony, in Mifnia, near which arc mities
of filvcr, iron, vitriol, and fiilplnir. It
has manufadurcs of fine lace, and
a medicinal bath, and is 15 milcii syE of
Chemnitz.
Marienburg., a town of France, in the
department of Ardennes, 12 miles n of
Rocroy.
Marienstadt, a town of Sweden, in
W Gothland, fealcd on the lake Wen-
ner, ;^', miles sii of Carlfladt, and if'ii
3w of Stockholm. Lou. i.\ z^ k, lat.
58 j8 n.
MarieniL'frJer, the capita I o f W Pru f-
fia, with a fpacious palace, built in the
old Gothic taftr. The cathedral is the
largcfl; cburcli in the kingdom of Priii-
lia, being ,-]--b feet lo.ig; and by its
ftrong breaihvorks feems to have for-
merly fcrvcd as a fortrefs. In 1709,
Peter the great, and Frcd'-ric i of
Prnnia, had an interview at tiiis place.
It is feated near t!ic Viftula, 94 miles
:^w of Konigfbcig. Lon. iC qj e, lat.
i)3 5° '''
Man. i, T, a fcapoil of Denmark, in
the dioctlc of Arhufcn. The cliief
tiadc is in (lone and lime. It ftands on
the s fide of a g'llf, which coniinunicateu
with the Cau-gat, ,55 miles n by w of
Arluifen. Lon. ,: ; r., lat. 56 41 N.
Mar'ustaJt, a town <if Swo(ien, in W
Gothland, on the lake Winner, 711
miles sw of Orebro.
MarL-u^h a town of ll.t flatc of Ohio,
r.tiiate on the Mufkiugum, at its conflux
with the Ohio. Here is a church, court-
houle, and public academy. The town
is laid out in fpacious ftreet^.and fquare? ;
but only about :oo hoirfes .'nc yet eredt-
ed. The Campus Martius is an elevated
fquare, founded by tlie Ohio Company
in 17 j8; the fortification is all of hewn
timber, of fupcrior excellence, .^o feet
.ibove the high banks of the Mufkingimi,
And 1 59 yards difbnt from that viver,
M'ith a natural glacis in front. Mariet-
ta is a commercial place, and has a dock-
yard on the I\'h;fk.ingum. In its vicini-
ty was dilcovered in 1806, a beautiful
toflelatcd pavement, a large hntrmlki'-
letoD, and other curitnis antiqi .. It
jii 80 Hiilcs c of CUiliieothc, and S40 w
MAR
by M of Waflilngton. Lon. 81 44 w
lat. .19 18 N. '
Marignano, a town of Italy, in the
Milanefc, featcd on the Lambro, 10
miles SE of Milan.
Marina, a town of Italy, in Campag.
nn di Roma, 10 miles ksk of Rome.
Marino, St. a ftrong town of Italy,
in the duchy of Urbino, capital of a
fmall republic, nnder the prote(5lion of
the pope. It is feated on a monntain,
17 miles NW of Urbino. Lon. isj^ f,
lat. 4? 54 N.
Marissa, or Maritz, a river of Euro-
pean Turkey, which rifes in the nw
part of Romania, atid flows by Philjpo.
poli, Adrianoplc, and Eno, into tlic
Archipelago.
Mark, a territory of Germany, in the
circle of Weftphalia, bounded on thes
by the principality of Munfter, e by the
duchy of Weftphalia, and s and w by
that of Berg. Ham is the capital.
Mark, St- a feapnrt on the w fide of
St. Domingo. The houfes are built of
fre« flone, which is abundant in thi-
neighbouring country. It was taken by
the Englifli and royalifts in 1794, ami
is f,8 miles NW of Port-au- Prince. Loii.
7S 40 w, lat. 19 20 N.
Market Jew. See Marazion.
Marlborough, a borough in Wiltlhirp,
governed by a mayor, with a market on
Saturday. In 1267, a parliament naj
held in the caftle, which ena<5led fevcral
laws, called theStatute* of Marlebridgc.
Of the walls and ditch of this caftit
there are ftill for.ic remains; and it has
been a Roman ftation. The town con-
tains two churches, and is feated on the
Kcnnet, 26 miies n of Salifbury, and 74
w of London.
Marlborough t a town of MalTIichufi'ls,.
iti Middlcfex county, with a manufac-
ture of Spanifh brown, from a kind of
loam found in the neighbourhood. It
is 25 miles w by s of Bofton.
Marlborough, a town of New Hanip-
Dure, in Cheiliire county, 70 niik.. w by
s of Portfmouth.
Marlborough, Vort, an Fnpllih tM-
tory, on the w coaft of the illand of Su-
matra, three miles v. of Bencookn.
Marlborough, Lo'Wir, a town of Ml-
ryland, in Calvert county, en the ^
fide of the Patuxent, 24 miles se of
Wafliington.
Marlborough, Upper, a town of M.1-
ryland, chief of Prince George coiiniv,
fittrate on the Halavifit, a prircip..:
branch of the Patuxent, ij milus 1 -■■
Wafliington.
Marlor^j, a borough in Biickinglirin^-
fliire, with a market ort Saturdny, aiii
vivrtW"' * ■
:own of Italy, in the
on the Lambio, lo
•
1 of Italy, in Campsg-
lilrs I'.sg of Rome,
ftrong town of Italy,
Urbino, capital of a
ider the prote(!lion of
*eatcd on a monntain,
rbino. Lon. i j 33 f,
arltz, a rivrr of Euro.
hich rifes in the sw
and flows by Philipo.
, and £no, into the
|;iiXL'nt, J J mill's 1 >-
High in Riirtinghnm-
tct ort Satuixlny, aiii
k Ar
t manufa^ure of black filk-lace. Here
U a royal military college for cadets,
h is feated near the Thames, orer
which is a bridge into Berkfhire, ij
miles s of Aylefbury, and 3 i w of Lon-
don, ,
Marly, a village of I^rancc, four miles
V of VerfailleS' Here is a palace, noted
for its fine gardens and water-works,
there being a machine on, the Seine,
which not only fupplies them with
water, but alfo thofe of Verfailles,
MarmandetjL town of France, in the
department of Lot and Garonne, which
has a great trade in corn, wine, and
brandy. It is feated on the Garonne,
40 miles SE of Bourdeaux. Lon. o 15
E, lat. 44 so V.
Marmora, br White Sea, the ancient
Propontis, an inland fea between Eu-
Irope and Afia, which commimicates
with the Archipelago by the ftrait of
Gallipoli. and with the Black fea by the
ftrait of Condantinople. It is i ao miles
in length and 50 in brtradth.
Marmora, an ifland in the fea of Mar-
mora, 30 miles in circumference, with a
town of the fame name. Lon. 27 34 e,
lit. 40 28 N.
Marmora, a town of Naples, in Ca-
labria Ultcriore, 16 miles w of St. Seve-
rino.
Mame, a department of France, in-
cluding the late province of Cham-
pagne. It takes its name from a river
which rifes near Langres, and flowing
»w joins the Seine, a little above Paris.
Rheims ia the archiepifcopal fee, but
Chalons is the capital.
Mame, U/tper, a department of France,
including part of the hUi province of
Champagne. Chaumont is the capital.
Mame, a town of Perfia, in the pro-
vince of Chorafan, aoo miles n of He-
rat.
Maro, a town of Italy, tn the prin-
cipality of Onf gli<1, feated in a valley,
tight miles NW of Oneglia.
Marogna, a town of Eiuopeaw Tm
key, in Romania, and a Ovetk avcnm-
Ihop's fee; feated near the Mtdittrra-
nean, 70 miles sw of Aiirianople. Lon.
2541 R, lat. 40 59 N.
Marnuartstein, a town of Bavaria,
\yith ail ancient caftlc, feated near the
river Aclia, aa miles w of Salzburg.
Marquesas, five iflands in the Pacific
ocean, named St. Chriftina, Magdaiena,
St- Dominica, St. Pedro, and Hood.
The firft four were difcovered by Qui-
r08 in 1595. the laft by Cook in 1774.
^t'Dpminica is much the larpeft, about
48 miles ii) circuit. Captain Cook, in
hisfccond voyage, lay fome time at St.
k A R
Chriftina', in lonr 139 9 w, and lat. ^ i^$ si
!t is high and fteep, but has many vaU
leys, which widen toward the fea,. and
are covered with fine forefts to the fum*
miti of the interioi* mountains. The
produAs of thefe iflands are bread-fruit*
banatlas, plantains, cocoa-nuts, fcarlet
beans, paper-millhcrries (of the bark of
which their cloth is made) cafuariuasy
with other tropical plants and trees,
and hogs and fowls. The Marquefans
are well made, ftrong, and a<flive ; of a
tawny complexion, but look almoft
black, by being pundured over thifi
whole body. Some of the women .ire
nearly as fair as Europeans, and amontf
them tatooing is not fo common, 't'hfcir
drink is water only, cocoa-nuts being
rather fcarce. Their language, man-
nersy cuftoms, ftc. very much refcrtible
thofe of the Society iflands.
Mortal, a town of France, in the de*
partment of Meurte, with confider*
able falt-works ; feated on the Selle, in
a marfli of difficult acccfs, if miles ene
of Nancy.
Marsala, a town of Sicily, in Val d!
Mazara, built on the ruins of the ancient
Lilybsum, at the mod weftern part of
the ifland, 53 miles wsw of Palermo.
Lon. 12 29 E, lat. 38 4 N.
Marsanne, a town of France, in the
department of Drome, eight miles nne
of Montelimar.
MarsaquiveY, a ftrong feaport of Al-
giers, in the province of Mafcara, be-
longing to the Spaniards, who took it
in 1733. It is feated on a rock, near a
bay of the Mediterranean, three miles
from Oran.
Marsc/t. See Moraiv.
Manden, a village in W Yorkfiiire,
near the fource of the Colne, feveo
niiles sw of Huddersfield. Here are
fonie extcnlive cotton mills, and the
Huddersfield canal pafles this place.
Marsallti, a city of France, in the
department of Mouths of the Rhurte,
and lately an i-pifcopal fee. It was fo
celebrated in the time of the Romans,
that Cicero flyled it th^e Athens of the
Gauls, and Pliny called it the Miftrcfa
of Education. It is feated ou the Me-
ditfnane.ui, .it the upper end of a gulf,
covered and defended by many I'mall
iflands. It is divided into the old town,
or the city, and the new town. The
ftrtt, buiit on the fiiie of a hill, appearsl
like an amphitheatre to the vefTels which
enter the port ; but the houfes are mean,
and the ftrects dirty, narrow, and (l(.'op.
In this part is the principal church,
built by the Goths, on the ruins of the
teneple of Diana. The new town is a
Eea
M A R
pcrfcfl coiUraft to the city, with which
it has a communication by one of the
iincft ftrectH imaginabh? ; and \U othrr
Arects, the fquares, and the public biiild>
ings are bi.'autit'itl. With rtt'ped to
commerce, Marfeillcs has been called
Europe in Miniature, on account of the
variety of dreflcs and languages which
are here feen and heard. The port is a
fpacious baiin of an oval form, and is
defended by a citadel and fort. In f 720,
the plague raged with great violence,
and carried off 50,000 of the inhabitants.
In 1793, Marfeillcs revolted againft the
French national convention, but was
ibou reduced. It is i,^ miles nw uf
Toulon, and j6} s by e of Paris. Lon.
5 iz K»lat. 43 18 N.
Man/i/ield, a town in Glouccfterfliire,
with a market on Tuefday, fcatid on
the Cotefwold hills, 11 miles e of Brif-
tol, and 103 w of London.
Manico Xuorio, a town of Naples,
in Priiicipato Citeriorc, si miles KNE
of Policaftro.
jMnt-'ico Fecchio, a town of Naples,
in Bafilicata, near the river Acre, 23
miles NE of Polii;allro.
Mars'tlhf, a town of France, in the
department of Maine, 10 miles s of
Su/anno.
JMar strand, a rocky ifland of Sweden,
in the Categat, lying nw of the mouth
of the Gotha. It is two miles in cir-
Cumt'ernice; and, on account of its
ftrcngth, is called the Gibraltar of
.Sweden. The town ftands on the k
fide, and the harbour is fccuro and
commodious, but of difticult entrance.
The inhabitants fubfifl chiefly by the
herring tifliery, by the number of fliips
which in bad weather take retuj^e in the
harbour, and by a contraband trade.
It is 13 miles n w of Gotheboig. Lon.
II ao t,lat. 57 59 N.
Martdy a town of Italy, in the patri-
mony of St. Peter : leated on a rivL'r of
the fame name, where h iirue.t iVoiii
thi.' lake boUi::n.i, 16 miles t of Caftio.
Martabant ,1 city of Pegu, capital of
a province of the lame name, fertile in
rice, fruits, and wines of all kinds. It
was a rich trading place brioie the
king of BifftraVi conquered the country,
who caufed a number of viHils to be
funk at the month of the harbour, fo
that it is now only to be entered by
fniall veflels. The chief trade is in
earthen ware and fifh. It is feated on
the bay of Bengal, at the mouth of tlie
Thaluan, ito miles si-, of Pegu. Lon.
t)7 /;6 E, ht. 16 .-^0 N".
Martnqo, a town of Spaii'., in Leon,
10 aules ')>>K of Ciudad Rudrigo.
M A IT
Marlapura. See Metnl^ura.
Mnrtii, a town of France, in thf de.
partmitit of Lot, feated mai the Dor*
dogne, iK .riles e of Sarlnt.
Martha, St. a province of Terrs
Firma, bounded on the n by the Carib-
bean fca, v. by Venezuela, s by New
Granada, and w by Carthagena. It is
a mnuntainouB country, and the land
very high. It aboundh with fruits pro-
per to the climate, and there arc mines
of gold and prcrious ftoncs, and ftit-
workg. Here the famous ridge of moiin.
tains begin, called the Andes, which
run s the whole length of S America.
Martha, St. the capital of a province
of the tame namo, in Terra Firma, and
a bifliop's fee. The harbour is fur-
rounded by high moimtains. It was
once llourilhing and populous, but has
much declined lincc the Spanifti fleets
no longi.'r touch here. The houfcs are
built of canes, and covered moftly with
palmeto leaves. It has been frequtmtly
pillaged and ruined by the Knglifli, the
Duth, and the buccaneers- It is fated
on one of the mouth? of the Madalena,
100 miles w by s of Rio de la Haciit,
Lon. 74 4 w, lat. 1 1 17 n.
Marthas Finct/ard, an illand near the
s coaft of Mafl'achufets, a little to the
w of Nantucket. It is j i miles \m%
and fix broad; and with Chabaquidiic,
Nomans ilk, and Elifahcth ifles, cun-
ftitute Dukes county. The inhabitants
fubfift by agriculture and filhing, in
which they have great fuccefs. Edgar*
ton is the chief town.
Marthahn, a town of SwiflTerland,
in the canton of Zurich, feated near the
Rhine, fix miles s of ScafThaufen.
Martigao, a town of Portugal, in
Beira, 22 miles ne of Coimbra.
Martif;nanat a town of Piedmont,
feated near the Po, five miles w of Sa-
luKZO-
Mivtigurs, a towpof France, in the
department of Mouths of the Rhone;
feated near a lake, la miles long ami
live broad, which producos excellent
lak, 3o miles nw of Marfeillcs.
Martin, Cape, a promontory of Va-
lencia, in Spain, which ftparates the
gulf of Valencia from that of Alicant.
Lon. o 36 E, lat. ,;jli 54 n.
Martin, St. a town of France, in the
iflc of Re, with a harbour and llrong
citadel, li miles WNW of Rochelic.
Lon. I 10 w , lat. 46 13 n.
Martin, St. one of the Leeward Ca-
ribbee illands, in the W Indies. 44 milts
iti circumfcrtnce. It has neither har-
bour nor river, but feveral ialt-pijs.
and its tobacco, the chief commodity
k n
Metflf'ura.
F Franco, in thf Ar.
att'd mm the Dor*
fSarliit.
province of Terrs
tin: N by tlic Carib-
le/iida, s by New
Carthagina. It is
intry, and the land
nds with fruits pro<
and there are minei
us AoncB, and fait-
nous ridge of moun.
the Andes, which
gth of S Amt-rica.
apital of a province
in 'I'erra Firma, and
'he harbour is fur-
mountains. It was
d populous, but has
:e the Spaniih fleets
re. The houfcs arc
covertd moftly with
has been frequently
I by the Knglifli, the
ane^TS. It ia fi.ati'd
hs of the Madalrna,
)f Kio d<> }a liaciitt
» ;; N.
dy ;in iiland near the
ufets, a little to the
It is II miles lonf^
with Chabaquid lie,
Elifabcth iflcs, con-
y. The inhabitant?
urc and fifhing, in
at fuccefs. Edgar*
n.
\vn of Swifferland,
rich,feated near the
f ScafThaufen.
vn of Portugal, in
of Coimbra.
;own of Piedmont,
five miles w of tJa-
p of France, in the
jths of the Rhone;
12 miles long and
produc^is excellent
f MarA'illes.
promontory of Va-
hich ftparates the
^m that of Aiicant.
n of France, m the
larbour and rtrong
wNw of Rocholle.
if the Leeward Ca-
W Indies, 44 miles
It has neithiT har-
t fevt-ral falt-pits,
i chief commodity
MAR
cultivated, is reckoned the bt ft in the
Cariblne idands. It has bten long
jointly poflt'nJL'd by the Frtnch and
Dutch. The w end is fiv*.- milt'S s of
Aneuilla. l.on. 6.) 16 vv, lat. 18 4 n.
Martinaihy a town of SwilU-rland, in
the Valais, on the river Dranfe, 1 2 miles
)\vof Sion.
Martini- r>, one of the Windward
Carihbi-t.' iflandN, 60 miles long and 30
broad. The French ponillld it from
i6,}5 till 1761, when it was taken by
the £n|;li(h ; and it was again taken by
thenlin 1794. There are high moun-
tains covered witli trees, fevtral rivers,
and many fertile vallt-ys, yet they wifl
neither bear wheat nor vines ; but the
tormcr is not much wanted, for the na-
tives prefer calfava to wheat bread. It
produces liigar, cotton, gingor, indigo,
ichucolate, aloes, pimento, plantains,
and other tropical fruits ; but fu^ar is
the principal commodity, of which a
conliderahle quantity is exported annu-
ally. The iflanti Is extremely popu-
lous; and it has fevral fafe and com-
mudiuus harbours, well fortified. It
luftered great damage by a tn-mendous
hurricane in 1U06. Fortroyal is the
capital.
Martinibitrfr^ a town of Virginia, ca-
pital of Bt'rkL'ley county, with two
churches, (ituatc in a fertile country,
10 miles ^y^•w of Shi-phcrdllown, ancl
::\K ot" Wincheflrr.
Martins viUf, a town of Virginia, chief
of Henry county, i.t miles s by w of
Rocky Mount, and 66 w of Halifax.
Martinviltf, a town of N Carolina,
capital of Guildford county. Near
this place, in 1781, lofd Cornwallis de-
feated general Grewie. It is feated on
Buffalo creek, a branch of Haw river,
45 miles w by n of llilliborough, and
50 NF. of Salisbury.
Martoci, a town in Somerfetfhire,
with a market on Saturday, feven miles
s of Somerton, and 130 w by s of Lon-
don.
Martoranot a town of Naples, in Ca-
labria Citt-riore, eight miles from the
fea, and 15 s of Cofen/a.
Martorel, a town of Spain, in Cata-
lonia, at the confluK of the Noya and
Lubiagal, 18 miles nw of Barcelona.
Marios, a town of Spain, in Anda-
liifia, with a fortrefs on a rock, 10 miles
wof Jaen.
Maru, a town of Perfia, in Cliorafan,
celebrated for its fait works ; fituate on
the-Morga, 150 miles ene of Mefched,
and 190 NNE of Herat.
Marvao, a town of Portugal, in
A1enw|*>> eight miles ne of Portalegre.
MAR
^Tnri-eioli, a town of France, in the
departmrnt of Lozt-re, feated on the
Colangf, ic miles nw «f Mende.
MnrvilU, a town of France, in tht?
departmont of Meufe, feated on the
Oiheiu, three miles n of Jamctz.
Mart/, St' a fmall feaport of the ftate
of Georgia, in Camden county, at the
mouth of St. Mary river, 70 miles s by
w of Newport. Lon. 81 52 w, lat. 30
Mart/ River, St. a river of th<' ftate
of Georgia, navigable for vtlicls of
coniiderable burden for 90 miles. Its
banks afford immenfe quantities of fine
timber fuited to the W India markets.
It riles in the Okcfonoke fwamp, and
thence forms the fouthern boundary
of the United States to the ocean, which
it enters at the town of St. Mary, be-
tween the points of Amelia and Cum-
berland Iflands.
Man/ Strait, St. a ftrait in N Ame-
rica, which forms the communication ,
between Lake Superior and Lake Hu-
ron. It is about 60 miles long, con-
taining a variety of iflands; and at the
upper end Is a rapid, which, by c.ireful
pilots, can be defeended without danger.
At tlio foot of the rapid, on the n fide,
is a fa*5tory belonging to a company .at
Montreal, conlifting of ftorehoufcs, a
faw-mill, and a bateau-yard.
Maryborough, a borough of Ireland,
capital of Queens county, not large,
but confiderable for its woollen inanu-
fatftures. It is 17 miles .s of PhiUpllown.
Lon. 7 o w, lat. 53 a n.
Mart/land, one of the United States
of America, 134 miles long and iio
broad ; bounded on the n by Pennlyl-
vania, k by the ftate of Delaware and
the Atlantic ocean, and on the s and
w by Virginia. It is divided into 19
counties, 1 1 of which are on the weft-
ern, and eight on the eafteni fhore of
the Chefapcak : thofe on the w fide .iri;
Hartford, Baltimore, Ann Arundel, Fre-
deric, Allegany, Walhmgton, .Montgo-
m«!ry, Prince George, Calvert, Charles,
and St. Mary ; thofe on the e, Cecil,
Kent, Queen Ann, Caroline, Talbot,
Somcrfet, Dorchefter, and Worceflcr.
Wheat .'ind tobacco are the ftaple com-
modities of this ftate, which, in moft
reipetfts, refemblts Virginia. Anapolis
iii the capital, but Baltimore h tht.- mart
of trade.
Mart/pert, a town in Cumberlaud,
with a market on Friday, and a good
harbour. In 1750 it was only a poor
fiihing town ; bur it has now up'vard
of 3000 inhabitants, who employ many
veli'els, from 50 to 250 tons burden, in
^
_^^
IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)
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I.I
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1? 144 ""
i« 12.0
lU
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1.4
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Hiotographic
Sciences
Corporalion
23 WEST MAIN STREET
WEBSTER, N.Y. I45S0
(716)87il-4S03
MAS
the poul or cqafting trade. Here are
ivfo ihip-yarus and a cottpn manufac>
ture. and clofe by is the Roman ftation»
yirofldutn, where feveral altars and
ftatV^s have been dug up. Maryport is
fituate at the muuth of the Ellen, in
the Iriih ie^, a? n)i)es sw of Carliflc,
andz97 nnw of London. LoQ.d saw,
lat. J4 35 K.
Mdnza Stroco^ a gulf on the SE fide
of the ifle of Malta. The Turks landed
iiere in 1565, when they went to belicge
Valetta. * It is now defended by three
forts, two at the entrance of the gulf^
and one at the point of land that ad-
vances into the middle of it-
Manullat a town of Spain, in the
province of Navarre, near the river Ar"
ragon, 30 miles s of Pamplona.
Mat d'jigtnoist a town of France, jn
the department of Lot ai.d Garonne,
on the river Garonne, 24 mili^s syr of
Agen, and 50 SE of Bourdeaux.
■ Mas d'Aiilt a town of France, iq the
department of Arfiege, with a Benedic-
tine abbey ; feated on the rivulet Ki&,
eight milessw of Pamiers.
Musafi^fOy an iQaqd in the Pacific
ocean, 80 miles w of Juan Fernandez.
It is high and mountainous, but loweft
to the N, and at a diftaiice appears like
pne hill o|- reck* It is of a triangular
form, about i$ miles in circumference,
and uninhabited, except by numerous
feals and goats- There is'alfo plehty
of wood, but difficult to be got off, as
the heavy furf allows cf no good land-
ing plnce. Lon. 81 40 w, lat. 33 ^o s.
MasbatetOX^^ of tlie Philippine iflands,
almf)ft in the centre of them. It is 80
miles in circumference, and the natives
are tributary to the Spaniards. \sya..
12a 25 E, lat. II 36 N.
Masbrough^ a village in W Yorkfhjre,
on the river Don, adjoining the bridge
bf Rotberham. Here are confjderable
iron works, where all forts of hammered
and caft iron goods are made, from the
moft trifling article to a large cannon,
df which gre:it quantities are exported.
*, Mascara, thie weftern province of
the kingdom of Algiers, 370 miles long
anc' 1 30 broad. It is dry, barren, and
inountailnous,' except on the n fide,
where there are plains abounding in
corn, fruit, and paftures. The s parts
are inhabited liy mdcpendent wandering
tribes, particularly the Angad tribe.
Mascara, the capital of the province
qf the fame name, in the kingdom of
AlgicrSt with a ftroiig cafllc in which
the bey refides. In ^73% it was an in«
confiderable placje; but is now th^ only
one in the kingdom) which, under tba
MAS
domination of the Turks, pc^eptiblf
increafes in profpnrity and extcoit. It is
not fo large as Tremefan, but furDalTes
it in beauty, having a great num&r oC
good houfep and newly ereAed mofqu^s.
It flands in the centre of a fertile and
populous diftrid, 4^ oiilcs sse ef Orao^
and 19Q sw of Algiers. Lon. o 40 b*
Muscat, & feaport of Arabia Felix,
and the chief tpvvn in the province of
Oman, with an excellent harbour. It
has a caftle oii^ rock, ^nd is very flrong
both by nature and art, though the
buildings arc mean. It was taken, in
J 508, by the Portuguefe, who retained
it for a century and a half. The ca-
thedral, built by the Portuguefe, is now
the king's palaoe. There is no vege-
tation to be feen on the feacoaft near it,
and Oily a few date-trees in a valley at %
the back of the town, though the iiiha^
bitants have ^11 things in plenty. The
weather is fo hot in the daytime from
May to September, that no people are
to be feen in the ftreets from ten till
four. The bazars or market-places ar^
covered with the leaves of date-trees,
laid on beams which reach from the
houfe tops on one fide to thofe of the
other. The religion of the inhabitants
is Mahometanifm, and yet, contrary to
the cuftom of the Turks, they fuflSer
any one to go into their mofques. The
products of the country are horfes.
dates, brimftone, coffee* and ruinofs, %
root that dies red. Mafcat is feated
op a fmall bay of the Arabian fea. Lon.'
S7 a6 E» lat. 13 39 N.
Masham, z town in N York 11) ire,
with a market qu Tuefday, feated on
the river Ure, nine miles' nw of Ripon,
and 2 18 NNw of London.
Mashangur, a town of Candaharj
in the province of Cabul, fituate on the
Seward, 48 miles n of Attock, and 130
£SE of Cibul. Lon. 71 7 e, lat. 33 54 n.^
Maskelyne Isle, a fmall beautiful
ifiand, in the Pacific ocean, lying off
the se point of Mallicollo, one of the
New Hebrides. Lon. 167 59 £, lat. 16
3« 3.
Masmtiaster, a town of France* in
the department of Upper Rhine, 25
miles ssw ef Colmar.
Masovia, a province of Gre.it Po-
land, containing the two palatinates of
Czcrflt, or Mafovia Proper, and PlocZ"
ko. This province was feized by
PrufiGa, in the general divifion ; but at
the peace of Tilfit it was given VP to
Saxony. Warfaw is the chief citjr. 1
Massat a towu.nf Italy* capital of a
fmall t>ri|[icripali(y x)f tbe.iiUtiie sfXfUit^^
pcrceptiblf
:xtent. Iti«
but furpafles
It number oC
ted mofqu^s.
a fertile and
jESE ef Oran,
^n. o 40 B^
^nibia Felix,
province of
liarbour. It
8 very ftrong
though the
as takeui in
who retained
If. The ca-
;uefe, is now
is no vege?
coaft near it»
in a valley at •
igh the iiiba-
•lenty. The
aytime from
9 people are
From ten till
et-places are;
f date-trecSf
:b from the
thofe of the
e inhabitants
) contrary to
, they fuffer
fques. The
are horfest
id ruinois, a
at is feated
anfea. Lon.'
York fli ire,
y, feated on
AT of Ripon,
Candahari
tuate on the
ick, and 130
lat. 33 54 »:
beautiful
|n, lying off
one of the
;9 Etlat. 16
France* in
Rhine, 25
Greit Po-
ilatinates of
and Plocz*
fei^ed by
on ; but at
Iven vp to
efcit;^. I
e q^i^„«ug(.
M A 8
the gulf of Genoa, which is famous for
its quarries of fine marble. The town
and its territory belonged to Tufcan]^,
but was given in 1806 to Lucca. It is
feated on the river Frigida, three miles
from the fea, and 24 sr nw of Pifa. Lon.
10 10 B, lat. 44 a N.
Majsoi a town of Tufcany, in the
Siennefe. Borax and lapis lazuli are
found in the neighbourhood. It is
feated on a mountain near the fea, ^5
miles sw of Sienna. Lon. 1 1 3 b, lat.
43 5»-
Massot a town of Naples, in Terra
di Lavoro, on the s fide of the bay of
Naples, 30 miles wsw of Salerno.
Massacbtuets, one of thu United
States of America, i jo miles long and
from 60 to 90 broad ; bounded on the
N by New Hampfhire and Vermont, w
by New York, s by Connetfticiit, Rhode
Illand, and the Atlantic ocean, and e
by that ocean and MalTachufets bay.
It is divided into 1 2 countit-s ; niimely,
Suffolk, Norfolk, Effex, Middlefex,
Hampfhire,Worcefter,PJymoath, Barn-
liable, Dukes, Nantucket, Briftol, and
Berkibire. There are five other coun-
ties in the diftrift of Maine, which dif-
trift belongs to Maflachufets. This
Rate. is well watered by a number of
finall rivers ; produces plenty of maize,
wheat, flax, hemp, copper, and iron ;
and has manufactures of iron, paper,
leather, linen and woollen cloth. Bol-
ton is the capital. See Maine-
Maisachusets Bai/, a bay of N Ame-
rica, which fpreads eaftward of Boftoii,
and is comprehended between Cape
Ann on the k, and Cape Cod on the s.
It is fo named, as well as the whole
ftate of Maffachufets, from a tribe of
Indians of the lame name, that former-
ly lived round this bay.
Masjtufra^ a town of Naples, in TciTa
d'Otranto, 16 miles nw of Taranto.
Masjagatio, a town of Congo, in
Angola, capital of a province of its
name; feated on the Coanzo, 140 miles
£SE of Loanda. Lon. 14 30 e, lat. 9
40 s.
Massapot a town.of Mocararaga, near
which are vich mines of gold. The
Portuguefe are fettled here. It is feated
on a river, 300 miles nw of Sofala.
^'^"•31 55 ^> l^t- x8 5 s.
Maueranoi a town of Piedmont, late-
ly the capital of a fmall principality of
the fame name. It is 40 miles nne of
Turin. Lon. 8 14 E,lat. 45 38 n.
Masseube, a town of France, in the
department of Gers, 14 miles s of
Auch.
Mastot a town of Further Fome-
M A T
rania, with a caftle, 10 miks k of New
Starpard.
Masuahy a town of Abyffmia, (ituate
on ati illand on the coalt of the Red fea,
with an excellent harbour, diftribated
into three divifions. The hottf^ in
general, are built of poles and Dent
?;rafs, as in the towns in Arabia ; and a
ew_ are of ftone, fome of them two
Itories high. Lon. 39 3.6 e, lat. 15 35 n.
Masvaux, a town of France, in the
department of Upper Rhine, to miles N
ofBefort.
Masulipatamt a city and feaport of
HindooiLin, in the circar of Condapilly.
It is a place of confiderable trade for
chintzes and painted linens, and feated
near one of the mouths of the Kiflna,
73 miles sw of Rajamundry. Lon. 81
15 E, lat. 16 10 N.
Matat a town of Spain, in Valencia.
Near it is a lake of the fame -name,
noted for the immenfe quantity of fait
that it produces. The town ftaiuls on
the feacoall, 38 miles ssw of Alicant.
MaiacOi or Mantacay a commodious
bay on the n coaft of the illand of
Cuba, 35 miles b of Havanna. Lon. 81
16 vv, lat. sj la N.
JSIataloy a town raid cape on the s
coaft of tiie illand of Candia, 30 miles s
of Candia. Lon. 24 58 e, lat. 34 46 n.
Matambay a kingdom of Africa, in
Congo, bounded on the n by Congo
Proper, e by parts unknown, s by
Bt;mba and Benguela, and w by Angola.
The chief town is St. Maria.
JIatan, or AJactany one of the Phi-
lippine illands, on the e fide of %ebu.
It is a fmall one, but noted for being
the place where Magellan was killed,
in 1521, after he had conquered the ille
of Zebu.
Matapatiy Ca/>ey the nioft fouthern
promontory of the Morea, between the
gulf of Coron and that of Colochina.
Lon. 22 40 E, lat. 36 25 K.
Mataranty a town of the illand of
Java, capital of a kingdom. It is ftrong
by fituation, and feated in a fertile and
populous country, furrounded by moun<
tains. Lon. m 55 e, lat. 7 15 s.
Mataroy a town of Spain, in Cata-
lonia, celebrated for its glafs works, and
the beft red wine made in the province.
It is feated on the Mediterranean, 17
miles NE of Barcelona.
Matco<witzy a ftrong town of Upper
Hungary, in the county of Scepus,
feated on a mountain, 185 miles nk
of Prefljurg. ^
Matelica, a town of Italy, in the
marquifale of Anccna, 15 miles s of
Jefi.
M A U
Matera, a town of Naples, in Trrr.a
dOtranto, thf U-c of an archbiiliop. H
ia feated on tht Canapro, 45 miles wnw
of Taranto. Lon. 16 34 r:, lat. 40 50 N.
Materia^ See UeliopoUs.
Atathan, a town of the empire of
Boniou, with a royal palace, forming a
kind of citadel; litu^^te on a fmall river,
100 miles !>w of Bornou.
Matlocit a village in Derbyfliire, fltu-
ate on the Derwent, four miles n of
Wirkfworth. It is an extenlite ftrag-
gling place, built in a romantic flylt", on
the fteep iide of a mountain ; and near
the bridge are two chalybeate fprings.
A I'ttlo to the s is Mitlock-bath, fa-
mous for its warm baths, which are
much frequented from April to Odo-
ber. There are good accommodations
for the company who refort to the
baths. Near the weftern bank of the
river is a petrifying fpving; and the
poorer inhabitants are fupported by the
fale of petrifactions, fpars, &c.
Mattckeviz, a town of Poland, in the
palatinate of Mafovia. memorable for a
great vidlory obtained by the Ruilians
over the Pole3 in 1 794. It is 3 2 miles e
of Warfaw. '
Matt/ieo, St. a town of Spain, in Va-
len^ia^ lo iniK'S from the Mediterranean,
and'jB NNE of Valencia.
MattherM, St. an ifland in the Atlan-
tic, 4»o miles s by w of Cape Palmas
on the coaft of Guinea. It was planted
by the Poituguefe, but is now deferttd.
Lon. 8 10 w, lat- i 24 s.
' Matthe-iu, St. a fniall ifland in the
Indian ocean. Lon. 133 51 k, lat. 52
3 s-
Mattsie, a town of Bavaria, in the
duchy of Salzburg, is miles n of Salz-
burg.
Matumat/, a feaport in the ifland of
Jffo, capital of a province of the fame
name, tributary to Japan. Lon. 13855
E, lat. 42 o N.'
Matunit a feaport of Ceylon, with a
fmall fort. The country round is ex-
ceeding wild, and abounds in elephants,
which are iiere principally caught for
exportation. It is iituate on a river,
nearly at the fouthmofb point of the
ifland, 25 miles ese of Galle. Lon. 80
a8 K, lat. 5 5^ N.
Matura, a town of HindooAan, in tlie
province of Agra, 22 miles ne of Agra,
and 70 8SF. of Delhi.
^.Iaubaly a town of the country of
Candahar, 70 niiles nne of Candahar.
Maubeuget a fortified town of France,
in the department of Nord. In 1793,
the Auftrians formed the blockade of
tliis plage, but vvere driven from their
MAX
pofition. It is feated on the Sambr4>,
15 utiles s of Mons, and 22 ese of Va-
lenciennes.
Mauldahy a town of Hindobftan . in
Bengal, fituate on a river that comm -
nicatcs with the Ganges. It arofe ou;
of the ruins of Gour, which are in its
ncighboui-hood ; and is a place of trade,
particularly in lilk, i;o miles u of Cal-
cutta. Lon. 8H 16 E, lat. 25 3 N.
Mauleoa, a town of France, in the
department of Vendee, with an ancient
cattle on a rock. It is feated near the
river Oint, ^a miles ne of Rochclle,
and 52 Nw of Poitiers.
MauUon, a town of France, in the
department of Lower Pyrenees, 10 miles
wsw of Pan.
Mauleprty a town of France, in the
dep.irtment of Upper Pyrenees, a 8 miles
SK of Tarbes.
Maura, St. an ifland of the Mediterra-
nean, about 50 miles in circuit, which
forms part of the republic of Seven
I Hands. It lies near the coaft of Alba-
nia, 15 miles N of the ifland of Cephar
Ionia. Lon. 20 46 e, lat. 38 40 n.
Maure, St- a town of France, in the
department of Indre ana Loire, 17 miles
s of Tours, and 148 sw of Paris.
Mauriac, a town of France, in the
department of Cantal, famous for ex-
cellent horfes; feated near the Dor-
dogne, 29 miles E of Tulle, and 38 wnw
of St. Flour.
M^uricet St. a town of Swiflerland,
in the Vallais. It guards the entrance
into the Lower Vallais, from Bern; and
is fituate on the Rhone, between two
high mountains, 16 miles nw of Mar-
tigny.
Mauritius- See France, Lie of.
Maurua, one of the Society ijlands,
in the Pacific ocean, 14 miles w of Bo-
labola. Lon. 152 3a w, lat. 16 25 s.
Mautern, a town of Auftria, on the
s fide of the Danube, oppofite Stein,
with which it is co)ine<5led by a long
wooden bridge. U is 11 miles n by w
of St. Polt«n.
Ma^us, St. a borough in Cornwall,
which has no church, chapel, nor mar-
ket. Henry viii bv.i't a cattle here,
oppofitti Pendennis cattle, for the better
fi'curity of Falmouth. It is feated on
tl e E fide of Falmouth haven, 12 miles
ssw of Grampound, and »6a w by s of
London.
Maxeyi, a town of Upper Saxony, in
Mifnia, celebrated for a victory obtain^
cd by the Auftrians over the Pruflians,
in t ►•59, when ao,ooo Prufltans furren-
dertd themfelvcs prifoners of war. I^
is 10 miles Si of Drefden.
the Sambr«»,
■■ ESE of Va-
rdooftan . in
hat comm -
It arofe ou;
ch are in its
ace of trade,
L's N of Cal-
incc, in the
h an ancient
ted near the
Jf Rochclle,
uice, in the
ees, JO miles
"ice, in the
ces, 38 miles
: Mediterra-
rcuit, which
c of Seven
aft of Alba-
i of Cephar
8 40 N.
ance, in the
ire, 1 7 miles
Paris.
ince, in the
ous for ex-
r the Dor-
md38wN\v
Swiflerland,
he entrance
Bern; and
!tween two
w of Mar-
sle of.
ety ijlands,
8 w of Bo-
16 25 s.
ria, on the
jfite Stein,
by a long
les N by w
Cornwall,
, nor mar-
:aftle here,
the better
feated on
I, 13 milca
w by s of
Saxony, in
•ry obtaint
Pniflians,
ns furren-
■ war. I^
MAY
Maximin, St. a town of France, in
the department of Var, feated on the
Argers, ai milts s of Toulon.
Mafft 3 fmall ifland of Scotland, at
the mouth of the frith of Forth, with a
lighthoufe. fix miles se of Anftruther*
which is the neareft part of the coaft.
Mai/, Cape, a cape of N Amevica, on
the n" tide of the mouth of the Dela-
ware. Lon. 75 4 w, lat. 39 o x.
Mayambft, or Majumba, a town of
the kingdom of Loango, capital of a
iliftrid of the fame name. The chief
trade is in logwood. It ftands at the
mouth of the Banna, no miles nw of
Loango; Lon. 9 5p E,lat. 3 to s.
Maybole, a town of Scotland, in Ayr-
fliire, with a manufat^ture of blankets ;
feated on an eminence, furrounded by
hills, eight miles s of Ayr.
Mat/en, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Rhine and Mofeile, lately
of Germany, in the ekiftorate of Treves,
with a caflle and a collegiate church ;
feated on the I^'ette, 20 miles w by n of
Coblentz.
Mayence. See Mcntx-
Mayeniie^ a department of France,
including part of the late province of
Maine. It takes its name from a river,
which flows s, by the cities of Mayenne
and Laval, to that ov Angeri, where it
receives the Sarte, and foon after joins
the Loire. Laval is the capital.
Mayenne, a city of France, in the
department of the fame name, with a
caftle on a rock. It is feated on the
river Mayenne, 45 miles wnw of Mans.
Lon. o 43 w, lat. 4B 18 n.
Mayenne and Loire, a d<^artment of
France, which includes the late pro-
vince of Anjou. It has its name from
two rivers. Angers is the capital.
Maynootht a town of Ireland, in the
county of Kildare. Here is a royal
college for ftudents intended for the
Komifh church ; and a college for lay
ftudents of the fame perfuafton. It is
1 2 miles w of Dublin- .
Mayo, a county of Ireland, in the
province of Connaught, 63 miles long
and 5a broad; bounded on the k by
Kofcommon, s by Galway, w and s
by the Atlantic, and ne by Sligo. It
is divided into 68 pariflies, contains
about 140,000 inhabitants, and f*'nds
two members to parliament. The w
coaft is mountainous, and thinly inha-
bited ; but the interior prodixes excel-
lent pafturage, and is watered by feveial
lakes and rivers. Tl'f principal town is
Caftleban
Maya, a town of Ireland, onre the
papital of tjie couuty of its luiMU', but
M E A
now A poor place, nine miles sb of Caf-
tlebar.
Mai/o, one of tbe Cape Verd illands*,
17 miles in circumference. The ne'
end is low, and the lahd rifes gra^lly
till it arrives at a volcanic mouncili* to
th? sw of which is irregular ground^
foon followed by a liigh difurderly peak
much more lofty than the volcanic
cone. The foil in general is barren,
and water fcarce; but there are plenty
of beeves, goats, and alles; as alfo fome
corn, yams, potatues, plantains, figs,
and watermcU)n8. The chief ccmimo-
dity is fait, with which many Englifh
ftiips are freighted in the ftimmer time.
Pinofa is the principal town. Lon. sj
5 w, lat. 1.5 10 K.
Mayor^a, a town of Portugal, in
Eftremadiira, near the Atlantic, 15 miles '
sw of Leiria, and 51 n of Lifl)on.
MaysvUle. See l.hmstone.
Mayavar. See Oudipour.
Mazaffran, a river of the kingdom
of Algiers, which runq into the Medi-
terranean, 30 miles w of Algiers. At
its entrance into the fea it is a confider-
able river, and little inferior to Shellif.
Mazagan, a ftrong town of the king-
dom of Morocco, near the Atlantic,
eight miles w of Azamor, and i ao n of
Morocco. Lon. 8 15 w, lat. 33 13 N. ■
Mazanderan, a province of Perfia,
bounded on the N by the Cafpian fea,
w by Ghilan, s by Irac Agemi, and E
by Aftrabad. It is a fertile country,
and the mountains on its s boundary
are covered with timber trees. Fcrabad
is the capital.
Mazara, a feaport of Sicily, in Val
di Mazara, and a bilhop's fee. It has
a capacious harbour, and is built on the
ruins of the ancient Seftnuntum, 50
miles sw of Palermo. Lon. iz 30 £,
lat' 37 53 N.
Maziera, or Maeeira, an ifland in the
Arabian fea, on the coaft of Oman, 50
miles long and from four to eight broad.
Lon. 59 30 R, lat. 2o 30 n.
Meadia, a town of Hungary, in the
bannat of Temefwar. It Avas taken
by the Turks in 1 73 8 and 1 789, .ind is ij
miles N of Orfova.
Meao, a fmall ifland, one of the Mo-
luccas, in the Indian ocean, with a good
harbour. Lon. 127 5 E,lat. i 13 n.
MfciriiS' See Kincardineshire.
Mrath, or East Meatli, a county of
Iii'land, in the province of Leinfter, 36
miles long and 35 broad; bounded on
the N by Cavan and Louth, k by the
Iriih fia and county of Dublin, s by that
rcdiity and Kildare, and w by Weft
^> U U h • It is divided into 1 47 pariihes.
'M K'C
^frtatns about 112,400 inhabitant^
and fends two members to parli.imcnt'.
)t formerly contained fevcrul fmall
kiftioprics, which were gradually united
intone. fee, and received the name of
Jileaill in the nth century. There is
fto cat'hedral, and the cpifcopal palace
is at Ardbraccan, a vilLign near Navan.
The foil of Meath is vai.oua, but gene-
rally rich, producing abundance of corn,
and feeding numerous Ibeep and cattle-
Trim is the c:ipital.
Meat/i, IVeJty a county of Ireland, in
the province of Leinfter, 33 tniles long
and 24 broad ; boundrd on the N by
Cavan, nb and E by Eaft Mtath, s by
Kings county, w by Rofconimon, from
which it is feparatcd by the Shannon,
and Nw by Longford. It is divided into
6» pariflies, contains about 70,000 in-
habitants, and fends three members to
parliament. It is very fertile in paf-
turage and corn, and has feveral fmall
lakes and rivers. Mulkngar is the
coiHity town.
MeauXi a town of France, in the de-
partment of Seine and Marne, and a
bitbop's fee. It is larg^ and populous ;
and the market-place 'is a peninfula,
CORtiguous to the town, which was
formerly well fortified, and, in 1421,
ftoodatiege of three months againft the
Englifli. It is Jeated on the -Vlarne, 25
miles NE of Paris. Lon. z 53 e, lat. 46
58 N.
Mecca, a city of Arabia Defcrta,
famous for being the birthplace of Ma-
homet. It is feated in a barren valley,
furrounded by riaiiy little hills, conlift-
iog of a blackiih rock. The bnildiiigs
are very mean, and its fupport is th<;
great refort of pilgrims at a certain lea-
ion of the year ; for, at other times,
the iliops arc fcaicely open. On the
top of one of the hills is a cave, vvheve
they pretend Mahomet ufually retired
to perform his devotions j and hitlicr,
they ailirm, the gre.ittil part of the
Koran was brought iiim by the angel
Gabriel. Numbers of Iheep are broujiht
hith|:r to be fold to the pilgrims. The
temple of Mecca ha;i .1 ^ doors, and its
form rofembles tht Royal Exchange in
London, but it is rear ten tinn-3 as
large. The nt»>a in the middle is co-
▼etfd with grave!, e.xccpt in two or
thYee places that lead to the Beat- Allah
through certain doors ; and thefe are
paved with Ihort ilones. The Biat-
AUah, in the middle of the temple, is a
fquar^ flvodture, each fide about ao
paces long, and 24 feet high ; covered
all over with a thick fort of lilk, .ind
the middle embroidered with large
M E C
letters of gold : the door is covtfcd
with filvcr plates, and has a curtain
befun; it, thick with gold embroidery.
This Beat is the principal objedl of the
pilgrims devotion, and is open but two
days in the fpace of iix weeks, one day
for the men, and the next for the wo»
men. About la paces from the Beat,
is the ftpulchre of Abraham, as they
pretend; and thay affnin that he creat-
ed the Beat-Allah. Two miles from
the town is the hill where they fay
Abraham went to offer up his fon
Ifaac. Mecca is governed by a Iheref,
who is a temporal prince, and his reve-
nue is incrcafed by the donations of
Mahometan fovereigns. It is 34 miles
ENE of Jidda, the feapoit af Mecca,
and a so s by e of Medina- Lon. 40
55 E, lat. ai 40 N.
Mcchadebt a town of Arabia, in Ye-
men, 7 a rniles 8 pf Sana. Lon. 44 15
E, lat.14 7 N.
MecliHitt or MaUnejy a city of the
Netherlands, in Brabant, and an arch-
bifliop's fee. It conlifts of feveral
fmall iflands made by artificial canals,
over which are a gre.it many bridges.
The cathedral is a fuperb ftrudurca
with a very high ftecple. Here is a great
foundery for ordnance of all kinds;
and the beft Brabant lace, fine linen,
damalks, carpets, and leather are made
h(M-e. Mechlin fubmitted to the duke
of Marlborough in 1706, and was taken
by the French in 1746, but reftored in
1748. In 179a, it furrendered to the
French, who evacuated it the next
year, and re-entered it in 1794- It is
feated on the Dyle, 10 miles nne of
Brufl'els, and 1.5 ssk of Antwerp. Lon.
4 ap K, lat. 51 a n.
Mechoachan, a province of Mexico,
in the audience of Mexico ; bounded
on the NW by New Bifcay, ne by
Pamuco, E by Mexico Proper, s by the
Pacific ocean, and' w by New Galicia.
It is 200 mileft in circumference, and is
very rith, abounding in all the necef*
fliries of life. It has aifo mines of iilver
and copper, great plenty of cocoa,
much filk, Mechoachan root, and fe-
veral odoriferous gums and balfams.
Mechoachany or FalladoUd, a city of
Mexico, capital of the province of
Mechoachan, and a bifliop's fee. It is
feated near the fource of a river, no
miles w of Mexico. Lon. loa a 8 w,
lat. ao 8 N.
Altdefi/ieim, a town of France, in the
department of Rhine and Mofelle, lately
of Germany, in the eledlorate of Co-
logne ■, iituate on the Erflt, eight milest
sw of Boniu
r is covM-cd
»» a curtain
embroidery,
nbjea of the
pen but two
eks, one day
for the wo.
)ra the Beat,
am, as they
liat he cte«Jt-
miles from
ere they fay
up his fun
by a Iheref,
and iiis rcve-
jonations of
t is 34 miles
t af Mecca,
a,. Lon. 40
abia, in Ye-
Lon. 44 15
city of the
ind an arch-
of feveral
Hcial canals,
my bridges,
•b ftradlure,
•re is a great
all kinds;
, fine linen,
ler are made
to the duke
id was taken
t rcftored in
lered to the
it the next
1794. It is
les NSE of
rerp. Lon.
of Mexico,
bounded
ay, NE by
jr, s by the
?vv Gaiicia.
iicc, and is
tiie nccef-
nes of filver
of cocoa,
Dt, and fc-
)alfanis.
a city of
rovince of
> fee. It is
river, no
loa s8 w,
nee, in the
felle, lately
ate of Co-
eight milest
MED
J^ecilefiltiirg, a Uuchy of Gcrmanv,
{n the circle q( Lower Saxony ; bound-
ed on the N by the Baltic, e by Pome-
ranla, s by Brandenburg, and w by
I|olftein and Luncburg. It extends 13 s
miles in length, and 90 where bruadelt,
and abounds In corn, puftures, and
game. The country was, for many
centuries, tmder the government of one
prince: but on the? death of the fo-
vereign in 159a, it yvM divided between
^is two fons; the elded retaining the
duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, which
is confidcrably the largeft ihare> and
the younger obtained the duchy of
Mecklenburg-Strelitz. Schwerin is the
capital of the former, and New Strelit^
of the latter.
Mecklenburg, a town of Virginia,
chief of a county of the fame name. It
ftands near the head of Roanoke river,
70 miles sw of Peterfliurg. J-on. 78
50 w, lat. 36 4* **•
MeckUy> See Cassaj.
Mecorir a river, which rifes ia the ne
part of Tibet, and flows sse through
the province of Yunan in China, and the
l^ingdoms of Laos and Cambodia, into
the China fea. At the city of Cam-
bodia it divides into two branches,
which run nearly parallel to each other
for above aoo miles to the fea; the
eaftern of which is called Cambodia,
and the weftern, Oubequeme.
Mecran, or Makran, a province of
Perfia, bounded on the n by Segedan
and Candahar, e by Hindooftan, s by
the Indian ocean, and w by Kerman.
The fouthern part is dry, and little
more than a defert ; the northern is lefs
fo, but animals arc rare, and the foil
far from fertile. Kidge is the capital.
' Mecrinost a town of Portugal, in
Tra los Montes, 15 miles nne of
Torre de Moncove, and 24 se of Mi-
randela.
Medeoy a town of Algiers, in the
province of Titeri, feated in a country
abounding in corn, fruit, and flieep,
35 miles sw of Algiers.
Medea, or Mabdia, a town of Tunis,
formerly a place of importance, ifeated
on a peninfula in the gulf of Cabes, 100
miles s by K of Tunis.
Medebachf a town of the duchy of
Weftphalia, nine miles sw of Corbach.
Medeliitt a town of Spain, inEftrema-
dura, the birthplace of the celebrated
Fernando Cortes. It is feated in a
fertile country, ot\ the river Guadiana,
24 miles E by s of Merida.
Medelpadit^t a province of Sweden,
in Nordtand,, on the gi)lf of Bothnia.
^t is 70 mile^ Ipng and 44 broad, very
MED
mountainoiis and vroody* but inter-
fperfed with lakes, rivers, and fertHe
valleys. Sundfwald is the capital.
Medenblick, a feaport of N Uollandf
with an old caflle and good hn|bour»
The chief commerce is in Ulnber
brought from Norway and Sweden ;
and the vicinity is remarkable for it«
rich paftures. MedenbUck was taken
by the Englifh in 1799. It is feated at
the entrance into the Zuyder Zee, 2I
miles N E uf Amfterdam. Lon. 4 5 1 b«
lat. i,z 46 N.
Medford, a town of Maflachufets, in
Miiidlefex county, noted for its dif-
tillcries and brick-<works. It ftands on
the MyftiC) three miles from its mouth*
and four n of Bofton.
Median. See Madian.
Medina, a town of Ar.ab|^ Deferta»
celebrated for being the burial-place (^
MahometS It is a fmall, poor place,
but walled roupd, and has a large
mofquc. In one comer of the mofque
is a place 14 paces fquare, with great
windows, and brafs gates ; and in the
middle is the tomb of Mahomet, in-
clofed with rich curtains, and lighted
by a great number of lamps, ^ledina
is called the City of the Prophet, be-
caufe here he was proteded by the in-
habitants when ha fled from Mecca ;
and here he was firft ihveftcd with
regal power. The time of his death
was in 6^7 ; but the Mahometan epoch
begins in 622, from the time of hi>
flight. It is feated on a fandy_ plain,
abounding in palm-trees, aoo miles nw -
of Mecca. Lon. 39 33 E, lat. a4 to n.
Medina, a town of Spain, in Ellre-
madura, feated at the foot of a moun-
tain, 25 miles WNW of Lerena, and 46
SSE of Badajoz.
» Medina del Campo, a town of Spain,
in Leon, feated in a country abounding
with com and wine, 23 miles ssw of
Valladolid, and 48 e of Salamanca.
Medina Ce/i, a town of Spain, in Old
Caftile, feated near the Xalun, 40 milea
NE of Sigij^nza, and 88 sw uf Sara-
gofla.
Medina del Rioseco, a town of Spain,
in Leon, feated near the Sequillo, ax
miles Nvv of Valladolid, and 56 sse of
Leon.
Medina Sidonia, a town of Spain, in
Andaiuiia, with a caftle, 24 miles $£ of
Cadiz, and 60 s of Seville.
Medingen, a town of Lower Saxony,
in the duchy of Luneburg, feated on
the ilmcnau, 14 miles sse of Luneburg.
MtdUerranean, a fea between Afia,
Atrica, and Europe, communicating
with the Atlantic ocnan by-thc ftrait ^
M E H
Gibraltar, and with the Black foa by
the ftrait of Galipoli, the fea of Mar-
mora, and the ftrait of Conftantinopl*!.
It is of very great extent, but has no
tide,;«f«id a conftant current fcts in
from'wc: Atlantic through the ftrait of
Gibraltar. It contains many iflands,
fevural of thorn Inrgf, as Majorca, Cori-
lica, Sardinia, Sicily, Caiidia, and Cy-
prns. The eafteni part of it, bordering
on Afia, is fometimes called the Le-
vatitSea. Lob. 6 w to 72 e, lat. 31 to
44 M.
McdnUi, a town of Poland, in the
province of Samogitia, and a bilhop's
fee ; iVatcd on the VVarwitz, 40 miles e
ofMemel.
Medvjau, a river of England, which
rifes in Amdown foreft, in Suflcx ; en-
tering Kt'nt, it flows by Tunbridge to
Maidftone, and is navigable thence to
Rochefter; below which, at Chatham,
it is a ftation for the royal navy. Di-
viding into two branches, the weftet-n
one enters the Thames, between the
ifles of Grain and Shepey, and is de-
fended by the fort at Sheerncfs. The
caftern branch, called \Y\t Eaft Swale,
partts by Queenborough and Milton,
:uid enters the German ocean, below
Feverfham.
Medivi, a town of Sweden, in E
Gothland, miK'Ii freauented on accoTint
of its waters, which are vitriolic and
fiilphurcous. The lodging hoiifes form
one ftrect of uniform wooden buildiiijjs
painted red. It ftands near the lake
Wetter, three miles from Wadftcna.
Mcdz'tboz, a town of Poland, in t^c
pilnlinatr of Volhini'a, on the river Bog,
■10 miJcH .< of Conllanlinow.
Mechtb, a tnwn of Algiers, in the
pin\incc of Conflantiiia, furrounded
by p.Tidens producing abiinilance ot"
herbs ;ind excellent fiuit, particubrly
pomegranates. It is 14 miles nw of
Conjlantina.
AUfTiirih «i town of F.nropean Tur-
key, in IJvadia, formerly vt.'ry large,
but now inconfider.ible. It has fome
fine ren)ains of antiquity, and is 20
miles w of Athens.
Vc,q-fw, a town of Dutch Brabant,
feated on the Mcufc, 15 miles wsw of
Ninieguen.
Mtfrfia. ^iee Burrnmpeoter-
M>htm, .T town of France, in the de-
partment ot" Cher. Here are the ruins
of a caftle Iniilt by Charles vn, as a
place of retirement : and here he ftarvt d
liimlelf. in the dread of being poifoned
by his fon, aflei-wnrd Lewinxi. ft is
ieated on the Ycvre, 10 miles nw of
Bourges. -
MEL
Mehurt sur Loire, a town of France,
in the department of Loirct, feated on
the Loire, 10 miles sw of Orleans.
Meimiu, an ifland in the middle lake .
of Conftance, one mile in length, which
produces excellent wine. It is five
miles NW of Conftance.
Mehiungen, a town of Upper Saxony,
in Thuringia, capital of the county of
Henneberg, with a tine caftle- It is,
fituate amid mountains, on the river
Werra, 16 miles nw of Hildburghau-
itn, and 23 s of Gotha. Lon. 1043 ^>
lat. ?o 38 N.
Meissen, or Mhnifi, a margravate of
Germany, in the circle of Upper Sax-
ony, 100 mil "S lon^ and 80 broad j .
bounded on the n by the duchy of Sax-' •
ony, E by Lufatia, s by Bohemia, and '
w by Fra'nconia and Thuringia. It is J^' ,
fine country, prqducing porn, wine, me- >
al s, and all the conveniences of life.
Meissen^ a town qf Upper Saxony,,
capital of a margravate of the fame
name, vyith a caftle, in which is a fa-
mous manufa^nre of porcelain. The
cathedral has a lofty fteeple, and it is
the burial place of the Saxon princes
to the year 1539- The bridge over the
Elbe, burned down by the P'liflians in
1757, has been replaced b; another of
a very handfomeconftru^ioh. Meiflfen
is feated on the rivulet Meifle. at its
jundtlon with the Elbe, 13 miles nnw
of Drefden. Lon. 13 31 E»lat 51 u s.
Meisscnheim, a town of France, in the
department of Sarre, lately of Germany,
in the duchy of Deux Fonts; fituate on
the Glan, 34 miles n by e of Deux
Fonts, and 44 e of Treves.
Me/assa, a town of Afiatic Turkey,
in Natolia, fituate on a fertile plain,
niMr n mountain abounding in white
marble. It was anciently a city, adorn-
ed with many public buildings, efpe-
cially temples; and is now a large
place, but the houfcs are mean. It is
96 miles ssK of Smyrna. Lon. 27 50
E, lat. ,:i7 15 N.
Ale/azzo. See Milazzo.
Mel/joum, a village in Derby/hire,
eight miles s by e of Derby. Here are
the vcftiges of an ancient caftle ; and it
has a manufacture of worfteti ftookings.
Meld, a town of Aiiftria, with a
BenedidiTif abbey on a high rock, near
the Daiiui)e, 10 miles w of St. Polten.
Melcomb Regis, a town in Dorfet-
ftiire. united to Weymouth as a port,
as a corporation, and as a market-town,
but isa dirtinft b ough. It is feated
on the ?f fide of an arm of thef fea, and
iointd to Weymouth ' by a timber
"bridjje, whiclt has a difawbridge iu Kh^
middlet to admit the paflagc of (liips
into the weftern pait of the harbour.
Alelcomb has good ftreets and yards
for merchandife* and is 127 miles wsw
of London. See IVelfmouth.
Meldela, a town of Italy, in Romagnai
eight miles sw of Ravenna-
Meldtrtt a town of the Netherlands,
in Brabant, 10 miles se of Louvain.
Meldorf, a town of Lower Saxony,
in Holftein, feated near the mouth of
the Myla, 2a miles n nw of Gluckiladt.
Meldruniy a town of Scotland, in
Aberdccnfliire> 17 miles nnw of Aber-
deen.
Mtlfi, a town of Naples, in Bafilicata,
with a caftle on a rock, 20 miles nnw
ofAcerenza.
Melgiiza, a town of Portugal, in
Ehtre Douero e Minho, with a (troug
ciftle ; feated on the Alinho, 27 miles
N hy E of flraga.
MelUa, an ifland of Dalmatia, in the
gulf of Venice, and in the republic of
Ragufa. It is 30 miles in length, and
abounds in oranges, citrons, wine, and
filh. It has a Benedi<ftine abbey, fix
villages, and feveral harbours.
Melilla, a town of the kingdom of
Fez, on the coaft of the Mediterranean.
It was taken in 1496, by the Spaniards,
who built a citadel ; but it was re-*
ftored to the Moors. It is 115 miles
NE of Fez. Lon. a 57 w, hit. 34 58 n.
Melinda, a kingdom of Africa, on the
coaft of Zanguebar. It produces gold,
flaves, elephants teeth, oilriches fea-
thers, wax, aloes, fena, and other
drugs ; alfo plenty of rice, fugar, cocoa-
ruts, and other tropical fruits.
Melinda, the capital of a kingdom of
the fame name, on the coaft of Zan-
guebar. Here the Portuguefe have 1 7
churches, nine convents, and ware-
houfes well provided with European
goods. It is furrounded by fine gardens,
and has a good harbour defended by a
fort ; but the entrance is dangerous, on
account of the great number of ihoals,
and rocks und«;r wa«:cr. The inhabit-
ants are Chriftians and Negros, which
Iflft have their own king and religion ;
and the cumber of both is faidto amount
to above 200,000. It is 470 miles sw
of Magadoxa Lon. 41 48 », iat. z
15s.
Meliftillay a town of Ghili, in a jniif-
didlion of the fame name, 200 miles N
of Conception. Lon. 71 39 w, Iat. 33
28 s.
Mellta. SccMa/ta.
Mtlitelloy a town of Sicily, in Val di
Noto, eight miU-s w of Lcontini.
Melitopol, a town of Rulfia, in the
MEM
province of Tauris, fituate on a lixke,
12 miles from the fea of Azoph, antl
inS s of Catharinendaf. Lon. 8.) lo k,
Iat. 46 22 N.
MelHuham, a town in WiltftiirMpith
a market every other ThurfdawTfor
cattle, and a manufaflure of htond
cloths, 1 1 miles e of Bath, and 96 w of
London.
Mellei a town of Weftphalia, in the
principality of Ofnaburg, 15 miles e by
s of Ofnaburg.
Melle, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Two Sevres, 1 2 miles d#
of Niort.
Meller. See Maeler.
Mellingeny a town of SwiflTerland, in
the bailiwic of Baden, feated on the
Keufs, five miles s by w of Baden.
Melnick, a town of Bohemia, in the
circle of Buntzlau, with a caftle. Its
vicinity yields excellent red and white
wine, and near it ftands the Augnflinii
convent of Schopka. It is feated on the
£lbe, oppolite the influx of the Mul-
daU. 18 miles N of Prague.
Meloui, a town of Egypt, feated on
the Nile, with a remarkable mofque,
three miles s of Aflimunein.
Melrichstadt, a town of Franconir.,
in the principality of Wurtzburg, fc;»'ied
on the Strat, 22 miles N by k of
Schweinfurt.
Mutrote, a town of Scotland, in Rox-
burgftiirc, with manufa<5lures of linen
and woollen cloth. Near it, on the s
fide of the Tweed < are the m.ignificent
remain* of Melrofc abbey, founded by
David I ; part of which is ftill ufed for
divine fervice. Alexander 11 is laid to
be buried imder the great altar. Mel-
rofe is 11 miles nw of Jedburg, and 31
SE of Edinburg.
Melsungen, a town of Germany, in
Lower Hefie, feated on the Fulda, 1 1
miles s of Caflel.
Mflton Moivbrayt * town in Lei-
ccfterftiire, with a market on Tuefday.
The fine cheefe, called Stilton, is chiefly
made in its neighbourhood. It is feated
on the river Eye, 15 miles ne of Lei-
ctfter, and 105 n by w of London.
Mclun, a city of Fiance, capital of
the department of Seine and Marne. It
has a trade w ith Paris in corn, meal»
wine, and eheeie ; and is feated on the
Seine, cj; miles si e of Paris. Lon. a 35
E, Iat. 48 30 N.
Membrio, a town of Spain, in Eftre-
madura, ;i miles wsw of Alcantara.
Meniel, a ftrong town of E Pruflla,
with ac.iftlt.*, the finelt luirboiir in tlie
Baltic, and an txtcniivo conimtriv. It
is feated on a river of the tafr.<: nami', at
MEN
tfie » extremity of the Curifcli HaflT;
ami on the nk fule of the entrance into
the harbour is a lighthoufe. Tht; em-
peror of Kiiflia and king of Pruflia had
an |R|erTiew here in i8o«. It is 76
inil«it"f)NE of Konigfberg, and 140
HBof Dantztc. Lon. ai a6 c, lat. 55
46 N.
Mtmmlngeitt a town of Suabia, de-
fended by art, ;tnd furronnded by a
tnorafs. It has a bonildcrable trade in
fine linen, fudian, cotton, pajser, fait,
and hops. Near this place« in 179;,
the French republicans defeated the
femigratits under the prince of Conde ;
and in 1800 the French defeated the
Auftrians, and took the town. It is
ieated in a fertile plain, near the rivrt*
lller, a8 mil<;3 s by e of Ulm. Lon. 10
12 K, Kit. 4B osr.
Menarti a river of the kingdom of
Siam, which palFes by the city of Siam,
and enters the guU of Siam, below
Bancok. There are feveral fingulai*
fillies in it, and crocodiles ; and its fertile
iliores fwarm with monkeys, fire-flieU|
and moikito8>
Mcndtt a town of Vrnnce, capital of
the department of Lozere, and a
biihop's fee. The fuuutuins, and one
of the (lecples uf tlie catliedral, are re-
markable. It has maniifadtures uf fer-
ges and other woollen flutfs ; and is
featcd on the Lot, .^5 miles sw of Pay,
and aio s by E of Paris. Lon. 3 30 e,
lat. 44 3' N.
Mendip Uillst a lofty tr.i(5t in the n b
of Somerfctfliire, abounding in coal,
calamine, and lead ; the latter faid to
bt^ of a harder qnalit) than that of other
countries. Copper, manpamfe, bole,
and red ochre, are alfo found in thefe
hills. At the bottom of a deep ravine,
near tlie villnge of iicrrington, a cavern
was dilcovered in 1798, in which was a
great nunilx;r of human bones ; many
of them were incnilledwith acalearious
cement, and a largo pcntion completely
incorporate<l with the folid rock.
AlemloTiy a town of MaHiicliufcts, in
Worcefter county, 18 miles ssu of
Worccltcr, and 36 t.w of Bofton.
Meriiozay a town of Cliili, capital of
n jiiriidKiion, which indudt's the town
of St. Jiinn de la Frontera. It Hands
on the K fide of the Andes, in a plain
adorned with ganlens, well watered by
canals, 100 niiks knk of St. Jago.
Lon. 70 la w, hit. .^4 o s.
Mefidrah, a province of the kingdom
of Fczzan, much of which is a con-
tinued level of hard and barren foil ; but
the quantity of trona, a Jpecies of
foflil alkali, that floats oi> the furface.
.. ^I E N
or fettlea on the banks of iti mimiimtifi
fmoking lak^s, haii given it a higher
importance than that of the moft fertile
diftriiAs. It hat a town of the fame
name, 6« miles a of Mourzouk.
Mendrisiot a town of Swiflerland,
capital of a bailiwic, lying between th«
lakes of Como and Lugano. It con-
tains feveral convents^ and is fevenmilcl
w by N of Como.
Menr/iotild, St. a town of France, iri
the department of Marne, with a caf-
tlc on a rock. In 179a, the i'reneh
gave the firfl: check to the progrefs of
the Piuflians at this place, which in
the end compelled them to a retreat.
It is feated in a morafs, on the river
Aifne, between two rocks, ao miles EMS
of Chalons.
Mengen, a town of Suabia, in th4
county of Hohenberg, feated on the
Danube, ao miles ese of Rothweil.
^loi^^ering/iauserii a town and caftle
of Germany, in the county of Waldecki
eight miles ne of Corbach.
Menin, a town of the Netherlands, Ift
Flanders. It has been often taken ; thi
laft time by ♦he French ih 1794. '^
is feated on the Lis, eight miles se of
Ypres, and 10 n of Lifle.
_ Metiton, a town of Itily. in the prin-
cipality of Monaco, feated near the fea^
five miles eme of Monaco.
Mentz, a late archbifhopric and elec-
torate of Germany, in the circle of
Lower Rhine ; bounded 00 the N by
Hefle and Wetteravia, e by Franconia^
9 by the palatinate of the Rhine, and W
by the eleil orate of Treves. It pro-
duces much corn, fine garden fruits,
and abundance of excellent wines. In
179S, this archbilhopric and eleftorate,
then the firll ftate of the empire, was
moved to Ratiibon, and all other bi-
fhoprics were fccularized. In i»oo,
the fmall part of this territorj* lying on
tiie left bank of the Rhine, inchiding
the city of Mentr, became fubjeA to
France; anr the reft was given as in-
dcmnitica to the neighbouring German
princes.
Mentz, or Matjence, a city of France,
capital of the "depaitment of Mont
'I'onnerve, and a biihop's fee ; lately a
city of Germany, capital of the elec-
torate of Mentz, and an archbifhop's
fee. It is well fortified, and dcefflted
to be a barrier fortrefa. The palace,
called Martinfburg, is a confldcrable
building, partly ancient and partly
modern ; an<i oppofite the mouth of
the Maine is a caille, called Favorita,
with its fine gardens and waterworks.
The univerfity, founded in 1477, has
lat
m«
R(
ini
an
irr
fit
wh
cal
clu
wa
in
inv
of
cir
Th
^■fe „...
ti nutntn-otiii
it a higher
; tnoft fertile
of the fame
;ouK.
SwiflTerland.
between the
lo. It con-
s fvven milci
f France, irt
with a cafi
the treneh
projfrefs of
i^i which in
o a retreat.
3n the river
miles £MB
ibia, in tht
ited on the
othweil.
ft and caftle
rfWaldeck,
:herland8, !(i
1 taken ; thi
h 1794. It
miles SE of
in tfie j>rin.'
lear the fea*
ic and elec-
le circle of
the N by
Franconia*
line, and w
s. It pro-
dcn fruits*
wines. In
eleftorate,
npire, wa»
other bi-
In I Boo*
•y lying on
including
fiibjeft to
iven as in*
g German
of Frantfe,
of Mont
; lately a
the elec-
chbi (hop's
deemed
\e palace*
nftdcrahle
id partly
mouth of
Favorita*
terworks.
477» ba»
M E C.
lately received confiderable imprdvei
ments. Of the hofpitals, that of St.
Roch is worthy of notice for Its print-
ing-office and manufa^ures of ftiilTs
and (lockings. The city is built in an
irregular manner, and plentifully pro-
Tided with churches. In the cathedral,
which is a gloomy fabfic, is what they
call a treafury, containing a number of
clumfy jewels, fome relics, and a rich
wardrobe offacerdotal vcflments. Meht*
is one of the towns which claim the
invention of printing ; and the growth
of the belt rheniih wine is limited to a
circle of about five miles round it.
The French took this place by fur-
prife in 17921 and the next year it
ftood a long blockade and fiege before
it furrendcred to the allies. It was
twice rcattacked by the French in 1795,
but they were defeated by the Auf-
trians, who alfo relieved it from a
blockade of two monthf), in 1796.
They foon after refumed the liege,
whi/:h continued till the figning of the
treaty of Udina, in 1797, when it was
taken poflTeffion of by the French.
Mentz is feated on the Rhine, jiift
below the inHux of the Maine, .ind on
the oppofite lide is the town of CafTcl,
conne^ed with it by a bridge of boats.
It is a?, miles wsw of Frankfort, and
70 E by K of Treves. Lon. 8 10 e, lat.
49 58 N.
Menu/, a town of Egypt, fituate in
a well cultivated country near that
branch of Nile which flows to Rofetta,
40 miles NNW of Cairo.
Mgnzala, a town of Egypt, fittiate
flear a lake of the fame name, 60 miles
long, feparated from the Mediterranean
by a narrow flip of land. It Is 20
miles ssE of Damietta, and 73 nne of,
Cairo. Lon. 3* 2 e, lat. 31 3 n.
Meppen, a fortified town of Wefl-
phalia, in the prineipality of Munfter*
feated iX. the conflux of the Hafe with
the Ems, lo miles n of Lingcn.
Me^uinenf.a, a tow" of Spain, in
Arragoii, with a caftlc feated at the
conflux of the Segra with the Ebro, ^8
miles Est of SaragofTa, and 180 kne of
Madrid.
Mequlnezt a city of ftie kingdom of
Fez, and a capital of the empire ot"
Morocco. It is feated in a delightful
plain, having a fercne and clear air ; for
which reafon the emperor rolidc:'. in tliii!
p! lee in preference to Fez. In the
middle of the city, the J'-ws have a
place to themfi-lves, the gates of vvhieh
are locked every night, and guarded.
Clofe by Mequine/, on t!u; nw lide, is
a large is^'jjro town, which takes up as
much grotinrl as the city* but th« houfH
are not fo high, nor {q well built. The
inhabitants are all blacks, or of a dark
tawny colour ; and hence the emperor
fecruita the foldiers for hiscour^aiThe
palace flands on the s fide, iM U
guarded by feveral hundreds of black
eunuchs, whofe knives and ciAitars are
covered with wrought fllver. The
houfes of Mcquinez are very good, and
the ftreets exceedingly narrow ; but tlie
light comes in at the back of the houfetg
where there is a fquare caurt* in th«
middle of which is a fountain, if the
houfe belong to a perfon of any rank.
They are flat at the tjp; and th«ft
women, who live in the upper apart-
ments, often vifit each other from the
tops of the houfes. Their cuftoms and
manners are much the fame as thofe
of other Mahometans; but they are
much more affable than in the fouthern
provinces. Mequinez is 58 miles w of
Fez. Lon. 5 46 w, lat. 33 40 v.
Mert a iovfn of France, in the de*
partment of Loir and Cher, 1 1 mile*
NNW of IJbis.
Meran, a town of Germany, in Ty-
rol, of which it was formerly the ca-
pital. It has ilx churches and con-
vents, and ftands on the Palfcr, near itSi
ct)nflux with the Adige, iz miles Njnr
of Ootzen. Lon. 115 k, lat. 46 39 v.
Merdbi, a town of Aliatic Turkey, \k
Diarbeck, and an archbifliop's fee, with
a caflle. The country about it pro-
duces a great deal of cotton. It is 45
miles SE of Diarbekar. Lon. 39 59 t,
lat. ^6 50 ^f.
Alere, a town in WiUfliire, with a
market on Tuefday, a« miles w of
Salifbury, and 100 w by s of London.
Mcrecxy a town of Lithuania, feated
at the conflux of the Bere/ino and
Merecz, 30 miles n of Grodno.
Murecga, a town of AKjiers, in the
province of Mafcara, celebrated for its
\i'arm baths, 25 miles se of Sherlhel,
and ;o sw of Algiers.
Mergent/jcim, a town of Francnnia,
capital of a tliftriiit fui>jedt to the grand
mailer of the Tevitoiiic order. On the
Kitzberg, a mountain in its vicinity, is
the caflle of the Newenhaus, tl»e re-
fuk'nce of the grand mafter. The order
of Teutonic knights was inftituted on
otcafion of the crufades in Paleftine, in
1 130 ; and the grand mafter has refided
he'cevcr fince the i6th century. Mcr-
gentheim is feated on the Tauber, 28
mJes ssw of Wurtzburg. Lon. 9 $%
K,lat. 49 ,^0 x.
yhr^/ic,':, or Mergiten, a city of
Eafteia Tartary, in' the. province of
M £ R
Tcttcicar« featcd on the Noniii, 140
miles N by B of Tcitcicar. Lun. 134
jj K, lat. 40 10 N.
Mtrguit a fi'aport on the w coaft of
!?i.ink%with an cxcfllent harbour. It
\vas ^lefted from the Sianu-fc by the
Virinlhs and is inft mtles sw of Slam.
J>on. yg 9 E, lat. M la N.
Merida, a ftruiig town of Spain, In
Fftromadura» built by the Romans, bc-
ion: the birth of Chrilt. I lore are line
n-mains of antiquity, particularly a
triumphal arch. It is IVated in an ex'
tenfive fertile plain, on the river Oua-
dinna, over which is a noble Roman
bridge, 42 mites f. of liadaju^. Lon-
5 58 w, lat. 3847 N.
MerUtit a town of .Mexico, capital of
the province of Jucatan, and a bi-
ihop s fee. It is 30 miles .s of the yulf
«)f Mexico, and hq av. of Campeachy.
Lon. fig 58 w, lat. 20 45 N.
Merida, a town of New Granada,
feated in a country abounding with all
kinds of fruits, 1^0 miles nk of Pam-
plona. Lon. 71 o w, lat. B ?,o a.
Merlouethihiie, acjiinly of Walcs,36
miles long and 34 bro^d ; bounded on
the N by Carnarvonlhire and Dcn-
J)ighfliire, R by the lattercounty andthat
©f Montgomery, s by Cardiganiliire,
and w by the Irifh lea. It contains
^00,000 acres ; is divided into five
hundreds, and 37 parilhes ; has four
market-towns ; and fends one member
to parliament. The face of this county
is varied throughout with a romantic
mixture of all the peculiar fcentiy be-
longing to a wild and mountainous re-
gion. The principal rivers are the Dee
■ und Dyfi ; and it has a great mountain,
the Cader Idris, one of the higheft in
Wales. Harleigh is the capital.
^lerttch, a town and important for-
treft of Ilindooltan, in the country of
yifjapour. It was taken by Hyder
Ally in 1778; and is fituatc near the n
bank of the Kiftna, 62 miles sw of
Vifiapour.
Merkt a river of Dutch Brabant,
which runs n by Breda, afterward
turns w, and enters one of the months
of the river Menfc, opposite the ifiand
of (Verflackee, in Holland.
Meroy a dillridl of TenneflTe, compre-
hending the counties of Grainger,
Davidfon, .Sumner, Robertfon^" and
Montgomery. The chief town is Nalh-
ville.
Meroy a ftrong town of the kingdom
of Pegu, 140 miles sw of Pegu. Ion.
98 36 E, lat. 16 o N.
Meroui a town of Peifia, in Ch»ra-
fan, feated in a fertile <^ntry, wiich
M fe It-
produce B (alt, iia miles sw of Boic<>
hara. Lon. 64 25 e, lat. ^7 40 k.
Merrimac, a river ot the United
States, formed by the junAion of the
Pcmigewafl'ct and Winnipif(!ogce, in
the ce-ntrc of New Ilamplhire. Its
courfe is s till it enters Maflachiifets 1
it then turnj r., and pafles into the
ocean at Kewbury. It is navisable for
velfcls of burden 29 miles from Its
mouth, wherti it is obftrudtcd by the
firA rapids, called Mitchell's Eddy, a
little above Haverhill.
Mers, Sec li^riuickshire.
Mfrshuv'j, a town of Upper ^axony^
in I'huriiigia, lately a biihdpric. The
rnoil remarkable buildings are the cif*
jtle, the cathedral, which (lands Iielow
it, and the aciulcmy. The brewing and
exportation of Itrong beer is the prin-
cipal employment of the inhabitants.
It is f( ated on the Saale, 10 miles
Nw of Leipllc. Lon. 12 ij E,lat. jt
23 N.
Mt I fburgy a town of Suabi«, in the
late bilhopric of Conftance, with a
caftle, an excellent academy for fecular
clergy, and a Dominican convent. It
is feated on the n fide of the lake of
Conilnnce, fix miles re of Conftance.
Mer^ei/, a river of England, which
rifcs in the N extremity of the Peak in
Derbylhiie, receives the "fame, at
Stockport, and lower down, the Ir-
well; it then pafles by Warrington, and
receives the Weaver, at Frodlham,
where it forms a broad eftuary, that
contradts on its approach to Liverpool,
below which it enterii the Irifh fea.
This river not only affords falmon, but
it is vifited by annual (hoals of fmelts,
here calii'd fparlings, of a remarkable
fi/e and flavour.
Meney, an ifiand in EiTex, between
the mouth of the Coin and the entrance
of Blackvvatcr bay. It has two parifhes,
called Eaft and Weft Merfey, fevea
miles s of Colchefter.
Mertbyr Ttdvlly a town of Wales, in
Glamor>;an{hire, with a ma;ket on
Wedncfdiy. It has a canal to Cardiff,
mines of iron and coal, and confiderable
iron works. It is feiitcd on the Taafe,
24 miles NNW of Cardiff, and 176 w of
London.
Mertoht a ftrong town of Portugal,
in Alentejo, feated near tin- Guadiano,
60 miles s of Evora, and 100 SE ofLif-
bon. Lon. j ^7 w, lat. 3741 n.
Merton, a village in Suny, feated on
the Wandle, feven miles sw of London.
It had a celebrated abbi:y, where Henry
in, in 1 236, held a parliament, at which
were ena^ed the Provitions gf Merton,
w of BolcJ
40 s.
the United
ftion of the
ifcogeei in
p(hire. Its
iflachiifc-ts t
:» . into the
ivigable fur
A from its
Jtcct by the
jer Saxony«
ipric. The
ire the c.if-
andH lielovr
ircwing and
is the prin-
inhabitants.
10 tnilea
3 E.lat. 51
ibifli in the
ice, with a
r for fecular
onvent. It
the lake of
loDllance.
land, which
the Peak in
"taine, at
vn, the Ir-
ington, and
Frodftiam,
luary, that
Liverpool,
Irifh fea-
almon, hut
of i'melts^
remarkable
X, between
ne entrance
^0 pariflies,
fey, feven
f Wales, in
nna;ket on
to Cardiff,
onfiderable
the Taafe,
d 176 w of
F Portugal,
Guadiano,
SEof J.if-
1 N.
feated on
of London,
here Henry
t, at which
gf Merton,
M fi S
th^ moft an'' bo<ly of laws Jifter
Magna Chart. hing remains uf
this abbry, ex^'cpt *he K window of a
chapel ; but the walls that furrotmd
the premifos include about 60 acres..
Upon the fite of this abbey are two
calico manufaAun^s, and a copper-mill.
Mervt, the north branch 01 the river
Meufe, in Holland, on which the city
of Rotterdam is feated.
Mtrvilte, a town of France, in " the
department of Nord, feated on the Lis,
10 miles SK of Caflel, and 24 sw of
Menin.
Meuhedt a city of Perfia, capital of
Chorafan. It is fortified with feveriil
towers ; and famous for the magnificent
fcpulchre of Iman Rifa, of the family
ot AH, to which the Perfians pay
great devotion. Here is a manufacture
uf beautiful pottery, and another uf
ikins. Caravans are continually palling
through this citv from Bokharia, Balk,
Candahar, Hindooftan, and all parts <4
Perfia. It is t8o miles e of Afterabad,
and 490 KB of Ifpahan. Lon. 58 30
't'^t. 3556 N.
Meiched All, a town of Afiatic Tur-
key, in Irak-Arabi, near a large lake,
called Rahema, which communicates
with the Euphrates by a canal. It
itandson the fpot where Ali, theconfin,
friend, and one of the fucccflbrs of
Mahomet was interred ; and his tonab
ii annually vifitcd by a great number
of Perfian pilgrims. It is no miles s
of Bagdad. Lon. 44 50 e, lat. 32 5 n.
Mftched^t a town of the duchy of
Weftphalia, with a collegiate church,
on the river Roer, feven miles se of
Arenfberg.
_ Meterhch, & town of Moravia, in the
circle of Iglau, 17 miles e of Iglau-
Mtserisch, a town of Moravia, in the
circle of Prerau, 30 miles e by s of
Olmutz.
Meskircht a town of Suabia, in the
county of Furftenburg, 17 miles N of
Uberhngen.
Mesia, a town of Morocco, on the
river Sus, not far from the Atlantic.
Near it is a rriofque, in which are the
bone^ of a whale, which the inhabitants
confider as the bones of the whale that
fwallowed Jonah. It is 165 miles sw
of Morocco. Lon. 10 46 w, lat. ap
Meuinay a city and feaport of Sicily,
in Val di Demona, with a citadel and
fevcral foits. It is five miles in cir-
cufhference, and the fee of an arch-
bilnop. The public btiildings and mo-
safteriea are numerous and magtiificent,
*nA It baa four large fVibttrbs. The
Met
harbotir is one of the fafeft in tfif Me« '
diterranean, and has a quay abcte a
mile in length. It has a frrcat trade in-
lilk, nil, fruit, com, and excellent wine.
In 17R0, it Aiflfercd mucK by an e^ttl^*
qriake ; Mnd in 1783, was half deftrWiM
by the fame calamity; fince whicnTt
has been rKbuilt, with elegant hotifes,
only two (lories high. The inhabitant*'
are eflimated at 36,000. It is frated on
the ftrait of Mefltna, Which feparates
Sicily from Calabria, no miles k of
Palermo. Lon. 15 50 E, lat. 38 10 w.
MtuinXt a town of Franconia, in the
principality of Aichftat, 14 miles nnk
ofAichftat.
Mestre, a town of Italv, in the Do*
gado, eight miles nw of Venice.
Maurata, a feaport of Tripoli, and
the rcfidence of a governor. Caravans
travel hence to Fezzan and uther in>
terior palts of Africa, by which they
carry on a great trade. It is 100 milea
ESE of Tripoli. Lon. 15 to e, lat. 3%
10 N.
Metapvtat a town of the iOe of Bor-
neo, in the kingdom of Banjwmaflin, 72
miles KB of Banjesmaflin, and 100 sb
of Ncgara.
Metelen, a fown of Weftphalia, in
the principality of Munfter, 19 milva
NW of Munfter.
Mete/in, or My tlUne, an illand of
the Archipelago, anciently called Les-
bos, to the N of Scio, and almoft at the
entrance of the Kulf of Gueftro. It is
40 miles long and 24 broad, fomewhat
mountainous, and has many hot fprings.
The Ibil is very good, and the moun-
tains are cool, being covered with wood
in many places. It produces good
wheat, wine, and oil, and the bell figa
in the Archipelago. It is fubjedl to the
Turks ; and the capital is Caftro-
Meihil, a town of Scotland, in Fife-
ftiire, with a fafe harbour on the frith
of Forth, whence much coal is exported.
It is fix miles ne of Dyfart.
Methven, a town of Scotland, in
Perthfhire, with an ancient caftle, and
manufadtures of linen. In 1306, king
Itobert Bruce was defeated here by
the Englifh troops under the earl of
Pembroke. It is fix miles "wnw of
Perth.
Met/jiveld, a town in Norfolk, with a
market on Tuefday, 15 miles nw of
Thetford, and 84 nn» of London.
Metting, or Mottlinjf, a ftrong town
of Germany, in Carniols^ feated on the
Kulp, on -the frontiers of Croatia, 13
miles KW Of Carlftadt, and 40 sr of
La u bach.
Metn, a river* of Italy, which rifea
Ff
/
M EU
on the frontiers of Tufcany, crones the
duchy of Ucbino, and enters tLe gulf of
Venice, near Eano.
Metroftolh a town of the ifland of
aia* cri the fit" of the ancient
inia» of which nany veftiges re-
It is zz milfs dsw of Candia.
Mtizt a city of France, capital of the
H^nartmei't of Mofelle, and a bifhop's
fee. It was formerly the capital of the
Icingdom of Auftrafta. The fortifications
are excellent* and it has three citadels
and noble barracks. The cathedral is
one of the fineft in Europe. The Jews,
about .9000, live in a part of the town
by themfelves, and have a fynagogiie.
The fweetmeats made here are in high
eftcem. It is feated at the conflux of
the Mofelle and Scille, 35 miles n by w
of Nancy, and 190 ne of Paris. Lon,
6 10 E,lat. 40 7 .V.
Mfudont a village of France, with a
mrignificent palace, on the Seine, fix
lUilcs SE of Pans.
Mculan, a town of France, in tlie
department of Seine and Oifc, built in
tjic form of an amphitheatre, on the
river Seine, over which are two bridges,
20 miles Nw of Parjs.
MeurSi or Moersy a twwn of France,
In the department of Roer, l;it«'ly of
Germany in the eleilor?iie of ^Cologne.
It has a caftle, and was formerly a place
" of ftrength, but its fortiticatlons wire
.deftroyed in 1764. It is 17 miles sr. of
Geldt-rs.
Meurtey a depai Lment of France, in-
cluding part of the late province of
Lorrain. It is fo called from a rivt-r,
\i hich rifes in the department of Vof^es,
and flows by Limeville and Nancy into
.the Mofelle. Nancy is the cipital.
Miuse, a river which rifes in France,
near the village of Meuie, in the de-
partn.ent of Upptr Marne. It waters
Vcnli n, Sten.'.y, Sedan, Donchmry,
Mezi'-'res, and Charleville ; and en-
ttripg the Netherlands at Givet, it
flon'S to Charlei'-./iit, Dinant, Namur,
Jljy, Liege, Mae'.lricht, Rurernonde,
Vcnlo, Grave, Baltenbiirg, Ra^v-ltein,
C5iiJ'4:iim Cwhere it teceive.-' the Waal)
and Worcum. At Dort it divides into
four principal branches, the iTioll: north-
ern ofv^hich is called the Alerve. Thefe
form the iPinds of Yflelmonde, Voorn,
and Overflackee, and enter the German
ocean below Bricl, Helvoctfluys, and
Goree.
MeusKi a department of France, in-
. eluding the late duchy of Bar. It takes
its name from the river Mcule. Bar le
Due is the capital.
Meust, Lovjcff a new department of
M EX
France, including the wePern part of
Upivr Gelderland, and the northern
part of Liege and of Limburg. The
capital is Maeftricht.
Meivatt a hilly and woody traft of
Hindooftan, lying on the ^w of Delhi,
confining the low country, along the w
bank of the Jumna, to a comparatively
narrow Hip, and extending weitward
130 miles. From n to s it is 90 miles.
Its inhabitants, the Mewatti, have been
ever charaflerized as themoft favageand
brutal, and they are ftill noted as thieves
and robbers. The country contains
funie ftrong fortrcifes on fteep or inac-
ct'llible hills.
MeAicatw, or Adaycif a river of New
Mexico, on th<: confines of Louifiana,
which runs iiito the gulf of Mexico.
Mexico^ or New Spaing an extenfivf
country of N America, bounded on the
N Ly Nf;vv Mexico, and on the SE by
the ifthmus of Darien, where its breadth
is not more than 66 miles ; its weftern
coaft being walhed by the Pacific ocean,
and the gulf of California, and its enft-
ern by the gulf of Mexico and the Ca-
ribbean fea. It lies between 83 and
now Ion. and extends from 7 30 to ^a
40 N' lat. being aoo© m^les Idng, and in
its wideft part, to the n, above 600
broad. In general, it is a mountainous
country, intorraixed with many rich
valleys ; but the higheft mountains are
near the coaft of the Pacific ocean,
many of which are volcanos. The
eallern fhore is a flat country, full of
impenetrable fortfts, with bogs and
moralles, overflowed in the rainy fcafon,
which is from April to September.
Although Mexico is within the torrid
zone, the climate is temperate and
licaliby. No country abound^ more
with grain, fruits, roots, and vegeta-
ble ; many of tliem peculi.ir to tlie
coiiiiiry, or, at leaft, to America. It is
ce! )ratod for it;) mines of gold and
filvor, and has quar.ies of jafper, por-
phyiy.. and exquiftte marble. Cochi-
neal is almoll pix-uliir to this country;
its indijjo and cocoa are fuperior to any
in America ; and its logwood has been
long an impoitant article of commerce.
Among the quadrupeds are the puma,
jaquar, bears, elks, wolves, deer, &c.
The puma and jaquar have been inac-
curately denominated, by Europeans,
lions and tigers ; but they pofl'cfs
neither the undaunted courage '"P the
former norths ravenous cruelty ci I'le
Latter. The domeftic animalj of Eu-
rope, particularly horned '.-.Mtl', !iave
multiplied here, almoft wifli incrcdil^e
rapirlity. Numbers gf 'thcl'c li.»\jinii
Hern part of
the northern
mburg. The
oody traft of
?w of Delhi,
■, along the w
:omparativdy
ing weftward
It is 90 miles,
tti, have boen
oft favage and
)tcd as thieves
Jtry contains
lleep or inac-
river of Nevr
of Louiiiana,
)f Mexico.
, an extenfivr'
jimded on the
on the SE by
ere its breadth
» ; its weftern
Pacific ocean,
1, and its enit<
and the Ca-
wf^n 83 and
om 7 30 to 3d
s Icing:, and in
N, above 600
1 mountainous
th many rich
immmtains are
^acific occiiu,
)lccinos. The
untry, full of
th bogs and
e rainy icfXlbn,
) September,
lin the torrid
;mper.4te and
bound? more
and vcgcta-
L'uliar to the
merica. It is
of gold and
jafper, por-
rble. Cochi-
this country;
perior to any
ood has been
of commerce.
re the puiia,
s, dct-r, &c.
ire bei'o inac-
Europeans,
tht'v poflefs
lurage •"? the
rut'lty f;f ihc
malo of Eii-
>rMl', have
fli ii.cretUL-c
iicl'c li;»v4ng
been fuffei^d to run wild, tiow ranjre
dver the vaft plains, in herds of from
30 to 40,00c; they are killed merely
for the fake of *i'ii>"'r hides, which are
annually exportlid, in vaft quantities, to
Europe. The itihaMiants conlift of
native Spaniards t Creoles, who are
defcendants of Spaniards; Mulattos,
the ifliieof an JEurojjean and an African
flave ; Metifs, bom of an European
and an tndian ; Meftizes, the offspring
of the Metifs ; their dofcendants Ter-
coroens, and Qiiarterocns ) after which
the fifth generation enjoys all the be»-
ntfit of Creoles. Mexico is divided
into the three audiences of Guadalajara,
Mexico, and Guatimala ; fubdivided
into provinces ; the principal of whieh,
in each audience, is Guadalajara Pro<-
per, Mexico Proper, and Guatimala
Proper. The whole country is govern-
ed by a Viceroy.
Aifxin, th<? capital of the provinte
of Mexico Proper, and of all Mexico.
It was a flourilhing city before the
Spaniards entered the country, and was
feated on feveral iilands, in a falt-watef
Jake, called Tefcuco, to which there
was no entrance, but by three caufc-
ways, two miles fn length each. The
circumference of the city, exclufive of
the fuburbs, was above 10 miles; and
it contained at leaft 60,000 houfes, with
feveral large temples, full of rich idels,
and three palaces. Mexico was taken
by Cortez, in 1541, after a fiege of
near three months. As the Me.ricans
defended themfelves from ftreet to
ftreet, it was almoft ruined, but after-
ward rebuilt by the Spaniards. The
ftreets are ftraight and »o exacJtly dif-
pofed, that in point of regularity it is
the fineft city in the world ; and the
great caufeways leading t<5 it, with the
want of walls, gates, and artillery,
render Mexico extremely remarkable.
The great fqu.ue in the centre of tbe
city, and the public buildings, art
magnificent. There arc 29 cathedrals
and churches, and 22 convents, of the
riches of v/hich an idea may be formed
from the revenues of the grand cathe-
dral amounting to 8o,oool. a year, of
which the archbifhop has 15,0001.
There is .ilfo a tribunal of the inqui-
fition, a mint, and a univerfity. This
city contains above 200,000 inhabitants.
The goldfmiths here are immcnftly
rich ; and tho^ighit has no communica-
tion with the fea, by navigable rivers, it
carries on a great trade to Europe by
St. Jnan de Ulhua, and to Afia by
Acapulco. This place wa^ overilowed
by an inundation in i6x(j, in which
M E Z
46,000 perfons were drowned. This
obliged the Spaniards to make a great
conduit through a mountain, in order
to empty the lake ; which being done,
part of the town became feated on diy
land. Mexico isfupplied\Vithfr<?<h|l|ter
by an aquedui5t three miles long, w is
aoo mik!8BNE of St. Juan de Ulhua,
and 250 NK of Acapulco. Lon. 100
40 w, lat. sb A N.
Mexin, New, a large country of N
America, bounded on the w by the
gulf of California, s by Mexico, e by
Louifiana, and n by unknown coun-
tries, fo that itsextert cannot be afcer-
tained. Great encomiums have .beoii
lavifhed on the fertility of its foil, the'
richnefs of its mines, and the variety of
its valilable produAs; and with refpe6t
to the favorablenefs of the climate, it
may be fufllicient to fay, that this coun^
try lies witiiin the temperate zone. It
is chiefly inhabited by the native Ame-
ricans, hitherto unfubdned by the Spa-
niards. The chief divifions are New
Mexico Proper, New Leon, and New
Navarre. St. Fe is the capital.
Mexico, Gulf </, that part of the At-
lantic ocean, on the coaft of N Ame-
rica, bounded on the s and w by Mex-
ico, and on the N by W and E Florida ;
the entrance lying to the E, between the
s coaft: of K Florida and the ne pout
of Jucatan.
Meyahoun, a city of Pegu, with nu-
merous gilded temples and fpacious
ihonaAeries. Its vicinity, is uncom-
monly fruitful in rice ; ai>d here are
capacious granaries belonging to the
king of Birmah, always kept filled with
grain ready to be traufported to any
pr.'t of the empire in which there hap-
pens to be a fcarcity. It ftretches two
miles on the sw bank of the Irrawaddy,
and is 85 miles nw of Pegu. Lon. 95
8 E, lat. 18 18 K.
Meycnberg, a town of Brandenburg,
in the mark of Pregnitz, %i miles ne of
PeHeberg, and 60 nxw of Berlin.
Meyenfeld, a town of SwiiTerland, in
the Grifons. It is a kind of (laple for
goods pafTmg between Germany and
Italy, and is feated on the Rhine, in a
plcafant cauntry, fertile in excellent
wine, i^TOiles N by K of Coire. Lon. 9
37 E, lat. 4^ 59 N.
Meyrveis, a town of France, in the
department of Loziere, 23 miles s of
Mende, and 47 w of Alais.'
Me-uiyia, a town of Naples, in Baiili-
cata, 17 miles ssw of Turfi.
Mezemna^ a feaport of Fez, on the
coaft of th« Mediterranean, Oo milts &
of Tctuan. Lon. 4 i w,lat. 35 22 k.
Ff 2
M ! C ,
Meziitt a lowii of RuflTia, capital of a
province, in. the government of Arch-
angel ; fcated on u river of the fame
name* 160 miies she of Archangel
I^<>g;44 58B»Ut. 65 85 K.
Mntierest a town of FrKnce, in the
d4"rtn>cntof Ardeimcs, with a citadel;
feated un an ifland :n the river Mcufe*
i£ miles w by n of S«dan.
MesuHy a town of France* in the de>
partnieiit tf Lot and Garonne; nine
milea Nw on' Condom.
MiaeOf the fecond city^ of Japan, in
the ifl<i of Niphon, with a fortified
palace* |t is the fpiritual capital of the
empjre. the feat of the imperial mint
and principal marmfa^^ures* and the
cbier mart of trade ; and the daira's
court being literary* all books are
priRted here. Th<! inhabitants are faid
to be 6oo,oo». It is feated inland^ on a
^line plain, 160 miles waw of Jedo. Lon.
136 10 E, iat. 35 30 N.
Miami, Little and Greats two rivers
of the ftate of Ohio, which run s into
the Ohio, the former jufl: above Co-
lumbia, and the latter 21 miles below
Cincinnati. The Little Miami is 60
miles to its fource^ but generally fo
fliallow as to afTord no navigation. The
Great Miami has a nav.gation, like the
Muikingum, that approaches near the
navigable waters of L.ike Erie. The
country between thefc two rivers is
called the Miamis^ and is rec)concd
among the richeft belonging to the
United States.
Miana, a town of Pcrfia, in the pro-
vince of Aderbcitzan. Here the cele-
brated traveller M. Thcvenot diod, on
his return from Ifpahan. It is 5; miles
SE of Tauris.
Michoy a cape of Dalmatia, which
advances into the gulf of Venice, near
the town of Zaru.
Michael, St. the moft extenfivp and
populous idand of the Azores. Jt is
54 miles long, and from fix to 1 ^ broad;
and contai'i? nearly 80,000 inhabitants,
In a valley on the eaflern fide are a
number of boiling fountains ; alfo many
fulphureous fprings, tome of a hot, and
others of a cold temperatiire. The
principal towns are Punta dttl Guda
and Villa Franca: the former is the
capital of the iiland. Lon. 25 4.2 w,
Iat. sr 47 N.
Michaely St. a borongh in Cornwall,
which has neither market nor fair,
eight miles sw of St. Columb, and aso
w by $ of London.
Michaely St. a town of Fi-anc»N,in the
department of : leufe, with a fine hof-
pital, and the rich library of aBvne'
M I C
di(*line abbey. It it feated on the ,
Meufe^ furrounded by mountiinsy ao
miles NB of Bar le Due.
MicbaelySt. a town of Mexico, in the
Srovince of Nicaragua* on the river St.
lichael* 1 10 miles ww of Leon. Lon.
87 45 W, Iat. 13 25 K.
Michael, St. a town of Mexico* in the
province of Culiacan, feated near the
mouth of the Siguatlan, 30 miles ese of
Culiacan. Lon. 107 40 w^ Iat. 14
Miekael, St. a city of Tucuman,
iituate in a fruitful valley* at the foot of
a range of rugged mountains, 150 miles
Nw of St. Jago del £(tero. Lon. 66 45
w, Iat. 27 o s.
Michael de IbarrOt Sti a town of
Peru, in the' province of Quito, capital
of a jurifdi^ion of its name. It has a
large and elegant church, a college, and
feveral convents ; and is 70 miles. ne of
Quito. Lon. 77 30 \v, Iat. o 25 n.
Michael de Piura, St- a town of Peru,
in the provincv> of Quito. It was the
firft Spanifn colony in Peru, and is feat-
ed near the mouth of the Piura, 325
miles ssw of Quito. Lon. 80 40' w,
Iat. c 10 s.
Micbael, Gulf of St. to the E of Pa-
nama, that part of the Pacific ocean
which was firA: difcovered by the Spa-
niards* after their march acrofs the
ifthmus of Darien.
Michigan, a territory of N America*
belonging to the United States. It in-
cludes the lake of the fame name ; and
is bounded on the n by lake Superior,
K by the lakes Huron. St. Clare, and
Eric, s by the ftate cf Ohio and In-
diania, and w by the Mifliflippi. The
principal rivers are the Illinois, Ouif*
confing, and St. Croix, which flow into
the Mifliflippi. This country poflefles
immcnfc advantages refulting ftom na-
vigation and fitheries; but the foil is
marfliy and poor, and great part of it
inundated for fix months in the year.
Tae white inhabitants are at prefent
few and indolent. .
Mi.bigariy a lake of'^N America, the
largeft which is wholly within the ter-
ritories of the United States. It is s8o
miles long and from 50 to 60 broad,
and navigable for veflels of any burden.
On the NW part the waters brunch out
into two bays* one to the n called
Noquet's Bay, the other to the s*
Green Buy. This lake, at its ne ex-
tremity, communicates with the nw
end of Lake Huron, by the (trait of
Alichilimakinac.
MicbilimaHinac, a ftrait Qf N America*
which unites t^e lakes Michigan and
ated on the ,
lountiintiy ao
4exic9, in the
fi the river St.
Leon. Lon.
Mexico, in the
kted near the
omilci ESEof
w» lat- 34
of Tucuman,
, at the foot of
lins, 150 mile*
. Lon. 66 45
^ a town of
Quito, capitHl
me. It has a
a college, and
^o miles. NE of
:. o 35 N.
town of Peru,
I. It was the
ru, and is feat-
\\e Piiira, 325
on. 80 40 w,
the c of Pt-
Pacific ocean
d by the Spa-
;h acrofs the
)f N America,
States. It in*
fie name ; and
ake &uperior>
It. Clare, and
Ohio and In>
nflippi. The
llinois, Ouif*
ich flow into
ntry poiTefles
[ting from na-
t the foil it
at part of it
in the year.
e at prefent
America, the
|ithin the ter-
es. It is s8a
|to 60 broad,
any burden.
l-s branch out
^he N called
er to the s,
kt its NE ex-
lith the NW
Itbe (trait of
FN America,
Michigan ^nd
M I D
Huron. It is fix miles wide; and on
its se fide, in Lake Huron, is an ifland*
with a fort and village, of the (ame
name. Lon. 84 30 w, lat. 45 48 n.
; Middleborough, a town of Mxflachu-
fcts, in Plymouth qounty. Great quan-
tities of nails are made here, particular-
ly in the winter. It is 40 miles s by B
of Bofton.
3//<U/^^»rjr» a ftrong city of Hdlandf
capital of the ifland of Wulcberen, and
of all Zealand. The fquares, ftreeti, and
public buildings are magnificeut ; parti-
ciilarly the townhoufe (tormerly a c«l(|*>
brated- abbey) which is decorated wifh
tiie ftatucs of the anciunt counts and
counteflTes of Holland. The inhabitants
are computed at 30,000. The harbour
is commodious, and has a communica-
tion with Fluifaing by a canal, which
will bear the iargefi: veflels. It is .^0
miles NNW of Ghent, and 7a sw of
Amderdam. Lon. 3 37 e, lat. 51 29 n.
Middleburgt a town of the Nether-
lands, in Flanders, five miles se of SIu^^s.
Middleburgt one of the Friendly if-
lands. Sec Eaoeiue-
Midd/rbury, a town of Vermont, chief
of Addifon county, on the e lide of
Otter creek, 37 mili'S s of Burlington,
and 100 N of iiennington.
Middlehanty a town in N Yorkfliire,
with a mark 't on Monday, .ind a wool-
len manufacture. Here was a (iatfly
caftle, now iQ. ruins, in wliich Richard
III was borp. It is feated on the Eure,
II miles s by w of Richmond, and 255
sNw of London.
Middlesex t a county of England, a a
miks long and : 7 broad; bounded on
the N by Hertfordfttire, e by Eflcx, s
by Surry and Kent, and w by Hucking-
hamihire. It contains 179,200 acres;
is divided into fix hundrt'ls, and 98
pnriflu'S, bcfide thofo in London and
Wiiftminfter ; and has thofe iwo cities
and lix market-towns. The number of
inhabitants in 1801, excUifivo of the
cities, was 818,129; and the whole
county fends ei^ht members to parlia-
ment. The air is healthy; but the
foil, in general, being gravelly, is not
naturally fertile; though by means of
the vicinity to the metropolis many
parts of it an! converted into rich beds
of manure, clothed almoft with perpe-
tual verdure. There-are (till, however,
very extenfive tra<^8 of uncultivated
liuath. Befide the Thames, Lea, and
Coin, which are its boundaries to the s,
E, and w, Middlefex is watered by feve-
ral fmall llrranas ; one of vhich called
the New cr, is .irtificially brought
MIL '
from near Hertford, for the purpole of
fupplying London with water.
MtddletMt a town of CunneAicut,
capital of Middlefex couttty, with two
churches,' and a naval office. It itt ^
confiderable trade, and ftands on tM w
Pde of Connedicut river, 14 miles s of
Hartford, and a6 n by e of Newhaven.
Lon. 73 45 w, lat. 41 3^? n.
MiddletoH, a town of Delaware, in
Newcaftle county, fituate on Apo^ni-
ntmy creek, ai miles saw of Wilming-
ton. ,
Middtetotiy a town of Pennfylvania, in
Dauphin county. It has a trade in com,
and (tands on Swatara creek, two miles
from its mouth in the Suiquebanna*
and 6a w by N of Philadelphia.
Middletoitt a town of New Jerfey, in
Monmouth county, on the svtr fide of
the bay within Sandy Hook, 14, miles
NW of Shr(,'w(bury, and' 5 a ene of
Trenton.
Middletortt a town in Lanca(hire, with
a market on Friday. It has the cotton
trade in all its branches, a lai^e twift
manufacture, and confiderable>bleaching
works. It Hands on the Rochdale ca-
nal, fix miles n by e of Manchefter, and
188 KNW of London.
Middletivichi a town in Cheihire, with
a market on Tuefday. and manufa^ureci
of fait and cotton; icated on the Croke,
24 milesE of CheAer, and 167 nw of
London.
Midliuy.tt a borough in SulTex, with
a market on Thnrfday, fvated on the
Arun, II miles n by k of Chichelfcer,
and 50 w by s of &ondon.
Midnapoury a town of Hindooftan, in
Oritl'a, capital of a-diftridt belonging to
the Engliih E India lOdmpan^r. It is
feated near a river that flows into the
Hoogly, 70 miles w by »*of Calcutta.
Lon. 8; ;5 e, lat. aa 30 n.
Miesy a town of Bohemia, in the cir-
cle of Pilfen, on the river Mifa, 18
miles w of Pilfen. 1
MigUanoi'iti towh of Naples, in Prin*
cipato Ulteriore, ij. miles knr of
Conza. " ,c .ji;
Miialit/if a town of Afiiitic Tiitkey,
in Natolia, with a fort ; fitiiatierOn a ri-
ver, wliii.!i runs into the fea of Marmo-
ra, j 5 miles w by s of Bnrfa. '>n
SUL;n, or Milanese, a duchy of Italy,
150 mites long and 7-8 broad; bbundtrd
on the N by Swiflerland, E by the terri-
tory of Venic*; and the duchies of Par-
ma and Mantua, s by the duchy of l*ar-
ma and territory of Genoa, and w by
Piedmont. The foil is every where
fertile in corn, wine, firuits, rice, and
M TL
olWes) and there are fine canals for thf
purpofe of irrigation. Sheep are <firw
and poor, but the cattle and cherTe are
ttxCeilent. Here are fomt mines of cop-
fMiiiand lead. The rivers are the Sec-
chHi, Tcfln, Adda, andOglio; and k
bas feveral lakes, the pHncpal of which
are thofe of Magfore, Cotto, and Luga*
no. This country was entirely overrun
by the French in 1796, and formed the
principal part of their Cifklpine repub-
lie. On the renewal of hoitilities, in
17^9, it was foon reconquered by the
^Ihes, and was again fubjedt to the
Jioafe of Auftria; but the French be-
came mailers of it again, in 1800, after
,the battle of .Marengo. •
Ml/an, a city of Italy, capital of th(>
duchy. of the fame name, and the fee of
an archbifhop. It was the ancient capi-
tal of Lomhardy, and is now deemed
the capital of the kingdom of Italy,
Napolean Bonaparte being here crown-
ed king of Italy on Ma v a6, 1805. 'i'he
city is iQ miles in circumference; but
the garden-grounds are fo exteniive,
that it docs not contain above 140,000
inhabitants. It ftandi in a delightfnl
piain, between the rivers Adda and Te-
fm, which communicate with the city,
hy means of two canals. The town it-
felf has no other fortifications than a
high wall and ramparts ; but the cita-
del, called Caftello di Porta Zobia, is a
place of great ftrength. Here are 2 a
(gates, a univerfity, feveral colleges,
l^ny fine palaces, 330 churches, of
.iffihich 96 are parochial, g6 convents,
lOQ religious fraterlHties, "ind a great
number of hdfpitalg. The cathedral is
. in the centre of the city, and next to
St. Peter's at KAvcn, ii the moft confi-
derabie in Italy. ' This vaft fabric is
built of white marble, fupported by 50
columns, and adorned, within and with-
out, by a prodigious number of marble
ftatuesi;^ a.id its trdafuny is reckoned the
richeft in Italy, next to that of Loret»).
The colh?gc of St. Ambrefe has a libra-
ry, which,, befid? a prodigious number
of manufcripts, contains 45>ooo printed
books t anti-'ifs fuperb gallery is adorn-
ed with rich paintings. Mihn has con-
•fider;ib]c commerce in grain (efpecially
rice) cattle, and cheefe ; and has manu-
fiidti:.*e8 of filk and velvet (luffs, ftock-
ings, handkerchiefs, ribands, gold ,;7id
filver lace and embroideries, woollen
and linen cloths, glafs, porcelain, and
■curious works in ftcel, cryftal, agate,
hyacinths, and other gems. It has been
inany times taken in the wars that have
(}pfolat(d |taly> The French took it in
UtL
tigS, and made it the feat of govern.
Atent of the Cifalpine republic, which
they eredled. It was retaken by the
Auflrians and Ruffians in Jul^ 1799}
Wt regained by the French in June
i8oa. It is 16$ miite kw pf Florence.
Lon. 9 II E, lat. 4.1; 28 V.
MilazKi, ovMelrfzzOi a feaport of Si^
cilyi in Val di Oemona. It is divided
into the uppemnd lower town ; the up.
per is very ftrong, and the lower has a
fine fquare, with a fuperb fountain. It
-ftands on a rock on the w fide of a b.iy
of the fame name, 13 miles w of Mefii-
na. Lon. 15 ,^^4 k. "lat. 38 iz n.
Milborn-porti a oorough in Somcrftt-
(hire, whicn has no market. It has ma-
nufafturcs of woollen cloth, linen, and
hofiery; and is featcd on a branch of
the Pan-et, two miles e by n of Sher-
born, an<l 114 w'by 3 of London.
Mildenbaily a town in Suffolk, with
a market on Friday, fcated on the
Larke, a branch of the Oufe, i a miles
NW of Bury, and 70 nne of London.
Mileto, a. *-own of Naples, in Calabria
Ulteriore. In '78.^, it was nearly dc-
flroyed by an earthquake. It i» eight
miles E by n of Nicotera.
Milets, the ancient Miletus, a town
of Afiatic Turkey, in Natolia, 64 miles
s of Smyrna. Lon. 17 14 e» lat. 38
SJ H.
Milfortft a town of Wales, in Pem-
brokefliire, on the N fide of Milford
haven, a deep inlet of the Irifh fea. The
haven branches off into fo marty crocks,
fecured from ail winds, that it is ef-
teemed the fafefl and moft capacioui
harbour in Great Britain. At the en-
trance, on the w point, called St. Ann's,
is an old lighthoufe and a blockljoufe.
Here the earl of Richmond, afterward
Henry vn, landed, on his enterprife
agalnft Richard iii. A packet-boat
fails hence every day, except Tiiefday,
for Waterford, In Ireland. It is fix
miles WNw of Pembroke, and 36a w
by N of London.
Mi/Jbrd, a town of Delaware, in Suf.
fex county, on the n fide of Mufpilion
creek, la miles w of its mouth in Dela-
ware bay, and 19 s by f- of Dover.
Milford, a town of Pennfylvania, in
Northampton county, on the w fide of
Delaware river, i ao miles above Phila-
delphia.
mUfordt a town of Conne<fticut, in
Newhaveri county, filuate on a creek of
Long Ifland found, 10 miles sw of New-
haven.
Milford, Nenvt a town of Connefli-
cut» in J^ichfield county, on the k fid^
at nf gOTCTn.
public, which
rtaken by the
n July 1799;
■ertch \n June
V 9f Florence.
ifeaportofSi^
It is divided
town ; the up'.
lie lower has n
) fountain. It
r fide of a b.iy
es w of Mefli.
8 ij V.
;h in Somerfct-
et. It has ma-
ltha linen, and
m a branch of
by N of Sher-
London.
Suffolk, with
eated on the
)ure, 12 miles
: of London,
lee, in Calabria
vas nearly dc-
e. It i» eight
1/
ilctus, a town
itolia, 64 miles
14 E, lat. 38
'ales, in Pem-
le of Milford
Iriflifea. The
) maiiy cn^ks,
that it is ef-
^oft capacioui
. At tlie en-
lied St. Ann's,
a blockljoufe.
nd, afterward
his enterprife
packet-boat
:ept Tuefday,
d. It is fix
and 362 w
aware, in Suf.
of Mufpilion
outh in Dela-
rf Dover.
nnfylvania, in
the w fide of
1 above Phila-
(nnedicut, in
on a creek of
;« sw of New-
of Connefli-
on tbe E $d(
MIL
«f the HoufatOBiCy ae miles sw of L!cb>
field.
MMaudi a town of France;, in the
departmeat of Aveiron. feated onthe
Tarn» 28 miUts s^ of Rhodes, and 50
NW of Montpellier.
MUiUcb,s.tawn of Silefia, capital of
a lordfliip of the (ame name. It ftands
on the river Bartfcb, on the frontiers of
Poland. 37 miles NNE uf Brefiau. Lon.
17 1% K, lat. 51 3i N.
MUlentown, a town of Pennfylvania,
in Northampton county* on a branch of
Little Leigh river, 26 miles sw of Eaft-
pn, and 44 n nw of Philadelphia.
AT/'/o, the ancient Melos, an illaud of
the Archipelago, 50 miles in circumfer-
ence, with one of the bcft and largeft
harbour'ain the Mediterranean. It pro-
duces excellent fruit and wine; abounds
in very .good cattle, efpecially goats ;
and has mines of iron and fiilphur. In
this ifland.are curious fubterrancan gal*
leries, the roofs of wliich are covt-re^
with genuine capillary or pluiftc aluni,
and the crevices of the rocks filled with
pure fulphur. Here are two bifliops;
one of the Greek, and the other of the
Latin church. On the e fide of the if-
land is a town of the fame name, 60
miles N of Caiidia. Lon. 25 o £> lat.
36 41 N.
yfi/tenberfr, a town of Germany, in
the late eleftorate of Mentz, with a caf-
He on a hill ; feated on the Maine^ 26
miles .sSE of Afchaffenbnrg-
Miitiforpt a towp in Weftrtofland,
with a market on fuefday, feated on
the Betha, near the mouth of the Ken.
As the navigation of the Ken is obf^riuft-
cd by a catara^ near its mouth, Mil-
thorp is the only port in the county,
and hence the fine WeftraorLvnd flatcs
and other I commodities arc cxi^orU-'d.
It is eight miles s of Kendal, an'd| 255
NNw of London. "'
Milton, a town of MaflTachufets, in
Norfolk county, feated near the Napon-
fet, feven miles s of Bofton.
Milton, a town of Virginia, in Albe-
marle county, fituatc on the Rivanna,
76 miles WNW of Richmond.
Milton, a town in Kent, with a mar-
ket on Saturday. It is noted for ex-
cellent oyfiers; and much corn, &c.
is (hipped here for the London markets.
It is feated on the e branch of the Med-
way, 14 miles ne of Maidllone, And 40
E of London.
MiltoH, or jlbbey Milton, a village in
Dorfetfliire, feven miles sw of BLind-
ford. It formerly had an abbey, fonnd-
etl by king Athelltan ; but tlie wl-ole
was fwept away, except the churchy in
MI N
r.771, by the earl of Dorchefter, who
ere'ded on Its fite a, large Gothic man-
Oon, to which the abbey church it now
a private chapel: Th<q village, with it$
church and an a1m(houf(i, were bulk b;
the fame nobleman- Y'
Mina, i town of Pcriia, in the t)ro-
Vince of Kehnan, furrourided by a wall,
with towers, and fe^tt^ on the Ibrahim,
near its entrance into thc'giilf of Ormus,
190 miles s of Kerman. Lon. 56 50 e^
lat. 26 40 K.
Minch, a found, or channel, on the w
toaft of Scotland. K has the illands of
Lewis and Harris* N and S Uift, atid
Bara on the w, and the ifle of Skyeand
Rofs-fliire on the e.
Mintio, a river of Italy, which flows
from the lake.Garda at Pefchiera, forms
the l^ke that furrounds the city of Man-
t^la, and afterward rUhs into the Pb.
Minckendorf, a townof Auftria, fituate
on the Triefling, fix mjles ene of Ba-
den.
Mindanao, the lai-geR of the Philip-
pine ifiands, next to Luconia. It is of
an irregulai- figure, full of hills and val-
leys, and the mould is generally deep,
black, and fruitful. The fides of thft
hills are ftony, and yet there are tali
trees, of kinds not ktiown in Europe ;
fomc of the mountairis yiefd very gpod
gold, and the valleys are virell watered
with rivulets, ft produces the breadi*
fruit trees, and all forts of fruit pri)t)«ir
to the climate, befide plenty of t\tt.
Hiere arc horfes, beeves, buftalos, obul'-
try, hogs, goats, deer, monkeys, gu^as,
bats of a large fee, lizarxls, and fnakei
The winds are earterly one part of the
year, and wefterl'^ thi other ; while the
former blow, it is ,fiair' weather; b'trt
while the latter, it is f0j, ftorniy, and
tempcftuous. ^!i tfrc s there is a vol-
cano of con.tant trij^^ti'on, which fcrvcs
39 a fcamark ; and near the centre isi a
lake, called Lano, about; 60 miles inclr-
cumference. The Spaniards have Sortie
fettlements on the coafts, of which Safti-
buaiig in the w extremity is the chief.
The ifland is governed by a fn Jtan J >vhb
is abfolute. The natives, called Kar,!-
foras, are of a mean low ftattare,' with
fmall limbs and little heads. Their
faces rtre oval, with flat forehead;', black
fmall eyes, fliort low nofes, and ]>tmy
large mouths. Thtxr hair is bl.ncl{ and
(Vraight, and thtir complexion tawny,
but more' ijiclined to yellow than that of
other Indians. The chief trades ar«
goldfmiths, blackfmithr, and carpenters,
and they can build pretty good veffels
for the fc.i. The fultan has a qileen,
befide other women, and all the men
have feverajl. wives ; 'for their religion is
Mshometanifm. Th^ir houses are buil^
on pofts, and afcended by ladders ; they
have but one floory which is divided in>
to fe;veral rooms, and the rooFs are co-
verMt with patmeto leaves. The capi-
tal is a large city, of the fame name,
feated on the e fide of the iflahd. Lon.
1150 Wf lat. 6 ON. .
' Mftidelbeim, a town of Suabia, with a
calllc on a mountain. It is the capital
of a lordfhip between the rivers lller
and I^ech, and aj miles sw of Auglburg.
Mifukttf a fortified town of Weftpha-
lia, capital of a priticit>ality of the fame
name- I'he catticdral is a large ftruc-
ture» and near it is a noble chaptcrhoufe.
Its convenient fituation fur trade and
navigation » its breweries, fugar-houfes,
gnd wax-ni^nufa^in-c, are great advan-
tages tp the inhabitants. Near this
town prince Ferdinand of Brunfwick
defeated the French in 1 7 59. It is feat-
ed on the Wefer, 43 miles e of Ofna;
burg. Lon. 8 56 e, lat..5a 19 m.
mindorot one of the Philippiticiflands.
50 niles in circumference, Separated
froi.. 1-uconia by a narrow channel. It
is full of mountains.t which abound in
iialm-trees, and all forts of fruits. The
nifaabilants fire pagans, and pay tribute
to tbe Spaniards.
, Mineheadt a borough and feaport in
goTUerfetfliirc, with a market on Wcd-
nefday- It has a good harbour on the
Briftol channel, for (hip» of large bur-
den i and carries on a trade in wool^
cbdl* and herrings. It is 3 1 miles n of
!Exetcr< and 1^3 w by s of London-
Lon. 3 34 w, lat. 51 i* m.
Mngrelia, a prqvince of Afia, which
makes part of Georgia; bounded on
the w by the Black I'^a, e by Imeritia,
8 by a part of (Jeorgla, and n by Cir-
caflia. It is ^ovemwJ by a prince, who
was tributary to the fovereign of Imefi-
tia^, but in i783,he put himfelf under the
protedion of Ruflia- The face of this
qoumry, its produdls, and the cuftoms
and pannors of the inhabitant*, are fimi-
, )iw io thofe of Georgia.
, Wnbo, a river of Spain, which rifes in
ihe NE part Qf GaUcia, pafles by Lugo,
Orenfe, an<i Tuy, and dividing Galtcia
^rom Portugal, enters the Atlantic, at
Cj^minba-
, rnhfiei a town of Egypt, on the left
bauk of the Nile, 90 miles s of Fayoum.
Mimrvino, a town of Naples, in Ter-
ra di Bari, 94 miles wsw of Trani-
M'tnorcoy an ifland of the MediteiTa-
ncan, lying 50 miles to the ne of Ma-
JDica. It is 30 miles long and i s broad ;
aud is » mountainous country, with
MIR
fome fruitful vall^yl. Minorca was
taken from the Spaniards, in 1708, by
the Englifli, and confirmed to them by
the treaty of Utrecht. The French
took it in 1756; but it was reftoredin
1763. It was taken bv the Spaniards
in 1782, and confirmed to them by the
peace of 1783. It was again taken by
the Englifli, without the lofs of a man,
in 1798, and given up by the peace of
iSoi- Citadella is the capital; but
Mahon claims greater confcquence, on
account of its excellent harbour, called
Port Mahon, which is defended by two
forts. Lon. 3 48 e, lat. 30 51 n.
Minori, a town of Naples, in Princi-
pato Citeriore, feated on the gulf of Sa-
lerno, four miles nf. of Amalfi.
Minsi, a town of Lithuania, capital
of a palatinate of the fame name, with
two citadels- The counti7 is pretty
fertile, and has forefts containing vaft
numbers of bees, whofe honey makes
part of its riches. Minflc is 80 miles
tJTE of Novogrodeck, and 100 sk of
Wilna. Loii. ^^ 58 e, lat. $3, 46 w.
MiMaon, an i (land in the Indian ocean,
40 miles long and 1 4 broad, on the w
coaft of the ifland of Sumatra. Lon. 97
38 E, lat. 35 s.
Mio/ans, a town and fortrefsof France,
in the department of Lower Alps, feat-
ed on a craggy rock, fix mile ke of
Montmelian.
Mioss, a lake of Norway, in the pro-
vince of Hedemarke, 90 miles in circum-
ference. It is almbft divided by a pc-
ilinfula, and contains a fertile ifland 19
miles in circumference.
MiqueloK, a fmall defert ifland, sw of
Cape Mary in Newfoundland, ceded to
the French in 1763, for drying and cur-
ing their fifli. They were difpoflefled
of it by the Englifli in 1793, J*"*' •' was
rellored to them in 1802. Lon. 56 10
w, lat. 46 4 J N-.
]\Iira, a town of Portugal, in Beira,
16 miles NW of Coimbra.
Miranda, a townof Portugal, capital
of the province of Tra los Montes, and
a bilhop's fee. It was once a fortrefs,
but in 1762, when bcfieged by the Spa-
niard^, the powder magazine blew up,
and deftroyed the fortifications. It is
feated on a rock, on the river Douero,
32 miles ESK of Braganza, and 1 15 ene
of Oporto. Lon. 6 3a w, lat. 41
46 N.
Miranda de Corva, a town of Portu-
gal, in Beira, 15 miles se of Coimbra.
Miranda de Ebroy a town of Spain,
in Old Cadile, with a caftle; feated in
a country that produces excellent wincj
on the rivev Kbrp, over which i» a bridgci
Minorca wai
• in 1708, by
xl to them by
The French
as r^ftored in
!he Spaniards
J them by the
gain taken by
lofs of a man,
' the peace of
capital ; but
ifeqiience, on
irbour, called
ended by two
051 N.
[es, in Princi-
he gulf of Sa-
malli.
Lianiai capital
e name, with
ti7 is pretty
intaining vaft
honey makes
: is 80 miles
d 100 SK of
t. 53 46 N.
Indian ocean,
id, on the w
itra. Lon. 97
refsofFranpe,
jr Alps, feat-
mile K£ of
[, in the pro*
e8incircum>
ed by a pc-
tile ifland 19
fland, sw of
nd, ceded to
nn^ and cur-
difpofleflTed
and it was
Lon. 56 iQ
al, in Beira,
gaU capital
Siontes, and
a fortrefs,
by the Spa-
le blew up,
ions. It is
er Doqero,
nd 115 ENE
>v, lat. 41
n of Portu-
Coimbra.
— 1 uf Spain,
'; feated in
:IIcntwinei
isabridsci
MIS
J 7 milea^ ne of Bui;g08, and 46 s of
iilboa.
Mirande, a town of France, in the de-
payment of Gets. Wool, down, and
the feathers of gcefe, are its principal
;irticles of trade. It is feated on an emi-
nence, near the river Baife, 15 miles sw
of Auch.
Mirartdtla, a town of Portugal, in
Tra los Montes, 18 miles ne of Lame-
go, and 30 sw of Braganza.
Mirartddla, a city of Italy, in the TVIo-
denefe, capital of a duchy of its name,
and a bifliop'i foe. with a citadel and a
fort. Befldethe cathedral, it contains
many fine churches and convents. It is
ao miles VNE of Modena. Lon. 11 19
£, lat. 44 <2 N.
Miravel, a town of Spain, in Eftrema-
dura, with a (trong callle; feated on
the fide of a hill, 16 miles s by w of
Placentia, and 38 ene of Alcantara.
Mlrebeauy a town of France, in the
department of Vienne, famous for the
beauty and ftrength of its afles. It is
14 miles N by w of Poitiers.
Mirecpurt, a towri of France, in the
department of Vofges, famous for its
violins and fine lace. It is feated on
the Modon, 15 miles www of Epinal.
Miremont, a town of France, in the
department of Dordogne. Near it is 1
remarkable cavern, called Clufeau. Iv.
is feated near the river Vizere, 15 miles
E of Bergerac.
Mirepoix, a town of France, in the
department of Arriege, and lately an
fpifcoral fee- It is feated on the Gers,
15 miles ENE of Foix, and 43 s^e of
Touloufe.
Mirow, a town of Lower S.ixony, In
the duchy of Mecklenburg, with a caf-
tie, 1 1 miles w of Strelitz.
3/m<7^»o, a town of Naples, in Otrah-
to, ninu miles ssE of Oiluni.
Misitra, a town of European Tur-
key, capital of the Morea, and an arch-
bMnop's fee, with a caftle. It is divided
into four parts, the caftle, the town,
and two large fuburbs. The church is
one of the fineft in the world, and the
Turks have turned it into a mofque,
near which is a magnificent hofpital.
There is a great number of Chriftians,
and fo many Jews, that they have three
fyuagogues. It was taken by the Vene-
tians in 1687 ; but the Turks retook it-
It is feated oh the Vafilipotamo, 90
miles ss(i*of Lopanto, Lon. 22 36 E,
lat. .j7 16 ^f.
Misttia. See Meissen.
_ Atijjijsip/>i, a large river of N Ame-
rica, which feparates the United States
9nd W Florida from Louifiana. Its
MIS
fource is unknown, but it has been aW
ready traced to t^iree fmall lakes about
lat. 47 n; and its length thence is about
1600 miles. The tributary ftreartit are
numerous, the largeft 6f which afe tb6
Miflburi froAi the w, and the IIIHioiii
and Ohio from the e. The general
courfe of the MilTifiippj it from tt to s,
but below the influx of the Ohio it*^
exceedingly' crooked i and in it are
many fmall iflands. The water of thii
river is clear till it receives the Mif-
fouri. It is navigable, without ainy
obftrudlions, to St. Ahthpny Falls, in
lat. 44 50, where the ftrenn, more than
250 yards wide, falls perpendicularly
about 30 feet, and the rapids below, in
the fpace of 306 yards, render the de-
fcent conftderably greater. On both
fides the river are Tatt fprings, which
produce excellent lah: and the adja-
cent country is' equal in goodnefs to
any in N America. It' caters the gulf
of Mexico by four mouths ; the princi-
pal one, which is the SB pafl^ at the
ifland of Balaife. ;>
Missour'h a large river of Loulfiaria,
which is formed by the juniftion of
thr^e ftreams in lat. 45 23 k, and flows
2015 miles, in a very flexuous kse di-
region, to the, Mimllippi, which it
joins in lat. 38 40 sr, but is there a
broader and deeper rivet, and in fi6t
the. principal ft^am. In 1804-5, ^T
direction of the government of the
United States, it was, afcend6d iti
whole length by captains Lewis and
Clarke,, who gave the names of Jeffer-
fon, Madifon, and Gallatin to the three
rivers which form the head of the Mif-
fouri ; and they afcended ,Jefferfon to
i(s fource loj miles, 80 of which is
navigable for canoes. The Miflburi is
deep and rapid, and receives numerous
rivers in its courie, many of them of
confiderable bxtent. It contains many
iflands and fandbanks, and fome rapids ;
and about 2300 miles up are fome falls,
the firft and largeft 98 feet, and the
whole 363 feet in the fpace of 17 miles.
The chief bend in this river is 30 milcs«
and its two extrenries are only a mtle
'apart; others extend fron^ la to 20
miles, and approach within a lefs dif-
tance. The banks, except a fterile
diftrift below the fafls, are in general
rich and beautiful: in fome parts are
cxttnfive meadows, with hills beyond
them covered with trees i in oth«rs,
lower down, are' long chains of high
hilU of a dark colour, great quantities
of which are waflied into the river by
rain's, and the force of the current,
which caufes a muddinefs that never
iAttfiifloA. H thif rivor be regarded ai
thv ti>utf river that cnnflitutea what U
jqillcd tho Mifl]aIpp^t tt\c Mjflburt wi)!
tHTiJibovtf ,)Boo mifcf in Fcngth.
fl/lmthsi'm Lakfy n lake of New Br{-
Vudi lyinf t of iho s part of Jamt-fi
MXf iin4 flinroUndcd by mountaini call-
ed t be Great Ml(^<iflut8. It U abnve
ajo mllci ia drcuiti of a very irregular
fltopei b^ing DMieh int<;r<«.'i.*ttt{ by Ions
anu narrow pfd^jctStlons uf lAml, and
contnini fcvrrnl illaiuU. It it fnrnu'd
of the jMiltaiAu and other rivers from
the mountaingf autl it* outlet in the
river l^upcrt. ,
. Jiiir/rc//a. iii epifcopal town nf Sici-
Iy« ill Val di Deniona. ,<;o miles kse of
ralertno, hnd ^4, w of Mciniia.
Mitcham^ a vill-ige In Surry, fcvcii
mitca sw of .Loadon. It is fcatrd on
t^c W«ndle> OjAjWhicb arc foinc fiiutT-
inills. ,, |tn(C,,|gU¥:o -printing tnanufjc-
tur,e». :'■;..,..
J^UttMJfnH, a town in Oloiicifter-
niire, wltlh a market on Monday, It-atrd
at the It t:;(ta>mitx of the forcft oF
Dean, 1 A niilet w of GiouceActv ^nU
1 1 6 ,w by N of London. ,
Miithe/jtom>»j, a town of Irctiind, in
Ihe county of C(H'1(« H^f h :i cotli;ge
|or I a decayed men and as tnany women.
It is a.t miles i^K of Cork) auil ao ssu
iiif Limerick •[ ,.,
. MiUauf a^ city aiid the capital of
Courlandy with a Targe duc^l palace.
The walls and moat a of the tpwn are
decayi<d ; the houfe«, for the mod part,
have no particular elegance ; and a giceat
Bijiny gardens and open places are con-
,tamfd within ita circuit. Here are two
Lutheran churches, a beautiful Calvin>-
jft church, and a popilh church. It ik
fcatcd on the Bofderau. 45 miles, e of
Coldingcn, and 270 nne of WarCiw;.
Lon- aj 50 a, tat. 56 40 v.
Mittehvatily .1 town of Siberia, in the
county of Glatz, Toated on the Neiire,
near Its Iburce, 18 miles s of Ok^t/.
Mittentuaid, a town of Bavaria, in
the county of Wei-d«*nfel.<, on the river
Ifer, I a niih'R N of Infpruc.
MitttmuaU, a town of Brandenburg,
in the Middle mark, 16 miles ssu of
Berlin.
Mittfrhurgy a town of Iftria, capital
of a county of the fame name, with a
C.il^lc on a rock, i j miles w of Fiume,
and so ''K of Trieft.
Mobi/e, a river formed by two main
br.inchfs, the Alaluma and Tomheck-
hy, in the s part of the Ibte of Geor-
gia. After flowing four miU>8 s it fw-
paratcs into two ftrt'.imfi, whirh fonn
after enter into W Florida. The river.
lijfbc
to the w retains the name of Mobilft
that to the K takes the name of Ten-
faw ( both are V(|ually navigable, and
they nin nearly parallel into Mobile
bay, which extends 1 1 leagues » to the
gulf of Mexico.
Moliile, a city of W Fl(»rida, formerly
of eonlikterahlc importance, hut now a
fnull place. It has a regular f(<rtrefsi
and (Vandii at the mouih of a river and
at the head of a bay of the Ctme name,
90 miles wnw of iVr.fitcula. Lon. 8^
18 w, lat. 30 .17 K.
Moiarangttt or Mocara% a kingdom
on the V c«)aft of Africa, miftakenly
c.illcd Afonoinotafnh which is the title
of the ntoiiareh. It h hounded on the
N by Mononuigi, v, by the Mofnin-
bique, s by Sofala and 3lanica, and w
by unknown regions. It has fevcral
rivtrst of which the Zambcra is thtt
chief; ia f«;rtile in rice, millet, and
rugar-cancs, which tall grow without
cnltiv.'ition; and the pathi res feed vail
nniUitndes of cattle, efpeeially of thi<
larger furt, but ,not any hdrfcs. There
are a great, many oAriehes, wild beatts,
and elephants ; and fevii^ra] mines of
gold aiit^, filver. The natives are all
bl^ck, with woolly hair, and go naked
almolt 'as Jow as the girdle, but thence
dinvnwnrd are covered with a pieci; of
doth of various colourt*. That of the
comm»>n people is of died cotton ; but
perfons of quality wear Indian ulks, or
cotton embroidered with gold, over
wl|ich they commonly have the ikiu
of fomo wild heart, with the tail hanjr-
ing behind, and trailing on the ground.
The men have as many wives a» tiny
chooft to take. Their religion is \y\-
ganifm ; but they believe in one God
.who created the world. The Portu-
guefe had a fettlement here in 1560,
uu^ they were all murdered, or forced
away. The houfes are built of wood,
and covered with plwrter; but there
are very few towits. .Madrogan is tho
capital.
Moenum/>oufi a town of the country
of Napaul, capital of a diArid of the
fame name- It. is (ituate, on the G fidt;
"of the Napaul, 4ft miles sse of Cat-
mandu, and 1.46 sr of Patna. Lon. 85
37 K, lat. Z7 ai; N.
'Mocha, or Moka, a town of Ar.ibia,
in Yemen, ftated on a fmall bay of the
Red f»'a, nc.ir the ftr.iit of Babelmandel,
On each of the pcints of bnd, which
indole the ronti, is a fort ; but they
are wretched ftru^ures. The town Is
of a circular form, furro«nd?d by a
will, in which are fix pates. It carries
on a great trade, efpeeially in C(>(f^^'*
irtrfes. Thrrc
MOP
and the tnhabitnntit nre computed tt
1 8,oeo, withnirt including the Jews, who
Inhabit the fubut-bi. The womrn, ex-
cept a fmnll number of thtr common
fort* niMrer flppe.ir fn the ftrcett in the
dxytimo, but vifit rach other in the
evening. When they meet any men In
the way, they (land clofe up againit the
vrall to let tnem pars: they have little
btiikins of morocco leather { and 6vyr
their drefs they wr.nr a larprc v^il df
Eninted calico. The Englifh, from
lindooftan, at prcfcnt en^ruiii alin(>1t
excluflvcly the tradtr of this place. It
ftnnds in a barren plain, iao miles saw
of Sana, and 6.30 s»f. of Mc::'^ Lon.
44 ip B, lat. I.J 10 N.
Modburt/, a to\vn in Devonfhlrc,
with a marlcrt on Thurlday, and a ma-
nufacture of plulli ; leatfd between two
hills. .^6 miles ssw of Kxctcr, and ao8
W8W of London.
Modenat or Modetieset a duchy of
Itnly, 6j mllci long and ^n broad}
bounded on the w by Parma, m by
Mantua, e by the Ferrarcfi;, Bolognol'c,
and Tufcany, and s by the republic of
Lucca. It inchides tht; duchies of Mi-
randola and Keggio. The foil is fvrtile
in corn, wine, oil, and fruits of diilor-
cnt kinds. It alfo feeds a great number
of cittle.
Modenaf a fortified city of Italy, ca-
pital of the Modenefe, and a bimop's
llr, with a cit.idel, and a magnificent
college. The cathedral, f«!ver-il of the
churches, and fome of the monafteries,
are handfome ilrudures. The ducal
palace is richly fufnidied, and contains
tine paintings. The inh.ibitant8, elH-
m<tted at 30,009, are faid to m-ikc tlic
bed maiks in all Italy. It is feated be-
tween the rivers Secchi.i and Panaro,
34 miles s by E of Mantua, and 60
NNW of Florence. Lon. n 13 b, lat.
44 .14 N.
Madicat a. town of Sicily, in Val di
Noto, on the river Accellaro, 10 miles
w of Noto.
Modott, a ftrong town of Eurooean
Turkey, in the Morea, and a bifliop's
fee, with a fafe harbour. It is feated
on a promontory projecting into the
fea of Sapienza, 15 miles w of Coron.
Lon. ai 31 E, lat. 36 53 n.
Moers. SceMeurS'
Moeskirch, .1 town of Suabia, in the
principality of FQrltenburg, iB miles n
of Conf^ce.
Moffjitty a town of Scotland, in Dum-
fiicsffiiire, near the river Annan, cn-
compafled on all (ides, except the s,
by hills of different heights. Its de-
lightful fituation and its niiqeral fprings
M OH
attnA much company. It ii 40 miT<i
N bv K of Dumfries.
mtiffat JBlh, the highcft mdtintaint
of the s of Scotland, Ion the i« border
of Dumfdesihiro. lUrtM, thc^oft
elevated, isjioo (eet above the mtl di
the fea. Tni7 feed nungierout ffocks
of (beep ; and from them defcend, ift
different dlrO(!lioii8, the Tweed, Clydct
and Atman, whofe fources are but Ht
tie dilt.int from each other.
Afojfador, a town of the kingdom of
Morocco, with a harbour for vciTels of
a middling iize. It is furrounded by
walls, with batteries, and at high tide*
is almoit encompa(red bry the fea., The
llreets are all in ftraight lines, ;ind
contain a great number of handfome
houfes. Ttu; port is formed by a chan»
nel, betvreen the m.thihnd and ^n iUand
above a mile in length. It is 180 tnflet
WMW of Morocco. Lon. 9 35 w, lat.
31 j8 K, ■
Mohati, a town of Lower Hungary^
in the county of Buraniwar. llcre
Louis the l;((t king of Huneary, ii
1516, was defeated by tfie Turks undet
Solimnn ir, with the loft of 23,60$
men, and after the battle fuffbcatedb/th*
fall of his borft; in a muddf broolt. Ill
1687, another battle was fought fif^,
l)etween the Chriitians commanded bf
prince Charles of Lorrain, and tbd
Turks, who were defeated with the lofj
of 10,000 men, their cannon ^tmI bag^*
gage. It is feated at the conflux of the
Coralfe with the Danube, 23 miles M by
E of EiJeck.
Mohanuk River, a rivcT of th^ ftate
of New York, which rifes to the n of
Fort Stanwix, pa(ie8 by that fort and
SkeneCtady, and enters Hiidfon rivet,
eight miles above Al)3<iny. About two
miles above its junction with the Hud-
fon it has a catara(ft, where the dream,
100 yards wide, falU perpendicularly
about 70 feet.
Mahawhy a once powerful tribe <<f
Indians, in N America, living on Mo-
hawk river. Mod of them emigrated,
in 1776, into Canada; and none now
remain in the United States.
Mohilat one of the Comora idands,
between the » end of Madag-dcar and
the continent of Afdca. 'The itiland
parts are iipuntjiili9ti^ and'woody, and
there an/wwr.d v.iVI;lg:c{<,,'|Whofe houft-a
are , made or ji^i-dsv iind' draw. The
{leople '.are blacfc, with givat heads,
arge lips, fiat noil*?, fliaip^ chins, ;ind
ftrong linilis. Suino of tfie inhal)itants
are Mahometans, who have a few
wretched mofques, built of wood and
ftraw witho'.'.t, and matted neatly with-
h
MO L
In. Tbls IRand produces plenty ef
rice» poaR, honey, cocoa-nutB» plantains,
orangKi. .lemoni. citrono, pineapples,
cucumbers, tamarinds, and lugar>caneq.
It has a good road fur /hips. Loh. 43
50 B.lnt. la aj 8.
yUhUt^ or Mo'i'tUyy a government
of the Ruflian eftipire, com prill ng a
fart of Lithuania, difmcmbered from
oland in i77a«
Mohileft or M^plev, a town of Li-
ihuania, capital of a RuiTian govcrn-
inent of the feme name. By the divi-
fion of Poland in 1773, it was ceded to
Rufliat with its territory, and ereded
into an archbifltopric of the Roman
church, with an afliftant bifliop. It has
a conflderable trade, and is fituate on
the Dnieper, 340 miles ene ofWarfaw,
and 364 8 of Peteriburg. Lon. 30 14 h,
lat. <3 51 N.
Mohrin, a town of Brandenburg, in
the New mark, 18 miles NNWof Cuf-
Irin.
, MohrwtgeHt a town of PrnflTia, in the
provincf of Obcrland, fituate on a lake
ef the fame name, which almofl fur-
rounds it. Here is an x)ld caftic, former-
ly a convent, belonging to the knights
of the Teutonic order, in confcquence
or >irhofe wars the town has frequently
fuflltred. It is 56 miles ssw of Konigl-
berg, and j6 SE of Dant'/ic.
Moiiah, a town and fort of Arabii
Petrea, on the coall of the Red fea, 130
mile* s of Acaba, and 180 nw of Me-
dina. Lon. 33 50 K, lat. 27 30 N.
Moiranj, i town of France, in the
department of Ifere, on the river Iferc,
fij miles SB of Vienne.
MoisMCt a town of France, in the
department of Lot, with a trade in corn
and flour ; feated on the Tarn, pear its
conflux with the Garonne^ 13 miles nw
of Montanban.
• Jlola di Bart, a town of Naples, in
Terra di Bari, feated on the gulf of
"Venice, 17 miles E of Bari.
Mola di Gtieia, a town of Naples, in
Terra di Lavoro, feated near the fea,
^hreo miles ne of Gaeta.
Mold, a town of Wales, in Flintfhire,
with a market on Saturday. The aflizes
are held here. It is five miles s of
Flint, and joi nw jof London.
Moldavia,, ja..^X(^yx(\cc of Turkey in
^urope, 370 iTijles long and from ^o to
I »o broad ; bounded on the n by Po-
land, from which it is alfo divided on
the NE by the Dniefter, e by New Rut
fia and Beffiirbia, se by Bulgaria, from
which fad it is parted by the Danube,
aw by Wnlachia, and w by Tranfjil-
vania. The other principal rivers are
M OL
the. Pruth and Sereth. The w part \»
mountainous, and there are fome un-
cultivated deferts; but it abounds in
good padures, which feed a great num-
ber of horfes, oxen, and Aieep ; it alfo
J)roduces corn, pulfe, honey, wax,
i-Hit«, with plenty of game and fowls,
The fovercign, who is ftyled hofpodar,
is tributary to the grand feigniur. The
inhahitpts arc ChriRians of the Greek
church. JaflTy is the principal town.
Mole, a river in Surry, which rifca on
the bonlers of Suifex, flows N to Dork-
inpr, and pafling bi-iieath Box Hill, i«
(aid to diiappear in its vicinity,, and to
rife again near Leatherhe.id. Hence it
is fuppofed to derive its name, but
the faft is, that a trail of foft ground",
two miles in length, called the Swal-
lows, ill very (iry fcafons abforbs the
wade water in caverns on the fides of
the banks; but not fo as to prevent a
conllant ftream from flowing in an
open ciianiiel above ground. The Mole,
proceeding from Leatherhead to Cob-
nam,entcrsthe Thames, oppofite Hamp-
ton Court.
Mole^ a port of St. Domingo. See
yic/iolaj, St.
Molfttta, a town of Naples, in Terra
di Bari, feated on the ^ulf of Venice,
lo miles w by N of Ban.
Molieres, a town of France, in the
department of Lot. 11 miles n of Mont-
auban, and 16 s of Cahors.
Molina, a (Irong town of Spain, i«
New Callile, feated on the Gallo, in a
territory'abounding in pallures, 50 miles
£NE of Siguenza. Lon. i 53 w, lat. 41
ION.
Mnitse, a county of Naples, in the
form of a triangle, whofe fides are 39
miles long, lying between Terra di liar
vpra, Abruzzo Citeriore, Capitanata,
and Principato Ulteriore. It is a moun-
tainous country, but fertile in corn,
wine, fafl^ron, and filk. It fuffered much
damage by an earthquake in 180.15, and
upward of jo,ooo of the iuhabitautb
periJhed.
Moliff, a town of Naples, capital ^
a county of the fatxie name, with a
caflle. It is 50 miles nne of Naplei(.
Loii-'i4 43 e, lat. 41 36 N. - \> C
' Mollefi, a ftrong town of Lower Sa:*-
ony, in th(t duchy of Lauenburg, feated
.on the yteckenit/., 14 miles s of Lubee.
^hliheim, a town of France, in tlic
department of Lower Rhine, feated on
the Brufdi, lo miles w by s of Straf-
bu.rg.
^faluccaJ,Xi\' Spice Islands^ a number
of i (lands in the Imlian ocean, lying f
■of Celebes. They include thole iVoi\i
lie w |Mn u
c fomt; un»
abounds in
great nuin-
eep ; it alfo
jney, wax,
and fowls,
d hofpodar,
;nior. The
: the Grtek
pal town,
lich rifes on
N to Dork-
)ox Hill, is
iity,and to
. Ilcnc-e it
name, but
oh grounif',
I the Swal-
ablbrbs the
the fides of
3 prevent a
nng in an
Tbf- Mole,
ad to Cob-
ifitt: Ilamp-
jingo. See
;s, in Terra
of VtMiicc,
ice, in the
K uf Mont-
Spain, ia
"Julio, in a
8, 50 miles
w, lat. 41
C8, in the
es are 39
rra di Lar
apitan.nta,
is a muuu-
in corn,
:red mucli
i8o.<;, and
ihabitantti
capital ^
with a
f Napki).
jwer Sa:^-
rg, fcated
of Lubec.
;e, in the
feated on
of Straf-
n umber
lying f
oie tVorp
nf o N
Mortay in the n to Banda in t!ie s, and
from Ivfyfol in the k to Bouro in the
w. The other principal ones are OU
lolo, Ceram, Amboyna. Ouby, Temate,
Tidore. Motir, Macbian, and Bachlan :
the laft Rve, lying w of Gllolo, are the
original Moluccas ftridtly fo cal'ed ;
but the appellation is now extended.
Except Oilolo, they produce neither
corn, rice, nor cattle, but they have
oranges, ItrmonR, and other fruits ; and
are moft remarkable for fpices, efpeci-
ally doves and nutmegs. They have
large fnakcs, and very ilanperous land
crocodiles. On the Ihorcs there arc
large .rocks of coral, of great variety and
beauty. The natives arc idolaters; but
there are many Mahometans. They
wee difcovered in i.";i i, by the Portu-
guefe, who formed fome fettlements ;
but the Dutch drove them away, about
the year 1607. By a treaty in 16 19,
the Englifli had one third of the pro-
duce, and the Dutch two thirds ; but
in three years after, the latter forged a
plot of the Engliih agaiiift their lives
and liberties, and put them to de»th
by the moft exquifite tortures. The
chief fettlement of the Dutch is in Am-
boyna.
MolivitZt A town of Rilpfia, in the
principality of Brieg, famous for a bat-
tle gained by the Pruflians over the
Auftrians in 1741. It is four miles w
of Brieg.
Mombaza, a city on the coaft of
Zanguebar. It was feated on a penin-
fula, which has been fince turned into
an iiland, by cutting a canal through
the ifthmus. It is def'.>nded by a (Irong
citadel, has a commodious harbour for
large veflels, and carries on a great
commerce with the iflands and king-
doms adjacent. Hence the Portugucfe
export flaves, gold, ivory, rice, flelb,
and other proviilons, with which they
fupply the fettlements in Brafil. Tho
king of Melinda, being a Chrillian, had
a quarrel with the Portuguefe gover-
nor, took the caftle by affault, turned
Mahometan, and murdered all the
Chriftians, in 1631; but, in 1729, the
Portugutfe became mailers of this ter-
ritorvagain. Mombaza is 75 miles ssw
of Melinda. Lon. 39 30 e, lat. .3 15 s.
Momflot, a town of Egypt, with ma-
nufa(5Vures of linens, on the left bank of
the Nile, :o miles nnw of Siout.
Motitpo, a town of T(;rra Firma, in
the province of Carthagcna, on the left
bank of theMadalena, i:o miles ssk of
Carthagena.
Mona, an idand oi" Denmark, in the
Bahic, to the 6 w of the illeof Zealand,
MO ^^
from whi^h it is feparated by a nanow
channel. Stece it the chief iotin.
MMscot a fortified feaport of Italy, '
capital of a fmall principality of thii
fame name, between th^ county of Nice
and the territory of Genoa. The har-
bour is goo**, but not deep enough for
large veflels; and the princ^l export;
is olive oil. Beflde the citadel and
other fortifications, it is naturally verr
ftrong, being feated Oh a craggy rocc.
that projects into the fea. It is 1*
miles KNK of Nice. Lon. 7 3* R, lat.
43 44 N.
Monaxban, a county of Irelind, in
the province of Ulfter, 3a miles lonj
and 22 broad; bounded on the n bf
Tyrone, e by Armagh, »k by Louth,
sw by Cavan, and w by Fermanagh.
It is full of woods and bogs, and a
tiiird part of it taken up by Lough
Erne. It contains 34 pariities, and
fends two members to parliament-
Monaglian, a borough of Ireland,
capital of a coimty of the fame name.
It was fortified with a caftle and a fort,
againd the Irirti, in the reign of queen
Elifabeth. It is 40 miles sw of Belfaft,
and 60 NNW of Dublin. Lon. 6 49 w,
lat. 54 16 ».
Moftaster, a town of the kingdom of
Tunis, feated near the fe.i, 70 miles sk
of Tunis. Lon. 1 1 6 e, lat. 35 50 n.
Monastervan, a town of IrelHud, in
the county of Kildare, fitu;;te on the
Barrow, near the grand canal, 19 mile»
N of Carlow, and 32 sw of Dublin.
Monblanc, a town of Spain, in Cata-
lonia, on the river Francoli, 1 7 miles sr
of Tarragona.
Moncallier, a town of Piedmont,
feated on an eminence near the Po, five
miles SE of Turin.
Moncalvo, a town of Piedmont, in
Montferrat, feated on a mountain, is
miles sw of Cafal.
Moncaon, a town of Portugal, in
Entre Douero e Minho, with a ftrongf
caftle. The Spaniards have often at-
tempted to take it, but in vain. It is
feated near the Minho, 24 miles m of
Braga.
Monchabou, a city of the kingdom of
Birmah, which was only a fmall town
in 1752, under the government of Alom^
pra, who foon afterward became the
deliverer of his country, and the con-
queror of Peru. It i<s 40 mile.s N of
Ummer.''poora.
Monron, a town of Spain, in Arra-
pon, with a caftle ; feated it the con-
flux of the Sofa andXinca, iix miles s
of Balbaftro, and 50 nk of SamgolDi.
Menconteur't ». town of Fraace.'in
ii'i^
y Oft
the drparttnmt of Cotes da Nord» ix
milei tan of 9t. BHcuc-
M^ntitnttur^ a town of France, in the
departmviit of Wmw* 27 miles itw of
Piiitiers.
Mu»dtgOf % river of Portugat, ivhich
kas Its (buFCe nciir Guarda, crofles
Ikira, by Coitnbr^, and entera the Al>
laotic, near a cape of tht^ fame name.
lUoMltmJof a ttmii of Spain, in Oa-
licia, aud a biOiop'H (*x ; fcated in a
fertile country, oaa Ijnall river, 60 miles
3iE of Compoftella. Lon. 7 10 w, lat.
43 .?o ^'
Movdoublraut a town of Francci in
the department of Loir and Cher, with
acaftle, 15 miles nmw of VvndAroe.
MonJovi, a fortified town of Pied>
tnont, and a biihop's fte< fiefide the
cathedral, it has live churches a univer*
fity, and 13 convents. The vicinity
fields excellent wine, good cheltnuts,
and Knc marble. In 1796, the French
3;aincd a vidtory here over 4iie Auf-
triuns, nhich made thi-m maltcrfl of
the Aate of the king of Sardinia. It is
ffiMtcd on a mountain, near the river
Elcro, 14 miles e of Cuni. Lon. 8 3 k,
lat 44 2<i s. ^
Movdragnn, a town of Spain, in Oui-
pufcoa, near which are funir medicinal
i'pringH. and a famous mine of excellent
iron. It is 4 miles »!>w of St. Sebaf-
tian.
Mondragon, .1 town of France, in the
department of Tarn, la miles .nnw of
Callres.
MoitdragoHet a town of Naples, in
Terra di I/ivoro, ceh-bratv-d for its me-
dicinal waters, and fcated near the fea,
\i miles N\v of Capua.
Monjiut an iiland on the coaft of
Zanquebar, to the nk of Quiloa, tribu-
tary to Portugal- Lon. 40 jo e, lat. 7
50 s.
Monflanguin, a town of France, in the
decartment of Lot and Garonne, ay
miles NNB of Agen.
Mon/orte, a town of Spain, in Ga-
liria, with a caftle» 19 miles kne of
Oienfe.
Monforte, a town of Portugal, in
£eira, 17 miles sb of Ciistel Branco.
Monforte, a town of Portugal, in
Alentejo, ai miles s of Portalegra.
Mon/orte, a town of Portugal, in
Tra loB Monies, ao miles w by m of
£raganza.
Monghir, a town of Hindooftan, in
]}ahar, with a fuit, feated on the right
bank of the Ganges, 80 miles E by s of
Patna, and 230 m n w of Calcutta- Lon.
86 ^6 F.Jat. ^5 44 N.
Mon^uli, Cputttrjf of thcf or Wettem
MOK
Ch'ituu Tartar jf, is bounded on the (r
by Siberia, a by Eaftem Tartary, s by
the great wall of China and I«a«-tong,
and w by Independent Tartary. The
Mongul Tartars have neither towns,
villages, nor houfes 1 they are wander'
ing hordes, and live under tents, which
they remove from one place to an.-
other, according as the difl^rent fea.
fons, or the wants of their flocks, re-
quire: thc^ pafs the fummtr on the
banks of rivers, and the winter at the
foot of fome mountain, which ihelters
them from the cutting n wind. They
arc naturally clownilh, and dirty in
their drefs, as well as in their tents,
where they liv^ amid the dung of their
flocks, which, when dtied, they nfe for
fuel. Enemies to labour, they choofe
rather to be fatisfied with the food which
their flocks fupply them, than take the
trouble of cultivating the earth : it even
appears that they negledt agricufture
from pride. During the fummer, they
live only on milk, uung without diftinc-
tion that of the cow- mare, ewe, goat,
and camel. Their ordinary drink is
warm water, in which a little coarfe
tea has been infufed ; with this they
mix cream, milk, or butter, according
to their circumftances- Th«'yhavealfo
a method of making 3 kind of fpirituuus
liquor of four milk, efpecially of that of
the mare. The Monguls are free, open
and fincerc. They pride themfirlves
chiefly on their dexterity in handling
the bow and airow, mounting on horfe-
back, and hunting wild beaAs- Poly-
gamy is permitted among them; but
they generally have only one wife. They
burn the bodies of their dead, and oarry
the aihes to eminences, where they in-
ter them, and cover the grave with a
heap of ftones, over which Hikj plant a
great number of fmall ftandards. They
are unacquainted with the ufe of money,
and trade only by barter. Although
the Monguls might appropriate to.them''
ijelves the fpoils of a great number of
animals, the fkins which they ufc for
clothing are generally thofe of their
fheep. They wear the wool inmoft,
and the ikin on the outlide. The reli-
gion of the Mongul I'artars is confined
to the worfhip of Fo, They ha^'e the
moft fupeiflitious veneration for their
lamas, who are clowniih, ignorant, and
licentious priefts, to whom they attri-
bute the power of calling down hail or
rain : to thefe lamas they give the moft
valuable of their efTedls in return for
prayers, which they go about reciting
trom tent to tent. Thefe people are
very devout, and continually wear, hang-
ilfd on the If
rarUry, • by
id l4Ao>tong,
artary. The
either towiw,
f are wander'
' tentSt which
place to an>
different fea.
!ir flocics, rt-
nmtr on the
winter at the
vhich fliflterg
wind. They
and dirty in
1 their tents,
dung of their
, they life for
, they choofe
he food which
than take the
earth : it even
it agricufture
fummer, they
tbout diftinc-
re, ewe, goat,
tary drinit it
I little coarfe
itb thii they
er, according
rhi'yhavealfo
1 of fpirituuuR
ally of that of
are free, open
le themlelvvs
r in handling
ting on horfe-
jeafts. Poly-
p; them; but
ewife. They
ad, and oarry
here they in-
grave with a
tlicy plant a
darda. They
jfe of moneys
. Although
riate tothem'
1 number of
they ufc for
ofe of their
irool inmoftf
f. The relt-
8 is confined
ey ha^'e the
on for their
norant, and
I they attri-
lown hail or
ive the molt
return for
out reciting
people .ire
wear, hang-
MOM
tng at their, iteclis. a kind of duplet,
over which they.fay their prayeri. All
the MonguU are governed by khani, or
pAiticular prince»j independent of each
(>th<!r; but all tiibjcd to the emperor of
China, whom they confider as the grand
kiiau of the Tartars. All the Muiigul
tuitioui under the Chinete government
may be divided into four principal tribes,
which are the Monguls properlv fo
(billed, the KalkM^ the Ortout, and the
TArtars of Kokonor.
M ON-
the Uhyncy. or Rumney, wbkh divide!
it from GUmor|(aa(hlre, this county
has almoft peculiar to hfolf the river
Uik, which divides it, into two unequill
portions. Th« eafteni) part, and the
laiveft, «s a traA fertile in com and
paflurc, and well wooded ( and it
Abounds with lijnettone. The we(l«n»^
portion is mountainous, and. In great
part, unfatorable for cultivation i
whence it is devoted to the feeding of
(hei'D and goats. Monntouthfbire wm
Monktim, a town of Baviiria, in tlie formerly reckoned one of the counties
pniicip.ility of Neuburg, eight miles n
of Donawert.
' Monthmiam^ a feaport of N Holland,
which has nmnufa^tur^s of foap and
lilk. It is iiMtvd on a gut or frith uf
the Zuider Zee, ei;<ht miles nk of
Am(t«'rdam. Lon. 438 e, lat. 5a iH v.
Monhtrolt a town of France, in the
dopArtment of Upper Loire, 14 miles
sW of St- Etienne.
Monmouth, a town of New Jerfcy.
Set! FreeholJ.
Monmouth^ A town of the diftridt of
Maine, in Lincoln county, on the k fide
of the Androfcoggin, 15 miles w by s
of Harrington, and 48 N of Portland.
Moumcuth, a borough of England,
capita) of Monmouthfliire, with a mar-
ket on Saturday. It is governed by a
mayor, and fcated at the mouth of the
Monnow, which here joins the Wye.
Over the fornwr is a very ancient bridge
and gateway, once a barrier againft the
Wellh. It was formerly defended by a
wall and a ditch, and in the centre is a
caftle in ruins. Here w.as born '.he war*
like Henry v, called Henry of Mon-
mouth. It contains two parifh-churchos,
one of them engrafted on part of the
ruins of a jpriory, and both are curimis
ftriiduros. Tlw town lias no manu-
faftures ; but there are iron and tin
works in the neighbourhood, and fome
tra<1e in carried on with Hen ford and
Briftol by the Wye. It Is 18 miits s of
Hereford, and 1:9 w by m of London.
Lon. a 46 w, kt. 51 49 n.
Monmouthshire, a county of England,
24 mile.s lon^ and 20 broad ; bounded
on the N by Hereford fhire, k hy Gk)U-
ceilerniire, sb. by the mouth of the
Severn, and w and sw hy the counties
of Brecknock and Glamorgan. * It con-
tains 340,000 acres; is divided into
fix hundreds, and 127 pariihcs; has
feven market-towns ; and fends three
mcmbiTS to parliament. The numb>.r
of inhabitants in i8or was 4i;..';82.
pofide the Wye, vvhicli paita it from
Glouccfterfhire, the Monnow, which
fepurates it from Hurefordfhirj, and
of Wales ; and from the names of ks
towns and villages, its mountainoun
rugged furface, and its fituation bryoiid
the Wye, which feems to form a natural
boundary between England and Walea.
in this part, it certainly partakes moftly
of the chara£Ver of the latter country,
though now comprehended in the civil
divifion of the former. The higher ranks
generally fpt-ak Englifti, but the com-
mon people ufc the Welth languaiie.
The chief manufaAure of this county
is flannels.
Monoemugi, a region of Afirica, ne.ir
the equator, bounded on the if by
Abyflfiiiia, E by Zanguebar, s by Mu-
caranga, and w by Congo. This coun-
try is very little known to the Euro-
peans.
Monomotaf>a, See Mocaranga. .
MonoMiftiMa, a river of the United
States, which rifes in Virginiri, at the
foot of Laurel mountain, flows m by
Morgantown, where it becomi*s navi-
gable, then enters Pennfylvania* and
palFes by Uedfione to Pittibiirg, where
it meets the Allegany, and their united
(Iruams alfume the name of Ohio.
Monoptli, a town of Naples, in Terra
di Bari, on the coaft of the gulf of Ve-
nice, 28 miles E»K of Bari.
Monp4i'zier, a town of France, in the
dep.irtment uf Dordogne, 18 miles sw
of Sarlat.
Moatfuegna, or Monqtiequa, a town of
Veru. m the bifliopnc of Arequipa,
and capital of a teh-itory of it» name,
adorned with large vineyards. Its whole
co(nmerce is in wine and brandy, wfakh
are greatly valued. It is jqo loiles s£
of Arequipa. Lon. 71 40 e, lat. 17 31 s.
Monrealf, a town of Sicily, ia Val di
Mazarj, feated on a lofty hill, thtre
miles wsw of Palermo.
Mons, a ftrong city of the Nether-
lands, lately the capital of Auftrian
HainauU, and now the capital of the
department of Jemappe. The moft
remarkable buildings are the caUlc,^e
ailenal, the townhoui'e, and the great
church. It is a place of good trade,
I
M (3 N
liitteimllderable manufaAures of wool-
len ftuffs, and contains 25,000 inhabit-
ant!. Mons has been f«vcral times
taken by the French, Dutch, and Auf-
trians; the laft timr by the French in
1792, after the battle of Jem;.'^or. It
ftands partly on a hill, and partly on a
plain, on the river Trouille, 30 miles
saw of Brufll'ls- Lon. 3 5; B, latt 50
Xfir.
Monsaraa, a town of Portugal, in
Alentejo, feated on the Guadiima, 25
miles sw ofElvaa.
Memolf a town of Guinea, in the
country of Anziko, and the refidence of
the micoco, or king. It is 380 miles
>fE of St. Salvador. Lon. 17 16 e, lat.
40 s.
Manstiars. See Mouitiers.
Mont lilaKCf a mountain of the Pen-
Mine Alps, in Savoy, fo called from its
vrhite appearance. It is 15,662 feet
above the level of the fea, and fuppofed
to be the higlieft in Europe. The
French have given the name of this
mountain to the conquered duchy of
Savoy, as a new department of France.
Mont de Marsany a town cf France,
capital of the department of Landes,
feated on the Midoufe, 30 miles ne of
Dax. Lon. o 30 w, lat. 43 55 n.
Mont St. Michel, a Itrong town of
France, in the department of Manche,
built on a rock in the fea, which is ac-
ceffible at low water. Its late Bene-
diftine abbey fervcd at once for a caftle
of defence, and a flate prifon ; and the
prior of it was governor of the town.
This place pave name to the late mili-
tary order of St. Michel, founded by
Louis XI. It is 10 miles sw of Avan-
ches. Lon. i 30 w, lat. 48 37 n.
Mont Terrible, a new department of
France, including the late bifhopric of
Bafel and principality of Montbeliard.
It has its name from a mountain, and
the capital is Porentrui.
Mont Tonnerre,, a new department of
France, including part of the elec-
torate of Mentz, the palatinate of the
Rhine, and the duchy of Deux Ponts.
It has its name from a ridge of moim-
tains, near the Rhine, and the capital is
Mentz.
Montabaur, a town of Germany, in
the late electorate of Treves, with a
fine palace, feven miles n uf NaiTau.
Montagu Island, one of the New
Hebrides, in the Pacific ocean, near
Sandwich iPuiid. Lon. 168 31 e, lat.
17 26 s.
Montagu Island, an ifland in the Pa-
cific ocean, 50 miles long and 1 2 broad,
near the v coaft of N America, at the
M6N
entrance of Prince William found.
Lon. 147 30 w, lat. 60 o k.
Montaigu, a town of France, in the
department of Vendue, »8 miles sse of
Nantes, and 40 nnw of Fonteflay le
Comte.
Montatgu, s town of France, In the
dep?rtment of Puy de Dome, 33 miles
NNW of Clermont.
Motttaigue, or Scherpenhtuel^ a town
of the Netherlands, in Brabant, famous
for a miraculous image of the Virgin,
vifited by a great number of people.
Itis 14 miles NE of Louvain.
Montalegre, a town of Portugal, In
Tra I08 Montes, 25 miles ne of Braga,
and 42 w of Braganza.
Montahan, a town of Spam, in Ar-
ragon, with a ftrong citadel, feated o«
the Rio Martin, 44 miles s of Saragofla,
and 92 N by w of Valencia.
Montalvao, a town of Portugal, in
Alentejo, on the borders of Spain, 18
miles NNE of Portalegre.
Montargil, a town of Portugal, in
Alentejo, 2<) miles se of Santarem, and
33 NNW of Evora.
Montargis, a town of France, in the-
department of Loiret. Its muftard and
cutlery are excellent ; and from the
river Loing is a navigable canal hence
to the Seine. It is feated near a fine
foreft, 15 miles s of Nemours, and 62 3
by E of Paris.
Montauban, a town of France^ in the
departm«nt of Lot, lately an epifcopxl
fee. Here are . manufaflures of filk
ftockings and ftuffs, ferges, Ihalloons,
&c. This town was taken from th«
HugKenots in 1629, and the fortifica-
tions were demoliihed. It is feated on
an'eminence, on the river Tarn, 20 miles
N of Touloufe, and 30 s of Cahors.
Montbazon, a town of France, in the
department of Indre and Loire, feated
at the foot of a hill, on which is an an-
cient caftle, eight miles s of Tours.
Montbeliard, a late principality of
Germany, infulated in France, between
the departments of Doubs, Upper
Saone, and Upper Rhine. It is 30
miles in length, and 24 in its greateft
breadth ; and belonged to the duke of
Vl'"irtemburg. It is now fubje(5t 19
France, and with the bifhopric of Bafel
forms the department of Mont Terrible.
Montbeliard, a town of France, in the
department of Mont Terrible, lately
ftie capital of a principality of t'.c f^me
name, with a large caftle on a rock. It
has a good trade in linen, leather, and
cutlery i and near it is a confirlerable
iron-mine. It ftnnda on the Savourtufe,
at its conflux with the Luzine (which
Ham found.
-ance. in the
miles ssE of
Fontenay le
ance>ln the
me, 33 miles
euett a town
>ant, famous
I the Virgin,
• of people.
in.
Portugal, in
FE of Braga,
patn, in Ar-
ifl, feated on
of Saragofla,
Portugal, in
of Sp.iin, 1 8
Portugal, in
intarem, and
ranee, in the
muftard and
d from the
canal hence
near a fine
irS) and 62 a
ranee, in the
tin epifcopxl
ires of filk
s, fhalloons,
:n from th«
he fortifica-
is feated on
irn, 2o miles
Cahors.
-ance, in the
,oire, feated
ich is an an-
Tours.
icipality of
ce, between
lbs, Upper
It is 30
its greateft
the duke of
fubjoft X.9
»ric of Bafcl
nt Terrible.
■ance, in the
ibie, lately
of t'ic fiime
a rock. It
eather, and
.•onfiderable
Savour^ufe,
eine Cwbicb
M O N
foon after joins the Doubs) 16 miles w
of Porentrui, and 47 ene of Befan^on.
Lon. 6 56 E, lat. 47 ,io n,
Montbrison, a town of France, capital
of the department of Loire, celebrated
for its medicinal waters. It is feated
on the Vc/ize, 40 miles Wbw of Lyon,
and "^6 ssk of Moulins. Lon. 4 7 e,
lat. 45,^4 N.
Montdauf>hin, a town of France., in
the departm<?nt of Upper Alps, feated
on a craggy moimtain, nlmoft fiirroimd-
fd by the Durance, 12 miles ne of
£mbrun.
Montelidier, a town of France, in the
(li'partraent of Somme, where the kings
of France formerly had a palace. It is
felted on a mountain, ax miles SiSE of
Amiens, and 58 n by E of Paris.
Monte Airino, a town of Tufcany,
famous for producing the bell wine in
Italy, called Mufcatclla di Monte Al-
cino. It is 24 miles sse of Sienna.
Monte AUo, a town of Italy, in the
marquifate of Ancona, 14 miles ssw of
Ftrmo.
Monte Cassino, a town of Naples, in
Terra di Lavoro, with a celebrated Be-
neiliftine abbey, 18 miles ssf. of Sora.
Monte ChrisiOt a town, bay, and cape
on the N fide of St. Domingo. The
cape is a high, hill, in the form of a tent,
called by the French Cape la Grange.
Lon. 71 50 w, lat. 19 54 n.
Monte Falco, a town of Italy, in the
duchy of Spoletto, near the river Cii-
tunno, i» miles w of Spoletto.
Monte Falcone, a town of Italy, in
Friuli, with a cadle, near the river Pon-
zano, 18 miles wnw of Trieft.
Monte lias coney a town of Italy, in
the patrimony of St. Peter, near the
lake Bolfeiia, 12 miles nnw of Viterbo.
Monte Fossoli, a town of Tufcany, in
the Pifano, 18 miles e by n of Leghorn.
Monte Leone, a town of Naples, in
Ca'abria Ulteriore, 1 2 miles nne of Nico-
tcra.
Monte Leone, a town of Naples, in
Principato Ulteriore, nine miles n of
Bcnevento.
Morfe Marano, a town of Naples, in
Principato Ulteriore, near the river
Calore, \i\ miles s of Bcnevento.
Monte P/loso, a town of Naples, in
BiUlicata, near the river Bnfienlo, 14
miles E of Acertnza.
Montr Pulriaiin, a town of Tufcany,
in ttif; Sicudi*, ft.attd near the Chiana,
in a couniry noted lor excellent wine,
28 miles SE of Sienna.
Monte St Angela, a town of Naples,
in Cnpitanata, fcvcn miles r; uf Maiitic-
dunia.
M O N
Monte Santo, formerly MvUnt Atbos,
a lofty mountain of European Turkey,
in Macedonia, on the gulf of Contefla,
17 miles s of Salonichi. it is inhabited
by Greek monks, who have fsven con-
vents built like forts.
Monte Felino, a mountain of Italy,
fuppof^d to be the moll lofty part of
the Ap«?nnines, and 8400 feet above the
level of the Mediterranean. It is 46
miles NE of Rome.
Monte Verde, a town of Naples, in
Pnncipato Ulteriore, 16 miles ne oF
Conza.
Monte Fileo, a feaport of Paraguay,
with a fort. Th^ tovi-n is fii.roiinded
by a ftrong V'-.ll, and tiie principal
trade conlifts in hides. It was taken by
the Engliih in Feb. 1C07; but eva-
cuated in September. It is feated at
the toot of a lofty conical mountain,
on the N fide of the river Plata, 60
miles from its mouth, aud 140 e of
Buenos Ayrcs. Lon. 53 25 w, lat. 34 ^
Montechio, a town of Ualy, in the
Modenefe. The French defeated tlie
Auftrians near this place in 1796- It is
eight miles nw of Rtggio.
Montego, a feaport, on a bay of the
fame name, on the n fide of the ifland
of Jamaica. In 1795, a fire confumed
an immenfe qu;intity of ftores, and
great part of the town. Lon. 78 5 w,
lat. 18 40 N.
Montelimart , a town of France, in
thf department of Drome, with an
ancient citadel, and manufaftures of
wool, filk, and leather. It is feated in
a fertile plain, near the Rhone, 25 miits
s of Valence, and 30 n of Orange.
Montemor Novo, a town ot Portu-
gal, in Alenttjo Haled on the Canna,
J 5 miles WNW of Lvora, and 50 e by 3
ol Liibon.
Montemor Fdhn, a vown of Portu-
gnl, in Bcira, with a caftic fealtfd ou
the Mondego. 10 miles sw of Coimbra,
and 83 N by e of Lifboii.
Montereau, a town of Fi'ance, io the
department of Seine and Marne. It
has a trade in corn, checfe, and cloth,
and is feated on the Seine, at the influx
of the Yonne, 15 miles sf. of Melun.
Monterei/, a feaport ot New Albion,
capital of the whole country and of a
juril'didion of it,3 name. It compre-
hends an area of 300 yards long by 2 50
wide, is walled round, and has a fort,
with a finall kind" of blockhoufe a little
.'ibove the top of the wall, at.e^ch cor-
ner of the Iquare. . It Hands on the se
nart of a fpacious open bay of the fame
name. Low. 131 34 w. Kit. ^7 6 n.
M O N
Memesat a town and fortrfcfs oF Spain,
in Valencia. It is the Teat of an order
f)f kni|[hthood of the fame name, and
nine miles ssw of Xatira.
Mo»tesqmeih a town of France, in the
department of Upper Garonne, 15 miles
ssE of Touloufe.
Motttetquiou, a town of France, tn
the department of Gers, 11 miles wsw
of Auch.
Mont/errand, a- town of France, now
a fuburb to Clermont. ^ y
Mont/errat, a late duchy of P'ed-
mont, to the w of the Milanefe, and w
of the territory of Genoa, from which
it is feparated by the Apennines. It is
very fertile and well cultivated, abound-
ing in corn, wine, oil, and filk. It v^as
fubjeft to the duke of Savoy? and the
capital was Cafal. See Piedmont.
Montfort, a town of France, in the
department of Seine and Oife, 1 6 miles
•w of Verfailles.
Montfort, a town of France, in the
department of Ille and Vilaine, la miles
w of Rennes.
Mont/orti a fortified town of Hol-
land, in Utrecht, feated on the Yflel,
feven miles sw of Utreeht.
Montfortt a town of Germany, in
Tyrol, fix miles n of Feldkirch.
Montgat%t or Munkatsy a town of
Lower Hungary, in the county of Percc-
zas, with a fortrefs compofcd of three
caftles, feated on a craggy rock. It is
encompafled by a great morafs; and
nature and art have rendered it almoft
impregnable. It wa6 di'ftnded three
years by the princcfs Ragotfty, wife of
count Tekeli, when befieged by the
Auftrians, to whom it furrendered in
1688. It is 52 miles ese of Caflbvia.
Lon. SI 55 E, lat. 48 36 s.
Montgomery y a borough of Wale5,
capival of Montgomery (hire, with a
market on Tuefday. It had a tower
and a caftle, which were demoliftied in
t!ie civil wars. It Hands on the fide of
a hill, 84 miles sw of Shrewlbury, and
168 Nw of London. Lon. 3 5 w, lat.
$% 26 N.
Montgomery shiret a county of Wales,
36 miles long and 34 broad; bounded
on the N by Merionethfhire and Den-
bighlhire, ne and e by Shropfiiire, s by
Radnorfliire, swjby Cardiganfhire, and
w by Merionethlhire. It contains
500,000 acres; is divided into nine
hundreds, and 47 pariihes; and has
five ma»4:ct.towns. The number of
inhabitants in 180 1 was 47.978 ;, and it
fends two members to parliament.
Though barren and mountainous in
inapf parts^ it ha« a greater mixture of
MO N
fertile vale and plain than feveral of the
Wel(h counties. Its riches proceed
from its fheep and wool, the hilly tradb
being almoft entirely ftieep-walke ; and
the flocks, like thofe of Spain, are driven
from diftaht parts to feed an them dur-
ing the fummer. This county alfo
Affords mineral treafures, particularly
lead; and it abounds with flate and
lime; but there is no coal. Its prin-
cipal rivers are the Severn, Vymew,
and Tannat.
Montguym, a town of France, in the
department of Lower Charente, 43 miles
SSE of Saintes.
Montiely a town of Spain, in New
Caftile, zi miles w of Alcaraz, and 7*
ESE of Calatrava.
Montignac, a town of France, in the
department of Dordogne, ai miles ese
of Perigueux.
Montil/n, a town of Spain, in Cordova,
18 miles SSE of Cordova.
Montjoyy a tow.; of France, in the
department of Roer, lately of Germany,
in the duchy of Juliers. It has a for-
tified caftle on a hill, and is fitunte
among rugged rocks, ^9 miles s of Ju-
liers.
Mont'fviUiersy a town of France, in
the department of Lower Seine, fix
miles N of Havre.
Montlieu, a town of France, in the
department of Lower Charente, 40 miles
SSE of Saintes.
Montlouisy a town of France, in the
department of Eaftern Pyrenees, with a
regular fortrefs, on a rock at the foot of
the Pyrenees, for the protedlion of the
frontiers. It is 40 miles w by s of
Pefpignan, and 430 8 of Paris. Lon. a
5 E, lat. 4a 3« N.
Montlufon, a town of France, in the
department of Allier, feated ci the
Cher, 35 miles wsw of Moulins.
Montluely a town of France, in the
department of Ain, feated on the Se-
raine, nine miles se of Trevoux.
Montmaratdt, a town of France, in
the department of AUicr, aS miles sw of
Moulins.
Mcntmedy.^ a town of France, in the
department of Meufe, feated on the
Cher, which divides it into the upper
and lower town, ai miles n of Verdun.
Mantmeliatit a town of Savoy, with a
caftle; taken by the French, in 1705,
who. demoliflied the fortifications. It
is eight miles sr of Chamberry, and 27
NE of Grenoble.
Monlmirel, a town of France, in the
department of Marne, 40 miles w by s
of Chalons, and 55 e of Paris.
Montmorency, a town of Fraicc, in
I feveral of th«
iches proceed
the hilly tradlb
:p-walk8; and
tain, are driven
•n. th«in dur-
) county alfo
1, particularly
irith flate and
oal. Its prin-
?em, Vymow,
France, in the
irente, 43 miles
pain, in New
Icaraz, and 7*
France, in the
', 21 miles £s£
in,inCordov.i,
France, in the
y of Germany,
It has a fur-
and is fituatc
miles s of Ju.
of France, in
ver Seine, fix
France, in the
irente, 40 miles
France, in the
^renecs, with a
c at the foot of
)tedlion of the
!8 w by s of
Paris. Lon. z
France, in the
eated ct the
oulins.
ranee, in the
d on the Se-
revoux.
of France, in
zi miles sw of
France, in the
eated on the
ito the upper
N of Verdun.
Savoy, with a
nch, in 1705,
fications. It
berry, and 27
I
'ranee, in the
miles w by s
■aris.
f Fraace, in
MON
the de^rl ^nt of Seine and Oife, fcat-
ed near the Seuit, 10 miles w of Paris.
Montmorillont a town of France, in
the department of Viennc, feated on the
Gartempe, over which is a bridge, 25
miles SE of Poitiers.
MontpeUier^ a city of France, capital
of the department of Herault, and a
bifhop's fee, with a citadel, a univer-
fity, m which is a fchool of medicine,
and a botanic garden. The cathedral
was ruined by the Huguenots, but has
been ivt'y rebuilt. The trade confifts
in filks, blankets, carpets, cotton goods,
printed calicos, gauzes, hides- cordials,
perfumed waters, h?>>^ '' ..«ier, and ver-
digrife. The air is extremely healthy,
and many invalids refort hither, from
all parts, to recover their health. Mont-
pellier is feated on a hill, five miles from
the Mediterranean, near the Lez, a
fmall navigable river, and on the rivulet
Merdanfon, which is conveyed into dif-
ferent parts of the c'ty by fubterrane-
ous canals. It is 27 miles sw of Nifmes,
and 47 N E of Narboune. Lon. 3 52 e,
lat. 43 36 N.
Montfiensier, a town of France, in the
department of Puy de Dome, 20 miles
NE of Clermont.
Montreal, a fertile ifland of Lower
Canada, in the river St. Lawrence, at
the influx of the Utawas, which is the
boundary between Lower and Upper
Canada. It is 28 milts long and 10
broad ; and was furrendered by the
French to the Englifh, in 1760. It has
a city uf the fame name, built on the e
fide ; and from the river tiiere is a gra-
dual afcent to what is called the upper
town, in which is the cathedral, the
Engliih church, and the government
houfe. The inhabitants were eftimated
at 12, 000 in 1806 ; but the foitifications
and wails of the city being now demo-
lifhed, it is rapidly improving in exten-
fion. The chief ;rade is in turs, which
are fent to England. It is no miles
N of Crown Point, and 170 sw of Que-
bec. Lon. 73 II w, lat. 45 50 n.
Montreal, a town of Spain, in Ar-
ragon, with a caftle, feated on theXilcoa,
S5 miles nnw of Terruel, and 40 s by E
of Calatajud.
Montreal, a town of Sicily, in Val di
Mazara, and an archbiftiop's fee ; feated
on a rivulet, five miles w of Palermo,
and 50 N E of Mazara-
Montreal, a tovfn of France, in the
department of Rhine and Mofelle, late-
ly of Germany, in the electorate of
Treves; feated on the El/., ao mik» W
by N of Coblent7.
Montreuii, a -ftrimg t(m*n Qf France,
MON
in the department of Pt« de Calais,
feated on a hill, near the mrtiith of i\\c
Canche, 36 miles s of Calais, and 4a
WNw of Arras.
Montreuil Bcllay, a town of France,
in the department of Mayenne and
Loire, feated on the Touet, 10 miles
ssw of Saumnr.
Montrichard, a town of France, in
the department of Loir and Cher, with
a caftle, ftated near the Gher, it miles
SEofAmboife.
Montrose, a borough and fl'aport of
Scotland, in Angusfliire, at the mouth
of the S Eik, over which is a bi-idge.
See Inchbrayock, A little above the
town the river expands into a wide
lake, called the Bafin, inio which the
tide flo\v8, that at high water the town
is almoft furrounded by the fea. The
harbour is very commodious- and has a
dry and wet dock. A great quantity
of malt is made here; and there are
conliderablc manufaftures of canvas,
ropes, flieeting, linen, and thread. The
falmon fiftieries on tlie N and S Eik
fo^vti A valuable branch of commerce.
In iBoi, the number of inhabitants was
7974. At this place the Pretender
landed on the 22d of December, 1715,
and embarked on the 14th of February
following. Montrofe is 58 miles ne of
Dundee. Lon. a 21 w, lat. 56 41 n.
MontsaujiL 1, a town cf France, injthe
department of Upper Marne, 15 miles
s of Langres.
Montserrat, a mountain of Spain, in
Catalonia, 00 which is a monaftery and
chapel, dedicated to the Virgin, refort-
ed to by numbers of pilgrims. It i«
inhabited by monks of feveral nations,
who entertain. all that come out of de-
votion or curlofity, for three days, gra-
tis. This mountain is faid to be ten
miles in circumference, and 3300 feet
abovK the level of the fea, towering over
a hilly country, like a pil»' of grotto
work, or Gothic fpires. It is 15 miles
Nw of Barcelona.
Montserrat, one of the I ^'cvvard Car-
ribbcc iflands, difcovered by Columbus,
and fo named by him from its refem-
blance to the mountain mentioned in
the preceding article. It is about nine
miles in length and breadth ; and the
hills are covtred with cedar and other
trees. It belon};R to the Engliih, and is
.^o miles .sw of Antigua. Lon- 62 17
w, lat- 16 48 K.
Montzhigen, a town of France, in
the department of Rhine and Mofelle,
lately of Germany, in the circle of
Upper Rhine ; feated on the Naibe, i^
miles vv' by $ of Creutznach.
Gga
MO R
Manza^ a town of Italy, in the Mt
Iftnefe It' is famous for th«' treafiiry of
St. John thebaptift; where, among other
things, is the iron crown with which
the ancient Italian kings were crowned,
and afterward the emperors of Ger-
many whenever they were difpofed to
aflTcrt their rights, as kings of Lom-
bardy. Charlemapie was crowned here
ill 774, after taking Dofiderius king of
Lombardy prifoncr. It is feated on
the Lambro, eight miles ne of Milan.
Moofit Mountains of the, mountains
of Africa, extending from Negroland,
through Abyflnia, to the Indian fea.
They are high«r than thofe of Atlas.
Moorfeldsi a town of Virginia, chief
of Hardy county, fituate on the s branch
of the Potomac, 45 miles w by s of
Winchcfter. Lon. 79 so w, lat. 39 8 n.
Moorshedabady a city of Hindooftan,
the capita! of Bengal before the efta-
bliftiment of the Englilli power. It is
feated near the weftern arm of the
Ganges, 1 1 z miles n of Calcutta. Lon.
88 17 t, lat. 24 15 N.
Mooje Fort, a fettlement of the Hud-
fon Bay Company» on the s fide of
James bay. Lon. 80 2 w. lat. 50 34 N.
Mootapsllyi a town of Hindoodan, in
the Guntoor circar, at the mouth of
the Gondegama. Lon. 80 10 e, lat.
15.35 N.
Mora, a town of Portugal, in Alen-
tejo, on the Odivor, 29 miles nw of
£vora.
Mora, a town of Spjiin, in Catalonia,
on the Ebro, 18 miles n of Tnrtofa.
Mora, a town of Spain, in New Caf-
tile, 18 miles se of Toledo.
Morant, Point, the moll cafio-ly pro-
montory of Jamaica. Lon. 75 56 w,
lat. 17 56 N.
Morat, or Murten, a town of Swiiror-
land, capital of a bailiwic of the fame
name, with a caftle. It ftands on the
SI? fide of a lake of its name, lying
parallel with the lake of Neuchatel,
into which it llows by the Bioye. This
town fiiftsined a fiege ngaioft the duke
of Burgundy, in 1476, in which his
army of 30,000 men were all flain ; and
their bones are kept here in a charntl-
lioufe. It is 10 miles w by s of Bern,
ami 10 NE of Friburg.
Monitahz, a town of Spain, in New
Caflilc. 7% niile^ E of Ciudad Real.
Moratalhy a town of Spain, in Mur«
cia, ;i4 miles ssw of Chinchilla.
Morava, a river of European Tur-
key, which rifes in Bulgaria, and run-
ning through Servia, by Nifla, joins the
Danube, at Scmendria.
Moravia, a matquifatc of German y*
MO tl
bounded on the w by Bohemia, n hy
Silefia, e by Hungary, and s by Auftria.
It is a mountainous country, yet very
fertile and populous, and watered by a
great number of rivers and brooks.
-More corn is grown than the inhabit,
ants confume; .ind it produces much
hemp and flix. The principal manu-
fadnres are cloth, iron, glafs, paper,
and gunpowder. From this coimtry a
fed of Chriftians, called Moravians,
take their name, their dodlrines having
been firft taught here ; but the inhabit-
ants in general are Roman catholics.
This marquifUe belongs to the king-
dom of Bohetnia, but has its own form
of government; and is divided into
feven circles, Olmutz, Brunn, Iglau,
Znayni, Hradifch, Prcran, and Tefchen,
fo called from their chi(rf towns. Ol-
mutz is the capital.
Moraiv, or Marich, a river of Ger-
many, which has its fource in the
motmtains between Bohemia and Si-
lefia, croflTcs Moravia by Olmutz and
Hradifch, and receiving the Teya, on
the confines of Auftria and Hungary,
feparates thefe two countries as far as
the Danube, into which it enters, 15
miles above Prefburg. It has com-
monly the latter appellation till it re-
ceives the Teya.
Morbegno, a town of SwilTerland,
and capital of a diftridl in the Valtclinc
It is the handfomeft and moft commer-
cial town in the Valteline, and feated
on the Adda, 12 miles se of Chiavenna,
and 30 N of Bergamo. Lon. 9 36 e, lat.
46 8 N.
Morbei/s, or Ommirabih, a river of
Barbary, -.vhich rifes in Mount Atlas,
feparates the kingdom of Morocco from
that of Fez, and enters the Atlantic at
Azamor.
Morbihan, a department of France,
including part of ihe late province of
Bretagne. Vannes is the capital of this
department, which takes its name from
a bay between that town and the idand
of Bellifle. Its entrance is narrow; but
it extends within, and contains about
30 little idands.
Morcone, a town of Naples, in the
Molife, 19 miles sse of MoUfe.
Morea, the ancient Peloponnefus, a
peninfula forming the sf. part of Turkey
in Europe, to which it is joined by the
iflhnuis of Corinth, lying between the
gulfs of Lepanto and Engia. It is 180
miles long and 130 broad, and divided
into three provinces. The foil is fer-
tile, except in the middle, where there
are many mountains. It is watered by
feveral rivers, of which the Alp heus.
themia. N by
s byAuftria.
itry, yet very
watered by a
and brooks.
11 the inhabit,
oduces much
ncipal manu*
glafs, paper,
his country a
il Moravians,
brines having
It the iiih.ibit-
lan catholics,
to the king-
its Own form
divided into
)runn, Iglau,
and Telchen,
towns. Ol-
river of Ger-
jurce in the
>mia and Si-
Olmutz and
:he Teya, on
nd Hungary,
Ties as far as
it enters, 15
It has com-
ion till it re-
SwilTerland,
[the Valtelino.
fjoft comraer-
;, and fcated
>f Chiavenna,
n. 936 E,lat.
h, a river of
lount Atlas,
lorocco from
e Atlantic at
t of France,
province of
apital of this
s name from
nd the iflaiul
narrow; but
ntains about
iples, in the
)ponnc'fuR, a
rt of Turkey
)ined by the
jetween the
a. It is 180
and divided
r foil is fer-
where there
watered by
te Alfbeuti
MOR
Vafili-Potamo, and Stromio are the
chief. It was taken by the Venetians
from the Turks in 1687, and retaken
in 1715. The fangiack reddesat Mo-
don, but the capital is Mifitra.
More/la, a town of Spain, in Valencia,
which was almoft dc(>royed, in 1705,
by the army of Philip v. It is featcd
among high mountains, ^z miles bw of
Toitofa, and 57 nne of Segorbe.
Moresby^ a village in Cumberland,
with a harbour, two miles n of White-
haven. In and near it many remains
of antiquity have been dug up, fiich as
altars and (lones, with infcriptions on
them ; and feveral caverns have been
found called PiAs' Holes.
Moret, a town of Franco, in the de-
partment of Seine and Marne, on the
canal of Orleans, near the Seine, la
miles ssE of Melun.
Moreton Hampstead, a town in De-
vonfhire, with a market on Saturday,
and manufactures of woollen cloth and
yarn. It has the veftiges of two caflles
or forts; and in the vicinity are a Drui-
dical temple and a cromlech. It is 12
miles wsw of £xeter, and 185 w by s
of London.
Moretta, a town of Piedmont, on a
fmall river which runs into the Po, 16
miles s of Turin.
Morgan^ a wcftern diftridt of N Ca-
rolina, comprehending the counties of
Burke, Wilkes, Rutherford, Lincoln,
and Buncomb.
Morgantonun, a town of N Carolina,
in Burke cotmty, capital of Morgan
diftriift. It (lands near Catabaw river,
68 miles w of Salilbury. Lon. 8 1 ^3 w,
lat. 35 4» N.
Morgantoivnt a town of Virginia,
chief of Monongahela county, iituate
on the E tide of the Monongahela, 30
miles s by w of Brownfville. Lon. 80
10 w, lat. 39 34 N.
Morganz/i, a town of Pennfylvania,
in Wafliingtonf county, feated at the
union of the e and w branches of
Chartier river, which runs n by e into
the Ohio, five miles below Pittlburg.
Boats, carrying fi*om z to 300 barrels of
flour, have been built and laden here,
and fent down to New Orleans; to
which place the exports hence are con-
liderable alfo in bacon, butter, cheefe,
cider, and apple fpirits. It is 13 miles
sof Pittfburg.
Morges, a town of Swifferland, in the
canton of Bern, and capital of a batr
liwic, with a caftle. By its canal, goods
are fent to other parts from the lake of
Oeneva, on which the town is feated,
five miles wsw of LauAmne.
MOR
Morhange% a town of France, in the
department of Mofelle, ai miles s&e
of Mentz.
Moringen, a town of Suabia, in the
principality of Furllenburg, 14 miles
NNE of Schaffhaufen.
Moringen^ a town of Lower Saxony,
in the duchy of Brvnfwick, fituate on
the Mohr, 13 miles nnw of Gottingen.
MoritK, St. a town of Swiffcrland, in
the canton of Grifons, with a famous
mineral fpring, 25 miles nne of Chia-
venna.
Morlacbia, a mountainous country
in Hungarian Dalmatia, the inhabitants
of which are called Morlacks, or Mor-
lachi. They inhabit the pleafant valleys
of Koter, along the rivers Kerha, Cet-
tiria, Narent.i, and among the inland
mountains of Dalm.itia. They are faid,
by fome, to be of Wallachian extrac-
tion; but others think their origin in-
volved in the daiknefs of the barbarous
ages. The inhabitants of the feacoafl:
of Dalmatia tell many ftories of their
avarice and cruelty ; but if any fuch
events have happened, they ought rather
to be afcribed to the corruption of a
few individuals than to the bad difpoli-
tion of the nation in general ; for the
moft pleafing trait of charader among
the Morlachi is friendfliip. They have
even made it a kind of religious article;
for the Sqlavonian ritual contains a par-
ticular benedidtion, for the folemn union
of two male, or two female friends, in
the prefence of the congregation. The
male friends thus united are called firo-
bratimi, and the females posettremet
which mean half-brothers and half-
fifters. From thefe confecrated friend-
fliips among the Morlachi, and other
nations of the fame origin, it ftiould
feem that the fworn brothers arofe, a
denomination frequent among tht' com-
mon people in many parts of Europe.
The Morlachi are extremely fcnlible of
mild treatment, and when they meet
with it are ready to perform every pof-
fible fervice; but are implacable if
injured or infulted. '- heirhofpita'ityia
equally conlpicuous among the poor,
as among the opulent ; nor is their ge-
nerofity confined to ftrangers. but ex-
tends itfelf to all who are in want.
They have very lingular ideas about
religion, and the ignorance of their
teacher! daily augments this monftrous
evil: they are as firmly perfuaded of
the reality of witches, fairies, enchant-
meats, nodurnal apparitions, and for-
tileges, as if they had fcen a thoufand
examples of them. Segna is the capi-
tal.
M O R
Morlaiv, 4 town of Franc«, in the
depxrtTQent of Finifterre. with a caltle
and a tide harbour. The church of
JJotre Dame is a Angular ftrirflure, and
the hofpttal very handfome. It has a
confiderable trade in linen, hemp, and
tobacco, and is iVated on a river of the
Ame name. 3c miles ene of Breft.
Lon. 3 51 w, M. 48 3.5 N.
Morluttda, a town of Sweden, in the
province of Sntoland, 41 miles n of
Calmar.
Morocco^ an empire of Africa, cotn-
prchending a confiderable part of the
ancient Mauritania, lying between s8
and 36 N lat. It is bounded on the w
by the Atlantic, n by the MeH ' terranean ,
E by Algiers and Tafilct, and fa by Da-
rah. Its greateft length is above 590
oniles, but not more than 260 where
broadeft. The three grand divifions of
the empire are the kingdoms of Sus,
Morocco proper, and Fez. The foil,
though fandy and dry in fome places,
is fertile in others; and the fruits, as
well as the paftures, are txcellent, but
the country is not properly cultivated.
The inhabitants are'jVJahomenns, of a
tawny copiplexion, robuft, and very
ikilful in managing a horfe, and wield-
ing a lance : they are jealous, deceitful,
fuperftitious, and cruel. There are two
forts of inhabitants; the Arabs, who
dwell in moveable villages, compofed of
about 100 tents; and the BereberieH,
who are the ancient inhabitants, and
live in,cities and towns. There are a
great number of Chriflian fluves, and
fome merchants upon the coaft, bcfide
a multitude of Jews, who can y on al-
moft all the trade; efpecially by land
with the Negros, to whom ihey fend
large caravans, which travel over vaft
defcrts, almoft deftitute of water. They
carry with them woollen goods, filk,
felt, &c. and, in return, have flavps,
gold-duft, and elephantr. tei'th. They
alfo fend large caravans to Mecca cveiy
year, partly out of devotion, and partly
for trade, confiding of feveral tb<*ufand
pamels, horfes, and mules. Befide
woollen goods, their commodities arc
Morocco leather, indigo, cofchineal, and
Oftriches feathers ; in return for which
they have filks, muflins, caiicos, coftl-e,
and drugs. In the dtferts arc lions, ti.
gers, leopards, and ferpents of feveral
kinds. The fruits are dates, figs, al-
monds, lemons, oranges, pomegranates,
and many others. There is al(b flaji
and h mp, but little timber. Th« «»-
pcror is abfolutc, his will being a laW,
and he often exercifes great crU*ltie«.
MO R *
His naval force confifts chiefly of roTeri ,
who now and then take large prizes.
He can bring 100,000 men into the
field, half of which are foot and half
horfe ; but they are poorly armed, aud
knwv little of the art of war.
Morocco, a city of the kingdom of
Morocco, feated in a beautiful vailty,
formed by a chain of mountains on the
N, and thofe of Atlas on the s and E.
Though one of the capitals of the em-
pire (for there are two others, Mequi-
nez and Fez) it has nothing to rtcom-
mend it but its great extent and the
royal palace. It is inclofed by ftroi:g
walls, the circumference of which is
eight milts: they are flanked by fquare
towers, and furrounded by a wirfe and
deep ditch- The mofques are more
numerous than magnificent. Thrfbeft
hoiifes are incloftd in gardens; but the
generality of them ferve only to imprefs
the traveller with the idea of a miferable
and deferted city. The Jews, who arc
numerous, have a Separate town, walled
in, and under the charge of an alcaid,
appointed by the emperor. It has twQ
gates, which are regularly Ihut every
evening at nine ; after which no pcrfon
can enter or depart, ti41 they are opened
the next morning. They have a market
of their own ; and when they enter a
Moorifli town, market, or palace, they
ai-e compelled to be barefooted. Mo-
rocco is 90 miles F. of Magador, and
400 s of Gibraltar. Lon. 7 15 w, lat.
50 SI N.
Moron, a town of Spain, in Andalufia,
near which is a mine of precious ftones.
It is 30 miles se of Seville.
Mcrotoi, one of the Sandwich illes,
fcvcn mflt'S WNW of Mowee. Yams
are its principal produce; but it has
little wood. The coaft, on the s and
w fides, forms feveral bays. Lon. 1151
14 w, lat. u !o N.
Morpeth, a borough in Northumbcr-
l.ind, with a market on Wedntfday. It
ftands on the N bank of the Wanfpeck,
and on the oppofite fide is thiv church,
and a caftle in ruins. Near the bridge
is ihe county gaol ; and here is a free-
fchool founded by Kdward vi. It is
15 miles N of Newcaftte, and 489 n by
w of LoiidoB,
Morrisier^un, a town of New Jerfey,
capital of Morris county, with two
churches, and an academy. It is 19
miles Nw of Newark, and 70 ne of
Trenton.
Monona, a town of Naples, in the
Moliff, 14 miles ne of Molife.
Mcrta^ne, a town of France, in the
M O S
department o/ Orne, famous for its
ferges and tannerku. It is ic) miles ese
of Seez, and 70 wsw of Pans.
Mortagnci a town of France* in tlie
department of Nord> feated at the con-
flux of the Scarpe and Scheldt, eight
miles SE of Tournay.
Mortagnci a town of France, in the
department of Lower Charente, feated
untheGironde, a4mile8 8swof Saintes.
Mertagntt a town of France, in the
department of Vendee, where a battle
was fought in 1793, between the royal-
ifts and republicans, in which the ter-
mer are faid to have loft ao.ooo men.
It is 36 miles N of Fontenay leCompte.
Mortairit a town of France, in the de-
partment of Manchc, on the rivulet
Lances, almoft furrounded by craggy
rocks, ao miles E of Avranches.
Martar^t a town of Italy, in the Mi-
lanefe, and in the diftriA of Lumello,
22 miles sw of Milan.
Mortal/, an ifland, the moft northern
of the Moluccas, fubjedt to the fultan
of Ternate. It is 80 miles in circumfe-
rence, and thinly inhabited, but full of
Jago trees, which are cut by the people
pt Gilolo. Lon. 1 28 o e, lat. 3 o N.
Mortlic/i, a village of Scotland^ in
Banfffliite, fix miles sw of Keith. Here
Malcolm ti, in memory of a vlt^ory
gained over the Danes, founded a bi-
shopric, which was tranilated to Aber^
detn by David I.
Morviedro, a town of Spain, in Va-
lencia, on the iite of the ancient Sagun-
tum, with the ruin of a Roman amphi-
theatre, &c. It is feated on a river of
the fame name, 15 miles n of Valencia.
Mosa, a town of Arabia, in Yemen,
A5 miles N by e of Mocha.
Mosambique, a ftrait or ciianncl of the
Indian ocean, between the e coaft of
Africa and the ifland of Madagafcar.
It is narrowefl: in the middle, where it
is 240 miles over; and in this part, on
the continent, is a kingdom, ifland, and
city of the fame name.
Mosambiqtte, a kingdom of Africa, on
the e coaft, and in tnat part of the In-
dian fea which pafles between the con-
tinent and the ifland of Madagafcar.
The capital is of the fame name, lituate
on an ifland, chief of thn.'e iflands that
form a part of the kingdom. The
largeft, called Mofambique, is not more
than three miles in kngth, and half as
much in breadth, and is about two
miles from the continent. The other
two, called St. George and St. James,
lie on each fide of it, facing the conti-
nent. The iflands are in general fandy,
but in fome parts produce citrons^
M OS
ot'anges, and other fruits. The foil on
the continent is luxuriant and fertile in
rice, millet, fruits, pulfe, roots, and
other efculents ; and it feeds vaft quan-
tities ,of cattle, large and fmall, particu-
larly flieep with large Uils. Here aro
wHd beafts of various kinds, as flags,
boars, and elephants, which laft are fo
fierce and deftrudtive, \iiat the inhabi-
tants are obliged to kindle large fires
round their fown fields, to prevent their
being devoured by them. The country
is alfo rich in gold, which is waflied
down by the rivers in great v/jantities,
and makes a chief part of its commerce.
Ivory, ebony, flaves, and cattle, are like-
wife changeid for European goods. The
natives ftand in awe of^be Porluguefe,
who are the only Europeans admitted
into fome of their poi-ts, whence they
export the commodities already men-
tioned, alio filver, copper, and wax.
The city of Mofambique is faid to be
very handfome, and the buildings well
conftrudted, efpccially the churches and
convents; and the fort or caftle is about
a muikct fliot from the city. The fort
belongs to the Portuguefe, who have
generally a good garrifon here, a well
ftored magazine, and a large hofpital
for fick failors. Their (hips always call
here in going to the £ Indies ; and the
harbour is fo commodious, that whole
fleets may anchor and provide them-
felves with all neceflaries. Lon. 41 8
E, lat. IS 5 s.
Mssbach, a town of Ge.Tnany, in the
late palatinate of the Rhine, with a caf-
tle. It has manuiadtures of cloth and
fait, and is feated on the Neckar, 18
miles E of Heidelberg.
Mosburg, a town of Germany, in Ca-
rinthin, fix miles nw of Clagenfurt.
Mosburg, a town of Bavaria, feated at
the conflux of the Amber with the Ifer,
nine miles w of Landfliut.
MojcovT/' See Russia.
Moscow, formerly a duchy, but now
a government of Ruflia ; bounded on
the N by the government of Tver, E by
that of Great Voiodimir, s by the go-
vernments of Kalugo and Rcfan, and
w by tliofe of Tver and Smolenflco. It
is a fruitful country, and produces abun-
dance of excellent afparagus.
M0SC01V, a city of Ruflia, capital of
the government of Mofcow, and for-
merly of the whole empire. It is the
largeft city in Europe; the circum-
ference, within the rampart that inclofcs
the fuburbs, being 20 miles: but its
population does not currefpond with its
extent. It contains within the ramparts
£50,099 fouls, itnd is ftiU tlie moft po-
MO S
pulous city in the empire, notwithftand-
mg the reiidence of the court is ut Pe-
terfburg. Mot'cow ia diftrihuted into
the following divifions : i. The Krem-
lin, which is in the central and higheft
part of the city, furrounded by high
walls of ftone and brick, two miles in
circumference. This divifion is not
deformed by wooden houfes. It con-
tains the ancient palace of the czars,
now only remarkable for being the
birthpl.icc of Peter the great; alfo the
Cathedral with feven towers, feveral
churches with beantifiil fpires, two con-
vents, the patriarchil palace, and ihe
arfi'nal. a. The Khitaigorod, which is
mnch larger than the Kremlin: it con-
tains the univerfity, the printing-houfe,
and many other public buildings, with
all the tradcfmcn^s (hops. The houfes
are moftly ftuccoed or white-waflied ;
and it has the only ftrcet in Mofcow in
which the houfes ftand clofo to each
other. 3. The Bielgorod, or White
Town, which runs round the two pre-
ceding divifions : it takes its name from
a white wall, by which it was formerly
furrounded, 4. Stmlainogorod, whicfi
environs all the other three quarters;
and is fo denominated frcrm a circular
rampart of earth by which it is enconi-
pafled. The hit two diviiions exhibit
a grotesque group of churclics, con-
vents»palaceR, brick and woo(l<>n houfes,
and mean hovels. 5. The Sloboda, or
fubutbs, which form a vait exterior cir-
cle round all the parts already defcribed,
and are Invetted by a lo^v rampart and
ditch. Thefe fuburbs contain, befide
buildings of all kinds, orchaids, gar-
dens, corn-tields, much open paAure,
and fome fmall lak« s, which give rife to
the Neglina. The Molkva, from which
the city takes its name, flows through
it in a winding channel ; but, excepting
in fpring, is only navigable for rafts.
It receives the Yaufa in the Semlaino-
gorod, and the Neglina at the weftern
extremity of the Kremlin; but the beds
of both thefe rivulets are nearly dry in
fummer. Mofcow exhibits an aitonifh-
ing degree of extent and variety, irre^'u-
larily, and contraft; fome parts have
the appearance of a fequeftered defert;
others, of a populous town; fome, of a
contemptible village ; others, of a great
capital. The ftreets, in general, are
very long and broad : fome of them are
paved ; others, particularly in the fub-
urbs, are formed with trunks of trees,
or are boarded with planks like the floor
of a room. The places of divine wor-
(hip, including chapels, amount to above
1500: of thefe, 484 arepublic churches.
MO S
fome built of brick, ftuccoed orwhitc>
waihed, but the greater part are of wood,
painted red ; fome have domes of cop-
per, others of tin, gilt or painted green,
and many are roofed with worxl. They
are richly ornamented within ; and the
pictures of the faints are decorated with
gold, filver, and precious (tones. Some
of their bells are of a ftupendous fize:
they hang in belfries detached from the
church, are fixed immoveably to the
beams, and rung by a rope tied to the
clapper. It has always been eftecmed a
ni<-ritorious net of religion to prefent a
church with bells; and the piety of the
donor has been meafurcd by their mag.
nitudc. Accordingly, Boris Godunut',
who gave a bell of ,^36,000 pounds to
the cathedral of Mofcow, was the moft
pious fovereign of Kufliu, till he was
furpafled by emprefs Ann, who pre-
fentod a boll that weighed 431,00©
pounds, and is the largeft in the known
world. In the cathedral of St. Michael,
the fovereigns of Rnflla were formerly
interred : tlu'ir bodies are dcpolited in
raifedfepulchrcs, moftly of brick, in the
fltape of a coflin, above the pavement.
Each tonib has, at its lower extremity,
a fmall filver plate, upon which is en-
graved the name of the dcceafed prince^
and the time of his death. Upon great
feftiviUs, all thefe fepulchres are covered
with rich palls of gold or filver brocade,
ftudded with pearls and. jewelt.. Tiie
catliedral of the Afl*umptiyu>of the' Vir-
gin Mary is the moft magnificent in the
city, and has been loiig npproprvited to
the coronation of the Kuflian fovereigns.
The foundling-hofpital, 'founded by
Catherine 11, is an immeufe pile of
building, (./" a quadrangulair (hape, and
will contain 8coo foundlings. Mofcow
is the centre of tie inland commerce of
Rnflia, particularly connecting the trade
between Europe and Siberia. The na-
vigation to this city is formed by the
jVfofliva, which flows into the Occa,
near Kolomna, and that river commu-
nicates with the Volga ; and alio by a
canal to the Don, which river commu-
nicates with the fea of Afoph. This
city is 415 miles se of Peterlburg. Lon.
37 33 »i. lat. 5546 N.
Aloielle, a department of France, in-
eluding part of the late province of
Lorrain. It takes its name from a river,
which rifes in the Vofges, waters Epinal
and Toul, receives the Meurte below
Nancy, and paffing by Metz, Thion-
ville, and 'I'reves, enters the Rhine at
Cobleiitz. Metz is the capital.
Mosenia, a town of Perfia, in the pro-
vince of Chuiiftan, zt, miles sw of Suftcr,
M O S
Moskoe. See Maehtroom,
Mosquito Shore, a country of New
Hpuin, on the Atlantic ocean, contain-
iii|!; the eallern part of the provinces of
Honduras and Nicurngua.. In magni-
tude it exceeds Portugal i is well wa-
tered by navigable rivers and lakes;
abounds in fifti, gnme, and provifionsof
all forts; furnifhes every necelTary for
raifing cittle and (lock; and clothed
w ith woods producing timber for every
purpofe at Itiiid or ftu. The foil is fu-
perior to that of the W India ifl;uid3;
the climate is more fiilubrious ; and the
deftru<flive ravages of hurricanes and
earthquiikes have never beer, known
here. The Mofquito Indians are fo fi-
tuue between morafles and inacceflible
mountains, and acouft full of rocks and
(hoiils, that no attempt'^ againft them by
the Spaniards, whom they mortally
h;ite, could ever fucceed. When the
iluke of Albemarle was governor of
Janiiiicd, they fpontiineoufly put them-
fVlvos under the protection of the crown
of Great Britain ; and the king of the
Mofquitos received a commiflion from
his grace, under the feal of that ifland j
after which time, they were ftcady in
tbeir alliance with the Englifli, and very
ul'eful to them on many occalions. But
the connexion between the Engliih and
Mofquitos no longer fublifls. By a con-,
vention with Spain, in 1786, the En-
glifli, in cnnfideration ofcertiunccffions
on the coaft of Jucalan, agreed to eva-
cuate this country.
Moss, a feaport of Norway, in the
province of Aggerhuys, at the mouth
of a river of its name, on the k fide of
Chriftiania bay. Here arc many faw.
mills, and a large iron-foundcry. It is
s8 miles s of Chrifliania. Lon. 10 48
E, lilt. ,<;8 38 N.
Mossiirc/i, a town of Suabia, with a
fiiie caftle, 21 miles n of Conftance.
Mostula, a town of the kingdom of
Congo, at the mouiii of the Onzo, zjo
niiici sw of St. Salvador. Lon. la 10
V; lilt. 7 50 S.
Mostagan, a feaport of Algiers, in the
province of Mafcara, with a Ciiftle, and
ii good harboiu-, 50 miles ene of Oran.
Lon. .^o E, lat. 36 20 n.
Mojt/ir, a foiiport of Turkilh Dalma-
tiii, and a Greek archbifhop's fee; feat-
ed on the Nirenza, ;o miles ne of Na-
lenziu Lon. 18 37 E, lat. 4;, 48 N.
Moiul, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in
Diiirbeck, furroundod by high walU,
«ind defended by a callle and citadel.
The houles are in fcveral places gone to
ruin; but it has a great tnide, particu-
ii^rly in cloth, and all forts of cottons
M O U
and ftlki. At feme diftance from r.Io-
ful is a mofque, in which they pretend
the prophet Jonah lies ; and they be.
iieve this town ftands on the fite of the
ancient Nineveh. The inhabitants are
Mahometans; but there are a greiit
number of Chriftians. In 1743, it waa
befieged by the Perfians, but to no pur-
pofe. In 175B, this city and the adja*
cent country were vifited by a dreadful
famine, in confequence of the preceding
hard winter, and of the innumerable
loctifts by which the fruits of the earth
were deuroyed. It is fcated on the
Tigris, 130 miles SE of Diarbckar, an4
190 Nw of Bagdad. Lon. 43 30 E, lat,
36 20 V,
Motir, one of the Molucca iditnds,
20 miles in circumference, and valuable
for its fpices. Lun. 127 o E, lut. o
10 N.
Match, a town of Naples, in Terra
d'Otranto, 15 miles nw of Taranto.
Motrico, a town of Spi^ii, in Guipuf-
coii, ori the bay of Bifciiy, 18 miles w
of St. Sebaftian.
Motril, a feaport of Spain, in Grana-
da, with a good harbour, feated on the
Mediterranean, .37 miles SE of Granada.
Lon. 3 a8 w, lat. 36 3* n.
Mottq, a town of Italy, in the Trcvi^
fano, at the conflux of the Motdgano
and Livenza, 18 miles ke of Trevifo.
Motta, a town of Naples, in Capita,
nata, three miles e&e of Volturara.
Mottling. See Metlitfg. ^ ^.
Movab, a town of Arabia, in Yemen,
and the refidence of a prince ; feated in
a fertile country, 90 miles sE of Sana.
Lon. 46 35 E, lat. 14 20 K.
Moudon, a town of SwilTerland, capi-
tal of a bailiwic of the fame name, in
the Pays d<t Vaud, with a caille on the
fummit of a mountain, la miles nne of
Laufiinne.
Moug-Jen, Spe Chen-yang.
MoitUns, a town of France, capital of
the department of Allier, and lately u
biftiop's fee. Its manufaiflure of cutlery
is in great eftcem; and the houfcs of
the late Chartreux, and of the Vifitation,
are magnificent. It :3 feated on the
Allier, over which is a fine bridge, 30
miles s of Nevers, and 55 N of Cler-
mont. Lon. 3 2o E, lat. 46 34 n.
Moulim en Gilbert, a town of France,
in the department of Nievre, at the foot
of tlie mountains of Morvan, five miles
sw of Chateau Chinon.
Moulins la Marclie, a town of Fraiice,
in the department of Orne, 24 miles nb
oj^AJenson.
Moultath a province of Hindooftan,
bounded on the n by Lahore, bby Delhi
*-..
MO IT
in& Ajtimfre, s by Sindy, and w hy
K'rda and Candahar. Its prodii<!>s av«
cotton, fngar, opium, gallu, Ailphur,
Sec. It was fubji^dt to the (Jciks ; but
Its capital, Moultan, has been garrifon*
ed by the king of Candabar ever flnce
Mmltan, a city of Hindooftan, ca-
Kital of a province of the fame name.
; is of a fmall extent, bi»t ftrongly foi-
tiRed, and has 9 Hindoo temple of
treat celebrity. Here is a particular
'.&. of Hindoos called Catry ; a tribe
*»f warriors, fnppofed to be the Cath«>ri
or Cathei, with whom Alexander ^v^r-
fed on the banks of the Malli. Monl-
tan is feated on one of the branches of
thclndus, 210 miles sw of Lahore, and
9 10 8E of Candahar. Lon. 70 40 %,
hX. 39 5a N.
Moultofiy South, a town in Dcvon-
fhire, governed by a mayor, with a
market on Saturday. It was anciently,
•with North Moulton (two milea didant)
9 royal demefne, and fent members to
Rarliament in the reign of fc'dward t.
Inch lime is made in the neighbour-
hood, and it has manufacfluresof ferges,
fltaloons, and felts. It is feated on an
eminence, on the river Moule, it miles
VB of Barnftaple, and 178 w by s of
Loiidon.
Mmmt Bay, a bay in the Engli/h
channel, on the s coaft of Cornwall,
between the Lands-end and the Lizard
Point. Within it rifes a lofty peninfu-
lated reck, called Mount St. Michael,
near the town Marazion, to which there
is a dry pnffage at low water.
Mount Desert, a fertile illand on the
eoaft of the dillrift of Maine, in Han-
cock county, 1$ miles long and is
broad. It is interfedted in the middle,
by the waters flowing into tht- s fide
from the fea ; and the n part is fepa-
rated from Trenton, on the mainland,
by a ftrait nine miles wide.
Mount HoUtf, a town of New Jerfey,
in Biirlington'connty, on the n fide of
Anocous creek,' feven miles sb of Bur-
lington.
Mountmellici, a town of Ireland, in
Q'.eons county. The wool-combing,
mahing, and tanning bulinefles, the
cotton manufaAure, and bleaching^ are
carried on here. It is five ndiles n
of Maryborough, and 42 wsw of Dub-
lin.
Mountrath, a town of Ireland, in
Queens county. In its neighbourljood
.'ire fome iron works ; but the wool-
len manufaiilure forms the ptTr^«;jpal
tradtf. It is fix miles wsw of Mary-
borough, and aj n of Kilkenny^
MOW
Miunfsnrrel, a town in Leiceftcrfliirp,
with a n\arket on Monday, feated on
the Soar, at the foot of a high mount
or rock, of a fnrrcl-coloureditone,wiih
which thh town is chiefly built and
paved. It is 2o miles sse of Derby,
and 105 NN'w of London.
Mowa, a tu.>ii of Portugal, in Alen«
tcjo, with an old caflle ; feated near the
contlux of the Aniila with the Guadia.
na, ,^4 miles mi of Evora.
Mouraon, a town of Portugal, in
Alentejo, with a caltle ; feated on the
borders of Spain, and near the Gua^
diana, :8 miles v. by s of Evora.
Mourzoui, the capital of Fez/an,
with a fortrefs, in which is the fultan's
f>alace. It is fituate on a rivulet, and
iipplied with water from a multitude
of fprings and wells. The medley
which it prefentsto the eye, of the valk
ruins of ancient buildings, and the hum-
ble cottages of earth and fand that
form the dwellings of its prelentArab
inhabitants, is fingularly grotefque and
ftrange. It is furrounded by a high
wall, with three g»tes, at which \t col-
lected a tax on all goods (provifions
excepted) that are brought for the fup.
ply of its people- Its commerce is
confidcrable, but confills merely of
foreign merchandife brought by the
caravans from Cairo, Boruou, Mefurata,
and other fmaller troops of traders.
Mourzouk is 290 miles s of Mefurata,
and 700 Nw of Bornou. Lon. 15 35 ^,
lat. 27 54 N.
Moussy, a river of Hindooftan, which
croHes the country of Golconda, and
runs into the Killnah, on the borders
of the circar of Palnaud.
Mouit'iers, a town of France, in tho
department of Lower Alps, with a ma-
nufadure of procelain ; fcatetl between
two craggy mountains, nine miles E
of Riez.
Mouitien, or Monstiers, a town of
Savoy, and lately an archbifhop's fee.
In its neighbourhood good fait is made.
It is fituate amid craggy mountains, at
the conflux of the Doiron with the
Ifere, 27 miles e by s of Chambery.
Lon. 6 ,^a E, lat. 45 32 n.
Mouzon, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Ardennes, with a manu-
fa<5ture of forges ; feated on the Mtufe,
nine miles se of Sedan.
Moivee, one of the Sandwich idands,
i<2 miles in circumference. A low
ifthmus divides it into two circular pe-
ninfulas, of which the caftern is double
the fize of the weftern. The mountains
in both rife to a great hei^yht, but the
country prefentu an appearance of v"ef>
.-^
.eiccftcrniirp,
|r, fcatetl on
high mount
ditone,wiih
ly built and
E of Derby,
g.i1> in AIen<
ited n<;ar the
the Guadla>
'ortugal, in
atcd on the
ar the Gua^
mra.
of Fez/an,
I the fultan's
rivulet, and
a multitude
rhe medley
;, ofthe valk
md the hum-
d fand that
proient Arab
rotefque and
1 by a high
nrhich \t col*
} (provi(ion$
; for the I'up-
lommercti is
nnerely of
ght by the
)U,Mefurata,
of traders.
if JMefitrata,
on. 15 35 Ht
oftan, which
conda, and
]e borders
ince, in tho
with a ma-
ed between
ne miles e
town of
)i(hop's fee.
alt is made.
:)untains, at
with tin'.
Chambery.
in the do
;h a manu-
the Meufe,
ich i (lands,
A low
:iroular pe-
rt is double
mountains
ht, but the
cc of ver-
M U O
iJiirc and fertility. Near the w point
(,t the fmaller peninfuia is a fpacioui
^y, with a fandy beach (haded with,
cocoa-iiut trees. Lon. 175 56 w, lat.
so 53 **•
Moyenvic, a town of Franco, in the
department of Meurte, noted for its
fait fpring. two miles tt li of Vie, and
16 t of Nancy. •
Mozyr, a town of Lithuan).i, in the
palatinate of Minlk, on the river P17-
nce, 130 miles sje of Minik. Lon. 19
90 E, lat. 5* to N.
Mscislaiu, a town of Lithuania, lately
the capital of a palatinate of the fame
name, but now fiibjeft to Ru(fi.i, and
in the government of Muhilef. It is
itated on the Sofz, 30 miles s of Smo-
itnlko, and 64 b by n of Mohilef. Lon.
j: 32 E, lat. 54 2it N.
Muche/n, a town of Upper Saxony, in
Thiningia,cight miles wsw of Merlburg.
Mucidan, a town of France, in the
department of Dordogne, on the river
Jlle, 18 miles sw of Perigucux.
Muckt nn ifland of Scotland, one of
the Hebi ides, four miles sw of that of
r.gg. It is three mile.< long, and a mile
bri<ad ; the foil in genetal good, and
the black-cattle thrive well. Kelp is
burnt on it fhorcs, and much oil ex-
tracted from the livers of the fiinfifli.
Miukenberir, a town of Upper Saxony,
in Mifnia, a'a miles ne of Mtiffen.
MuJania, or MunJania, a town of
Afiatic Turkey, in Natolia, on a gulf of
the fea of AJarmora. The commerce is
very confiderabic in grain, fruits, wine,
faltpetre, filk, and the manufaftures of
Burfa, which are brought here for ex-
portation. It is 17 miles N of Burfa.
Lon. 29 10 E, lat. 40 27 N.
Muei-y or Muehr, a river which rifes
in the duchy of Salzburg, crofles Stiria,
by Mueranj Judenbuvg, Muer, Grat^,
find Luttenburg, and joins the Dravc,
near Canifcha, in Hungary.
Muer, a town of Germany, in Stiria,
on the river Muer, 25 miles sw of
Gratz.
Miterau, a town of Germany, in Stiria,
with a citadel on an eminence, on the
river Muer, zz miles w of Judenburg.
Mu;^ehi, I\e-zu, a town of Upper Sax-
ony, in Milnia, with a cattle called
Rugcthal. Not far hence is th« village
of Old Mugeln. It is 18 miles w by n
of Meillcn.
Mu^ia, a town of Spain, in Galicia,
on the w coaft, 40 miles w n w of Com-
poftell.i.
Mug/ia, a town of Italy, in Iftria,
with a ca^le, and a harbour for barges,
five miles se of Triett.
M U L
_ MuglUz, a town of .Moratla, in Iht
circle of Olmutz, xi miles nnw of
Olmutz-
Atuhlbergy a town of Upper Saxony,
in Mifnia, with a caftle, fituate on tb«
Elbe, ,^0 miles nw of Drcfden.
MubfJorf, a town of Bavaria, on th«
N bank of the Inn, 23 miles ssE of
Landihut.
Mujtirar, a feaport of Spain, in
Granada, with a llrong ca(tlf> on a
mountain ; feated on a bay of the iVIe*
ditcrranean. 40 miles ke of Almeria.
Lon. I c/w, lat. 37 7 n.
Muirkirk, a town of Scotland, in
Ayrlhire,with manufadturesofiron and
coal tar, on the river Ayr, a6 miles S
of Ayr.
MulJau, or Moldau, a river of Bo- •
hcmia, which rifes on the confines of
Bavaria, and flows by Budweis and
Prague into the Elbe, oppolite Melniclj.
Mulbaujen, a ci!y of Upper Saxony,
in Thuringia, capital of a territory of
its name. It was lately an imperial
city, and the ir.htbitants, about 9009,
are Lutherans. Here are fome flouriih.
ing Ichooli, and .1 convent of Augnftine
nuns. It is fe.ited in a fertile coimtry,
onthcUnftrut, 17 miles NNwof Gotha.
Lon. icf37 E, lat. 51 10 n,
Mulhauien, a town of France, in the
department of Upper Rhine, with ma-
nuf.idluresofprinted linens and cotton^i;
feated on the III, 24 miles s of Cohnar.
Mulheim, a town of Weftphalia, in
the duchy of Berg, feated near the
Rhine, three miles ne of Cologne.
Muli'vaddyy a river of Ceylon, which
rifes at tlie f»ot of a high mountain,
called Adams Peak, about 60 miles nk
of Columbi), flows weftward and enters
the fea by feveral branches. The largeft
ofthefe, called the Mutwal, runs into
the fea three miles from the fort of
Cohimbo, and is navigable for boats
upward of 35 miles.
Mull, one of the Hebrides of Scot-
land, 28 miles in length, and in fume
places of equal breadth, feparated from
the miiilaiid of Argylelhire by a nar*
row paflage, called tiie Sound of Mull.
There are many good natural harbours;
and the ruins of feveral ancient caftles
are to be feen. The foil is, for the moft
part, rocky and barren ; but the hills
abound with fprings, and are covered
with fliecp .ind cattle ; thefe, with the
fiftiery, and a con iidrrable quantity of
kelp, are the articles of commerce.
The principal place is Tobermory.
Mulltngar, a borough of Ireland,
capital of the coimty of Wed Meath.
U iiokls a great wool mart, is a place
m
MUN
of good trade, and ftanda on the river
Foyle. 38 mileH w ot Dublin. Lon. 7
30 w, lat. 53 30 N.
AluUuva, a river which rifes in
Mount Atlas, dividrs the empire of
Morocco from the kingdom of Alftiera,
and runs into the Mcilittrnineiin Tea.
Mulrostt a town of Brandenburg, in
the Middle mark, fcated on a c:inal cut
between thf Sprue and Oder, 10 miles
•w of Frankfort.
. Munihbergy a town of Franconia, in
the principality of Mrfyreuth, 16 miles
B of Cuimnath.
Munthtnberg^ a town of Branden-
burg, in the Middle mark, with (ilk and
vvoollen manufacture*, 34 miles v. of
Berlin.
Mtitida, a town of Spain, in Granada.
30 miles WNw of Malaga.
MundcTit a town of Lower Saxony, in
the duchy of Brunfwick, fituatc on the
^erra. at thf inllux of the Fulda,
where their ui'ited Itroam forms the
Wefer. Coo<l millftonts aie found in
the neighbourhood of the town. In the
war ot 1756 it was fever«l times ji: tiio
hands of the Frtni:li, who did not eva-
luate it till 176). It h 10 mill s Nt of
CaOel, and 13 bw of Gottingeu.
MunJer, a town of Lower Saxony, in
the duchy of Brunfwick, on the river
Hamel, eight miles nnf of Hamelin.
Mwideriingeti, a town of huabin,
which lately bclongtd to the hou'e of
AuRria. It is feated on the Danube,
nine mil*- 8 n of Buchau.
Mundu, a town of Hindooftan, in the
province of Malwa, of whicii i' was
aiK'iently the capital. It was tlu . ,^
milt's in circuit, and contained many
monuments of ancient magnlHcence,
but it is fallen much to decay. It occu-
pies the top of a large and lofty moun-
tain, 46 miles s of Ougein, and no
NNW of Burhanpour. Lou. 75 47 e,
lat. 22 50 N.
. JMunglore, a town of Candahar, in
the country ofCabul, 125 miles w of
Cafhmcre, and 135 e of Cabul. Lun.
71 15 K, lat. 34 15 N.
Mungulhautt a town of HindooAan,
in fi<:ngal, with a manufacture of coarfe
cotton cloths, filuate on the Dmlali,
ao milts NNE of Rungpour.
Munich, a fortihtd city, capital of
Bavaria, and the fined town in Ger-
many. It containii near 40,000 inhabi-
tants. The houfes are high, and the
ftreets fpacious, with canals in in-iny of
them. The palace is a ftupendous
ftruflure, magnificently adsrned. The
cabinet of curiofities, the miifeum, the
library, and the arfena), merit attention.
MUN
The cathedral contains the tomb of one
orf' the emperors, of black marble, adorn-
ed with itatues of bronze. Among thf
numerous convents, the college for-
merly belonging to the jcfuits, and the
convent of the Thealines, are moft
worthy of notice. The large market-
place, in which is the tnwnhoufe, is
very beautiful. Here are manufactures
of filk, velvet, woollen cloth, and ta-
peftry. Near the city are two other
palaces, NympHenburg and Schlelheim.
Munich hai often been taken in the
wars of Germ.iny; and in 1796 and
1800, it was taken by the French It
is feated on the Ifcr, 33 miles esb of
Angfburg, and 6) s by w of Ratilbon.
Lon. 1 1 30 b, lat. 48 10 N.
Muniuis. See Motitguta.
Munwrstitdt a town of Franconia,
in the principality of VVurt/burg,
fituate on the Lauer, 13 miles n of
Schwcinfurt.
Mutiny peur, the capital of the country
of Caflay. It was taken and pillaged
by the Rirmans in 1774- It is 210
miles NNW of Ummerapoora, and 41Q
£ by N of Calcutta. Lon. 94 40 e, lat.
24 30 K.
Munsingftt, a town of Suabia, in the
duchy of Wirtemberg, with a calUc,
20 miles wof Uim.
Munster, a ',)iovinc(.' of Ireland, 135
rrilt'' long and j2o broad ; bounded on
the N by Connaught, k byLcinfter, and
s and w by the Atlantic It cont,»ins
the counties of Cine, Tipperary, Wa-
terford, Cork, Limerick, and Kerry.
The principal place is Cork.
Mumter, a principality (lately a
biOiopricl of Gern'.any, in the circle of
Well, 'i -lia; bounded on the N by £
Fn ll.uidapd Oldenburg, K by Ofna-
biirg and tlie counties of Diepholtz,
Lingtn, Tecklenlnirg, Ravenfburg, and
)L.ippe, s by the duchy of Wcflphalia,
ci unty of Alark, and duchy of Ckvv,
and "W by Holland nnd t he county of Ben-
theim. It contains 1360 fquare milts,
and is divided into the upper and lower
principality. Tlie chief rivers are the
Ems, l-ippe, Vecht. and Berkel. The
country is levtl, with ftime agreeable
heights, but no n^ountains ; and it has
fruitful plains, fine woods, extenfivu
heaths that feed much cattle, and good
quarries of (tone. In 1802, the bilhop-
ric was fecularifed and given as an in^
demnity to the king of Pruflia, by
whom, at the peace of TiUit, it was
ceded to Weftphalia.
Mumter, a confiderable city, capital
of the principality of the fame name,
and of all Weftphalia. It is environed
^
M U R
with double ditchen :ind r.impiirt«« and
had alfi) a ftronp citadel, which was
domoliflied in 176J, and rcpl.«ced by a
in,ifrnificcnt paLtcc. The cathedral, the
library of the chapter, and many an-
tiqiiitleBanr worthy of notice. In I'jj.?,
a tailor, called John of Lcyden, king of
the anahaptiftR, made himftrlf m.ifter of
the city; but it was retaken in J5;,6,
after 14 months iit'ge, and this fanatic
wan tortured to death with redhot
pincers. The famouB treaty, called the
treaty of Wcdphalia, was concluded
here in 16 ;d, which ended the religious
wars of 30 years continuance. In the
war of 1756 this city fuRained iieveral
fR'gfs, and was taken in 1759. It i»
feated on the Aa, 50 miles kne of
Wefel, and 51 wnw of Paderborn.
U)n. 7 49 F., lat. 51 55 N.
Mumtery a town of Swiflerland, in the
canton of Lucerne, is miles nnw of
Lucerne.
MmtJter, n town of Swiflerland, in the
canton of Grifons, 15 miles n of Bormio.
MunUer, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Upper Rhine, nine miles
wsw of Colmar.
Mumter EyffeU a town of France, ir
the department of Roer, lately of Ger-
many, in the duchy of Juliers, 16 miles
S3W of Cologne.
Mtinster Mcinfeld, a town of France,
in the department of Rhine and Mo-
fel!., lately of Germany, in the elec-
torate of Treves, i z miles sw of Co-
blentz.
Munsterbergt a town of Silefia, ca-
pital of a principality of the fame name,
nch in grain, flax, hemp, and hops. It
is foatcd on the Ohlau» 13 miles Nw of
NeilTc- Lon. 173 E,lat. 5031 n.
Munzenbergy a town of Germany, in
Wetteravia, with an ancient cafth;,
light miles s of Gieflen.
Murde liarrez, a town of France, in
the department of Aveiron, 3* miles n
by K of Uhodez.
Murano, a town of Italy, on an idand
of the fame name, one of the largeft of
the L-agunes of Venice. Here the fa-
mous Venetian looking-glalFes are made.
It is three miles n by li of Venice.
Murai, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Cantal, feattd on the
•Maignon, near its fource, ij miles nw
of St. Flour.
Munia, a province, formerly a king-
dom, of Spain, bounded on the N by New
Callik", E by Valencia, w by Andalufia
and Granada, and s by the Mediter-
ranean. It is 6a miles long and \58
broad ; and the principal river is Se-
gura. The foil is dry, and it produces
M US
little com or wine ; but there U plentr
of oranges, citrons, lemons, olives, aC
monds, mulberries, rice, p.iUc, and
fuj;ar. It has alio a great deal of filk.
The vale of Murcia is celebrated fortbe
variety and richnefs of its culture.
Murcia, a nty of Spain, cap til of a
province of the famt? name, and a bl-
ftiop's fee. It has a lofty cathedral,
and the ftairs of its lleeple may be af-
ccnded in a coach. The inhabitants
are computed at 60,000. There are
fine gardens about the city, in which are
the licfl fruits in Spain. It is feated on
the Segura, over which Is a bridge. 37
miles N of Carthagena, and 21a se of
Madrid. Lon. i 16 w, lat s'; 58 u.
Muret, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Upper Garonne, feated on
the Garonne, lo miles s of Touloufe.
Murfreesboroughy a town of N Ca-
rolina, chief of Gates county, fituate
on the Mcherrin, 30 miles e by n of
Halifax, and 40 n nw of Edenton.
MurharHt a town ofSuabia, in the
duchy of Wirtemburg, with a Benedic-
tine abbey, feated on the river Mur,
eight miles s of Halle.
Muro, a town of Naples, in Bafilicata»
feated at the foot of the Apennines, 14
miles se of Conza.
Muroj, a town of Spain, in Galicia, at
the mouth of the Tambro, zg milei w
by s of Compoftella.
Murray Frith, a conflderable inlet of
the fea, on the coaft of Scotland, be-
tween Tarbetnefs m Rofflfliire on the k,
and Brough Head in Murrayfbire on
the s. It extends in a sw dire^ion as
far as Invernefs, and thence w to the
town of Beau I it?, where it receives the
river of that name. At the point where
Fort George (lands, it is contra<5ted to
about two miles; above which it ex-
pands, forming the fine harbour of In-
vernefs, and then becomes again con-
traifled.
Mnrrayshire, or Elginshire, a county
of Si otiaud, 50 miles in length, and 20
along the coaft ; bout.ded on the n by
the fri I h of Murray, e by Banfflhire, 8
by InvLrncfsfliire, and w by that county
and Nairnfliire. It is divided into ig
pariflies; and the number of inhabitants
in 1 80 1 was 36,705. The s part is
mountainous, and occupied byrorefts;
but th»,' grcateft part is rich, and pro-
ducts wheat, barley, oats, and flax^
Til..; chief rivers are the Spey, Findhorn,
and Loflie. The county-town is Elgin.
Mur ten. See Morat.
Musa, a town of Arabia, in Yemen,
furroundcd by walls, 18 miles E of
Mocha.
M Y S
Musha, a town of Lufatia, capital of
a lo-dfliip of the fame name, with a
oftle, feaicd on the Neili'e, ^5 miles
KNW of Gorlitz.
Mvikingum, a river of the ftate of
Ohio, which nins s into the Ohio, -at
Marietta, where it is i8o yards wide.
It is navijjiable hy large barges, 1 10 miles
from ifs rnouth, and hy fmall boats 45
wiles further, to the lake at its head,
whence, by a Ihort portage, a commu-
nication is opened to iKike Erie. See
Caifakaga'
Muio, a town of Terra Firma, in
New Granada, on the Madalcna, 70
miles NNw of .St. Fe de Bogota.
MusselburfTi a fcaport of Scotland, in
Idinburgihire- nenr the mouth of the
Kfk, over which is a bridge to the fubui b
of Fifliemw. It enjoys many privi-
leges, and has fcvcn incorporated trades.
Jt is five miles e of Edinburp.
Mustafram, or Muityf^annim, a fea-
Sort of Algk-rs, in the province uf
lafcata, with a caftle, 140 miles wsw
of the city of Algiers. Lon. o 30 e,
Jat. 36 ao N.
Musuela, a town of Spain, in An-
dalufia, fituate on the Guadalqliiver,
fcven miles me of Jacn, and 50 n of
Granada.
MuteoJu, a town of Hindooftan, in
Myfore, noted for its rnanufuiture of
the glals that is nfed for making the
rings which are worn on the wrifts of
the native women. It is 34 miles w of
Sera.
MiitscheHt a town of Upper Saxony,
in Mifnia. In the neighlionrhood is
found a kind of cryftals, called Mutf-
chen diamonds. It is ao miles e of
LeipHc.
Muyden, a fortified town of S Hol-
land, on the Zuider Zee, at the influx
of the Vecht, fix miles kse of Amlter-
dam.
Myconi, nn ifland of the Archipelago,
30 miles in circumfi'rence. The foil isi
dry, and the mountains arc of groat
height. Here are plenty of partridges,
quails, woodcocks, turtledoves, rabbits,
.-)Bd wheatears ; alfo excellent grapes
and figs. Almort nil the inhabitants are
Greeks. Water is very fcarce in fnm-
mer ; but in the town is a l.irgc well,
the only one in the illand. The harbour
is open, and deep enough for thf largeft
lliips to ride fecure from the n wind.
Lon. 25 21 E, lat. .37 .^8 ^.
My sol, iin ifland, the moll eaftern of
the Moluccas, of a triangular form,
with a bold ftiore. The villages are
built in the water upon ports ; and there
are forcfts vifittd by the birds of para-
M Y S
dife, which are caught in great nnmbera.
Lon. 130 o E, lat, 20 s.
Mysore, a country in the peninfula
of Hindooflan, lying between the w
and K ridges of the Gauts. It (rxtends
from II 30 to 15 ON lat. and in the
N part from 74 55 to 78 35 w lon. but
diminifliing thence as it approaches the
s till it ends in a point. The N fide is
extremely irregular and indented, and
the middle part branches out above a
degree beyond that to the e. The
country is in general dry, rugged,
mountainous, and barren ; but there
are feveral rivers and mountain tor-
rents, which bjf artificial means ferve'
to water ricc-groUnds, gaidcns, &c.
In the forefts arc many ( lepiiants, and
tigers are common. Oxen, bufTalos,
and goats are numerous, and in the xi;
part many ftieep are bred ; but horfcs
and alles are few. The chief prod u(51s
are rice, cotton, pepper, cocoa and
betel-nut, fugar-cane, butter, and oil.
The whole of this country, with foine
other territories to the n and k, and tiie
provinces of Coimbetore, Malabar, and
C.mara, were fubdued by Hyder Ally,
a Muflulnian, who ufurped the throne
of Myfore, in 1759, and made Scringa-
patam his capital. He was fucceedcd
by Tippoo Sultaun, who continued his
father s ftate of warfare. On the termina.
tion of a war in 1792, Tippoo agreed to
pay thirty lacks of rupees, and to cede
one half of his dominions to the Englilh
and their allies, the Mahrattas and the
nizam of the Deccan. In 1799 a new
war taking place, his capital, was taken
by the I'lnglifli, on the 4th of May; and
hinifelf kill(;d in the alTault. A par-
titioti of his remaining territories took
placi: ; and on the 30th of June fol-
lowing, Kiftna Rajah was placed by the
Englifl) on the muinud of his fathers, at
Myfore, and that town remade the
capital of his prefent country. He
being only live years old, colonel Clofc
was appointed to be refident with the
rajah of >]yfore;and the northern
fortielilis cif Kagara,( hilteldroog, Sera,
and Nandidroog were garrilbned by
the Englifli, for which the rajah is to
pay feven lacks of ftar pagodas yearly.
Tlie ifland of Scringapatamwas retained
by the Englifli for provifion of tiie
families of Ilyder and Tippofj. The
dominions of the rajah oi .Myfore are
now divided into three great diflridlf,
Patana to the s, Nag.ira to the nw,
and ChatniUal to the Ni;. fy called from
the three places where lh.c chief officts
are fituate. The I'atana diltrid is bv
far the largeft, and of itfclf -a much
ti great ntimbere.
11 the peninfula
between the w
iits. It trxlcnd3
lat. <iik1 in the
1 8 35 w lun. but
; approaches the
. The N fide is
d indented, and
hes out above a
the E. The
1 dry, rugged,
ren ; but there
mountain tor-
cial means ferve'
, guldens, &c.
y (lephants, and
Oxen, bulTalon,
s, and in tlie ni;
ired ; but horfcs
le chief products
per, cocoa and
butter, and oil.
mtr.y, with fome
N and K, and the
)re, Malabar, and
, hy Hyder Ally,
urped the throne
id made Seringa-
e was fucceeded
ho cftntinued his
. Or. thetermina-
jl^ippoo agreed to
tees, and to cede
ns to the Engliih
irattas and the
In 1799 a new
3ital. was taken
4th of M;\y; and
afTaiilt. A par-
territories took
of June foU
as placed by the
of his fathers, at
n remade the
country. lie
colonel Cloi'e
fident v'ith the
the northern
tteldroog, Sera,
garritbr.ed by
the rajah is to
pagodas yearly,
am was retained
rovifion of tiie
Tippoo. The
of Myfore are
great diflridl?,
ra to the nw,
. in called from
Ih* chief officts
na dilh-ia is bv
itfclf a mucr.
NAB
greater extent of territory than ever
before wasfubjedl to the Myfore family.
MysQitt a fortified city of Hindooftan,
capital of the cou:itvy of the fame name.
It was ruined by the late two fultans ;
but fince the Englifti reftored the ancient
family in 1799, and made it the rajah's
feat of government, a palace has been
built, and its renovation will follow in
Courfc. Myfore is 10 miles s of Serin-
gapatam. Lon. 76 50 e, lat. la 15 n.
MiftiUne^ See Metelin.
Haasy a borough of Ireland, in the
county of Kildure, where the affizes are
held alternately with Athy. It was
NAG
In 1572, it was taken by Fernanda
de Toledo, fon of the duke of Alva»
und all the inhabitants were maifacred.
In 1672, it was taken by the French,
and retaken by the prince of Orxnge
the following year. It is fcated ou the
Zuider-Zee, 14 miles esb of Anifter-
dam. Lon. 5 11 e, lat. 52 19 m.
Nngamnngala, a fqu."re town of
Hindoofi:an, in Myfore, with a citadel
in the centn^ both fortified with mud
walls. In the outer town u wide ftreet
extends all round, with fhorl lanea oa
each fide to the out»tr nnd inner walU
In the fort are two large temples, and
a ruinous palace. It is 30 miles n (d
Seringapatum.
Nagara, or Ili/der-nagara, a city of
Hindooftan, capital of the NW diftrift
of Myfore. It was^ formerly called
formerly the refidence of the kings of Bidderuru, and by Europeans Bidde
Leinfter. It is 17 miles sw of Dublin,
and 16 NW of Leinfter. Lon. 6 4e w,
lat. 53 '3 N.
Nahy a river or Germany, which
iflues from Mount Fichtelberg, in the
principality of Bayreuth, flows :. through
the palatinate of Bavaria, and enters the
Danube a little above Ratifl>on.
Kabul, a town of the kingdom of
Tunis, celebrated for its potteries-
Near it arc feveral remains of antiquity.
It is feated near the fea, 3 a miles sse of
Tunis. Lon. 10 19 E,lat. .^3 13 n
nore or Bednore ; but received its pre-
fent name, in 1763, on being taken by
Hyder, who made it his principal ar-
fenal, and a place of great magnitnde
and commerce. It afterward declined,
being neither the feat of a court, nor of
any public works, except the mint. In
1783 it was taken by the Knglifti, and
retaken foon after by Tippoo ; but on
his final defeat, in 1799, it was ceded
to the rajah of Myfore, by the Engliih,
who keep a garrifon in the fort. The
furrounding country is hilly, and ovcr-
Niibl/urg, a town of the palatinate of grown with woods, in which are many-
Bavaria, on the river Nab, 10 miles BSE fortified defiles and pafl'es guarded hv
ofAmberg. the rajah's troops. Nagara pofl'eires no
Nablous, town of Afiatic Turkey, manufadtures ; but has ftill a conlider-
capital of a country which was the an- able trade ;,ii the produce of the country,
cient kingdom of Samaria. It is the which confifts of pepper, betel-nut.
refidence of a fchiek, who farms
the tribute to the pacha of Damafcus.
The foil of the country is fertile,
und produces a great deal of corn,
cotton, olives, and fomc lilk. The
inhabitants are fuch zealous .Mahome-
dans, that they will not fulFcr any
Chriftians to remain among them.
Nablous is 24 miles n of Jerufalem,
and 90 ssw of Damafcus, ijon, 35 24
E, lat. 3a 20 N. ^
Nadeegsda- I^ee Kurlles.
Natjl-ls, a town of Swiircrlaiid, in the
canton of Claris. la 1388, acekbrated
vidory was gained near this place, by
350 troops of Claris affifted by 50
Schweitzers, over 15,000 Auftriaus.
In memory of this glorious tratiiadtion,
a chapel was built on the fpot, which
was rebuilt in 1779- Naetxrls is four
miles N of Claris.
Naerden, a ftiong town of S Holland,
at the head of the canals of the pro-
vince, of which it is cynliJereJ the key.
fandal wood and cardamons ; and alfo
in a great variety of articles brought
hither from diftaut places. The city
couLns above 1600 houfes, befid'e
huts, and is now in an improviiig ftatc^^
It is 70 miles N by li of .Mangalore, and
1 50 NW of Seringapatain. Lon- 75 8 s,
lat. 13 48 N.
Naguz, a town of Candahar, in the
province of Cabul, on the river Cow-
mull, 70 miles w by N of Attock, and
130 s of Cabul.
Nagera, a town of Spain, in Old Caf-
tile, with a fore, three miles mw of
Cahihorra, and 138 N of Madrid.
Nagold, a town of Snabia, in the
duchy of VVirtemburg, with 4 ruined
cattle, litnutc on a river of the fame
name, 15 miles w of Tubingen.
Nagcre, a town of Hindooftan, in the
country uf Aginierq, 50 miles nw of
Agimerc. Lon. 74 48 E, lat. 27 9 n.
Nagpour, 3 city of Hindoottui, ca-
pital of thit part of Bciar which 1$
NAM
fobjeft to a chief of the Eafterti Mah-
rattas. It is extenflve and populous,
but meanly built ; and, excepting n
fmall citadel, 13 open and deff ncclefs.
It is 560 miles w by s of Calcutta.
Lon. 79 46 E, lat. 21 9 K.
Najft/i>anj'a, a town of Hungary, and
one of the royal free towils. The gold
and filver mines areof great produce, and
money is coined here- It is 39 miles
KKof Zatmar. Lon. 22 ^4 e, lat. 48 10 k.
Na/if, a river of i-'rance (lately of
Germany) which rifes in the depart-
ment of Sarre, abov«; Birkcnfeld, flows
thence by Oberftein, Kirn, Mcntzintjel-,
Sohernheim, and Creutznach, and en-
ters the Rhine, at Bingeu.
ij Najera, a town of Spain, in Old
j Caftile, 35 miles w of Calahorra, and
47 E of Burgos.
Nairn, a. borough of Scotland, the
county-town of Nairnfliire, with a fmall
harbour. It is feated at the mouth of
the Nairn, on the Murray Frith, 15
miles NE of Invcrnefs, and 120 n of
Edinburg. Lon. 3 6 w, lat. 57 38 n.
Nairnshire, a county of Scotland, 15
miles long and 10 broad ; bounded on
the N by the Murray Frith, andinclofed
on every other fide by the counties of
Invernels .md Murray. It is divided into
four parifties, and fends one member
to parliament alternately with Cromarty.
The number of inhabitants in 1801 was
8257. The s part is mountainous, but
toward the n it is level, and the foil
abundantly fertile.
Naisivan, a town of Perfian Ar-
menia, capital of a province of the fame
name. It v.as formerly a large city,
but ruined by Abbas i, who removed
the inhabitants into the interior parts of
Perfia. Here are now fome confider-
ablc bazars, caravanferas, public baths,
and other buildings. It is 90 miles se
of Erivan, and 250 e of Eraerum. Lon.
45 30 E, lat. 38 40 N.
Namslau, a town of Silefia, in Uie
principality of Bredau, with a caftle,
fituate among morafles, on the river
Weyda, 23 miles ese of Brcflau.
Namur, a cour.ty, and one of the ten
catholic provinces, of the Netherlands,
30 miles long and 20 broad ; bounded
on the N by Brabunt, and on all the other
fides by the territory of Liege and a
fmall part of Harnault. It is pretty
fertile ; has feveral forefts, marble quar-
ries, and mines of iron, lead, and coal.
The rivers Meufe and Sambre divide it
into three parts, nearly of equal extent.
By the new divifion of the French it
forms the chief part of the department
pf Sambre and Meufii.
NAN
Namur, a city of the Netherlands,
capital of the county of Na-nur, or the
department of Sambre and iVJeiife, and
a bilhop's fee. It has a cafllo in the
middle of the town, on a craggy rock,
.nrid feveral forts. Tlie inhabitants aic
elHmated at 20,001*. Fire-arqis, fwords,
knives, and many other kinds of cutlery
are made here. This city was ceded to
the houfe of Auftria by the peace of
Utrecht. In 17 15, it was allowed to be
garrifoned by Dutch troops, as one (rf
the barrier towns of the United Provin-
ces; in 1746, it was taken by the French,
but reftored in (748. In 17^1, em-
peror Jofeph expelled the Dutch gar-
rifon. In 1792. it was again takt-n by
the French, who were compelled to
evacuate it the following y(»ar, but they
regained pofleffion of it in 1794. It is
feated between two mountains, at the
confluence of the Maefe and Sambre,
24 miles W.SW of Liege, and 32 se of
Brufrtls. Lon. 4 45 e, lat. 50 29 n.
Nancy, a city of France, capital of
the department of Meurte, and a bi-
fhop's fee. It is divided by a canal,
into the old and new town. The firlt,
though irregularly built, is rich andpo>
pulous, and contains the palace of the
ancient dukes of Lorrain ; and their
tombs are in a rich faloon, which ad-
joins the church of the late Cordeliers.
The new town, whofe ftreets are per-
fectly ftraight, was already one of the
fineft in Europe, before the magnificent
works with which Staniflaus 1, titular
king of Poland, and duke of Lorrain,
enriched it. Tlie cathedral is a fupcrb
ftiufture. Nancy is feated in a de-
lightful plain, near the river Meurte, 92
miles Nw of Bafel, and 175 E of Parij.
Lon. 6 10 E, lat. 48 42 n.
Nandevy a town of Hindooftan, in the
province of Dowlatabad, 132 miles
NNW of Hydrabad.
Nandidroo^, a ftrong fortrefs ofHin-
dooftan, in Myfore. Since the reftora-
tion of the rajah, in 1799, it has been
garrifoned by Englifh troops. It is
25 miles N by E of Bangalore, and 64
ESE of Sera.
Nanfio, an idand of the Archipelago,
a little to the r of that of Santorini. It
is 16 miles in circumference, but has no
harbour, nor fprings iufficient to water
the fields. The inhabitants are all
Greeks, and their trade is in onions,
wax, and honey. The ruins c" the
temple of Apollo are yet to be feen, and
conlift chiefly of marble columns. Lon>
a6 10 E, lat. 36 15 N.
Nangasakii a city of Japan, in tbr
idand of Ximo. v.lth a good harbour,
l<Ietheriands,
•rnir, or the
iVJenfe, and
caftk* in the
raggy rock*
habitants ;ac
rqis, I'words,
ids of cutlery
was ceded to
the peace of
lUowed to be
■)9, as one of
iiitt'd Provin-
y the French,
n 17^1. em-
: Dutch gar-
;ain taken by
compelled to
car, but they
I 1794. It is
ntains, at the
and Sambre,
and 32 SE of
t. 50 29 N.
ce, capital of
te, and a bi-
1 by a canaJ,
-n. Thefirlt,
is rich and po-
palace of the
in ; and their
n, which ad-
ite Cordeliers.
;reet8 are per-
idy one of the
le magmficent
laus 1 1 titular
;e of Lorrain,
•al 19 a fuperb
ited in a de-
er Meurte, 92
75 E of Paris.
}ooitan, in the
13 a miles
Irtrefs of Hin-
:o the reftora-
|9, it has been
roops. It is
dore, and 64
I Archipelago,
iSantcrini. It
;e, but has no
bient to water
Unts are all
is in onions,
ruins r.' ibe
lobe feen, and
jlumns. Lon.
lapan, in tbf
tood harbour,
NAN
and the only one in the empire in which
f iieign Ihips arc permitted to anchor.
The inhabitants carry on a great trade
with the Chinefe and Dutch. The
latter are never fuffered to come into
the city, unlefs when their lbip» arrive,
and then they deliver up their guns
and fails, as pledges of their good be-
haviour- Lon. latt 4(> A, lat. 5% 32 n.
Nangu, a town of France, in the de-
partment t>f Seine and Marne, is miles
W of Fiovins, and 14 e of Melun.
Nan-kan^, a city of China, of the
firft rank, m the province of Kiang-fi,
featetl on the lake Po-yang, 63)- miles s
of Peking. Lon. 113 58 e, lat. 29 33 n.
Nan-kin^, or Kiang-ninjj, a city of
China, capital of the province of Kiang-
nai). It N the largcft in China, the
walls being 17 miles in circumference ;
but it is of an irregular figure, from the
hills within its area. It (tands three
miles from the Kian-ku, from which
canals are cut, to large, that veflels
may enter the town. It was for-
merly the imperial city, whence it was
called Nan-king, which fignitj.es South-
ern Court ; but fince the fix grand tri-
bunals have been moved hence to Pe-
king, it is called Kiang-ning in all the
public A&a. This place is greatly fallen
from it8 ancient fplendour ; for it had
a magnificent palace, which is quite
deftroyed, as well as many ancient
monuments ; and a third part of the
city itfelf is defo^ate. The ftreets are
narrow, but handfome and well paved.
The public buildings are mean, except
a few temples, the city gates, and a
tower of porcelain, 200 feet high. It
is 500 miles s by e of Peking. Lon.
118 47 K, lat. 32 5 N.
Nan-tigan, a city of China, of the
firft tank, in the province of Kiang-fi.
It ftands among plantations of fugar
€»ne, near the fource of the Kankiang,
and the foot of the mountain M<vlin,
aoo miles ne of Canton, and 900 ssw
of Peking. Lon. 113 38 e, lat. 24
4^ N.
Nan-ningt a city of China, of the firft
rank, in the province of Quang-fi, 114J
miles ssw of Peking. Lon. 107 45 e,
lat. 22 44 N.
Nan-tcbanjf, a city of China, capital
of the province of Kiang-fi. It has no
trade but that of porcelain, which is
made in the vicinity of Jaa-tcheou.
'f^e countiy isfo much cultivated, thi^t
the paftures are barely ftiificient for the
flocks. It is Aated on the Kan-tciang,
which flow« hence into the lake Po-
yang, 695 miles 8 of Peking. Lon. if$
30 E, lat- aS 36 K.
N A P
Niintes, a city of France, capital of
the department of Lower Loin?, and*
biihop's fee, with a univerfity. ■ It wa«
formerly the nfidence of the dukes of
Bretagne, who built a ftrong caflK; on
the fide of the river, which ftill exifts.
The cathedral contains the tombs of
the ancient dukes; hefide which there
is a collegiate church, and it pari(K«
churches. The bridg, s over the Loirct
in which are fomc iflauds, arc almoft a
leagiic in length. The fuburbs exceed
the city in exti^nt. A great quantity of
fait is made in the territory of Nantes,
both at the bay of Bourgntuf. and in the
fait marfties of Guerande and Croific.
Large veflels can come no higher than
Port Launai, which is 12 miles from
Nantes. It was here that Henry iv
promulgated the famous edi^v '^ '598,
m favour of the proteftauts. w hich was
revoked 1111685, W Lewis xiv- Nantes
is 58 miles s by e of Rennes, and 117
sw of Paris. Lon. i 3? w, lat. 47 13 n.
Nantua, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Ain, with maiiufa^ures of
^au/es, taffetas, chintzes, nankeen, and
ftockings; fituateona lake of the feme
name, 18 miles e of Bourg.
Nantutket, an illand and county of
the ftate of Maflachufets, which lies
to the s of Cape Cod. It is 15 miles
long and 11 broad, including S.1ndy
Point, which makes a fine road for
ihips. A confidcrable whale fiflicry is
carried on here ; and there are feveral
fpermaceti works, and a duck manu-
fadlure- It has only one town, now
calk'd Nantucket, but lately Sherburne,
which is 93 miles se of Bofton. Lon,
70 30 w, lat. 41 20 N.
Jyan*<uuh, or Namptwcht a town in
Chefliire, with a market on Saturday.
Here are fait fprings, from which are
made great quantitii^s of white fait }
alfo a manufafture of cotton and flioes.
The principal da.ries of Chelhire are
about this town, and it has a confider-
able trade m chcefe. It is f -ated on the
Weaver, and by the Cheftcr canal,
which here forme a broad bafin, 26 miles
SE of Chefter, and 164 n w of London.
Nan-yangy a city of China, of thii
firfl: rank, in the province of Ho-nan,
feated on a fmall river, and furrounded
by mountains, 160 miles s of Honan-
Nitn-i/org, a city of China, of the
firk rank, in the province of Quang-
tong, feated on the Pei-kiang , neaf its
fource, 170 miles nne of Canton.
Napaul, a country of Afia, bound«d
on the s by Hafiar, w by Oude and
Robilcund, Nw by Sirinagtir, ne b»
the mountains of Himmalelb wbida
Hh
N A ?
feparnte it from Tibet, and E by
|)ootan. It it tributary to Tibet ; and
Catmandu is the capital.
Afl/Zw. a kingdom comprehendinR
t^ I part of Italy, bounded on the 'w
by the Ecckfiaftical State, n e by tlie
gulf of Venice, and every where elfc
by the Mcdi'v "rant.'an. It ifl 300 miles
in length, by 1 00 in breadth, and di-
vided into twelve provinces ; namely,
Tfrra di Lavoro (the ancient Campania
Felix)Principato Citeriore and Ulteriore,
iMolife, fialilicata, Calabria Citeriore
and UUeriore, Abrnzzu Citeriore and
Olteriore, Capitanata, Terra di Bari,
and Terra d'Otranto; the laft three
forming the ancient Apulia, now ealled
Puglia on the k ftde of the kingdom.
After many revolutions, the Normans
became maftcrs of this country, in the
eleventh century ; and the fovereigns
were called counts, then dukes, and
afterward kings of Puglia. In is82,
Peter III, kin^ of Arragon, caufed all
the Normans m the ifland of Sicily to
be malFAcrcd ; and this maf'a :re was
called the Sicilian Vefpers. After this,
Puglia was joined to Sicily ; and hence
the fovereigns took the title of King of
the Two Sicilies. It has alio been
called the kingdom of Naples, from its
capital. France and Spain contended
for tne fovereignty in the fcquel, and
bloody wars and revolutions wore the
confiquence. The French l)eing dff-
ftated by the Spaniards in 1504, Lewis
^ 1 1 formally renounced all prutenlions
to the crown, and the country was
governed by Spanilh viceroys. In 1647
happened the dreadful inlurretJlion of
M.iiranit.llo in the city of N^iples, by
which tho Spaniards were nearly expel-
led. The people, however, returning
to their allegiance, on the aduflination
of Maflaniello, the Spaniards continued
in peaceable pofleflion of tin: kingdom
tin 1707, when it was conquered by
prince Eugene, and ceded to the em-
peror by the treaty of Kaftadt in 17 14.
It was recovered, however, by the
Spnniards in 17,^4 ; and Ferdinand iv,
a prince of Sp.tin, is now king uf Na-
ples and Sicily- The title of the king's
eldefl fon is Prince of Calabria. The
climate is extremely hot, vfpecially in
July, Avigult, and September; and is
(aid to be one of the mod inconfl:»nt and
:iiifavorable to valetudinarians. In fome
ft^afonii it rainH every day for fix or
fcvt-n weeks together ; but tin; moll
difagreeable part of the climnte is the
liroco, or iE wind, which is very com-
mon in May, and extremely relaxing.
Tn winter there is fcldom any ice or
MAP
fno<v, except on the m«mntain8. The
country abounds with grain, the fineft
fruits and vegetables, rice, flax, oil,
wine, faffron, and manna ; and aflbrds
alum, vitriol, fulphur, rock cryltal,
marble, minerals, and fine wool and
filk. Betide the manufactures noticed
in the account of the city of Naples,
waiftcoats, caps, ftockinga, and gloves
are alfo made of the hair or filaments of
a fhclltifli, which are warmerthan thofc
o. wool, and of a beautiful glofly green.
The principal mountains are the Apen-
nines, which traverfe this coutttry from
N to s, branching out to the two ex-
tremities ; and the celebrated volcano,
mount Vefuvius. The rivers are nu-
merous, but inconlidcrable; the chief
are the Gariglianoand Volturno. One
of the greateft inconveniences to which
this kingdom is expofed is earthquakes-
The eftablifiicd religion is the Roman
catholic, and tht; clergy and convents
poflefs two thirds of the whole king-
dom ; but proteftants and Jews arc
allowed to fettle here. The inhabitants
of this country have, at all times, born
but an indifferent charadler among
other nations ; gluttony is here a pre'-
dominant vice, while inftances of ebriety
are comparatively rare. In the fcms'c
fex, the pallion for finery is almofi: fu-
pcrior to any other ; and though chaftity
IS not the charaAeriRic virtue of the
country, yet a Neapolitan woman
would, for the moft part, prefer a
prefent to a lover- That furious jea-
loufy, for which the n.ation was one lb
remarkable, is now greatly abated.
The breach of the conjugal vow fome-
times occafions quarrels and afiaflina-
tioiis among people of inferior rank;
and, in the metropolis, aflaflinations are
often perpetrated from much Ms cogent
motives. Of thefo vices, many arc
owing to the flavery and oppreflion un-
der which they groan, and to a radical
dcfeft in the adminiftration of juftice.
Naples, a city of Italy, capital of a
kingdom of the fame name, and an arch-
bifliop's fee, with a univerfity. It is
fcatcd on the bay of Naples, and bniit
in the form of a vaft amphitheatre,
floping from the hills to the fea.
Although the ftyle of architetflure is
inferior to what prevails at Rome, and
it cannot vie with that city in the num-
ber of paiactti, of in the magnificence of
the churches, the private houfes, in
general, are better built, and the ftreets
are broader and better paved. The
houfes, in general, are five or fix ftorics
high, and flat at tht top; on which an;
placed uumbcrs of (lower vale*, or
rntains. The
iin, the iincft
cc, flax, oil,
; and affords
rock cryllal,
ne wool and
iures noticed
y of Naples,
;a> and gloves
>r filaments of
ncr than thole
I glofly green,
are the Apen-
country from
) the two ex-
atcd volcano,
ivers are mi-
le ; the chief
ilturno. One
ices to which
I earthquakes-
8 the Roman
and convents
! whole king-
nd Jews are
le inhabitants
I times, born
•after among
8 here a prc-
ices of ebncty
In the fcm^'e
' is almoft fu-
lough chaftity
[virtue of the
litan woman
art, prefer a
furious jea-
was one lb
tly abated,
vow fome-
nd ainiflin.-i-
ferior rank;
linations are
left cogent
many are
)preflion un-
to a radical
of juftice.
capital of a
and an arch-
erfity. It is
es, and built
mphitheatrc,
to the lea.
chitedure is
Rome, and
in the num-
gnificcnceof
houles, in
d the ftreets
aved. The
or lix ftoric*
n which an;
r val'cif, or
NAP
N A ft
fruit trcM, in boxes of earth. The blood of St. J;
fortrefs of St. Elmo is built on a moun-
tain of the fame name, and has the
entire command of the town. Lower
down on the fame mountain, in a .d(?-
lightful fituation, is the convent of
CarthuHans, on which much expcnce
has been laviflicd, to render the building
and the gardens equal to the lituation.
Naples is well fituate for commerce,
and has all the nccelTaries and luxuries of
life in great profulion ; but trade is in
a languifliing condition. The chief
articles manufaftured here are lilk
ftockinga, foap, fnuff-boxes of tortoife-
Ihell and lava, and tables and ornamen-
tal furniture of marble. They are
thought to embroider here better than
in France ; and their macaroni, confec-
tions, and cordials are in the hightft
cfteem. The inhabitants are computed
to be ;? 80,000, which is very probable ;
for though Naples is not one third of
the fize of London, yet many of its
ftrcets are more crowded, and a great
proportion of the pooreft fort fpend
the night in them, for want of habi-
tations. There is not a city in the
world, perhaps, with the fame number
of inhabi' iM- •, in which fo few contri-
bute to the wealth of the community,
by uleful and productive labour, as
Naples; for the number of priefts,
monks, fidlers, lawyers, nobility, foot-
men, and lazzaroni, or vagabonds, fur-
palFes all reafonable proportion ; and
the laft alone are computed at above
30.000. The nobility are excefllvely
fond of fplendour and ftiow ; as ap-
pears by the brilliancy oftheir equipages,
the number of their attendants, the
richnefs of their drefs, and the grandeur
of their titles. The king, it is faid,
counts a hundred perfons with the title
of prince, and ftill a greater number
with that of duke, amsng his fubjcfts,
A fewr of thefe have eftates from 10 to
13.0001. a year ; a confiderable number
have fortunes of about half that amount ;
and the annual revenue of many is under
5000I. The inferior orders of nobility
are much poorer ; many counts and
marquifes not having 400!. a year patijr-
nal eftate ; many ftill lefs ; and not a
few enjoy the title witliout any eftati;
whatever. Although the churches and
convents of Naples are not to be com-
pared with thofc at Rome in point of
architecture, and in paintings ; yet they
furpafs them in rich jewels, and in the
quantity of filver and golden crucifixes,
veffels, and other ornaments. The ca-
thedral is a 'noble Gothic edifice, in
which arc kept the head and fome of the
anuarius, the tntelary
faint of Naples, but his body lies undfer
the altar. This dried blood is prcfervcd
in two fmall cryftal yials, and on fome
extraordinary occaflons is with great
folemnity brought near the head of
the faint, when by a fuppofed miracle
it liquefies, and thereby is deemed to
be a happy prcfage ; but if the blood
retains its drynefs, the people are
ftruck with terror. Of all the palaces,
that of the king is not only the moft
magnificent, but in the bed (lyle of
architecture. The harbour, which is
fpacious, V. protected by a mole, two
caftles, and feveral batteries ; but thefe
could not protect the city from a bom-
bardment. The bay of Naples is one
of the fineft in the world, being almoft:
of a circular figure, 30 miles in diame-
ter ; (hut out from the Mediterranean,
by the ifland of Capri, and three parts
of it fhcltercd by a noble circuit of
woods and mountains. Naples was
taken by the French in 1799, and re-
taken by the Audrians and Ruffians,
aided by a Britiih fleet ; but the French
Ihortly afterward regained the poffeffioii .
In 1803, the city fufftred much damage
by an earthquake. It is no miles se.
of Rome. Lon. 14 17 E,lat. 40 50 N.
Napoli di Matvasia, a leaport of
European Turkey, in the Moren, ca-
pital of the ifland of Malvafia. It has
a fine harbour, defended by a good
citadel ; and a long wooden bridge,
which joins it to the mainland. It
gives name to that excellent wine, called
Malmfey ; and was the ancient Epidau-
ruR, famed for the temple of JEfcula-
pius. It is feated on a rock, at the
entrance of the bay of Napoli de Ro-
mania, 38 miles SE of Aiifitra. Lon.
22 58 E,lat. 3653N.
iSapoli dc Romania, a feaport of Eu-
ropean Turkey, in tlie Morea, and an
aichhifliop's fee, feated on a peniniula,
at the liead of a hay of the fame name.
It is inhabited by 60,000 Greeks, befide
people of different nations ; and has a
larsre harbour, with a narrow entrance
defended by a cit adel. This town was
taken by the Turks in i;!,";. It is ao
miles ssw of Corinth. Lon. aa 44 B»
lat. 37 44 N.
Nam, a town of Japan, in the ifland
of Niphon, with a magnificent caftle, »5
miles ivW of .Meacow. ' '
Narashighapura, ". town of Hindoo*
flan, in Myfore, with two confiderable
temples. It is well built, .and ftands in
a fertile country, on the Cavery, im-
mediately below the influx of UiC
Kapini, 10 miles ese of Myfore.
n h a
NAR
Karberth, a town of Wales, in Pem-
br<}ke(hire» with a market on Wetinef-
day, feated on a hiH, m mill's nk of
Pembroke, and 342 w by n of London.
Narbonnet a city of France, in the
department of AudC' Before the revo-
lution of i;8^, it was an archicpifcopal
fee. Tn the time of the Romans, it was
the capital of that part of Gaul called
Gallia Narbonenfis ; and hcr^> emperor
Marcus Aurelius was born. Some Roman
infcriptions, in different parts of tiie city,
are ftill viflble ; and the canal from the
river Aude, through the city, to the
Mediterranean, was cut by the Romans.
Narbonne is famous for its honey, and
the cathedral is remarkable for its noble
choir. It is five miles from the Me-
diterranean, and 8a ese of Touloufe.
Lon. 3 o E, lat. 43 11 n.
Nariorou/(hf an ifland in the Pacific
ocean, on the coaft of Chili, whitre fir
John Narborough refreflied his men,
when fent to the South fea, in the reign
of Charles 11. Lcn. 7435 w, lat. 45 o n.
Nardot a tows', of Naples, in TeiTa
d'Otranto, aa miles w by v of Otranto.
_ NarenzOi a town of Dalm^stia, and a
bifltop's fee ; featea on a river of the
fame name, 4a miles nnw of Ragufa.
NariiTtf a lown of Siberia, in the go-
vernment of Tobolflc, furrounded by
pallifades and wooden towers. The En-
virons abound with foxes, ermines, and
fables. It is feated at the cOnRux of the
Ket with the Oby, 400 miles e by n of
Tobolfki Lon. Si ^5 e, lat. 59 ion.
Narnallat a town of Hindooftan, in
the province of Berar, 3,^ miles wnw of
£llichpour, and jxt^ of Burhanpour.
Marni, a town of Italy, in the duchy
of Spoleto. Here arc the ruins of a
marble bridge, built by Auguftus ; and
alfo of an aqueduct that brought water
from afpring at the diftanceof 15 miles.
It is feated on the Nera. ao miles ssw
of Spoleto, and 40 n of Rome.
Narova^ a river of Rudia, which
iffues from the lake Peipus, flows to
Narva, and enters the gulf of Finland,
eight miles below that town. It has
two cataraAs, pompoully defcribed by
travelled ; but they are far inferior to
that of the Rhine, at LaufTen.
Narraganset Bay^ in N America,
makes up from s to n between the
tnainland, in the ft^te of Rhode Ifl;uid.
It embofonns many fruitful and beauti-
ful iflands, the principal of which are
Rhode, Canonicut, Prudence, Patience,
liope. Dyers, and Hog iflands. l^his
capacious bay affords plenty of lobders.
Narraguagus, a town of the diftrift
■of MainCf in WaOungton county.
N A S
fituate on 3 bay of the fame namCf j6
miles NE of Ooldfborough.
Naningapafam, a town of Hindoo-
ftan, in the territory of Cattack, near
the coaft vf the bay of Bengal, 44 miles
8 of Cattack.
Narvot a ftrong town of RufOa, in
Ingria, or th j government of Peteriburg.
The houfes are built of brick ftuccoed
white ; and it has more the appearance
of a German than of a Ruflian town.
In the fuburbs, called Iv.ingorod, are
the ftupendous remains of an ancient
fortrefs, built by Ivan Bafilowitz th»
gre.it, which impend over the fteep
banks of the Narova. In 1 700, Charles
xri of Sweden obtained a victory here
over Peter the great. Five years after,
the czar took the town by aflault ; and,
by his own perfonal exeiiions, faved it
from pillage and maflacre. The prin-
cipal exports are hemp, flax, timber,
and corn. It is fituate on the Narova,
eight miles from its mouth, and gowsw
of Peterfljurg. Lon. a7 ja e, lat. 59 18 n.
Narwa, a town of Hindooftan, in
the province of Agra, feated near the
Sinde, 115 miles s of Agra. Lon. 78
17 E, lat. aj 40 N.
Najca, a fcaporC of Pern, in the au-
dience of Lima. It has a good harbour,
and ftands in a territory fertile in wine
and fugar, aao miles sse of Lima. Lon.
75 10 w, lat. 14 45 s.
Naseiy, a village in Northampton-
fliire, la miles nnw of Northampton ;
famous for the decifive viiftory gained
by the army of the parliament over
that of Charles f, in 1645.
Nashvillet a town of Tenneflee, in
Davidfon county, capital of the dif-
tridt of Mero. It is feated on Cumber-
land river, 170 miles w of Knoxvilie.
Lon. 86 50 w, lat. 36 a K.
Nassaut a princely county of Ger-
many, in the Wefterwakl ; bounded on
the N by the duchy of V\'cflphalia, e by
the county of Solmes, s by the territory
of Mentz, and w by that of Treves. It
contains mines or iron, copper, and
lead; and the foil is fertile in fome
places, but the furface is for the molt
part woody and mountainous. I'he
houfe of Naflau is divided into many
branches, which have their diftindtive
titles from the principal towns in the
fcveral diftridls.
Nassau, a town of Germany, in the
Wefterwald, and county of NalTau-
Dietz, on the river Lahn. Oppcfitc
the town, on the other fidte of the river,
and on a high mountain, formerly ftood
Naffauberg, a place of great antiquity,
and the origiiul feat of the Naflau
N A V
family. NafTau is 3* miles wnw of
Frankfort. Lon. 7 ^2 £> lat. 50 16 Nt
Nauau, an ifland in the Indian oceani
on the w fide of the ifland of Sumatra,
about 1 %o miles in circumference. The
inhabitants are difliTnilar from their
neighbours) for they approach the
amiable fimpHcity of manners and per-
fotial appearance of the Otaheitans,
while their colour is like that of the
Malays. It abounds with foreftt, and
prefents ap enchanting verdure. Lon.
99 40 E, lat. % 50 s.
NasjueJt, a town of Hindooftan, in
the province of Guzcrat, 95 miles asw
of Surat. LoY). 73 49 e, lat. 19 50 n.
Nastadty a town of vGesmany, in the
drcle df Upper Rhine* 38 miles w by n
6f Fr9nkfort.
Natttt a feaport of Terra Firma, in
the government of Panama, fctted in a
fertile country, on the bay of Panama.
6R miles sw of Panama. Lon 8i 5 w,
lat. 8 36 N.
Natal, a country on the se coaft of
^frica, lying ne of the Cape of Good
Hope, inhabited by a tribe of CafFres.
It is about 500 miles in length, and near
the middle is a river .ind bay of the fame
name. Lon. 31 30, e, lat. 49 o s.
Natchezfa town of the ftatc of Geor-
gia, with a ftrong fort. It has a trade
in cotton, grown In its vicinity, and is
feated on the MiiTilfippi, 530 miles w
of Savanna. Lon. 9 t 39 w, lat 3 i 34 n.
Nateh'ttochesy a river of Louiliana,
called aTo the Red river, which runs
into the MidJlTippi, in lat. 30 55 n.
Nativtdadt a feaport of Mexico, in
the province of Guadalajara, on a bay
of the Pacific ocean, 150 miles sw of
Guadalajara. Lon. 105 33 w, lat. I948N.
Natoiia, a country formerly called
Afia Minor. It '** the moil wcftern part
of Turkey in Afia, bounded on the n
by the Black fea, e by Caramania, s by
the Mediterrane >, and w by the Ar-
chipelago and the fea of Marmora.
The foil is generally fertile, producing
fruits of various kinds, corn, tobacco,
cotton, and filk. It is crofled by a chain
pf mountains, formerly called Taurus,
from w to E. and watered by a great
number of rivers- Kiutaja is the capital.
Nattam, a to\vn and fortrefs of Hin-
dooftan, in the country of Madura, 18
miles M of Madura, and 45 ssw of Tri-
chinopoly.
Nattorty a town of Hindoodan, in
Bengal, 47 miles ene of Moorlhedabad.
Aavatiy a town of Ireland, in the
county of Meath, feated At the conflux
of the Blackwater with the Boyne, 35
miles Nw of Dublin.
N A V
Navarhy a feaport of £urot>ean Ttlr-
key, on the w coaft of the Morea, with
a large harbour defended by two foffe.
In 1770, it was take^ by the RulTians.
It ie feated on a hill, ^o miles n by e of
Modon, and 17 wnw of Coron. Lon.
ai 34 E, lat. 37 a N.
Navarrty a kingdom of Europe, lying
between France and Spain, ana divided
into the Upper and Lower. The Up-
per belongs to Spain, and is *n miles
long and 60 broad. Though a moun-
tainous country, abounding in game
and iron mines, fome valleys prcxiuce
good corn and excellent wine. It is
divided into five diftridts, whofe chief
towns are Pamplona, Eftella, Tudela,
Olita, and St- Guefca. Lower Navarre
belongs to France, and is now the de-
partment of Lower Pyrenees. It is fe-
parated from Spanifli Navarre by the
Pyrenees, and is a mountainous, barren
country, 20 miles long and la broad.
From this country the late king of
France took his title of king of Navarre.
See Valaii, St.
Na-varre, New, a province of New
Mexico, bounded on the n by a coun-
try unknown, k by New Mexico Proper
and New Bifcay, s by Culiacan, and w
by the gulf of California. This coun-
try was difcovercd by the Spaniards in
I ss*' The natives are robuft and war-
like, and were with difficulty brought
to fubmiflTion : they make ufe of bow«
with poifoned arrows, clubs of rtd
wood, and bucklers. The chief Spaniih
town is Cinaloa.
Navarreins, a town of France, in the
department of Lower Pyrenees, feated
on the Gave d'Oleron^ 26 miles se of
Bayonne.
Naueny a town of Brandenburg, in
the Middle mark, 18 miles wnw of
Berlin.
Navigators Islands, a c. ufter ,of ten
iflands in the Pacific ocean, difcovered
by Bougainville, and explored by Pe-
roufe in 1787. They are called by the
natives Opoun, Leone, Fanfoue, Ma-
ouna, Oyolava, CalinaiTo, Pola, Shika,
Oflamo, and Ouero. Opoun, the moft
foutherly and safterly of thefe iflands,
lies in lon. 169 7 w, lat. 14 7 «. Ma-
ouna, Oyalava, and Pola, may be num-
bered among the larged and moft beau-
tiful iflands of the S Pacific ocean.
They cornbint the advantages of a foil
fruitful without culture, and a climate
that renders clothing unneceflary. TLe
inhabitants are a ftrong and lufty race ;
fcarccly a man to be feen among them
lefs than fix feet high, and the women
are in proportion. In 'difpo&Mon they
NAX
tee thievifli^tronclicruuH, and firrocion!;.
Trticir villapn's arc fitiiate on creeks, by
the fcandc, and have nu pathH bctwetn
them; that they pafs from one to an-
other ia th'jir canoeB, and thun aru nl-
jnpll conftantly on the water. Their ca-
noes, houfc*, Sec. arc well conflrmjled ;
and they are much more advanced in in-
ternal policy than any of the iflands in
this ocean. See Maouua'
NautAbert^t « town of Germany, in
Lower Ilefl'c, fituatc on the Eider, 1 1
miles wsw of Callel.
Naunibursi, a town of Upper Saxony,
in Thuringia, capital of a biihopric,
united toihe hoiife of Saxony. It has
a fmall citadel, and the cathedral is re-
markable for its fme altars, painting?,
and fiibtcrranean chapels. Here are
manutaiaurea of Uockings and turnery
wares, and vineyards that yield an ex-
cellent red wine. It is feated on the
Saale, 37 miles kne of Erfurt, and 60
\v of DrdUen. Lon» i s o t, lat. 5111 n.
fsaumbiirg, a town of Sih-fia, in the
principality of Sagan, on the livcr liober,
J4 miles n by w of Sagan.
Nauml)ui\i(, a lo^n of Silcda, in the
principslityof Jailer, on the river Queifs,
,:j7 miles wnw of Jaucr.
Naxia, or Naxos, an illand of the
Archipelago, 15 miles in length and 50
in circumference. It is the moft fertile
ifland in all the Archipelago, and its
wine ftill maintains it« former excel-
lence. Befide this, its plains abound
with orange, olive, lemon, cedar, citron,
pomegranate, figf and mulberry-trees.
It is inhabited both by Greeks and
Latins, <itid has a great many villages ;
hut the whole illand does not contain
above 8000 in'iabitants. The higheft
Biount.1'- is Zla, which fignifies the
mour of Jupiter: but there are no
antiquities, exc<pt fume fmall rciiiains
of a temple of Bacchus. Tlie female
drefs in this illand has fomcthing ridicu-
lous in its appearance. They fix two
wings of black velvet behind, to their
Jlioulders; and wear a heavy ftomaclier
or brcafl-pi'ce of velvet, covered witii
tiubroidery and fmall pearls. I viewed
behind, it is difgufting to u^ round
their loins what, for want of a better
, n.ime, may be called a circul?,r flielf,
calculated to fupport the ends of a
kind of lacec! hippets hanging down
IVom their fliouklers. They paint,
blacken th< ir eyebrows and eyclaflus,
i.nd c»)ver their faces with patches,
iuaile of a black (]>ining talc, which
(hey find in the ifland.
Ai/.r/i'i the opital of (he ifle of the
.fiutie j/amc, atui one of the »>on bcnuii-
N K B
ful places in the Archipelago. It hai
two archiepifcopal fees, the one Greek
and the other Latin. Here is no har-
bour, but the trade is contideral>|« in
barley, wine, oil, figs, cotton, filk, flax,
chcele, fait, oxen, fhecp, and mules.
It flands on the s tide of the idand, and
is defended by a caftle. Lon. 35 32 e,
lat. ^7 8 N.
l^axhtu, a town )f Denmark, ca-
Cital of the ifle of iland, with a har-
onr commodious tor trade. It is cn-
compalFed by a wall, and 70 miles sw
of Copenhagen. Lon. )i 31 e, lat. 54
52 N- ,".
NayakanahuHi/, a large fquare town
of Hindooftan, in Myfore,vvith a citadel
in the centre, both ftrongly fortified
with mud walls- In the town a widu
ftreet extends all round, and has (hort
lanes on each lide. It has a manufacr
ture of coarfe cotton cloth, anH in the
vicinity are many palm-gardens. It it
,34 miles sw of Sera.
Nazareth, a town of Palcftine, fa-
mous for being the refidence of Chrilt,
in the early part of his life. It is now
a fmall place, where the monks of St.
Francis have a convent, 60 miles nne
of Jerufalcm.
Nazareth, ft town of Pennfylvania,
in Northampton county, and a fettle,
mcnt of the Moravians, 10 miles n of
Bethlehem, and 63 n by w of Philadel-
phia.
Naze, or Liiukness, the moft fouthern
promontory of Norway. Lon. 7 ao u,
lat. ^f 30 N.
Neagliy J.Qugh, a lake of Ireland, 20
miles long and 15 broad, lying in the
counties of Armagh, Down, Antrim,
Londonderry, and Tyrone. The river 1
Bann flows through this lake.
Nent/i, a corporate town of Wales,
in Glamorganlhire, with a market on
Saturday; fituate on the river Neath,
near the Briftol channel. In the neigh-
bourhood arc iron forges, fmelting
works for copper, and coal mines;
and on the other lide of the river are
the extenlive remains of an abbey. A
great (]iiantity of coal is exported hence
in fmall vefTels. It is 27 miles sw of
Brecknock, and 198 w of London.
Neath, a river of Wales, which rifts
in Brecknockihire, and runs thrcugii
Glamorganfhire, by the town of Neath,
into the Briftol channel.
Neb, a river in the ill- >f Man, which
runs into the Irifli fea, at Peel caftle.
Nebio, or Nebbio, a ruined city on the
N fide of the ifland of Corfica, one niil«
from St. Fioren/.o.
Ncbroi T town pf Upper Saxony, ij^
N E G
ThuriHKia, on the UnArut, la milei
II NW of Naumburg.
NecJiart a river of Cermany, which
rifes in the comity of HohcTibcrg, in
SHabiaf flows by Kothwcil, I'libin^ren,
Kfsliiigi'n, Ikilbroii, and Hcidelbt-rg,
Aoil enters the Rhine, at Manht-lm-
Neciarelz, a town of Germany, in
the circle of Lower Rhine, feated on
the Ncckar, ao miles i:: of lifiilcibcrg.
Neciargemund, a town of Germany,
in the circle of Lower Rhine, fcated on
the Neckar, five miles e of H«^idelberg.
Neciarsulm, a town of Suabia, feated
at the conflux of the Neckar and Sulm,
tivc miles n of Heilbron.
Nedromot a town of Algiers, in the
province of Mafcara, furrounded with
magnificent ruins. It is 50 miles whv.
q\ Oran. Lon. o ,^8 w, lat. 3.5 40 n.
Ntdsjedi an extenfive province of
Arabia; bounded on the n by the defert
of Syria, £ by Lachfa, s by Hadramaut
and Yemen, and w by Hedsjaz. The
foil is various, in many parts very fertile.
The Bedouins inhabit a grttat part of
this province ; the remainder is moun-
tainous, and contains a great number of
towns, almoft every one of which has
its own fchiech.
Needhantt a town in Suffolk, with
a market on Wednefday, feated on the
Orwell, 10 miles nw uf Ipfwich, and
74 NE of London.
Neediest rocks in the Englifh channel,
at tlie w end of the ifle of Wight, fo
called from their hei{;ht and iharp extre-
mities. Here is a lighthoufe. Lon. i
33 w, lat. 50 44 N.
Nee/ieefioiv, one of the Sandwich
iflands, in the Pacific ocean, five leagues
w of Atooi. The e coaft is high, and
rifes abruptly from the fea; the reft of
it conlifts of low ground, except a round
bluff head on the sk point. Lon. 160 15
w, lat. 21 50 N.
Neerivinden, a village of the Nether-
lands, in Brabant, a little n by w of
Landen. Hence the two celebrated
battles of Landen are fomotimes called
b y the name of Neervvinden . Sec Lan-
den.
Ne/ta, a town of the kingdom of
Tunis, 350 miles s by w of Tunis. Lon.
9 25 £, lat. 30 o N-
Negaputam^ a city of Ilindooilan, in
the kingdom of Tanjore, on the coaft
of Coiomandel. It was firft a colony
of the Portuguefe, but was taken by
the Dutch; and the latter were dil-
poirtriled of it by the Englifh in 1782.
The port is not extraordinary ; but
moft of the different nations iu' India
Me here fettled) and trader under the
N^ G
prote.5lion of the fort. It in so miles B
of Tanjore, and 166 s by w of Madras.
Lon. 79 5() R, lat. 10 46 n.
Negara, a town of the i/lc of Borneo,
capital of the kingdom of Banjermaf-
fin ; lituate on the E fide of the fianjer,
90 miles N of its mouth, at the town of
Banjerinaflin. Lon. 114 o E, lat. 1 40 s.
NegomSa, a fcaport on the w coaft of
the ifle of Ceylon, with a fort built by
the Portuguefe. It was taken in 1640
by the Dutch, who evacuated it to the
Englifli in 1796. It, is 16 miles m of
Columbo. Lon. 79 55 e, Ut. 7 20 n.
Negrais, an ifland on the E fide of
the bay of Bengal, at the mouth of
Biflien river, tho.moft weflern branch
le Irrawaddy,with an excellent har-
our. Lon. 94 30 e, lat. 16 o n.
Negri! J'oint, the moft wefterly pro-
montory of the ifland of Jamaica. Lon.
78 23 w, lat. 18 17 N.
Negro, Cape, a promontory of Africa,
on the coaft of Bengueia, being the
moft foiithcrly country to which the
Europeans ufually refort to purchaie
flavcs. Lon. 11 40 e, lat. 16 15 N.
Negroland, or Nigritia, a large coun-
try in the interior of Africa, through
which the river Niger flows from w to
K. It is called by the Arabs Soudan, a
word of fimilar import to the European
appellation, to exprefs *'uQ Land of the
Blacks. It extends from lon. 10 w t*
27 e, and from lat. 10 to 25 n ; being
bounded on the N by Zahara and the
mount-iins which feparate it from the
ftates of Barbary, on the £ by Nubia
and AbyflTinia, on the a by countries
unknown and Guinea, and w by Gui-
nea, Fouli, and Zahara. Of this vaft
country little is known more than the
names of fome of the towns and great
kingdoms of which it iscompofed. itome
parts, particularly on the river Niger,
are faid to be exceedingly fertile; other
parts nre reprefented as fandy and de>
fert. That it is very populous, is evi-
dent, from the great fupply of flaves it
affords to the European traders. The
principal territory known is Bornou.
T!i€ general charailer of the Negros,
who are the inhabitants of this region,
is that of levity ; and that they do no(
fuffer their gayety to be difturbed by
events, which, in other countries, are
produ^ive of much unbappinefs. They
do not appear to want the feelings of
humanity, nor are they more deftitutc
of fagacity than other people of an equal
degree of education ; but as their coun-
try fuppli<;s them with food by a very
flight degree of induftry, and the little
occafion tlicrc is fur clothing aiaid the
N E O
b«at of their cliinaUi tlicy hjive a gen^
nl habit <>f lV«'Ving prrfint pl«ariire,and
po «"nrc r ir tlic fiituie. The only ncccf-
fary ot li^e th^i apprnrs to he deficient
it falti which in the morf wanted .imong
them in coiifi qn«-ncc of their. ftibii(liii(i;
cliirHy on vfgftable food i and It is a
proverbial oxprtinon of a man's richen
to fay, that he ratR fait tu hix food.
ThiM important article thry rcceivt; from
Zahara by caravans of trading Arabs.
They alfo receive armn, hardware, ^laf-
Sit and (rinki'ti, from the w, by the
uropet^nR, and, in the interior, by tbs
Mravahs of Cairo, Fez/an, and Mo-
rocco. For theff they give in n-iurn
gold, ivory, .-md flaves. The kind of
government that exlfts among ihi' Ni'-
!:ro nations is by no means uniform,
n many diAritHs the country ia govern-
fd by a great multitude of independent
petty chief;, who are engaged in fre«
fluent wars witR each other In other
places the talents of individual chief-
tains have been able to rtdiKie confule-
rable tiatfts of territory under their do-
minion ; and hence fome nouriOiing
towns have fprung up Many of tiu'
towns are fortified with ditches and
hifih walls; the latter and the houies
being conftruded of clay am! (tone.
Domcftic (lavery prevails in a very great
degree among all the N«»pro ftates.
\Vht'H thi' tropical rains fail, or are fo
defirk'nt th^tt the fun burns up the fiice
of the v-our.try, it is not imconimon for
parent* to ft II th»'ir children, and even
thfmfelves, (qi bre.id. A freeman may
alfo lofe his liberty by beint:; taken pri-
fouer in war,or on .ic< - unt of the crimes
of nuirder and forcery ; and alfo in con-
fequence of infolvency. The knowleelge
of the Negros with regard to religion
and all fp<?culative fubjedis is extremely
limited ; but they have much fuperfli-
tion, and are implicit believers in witch-
jcraff anil nwgic.
jSe^ropont, t!i<" largeft ifland in the
Archipcbgo, anfiMitly called Eubaa.
It is near the n rpaft of Livadia, and
frparated from it by the ftrait of Neii;ro-
pont, oyer which is a bridg<* It isioo
miles in length, and 18 "i breadth,
though in fome places much nairowcr.
It abounds in corn, wine, oil, and fruits.
Negrepont, a flfong city, capital of
the ifland of the fame name, and a
Greek archbifl^op's fee. It has a good
barboiir, which is commonly tlu- ftation
of the Turkift fliips. The walls of the
city, in which th«> Turks and Jews re-
fide, arc two miles and a half in circum-
^•rcnc«»; but the fuhurbs, where the
^hriftian« live, are much lai^r. It was
N E ^f
taVen, in 1469, from the Venetians, whoi
attempted to retake it in i6ft8, without
effect. It is featvd on a ftrait of the
fame n:ime, .^o miles ns of Athens, and
160 HW of Conllantinople. Lon. 24 m
K, lar, 38 30 N.
Nffiavendt a town of Perfia, in Irac
Agemi, famous tor a battle fought ne'ar
it, between the califf Omar and Ycx
Degcrd, king of Pcrfia, in 63R, when
the latter luft his life and kingdom. Jt
ia 300 miles Nw of Ifpahan. Lon. 4t
19 f', lat 34 30 V.
Neidenburgt a town of Pruffia, with a
cadle on a mountain, 75 miles k of Culm.
Lou. 20 20 F, lat. j3 23 s.
Neidenstein, a town of Germany, in
Lower HeflV, nine miles ssw of Cailel.
Neirut one of the Banda iflands. and
the ft at of their government. It has a
fpacious harbour, but difficult to be
entered ; and (hips anchor under the
cannon of two forts. Lop. 129 30 e^
lat. 4 50 s,
1^'ehse, a city of Silcfia, capital of a
principality of the fame name It is a
placf of great ftrength, and one of the
fini ft towns in Siletia. Here is a mag-
nificent palace, with feveral offic«-8 for
the principality } but the ft-at of go-
vernment is the caflle of the adjacent
fmall town of Ottmachau. The inha-
bitants carry on a conliderablc trade in
linens and wine. This place was taken
by the Pruffian-i in 1741, who, after the
peace m 1742, built a citadel, to which
they gave the name of Pruflia. In t';i^9
it was befitged by the Auftrians, but
ineffeflually. In 1X07 it furreiideicd to
the French. It is feated on a river of
the fame name, 48 miles s by E of Bref-
lau- Lon- ly :• K, lat. 50 24 v.
Ntitra, a town of Hungary, and a
bifl)op'8 fee, with a caftle and a college.
It is fituate on a river of the fame name,
34 miles N of Gran.
Ne/uuram, a town of the peninfuU
of Hindooflan, on the w coall, !^,? miles
NE of Maiigalorc, and 40 nw of Telli-
cherry.
i^ellettburg, a town of Suabia, capital
pf a landgravate of the fame name, with
a citadel on a mountain, 22 miles n of
Conflince. L<in 9 5 e, lat. 47 57 n.
NiMert, a town and fortrels of Hirt-
dooftan, in the C^natic, near the Pcn-
nar, 85 miles N by w of Madras. Lon.
?9 57 ^. '^t. 14 i6v.
Netnea, a village of F-Ufopean Turkey,
in tlie Morta, a^ miles sw of Corinth,
anciently celebriited for its games.
Nennurs, a town of France, in the
department of Seine and Maine, with
an old caftle ; feated on the LoiD{|>
of
vig
COl
of
of
Alii
I'y
Ou
the peninful*
coall, ^:i miles
Nw of Tclli-
N E a
betwMn two hilli, 45 tnikt >st of
Paris.
Nen, a rivrr which rifea in the w part
of NnithAmptniiihire, and ii made aa-
vif(.abl« at North.^mptoii. It Icavna the
county at Peterborough, croflt'i the ifle
(if U\y, forms pAit of thv w bntindary
of Norfolk, and riiti!! into the Lincoln*
(hire Walh. It likewife coaimunicatef,
i)yr fcvcral channcU, with the Ortni
Oufi'.
!<i\iag.iy a town of Ireland, in the
county of Tipp<'rnry, with a caftic
fcated on a branch of the Shannon, 19
milcH NE of Limcric, and aj n of
Caniel.
Ntocasirot a town and fort of Euro-
pean Turki'y, in Romania, where the
Turks aiwayb keep a good garrifon. It
is fcated on the fkitit of Conftantinople»
iz miles n of Conitantinople.
Neot, St a town in liuntingdonihirr,
with a market on^Thurfday, and a con>
fidrrible trade in coal ; fcated on the
Oufc, over which is a (tone bridge, 20
miles wsw of Cambridge, and 56 nnw
of London.
Neottndob, a town of the kingdom of
Birmah, with a large manufacture of
japanned waro. It has flourifhed in
proportion as the ancient city of Pagahm
has decayed, and ia i'eated on the Irra-
waddy, four miles nn e of that city.
NepeaH Islan/t, a fniall illand in the S
Pacific ocean, pppofite Port Hunter, on
the 9 coait of Norfolk ifland.
Ncfti, a town of Italy, in the patri-
mony of St. Pctrr, fe.ited on the Trig-
lia, so miles n of Rome.
Nerac, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Lot and Garonne, divided
by the river IJaife into greaj and little
Kerac. In the feudal times, this was
the refidence of the lords of Albert,
vvhofe ftupendous caftle is now in ruins.
It is 16 miles wsw of Agcn, and 67 SE
of Boiirdcaux. Lon. o t& e, lat. 44
8 N.
Nerbuddot a river of Hindooftan,
which ilFues fi'om a lake on the s con-
fines of the province of Allahabad,
flows w for 700 miles, and enters the
gulf of Cambay, below Baroach. This
river receives few contributary (Ireams,
and forms the boundary between liin-
dooitan Proper and the Deccan.
Nereiheim, a town of Suabia, in the
county of Oettingen, with a late Bene-
didtine abbey on a mountain, whole
abbot was a prelate of the empire. It
is J5 miles wnw of Donawert.
NericiOi a province of Sweden, in
the divifion of Sweden Proper ; bound*
fcd by Sudermaaia, Woftmania, Werm-
N ET
land, and W and E Gothland. Orebro
is the capital, and the only con&derabk
place.
Nerondft a town of France, in the
department of Loire, 18 miles nnk of
Montbrifon.
Strtndti, a town of France, in tht
department of Cher, ao miles Kss of
Bouigei.
t\trthinsk, a town of Siberia, capital
of a province of the iame namr, but
fonxftimes called Daouria, in the gO'
vernment of Irkut(k, with a fort. Th«
adjacent country is inountaiiu)U6, but
yields excellent pafture for cattle ; and
there are fame conilderable lead and
Clver mines. It is fcated at the conflux
of the Nercha with the Shilka, 440
mites B of Irkutlk. Lun. 1 17 34 £, lat.
ji5aM.
Nestet a town of France, in the de*
partment of Somme, featcd on the Lin*
Kon, 15 miles e-sk of Amiens, and 66 s
by E of Paris.
iN't'if, Loch, a lake of Scotland, in
Invemefslhire, aa miles long and from
one to two broad. The depth is very
confiderabie ; and the higli hilin on
each fide prefent a delightful view of
wood, pafture, cultivated lands, and
rugged precipices. It is navigated by a
king's gaUey, which fupplies the gar-
rifon of Fort AugufluR, .11 its s extre*
mity, with (lores. Its outlet, at the w
extremity, is the river Nefs, which runs
into MuiTay Fiith, below Inverueft.
Ncjtvedt a town of Denmark, in tjie
iiland of Zealand, on the river Nefs, 38
miles sw of Copenhagen.
Netherlands, or Low Countries, n
country of Europe, anciently called
Gallia Belgica, a6o miles in length, and
from 100 to aoo in breadth ; bounded
on the w and n by the German ocean,
E by Germany, and s by France. In
the ninth century, the fons of emperor
Lewis the pious, having divided the
dominions of their father, who po(re(red
Germany, France, .nnd Italy, a new
kingdom was formed, comprehending
Germany and France, and a part of the
Netherlands. It was called Lotharia,
but did not long fiibfiil ; for it was
foon diivided into two : and that fcated
near the Mediterranean was called the
kingdom of Burgundy ; while the other,
to the N. had the name of Audraiia.
Neither did this laft continue long ;
it being divided into 17 provinces,
under diffirerit names, excluiive of the
territories of Liege and Upper Gelder-
land ; but they (till depended on the
empire of Ciermany, and were called
Lower Germany. In proccl's of time.
N ET
tht houfe of Burgundy purchafed many
of them, and was about to form them,
with Burgundy, into a Itingdom; hut
Charles the l>old, the laft dnJce of Bur-
fundy, being killed by the Swifs in 147;,
his part of the Netherlands devolved on
Mary, hi» only child ; by whofe mar-
riag«; with emperor Maximilian, the
Netherlands were an acquilition to the
houfe of Auftria. Emperor Charles v,
king of Spain, in 1555, abdicated the
fovereignty of the Netherlands, and,
foon after,{the Spanidi crown, in favour
of hie fon Philip. The tyranny of this
cruel bigot, Philip 11, who endeavoured
to introduce the inquifition into the
Low Countries, with the barbarities
exercifed by the duke of Alva, cxaf-
perated the people to fuch a degree,
that they threw off the Spanifh yoke,
and under the conduct of William 1,
prince of Orange, formed the famous
league of Utn-tcht, in 1579, which prov-
ed the foundation of the Republic of the
Seven United Provinces. After a long
war (with the interval of a truce of
twelve years) Philip iv exprtfsly ac-
knowledged the iideppudence of thefe
provinces, by the treaty of Weftphalia,
in 1648. The other ten provinces,
namely, Brabant, Antwerp, Malines,
Namur, Limburg, Luxemburg, Hain-
ault, Flanders, Artois, and Cambrefis,
returned under the dominion of Spain,
but with very favorable (lipulations
with refpedt to their ancient liberties.
On the acceflion of a branch of the
houfe of Bourbon to the Spanifli mo-
narchy, it was ftipulated, in [714, that
the Spanifh Netherlands ftiould return
to the German branch of the houfe of
Auilria; but fome confiderable parts
were obtained, by conqucft or cefllon,
by the French and Dutch. The Dutch
had pnrt of Brabant, Limburg, and
Flanders: the French had Artois and
Cambrefis; with part of Hainault, Flan-
ders, and Luxemburg. Auftria held the
reft ; and the provinces of Antwerp and
Malines were included under the name
of Auftrian Brabant. In 1788, em-
peror Jofeph II, having projerted many
innovations, and enforcing them with
violence, a univerfal fpirit of revolt
broke out ; an army of 40,000 men
rofe, as if by magic, to fupport the re-
nunciation of all allegiance, which feve-
ral of the provinces openly made; a
congrefs was formed from the different
ftatcs, in whom the fupreme govern-
ment was vefted; and by the end of
1789 the Aviftrians were expelled. The
new government, however, was not of
lor.? duration ; kr Leopold 11 (the luc-
NE U
ceflor of Jofeph) was enabled, partly
by conciliatory meafures, and partly by
the mediation of Great Britain, Pruffia,
and Holland, to recover the entire pof-
fcflion of his authority j the mediating
courts having guarantied the reftoration
of the ancient Belgic conftitution. In
1792 the French over-ran the Auftrian
Netherlands : they were driven out of
the country in 1793 j but they returned
in 1794, and fubdued every part of it ;
and in 1795 decreed it, with the territo-
ries of Liege and Upper Gclderland, an
integral part of the French republic.
To this country they gave the name of
Belgium, and divided it into the follow-
ing nine departments; Dyle, Forets,
Jemappe, Lis, Meufe Lower, Nethei
(Two), Ourthc, Sambre and Meufe,
and Scheldt ; which fee. The Nether-
lands, or Belgium, is 170 miles long
and 90 broad; bounded on the n by
Holland, E by Germany, sw by France,
and Nw by the German ocean. The
principal rivers are the Scheldt, Meufe,
Dyle, Sambre, and Lis ; and there are
many fine navigable canals. The air is
temperate, and the foil extremely fer-
tile ; but the mouths of the rivers and
harbours are frozen in winter. BrulTcls
is the chief town. Sec Holland, or
Dutch Netherlands.
Nethei, Tivo, a new department of
France, inch'ding the northern part of
Auftrian Bra'uant. It has its name from
two rivers which rifes on the e border,
and unite their ttreama at Liere. The
capital is Antwerp.
Nctsclikau, a town of Upper Saxony,
in Voigtiand, fituate on the Golfch, i j
miles sw of Zwickau.
Nettuno, a town of Italy, in Cam-
pagna di Roma, near the ruins of the
ancient Antium, at the mouth of the
Loracina, 24 miles s by e of Rome.
Neva, a river of RulTia, which ilFues
from the lake Ladoga, and flows to
Peterfljurg, where it divides into feve-
ral branches^ and enters the gulf of Fin-
land.
Neuburg, a fortified town of Bavaria,
capital of a principality of the fame
name. It ftands op "x hill, on the Da-
nube, and has two gates, but the fortiti-
cations are chiefly gone to decay. The
caftle is a large building, and contains a
hall of extraordinary jize, embcUiflicd
with portraits. It is 33 miles nnk of
Augfburg,and 60 sw of Ambcrg. Lon.
II 13 E,Iat. 48 43 N.
Neuburg, a town of the palatinate
of Bavaria, feated on the Schwarza, 1 7
miles ESE of Amberg.
Neubiirg, a town of Suabta, in Brif-
river
v.,
N E U
^aui Teated near the Khtne» u miles s
ot'Brifach.
i^'euburgt a town of Suabia, in the
duchy ot Wirtembiirg, leatcd on the
],nt'/„ aj miles w of Stutgard.
Nenchateau, a town of France, in the
«kpartmcnt of Vofges ; feutcd in a foil
fertile in corn and good wine, on the
river Meufe, 25 miles sw of Nancy.
Neuchateau, a town of the Nether-
]..ncls, in Luxemburg, 16 miles sw of
Bjftogne.
Neuchatel, a territory of SwifTerland*
yiwkh, with that of Vallengin, forms
one principality, between the lake of
Neuchatel and the borders of France ;
extending 36 miles from n to s, and 18
in its greatt^ft breadth. On the death of
the duchefs of Nemours, in 1 707, the
fovereignty of N«juchatel and V.illengin
was claimed by Frederic 1 of PruiTia, as
heir to the prince of Orange ; and his
right wa» acknowledged by the ftates
of the country, to whom he confirmed
their privileges and alliances. In 1806,
the king of PruflTia ceded this princi-
pality to the French marlhal Berthier,
and the grant was conti . med by Napo-
leon. The inhabitants are proteftants,
except in the two di(lri(5ls of Landeron
and Crtflior, where the catholics are
predominant. It is a hilly country,
watered by feveral lakes and rivers. The
foil is not equally fertile ; but there are
large vineyards that produce white and
red wine, which laft is excellent. The
padures on the mountains feed a great
number of cattle, and there are plenty
ofdeer in the forefts.
Xeuchatelt a lake of Swiflerland, which
ilretches, about 20 miles in length by
four in breadth, from the town of
Yverdun to that of Neuchatel, in a di-
redlion from sw to ne, at which ex-
tremity it has a communication with
the lake of Biel by a narrow outlet.
Neuchatelt a town of Swiflerland, ca-
pital of a principality of the fame name,
it is fituale partly on the plain between
the lalic of Neuchatel and the Jura,
and partly on the fide of that moun-
tain. The chief article of exportation
is wine, produced from the neighbour-
ing vineyards, and much cfteemml ; and
it has nianufaiftures of printed linens
and cottons. Many public works have
been lately executed, among which are
tlie new townhoufe, and a fuperb caufc-
way, leading toward the valley of St.
Imier. Neuchatel is 25 miles ne of
Laufanne, and 25 w of Bern. Lon. 7 o
E, lat. 47 5 N.
Nnucliatel, a town of France, in the
^f partmcBt of Lower Seine. It is noted
N EU
for excellent checfe, and featcd on the
Arques, ao miles sb of Dieppe.
NetuHJtfin, a town and caule of Fr.in«
conia, in the principality of Hohcnloe*
eight miles wnw ot Halle in Suabia.
Nev^rn, a village of Wales, in Pem^
brokcfhire, near u river of the fame
name, two miles ne of Newport. In
the churchyard (lands a fquare ftone,
13 feet high and two broad; the top is
circular, charged with a crofs, and all
the fides are carved with knot-work of
various patterns.
Nevers, a town of France, capital of
the department of Nievre, and lately a
biihop s fee- It is built in the form of
an amphitheatre, and contains ftveral
fine buildings; particularly the ancient
ducal pfilace, in which John Cafimir,.
king of Poland, expired in 1672- The
chief manufadtures are china, glafs, and
works of enamel. It is feated on the
Loire, at the influx of the Nievre, over
which is a handfome bridge, 15 miles
NNW of Moulins, and 145 s by K of
Pa^is- Lon. 3 9 k, lat. 46 ^^ n.
Neuffen^ a town of Suabia, in the
duchy of Wirtemiburg, with a fortrelij,
called Hoheneuffen, 17 miles se of Stut-
gard.
Neugarten, a town of Further Pomc-
rania, with a (Irong caflle, 15 miles n of
New Stargard.
Neuhaust a town of Bohemia, in the
circle of Bechin, with a caftle, 27 miles
£ by s of Bechin.
Neuhatu, a town of Lower Saxonyt
in the duchy of Bremen, near the 1 outh
of the Ofte. It was once a place of
great trade, but a fand bank arifing in
the harbour, at the entrance of the
Ofte into the Elbe, it is now much lefs
frequented. It is 1 9 miles n w of Stade.
Nenvhatuel, a town of Upper Hun-
gary, feated in a marlhy plain, on the
river Neitr.i, 43 miles ese of Prelburg.
Nevist one of the Leeward Caribbee
iflands, in the W Indies, divided from
the E end of St. Chriftopher by a nar-
row channel. It has but one moun-
tain, which is in the middle, very high,-
and covered with large trees up to the
top. Here is a hot bath, much of the
fame natitre as thofe of Bath, in Eng-
land- It is a fmall iiland, but very
fruitful, and fubjeft tp the Englifh.
Charlefton is the capital, on the s w fide*
defended by a fort. Lon. 6a !;o w, lat.
16 10 N.
Neukirchen, a town of Germany, in
the principality of HefTe Caflel, on the
river Fulda, 3a miles sse of Caflel.
Neumagen, a town of France, in the
department of ^arre, lately of Germany,
N i: u
in the eIe<Sorate of Treves ; Jcatcd on
the Mofelle, 17 milos ne of Treves.
Neumari, a town of the palatinate of
Bavnrin, 22 miles sw of Amberg.
Neumark, a town of Bavaria^ 3P
miles Nvv of Ratilbon.
Neumark, a town of Ba? aria, on the
river Roth, 17 miles se of Landfhut.
Neufnari, a town of Germany, in
Camiola, aB miles nw of I/^iubach.
Nettmaritt a town of Silcfia, in the
principality of BreOau. Near this place,
at the village of Leiithen, the Pnidians
f»ined a decifive viflory over the Auf-
trians in tyj^";. Neunurkt is xo miles w
iy N- of Brdlau.
Neufo<lf, a town of Silefia, in the
county of Glatz, on the river Wotitz,
•ight miles nnw of Glaty.
Neus, a river of N Carolina, which
wters Pamlico found, bch^w Newbcrn,
where it is a mile and a half broad.
NeujaltKf a town of Silcfia, in the
principality of Glogau, on the Oder,
17 miles NW of Glogau.
Neujatz, a ftrong town and fortrefs
of Hnngary, fvHmerly calltd Peterwar-
dein ijchanz. It, is the fee of a Greek
bilhop, and ftancis on the Danube, op-
politc Pcttvwardcin in Sclavonia-
Niusidlfi; a lake of Hungary, 25 miles
long and fix broad. It is j6 miles .si.w
of Preiburg, almoll furronnded by fens,
and has in its vicinity the caitle of Efttr-
hazy, which is faid to rival the pakcc
of Vorfailles in pomp.
Ncmnl, a town of Upper Hungary,
and a !;ifhop's fi-e, with a large call!;-,
in which is a church, covered with cop-
per- In the adjacent mouni.iins are the
grcnteft copptT mines in Hiiiigjry. It
is feated on the Gran, 2i miles n by e
ofSchcmnitz.
Neuitadtf a town of Audria, with .1
cattle, and an arfenal. It has the ilaple
right ovrr all goods coming from Italy,
and ftands on the frontiers of Hungary,
s8 miles s by w of Vienna. Lon. 16
18 K, lat. 47 50 N.
Netatailt, a town of Franconia, capi-
ta-it of the lower part of the princip»lity
pi B.iyreuth, with a caftle. The library
bfloiifring to the church cont;tins many
curiofities. It \\'ind8 on the river Aifch,
^.i miles PsE of Wurtzburg. ton. 10
4j E, lat. 49 ,^8 N.
Neustadt, a town of Franconia, in the
principality of Wurtzburg, feated on
llu' Sale, 16 miles n by e of Schwtiu-
furt.
yeiist/}</t, a town of Suabia, in the
duchy of Wirtemburg, fc-ated on the
Kochcr, I J miles nne of Ilailbron.
Meuitadty a town of Upper Saxony,
jh MIfnia, capital of a circle of the fame
name. It has a caftle, two churches,
and a mine office ; and on a mountain
near it is another caftle, called Arnf-
hnug. It is feated on the Oria, 4$
miles ssw of Leipfic. Lon. n 49 e,
lat. 50 45 N-
Niuit0dt, a town of Upper Saxony,
in the principality of Coburg, eight
miles NK of Coburg.
Netatndty a town of Brandenburg, in
the Middle mark- Here are extenfive
breweries, and manufaftures of eloth
and cutlery. It ftands on the Finow
canal, 31 miles ne of Berlin.
Neustadt, a town of BrandenbtiT^, in
the mark of Pregnilz, celebrated for its
manufacture of plate-glafs; feated on
the Dofl'e, eight miles en« of Havel,
berg.
heustadt, a town of Lower Saxony,
in the dnciiy of Holftein, with a caftle,
and a fpacious h,nrbour on the Baltic,
ao miles n by E "^Lubec. I^on. 1057
E, lat. 54 ip N.
Netutttdt, a town of Lower Saxony,
in the duchy of Mecklejiburg, with a
caftle, 17 milas s of Schwerin.
Neujtadt, a town of Lower Saxony,
in the duchy of Brunfwick Luneburg,
with a caftle, feated on the Leina, 15
miles N N w of Hanover.
Neustadt, a town of Bavaria, at the
conflux of the Abenft with the Danube,
1 6 miles E by n of Ingolftadt.
Neujt/idt, a town of the pal.atinafe of
Bavaria, with a caftle, on the river Nab,
27 miles NNE of Ambtrg.
Neuitadt, a town of Af oravia, \\\ the
circle of Olmutz, lo miles nw of 01-
mntz.
Neustadt, a town of Siltf.a, in the
principality of Oppeln, 14 miles se of
Neifie.
Nrustadt, t\ towH of Bohemia, in the
circle of Pilfen, 35 miles w by s of ^iU
fen.
^Neustadt, a town of Bohemia, on the
fiontiers of the county of Glata, 13
miles NE of Konigingrarz.
Aetistadf, ^ town of Weftphalia, in the
cninty of Mark, at tht- foot of a moun-
tain, 5p miles ESF. of DulU-ldorf.
Niustodt, a town of France, in the
department of Mont Tonnere, lately of
Geimany, in the palatinate of the
Ithine; feated on the Spirebach, 14
miles w of Spire.
Neustadtel, a town of Silefia, in the
principality of Glogau, 14 miles w of
Glogau, and 17 e by n of Sagan.
iseuville, a town of France, in the
department of Loirct, 11 railv'8 nns of
Orleans.
:irc|eofthcfame
, two churches,
on a mountain
1e, called Amf.
n the Oria, 4$
Loa. It 49 E,
Upper Saxony,
' Coburg, eight
Brantlcnburg, in
:re are cxtenfiv«
ȣtureB of cloth
s on the Finow
lerlin.
Brandenbtn^, >n
celebrated for its
glais; feated oq
EMK of Havel<
F Lower Saxony,
in, with a caftle,
r on the Baltic,
i>cc. I^on. 1057
Lower Saxony,
ilejiburg, with a
hwerin.
F Lower Saxony,
"wick Luncburg,
in the Lcina, ij
|f Bavaria, at the
vith the Danube,
ftadt.
le palatinate of
)n the river Nab,
rg-
\iovavia, in the
ntlos Nw of 01-
f SilcMa, in the
14 miles SE of
Bohemia, in the
■s w by b of J*iU
Johctnia, on the
y of Glut?., 13
7..
eftphatia, in the
foot of a moun-
fli-ldorf.
France, in the
nnere, lately of
atinate of the
Spirebach, 14
Silefia, in the
14 miles w of
if jiagan.
iFrajJcc, in the
|j milv8 NNS of
NeuviUtf a town of Swiffetland, in
the late biHiopri^: of Bafel, nine miles
NF. of Neu<:hatel.
NeuwieJ, a town of Weftphalia, ca-
pital of the lower county of Wicd, with
a fine caftle; feated oh the Rhine, feven
Biiles NW of Coblefttz-
Nevyn, or Newiti, a town of Wales,
in Carnarvonfliire, with a market on
Saturday. Here Edward I, in 12841
held his ttiumph on the conqiieft of
vVales. It is feated on St. George
channel, ai miles s by w of Cacnarvon,
and 249 WNW of London.
AW Forest, a foreft in that part of
Hamplhire which lies between Soath-
ampton water and the river Avon. It
is JO miles in length, and 1 5 in breadth ;
and has advantages of (ituatiou, with
lefpeit to conveyance by water carriage,
and vicinity to the dockyards, fnperior
to every other foreft; having, in its
neighbourhood, feveral places for Jhip-
ping timber. It was aflbrefted by Wil-
liam the conqueror, and was then 10
miles longer than it is now. His fpn
William Kufus was killed in this foreft
by an arrow, Ihot by Walter Tyrrel,
that accidentally glanced againft a tree,
the fite of which is now pointed out by
a triangular ftone. The lord warden of
thisforeft is appointed by letters patent,
tluring the king's plcafure, and all the
courts of jurifdlJlion ure held at Lynd-
hurft.
New River, an ailificial river of Eng-
land, originally brought from Amwell,
in Hertfordfliire, to Illington, for the
fupply of the metropolis with water.
It was finiftied in 1613, by fir Hugh
Middlcton, a citizen of London, who
expended his whole fortune in the un-
dertaking. It liHS fince been carried up
to afpring near Hertford, called Ch.id-
well, where the ftream is alfo iiicreafed
byaciitfi"om the river I..ea. Tliisii-
very with all its winding's, is 42 miles in
length, and is under the management
of a corporation called the New River
Company.
New Tear Ilarl^ptir, a good harbour
on tile N coaft of Staten Land. Lon.
64 II w, lat. 54 49 s.
i\V.7u Tear IsUinds, fmall iflancis near
New Year Harbour, on the n fide of
Staten Land.
Nexvark, a town of New Jerfey, ca-
pital of EfTex county, with two churches
and an .icadcmy. It is celfhrnted for
its cider, and has a confiderable manu-
fafture of fhoes. It ftands on the w
fyile of P.iflaick river, near its mouth in
Newark bay, nine miles w of New York.
ioQ. 74 iS w, lat. 4g 40 N>
■ 1^' E W
Nenvari, a town of Upper Canadi*
on the w fide of the river Niagara, at
its entrance into Lake Ontario, and op-
pofite the tovvn and fort of Niagara, a/
miles M by e of Fort Erie.
, Kewari, a borougl* in Nottingham-
ill ire, governed by a mayor, with a
market on Wednefday. It is foated
on the Trent, over which is a bridge*
and once had a handfome caftk-, now in
ruins. The church, reckoned one of
the fineft in tile kingdom, was eredt3d
by Henry iv. Here, in the midll of
troubles, died king John ; and henS
Charles; 1, after his defeat at Nafeby,
put himfi'lf into the hands of tlie ."Scotch
army, who afterward gave him up tc»'
his worft enemies. Newark has a good
trade, and is 17 miles ne of Notting-
ham, and ISO N by w of London. Loa*
o 4.5^ v/, lat. 53 6 N-
Neiubem, a maritime diftridt of "N
Carolina, comprehending the counties
of Carteret, Jones, Craven, Beaufort,
Hyde, Pitt, Wayne, Glafgow, Lenoir,
and Johnfton.
JSenvhern, a town of N CaiTolina, in
Craven county, capital of the diitrid of
its name. It lias a confiderable trade
in tar, pitch, turpentine, lumber, corn*
&c. and ftands on a fandy point of land,
formed by the conflux of the Neus and
Trent, q6 miles kse of Ralegb. Lon.
77 30 w, bt. 35 10 N*.
Si e<wfnijgcn, a fifliing town in North-
umberland, fituate on the n fide of
a bay to which it gives name, levca
miles K of Morpeth.
Ne'wborouv;!! , or Corey, a borough of
In.'taiui, in the county of Wexfm'd, 25
miles N bv E of Wexford, and 47 « of
Dublin.
Ne<ii'h!irj;7h a town of Scotland, in
Fif<"fliire, with a good harbour on tbc
frith of Tay. Here the large vclTels bi^-.
longing to Perth unlond tiieir good*
into lighters. The principal miiiufaiC-
ture is linen. It is 10 miles se of Perth,
and 18 \v of St. Andrew.
AV-tt'^Krw/j, a town of Wales, in the
iile of Anj^Iefey, governed by a mayor,
witS a m,;iket on Tuei'diy, ic miles sw
of Beaumaris, and 150 nw of London-
NeivLinjf, a town of Now Trork, in
inflcr county, on the vv fide of Hudfon
river. Ships of confiderable burden
may unload at the wharfs, and many
vefiels are built here. It is 3; miles i
of Kingfton, antl 54 sr of New York.
ISecuburtf, a toivn in Bi-rlrffiire, go-
verned by a mayor, witii a market oa
Thurfday, .md manufadures of drug-
gets, ftialoons, and broad clotlis; and
a cotifiderablii trafilc in matt by the
N EVT
Kennet and Avon canal. Two battles
were fought near this town with du-
bious fuccefs, between the forces of
Charles I and theparliament, in 1643 and
1644. It is feated on the Kennet, z6
miles s of Oxford, and 56 w of London.
tienvbury, a town of Vermont, ca-
pital of Orange county, fituate on the
ConneAicut, jo miles nne of Windfor,
and 60 ESK of Burlington.
Newbury Port, a feaport of Maf-
fachufets, in Effex county, with fix
churches and a court-boufe. Large,
quantities of rum are diftilled here, and
the inhabitants have a confiderable trade
with the W Indies and the fouthern
ftates. The harbour is fafe and com-
modious, and the bulinefs of (hip-build-
ing is carried on largely. It is fituate
on the river Morrimac, two miles from
the fea, and 35 NueofBofton. Lon.
70 5b vv, lat 4a 48 N.
NenvcastUy a town of Wales, in Car-
marthenfhire, with a market on Friday.
It had a fine caftle, now in ruins ; nnd
is feated on the Tyvy, 17 miles nnw of
Carmarthen, and 430 wnw of London.
Newcastle, a borough of Ireland, in
the county of Dublin, 10 miles wsw of
Dublin.
Netwcastle, or Neivcastle under Lyne,
a borough in Staffordfhire, governed by
a mayor, with a market on Monday,
and manufactures of hats and earthen
ware. • It had four ch' rches, now re-
duced to one ; ana the caftle, whence
it had its name, is quite demoliflied.
It (lands on a branch of the Trent, 15
miles N by w of Stafford, and 149 nn%v
of London.
Newcastle, or Newcastle upon Tyne,
a borough and feaport in Northumber-
land, fituate on the n fide of the Tyne,
over which is a bridge to Gatefhead,
on the Durham fide. It is governed by
a mayor, and has a market on Tuefday
and Saturday. In 180 1 the number of
inhabitants was 28,366. The river
admits fiiips under 400 tons burden to
come up to the town, and larger ones
areftationed below,at Shields. Through
this place went part of that wall which
extended from fea to fea, and was built
by the Romans to dcttnd the Britons
againO: the incurfions of the Pifls. The
%Gwn is defended by a flrong wall,
above two miles in circumference, in
which are feven gates, and as many
turrets, with fcveral cafemcnts bomb-
proof ; but the cafile is old and ruhions.
The wall on the s fide runs parallel
with the river, leaving a fpaciovis piece
of ground between them both, which
ftttmt a long and noble quay. Heic
N E W
are four parifh churches, and that of
St. Nicholas, which ftands on a hill,
has a lofty fteeple of curious architec-
ture. Among the other public buildingi
is a manfion-houfe for the mayor, an
exchange, and a large hofpital for the
maintenance of poor keelmen ; alfo
feveral charitable foundations, fituate
in the centre of the great collieries
which have for centuries fupplied Lon-
.don and moft of the fouthern parts of
the kingdom with coal. This trade has
been the fource of great opulence to
Newcaftle; it alfo poflcfles manufac-
tures of fteel, iron, glafs, foap, fine
and coarfe earthen ware, and copperas ;
and it exports large quantities of lead,
fait, falmon, butter, tallow, and grind-
ftones. Ships are fent hence tO| the
Greenland fifhery. The ftreets in the
old part of the town are narrow, and
the buildings crowded together; but
•w ne of the newer parts are handfome
a; d commodious. It is 14 miles n of
Du;-ham, and 570 n by w of London.
Lon. I 14 w, lat. 54 57 m.
. Newca.'tle, a town of Delaware, ca-
pital of a county of the fame name,
with two churches. It was fettled by
the Swedes in 16*7, and called Stock-
holm ; afterward taken by the Dutch,
and called New Amftcrdam ; and falling
into the hands of the Englifh, it wag
called Newcaftle. It is the oldeft town
on the river Delaware, and 35 miles sw
of Philadelphia. Lon. 75 38 w, lat. 39
Newcastle, a town of Virginia, in
Hanover county, feated on the Pamun-
ky, a branch of York river, 24 miles ke
of Richmond.
Newenberg, A town of Germany, in
Tyrol, three miles nw of Feldkirch.
Newenham, Cape, a rocky point of
conftderable height, on the w coaft of
N America, forming the n extremity of
a vaft bay called Briftol Bay, of which
the promontory of Alalkaisthe s Ijoun-
dary. It was difcovered by Cook in
1778. Lon. i6j 24 w, lat. 58 44 n.
Newent, a town iu Gloiicefterfliirc,
with a market on Friday, feated on a
branch of the ScverH, eight miles nw of
Gloucefter, and iia wnw of London.
Newfane, a town of Vermont, chief
of Windham county, fituate on Weft
river, a8 miles ene of Bennington, and
80 WNW of Bofton.
Newfoundland, an ifland on the k
coaft of N America, between 47 and 5 s
N. lat. It was difcovered by St-baftian
Cabot in 1496 ; and after many difputes
with the French, it was ceded to the
Englifh in 1 7 1^ . Its form is triangular;
thcN
by th«
apex i
which
tainou
being i
the ye<
of its <
vifited
has fev
are abc
tinue
foH of
forts.
NEW
the V point is feparated from Labrador*
by the ftrait of Betleifle, and from this
apex it i» 350 miles in length to the bafe,
v»bich ia 300 in breadth. It is a moun*
tainous, woody country, and very cold,'
being covered with fnow five months in
the year. It feems to have no inhabitants
of its own, but in the fummer time is
vifited by the Efquimaux Indians. It
hag fevcral bays and harbours, and there
are about 500 EngliOi families who con-
tinue here all the year, befide the garri-
foN of St. John, Placentia, and other
forts. In the fiOiing feafon, which be-
gins in May and ends in September, it
is reforted to by at lead: 10,000 people,
on account of the great fifhing-banks
to the SE of the ifland; for here they
cure the cod, which is carried not only
to England, but to the Mediterranean
and the W Indies. In winter, the chief
employment of the inhabitants is to cut
wood ; and the fmalleft kind, ufed for
fuel, is drawn by their large dogs, train«
ed up and harnelTed for that purpofe.
There is great plenty of game, fifli, and
fowl, but very little corn, fruit, or cat-
tle. St. John is the principal fettlement.
Newhaverty a town in Suffex, near the
mouth of the Oufe, with a fmnll harbour.
The entrance of the river is defended by
a battery ; and the haven is generally
made the ilation of a floop of war, to
intercept the fmuggling trade. It is
feven miles s by e of Lewis and 57 of
London.
Newfiaven, a feaport of Connedicut,
capital of a county of its name. The
half-yearly affembly of the ftate is held
liore in October. Near the centre is
the public fquare, in which are the flate-
houfe, two college edifices, and a chapel,
three churches for congregationaliits,
and one for epifcopalians. Here are
manufactures of card-teeth, linen, but-
tons, cotton, and paper. The harbour
has good anchorage, and is defended by
a fort. It carries on a confiderable trade
with New York and the W India iflands ;
and ftands at the head of a bay, four
miles N of Long Ifland found, and 13?
NE of New York. Lon. 7? 58 w, lat.
41 17 N.
2s'ewmarket, a town in SuflTolk, with
a market f - ThurlUay. It is the mod
celebrated place in England for liorfe-
racrs ; and here Charles 1 1 built a houl'e
for the fake of this diverfion. It is 13
miles w of Bury, and in n by e of
Loudon.
^eiumarket, a town of Virginia, in
Amherll county, on the n fide of James
river, at the influx of the Tye, 100
miles above Richmond.
NEW
^ewmtllst a town of Scotland, ia
Ayrfliire, near the river Irvine, ix miles
£ by s of Kilmarnock;
Newnhanit a town in.Groucefterfliire»
with a market on Friday, feated on the
Severn, I a miles wswot Gloucelter, and
ISO wNw of London.
Newporti a borough of Hampfhirr*
and the chief town in the ifle of Wight,
governed by a mayor, with a market oa
Wednefday and Saturday, and a ma-
nufa^ure of ftarch. It is feated on the
river Cowes, which is navigable for
fmall veifels, 17 miles s.by v. of South-
amp'ton, andpi sw of London. Lon.
I 16 w,lat. 50 4a w.
Neivport, a borough in Cornwall^
which has no market, three miles n of
Launcefton, and 214 w by s of London.
Newport^ a town in Shropfhire, with
a market on Saturday, and a handfome
frcefchool, 17 miles E of Shrewibury,
and 139 NW of London.
Necivportt a town in Monmouthfliire,
with a market on Saturday. It was
formerly walled round, and defended
by a caftle, confiderable remains of
which are yet in being. Near it are
the veftiges of a camp. It is feated on
the river Uflc, 19 miles ssw of Mon«
mouth, and 118 vv by n of London.
Newport, a towH of Wales, in Pem-
brokcfljire, governed by a mayor, with
a market on Saturday, and the ruins of
a caftle. It is feated at the foot of a
high hill, on a bay of the fame name, 18
miles NE. of St. David, and ajo wnw
of London.
Newport, a feaport of Rhode Ifland, ■
chief town of a county of the fame name,
and the femi-metropolis of the ftate.
It ftands on the sw end of Rhode Ifland,
about five miles from the fea, and has
10 edifices for public worftiip. a flou-
rilhing academy, an elegant ftate-houfe,
and a handfome public library. Its
harbour is one of the fineft in the world;
and to the w of the town is Goat Ifland,
on which is a fort. Newport has a
confiderable trade, and is 80 miles nb of
New York. Lon. 71 15 w, lat. 41 30 N.
Newporty a town of the ftate of
Georgia, in Liberty county, fituate on a
navigable creek, eight miles above Sun«
bury, and 34 ssw of Savanna.
Newport, A town of Delaware, in
Newcaftle county, on the N fide of
Chrirtiana creek, 31 miles sw of Phi-
ladelphia.
Newport Pagttel, a town in Buck,.
inghamfliire.with a marketon Saturday,
and a manufacture of bonelace ; feated
on the Oufe, 14 miles enk of Buck-
ingham, and 5« .vNW of London. ,
Krufp0ft Prmttt « fitaport ctf Irelilld»
ia th« couDtj of Majo, fituate near the
mouth of a river, which entersCtow bay*
mght miles w of Caftlebar. Lon. 9 n
W» lat. 53 53 >»• . . ,
Nev/rg, a river of In>Ian<l> which it-
parates the counties of Armagh and
£k>«rn> and enters Carlingford bay* twO-
miles below the town of Newry.
Nevurtf, a borough of Irekmd, in the
county of Down, fitUate on the (ide of
a fteep hiil» by a river of the fame name*
VefTels of too tons burden can come up
to the town ; and by means of the
Newry canal, to the river Bann, it hasa
communication with Lough Neagh.
Hereis a contiderable linen manufacture,
and a trade in fliipping. Newry was
burned by the duke of Berwick in 16&9 »
but is now become the largeft town in
the county. It is 49 miles n of Dublin.
Lon. 6 ao w, lat. 54 15 n,.
Nenutont a borough in Lancafhire,
vrhofe market is now difuied. The
!i^nkey canal from St. Helens to the
Merfey pufles near this place. It is
five miles n of Warrington, and 193 nw
of London.
Nnvton, a boi^ough of Hampfiiire, in
the ille of Wight, governed by a mayor,
but the market is now difufed. It
Aands on a bay of its name, which at
high water will admit veflels of 500
tons, but from its fituatioo on the nw
coaft is little frequented. It is iive miles
w of Newport.
Netwton liushett a town in Devon-
ihire, with a market on Wednefday)
and a manufacture of woollen cloths;
ieated on the Teign, 15 miles s by W of
Exeter, and i8a wsw of London.
Nrwton Dctigias, a town of Scotland*
in Wigtonfhire, fituate on the Cree,
which is na /iifable for fmall vcHcIs to
within two miles a( the town. Here
are manufactures of cotton and carpets,
and feveral tan-works. It is fevcn miles
K by w of Wigton, and 18 E by u of
port Patrick.
Nnutown, a town of Wales, in DJont-
?[omeryihire,with amarketon Saturday,
bated on the Severn, fevcn miles sW of
Montgomery, and 177 wnw of Lon-
don.
Nfiwtorjjit, a town of Pennfylvania,
capital of Buckscounty, five miles from
th« Delaware, and ao n»e of Phila-
delphia. Lon. 7 J I w, lat. 40 14 n.
Ne'^'tomin, a town of Nevi'Jerfey, the
feat of juftice in Suflex county, 60 miles
K ©f Trenton. Lon. 75 a w, lat. 41
3 ^%
Ke<wte<wnf a tovm of New York, in
Tioga county, where the judicial courts
1^1 A
arc heliJl in February. It is fituate near
Tioga river, 50 miles w by n of Union,
ftnd 70 SE of Willlamwurg.
Ne<wto<w>i» a town of Connecticut, in
Fairfield county, nine miles e by n of
Danbury, and z6 nw of Newhaven.
Nev)to<u/n Ardet, a borough df Ire-
land, in the county of Down, with a
confiderable linen manufacture. It is
fituate on the northern point of Strang,
ford Lough, eight ntiles e of Belfaft.and
16 N of Downpatrick.
Nenuiovin LimavaJy, a borough of
Ireland, in the cuUnty of Londonderry,
with a linen manufacture. It ftands on
the river Roe, near the e fide of Lough
Foyle, 15 miles ene of Londonderry.
Neyittt or AVy/<r, a town of Ne«^
Granada, on the Madalena, 75 miles
wsw of St. Fe de Bogota.
Ney/and, a town in Stlfiblk, with a
market on Friday, !>ri a manufaClure of
fays and bays ; feated on the StoUr, 16
miles sw of Ipfwich, and 57 ne of
London.
Neyrae, a town of France, in the
department of Aveiron, 18 miles n of
Kodez.
Nejfva, a town of New Granada,
near the Madalena, 130 miles sw of St.
Fc de Bogata.
Nezin, a town of Ruffia, in the go-
vernment of Tcherni^of, confiderable
for its fur trade, zb miles se of Tcher-
nigof.
Ngan-ehaitt a city of China, of the
firft rank, in the province of Koei«
tcheou. Its territory is very mountain-
ous, and contains feveral garrifuned
forts, to keep in awe the inhnbitants^
who are independant, and live on the
niountatns. It is 1000 miles S3w of
Peking. Lon. 105 3a b, lat. 36 is K.
Ngan-king, a city of China, capitilt
of thtt w part of the province of Kiang-
nan. It is defended by a fort, and
feated on the Kian-ku, 575 miles s of
Peking. Lon. 1 16 45 e, lat. ^o 37 n.
}<jgan-/o, a city of China, of the firft
rank, in the province of Hoti-quang.
It has .1 confiderable trade, and fiands
in a val* plain, on the river Han, 575
miles ssw of Peking. Lon. 1123 k*
lat. 31 14 N.
^uigara, a rivcr of N America, Which
fbrms the commnnicatjon between tlie
lakes Faieand Ontario, and flows from
s to N about 36 miles. At the head of
this rivcr, on its weftcrn (hore, is Fort
Erie ; and 18 miles helow this are thofe
reminkable Falls, which are reckoned
among the grcateft natural curiolitics
in the world. The rivcr is here 74a
yards wide- Tlit halfmile immediately
m
NIC
above the cataraAs is a rapid, in which
the water falls 58 feet ; it is then thrown,
with aitoniihing grandeur, down a
flupendous precipice of 150 feet per-
pendicular, in three diftindt and col-
lateral fheets ; and in a rapid that ex-
tends to the diftance of nine miles below^
falls nearly as much more. '1 he river
then flows in a deep channel till it enters
Lake Ontario, at Fort Niagara.
Niagara^ a town and fort of New
yorit,'in Ontario county, on the b fide
of the river Niagara, at its entrance into
Lake Ontario, and oppofite Newark,
in Upper Canada. The fort was erefted
by the French, in 1751 ; and was taken
from them in 1579, by fir William
Johnfon. It is i3 miles below the ca-
tarafls, and 80 nw of Willianlburg.
Lon. 78 58 w.lat. 43 4 n.
Niast a fmall ifland, noar the w coaft
of the ifland of Sumatra, remarkable
for the beauty of the women, who arc
purchafed as flaves by the Dutch and
Portuguefe. Lon. 07 o e, lat. o 40 n.
Nibe, a town o? Denmark, in N
Jutland^ nine miles wsw of Alburg.
Ktbiano, a town of Italy, in the du-
chy of Piacenza, 16 miles sw of Pia-
cenza.
Nicaragua, a province of Mexico, in
the audience of Ouatimala, bounded on
the N by Honduras, e by the Atlantic
ocean, se by Colta Rica, and sw by the
Pacific ocean. It is 400 miles fiom e
tow, and 120 from n to s. Tt is well
watered by lakes and rivers, and pro-
duces plenty of fugar, cochineal, and
fine chocolate. Leon de Nicaragua is
the capital.
Nicaragua, a lake of Mexico, in the
province of the fame name, 350 miles in
circumference. It it interfperfed with
iiiande, and abounds in flfhes, but in-
fefted with crocodiles. The sw ex-
tremity is only a few leagues from the
Pacific ocean, and the se end commu-
nicates with the Atlantic ocean by the
river St. Juan.
Nicaragua, a city of Mexico, in the
province of the fame name. It Hands
at fome didanee sw of the lake, and
near the mouth of a river, in the Pa-
cific ocean, I ao miles se of Leon de
Nicaragua. Lon. 86 10 w, lat. u 15 n.
Nicaria^nn ifland of the Archipelago,
between Samos and I'ina, anciently
called Icaria. It h 50 miles in circum-
ference, and full of rocks. Lon. a6 30 £,
lat. 1)7 40 N.
Nicastroy a town of Naples, in Ca-
labria Ulteriore, with an ancient cattle,
17 miles ssB of Cofenza.
Nice, a late county of Italy, 60 miles
N I C
long and 30 broad ; bounded on the «
by Piedmont, e by the territories of
Genoa, s by the Mediterranean, and \v
by the river Var and thciMaritime Alps,
which divide it from France. It was
anciently an appendai'ge of Provence, in
France; and afterward, for many years,
belonged to the king of Sardinia. In
179a it wa* conquered by the Frenchj
and has been fincc decreed by them an
integral part of France, and made the
department of Maritime Alp>i.
riice, a city and feaport of France*
capital of the department of Maritime
Alps, and a bifliop's fee. " It lately be-
long«^d to Italy, and was the capital of
a county of the fame name. It is of a
triangular form, and confined in its fitu-
atioi), having a high rock on the f, the
rivd- Paglion on the w, and the Medi-
terranean on the s ; from whicd ' ; ft it
is fcparated by a beautiful and extent
five terrace, ufed as a public walk. It
has a ftrdng citadel, built on the rock,
and on the w it is fortified with a wall
and a ditch. The harbour is on the b
fide of the rock, and failed Limpia,
from a fmall river that enters into it.
The exports are filk, fweet oil, wine,
cordials, rice, oranges, lem«ins, and all
forts of dried fruits. It has been feVeral
times taken by the French , and laft of
all in 1794. It was retaken by the
Auftrians in 1800, but they evacuated
it in a week afterward. It is four milea
E of the mouth of the Var, and 8:j 3 6y
w of Turin. Lon. 7 16 E, lat, 4^4^ at.
Nice, a city of Natolia. See tjnic.
Nic/taburg, a town of Perfia, famous
for a mine of turquois-flones in its
neighbourhood. It is 37 miles s of
Mefched.
Nicholas, St. one of the largoft and
mod pleafant of the Cape Verd iflandf,
between St. Lucia and St. Jago. It is
75 miles in length ; and is therefidence
of the billiop of the ifles. Lon. 14 10
w, lat. 16 32 N.
Nicholas, St. a town of Fnnco, in the
department of Meurfe, with a hand-
fome church, to which pilgrims for-
merly reforted. It is feitod on the
Meurte, fcvtn miles se of Nancy.
Nicholas^ St- or JMole, a town, haf-
bour, and cape, at tbe nw extremity of
St. Domingo, commanding vhe ftrait
called tlie Windward Pafyjige. The
harbour is ftrongly fortified by nature
and art ; and fliips of any burden may*
ride at anchor in the ba'fin, even during
a hurricane. It was takeq by the En-
glifl>, tided by the French rojralifts, in
1793 ; and was evacuated in 179?.
Lon. 73 30 w, lat. 19 49 n.
i i
^iiiki^
Kit
Nithelai hlanJ, a fnnalt iflanil on tfie
V c«aft of the ifland of Cuba. Lon. 7 <;
4c w, lat. 33 so N.
I^icohar Islanus, feveral iflandson the
E fide of the bay of Bengal. They are
almoft entirely uncultivated ; but the
cocoa-nut. the mellori or leruin (a kind
of bread fruit) and other tropical fmits,
grow fpontartfoudy ; there are ,alfo
yams anrJ tweet potatoes, and the edible
bird's ncfts fo much efteemed in China.
Dogs and hogs are the principal ani-
mals. Ti!e inhabitants are few, and
their indolence extreme. They are tall,
and well proportioned, with black eyes,
black lank hair, and dark copper-co-
loured ikins. They live in little huts,
having no towns, and go quite naked
except a cloth abou*'. tht:f waift with a
fmall ftring hanging down behind-
Thefe iflands extend northward, from
the N point of Sumatra. The largeft,
which gtvcH name to the reft, is 25 miles
long and 10 broad. Its s extremity is in
lon. 94 13 K, lat. 6 30 N.
ytcolttyef, « city of RulTia, in the
government of Catherinenllaf, founded
by Catherine 11, on the s fide of the
Ingulf at its oonflux with the fiog. The
public buildings and a number of private
houf«.-s are conilrudled of a white cal'
careous (lone, but the reft of the hoiifes
are of wood. This place being of eaficr
accefs by water for vefTels than Cherfon,
it is now the capital of the naval cftab-
Kfhmcnt of the Black fea. The admi-
ralty, with a long line of magazines,
worklhops, wet and dry docks, and
every neceflary department for fliip-
ping, are placed along the bank of the
Ingiil. It i»3o miles nne of Oczakow,
and 45 Nw of Cherfon. Lon. 50 46 e,
lat. 4658 K.
JSicolo, St. the moft confiderable of
the ifles of Tremeti, in the gulf of Ve-
nice. It has a harbour, defended by a
fortrefs, in which is an abbey and a
church. Lon. 15 ;<7 e, lat. 42 10 n.
Nicohbiirg, a town of Moravia, on
the frontiers of Auftria, with a caftle on
.a mountain, 12 miles kne of Laab.
Nicopoli, a town of European Tur-
key, in Bulgaria, famous for the firft
battle fought between the Turks and
the Chriftians in 1396, when emperor
Sigifmund was defeated, and had 20,000
men killed. It is featcd on the Danube,
at the influx of the Ofma, 60 miles ssw
of Buchorcft, and 150 nnw of Adria-
noplc. Lon. aj 43 e, lat. 44 16 n.
iViVo/o//, or G/anis/i, a town of Turk-
ilh Armenia, built by Pompey in me-
laory of a viftory gained over M ithri-
datea. It is 15 miles a of Erz;aum.
Xieesiat the capital of Cyprus, felted
near the mountain Olympus. From
the time of Conftantine the great, till
1567,, it WIS nine miles in circumfe-
rence'; but the Venetians, finding it too
extenfive, reduced it to three, and for.
tified it with eleven baftions and three
gates ; all the reft they razed to the
foundation, demolifliing temples, pa-
lace9; and the moft beautifid monu-
ments. In ij7e, it was befieged 45
days by the Turks, and then taken by
9 general aifault. There art plantations
of olives, almonds, lemons, oranges,
mulberries, and cyprefs-trees, inter,
fperfed amnng the houfes. The churck
of St. Sophia is an old Gothic ftruAurc,
which the Turks have turned into a
mofque ; and in that of St. Nicholas,
the principal merchants afTemble to
tranfaft commercial bufinefs. The ba-
zar isextenfive, well fupplied with pro-
vifions, and remarkably clean. Lon. 23
ifi E, lat. 3530 N.
Nicojia, a town of Sicily, in Val di
Demona, la miles s of CefaUi.
I^icotera, a town of Naples, in Ca-
labria Ulteriore, near the coaft of tlie
Mediterranean, 35 miles nne of Reggio,
and 185 SE of Naples. Lou. 16 30 e,
lat. ^:(8 34 N.
A/Voy/i, a town of ^fexico, in Coll,i
Rica, fituate on the Difpenfa, which
runs into the bay of Salinas, where theie
is a pearl fiflicry. It is 98 miles wnw
of Cartago. Lon. 85 40 w, lat. jo
40 V.
Nicsara, a town of AfiaticTurkey,
in Caramania, and an archbifliop's fee,
10 miles N of Tocat. Lon. 36 9 e, lat.
39 -5 N.
A'»V/aw, a town of SwiHerland, capi-
tal of a bailiwic in the canton of Bern,
with a caftle ; fituate on the lake of
Biel, 15 miles nw of Bern.
^iiltia, a town of Germany, in Wct-
teravia, feated on a river of the fantie
name, ao miles nk of Frankfort.
i^'idccient a town of France, in the
jdeparlmcnt of Roer, lately of Germany,
in the duchy of Juliera ^ fituate on a
rock, and furrounded by rocks, n miles
ssE of Juliers.
^'tdiibabadt a town of Hindooflan, in
the province of Oude, 80 miles nne of
Delhi. Lon. 78 41 e, lat. 29 35 N.
JSiebla, a town of Spain, in Andalufia,
on the river Tinto, 40 miles w of Se-
ville.
Niemeci, a town of Saxony Proper,
on the river Ada, 18 miles n of Wittea-
berg.
Jyhmecz, a ftrong town of Eui opean
Turkey, inMoldavia, fituate ona aioun'
i 98 miJes WNw
axony Proper,
s N of Witten-
tain, on a Hver of the fame name, f6
taikt W8W of JalTy. Lon a6 16 e, lat.
46j8N.
fiiemen, a river which rifcs in Lithua-
nia, and palfes by Bielica and Grudua ;
it then runs through part of Samogitia
and £ Prufllia, and enters the Cut ifch
Haff, by feveral mouths, of which the
grincipal and moft northern is called the
ufs.
ISienburg, a ftrong town of Weftpha-
lia, in the county of Hoya, with a coii-
fiderable trade in corn and wool ; feated
on theWefer, 37 miles sse of Bremen.
Lon. 9 15 E,lat.,5J39 •*.
Nienitirjfy a town of Weftphalia, in
tbe principality of Munfter, feated on
tbeDinkel, 33 miles NW of Munfter.
}i'iefiiur^, a town oF Upper Saxony,
in the principality of Anhalt-Cothcn,
with a palace belonging to mc prince ;
feated on the Saale, eight miles nw
' ofCothen-
Meti/mus, a town of Weftphalia, in
the county of Bentheim, with the luins
of a citadel; feated on the Dinkcl, 16
miles N N w of Bentheim.
Ntenhaus, a town of Weftphalia, in
the principality of Paderborn, with a
caftle, the refldenceof the prince ; feat-
ed on the Lippe, two miles nne of
Paderborn.
Nieper. See Dnieper.
l^ieiter. See Dniester.
Nieuport, a feaport of the Nether-
lands, in Flanders, at the mouth of the
Yperlee. Here are fluices, by which
the country can be laic' under water.
The inhabitants are priacipally fiftier-
men, who fubfift by the herring fifticry,
and by making nets and ropes. In
1606, prince \laurice gained here a
great viflory over the Smniards. It
has been often taken in fubfequent wars ;
the laft time by the French in 1794. It
is nine miles sw of Oftend. Lon. a 45
B, lat. 51 8 N.
_ Nieuport, a town of Holland, on the
river Leek, 15 miles e of Rotterdam.
Nievre, a department of France, In-
cluding the iate province of Nivernois.
It takes its name from a fmall river,
which i-ifes near Champlemy, and runs
into the Loire, at Ncvers, tl.e chief
town of the department.
Niger, a large river of Africa, whicli
rifesin the fame mountains as the Sene-
gal, in the w part of Negroland. It
flows N through the country of Man-
dingo, and then takes an eafterly courfe
through the kingdoms of Bambara,
Tombudloo, Trocur, and Ghana, to
Wangara, where it divides into feveral
branches, and is fuppofed to lofe itfelf
!n the lakes and fanSy deferts to the e
and s of that country. 1^ Moort
and Arabs call it Neel il Abecd, or .
Kiver of Slaves,'' and Neel Kibcer, or
Great River. In .'•■ rainy feafun it
fwells above its banks, ahd floods the
adjacent lands.
Nigono, a town of Italy, in the duchy
of jVlode"!3, az niilesa.v ofModena. .
Nigritia. See Negroland.
Nile, a great rivi r of Africa, which,
accordingtoMr.Bruce.infcsinAbyllinia,
near the village of Gecfti, in hui. 36 j j
K, lat. 10 <9 N. It runs firft through
the lake Dernbea, then makes a circuit
toward its fource, which it leaves 25
miles to the e, and enters into Nubia,
through which country it makes a cir-
cuitous courfe, and forms fome con*
Hderable catarafts. It then flows alftioft
direftly s through Egypt, till it arrives
at Cairo ; and a little beHw that city
it divides into two great branches,
which, with the Mediterranean fea,
form the ifland called Delta. The an- .
cients reckoned eleven mouths of the
Nile, af which feven were conGderable ;
but now there are only two that are
navi^'able at all times ; arid thofe are at
Rofetto and Damictta. In the middle
of this river, between Old Cairo and
Gizch, is feated the iOand of R&dda,
which is almoft as long as Old Cairo,
and 500 paces in breadth in the middle %
and the 6ront of the Mekias takes up all
the breadth of the fouthem part. This
is the v/ork of the Saracens, and derives
its name from its ufe, for it fignifies mea*
fure. In reality they obferve there every
day, by means of a graduated column,
the incn-afe or decr»?afe of the waters of
the Nile. This river overflows regularly
every year, from the 15th of June tt*
the 17th of September, when it begins
to decreafe. The ftrtility of Egypt de-
pends upon the overflowing of the Nilej
and they reckon it vill be a bad year
when it is lefs than 14 cubits, or above
18 ; but 16 cubits is the proper height.
During the inundation^ the little towns,
ftatiding upon eminences, look like fo
many iflands, and they go from one to
the other by boats. In Cairo there is a
canal called Khalis, which is opened
when the water is high enough ; thence
it is conveyed into refervoirs and cif-
terns, and is afterward diftributed into
the fields' and ganieiis, as occaGon re>
quires. ' Tiiid inundation of the Nile ia
caufed by the periodical rains which
fall every year between the tropicSt
and more particularly in Abylfinia,
which is full of high mountains.
Nimtjiuenf a city of Holland, capital
I i a
of Oclderland, with • citadel, an rp<
cirnt pa!ace» and feveral forto. It in
nlfo the capitai of u county of its nmne,
or of the ihund of Retuwe, the ancient
Uatavia. The churchea urc, in general,
hundfome AruAures; and the town-
houfc is remurlcable for it» beauty aiul
tnagnificencn. The inhabitimts ful)ri(^
chiefly by brewing ale, and their trade
with Oermany. Thia city is celebruud
in hiftory on account of reycral Iroatifs
of pence concluded her'.' in 167(1. It
was tulton ljy the French in 1794. Jt
ftands on the Wual, 10 miles www of
Clcve, and 35 KaK of Utrocht. Lon.
51 MK.Iat. 51 51 N. ^. , .
riiutptsebt a town of Silcua, ni the
principality of Briog. with a caillc on an
eminence, 15 mili:8 kse of Schwcid-
nit7..
l^ineti/slx't a diftriA of S Carolinit,
comprehending the counties of Kdgc*
Sold, Abbeville, Laurt'tis, and New-
bury. It produces confulcrablt! quan-
tities oftohaeco. The cliirf town was
formerly of the fame 'Mme, but iu now
culled Cambridge'
NiHjf-iouef a city of China, of the
firft ranlt,in the province of Kiang-nan,
noted for its inanufa^urcs of paper,
made of a fpecies of reed. Its .lifti-kl is
very hilly, but plealant; and tht; fur-
roundingmountains.covored with woods,
produce excoll«.Mit medicinal plants. It
II featcd on a river, which runs '..to the
Kiang-hu, 5.:t7 miles s by b of Peking.
Lon. 118 a^ R, lat. 31 a n.
Ning-pot c;ille<l by the Europeans
Iiiampot an excellent feaport of China,
and u city of the firft rank in thi; pro-
vince of Tche-lciang. The HIks mann-
fkdlured here are much efteemcd in fo-
reign countries, efpccially in Japan,
where they are exchanged by the Chi-
nefe for copper, gold, and illvcr. It is
feated on the R coi\ft, oppoiite Japan,
660 miles ssB of Peking. Lon. lao 18
I, lat. 39 58 V.
^ingitta, a city of Eaftern Tartary, in
the province of Kirin, and the feat of a
connderable trade, particularly in the
valuable plant ginfeng, which abounds
in the nuighbourhood. It is feated on
the Hurha, no milesNBof Kirin. Lon.
134 40 ^> ''*^- ^^ 3* ''■
Ninian, St a town of Scotia nd, in
Stii lingibire, with minufavftures of lea-
ther, cotton cloth, and nuils, two miles
SB of Stirling.
Niltcn/e. a town of the Netherlands,
in Fhndcrs, on the river Dender, with
an abbey, r:} miles w of firuflels.
AVo, an ifland of the Archipelago, to
tbe s of NaKi% aucicntly cUJed lot. It
is ,^5 miles In circumfer«nM, and fertile
in corn, but has very little wood or oil.
The regular manners of the inhabitants,
who arc all Greeks, revives an idea of
the fimpl icity of the primitive ages ; and
their kind treatment of ftrangert ap.
pear? to be the genuine remains of an-
cient hofpitulity. Lon. »$ 35 w, lut. 3I
Ann, a town of Swiflerland, capital
of a bciliwic on the lake of Geneva, be-
longing' to the canton of Bern. It has a
manufi'.dure of beautiful porcelain, and
is • t rniles N by e of Geneva.
Nioftj, a town of F'.anc«r, in the de-
partment of Drome, at the foot of a
chain of mountains, on the river Aigues,
with a lofty bridge of one arch, the
work of the Unmans- Here is a mine-
ral fpring, called Pontias, and Tome
manufailur<;8 of fohp and woollen cloth.
It is a I miles t^sc of Montelimar, and
jfj SHK of Valence.
Miof't, a tow n of France, capital of the
tlepartment of Two Sevres. Here arc
manufaflnred drnggets, fergee, and
01 her coarfe woollen goods ; and its dry
fwcetmeats are much efteemed. It is
feated on the Si*vre Niortoifc, 3 1 miles
i:ne of Rochelle, and 46 wsw of Poi-
tiers. I'on. o 33 w, lat. 46 so n.
Niphon, the largcft ifland of Japan,
7.';o miles long and from 60 to 150
broad, containing is provinces. It wus
difcovered, in 1543, by the Portuguefe,
who were caft aihore by a tempefl. The
chief town is Jcdo.
Nht/>i», or Nisbiny a town and for-
trefs of Afiatic Turkey, in Diarbeck,
now greatly decayed. It is feated in a
vaft plain, 78 miles «e of Di.irbekar.
NisiJa, a fmall ifland in the gulf of
Naples, very fertile, and laid out in
flopes and terraces like a large garden.
It has a harbour, called Porto Pavone,
five miles wsw of Naples.
Nhmest a city of France, capital of
the department of Gard, and lately a
bifliop's fee. Here are feveral monu-
ments of antiquity, of which the amphi-
theatre, built by the Romans, is the
principal. There are likewife the ruins
of a temple of Diana, and a grand tower.
The Maifon Quart^e, or the fquarc
houfe, is a piece of architecture of the
Corinthian order, and one of the fineit
in the world. Nine miles to the ne is
a lofty Roman aquedudt, called Pont du
Gard, which, pafling acrofe a valley and
the river Gard, ferves to convey the
fpring of Eure, near Uzes, to this city.
Nifmes has a citadel, built by Lewis
XIV I and the chief manufiidtures are
(ilk AockingB and cloth. It U feated in
N O A
a plaint abounding in wine and oil» 75
miles NK of Nurbonne. Lon. 4 19 if
Ut. 43 56N.
Nistat a ftron^ towu of European
Turkey* in ^rvia. It was taken by
the Hungarians in 1737, but retaken by
the Turks the fnllowing year. It is
fttated on a river of the fame nanie« 30
miles K of Precopt and 1 to sb of Bel-
grade. l>on. aa aa K» lat. 43 5a n.
Nitb, a river of Scotland, which rifes
in Ayrfliirei gives the name of Nithfdale
to that part of Dumfrieslbire through
which it flows, and a little b«low Dum-
fries enters Solway Fritii.
Nitria, a defert of Effypt, ay miles In
length, on the coaft of the Mediterra-
nean Tea. It had •formerly a groat
number of monallerics, which are now
reduced to four ; and it contains fome
lakes, from which is procured the na-
triiin of the ancients^
Nive/let tx town of the Netherlands,
in Brabant, with a manufa(5ture of cam-
brici; feat«d on the Thtene, 15 miles s
of BnUTcls.
Nivernois, a late province of France,
between Burgundy, Bourbunnois, and
Berry. It is pretty fertile, contains
mines of iron, and is watered by a great
number of rivers, of which the Loire,.
Allicr, and Yonne, are the principil.
It now forms the department of Ni-
evre.
Nixabourt a town of Perfta, in Cho-
rafan, 80 miles se of Mefchcd. Lon.
6i 3j K, lat. 35 40 N.
Nixafa, a town of Mexico, in the
province of Guaxaca, with a rich Do-
minican convent. The country near it
produces a great deal .of indi{|0, cochi-
neal, and iugar. It is 30 miles sb of
Antequiera. Lon. 97 15 w, lat. 16
4J N.
Nixonton, a town of N Carolina,
chief of Pafquotank county, fituate on
a northern water of Albemarle found,
:3 miles eme of Edenton.
Nizamfatanit a town of Hindooftan,
in the circar «f Guntoor, at the mouth
of the Kiftnah, 34 miles sw of Mufu-
lipatam.
Nizza della Paglia, a town of Pied-
mont, in Montterrat, feated on the
Belbo, 14 miles se of Afti.
Noailles, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Vienne, lix miles sse of
Poitiers.
Noanagur, i tovrn ofHindooftan, in
Guzerat, capital of a diftrlA on the
coaft of the gulf of Cutch, inhabited by
a piratical tribe, called Sangarians. It
IS 190 miles w sw of Amedabad. Lon.
^9 30 B, lat. ii, m N.
N O N
Nocerat a town of Italy, in the duchy
of Spoleto, feated at ^H^ foot of the
Apennines, 18 miles me of Spoleto.
Noctra delli Pagani, a town of Na*
pies, in Priucipato Citeriore, eight mil«8
MWuf Salerno.
Nogara, a town of France, in the de*
partmerit of Ger8» 31 miles sw of Con-
dom, and 37 WNW of Auch.
N«garcot,, a towu of Hindooftan, in
the province of Napaul, with a cele-
brated pagoda, 50 miles mb of Catmaa-
du.
Nogent le RotroVf a town of France,
in the department of Eure nnd Loir,
feated on the Huifne, 35 miles ne of
Mans.
Nogent sur Seine, a town of France,
in the department of Aube, feated on
the Seine, 35 miles nw of Troyes.
Noir Capey a promontory at the s ex-
tremity of Terra del Fuego. Lon. 73
3 w, lat. 5433 s.
Noirmoutier, an illand of Prance, in
the bay of Bifcay, s of the mouth of the
river Loire. It is 13 miles long and
three broad, and has good paftures. The
Engliih made an unfuccefsful attack oi)
it in 1795. The principal town is of the
fame name, defended by a fort. Lon. »
10 W, lilt. 47 O N'
No/a, a town of Naples, in Terra di
Lavoro, once a rich Roman colony, and
yet a handfome place. The filk fpurr
m Us neighbourhood is much efteemed.
It is 13 miles e n k of Naples.
Noli, a town of the territory of Genoa*
with a fort and a good harbour, 30 miles
sw of Genoa. Lon. 8 41 £, lat. 44 18 n.
Nombre de Dies, a town of Terra
Firma, in the province of Darien, 30
miles E of Porto Bello, to which its
once flouriihing trade is now transferred.
Nombre de Dios, a town of Mexico,
the moft populous in the province of
Zacatecas. It is 170 miles N of Gua-
dalajara, ijion. 104 t^ w, lat. 340 N.
Nomeny, a town ot France, in the de-
partment of Meurte, on the Seille, 15
miles N of Nancy.
Non, Cape, a promontory of the king-
dom of Sus, oppoflte the Canary i (lands.
The Portuguefe, in their firft attempts
to explore the w coaft of Africa, long
conlldercd this promontory as an im-
paflable boundary. This its name im-
ports ; but they doubled it, at laft, in
1413. Lon. II jo vv, lat. 3838 N.
Nona, a feaport of Dalmatia, and a
biihop's fee. It was once a fpkndid
city, but is now a mean place, and its
harbour not capable of receiving large
veflTdg. It is almoft furrounded by the
fea, feveii miles n by w of Zara.
NOR
NoHtroM, A town of FrancCt in thr
dcpartmcnl of Dovtiogne, ai miles w of
Perigui'iix, and 30 *sw of I .tmogcs.
Moopour, .1 town of liinilooitaii, in
Guzrrat, 55 miles k of Surat, And 142
w of Biirhanpour. Lon> 73 jo Rt lat.
ai II N.
Nootka Sound. See Khig George
Sound.
Ntrbers. a town of Sweden, in Weft-
manland, m-.ir which ar" the bcft iron
minpt in the provinco. ». Ih .^4 milt'<» n
of Stroemflioim. Lon. 16 1* e, lat. 60
9 N.
Soreia% a town of Italy, in the duchy
of Spoleto, fcatfd among mountains,
on the river Frt''..ira, so miha sk of
Spoleto.
Nord', a department of France, fo
named from beiitp the moll northern in
fituation. It inclndci tho late Frcncli
prf)vinc«s of Hain;uilt, Flandt-rn, and
Camhufis. Douay <s the capilal.
Nordbnrg, a town of Denmirk:, at the
N extri'miiy of the illt; of Alft-n, with a
eaftif, nine miles nnw of Sundcrburp.
Norden, a i^iiport of Weftphalia, in E
Frielland, anH a confiderable place of
trade, with a good harbour, it is four
miles from the German ocean, and 14 N
of Emden. Lon. 7 13 v, l.it. 5^ 3a n.
yort'.gnu. See Bamarni, Valnt'maie of.
Nordh{4:!sent a town of Upper Saxony
(lately imperial)" in Thurinjd.i, wiih
fcven Lu'.fienin churches, and a well-
built ornhaii-houfe It has a confider-
»ble trule in corn, bnmdy, and r?)pi and
liniced oil, with ni.inufaflnres ol inirMo
and alabafler. Ii is (Vntcdon theZorgi,
35 miles N.vK of JKrfurt. Lon. 10 .56 k,
lat. 51 30 N.
Nordbilnty a town of Lower Saxony,
in the duchy of Brunfwick. iituate on
the Rhiintif, at itn conflux with the
Leina, i- n rniles m of Gottingen.
NordJkopIiyX' •■* fcaport of Sweden,
capiiabof E Gothl;<nd. It is 10 miles
hi circumfiience, but the houfed are
fcattcr. d, av.d the inhabitants do not
exceed la.coo. The river Motala flows
through the tow n. forms a ferics of ca
tnraifls, and is divided into foin- princi-
pal ftreams. which encircle fcvoral rocky
1 (lands, covered with buildings ; but at
theextiemity of thetown it isnnvijtabls;
for large vcflols. Here are manufactures
of woollen cloth, paper, and fire-arms;
fome fugir-houfes, and a brafs fou':dery.
Corn is exported hence in great quan.
titles; and a falmon fifhcry gives em-
ployment and riches to many of the in-
habitants. It is no miles sw of Stock-
holm. Lon. 15 JO E, lat. 58 35 N.
NordLndf one of the five grand di-
NOR
vifioni of Sweden, bounded on the N by
(upland, K by the i<ulf of Bothnia, s by
Sweden Proper, and »v by the fame and
Norwiiv. It contains fix provinces.
Nordhngen, a town of Su ihia, lately
Imperial, and fortified in the ancient
manner. Here the league of the five
weilern circles of the tn^pire waH coti-
eluded in 1701 In 1796, it was taken
by the French. It is a commercial
place, feated on the Eger, 38 mile' nn y
of Aiiglburg. Lon. 10 34 E, lat. ^g
30 N.
Nordmaling, a tawn of Sweden, in
Anjfcrmani.i, near a bay of the gulf of
Uotluiia, a4 milissw of Uma, and 70
Nii of llcrnofand.
Sorditrand, an ifland of Denmark,
on the « ct)aft ot S Jutland, la milts
long and five (>ro,id. It has a town
called Ham, 28 miles w of Sh-fwick.
Lon. 9 o t, lat. 54 40 n.
Norfolk, a county of England, 77
miles long and 4? broad ; bounded on
the "J and v by the German ocean, <!e
and s by Sulfollc, and vv by Cambridge-
fhire and Lincolidhire. It conuins
1,694.400 acres; is divided into 33 htiii*
dreds, and 660 parifltes ; hak,one city
and 3» maiktttowns; and fends u
nitmliers to pariiatnent. Tlie numbtr
of inhabitants in i8oi was 573,371.
'I'he prodnds vary accoulinp to the foil
and lituation. 'J'he lighter aiabic Linds
produce barley in great plenty ; wheat
is cultivated in the flrong'-ft foils;
.md turnips arc grown here in great
quantities : much buck-wheat is alio
grown in the light foiN, and nfed for
feeding fwine and poultry. The fenny
parts yield great quantities of butter;
which is fent to London under the
name of Cambridge butter. The fhcep
are a harily fmall breed, much valued
for their mtitton. Turkeys aie reared
here to a larger fize than elfewhere ;
rabbits are extremc.-ly numerous on the
fmdy heaths; and there ib abundance
ot" game, eCpccially of pheaCmts. The
mannfadures of Norfolk are worfted,
woollen, and filks. Its principal riveru
arc the Great Oule, Nen, Little Oiifc,
Waveney, Yare, and Bure. Norwich is
the capital.
yorfolk, a feaport of Virginia, ca*
piial of a county of the fame name. It
WHS burnt in 1776, by order of the Bri-
tffli governor ; but is now the moft con-
fiderable commercial town in the ftate.
The chief exports are tobacco, flour,
corn, ftaves, and ■ lumber. Here are
two churches, and the harbour is large
enough to contain 300 Ihips The
town ftaiids on the e fi^c of fliiabttb
•■-*f^"k
NO n
river, near iti entrance into the f rtiiary
of Jimen river, to8 miles vat- of Rich-
mond. I-on. 7630 w, hit. 36 55 s.
Sor/oli hland, an iil.md iii tlit Pa-
cific (»cc;iii, lying % of Niw S Walca,
nnJ fettled by a colony of convicts,
fiihordinatc to that government. It
waddifcovcred in 1774 by captain Conic,
Avho found it uninhabited, except by
birds. It is very hilly, but foinc of the
Vitlleys are tolerably large, 'i'hc whole
irfland is covered by a thick foreft, hut
hail not much underwood; and the
principal timber tree is the pine, which
is very ufeful in biiildini^, and lecms to
be (Inrable. The foil, when cleared,
may be n*nderetl very produilivt*. The
fpring in perceptible in Augud; but
the trees arc in aconftant fiiccellion of
flowering and fruiting th«? year round.
In fummer the heat is excflfive ; from
February to Auguil may be called the
rai"y fi-afon ; and the winter, from
April to July, is very pleafant. The
in.ind is fupplied with many ftreamR of
good water, which abound with very
fine trels. The cliffs round the co;ift
are '-40 feet high, quite perpendicular ;
and anchorage is fitfe ;ill 1 ound the iHand,
on taking the lee fide ; but there is uo
harbour. 'I'he felUement was made by
a detachment from I'ort Jackfon, in
1788, in Sydney bay, on the s fide of
the ifland. Lon. 168 is f, lat. 29 4 s.
Norhamt a village in the detached
part of Durham, called Norhamfhire,
Icated on the Tweed, fix miles sw of
Berwick. It is fuppofed to have been
built by the- bif)ii)p of Lindihfarne ; and
its church had the privilege of faotftua-
ry. Its caftle. on the edge of a rock
above the Tweed, has been many times
taken and doftroyeil by the Scots, and
as often rebuilt by the Englifti.
Norholm, a town of Norway, in the
diocefe of Chriftianfand, 16 miles nne
orCiriflianfand.
Norma.-'itf, a late province of France,
bounded 01. the w by the Atlantic, n
by the En^'liiii channel, ft by Picardy
ant! the Ifle of France, and s by Perche,
Maine, and Bretagnc. It is one of the
mod fertile provinces in France, and
abounds in all things except wine, but
that defeil is fupplied by cider and
perry. It contains iron, copper, and a
groat number of rivers and harbours.
This province now forms the dcpart-
nuMits of Calvados, Eure, Manche,
Orne, -and Lower Seine.
Norridgewoci, a town of the diftriA
of Maine, In Lincoln county, fituate
ofl the Kennebeck, 10 miles w by a of
Canaan.
N O 11
Narriitoiwn, r\ town o^ Pcnnfylvarila,
capital of Montgomery county. It is
l-;atcd on the SehuylkiH, 1 x miles N w of
Philadelphia. Lou. 75 S4 w, l,it. 40 10 n.
N(,rte/t{a, or Not Te/ge, a feapon of
Sweden, ui the province of Upland. It
fuffere4 unich from ravages committed
by the RuHitii' in 1719. Near it is a
f(ng«; for making fire-arms. It is 30
miles NK of Stockholm. Lou. ib 3a i;.
Lit. ^0 44 N.
NortJt Cafie, an enormous rock at the
N end of the ifland Maggeroe, on the
coaft of Norway, and the moft northern
promontory of Europe. Lon. 55 57 k,
lat. 71 to N, o
Nort/i Sea, a name given to that part
of the Atlantic ocean, lying to the n of
Great Britain and Ireland ; and fome-
times to that part lying k nf Great Bri-
tain, more generally called the Britilh
or ''ifrmao ocean.
Northallerton, a boroug'u In N York-
fliire, with a mark«;t on Wednefday.
Near this place was fought the cele-
brated battle between the En^lifl) and
Scots, called the Battle of the biandard,
in 1 138. It is feated on a rivulet which
a miic below joins the river Wiikt 31
miles NNW of York, and aaa n by w of
London.
Nert/iampton, a towti of Maflachu-
fets, capital .of liampHurc county. It
has a confiderable inland tr.ade, and is
fituate on the Connetfticut, xoo miles w
of Bofton.
Nortbam/>ton, a borough and the ca-
pital of Northamptouihire, governed by
a mayor, with a market on Saturday.
It is feated on the Nen, which is navi-
gable to i-ynn, and was formerly fur-
rounded by a wall, and had a (:a(lle; the
outer walls of the latter are kept up,
.-ind the interior is cultivated- It wasi
almoft entirely dcftroyed by fire in
1675, but was foon rebuilt. It has four
churches, a fpacioiis market-plac|> a
good freefchool, and a county infirmary
and gaol. The principal manufadure
is boots and ilioes, of which many are
made for exportation. The number of
inhabitants in 1801 was 70*0. In the
meadows below the town, a battle was
fought in 1460, between Henry vi and
the Ycrkifts, in which the former was
otfcated and made prifoner. Two miles
to the s is an ancient ftrudture, called
Queen's Crofs, ere«ftcd by Edward 1 in
memory of his queen Eleanor. This town
is 30 miles sf. of Coventry, and 66 nw
of London. Lon. i n w, lat. 52 n n.
Nurthamptonthire, a county of Eng-
land, 60 muSs long and a a where broad-
eft i bounded on the s by Buckingham^
K O R
flilre and Oxfnrdftiirr, w by the latter
cnnnty and Warwickfliiro, Nw by Lei-
Co^Vermirc and RutUndfhire» k by Lin«
colnfliiret and » by the. counties oPCam-
bridge, Huntingdon, and Bedford. It
con iHiH 617,000 acres; in divided into
ao hiiiidredt, and ,3,36 parifhesi has one
city and 11 market-town* ; awl fends
nine membeiR to parliament. The
number of inhabitints in 1801 w<i8
«3i»757« J" **>« •*■ ?'"■*> "w Peter-
borough, commences a fenny tra^, ex»
tenilmg to the LincoInOiire Wafh.
With this lingle exception, Northamp-
tonlhire is faid to cnntiin lefs wafle
ground, and more feats of the nohility
and pcntry, than .my other county. Its
greateft deiei^ is a fc.ircity of fuel,
which is but fcnntiiy fiipplied by its
woods; and though co.il is brought by
the river Ncn, it is at a • ry doar rate.
This county, however, poflefles fnme
connderablt- remains of its old forefts,
particularly thofe of Rockingham on
the NW, and of Salcoy And Whittlebury
on the 8. Its product" are, in general,
the fame with thole of other farming
counties: but it .is peculiarly celebrated
for grazing land. Horned cattle, and
other animals, are fed to extraordinary
fizen; and many horfcs of the large
black breed are reared. Woad for the
dirrs is cultivated here ; but the county
is not diftinguiflied for manufactures.
The principal rivers arc tM; Nen and
Wetland: befide which it is partly
watered py the Oufe, Lcam, Cherwcll,
and Av n-
NorthfteeU a villagp in Kent, feated
on the Thames, two miles w of Gravef-
«hd. The church is very large, and
contains fragments of monuments as an-
cient as the fourteenth century, Vaft
quantities of lime are made here, and
great numbers of extraneous foflils have
been' dug up.
Northleacht a town in Gloucefter-
fhirt;, with a matket on Wediu-fday,
(bated near the fourcc of the Lech, 25
miles E of Gloucefter, and 8i w by n
ofLo.'don.
NorthoPt a village of Vales, in Flint-
fhirc, three miles se of Flint ; noted for
its manufaAures of coarfe earthen
ware, fire-bricks, &c.
Nort/iorn, a town of Weftphalia, in
the county of Bentheim, on the river
Vecht, 10 miles n of Bentheim.
Northumberland, the moft northern
county of England. In the Saxon hep-
tarchy it was a part of the kingdom of
the NoFthumhrians, which contained
alfo t!)e counties of York, Ijancafter,
Du»*an:i, Cumberland, and Weftmor-
N O R
land, and rrceivcil its name from b»'ing
fituate N of the Humber. It is of a
triangular form, 64 miles the greateft
length, and 50 the greateft breadth;
houndf'd on the E by the German
ocean, s bv the biihopric of Durham,
w by Ciimnerland and Scotland, and h
by the detached part of Durham called
Norhamfhire and Iflandftiire. It con-
tains 1,157,760 acres; is divided into
fix wards, and 460 pariihes; and has 10
market-towns. The number of inha-
bitantN nt 1801 wai 157.101; and it
fendf fix members to parliament. The
foil is various; the B part fiuitful in
moft forts of corn, with rich meadows
on the banks of the rivers; but ihe w
part is moiily heathy and mountainous^
The SR pait abounds with thick feamu
of coal ; an^l the sw an^le has rich lead
mines I imeftone and iron ore abound
in various parts. The principal rivers
are the Tyne, Coquet, AIn, and Biyth.
Alnwick is the county-town; but tha
lurgeft is Newcallle.
Nirthutnbtrland, a town of Pennfyl-
vania, in the county of its name, feated
in the angle formed by the jundtion of
the w and v. branches of the Sufqnehan-
na, two miles above Sunbury, and 138
NW of Philadelphia.
Nortliumhtrland Jj/andj, a chain of
idands in the Pacific ocean, near the nb
coaft of New Holland. Lon. 151 b, lat.
22 S.
Northumberland Strait, the s part of
the gulf of St. Lawrence, between Wxq
ifland of St. John and the coaft of New
Bnmfwick and Nova Scotia.
Nort/jwicb, a town in Chefhire, with
a market on Friday, a cotton manufac-
ture, and confiderable fait -works.
Mines of folid rock fait have been dug
here to a great depth, from which im-
mcnfe quantities are raifed ; and much
of it, in its crude ftate, is conveyed to
Liverpool to be exported. North wich
is feated on the Dan, at its jundlion
with the Weever, ao miles ne of Chef-
ter, and 174 nw of Loirdon.
Norton, a town of Maflachufets, in
Briftol county. A great quantity of
nails is made here, and it hus a mann-
fadlure of ochre fimilar to that of
Taunton. It is a8 miles s of Bofton.
Norton, or Chipping Norton, a town
in Oxfordlhire, with a market on Wed-
nefday. Here is a freefchool founded
by Edward vi, and a manufa<ftnre of
horle-cloths, tilting, &c. It is i a miles
sw of Banbury, and 73 nw of London.
Norton Soivid, an inKt of the fea, on
the w coaft of,N America, difcovered
by Cook in his laft voyage. The en-
N O II
tmnce is between Cape Denbigh on the
E, and CapK Danby on the w, about fo
mile* diilance; both lying in the fame
latitude, and the latter in Ion. i6a 55
w, lat. 64 10 N.
Snrwaiky a town of ConncAicut, in
Fairfield county» with two churches,
and fome iron-works. It hai a fmall
trade to the W Indiei, and i« fituate on
an inlet of Long Iflnnd found, 50 miles
HE of New Yurk. Lon. j^ 47 w, lat.
41 9 N.
Norivay, a kingdom of Enrope. the
moil weiltvly part of the ancient Scan-
dinavia. It IS bounded on the w and n
by the Nurthem ocean, % by Swedidi
Lipland and Sweden, and * by the
.^ategat ; extending fronn the Naze in
Ut. 57 30, to the North Cape ip lat. 71
10. Its breadth, which is very unequal,
is from 40 to 380 miles. It is divided
into the font guvernments of Agger-
huys, orCliriAiaiiia, Bergco, Drontheim,
and Wardhuys. From its , rocky foil
and northern pofition, Norway is not
populous in proportion to its extent.
The Norwegians maintain their own
army, which cenflfts of 34,000 foot and
tooo cavalry. Their troops are much
efteemed for their bravery; and, liki*
the Swifa mountaineers, are exceedingly
attached to their country. Norway is
blefled with a particular code, called
the Norway Law, compiled by Grieffel-
feld, at the command of Chriilian v, the
great legiflator of his country. By this
law, peafants are free, a few only ex-
cepted on fome noble eftates near Fre-
dericftadt; and the benefits of this code
are vifible in the great difference, in
their appearance, between the free pea-
fants in Norway and the enflaved vaf-
fals of Denmark, though both 'iving
under the fame government. The Nor-
wegian peafants poflefs much fpirit and
fire in their manner; are frank, open,
ynd undaunted, hut not infolent ; never
^wning to their fuperiors* yet paying
i>ropiT refpedt to thofe above them.
Vhe fame caufes which afFedl the popu-
L^ion of Norway, operate likewife on
tht <Jate of tillage, for the country does
rot I -oduce fufficient corn for its own
confumption; but it is rich in padure,
and feeds many cattle, (heep, and goats.
The fifheries, particularly on the w
coaft, find employment and wealth for
the natives, and fupply the fineft failors
for the DaniOi fleet. The principal
fifh ure falmon, cod, ling, and whiting:
their livers alfo yield train-oil ; and the
fmalleft are given as winter fodder to
the cattle. The extenlive forefts of oak
and pine produce timber, fpars, beams,
NOR
and planks, befide churcoal, turpentine,
bark, fuel, and even manure; and the
birch (the bark of which is ufed lis i|
coverins for the roofc of houiea) not
only fupplies fuel, but alfo a kind or
wine. The general exports are tallow,
butter, fait, dried fllh, timber, plankt,
horfes, horned cattle, fliver, cobalt||
alum, Pnifflau blue, copper, and iron.
It abounds in lakes and rivers; the
former fo large that they appear like in*
lets of the fea ; but the rivers are in ge-
neral of a (hort cnu.% except th?
Glomme. The mountains arc nume-
rous, and generally clothed with pinef
and firs: the grand Scandinavian cnain^
which runs from s to w, dividirj this
kingdom from Sweden, is knotv'n hf
diftini.^ appellations; the chief are the
ridges of Langfial, Dofradul, Kolen,and
Sevcrnoi. The wild animals are the
bear, lynx, wolf, fox, and hare; but
the moil Angular creature is the len>-
ming, or Norwegian moufe, of a rcddifli
colour, and about five inches long.
Thefe animals proceed in vaft numbers
from the ridge of Koien toward the Tea,
devouring every produdl of the foil in
their courfe, and at laft feem to devour
each other. Norway was formerly go-
verned by its own hereditary fovereignt.
On the demife of Hagen v, In 13 19,
without male ilfue, his graudfon in the
female line, Magnus Smek, united in
his perfun the kingdoms of Swcdca and
Norway. Magnus was fucceeded in w'c
kingdom of Norway by his fon Hagen
VI, hufband of the celebrated Marga-
ret, and, at his deceafe, in 1380, Nor-
way was united to Denmark by their
fon Olof V, who dying without iffue,
Margaret herfelf was raifed to the throne
by the unanimous voice of the nation.
On her death, it defccndcd, with Den-
mark and Sweden, to her nephew Eric.
Sweden was afterward feparated firom
Denmark by the valour and addrefs of
Guftavus Vafa; but Norway continues
uitited to Denmark. The capital is
Cliri(f!ani;i, but Bergen is the largcft
city.
Norivlch, a city and the capital of
Norfolk, and a biihop's fee, with a mar-
ket on Wednefday, Friday, and Satur-
day. It is furrounded by a wall, now
much decayed, and feated on the Yare,
which is navigable to Yarmouth. It is
a county of itfelf, governed by a mayor,,
and although of confiderable extent, the
population in 1801 w... nly 36,854,
foritcontainsanumberofgardenaandor-
chards within the walls. ' There are,
bciidethuq||hedral, 36 parifh churches,
two churches for the Flemings, fome
NOT
vLtfTenting meetlng-houfes, and a Roman
catholic chapel. It has a ftatt-ly caftle,
on a hill, which is the fliire-houf*: a>.U
the county gaol ; alfo a city and county-
hofpital, a lofty market-houfe of free-
ftone, a freefchool founded by Edward
VI, and feveral charitable foundations.
The ancient liukes of Norfolk had a pa-
lace here, which is ftill in <'xi(lence as a
workhoufe. Near this city are the
ruins of the caftle of Kett, the tanner,
by whofe rebellion, in the reign of Ed-
ward VI, the city was reduced to a
ruinous ftate. Norwich lias manufac-
tures of crapes, bombazinc8| and ftuifs
of various kinds, which are ftill confl-
derable, though fomewhat declined, on
account of the rivalfliip of the cotton
branches. It is 43 mles n of Ipfwich,
and 108 NE of' London. Lon. i ao e,
lat. 5z 40 N.
Norwich, a city of Conneflicut, in
New London county, with three
churches. It is in three divifions,
namely Chelfea, the Town, and Bean
Hill. The executive courts of law are
held at this place and New London al-
ternately. Here are made paper of all
kinds, itockings, buttons, ftone and
«arthem ware, and all kinds of forge
work. It is feated ar the he<id of navi-
gation on the Thames, i; miles n of
INcw London. Lon. 7s izw, lat. 41
^4 N-.
Nornxiich, a town of Vermont, m
Windfor county, featcd on the Connec-
ticut, 20 miles N by e or Windfor.
Nosien, a town of Jpper Saxony, in
Mifnia, fituate on the Freyberg MulOau,
J 3 miles \v of Drefdcn.
Notc/iengong, a town of Hindooflan,
in the province of Berar, 47 miles
.ssw of Nagpour, and '^^ ssw of llllich-
pour.
Notel/urg, a town of Ruflia, in the
government of Pi'ttrfljurg, featid on an
jfland HI the lake Ladog;i, at the place
where the Neva iflues. It has a good
citadel, and was capitil of Ingr:», be-
fore Poterlburg was built. It is 25
miles E of Petcrlbuig. Lon. 31 9 t,
lat. 59 56 N.
,\o/o, a town of Sicily, capital of Val
di Nolo. It was ruin- d by an earth-
quake in 1693, and near it .mother town
was built called Noto Nuovo. It is zz
miles sw of Syracufe. Lou. 15 19 t,
lat. 36 50 N.
'Sottinghrtm, a borough andthecapi-
t;il of Noitinghamfliire, governed by a
mayor, with a markitt on Wednefday
and Saturday. It is fituatc on the fide
and fiimmit of a rock, into which are
cut fonic fmali habitations, and numc-
N OT
rous vaults or cellars. To the w of the
town, on a rocky eminence, is the caf.
tie, a magnificent modern ltni<fture, be-
longing to th« duke of N .-wcartle, built
on the fite of an ancient fortrefs, cele-
brated in Englifli hiftory. It is a hand-
fome town« diftinguiflied by its fpacious
market-place, and noted f<5r its excel-
lent ale. In 1801 it contained a8. 861
inhabitants. It is one of the principal
feats of the flocking manufacture, par-
ticularly of the finer kinds, a» thofe of
itik and cotton; and has alfo a manu.^
fadure of coarfe earthen ware. The
malting bufinefs is iikewifeconfiderable.
It has three parilh-chnrches, anci many
meeting-houfes for diflentersr In the
neighbourhood are many coalpits,
which afford plenty of fuel, at little ex-
per.ce. At this town Charles i fet np
his ftandaru, at the commencement of
the civil war, wnich terminated in his
dtftruftion. Nottingham is feated on a
river, which comnmnicates with the
Tit nt, one mile to the s. It is 16 miles
E of Derby, and 124 n by w of London.
Lon. I a w, lat 53 58 n.
Nottingham^ a town f Maiyland, ifi
Prmce George county, fitnate on the
Patuxent, 20 miles sk 01 Wafhingiwn.
Nrjtt'tnghant, a town of New Hamp-
Ihire, in Ri«ckingham county, 14 milis
NNW of 1 xeter.
Notthigbamsliire, a county of Eng-
land, 48 inileslongand :o broad; bound-
ed on the N by Yi)r!;fliire and Lincoln-
fliiro, E by the latter county, s by Lei-
cefterfhire, and w by Derbylhire. It
contains 493,360 acres; is divided into
eight hundreds, and 168 parifhes; and
has nine market-towns. The number
of inh.abitants in 1801 was i4o,,5.';o; and
it fends eight members to pailianient.
It enjoys fuch a temperature of foil and
climate, as to render it one of the mod
fertile and pleafant countiei in England.
The principal rivers are the Trent and
Idle. Alnioft the whole of the middle
and wcftern parts of the county were
formerly occupied by the extenhve fo-
rcft of Shirwood, which is the only royal
foieft N of the Trent; but the wood
has m moft parts been cleared, and the
extent of the foreft much contrafled by
cnclofures. The chief produds of this
county are coal, of which there is gieat
plenty; a kitid of ftone fomewhat like
alabafter, but not fo hard, which, when
burnt, makes a plaller exceedingly hard,
and with this the inhabitants generally
lay the floors of their upper rooms, in-
Itead of boarding them : its other com-
modities are malt, hops, wool, licorice,
and woiid. The maiiufaiSturcs chiefly
NOV
confifts of framework knitting, glafs*
and e-arthern ware.
Noiia Scotia, a Britifli province of N
America, which formi-rly, till 178 , ii>
eluded the province of New Brunfwick.
It is bounded on the s and ^e by the
Atlantic, E by the gut of Cinfo, x by
Northumberland ftrait, and nw by New
Brunfwii.k and the Iny of Fundy. Its
length is 23^ miles, from Cape Sable on
thf sw to Cape Canfo on the nb; its
extreme breadih is 88 miles, but the
mean of the peninfiilar part is not more
than .!5. It has feveral lakes and a vaft
number of fmiH rivers. It is a penin-
fula, lying se of New Brunfwick, and
joined to it by a narrow ifthmus, at the
NE extremity of the bay of Fundy. The
French fettled here before they made
aiiyeftablifhment in Canada, and called
it Acadia. The firft grant of lands was
made to fir William Alexander, by
James i, of England, from whom it re-
ceived the name of Nova Scotia. Since
its firft fettleinent it has more than once
changed lulers and proprietors, nor was
it confirmed to England til! the peace
of Utrecht, in 171;^,. Thonjjh fituate in
a favorable part of the temperate zone,
the atmofphcre, for a pi eat part of the
ytar, is clouded '.vith a thit;k fog, which
renders it unhealthy; and for four or
five months it if, intenfely cold. A
great part of the country lies in foreft;
and the foil (tiicept on the banks of the
rivers) is thin and barren Halifax is the
capital.
Nova Zemhla, an if] and in the Frozen
octan, feparated from the continent of
Ri'.ffia by the ftrait of Waiga;/, It is
500 miles in k-iigth, and from iod to 200
in breadtli. This country was difco-
vered by the Enjrlilh in 1553; and it
has fince been viiited by fliips attempt-
ing to difcover a northeaft pafTige. In
J 595, a Dutch veiTel being caft away on
the coaft, tilt crew were obliged to win-
ter here, and with great difficulty pre-
ferved their lives. Since that, fome
Kuflians have paffed a winter without
fuffering fo mueh. The country i.s re-
prt'i'ented as extremely defolale, pro-
ducing no trees, nor any vegetable but
niofs and forne few ardic plants. It is
not fuppofed to have any human inha-
bitants. The animals i'een there are
white bears, white foxes, elks, raindeer,
and rabbits, Loa. 5 a to 78 li, lat. 70
to 78 N.
Movai/e, a town of Italy, in the Tre-
vifano, IS miles sw of Trevifo.
Noiara, a town of Italy, in the
dnchy of Milsn, capital of the Nova-
refe. It contains 27 churches, btflidc
NOV
the cathedral, and is featcd on an emi-
nence, 35 miles w by s of Milan.
Noveliara, a town of Italy, in the
Modenefe, capital of a fmall principali-
ty, with a caftle. It is 17 miles e by m
of Parma, and 18 nnw of Modena.
Novi, a town t)f the territory of Go-
noa, with a ftrong caftle on a mountain.
It <s the principal depofit for goods
g'lirig from Genoa to Italy and Ger-
many. Near this place, in 1799, 'he
Auftrians and Ruflians defeated the
French, who l!>ft nearly 10,000 men,
and their general Joubert was killed.
It is 25 miles n by w of Genoa.
Nov'h a fortified town of Croatia, on
the right bank of th^ Unna In 1789,
it was taken by the Auftrians. It is 5%
miles SE of Carlftadt. Lon. t6 $i k,
lat. 45 8 N .
Novi liazar, a town of European
Turkey, in Servia, feated near the Orel-
co, 72 miles w of Nifla, and 103 s of
Belgrade. Lon. 21 i e, lat. 43 ;^5 N.
Novi^^rad, a town of Upper Hmiga-
ry , capital of a county of the fame name»
with a caftle; feated on a mountain,
ne.ir the Danube, aj miles j* of Buda.
Novis^rnJ, a town of Daimatia, with
a caftlej floated on a lake of the fame
name, near the gulf of Venice, 17 mileg
E of Nonw, and 25 nw of Zara.
Novlgmd, a ftrong place of European
Turkey, in Servia, feated near the Da-
nuhi', 35 miles n of NilTa.
Kovogorod, a city of Ruflia, capital
of a government of the fame name, and
formerly called Great Novogorod, to
diftinguifli it from other towns of the
fame appellation. It was, for a long
time, governed by its own dukes; and
was, in faiSt, a republic, under the jy-
rifdidtion of a nominal fovereign. Its
territory extended to the n as far as the
frontiers of Livonia and Finland; com-
priling great part of the province of
Archangel, and a large dittrift beyond
the NW limits of Siberia. It was the
great mart of trade between Ruffiaand
the hiuifeatic cit'es, and made the moft
ripid advances in opulence, and popu-
lation. Its power was fo great, and its
fituatioii fo impregnable, as to give rife
to A inoverb, Who can refill: the Gods
and Great Novogorod? But in the 15th
century, this independmit republic was
obliged to fubniit to Ivan Bafilowitz i,
grand duke of Ruffia. It continued,
ncverthelei's the largeft and moft com-
mercial city in Rufiia, and contained at
leaft 400,000 fouls. It was firft defo-
lated, in a manner, by the cruelties of
Ivan Bafilowitz 11; but its fplendour
was not totally eclipfcd until Tcter the
N O Z
great buJU P»:lfifbnrg,towh(ch he tranf-
ierred all tht; coramcrci* of the Baltic
that had bclbrt centciTd here. It now
contains fcarccly 7000 fouls; and a va(t
rumbor of churches and conviiits (land
melancholy monuments of its former
mapnificonce. The town ftrctches on
both fides of the VolkofF, a river of
confideraMo depth ami rapidity, which
il'parates it into two divifions; namely,
the Trading Vail and the quarter of St.
i'ophiA: in the latter is a cathedral of
the fame name, in which feveral princfo
of the ducal family of Rullia arc inter-
red. Novogorod is fituate near the n
end of the lake llmen, 125 miles ssk of
PBtmlburg. Lon. 31 45 e, lat. 58 25 n.
^-'ovogorodt Niz»ei, a city of Kuflia,
capital of a government of the fame
name, and an archhifhop's fee. It has
a caftle, furrounded by ftone walls; alfo
two cathedrals, afl parifli-churches, and
five convents. The trade is confidcr-
ablc, and the Ihops richly furnifhed
with all kiiids of foreign and home
goods. It is fcatcd at the conflux of
the Occa with the V(Jga, 280 miles
E by N ot Mofco\V. Lon. 46 30 e, lat.
56 34 N.
I<iovcgorod, SeviTjkci, a town of Rul-
lia, capital of a government of the fame
name, fcated on the Dt.fna, ;?4o miles
sw of Mofcow. Lon. 32 40 k, lat. 3 a
ao N.
Novogrodek, a town of Lithuania, ca-
pital of a palatinate of th(? fame name,
leated on a hill in a vaft plain, 80 miles
s by E of Wilna. Lon. 26 8 k, lat. $^
Novomirgcrod, a town of Ruflia, in
the government of Catharincnflaf, 136
miles WNW of Catharinentlaf. Lon. 3 1
44 f;, lat. 48 40 N.
Noutroi a town of Poland, in the pa-
latinate of Cracow, near which are mines
of gold and filver. It is 30 milts s of
Cracow.
No'wid'ZL-or, a town of Litliuanin, in
the palatinate of Novogtodck, 80 miles
sw of Novogrodek.
Not/ei, a town of Spain, in Galici.i.
The chief trade Ls in Ihip-bnildinj,'. it
ft;mds at the mouth of the Tanibio, 15
miks w of Compoftclla.
K'pi/ers, a town of Finnco, in the de-
partment of Yonne, featcd on the Serin,
J 9 miles RSE of Auxerre.
Nnyo>h a town of Franca, in the dc-
p.irtnient of Oifc It gave birth to the
tamous Calvin; and was lately ariepif-
copal fee. It is fcated near the Oife, 22
miUs Nw of Soillbns, and 60 n by k ol
j^'aris.
Nizcroi/, a town of France, in the dc-
NU N
partment of Jura, with a cafllc, featcd
on a mountain, so miles se of Salins.
Nubia, a country of Africa, bounded
on the N by Egypt, r by the Red fea,
s by Abyflinia and Darfoor, and w by
Bornou. ? •■ is about 600 miles in length,
and 450 ii\ breadth. The Nile runs
through it; on the banks of which it is
fruitful, but in other places barren,
fandy, and deftitutc of water. The in •
habitants make their bread and drink of
a fmall round feed called doca, or fi.'ff,
which is a kind of millet. Their houlis
have mud walls, are very low, and co-
vered with reeds. The drcfa of the
better fort i« a vcft without ilecvt s, and
they have no coverings for their heads,
legs, and feet. The common people
wrap a piece of linen cloth about them,
and the children go quite naked. They
are a ftupid debauched people, but pro-
fefs to be Mahometans. The produc-
tions of the country are gold, elephants
teeth, civet, and (andal-wood; and a
great many flaves are fent into Egypt.
It is divided into feveral kingdoms, and
thofe beft known to the Europeans aic
Sennar and Dongola-
Nue^t a town of Spain, in the pr i-
vince of Leon, on the borders of Portu-
gal, I.; miles E of Braganza, and 48 w
of Zamoru.
Nuitz, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Cote d'Or, famous for its
excellent wines. It is feated at the foot
of a mountain, 15 miles ssw of Dijon.
Nun, or Fledde Nun, a province in the
s part of the kingdom of Sus. The
emperor of Morocco arrogates to him-
felf the fovereignty, but his real autho-
rity ii extremelyr feeble. This defert
province is inhabited by different tribes
of Arabs, v'lo'e camps arc fcattcred
over fuch inicuor parts of the country
as i.re capable of cultivation. It has a
river of the fame name, which enters
the Atlantic on the n lide of Cape Nan.
jS'undfjdroog, a town and fortrefs of
Hindooilan, capital of a conliderablc
diftridt, in Myfore. It is built on the
fummit of a mountain, 1700 feet in
height, the greater part inacceflible; but
,was l)efieged and taken by the Englifli,
under lord Cornwallis, in 1792. It is
70 miles N of Seringapatam.
NuKcaton, a town in Warwickflilrc,
uiih a market on Saturday, and manu-
fadturcs of woollen cloth and ribands.
It was formerly noted for its nuimery,
and is feated on the river Anker, nine
miles N by II of Coventry, and 98 nw of
London.
NuriiiuagodH, a town of Hindooftan,
in Myfore, with a ruinous fort, and a
;)w, and co-
nuy;
large fquare temple. It is fituate in t!ie
fork formed by tlic jumaion of the Ka-
iindini with the Kapini, la miles s by
E of ^fyforc.
Nunny, a village in Somerfetftiirc,
three niilcs s\v of Frome. Here arc the
ruins of a ftrong caftle, tlie Ihcll of which
ftiii remains nearly perfeft. It was burnt
by the parliament forces in 164,1;.
Nurenbcrg, a city of Francogia (late-
ly imperi.ll) capital of a territory of the
famf name, with a univerlity. It is fix
miles in circumference, fnrrounded by
high walls, flanked with 365 towers; and
through the middle of it Hows the river
Pegnitz, over which are fix ftonebri<iges
and fcveral of wood. The inhabitants,
« ftimated at 30*00, are very induftrious,
and the beft workmen in arts: their
maps and prints are in high efteem, as
v.ell as their mufical and mathematical
iiiftruments; nor are they lefa curious
ill clockwork, and in the feveral maiui-
fadures of iron, fteel, ivory, wood, and
alabaflicr. The beft toys are made here,
which are commonly known in Hngiand
by the name of Dutch toys. Here is a
famous academy for painting, an anato-
m':al theatre, and a public library. The
ancient caftle or palace, is ftill ftanding
at the extremity of the city; and the
arienal is one of the beft in Germany.
The houfes are built of frceftone, and
are four or five ftories high- 'I'houph
the religion is the Lutheran, the chiircli
of the Holy Ghoft has a variety of re-
lics; as alfo theimperi.il crown, fcep-
tre, &c. the fword of St Maurice, and
the gloves, flippers, and hereditury
crown of emperor Rodolph 11. No Jews
are fuffercd to lodgea fin^-le night here ;
nor can they enter the city without
paying a certain tax. Nurenbtng has
obtained a confiderable territory, 100
miles in circumference, in which are two
large forefts. In 1807, by the treaty of
Tilfit, it was given to Bavaria. It is 95
miles N by w of Munich, and aj;o wn w
of Vienna. Lon. 11 4 e, lat- 49 27 n*.
Niirthgi-rty a town of Suabia, in the
duchy of WirtcmbtTK, with a hofpital,
founded in 1481, faiUtobethe richefb
foundation in the duchy. It is fitunte
on the Neckar, 14 miles sr, of Stutgard.
Nusco, a town of Naples, in Princi-
pato Ulteriorc, eight miles N by w of
Con7.'i.
Ntater^our, a town of Ilindooftan,
capital of a country of the fame name,
in the province of Sindy. It is fituate
on the Sinde, 58 miles' ne of Tatta.
Lon. 68 a» k, lat. 25 18 N.
Nui/s, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Roer, lately of Germany,
N YS
in the archbifhopric of Cologne, it
has a college of Auguftinc canons, and
a trade in coal and deals. It was taken
by the French in 1794; atid i» feated
on the Erfft, near its conflux with tlic
Rhine, s; miles nnw of Cologne.
Nijborgy a fcaport of Denmark, on the
K coaft of the ille of Funen. The re-
mains of the old palace, in which Chrif-
tian II was born, npw ferves for a ma-
gazine and arfeiial. It is feated on a
hay of the Great Belt, 10 miles e of
Odenfce. Lon. 10 40 k, lat. 55 30 n.
Nykioptn^, a town of Denmark, in N
Jutland, with a good harbour, on the
gulf of Lymford. It ftands on the k
fide of the ifland of Mors, which is
formed by brandies of the gulf, 40 mile*
w by s of Aiburg. J.on. 8 36 E, lat. j6
Nykopingt a feaport of Denmark, ca-
pital of the ifle of Falftcr, with a royal
paRtce, and one of the befl endowed
hofpitals in the kingdom. It ftands on
a narrow channel, oppofiie the ide of
Laland, 60 miles ssw of Copenhagen.
Lon. 1 1 58 E, lat. 54 50 N. .
Nykop'imr^ a town of Sweden, capital
of Sudermania, with a harbour, and the
remains ol" a ftrong caftle. It is feated
on a river of the fame name, near the
Baltic, 70 miles s w of Stockholm. Lon-
17 27 !•;, lat. 58 35 _N.
^yland, a province of Sweden, in
Finland, lying on the gulf of Finland*
to the w of Carelia. it is 120 miles
long and fu'n 30 to 60 broad j and is a
fertile ^Icafant country, being better
peopled and cultivated than the neigh-
bouring provinces. The chief trade ia
in cum, cattle, planks, linen, and dried
filh. The feci of Burgo is in this pro-
vince, but Helfingfors is thp principal
town.
Ni/.flot, a town of Uuftla, in the go-
vernment of Wiburg,on the lake Saima.
The caftle, which ftands on a rock in a
river, near the town, is ftrongly fortified
by nature and art. It was taken fron»
the Swedes, in 17 14, by the Rufliang,
who reftored it at the peace of Nyftadt;
but it was giv(ni up to tlie Ruffi ms by
the treaty of Abo. It is 50 miles nw
of Wiburg.
N-i/jIot, a town of RuflTia, in the go-
vernment of Livonia, with a caftle;
feated on the Narova, among large
niarfhes, ao miles s by w of Narva.
Nyitadti a town of Sweden, in Fin-
land Proper, with a commodious har-
hour, and a confiderable trade in all
kinds of wooden vefTels. In 1721 a
peace Wiis concluded here, between
Rulfia and Sweden. It is ftatcd on a
|>ay of the gulf of Bothnia, 55 miles
Kvr of Abo. Lon. ai 31 £» lat. 61
NyJteJ, a town of Denmark, on the
ss coaft of the ifle of Laland. It car-
ries on a conftderabte trade to the
northern provinces of Germany, and is
19 miles ESE of Naxkow.
O.
OaJthanti the chief town of Rutland-
fhire, with a market on Saturday. Near
the church are the decaying walls of an
old caftle ; and four lilver pennies of
the latter Mercian kings were found
here in 1749. It is fealed in the centre
rf a fertile valley, cnlled the Vale of
Catmofe, s8 miles s by e of Notting-
ham, and 95 N by w of London. Lon.
o 46 w, lat. 52 42 N.
OakhamptoHi a borough in Devon-
fhire, governed by a mayor, with a
market on Saturday. It has a manu-
fa<5>ure of ferges, and the remains of a
caftle, difmantled by Henry viii. It
ftands on the river Oak, 24 miles w of
Exeteri and 195 w by s of London.
Oakingham. See Witkins^ham-
Oaks Creek. See CantaderagO'
Oben, a village of Scotland, in Ar-
gyieflhire, feated three miles to the s of
the entrance of Loch Etive. Here is an
excellent harbour, capable of containing
upward of 500 merchantment, defended
from the wefterly winds by the ifland
ofKerrera. It is aa miles nw of Inve-
rary.
Obdach, a town of Germany, in Stiria,
at the conflux of the Achza and Traun,
nine miles se of Judcnburg.
Oberkirch, a town of Suabia, 15 miles
Z of Strafburg, and 50 w by s of Stut-
gard.
Obernhergt a town of Bavaria, with a
enftle, feated on the Inn, 12 miles ssw
of Paflau.
Oberndorfy a town of Suabia, in the
county of Hohenberg, feated on the
Neckar, eight miles nne of Roll well.
Obenikirchen, a town of Weftphalia,
Jn the county of Schaucuburg, iive rr'les
E of Buckeburg.
Obidoj, a town of Portugal, in Eflre-
madura, with a ftrong caftle on a rock,
13 miles E of Peniche, and 58 kne of
Lifbmn.
Obcllahy a ftrong town of Pcrfia, in
IracAgemi, feated on a branch of the
Tigris, near Baffora.
Obsiaia, a gulf or bay of Siberia, in
the Frozca occao, abuut 360 miUv fiQUt
O C Z
N to s, and from 45 to 60 in bresdth.
Near the middle of its e fide branches
out the gulf of Tazowflcaia, nbout 140
miles long and 30 Abroad. The sw ex-
tremity of the gulf of Ohlkaia, where
the river Oby enters it, is in lon. 69 15
E, lat. 66 55 N.
Oivinskt a town of Pnflia, in the
government of Perm, (ituate on the
Kama, 60 miles n of Perm. Lon. 56
o E, lat. 58 44 N.
Oby, or Ob, the largeft river of Si-
beria, and of tlie Kuflian empire. It
ifliies from the lake Altyn, in the defert
of Ifchimika, and funs nw and w, by
Kolivan, Narim, and Surgut, till it re-
ceives the Irtylh from i^boUk, when it
flows N and n e till it enters the gulf of
Obflcaia, after a coiirfe of 1900 miles.
It is navigable almoft to its fource, and
is a large fmooth ftream, abounding in
fifli. In its courfe, efpecially after the
influx of the Irtyfl), it forms a great
number of iflands.
Oratimr, a town of Spain, in New
Caftile, fe.ited on a plain, 24 miles ene
of Toledc, and 27 s by e of Madrid.
Ocanra, a town of Terra Firma, in
the province of St. Martha, on the Rio
de Oro, which flows to the Madalena.
It is 240 miles s by e of St. Martha.
Lon. 73 26 w, lat. 7 40 n.
Och'en/urt, a town of Fvanconia, in
the principality of Wurt/burg, feated
on the Maine, 10 miles se of Wurtz-
burg.
Ochsenhausen, a town of Suabia,
near which is a late princely abbey.
It is 14 miles s of Ulm, and 40 wsw of
Augfbiirg.
Oder, a river of Lower Saxony,
which rifes in the s part of the duchy
of Brunfwick, flows by Goflar, Wolfen-
buttle, and Brunfwick, and joins the
Alier, B of Zell.
Ocriaa. See Lorhrida.
Oczahiv, or Otchakof, a ftrong fea-
port and fortrefs of Ruflia, in the go-
vernment of Catharinenflaf. It has been
frequently an objed of contcft between
the Turks and the Iluflians, many thou-
fands of whom, on both fides, have
, fallen in the different fieges it has ander-
gone. It was taken by ftorm by the
Ruflians, in 1788, and was confirmed to
Ruflia by the fubfequent peace. This
important place is the key to both the
Bog and the Dnieper, rivers of great
confidtuence to this part of the empire-
It is f''.iled near tlie Black Sea, on the n
lifle of the elluary of the Dnieper, op-
polite Kinburn, 50 miles w of Cherfoii,
and 190 N byE of Conftantinople
Lon- JO 30 r, lat. 46 J5 N.
GDI
Oddtnn, a town of Guinea. See
Ceorgf del Mina.
Odmbach, a town pf France, in the
depaitmint of Mimt^oniierre, lately of
Germany, in the duchy of Deux Fonts;
ft.itcd on the Glan, 34 mik's sw of
Meiitz.
OdcHsee, a town of Denmark, capital
of the ille of Funen, and a bifliop's fee.
It fupplies the greateft part of the
army vith all their leather accoutre-
ments, and is particul.irly famous for
gloves. Here are alfo manufadlurt's of
cloth, '"'.igar, and foap. It is fituate on a
river, fix miles from the bay of Stegef-
trand, and 90 w by s of Copenhagen.
Lon. 10 17 E, lat- .<;5 30 k.
Oder, a river of Germany, which has
its fource in the mountains of Moravia,
and flows N to Odcrbcrg ; then palfts
by Ratibor, Oppcln, Brellau, aril Glo«
gait, in Silefia; Croflen, Frankfort,
1,1'bus, Cuftrin, ami Frinwalt, in Bran-
tknburg ; and Gartz, Stettin, Camin,
WoUin, Ufedom, and Wolgaft, in Po-
merania. Below Stettin it forms a large
lake or bay, called Grofs Haff, and
then enters the Baltic fea by three
channels, called Peene, Swin, and Diwc-
n(jw ; between which lie the iflands of
Ufedom and WoUin.
Oderberg, a town of Moravia, on the
confine ! of Silefia,•^vith a caftle, feated
•n the Oder, at the influx of the £lfa,
18 miles NNW of Tcfchen.
Oderberg, a town of Brandenburg, in
the Middle mark, liliiate on the Oder,
25 miles NW of Cuftrin.
Odern/jeim, a town of France, in the
department of Mont Tonncrre, lately
of Germany, in the palatinate of tho
Rhine ; feated on the Scltz, 14 miles s
of Mentz.
Odfrnhtlm, a town of France, in
the <i(^artment of Mont Tonnerrf, late-
ly (jf Gevmany, in the duchy of Dwux
Fonts; feated on the Glan, near its
coiiflnx with the Nahe, s8 miles sw of
Mentz.
Odessa, a fortified feaport of Rnffia,
in the government of Catheiineiiflaf,
(•►a'td on a gulf of the Black Sea, 44
miles w by » of Oczakow. Lon. 29 24
t, lat. 46 28 N. A
Odcypour, a town of Hindooftan, c^
pital of Julhpoiir, in the province of
Orifla. it is 60 miles nf. of Ruttun-
pour, and 2 20 NW of Cattack. Lon.
83 ax F., lat. 22 2tj N.
Odi/uim, a town in Hampfliiic, with
a market on Saturday. Hire art- the
remains of an ancient caftle, and of a
royal paUcci barns, &c. It is feated
on the Bpfmgflioke canal, 34 railet nb
of Wincheftcr, and 4a w by s of Lon-
don.
Oeisfeld, a town of Lower Saxony,
in the duchy of Magdeburg, feated ou
the Aller, cj2 .mles nf, of Urunfwick.
Oederant a town of Upper Saxony*
in -Vlifnia, fituate near the Flohc, nine
miles E.^E of Chemnitz.
Oeland, an ifland of Sweden, in the
Baltic, feparated from the corlt of
Gothland, by a (Irait i?. miles broad in
the narrowed part. It is 80 miles long,
but not more than nine broad. The w
part has fine forclls, and quairies of ex-
cellent frei'ftone ; but the s part is more
level, and very fertile. Both parts
abound in alum mines. Borkholm is
the chief town, feated on the flrait, as
miles ENfc of Calmar. Lun. 16 50 f,
lat. 56 48 N.
. Oels, a town of Silofia, capital of a
principality of the fame name, with a
caftle. It ftands on the river Oels, 17
miles ENE of Breflau. Lon. 17 31 e^
lat. 5 1 1 2 N.
Oelsnitz, a town of Upper Saxony,
in Voigtland, feated on the Elfter, tix
miles s by k of Plauen.
Oepen, or Eupen, a town of the Ne-
therlands, in Limburg, with confider-
able manufactures of cloth ; fituate on
the VVcze, four miles ene of Limburg.
Oesd, an illand in the Baltic, on the
coaft of Livonia, at the entrance of the
gulf of Riga. It is 74 miles long and
50 broad, defended by two forts, aftd
belongs to RufTia. Arenlburg is the
capital.
Oft ting, a town of Bavaria, feated
on the Ian, eight miles nw gf Burk-
haufen.
Odttingen, a town of Suabia, capital
of a county of the lame name, with a
well-endowed college. It is feated on
the Wirnitz, 12 miles nnw of Dona-
wert, and :8 s of Anfpach. Lon. 10
40 E, lat. 48 56 N.
OJ'a'j Dike, an entrenchment of Eng-
land, calt up by Olfa. .1 Saxon king, to
defend Enghmd from the incurfions of
the Weifti. It extends through Here-
fordihire,Shropniire,Mcntgcmerylhire,
Denbiuhihire, and FlintCiire, from the
Wye to the Dee.
Offanto, a river of Naples, which
rifes in tha Ap'runines, paflcs by Conza
and Alonte Verde, feparates Capitanata
from Bafilicata and Terra di Birri, and
enters the gulf of Venice, near Barletta-
It is the i^ ,ient Aufidus.
Offen. See Bisda.
OJ'enbechi a town of Germany, in
4 ■ '■
JSfJiiliililBiAd
H I
the circle of Upper Rhine and county
of ir<;oberg, feated on the s fide of the
Maine, five miles e of Frankfort.
Offenburgi a. tovn of Siiabia (lately
imperial) in the Brifgau, foated on the
Kintz'g, lo mites s£ of Straiburg.
OffiJa, a town of Italy, in the mar-
quikC*^e of Ancona, a^ miles s of Lo-
reto.
Orenbehrtt a town of France, in the
department of .Mont Tonnerre, lately of
Germany, in the palatinate of the
Rhine; fltuate oti the Rhine, is miles
W of Spire.
Oglia, a rivr which rifes in the prin-
cipanty o» Trent, enters Italy and flows
between the provinces of Dergamafco
and Brefciano, through the lakeof Ifero,
to the borders of the Milanefe, and
turning se enters the Mantuan, where
it joins the Po, above Borgoforte.
Ogmo, a town of the kingdom of
Siam, feated at the ne point of the gulf
of Siam, 56 miles se of Siam. Lon. 10 1
a8 E, lat. 13 3,^ N.
O/jeteroOt an ifland in the Pacific
ocean, 13 miles in circuit. It has no
harbour, and is neither fo populous nor
fertile as the idafids to the n of it : yet
its manufa<ftures are of a fuperior kind.
The cloth is of a better die, and the
fpears and clubs are better carved and
poliflied. The people are lufty and
well made, and rather browner than
thofe of Otahcite. Lon. 150 47 w, lat.
aa 47 s.
Ohio, a river of N America, which
lias its fource in the Allegany moun-
tains, and is called the Allegany, till it s
junction with the Monongahela at Pittf-
burg, when it firft receive the name of
Ohio. It bounds the dates of Ohio and
Kentucky in its whole length ; and the
only difadvantage it has, is a rapid, juft
below Louifville, one mile and a half
long, aad about 480 miles from its
mouth. In this place the river runs
over a rocky bottom, above 1000 yards
broad; and when the ftream is low,
empty boats only can pafs, but when
high, boats of any burthen may pafs in
fafety. The Ohio carries a great uni-
formity of breadth, from 400 to 600
yards, except the lafl: 150 miles, where
it is from 8od to 900 yards. After a
courfe of 1188 miles from Pittfburg, in
which it receives many large and fmall
rivers, it enters the Milfiflippi in lat. 36
5&N.
Ohioy one of the United States of
America, lying between 38 30 and 42 a
If lat. and 80 i8 and 83 53 w lon. It
is boanded on the n by the territory of
OLD
Michigan and Like Erie, E by Pennfyi.
vania, se and s |>X.the Ohio, and w by
Indiania. Thifu^mntry, affirmed to b<<
the moft healtl^ and fertile fpot in
America, is divided into five diftrifls ;
the North Weft, Cincinnata, Chilicotha,
Marietta, and New Connetfticut. Its
principal rivers are the Mulkingum,
Uockhocking, and Sciota, which run
into the Ohio, and the Cayahaga, which
runs into Lake Erie. There are no
flaves in this ftate. The largeft town,
at prefent, is Marietta, but Chillicothe
is the capital.
Ohlau, a town of Silcfia, in the prin-
cipality of Brieg, with a fine caftle.
Great qHantities of tobacco are pro-
duced in the neighbourhood. It is
fltuate on the Ohla, 16 miles se of
Brellau.
Ohrdruf, a town of Upper Saxony,
in Thuringia, with a caftle, and numer-
ous manufa^ureS) eight miles sse of
Gotha.
Ohringettt a town of Franconia, ca-
pital of the principality of Hohunlohe,
with an academy. In the vicinity of
the town many Roman antiquities have
been found fincc 1741. It ftands on
the river Ohrn, which divides it into
the old and new town, a8 miles ssw of
Mergentheim. Lon. 9 42 £» lat. 49
UN.
O/V/2, Loch, a lake of Scotland, in
InvernefsOiire, extending four miles
from E to w. It contains fome little
wooded iflands; and its outlet at the
N end is the river Oich, which flows by
Fort Auguilus into the s extremity of
Loch Ntfs.
Oira, a town of Naples, in Terra
d'Otranto, with an old caftle; feated at
the foot of the Apennines, ao miles ne
of Tarento.
Oise, a department of France, in-
cluding part of the late province of the
Ifle of Frjjnce. It takes its name from
a river, which has its fource in the
Ardennes, and joins the Seine, below
Pontoife. Beauvais is the capital.
Okotsk, a town of Siberia, c.ipital of a
province of the fame name, in the go-
wnment of Irkutlk. It is feated at
tm: mouth of the Okota, in a tiay of
the Pacific ocean, called the fei of
Okctlk, 490 miles ESK of Yakuifk.
Lon. 143 iz E, lat. 59 20 n.
Oldetibiirg, a duchy of Cermnny, in
the circle of Weftphalia ; bounded on
the E by the duchy of Bremen, .s by
the principality of Munfter, w by E
Friefland, and n by the German oceajj.
It was formerly a county, united with
frtf
M.
Jeimany, in
OLE
jDelmenhorft, and when the line of its
counts became extinA^in 16C7, it d*--
volved to the royal flUii^y of Denmark,
in 177.^ it was exchanged by Donmark
with the grand duke of Ruflia, for the
diftrit^t of Kiel in Holftein ; and in 1777,
th'j emperor of Germany raifed Oldcn-
biirj: and Deimenhorft to the rank of a
ducHy. Tlie inhabitants arc of the
Lin^°ran religion.
Uh>:nl/urgy a. fortified town of Weft-
phalia, capital of the duchy of its name,
with a citadel, in which a governor re-
fides. Tlie church of St. Lambert con-
tains the tombs of the lafl: counts of
Okienbiirjr, which are very curiotis. It
is feated on the Hunta, zz miles w of
Brcriien. Lou. 8 6 e, lat. 53 7 N.
Oldenburg, J town of Lower Sax-
ony, in the duchy of Holftein, feated
near the Baltic, 28 miles n of Lubec.
Oldendnrf, a town of Wcftphalia, in
the county of Schauenburg, feated on
the Wefer, five miles v. of Rintcln.
Olddtisael, a town of Holland, in
Ovfiyilll, capital of the country of
Twcnt. It is ,30 miles e of Deventer.
Ohk'slobe, a town of Lower Saxony,
in the duchy of Holftoin, ftated on the
Travc, 17 miles w of Lubec.
Oldham, a town in Lancalhire, built
on high ground, on a branch of the
Medlock atid near the Irk, whofe dreams
carry on the machinery, &c. of numer-
(1115 manufadures. It is four miles n of
Manchefter.
Oldtown, a town of Maryland, in
Alleghany county, on the n fide of the
Potomac, 14 miles se of Cumberland,
and 140 w by n of Baltimore.
Olene, a town of the duchy of Wcft-
phalia, with confidcrable iron-works,
on the riviT Bigge, 3 3 miles s of Arenf-
bcrjr,
Oleron, an illand of France, five miles
from the w coaft, oppofite the mouth
of the Charente. It is 14 miles long
and five broad, populous and fertile.
This ifland was formerly in the pofTef-
fion of the crown of England; and here
Richard 1 compiled the code of mari-
time laws, called the Laws of Oleron,
which are itrceived by all nations in
Europe, as the ground and fubftrudion
of all their marine conftitutions.
Okron, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Lower Charonte, with a
cartle; feated on the e fide of the ifland
of Oleron, 13 miles wsw of Rochefort.
Ion. I 15 w, lat. 45 48 N.
Oleron, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Lower Pyrenees, and lately
a biftiops fee. It is feated on the Gave,
10 miles sw of Pau.
o t o
Olfjko,'i town of Polxid, in the pa-
latinate tif Beltz, 48 milei ese of BeltZ'
Oliia, 9. town of Poland, in Volbinia,
with a citadel, 30 miles e cf Lucko.
Olindj:. See Fernambua-
Olita, a town of Spain, in Navarre,
where their kings formerly refided, but
now much reduced. It is feated in a
fertile country, 20 miles n of Tudela.
0/iva, a feaport of W Pruffia, fitu-
ate on a bay of the gulf of Dantzic.
Here is a celebrated jnonaftery, which
contains feveral tombs of the dukes of
Pomerania, and in it a peace was con-
cluded in 1660. between the emperor of
Germany and the kings of Sweden and
Poland. It is 10 miles wnw of Dant*
zic. Lon. 18 32 E, lat. 54 24 n.
Oliven^a, a town and fortrefs of Spain»
in Eftremadura. This place, with its
territory, belonged to Portugal, tut was
ceded to Spain in 1801. It is 15 miles
ssE of Elvas, and 16 ssw of Badajoz.
Ollerton, a town in Nottinghamfhire,
with a market on Friday, feated on the
river Maun, 13 mih's nw of Newark,
and 137 N by w of London.
Olmedo, a town of Spain, in Leon,
feated near the Adaja, 25 miles s of
Valladolid.
Olmutz, the capital of Moravia, and
an archbifliop's fee, with a famous uni-
verfity, and a ftrong caftle, ufed as a
ftate prifon. It is fortified, well built,
and entirely furroimded by the river
Morau. This city was taken, in 1741,
by the king of Pruffia; and in 1758 he
attempted it again, but ^ivas obliged to
raife the fiege. The emperors of Ruffia
and Auftria met here in 1805, previous
to the battle of Aufterlitz. It is 80
miles N by E of Vienna, and 97 s of
Bredau. Lon. 17 15 e, lat. 49 33 v.
Olney, a town in Buckinghamfhire,
with a market on Monday, and a manu-
fadlure of bonelace; feated on the Oufe,
12 miles SE of Northampton, and 55
NNW of London.
Olonetz, a government of Ruilia, in-
cluded formerly in tlu? government of
Novogorod. In this difltridt are mines
of copper and iron. The capital is of
the fame name, and near it is a mineral
fpring and an iron forge. It is fituate
on the river Olonza, near its entrance
into the lake Ladoga, 100 miles, crofs
the lake, nb of Petcrfburg. Lon. 34 20
E, lat. 61 26 N.
Olonetz Mountains, a chain of moun-
tains in the nw part of Ruffia, which
runs in a dire(ftion almoft due n for the
fpace of 1000 miles, forming part of the
boundary between this country and
Sweden.
Kk
• A ■
OM S
Olonnt, a town of France • in the de-
partment of Vendee. 35 miles w of
Fonfcnay \v Comte.
0/p/iett, a town of Weftphalia, in the
principality of Munftcr, 17 miles ssw
of M under.
Olten, a town of Swifferland, capital
of a haiiiwic, in the canton of Solenre ;
feated on the Aar, 17 miles cne of So-
leu.e.
Olympus, a mountain of Afiatic Tur-
key, in Natolia, one of the molt con-
fidenihlft in all Afla. The ancients
<V^pol;d its top reached the heavens;
.^<J frcm that circumftance placed the
'^fidcnce of the gods there, and made
te court of Jupiter. It is 10 miles
V i I .e *E of Bursa.
O;:.., ', a town of Ireland, in the
county or Tyrone, ao miles n» of In-
nilkilling.
Oman, a province of Arabia Felix,
bounded on the nw by the Pcrfian gulf,
NE and SB by the ocean, and sw by
extonfive deferts. It is pofTeired by a
number of petty fovereigns, the moft
confiderable of whom is the imam of
Oman, or Mafcat. The chief town is
Mafcat.
Oml/o, a town of Egypt, on the right
bank of the Nile, a6 miles n of Efne.
Ombrone, a town of Tufcany, in the
Siennefe, at the mouth of the river Om-
brone, five miles s of Grofletto.
Omegna, a town of Italy, in the Mi-
lancfe, on the ne fide of the lake Orta,
25 miles NNw of Novara.
• Omer, St- a fortified t<iwn of France,
in the department of Pas de Calais.
It owes its name and importance to a
faint, who built a grand rnonaftcry here
in the fevciitli century. Befc-e the re-
volotion it was a biftiop's fee. The
principal church, and that of St. Ber-
tin, are m.tgnificont. About a hague
from the town is a great morafs, in
which an' fomc doating inand.s. St.
Omer is feated on the Aa, on the fide
of a hill, eight miles nw of Aiie, and
135 N of Paris. Lon. 3 15 k, lat. jo
Otnmcn, a town of Holland, in Over-
yflel, feated on the Vecht, 17 miles ne
of Deveiiter.
Ommircbih. See Morbeys.
Oman, a town of Mexico, in Hon-
duras, with a ftrong fortrefs. It was
taken by the liritifh, in i77gj by ef-
calade ; but the garrifon left could not
remflin long in pofleflion. It is feated
on the bay (jf Honi'uras. 80 miles nnw
of Valladolid. Lon. 88 47 w, lat. 15
40 N.
Omski a town and fortrefs ef RufHa,
O NO
In the government of Tobolflc, fituate at
the conflux of Um Qm with the Irtylh,
350 tniles sE ovTobolfk. Lon. 74 ^4
c, lat. j4 14 V.
Onetote, a village in Staffbrdfliire,
eight miles N by R of Cheadle, noted
for the rich copper mines in its vicinity.
Onetheonu, one of the Sandwich
iflands, in the Pacific ocean, five leagues
w of Atooi. Its eaftern coaft is high,
and riles abruptly from the fea, but the
other parts oonfift: of low ground, ex-
cept a round bluff head on the se point.
It produces plenty of yams, and of a
fweet root called Tee. Lon. 161 w,
lat. 31 $0 N.
Qneg, a town of Ruflia, in the go-
vernment of Archangel, on the river
Onega, near the White fea, 80 miles
ssw of Archangel. Lon. 37 24 e, lat.
63 .^5 N.
Onega, a river and lake of Ruflia, in
the government of Olonetz. The lake
is 100 miles long and 40 broad, and has
a communication with the lake Ladoga.
The river gives its name to a country
full of woods, and flows into the White
fea.
Oneglia, a fmall principality of Italy,
furrounded by the territory of Genoa
and the fea. It abounds in olive-oil,
fruits, and wine.
Onegtia, or Oneille, a fcaport of Italy,
capital of the principality of Oneglia.
In 179a, the French took it by ftorm,
and fet it on fire in feveral places. It
is feated at the mouth of the Imperiale,
55 miles sw of Genoa. Lon. 7 57 e,
lat. 4.^ 58 N.
Otieidfi, a town of New York, chief
of a county of the fame name, feated
on Oneida creek, ao miles sw of Fort
Stanwix. Lon. js *o *» ^^- 43 1° ^'
Sec Onoudago.
Onezior, a lake of RufTia, in the go-
vernment of Olonetz, t:.o miles long
and 40 bro.td. It contains feveral if-
lands.
Ongflr, or Chipping Ongar, a town in
Elfcx, with a market on Saturday, li
miles w of Chelmsford, and 21 ene of
London.
OngoU, a town of Hindooftan, in the
Carnatic, capital of a circar of its namr.
It is 78 miles ssw of Condapilly, and
166 N by w of Madras. Lon. 79 56 £>
lat. 15 s8 N.
Onolzbacli. See /inspach.
Onorrdago, or Oneida, a lake of New
York, lying between the counties of
Onondago and Oneida. It is ao miles
w of Fort Stanwix, and extends weft-
ward about 40 miles, where its outlet,
the river Onondago, i-uns into lake
idooftan, in the
car of its name.
ondapilly» -ind
Lon. 79 56 E)
00 N
Ontario, at Ofwego. At the ne cor-
ner of the lake is Vfjod creek, anil at
thf sw corner is Oieida- creek ; on
tlu'lr banks live a tribe of IndianR, called
Oncidas; and the Onoiid.igos, anotber
tribe, occupy the country s of the lake
and river.
Ononda,!jo Caitiff a town of New
York, in Onondago county, formerly
the chief town of a trilx' of Indians,
caikd Onondagos. It is 45 miles sw
of Fort Stanwix, and 47 sk of Ol'wego.
Lon. 7.^ 36 w, l.it. 4j j8 s.
Onore- See Ihnaivera,
Onrust, a fmall illand near the coaft
OP?
of thread, they ufe the fibr; 8 of plants,
fplit to the thicknefs required. All
fewing id performed by the females,
who are fhocmakers, tailors, and boat-
builders. They manufaiJturc mats, and
batkets of grafs, which are both ftrong
and beautiful. There is a neatncfs and
perfed^ion in molt of their works, that
Ihows they are not deficient in ingenuity
and perfcverancK. Lon. 165 o w, lat.
S3 5 N.
Oosthorch, a town and fort of the
Netherlands, in the ifle of Cadfand, four'
miles NK of Sluys.
Oostenbvy a town of Sweden, in the
of Java, at the moutl^^of the harbour of ifle of Oeland, 17 miles s of Borkholm
Ontampa/iam, a town and fort of
Hindooftan, in thi' country of DindiguU
58 miles sw " Diridigul. Lon. 77 a6
E, lat. 9 43 ■'
Ootatore. ? to • of Hindooftan, in
the Carnal, a*;, / nnw of Tanjore,
and 80 sv ')i "
Opliei
Hatavia. Ileie the Dutch repair their
Ihips, and have large wnrehoufes.
Ontario, a lake of N America, fituate
bi'tween 75 arrd 79 w lon. and 43 and
44 N lat. Its length is 180 miles, and
50 its medium breadth. On its sw
part it receives the waters of I/ake Kric
(by the river Niagara) and near the ."^k
the Onondago river; and on the nr is
its outlet the river Iroc^uois, or St. Law-
rt'iicc. It is 500 miles in circumference,
and abounds with fifli, among which
are the Ofwego bafs, weighing three or
four pounds. The iflands are princi-
pally at the eaftern end, the chief of
wliich are Wolf, Amherft, Gage, and
Howe.
Oodamnllyy a town of Hindooftan, in
Coimbetorc, 30 miles sse of Coimbe-
tore.
Oonatas/ika, one of the iQands of the
Northern Archipelago, vifited by Cook
in liis laft voyage. The natives ap-
peared to be very peaceable, having
been reftrained by the Ruflians, who
now keep them in a ftate of fubjeflion.
As the ifland furnilhcs them with fub-
fifteiice, fo it does, in fome meafure,
with clothing, which is chiefly com-
pofed of Ikins. The upper garment,
which is made like a wagoner's frock,
reaches down to the knees. Bcfide
this, they wear a waiftcoat or two, a
pair of breeches, a fur cap, and a pair
of boots, the legs of which are formed of
fome kind of ftrong gut, but the folesand
upper leathers are of Uullia leather.
Filii and other fca auimals, birds, roots,
berries, and even fea weed, compofc
their food. They dry quantities of lifli
during the fummer, which they lay up
in fmall huts for their ufe in winter.
They did not appear to be very defirous
of iron, nor to want any other inftru-
ment except fewing needles, their own
being formed of bone. With thefe they
ew their canoes, make their clothes,
nd work curious embroidery. Inftead
'ondicLerry.
vn of Norway, in the
province of ^> sgcn, 45 miles nne of
Bergen.
()/>or or Porto, a city and feaport
of Pori. I .11 Entre Douero e Minho,
and a biihop's fee. It is by nature al-
moB impregnable ; and is noted for its
ftrong wintrs, of which large quantities
are exported to England ; whence all
red wines from Spain or Portugal are
called Port wines. The other chief
exports are oranges, lemons, &c. and
linen cloth to Braiil. Its commerce
greatly increafed after the earthquake
at Lifbon, in 175.;; before that time
the population was eftimated at io,ooo,
and it is now faid to be 50,000. It is
feated on the fide of a mountain, near
the river Douero, which forms an ex-
cellent harbour, 147 miles n by e of
Liibon. Lon. 8 zz w, lat. 41 10 n.
Oppeln, a ftrong town of Silefla, ca-
pital of a priucipality of the fame name,
with a catholic collegiate church. It
has a great trade in wool, and ftands on
the Oder, 50 miles se of Breflau. Lon.
18 o t, lat. 50 j9 N.
Oppenheim, a town of France, in the
department of Mont Tonnerre, lately
of Germany, in the palatinate of the
Rhine. The vicinity produces excellent
wine. It is feated on the fide of a hill,
I J miles ssii of Mentz
Oppido, a town of Naples, in Calabria
Ulteriore, at the foot of the Apennines,
a5 miles n e of Reggio.
Oppido, a town of Naples, in Bafi-
licata, five miles sse of Acerenza.
Oppitrg, a town of Upper Saxony,
in Mifnia, with a caftle, fourmilei wsw
of NcuftaUt.
Kk2
O R A
Oraefi, a town of European 'i mkey,
in Bofnia, near the river Drino, 60 miles
s\v of Belgrade.
Oran, a city and feaport of Algiers,
in the province of Mafcara, with an ex-
cellent harbour, almull; nppofito Cartha-
prna, in Spain. It was taken by the
Spaniards in 1509, and retakni in 1708.
In 1 7;) 2, the Spaniards became m;t(lcr8
of it again, and have kept it evi-r lince.
In 1790, it was deftroyed by an earth-
quake, little befide the exterior walls
being left (landing; and 2000 p»>rfonR
perifljpil. It has a parifli church, three
monafteries, a hofphal, and a military
fchool ; and is fin rounded by forts and
batteries. Clofe to the city i.s a ftrong
caftle, Alcazava, in which the Spanifli
governor rcfides. A confiderable num-
ber of Mahometan."* take refuge here ;
they dwell in a diftindt part of the city,
receive pay from the court of Spain,
and render fignal fcrvices agninft the
Moors. The greateft part of the inha-
bitants, who are" about ia,ooo, confift
of fuch as have been banilhcd from
Spain ; and the fame may, in a great
meafurc, be faid of the foldi^'rs who
compofe the garrifon. Oran is fcated
partly on the fide of a hill, and partly
\n a plain, aa.i; miles wsw of Algiers.
Lon. o 5 w,lat. ,:^.<; 58 w.
Orange, a city of France, in the de-
partment of Vauclufe, lately a bifhop's
iee. It was an important place in the
time of the Romans. A triumplial
arch, 200 paces from the town, was
formerly within its limits ; and here are
alfo the remains of a fine amphitheatre,
fome aquednds, &c. The fortifications
were demolifhed by Lewis xiv, in
]6!>3. Orange was the capital of a
principality of the fame name, 17 miles
long and 13 broad, given by Charle-
magne to William au Cornet, as a re-
ward for his military fervices. It was
poflefliii fucceflTively by the houfcs of
Baux, Chalons, and Naffau; and on the
death of William iit of England, in
1701, Frederic-William of Pruffia claim-
ed this principality as his heir. Lewis
XIV had feized it during the war with
king William ; but he exchanged it in
1 7 13, with the king of Pruflia. for the
town of Geldres. The city is fcated in
a fine plain, on the river Aigues, 12
miles N of Avignon, and 57 s of Va-
lence. Lon. 4 49 K, lat. 44 9 K.
Orangeburg, an inland diftriift of S
Carolina, comprehending the counties
of Lewifburg, Orange, Lexington, and
Winton.
Orangeburg, a town of S Carolina,
ill Orange count)', capital 9f the dUtrift
O R D
of its name. It ftanclH on the n branch
of the Ediflo, 71, milfs nw ofCharlt(\Mi.
Lon. 80 42 w, lat.' 33 J} K.
Orangetoivn, a town of the ftati; of
New York, on the w fide of the Hud-
fon, i» miles v of Ni-w York.
Oranienbaum, a town of llj^ppr Sax-
ony, in the duchy of Anhalt-Deffiu, fix
miles 8E of DclHiu.
Oi-anienbaum, a town of Ruflla, in
Ingria. Here is a royal palace, built by
prince Men/.ikoff, alterward Gonvcital
into an hofpital ; but much ufed as .1
refidcnce by P»'ter in. It is feated «m
the gulf of Finland, 20 miles w of Pc-
tcrfburg,
Orauifuhtirg, a town of Brandenburjr,
in the Middle mark, anciently called
Bret/.ow. It takes its pielVnt name
from a villa built by the margrave, and
is fituate on the liavel, 18 miles n of
Berlin.
Orntava, a town on the w fide of
the ifiand of Teneriff, and the tfliift"
phice of trade. It is feated at the'bot-
torn of an amphitheatre of mountains,
out of which rifes the Pike of Tcni rilf.
Its port is at three iniVes didance. Lon.
16 24 u', lat. 2U 23 N.
(.h-haisan, a town of Piedmont, fix
miles sw of Turin.
Orhf, a town of Swl/Terland, in the
Pays dc Vaud, with a bold fingle-.irclud
bridge over the river Orbe, 20 milce w
by s of Friburg, and •},% wsw of Bern.
0>bL\ a town of Germany, in tlic
lati,' ekxHorate of Mentz, celebrated for
its fait works, 26 miles e of Frank-
fort.
Orbitelto, a feaport of Italy, capital
of Stato delli Prt.'fidii, with a good har-
bour prott;(5led by feveral forts. It is
feated on the Meditenane.ui, near tht
month of the Albcgna, 68 miles .s by
\v of Sienna. Lon. 1 1 6 e, lat. 4: iH \.
Orbre, a river of France, which rifcs
in the Cevennes, flows by Bczicrs, and
enters the gulf of Lyon, at Scrignan.
Orcades- See Orkni-t/S'
Orc/iies, a town of France, in the de.
partment of Nord, 12 miles sdE of Liflf.
Orchilh, a fmall ifland of the Carib-
bean fea, 80 miles n of the coaft of
Terra Firma. Lon. 65 ao i", lat. 1 2 o .v.
Orcbimont, a town of the Nether-
lands, in the territory of Luxemburg,
fituate on the Semoy, 18 miles n of Se-
dan.
OrJhigen, a town of France, in the
department of Roer, lately of Germany,
in the eledoratc of Cologne ; feated
near the Rhine, 36 miles nne of Co-
logne.
Orduna, a town of Spain, m Blfcay^
Piedmont, fis
O R F
&.itc(i in a valley, furioiindcd by high
iiiouiitains, 30 milei IW of Uilboa.
Onbro, a town of Sweden, cnpital of
Ntricia. In the middle of it, on a
I'mali iflaiid formt-d by the Swart, ftands
the callle, formerly a royal rcfidence.
It has a conlidcrablc trade with Stock-
holm, acrol's the lakes Hiclmar and
Milder, by means of the river and canal
of Arboga; fending iron, vitriol, and
red paint, in particular, to that capital.
Oabr.) is ftatid near the w extremity
of the lake Hiclmar, 105 miles w by s
of Stockhohn. l-on. 15 la E, lat. 59
Orc,t;rund, a fcaport of Sweden, in
nplaiui, oil the gulf of Bothnia, oppo-
Ht(; th<r i'lnall ifland of Ginfon. The
chief aiticlo export* d is iron, from the
lonjj; ccli-biated mine of Danamora in
its NJcioity- It is 70 mill s n of Stock-
holm. ],on. 18 _'; Vy lat. 60 5i >*■.
Onl, a goveinnicnt of Kullia, once
r. province of the government of Biel-
j,'i)rod. , Its capital, of the Time name,
is fcatc'd on the Occa and Orel, 207
jnik'o ssw of Mofcow. Lon. ^f, 20 e,
Lit. 5 i O N.
Ordhina, a town of Spain, in Eftre-
jnadura, !i itcd near the Guadiana, s8
miles I. of Merida.
Orenbitrx^ a town and fortrefs of Si-
bcri.i, capital of a province of the fame
iianif, in the government of Ufa. It
is .1 place of confiderable commerce,
and rtiited on the Ural, 260 miles ssE
ofUia. Lon 55 4 e. lat. 51 46 n.
Oirrise, a city of Spain, in Galicia,
and a biiliop'e fee. Mere are fome cele-
brated tepid and hot fprings. It is
fiiatcd at tin; foot of a mountain, on the
river Minho, 47 miles se of Compof-
tdla. Lon. 7 48 w. lat. 42 24 jj.
(hfa. Our/a, or /{oimh, a town of
Afiatic Turkey, in Diarbek, faid to be
the Ur of tlie Chaldtes. The walls are
three miles in circumference, defended
by fqnare towers, and on a rocky hill to
the s is a (lately calHc. It has a good
trade, particularly in carpets and lea-
ther; and has a canal to the Euphrates.
The country round is fertile in corn
and fruit. It is 8] miles ne of Aleppo,
and 100 sw of Diarbekir. Lon. 38 20
V, lat. 36 50 N.
Orfonl, a town of New Hampfliire,
in Grafton county. The foap-rork,
which has the property of fidlers earth
in clcanhng cloth, is found in its neigh-
bourhood ; alfo a gray ftone, in great
demand for millftone.s. It is fituate on
the Connedticut, n miles nne of Ha-
Hover.
Orford, a borough in Suffolk, jro-
OR K
vemed by a mayor, with a market on
Monday. Here are the remains of a
caitle, which, with the church, are a
feamark. It in featcd near the German
ocean, between two channelst 18 milek
E by N of Ipfwich, and 88 nl of Lon-
don.
Orford Nestt a cape of England, on
the SE coaft of Sullex, where a light-
houfe IB ere^ed for the direction of
(hips. Lon. i '6 k, lat. .<;2 4 n.
Orgaz, a town of Spain, in New Caf-
tile, with a caftle, 15 miles s of Toledo.
Or^flet, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Jura, feated at Jhe fourcc
of the Valoufe, 30 miles ssw of Salins.
Orglva, a town of Spain, in the pro-
vince of Granada, 25 miles s of Gra-
nada.
Oria, a town of Naples, in Terra
d'Otranto, with an ancient cadle, ao
miles F. of Tarento.
Outfit, a feaport of France, in the
department of Morbihan, feated on a
bay, at the mouth of the Scorf. It was
built, in 1720, by the French E India
Company, who made it the exclufive
mart of their cx>mmerce. The har-
bour, which is defended by a citadel,
oppofite Port Louis on the fame bay,
can contain but a fmall number of men
of war. The Englilh attempted to be-
come mafters of it in 174^), but mif-
carried. It is 24 miles w by n of Van-
nes. Lon. 3 20 w, lat. 47 44 n.
Orihuela, a town of Spain, in Valencia,
and a bilhop's fee, with a univerfity,
and a citadel built on a rock. Here are
made curious fnufl'-boxes, with the
roots of the tercbinthus, much efteemed
for preferving Spanifli fnufF. It iafeated
in a very fertile country, on the Segura,
36 miles N of Carthag<;na. Lon. i 3 w',
lat. 38 8 N.
Orioy a town of .Spain, in Bifcay, at
the mouth of the Orio, eight miles ws w
of St, Sebaftian.
Oriisa, a province of the Deccan of
Hindooltan, bounded on the n by Bahar
and Bengal, w by Berar, s by Golconda,
and V. by the bay of Bengal. The dif-
tri(5t of Midnapour, in this province, is
fiibjtcft to the Englilh E India Company ;
but all the relt belongs to the Berar
Mahrattas.
Oristagui, a fortified town of Sar*
dinia, and an archbilhop's fee, with a
good harbour. It is but thinly inhabit-
ed, and feated on the w coaft, on a bay
of the fame name, 42 miles KW of Cag-
liari. Lon. 851 k, lat. 39 53 n.
Orkened, a town of Sweden, in Scho-
nen, 24 miles n of Chriftianftadt.
Orhiiy Islandi, or Orkneyty the an*
O R K
dent Orcadfs, a cluftrr of iflands to
the N of Scotland, from which they
are fcparated hy Pcntland Frith. They
lie between 57 35 and 49 16 n lat. and
are a6 in number, of which one greatly
exceeds the other in extent. Thin, like
the principal one of ShelUmd, \i fomc-
times dignified with the appellation of
Mainland, but h morr frequently called
Pomona. Beyond this ifland, to the
NF are feen, among others, Uowfa,
Egliflia, and Weftra, Sh:ippinftii and
Eda, Strnnfa, Sanda. and N Konalfha;
and to the s appear Hoy, and S Ronnld-
fha» with others of inferior note. The
currents and tides which flow bftwecn
thefe iflands are rapid and dangerous;
and near t?.e fmall ifle of Swinna are
two whirlpools, very dangerous to ma-
riners, efpecially in calms The fci-
coaft fwnrms with feals and otters, and
is vifited by whales, cod, ling, haddocks,
herrings, and other fifh ; and on the
fliores are found large oyfters, nnifcl»'s,
cockles, Jcc. The iflands are vifited by
eagles, falcons, wild gecA' and ducks in
great variety, herons, hawk^ . culls, &c.
Springs of pure water are foii'ul in nil
the mountainous parts of •^hefc iflands ;
and there are numerous 1 ikes and rivu-
lets abounding in fifli. The heath, on
the mountains Iheltcrs grouff, plovers,
fnipes, &c. but.there are no parti idger.,
hares, nor foxes. There are great num-
bers of fmall fhecp and black-caUle.
The products of the valleys and plains
are big and oats, but no othrr fort of
grain. Except juniper, wild myrtle,
heath, and a flirub called cyor-hordon,
there is fcarce a tree or plant to be ftcn ;
but this nakedncfs cannot have been
their former ftate, as many trunks of
large oaks are to be found in all the
mofll'8. The climate of thffe ifl mds in
fummer is moift and cold ; but in winter
there is never much fnow, and that lies
• only a ftiort time. Preceding the au-
tumnal equinox, they are vifittd by
dreadful ftorms of wind, rain, and thun-
der. For about thne weeks in mid-
fummer, they enjoy the niys of the fun
almoft without intt-rmiflion ; but' for
the fame fpace in winter, that luminary
hardly rifes above the horizon, and is
commonly ol fcured by clouds and
mifts. In tliis gloomy feafon, the aii-
fcnce of d;iy is fupplied partly by moon-
light, and partly by the radiance of tho
Aurora Horealis, which here gives a
light nearly equal to that of a full moon.
The coafts afford numerous hays and
harbours for the fiflieries. The chief
exports are linen and woollen yarn,
ftockiugs, butter, dried fifh, herrings,
O R L
oil, feathers, and fkin* of various kinds,
and kelp The Rftglifh language pre-
vails in all thi'fc iflands, although there
are many words in tie Norfc, or Nor-
wegian, (till in life. The inhabitants
have the general charadler of being fru-
gal, fagacioug, circumfp»*dt, religions,
.ind hofpitalile; but the common people
are much addidled to fuperflition, and
though inured to great fatigue, will
neither work nor go to fea on particulur
unlucky days,
Or/atnunda, a town of Upper Saxony,
in Thuringia, fcited on the Saalc, oppo.
lite the iiilhix of the Oria, 40 niilea
wsw of Altenburg.
Orlcndo, a cape on the n coaft of
Sicily, 15 miles w by n of Patii. Lon.
15 4K, 'at .^8 14 N,
drill, lols, a late province of France,
divided by the river Loire into the Upper
and Lower. It is a very plentiful coun-
try, and now forms the department ot
Loiret.
Or/eatij, a ciiy of France, capital of
the dcparlircnt of Loiret, and a hi-
fhop's fee It is I'eatcd on the Loire,
and has a canal thtnee to the Loing,
near Montargis. Under the fons of
Clovis, it vvao the capital of a kingdom.
In 14:8, it ftcod a memorable fiege
agaiiii> the Englifh, which was raifed by
the celebrated Joan of Arc, called the
Maid of Orlenis. It is now confidered
as one of the i.ngeft and molt pleafant
ciliei! in France; and its commerce
confifts in (lockings, (heep-ikins, wine,
bvHiidy, corn, grocery, and pr.rticu-
larly fugar, wl'ich is brought raw from
Nrnies and Kodielle The fauxboury
of Paris is of a prodigious lengih, and
that of Olivet, on the left fide of the
Loire, has a communication with the
city by u brit'ge of nine arches. Near
the city is a foreft, containing 94,000
acrcE, planted with oak and other valua-
ble trees. Orleans is 30 miles ne of
Blois, and 60 jsw of Paris. Lon. 1 54
E, lat. 47 54 N
Orlnins, an ifland and town of liOwer
Canada, in ihc river St» Lawrence, a
littlt! to the E of Quebec. Lon. 69 50
w, lat. 47 o N.
Orleans, Neiu, a city and the capital
of Louifiana, built in 1740, under the
regency of the duke of Orleans. In
1788, ("even eighths of the city were de-
ftroycd by fire ; but it is now rebuilt on
a regular plan, and become a place of
confi'Ierable importance, both on ac-
count of its commerce and population.
It is fortified on the fid«8 expofed to the
land, and has a canal that pa(res fix
miles N to the lake Pontchartran, where
ORO
there ii » fort. It is featcd on the Mif>
{ilTippii 105 milei from its mouth. Lon.
89 59 ^> l**'* 29 58 "•
Orlenga, a town of Kuflia, in the go-
vcrnment of Irkutflc, fituatc on the
Lena, 235 miles n of Irkutik. Lon. loj
40 K, lat. j6 o N.
Ormea, a town of Piedmont, on the
river Tunuroi it miles s of Mondovi.
Ormskirit a town in Lancafliirc, with
3 market on Tuefdny. The church is
remarkable for its two (leeples, placed
contiguousi one a tower and the other
a (hort fpire. It is 11 miles n by e of
Liverpool, and 209 nnw of London.
Ormust u fmall idand, in a ftrait of
the fame name, at the entrance of the
gulf of Perfia, nim* miles s of Gombron.
In 1507, the Portuguefe were permitted
to form a fettlement here; and it was
afterward frequented by a number of
rich merchnnts. In 1622, the Perfians,
by the aflfiftance of the Engliih, expel-
led the Portuguefe, and demolifhed the
buildings. Some time after, the Per-
liuns rebuilt the fort, and though they
could never bring' it to l)c a place of
trade as before, it i.s ftill the key of the
gulf of Perlia, on account of the com-
modioufnefs of the harbour. It is uU
moft deferted ; for it produces nothing
but fait, which fometimes is two inches
deep upon the furlace of the earth.
Lon. j6 25 E, lat. 27 20 n.
Ornans, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Doubs, feated on the Lou-
vre, 10 miles SB of Bcfan9on.
Orne, a department of France, includ-
ing the late province of Perche and part
of that of Normandy. It takes its name
from a river, which rifes in the depart-
ment, and runs into the Englifh chan-
nel, eight miles below Caen. The ca-
pital is Alcn^on.
Oremio, a river of Terra Firma,
which iflues from the fmall lake Ipava,
in lat. ,5 5 N, flows E and SE to the lake
°arima, from which it runs toward the
' ; but after receiving the Guaviari, it
betids N, then ne and e till it enters the
Atlantic by an extended delta of mouths
oppoiite the ifle of Trinidad ; but the
principal one is confiderably to the se
of that idand, in lat. 8 .50 n. In this
Angular winding courfe, cftimated at
1400 miles, it receives many large rivers ;
and its chief eftuary is fo deep and im-
petuous as to ftem the moll powerful
tides. See Parima.
Oronsa, a fmall fertile ifland of Scot-
l.ind, one of the Hebrides, to the s of
Colonfa, from which it is Separated by
a narrow channel that is dry at low
water. Here are the ruins of an abbey,
O R V
with many fepulchral ftatuet, and fome
curious ancient fculpture.
Orepeja, a town dfSpain, in Valencia,
on a cape of its name, m the Mediterra-
nean, 55 miles ENb of Valencia. Lon.
o 5 I':, lut. 40 8 N.
On^tioy a town of Spain, in Okl
Cadilr, 34 miles bsb of Placentia, and
63 w of Toledo
Orofesa, in Peru. See Coehabamba.
Orr, a river of Scotland, in Kirkcud-
brightshire, which iflues from a fmall
lake to the E of New Galloway, and
flows to Solway Frith, at Dalbeattie.
Orjova, a town and fortrefs of Upper
Hungary, on the confines of Servia,
fiibjedt to the Turks- The fortrefs was
belieged by the Auftrians in 1790, but
without luccefs. It ftands on the N
fide of the Danube, 60 miles sE of Te-
mcfwar, and 75 e of Belgrade. Lon. z%
40 K, lat. 45 10 N.
Orsoy, a town of Fran'.e, in the de-
partment of Roer, lately of Germany,
m the duchy of Cleve ; featcd on the
Rhine, 20 miles se of Cleve.
Onza, a town of Lithuania, in the
palatinate of Witepfk, with a cattle,
feated on the Dnieper, 36 miles n of
Mohilef, and 5a s by e of Witepflc.
Orta, a town of Italy, in the patri-
mony of St. Peter, feated near the Tiber,
10 miles K of Viterbo.
Orta, a town of Italy, in the Milanefe,
on a lake of the fame name, 21 miles
NNW of Novara.
Ortegal, a cape and caftic of Spain,
on the N coaft of Galicia, 30 miles nne
of Ferrol. Lon. 7 39 w, lat. 43 46 n.
Ortenberg, a town of Germany, in
Wetteravia, with a caftle, fituate on the
Nidder, 17 miles se of Giefen.
Ortenburg, a town and citadel of Ba-
varia, in a county of the fame name,
feated near the river Vils, 10 miles w of
Paflau.
Ortenburg, a town of Germany, ia
Carinthia, on the s bank of the Drave,
oppoflte the influx of the Lifer, 32 miles^
w of Clagenfurt.
Orthes, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Lower Pyrenees, feated on
the fide of a hill, by the river Pau, 20
miles Nw of Pau.
Orton, a town in Wcfimorland, v )fh
a market on W>';d;iefday, 10 milen S'v
of Appleby, and 2/6 nnw of Loiwton.
Ortona a Mure, a town of NapltiS,
in Abruzzo Citeiiore, on the. guiv of
Venice, 13 miles e of Civitadi Chieti.
Ortnind, a town of Upper Saxony, in
Mifnir, on the borders of Lufatia, 16
miled NE of Meiflcn.
Orvieto, a fortified town of Italy, ia
O S N
the patrimony of St. Peter, capital of a
territory of the fame name, and a bi-
(hop's IVc) with a magnificent palace
and a fine Gothic cathedral. It is feated
on a craggy rock, near the conflux of
the Paglia and Chiana, 50 miles nnw
ofRomg. Lon. 12 2o £,lat. 424a i^*
Oruro, a town of Peru, capital of a
jurifdiiflion of the fame name, in the
audience of Charcas. The country
abounds in cattle, and has many gold
and filver mines. It is 15P miles nw
pf Plata. Lon. 68 30 w, lat. 18 10 s.
Oriveel, a river in Suffolk, which
runs SE by Ipfwich, and uniting with
the Stour, forms the fine harbour of
Harwich. Above Ipfwich, it is called
the Gipping.
Osaca, a city of Japan, in the ifland
of Niphon, defendid by a magnificent
caftle. It has a harbour, and is nne of
the moft commercial places of the em-
pire. It ftands on the Jedogawa, over
which are fevcral bridges of cedar, 34
miles s by w of Miaco. Lon 136 5 e,
iat. sS 5 N.
Oschatz, a town of Upper Saxony,
in Mifnia, with a college, and fpme
manufadlures of cloth ; feated on the
Chemnitz, 16 miles nw of Meiflen.
OserOf^n ifland in the gulf of Venice,
having that of Cberfo on the n, to
which it is joined by a bridge. The
capital is of the fame name. Lon. 15 30
E, lat. 4456 N.
Osimo, a town of Italy, in the mar-
Jpifate of Ancona, feated on the Mu-
one, 12 miles ssw of Ancona.
Oiiot. See Stout.
Osma, a town of Spain, in Old Caf-
tilc, and a bifhop's fee, with a iiniver-
iity. It Is almoft gone to ruin, and the
cathedral and epifcopat palace are at
Borgo d'Ofma, a little to the e. It
flands on the Douero, 48 miles se of
Burgos, and 1 1 2 ene of Madrid. Lon.
a, j2 w, lat. 41 qo N.
Osnaiurj^tOT OinaArwri, a principality
(lately a bifhopric) of Germany, in the
circle of Weftphalia, between the ter-
ritories gf Munfler, Ravenfberg, Tcck-
ienburg, Lingen, Diepholtz, and Min-
jdeti. It is 40 miles long and 20 broad ;
produces much corn and flax, and plen-
ty of turf, coal, and marble. The moft
jbeneficial manufafturt- is a coarfe kind
cf linen, which is exported to diflant
.parts. In i8oi,thispviiicipiilji:y wasgivcn
to the cledor of Hanover ; and in 1807,
by the treaty of Tilfit, it was annexed
to Weftphalia.
Osniiiiurg, a fortified town of Weft-
phalia, vdiJiuil of the principality of the
y^V(^|arae name, with a caftle and a univer-
.-■ .- X ' ■ ' -^
V ■ . . •
^ ^ -
O S T
fity- It is celebrated for a treaty of
peace concluded between Germany and
Sueden, in ib^^t in Uvuur of the pro-
tefliiuL feligion. 'lite catholics aiid
prottftants have each two churches;
and the magiftrates are Lutherans. It
is I'eaud on the liafe, 25 miles u by a
of Munfter. Lon. 7 54 e, lat. 52 18 n.
Ojorrio, a town ot Chili, feati.d on
Rio Bueno, in a territory where there
are mines of gold, 80 miles s of Valiii-
via. Lon. 7^ 20 w, lat. 40 58 s.
Oirusbnu, a town of Wcllcrn Tai^
tary, in Turkeftan, capital ot a province
ot tue fame name. It is 80 miles nne
of Samarcaiid, and 260 s of Taraz. Lon.
66 20 i'., lat. 40 40 N.
Ojseiia, the country of the GfTi, or
OlFeti, one of the feven Caucafiaii na-
tions, between the Black fea and tin;
Cafpian i bounded on the n by Great
Cabarda, t by the Lctguis Tartars, and
s and w by Iineritia. It contains 19
diftridls, of whicli one is fubjcil to Imt-
ritia, and the others to Georgia. 1 hilt;
diftridts are of very unequal fize ; fonie
containing only five, and others 50 viU
lages, each of which comprife from :o
to 100 familiLS. Their language has
fome analogy with that of the Perfiui.
Their hiltory is entirely unknown.
The Circaflians and Tartars call thtm
Kuflja.
Ojjoiy, the wefltrn divifion of Queena
county, in Ireland. It gives name to a
bilhopiic, but the cathedral is now at
IriflUuwn, in the county of Kilkenny.
Ossuna, a town of Spain, in Andalulia,
with a niiiverfity. It was formerly
ftrong, but lefs by its ramparts than by
a fountain in the middle (jf the town,
which furnilhes the inhabitants with
water, while the tountiy for eight miles
round is totally deprived of that nccel-
fary article. It is 50 miles ene of Se-
ville. Lon. 5 8 w, lat. ^7 22 N.
Osialric, a town of Spain, in Cata-
lonia. It has a ftioug caftle, taken by
the French, and demohftied in 1695.
It is feated on the Twrdera, 28 miles ne
of Barcelona.
Oitendy a fortified feaport of the Ne-
therlands, in Flanders, feated among a
number of canals, and almoft furround-
ed by two of the largeft of them, into
which Ihips of great burden may enter
with the tide. It is famous tor the
long hege it fuftaintd agaiiift the Spa-
niards, from July 1601 to September
J 604, when it furrendcred by an hono-
rable capitulation. On the death of
Charles 11 of Spain, the French feir-ed
Oftend; but, in 1706, after the battk
of RamjUea, it was retaken by the allies.
o s w
It was again taken hy the French in
1^45, but reftoR'd in 1748. In the war
oi: 1756, the French garrifoned this
town for the etnprefs queen, Maria The-
refa. In 1792, the French once more
took Oftend, which they evacuated in
1793, and repoflefled in 1794. In 1798,
the Englifli landed a body of troops
litre, who deftroyed the works of the
Jl;iiges canal ; but the wind fliifting be-
fore tliey could re-embark, they were
under the neceflityof lurrcndering tothe
French. Oftend is 10 niilos w of Hrugcs,
and 22 NE of Dunkirk. Lon. ^56 u, lat.
51 14 N'-
Oiterhofen, a town of Lower Bavaria,
ffitted on the Danube, so miles wnw of
Faflau.
Osterodc, a town of Lower Saxony,
in the principaiiLy of Gn.benhageii.
Here is a manufadury of woollen fluffs ;
alfo a magaziiis for corn, which is de-
livered out to the miners of llarz forefl,
at a fixed price. It is feated on thi:
Saal, 18 miles n ne of Gottingen.
Osterotle, a town of VV Prufiia, with
a caftle, fituatc on the Dribuntz, 46
jniles sK of Marienburg.
Ostfrsroid, a town of Sweden, capital
of Jemptiii, feated on the i: fide of the
lakcStorlio, 76 miles nw of Suiuifwald.
Lon. 16 10 E, l.it. 63 10 N.
()ster--uici, a town of Lower SaXony,
in the principality of Uulberlladt, with
good woollt'i) maniifacSures; lituate on
the life, 17 miles w by n of Ilalberftadl.
Ostia, a decayeil feaport of Itiiiy, in
Compagn.i di Roma, aiul a bifhop's fee,
helil by tli|C cartlinal dean, wb.oVciides
at Vtletri. The old town was deftroyed
hy the Saracens ; and the new tine con-
filts «nly of the cathedral and a few
mean houfes. It ftands near the eaftern
mouth of the Tiber, which is now fo
fliallow that the harbour is ruined. It
is i; milca sw of Rome.
Ost!i;lia, a town of Italy, in the Man-
iiian, feated ou the Po, 15 miles se of
Maiitiia.
(htiirrhnuscn, a town of the dnchy
of Weflphalia, fituate on the Alft, eight
miles w of Lipftadt.
Ostrnu:, a town of Poland, in Vol-
hynia, near the river Horin, 44 miles
KNw of Conflantinow.
Ojfrow, a town of Poland, in the pa-
latinate of Mnfnvia, on the river Bug, ■^^
miles liNE of Warfaw.
O.'iuni, a town of Naples, in Terra
d'Olranto, feated on a mount-un, near
tltc gulf of Venice, 16 milts wnw of
Brindici.
OjqviiU, St- a village in Northum-
berland, on the Pids wall, four miles
OTA
N of Hexham. Here Ofwald defeated
Cedwall, a Britilh ufurper, who was
killed on the firft onfet; and here he
fet up the firlt crofs in the ki^igdom of
Northumberland.
Ojwejira, a town and fort of the ftate
of New York , feated on the s e. lide of
Lake Ontario, at the mouth Of a river of
the fame name, more commonly called
Onondago. It was taken fi-om the
French, in 1756, by the Britilh, who
ilelivered it up to the United States, in
1796. It is ir,6 miles wnw of Albany.
Lon. 7616 w', lat. 43 20 n.
Osiveiczen, a town of Poland, in the
palatinate of Cracow, feated on the
Viltula, 35 miles w by s of Cracow.
Ojivestr//, a town in Shropfliire, go-
verned by a mayor, with a market ou
V/edncfday. It had a wall and a caftie,
long ago demoliflied ; and has fome
trade from Wales in flannels. It is 18
miles NW of Shrewlbury and 179 of
London.
Oizmiana, a town of Lithuania, in
the palatinate of Wihia, ^2 miles se of
Wilna.
Otaha, one of the Society iflands, in
the Pacific ocean. It lies n of Ulitea ;
and is divided from it hy a ftrait, which,
in the narrowell part, is not more thau
two miles broad. This illand is fm iller
and more barren than Ulitta, but has
two good harbours.
Otalh'iicc, an illand in the Pacific
ocean, difcovered in 1767, by captain
Wallis, who culled it George the Third
Ifland. Captain Cook came hither in
1768, to ol)ferve the iranfit of Venus;
failed round the whole illand in a boat,
and ftaid three months : it war. vifited
twice afterward by that celebrated navi-
gator. It conlilts of two peninfulaF,
about 30 le.igues in circumference,
(ireat part of it is covered with wood?,
confilVmg partly of bread fruit tre^s,
palms, cocoa-nut trees, plantains, ba-
nanas, mulberries, fugar-canes, and
others peculiar to the climate, particu-
larly a kind of pineapple and the dragon-
tree. The birds molt common are two
forts of parroquets, one of a beautiful
fapphiriiie blue, another of a gn-enilh
colour, with a few red fpots ; a kiiig-
tilher, of n dark gieen, with a collar of
the fame iuie round its white throat j a
large cuckiio ; feveral forts of pigeoi'.s
or doves ; and a bliiiih heron. The only
quadrupeds found on the illand were
ho;.;s, dogs, and rats. The people have
mi id featuresi, and a plealing counte-
ninue. Tiiey .ue about the ordinal y
li/e 01 Iv:ropeaus, of a pale mahogany
blown,, with fine black hair and eyes.
O T R
am! wear a piece of cloth round their
Biiddie, and another wrapped about the
bead, like a turban. The women wear
a piece of cloth, with a hole in the
middle, through which they pafs their
heads, fo that one part of the garment
bangs down behind, and the other be-
ft>re, to the knees ; a fine white cloth,
like muflin, pafles over this in various
elegant turns round the body, a little
below the breaft, forming a kind of
tunic, of which one turn fometimes falls
gracefully acrofs the fhoulder. Both
fexes are marked with black (tains, oc-
caiioned by punAuring the ikin, and
rubbing a black colour into the wounds.
As the climate is one of the hotteft in
Ibe world, their houfes have feldom any
walls, but conlift only of a roof, thatch-
ed with the long prickly leaves of the
palm- nut tree, and I'upported by a few
pillars made of the bread-fruit tree.
Their cloth is made of the fibrous bark
of the mulberry tret-, which is beaten
viith a kind of mallet; and a glue,
made of the hibifcus efculentus, ifi em-
ployed to make the bark cohere. Some
of thefe pieces are two or three y.jds
wide, and 50 yards long. Though the
natives f;ir excel moft of the Americans
in the knowledge and pra«5lice of the
arts of ingenuity, yet they had not in-
vented any method of boiling water.
Long nails on the fingers are a mark of
diftindion among them, ns among the
Chinefe ; for they imply that fuch per-
fons only as have no occ;ifion to work,
could fiiffer them to grow to that length.
The tw o fexes here ent feparately, as in
many otiier countries. Their provifions
are chitlly filh, pork, cocoa-nuts, bread-
fruit, and bananas ; and they employ
fca-wator as a faucc both to fifli and
pork. Nothing can exceed their agility
in fwimming, diving, and climbing
trees; and they are praifed for their
gentlenefs, goodnature, and hofpitality.
Omai, a native of this illand, was
brought over to Eng'and by captain
Cook, and carried back by him, in his
laft voyage. In 1799, king Pomane
ceded the diftriiil of Malavai, on the n
fide of this idand, to fome Enghfli inif-
fionaries. Point Venus is in Ion. 149 36
w, lat. 17 29 s.
Otchakof. See Ocxakoiv.
Otley, a town in W Yorkflnre, with
a market on Friday, i'eated on the
Wharf, under a high craggy ciift", 25
miles w of York, and 203 n n w of Lon-
don.
Otoque, an ifland of S America, in the
bay of Panama. Lon.80 10 w, lat. 8 ion.
Otraiito, or Ttrra d'Otfanto, a pro-
O TT
vince of Naples, 70 miles long and je
broad ; bounded on the n by Terra di
Bari, and all other parts by the fea. It
is a mountainous country, abounding
in olives, figs, and wine. Here is a kimt
of fpidcr, callt d Tarantula, whofe bite
is venomous ; and the country is often
vifited by locufts. Sec Lecce-
Otninto, a ftrong city and feaport of
Naples, capital of Terra d Otranto,
and an archbiihop's fee, with a com-
modious harbour, and a citadel. It
has a confiderable trade, and is feated
on the gulf of Vt^nice, 140 miles se of
Bari. Lon. 18 ^5 e, lat. 40 :o n.
Otrar, a fown of Weftern Tartary,
in Turkeftan, near the river Sirr, 70
miles wsw of Taraz.
Otricoli, a town of Italy, in the
duchy of Spoleto, feated on a hill,
near the Tiber, feven miles n by E of
Magliano-
Otsego, a lake in the ftate of New
York, nine miles long, and little more
than a mile broad. Its outlet, at Coo-
perftown, is the eaft branch of the Sul-
quehanna.
Ottendorf, a town of Lower Saxony,
in thv.' duchy of Bremen, with a caftle;
(itiiate near the motith of the Meden, 27
miles Nw of Stade.
Ottenheim, a town of Auilria, on the
N fide of the Danube, five miles wnw
of Lintz.
Otterberg, a town of France, in the
department of Mont Tonnerre, lately
of Germany, in the palatinate of the
Rhine, five miles n of Kayferflautern.
Otterbuni, a village in Northumber-
land, on the river Reed, 22 miles w by
N of Morpeth. It is noted for a battle,
in 1338, between the Enplifli uiiderthe
earl of Northumberland and his two
fons, and the Scots under fir William
Douglas, who was (lain by Henry Per-
cy, furnamed Ilotfpur; but the Scots
obtained the vidory, and the two Per-
cies were made prifoners. On this*
battle the ballad of Chevy Chafe is
fouiided.
Ottersberg, a town of Weftphalia, in
the duchy of Bremen, with a fort, 17
miles NK of Bremen.
Ottery St- Mary, a town in Dcvon-
fliire, with a market on Tuefday. It
has a large church with two fqiiare
lowers, and maiuifadures of flannels,
fergcs, &c. It is feated on the rivulet
Oiler, 10 miles k of Exeter, and i6i w
by s of London.
Oitmuchau, a town of Silefia, 411 tiie
principality of NielVe, with a caftle;
i'eated on the river Niefle, fcven miles w
by s of Nielfe.
3wn in Dcvon-
1 Tiicfday. It
th two fqiiare
cs ot" flannels,
on the rivulet
ter, and i6i w
OUD
Oltofie, a town of the territory of
Genoa, ai miles ne of Genoa.
Ottweilfr, a town of France, in the
department of Sarre, lately of Germany,
in tlie circle of Upper Rhine, with an
ancient caftle ; feated among moun-
tains, i6 miles nne of Sarbruek.
Ouby, an ifland, one of the Moluccas,
lying to the s of Gilolo. It is fubjedt
to the fultan of Bachian, and abounds
in clove trees. The Dutch have a fmall
fort on the w fide. Lon. ia6 50 E, lat.
I 30 s.
Oude, a province of Hlndonftan Pro-
per, fo the N of that of Allahabad. It
is fubjedl to a nabob, whofe dominions
lie on both fides of the Ganges, occupy-
ing (with the exception of the diftri(ft
of Rampour) all the flat country be-
tween that river and the northern moun-
tains, as well as the principal part of
that fertile traft, lying between the
Ganges ind Jumna, known by the name
of Doocb, to within 40 miles of the
city of Uelhi. Oude and its depend-
encies are edimated at 360 miles in
length from e to w, and in breadth
from i/;o to 180. The nabob is in al-
liance with the Britifli ; and a brigade of
the Bengal army is conftantly fl.itioncd
on its weftern frontier; which anfwcrs
the purpofe of covering Oude as well
as Bengal, and of keeping the weflern
itate'^ in awe The capital is Lucknow.
Oude, a decayed city of Hindooftan,
in the province of Oude, faid to have
been the capital of a ^Te.it kin;,'i!om,
1200 years before the ChriRian ira. It
is frequently mentioned in the Maiiahe-
rat, a famous Hindoo work in Sanfcrit,
r.ndtrthe nameof Adjudiah. But wiiat-
ever may have been its former magnifi-
cence, no traces of it are left. Oude is
confulered as a place of fainftity ; and
the Hindoos frequently come hither in
pilgnmage, from all parts of India. It
is feated on the Gogra, nearly adjoining
Fyzabad.
Oudenard, a town of the Nether-
buds, in Flanders, in the middle of
which is a fort. Here is a manufaduro
of very fine linen, and of curious tapef-
try. This town was befieged by the
French in 1 708, but the duke of Marl-
borough entirely routed their aruay . In
1745, it was taken by the French, who
reitored it by the peace of 1748 ; and in
J 794 it furrendered to the French. It
is feated on both fides the Scheldt, 13
miles s of Ghent, and 27 w of Briiflels.
Oudenbur,q, a town of the Nether-
lands, in Flanders, eight miles se of
Pllend.
Oudenwater, a fortified town of S
O V I
Holland, the birthplace of the cele-
brated James Arminius, feated on the
Little Yflel, 10 miles wsw of Utrecht.
Oudipour, or Meyiuary a territory of
Hindot)ftan, in the province of Agimerc,
belonging to the Rajpoots, and lying e
of the river Pudda. It coufifts, in ge-
neral, of mountains, divided by narrow
vallies acceflible only by narrow pafles,
and abounds with fortrelfts. bee Chei'
tore,
Oudipour, a town of Hindoodan, ca-
pital of the territory of the fame name.
It is 134 miles ssw of Agimere, and
175 NE of Amedabad. Lon. 74 41 e,
lat. 24 42 N.
Ouen-tcheott, a city of China, of the
firft rank, in Tche-kian, at the mouth
of a river, with a good harbour, 300
miles ssE of Nan-king. Lon. lai 10 e,
lat 28 a N.
Ovvrflackee, an ifland of S Holland*
between the mouths of the Meufe.
Sommerdyck is the principal town.
Overysclie, a town of the Nether-
lands, in Brabant, feated on the Yfche,
fix miles Ni; of Bruflels.
Overyssel, a province of Holland,
bounded on the n by Friefland and
Groriingen, E by Weftphalia, s by the
county of Zutphen, and w by that of
Arnheim and the Zuyder Zee. It is
divided into three diftridts, called Drent,
Sal land, and Twent. There are many
moralFes in this province, and but few
inhabitants, in comparifon with the
reft. Its greatcft riches confiil in turf,
which is dug up here, and fent to the
neighbouring provinces. Deventer is
the capital.
Ouj^ein, a city of Hindooftan, in the
province of Malwa, capital of one of
the Weftern Mahratta chiefs. It is fix
miles in circumference, furrounded by
a ftrong wall, with round towers. Here
a e four mofques, feveral Hindoo tem-
ples, and a modern palace. It is feated
on the Sippara, which flows into the
Chumbul, 150 miles n by w of Burhan-
pour. Lon. 75 56 k, lat. 23 a6 n.
O-v'ulopol, a town and fort of Ruflia,
in the government of Catherinenflaf.
In digging the foundation of the fort,
in 1795, a curious antique tomb was
difcovercd, fuppofed to be that of the
poet Ovid ; from which circumftance
the town had its name. It is feated at
the mouth of the Dnieftcr, 60 miles sw
of Oczakow. Lon. 30 aj e, lat. 46 10 ^.
Oviedo, a town of Spain, capital of
Afturias d'Oviedo, and a bifhop's fee,
with a univerfity. Near it are the hot
fpriigs of Rivera de Abajo, which bear
fome rcfcniblance to thofe of Bath. It
OUT
is feated at the conflux of the Ove and
!Q,era, which form the Aftu, 55 miles
NNW of Leon. Lon. s 53 w,lat 4,^ aoN.
Ouiz, a town of Piedmont, lcat«;d in
a valley. la tnilcs sw of Siifa.
Oundlet a town in Northamptonihire,
with a market on Saturday, feated on
the Nen, over which are two bridges,
a6 miles ne of Northampton, and 78
N by w of London.
0(4rem, a town of Portnpal, in Eftre-
madura, feated on a nwuntajn, i z miles
w of Tomar.
pur/a. See Orft7.
Ourique, a town of Portug.il, in Alen-
tcjo, celebrated for a vidlory, obtained
by Alphonfo, king of Portugal, over five
Mooriih kings, in ji^g- The heads of
theft; iive kings are the arms of Portugal.
Jt is 26 miles sw of Beja.
Ouriiv, or Ourt, a new department
of v'lance, including the foutherii part
of Liege and of LiniLurg, and the K E
part of Luxemburg. It has its name
from a river, which flows into the Meufe,
above Liege, th? capital of the depart-
ment.
Ouse, a river in Yorkftiire, fiirmed of
the Ui'e and Swale, which rife ncai e.^ch
other in the lomantiv' trad called Ri jh-
niondfliire, and unite at Aldhorougli.
It thence takes the name of Oui'e, and
Jlovvs through York, where it n navig, -
ble for confiderable vefij-ls; anu i..; -
ward receiving the Wharf, F-ru»:i;t,
Aire, and Don, it me^ts the T- ent on
thtboii'i.s o''"Lincolnniire, where their
united ftrc^iv.s f^rsn Iht: Humber.
Ouse, a nvpi in Si!fl\ - formed of ;,wo
br- -.'hcs, o.ii oi wb.ic! .A'c^ in St. Leo*
narci foreft, ii . ' Jiei in the foreft of
Worth, and tiiey unite .'ibove Lewes.
It (lows by that town to Newhaven, be-
low which it forms a coufidei-able haven,
and enters the Knglifh channel.
Ouse, (ircat, a livir which rifes in
Northampton fli ire, near Ihackley, and
flows to Buckingham, Stoney Stratford,
Newport Pagnel, Olney, and Bedford,
where it is navigable. Tlunce it pro-
«eeds to St. Neot, Huntingdon, St. Ivis,
P'ly. and Lynn, below which it enters
the Lincolnfliire wafh.
Ouse, Little, a river wliich vifes in the
s part of Norfolk, and dividing that
county from Suffolk, as it flows wefl-
ward, Iiecomes navigable at ThtHfurd,
Z' \ aft. rward joins the Great Oufc.
Oussore, a town and fo.t of Hin-
douftan, in Myfore, taken by the
Kiiglifl) in 179X. It is ig miles sf; of
Bangalore, and 69 ::nk of Seiingapa-
lain.
O\(riro, a tou n and forlrefs of Portu-
O X F
gal, in Tra !o8 Montcs, feated on a mmtn.
tain, nine miles se of firaganza, 4ud 2t
Nw of Miranda-
dwei^o, a town of New York, in Ti-
oga county, on the E branch of th«
Sufcjlielianna, 20 miles w of Union,
Ocxkyhce, the l.irgeft and moft eaftorii
of the Sandwich iflands, in the Pacific
ocean. Its length fi-om n to s is 84
miles, and its breadth 70. It is divided
into fix diftrids, two of which, on th»
NE fule, are feparated by a mountain,
that rifes in three peaks, perpetually co-
ve-red with fnow, and may be feen at 40
leagues diftance. To the ^ of this
mountain, thecoaft confilts of high and
abrupt cuflTs, down which fall many
beautiful cafe nles ; and tbe whole coun-
try i? cc'ered with cocoa 'niit and bread-
fruit tif-es. The peaks of the moun-
tain on the nk fide appear to be about
half a mile high. To the s of tljis
moin^ain, the g; nind is covered with
cinders, and in many places has black
ftreuks -. hich feem to mark the courfo
< f > l.vvtV that has flowed from th«
rr.ountr i,-, ;o the fliore. Tlie fouthern
,.iom.>>Mo.y looks like the mere dicgs
of ,t .;c,'.iio. The pnyedting headland
io v' "ipofed of broken and craggy rocks
pil> irregularly on one another, and
ter. iting in iharp points; yet, amid
hel( a; ins, ^.e many patches of rich
fci', ca v'fuiiy laid out in plantations.
Tiie ;itlds are inclofed by (lone fences,
and an- interfpcrfed with groves of co-
coa-nut trees. Mere captain Cook, in
1779, fell a vi(i',im to a ftidden refent-
me i*-. of the natives, with whom he un-
f.T'ainatcly hud a difpute. Lon. 156 q
W, lat. 19 2.J N.
Oxford, a town of New York, in Ti-
og.i county, 4.5 miles nf. of U"ioii.
Oxford, vlv: capital of Oxtordihiro,
ard a l)iih()p's fee, with a market on
Wednefday .md Saturday. It is feated
at the conllux of the Chierwell with the
Thames, and has n canal to Braunflon,
in Northampionlhin'. The city, with
t ie fuliurbs, it, of a circular form, three
miles in circumference, and was an-
ciently furroundfd by walls, of which
conluh'iable rem;iins arc yet to bf fi'en;
as alfo of its extenfive caflle, the t()\'.('r
(tf Avhich now ferves for a county gaol.
In 1 80 1 the number of inhabitants wiii
12,107. It has, befidc the citht'dral,
j,^ parifh-churches, a famous univnfity,
a noble markei-place, anda magniiicul
bridge. The univerlity is generally hip-
poft'd to have been a femiiiary fur le.rn-
ing bi'tbre tin- time of Alfred, alihoiigh
it owed its revival and confequenee in
his liberal p itronago. Here arc zo col-
O X F
08 Montes, feated on a moiin-
niles SE of Braganza, jjiid ai
uiida.
I town of New York, in Ti-
', on the E branch of th«
la, 20 miles \v of Union^
, the l.irgeft and moft eaftorn
Iwk'h iflands, in the Pacific
ifiigth fi-om N to s is g^
its breadth 70. It is divided
rids, two of which, on th«
; fcparated by a mountain,
three peaks, perpetually co-
fnow, and may be feen at 40
tance. To the ^ of this
he coaft confills of high and
's, down which f,iil many
fc Hies ; and tlje whole ctuin-
d with cocoa oitit and bread-
The peaks of the moun.
NI-: fide appear to be about
high. To the s of tljis
he g; lund is covered with
I in many places has bkck
zh feem to mai-k the couifc
that has flowed from the
> the fliore. The foiithcrn
looks like the mere dicgs
. The projeftirig headland
of broken and craggy rocks
larly on one another, and
in iharp points; yet, amid
^.e many patches of rich
^y laid out in plantations,
e inclofed by (tone fences,
)i'rfed with groves of co-
Ilere captain Cook, in
c5'im to a f.jdden rcfcnt.
lativcr,, with whom he un-
d a difpute. Lon. 1^69
:own of New York, in Ti-
5 miles NF- of Union.
capital of Oxfordihirf,
s fee, with a market on
id Saturday. It is feated
of tiie Cherwell uiih the
h:is a canal to Urauiillon,
on 111 ire. The city, with
of a circular form, thia'
innffvcnce, and was an-
nifd by walls, of uiiich
ni'ins arc yet to bf fw-n;
xtcnfive caftle, the toucr
ferves for a county gaol.
imber of inhabitants w.is
IS, befide the cithcdnl,
lies, a famous Hiiivcrruy,
■pl:i''C, and a magi'ilicjitt
iiiverlity is generally liip-
it'cn a femliiary lur le.rn.
lime of Alfred, aliliongh
ival and confequence in
>nago. Here aj-f 20 col-
O X F
Ii'gcs, and five halls, feveral of which
ft;ind in the ftreeffc, and give the city an
air of magnificence. The colleges are
provided with fuflicient revenues for
the maintenance of a mailer, fellow,
and ftudents. In the halls the ftudeiits
live, eit^er wholly, or in part, at their
own «xpence. The colleges an?, Uni-
vorlity, Biiliol, Merton, Exeter, Oriel,
Queen's, New, Lincoln, All Souls,
Magdalen, Bra/.en Nofe, Corpus Chrifti,
Chrifl: Church, Trinity, St. John Pap-
tift, Jefus, Wadham, Tcmbroke, Wor-
celter, and Hertford. Of thc-fe, the
mod ancient is Univcrfity college,
founded before the year 872; and to
Chrift Church college, begtin Ijy cardi-
nal Wolfey, and finifiied by Henry
viii, l)elongs the catliedral. The halls
are Alban, Edmund, St. Mary, New
Iiui, and St. Mary Magdalen, Among
the libraries in the Univerfity, the moft
diftinguiflied is the Bodleian, founded
by fir Thomas Bodley; thofe of All
Souls college, Chrift Church, Queen's,
New, St. John, Exeter, and Corpus
Chrifti. Among other public buildings,
are the theatre, the Aihmolean mufeiun,
the Clarendon printing-houfe, the Rad-
clifte infirmary, and an obfcrvatory.
Magdalen bridge, befide the beauty of
its architecture, has this fingularity,
that more than half of it is on dry
ground, and the reft covers two fmall
ftripes of the Cherwell; this bridge is
5:6 ftel long. At Oxford, kirjg John,
compelled by his barons, fummoned a
parliament to meet, in 12.^8; the pro-
ceedings of which were fo diforderly,
that it was known afterward by the name
of the Mad Parliament. Charles i af-
fcinblcd a parliament here, in 1625, '"
confequencc of the plague then raging
ill London; and, in 1644, he fummon-
ed fuch of the members of both houfes
as were devoted to his inierefts: thtfe
were fcceders froin the parliament then
fitting at Weftminfter. This city was
diftinguiiticd for its attachment to that
unfortunate king, who here held bis
court during the whole civil war. With-
out the town are many ruins of the for-
tifications tre»5ted in that war. Oxford
is governed by a mayor, dependent on
the chancellor and vicechancellorof tiie
univerfity; and fends tour members to
parliament, two for the univerfity and
i«'o for the city. It 's 50 miles s by K
of Coventry, and 54 wnw of Lundon.
Lon. 1 15 w, lat. 51 46 n.
O.vfonh/iirc, a county of England,
bounded on the t by Buckinghamftiire,
w by Gloucefterfiiire, s by Berkfliire,
iiid w by Wai wickftjirc and Nonharop-
P A C
tonflirre. The extreme 'finpth is 4J
miles, and breadth a6, but its form is
very irregular. It contains 450,000
acres; is divided into 14 hundreds, and
207 parifiies; has one city and la mar-
ket-towns ; and fends nine memberR to
parliament. The number of inhabit-
ants in 1 80 1 was 109,620. The foil,
though various, is fertile in co'n nd
grafs. The s part, efpecia'ly on the
borders of Buckinghamfliire, is hilly and
woody, having a continuation of Chil-
tern Mils running through it. The nw
part is alfo elevated and ftony. The
middit; is, in general, a rich country,
watered by numerous ftroams running
from N to s, and terminating in the
Thames. Of thcfe, the moft confider-
ablearcthe Windrufii, Evenlode, Cher-
well, and Tame, the latter, although
an inconfu? rable rivulet, has «>bfaine('
fome importance from having been lu ■>
pofed to give name to the Thame'
The produds of Oxfordfhire are chief-
ly thofe common to the midland farm-
ing counties. Its hills yield ochre,
pipe-clay, and other earths, ufefnl for
various purpofes. Corn and malt are
conveyed from it, by v.^ Thames, t©
the metropolis. ,i
P
Piicem, a town in tlie n part of Su-
matra, capital of., kingdom of the lam<^
name. It is 120 .-.liies bt of Acl'.cs.
Lon. 97 15 E, lat. 50 N.
Pachauiact or Pachaci;>;:a, a town of
Peru, in the .»; ncc of Lima, lituati*
in a valley of ime, formerly beauti-
fied with a n. ificent temple, bu'It by
the incas, in v\ ch.tbe Spaniards, when
they coiiqu I Peru, found immcnfe
riches. It i , miles ssk of Lima.
PachctL', .. .uit of Hindooftan, in Ben-
gal. It ^-^ v.;s name to a circar, and
flands nc the Dummooda, 10 milei
NK of Re ,oiuitpour.
PachiiCf a town of Mexico Piopcr,
famous for the rich fiivcr mines in its
vicinity. It i- 55 miles n by E of Mex-
ico. Lon. lou 14 w, lat. 20 42 N.
Pacific Ocean, otherwife called the
South Ssa, lying between Afia and Ame-
rica, and upward of 10,000 miles in
breadth. W « ". M.-igeilan entered thia
ocean througii che dangerous (trait that
bears his name, he failed three months
and CO days in a uniform diredtion to
the NW, without difcovering land. In
the diftrefs he fufieied in this voyage,
before he difcovcrcd the LaJroae if-
PAD
lands, he had theconfolation oFenjoying
fuch uninterrupted fair weather, with
fair winds, that he gave thin ocean the
name of Pacific. The Spaniards, on
paffing the idhmiis of Darien from n to
s, at the firft difcovery of this (icean,
named it the South Sea ; but with re-
fpeft to America, it is more properly
the weftcrn ocean. On one fide of t'ne
equator, it ii called the North Pacific
Ocean ; and on the other, the South
Pacific Ocean.
Pacy, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Eure, on the river Eure,
eight miles s by e of Vernon.
Padangi a feaport on the w coaft of
Sumatra, in the poflcflion of the Dutch.
In 1797, it was almoft totally deftroyed
by an earthquake, and upward of 300
lives were loft. Lon. 99 46 e, lat. o
50 s.
Pad/iinj^ton, a village in Middlcfex,
one mile w by n of London. Though
fo near to the metropolis, it contains
many beautiful rural fpots, and hand-
fome feats. A canal pafTos hence to
the Grand Junflion canal near Brent-
ford.
Faderborn, a principality (lately a
bifhopric) of Germany, in the circle of
Weftphalia, 40 miles long and 25 broad,
lying N of the du • 7 of Wtftphalia ind
county of Waldcok. The prince's
caftle is at Nienhus. There are high
mountains, and iron mines in the middle
of the country ; but the other parts are
fertile in corn and paflurcs. It is moll
remarkable tor its bacon and vonifon.
Paderborn, a fortified town of Weft-
ph J'a, capital of the principality of the
fame name. The rivulet Pader rifes
imder the high altar of the cathedral ;
and in the collegiate church are tlu^ re-
mains of St. Blafe. The mod remarkable
of the convents is the college formerly
belonging to the jefuits ; and here is
alfo a celebrated wniverfity. It is 51
miles KSE of Munfter. Lon. 8 55 li,
lat. 51 41 N.
Padron, a town of Spain, in Galicia,
fcated on the Ulla, la miles s of Com-
pofte'la.
Padito<w% a town in Cornwall, with
a market on Saturday, a convenient har-
bour, andfomecoafting trade. Itis feat-
ed at the month of the Camel, on the
Briftol channel, 30 miles w of Launcef-
ton, and 243 w by s of I.trndon.
Padua, a fortified city of Italy, ca-
pital of the Padunno, and a hilhop's
fee- It is feven mih's in circumference,
but much lefs confidcrab!c than for-
merly ; for great psrt of the area within
the walls is unbuilt, and the to\Ta Iq
PAG
general fo thinly inhabited, that grafs
grows in many of the llreetn. The
houfes are built on piazza.*, which,
when the town was in a flonrifhing
ftate, may have had a magnificent ap.
pearance ; but they now rather give it
a more gloomy air. The cathedral is
one of the richeft in Italy ; and in the
facrifty is a flatue of the celebrattd
Petrarch, who was a canon of the
church, and left to it a p.art of his li-
brary The Francifcan church is de-
dicated to St. Antonio, the patron of
the city, whofe body is inclofed in a
farcophagus, under an altar in the mid-
dle of the chapel. Near this church ia
the fchool of St. Antonio, where many
of the aftions of the faint are painted in
fiefco; fomeofthem by Titian. The
church of St. Juftina is remarkable for
'.ts rich Mofaic pavement. The hall of
the townhoufe is one of the largeft in
Europe, and contains the cenotaph of
Livy, who was a native of Padua. The
univerfity, once fo celebrated, is now
on the decline. Here is a confiderablt
cloth manuf;i«5lure ; but the city fwarms
with beggars, who aflc charity in the
name of St. Antonio. Padua was taken
by the Ffench in 1796. Itisfeatedon
the Brenta and Bachiglione, in a fine
plain, ao miles w by s of Venice. Lon.
II
153 E, lat. 45 14 ^- .
Paduano, a province of Italy, in the
territory of Venice, 40 miles long and
35 broad ; bounded on the e by the
Dogado, s by the Polefina di Rovigo,
w by the Veronefe, and n by the Vi-
centino. It is well watered, and one of
the moft fertile countries in Italy. Pa-
dua is the capital.
Padula, a town of Naples, in Piin-
cipato Citeriore, 14 miles n of Polical-
tro.
Pagahmy a decayed city of the king-
dom of Birmah capital of a province
of the fame name. It is faid to have
been abandoned in tlie 13th century in
confequence of a divine admonition
The remains of its ancient fplcndour
are numerous mouldering tempkn, and
the velliges of .1 fort. It is fcattd on
the Irrawaddy, no miles sw of Urn-
mciapoora. Lon. 94 34 E, lat. 11 10 n.
. i-'rt,^/;««o, a town of Napier, in Abniz-
zo Ulteriore, 15 mile.? esr of Aquilla.
Pago, an -(land in the gulf of Venioi
feparated fr.>m Dalmatia, by a narrow
cliannel. It is so miles long and iix
broad, chieily barren, and thf foil ftuny ;
but itis well peopled,containsfahwoiks,
and pioduces wine and honey. The
chief town is of the fame name. Lon-
51 xo E, lat. 44 40 N.
PAL
Pahan^, a feaport on the e coaft of
the penirfula of Malaya, capital of a
kingdom of the fame name, famous for
a great number of elephants, and for
plenty of pepper. It is 140 miles ne of
Malacca. Lon. 103 30 e, bt. 3 55 w.
Painboeuf, a feaport of France, in
the department of Lower Loire, at the
mouth of the Loire. Hence all the
(liips belonging to Nantes take their
departure, and here they anchor on
their arrival. It is aa miles w by n of
Nantes. Lon. i 59 w, lat. 47 17 n.
Painsiwirk, a village in Gloucefter-
fliire, on the fide of a hill, fevcn miles
ssE of Gloucefter. It has a manufacture
of white cloths for the army, and for
the India and Turkey trade.
Paisbaivur, a city of Candahar, ca-
pital of a diftrift in the country of
Cabul. It is fituate o ' the Kameh, 1 35
miles SE of Cabul, anc. 170 wofMouJ-
tan. Lor. 70 36 e, lat 33 18 n.
Paislet/, a town of Scctland, the
largeft in Renfrewfhire. It has con-
fuierable manufadures of fill,- and linen
gauze, lawn, muflin, cambric, thread,
&c. alfo extenfive foap, candle, and
cotton works ; and is deemed the firft
manHfa<5turing town in Scotland. The
river White Cart divides it into the old
and new town, which com-nuiiicate by
three bridges. The latter ftancis on the
F. fide of the river, and confifts of many
handfome buildings; it alfo contains
the magnificent remains of an abbey
church, the only one which Paifley for-
merly required ; and clofe by this is a
fmall vaulted chapel, ufed as the fa-
mily burial-place of the marquis of
Abercorn, which is famous for a fur-
prifuig echo. Paifley has three parifh-
churchcs, and fcveral meeting-houfes
for difTonting congregations. By means
of tl»e river, and a canal, veflels of 40
tons can come up and unload at the
quay. In i8oi the number of inha-
bitants was 17,026 in the old town,
and 14,153 in the abbey parifli. It is
10 miles vv of Glafgow. I-'-n. 4 26 w,
lat.,s5 52 ^•
Paita,n fraport ef Peru, in the au-
dience of Quito, with an excellent
harbour It has frequently been plun-
dered by the buccaneers ; and, in t •'41,
it was plundered and burnt, by commo-
dore Anfon, becaufe the governor re-
fufed to ranfom it. The bay is defend-
ed by A fort. Lon. 80 94 w, lat.
5 ?2 S.
Palachy, a town of Hindooftan, in
the province of Coimbetore, with a
fniall fort. In its vicinity was lately
(lug up a pot conUinine Roman filver
PAL
coins of AuguItuB and Tiberius.' Ifc
(lands in a well-cultivated country, 14,
miles s of Coimbetore, and 37 w of
Daraporam.
Palaciost a town of Spain, in Andsr
lufia. 12 miles s of Seville.
Palacioj, a town of Spain, in the
province of Leon, 3 a miles wsw of
Leon.
Palais, a town of France, capital of
the ifland of Belleifle. It has a ftrong
citadel, which (tuod a long fiege againft
the Englilh, in 1761, and then furren-
dered on honorable terms. It (lands
on the NE fide, 30 miles sse of Orient.
Lon. 3 9 w, lat. 47 19 n.
Palais, St. a town and didriA of
France, in the department of Lower
Pyrenees, which, with the town and
diftrid of St. Jean Pied dc Port, forms
nearly the whole of the late province of
Lower Navarre. St. Palais is fcated bu
the river Bidoufe, 15 miles si> of Ba-
yonne. Lon. i 4W, lat. 43 ai n.
Palamboan, or Balambuan, a town
of Java; capital of a kingdom, at the B
end of the idand. Here is plenty of
poppT, cotton, rice, maize, fruit*
li lie:, antelopes, buffalos, and oxen.
It il.tr\ds on a bay in the ftrait of BalL
Lon. 1 14 u E, lat. 7 10 s.
Palamcotta. See Tinevelly.
Palamoj, a ftrong feaport of Spatilt
in Catalonia, feated on the Mediterra-
nean, 58 miles NE of Barcelona. Lon.
3 4 E, lat. 41 50 N.
Palamoav, a town of Hindooftan, in
the province of Bahar, 140 miles saw
of Patna. Lon. 84 25 v., lat. 23 5 a w.
Palanka, a town of European Tur-
key, in BelTarbia, feated on the Dniefter,
40 miles sE of Bender.
Palaos. See Peleiv Islands.
Palatinate of the Rhine, and Bavaria.
See Rhine, and Bavaria.
Palaivan. See Paragoa.
Palazttola, a town of Italy, in the
Brefciano, fcated on the Oglio, 20 mile*
wjTw of Brefcia.
Palencia, a town of Spain, in Leoa,*
and a biiliop's fee, with five churches,
eleven convents, and two hofpitals. It
ii feated on the Carrion, 23 miles nn«
of Valladolid,and 70 sf. of Leon. Lon.
4 28 w. Lit. 41 59 N.
Palem, a town of Naples, in Abruz-
/o Citeriore, nine miles ese of Sol-
mona.
Palenzuela, a town of Spain, in Old
Caftile, fcated on the Arlanza, a little
above the influx of the Arlanzon, 30
miles sw of Burgos.
Palermo, a fortified city of Sicily, in
Val di M«izar», capital of the ifland,
«y
PA L
*nd an nrchbifhop'sfoe. It fl.md? OTi a
b;iy of the fiimc name, on tlie n coaft,
near the extremity of a kind of natur.il
amphitheatre, formed by high and
rocky mountains. The country be-
tween the city and the mountains is
«ne of the riched plains in the world ;
the whole appearing a magnificent
g.trden, fillefl witii fruitful trees, and
vatcred by fountains and rivul<;tJi. I^ac
inhabitants of Palermo are cftimated at
330,000. Two great ftreets intcrl'ed
each other in the centre of the city,
where they form a handfonie Hjuare,
called the Ottangolo, from the centre
of which is feen the whole of tiiefo
•noble Iheets, and the four elegant gales
which terminate them, each at the
didancc of half a mile. The Porto
Felice opens to the Marino, a tlelightful
walk, which has on one fide the wall
of the city, and on the other the i\\\ ;
and in the centre is an elegant kind of
temple, frequently made ufe of as an
orcheftri. The churches of Palermo
are upward of 300, and many of them
very rich and magnificent. The ca-
thedral is a large Gothic ftrudure, fup-
ported within by 80 columns of orien-
tal granite, and divided into a great
number of chapels, fome of wliich are
I'Xtreinely rich, particularly that of St.
Rofolia, the patronefs of Palermo. The
relics of this faint are preferved in a
large box of filver, enriched with pre-
cious ftoncs ; and ihty are confidered
as the greateft treafures of the city.
Here are alfo found the tonn.bs of fevcral
of the ancient Norman k:ng<^, and of
the emperors Henry vi and Frederic
II, of the finel: piophyry. The city is
crowded with lUilues of fovoreipns and
tutelar faints placed in final! courts and
fquareK, upon pedrilais of eolofi'al
proportion and tallelefs foiiii. In ih*
rtiri'lii woUHii hide their heads in black
veils ; a very aneit.ut mode of drcfs in
this ifland. ' This city has futfered
gre:illy at different periods, by earth-
quakes or inmulations. The harbour,
defended by two eaflles, is dan^eroudy
open to the feafrom tl;e m: ; and, »'ven
at the anchoring place, Ihips are in
danger when a wtfte.ly wind rufhes
through the valley of Colli between the
mountains. About the middle of the
iith century, the Norman king Ro,<er
ellabiifliedfilkmnmifac^ure:! in thiscity,
by means of prifoners taken in his war
with the Greek'', and they flill flourini,
though not fo lucrative iinee the ma-
nufaiJture has extended to Italy. One
mile from Palermo is a celebrated con-
tent ' capuchir.s, in which is a vault
V A t
rr.ade ufe of as a receptacle for the dtad.
It confifts of four wide padages, each
about forty feet in length, with arches
along the fides, in which the bodies are
fet upright, clothed incoarfe garments,
with their heads, aims, and feet bare.
They are prepared for this fituation by
keepiiig them fix or fcven months upo»i
a gridiron, over a How fire, till all the
fat and moiiture are coiifumcd. In
fome of the higher niches they are laij
out at full length, and at the top are
children of fix or feven years of age..
On the floor are handfome trunks, cou-'
taining the bodies of perlbns of dif.
tinction, the keys of which are kept by
the relations. Palermo, in 1799, ''•^^
came the refidence of the court, when
the French made themfelves mailers of
Naples. It is no miles w of MtfTina,
and 180 s by w of Naples. Lon. ij
23 K, lat. 38 15 Nf.
Palestine, a country of Syria, fo called
from the Pliiliflines, who inhabited its
feacoaft. In the fcriptures it is flykd
the Land of Canaan, and the Promifed
Land : it is alfo called Judaea, from tlie
patriarch Judah : and the Holy Land,
from its having been the fcene of the
birth, miniftry. and death of Jtfus
Chrift. It is divided from the othtr
parts of Syria on the n, by Mount
Libamis, and on the p., by the river
Jordan and the Dead fea ; Arabia Pe-
trsca on the s, and the Mediterranean
on the w. It is, in general, a fertile
country, abounding, where cultivated,
with corn, wine, oil ; and it might fup-
ply the neighbouring country with all
thefe, as it anciently did, were the
prefent inhabitants equally induftriniis.
The parts about Jenifilem. its capital,
are the molt mountainous and rocky;
but they feed numerous herds uiul
flocks, and yield plenty of honey, with
txccllcnt wine and oil ; and the vaiicy»
produce large crop:, of coin.
Pa/c'stnna, one of the largell of the
iflands called the Lagunes, near \'e-
nii:c- It h.(H a town of the fame name,
fix miles s of Venice.
Paltstrina, anciently Pi'senefte, in
cpifcop.d town of Italy, in Campauiia
di Roma, with the tide of a principality.
Here formerly (loud a temple dedicated
to Fortune, the ruins of which may ytt
be feen. It is 25 miles e by s of Rome.
Lon. 13 5 t, lat. 41 52 N,
Palianoi a tou n of Italy, in Cam-
pagna di Roma, fituate on a hill, ::
miles R of Rome
Pali^raut or Pitlicaud, a fort of
Ilindoollan, in Malabar, built by Hy-
der, o« his conqueft of that province-
.^4
P A L
Around it tirr fcattcred many villagei,
which contain a confiderable popula-
tion and ^ave fome trade. It ftands be-
tween two rivulelii, near their jun(5tion,
at the foot of the fouthern extremity of
the Gauts, aj miles wsw of Coimbe-
torc, and 56 E by n of Paniany.
Pai/gtnda, a town of Hindooftan, in
the Cariiatic, with the remains of a fort.
In which is a confiderable ti mple. It is
featcd on thcPaliar, 25 milesw of Arcot-
Valimbant the capital «f a kingdom
of tl>K fame name, on the sk coaft of
tlie illaiid of Sumatra. The Dutch
have a fort here, and purchafe large
ciuaiitities of pepper. It ftands on the
river Palimban, about 50 tniles from the
fea, and 130 ne of iiencoolen. Lon.
loj 45 E,lat. s 56 s.
Valk Strait, a ftrait at the n end of
the idand of Ceylon, in the bay of
Bengal, which fcparates that ifland
from the coaft of Tanjore in Hindoo-
ftan. It is celebrated for the extenfive
pearl fifhery which is carried on in it, on
both fliores, lately by the Dutch, and
now by the Engl ilh.
PaUiser Islands, a group of iflaiids
ill the Pacific ocean ; the largeft about
15 miles long and 10 broad. Lon. 146
30 w, lat. 15 38 s.
Palma, one of the Canary iflands, to
the N of Fcrro, 50 miles in ci'.cumfc-
rcncc, and very fertile- It has a town
of tiie fcme name, much frequented for
its excellent wines, and fafe harbour.
Lon. 17 50 w, lat. :8 .^7 n.
Palma, a town of Spain, in Anda-
lufi4, on the Xenil, near its conflux
with the Guadalquivcr, 30 miles sw of
Cordova.
Palma, a town of Portugal, in Eftre-
madura, on the river Cadoan, so miles
E of Setuval.
Palma, a town of New Gnnada, 40
miles NW of St. Fe de Bogota.
Pah)ia, or Palma I^iwva, a ftrong
froHtier town of Italy, in Friuli, featcd
on a cvnal, vhich communicates with
the Vi*onxo, 10 miles se of Udina, and
55 NE of Vcnictt. Lon. 13 ij e, lat.
46 : N.
Palma di Solo, a feaport of Sardinia,
on the sw coaft, 38 miles sw of Ca-
gliari. Lon. 8 56 e, lat. 39 5 n.
Palmas, a river cf Mexico, formed
by the junition of the Nalfas and Sau-
ced«, in New Bifcay, and thence flows
E about :oo miles, between the pro-
vinces of P.ituico and New Leon, into
the gulf of Mexico.
Palmas, the capital of the ifland of
Canavia. Soe Canary-
Palmas, oncof the PlUIippine iflands,
PAL
16 leagues s« of Mindanao. Lon. iif
o B, lat. 5 J3 M.
Palmas, r<i/^, a promontory on tluk
Ivory coaft of Guinea. Lon. 5 34 w,
lat. 4 i6 K.
Palmela, a town of Portugal, in Ef.
tremadura, with a caftle on a rock*
eight miles n nk of Setuval.
Palmerston Isle, an iOand in th«
Pacific ocean, difcovered by C'ook, ta
1774. It coniifts of about ten iflets,
conneded by a reef of coral rocks, and
lying in a circular diredtion ; the prin-
cipal one not exceeding a mile in cir-
cumference, nor more than three feet
above the level of the fea- It abounds
with cocoa-nuts, fcurvygrafs, and the
whaiTa-tree, but has no inhabitants.
Lon. i6a sj w, lat. iK o s.
Palmyra, or Tadmor, once a mag-
nificent city of Syria, originally built
by king Solomon, in the midft of a
fandy dcfert, bounded on three fides by
a chain of high mountains. On the
decline of the Macedonian empire in
the eaft, it became the capital of a
principality, under the name of Palmy-
ra ; and it declared for the Romans, on
Adrian marching his army through
Syria to Egypt. The city flouriflied
and increafed to the time of Anrelian»
when it refifted tlie Roman power
under queen Zenobia, who held it out
a long time, but was at length taken
captive, and led in triumph through the
ftreets of Rome. Soon afterward the
inhabitants mafllicred the foldiers who
had been left in garrifon; which outrage
occafioned the return of Aurcliust who,
having made himfelf matter of the
place, caufcd all the inkabitants to be
deftroyed, and gave the pillage of the
city to the fokiierg. The ftupendous
ruins of this city were vifited, in 17511
by Mr. Wood, who publiflied a fplen-
did account of them in 1753. The in-
habitants then conlifted of about forty
families, living in mud cottages, ereded
within the fpacious court of a once
magnificent temple. Palmyra is 100
miles SF, of Aleppo. Lon. 38 50 fc, lat.
33 20 N.
Pahaud, a diftrivJl of Hindooftcn,
belonging to the Cainatic, fituatc be-
tween the river Kiftna, and to the w
of the Gui\toor circar. Timerycotta
is the principal place.
Palos, a ft apuit of Spain, in Anda«
liilLt, w ith a tolerable harbour ; cele-
brated for being the place whence
Columbus failed on hislfii-ft adventur-
ous voyage in 14,9a. It is feated at
the mouth of the Tinto, jo miles w by
•5 of Seville, Lon. 6 52 w, lat. 37 is w,
LI
PAN
Pahst Capet a promontory of Spa!n»
in Murcia, 19 miles e of Carthagcna.
Lon. o4ow,lat. 37 .s7 M.
, Palotot a fortified town of Hungary,
in the county of Aibi Regalis, taken
from the Turks, in 16H7. It is 40 miles
sw of Buda. Lon. iti o e, lat. 47 o n.
Palotza, a town of Hungary, fitnat«
on the Poprat, 54 miles n of Caflbvia*
Lon. 3! ao E, lat. 47 42 n.
Palte, a famous lake of Tibet, lying
to the sw of Lafla, about la miles s
of the river Sanpoo. It is reprefcnted
as a wide trench, of about fix miles
broad, furrounding an illand 30 miles
long and so broad. On the w fliore of
this idand is a tnonaftcry, and the ft'at
of the LamiflTa Turcepamo, or the
Great Regenerate, in whom the Tibe-
tians think that a divine fpirit is regene-
rated, as it is in the Great Lama. The
word /ama fignifics a prieft, and iamissa
is the feminine.
»Palt%, a town of New York, in
Ulfter county, on the w fide of the
Hudfon, ao miles n by w of Newburg.
Pamiers, a town of France, in the
department of Arriege, and lately a
billiop's fee. In the vicinity is a mi-
neral fpring. It is feated on the Ar-
riege* 36 miles s by e of Touloufe.
Lon. I 35 E, Ut. 4J 6 N.
Pamlico Sound, a kind of inland fea,
on the coaft of n Carolina. It is 100
miles long and from 10 tv ao broadf
feparatcd, in its whole length, from the
Atlantic, by a beach of fand, hardly
a mile wide. It has fcveral inlets ; but
that of Ocrecock is the only one that
will admit vefTels of burden, and it lies
in lat. 35 ION.
Pampelonne, a town of France, in the
department of Tarn, 15 miles n by e
©f Alby.
PampUegay a town of Spain, in Old
Caftile, I a miles sw of Burgos.
Pamplona, or Pawpeliina, a city of
Spain, capital of Upper Navarre, and a
bifliops fee, with a ftrong citadel, and
a univerfity. The fquares are handfome,
and adorned with fhops full of rich mer-
chandifc. It is feated on the Arga, 47
miles s of Bayonne, and 197 ne of Ma-
drid. Lon. I 4i w, lat. 4» 47 n.
Pamplona, a town of New Granada,
. famous for its mines of gold, and nu-
merous flocks of Iheep. It is 150 miles
. w by E of St. F<5 de Bogota. Lon. 7 1
30 w, lal. 6 30 N.
Panagia, a town of European Tur-
key, in Romania, 14 miles n of Galli-
poli.
Panama, a city and feaport of Terra
Firma Proper, of which it is the cipital.
PAN
It (lands on a bay of the fame name, on
the s coaft of the ilthmus of Darien,
and is the feat of a royal audience, and
of a bilhop, who is primate of Terra
Firma. Before the abolition of the
trade l>y the galleons, it was the em-
porium for all the merchandife of Chili
and Peru, intended for Europe. Sec
Porto Bella- The trade and commerce
is ilill confidcrable, and in the harbour
is a fine pearl filhery. The city is fur-
rounded by a wall and other fortifica-
tions, and is 60 miles s by w of Porto
Beilo. Lon. 80 ai vi, lat. 8 49 n.
Panorama, a town of the idand of
Java, capital of a kingdom, 60 miles e
by N of Alatanim.
Panaria, one of the Lipari iflands,
between Lipari and Stromboli. It is
barren, and only five miles in circum.
ferencc.
Panarucan, a town on the v coafl of
Java, capital of a kinedom in the 1
part of the ifland. ftfany Portuguefe
are mixed with the inhabitants, and the
principal commerce is in flaves and long
pepper. Lon. 1 13 55 It, lat. 8 o 3.
Panay, one of the Philippine iflands,
between thofe of Paragoa and Negros.
It is of a triangular form, tjo miles in
circumference, populous and fertile,
and watered by a great number of ri-
vers and brooks. The chief commodity
for -xportation is rice. Iloila is the
capital.
Pancrast a village in Middlefex, two
miles Nw of London. It has a chtlrch
dedicated to St. Pancras ; and the
churchyard is the principal place of in-
terment for the Roman catholics. Here
is a medicinal fpring ; alfo the Veteri-
nary College, eftablifhed in 1791, for the
improvement of farriery.
Paucjova, a town and fortrefs of
Hungary, in the bannat of Temefwar,
feated near the Danube, 10 miles tNt
of Belgrade, and 56 ssw of Temefwar.
Pangatena, one of the JMolucca
iflands, in the £ Indies, 45 miles long
and 10 broad, lying between Celcbu
and Bouton.
Pango, a town of the kingdom of
Congo, capital of a province of the
fame name. It Itands on the riv«r Bar-
bela, 95 miles nne of St. Salvador. Lon.
14 45 E, lat. 4 ao s.
Panjab, a country in the nw part of
Hinduoftan Proper, being that watered
by the five eaftern branches of the Indiu.
It was the fcene of Alexander's laft
campaign, and the termination of liii
conquefts. It forms a fquare of a.^o
miles, and includes th.e whole of La-
hore, and a great part of MouUoh
P AO
Proper. To the lower part of Moulton
it it) flat and tnarfhy, iniindatuil by the
rains which fall between May and
Odober.
Paniant/, a town of HindooHan, in
.Malabar. It contains above 40 mofqucs,
500 houfcs belonging to traders, and
1000 huts inhabited by the lower or-
ders of people. The port is frequented
by fmall veflels from different places on
the coaft ; and much rice is exported
hence to the northern parts of the pru-
viocc- It is feated in a fandy plain,
near the mouth of a river, 3 j miles i by
K of Calicut. Lon. 75 58 e, lat. 10
4; s.
Pm>ia>:ac/i, a village of Scotland, in
Aberdccnfhire, fltuatc a iitllc below the
waterfall, called the Lin of Dee. It is
noted for its mineral waters ; and has
houfcs and baths for the accommodation
of company.
Pariniputi a town of Hindooftan, in
the country of Delhi. It is celebrated
for a battle, in 17 61, between an army
of 200,000 Mahrattas, and Abdallah,
fultan of Candahar, at the head of
150,000 Mahometuns, in which the
former were totally defeated. Panni-
put is fituatc in an extcniive plain, tz
miles N'w of Delhi. Lon. 76 55 e, lat.
19 15 N.
P/iuomi, a town of European Turkey,
in Macedonia, )6 miles s of Salonichi.
Panorino, a town of European Tur-
key, in Albania, fituate on a gulf of the
•Adriatic, oppofite the ifland of' Corfu,
45 miles SSE of Valona. Lon. ao a e,
lat. 40 K.
Paritalaria, an illand in the Medi-
terranean, between Sicily and the coaft
of Tunis, 17 miles in circumference
It abounds in cotton, fruits, and wine,
and is fubjcft to the king of Naples.
Lon. 7.zf,i E, lat. 36 53 n.
Panti'ka, a town of Afiatic Turkey,
in Katolia, on the n e coaft of the fea of
Marmora, 1 1 miles se of Conftantino-
pie.
Panuco, or Guastecaj a province of
Mexico, in the audience of Mexico ;
bfiundcd on tlie e by the gulf of Mex-
ico, and w by Mechoacan and New
Bifcay. The tropic of Cancer divides
it into two parts: the s part abounds
with provifions, and has fome veins of
gold and mines of fait ; but the other is
poor and barren.
Panuco, a city of Mexico, capital of
a proviiiee of the fame name, and a
bifhop's fee. It is fituate near the river
Panuco, aio miles nne of Mexico.
Lon. 98 50 K, lat. 3i r,o n.
Pao-king, a city of China, of the firft
PAR
rank, in the province of Hou-cpiang,
8jo miles saw of Peking. Lon. me
E, lat. 27 5 N.
Vaa-ninx, a city of China, of the firft
rank, in the province of Se-tchuen, on
the river Kialing, 700 miles sw of
Peking. Lon. 105 35 e, lat. 3 1 .3 N.
Paonnh one of the New Hebrides, In
the Pacific ocean, to the s of Malli-
collo. Lon. 168 a9 w, lat. 16 30 s.
Pcio-ting, a city of China, of the firft
rank, the moft confidurable in the
province of Pe-tcheli next to Peking.
T;u! country around is pleafant, and
fertile as any part of China. It is 7*
miles ssw of Peking. Lon. 115 z^ e,
lat. 38 54 N.
Papa, a town of Hungary, in the
county of Vefprin, feated on a moun-
tain, near the river Marchaltz, 45 miles
w of Buda.
Ptifioul, Si. a town of France, in the
dcparttn(;nt ot Auile, feated on the
Lembe, 13 miles nw of Carcaflbiie, and
35 SK of Touloufe.
Pappenburg, a town of Weftphalia,
in E Fricfland, with two churches, and
numerous yards for (hip-building. It
is feated on a canal, which communi-
cates with the river Ems, c miles s of
Emdt;n.
Pappenheim, a town of Suabia, ca-
pital of a county of the fame name, 011
the frontiers of Francania. It is feated
ot) a hill near the Altmal, 1 1 miles wkw
of Aichftadt.
Papua. See Guinea, Neiw-
Para, a city and fort of Brafil, capi-
tal of a government of the fame name.
The chief bufinefs is cultivating tobacco
and fugar canes, and gathering cotton
which grows wild hero. It is feated
on the eftuaryofthe Tocantin, 80 miles
frotn the ocean. Lon. 49 25 w, lat. i jos.
Paracels, or Pracels, a vail multitude
of fmall iflands and rocks in the China
fea, lying off the coaft of Cochinchina.
They extend .^00 miles in length by 60
in breadth, and the intercurrents among
them render their navigation d.mgerous.
Parailella, a town of Portugal, iu
Beira, 1 2 miles .s K of Lamego.
Paragoa, or Palaiuan, tlie moft
wefterly of the Philippine illands, and
the largeft of the duller called Cah-
mianes. It is 180 miles long and from
20 to 40 broad, divided between the
king of Bonieg and the Spaniards, with
fome indepijndent natives in the inte-
rior parti, who are black, and have no
fixed place of abod(>. The Spaniards
have a garrifon at the n end of the if-
land, at a place called Taiay. Lon.
I I a 45 E, lat. II o N.
L 1 2 • V
*■-*& ''■•^''ff^
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S^
'PAR
pAtMwkift • Iwge country of S
^mericai boun.!!^ on the n hj Amazo-
Hib, B by Brafil> s by Patagonia, aod w
by Chili and Peru. It containa fix
frovinces ; namely« Paraguay Proper,
arana, Guaria, Uraguay, Tucuman,
and La Plata. It hat numerous lakes
Und rivers : of the latter, the three prin-
cipal are the Parana, Paraguay, and
Uraguay; the united ftreams of which
form the celebrated Rio de la Plata.
Thefe rivers annually overflow their
banks ; and on their recefs, leave thepi
enriched by a flTme» that renders the
foil extremely fertile. This vaft country
18 far from being wholly fubdued or
planted by the Hpaniards ; manyr parts
bein^ ftill unknown. The principal
provmce of which we have any know-
ledge is La Plata, from which the whole
country is aHb called La Plata, i his
. province with all the adjacent parts, is
one coi>..Inued plain for Several hundred
miles ; extremely fertile, and producing
cotton in great abundance, tobacco,
and the valuable herb called Paraguay,
which is peculiar to this country, and
the infufion of whi'^h is drank, in all the
Spanilh provinces of S America, inftead
of tea. Here are alfo a variety of fruits
anv' ery riph paftures ; but the country
is dcftitute ot woods. Cattle, fheep,
borfcs, and mules are in great abund-
ance ; of the latter many thoufands are
annually fent to Peru. In the monn-
tains toward Tucuman, the condor, the
largeft bird of the vulture tribe, is not
unfrequent ; and the oUrich is found in
the wide plains. Several independent
tribes of indigenes live in the interior,
on the Rio Grande ; one of them, called
Abipons, are a warlike race, and by a
novelty in American manners, chiefly
cavalry, fecuring and taming the wild
borfes introduced by the Spaniards.
In 1515, theSpaniarcsdifcovcred this
country by failing up Rio de la Plata,
JUad, in i|35> founded the town of
Buenos Ayres. In 1580, the jefuits
were admitted into thefe fertile regions,
and in the next century, founded, the
famous miflSons of Paraguay \ which
were a nu.ntbcr of colonies, each go-
verned by two jefuits, one of whom was
reAor, the otha* his curate; and in
procefs of time, merely by the moft
Xvonderful addrefs, they acquired an
abfolute dominioOf both fpiritual and
temporal, over the natives. In 1757,
Spam exchanged the colonies on the e
ihoie of the Uraguay, for the Portuguefe
colony of St. Sacrament, which caufed
that river to become the boundary of
tli« rcfpeftive poflcfliuns of the two
t» A R
crowns. lo 1767, the court espdled
the jefuits, and the sativ^ were put
upon the fame footing wuh the other
Indians of the Hpanifii part of S Ame-
rica. Buenos Ay re« is the capital.
Pcraibch a province of BraTil, between
thofe of Rio Grande and Tamarica. It
abounds in fugar-canes^ brafiUwood,
tobacco, and cotton. The chief town
is of the fame name, and feated on the
river Paraiba. The Dutch got pof-
feflion of it, in 1635, *"^ fortified it
with a flight rampart; but the Portu-
guefe retook it loon after. Lon. 49 52
w, lat. 6 50 s.
Paramaribo!, the capital of Surinam,
in Guiana, and the chief f^ace of the
Dutch colonies in S America. It has a
fmall but ftrong citadel; and a noble
road for ihipping, , where there are
feldom lefs than 80 veflels loading
coffee, fugar, cotton, and indigo. The
ftreets are ftraight, and lined with
orange, fliaddock, tamarind, and lemon
trees, in continual bloom. It furrcnder-
edtothe Englifli in 1799, and in 1803.
It is fituate on the e lide of the river
Surinam, 16 miles from its mouth.
Lon. 55 25w,lat.5 48 w.
Parana, a province of Paraguay, fo
named from a large river, which receives
the Paraguay at Cotrientes, and after-
ward joining the Uraguay, forms the
river Plata.
Pare^m, a town of Lower Saxony,
in the duchy of Mecklenburg, feated on
the Elda, 20 miles se of Schwerin.
Parc/i<iuitz, a town and caftle of
Silcfia, in the principality of Lignitz,
with a confiderablu manufacture of
cloth; feated on the Katzbach, 10
miles un of Lignitz.
Parduhitx, a town of Bohemia, in
the circle of Chrudin, with a fortified
caftle. It has a manufadure of knives
and I'word blades, and ftands on the
Elbe, 43 mile* e by s of Prague. Lon.
15 41 E, lat. 49 58 N.
Parechia. See Parti.
Parenza, a feaport of Iftria, on a
Eeninfula in the gulf of Veince, with a
arbour for lai-ge veflels. It is a8 miles
s by w of Capo d'Iftria. Lon- 13 50 k,
lat. 45 1 811.
Paria, or New Andalusia, a province
of Terra Firrtia, in the government of
Caraccas, lying to the se of Cumana,
on the banks of the Oronoko, anu in-
cluding the delta of that river. On the
N of this province, between Cumana
and the ifland of Trinidad, is a large
bay called the Gulf of Paria.
Paria, a town of Peru, capital of a
diflri^ in the audience of Charcas.
He
ch<
the
is
Ta
.■*•^
rt CKpdled
■ were put
h the other
of S Atne-
capitaL
lup between
imarica. It
braliUwood*
chief town
;ated on the
b got pof-
. fortified it
t the Portu>
Lon. 49 51
of Surinam,
place of the
:a. It hat a
and a coble
e there are
fels loading
ndigo. The
1 lined with
1, and lemon
It furrender-
andin 1803.
of the river
I itt mouth.
Paragu.iy, fo
'hich receive*
s, and after*
f, forms the
>wer Saxony,
irg, feated on
:hwerin.
nd caftle of
r of Lignitz,
lufadlure of
itzbach, 10
Bohemia, in
T a fortified
ire of knivei
lada on the
'rague< Lon.
Idria, on a
Knee, with a
It is aS miles
lon. 13 5<jK»
1, a protincc
^ernment of
3f Curaana,
Iko, anu in-
ler. On the
en Cumana
is a larsc
capital of a
»f Charcas.
PAR
Here sure ftune filver mines, and Us
cheefes are in high efteem ni^de fronn
the milk both of fheeo and cows. It
is i4aaDiUs wnw of Rata. Lon. 68
fz w, lat. 18 30 s.
Paridrotij[,a. ftroBgtown of Tibet, on
the borders of Bootan, near a river that
flows into the Teefta, 45 miles wnw of
Tai&fudon.
Parilla, or Santa f atown of Peru, in
the audiencte of Lima, at the mouth of
a river of the fame name, 80 miles se of
Truxillo, and s8o NW of Lima. Lon^
77 50 w, lat. 8 56 «.
Parima, a lake of S America, near
the borders of Amazonia and Guiana,
of a fquare form, 8d miles long and 40
broad. It feems to be a kind of an in-
undation formed by the Oronoko \ for
that river enters on the n and ifiues on
the w fide of the lake, near its nw
angle. From the SB of this lake iflues
the White river, called alfo the Parima,
which flows s to the BLack river, and
thence se to the river Amazon. To "
the w of this lukCy before the main
fiream of the Oronoko turns to the n,
there are two other branches that flow
from it to the Black river. Hence there
arethree communications between thofe
PAR «
ktat of the execttlicm of LewU Xvu
of tus coqfoict Marie Antoinette, ikmi,
of his After the princefs EUfiihetli. Qe-
fidctbecfithednl ofKotisl^me, on?
of the largeft^in Europe, Paris has many
fine chuKhef. The abbev of St. Ge-
nevieve was founded by king Clovis,
whole munucfient is ftul to ok feen ia
the church ; it. baa a WUtOj of a4tooo
printed books and aooo manuTcnDla,
alfo a valuable cabinet of antiauitiiea
and natural curiofities. The new cnurch
of St. Genevieve (now called the Pan*
theon) wias deftined by the national af>
fembly, in 1791, to receive the remains
of fuch great men as had merited well
of their country. The Baflile, built as a
fortrefs bj Charles v, lately ferred for
a ftate pnf«n ; but it was deflroyed by
the people, in the beginning of the re-
volution. The univerfity, founded by
Charles the fat, confifU or four faculties ;
namely, divinity, the civil and canon'
law, pnyfic, and the faiences : its head
is the re^or, who is always chofen
from the faculty of the fciences. The
fined college in Paris is that of the Four
Nations, called alio Mazarin, from
the cardinal, itsfounder. Among the pub-
lic libraries, that lately called the royal
two great rivers, the Oronoko and the ' holds the firft rank, in refpedt both to
Amazon.
Parity ucity and the capital of France,
the fee of an archbilhop, and the feat
of a univerfity. The river Seine, which
crofles it, forms two fmall iflands, called
Ifle du Palais and Ide Notre Dame ;
the firft is the ancient city of Paris, and
bad its name from a building which was
formerly the refidenceofthe kings, and
afterward refigned to the parliament.
Paris has 16 gates, and is 15 miles in
circumference, including the fiiburbs.
That part of it which is called the ville
is fituate to the north, the univerfity to
the fouth,andthe city in the centre. The
ftreets are narrow, and generally with-
out accommodation fur foot pafl*engers.
The houfes are built of freeftone, many
of them leven Hones high, and often
contain a diflerent family on every floor.
The_ number of iuhab'.tants, by a late
ofiicial (latement, is 546,856. There are
nine principal bridges in Paris, but only
three of them occupy the wholebreadth
of the Seine, which is not half fo large
as the Thames at London. There are
a great number of public fountains, and
fome triumphal arches. Of the fquares,
the fineft is the Place de Louis ^uiiize,
of an oAagon form, in which was an
equeftrian, ftatue, in bronze, of that
monarch. This fquare, now called the
Place dc la Revolation, wag the fatal
the extent of the buildings, and the
number of volumes. Tbe royal obfer-
vatory is built of freeftone, and neither
iron nor wood has been employed in
the eredion. The botanical garden is
worthy of its appellation of royal. The
four principal palaces are the Louvre,
the Tullerics, the Palai? Ro)ral, and the
Luxemburg. In the Louvre is depofited
the fineft colle<flion of paintings and
ftutues in the worid ; the principal of
them lately brought from various parti
of Italy. Th«J garden of the Tuileries,
in front of the palace nnd on the banks
of the Seine, is the fineft public walk in
Paris. The PalaisRoyal was long the pro-
perty of the dukes of Orieans ; and
the interior courts have been embeiliihe4
with many beautiful buildings, with
ihops, coileehoules, and a garden, which
render it like a perpetual fair. The
Lu.Kemburg is famous for its gallery, in
which are twenty exquifite paintings
by Rubens. The Hofpital-ceneral,
which alfo goes by the name of la Sal-
patreria (faltpetre being formerly made
here) is a moft noble foundation for the
female lex ; near 7000 of whom are
here provided for, and live under the
infpoAion of fixty fift«*r8. To this in-
comparable foundation belongs the
caftle of Biceftre, defended on all fides
by a wall, of cooQederable circuit
%
PAR
urbich contains witBin it many large
buildings and feveral open places ; and
here near 4000 perfons of the other fez
are maintained. The Hofpital de la
Pietie, wh?repoor children are brought
up, conftitutes alfo a part of the Hof-
pital-general Thefe three foundations*
with the Hotel Dieu, have one common
fund, amounting to full two millions of
livrea a year. The Hotel des Invalides,
for the wounded and fuperannuated
foldiery, built by Lewis xiv, is a mag-
nificent ftruAure ; as is the military
{6hob\ in the Champ de Mars, founded
by Lewis xv. The two principal
theatres are the Theatre de la Nation
and tlie Italian theatre ; which, in
point of elegance and convenience, arc
worthy of the capital of a great nation.
The ^lonnoie, or mint, is alfo a noble
building, fituate on that (ide of the
Seine, oppofite the Louvre. The Sa-
maritan is a beautiful edifice, at the
end of the bridge leading to the Louvre,
and contains an engine for conveying
the water of the Seme to all the parts
of t\e villa. The Hotel de Ville is an
ancient ftruAure ; this ^ibunal flands
in the Place de Greve, where all
public rejoicings are celebrated, and
common malefadlors executed. The
moft intcrefting of the manufactures of
Paris is plate-glafs, and tapeftries made
after the pidlures of the greateft maf-
ters. In the environs are excellent free-
ftone and abundance of gypfum. Paris
now forms, with a fmall diftridt round
it, one of the departments of France. It
is a 10 miles ssE of London, 625 w of
Vienna, and 630 nne of Madrid. Lon.
ft 20E, lat. 48 50N.
Paris, a town of Kentucky, chief of
Bourbon count/, fituate in a fine plain,
watered by a fmall river, 30 miles e of
Frankfort.
Pflri^«/r, a village in Chefhire, fituate
on the eftuary of the Dee, i a miles nw
of Cbefter. Hence packet-boats fre-
quently fkil to Ireland.
Parma, or Parmesan, a duchy of
Italy, under which name are included
the duchies of Parma Proper, Piacenza,
and Guaftalla. It is bounded on the w
and N by the Milanefe, e by the Mode-
nefe, and s byTufcany and Genoa.
The foil is fertile in corn, wine, oil,
hemp, and pafturage; and there are
fome inconfidcrable mines of copper
and filver. The celebrated Parmefan
cheefe is no longer made in this country,
but at Lodi in the Milanefe, a;id fome
other places. This duchy, in r 808, was
annexed to France, under the name of
the department of Tare-
PAR
Parma, a fortified city of Italy, ca-
pital of a duchy of the fame name, and
a bilhop's fee, with a citadel, and a
univerfity. It has a magnificent ca-
thedral, many beautiful churches, and
handfome ftreets. The cupola of the
cathedral, and the church of St. John,
are painted by the famous Correggio,
who was a native of this plaCe;. and in
the church of la Madonna della Stoc-
cata are the tombs of .the Famefe fa-
mily. The other moft remarkable places
are the ducal palace, with its gallery
and colle^ion of artificial curiofities;
the celebrated opera- houfe, capable of
containing 14,000 fpeflators ; the large
Benedidine convent, in which 12,000
foldiers were quartered in 1734; the
Palazzo Giardino, a ducal palace con-
nected with the town ; and the prome-
nade, between the town and citadel.
The inhabitants, about 38,000, trade in
filk and filk ftockings. In 1734, a battle
was fought here between the Auftrians
and the French and Sardinians, in which
the former were defeated. Parma is
fituate on a river of the fame name,
which divides it into two parts, united
by three bridges, 40 miles nw of Mo-
dena, and 60 se of Milan. Lon. 10 30
£, lat. 44 50 N.
Parnassus, or Parnasso, a moiintaio
of Eyiropean Turkey, in Lrvadia. It
has two heads, one of which was fa-
mous for being confecrated to Apollo
and the Mufes, and the other to Bac-
chus. It is the higheft in Greece, and
has a fine fountain, fuppofed to be the
ancient Caftalia. It is eight miles n of
Livadia.
Paro, or Perrogong, a town of Bootan,
with a caftle, the refidence of a go-
vernor. It is famous for the manufadurc
of idols, and the forging of fwordb,
daggers, and arrows. It ftands on the
Patchieu, in a fertile valley, 20 miles s
by E of TaflTifudon.
Paros, an illand of the Archipelago,
one of the Cyclades, to the w of Naxia.
It is 10 miles long and eight broad, and
the foil is well cultivated. The trade
confifts in wheat, barley, wine, and
pulfe, and in calicos. It once produced
a great deal of oil, but the Venetian
army burnt all the olive-trees. This
ifland was anciently dedicated to Bac-
chus, on account or its excellent wines ;
and has been fo famous for its marble,
that the beft carvers would make ufe of
no other. Thofe excellent ftatuarics,
Phidias and Praxiteles, were natives of
this ifland ; and the famous Arundclian
marbles, at Oxford* were brought from
this place.
.v.ja J^._
9f Ita1y» ca-
e'name, and
add, and a
Snificent ca-
urches, and
ipola of the
of St. John,
Correggio,
late; and in
della Stoc-
Farnefe fa-
•kable place*
I its galtery
curiofities ;
, capable of
b; the large
hich 12,000
' 1734; the
palace con-
the prome-
and citadel.
00, trade in
r34» a battle
ie Auftrians
tiSf in which
Parma is.
fame name,
irts, united
Nw of Mo-
Lon. lo 30
a moiintaio
i.fvadia. It
ch was fa-
te Apollo
lerto Bac-
Jreecc, and
d to be the
miles N of
ofBootan,
of a go-
anufaiturc
of fwordb,
nds on the
20 miles s
rchipelago,
orNaxia.
broad, and
The trade
wine, and
: produced
I Venetian
ees. This
id to Bac-
ent wines ;
ts marble,
ake ufe of
ftatuarics.
natives of
irundclian
ught from
PAR
Parol, or PareeNa, the capita] of the
ifle of Pares and a biOiop's fee. It was
anciently the largeft and moft powerful
town of the Cyclades; but is greatly
decayed. The walls of the caflJe arc
built of ancient pieces of marble, and
moft of the columns are placed long-
wife ; fome of them that ftand upright,
fupport cornices of amazing fize. The
natives build their houfes of marble,
which they find ready cut to their
hands ; but they take no care to place
the pieces in a regular manner ; their
fields likewife are inclofed with friezes,
altars, and baflb- relievos. The inha-
bitants are fo ignorant now, that inftead
of great fculptors and Ikilful architects,
they have nothing but carvers of mor-
tars and falt-cellars. Paros is fituate on
the w coaft of the ifland. Lon. 35 44
E, lat. 37 8 K.
Parret, a river which rifes in the s
part of Somerfetfhire, receives the Ivel
and Thone, and enters the Briftol chan-
nel, at Bridgewater bay.
Parramatta, a town or fettlement of
Englifli convifls in New S Wales. In
1800, there were 2146 acres of land in
cultivation, or leafed for that purpofe ;
and the foil in moft places is remark-
■ibly good. Here is a church, court-
houfe, and gaol. It is feated at the
head of the harbour of Port Jackfon, 15
miles w by n of Sydney.
Partenkirch, a town of Bavaria, in
the county of Werdenfels, %o miles s
by E of Weilheim.
Partheua^, a town of France, in the
department of Two Sevres. It has a
confiderable trade in cattle and corn,
and is feated on the Thoue, 21 miles s
of Thours, and 28 nne of Niort.
Partoncraigy a ferry-town of Scot-
land, in Fifeihire, near the mouth of the
frith of Tay, nine miles nnw of St.
Andrew.
Paru, a town and fort of Rrafil, in
the jurifdi^ion of Para ; fituate on the
N fide of the head of the eftuary of the
Amazon, 200 miles from the ocean.
Lon. 54 20 w, lat. i 50 s.
Parupanada, a town of Hindooftan,
in Malabar, containing about 700
houfes built of ftone, feated near the
mouth of a river, 12 miles s of Calicut.
Parys, a mountain of Wales, on the
N w coaft of the ille of Anglefey, famous
for a coppet mine, which is wrought
fimilar to a ftone quarry, open to day.
This mine was not opened till 1768,
and the quantity of ore is prodigious.
The pureft part is exported raw to the
fmelting works at Swanfea and other
phicci t tbe moft impurt ii deprived of
PAS
it! fulphur nu the fpot ; which fulphur
is fublimed, and afterward formed into
rolls of brimftone. Quantities of nearly
pure copper are obtstined from tbe
waters lodged beneath tlie bed of ore,
by the intervention of iron. A lead ore,
rich in filver, is alfo found in this moun-
tain. The fmelting and boiling houfes
are in the valley below, near the fea,
and at Amlwich is a commodious haven
for veflels employed in the copper and
brimftone trade.
Pas, a town of France, io thedepart-
ment of Pas de Calais, 12 itiiles sw of
Arras.
Pasde CalaiSii department ofFrance»
containing the late provinces of Artois
and Boulonnois. An-as is the capital.
Pasetualt, a town of Hither Pome-
rania, near which are fome iron works.
It ftands on the Ucker, a8 miles w of
Stettin.
PajifuOf s. town of Mexico, in the
province of Xalifco, fituate at the
mouth of a river, 100 miles ssw of
Compoftella.
Pajguaro, a town of Mexico, in the
province of Mechoacan, on the s fide of
a large lake, abounding in fifh, 24 miles
sw of Mechoacan.
Passage, a feaport of Spain, in Bif-
cay, between thofe of Foijtarabia and
St. Sebaftian, three miles e of the latter.
Passamaquody, a town of the diftridt
of Maine, in Walhington county, on a
bay of the fame name, ao miles nke
of Machias.
Passao, Cafe, a cape of Peru, in the
audience of Quito. Lon. 80 50 w,
lat. o 30 s.
Passaro, Cape, anciently called Pa-
chinum, the moft foutherly point of Si-
cily. It has a fort, to prote«*l the
country from the incuffions of the Bar-
bary corfairs. Off this cape, fir George
Byng, in 1735, defeated a Spaniih fqua-
dron. Lon. 15 22 E. lat. 36 35 n.
Passaroiwitz, a town of European
Turkey, in Servia, where a peace was
concluded in 17 18, between Charles vi
and Achmet iii. It is fituate near the
river Morava, 33 miles ese of BeU
grade.
Passaruan, a town of the ifland of
Java, with a trade in cotton and rice,
30 miles w of Panarucan.
Passau, a fortified city of Bavaria,
capital of a principality (late bifliopric)
of the fame name. It ftands on the
Danube, where it receives the Inn and
Ilz, and by thefe rivers is divided into
four parts ; namely, the town of Paflau,
Inftadt, Ilftadt, and the fortified caftic
of Oberhaus, on the mountaiu St.
*
PAT
GrorfC' Pallau is on tli« s flde of the
D ntibe, ¶trd by the Inn on the b
from Inftadt ; and the other two are on
the N fide of the Danube, parted by the
Hz, and the fortrefs is united to Pailau
by a bridge. This city is celebrated for
the treaty, or religious peace, conclude
fed here in 1553. In i66a, the cathedral
and greateft part of the town we s con-
famod by fire, but they have been hand-
fomdy rebuilt. It is $j miles bse of
Ratilbon, and 135 w by n of Vien^ia.
Lon. 13 32 F.f lat. 48 34 N
Ptuienhtimt a town of PrufCn, in the
province of Oberland« 40 miles s of
Heilftiei;g.
Passixunnof a town of Italy, in Peru-
glno, feated on the n coaft of the lake
Perugia, 17 miles nw of Perugia.
Pejsyt a village of France, in the de-
eirtment of Paris, near the town of St.
enys. Here is a confidcrable manu-
fadhire for fpeedily bltnching cotton
and linen cloth.
Paste, or St. Juan de Pasto, a town
of New Granada, in Popayan, feated in
a valley, 120 miles n by e of Q^^ito.
Lon. 76 55 w, lat. i 50 K.
Pastrana, a town of Spain, in New
Caftile, 3 2 miles e of Madrid.
Patagonia, a conntry in the moft
fouthern pact of S America, bounded
on the N by Paraguay and Chili, and
extending iioo miles on the eaflern
f:oaft, from Rio de la Plata to the ftraits
of Magellan. The natives of Patagonia
are tall, ftout, and well made, fome of
them fix feet five and f«'ven inches in
height; but their hands and feet arc
remarkably fmall. Theii colour is a
kind of bronze. They arc all painted,
and clothed nearly in the fame manner :
the circles round the two eyes are, fome
white and red, and fome red and black.
Their teeth are aswhite as ivoi j',remark-
fcbly even and well fet. They have no
other clothing than ikins, which they
wear with the hair inward ; and a piece
of leather covers the private parts. This
country has no timber in the s parts,
though the n contains an immenfo quan>
tity, and numerous flocke of cattle. The
E coaft is generally low. The principal
harbour is that of port St. Julian.
Patakf a town of Hungary, with a
proteftant college, fitust-- on the La-
.torcza, 25 miles sse of CafTovia.
Patana, a city anddiftri<5t of Myfore.
See Seringapatam.
Patani, a town on the nr coaft of the
peninfdla of Malaya, capital cf a king-
dom of the fame name, with a well.<le-
fended harbour. The inhabitants have
fome trade with the Chinefe. It is 300
PAT
miles N by w of Malacca. JLon. 100
50 K, kit. 7 5 M.
Pataft a (own of France* in the de.
partmeat of Loiret, where the Engliih
were defeated in 1429* by Joan of Arc.
II is 1 5 miles hw of Orleans.
Paieti. See Putt^.
Poternot a town of Sicily, id Val dt
Demona, built on the ruins of Hybla^
fo celebrated fcM* its honey. It u 15
miles w of Catania.
PatMjead, a village of Scotland, in
Fifefhiro, two miles w of Dyfart ; ling
famous for its manufacture of nails, and
now including difi'crent branches of
weaving woolk.i and linen.
Patmosy or Patina, an iiland of the
Archipelago, lying »6 miles s of the iQ(>
of S;>mos. It is 30 milts in circumfe-
rence, and one of the moft barren in the
Archipelago; but is famous for being
the place where St. John compofed the
book of Revelation. A ffw valleys only
arc capable of fome cultivatitHi; but
it abounds with partridges, rabbits,
quails, turtles, pigeons, anu fiiipes. In
the midft of tlie ifland vifL-s a mountain,
terminated by the cenvent of St. John;
the abbot of which is the prince of the
country, and pays a certain tribute to
the grand feignior. The hermitage of
the Apocalyple is fituate on the fide of
the mountain between the convent and
the port of Scala. It leads u. the church
of the Apocalypfe, which is built againft
a grotto in a rock, pointed out as the
afylum of St. John, during his cxile at
Patmos. The inhabitants arc cluefly
Greek Chriftians, failors or ihip-buildr
ers; and have fome trade in cotton, and
ftockings of their own manufadtnro.
The women are generally pretty, but
they disfigure thcmfelvcs by the exccf-
five ufe of paint. Lon. 26 24 £, lat. 37
24 N. .
Patfta, a city of Hindooftan, capital
of Bahur, feated on the right bank ot the
Ganges, oppofite the influx of the Gim-
duck, and fortified with a wall and cita-
del. In the citadel were confined the
prjfoners* taken in 1764, by Meer Cof-
fim, nubob of Bengal, by whofe order
they were maflacred. The buildings
are high, but the ftreets are narrow.
It is a place of confiderable trade, 400
mdes Nw of Calcutta, Lon. 85 o e,
lat. 25 is N'
Patras, a feaport of European Tur-
key, in the Morea, and a Greek archbi-
fliop's fee. The Jews, who are one
third of the iuhabit.tuts, have four fyna-
gogucs, and there are ifeveral handfome
mofques and Greek churches. The
piincipal articles of trade are filk, lea-
of II
i<011.
loo
?» in the <U-
the Engliih
foanof Arc.
y, in Val di
I of Hybla,
T- It IS 15
^cntlandi in
tyfart; Long
)f uaila, and
>ranches of
land of the
s of the ifl«?
1 circumfe-
iirren in the
s for being
mpofed the
iraileys only
'ation; but
iSf ^ rabbits,
fiilpes. In
L mountaini
if St. John;
ince «f the
I tribute to
:rnnitage of
the fide of
onvent and
the church
uilt againft
out as the
lis exile at
lie cliiefly
Ihip-build-
otton, and
iiufadnre,
retty, but
the cxcef-
E, lat. 37
n, capital
ink of the
the Gun-
and cita-
fined the
feer Cof-
[)fe order
buildings
narrow.
ade« 400
85 o E,
:an Tur-
i archbi-
are one
ur fyna-
lindfome
The
ilk, lea-
P A T
tber, honey, wax* manna, pumesra)>
nates, cttroas, and oraoges. It has been
taken and retakeu Xeveral times; but
the Turka arc now maftfrs of it. It is
feated on the 6de of a hill, near the en-
tbince of the gulf of Lepanto, 14 miles
«w uf Lepanto. Lon. ai 45 £, lat. 38
17 N.
Patria, a town <£ Naples, in Terra
di Lavoro, filiutte near a lake of the
fame name, 13 miks mw of Naples.
Patrica, a towu of Italy, in Campag-
na di Roma, 13 miles s of Rome.
Patrimony of St. Peter, a province
of Italy, in the Ecclefiaftical State, 43
miles long and 30 broad; bounded
on the N by Orvietto, E by Umbria and
Sabina, s by Campagni di Roma, and
sw by the lea. It ui lliid to be fo cull-
ed, bccaufe it was granted by emperor
Conllantine, tu fupport a church he had
built in honour of bt. Peter, and for the
ufe of the pope. The country is fertile
in corn and fruit, and produces much
alum. Vitcrbo is the capital.
Patrinjfto/i, a town in E Yorkfliire,
with a market on Saturdmy. Here the
Roman road from the Pidts wall ended.
It is feated near the mouth of the Hum-
ber, 18 miles kse of Hull, and 188 n of
London.
Patschiau, a town of Silefia, on the
river Neilfe, 13 miles w of Noilfe-
Patta, an ifland on the coaft of Zan-
guebur, 10 miles in circuit, at the mouth
of a river of the fame name. It is inha-
bited chiefly by Arabians, with whom
the Europeans and Indians trade for
ivory and flaves. Lon. 43 o £, lat. i
56 s.
Pattan, a town of the country of Na-
paul, containing feveral temples, and
about 24,000 boufes, 10 miles ese of
Catmandu.
Pattensen, a town of Lower Saxony,
in the principality of Calenberg, feven
miles s by E of Hanover.
Patt'h a feaport of Sicily, in Val di
Demona, and a bifhop's fee ; feated on
the gulf of Patti, 38 miles w of Mcflina.
Lon. 15 aa e, lat. 38 1 1 n.
Pattiartf, 3. town of Hindooftan, in
the country of Oude, 55 miles Nw of
Canogue, and 55 ene of Agra.
Pattun, a town of Hindooftan, capi-
tal of a circar of the fume name, in the
country of Guzerat. It is feated on the
Surfwutty, 48 miles n of Amedabad.
Lon. 7a 30 E, lat. 53 45 N.
Patuxent, a navigable river of Mary-
land, which flows into the w lide of
Chcfapcak bay, 30 miles s of Annapolis.
PatzonVi a town of Bohemia, in the
«ircle of liechin, with a Carmelite con-
P A U
vent and sood t.loth manufaAurcSt if
miles B of Tabor.'
Paut a town of France, capital of the
department of Lower Pyf<;nec8, with a
caltle where Henry vi was born. It
was the ancient rcudence of the kinga
of Navarre ; and before the revolution,
the capital of Beam. Here are manu«
faAures of cloth, linen, &c. and. in the
environs are vineyards. It is feated on
an eminence, by the river Pau, 97 milea
s of Bourdeaux. Lon. o 9 w, lat. 41
LJ N.
PfiX'ia, a city of Italy, in the duchf
of Milan, and a bifhop's fee, with a ce-
lebrated univerlity, and a citadel. Be-
flde the cathedral, there are 18 churches,
es, and numerous convents. The chief
articles of commerce are corn, hemp,
cheefe, and wine. It has been often
taken, the lafl time by the French in
1800. It is feated in a beautiful plain,
on the Tefino, ncir its conflux with
the Po, 1 7 miles s of Milan. Lon. 9
i5 E, lat. 45 13 N..
Pau/i St. an ifliuidin the Indian ocean.
See Amsterdam.
Paul, St. a town of Braiil, in the pro-
vince of St. Vincent, furrounded by in-
accefllble mountains and thick forefts.
It is a kind of iudependent republic,
compofed of the banditti of feveral na-
tions, who, however, pay tribute to the
Portujguefe. Lon. 45 5 a w, lat. 53 »5 s.
Paul, St. a town of France, in the
department of Pas de Calais, 18 miles
WN w of Arras.
Paul, St. a town of France, in the
department of Upper Vienue, 10 miles
SE of Limogep
Paul, St. a town of France, in the
department of Gar, on the river Egli,
10 miles NE of Uzes.
Paul, St. a town of France, in the
department of Var, fcven miles w of
Nice.
Paul de Fenoullleiles, St. a town of
France, in the depart|nent of Eaflern
Pyrenees, 18 miles w»w of Perpignan.
Paul de Leon, f^t. a town of France,
in the department of Finiflerre, feated
onabay of the Englifli channel, 30 miles
NE of Breft. Lon. 4 o w, lat. 48 41 n,
Paul de Omaguas, St. a town of
Ama/onia, on the s fide of the river
Amazon, and on the borders of Peru.
Lon. 69 20 w, lat. 410 s.
Paul Trots Ckateau.v, St. a town of
France, in the dopurtment of Drome,
on the tide of a hill, i6 miles s of Mon-
telimar.
Paula, a town of Naples, in Calairia
Cireriore, feated near the fea, u, miles
wxw of Cofeiiz.i.
PEA
Pauhgradt a town of Ruflia, in the
government of Catharinendaf, 38 miles
£ of CathariRennaf. Lon. 35 54 e> lat.
47 10 N.
PavoasaHt the capiul of the ifle of
St. Thomas, on the coaft of Guinea, and
the fee of a bifliop, with a fort, and r
good harbour. It belongs to Portugal,
and lies under tlie equator, in Ion. 8
Pausot a town of Upper Saxony, in
Voigiland, feveh miles nnw of Plauen.
PausilifpOi a mountain five mil«s w
of Naples, celebrated for a grotto,
which is a palTage cut through the
mountain near a mile in length, so feet
in breadth, and 30 in height. People
of falhion generally drive through this
paflage with torches; but the country
people find their way by the light which
enters at the extremities, and at two
holes pierced through the mountain,
near the middle of the grotto. On the
top of this mountain is the tomb of
Virgil ; and its n and e fides are cover-
ed with villas and gardens.
Pauzky a town of W Pruffa, in Po-
merelia, near the w coaft of the gulf of
Dantzic, 25 miles nw of Dantzic.
Paxth at' illand in the Mediterranean
fea, a little to the s of that of Corfu,
about 15 miles in circumference. It is
part of the republic of Seven Illand s,
and produces wine, oil, and almonds.
San Nicolo is the only town, and has a
good harbour. Lon. 20 o E, lut. 59
1% N.
Payerne, a iowB of Swiflerland, in
the canton of Beni, on the river Broye,
tz miles sw of Bern.
Patfttiogo, a town of Spain, in Anda-
hifia, near the river Chanza and fron-
tiers of Portugal, 43 miles n by e of
Ayamonte, and 73 nw of Seville.
Pays de Vaud, a new canton of Swif-
ferland, extending along the lake of Ge-
nev;t and rifing gradually from the edge
of that lake. U is richly laid out in
vineyards, corn-fields, and meadows,
' and chequered with many villages and
towns. Laufanne is the capital.
Pazy a city of Peru, capital of a pro-
vince of its name, in the a'ldience of
Charcos, and an archbifhop's fee. Be-
fide the cathedral, it contains four
churches, an hofpital, a college, and fe-
vcral convents. It is feated at the foot
of a mountain, in a valley abounding in
wine and fruits, 220 miles nw of Plata.
Lon. j68 50 w, lat. 17 o s.
Pazityt a town of European Turkey,
!h Romania, and a bifhop's fee, eight
miles sw of Gallipoli.
Peak^ a mountainous diftri^ in the
PEE
NW part of Dcrbyfhire, which aboundi
in lead, iron, millftones, marble, alabaf-
ter, coal, and a coarfe fort of cryftals.
It is much Tinted on account of its ex-
traordinary caverns, perforations, and
other curiofitios. The 'Wonders of
the Peak' have been celebrated both in
profe and verfe ; and they are noticed>
ni this work under the articles Buxton,
Caftleton, Chatfworth, and Tidefwell.
Pearl Ijlands, iflands lying in the bay
of Panama. The inhabitants of Pana-
ma have plantations on them.
Pechlarnt a town of Auftria, on the
right bank of the Danube. The river
is very wide; and here the Romans, who
called it Praclara, had a harbour for
their navy. It is 14 miles w of St.
Polten, and 48 e of Lintz.
Pecquencour, a town of France, in the
department of Nord, feated on the
Scarpe, five miles e of Douay.
Pedee, a river of the United States,
which rifes in N Carolina, and is there
called Yadkin river: on entering S Ca-
rolina, it takes the name of Pedee, and
flows into Wynyaw bay, at George-
town.
Pedena, a town of Italy, in Iftria, 25
miles SE of Capo d'Iftria.
Pederneiroy a town of Portugal, in
Eftremadura, on the feacoaft, 33 miles
sw of Leiria.
Pedirt a town of Sum.ntra, on the n
coaft, 40 miles ese of Acheen. Lon.
96 36 E, lat. 5 22 N.
Pedrazat a town of Spain, in Old
Caftile, with a caftle. It is the birth-
place of emperor Trajan, and ftands on
the Cega, near its fource, 25 miles ne
of Segovia.
Pedro, Point, the moft northern point
of the ifland of Ceylsn, oppofite Point
Calymere on the continent of Hindoo-
ftan. Lon. 80 27 e, lat. 9 52 n.
Pedro, St. one of the ifiands in the
Pacific ocean, called Marquefas. Lon.
138 51 w, lat. 9 58 s.
Peebles, a borough of Scotland, capi-
tal of Peebleftjire, feated on the Tweed,
over which is an elegant bridge. It has
manufactures of carpets and lerges, and
is noted for its excellent beer. On a
projefting rock, near the Tweed, ftands
Nidpath caftle; and on an eminence on
the e ftands Horfelnirg caftle. It is 2 J
miles s of Edinburg. Lon. 3 7 w, lat.
65 40 N.
Peeble shire, a county of Scotland, 30
miles long and 1 2 broad ; bounded on
the N by Edinburgfhire, e by Selkirk-
Ihire, s by Dumfriesfliire, and w by
Lanerkfhire. It is divided into 16 pa-
rifliesi and the number of inhabitants
PEG
in 1801 was 8735. In thii county there
ji not much arable land. Its hills
(aiUbng which arethofe of Tweedfmuir)
abound with falubrious fpringB» and
feed numbers of (heep and cattle. The
principal rivers are the Tweed and
Lyne; the former runs through the
country, and hence the country is fome-
timcs called Tweedale.
Peekskillj a town of New York, in W
Chefter county, on the n fide of a creek
of its namei five miles from its entrance
into Hudfon river, and 50 n of New
York,
Peel, a town Xin the w coaft of the
ille of Man, fituate on a fpacious bay.
At the s extremity of the bay is Peel
ifle, a rock of great magnitude and
height, on the fummit of which is a caf-
tle, and the cathedral of the ifle (much
out of repair) dedicated to St. Germain,
the firft bifliop, who lived in the fifth
century. The town is much decayed,
and the inhabitants are indolent and
poor. It is 10 miles wnw of Douglas.
Lon. 4 40 w, lat. 54 13 n.
Peetf a town of the Netherlands, in
the territory of Liege, 24 miles nnw of
Maeftricht.
Peency a river of Germany, which
riics out of fome lakes in Mecklenburg,
flows through Hither Pomerania to the
weftem branch of the Oder, which is
thence called Peenc, and runs by VVol-
gaft into the Baltic fea, at Peentmunde.
In the latter part of its courfe it fepa-
ratcs Hither Pomerania from Further
Pomerania.
Peenemuttdet a town and fort of Fur-
ther Pomerania, in the ille of Ufedom,
and the refidence of the governor of
the illand. It commands the entrance
and mouth of the Peene, near which it
Aands, fix miles n by e of Wolgaft.
Lon. 13 55 E, lat. 54 8 N.
Pegauy a town of Upper Saxony, in
Mifnia, fituate on the Elder, .10 miles
ssw ofLeipfic.
Pegau, a town of Germany, in Stiria,
near which are confiderable lead mines.
It is feated near the Muer, nine miles
N.vwofGratz.
Pegna de Franciat a town of Spain,
in Leon, 27 miles sse of .Cindad Ro-
drigo.
Pegnafiely a town of Spain, in Leon,
with a palace, and a ftrong caftle. It is
feated at the foot of a mountain, near
the Douero, 38 miles ESEof Valladolid.
Lon. 4 o w, lat. 41 ^^ n.
Pegnafrmey a town of Portugal, in
Ellremadura, at the mouth of the Mon>
^ola, 36 miles nnw o6Lifbon.
Pegnajlor, a town of Spain, in Aftii-
P E G
riuB, feated on the Praviai eight milei
Nw of Oviedo.
Pegnaflor, a town of Spain, in Anda-
lufia, feated on the Guidalquiver, 48
miles N E of Seville. «
Pegnagarcia, a town of Portugal, in
Beira, on the frontiers of Spain, 36 miles
E of Caftel Branco.
Pegnamacor, a fortified town of Por-
tugal, in Beira, with a caftle, on the
frontiers of Spain, 31 miles ene of Caf-
tel Branco. Lon. 6 5a w, lat. 40 6 n.
Pegnarandoy a town of Spain, in Old
Caftile, J9 miles s by e of Burgos. —
Another, 33 miles nnw of Avila.
Pe^nitzt a town of Franconia, in the
principality of Bayreuth, on a river of
the fame name, near its fource, 10 miles
s of Bayreuth.
Pegnon de Feiez, a feaport and for-
trefs of the kingdom of Fez, feated on
a rock in the Mediterranean, near the
town of Velez. It was built by the
Spaniards in 1508, taken by the Moors
in 1522, and retaken in 1664. It is j^
miles SE of Ceuta. Lon. 4 16 w, lat.
35 »a N.
Peguy a kingdom of Afia, bounded
on the N by Birmah, w and s by the
bay of Bengal, and e by Siam. It is
very fruitful in cor,n, roots, pulfe, and
fruits ; and its other produAs are teak
timber, elephants, elephants teeth, bees-
wax, lac, faltpetre, iron, lead, tin, pe-
troleum, very fine rubies, fmall dia-
monds, and plenty of lead, of which
they make their money. The inhabit-
ants are but thinly clad, and the beft
among them wear neither (hoes nor
ftockings. The women are much fairer
than the men, fmall, but well propor-
tioned. If the wife proves faJfe, the
hufband may fell her for a Have ; and
if he go aftray, (he will give him a dofe
of poifon. There are a vaft number of
temples in this country, moftly of
wood, varnilhed and gilt. The priefts
have ground allowed them, which they
cultivate for their fubfiftence : they are
called Talapoins, and inculcate charity
as the higheft virtue ; afiirming that re-
ligion to be the beft which teaches men
to do the moft good. They have idols
in their temples, in a fitting pofture,
crofs-legged, and with very large ears.
They have various forts of mulic, but
the pipe and tabor are efteemed the
beft. In the low flat part of the coun-
try, which is liable to be overflowed,
the houfcs are built upon ftakes, and in
time of inundations, the inhabitants
communicate with each other by boats.
Pegu was long an independent kingb
dom, and, ii> 1752, conquered the king-
P E K
dpm of Birmab ; but Alompra* whom
the king of Pegu had continued as chief
at MoochaboUt A>oa afterward ivvoltcd,
and* in 1757^ reduced Pegu to a de-
pendent province on fiirmaii.
PegUt a city of the kingdom of the
fame name» ercAed on the fite of the
former city, which wasruinvd, in 1757,
b^ the king of Birmah. The ancient
city was a quadrangle, each (tde moa>
funng nearly a mile and a half, and fur-
rounded by flk'ong walls and other forti-
fications, now in ruins. The prefttit
city occupies about one fourth of the
former area. On the n and k fides it
borders on the old wall, and is fenced
round by a (lockade. Here is a grand
temple, which has been newly embel-
liflied. The king of Birmah has here a
▼iceruy, who rcfides in the fort. It is
feated on a riv.er of the fame name, ,^00
miles s of UminL-rapoora. Lon. 96 1 1 k,
lat. 17 4* N.
Pei-Aof ©r White-river, a river of
China, in Petche-Ii, which p;iires near
Peking* and by the cities of Tong-
tchou and Tien-fing, into the Yellow
fiS|i. The tide flow^s no miles, and
frec^uently fubmerges th^ flat country
on Its banks.
Peinot a town of Lower Saxony, in
the principality of HiUteflieim, with a
palace and a capuchin convent. It was
formerly deemed a fortrefs, and (lands
in M mariby country, on the river Fufe,
i6 miles w of Brunfwick.
Peilfuti or Tthudtkoiy a large lake of
RufCa, between the governments of
Petcrlburg and Riga. The river Narova
iflucs from this lake, by which it has a
communicatiou at Narva, with the gulf
of Finland.
Peishortf or PLs/tour, a town of Can-
dahar> in the province of Cabul, 55
miles NNW of Attock, and 95 ssc of Ca-
bul.
PeiskretschatHy a town of Sili^fia, in
the principality of Oppeln, 30 miles sb
ofOppeln.
Peitsii a town oC Brandenburg, in the
Ueker mark. It Itas manufaftures of
ctyth and yarn ; and in the ; eighbour-
■ Kood are iron-works. It (lands on the
Mauk(c, which runs into the Spree, 10
rnWpt NNE of Cotbus, and 37 ssb of
Fr^iWort.
■PeKingt the capital of the empire of
China, in the province of Pe-tche-Ii.
Its name Ggnifies the Northern Court,
to didinguiih it from Nan-king, the
. Southern Court, where the emperor
jformcrly refided. This capital forms
Ml oblpng fqiiare, and is divided into
tvo titicKi one inhabited by Chincfe,
P E K
the other by Tartars. The(* two cities,
excluflve of the fuhurbs, arc nearly 14
miles in circumference. The walu of
the city are i8 feet high, 34 thick at the
hale, and i: at the top; and there are
fpucious towers at 70 feet diHance from
each other. The gates are high, and
well arched, fupporting buildings of
nine (lories high ; the lowed of which is
for the foldicrs when they come ofT
guard : they are nine in number, three
in the s wall, and in each of the other
fides two. The middle gate, on the s
(iih;, opens into the Tartar or imperial
city, which is a fpace within the general
inclofure, about a mile from n to s, and
threv'-fonrths of a mile from E to w,
with a rivulet winding through it. A
wall of large red poli(lK*d bricks, ao
fret high, covered with a roof of tiles
painted yellow and vami(hed, furrounda
this fpace, in which are contained the
imperial palace and gardens, the public
offices, lodgings for the minidcrs, the
eunuchs, artificers, and tradefmen be-
longing the court. Between the other
two gates in the s wall, and the oppotite
ones on the n fide of the city, run
two ftraight ftreets, each four miles in
length, and lao feet wide. One ftreet
of thu fame width run« from one of the
eaflern to the cortefponding wedcrn
gate, but the other is interrupted by the
imperial city, round the walls of which
it is carried. The other ftreets branch
from thefe main (Ireets at right angles,
and are very narrow. The houfes have
no windows nor openings to the ftreet,
except the great (hops ; moft of them
are poorly built, and have only a
ground-fldor. It is aftoniihing to fee
the conc<-urfe of people that arc in the
main ftreets, yet not one Chinefe wo-
man among them, and the confufion
occafiont'd by the number of hnrfes,
camels, muks, ades, wagons, carts, and
chaii"?; witiiout reckoning the feveral
mobs which gather about the jugglers,
ballad-fingers, &c. Pcrfons of diftinc-
tion have always a horf-eman to go be-
fore them and clear the way. All the
great (Ireets are guarded by foldiers,
who patrole night and day with fwords
by their fiiles, and whips in their hands,
to chaftilb thole who make any difturb-
ance, or take th«n\ into cuftody. The
little ftreets have lattice gates at their
entrance into the great ftreets, which
are (liiit up at night, and guarded by
ibidiers, who luffer no aflemblies in the
ftrests at that time. The emperor's
palace and garden occnpies two thirds
of the Tartar city, is furroundcd by a
brick wall) two inilet in length, with
inhd
PEL
faviliont at each corner encompaffi:d
y galleries, fuppurteil by columns:
the architcAurc of the ftupendout pile
of buildings of which the palace cun-
fiftg, is entirely difr<;rent from that of the
Europeans ; and they arc covered with
tiles of a ihining beautiful yellow. The
temples and the towers of Peking are fo
numerous, that it is diflficiilt to couut
them. Provifions of all kinds are ex-
ceedingly plentiful, they being, as well
as the merchaiidife, brought from all
parts by canals from the rivers, and al-
ways crowded with vcfli'ls of ditTcrcnt
fizes; and within the walls arc fcveral
hundred acres of land under cultiva-
tiun. An earthouake which happened
here, in 1731, buried above 100,000
perfons in the ruins of the houfes. The
inhabitants are eftimated at 2,000,000.
A Rufllan church is eftabliflicd here,
with a feminary, in which the (ludeiits
are permitted to refidu for the purpofe
of learning the Cbinefe language. Since
this eflabhlhment, many intercding pub-
lications have appeared at Pcterfburg,
relative to the laws, hiftory, and geo-
graphy of China, traiidated from the
originals publifhed at Peking. Thia
city ftands in a fertile plain, 60 miles a
of the great wall. Lon. 116 47 e, lat.
39 H N.
Pelannisi, an idand :a the Grecian
Archipelago, about eight miles in cir-
cumfl'rcnce. Lon. 24 iz e, lat. 39 30 v,
Pele^riitot a mountain on the n coaft
of Sicily, nearly two miles w of Pa-
lermo. On this mount is a cavern, in
which is the image of St. Rofolia, who
is £iid to have died here; and round
the cave of this faint (who is the patro-
nefs of Palermo) a church is built,
where priefts attend, to watch tht; pre-
cious relics, and receive the offerings of
the pilgrims.
Peletiv Islands, or Palaos, a group of
iflands in the Pacific ocean, lyin^ be-
tween 134 and 136 E lon. and 6 and 8
N lat. They are encircled on 1' • w
fide by a reef of coral ; and the n.. nes
of fome of the principal are Oroolong,
£mungs,£millegue,Artingal,Corooraa,
and Peielew. They are well covered
with trees of various kinds and fi/es ;
and every part of that called Coruoraa,
to which Pelew appeared to be the ca-
pital, feemed to bear the marks of in-
duftry and good cultivatiqn. Captain
Willbn, of the Antelope E India packet,
who was wrecked here in 17^.^, found
the natives fimple in their manners, de-
licate in their fentimonts, friendly in
their difpofition, and, in line, a people
that do honour to the human race.
PEL
The aftoniibBicnt which thoi«, wh*
iirft difcovKred the Eoglifli, naaiiireftcd
on feeing their colour, plainly fliowed,
th.it they had never befof^ (ten a white
man. They had no idea of the nature
of powder and fliot, and «vere exceed-
ingly amazed on feeing its efTeAa.
Their principal arms cunfift of bamboo
darts, from five to eight feet long*
pointed with the wood of the betel-nut
tree ; but there are fliort ones for dif-
ferent marks, which are thrown by
means of a ftick- two feet long. The
chiefs wear a bone round one of their
wrifts, in the form of a bracelet, which,
being a mark of great honour conferred
by the king, is never to be parted with
but with life. They arc not all of the
fame degree, as appeared from a di&r-
ence in the bone they wore. Captain
Wilfon was inveftcd with the higbeft
order of the bune. With rufpeft to
property in thePe ifiands, a man t houie
or canoe is confidered as his own, at ie
alfo the land allotted to him, as long aa
he occupies and cultivates it; but
whenever he removes to another place*
the ground reverts to the king. The
natives make canoes out of the truahc
of trees, (bme large enough to carry go
men. Yams and cocoa-nuts, being
their chief articles of fubfiftencet are
attended with )he utmoft care; and
the milk of the latter is their common
drink. On particular oecafioiu, they
add to their ordinary fare certain
fweetmeats. and a fweet beverage, ob-
tained by the aid of a fyrup, extraAed
either from the palm-tree or the fugar-
caae. The houfes are raifed about
three feet from the ground, the found-
ation beams being laid on large ^nes*
whence fprin^ the upright fuujpqrts of
their fides, with are crofled^w other ^
timbem grooved together, and C||lened
by wooden pins; the intcrmi^iate fii^ce
being cloiely filled up with bamboos
and palm-tree leaves, platted together.
The tops of the houfe arc covered wiUi
bamboos and palm-tree leaves ; and
the iniide \i without any divifion, form^
ing one great room. As lo tiomeftic
implemeats, they have little baikets,
nicely woven from flips of the plantain-
tree, and wooden baikets with covers*
neatly carved and iulaid with fliells.
No one goes abroad without a baiket,
which uUially contains fome betel-nur,
a comb, knife, and a little twine. The
bed knives are made of a piece of the
large mother-of.pearl oyfter, ground
narrow, and the outward fide a littln
polifhed- The combs are made of t^
orange-tree, of which there are a f«#
PEL
of the Seville kind ; the handtv and
teeth are fiiftened in the folid wood.
The fifhing-hooks are of tmloire-nicil ;
and twine, cord, and fl(hing-net«, arc
well manufaAiired from the hii/ks of
the cocoa-nut. Of the plantain leaf
are formed mats, which fcrve the pco-
1)le as beds. They alfo ufc a plantain
eaf at meals, inflead of a plate ; and
the fliell of a cocoa-nut fupplios the
place of a cup. There are veffols of a
kind of cartlicn ware, of a reddifli
brown oolour, in which they boil their
. filh, yams, &c. A bundle of cocoa-
nut hulks ferfes them for a broom;
and thick bamboos, with bores five or
fix inches in diameter, are their buckets
or cifterns. The Ihcll of the tortoife is
here remarkably beautiful ; and the
natives have difcovered the art of mould-
ing it into little trays or difhes, and
fboons. Some of the great ladies have
alfo bracelets of the fame maiuifatfture,
and earrings inlaid with fhells. The
Pelewans, m general, are ftout and well
made, rather above the middle (lature,
and of a deep copper colour. Their
hair is long, and generally formed into
one large foofe curl round their heads.
The men are entirely naked: but the
women wear two little aprons, one be-
fore, the other behind. Both fexes are
tattowed, have their teeth made black
by art, and the cartilage between the
noftrils bored, through which they fre-
quently put a fprig or bloffbm of fome
plant or flirub. The men have the left
ear bored, and the women both ; a few
of the firft wear beads in the perforated
ear, the latter cither put forne leaf
through, or an earring of tortoife-lhdl
inlaid. Both fexes are very expert at
fwimming; and the men arc fuch ad-
mirable divers, that they will readily
fetch up any thing from the bottom of
the fea. Such an opinion had Abba
Thulle, the king of the ifland, enter-
tained of the Englifh, that on their de-
parture, he permitted his fecond fon,
Lee Boo, to accompany them to Eng-
land, where they arrived in 1784. In a
few months after this hopeful youth
died of the fmallpox, and th« £ India
Company erefted a monument' over his
grave in Rotherhithe churchyard. The
direilors of the E India Company, fen-
fible that there remained obligations for
them to fulfil, equipped two veflels at
Bombay, under the command of cap-
tain M'Cluer, which arrived at thefc
iflands in January 1791. A joyful and
a JtieAiiig interview took place between
the BngUIh and the Pelewans ; and the
«ood Abba Thulle bore the intelligence
PEM
of the death of Lee Boo with great for-
titude. When the prefenti were landed,
confiding of cattle, (beep, goati, pig«,
&c. together with arms, grinddones,
(hovels, faws, and other utenfils, the
multitude were flruck with amazement,
and the king himfclf was for fome time
a^ a lofs how to exprefa his gratitude.
The king, in return, made a prefent of
one of the idands to the Englidi, which
was taken podeflion of with the ufual
formalities. Captain M'Cluer leaving
one fliip behind to fuperintend the gar-
dens, plantations, and live dock, pro-
ceeded with the other to Canton ; fome
of the natives voluntarily accompanying
him. He returned to Pelew in June ;
but thinking his benevolent midion not
yet completed, jie failed with both diips
to New Guinea and Bencoolen, and re-
turned again in January 1793, with two
full cargoes of cattle and dores. Dur-
ing his abfcnce Abba Thulle had died,
and his brother had fucceeded to the
fovereignty. The munificent gratitudt
of the £ India Comp.iny has oeen at-
tended with complete fuccefs ; the live
dock having greatly multiplied, and the
rice producing two abundant crops
every year. A fmall trade is now car-
ried on occafionally by the Englilh, be-
tween Pelew and China.
Pel'tjsane, a town of France, in the
department of Mouths of the Rhone,
15 miles WNW of Aix.
PelUr'mt a town of France, in the de-
partm<;nt of Lower Loire, fituate on
the Loire, with a harbour for fmall vef-
fels, 10 miles n of Nantes, and 13 sc of
Painbceuf.
Pemba, an ifland in the Indian ocean,
near thecoad of Zanguebar, about 100
miles in circumference, governed by a
king, tributary to the Portiigucfe. Lon.
41 10 E, lat. 4 50 s.
Pembay a town of the kingdom of
Congo, capital of a province of the fame
name. It is feated on the Loee, 90
miles ssB oi St. Salvador. Lon. 14 40
E, lat. 6 45 9.
• PembriJget a town in Herefordfliire,
whofe market is now difufed. It has a
manufadfnre of woollen cloth, and h
feated on the Arrow, feven miles w of
Leominder, and 144 wnw of London.
Pembroke^ a town of Madachufets,
in Plymouth county, fituate on North
river, remarkable for its depth of wa-
ter, though in fome places not more
than 50 feet wide. Veflels of 300 tons
are built here, and defcend to^Mada-
chufets bay, 1 8 miles didant. Pembroke
is 51 miles ssEof Bodon.
Pembroke^ a borough of Walesw «a-
pital
mayo
dand
haven
the h
rubbi
quarr
with
Hiid
by 1
adixci
w by
"^]
on a
whcrt
th great for.
were Undcdt
goati, pigi,
grind dunes,
J ten fi 1 3, th(>
amar-ptnent,
>r fume time
is gratitude,
a prefent of
gliflit which
th the iifual
luer leaving
end the gar*
(lock, pro-
nton ; fomc
companying
w in June ;
miflfion not
h both Hiips
)len, and re*
.9, with two
Dres. Dur-
le hnd died,
;ded to the
nt gratitudt
a> Deun at*
fs ; the live
led, and the
dant crops
is now car*
[^Dgliih, he-
nce, in the
the Rhone,
, in the de*
fituate on
r fmall vef-
id 13 SE of
lian ocean,
about 100
erned by a
ucfe. Lon.
ingdom of
)f the fame
LoKe, 90
!^on. 14 40
efordfliire,
It has a
h, and k
niles w of
London.
Tachufets,
on North
:h of wa-
not more
300 tons
o^MaflTa-
*embroke
^aletb ea-
i!
PEN
pital of Pembrokefhir*' -^verncd by a
mayor, with-a market t • 'lay. It
llands on the innrrmoft erect or Milford*
haven, over which are two bridges, but
the harbour is become injured by the
rubbiih of the neighbouring limeflono
quarries. It is furrounded by a wall
with three gates, has a CiiAle on a rock,
and three churches. It is 10 miles s
by K of Haverfordwcfl: (whore the
afllzes of the county are held) and 263
w by K of London. Lon. 4 48 w, jat.
5' 43 "•
Pembrokeshire, a county of Wales,
5; miles long and 38 broad ; furrounded
on all iidcs by the fea, except on the n,
where it is bounded by Carmartheii-
fliire and Cardi^anfliire. It contains
35,600 acres; ts divided into fcven
undredSf and 145 pariihes ; has one
city and feven mntket-towns, and fends
three members to parliament. The
nuinber of inhabitants in 1801 was
56,280. The rivers are inconfiderable.
A great part of the county is plain, and
tolerably fertile, confiding or rich mea-
dow and arable land. The ne part
alone is mountainous ; which, however,
yields good pafture for Iheep and cattle.
Pcnang. See Prince of Walet Island.
Penautier, a town of France, in the
(lep.-irtment of Aude, four miles n of
CarcalTonne.
Pendennis, a caftln in Cornwall, on a
hill of the fame name, on Falmouth
bay. It was built by Henry v 1 1 1 for
the fecurity of the coaft; and on the
oppolite fide of the bay is another called
St. Maws. It is a little to the SE of
Falmouth, the harbour of which it de-
fends.
Pendletont a large village in Lanca-
fliire, two miles NW of Manchefter, em-
ployed in the trade and manufadures
of the various Manchefter goods.
Ptniche, a ftrong feaport of Portugal,
in Kftrcmaduia, with a good harhotir
and a citadel; feated on a peninfula,
48 miles N by w of Lifbon. Lon. 9 so
w, lat,39 2a K.
Penig, a town and caftle of Upper
Saxony, in Mifnia, with a manufai^ure
of woollen ftuffs, and a pottery ; feated
on the Mulda, 11 miles nw of Ciietn-
iiitz.
Peniscola, a town of Spain, in Valen-
cia, feated on a high point of land, fur-
rounded on three fides by the fea, and
of difficult accefs by land. It is 30
miles s by w of Tortofa, and 80 nnk
of Valencia. Lon. o 24 e, lat. 40 24 n.
Penh/ic/ir, a town of Cand.ihar, in
the country of Cabul,' 46 miles n of
Cabul.
P E N
Ptn'utorut a to\f n in Yorkrbirr, with
a market on Thurfday, feated on the
Don, 13 miles ssk of lludderHfield,aad
i;6 NNW of London.
Peairidge, a town in StafTorddiirei
with a m.irket on Tucfday, feated on
the river Penk, fix miles s of 8tafibrd»
and 1 19 NW of London.
Petikum, A town t)f Hither Pome*
rania, feated on a lake, 15 miles sw of
Stettin.
Penmaenmanvr, a mountain of Wales,
in Carnarvonlhire, overhanging the fea.
It is four milcrt \v by s of Aberconway ;
and th(- road to Holyhead crofTes it on
the fide of a dreadful precipice, from
which it is d'fended by a wall. The
mountain is 1545 feet above the level of
the fea.
Pennar, a river of Hindooftan, which
lifes in Myfore, flows by Gooty, Gan-
dicotta, Cuddapah, and Vellore, and
enters the bay of Bengal, at Gangapat-
nam.
Pennon de Fele%. See Pegnon.
Pennsylvania, ona of the United
States of America, 288 miles long and
156 broad ; bounded on the n by New
York, E by that province and New
Jerfey, 8 by Delaware, Maryland, and
Virginia, w by the latter and that of
Ohio, and nw by Lake Erie, on which
it has a confiderable front, and a good
port. It is divided into (23 counties;
namely Philadelphia, Chefter, Dela-
ware, Bucks, Montgomery, Berks, Lan- .
calter, Dauphin, Northampton, Lu>
zerne, York, Cumberland, Northum-
berland, Franklin, Bedford, Hunting*
don, MiiHin, Weftmorland, Somcrfet,
Fayette, Walhington, Allegany, and
Lycoming. It is well watered by the
Delaware, Schuylkill, Sufquehauna,
Monongahela, Allegany, and other na-
vigable rivers. Its produce is corn,
cattle, potaih, wax, jlkins, and furs;
and the principal manufadures are iron,
copper, tip, leather, paper, gutipowder,
hats, cotton, fugar, and tobacco. Phi-
ladelphia is the capital.
Pennygantt one of tbe.highe(l moun-
tains of England, in Yorkfhire, feven
miles N of hettle. Its fumrait is 39^0
feet above the level of the fea. On tts
fides are two awful orifices, called Hul-
pit and Huntpit holes; through each
of them runs a brook, both of which
pafs under ground for about a mile,
and crofs each other in the bowels
of the earth without mfxing their wa*
ters.
Penobscot, a bay of the diftridt of
Maine, at the mouth of the river Pe-
nobfcot. It is long and capacious ; and
I^ E N
ftt E fide is lined with a cliifter of fmall
iflands-
Penrice, a town of Wales, in Glainor-
Suifliire, with a market on Thurfday.
ere are the ruins of a Norman cattle.
Tii-ee miles to the n, on a mojntain,
isaDruidica1monume'it)Ca1icdArthur'3
ftone. Penrice is feated on the Brifto?
channel) ao miies » . of Carmarthen, and
320 w of London.
PeM.-iib, a town in Cumberland, with
a marki^t on Tuefday, and manufaftures
of checks and fancy waiflcoat pieces.
Here are the ruins of a ciftle ; and in
the churchyard is a fingular monument
of antiquity, called the Giant's Grave.
It is fcated under a hill, near the river
£amont, 18 miles s oFCarlifle, and 280
KNW of London.
Penri/tt, a borough in Cornwall, go-
verned by a mayor, with a market on
Wednefday , I'riday, and Saturday. Here
are large warehoufes for flour rmd grain,
and feveral good breweries!, which fup-
ply the fliipping at Falmouth; and it
has a great trade in the pilchard and
Newfoundland fifhcries. It is leated
on a creek of Falmouth haven, three
miles Nw of ralnaouth, stnd 36j w by s
ofLond''!n.
PenMcola^ a city of W Florida, feated
on a bay of the gulf of Mexico, which
forms a fafe and commodious harbour.
It was the capital of the pix>vince while
in poflcifioh of the Englifh, but fince
the conqueft of the Spaniard i it has
been on the decline. The entrance
into the bay is defended by a fmall fort
Lon, 87 14 w, lat. 30 which throws its waters to the e, into
and a battery
Pensford, a town in Somerfctfliire,
■with a market on Tuefday, and a ma-
nufaAure of bats ■ fcated on the Chew,
fix roile? s by E of Bf iftol, and 1 1 7 w by
s of Lohdon.
PeniUmd Fritlh a ftrait which divides
the Orkney iflands from Caithntfslhire,
in Scotland. It is so miles Ic,^ and 10
broad, and dai gerous to I'nuie who are
not acquainted with its tides nnd cur-
renl$; cfpecially in pafling the Pent-
land Skerries, a el i' (lev of rocks at the
E end of the frith. On the largeft of
thefe rocks is a lighthouie. Lon. a 4a w,
lat. 58 2,5 N-
Penaa, a government of Riidla, for-
merly a provuice of Kafan. Its capital,
of the fame name, is feated on the Sura,
where it receives the rivulet Penza, iso
miles sw of Kafan. Lon. 45 38 e, lat.
52 30 N-
Penzance, a feaport in Cornwall, go-
verned by a mayor, with a market on
Thurfday. It was burnt by the Spa-
P ER
niardt In ts^^t but foon rebuilt, and
made one of the tin-coinage towns. It
is feated on a creek of Mount Bay, 10
miles NE of the Lands-end, and 280 w
by s of London. Lon. 5 ^^ w, lat. 50
11 V.
Penzlin, a town of Lower Saxony, in
the principality of Mecklenburg-Schwe-
riu, 13 miles nnw of Strelitz.
Pequigtiif) a town of France, in the
department of Somme ; memorable for
an interview and treaty between Lewis
XI of France, and Edward iv of Eng-
land, in 1473, on a bridge built for that
purpofe. It is feated on the river
Somme, 15 miles se of Abbeville.
Peraky a feaport of MjJaya, capital
of a kingdom on the w coaft. It is
feated oi> a river of the fame name, 180
miles Nw of Malacca. Lon. 100 o e,
lat^. 4 23 N.
Peray, St- a town of France, in the
department of Ardechc, noted for its
wines. It is feated on the Rhone, op.
pofite Valence, 3 a miles n of Viviers.
Perche, a late territory of France, in
Orleanoit, which takes its name from a
foieft, and is pretty fertile. It now
forms, with part of Normandy, the de-
partment of Oriie.
Perdut Mount, the higheft mountain
of the Pyrenoe."!, deemed to be ii.ooo
feet above the fca. It is of very difficult
accefs, as the calcareous rock often
aflumes the form of perpendicular walls,
from 100 to 600 ^ect in height; and
glaciers increafc the difficulty. About
sooo feet from the fummit is a lake,
the Spanifli valley of Beoufla.
Perekop. See f^recop.
Perga, a town of European Turkey,
in Albania, on th r gulf of Venice, aj
miles WNw of *..ta.
Pergamo'-, a town of European
Turkey, in R(< nania, and a b'fliop's
fee, 60 miles snn of Adrianople. Lon.
25 55 E, lat. 41 10 M.
Perganio, a town of Afiatic Turkey,
in N.itolia, and a bifhop's fee, with a
palace and a caftle. It is not io
confiderablc as formerly, but has nine
inoHiucs, and occupies an oblong cir-
cumference of throe miies, at the foot of
a mountain. Here parchment was in-
vented. It is feated on the Germafti,
15 miles from its mouth, and 37 n of
Smyrna. Lon. 27 £7 i:, lat. 395 n.
Peria, a town of Perfia, in the pro-
vince of Irac, 90 miles w of Ifpaliaii.
Lon. 51 2j 1;, lat. 3i ao n.
Pcriac, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Aude, celebrated fur iti
fait works, fix miles iw of Narbwnnc.
rebuilt, antt
e towns. It
lint Bay, lo
. and 380 w
Ij w, lat. 50
r Saxony, in
Ijiir^-Schwe-
tz.
ance, in the
^njprable for
ween Lewis
IV of Eng.
>uilt for that
n the river
beviUe.
Uya, capital
coaft. it \%
e name, 180
>n. 100 o E,
ranee, in the
oted fur its
Rhone, op«
)f Viviers.
f France, in
ume from a
le. It now
ndy, the de-
ft mountain
o be 1 1,000
vcty difficult
rock oftt^n
icular wails,
leight; and
|ty. About
|t is a lake,
the E, into
la.
an Turkey,
jVenice, aj
European
a bifliop's
\l>\e. Lou-
Ic Turkey,
Ifee, with a
lis not fo
It has nine
pblong cir-
the foot of
Int was iii-
Germalti,
Id 37 N ol'
I395 N-
I1 the pro-
1f Ifpalian.
|in the de-
L'd fur its
larboniic.
PER
Periapatam^ a town of Hindooftan,
In Myibre. The fortifications are quite
ruinous, the late fultan having blown
up the beft works; and ruint: orcopy
the greater fpace of the fubu»-!i, but it
■9 recovering faft. The environs are
rich and beautiful. It is 40 miles w by
s of Seringapatam.
Perierst a town of France, in the de-
partment of Manche> nine miles v of
Coutanccs-
Prrigordt a late province of France,
83 miles long and 60 broad ; bounded
on the N by Angoumois and Marche, e
hy Quercy and Limofin, s by Agenois
and Bazodois, and w by Bourdclois,
Angoumois, and Saintonge. It abounds
in iron-mines, and now forms the de-
partment of Dordogne.
Perigueux, a town of France, capital
of the department of Dordogne, and
lately a bifhop's fee. Here are the
niins of a temple of Venus, and an am-
phitheatre. It is feated on the river
lile, 50 miles sw of Limoges. Lon. o
43 E, lat. 45 1 1 N.
Perindat a town of Hindooftan, in
the province of Dowlatabad, 188 miles
KW of Hydrabad. Lon. 75 50 e, lat-
18 33 ^'•
Perindura, a town of Hindooftan, in
the province of Coimbetore, 12 miles
ssw of Bhawanikudal.
Perleberg, a town of Brandenburg,
c.ipital of the mark of Pregnitz. It has
confiderable cloth manufailures, and
Hands on the Stepenitz, 4a miles www
of Ruppin. Lon. ra 3 e, lat. 53 8 n.
Perntt a government of Ruflia. for-
merly a province of Kafan. It is di-
vided into two provinces, Perm and
Catharinenburg, the capitals of'which
•re of the fame name.
Permt a town of Ruflia, capital of a
government and province of the f.ime
name. It is feated on the Kama, at the
influx of the Zegochokha, 6io miles e
by N of Mofcow, and 810 e by s of
Peterfburg. Lon. 55 10 e, lat. s7
55 N.
PermacoiU a town of Hindooftan, in
the Camatic, fituate on a mountain, 30
mile^NW of Pondicherry.
Perrtalla, a town of Hindooftan, in
GH7.er.it, 38 miles s of Surat.
Pernambuco. See Fernambuco,
Pernau, a fortified town of Ruflia,
in Livonia, with a caftle ; feated ne.ir
the mouth of a river of the fame name,
91; miles N of Riga. Lon. 44 30 e, lat.
58 30 N.
PerneSf a town of France, in the de-
partment of Mouths of the Rhone. It
is the birthplace of the celebrated orator
PER
Flechier, biftiop of Nif'Ties, and 13 miles
E by N of Avignon.
Pernes, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Pas de Calais, feated on
the Clarence, 17 miles nw of Arras.
Perna, a town of Swetlen, in the pro-
vince of Nyiand, on the coaft of the
Baltic, 36 miles e of Helfingfors.
Peromie, a ftrong town of France, in
the department of Somme. It is called
Pucelle, becanfe it has never been taken,
though often beficged. The caftle
was the imprifonment of Charles the
fimple, who here miferably dijd; and
in this caftle the duke of Burgundy de-
tained Lewis XI three days, till he con-
fentcd to fign a difadvantngcons treaty.
It is feated on the Somme, 27 miles sw
of Cambray, and 80 e by n of Paris.
Lon. 3 2 E, lat. 49 55 N.
Perousa, a town and fort of Pied-
jnont, on the river Clufon, fix nliles nw
of Pigncrol.
Peppignan, a fortified to%vn of France,
capital of the department of Eaftem
Pyrenees, with a good citadel and a
univerfity. It was lately a biftiOp's fee,
and is feated on the Tct, near the Me-
diterranean, 95 miles SE__of Touloufe.
Lon. a 54 E, lat. 4a 4a nT /
Persaim. See Bassien.
Persepolis, anciently the capital of
the Perfian empire. It was taken by
Alexander the great, who fct it on fire.
Jts magnificent ruins are 50 miles ne of
Shiras.
Perj/iore, a town in Worcefterfljire,
with a market on Tuefday, aKd a ma-
nufadlure of ftockings. Here aro two
churches, and tliat of Holy Crofs con-
tains fevcial ancient monuments. It is
featcu on the Avon, nine miles ese of
Worcefter, and 106 wnw of London.
Persia, a large country of Afia, con-
fifting of fcveral provinces, which, at
different times, have had their parti-
cular kings. It is bounded on the n by
Georgia, th ; Cafpian fca, and Ufbec
Tartary, \v by Turkey and Arabia, s
by the gulfs of Pcrfia and Ormus and
the Arabian fea, and e by Hindooftan.
It is i;2o miles from e to w, and 900
from N to s. In the v aud e parts it
is mountainous and cold; in the luiddle
and SE parts, fandy and deffrt; in the
s and w, level ai)d extroincly fertilf,
though for feveral months vt-ry hot.
The chief rivers are the Tigris and Kur ;
but there are many others, and levcral
in the interior which are loft in fan'ly
deferts. The foil produces all forts of
pulfe and corn, except oats and rye.
In feveral places, naptlia, a fort of bitff^
men, rifes out of the ground j and th«*
„^ Mm-
ft
■
PER
are mines of gold« filver, iron, turcois
ftones, nnd fait ; but the firil two of
thefe are not worked, on account of the
fcarciry of wood. Among the products
of Perfia that are peculiarly excellent,
are dates, pillachio-nuts, and poppies,
that produce the tinett opium. There
are extenfivt- platitations of mulberry
trees for rilkwormt< ; and large flocks of
flieep and goats, '.'ho camels, horfes,
mules, ades, oxen, anu kuffalus, arc the
beft of their kind, and are indifferently
ufed for carrying pa/Tengers or burdens,
the horfes excepted, which are only
ufed for the faddle- The principal tna*
nufadures are fatins, Ltbbies, taffeta.s,
(ilk mixed with cotton, or with camels
or goats hair, brocades, gold tiflues,
gold velvet, catpets. calicos, camlets,
&c. During almoll the whole .of lad
century, Perfia has been defolated by
competitors for the fovcreignty. On
the aflfafTination of the ufurper. Nadir
Shah, in 1747, Ahmed Abdalla, one of
his generals, founded the kingdom of
Candahar; to which he annexed the
provinces of Korafan and Segqdan, in
the E part of Ptrfia, apd thofe provinces
6f Hindooftan, w of the Indus, that had
been ceded by the great mogul, in 1737,
to Nadir Shah. Kerim Khan, another
of Nadir's officers, obtained the fovc-
reignty of all the Ibuthcrn provinces.
He held the feat of government at ^hu
ras; but refufcd the title of Shah, or
king, being fatisficd with that of Vakeel,
or protPiJtor. He was a mild prince,
beloved by his fubjeitfl, and refpedled
by foreign powers. On his death, in
1779, new competitors for the throne
fprung up, and caufed another period
of flaughter and defoiation till the year
1794, >"' en Akau Mahomed Khan be-
came ole monaich. The Perfians are
generally Mahometans, of the fe(5t of
Ali. They are commonly fat, with
black hair, high forehead, aquiline nofr,
full cheeks, and .» iaigt ciiiu ; the form
of the countenance being frequently
oval. The general complexion is fair,
fomewhat tinged with olive ; but thofe
in the s, and the provinces toward
India, are of a dark brown. The men
are generally ftrong and robufl, and in-
clined to martiai exercifcs ; thuy fhave
the head, and wear high crimfun bon-
nets; but the beard is facrtd, and
tended with great caie. They often
wear three or four Tght diclFes, one
above the other, fafteaed with a belt
and fafb ; and they rirc t''>nd of large
clokcb of thick ciotli. The women
wrap around their heads pieces of filk
of different colours; and Uieir robes
#
PER
are rather fliorter than thofe of the
men. The Perfians are generally gay,
polite, and hofpifable; yet au- pafTion-
nte ; and the recent commotions have
imparted a taint of cruelty to the na-
tional charaAer. They dine about
nnuu, but the chief rcpaft is the fuppcr.
The moft ufual dilh is boiled rice, va-
rioufly prepared. The meat is boiled
to excefs, and the meal is enlarged with
pot-herbs, roots, fruits, cakes, hard
eggs, and fweetmeats, of which lad
they are extremely fond. They are re-
markable for cleanlinefs both in their
perfons and habitations. The language
of Perfia is perhaps the moft celebrated
of all the oriental tongues, for ftrength,
beauty, and melody. Il'pahan is the ca-
pital.
Persia^ Gulf oft a fea or inland lake,
between Perfia and Arabia. The en-
trance near Ormus is net above 30 miles
over; but within it is from 120 to 450
in breadth, and the length from Ormus
to the mouth of the Euphrates is 500
miles. The fouthern fide is particularly
celebrated for its pearl filhery.
Perth, a borough uf Scotland, cipital
of Perthfhire, with two pnrilh-rhurches,
one of which belonged formerly to a
Qne abbey. It has been the refidencc
of the fovereigns of Scotland, and the
feat of the parliament and of the fu-
premci courts of juftice. Near the town
are fome faline fprings, called Pitcaitly
Wells, deemed beneficial in fcorbutic
cafes. Perth is feated on the sw fide
of the Tay, which is navigable for fmall
veflels, but the largeft veficls are obliged
to unload at Newburg. Over the river
is a mcjdvrn bridge of 10 arches, the
moft beautiful in Scotland*. to the town
of Kinnoul. Here are feveral incorpo-
rated tradci, forae of which have halls-
The falmon fifliery is a great article of
trade ; and it hasconfiderable manufac-
tures of linen and cotton goods, leather,
boots, fhoes, and gloves. In 1801 the
number of inhaKtantswas 14,878. It is
35 miles N by w of Edinburg. Lon. 3
so w, lat. 56 24 N.
Path Amboff, a city and foaport of
New Jerfcy, in Middlefex county, feated
on a neck, of laud, between the river
Rariton and Arthur Kiill found. It
lies open to Sandy Hook, and has one
of the beft harbours on the contiaeiit.
It is ^a miles sw of New York, .and 74
NE of Philadel^jhia. Lon. 75 o w, Kit.
40 J 5 N.
JWi^e.f, .1 town of France, in the de-
partment of Sciivc and Marne, fix milts
!)*w of Melun.
P*rtliiu a town ef France, iu the ilc
hofe of the
incrally gay,
ait> paflion-
notions have
y to the na-
d:he about
s the fuppcr.
ilt\i rice, va-
eat is boikd
nlarged with
cakes, hard
• which laft
They are re-
loth in their
rhe language
>ft celebrated
for ftrength,
ban is the ca-
inland lake*
ia. The en-
iove 30 miles
n 1 20 to 250
from Ormus
lirates is 500
} particularly
ery.
tland, capital
ilh-churches,
srmerly to a
the refidencc
and, and the
il of the fii-
ear the town
ed Pitcaicly
in fcorbutic
the sw fide
ble for fmall
s are obliged
ver the river
arches, the
to the town
ral incorpo-
have halls-
:at article of
le manufac-
[)d8, leather,
n 1 80 1 tlic
,87«. It is
g. Lon. 3
foaport of
luity, feated
|n the river
found. It
liid has one
continent,
hrk, and 74
h o w,l;it.
I, in the de-
p, lix milfS
iu the lie
PER
partmtnt of Upper Marne, fix miles nw
of St. Dizier.
Perthshire^ a county of Scotland, 76
miles long and 68 broad ; bounded on
the w by Argylefhire, n by the (hires of
Invernets and Aberdeen, e by Angus-
Ihire, s e by the frith of Tay and thecoun-
ties of Fife aivi Kinrofs, and s by the
frith of Forth and the counties of Clack-
mannon. Starling, and Dumbarton. It
contains 4,068.640 acres, is divided into
68 parifties, and the number of inhabit-
ants in 1801 was 116,366- The country
exhibits fccnes of rugged and ftriking
magnificence, contrafted with the molt
beauti'ail ones of cultivation. The
Grampian mountains crofs it from sw
to NK, the higheft of which is Rcn-
lawers. The country nw of this ridge
is mountainous, and contains feveral
lakes ; biit the oppofite fide, thoiii;h
not free from hills, is more low and
fertile. The principal rivers arc the
Forth and Tay. Perth is the capital.
Pertigit a town of the ifland of Sar-
dinia, 19 miles SE of Caftel Arogoncfe.
Pertuis, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Vauclnfe, near the Du-
rance, II miles Nof Aix, and 38 ese of
Avignon.
Peru, a country of S America, bnnnd-
ed en the n by Porayan and New
Granada, w by the Pacific ocean, s by
Chili, and E by the Andes. It is 1 800
miles from n to «, and about 500 from
E to w. It never rains in the fouth
parts; but in the north, virheve the
mountains are not fo high, it often
rains exccflively. There are large fo-
lefts on the fides of the mountains
which advance near the fea ; but none
V)f the trees are like thofii in Europe.
Vera has been long celebrated for iVs
mines of gold and filver, which are the
chief or only fource of its riches. Not-
withftandiTig the little induftry which is
employed in working them, and the
linall help that commerce affoids to
the miners, 534,000 marks of filver, and
6,0,38 of gold, were fmelted find re-
filled in tlu' royal mint at Lima, in
1790; and 5,162,239 piatres in both
materials were coined there. Befide
the produce of the mines, the commo-
dities exported are ftigar, Vienna wood,
cotton, Peruvian bark, copper, and
cocoa. The licrceft: beafts of prey in
Peru arc the puma and jaquar, inac-
cunitcly called lions and tigers by the
Europeans, for they polTefs neither the
undaunted courajjf of the former, nor
the ravenous cruelty of the latter. A
quadruped, called the lama, peculiar to
this country, was lamfd to domeflio
I P E R
purpofes by the ancient Peruvians : in
form it bears fome refemblance to a
camel, but only of " a fize fomewhat
larger than a flieep ; and its wool fur-
niflies the Peruvians with clothing, its
flefh with food. Among the birds, the
moft remarkable is the condor, which
is entitled to preeminence over the
flying tribe, in bulk, ftrength, and
courage. The river Guyaquil abounds
with alligators, and the neighbouring
country fwarms almolt as much vith
fnakes and vipers as that round Porto
Hello does with toads. When the
Spaniards landed in this coimtry, in
1530, they foimd it governed by fo-
vereigns called Incas, who were revered
by their fubjedts as divinities ; and the
inhabitants wtrc found to be much
more polifhed than the natives of other
parts of America, thofe of Mexico ex-
cepted. Thefe were foon fubdued by a
tV'W Spaniards, under the command of
Francis Pizarro. Peru is inhabited by
the Sp.iniards, the native Americans,
and a mixture arifing from both, called
Medics. The native Americans, who
live among the forefts, form as it were
fo many fmali republics, which are
dire(ftcd r»y a Spanilh pried, and by
their governor, affiflcd by the original
natives, who ierve as ofliceig. They
have no diftruft, for they leave the
doors of their huts always open, though
they have cotton, ca'.abalhes, and a fort
of aloes, of which they make thread,^
and feveral other fmall mattc'-s that
they trade with, which might be eafilv
ftolcn. They go naked, and paint their
bodies with a red drug, called rocu.
The fame man is of all trades, for he
builds his own hut, conftrufts his own
canoe, and weaves his own cloth ; but
if a large houfe ic ':o be built Tor com-
mon ufe, every one lends a helping
blind. Their fkin is of .1 red copper
ctlour; and they have no bt?ard nor
hair on any part of their bodies except
their heads, where it is black, long, and
coarfe. Thofe that are not much ex-
pofed to the weather are of a lighter
colour than the reft. The natives who
live at Quito frem t. be of a different
temper; for they an? extremely idle,
and fo ftupid, that 'ihc-y will fit whole
days together upon their heels, without
ftirring or fpeakirig. Their garment is
a fort of a lack, with holes to put their
arms through ; and this is given them
by their mafters as part of their wages.
The Meitics, thoujsh ilk-j^itimatc, have
.i',l the privileges ot a Spaniard, .iiid ar«
the perfons who. carry on ail iruJes ;
for the Sp-iniards think it beneath them
M ma *
r *
FES
to meddle with any thing of this fort :
they behave in a more tyrannical man-
ner over the real Americans than even
the Spaniards thprofelves, infomuch
that the governor is obliged to rcprefs
their infolence- Peio is divided into
three great audiencest which are Quito,
Lima.or Reyes, and Charcas j thewhole
under the government of a viceroy,
whofe authority once extended over all
S America polTefled by the Spaniards :
butasfome of the cowntries are above
aooo miles diftant from the fuprcme feat
of jiiftice at Lima, the inhabitants were
fubje<5l to the greateft inconveniences ;
to remedy which two new viceroyalties
have been eftabliflied. The firft is fixed
at St. Fe de Bogota, the capital of New
Granada, and extends over the whole of
Terra Firma, and the audience of
Quito. In the government of the fecond,
at Buenos Ayres, the capital of Pa-
raguay, arc the provinces of Plata,
Paraguay, Tucuman, and the jurif-
dit^ions of Potoli, St. Cruz de la Sierra,
dnd Mendoza. Lima is the capital.
Perugioy a city of Italy, capital of
Perugino, and a bilhc^p's, fee, with a
ftrong citadel and a univerfity. The
churches, and many other buildings,
public and private, are very handfome.
It is feated on a hill, 75 miles N of
Rome. Lon. 12 ao e, lat. 43 6 n.
Perugia, a lake of Italy, eight miles
w of the city of its name. It is almoft
round, five miles in djameter, and in it
are three iflands.
^ Perugino, a province of Italy, in the
Kccleiiaftical State, 35 miles long and
34 broad ; bounded on the w by Tuf-
cany, s by the territory of Orvieto, e
by the duchies of Spoleto and Ur-
bino, and n by the county of Citta
di Caftclio. The foil is fertile in corn
and good wine. The capital is Pe-
rugia.
Pesaro, a fortified feaport of Italy,
in the duchy of Urbino, and a bifliop's
ice. The cathedral is magnificent, and
it has handfome churches, convents,
and palaces, with exquifitc paintings.
The environs are remarkable for pro-
ducing olives and excelient figa. It is
feated op an eminence, at the mouth of
the Foglia, on the gulf of Venice, 17
miles ENE of U'bino. Lon. 13 a E,
lat. 4352 N.
Pescara, a ftrong town of Naples, in
Abruzzo Citeriore. It wa? taken by
the, French in 17(^8, at)d ftai)ds at the
mouth of a river of the fame name, on
the gulf of Veaice, 10 milts nke of
Clvita<ii Cfiieti.
PeichierBj a Along tow;;i of Italy, ia
PE-T
the V«i«neie. It «ras taken "kj th«
French in 1796; and the garriibn fur-
rendered to tae AuArians.in 1799, It
is feated on the river Mincio* where it
proceeds from the laM OaxMt 16 mil(»
w of Verona.
Peicittt a town of Tufcany,celelvated
for its fine oil, 47 miles w by m of Flo-
rence.
Pescim, a town of Naples* in Abruz-
zo Ulteriore, near the lake Cdano, ao
miles s by B of Aquila.
Pesenast a tofitti of France, in the de-
partment of Herault, on the river Hc-
rault, I a miles ne of Beziera.
Pest, a town of Hungary, capital of
a county of the iame name» with a
fortrefs, a royal palace, and a univerfity,
the only one in the kingdom. Here are
many Greek merchants, who conduct
the Levant trade to Germany and the-
northern nations. It is feated on the e
fide of the Danube, oppofite Buda» 96
miles *SE of Prelburg. Lon., 19 A t,
lat. 47 30 K.
Peftif a town of Naples, in Princi-
pato Citeriore, feated neai the magnifi-
cent ruins of the ancient PaeftuaHy a*
miles s£ of Salerno.
Petapa, a town of Mexico, in the
province of Guatimalai 35 milea se of
Guatimala.
Petague/j a province on the k coaft
of Brafil, between the provinces of Sea-
ra and Rio Grande. It contains mines
of filver.
Pe-teht'li, the principal province of
China, bounded on the n bv the great
wall and part of Tartary, e by the Yel-
low fea, s by Chang-tong and Ho-nan,
and w by the mountains of Chan-fu It
contains nine cities of the firft chf8»
which have many others under their
jurifdidlion. Although Pe-tche-K ex-
tends no further than the 4ad degree v,
yet all its rivers are fo much frozen
during four months in the year, that
wagons with the heavieft loads may
fafely pafs them. The foil is fandy,
and produces very little rice ; but it
abounds with all other kind of grain,
and with the greater part of the fruit
trees common in Europe. But what
renders this province the moft con-
fidcrable is, that the riches of the whole
empire are brought hither, the fouthcm
provinces furnilhing it with every
thing they produce, that is moft un-
common and delicious. The inhabit-
ants, in general, are reckoned not fo
polite, nor fo rtpt to learn the fciences^
asthofe of the fouthero provinces; but
they are (Ironger and more warlike, io
which they rcfcmble the people who in-
Iien hf th«
Sarriibn fur-
f 1799. It
:io> where it
da» 1 6 iniU»
ITyCeleburated
8» in Abruz-
C^lano, ao
rctinthede-
lie river H«-
r».
r, capital of
jne» with a
a univerlity»
1. Here are
rho condu^
any and the.
ted on the e
te Budat 9$
[a>q.i9 B t,
i, in Princi-
the magnifi-
xtco, in the
i milea sk of
the K coaft
inces of Sea-
Dtains mines-
province of
)y the great
)y the Yel-
ind Ho-nan,
Chan-fu It
firft chfs^
under their
tche-K cx-
;d degree v,
lUch frozen
year, that
loads may
1 is fandyt
ice ; but it
id of grain,
■ the fruit
But what
mod con-
f the whole
le fouthem
vith every
s moft un>
he inhabit-
led not fo
e fciences^
inces ; but
warlike, in
le who in-
PET
jkabit the tiotthcrq prdnnces. Peking
is the capita). '
Peter and Paul, St. or Petropaulotkoit
a feapott of RulBa, in Kamtfchatka.
The town conftfts of feme log-houfes
and a few conical huts. Captain
Gierke, who fucceedcd captain Cook*
and died at' fea, was interred here. It
is fuated on the e fide of Awatika bay.
Lon. 15B 48 E, lat. j^ I N,
Peterborough, a city in Northamp-
tonihire, and a biOiop's fee, with a
market on Saturday. It is governed
by a mayor, and has but one church,
befide the cathedral, which was "for-
merly a monaftery. The market-place
is fpacious, and the ftreets regular. It
has a tiisnufadture of ftockings, and a
trade in com, coal, and timber. It is
feated on the Nen, over which is a
bridge into Huntingdonfhire, 42 miles
ME of Northampton, and 8| n of
London. lUin. o 4 w,lat. 52 30 ir.
Peterhead, a feaport of Scotland, in
Aberdcenfhire, fituate on a peninfula,
about a mile s of the mouth of the
Ugie. It has two harbours, defended
by piers ; a confiderable trade in the
fiihery, and to the Baltic ; and manu-
£idtures of thread, woollen cloth, and
cotton. Here is a fmall fort and a
battery. A mineral fpring, of a power-
ful, diuretic quality, ahd tlie fea-bathing
bring a great refort of company, for
whofe accommodation there is a ball
room and many elegant houfes. It
(lands a little to the w of Buchannefs,
the moft eaftem promontory of Scot-
land, 34 miles M E of Aberdeen. Lon.
I 35 w, lat. 57 a7 N.
Petersburg, a town of New Hamp-
fliire, in HilTfborough county, 16 miles
B of Keene, and 73 w by s of Portf-
mouth.
Petersburg, a town of Pcnnfylvania,
in York county, 25 miles sw of York,
and 58 N of Waftiington.
Petersburgt a town of Virginia, in
Dinwiddle county. It has a confider-
able trade, particularly in tobacco and
flour, and is feated on the s fide of
the Appamatox, 25 miles s of Rich-
mond.
Petersburg, a town of the ftate of
Georgia, in Aliicrt connty, fituate at
the confluence of Broad with Savanna
river, 40 miles NW of Augufta.
Petersburg^ or St. Peterburg, the
rnetropolia of the empire of Ruflia, in a
government of the Camtt name, with a
univerfity. It is feated on the Neva,
near the gulf of Finland, and built
partly on fome iilands formed by the
river) and partly upon the continent.
VET
The ground on which Peterflburg now
ftands was a vaft morafs, occupied by a
few fifhermen's huts. Peter the great
firft began this city by the eredion of
a citadel with fix baftions, in 1 703 ; he
built alfo a fmall hut for himfelf, and
fome wooden hovels. In 17 10, count
Golorkin built the firft houfe of brick;
and the next year, the, emperor, with
his own hands, laid the ibundation of 4
houfe of the fame materials. From
thefe fmall beginnings rofe the imperial
city of Peterfljurg ; and in lefs than
nine years, after the wooden hovels were
eredtcd, the feat of empire was tranf-
ferred to it from Mofcow. The ftreets
are ftraight, and generally broad and
long, frequently interfcdting each other
in abrupt and (harp corners ; and three
of the principal ones, which meet in a
point at the admiralty, are above tw«»
miles in length : moft of them are
paved, but a few ftill remain floored
with plunks ; and numerous canalsy
from one part of the river to anothcrs
pafs through many of them, by which
the inhabitants are fupplied with water.
In feveral parts, wooden houfes, fcarcely
fuperio'-to common cottages, are blend-
ed with the public buildings ; but as
they are not fuffered to be repaired, or
if burnt down to be rebuilt, the number
of them is now reduced one half:
however, the mother of all that exifty
in the city, the firft wooden cottage of
Peter the great, has a brick building on
arches erefted over it, to preferve it as
a facred relic of that monarch. Th?
brick houfes are covered with ftuccO)
painted of a pink, yellow, or green co-
lour ; the roofs of them are nearly flat,
formed of iheet or caft iron, or flieet
copper, and commonly painted green
or red : tiles are only ufed for out-
houfes and the meaner fort of buildings.
The manfions of the nobility are vaft
piles of building, furniftied in the moft
elegant ftyle. Pcterflliurg, though more
compai^t than the other Riitfian cities,
bears a refemblance to the towns of
this country, and is built in a very
ftraggling manner. On the s and se it
has a boundary formed by the town
ditch, which is dug far beyond the
built parts ; and on the ne and n flows
the moft northern branch of the Neva,
called the Ncvka, which includes a ftill
more ample interftice. The circumfer-
ence by thel'e and the fea is nearly 20
miles ; but t.he part properly built
upon occupies little mere than one
fourth of this fpace. The inhabitant*
are computed to be 230,000. 'ihe
juaia ftrcam of tht* Neva isi in vmhj
PET
pla(;c8, as broad as the Thames at
L()tidon, and its banks am lined on
each fide with a continusd range of
handfome buildings. On the n fide are
thn grand dacal palace, the fortrefs, the
cuftomhoufe, the academy of fcicnces,
and the academy of arts. On the s
fide are the imperi.i1 palace, the marble
Ealare, the admiralty, the arfenal, the
ank, the manfions of many Ruffian
nobles, and the Englifii-lint*, fo cnlled,
bccaufe the whole row is alniuft wholly
occupied by Enciifli merchants. In the
front of tlu'fe oiitldings is the quay,
which exlimds three miles, except
where it is interrupted by the admiral-
ty ; and the Neva, during the whole of
that fpace, is embanked by a wall,
parapet, and .pavement of hewn gra-
nite. The oppofitc divifions of Petcrf-
burg, fituate on each fide of the Ncrva,
are connoifled by two bridges, on pon-
toons ; and thrre arc fcveral others over
the differerjt arms of the river. Thele
bridges, on account of the large maffcs
of ice drive down the ftream from the
lake Ladoga, .ire ufually removed when
they firft make thein appearance ; and
for a few days, till the river is frozen
hard enough to bear cairriages, there is
no communication between the op-
pofite parts of the town. Among the
nobleft ornaments of Peterfburg, is an
cqueftrian ftatue of Peter the great, in
bronzet of a colofifal fize ; the pededal
of which is a huge rock, brought to the
fpot at a great expence. Within the
walls of the fortrels is the cathedral of
St. Peter and St- Paul, in whicli are
depofited the remains of Peter the
great, and of the fucceflive fovereigns,
except Peter ii, buried at Mofcow.
Peterfburg has a confidcrable trade in
exporting the products of the empire,
and has a communication by canals and
rivers with many of the fouthern pro-
vinces as far as Ailrachan, on the borders
of the Cafpinn fea. It is 4a < miles nw of
Mofcow, 500 E by N of Stockholm,
and 1000 NNE of Vienna. Lon. 30 19
E, lat. 59 56 N.
Peteridtrf, a town of Pruffia, in the
province of Samland, 34 miles b of
Konigfberg
Petersfield, a borough in Hampfhire,
governed by a mayor, with a market
on Saturday, feated on the Loddon, 18
miles NE of Portfmouth, and 54 sw of
London.
Petenhagettt a town of Weflphalin,
in the principalityi^iOf Minden, with a
caftle, feated on thtf.Wcfer, feven miles
NNE of Minden.
Petershamt a town of MaflachufetSi
P E V
in Worcefter county, on the e branch
of Swift river» 28 miles nw of Wor*
ccfler.
Peterthauseti, a town of Suabia, with
a BenediAine abbey, and u fort ; feated
on the N fide 'of the Rhine, oppofite
Conftance.
Peteriuardein, a town of Sclavonia,
one of the ftrongeft frontier places the
houfe of Auftria has againfl the Turks,
over whom, in 1716, prince Eugene
here gained a great victory. It is feated
on the Danube, oppofite the fortrefs of
Neufatz in Hungary, 50 miles nw of
Bel^ade. Lon. zo 20 R, lat. 45 18 n.
Pethertoftt South, a town in Somerfet-
fl'iire, with a market oit Tuel'day, and
a manufadlure of dowlas ; feated near
the Parret, over which is a bridge, S4
miles ssw of Wells, and 130 w by s of
London.
PethHanot a town of Tufcany, in the
Siennefe, eight miles w of Caflro, and
45 SE of Sienna.
Petit Gua-vcf a feaport of St. Do-
mingo, feated on a bay at the w end of
the illand. It is aoo miles E of Jamaica.
Lon. jx 5a w, lat. 18 27 n.
Petoutie, a city of Eaftern Tartary,
in the province ofKirin. It hasfcarcely
any inhabitants but Tartar foldiers, and
Chinefe condemned to exile. It is
feated on the Songari, 150 miles n by
w of Kirin. Lon. 125 55 e, lat. 45
10 N. ■
Petrella, a town of Naples, in the
Molife, 1 1 miles e of Molife.
Petrella,ii town of European Turkey,
in Albania, z6 miles s« of Durazzo.
Petrikowt a town of Poland, in the
palatinate of Siradia, 80 miles sw of
Warfaw. Lon. 19 46 e, lat. 51 is N.
Petrina, a flrong to#n of Croatia,
feated on the Kulpa, 37 miles e of
Carlftadt.
Ptttapollt/t a town of Hindooftan, in
the Guntuor circar, on the bay of
Bengal, 38 miles ssb of Condavir, and
48 NE of Ongolc.
^ Pettaiv, a town of Germany, in
Stiria, witi confidcrable manufactures ;
feated on the Drave, 14 miles se of
Marchburg.
Petty curt a harbour of Scotland, in
Fifefliire, one mile w of Kinghorn, in
the frith of Forth. It is the ufual land-
ing-place of palTengcrs from Leith, on
the oppofite Ihore.
Pet<uiartk, a town in SuflTex. with a
market on Saturday, feated near the
Arun, 12 miles NE of Chichefter, and
48 sw of London.
Peveruey, X village in SufTex, 14 "»>'•»
wsw of HaftidgSi fituate on a fmall
>cotland> in
P H A ^
riv(T~ which rung into a bay of the
EngUQi channel, called Pevsnfey Har-
bour. Here is an ancient caftle, which
belonged to Robert earl of Morton, and
faid to be the largeft and mod entire
remain of Roman building to be feen in
Britain. Pevenfey vrii anciently a fa-
mous haven, though now it is nearly
two miles from the fea. Here Swain
landed in 1049, when he carried off his
coulin Bcorn and murdered him ; and
here William the conqueror landed,
when he invaded Englari.
P/qffeMbofen, a town &f Bavaria, with
a Benedidme monailery at a fmall
diftance. It is feated on the Ilm, 15
miles s of Ingolftadt.
Pfalzel, a town of France, in the
department pf Sarre, lately of Ger-
many, in the decorate of Treves. It
has a convent, which was formerly a
palace of the kings of the Franks, and
is feated on the Mofelle, three miles
NE of Treves.
Pfeddersbeinii a town of France, in
the department of Mont Tpnncrre,
lately of Germany, in the palatinate of
the Rhine; feated on the river Prim^,
five miles w of Worms.
PfeffikoUi a town of Swifllerland, in
the canton of Zurich, 12, miles £ of
Zurich.
P/ettir, a town of Bavaria, on a
river of the fame name, near its conflux
with the Danube, 14 miles e by s of
Ratiibon.
PforUn, a town and lordlliip of
Lufatfa, 10 xm\i.i s of Guben.
Pform/ieim, a town of Suabia, in the
margravate of Baden-Durlach, with a
caltle. It has a trade with Holland in
wood, and manufadlures of cloth,
itufTs, (lockings, jewellery, and watches.
It is feated on the £ntz, 15 miles i. I)y
s of Durlach.
Pfrelmbty a town of the palatjoatc of
Bavaria, with a caftle, feated at the
conflux of the Pfrcimbt with the N.ib,
lomiles E of Ambttrg.
PfuUendorf, a town of Suabia, feated
on the Andall'patch, 22 miles n by e of
Oonftance.
P/ullingen, a town of Suabia, in the
duchy of Wirtemburg, eight miles >e
of Tubingen.
P//c/jA«r^, a fortified town of France,
in the department of Mcurtc, S5 miles
WNw of Strafburg.
Phanagorat or Taman, a town of
Ruffia, ill the province of Caucafus,
with a ftrong foit. The ruins dill fliow
that it hasYormerly been large <uid mag-
Bificent. It i« feated on a gulf of the
PHI
Black fea, 70 miles e by N of Caffa.
Lon. 36 40 E, lat. 4( la n.
Pharoi, a finall ifland in the Medl-
terrhnean fea, oppofite Alexandria, in
Egypt, the fpace between which and
the continent forms an extenflve har-
bour. It has a communication with the
continent by a flone caufeway and
bridge It formerly had an exceedingly
high tower upon it, called the Pharos,
and on the top of it were lights for the
direAion of mips. Lon. 31 11 E, lat.
30 24 N.
/V;<irz<7, anciently Phnrfalia, a town
c^ European Turkey, in Janna, famous
for the decifive vidory gained by Julius
Cefar over Pumpey. in 48 b. c. It irf'
an archiepifcopal fee, and feated oo the
linipeus, 10 miles s of LarifTa.
P/iasis. See JUioiii-
Philadelphia, a city of Afiatic Turkey,
in Natolia, feated at the foot of the
mountain Timoltis, in an extenfive
plain. The Greeks retain its ancient
name, but the Turks call it Allabijaht
It contains 11,000 inhabitants, among
whom are 2000 Chriftiana, who have
four churches, and a Greek arcbbifhop.
It is 40 miles ese of Smyrna. Lon. 28
15 E, lat. 38 28 N.
Philiidelphia, the capital of Pennfyl-
vania, iivd formerly the metropolis of
the United States of America, fituate in
the county of its name, on the w bank
of the Delaware, which is here a mile
broad. It was laid out by William
Pcnn, the firft proprietary of the pro-
vince, in 1683, and fettled by a colony
from England ; and was increafed by a
conflant influx of foreigners to fo great
a degree, that in lefs than a century,
and in tke lifetime of the firft perfon
born in it of European parents, it was
computed to contain 6oco houfes and
40,000 inhabitants, in the city and fub-
urb«. The population has been con-
ftantly increafing, and in 1802 it was
eftimuted to contain 70,000 inhabitants.
The original plan was an oblong fquare,
on the illhmus between the Delaware
and Schuylkill rivers, one mil.^ from s
to N on the former and two from e to
w on the latter. But the Delaware
front has been preferred, iind the build-
ings now occupy a fpace nearly three
miles in length, and in the mott extend*
ed part do not reach a mile from the
Delaware. The Itreets interfeft cich
other at right angles ; the principal one
is Broad-ftreet, 113 feet wide, running
N and s, which is crofled by High-flreet,
100 feet wide, extending from river to
river ; the other l\rcet8, in general} are
■-•^■^
PHI
i;o feet willed they arc all pnvedt and
nave |t»'03d Wicked footways, with
piiinps on each [idtt at about loo yards
from each other, with u lamp on tlic
tup. It it governed by a mayor, h.is 26
places of public wurfliip fur Chrillians
of VftKkpus denominations, and a fyna-
898^>*>%r the Jews. The Itatehoufe is
a^iqi^gnmcent building ; on the left of
which is a city couit-houfu, and on the
t\i^\U philofb^jhical ball. Here like*
'Wife is a county court- houfe, a public
■ library, and fevcral other public build -
. ings. A ynivetfUy was incorporated
■j|r U*re in 1791; its funds partly given
by the ftate, and partly taken from the
old college. This city was vifitcd by a
malignant fever in Augud 1793, which,
in the courfe of three months, carried
off nearly ,<;ooo of the inhabitants. It
ia 1^7 mill's ^w of Ncv' "i'oik, and r^o
Nfc of VValli.ngt'n, l!;t' prefcnt metro-
polis-. Lop. 75 8 w, J u, J9 57 N.
Philipt i>t- a town of Spain. See Xa-
tiva. ■
PluUp, St. a town of Brafil. See
Louu de Mamiinont St.
Philip Islands, two iflinds in the
Pacitic ocean, difcovefed by captain
iTunter in 1791- They are five miles
afiinder, but almnft joined by a fandy
fpit, wliicli reaches, for about two
thirds of the diltance, from the eaftern-
moft ifland to the moft wefterly, which
laft is the fmalleft. 'i hey are covered
vith fhinibs, have few tall trees on them,
and the land is low. Lon. of the eaft-
ern ifland 140 3 E, lat. 8 6 s.
Pbilipopoli, a city of European Tur-
key, in Romania, and an archbifhop's
fee. It is of confidrrable fize, but
meanly built, and chicPy inhabited by
Greeks. It (lands on the MaiilTa, jjo
iniles »w of Adnanople. Lon. 24 50
E» lat. 4 a 25 X. (
P/iHippevilley a fortified town of
France, in the department of Ardennes.
It was anciently called Corbigny, and
received its prcfent name in honour of
Philip II of Spain. It is 16 miles n of
Rocroy.
Philippic a town of European Tur-
key, in Mat A.ionia, and an .iichliifliop's
fee. Near this plact;, commonly called
the Pldns of Phiiippi, Caltius and Bru-
^ tus were defeated by Auguftiis and
Mark Antony, in 4a b. c. It is greatly
decayed, but an amphitheatre and fe-
vcral other monuments of its ancient
grandeur remain. It is 60 miles e of
Salonica. Lon. 24 18 K, lat. 40 40 n.
Philippine, a ftrong town of the Ne-
tjicrlands, iu plaadeis. It \Ya3 takea
, PHI
by the French in 1747, reftored in
1748, and again taken in 1794. It Ib
feated on an arm of the Scheldt, 15
miles N by w of Ghent.
Philippine Islandj, a Mrge group of
iHands in the N Pacific ocean, difcover-
cd by Magellan, in 15 21, and afterward
conquered b^ the Spaniards, iu the
reign of Philip 11. They lie 400 milei
sb of China, and are faid to be noo in
number, but fome hundreds of them are
very fmall. The principal are, Luco-
nia, Mindanao, Panigoa, Samar, Mnf«
bate, Mlndoro, Luban, Panay, Leyta,
Bohol, Zebu, Negros, St. John, and
Abyo. This cxteHfive grouji pvcA-iits
many volcanic appearances, an;! 1 > rub-
jtdl to violent eaithijuakes, thiaucler,
and rains. The air is l.of and m^lft;
and the foil is tVrtile in rici>, hivail-tVuit,
and many other ut'eful vcgetaJjk'S .Tnd,
fiuil;;. "i\\K cotton iaof peruliar beauty,
and the fugar-canc and cocoa-nut trees
are objedts of particuLir culture. Tlie
trees are always green, aid t)jcre are
ripe fruits all the year. There are a
great many wild heidts and birds, quite
unknown in Europe ; alio many noxious
and venomous creatures, and evi-n herbs
and flowers that are poifonuus. Gold,
copper, and iron are among the certain
produds. The natives .ire not all of
one original ; they are affable, hofpita-
ble, and honeft, and cultivate the land
with abundant fkill. The principal
tribe ai*e called Tagals, and feem or
Malay origin. They are tall and well
made^ of a tawny complexion, and
wear only a kind of fhirt and loofe
drawers ; but the drefs of the women is
chiefly a large martle, and their black
and beautiful hair is of great length.
The houfes are of bamboo covered with
palm leaves, raifed on pillars to the
height of nine feet. The chief food is
rice, cocoa-nuts, and falted fill). See
Ljiconin,
Philips Norton, a town in Somerfet-
fliire, with a market on Thurfday, fevcn
miles s by E of Bath, and 104 vv of
London.
Philipsbtirg, a town of New Jerfey,
in Suflex county, lituate on the river
Delaware, oppofite Eafton in Pennfyl-
vania, 41 miles nw of Trenton.
Philipsburg, a town of New York,^
in Dnchefs county, near which is a
mine that yields virgin filver. Itftands
on the E fide of Hudfon river, 28 miles
N by E of New York.
Philipsburg, a town and fortrcfs of
Germany, in the late bifhopric of Spire,
confidered ai one of the bulwarks o£
..«*,.
reftorwl in
x794> It is
Scheldt, 15
;e group of
in, difcover-
d afterward
rds, iu the
ie 400 miles
> be 1 1 00 in
ni them .ire
are, Luco-
am.ir, JMaf-
wy, Leytn,
Jolin, and
up pvcfcnts
an; I I J Tub-
'•>, tiitinder,
and moift ;
hii';ui-tVuit,
etabk'S and
liar beauty,
)ariut trees
luri'. Tlie
d t))crc are
"hero are «^
birds, quite
iny noxious
1 even herbs
lis- Gold,
the certain
not all of
Ie, hofpita-
|te the land
principal
feem o^
and well
Kion, and
and loufe
women is
heir black
at length.
vered with
s to the
f food is
iifli. See
Somerfetr
day, fevcn
04 vv of
w Jerfey,
the river
Pennfyl-
•
w York,^
lich is a
It ftanda
28 miles
rtrcfs of
of Spire,
varks o£
PIC
the empire. The fwampt round it add
greatly to its ftrength. It was taken by
the French in 1934, when the duke of
Berwick was kUled at the fiege ; but it
was reftored tKfyear following, by the
treaty of Vienna. In 1799, it was four
times blockaded by the French repub-
licans, without fuccefs. It now belongs
to Baden, and is feated on the Rhine,
17 miles v of Durlach.
Philipstadt, a town of Sweden, in
Wermeland, feated in a mountainous
country, abounding in iron mines, be-
tween two lakes, and watered by a ri-
vulet. In 1775, it was deftroyed by
fire, but has been rebuilt. It is 22 miles
NB of Carllladt, and 160 w by N of
Stockholm.
Philipstoivrif a borough of Ireland,
and the capital of Kings county. It is
40 miles w of Dublin. Lon. 7 3 w,
lat. 53 18 N.
I'iacenza, or Ptacenza, a fortified
town of Italy, capital of a duchy, in-
cluded in that of Parma, and a bilhop's
fee, with a good citadel, and a celebrat-
ed univcrfity. The churches, fquares,
llreets, and fountains, are beautiful. The
inhabitants, about 30,000, have fcarcely
any other employment than the manu-
fa(^ure of iiik ftuft's. At this place, in
1746, the Auftrians gaiikd a decifive
viitory over the Spaniards and French.
In 1796, the French took poiiedion of
Piacenza; were forced to evacuate it
in 1799; but regained it in 1800. It
is of greater extent than Parma, and
feated in a well-cultivated country, near
the river Po, 38 miles WNwof Parma.
Lon. 9 38 E, lat. 45 5 N. See Parma,
Pianezzay a town and caftle of Pied-
mont, feated on the Dora, fix miles w
of Turin.
Pianosa, an ifland of Italy, off the
coaft of Tufcany, lix miles s of that
of Elba. It is level and low, as the
name imports. Lon. 10 34 e, lat. 43
46 N.
Piavg, a river of Italy, which rifes
on the frontiers of the principality of
Brixen, and flows by Cadore, Belluno,
Feitri, and through the province of
Trevifo, into tlic gulf of Venice, 16
miles NE of Venice-
Piazza, a town of Sicily, in Val di
Noto, fituatc almoft in the centre of the
ifland, 38 miles w n w of Lentiai.
Picardi/, a late province of France,
bounded on the n by Hainault, Artois,
and the ftraight of 1 >over, k by Cham-
paigne, s by the Ifle of France, and w
by Normandy ami the Englifh channel.
It now fbrmsthe d,epartment of i^umme.
PIE
PulghUnt. See PiznigJbMme,
Picktrlngt a town in N YoiMlim,
with a market on Monday. It hid a
ftrong caftle, now in rnjns. 4t it 46
miles NE of York, and aaj N byw of
London.
PickersviUty a town of S Cai^fni, ill
Pendleton county, capital of Waihiog-
ton diltrid, 5a miles wnw -df Cadk-
bridge.
Picoy one of the Azores, or WcAhn
iflands. It has a volcanic mountain^
called Pico, about 8000 feet in per-«
pendicular height from the furface of
the fea to the Uimmit of the peak : oa
i^ lides am numerous craters, and
feveral of them are now almoft co»>
cealed by trees. The laft eruption of
the peak h.ippened in 1718, and de-
ftroyed feveral vineyards. The ifland is
about 80 miles in circumference, and
produces a great deal, of wine. Lon.
28 26 w, lat. 38' 29 V.
Pictou, a imall ifland, between that
of St. John and the continent of Nova
Scotia, at the e end of Northumberland
ftrait. Lon. 62 15 w, lat. 45 50 n.
Picts IVall, in England, a famous
barrier againft the Piifls, of which fome
fmall remains are left. It began at the
entrance of Solway frith, in Cumber-
land, and pafling e by Carlifle, was
continued acrofs the ifland to Tyne-
mouth.
Pidaura, a town of European Tur-
key, in the Morea, the ancient Eptdau*
rus. It is fituate on the w coaft of the
gulf of Engia, 25 miles E of Napoli di
Romania. Lon. 23 22 e, lat. 37 40 n.
Piedmont, a late principality of Italy,
15c miles long, and 90 broad ; bounded
on the N by Vallais, k by the Milanefe,
.s by the county of Nice and the ter-
ritory of Genoa, and w by France and
Savoy. It includes the duchy of Mont-
fcrrat, and contains many high moun-
tains, among which are rich and fruit-
ful valleys, as populous as any part of
Italy. In the mountains are rich mines
of feveral kinds, and the forefts afford a
great deal of game. The principal
rivers are the Po, Tanaro, Sturia, and
Doria. This country has a great trade
in raw (ilk ; and it produces alfo corn,
rice, wine,^iits, hemp, flax, and cat-
tle. It lately belonged to the king of
Sardinia, and the capital was Turin.
But this country, with that portion of
the Milanefe, lying w of the river Tefiii,
and the duchy of Parma, are now an-
nexed to France, and divided into fijt
departments ; namely, Ivrea or Doirc,
xvurengo, Po or Eridan, Sefia; 8tura»
PIN
and Tanaro^tof which the cliier towns
are ](ir«a, Alexandria, Turin, Vircclli,
Cotiu and Aiti.
PitHwii A town of Tufcany, in the
8iMUiof«, aj mile* se of Vienna.
Pierre^ iit. a fmall illaiid near New-
foundland, ceded to the I'rcnrh in i;^:)!
for drying and curiiw their tifli. They
were di|bo{n>ired of it by the Englifli in
i^dj* Lon. ^6 o w, lat. 46 39 N.
'FMfft -St- a town of Martinico,
Atuate on a round bay, on the w coaft,
15 miles NW of Turtroyal. Lon. 61 ii
u', lat' 14 44 N.
PifTre U Moutier, St. a town of
France, in the department of Nievrc,
leatcd in a bottom, iurroimdcd by
mountains, and near a lake, 15 mtlea NW
of Moulins, and i.^o s of Pariii.
Pietro, St- an idand in the Mediter-
ranean, 1.^ miles long and three broad,
uear the t>w coafts of "Sardinia, taken by
the French, in 1793. but retaken foon
after.
Pignerol, or Pincrola, a town of
Piedmont, formerly foriifitd, but now
only furroundcd by a wall. It is fcated
on the Clulbn, 18 miles sw of Turin.
Pi/grattit a town of Bohemia, in the
circle of Bechin, at the fuurce of the
Iglan, a8 miles k of Tabor.
Pillau,a ft-aport of Pruflia, on the Bal-
tic. The harbour is good, and it is well
fortified, bcingconlidercdasthebulwai k
and key of the kingdom. Here is a maga-
zine for military Acres ; and below the
gate of the caftlc is a ftore cquedrian
ttatue of Frederic William the great.
The ftreets ar? broad and ftraight, and
the houfes built in the Dutch tafte.
It is so miles w by s of Konigfberg,
of which it is the port. Lon. ao 20 £,
lat. 54 38 N.
Pilnitx, a town of Upper Saxony, in
^lifnia, with a royal palace ; celebrated
for a treaty entered into by the princes
of Europe againft France in 179a. It is
feven miles se of Drefdcn.
Piijen, a town uf Bohemia, capital of
a circle of the fame name, which is par-
ticularly rich in iheep, and noted for
ekcellent cb(%fe. It is fortit^ed, and well
built, and feated at the conflux of the
Kadbuza and VValta, 55 miles sw of
Prague. Lon. 15 39 e, lat^||9 42 n.
P'tlsno, or Pilzoiv, a tow^of Poland,
in the palatinate of Sandomir, fuated on
the Wilfake, 50 miles ssw of Sandomir.
Piltenf a town of Courland, capital
of a fertile diftrift of the fame name ;
feated on the river Windau, n miles
ifvw of Goldingen.
PtHciney, an inland diftri^ of S Ca-
P I O
rolina, comprehending the countlei of
York, Cheilcr, Union, and Spartan-
burg.
rinckneyvllUt a town of S Carolina,
in Unior. county, cap|||l pf Pinckney
dif\riw*t. It ii fititate on Broad river, at
the influx of t!ie Pacolet. 75 miles nw
of Columbia. Lon. Bi 40 w, Ut. 34
5» N.
Pinett I lie of, an ifland in the S Pa*
ciiic ocean, uif the s end ot New Cale-
donia, 14 inile.iiii length. It is quite a
pointed hill, Hoping toward the extre-
mitifs, which are very low ; and on the
low land are many tall pine trees. Lon.
167 38 K, lat. ii 38 8.
Pinetft a town ot France, in the de-
partment of Aube, 12 miles enb of
rn)ye8.
Pin^kingi or Ping yuftif a city of
China, of tne firft rank, in the province
of K^>ei-tcheou, 9,'{o miles ssw of Pe>-
king. Loll 142 28 K, lat. a6 38 n.
Ping-liati^, a city of China, of the
firll rank, in the province of Chen-fi ;
leated on ihe river Kiii-ho, 530 miles
sw of P«king. Lon. 106 25 e, lat. 35
.15 ^■•
Pinoel, a ftrong town of Portugal,
in Beira, capital of a territory of the
fame name. It is feated on theCua, s8
miles N by w of Guarda. Lon. 640
w, lit. 4046 N.
Pinneie'i^, a town of Lower Saxony,
in the duchy of llolii'cin, capital of a
K)rd(h'p, with a caltlc. It is feated on
the Owe, i/; utiles nw of Hamburg,
and 16 SE of GluckAadt.
Pinost an idaud of the W Indies, on
thos fide of Cuba, 25 iniieslong and 15
broad, mountainous, and covered with
pines. Lon. 82 33 w, lat. 22 2 N.
Pimkt a town of Lithuania, in the
palatinate of Brzefc 'I'here are many
Jews among the inhabitants, and the
Greeks have a bilhop. The chief ma-
nufacture is drefling Ruflian leather. It
is furrounded by morafles, and ftands
on a civer of the f<)me name, 95 miles
E of firzefc. Lon. 26 20 R, lat 5 a
18 N.
Piombino, a fmall principality of
Italy, on the coaft of Tufcany, to which
was annexed the ifland of Elba, fepa-
rated by a channel feven miles broad. .
It had its own prince, under the pro-
tection of Naples ; but the continental
part now belongs to Etruria, and the
ifland to France.
Piomiinof a feaport of Italy, capital
of the principality of the fame name.
It has a good harbour, defended by a
citadel, and is feated cfti a peninfula, 40
mill
Ut
Benl
andl
thef
ed
dif
gard
P
P I s
mika ssK of Leghorn. Lon. to 23 i,
Ut4»57M.
Piptrno, a town of Italvi in Campag-
na di Romot bniH out ot the ruint of
the ancitrnt IMvemum, and fcatcd on
a mounuin* nine milea nnw of Tcrra-
cina.
PtpUjft a town of Hindooftan, in
ficnical, whioh formerly hud EngUfli
and Dutch faAories. It is feated on
the Siibanrveku. not far from its mouth,
53 miles s of Midnapuur.
Pirano, a fmall feaport of Iftria, feat-
ed on a pcninfula, fix milcH sw of Capo
d'Iftria.
Piritz, a town of Fuilhrr Pomerania,
witcre the ancient dukes of Pomerania
often rcfided. It is fc-ated near the lake
Maldui, 12 miles » by w of New Star-
gard.
Pirmasens, a town of France, in the
department of Mont Toiinere, lately of
Germany, in the duchy of Deux Ponts.
Near this place, in 1793. the French
were deteatfd hy the Prufllans. It is
13 miles a of Deux Ponts.
Pima, a town of Upper Saxony, in
Mifnia. It has a caftle on a mountain,
called Sonnendein, which was almoft
dtftroyed by the Prufiians in 1756 and
1758, and is now an afylum for invalids.
Sec It is a placi' of confiderable trade,
fituate on the Elbe, iz miles se of
Drefden.
Pisa, a city of Tufcany, capital of
the Pifano, and an archblHiop's fee,
with a famous univerfity, and three
forts. 'I'he river Arno runs throtigh
Pifa, and over it are three bridges, one
of which is condrui^ed of marblo; and
there is a canal hence to Leghorn.
This city formerly contained 100,000
inhabitants, but there are not at prefcnt
above 22,900, fo that grafs grows in
fome of the ftreets. The manufacfturcs
conlift of ftet'l, jewellery, embroidery,
damaiks, velvet, tatfeta, and calic^.
The cathedral is a magniflcont (truc-
ture, and on the right fide of the choir
is a leaning tower, much noticed by
travellers. There arc upward of 80
more churches, and that of St. Stephen,
belonging to an order of knights, is de-
ferving of notice. The othw remark-
able buildings ;^re the palaces of the
grand duke and archbiihop, the arfenal,
the great hofpital, and the magnificint
exchange, which lad is almult i'upertlii*
ous, as the trade of Pifa is nmoved to
Leghorn. To the n of the city arc ce-
lebrated baths, confttudted at the ex-
pence of the hofpital of Pifa; and the
revenues arifmg from them are appio-
priated to the hofpital. This city v\ as
PI
poiTeflfed and evacuated by the Frtnch
rijniblican*, in the fame mannokju that
ofLegkorn. It is feated in a fertiw plain*
at a fmal) diftance from the Medttcrri-
nean, 1 1 miles hnr of Leghorn, ani \x
w by s of Florence. Lon. i« ag ■» w.
43 4.^ K. . ■
Pisaaat a territory of Tufginy, If ing
w of the Florentino, on the Mediterra-
nean. It is 47 miles lon^ and t$ broaif 1
abounds in com, oil, wine» ani^ it-.welt
cultivated ; but fome Af the necclRnrtcs
of life arc dear. Pifa is the capital. .
Piicadores. See Pong'bou.
Piuataqua, a river of New Hamp-
(hire, the month of which forms the
only port in that Itate, and at ita en-
trance is a lighthoufe in lon. 70 41 w,
latr. 43 4 N.
Piscatanvai/, a town of Maryland, in
Prince George county, on a creek of its
name, which flows w into the Potonuc»
14 miles s of Wafhington.
Pisc9, a town of Perui in the audience
of Lima, with a good road for (hips. It
is (i-ated in a country fertile in excellent
fruits and good wine, 140 miles ssE of
Lima. Lon. 75 $k w, lat. i j 36 s.
PheA, a town or Bohemia, capital of
the circle of Prachiii. Bohemian dia-
monds are found here. It is feated on
the Wotawa, near its conflux with the
Muldau, 58 miles ssw of Prague. Lon.
14 O K, lat. 49 21 N.
Pisfiour- See Peishere-
Pistoia, a city of Tufcany, and a bi-
ihop's fee, with a citadel. There are
fcveral fine churches, magnificent pa-
laces, and handlume ftreeta; but it is
almuil deferted, in compurifon to what
it was formerly. In the neighbouring
mountains, which are a part of the
Apennines, are mines of copper and
cryftals. It is feated near the river Stel-
la, so miles kw of Florence. Lon. 11
29 K, lat. 43 55 N.
Pitcaithly, a village of Scotland, feat-
ed in a fequeftered vale, Ave miles s of
Perth. It is noted for its mineral
wiiters, which have been long famed in
fcorbutic complaints, and has good
accommodations for invalids. «
Pithoy a feaport of Sweden, in W
Bothnia, feated on a fmall iOand, at the
mouth o£4he Pitha, in the gulf of Both-
nia. It nTjoinod to the continent by a
wooden bridge, and is ^s miles N ne of
Uma. Lon. 20 58 e, lat. 65 15 n.
Pithiviers. See PluvUrs.
Pitsehetty a town of Silefia, in the
principality of Brieg, on the fi-outiers
of Poland, 30 miles ne of Brieg.
Pitteri'voeem, a borough of Scotland,
in Fifelhirei with a harbour on the fritti
LA
•ffortli. In tBI^icinity ire coil miiwi
and riltworkiril ia lo miles » by b of
yt> AnAvw*
tHttfhvrg, I town of N Cirolinn, chief
of Chitbim county. It is famous for
pare lir and water, and flands on a
rifinff ground, in a rich and well culti«
wted country, i6 miles w of Rilcgh.
Pittthurgt a town of Pennfylvaiiia,
capital of Allegany county, iituatc on
a point of land between the rivers Alle-
f any and Monongnbela. It is the ftapic
of commerce for Philadelphia, with the
vreftem country, and alio for the nu-
meroos eftablimments formed on the
two rivers above mentioned, which
here unite and take the name of Oiiio ;
and by this river and the MifTiflippi, it
has a trade with lx>uiltana and New
Orleans. Here was Fori Du Quefne,
which was abandoned by the French in
1 758, on the approach of general Forbes,
and its name chaneed to Fort Pitt ; but
it is now gone to aeca-, . Fort Fayette,
a recent ftrudture, ftands on the hank of
the Allegany. Here are maniifadlures
of glafsi nails, hats, and tobacco ; and
ihip-building is pradlifcd, to a confider-
flble extent. It is 300 miles w by n of
Philadelphia. Lon. 80 8 w, lat. 40 at n.
Pitts^eU, a town of MafTachufcts, in
Berkfhire county, fituate i; a rich vale,
on the Houfatonic, 38 miles w of
Northampton.
Pitutoivn, a town of New Jcrfey, in
Hunterdon county, on the w head
waters of the Kariton, 32 miles n of
Trenton.
Pittstotwrtt a town of the diftridt of
Maine, in Lincoln county, fltnate 011
Kennebec river, %i miles n by w of
Wifcaflet.
Pittfa, a town of Peru, capital of a
jurifdi(!lion of the fame name. "This
was the firft Spanifh fettlcment in Peru,
and founded in i r.^ i. It is a^ miles se
of Paita. Lon 80 29 w, lat. 5 15 s.
Pkzzifihetore, a fortified town of Ita-
ly, in the Cremonefe, with a ftrong
caflle, in which Francis 1 of France was
kept prifoner. It was taken by the
French in 1733, again in 1796, and re-
taken by the Auftrians and Ruilians in
1799. It is fituate on the Adda, 10
miles Nw of Cremona. j&
Pizzo, a town of Naples, m Calabria
Ulteriore, on the gulf «)f St. Fufemia,
four miles w by n of R^onte Leone.
Piacentia, a town of Spain, in Eftrc-
madura, and a bifliop's fee, with a caf-
tle. ' It is feated in a plain, almoft fur-
rdunded by mountains, 50 miles ne of
Alcamtara, and iro~ wsw of Madrid.
loi^i ^5 w, lat 40 6 N.
FLA'
•P/aetntkit a town of Spain, tn Bifciiy,
feated on the Deva, « j milei a by a of
Bilboi. .
Plaeentia^ a feaport of Mwfoundland,
on the E fide of a large bafen the s part
of the idand. The harbour is capaCioun,
and defended by a fort, called St. Louis.
It is 60 miles wsw of St. John. Lon.
53 Aj w, lat. 47 15 K.
Plaeen%a. See Piaetnta.
Plainficldt a town of ConneAicut, i«
Windham county, on the a fide of the
Quinabang, 10 miles ese of Wind<
ham.
Plant a town of Bohemia, in the cir>
cle of Pilfcn> with a caftlef 20 miles s£
of Egra.
Piassfv, a town of Hindooftan, in
Bengal, Teated in a plain, memorable
for a great vidlory obtained by colonel
Clive, in 1757, over the nabob Surajah
Dowlah. It is 2^ milca s of Moor-
fhedabad.
Plata, or Chuquuaeat a rich and po-
pulous city of Peru, capital of the iu«
dience of Charcas, and an archbifliop'a
fee, with a univerfity. The cathedral
is large, and finely adorned with paint«
ings and gildings. It is feated on the
Chimao, 600 miles SR of Cnfco. Lon.
66 34 w, lat. 19 16 8.
Plata, or Itio dela Plata, a large river
of S America, formed by the union of
the great rivers Parana and Uraguay.
It was difcovered, in 1515, by Juan
Diaz de Solis, a Spanifh navigator, who
was llain by the natives, in endeavour-
ing to make a defcent in the country.
It forms the s boundary of Brafil, and
enttrs the Atlantic between the capes
of St. Anthony and St. Mary, the latter
in lat. 35 s. it is 150 miles broad at its
mouth ; at Monte Video, 60 miles up
the river, the land is not to be difcerned
on either ihore, when a veffel is in the
middle of the channel; and at Buenos
Ayros, 160 miles higher, the oppofite
ftiore is not to be difcerned from that
city. This river has many iflets and
flioals, which caufe adverfe currents,
and render its navigation intricate.
Plata, a province of Paraguay, on
the sw of the river Plata. It is fubjeft
to Spain, and at Buenos Ayres, the ca-
pital, a viceroyalty was edablifhed i;i
1776. See Paraguay AnA Peru.
Plate, a town and caftlc of Further
Pomeiania, on the river Rega, 19 miles
E by s of Camin.
Platten, a lake of Hungary, 60 miles
to the SE of that of Ntulidlcr. It is 46
miles in length, from three to eight in
breadth, and aboimds with fifli-
Platten, a tofwn of Bohemia^ in the
•trel
niitl
chi«|
Chal
the I
tie,
%o
P\
cipil
has
and
ofDl
v{
Thui
in the
PLU
oircle of Saal«i« on the frontier! of M if-
nUt 14 miles m of EInbogcn.
Piatt $burg, a town of Newf York*
chUf uf ClintoA county, fituate on Lake
Cbainplaia* ja»tlilet n ot Crown P.iint.
Plau, a town of Lower Saxuny, in
the duchy of Mrcklcnbiirg» with a caf-
tie. Tented an .1 lake of the lame name,
ao milea asa of Guilrow.
Plauen, a town of Upper Saxony,
capital of Voigtlandi with .1 caftlc. It
haa confiderabln cottou nMnufa^iires,
and ie (rated on the Elder, 80 milt-8 sw
ofDrelden. Luti. i :; ra k, liit. 50 a8 >f.
PlautH, A town oi" U('P«'r S><}iony, in
Thuringia, with an ancknt caftle on a
mountain, fcated on tht- Cera, 15 mile§
s of Erfuit.
Plaufit, a town cf Dratdcnburg, in
the Miildl«; m»rk, on a lak<> formed by
the Havel, from which is a canal to the
Elbe. It has a manufadture of porce-
lain, and is five miles wnw of Branden-
burg.
PUieof. See Pikof.
PUfheyt a village in Eflex, feven milea
KNW of Chelmsford. It wna the feat
of the lord high cunftablc of England,
from the inftitution of that ofTicc to the
year 1400- On the iite of his caftle is
now a brick farm-houfe.
Pleise% a town of Siiefia, capital of
a lordihip, with a fine cadle. Jt is fur-
rounded by walls flanked with towers,
andfeated on the Viflula, 36 miles ese
ef Ratibor. Lon. 193 e, lat. 49 57 n.
Plettenbergt a town of Weftphalia, in
the county of Mark, with an ancient
caftle ; fituate on the Elfe and Oefter,
£S miles s of Ham.
Pleyberg, a town and caftle of Ger-
many, in Carinthia, feated on the Feif-
tez, at the foot of a mountain, 30 n^iles
I of Clagenfurt.
Plotzkot a town of Poland, cnpital of
a palatinate of the fame name, and a
biikop's fee, with a caftle. It is featcd
on a hill, near the Viftula, 75 miles nw
of Warfaw. Lon. 19 29 e, lat, 5z 46 n.
Plocnt a town «f Lower Saxony, in
^ the duchy of Holftein, capital of a
prinripality of the fame name. It has
a caftle on a mountain, and is feated on
the 2) ftde of a lake, 34 miles knw of
Lubec. 'Lon. 10 30 E, lat. 54 11 n.
Ploermel, a town of France, in the
department of Morbihan, zj miles ne
of Vanncs.
Plotzkauy a town of Upper Saxony,
in the principality of Anhalt, with a
caftle; feated on the Saale, 10 miles w
of Cqtjijen.
PluJenz, a town of Germany, in Ty-
rol, capital of a lordfiiip of its name.
It ii feated on a plaio, m the rim Ik
I a miles ssi of Feldkiien.
Plumjteadt a town of P«nnfylna)aa
in Bucks county, feater^ on I)ctefHU«
river, 36 miles m of PhiladelphiA.
Piuvitrj, or PitbMtrtt a town of
France, in the department of lAiret^ 40
miles NNfc of Orleans.
Piymoutbt a borough and (baport I»
Devunihire, governed by a majror, vritb
a m.irket on Monday, ThuHday, and
Saturday. It is feated at the mouth of
the Plym, and, next to Portfmouth, it
the moft coniiderable harbour in Enj^
land for men of war. There are, pro-
pcrly fpeaking, three harbours, called
Catwater, Sutton Pool, and Hamuasc*
The firft is the mouth of the Plyni, and
a commodious harbour for merchant
fliips, but is fcldom entered by fliipa of
war. The fecond. frequented by mer-
chant fliips only, is almoft furrounded
by the houfes of the town, and further
fecured by an cxtcnfivi; pier. The third
is the mouth of tj\e Tamar, and is the
harbour for Urge fliipg, having moor.
ings for 92, and good anchorage for a
much greater number. Tbefe harbours
unite m a capacious bay, called the
Sound ; and their entrances are defend^
ed by a fort on St. Nicholas ifland, by
a citadel nearlj^ oppofite to that ifland»
upon a hill which overlooks the town^
and by feveral batteries and block-bouftf.
on different points of the harbour, Sc«
Plvmoutb'dock. Near the citadel is the
Vidtualling Office, an extenfive range of
buildings; in which are two bakebpufiesy
each containing four ovens, that in one
day can bake a fufficient quantity of
bread for 16,000 men. The fiflieryfor
pilchards extends no further E than tbi».
port, whence great quantities are px-
ported to Italy and other catholic
countries. Plymouth contains two
parifh-churches, is governed by »'
mayor, and carries on a confiderable
foreign and domeftic trade. 1'he num-
ber of inhabitants in iSoi was 19,040. It
is well Aipplicd with frefb water, firft
brought here, from a place feven miles
'off, by the famous fir Francis , Drak^. .
It is 4.3 miles sw of Exeter, and ai6 v
by s of London. Lon. 4 7 w, lat. 50
31 N.
Plymouth^ a feaport of MaiTachufets,
capital of a county of the fame name.
It is the firft fettlement in New Eng-
land ; and the rock on which their fore-
fathers firft landed, was conveyed^ in
1774, from the ftiore to a fquare in the
centre of the town.^ The principal
bufinefs of the place is the cod-fifl)ery»
in which are employed aooo tons f^
PO
Ihipi^iig. It ift fituate on the r end of
Plymouth bay, 42 miles ssf. of Bofton.
Lon. 70 45 w, lat. 41 58 n.
Plymoutht a town of New Hampfhtret
in Grafton county, fituate oa tlie Pe-
migewaflTet, at the mouth of Baker
river, 45 miles n of Concord.
Plymouth, a town of N Carolina, on
the 8 fide of Roanoke river, four miles
above Albemarle found, and 2.9 ssw of
Edenton.
Plymouth'doekt the largeft town In
Devonftiir;, fituate two miles nw of
Plymouth, on an eminence between
Stonehoufe Ci-eek on the e, and Ha-
moar.e on the w. It is of modern date,
and owes its origin, and rapid increafe,
to 1.1'- cfiabliflimont of the dock-yard
an'.'. Jiaval arfenals along the e bank of
Ilamoaze. The king's dock- yard is one
of the fined in the world, occupying
near 72 acres, and having all the con-
veniences for buildiv/g and fitting out
fliipsofwar: it is feparated from the
town by a high wall, and both are de-
fended by ftrong fortifications. The
governor of Plymouth now refides here,
in a handfome houfe overlooking the
tarbour from a rocky eminence. Near
it are fix fquares of barracks ; and about
half a mile diftant are military hofpitals
for the fick. The town contains one
church, two chapels (a third in the
dock-yard) and feveral meeting-houfes.
The market -place is large, and a mar-
ket, though not chartfTcd, is held three
times a week. Its trade and popula-
tion, in time of war, is very con lider-
able; in i8oi, the number of its inha-
bitants was 23,747, exclufive of the
xnilitaryand peilbns belonging to the
havy.
Flympton, a borough in Devonfhire,
governed by a mayor, with a market
on Saturday- It had once a calUe, now
in ruips; and is one of the ftannary
towns for ti\i. It is feated near the
Plym, feven miles E of Plymouth, and
218 w by s of London.
Plynlimmonj a vaft and lofty moun-
tain of Wales, partly in Montgomery-
fliire, and partly in Cardiganlhire. The
Severn, the Wye, and other rivers, have
their fource in this mountain.
Po, the principal river of Italy, which
has its fource at Mount Vifo in ritcl-
mont, flows thnnigh Montferrat, the;
Milanefc, and the Mantuan ; thence on
the borders of the Parm'-fai), and a part
of the Modencfe; pwd having enteied
the Ferrarefe, it divides at Ficljerulolo,
ai' ' ""ntera the gulf of Venice by four
piincipnl moutiis. In its courfe it re-
ueives fevoral livers, ^ind often overRows
por .
it! banks, as moft of thofe rivers dr«
fcend from the Alps, and are increafed
by the melting of the fnow. It gives
name to a new departntfnt of France,
including part of PiedOMnt, of which
the capital is Turin.
Po, a river of China, in the province
of Kiang.fi, which runs into the Po-
yang-hou, a fnriall difliance from Jao-
tcheou.
Pocilittj^torif a town in E Yorkflure,
with a market on Saturday, feated on
a ftream that runs into the Derwent,
14 miles E of York, and 194 n by w of
London.
Podenstelny a town of Franconia, in
the principality of Bamberg, near the
fource of the Putlach, 30 miles se of
Bamberg.
Pndlacb'iat a province of Poland, 88
miles long and 30 broad; bounded on
the N by Pruflia, e by Lithuania, s by
the palatinate of Lublin, and w by that
of Mafovia. It is alfo called the palati-
nate of Bielik, from the capital.
Podolioy a province in the se part of
Trtland, wrefted from that country by
the emprefs of Ruflia, in 1793. The
Dnieftcr feparates it from Moldavia on
the sw ; and the Bog croffes it from the
N in a SB direction. It is divided into
the palatinates of Podolia and Brncklaw.
Kaminieck is the capital of the former,
and Bracklaw of the latter.
Podolsk, a town of Ruflia, in the
government of Mofcow, 28 miles s of
Mofcow.
Podor, a fortrefs of Africa, on the
river Senegal, built by the French. It
was ceded to the Engliih in 1763, but
afterward taken by the Frepch, and
confirmed to them by the peace of 1 783.
Lon. 14 20 w, lat. 17 1 n.
Pojfgio, a town of 'I'ufcany, with a
handfome palace, eight miles se of
Florence.
Pogffioionzi, n town of Tufcany,
with the ruins of a citadel, feated near
the Elfa, 20 miles s of Florence.
Poggyy an ifland in the Indian ocean,
on the iv fide of the ifland of Sumatra,
and feparated from the n end of that of
Naflau by a narrow channel. It is tri-
angular, and about 20 miles in length.
Lou. 99 30 E, lat- z so s.
Poirino, a town of Piedmont, 14
miies SE of Turin.
Poissy, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Seine and Oife, feated near
the foreft of St- Germain, 15 miles nw
of Paris.
Poiiifi-j, a town of France, capital of
the department of Vit-nne, and a bi-
Ijiop's lee. Its population is not in
14
tpital of
d a bi-
not in
P O L
proportion to its extent; for it includes
a number of gardens and fields within
its circuit. It has feveral Roman anti-
quities, particularly an amphitheatre,
partly dvmoliibed; and a triumphal
arch, which ferves as a gate to the great
ftrcet. Here, in 1356, Edward the
black prince gained a vi,r^ory over the
French, taking prifoners king John and
bis fon Philip, whom he brought to
England. The principal mannfadtures
arc ftockings, woollen c^ps, (ilovcs, and
combs. It is feated on a hill, on the
river Clain, 52 miles sw of Tours, and
120 N by 8 of Buurdeaux. Lon. o ai
E, lat. 46 35 N.
Poitou, a late prtwinco of Franco,
bounded on the n by Brctapne, Anjoit,
and Touraine, e by Touraine, Berry,
and Marche, s by Angoumois, Sain-
tonge, and Aunis, and w by the bay of
Bifcay, It is fertile in corn and wine,
and feeds a great number of cattle, par-
ticularly mules. It now forms the three
departments of V«;ndec, Vienne, and
Two Sevres.
Pola, a (Irong feaport of Iftria, and
a biftiop's fee. Here are large renaains
of a Roman amphitheatre and a tri-
umphal arch. It is ftatcd on a moun-
tain, near a b.iy of th(. j^'ulf of Venice,
38 miles 3 of Capo d'llhia. Lon. 14
■9 E, lat. 45 13 N.
Polarult acounfi-y of Europe, bound-
ed on the N by Pruffia, Courlaud, Li-
vonia, and Ruflia, w by the Baltic,
Brandenburg, and Silefia, s by Hunga-
ry and Moldavia, and e by Kuflia and
the territories wrefted by that power
from the Turks. It is divided into four
principal parts, Great Polaiul, Little
Poland, Red Kutlla, and Lithu;inia;
each of which Is fubdividtd into p.ilati-
nates, or provinces. Pdand has now
no political exigence as a nation, being
divided among the neighbouring ftat<;s.
The government was nion.irchial and
ariltocratical; all the at5ts of ftat'^ being
in the name of Hu* king and rep;iblic of
Poland. The king w.-.s tlip only c!cd>ive
fovereign in Einope : ucing chofen by
a general diet fummoned by the arcli-
bifliop of Gnefna, as chiff of the repub-
lic during the interregnum. This cir-
ciimft.tnce prov<\l the fource of great
calamities ; for, on tiie demife of every
fovereign, the country was g«neral!y in-
volved in a w.'r, belween contending
fadions, refpediv^ly Inpportcd by fo-
reign powers, in r''7i, a pjirtition of
this country, projevite<l by the king of
PrufTia, was effected liy llvnt monarch,
in conjuniftion witlj tl ? •.niinefh of Ruf-
PO L
this partition, one third of the {Country
was wrefted from thre republic, the diet
being compelled, by a foreign force, to
make and to ratify this important cef-
fion. The three partitioning powers,
moreover, forcibly effcfled a great
change in the coaftitution. In 179 1,
however, the king and the nation, in
concurrent?, almoft unaninoufly, and
without any foreign interventioi^ efta-
bl.flied another conftitutiou. By thfs
the evils of an eletHive monarchy were
avoided, the throne being uwlarcd he-
reditary in the houfe of Saxony. The
rights and privileges of ill orders in the
republic (the king, the noblr s, Ih-i eiti-
zens, and the peafants) were alike equi-
tably confalted ; and it feemed to he
formed agreeably to the univerfAl wifh
of the nation. A few of the nobility,
however, difcontented at the generoui
facrifice of fome of their privileges, re-
paired to the court of Rnllia; and their
reprefentations concurring with the am-
bitious views of the emprefs, ftie fent an
a*my into Poland, under pretext of
being guarantee of the conftitution of
1772. Her interference was too power-
ful to be refifted ; and this tiew confti-
tutiou was overthrown. But the prin-
cipal oh]K'&. for which the Ruffian army
entered Poland was not yet attained.
The emprefs had plaimed, in conjunc-
tion with the king of Pruffia. a fecord
partition of this country, which took
piaec in 1793. Such multiplied op-
predions at lalt roufed the fpirit of thft
nation. General Kofciulko appeared,
in 1794, at the head of a Polilh army,
to afFert the independency of his coun-
try, and to recover the provinces wreft-
eil trom it. lie was fucc;'fsful, at firft,
againfl the king of Pruffia ; c'lt was de-
feated and taken prifoner in the <ec|uel,
by the Runians, who foon after too^v the
capital, Wavfaw. The ki-.j} furinol^T
religned his crovvn at Grodno in 1795,
and was afterwaid rem'jV(?d to Pcterf-
bnrg, where he remaitied a kind of Itate
prifoner, till his death in 1790. Tb»-
whole of the country was djvided
among the three partitioning powers.
Auftria had Little Poland, and the
greateit part of Red Ruflia and Podo-
lia, which is now called the kingdom of
Galicia ; Prullia had Great Poland, Po-
lifli P'uflin, a ijrall part of Lithuania,
and Polachia; and RidHa had Siimo-
gitja, the remainder of Lithuania, Vol-
hinia, and Podolia. The towns of Po-
land are for the nioft part bnilt with
"'ood ; and the villnpea c\)iilill of mean
es, ov htits. The coiintiv is lb
uf- cottap
fia and the emperor u4 Oounany. By fertile in corn iu many placis, that it
POL
fupplie* Sweden and Holland with
large quantities, and it has extenlive
panuics. Peat, ochre, chalk, belcm-
nites, a^ate, chalcedony, cornelians,
onyxes, jafper, rock cryftals, amcthyfts,
garr.ets, topazes, fapphires, and even
rubies and diamonds ure found in Po-
land i alfu talc, fpar, lapis calaminaris,
coal, iron, lead, and quickfilvcr. Here
is much leather, fur. hemp, flax, fak-
petre, alum, manna, honey, and wax ;
and there are mines of fait, of a great
depth, out of which is dug rockfalt.
Horfes are numerous, very ftrong, fwift,
and beautiful ; and horned cattle are
bred in fuch numbers, that above 80,000
are driven every year out of the coun-
try. The principal rivers are the Dnie-
per, Villula, Bug, Nienicn, Dnieftcr,
and Bog.
Poliron, See Poolorton.
Polesiot a name commonly given to
the palatinate of Brzefc, in Lithuania.
Polejiito, a province of Italy, in the
duchy of Venice; bounded on the N"
by the Paduano, e by the Dogado, s
by the Ferrarcfe, and w by the Vero-
nefe. It is 42 miles long and 17 broad,
and fertile in corn and paftures. Rovi-
£0 is the capital.
Poli St. a town of France, in the de-
partment of Pas de Calais, noted for its
mineral waters. It is 16 miles nw of
Arras.
PoUcandro, an ifland in the Archipe-
lago, one of the Cyclades, 20 miles in
circumference. Here are a few villages,
a caftle, and a harbour; but it connds,
in general, of barren rocks ;ind moun-
tains. It lies between Milo and Paros.
Lon. 25 31 E, lat. 36 32 N.
Po/icastro, a town of Naples, in Prin-
cipato Citeriore, feated on u guif of tiie
fome name, in the Mediterranean, 8,:;
-on.
1540
t, hit.
Riiles su. of Naples.
Polignano, a town of Naples, in Ter-
ru di Bari, feated on a craggy rock, near
the gulf of Venice, 1 6 miles E of Bari.
Poligny, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Jura, feated on u rivulet,
ao miles ssw of Befan^jon.
Polina, a town of European Turkey,
in Albiuiia, x 2 miles s of Duraz/o.
PalitZ) a town of Hither Pomerania,
celebrated for its hops, eight miles .v of
Stettin.
PoHtxka, a walled town of Bohemia,
in the circle of Chrudim, on the fron-
tiers of Moravia, 23 miles i>£ of Chru-
dirti.
PoUzzit a town of Sicily, in Val tli
Mazara. at the foot of the mountain
Mauoniaf 3,0 miles sx of FalcroMi,
POM
Po/iotvitZt a town of SilcRa, in th*»
principality of Ologau, 13 miles a of
Glogau.
PolhchhavjSi a town of Scotland, in
Renfrowihire, on the rircr White Cart,
four miles wsw of Glafgow.
Polno, a town of Further Pomerania,
on the river Grabow, ^8 miles ese of
Colberg.
Polorcf a town of Hindooftan, in the
Carnatie, 26 miles ssw of Arcot, and
55 NW of Poudicherry.
PcJotjk, a goverHmcnt of RuHia,
formed of part of a palatinate of Li-
thuania, difnicmherod from Poland by
the treaty of partition in 1772. Its
produfls are chiefly grain, hemp, flax,
and pafture; and the forefts furnifli
great abundance of mads, planks, oak
for iliip-building, pitch, tar, &c. which
are chiefly fent down the Dwinato Riga.
Polotskt a ftrong town of Ruflia, ca-
pital of a goTernment of the fame name,
feated on the Dwina, at the influx of
the Pblota, 50 miles sw of Viteplk.
Lon. 27 50 E, lat. ss 43 n*
Polten, St. a town of Auftria, the re-
fidence of a great number of the nobi-
lit; . The adjacent country yields ex-
cellent faffron. It is feated on the Dra-
fam, 35 miles w of Vienna. Lon. 15
41 E, lat. 48 13 N.
Poltzlny a town of Further Pomera-
nia, near which are medicinal fprings
and baths. It is 33 miles se of Colberg.
Pohjnesiay a teim applied by fomo
geographers to thofe numerous iflands
in the i?acific ocean lying e of the Phi-
lippines and Autlralafia; jncluding the
Pelew, Ladronc, Caroline, Sandwich,
Marquefa, Society, and Friendly ifles
and others within the circuit of thofe
groups.
Poinbalt a town of Portugal, in Eftrp-
madura, 16 miles nk of Leiria, and :.\
s of Coimbra.
Pomi'i^ue, a fmall ifland in the Mtdi-
termncan, near the coaft of France, nt
tht; entrance into the harbour of Mar.
feiiles, defended by a tower, with agar-
rilbn.
Pomeraninf a duchy of Germany, in
the circle of Upper Saxony; bounded
on the N by the Baltic, e by PruHiu
and Poland, s by Brandenburg, and w
by Mecklenburg. It is watered by fc-
vend rivers, of which the Oder, Recl.r-
nit7. Peine, Uckcr, Rega, Perlimte,
Wippor. ihiin, Stolpcn, and Leho, .^re
the molt coiilidtiable. Thcairisprcity
cold, bi'.l compenfatcd by the fertility
ol" the foil, wfiich abounds in pnftun.'S
and corn, of which a groat deal is ex-
porled. It i* ^ fiat country, tontaiaiiig
many I
feveral
long a|
Oder
PON
many lakes, wooilst anc lorefts, and has
fcveral go<xl harbours. It is 250 miles
long aittl 75 bioad, and divided by die
Oder !nto Hilher and Further Fome-
rauiu. TKe latter, and part of Hither
Pom rania, lately belonged to the king
of Piufli.i, and the remainder, n of the
Poene, to the king of iSwcden. Stettin
and Stralfnnd are the chief towns.
Pomerelia, a diftrid oF W Piuffia,
extending w fronr. the river Viftiila, to
the duchy of Pomerania, of which it
was formerly a part. Dantzic' is the
capital.
Pom/ret, a town of Conncdtlcit, in
Windham county, la miles nn., of
Windliam, and 40 e bV n of Hart-
foni.
Pomona, or Mainland, the principal
of the Orkni'V illands, 24 miles long and
from fix to ten broad j but interfe<?led
by numerous arms of the fea. The
general appearance of this conntry is
much the fame as the Mainlai.a of
Shetland ; but the foil is more fertile,
and in fime parts better cuitivatud.
Kirkwall is the capial. Sic Orkneys.
Pondkherry, a town of Hiiidooftan,
in the Carnatic It was firft lettled by
the French in 1674; and previoully to
the war of 1756 was a fine city. It ex-
tended along the fea-coaft above a mile,
was three quarters of a mile in breadth,
and had a citadel, then the beft of its
kind in India. This city was taken by
the Englifli, in 1761, and immediately
razeil. in retaliation nf M. Lally's con-
duct toward Fort St. David, in 1758.
It was reitored in 176.5 ; t.iken by the
Englifh in 1778; reitored in 178.:^; and
again taken by the Knglilh in 1793. It
is 85 miles s by w of Madras. Lon. 79
5,^ K, hit. II 41 N.
Potidico, a fmall uninhabited ifland
of the Grecian Archiptlago, near the
ccaft. of Negrojiont.
Ponferrado, a town of Spain, in
I-eoii, on the river Sill, 40 miles iw of
Leon.
Pong-hill, or Pisaidorpt, a clufter of
inaiuls in the China fta, which lie
about iix leagues from- the w coaft of
the ifland of Formofa. Thry arc only
faiid banks or r^cks ; and not a llirub
is to be feen upon them. Tlie harbour
of Pong-hou is good, and was fortified
by the Dutch, while they weic mafters
of Formofa. A Chinefegarrifon is kept
lii.ri;, with one of the mand.irins called
literati, whofe chief employ is to watch
the trading veflels between China and
Formofa. Lon. lai a5 E,lat. 25 50 n.
PonSf a town of France, in the de-
parlmcut of Luwer CharentCi with a
PON
mineral fpring; feated on a hill, near
the liver Sevigne, 10 miles s of Saintes.
Pons, St a town of France, in the
department of Herault, and lately a
bifhop's fee. It is feated in a valley
furrounded by mnnnt.ains, in which arc
fine marble quames, 24 miles n of
Narbor.ne. Lon. a 47 t, lat. 43 29 k.
Pont de CArche, a town of France,
in the department of Eure, feated on
the Seine, 18 mil(;s n of Evienx.
Pont Aiidenier, a town (;f France, in-
the <lepartmcnt of Eure Icated on the
Rille, 23 miles wsw of Rouen, and 38
^^ of Evrcux.
Pont de Qimare, a town of France,
in thed(par;nu'iit of Avfiion,ctlebr.'<ted
for its miiicral waters, 40 miles sse of
Rodez.
Pont dc Ce, a town of France, in
the department of Mayenne and Loire,
feated on the Loire, three miles s of
Angers.
Pont VEveque, a town of France, in
the dt.-partmcnt of Calvados. It is a
trading place, feated on the Touque,
four miles fron. the fea, and 40 wsw of
Rouen. Lon. o 10 k, lat. 49 17 n.
Pont du Card. See Gard.
Pont Cibaut, a town of France, in
the department of Puy de Dome, 10
miles VVNW of Clermont.
Pont a Mousson, a town of France,
in the depar'mcnt of Mtiirte. Jt had
once a nniv, liily, which was removed to
Nancy in 1768. There were lately fe-
veral religious houfes, and the premon-
ftrnntes had a magnificent clmreh here.
It is leated on the Mofelle, which di-
vides it into two parts, 14 miles nnw
of Nancy •
Pont. St. Es/'rif, a town of France,
in the departuufTt of Card, on the
river Rhone. Hire is one of the fineft
biidges in Europe, conliflinrr of 19
greai and four finall arches. " o facili-
tate the padage of the water in time of
floods, apertures art made through each
pier, hx feet above the comm(?n level
of the river; and to Hem the -apidity
of the river, the bnV'gf is not built in a
right line, but in a curve. This paf-
fage is defended by a eitaf!cl, within
wl'.ich is the church of tht- Hoiy Spirit,
projeding into the river. Pont St. Ef-
prlt is 17 miles s of Viviers, and 55 NE
of Montpellitr. Lon. 4 40 1;, lai. 44
IJ N.
Pont St^ Maxenee, a town of Frarice,
in the depart nntmt of Seine and Oiic,
feated on the Cife, five miles n of ben-
lis. "
Pont 41^ Seine, a town of France, in
the depare»tCBtX>f Aube, with a caftle,
Nn
TO N
fpated on the Seine, 17 miles nw of
Troyes, and 55 si; of P.i.is.
Pont dc Vaitxy a town of France, in
the department of Ain, feated on the
Rdbuzt', near its conflux with the Saone,
eijrht miles s of Macon.
Pont de Fesle, a town of France, in
, the department of Ain, with manufac-
tun s of ItiifFs and tapL-ftry ; feated on
the Vcne, la miles w of liourg.
Pont sur Tame, a town of France,
in thp department of Yonne, feated on
the Yonne, eight miles nw of Sens.
Ponta Delj^ada, a feaport of St. Mi-
chael, one of the A/orcs. It is defend-
€id by a citadel, and contains about
8000 inhabitants. Lon. 25 40 w, lat.
37 45 ^'•
Pontarlier, a town of France, in the
department of Donbs, with a ftrong
caltle on a mountain. It is feated on
the river Doubs, and the frontiers of
Swiflerland, zz miles w of Ncuchatel,
and 30 SE of Befan^on. Lon. 6 26 e,
la<. 46 $«, N.
Pontcroix, a town of France, in the
department of Finifterre, 15 miles w of
Qnimper.
Ponte, a town tof Piedmont, at the
conflux of the Soano and Oreo, 19 miles
KNTW of Turin.
Ponte de Lima, a town of Portugal,
in Entre Douero e Minho, feated on the
Lima, over which is a magnificent
bridge, i' rr.iles nw of Braga. .
Ponte Stura, a town of Piedmont,
jji Montferritt, at the conflux of the
Stiir.i and Po, four miles wsw of Cafal.
Ponte Fedra, a town of Spain, in
Calicia, near the mouth of the Loris, s6
miles N of Tuy.
I'oriteha, or Ponte Impenah, a town
of Germany, in Carinthia, feated on the
Fella, over which it has a bridge to
Ponteba Voneta, a fniall town of the
province of Friuli, in Italy. It is ao
miles NNW of Friuli, and 25 sw of Vil-
Inch.
Pontefract, a borer .gh in W York-
fhirc, governed by a mayor, with a
market on Satui driy. It is fituate in a
very rich foil, and noted for its large
plantations of licorice. Its caftle, now
in ruins, has been the fcene of various
tragical events in the Englilh h'flory ;
{larticularly the murder of Richard 11.
t is 22 miles sw of York, and 174 n nw
of London.
Ponti'land, a village in Northumber-
land, on the river Blythe, fcven miles
NE of Newcaflle- It was a Roman
Itation, called Pons iElii ; and here, in
1244, a peace was concluded between
krnr; Hi »n<i the kin;; Qf ScotlHUd-
POO
Pontiana, a river of Borneo, vvhioli
enters the ocean by feveral mouths^ at
the w fide of the ifland, under the equi-
no(5lial line, where the Dutch have a
faftory.
Pontivi/, a town of France, in the
department of Morbihan, with a linen
manufadure ; feated on the river Blavet,
25 miles N of Vannes.
Ponto'tse, a town of France, in the
department of Seine and Oifc, with a
caftle. In 1435, the EngliOi took it by
flratagcm; and Charles vix retook it
by ftorm in «442. The parliament of
Paris was transferred to this place in
1652, 1720, and 1753. It is feated on
an emincncei near the Oife, 27 miles
N w of Paris. Lon. a 6 e, lat. 49 3 n.
Pontorson, a town of France, in the
department of Manche, on the river
Coefnon, with a tide harbour, 10 milcg
ssw of Avranches.
Pontremoli, a town of Tufcany, with
a ftrong caftle; feated at the foot of
the Apennines, on the river Magra, 55
miles NNW of Pifa. Lon. 9 40 e, lat.
44 25 N._
Pontrieu, a town of France, in the
department of Cotes du Nord, on the
river Trieu, 20 piilesNw of St. Brieuc.
Pontypool, a town in Monmonthfliire,
with a market on Saturday, and a ma-
nufafture of japanned ware. It is
feated between two hills, on the river
Avon, 15 miles sw of Monmouth, and
149 w by N of London.
Ponza, a fmall ifland in the Mediter-
ranean, near the coaft of Naples, at the
entrance of the gulf of Gaeta ; contain-
ing a town, haibo'.., and ccnfiderable
falt-works. Lon. 13 10 e, lat. 4053 n,
Ponzone, a town of Piedmont, in the
duchy of Montferrat, 10 miles s of
Acqui, and 18 n of Savona.
Poo/e, a borough and feaport in Dor-
fetftiire, with a market on Monday
and Thurfday. It is a county of itfelf,
governed by a mayor, and fituate on a
peninfula projefling into a capacious
bay, jwhich branches into many creeks,
and forms I'everiil ijlands. The h«rbour
admits vellels of moderate fize only;
but for them it is very fecure. Poole
rofe into fome confequence, when the
ancient town of Warcham fell into >le-
cay. The principal branch of buhntis
here is the Newfoundland fifliery. It
has alfo a large importation of denli
from Norway, a general commerce wil li
Amexica and various parts of Europe,
and a finecoafting trade, particularly in
corn and co«l. Near the mouth of the
harbour is an oyfter bank, from which
vaA quantities are carried, to be fiittuned
' Borneo, which
vend moutha, at
, under the equi-
: Dutch have a
' France, in the
an, with a linen
the river Bla vet,
France, in the
nd Oifc, with a
iglifti took it by
J VII retook it
e parliament of
:o this place in
It is feated on
Oife, a; miles
E, lat. 49 3 N.
■ Fr.nnce, in the
2, on the river
irbour, lo miles
F Tufcany, with
at the foot of
river Magra, 55
an. 9 40 E, lat.
France, in the
1 Nord, on the
V of St. Brieuc
*Ionmoiithfliire,
day, and a ma-
ware. It is
Is, on the river
lonmouth, and
'n the Meditcr-
Naples, at the
taeta ; contain-
id confiderable
E, lat. 40 53 iV,
edinont, in the
10 miles s of
na.
eaport in Dor-
; on Mondaf
nunty of itfelf,
d fituate on a
o a capacious
) many creeks,
The hiirbour
ite fize only;
ecure. Poole
nee, when the
m M\ into ile-
ch of buliiiefj
id fifliery. It
ition of deali
ommerce with
ts of Europe,
sarticulariy in
mouth of the
r, from which
tobefattuned
P O R
in the creeks of ElTex and the Tfiames.
Poole is 40 miles wsw of Winchefter,
and 105 w hy s of London. Lon. i ^9
w, lat. 50 43 N.
Pooloroon, or Poleron, one of the
Banda iHands, 100 miles se of Am-
boyna. Lon. 130 o e, lat. 4 20 s.
Poo/oivoj/, one of the Banda iflands,
on which the Dutch have a regular pen-
tagon, called Fort Revenge.
Poona, a town of Hindooftan, in Vi-
flapour, and the capital of the Weftern
Mahratta empire. It is not largf, and
entirely defcncelefs ; the chief feat of
power being at Poorunder. It is 100
miles SE of Bombay. Lon. 73 55 k,
lat. 18 30 N.
Poorunder, a fortrefs of Hindooflan,
in Vifiapour, feated on a mountain, 18
miles Est of Poona. It is the place of
refuge for that capital in cafe of an in-
vafion ; and here the archives of govern-
ment are kept.
Poote, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Mayenne, fix miles vvsw of
Aleii^on.
Poi>a Mad re, a town of Terra Firm a,
with a cohvent and chapel of the Virgin,
to which the Spaniards in thofe parts
go in pilgrimage, cfpecially thofe who
have been at fea. It is feated on a high
mountain, 50 miles e of Carthagena.
Lon, 743a w, lat. 10 15 n.
Popayan, a province of New Gra-
nada, in the w part of that kingdom.
A chain of barren mountains runs
through the country from n to s ; and
the foil near the fea is flat, marlhy, and
often flooded by the rains.
Popayan, the capital of a province of
that name in New Granada, and a bi-
ftop's fee, with a univerfity. The trade
is confiderable, and the inhabitants are
eftimated at 25,000. It (lands in a
large plain, 230 miles wsw of St- Fe de
Bogota, and 240 ne of Quito. Lon. 'j^
5 J w, lat. 235 N--
Popedom. See Ecclesiastical State.
Poperitifrhe, a town of the Nether-
lands, in Flanders, on a river of the
fame name, fix miles w of Ypres.
Popo, a kingdom of Guinea, on the
Slave coaft. The inhabitants have
fcarcely any houfes to dwell in, befide
the king's village, which is in an illand
in the midft of a river. The chief trade
is in flaves. Lon. 2 33 e, lat. 6 18 n.
Pora, an ifland in the Indian ocean,
on the w coaft of Sumatra, 54 miles
long, and from nine to i a broad. Lon.
98 30 E, lat. I 10 s.
Porcah, a town of Hindooftan, in
the country of Travancore, taken from
the Dutch by the En^lifli in 1795. It
PO R
is 85 miles nw of Travancore. Lon. 7$
20 E, lat. 9 15 N.
Porchester, a village in Hampfliire,
four miles n of Portfmouth, at the
upper end of the hurbour, between
Fareham and Portfea ifland. It has an
ancient caftle, which has ferved, of late
years, for the reception of prifoners of
war. and ordnance ftorcs.
J'orccf a town of Peru, capital of a
jurifdidtion in the diocefe of Plata. It
has its name from a mountain, rich in
filvcr, and its mine was the fii ft worked
by the Spaniards after the conqucft.
It is 25 miles wsw of Potofi. Lob. 67
so w, lat. 19 40 s.
Porcuna, a town of Spain, in Anda«
lufia, 22 miles nw of Jaen.
Porentriii, a town of France, capital
of the department of Mont Terrible.
It lately belonged to Swillerland, and
was the capital of the bi(hopric of Baf^I.
It is feated on the Hallan, nfar Mount
Jura, 24 miles wsw of Bufel. Lon. 7
10 E, lat. 47 27 N.
Porlock, a town in Somerfetfiiire,
with a market on Thurday, and a trada
in coal and lime. It is feated on a bay
of the Briftol channel, fiirrounded by
hills, 14 miles n by w of Dulverton, and
170 w of London,
Porrogoug. See ParO'
Porselou, a rich and commercial town
of the kingdom of Siam. It is fur-
rounded with fourteen ballions, and
fituate on a large river, 300 miles n of
its mouth in the gulf of Siam. Lon. 1 00
a E, lat. 17 48 N.
Port Baltic. See Rogeravici.
Port Desire, a harbour on the B
coaft of Patagonia, where fliips fume-
times touch in their paflage to the Pa-
cific ocean. Lon. 67 f,6 w, lat. 47 50 s.
Port EgmoHt, one of the fineft har-
bours in the world, on the nw coaft of
Falkland Iflands, difcovorcd by com-
modore Byron in 1765. The whole
navy of England might ride here in per-
fed fecuiity from all winds; and every
thing for the refrefliment of fliips is to
be obtained here in abundance. Lon.
.55 ow, Iat.51 27 s.
Port Pianqais, a harbour on the w
coaft of America, difcoverod by Pcroufe
in 1786. It is of a circular form, not
to be fathomed in the middle, and bor-
dered by peaked mountains, of an ex-
celfive height, covered with (how. Tht?
liativea on this coaft are defcrihed as
the moft compU'te thieves, pcirefled of
an atJlivity and obllinacy capable of
executing the moft diflicult projetfls.
Skins were found here in great abund*
ance, particularly thofe of the fea elter
Nn %
FOR
In this harbour is a fmall ifland. Lon.
137 30 w, lat. 5837 N.
Port Glasgo<w, a town cf Scotland,
in Renfiewlliire, near the mouth of the
Clydi', eri'<5lc«l in 17 10, to fcive as the
port of the- city of Glaf^jow, whole
rn.igiftrat^s appoint a bailiff for its go-
T(.'inin!*nt. The harbour is txcollent ;
and there ar>' extenfive waiehoufi'S on
the quay, belonging to the Glafgow
mi'rchiints. Contiguous to the tortrn,
and near thf flions ftarids the caftle of
Newark, a Itrongly fortified edifice.
It is four miles k of Greenock, and jo
w by N of Glafgow.
Port Jackson, a bay and harbour on
the coafl of New S Wales, 13 miles n of
Botany bay. The cap(.s that form its
entrance are high, rugged, and perpen-
dicular cliffs; and the harbour is one
of the nobleft in the world, extending
14 miles in length, with numerous
creeks or coves. The name of Port
Jackfon was given to it by captain
Cook, who obfervL'd it in failing along
. the coaft Sec Sydney,
Port Louts, a ftrong town of France,
in the department of Morbihan, with a
citadel and a good' harbour. It is a
ftation for part of the Fiench navy, and
the E India Company's (hips ; and
Hands on the extremity of a peuini'ula,
at the month of the Blavet, 27 miles w
of Vannt'?. Lon 3 18 w, lat. 47 40 n.
Port Mahon See Minorca.
Port Puix, a town on the n coaft of
St. Domingo, with a good harbour, op-
pofitethe illand of Tortue. Lon. 73 a
w, lat. 19 58 N.
Port Patrick, a feaport of Scotland,
in Wigtonfliire, confined l>y the fca on
one fide, and on the other by over-
hanging rocks and hills. It is nearly
oppofite Donaghadee, in Ii eland, from
which it is only zo rnih s diflant ; and
a packet boat fails heiK-e !or that place
every day. The harbour is good ; and
has one of the fincft qmys in Great
Btifain, with a reflecting lighthoufe. It
is 28 mil«!> w of Wi;,'ton, and 107 sw
of Edinburg. Lon. 5 3 w, lat. 54
58 N.
Port Penn, a town of Delaware, in
Nr-wcaftle ct;unty, with a li-cuie har-
bour, oppolite Reedy ifland, in the
river. Delaware. It is the rtndizvous
of outward bound fhips, waiting fi>r a
favoral)l(; wind, and 56 miles bf'Iow
Philadelphia.
Port an Prince, a feaport of St Do-i
Tningo, fcated on a hay on the w lide
of the ifland, of which part it is the ca-
pital in time of peace, and a place of
coufiderable trade- It was nearly burnt
FOR
down In 1 791, by the rerolting Negros,
and was taken by the Englifli and roy-
alifts in 1794. Lon. jz 10 w, lat. it
40 N.
Port Poseivay. See Shelburne.
Port Roi/al, a feaport cf Jamaica^
once a conhdtrable town, abounding in
riches and irade. In 1691, it was de-
ftroyed by an earthquake, in 1702 by a
fire, in 1722 by an inundation of the
fea, and in 1744 by a hurricane. After
thefe extratrdinary calamities, the cuf-
tomhoufe and public offices were re-
mtived.and no market fuffered to be held
here in future. It now confifts of about
200 houfes, built on a neck o*' land
which juts out feveral miles into the fea,
and is guarded by a ftrong fort. The
harhour is deep, and 1000 fliips may
ride therein, fecurj from every wind.
It is fix miles, acrofs the bay, ssw of
Kingfton. Lon. 76 45 w, lat. 18 o N.
Port Royal, a town of Virginia, irj
Caroline county, with three churches;
fituate on the Rappahannoc, ss miles
SK of Fredcrielburg, and 58 above
Urbanna.
Port Royal, an ifland on the coaft of
S Carolina, feparated from the neigh-
bouring continent by an arm of the fea,
called Broad River, which forms the
moft commodious harbour in the ftate,
at the town of Beaufort.
Port St. Ann. See Killough.
Port St. Julian, a harbour on the E
coall of Patagonia, where iliips ufoally
touch that are bound for the Pacific
ocean. Lon. 68 44 w, lat. 49 10 s.
Port St. Mary, a feaport of Spain,
in Andalufia, on the bay of Cadiz. The
principal trade is in fait. The Englifli
made a defcent here in i/oa, with a
delign to bciiege Cadiz, but without
fuccefs. It is 10 miles ne of Cadiz.
Port sur Saone, a rown of France,
in the department of Upper Saonc, on
the river Saoue, eight miles NW of Ve-
fonl.
Port Tobacco, a town of Maryland,
chief of CharlcS county, fituate on a
cr-ek of its name, which enters the
Potomac four miles below the town.
In its vicinity are the ceh brated cold
waters of Mount Mifcry . It is 30 miles
s (it VVa'hington.
Port yendre, a town of France, in the
depart inent of Eaftern Pyrenees, with a
fmall harbour on the Mediterranean,
defended by two forts. It was taken
by the Spaniards in 1793, but retaken
the next year. It is 25 miles sse of
Pcrpignan.
Portadown, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Armagh, with a linen ma-
ting Negroj,
lifti and roy-
w, lat. It
Iburne.
of J;imaica»
iboundiiig in
t, it was de>
in 1702 by a
ation of the
:ane. After
it's, the ciif-
:es were re-
ed to be held
lifts of about
pck o*' land
1 into the fea,
f fort. The
3 fliips may
every wind,
bay, ssw of
lat. i8 o N.
Virginia, in
:e churches;
jc, js miles
1 58 above
the coaft of
1 the neigh-
n of the fea,
1 forms the
ill the ftate,
ur on the e
lips ufually
the Pacific
49 10 s.
of Spain,
Cadiz. The
he Englifli
;oa, with a
Hit without
)f Cadiz.
of France,
Saonc, on
N\v of Ve-
Maryland,
tiiate on a
enters the
the town.
Mated cold
is 30 mile*
ince, in the
ees, with a
iterranean,
was taken
ut retaken
iles ssE of
ind, in the
linen ma-
PO R
nufaflure ; fituate on the river E-nn, i6
miles N of Newry.
PortaUgret a ftrong town of Portu-
gal, in Alentejo, and a bilhop's fee.
It has a manufaduie of woollen cloth,
and is feated at the foot of a high
mountain, 30 miles n of Elvas.
Portar!inf(t6n, a borough of Ireland,
partly in Kings and partly in Queens
county, feaicd on the river Barrow, 31
miles N of Kilkenny, and 36 sw of Dub-
lin.
Portic't, a village four miles ese of
the city of Naples, on part of the fite
of ancient Hcrculaneum, near mount
Vefuvius. Here is a palace of the king
of Ntples, enriched with a vail number
of fine ftatues, and other remains of
antiquity, taken out of the ruins of
Heiculaneum.
Portland, a peninfula in Dorfetfliire,
conneifled with tite mainland by a ridge
of pebbles, called the Chcfil Bank, ex-
tending above feven miles up the sw
coaft. Between this bank and the
mainland, is a nlarrow arm of the fea
called the Fleet. Portland Ifle is four
miles long and two broad, furroutided
by inacccflible rocks, except at the
landing-place, at the Nw end, where
there is a ftrong caftle, called Portland
Caftle, built by Henry viri. Thi? pe-
ninfula is noted for its freeftone, which
is ufed for building the fineft ftruitures,
and about 9000 tons of it are annually
exported. It lies on the sw fide of
Weymouth bay, and its s extremity is
called Portland Point, on which is a
lighi.ioufe. Lon. a 27 w, lat. 50 31 n.
Portland, the capital of the diftridt
of Maine, in Cumberland county, with
a capacious harbour, defended by a fort,
a citadel, and a battery. It was almoft
laid in allies by the Britifti fleet in 1775,
but has been entirely rebuilt, and has
three churches. It !.•? fituate on a pro-
montory in Ctfco bay, with a Lghthoufe
at the entrance of the harbour, 123
miles NNE of Boftun. Lou. 70 30 w,
lat. 3 40 N. '
Portland Islands^ a clufter of fmall
iflands in the Pacific ocean. They are
low and covered with wood; and the
centre one is in lon. 149 8 e, lat. 2 38 s.
PortOi a fortified town ot Italy, in
the Veroncfe, feated on the e fide of
the Adige, oppofite Legnago, ao miles
ESK of Verona.
Porto, a fmall feaport of Italy, in the
patrimony ot St. Peter, and the fee of a
biftiop, who is generally a cardinal, and
dependent only on the pope. It is
feated on the w fide of the Tiber, lo
miles sw of Rome.
P O R
Portt). Sec Oporto.
Porto lielloy a feaport of Terra
Firma, on the n coaft of the ifthmu? of
Darien, nearly oppofite Panama on the
s coaft. It is a very unhealthy place;
and the country around it fwarms with
toads and other reptiles in the rainy
feafon. Before the abolition of f'c
trade by the galleons, in 1748, and th«
introduction of regifter (hips, this place
waft the great mart for the rich com-
merce of Peru and Chili. At the f<;a-
fon when the galleons were ex^edted,
the produd of all the flHes, and other
valuable commodities, M thofe coun-
tries, were fcnt by fea to Panama, and i
thence conveyed acrof-i the ifthmus,
partly on mules, and Dartly down the
river Chaprc, to PorfiP Bello. The
town ftands clofe to the fea, on the GJe
of a mountain that furroui'ds the har-
bour, which is fafe and coi^modious.
It was taken, in 1742, by adfniral Ver-
non, who demoliftied the fortifications;
but it ha- fiuce been ftrongly fortified.
It is 60 miles n by E of Panama, and
300 w of Carthagcna. Lon. 79 50 vy,
lat. 9 33 N.
Porto Cabello, a feaport of Terra
Firma, on the coaft of Caraccas. It has
a good harbour, defended by forts, and
is 70 miles w by s of St. Jago de Leon.
Lon. 67 32 E, lat. 10 31 N.
Porto Farino, a feaport of the king-
dom of Tunis, to the vv of the ruins of
Carthage, and 30 mi'es N of Tunis.
Lon. 10 16 E, lat- 37 12 N.
Porto Ferrajo, a feaport on the N
fide of the iOe 01 Elba, with a good har-
bour, defended by two forts. It is
feven miles sw of Piombino, on the coaft
of Italy. Lon. 10 17 e, lat. 4a ^$ N.
Porto Fino, a fmall ftaport on the
coaft of Genoa, with a fort, fituate
between two mountains, 15 miles SE of
Genoa.
Porto Galete, a town of Spain, in Bif-
cay, feated on a fmall bay, 12 miles nw
oi Hi I boa.
J'orto Greco, a town of Naples, in
Capitanata, near the gulf of Venice, nine
miles s of Viefti.
Porto Gruaro, a. town of Italy, in
Friuli, feated on the Lcma, 15 miles W
of Marano.
Porto ilercole, a fmall feaport of Italyt
in Stato dcUi Prefidii, fituate on a pe-
ninfula, four miles s of Orbitello.
Porto Longone, a leaport on the sE
fide of the ifle of Elba, with a good har-
bour, and a fortrefs upon a rock, almoft
inaccefiTible. It is 35 miles nw of
Orbitello, on the coaft of Italy. Lon.
10 20 G« lat. 42 JO N.
.t
P O R
Porto Marin, a town of Spain, in
Galicia, near the river Minho, 1 7 miles
9 of Lngo, and 48 e of Compofleila.
Porto Novo, a town of Portugal, in
Eftn m.uliua, on the coafl of the Atlari-
tic, 28 miles NNW of Lifbon.
Porto Prat/a, a town ami bay of St.
Jago, one of th«! Cape Verd iflands.
The town flands on an elev;ited plain,
and is the refidcnce of the Poituguefe
f;overnor of the iflands. Lon. 13 29 w.
at. 14 54 N.
Porto del l^gmcipe, a feaport on the n
coall of CuoK with a good harbour.
Near it are feveral fprings of bitumen.
Lon. 78 15 w, lat. 2t 52 n.
Porto Peal, a feaport of Spain, in
Andalulia, on^l^e e fide of the bay of
Cadi/, near the mouth of the Guadalete,
feven milfs k of Cadiz. ,
Porto liico, an ifland of the W In-
dies, 6o miles e of St. Domingo, be-
longing to the Spaniards. It is 120
miles long and 40 broad, diveifified
with woods, valleys, and plai;is, and
Vatered by I'prings and rivers, but un-
liealthy in the rainy fcafons. It pro-
duce.'* fugar, rum, ginger, cotton, maize,
and rice ; and there are fo many cattle,
that they arc often killed for the fake
of the Ikins .-lf)ne. Here are a great
■numljfr of uncommon trees, and there
is a little gold in the n pirt of the
ifland. St. Juan do Porto Rico ii> the
capital.
Porto Santo, an ifland in the Atlantic,
the leafl: of the Madeiras, 15 miles in
circumference. In 1418, a Portuguefe
fhip, coafting along the African fhore,.
•was driven out to fca by a fwdden
fquall,and when they all expected to pe-
rilh, they dffcovered this ifland, which,
<on account cf their ei'cipe, they named
Porto Santo ; and hence they dcfcried
the ifland of Madeira. It produces lit-
tle corn ; but there are oxen and wild
hogs, ami a vaft number of rabbits. Its
molt valuable produdions are dragonf-
blood, honey, and wax. It has no har-
bour, but good anchorage in the road.
Lon. 16 25 w, lat. 31 !ji] -v.
J'orto Stguro, a province of Brafil, s
of that of Ilheos, and n of Spiritu
Santo. It is very fertile. The capital
is of thp fame name, aiid fcated on the
top of a rock, at the mouth of a river
that flows into the Atlantic. Lon. 40
20 w, lat. 16 40 s.
Porto IWcfiio, a feaport of Corfica,
feated on a bay on the e coaft of the
ifland, 40 miles se of Ajaccio. Lon. 9
xo E, lat. 41 40 N.
Porto Vcnero, a feaport on the coafl
iif G<;noa, at the entrance of the gulf of
P OVi
Spezzla. It has a good harbour, and is
feated on the fitje of a hill, at the top
of which is a fort, 43 miles se of Genoa,
Lo". 9 38 k, lat. 44 5 N'.
Portree, a town of Scotland, on the
F. fide of the ifle of SVye, one of the
Hebrides. The inhabitants tradi- chitfly
in black-citttle, fticrp, and kelp. It
has an excellent haiioonr, flieltered at
itR mouth by the ifle of Raaza. Lon. 6
16 w, lat. ^j 33 N.
Portjea, an ifland between Chicheftcr
bay and the harbour of Poitfnionlh, in
Hampftiire. It is a low liadl about 14
miles in circumfi rence, fcparated from
the mainland on the n by a creek, over
which are two bridges, one for the en-
trance and the other for the departure
of paflengers. At the sw extremity
of it is fituate the town of Portf-
mouth.
Portsmotitbi a borough and feaport
in Hampfliire, witha market on Thurf.
day and SaMirday. It is the mod con-
fiderable haven for men of war, and the
moft ftroiigly fortified place in England.
Its capaciou.'' harbour is made by a bay
running up between the ifland of Port-
fea, on which the town is fituati-, and
the oppofite peninfula, having a n.:rro\v
entrance commanded by tue town and
forts. Many of the largeft ftiips are
always laid up here; and, in time of
Wir, it is the principal rendezvous of
the grand channel fleet. The docks,
arfenals, ftorehoufes, barracks, &c. are
all of capital magnitude, and kept in
the moft perfect order- The town it
govcined by a mayor, and entirely Aip.
ported by the refurt of the army and
navy. To the s of it s the noted road
of Spithcad, where the men of war an-
chor when prepared for adual fervice.
Portfniouth has one fpacious church,
and two neat chaprls ; the latter are in
a part of the town railed Portfea, built
on what was formerly called Portfmouth
Common, and is now become much
larger than the parent town. The
number of inhabitants in 1801 vvas
33,2i6, exclufive of the males belong-
ing to the army and navy. Portfmouth
is the birthplace of the celebrated phi-
lanthropifl Jonas Hanway. It is 20
miles ssE of Winchcfter, and 72 sw of
London. Lon. i 6 w, lat. 50 47 n-
Portsmouth, the capital of New Hamp-
fhire, in Rockingham county, with
three churches. It is the largeft town
and the only feaport in the ftate, feattd
on the Pifcataqua, two miles from the
ocean. Its harbour is one of the fineft
on the continent, well defended by
uatuio, both agaiuft ftorms and an cnc-
P O R
my. It is 50 miles n by E of Bofton.
Lon. 70 4: w, lat. 43 5 ^^
Portsmouth, ;i town of Virginia, in
Norfolk county, on the w lide of Elifa-
beth river, oppofite Norfollc; botii
which towns conftitute but one port of
entry. It is 107 miles kse of Rich-
mond. See Norfolk.
Portsmouth, a town of the (late of
Ohio, on the E fide of the Sciota, at its
confluence with th«; Ohio. It his %
eourt-houfe ; and is the depot for the
mcrchandife of the fcttlcments of the
upper parts of the Sciota. It is 6o
miles s of Chillicotlic. Lon. 83 8 w,
lat. i^jS 2 3 N. %.
Portsoy, a feaport of .Scotland, in
Banfflhirc, with manufadnres of fine
linen and fewing thread. Near it arc
found a vein of i'erpentine. called Port-
foy marble ; a fpecics of afbcltos, of a
grecni(h colour, which has been wrought
into inconibuftible cloth; and a bril-
liant kind of granite of a flelh colour.
Portfoy (lands on a point of land pro-
jcfting into Murray Frith, nine miles
w of Banff.
Portuf^aly the moft wedcrn country
of Europe, 350 miles in length, and no
in breadth ; bounded on the w and s
by the Atlantic, and on the e and n by
Spain. It is divided into fix provinces,
Eftremadura, Beira, Entre Doiiero e
Minho, Tra los Montes, Alentejo, and
Algarva. Though Spain and Portugal
are in the fame climate, the air of the
latter is more temperate than that of
the former, on account of the neigh-
bourhood of the ocean. Corn is not
plentiful,^ for little attention is paid to
luifbandry ; and maize, imported from
Africa, is'ufed by the peafants inftead of
wheat. There is u great numlier of
barren mountains, and many fine vales
rtm.'iin in a (late of nature : yet there is
plenty of olives, vines, oranges, lemons,
nuts, almonds, figs, and raifins; and
it is famous for excellent wines. Much
f-ilt is made alfo from the foa-water,
efpecially in the bay of St. Ubcs, whence
a great deal is exported. The manu-
factures are few and unimportant, but
the chief are thofe of woollen cloth.
The foreign trade confifts either of the
exportation of the produce of thecotin-
try, or in the iverchandile which is re-
ceived from its foreign fettlements;
fuch as fugar, tobacco, rum, cotton,
indigo, hidtti, brafil and other woods for
(lying, and m>ny excellent drugs. Be-
iide thefe, iX.A\a.% gold, filver, diamonds,
and other jMcciou.s Hones from America.
The horfe/ of Portugal were formerly
Ja great eweemi but now mules arc pre-
P O S
ferred ; the horned cattle are fmoll and
lean ; (heep are alfo neglcdled, and not
numerous; but fwine .1 hound, and are
fed with excellent acorni. Toward
the frontiers of Spain there are moun-
tains in which was formerly got gpld
and filver; and the river Tajo, the
Tagus of the ancients, was celebrated
by their poets for its golden lands.
There are mines of iron, copper, tin,
and le.id, quarries of marble, and iomu
precious (tones. The principal rivers
are the X^j"! Douero, Ci nadiana, Minho,
and. Mondego. The Portiiguefe are
i;«doIent, and fo fond of luxury, that
th:y fpcnd all their wealth in the pur-
c'nali; of foreign mcrchandife. The
women are addided to gallantry, for
which reafon the men are jealous of
flieir wives, .md allow them hut little
liberty. The government is monarchical,
but the royal authority is limited ; for
the fovereign cannot raife any mor«
taxes than were fettled in 1674. Thtt
eflablidied religion is the Roman Ca-
tholic, and there are two archbilhops,
and 10 bi/hops, befide a patriarch ; alio
three fevere inquifitions, and yet thera
are a great number of concealed Jews.
The authority of the pope is lb great,
that the king cannot confer any bene-
fice without his confent. In 1580,
there was a failure in the royal line,
and Philip 11 king of Spain fnbdued tht
country; but, in 1640, there was a
great revolution, and the crown wa»
conferred on JoJin duke of Braganza
(king John tv) whofe defcendants (till
enjoy it. In 1807, in confequence of
the French Invading Portugal, the whole
of the royal family embarked on a fleet
in the Tajo, and on Dec. i failed for
Brafil, cfcorted by four Bvitifli men of
war. A regency was previoufly ap-
pointed, but no attempt was made to
rt fifl tlic French, who fonn after entered
the capital. The French governor,
Jiinot, immediately abolilhed the re-
gency, and begun to treat the country
as a conqueft of France. In 1808, the
Englifh lent an army to aid the Portun
gutfe ; and JuHot was defeated by fir
Arthur Wellefley on the 21ft of Auguft
at Vimiera. This battle was followed
by a coiiventien, and all the French
foices were fent by fea to their own-
country. Lifbon is the capital.
Posadas, a town of Spam, in Anda-
Iiifia, on the Guadalquivir, 19 miles sw
of Cordova.
Posata, a town of the iflaiid of Sar-
dinia, on the E coafl, 45 miles ese of
Cartel Aragoiiefc, Lou. 9 30 e, lat. 40
36 N.
POT
Pesfga, a town i)f SclAvonin, cnpltal
of a county of »h«' lame name It was
taken t'lom the Turks by the Auftrians,
in 1687 ; and is )'- rued near the Orlava,
18 miles NNV/ of Brod.
Poien, or Posna. a fortifiid city of
Great Poland, capital of a pil.ttinate of
the fame name, Mid a hilhop's foe, with
a uiiivcrfity and a cnftie on an illand
in tilt' river Wart a. Th>- cathedral in
maiiuitictMU. The fnbuihs ari- exti-n-
fivc, and contain many fine bnildin^js.
The river Warta frcquciitlv inundates
the town, but is very leiuficial to its
trade with Gcrrany, In 1716, Pofcn
was garrlfoned by Saxons, but tak'n
by florm and piunde-ed by the Poles.
By iIh' partition of P )lind, in 177,:?, it
becaiiie rniijfd to tht ki')g <if Piuflia,
and the fea^ ot government of South
PruflTia. In 1806, lliis ci^y was enter, d
by a corps of tl.e French army, under
general Davouft it is fealed in a ploa-
jant plain, 27 mil. s w by s of Giitfna.
Loii. 17 o K, lat. ,51 24 N.
Posneckf a town i^l" Uppc .• Saxony,
in the principality of Alfenburg. It
has maiKif.tiiturcs of 'cloth and leather,
and is fiMtcd on thi- Gams, near its con-
flux with the Oria, eight miles ne of
Saalfeld.
Posihiho, a town of Portugal, in Eflire-
madu'a, 10 miles sv of Santarem.
Potriiza, a town of N ipies, in Baftli-
cata, feated near the fource of the lia-
fiento, 1 1 mill's ^ bv v/ of Acereftza
Potownc, a river of the IJ.iitcd Stares,
whicli rifes in the nw put of Virginia,
and ftpaiafes that iTatefrum Maryland,
aliti;>ft JtF. w'^ok c>>uife, till it enters the
w fideufCt;! faiifcak bay. It is navigable
near ,00 miles.
P'/to'i, a town of Peru, capital of
ajurifdid o'),in 'leaii iinceof Charcas
Here are the befl: filver mines in all
Aiiierica, in a mountain in the form
of a fug.ir-loaf. Silver was as common
in this place as iron is in Europe ; but
the mines are now much ex' anfted, or
at lead little is got in coniparJfon of
what was formerly. The country
around is fo nakec: anil barreUj that the
inhaiiitants get 'iieir provifiuns from the
reighlKiirin^' provinces. It is feated at
the bottom of »li mountain of P-tofi,
260 miles • NW of Arica. Lon. 67 30
w, |at. 19 vo s.
Potidamy a city of Brandenburg, in
the Mddic mark, feated on an illand 10
miles in circiimlttence, formed by the
river Hivel It is the mofl elegant and
fingtilar city in Europe. Many new
honfes were raifed by Frederic 11, and
prefented to the inhabitants; and the
P R A
vatious public buildings difplay great
m ignifircuce and taftc. I'he royal
palace is an admirable ftrufture, and
the hoiifes near it ar- almoll all buiU in
tlw! Italian ftyle. The great parade,
with Roman olonnades before the
town, is the place of exerci*""? for the
king's guirds ■a\\\.\ the garrifon. In the
marktt-pl:> e is a marble obeliflt, 79
feet in height, and maible ftatucs of
thi' firft four kings of Pruffiu. The
garriloU church is large, and has ,i mar-
bh- pidpit, under which is thi' tomb,of
Frei'tric- William II. In 1795, the
beaiitif,.! church of St. Niciiolas, in
the Palace fqiiare, w.iS dc ftroyed by
fire. Here arc two larg orphaii-hoiifci
for the chill !ren of the 1 Idiers, an ex-
ttnfive pour honf and Imlpitrti, and a
c.ipital fouiidery for fir. -arms. On a
hill near the city is the royal palace of
Sans Souci, which is but f'lall, and
only one Itory higii, yet its regularity
and grandeur are allonilhing. Polfdam
has numeious manufai'tures of fiik, vel-
vet, cotton, linen, &c. It i» ij miles
sw (if Uerl'ii. Lou. i^ 7 E, lat. 52 25 n.
Potton, a town in Bedfordlliinr, with
a market on Sitiuday, 12 miles k of
Bedford, and 48 n by w of London.
Potts(rrove, .1 town of Pcunfylvania,
on the Schuylkil , 17 miles se of Read-
ing, and j5 nw of Pliiladelphir..
Poiighkeepsie, a town of New York,
capital of DucheCs county, with two
churches; fituate on fin; k fide of the
HiHifon. 74 miles s' of New York.
PoK-^ues, a vill^g^.• of France, in the
department of Nirvrc, note<l for its fer-
ruginous mineral fpring, five miles NW
of Nevers.
Poiilton, a town in Lanoafliire, with
a market on M^mday, feated near the
mouth of tt'e Wyrf, 18 miles sw of
Lancafter, and 2^5 nnw of London.
Pour'^nyn, St- a town of France, in
th<' department of Allier, fe ted on the
Siouie, 16 miles s by w of Moulins.
P(.!/a>ig-hou, a lake of China, in the w
part of Un; province of Kiang-ft, formed
by the ci^nfluence uf fcveral rivers,
which meet lure from every point of
the compafs. It is 250 mih'S in circum-
fereiice, aiid I'urrounded by a molt de-
folate n gion.
Po&ziw/o. See Piizzo/i.
Prubut, a town of the kingdom of
Siain, 100 miles n of Si.im. Lon. 101
10 ii, lat. 15 40 N.
Pracels. bee Paraceli.
Prachatitz, a town of Bohemia, in
the c'rcle of Prachin, 33 imJes s by W
ot Pifek. \
P-ae/jia, a mountain of Bc^emiai on
which!
fame
on thi.1
Pifek
Prt
partm|
the ri\
WflW
Pn»
Ionia, 1
wliere
were
Barcel
in the
the Vi|
it is cil
Pra\
mill's
Boheir
lemia) on
P R A
which formerly ftiioJ a caftic of the
fame name It gives name to a circle
on thu w fule of the Muldau, of which
Pifck is tiie capital.
Pradest •» town of France, in the de-
partment of Enftcrn Pyrenees, feuteil on
the river Tit, in a fiiitr plain, 2a miicB
Vi flW of Perpignaii.
J'rfuigsj a t wn of Spain, in Cata-
lonia, near which is a mngnificent abbey,
wliero the ancient kings of Arragon
wtie interred. It is 39 miles Nw of
Darcelona.
Viaga, or Prngue, a town of Poland,
in tt\c palatinate of Mafovia, featod on
the Vifbula, oppoliie VVarl'aw, of which
it is coiilidiTcd aa a fnbnrb.
Praii'tlas, a town of Piedmont, feven
mil '8 »v of Turin.
Prague, a forlificd city, capital of
Bo'u'inia, and lately an archiepifcopal
fee. It eompielicnds four towns, the
Old, Niw, and Little Town, and Rad-
fhiii. It is 15 miles in circumference,
bmlt upon If veil hills; has about 100
churches and as many palaces; and
contains 80,000 inhabitants. The
Miildau runs through the city, feparat-
ing the Old Town from the New, and
over it is a budge of 18 arches, with a
ftiong tower at each end. Tl'e Old
Town is very populous; the houtes are
high, and the fticcts narrow, lo this
part is the old pa ice, where the ancient
kiiii,'s relided; but the finell ornament
is the univcrfily, trequciited by a great
number of ftudonts. Heie alio is a
magnificent college, formerly belong-
ing to the jeluits, and the Jews have
nine fynagognes. I'he New Town
contains fine llrudures, handfome gar-
dens, and large llreets ; alio an arfcna!,
and a fecuar ton .dation, whofe abbefs
was a princels 01 the empire. The Lit-
tle Town, which is the moft ancient
part of Prague, has broad ftreets, and is
very populous. Kadihin once belonged
to the Little Town, but in 1756 it was
made the fourth town of Prague: its
principal buililingsare the royal palace,
in which is a hall, 100 paces long and
40 broad, without any pillar to fupport
the roof; the cathedral of St. Veit,
containing the burial-place of the kings
and many relics; the chapel of Our
Lady of Loretto; the m.ignificent ar-
chiepifcopai palace ; and the large pa-
lace ot Tfchernin. Prague has fuf-
feied frequent dcvaftations by war,
which were however foon repaired.
The White Mountain, without the gate
of Strahow, is celebrated for- the vic-
tory, in i6ao, gained by the Auftrioiis
P R R
over Frederic w of the Palatinate,
whom the U themiaiis had chofcn for
their king. In i6ji, Prague was taki'n
by the Saxons ^ and by the Swedes in
164U. It was tiken by florm by the
French in 17411 but they were oblig-
ed to leave It in 1741. In 1744. it
was taken by the king of I'ruffia ; but
he was obliged to abandon it in the
fame year. It was beliegcd by the
king ot Pruflia, in 1757, after a great
vii^tory, obtained near this city, over
the Auitrians; but being deteat<;d fome
time after, he was obliged to raife the
fiege. It is 7j miles si. ol Drefdcn, and
aj5 NW of Vienna. Lon. 144? fc, lat-
50 6 N,
Prato, a town of Tufjany, with a
citadel, feated on the iiifcntino, 19
miles NW of Fiowiice.
Prats ae Molo, a fortified town of
Fianci.', in the deparim nt of Eallerii
Pyrenees, near whicn are mines of cop«
per mi.xed with filvcr. It Itamls on the
Tet, 39 miles svv of Perpignan.
Praui/iitZt a town tind caftle of Si-
lelJa, in the lorddiip of Trachenberg.
It lias a line church, containing the
tombs of the counts ot Hat/leid, and is
feven miles s ot Trachenberg,
Praya. See Porto Praya.
Pntcopt or Peretopi a town and for-
trtfs of Rullia. in the government of
CaLhanncnfliit, and province of Taurida,
leated on the illhmus that joins the Cri«
mta to the c>miinent. A deep trench«
four miles in length, is cut acrofs the
ifthmus, over which is a bridge, and
upon that a vatilted gate, called the
Golden Gate of the Tartars. The
town is now reduced to ibout 60 wooden
houfes; and its only riches confifl of
the fult works in its vicinity. It is 65.
miles &L of Cherfun. Lon. 35 34 e, lac.
46 8 N.
Precopia, a town of European Tur-
key, in Si rvia, on the river Morave, ao
miles w ot Nilfa.
Pregely a river of E Pruffia, which
iflues from the lake Angerburg, and
flowing by Infterburg, Welau, and Ko-
iiiglberg, enters the eaftern extremity of
the Frifch liafi".
Premis/au, a town of Poland^ in the
palatinate of Lembiirg, witB a itrong
caftle, and a Greek and Latin bilhop't
fee. It is ftated on the river Sana, 60
miles w by s of Lemburg. Lon. ai o
E, lar. 49 ON.
Prenzlo, a town of Brandenburg, ca-
pital of the Ucker mark. It contains
fix churches, and has a confiderabl*
t$ade in corn, tobacco, and cattle. It
PRE
ii fcated on the I ik«t nnd river Ucker,
60 miles NNB oi:' Berlin. Lon. ij j; e,
lat. 53 19 N.
Prerau, a town of Moravia, cupit.il
of a circle of the fame nnmc. It is
fcated on the Bcc/wa, 13 miles si of
Olmiit/. Lon. 17 29 e, lat. 49 a) n.
iVfj^wr.^, a fortified city, c.ipital of
Lower lluii(!;;iry, with a ftning caftlc on
a hill. It i» featrd on the D.ii\iibe.
which h here very rapid and al>ont 250
yards in breadth. The inhabitants are
eflimntcd at 27,000. litre the ftatrs
of Hungary hold their nirimblics, and
in the cathi'dral the fovcri'ign i* crown-
ed. In the caltle, which is n nobii;
Gothic ftriK^urc, nre depofitid the re-
galia of Ili)ngury,conriItiug of tlie crown
and fceptre of Stephen the fird king.
The Luthernnshave a church here, and
an academy. In December 1605, a
treaty of peace was concluded here
between Anftria and France. Prcf-
bui'g is 38 miles E by s of Vienna, and
95 WNW of Buda. Lon. 17 7 e, lat. 48
Prtiedt, a town in Lancalhire, with a
market on Tuefday. Here are manu-
factures of watch movements, pinion
wire, fmall files, und coarfo earthen
ware ; and around it are many coal
mines. It is eight miles c of Livvrpool,
and 197 NNw of London.
Prfsenzano, a town of Naples, in
Terra di Lavoro. It appears, by an in-
fcription, to be the ancient Kufae, and
its territory has the name of Cofta Ru-
fraria. It is zS milts n of Naples.
PresUii, Stato delli, a fmall territory
of Italy, on the coalt of the Siennefe.
It includes five fortreffes, rcferved hy
Spain, when ii ceded the territory of
Sienna to the duke of Tufcany, in 1557 ;
and in J735, they were ceiled to the
king of the Two Sicilies. Their names
are, Orbitello, Telcmone, Porto Her-
roU', Porto San-Stephano, and Monte
Phiiippo. The firft of them is the ca-
pital. ■
7V«/«;^, a town of Wales, in Rad-
noifliirc, with a market on Saturday.
It may be deemed the modern capital
of the' county, for here the alTizes are
ticlcl, and in it is the county-jail. The
iiteof its caftle is now laid out in public
walks. It is feated near the fource of
the Lug, in a rich valley, 23 miles nnw
oj Hereford, and 151 nnw of London.
Lon. a 38 w, lat. 52 13 n.
Prfjtima, a town of Portugal, in
Beira, 1 1 miles n of Coimhra.
Preitoy a feaport of Denmark, in
!i6caland, with a good harbour iu a bay
? n I
of the B'tltiCi 4a miles saw of Copen-
hagen. Lon. 12 6 K, lat. 55 9 N.
I*rejt0n, a borough in Lancafliire,
govnnt'd by a m.iyor, with a market
on Wcdiiclday, Friday, and Saturday.
Here is a court of chancery, and other
ofTiccsof juftice, for the eoinity palatine
of Lancafler. The chief manuf.itJtmfs
arc I'lie various branches of cotton and
muflin ; and in 1801 the mimber of
inhabitants was 11.8)^7. Prelton is
noted for the defeat of the relicls in
1715, when moft of them were made
prifoners; alfo for a kind of publii- cir-
'lival, or jubilee, held every tweiiiy
years, the lall of which was in iflo;.
It is feated near the river KibMc and the
Lancalter canal, 21 miles s of LanciUer,
and 217 NNW of London. Lon. 3 53 w,
lat. 53 46 N.
Preitonpanst a town of Scotland, in
Iladdingtondnre, with a fate harbour,
called Morifon's Haven, on the Tiith of
Forth. It ha« manufa»ifurc3 of filt,
Aone and earthen ware, and bricks and
tiles. At this place the royal army was
defeated by the rcbela in 1745. it is
eight miles e by n of Edinburg.
Pretic/if a town of Sax(my Proper,
with a fine ca(\le, feated on the Hlbe, 10
miles s of Wittenbreg.
Prettin, a town of Saxony Proper,
feated on the Elbe, 18 miles s by e of
Wittenberg.
Prevesa, a town of European Tui-
key, in Albania, and a bifliop's fee. It
itands on the ruins of the ancient Nico-
polis, bi 'It by emperor Auguflus, in
memory * ' is vidlory over .Antony. It
was taken by the Venetians in 1684.
It is feated on a mountain, on the gulf
of Larta, 70 miles nw of Lepanto.
Lon. 21 5 K, lat. 39 14 N.
Pieuilli/, a town of France, in the
department of Indre and Loire. Near
it are mines of iron ; and it (lands ou the
Claife, 18 miles s of Loches.
Preuschmarky a town of PrufTia, in
Oberland, defended by acaftle, 22 miles
s of Elbing, and 75 sw of Konigfberg.
Prianian, a town on the w conlt of
the ifland of Sumatra, wlierc the Dutch
have a fadlory. The environs produce
but little pepper; but the air is healthy,
and it ftands on a fmall river in which
gold is found. Lon. 98 o e, lat. i o s.
Priboda, a town of. Sweden, in the
province of Smaiand, 16 miles ssw of
Carlfcrona.
Priebus, a town of Silefia, in the
principality of Sagan, fitnate on the
NeifTa, 20 miles sw of Sagaii.
Primkcnau, a town of SilcCa, ip the
P R I
principality of Olopau, with iin iron
t'oiK'' -*'^<' •'> niannt'A^luie cf p:ipLT» lU
niili'c sw of OIngAU.
I 'line- Kdwnrtl I slandy in the gulf of
i>t. [,awreiK'«'. Stt* J )hn, Ht.
I'rlnrr I'tedntc, a town of M.iryland,
chief of Ciilvfit county, on Ihi' w lidc
of Chtfap»';ik bay, 20 miles ink of
Tiiri Tobacco, and .^5 sk of VVaflimg-
ton
Pr'tHCf o/lFalej Cape, Ih'- mod wcll-
frn cxtnjnity of Am'rica, hitlicrto
known, dif'OVfi-id liy Cook in 177H.
]t is on the K lide of Uccring (trait.
Lon. 168 ,<; w, lit. (,(, 46 n
Pri'ice o/lf'ti/ij I'orf, the moft north-
ern kltleincnt of the Hiulfon B.iy Com-
ri.my, ffatcd on the «' fulf of Hudfon
)af, at thi' moiiih of Churchill river.
Lon 94 7 \v, lut _r,8 47 N
Prince of IVulei Is/ami, or Penan,t^,
an ill.mt' two mile from the w coaft of
Malacca, 18 miles lonj; ami ij broad,
divided longltntlinally by a ridg*- of
mountains. Tlic channri to the main-
land is a f.ift; road for (hips. This
ifland was pure' iffd of the king of
Queda by the Englilh E India Com-
pany, who formed a fettlement here in
1786; and in Hve y«!ar8 alter, George-
town, its capital, was eftablilhed as a
fcMport. Lon. 98 50 e, lat. 5 36 n.
Prince IViliiiim Henry Island, an
ifland in the Eallern ocean, lying wnw
of Tench ifland. It is pretty high,
well wooded, and 70 miles in circuit.
The natives are quite naked, and Cecm
to be the fame fort of people as thofe
on Tench iliand. It was difcovered
by lieutenant Ball, in 1790, and a high
mountain in tlie centre was called
Mount Philip- Lon. 140 1,0 &, lat. i .^a s.
Prince tVilUnm Henry Islan/l, an
ifland in the Pacific ocean, difcovered
by captain Walliu, ill 1767. Lon. 141
6 w, l.it. 17 o s.
Prince IVilliani Sound, a gulf on the
NW coaft of Americ;i, fo named by
Cook, ill 177H. The men, women, and
cliildren, are all clothed in the f. me
manner. Their ordinary drefs is a fort
of cloff robe, which fomctimes reaches
only to the knees, but generally down
to the ancles. They fire compofed of
the (kins of various animals, and are
commonly worn with the hairy lidc
outward. The men often paint their
f.icfs of a black colour, and of a bright
red, and fometimes of a bluKh or leaden
hue ; but not in any regular (igure.
The women pundure or (tain the chin
with black, that comes to a point on
ench of their cheeks. Their canoes are
of two forts ; the one large aud opcn^
PR I
the other fmall Jiul covered : the firam-
iiig conlifts of (lender piccel of wood*
and the outlide is compofed of the fkint
uf feaU, or other fea animal, (Iretched
over the wood. Their weiponi, and
implements for hunting and tilhinr, are
the fame as thofe ulVd by the Efqui'
maux. Our knowledge of the aninials
of this part of the continent it entirely
derived from the Ikitigthat were brought
by the natives for fale Thefc were
piineipally uf bears, c<miEnr)i) and pine
martens, fea otters, fe ils, racoons, fmall
ermines, foxeh, and th> whitilh cat or
lynx. The birds found here were the
halcyon, th»' great kinglillur, the white-
headed eagle, and the humming-bird.
Few vegeuibles of any kind were ob-
ferved; and ihc trees that chiefly grevr
about the found were the Canadian
fprucc pine. Lon. 147 11 w, lat. 59
Princes Island, an ifland near the w
coalt of (liiiiiea, 90 miles in circumfer-
ence, difcovered by the P.irluguefe in
1 47 1. Ii is clevMted and fertile, and has
a town on the north part, with a good
harbour. Lon. 7 ^o k, lat. i 40 n.
Princes Island, a fmall iQaiid in the
Indian ocean, near the w entrance of
the ftrait of Sunda. It is fubjee'V to the
king of Bantam, and vilitcd by European
(liips for wood and water. Lon. 104
30 K, lat. 6 15 s.
Princes Islands, four fmal! iflands in '
the fea of Marmora, near the ftrait of
Conftantinople, called Prinkipo, Prote,
Kalke, and Antigone. The (irft is tka
largeft, and has a town containing above
aooo inhabitants. Lon. 28 56 b, lat. 40
51 N.
Princess Ann, a town of Maryland,
in Somtrlet county, fituate on Chefa-
peak bay, on the E lide of Monokin
river, 25 miles WaW of Salilbury.
Princeton, a town of New Jerfey, in
Middlefex county. Here was a college
called NalTau Half, which was burnt
down in 180:. It is la miles ^e of
Trenton, and 18 swof Brunfwick.
Princeton, a town of N Carolina, in
Gates county, fitiiatc on the Meherrln,
three miles above Murfreelborough, and
2« I'NK of Halifax.
Priiic'ipato, a province of Naples,
divided into Principato Ulteriorc and
Citeriore, that is, the further and
Hither Piincip.ato. Principato Cite-
riore is bounditl on the n by Princi-
pato Ulteriorc, b by Bafilicata, and %
and w by the Mediterranean. It is 60
miles long and 30 broad ; the foil fer-
tile in wine, corn, oil, and fafFron ; ,nnd
it has a great deal of filk, and fevcral
PRO
mineral fprinjrs. Salerno is the capital.
i'iiiii.ip..to Uiicrioic is bound d on the
N hy till' Molife and Tt-iradi-Lavoro,
B l>y Balilic.ita at;d Capitanata, s by
Pii.cipafo Citcriore, and w by the Me-
diterranean. It is 37 miles long and 30
bioa<t ; the foil not fertile in corn or
wine, bui it produces cheftnuts, and has
excellent priftures. Ben&ventu is the
capita'.
Pri^rendi, a town of European Tur-
key, in S(rvia, and a bifliop's lie, with
a magnific" fit church. It is featcd on
the Drin, 170 miles s of Belgrade. Lon.
a I :? h:, lat 42 20 N.
Prijtina, a town of European Tui-
^ key, ill Str»ia, which was pillaged by
tlic Auftiiunsin 1689. It is frated on
the Riifca, 150 miles -^ by t of Belgrade.
Lon. 21 36 t, lat. 42 43 n.
Piitzwalk, J. town of liiandenbiirpr,
in the mark of Prejinitz, f ated on the
Domnitz, t^ miles ene of Pcrleberg.
Prii-as, a town of France, capital of
the d: pai tmcnt < f Aidtche. It is I'e.tted
on a hill, nr;-.i- the contlnr'nce of three
fmall Mvtrs, 68 miles s ol Lyon. Lon.
4 j6 t, lat. 44 43 N.;
Proclda, H'i ifland in the gulf of
Naples, tiear tlial of ifchia, eigiit miles
in CMCumfert-iicc, and very fertile and
p pulous. The capital, of the fame
name, is a finail foitifitd place, on a
high craggy rock, by the fealide. Ljn.
-148 b, lilt. 40 43 N.
Prodano, an ifland in the Mediter-
ranean, near the ^i' coaft of the Moren,
formi rly called Sphadteriiv. It is 36
miles .ssE of Zante. Lon, 21 24 e, lat.
37 15 N.
Promey a city of Pegu, capital of a
province of the lame name. It was for-
merly more confiderable, and the me-
tropolis of the kingdom, but has been
greatly reduced l)y frequent wars. Much
teak timber is fent hence to Rangoon.
It is feated on the Irrawady, 1 20 miles
KW of Pegu. Lon. 95 o w, lat. 18 50 n.
Prospect y a town of the di(\rid of
• Maine, in Hancock county, on the w
jide of Peuobfcot river, la miles nne of
Belfaft.
Prosperous^ a village of Ireland, in
the county of Kildare, 16 miles sw of
Dublin. It has a couflderable iranu-
fadure of cotton.
Prostniiz, a town of Moravia, in the
circle of Olmutz, eight miles ssw of
Olmutz.
Provence, a late province of France,
138 miles long and ico broad; bounded
on the N by Dauphiny, e by the Alps
itnd the river Var, s by the Mediterra-
nean, and w by Langucdoc. In that
P R U
which was called Upper Provence, the
foil is fertile in corn and paftures i but
in Lower Provence, dry and fandy. It
produces, however, wine, oil, ligs, al-
monds, prunes, and pomcgranatesjalong
the feacoall from Toulon to Nice.
There are orange and citron-trees in
the open fields ; and many medicinal
plants, mineral waters, and mines of
ieveral kinds. Provence now forms
tiie departments of Var, Lower Alps,
and Moutiis of the Riione.
Piavidoice, one of the Bahama illands,
and the beft of thofe planted by the
Engliih. It was taken by the Spaniards
in 1782, but retaken the next year. The
ciiief town is Nallau. Lon. "^7 ao w,
lat. 25 3 N.
Providence, an ifland in the Atlantic,
which ihc bucaniertj fortified, but after-
ward abandoned. It is 150 miles e of
the coafl: of Nicaragua. Lon- 80 44 w,
lat. 13 25 N.
Proi'idence, a river that rifes in the
ftate of Mairichulets, and waters the
tcwn of Providence, w, hence it is navi-
gable for fliips to Narrag.nfet bay,
which it enters on the w fide of Rhode
ifland.
Providence^ the oldeft town of the
ftate of Rhi)dc lUand, chiii'f of a county
of itu name, and the Itiii-cipital ot the
ftate. It has foveral manufactures, and
a large foreign and inland trade. Here
are fix edifices for public worfliip , a
hanOlome court houfe, in which is a
library for the ufe of the town and
county ; and a flourifliing feminary,
called Rhode Ifland Colleg«" Providence
is i'ealed on both fid*s of tho river of the
fame name, 30 miles nw of Newport.
Lon. 71 26 w, lat. 41 51 n.
Provinctown, a town of Manachufeti;,
in Barnltablc county, fituate on the
hook of Cape Cod. Its hrrbour is one
of the beft in the ftate, and was the firft
port entered by the Engliih, in 1620,
when they came to fettle in New Eng-
land. The houfes are only one ftory
high, and fet upon piles, that the driving
fands may pais under them. The inha-
bitants are wholly dependant on Bofton,
and the towns in the vicinity, tor every
vegetable production. It is 50 milei
EbK of Bofton.
Provins, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Seine and Marne, cele-
brated for it« mineral waters and con-
ferves of rofes. It is feated on the Vou-
zie, 30 miles se of Meaux, and 47 se of
Paris.
Pruck. See Bruck.
Pntsa, or Prusia. See Bursa.
Prussia, a country of Europe, bound-
P R U
ed on the k by the Baltic, b by Samo-
gitia and Lithuania, s- by Poland, and
w by Germany. It produces a great
deal of timber, flax, hemp, tobacco,
and corn ; and much amber is found
on thf fcacoaft. The domtftic animals
are numenms ; and, bt fide the conrj-
mon game, there are eika, wild alTcs,
and bifons, in the forefts; the lafl are
of a monftrous fize, and their hides are
fold to foreijfntrs at a great price. The
principal nv rs are the Viftula and Pre-
gel ; ar... there are numerous lakes,
efpecially in £ Pruflia. The inhabitants
are indufti'ous, robuft, and good iol-
ditrs; there are a great number of me-
chanito, but their princip><l bnlineis is
hufbandry, and the feeding of cattle.
They are a mixture of different nations,
comprehended undtr tht; denomin.itions
of PruTTians, Poles, and Lithuanians.
Moft of the Pruflians and the nobility
conform to the German lanjruaire and
manners. The Lutheran religion is the
moft prevalent, but all religious fedts
enjoy liberty of confcience. The prin-
cipal manufactures are glafs, iron, cop-
per, brafs, gunpowder, paper, cloth,
linen, and ftockings. In the 13th cen-
tury Pruflia belonged to the knights of
the Teutonic Order. In 1454, that
part, fince denominated Polifli, or Weft
Pruffia, revolted to Cafimir iv, kirg of
Poland, and was incorporated into the
dominions of the republic. At the
fame time, the knights were confttained
to hold the remaining part, called Du-
cal or Eaft Pruflia, as a fief of the crown
of Poland. In ^545, Albert, the grand
maCi^r, betrayed the interefts of his fra-
ternity, and concluded a treaty with
Sigilmund, king of Poland, by which E
Pruflia was ereited into an lartilituy
duchy, and given to him as a Pohdi fief.
Having adoptt;d the tenets of Luther,
he married a princefs of Denmark, and
tranfmitted this rich inheritance to his
defcendants; one of whom, Fredi ric-
William, was the firft duke that thtow
off his dependence on Poland, in 1657.
It is divided into the German depart-
ment, or that of Konigfberg; and tlu;
Lithuanian, of which Gumbinnen is the
feat of regency. The ioundation of the
Pruflian monarchy was eftabliihed by
Ihv above Frederic-William, between
1640 aiici 688. His fon and fucceiror
Frederic, in 1701, nfl'umed the title of
King of Pruflia, which was foon after
acknowledged by all the Chriftian pow-
ers, except Poland, which did not ac-
knowledge it till 1764. In 174't, Fre-
deric ri acquired the duchy of Silefia
from the houfe of Auftria j and in 177a,
he compelled the f oks to cede to ium
PUD
a part of Great Poland, and the whole
of W Pruflri, except the cities of Dant-
zlc and Thorn. In 1793, Frederic-
William H, by another forced ceflion,
obtained the poflcflion of thofe cities^
alfo the remainder ..f Great Poland,
and the provinces of Mafovia and Pola-
chia. which were denominated South
Pruflia, and Pofen made the feat of go-
vernment. But by the unfottunate war,
in 1807, Frederic-William in, bv the
ireaty at Tilfit gave up all the new ac-
quifitions from Poland; alfo the circle
of Cotbus ia Lufatin, and all his Ger-
man territories w of the river Elbe. Ko-
nigfberg is the capital.
Prut/ha river th.at rifes in Poland, in
the mountain of Crapach, croH'es part
of the paiatinate of Lembui-g, flows
tli.-ough MolJavia, and enters the Da-
nube, above Reni, in B' ffarbia.
Pruym, a town of France in the de-
partment of Sane, lately of Germany^
in the eledorate of Treves, with a
piinci.'ly ahli.y; feated on the river
Pruym, 30 miles N by w ol i reves.
Przeniislich a town of Poland, in the
palatinate of Lemberg, with a caftle,
on the river San, 54 miles w by 8 of
Lemberg.
PrzL'tuiil, a town of Poland, in the
■pila:inate ut Chelm, 36 miles e by n of
Clielm.
Przibnon, a town of Bohemia, in the
circle of Beruiii, 'wi.h a filvtr mine and
an ii<)iiJoundery,near4tie river xVIulduu,
28 miles S.-.W ot Prague.
Pskoft or Plcskofs a government of
Rnfli.i, once a r<;i:iiblic, <'ubdued by
Ivan Viifliliviich, au.i fcrmeily com-
pritl-d ia llie government of Novo-
gorud-
PsK(.f, or /v. I'of a town of Rufliia,
capital of a gnv.ri ment of the fame
name, and an archbn!.. p's fei , with a
ftroig caftle. It is fe.ited on tl.e river
Welika, at its entrance iiuo the lake
Tcl:inilk(/i, tJo mie-. s of Narva, and
130 h by w orPcterlbuig. i-on. z^ 53
K, lat. c^Y ,-,8 J..
Pucculoe, a town of Hindooftan, in
Bt.ig.jl 40 n iles Nw i)t Dacca.
Ptuk/iGti, a ;own of Hindooftan, in
the proviiii.e cf Lah >ie, 86 mile.s svv of
Ctflimcr^ , fid 145 nw of Lahore. Lon.
75 5 b. i'^t. 3\ 4s N.
Puilda, a river of Hiiidooflan, which
rifes in the sw part of Agimtre, divides
the provinces i;f Culch aid Gnzt rat,
and runs into the gulf of Ciitcli.
Ptdoga, a town of Rtiffia, in the
government of Olonetz, Htuate on the
K coaft of the lake of Onczkoe, 108
miles E of Olonetz. Lon, 36 30 b, lat-
61 i6 ».
^
PUN
Pueila, a town of Spnin, in Galicia,
fcated licrir the Atlantic, 59 miles ssw
of Coinpo(tdl;i.
Pucbla d'Alcocer, a town of Spain, in
Eftremadiiva, 48 miles e of Merida.
Pueila de los Augelost a city of Mexi-
co, capital of Tlafcala, and 1 bifhop's
fee. The ftrcets are broad ;tnd fti iight,
and the buildings in general of ftone,
lofty and elegant. In the centre of the
city is a large fquare, adorned on three
fides with uniform porticos, where are
Ihops filled with rich commodities, and
on the other with the cathedral, which
has a beatitiful front and two lofty
towers. Bclide the cathedral, there are
feveral other churches and convents,
well built and finely adorned. A fmall
river nms through the town, and the
adjacent valley produces vines and all
forts of European fruits. It is 80 miles
ESE of Mexico- Lon. 99 22 w, lat 19
30 N.
Pueila Nuoiia, a town of Mexico, in
the province of Veragua, featcd near
the Pacific ocean, 100 miles w of St.
Jago. Lon. 83 o w, lat. 8 .^4 n.
Pitebla de Sauabria, a town of Spain,
in the province of Leon, 45 miles sw
of Aftorga.
Puente, a town of Spain, in Navarre,
on the river Agra, eight miles ssw of
^Pamplona.
Puerto Hello, Puerto Rico, &c. For
all names, which, in the Spanifh lan-
guage, fignify Apart, fee Porto.
PugJia, the ancient Apulia, contain-
ing the three provinces of Cnpitannta,
Bari, and Otranto, on the e lide of the
kingdom of Naples.
Pulhcly, a town of Wales, in Car-
narvonlhire, with a market on Wedncif-
day, feated on an inlet of Cardigan bay,
between two rivers, 16 miles s of Car-
narvon, and 243 Nw of London.
• PuJo Condore, fee (Jondore ; and fo
with other iflands that have fometimes
Pulofldand] prefixed.
Pullicate, a town of Hindooflan, in
the Carnatic, on the fer.coaft, and at
the s end of a large lake to which it
gives name, 23 miles n of Mf.Jras.
Pultousk, a town of Poland, in the
palatinate of Mafovia. In 1807, a bat-
tle was fought here between the French
and Ruflians, in which both iides claim-
ed the viftory. It is i'eated on the Na-
rcw, 30 miles n of Warfaw.
Pultoiva, a fortified town of the
Ukraine, famous for a battle in 1709,
between Peter the great and Charles x 1 1
of Sweden, wherein the latter was to-
tally defeated. It is 100 miles sw of
Belgorod. Lon. j4 25 k, lat. 49 26 n.
Punat an ifland in the Pacific ocean,
y PUS
.i^5 miles long and la broad, lying at
the entrance of the bay of Guiaqnil.
It has an Indian town of the fame name»
on its s fide, i \c, miles n of Paita. Lon.
81 6 w, lat. .1 17 s.
Punlieie, a town of Portugal, in EJlre-
madiua, at the conflux of the Zrezerc
with the Tajo, lix miles nw of Ab-
rantes.
Punta del Guda, the capital of St. .
Michael, one of the Azores, with a
ftrong caftle. It ii, fituate on the s fide,
and contains 12,000 inhabitants. The
ftreets are regular, and of convenient
width; and the churches, religious
houfes, and public edifices maybe deem-
ed elegant. There is no harbour in the
vicinity of the town, and veflels ufually
anchor at a diftance from the Ihore in
an open road. Lon. 25 43 w, lat. 37
47 N.
Punto Gallo. See Gallo.
Purbeck, Isle of, a rough and heathy
traft in Dorfetfhire, to the s of Poolfi
bay. It is infulated by the fea and
rivers, and is famous for its ftone quar-
ries. The principal of thefe lie at its
eaftern extremity, near Swanage, whence
the ftone is exported. It is of the
calcareous kind, but diftinguiflied into
numerous forts, the fineft; of which de-
ferve the name of marble, and are ufed
for chimneypieces, hearths, &c. The
coarfer kinds are made ufe of in paving,
'i'obacco-pipe clay is dug up in feveral
parts of this idand, the fineft ncarCorfe
caftle, of which much is exported,
particularly for the Staffordfliire pot-
teries.
Purchena, a town of Spain, in the
province of Granada, 70 miles e of
Granada. Lon. 2 25 w, lat. 37 19 n.
Purfleet, u village in Elfex, fituate on
the Thames, four miles w of Grays-
Thurrock. It has extenfive lime-works,
and a large magazine of gunpowder.
Purification, a town of Mexico, in
thf province of Xalifco, 90 miles s by
E of Compoftella. Lon. 105 30 w, lat.
19 58. ^f.
Purmerend, a ftrong town of N Hol-
land, on a brook of the fame name, 10
ini!es N hy E of Amfterdam, and 12 se
of Alcmaer.
Puriieali, a town of Hindooftan, in
Bengal, on a river that flows into the
Gmiges, 125 miles nnw of Moorflieda-
bad. l.on. 87 40 E, lat. 25 47 n.
Pjirysburg, a town of S Carolina, in
Beaufort diftrid, built by a colony of
Swifs, with a view to the culture of
filk. It is feated on the river Savanna,
20 miles NNW of the town of Savanna.
Lon. 81 5 w, lat. 32 12 n-
Pusc/iia-vo, a town of Swiflcrland, in
oad, lying at
of Giiiaqiiil.
fie fame name»
of Pait3. Lon.
ugal, in Eflre-
:)f the Ztzerc
J Nw of Ab-
capital of St.
zores, with a
on the 3 fide,
bitants. The
of convenient
hcs, religious
maybe deem-
harboiir in thfi
veflels ufually
tn the fliore in
43 w, lat. 37
gh and heathy
he 9 of Poole
f the fca and
its ftone quar-
hefe lie at its
anage, whence
It is of the
Inguiflicd into
I of which de-
', and are «f(;d
;hs, &c. The
ft; of in paving,
g up in feveral
(left near Coite
is exported,
brdfliire pot-
Spain, in the
miles E of
lat. ^j 19 N.
X, fitiiate on
w of Grays-
lime-woiks,
unpowder.
Slexico, in
miles s by
05 30 w, lat.
if
JO
n of N IIol-
tme name, 10
, and 12 SE
Tl>
indooftan, in
()W8 into the
■ iMoorflied;i-
5 47 N-
Carolina, in
a colony of
e culture of
vcr Savanna,
of Savanna.
vliTerland, in
P U Y
the canton of Grifonn, three miles n
from a lake t.> which it gives name. It
is 17 miles wsw of Bormio, and 20 e
ofChiavenna.
Putala, or Pateli, a mountain of
'"ibet, near the banks of the Burram-
pooter, feven miles e of LaflTa. On its
fnmmit is the palace of the grandl lama,
the high priefl; and fovereign of Tibet,
and the oixlinary place of his refidence.
Putiitz, A town of Brandenburg, in
the mark of PrejJtnitX; with an old caftle,
1 1 miles NNE of Perlcbcrg.
Putneji, a village in Surry, feated on
the Thames, over which is a wooden
bridge, four miles wsw of London. It
is the birthplace of Thomas Cromwell,
earl of EfTex, whofe father was a black-
fniitJi ; and of Nicholas Weft, bifhop
of Ely, his coutempojary, a great
Aatcfman, whofe father was a baker.
On Putney heath is an obeiilk, ercdled,
in 1786, in commemoration of Mr.
Hartley's invention of fireplates, for
fecuring buildings from fire; and on its
holders are feveral elegant manlions.
Puttan, or Puitan Summaut, a town
of Hiudooflan, capital of the circar of
Puttan, in Guzerat. It (lands near thp
fea, 95 miles s of Noanagur. Lon. 69
40 £, lat. 21 a N.
Put/, a city of France* capital of the
department of Upper Loire. The prin-
cipal church is famous for a prodigious
quantity of relics ; and Our Lady of
Piiy is ccitrlnated in the annals of fu-
ptrftition. The late canons of Puy have
had kings and dauphins of France at
their head. Puy has manufadures of
lace and iilk Huffs. It is feated on the
mountain Anis, near the river Loire, 45
miles NE of Mendc, and 65 SB of Cler-
mont. Lon. 3 58 E, lat. 45 58 N.
Pui/ en Anjout a town of l-'rance, in
the department of Mayeune and Loire,
10 miles ssw of Saumur.
Put/ de Dome, a department of France,
containing part of the late province of
Auvergne. It has its name from a
mouiStain, fituate to the w of Clermont,
the capital of the department.
Puy I'Evequet a town of France, in
the department of Lot, 16 miles w by jt
of Cahors.
Ptiif Molsson, a town of France, in
the department of Lower Alps, 15
miles s of Digne.
Pii;/ la lioque, a town 'of France, in
the department of Lot, 18 miles sse of
Cahors.
Pitycerda, a town of Spain, in Catalo-
nia, capital of the county of Cerdagna ;
furrounded by walls aod baftions, and
<1cfended by a caKlc It was Ukcn
P Y R
by the French in 1794. It ftands at th«
foot of the Pyrenees, near the fonrcc
of the Segra, 48 miles w by s of Pcr-
pignan, and 78 n by w of Barcelona.
Lon. I 50 E, lat. 4236 N.
Puylaurens, a town of France, in the
department of Tarn, a8 miles s by w
of Alby.
Puozz/i, or Pozzuolo, a celebrated*
but now inconliderable city of Italy, on
the bay of Naples. Here are the re-
mains of the temple of Jupiter Serapis,
an iuterefting monument of antiquity,
being ditTercnt from the Roman and
Greek temples, and built in the manner
of the Afiatics ; probably by the Egyp-
tian and Afiatic merchants fettled at
Puzzoli, which was the great emjioriuin
of Italy, till the Romans built Oftia and
Antium. From a heathen temple it is
now changed into a chriflian cathedral ;
and fo much modern work has been
added, that at prefent only the front ctf
the ancient edifice is vifible. Many
other remains of temples, amphitheatres,
and other public buildings in this city,
afford convincing proofs of its former
magnificence. The ruins of Cicero's
villa, near this place, are of fuch extent,
as to give a high idea of the wealth of
that great orator. Puzzoli is lo miles
w of Naples.
Pyrbaum, a town of the palatinate of
Bavaria, capital of a lordfhip of the fame
name. It ftands on the frontiers of
Franconia, 13 miles se of Nuremberg.
PyrtneeSi mountains which divide
France from Spain, and the moft cele-
brated in Europe, except the Alps.
They reach from the Mediterranean to
the Atlantic, about 212 miles in length*
and have different names, according to
their different fltuations. The palfages
over them are not fo difficult as thofe
of the Alps. Thcfe mountains yield
great quantities of timber for lliip-
building, and abundance of p tch and
tar. See Perdu, Mount.
Pyrenees, Eastern, a department of
France, containing the late province of
RoufQIlon. Although great part of the
coimtry is mountainous, it is fertile ;
producing corn, excellent wine, olives,
and oranges ; alfo leather of a fuperior
quality. Perpignan is the capital.
Pyrenees, Lower, a department of
France, containing the late provinces
of iiafques and Beam. Pau is the ca-
pital. .See Navarre.
Pyrenees, Upper, a department of
France, containing the late province of
Bigorre. Here are excellent horfes and
good partridges. The valleys are very
fertile ; furnilhing rye, millet, Spaniih
QUA
corn, and flax. The mountains have
lAines of lea«l, iron, and copper, and
quarries of llatf, marble, and jafper-
Tarbes is tht- capital.
Pyrmont, a town of Weftphalia, in a
county of the fanii' nam<', with a fine
citadel. Near it are mitienl waters,
Vf lb known to all E\uope, and t)ften
frequented by perlbns of the higheft
rank. It is feated in a delij,'htful valley,
between high mountains, 38 miUs sw
of Hanover. Lon. 9 20 e, lat. 51 57 n.
Pyrstein, a town of Bavaria, in the
principality of Pallan, iiifulated in Auf-
tria. It is to miled nw ofLintz, and
iz E of PalTau.
«»'
Q
Quackenbruck, a town of Weftphalia,
in the principality of Ofnaburg ; feated
on the Hafe, 30 miles n of Ofn.iburg.
Quadra and Vancouver Island, an
Sfland on the nw coaft of America, on
the w iide of which is Nootka.' Sound.
It was fo named by captain Vancouver
in c'mpliment to fenor Quadra, the
Spanifli commandunt at Nootka. It is
about 300 miles in length, and 80 in its
greateft breadth.
Quadrel/a, a town of Naples, in
Terra di Lavoro, ao miles ene of Na-
ples.
Quang-fing, a city of Chinn, of the
firft rank, in the province of Pe-tche-li,
41 s miles sse of Peking. Lon. 114 30
E, lat. 36 47 N.
Quaug-si, a pi c 'ince of China, bound-
ed on the N by Knci-tchton and Hou-
quang, w by Yunnan, and the kingdom
cf Tonqnin, s by the pnl! of Tonqnin
and the province of Qnang tong, and e
by the fome .ind Hou-quang. The
fouthern part is a fla! country, and well
cultivaietl ; but the northern is full of
mountains cowredwith trees, and have
miiiesof gold, (ilver, copper, and tin.
It is watered by feveral rivers, and pro-
duces fo much rice, as to fnpply the
inhabitants of Quang-tong torfix months
in the year. Here is a fingular tre(s
which, inftead of piih. contains a foft
pulp, that yields a kind of flour ; and
the bread made of it is faid to be
exceedingly pood. Belide paroquets,
bedge-hogs, and the rhinoceros, a pro-
digious number of wild animals, curious
birds, and uncommon infc<?fs are found
here. Qnei ling is the capital.
Quang tong, a province of China,
1)ounded on the w by Quang-fi and
Tooquin, m by Hou-quang and Kiang-
QUE
fi, KE by Fokien, and s by the China
fca. It is diverlified by valleys and
mountains, and yields two crops of
corn \\\ n year. It abounds in gold,
jewels, filk, pearls, tin, quickfijvcr,
brafs, iron, (tt-el, faltpctre, fugar,
ebony, and feveral forts of odoriferous
wood-, belide fruits of all kinds, Here
is a tree, whofc wood is remarkably
hard and heavy, and thence calli-d iron
wood- The mountains are covered
with a fort of oliers, whiclkcrecp along
the ground, and are fo tough that
bafkcts, hurdles, mats, and ropes are
made of them, The inhabitants breed
a prodigious number of ducks, wliofe
eggs they hatch in ovens. They load
a great number of fmall barks with
flocks of tht'fe birds, and carry them to
the fcaflioie, where the ducks mix
together; and feed on flirimps and other
kinds of fhellfilh left by the tide; and
when night approaches they are col-
ledted together by only beating on a
bafi'i. and each Huck returns to its own
ved'el. Cinton is the capital ; but the
viceroy reiidcs at Ch lo-king.
Qiuutgiciig, a town on the n borders
of the kingdom of Birmah, with a fort,
feated on the Irrawaddy, 1 50 miles nne
of Ummerapoora.
Qiian'tz, a town ofSilefia, in the
principality of Glogau, 11 miles wsV
ofGlogau.
Queaux, a town of France, in the de-
putment of Vienne, ai miles se of
Poitiers.
Quebec, a city and the capital of
Lower Canada, fituate on the n w fliore
of the river Si;. Lawrence- It is di-
vided into ;he upper and lower town ;
the former erec'ted on the fuinmit of a
limeftonc rock, and the latter round the
bafe of the eminence, on the border of
the river. The houfes in each are of
ftotie, and the fortilications llrong,
though not regular. The governor re-
fides in a citadel, which covers the
town, and is both regular and hand-
fome. The cathedral of the catholics
is a plain buihjing, with the fpire on
one Iide cf its front- The jefiiits col-
l«;j;e, a large edifice, is now converted
into a bar:ack for the troops. The
proteftant metropolitan church, and a
houfe for the courts of law, are neat
edifices built on the fite of a nionaftery
di ftroyed by fire in 1796. The feminary
of the catholics and the convent of the
Urfuliuts ar ■ fpacioiis buildiiigp, with
extenfive gardens. On the n fide of
the town is an edifice above 500 feet in
length, containing the office of ord-
naace; an armoury, ftorehgui€8 and
ly the China
valleys and
'O crops of
uls in gold,
qviickfilvcr,
^tre, fiigar,
odoriferous
:inds, Here
remarkably
e callfd iron
ire cMvciod
creep alonjj
tou^l) that
:l ropes are
itants breed
icks, wliofe
They load
barks with
rry the.m to
ducks mix
ps and other
e tide ; and
icy are col-
jatiiig on a
IS to its own
al ; but the
e N borders
with a fort,
o miles nne
•fia, in the
miles wsv»
in the de-
iles s£ of
capital of
Nw fliore
It is di-
wer town ;
mmit of a
round the
border of
ich are of
ns llrong,
overnor re-
covers the
and hand-
le catholics
e ipire on
(ifiiits col-
converted
oi)s. The
ch, and a
are neat
nionaftery
' fern i nary
.■nt of the
ngF, with
N fide of
00 feet ill
e of ord-
Q\\k9 iind
QUE
workfliops, and a public gaol. The
river here narrows fuddenly to the
breadth of a mile ; but hence to the lea
it ij from four to five leagues broad, an J
navigable for men of war. The harhour
is fife and comniodious, and flanked by
two baftions, vaifed 25 feet from the
ground, which is the height of thetiiies
at Jhe time of the equinuX' litre are
feveral dock-yards, and veflels of every
dffcription, from 50 to 1000 tons, are
corltruded of materials found in the
country, but the anchors, fails, and cor-
dage, are generally imported. The in-
habitaats arc ci mputed at 15,000. This
city was ereded by the French in 1605.
The Englirti reduced it with all Canada,
In j6z6; but it was reftored in 163a.
In 1711, it was befieged by the Englifh
without fuccefs ; but was taken by
them, in 1759, after a battle memorable
for the death of general Wolfe, in the
moment of vidory, and confirmed to
them by the pcice of 1763. In 1775,
it was attacked by the Americans under
general Montgomery, who wis (lain,
and his army repulfcd. It is 360 mili-s
by the river, from the Atlantic ocean,
and 330 N of Bofton. L'^'i 71 lo w,
lat. 46 47 N.
QueJa, a city and feaport on the w
coaft of the peninfula of Malaya, the
capital of a kingdom tributary to Siam.
The principal trade is in pepper. It
hiis a good harbour, and is 300 miles
NKW of Malacca. Lon. 99 30 e, lat. 6
5 N.
Quedlhigburgj a town of Upper Saxo-
ny, in the principality of Anhalt, with
a caftle, and a late famous proteftant
abbey, whofe abbefs was a princefs of
the empire. The river Bode divides it
into the old and new town. It has a
trade in brandy and linen, and is 10
miles s by e of Halberftadt. Lon. 1 1
25 E, lat. 51 50 N.
Queen Ann., a town of Maryland, in
Prince George county, fituate at the
foot of a hill, on the Patuxent, 13 milts
sw of Annapolii^, and sa e of Waihiiig-
ton.
Qtuen Charlotte Island, an ifland in
the Pacific ocean, fix miles long and
one broad, difcovered by captain Wailis
in 1767- Lon. 138 4 vv, lat. 19 18 s.
Queen Charlotte Islands, a group of
illuiids in tie Pacific ocean, explored
by captain Carteret in 1767. There is
only one of any conliderable fize,
which he named Egmont, and is the
fame which the Spaniards call St. Cruz. •
It is 60 miles long and from ao to 30
broad, woody and mountainous, with
many vallies intermixed* The inhabit^
QUE
ants are very nimble, vigorous, and
active ; and their weapons are bows and
arrows pointed with flint. On the n
fide is a harbour named Swallow bay.
Lon. 164 26 E, lat. 10 42 s.
Queen Charlotte Sound, a found at
the N extremity of the s ifland of
New ZeiJand, near Cook flrait. The
country here is not fo deep as at Dulky
bay, and the hills near the feafide are
in general of an inferior height, but
covered with fortftb equally intricate
and impenetrable. Lou. 174 14 e, lat.
41 6 s.
Qucenborough, a borough in Kent, in
the ifie of Shepey, governed by a mayor,
with a market on Monday. It had once
a ftrong caltle, liie remains of which
are fiill to be feen. The chief employ-
ment of tht: uihabitants is lifhing, and
oyfters are here in gnat plenty. It is
feated near the mouth of the Atedway,
15 miles NW of Canterbury, and 45
t by s of London. Lon. o 49 E, lat.
51 23 N,
Queenborou^h, a town of s Carolina,
on the w fide of the Great Pedee river,
3^ miles NNw of Georgetown.
Queens County, a iliire of Ireland, in
the province of Leinfter, 30 miles long
and 29 bro;id ; bounded on the N by
Kings county, e by Kildarc, se by
Cathcrhnigh, ;> by Kilkenny, and w by
Tipperary and Kings county. It is
divided into 50 pariflies, contains about
82,000 inhabitants, and fends three
members to parliament. It was <'or-
mcrly full of woods and bogs, but is now
much improved in cultivation. Mary-
borough is the capital.
Queensferry, a borough of Scotland,
in Linlithgowfliire, feated on the frith
of Forth, where it is not more than
two miles wide. It has a trade in foap,
and a much frequented ferry. It is nine
miles w of Edinburg.
Queenstadt, a tou n of Lower Saxony,
in the principality of Halberftadt, five
miles NF. of Halbtrft;<dt.
Q ueem town, a \o\\r. of Upper Canada,
on the river Niagara, jufl billow the lall
rapid. Here all the nierchandiCt; and
ftores received from Kingfton for the
uppti part of the province are fent in
wagons to Chippawa, a diitance of 10
iTiilts, the falls and broken courie of the
river rendering tlie navigation impndi-
cable for that fpnce. It is feven miles
above Fort Niagara, and 20 n by t of
Fort Erie.
Quelch, a river of France, in the
department of Mont Tonnerre, which
pafles by Anweiller and Landau, and
enters the Rhine, ncarGermcrfhoim.
Oo
*^^
Q U I
QU I
Queilirig, a city of China, capital of Mexico, about to miloi long and Rt
(he province of Quang-fi. It has its
came from a llower called quci, which
grows on a tree rcfembling a laurel, and
emits fuch a fweet odour, that it per-
fumes the whole country. It ftands on
a river that runs into the Ta, but with
fuch rapidity as not to be navigable.
It in i»o miles n by w of Canton, and
587 s of Pelving. Lon. 109 5 1 k, lut. 25
12 N.
Quentirt, St. a ftronp town of France,
in the department of Aifne, with a con-
liderable manuftifture of iawi^s and
cambric*. Near this place, in 1557,
Philip I : of Spain gained a fignal vidory
over the French, and afterward took the
town by ftorm. In memory of this, he
built the Efcurial. The town was re-
Itorcd to France in 1559. It is fcated
on an eminence, on the river Somme,
a I miles s of Cambray, and 83 n by e
cf Pari*. Lon. 3 29 t, lat- 49 50 N.
Querty, a l.ite province uf France,
l)Ounded on the N by Linofin, e by
KouerguK and Auvergne, s by I«ino;iir-
I'.oc, and w by Perigoid. It is fertile in
corn, wine, and fruits. It now forms
the department of Lot.
Qucr/urt, a town of Upper Saxony,
lit Thuringia, capital of a principality
«)f the fame name, with a caftfc. It is
fituate on the rivulet Wutc, fnrrounded
by a ditch, 14 milts nnw of Naumburg.
Lon. II 50 t, lat. 51 2j N.
Querimba, a clulU-r of fmall ifl.mds
on the coaft of .Mofamhique, fertile in
tVuits and pallures. They are inhabit-
«ii by tlie dcfccndants of Portuguefe,
«nd fo n;m»cd from the principal one.
Lon. 41 30 F., lat. II 40 !>.
Qiieinat/y a fortified town of France,
in the department of Nord, with an
old caftle- It was taken by the allies in
171 1, and rttaktu the f;ime year. In
1793, it wa."! taken by the Auftrians,
and rotaktii the next year. It is feated
in an extenfive plain, on the rivulet
^ Uonelle, nine miles st of Valenciennes,
and lat NE of Pat is. Lon. 5 40 v., lat.
io 15 N.
Quiberon, a town of France, in the
departnuni of Morbihan, with a fort,
fjtuatc at the extremity of a peninfula,
to the K ofBclleille. In 1795, it was
tnken by fome French regiments in the
pay of Great Britian ; but owing to the
delertion and treachery of fome of the
foldiers, the republicans loon took it by
lutpnfe. It was taken by the Englifh
in I Boo, but evaciiiitrd foou afterward.
It i' 17 niiics &SE of Puit Ltiuis.
Quicuro, An illand in tlie P»cific
ocean, near the co<«U ui \ t-ragua, iu
', auuui JO
broad. Lon. 8» 30 w, lat. 725 N.
Quilimancy, a feaport of Zangncbar,
in the kingdom of Alelinda. It belongs
to the Portuguefe, and ftands at the
mouth of a river of the fame name,
i6 miles ssw of Mclin<'a. Lon. 41 44
E, lat. 3 10 s.
Quil/an, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Aude, 25 miles saw of
Cft. .aflbne.
QuilUboeuf, a town of France, in the
department of Eure, feated on the
Seine, 37 miles w of Rouen, and 42 n w
of Evreaux.
Quiloa, a feaport of Zanpuebar, ca-
pital of a kingdom of the fame name,
with a fmall citadel. This country was
firrt d'fcovered by the Portuguefe, in
M98 ; and it produces abundance of
rice, millet, fruits, cattle, i.*nd poultry.
The inh.ibitants are Mahometans, part-
ly black and partly tawny. The ca-
pital is well built, and (lands on an
idand, at the mouth of the river Coavo.
Lon. 40 9 K, lat. 8 35 ».
Quimpcr, a city of France, capital of
the department of Finiftcrre, and a
biihop's fee. It is feated at the conflux
of the Oder and Benaudet, 34 miles sse
of Brcft, and 112 w by s of Rennes.
Lon. 4 6 w, lat. 47 58 n.
Quimperle, a town of France, in the
department of Fiuifterre, feated on the
Ifotte, 30 miles ese of Quimper.
Quincy, a town of Maflachufets, in
Norfolk county, 10 miles s by e of
Bollon.
Quinfrey, a town of France, in the
department of Doubs, feated on the
Luuve, 12 miles £w of Befancon.
Quin-nonjf, or Chin-chi, a bay on the
coaft of Cochinchina, much frequented
by the velTIs of the country, being an
excellent harbour. The entrance is
narrow, and (hips of burden can only
get in at high water. At the head of
the harbour is the city of Qnin-nong.
Lon. 109 15 E, lat. 13 52 N.
Quimon, a town of France, in the
department of Lower Alps, 28 miles
ssw of Dignc.
Quin/in, a town of France, in the
department of Cotes du Nord, feated
in a valley, 10 miles ssw of St. Brieuc.
Quirfton, an idand in the Atlantic
ocean, near the n eoaft of Newfound-
land. Lou. 55 aa w, tat. 51 40 n.
QuhtcJlo, a town of Italy, in the
Maiituan, famous for an a^ion between
the French and Auftrians in 1734. when
marflial Broglio -vas fuTprifed in his
bed. It is feated on the Stccji^ 1;,
luiiev && of Mantua.
long and fit
F Zangnehar,
. It belongs
lands at the
fame name,
Lon. 41 4i>
ce, in the de-
nilcs ssw of
'ranee, in the
ited on the
n, and 4a nw
mpuebar, ca.
• fame name,
8 country wat
'ortupuefe, in
ibimdance of
, u'nd poultry,
imctans, pavt-
y. The ca-
(lands on an
i river Coavo.
ice, capital of
(lerre, and a
at the conflux
:, 34 miles sse
s of Renncs.
France, in the
fcated on the
iniper.
(Tachiifets, in
es s by E of
ranee, in the
eatcd on the
fancon.
a bay on the
L*h frequented
try, being an
entrance is
den can only
the head of
f Qnin-noiig,
N.
ancc, in the
ps, 28 miles
ance, in the
Nord, feared
of St. Brieuc.
the Atlantic
Newfound-
51 40 X.
taly, in the
^ion between
1734. when
irifc'd in his
QUO
Quit9, an audience of Pern, in the
▼ice royalty of New Granada, lying be-
tween two chains of the higl.* mountains
called the Andet. It was under the
jurifdi(ftion of the viceroy of Peru, until
the 1 8th century, when a new viceroy-
alty was eflablilHed at St. Fe de Bogota,
the capital of New Granada; the jurif-
didion of which includes the whole of
Quito and all the provinces of Terra
Firma. The lands are generally well
cultivated, and there are a great num-
ber of towns and villages inhabited by
the Spaniards or native Americans : fe-
veral diftrids are occupied almoft en-
tirely by Indians. Every village is
adorned with a large fquare, and a
church on one fide of it. The ftreets
arc generally ftraight, and in the direc-
tion of the four cardinal points ; and all
the roads are laid out in u line, crofling
each other, that the afpedt of the coun-
try has the appearance of a large gar-
den. Although this country is Htuate
on both fides the equator, yet it lies fo
high, and fo near the mountains co-
vered with fnow, that the air is very
temperate. There are no noxious ani-
mals ; for the tigers and ferpents are
below in the forefts. This is the only
province in Spanilh America that can be
called a manufadturirtg country. Hats,
cotton ftufTs, and coarfe woollen cloths,
are made here in fuch quantities, as to
furniOi a confiderable article for expor-
tation to other parts of SpaniUi Ame-
rica.
Quito, the capital of the audience of
the fame name, and a bifliop's fee. It
is feated in a pleafant valley, but on
high ground, 9370 feet above the level
of the fea. Here are feveral religions
communities, and two colleges, which
are a fort of univerlity. Having no
mines in its neighbourhood, it is chiefly
famous for manufa(^ures of cotton,
wool, and flax. In 17551 it was wal-
lowed up by an earthquake, but fuon
rebuilt. It is 400 miles sw of St. Fu de
Bogota. Lon. 77 55 w, lat. o 13 s.
Quizama, a piovince in the s part of
the kingdom of Angola. It is full of
mountains, and badly cultivated, but
produces abundance of honey, wax,
and fait. The inhabitants are warlike,
and have not fubmiited to the Por-
tugucfe.
Quinzina, a chain of mountains in
the kingdom of Fez, loo miles in length,
<xtending from the dcfert of Gret to
the river Nocor.
Quoja, an inland country of Guinea,
lying K of Sierra Leone.
RAD
R.
liaab, a town and fortrefs of Lower
Hungary, capital of Javerin, and a bi-
(hop 8 lee. It is a ftrong frontier bul-
wark againll the Turks, and lisatcd at
the conHux of the Uaab and Rab-
nitz, not far from the Danube, 28 miles
SSE of Prefburg. Lon. 17 45 e, lat. 47
38 N.
liaajegur, a town of Hindooftan, in
the province of Malwa, 74 miles nf. of
Ougein, and 214 ssw of Agra. Lon.
76 56 E, lat. 24 2 N.
Uaaza, one of the Hebridvis of Scot-
land, between the mainland of RolT-
ihire and the iileof Skye. It is 12 miles
long and four broad, riling with a gentle
afcont from the w fide to a great height
on the E fide, which is nearly perpen-
dicular. It is famous fttr its millltone
quarries ; and at the nk end ftands
Cattle Broichin, which is a noted fea-
mark. Lon. 6 o w, lat. 57 32 n.
Rabaiteins, a town of France, in the
department of Tarn, on the rivtr Tarn,
18 miles NE of Touloufe.
Rabat, a feaport of Algiers, in Tre-
mefen, with acaflle. It has fine niofqucS
and handfome palaces, and is feated
at the mouth of the Burigrig, between
Fez and Tangier. Lon. 5 28 w, lat. 34
40 N.
Itabemtein, a town of Bohemia, in tin
circle of Saatz, on the river Oltava, it
miles wsw of Rak onitz.
liacca, a town of Afiatic Turkey, ia
Diarbekir, at the conHux of the Belea
with the Euphrates. Near it are the
ruins of old Racca, once a magnificent
city. It is 1 10 miles s by w of Diarbekir.
Lon. 40 10 E, lat. 36 j N.
liachore, a city of Hindooftan, in the
country of Golconda, capital of a
di(lri(ft, fubjeft to the nizam of the Dec-
can. It is feated on the s bank of the
Kifina, 80 miles sw of Hydrabad. Lon.
783 v., lat. 16 22 N.
Raclia, a fmall ifiand of the Archi-
pelago, near that of Nio.
Raconigi, a town of Piedinont, feated
in a plain, between the rivers Grana
and Macra, 18 miles s by \v of
Turin.
RaJeberg, a town of Upper Saxony,
in Mifitia, near which is a bath; called
Augufius bath, difcuvered in 1717. It
is feated on the Roder, eight miles ens
of Drefden.
Radeburg, a town of Upper Saxony,
in Miinia, with a caftle. It-is celebrated
Oo 2
RAG
for earthen ware, and featfd on tlic
Rodcr, 10 miles N of Drefcl«'n.
hadicnfaMi, a town of Tiifcany, in
the Sieniurfe, fcatcd on a ltc«.'p hill, 46
miks if of Sienna.
RfidiripQur, or liadtinpottr, a town of
Hindoofian, ii; the province of Agimorc,
litnatc on the Puddar, 175 miles n of
Siirnt, and 150 sw of Agimcre. Lon.
71 48 E, Irtt. 23 58 K.
JtaciitorNew, a borough of Walest in
Radnorfliire, with a market on Thurf-
day. It is nominally the connty-town,
though a fmall place, and the afljzes are
held at Prcfteign. Three miles e of < it
is Old Radnor, faid to have been the
Magoth of Antoninus, but now an in-
fignificant villMge. New Radnor is
feated near tho fource of the Somergil,
at the foot of a hill, on which a caftJe
formerly ftood, 24 miles nw of Here-
ford, and 159 WNW of London. Lon.
a 4.5 w, lat. 5 J 10 K.
Radnor J hire, a county of Wales, .qo
miles long and 15 broad : bounded on
the R by Shropfliirc and Herefordfhire,
N by Montgomcryfliire, nw by Cnr-
diganfhire, and sw and s by Brecknnck-
Ihire. It contains 316,400 acres, is di-
vided into fix hundreds, and iji pai ifhes ;
has four market-towns ; and fends two
members to parliament. The number
of inhabitants in 1801 was 19,050. Its
principal rivers are the Wye and Tend,
the former dividing it from Bvocknock-
fhire, and the latter from Shroplhire.
The E and s parts are tolerably level
and produ<5live of corn. The other parts
are rude and mountainous; devoted
chieHy to the rearing of cattle and fheep.
Radotti, a town of Poland, in the pa-
latinate ,of Sandomir, feated on a river
that runs into the Viftnla, 60 miles nn w
ofSandomir.
Radomskt a tow.i of Poland, in the
palatinate of Siradia, 50 miles se of
Siradia.
liadstadt, a town of Bavaria, in the
duchy of Salzburg, near the fource of
the Ens, 35 miles ese of Salzburg. Lon.
13 26 E,lat. 47 18 N.
Jtagi'vo/o, a town ofltaly, in the Man-
tuan, 19 miles s of Mantua.
Ragland, a village in Monmouthfliire,
five miles n e of Ulk. It is famous for
» its caftle, where Charles i pafled much
of his time, and lived in a Magnificent
ftyle. This caftle was the laft in Crom-
well's time, which furrendered to ge-
neral Fairfax.
Ragnit, a town of Pruffian Lithuania,
with a very ancient caftle, in which is a
large royal magazine for provifiont, .See.
R A I
It is fltuate on the Niemcn, 56 miiea
r.NE of Kouigfberg. Lon. n 30 e,
lat. 55 30 N.
Ragoogttr, a town of Hindooftan, in
the province of Malwa, 116 miles nk
of Oudein, and 256 s of Delhi. Lon.
77 30 E, lat. 24 S3 N.
RagujM, :i town of Sicily, in Val di
Nato, near the river Manlo, 18 Tiiles
WNW of Noto.
Ragusa, a city and feaport of lal-
matia, capital of Ragufen, and an arcli-
bilhop'3 fee. It is two miles in circum-
ference, and ftrong by fituation, having
an inacceflfible mountain on the land
fide, and a ftrong fort on the gulf of
Venice. It has a confiderable trade
with the Turks, and is 66 milea w of
Scutari. Lon. 17 55 e, lat. 42 32 n.
Ragnsen, a territory of Dalmatin,
lying along the coaft of the gulfof Vt>
nice, about 55 miles long and 20 broad.
It was a republic, under the proteiflion
of the Turks and Venetians; but now
is annexed to Italy. The foil is fo bar-
ren, that the inhabitants receive. the
greateft part of their neceflarics from
the neighbouring iflands and Turkilli
provinces. The Ragufians profeCs the
Roman catholic religion, but the Greek,
Armenian and Turkifh perfuafions arc
tolerated for conveniency. Ragufa ii
the capital.
Rajamundry, a town of Ilindooftaii,
capital of one of the five Circars. The
principal riches confifts in teak timber.
It is feated on the Godavery, 35 mile;;
from its mouth, and 1 70 sw of Cicacole.
Lon. 81 ^"j K, lat. 17 o >f.
RajapouTy a town of Ilindooftan, in
Concan, feated at the mouth of a livtr
of the fame name, fix miles n of Geriah.
RajemaU a town of Ilindooftan, in
Bengal, formerly a place of great trade,
but liuw in a ruinous ftate. It is featal
on the w bank of the Ganges, 68 miles
NNw of Moorihedabad. Lon. 87 50 e,
lat. 250 K.-
Rahiy a fortified town of Bavaria,
feated on the Acha, near the Lech and
the Danube, 12 miles w ot Neuburg.
' W;/, or Old Rain, a town of Scot-
la.'-. , in Aberdeenfliire, near the river
Ury, 23 miles nw of Aberdeen.
Rain Laie, a lake of N America,
lying E of Lake of the Woods, and w
of Lake Superior. It is nearly 100 miles
long, and in no part more than 20 wide.
Raisin, Market, a town in Linci'-'
fhire, with a market on Thurfda),
fituate near the fource of the Ancholm,
i6 miles ne of Lincoln, and 147 n of
London.
RAM
Tlaiehburgt a town of Germany, in
Stiria* which has a confiderablt; trade
in wine and iron. It is a frontier for-
trefs toward Hungary, and fituate on
an iJlandin tlie river Mucr, 36 miles se
of Gratz. Lon jj ^8 14,1.11.4645 n.
liaiofiitz, a town of Bohemia, capital
of a circle of the fame name. V«;ry
good beer is brewed here, and forms
the principal article of trade. It is
icated on the Miza, 34 miles vv of
Prague. Lon. 14 o e, lat. 50 5 n.
I!n!e,frb, the capital of N Carolina, in
Wake county. It was named after the
celebrated fir Walter Ralegh, under
whofc diredlion the firft fettlement in N
America was made at Roanoke ifland.
Here is a large and handfome llate-
houfe, and feveral other public build-
ings. The rtmotenefs from navigation
is its greatell difadvantage. It is 95
miles wN w of Newbern, the former ca-
pital, and 145 wsw of PgterJburg in
Virginia. Lon. 78 51 w, lat. 35 40 n.
nama, or l'a»nila, a town of Palef-
tinc, with many fine ruins of Chriftian
churches and other buildings, which
fliow what it has been formerly. It is
so miles w by n of Jerufdem.
llamada, a town of Terra Firma, in
the province of St. Martha, 100 miles e
of St. Martha. Lon. 72 ao w, lat. 11
10 N.
liamagiri, a town of Hindooftan, in
Myfore, feated on the w fide of the
Arkawati, with a ftrong fort on the op-
polite bank, on a large rocky hill, 50
miles N E of Seringapatam.^
liamanad, a town of Hindooftan, in
Mazawar, 64 miles se of Madura, and
95 s by w ot Tanjore. Lon. 78 56 w,
lat. 9 JO N.
Rambert, St. a town of France, in
the department of Ain, near the river
Alberine, 34 miles ssE of Bourg en
BrtOc-.
Rambert, St. a town of France, in the
dipnrtmcnt of Loire, near the river
Loire, 1 2 miles se of Montbrifon.
RambervUler, a town of France, in
the department of Vofges, 30 miles
SE of Nancy.
RambauilUty a town of France, in the
department of Seine and Oife. Here
was a royal palace, which was domo-
liflied in 1793, by order of the national
convention. It is 27 miles sw of
Paris.
Rame Head, a promontory on the s
coaft of England, the w point of the
entrance into Plymouth found. On its
fummit is a church (a feamark) belong-
ing to the village of Rame. Lon. 4 is
w, lat. 50 19 N.
RAM
Ramfry, a town of France, In the de-
partment of Aube, on the river Aube^
18 miles NE of Troycs.
Rnm'dlcs, a town of the Netherlands*
in Brabant, memorable for a great
vidory obtained by the duke of iVIarl-
borough, over the French, on Whitfun-
day, 1706. It is feated at the fource of
the Geete, 10 miles n ofNumur, and 24
SE of Jirufll'ls.
Itamijuram, an illand in the gulf of
Manara, at the w end of Adams bridge,
and feparated from .Marawar on the
continent of Hindooftan, by a narrow
channel. It is 30 miles in circuit ; con-
tains fome beautiful trees, a few vil-
lages, and a ce' .cd pagoda. Lou. 79
22 E, lat. 9 I
Uamla, » luvvn of I'aleftine, the an-
cient Arimathea, now in a ruinous ftate.
Here is a manufacture of foap, which is
fent into all parts of Egypt. It is 18
miles Nw of Jerufalem.
Rammekens, a feaport of Zealand, in
the ille of Waicheren. It was one of
the towns put into the hands of the
Knglilh, as a fecurity for a loan in the
rcigii of queen Elifabeth. It is four
miles s of Middlcburg, Lon. 3 40 e,
lat. 51 29 N.
liammelberg, a lofty and extenfive
mountain of Germany, in that part of
the Hartz foreft which lies within the
principality of Gurbeuhagen. On this
mountain are feveral lilver mines i and
at the foot of it is the city of Goflar.
Rampour, a town of Hindooftan, in
Delhi, 32 miles s of CoIIipour, and 105
E of Delhi.
Ramsbury, a village in Wiltfliire, fix
miles E of iVIarlborough. It is noted
for its fine beer, of which great quanti-
ties are fent to London. Many Roman
antiquities have been found in the
neighbourhood-
Ramsay, a town of the ifle of Man,
fituate on a large bay, on the n e coaft.
The bay affords good anchorage, but
the harbour will only admit fmall veflels.
Near it is a lighthoufe ; and the entrance
of the towi. is d"'^"nded by a fort. It
is 15 miles N liy e of Douglafs. Lon.
4 26 w, 'at. 54 18 N.
Ramsey, a town in Huntingdonfhire,
with a m.irket on Saturday. It had
formerly an extenfive abbey, but the
ruins of r. gateway is all that remains.
It is feated in the fens, near the meres
of Ramfey and Wittleiey, :a miles ne
of Huntiugdon, and 69 n of London.
Ramsey, an ifiand on the coaft of
Wales, feparated from PeiJ.brofce{hire
by a naiTow channel, called Ramfey
Sound. Near it \% a group of danger-
n A N
em rockii known by the name of the
Bininp and his Clerks, frequented in the
breeding fcafon hy vift miiltitndes of
feafowla. Tho id^nd is two miles long
and one nnd i\ quarter broad, and four
tniles w by s ot St. David. Loii. 5 ao
w, lat. 51 55 N.
Hams^attt a feaport In Kent, in the
ide of '1 hunt t, near the Downs, with a
market on Wednefday and Saturdiy.
The harbour u nearly circular, and han
two fine louL- tiers, a dry dock, and
a lighthoufc. llamfgate is a member
of tho port of Sandwich, and is much
frequented as a bathing-place- It is 17
miles V by n of Canterbury, and 71
FSE of London. Lon. i 24 £, lat. 51
to N.
Hamteak, a town of Ilindooftan, in
lierar, held (acred to Ram, by the Hin-
doos, wlio havf a temple here. It is 18
miles N N K of Nagpour.
lianaiy one of the Sandwich idands,
in the Pacific ocean, about three leagues
w of Mowee. The s part is high and
craggy ; but the other parts have a bet-
ter afpedt, and are well inhabited. It
produces very few plantains and bread-
fruit trt c8, but abounds in yams, fweet
f>otatoes, and taro. Lon. 156 51 w,
ai. 20 48 N.
JianJalstonvH, a borough of Ireland,
in the county of Antrim, four miles
www of Antrim.
lianderadt, a town of France, in the
department of Roer, lately of Germany,
in the duchy uf Juliets; feated on the
i-iver Worm, 10 miles nw of Julitrs.
lianden, a town of Denmark, in N
Jutland, near the mouth of the Gude,
«5 miles e of Wiburg.
Itangamatty, u town of liindooftan,
capital of a circar in Bengal. It has a
celebrated pagoda, and ftunds near the
Burriimpootei , on the confines of AfTam
and Bootaii, 170 miles ne of Moorflie-
'dabad- Lon. 90 8 t, lat. s6 10 n.
■ Rangoon, a feaport of Pegu, and the
t>rineipal mart for teak timber, in the
Btrman empire. It was founded by
Alompro, king of Birmah, in 1755 ; and
is the refidence of a governor, who
lives within the fort. Here is a cuftoni-
houfe built of brick, but the wharfs
and dwclling-houfe.s are all conftruded
of wood. In its neighbourhood are
numerous convents; and two rfiiles n
of the town, on a rocky eminence, is a
vciy grand temple, which is a fplendid
objeft at the diftance of many miles.
Rangoon is feated on the moft eaftern
branch of the lirawaddy (which hence
to the fca is Cdlled the Rangoon or
%riAn river) i« «ifles « of its mouth.
R A S
Knd 60 s of Pegu. Lun. 96 10 i, lat.
a6 48 N.
Jlanis, n town of Upper Saxony, in
Mifiiia, with a caftle on a mountain, 19
miles sw of Ncwftadt.
Jiannoch, Loch^ a lake of Scotland,
in the n part of Perthfhire, 1 1 miles in
length. It receives the waters of Loch
Ericht, from the n , and communicates
with Loch Tumcl on the 1 , and Loch
Lidoch on the w. On its s fide is a
foreft of birch and pine.
Rantampour, a town and fortrefs of
Hindooltan, capital of a circar of the
fame name, in the country of Agimerc.
It is 96 miles E of Agimere, and 105
wsw of Agra. Lon. 76 57 e, lat. a6
35 N.
Rantxoiu, a town of Lower Saxony,
in the duchy of Holftein, 24 miles n by
w of Luhec.
Raolconda, a town of Hindooftan, in
Vifiapour, near which is a rich diamond
mine. It is ao miles nnw of Solla-
ponr.
Uaon (Eta/>e, a town of France, in
the department of Metirte, feated at
the conflux of the Etape and Meurtc,
30 miles !>£ of Nancy.
Rapallo, a town of the territory of
Genoa, fcatod on a bay of the fame
name, 16 miles ese of Genoa.
Rapliot!, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Donegal, and a bilhop's fee.
The cathedral ferves as a parifli church.
It is II miles sw of Londonderry, and
21 NE of Donegal.
Rapolla, a town of Naples, in Bafili*
cata, five miles w of Venofa.
Raftpahannoc, a river of Virginia,
which rifis in the mountains, called the
Blue Ridge, and flows by Falmouth,
Frederic(burg, Portroyalj Leeds, Tap-
pnhannoc, and Urbanna, into Chefapculc
l«y.
Rapptrschvjcil, a town of SwilTer-
land, in the canton of Zurich, feated 011
a neck of land that advances into the
lake of Zurich, over which is a wooden
bridge, 1850 -feet long. It is i8 milts
SE of Zurich, and 20 nw of Glaris.
Rappiy a town of Anflria, on the
river Ttya, eight miles n by w of Horn.
Raritan^ a river of New Jerfey, which
runs by Brunfwick and Amboy into
Arthur Kull foimd, and helps to form
the fine harbour of Amboy.
Raschid. See Rosetta.
Rascia, the eaftern divifion of Sclavo-
nia, watered by the river Rafca, which
runs into the Morave. The inhabitAnts
are called Rafcians.
Raseborg, a feaport of Sweden, ca-
pital of a canton in Nyland. It is feated
Ru
BAT
•n the |u1f of Finland, 37 miles •■ of
Abo. Lon. 23 18 El lat. 60 16 n.
Ratptnburj^t a town of Upper Sax-
ony, in Thnringia, near which are fomc
mciiicina! (priiigs, and t1u> ruins of the
once celebrated caftic of KadVbnrg. It
in filiiatt* on the river LofTi, un the ridge
of mountains called Finne, 15 miles nnk
ofWrimar.
litistadt, a town of Snabia, in the
margravate of B.-td*.'i!, with a noble
caftle. In i7i4t a treaty was conclud-
td hen; between the French and Auftri-
ans; and in 1796, the former defeated
the latter near this pUce. It is feated
on the Merg, near the Rhino, five m<te3
NE of Baden, and 34 aw of Phifipf-
burg.
Raitenburg, a fortified town of E
Prulfin, with a caftle, 46 miles SK of
Konigiberg.
Ratenau, a town of Brandenburg, in
theMiddle mark, ft-attd on the Havel,
l^roles N by w^)f Hrandenburg.
liatibor, a town of Siirfia, capital of
a principality of the lame name, with
a cuille. The cathedral and townhoufe
are worthy of notice- It ia feated on
the Oder, in a country fertile in corn
and fruits, 15 miles nk of Ti-oppau,
and 85 ssE of Bredau. Lon. 18 13 t,
lat. 50 1 N.
Ratingen, a town of Weftphalia, in
the duchy of Berg, fix miles nk of Duf-
fcldorf.
Rathbon, or . Regensburf[, a ftrong
city of Bavaria, lately imperial, and an
epifcopal fee, but now the capita!>of the
principaHty of Ratiibon, and the fee of
an archbidiop, transftrred from Mentz
to this place in 1798. The abbey of
St. Emmeran contains the relics of St.
Denys, a valuable library, and a fine
coUctftion of mathematical inftrumcnts.
The townlu)ufe is magnificent, and in
its hall the general diet* of the empire
ufed to meet. The inhabitants, in ge-
neral, are protefiants, and about ^4,000.
R<iti{bon has a great trade in fait, for
which it is a depot, and fends lar];c
quantities of corn and wood to Vienni.
It has an ancient bridge of 15 arches
over the Danube, and Hands on the s
fide of that river, at the iiiflux of the
Regen, 6* miles n by e of Munich, and
• 95 w by s of Vienna. Lon. jj 6 k,
lat. 48 58 N.
Uatoath, a borough of Ireland, in
the county of Meath, is milei e of
Trim, and la nw of Dublin.
Ratmansdorf, a town of Germany,
in Carniola, with a caftle, 20 miles s by
■w of Clagenfurt.
RtLtolfzellj a ftrong town of Suabia,
R A V
on that part of the lake of Conftance
called '/eller See^ 11 miles nw of Con<
ftance.
Itah/in, or Rotzkoj a town and for-
ticfs of Sclavonia, on the n fide of the
S.ive, oppofittf the influx of the Drin,
.go miles sw of Ptterwardein.
Rattan. See liuatun.
Rattenberg, a fortifieil town of Ger-
many, in Tyrol, with a citadel. In its
vicinity are copper mines, which alfo
yield lome filvcr. It is fituate on the
Inn, 26 miles SNt of Infpruck, and 44
»w of Sal/bnrg.
Ratzeburg, a fortified town of Low( r
Saxony, capital of a principality of the
fame name, fubjei^ to the duke of
Mecklenburg-Strt'lit/,. The town is
feated on an ifland, in the miilfl of a
lake, 30 miles in circumference. The
buildings are of brick, and almod everf
houfi; is fhadcd with a tree. From the
lake of Ratzeburg iffntJS the river Wak-
nitz, which joind the Trave near Lubec.
Rittzebuig is noted for its excellent beer,
and is 14 miles s by k of Lubec, and 22
s of Laueuburg. Lon. 10 5» e, lat. 53
43 ^'
RauJuitz, a town and caftle of Bo-
hemia, in the circh^ of Raconitz, feated
on the Elbe, 20 miles n of Prague.
Ravello, a town of Naples, in Prin-
cipato Citcriore, lo miles w of Salerno,
and 25 SE of Naples.
Ravenglasst a feaport in Cumber-
land, with a market on Saturday. It
ftands «)n an inlet of the Irifli fea, be-
tween the Mite and Elk, which, with
the Irt, run into this inlet, and form a
good harbour; but the adjacent coun-
try hirnifhing little for exportation, its
chief trade is in oyfters. Two miles
from the town, on the s fide of the Elk,
are ruins of three mites in circum-
ference, called the City of Barnfcar, of
v'hich no hiltorical documents appear
to exilt. Ravenglafs is (6 miles sse t,f
Whitehaven, and 279 xsw of London.
Lon. 3 30 w, lat. 54 22 n.
Ravenna, a city of Italy, capital of
Roinagna.and an archbiihop's fee, with
feveral colleges, a great number of reli-
gious houfes, and a ruinous citadfl. It
had a celebrated harbour, but the fea
has gradually withdrawn four miles from
the town. It is now chiefly noted for
the excellent wine produced in its neigh-
bourhood. Tneodoric, king of th«
Goths, refided here, and afterward the
exarchs of the Greek emperors. Tht;
maufoleum of Theodoric is ftill to be
feen, and is covered by a fingle itone, a 8
feet in diameter, and 15 thick. Ra-
venna Is featvd on the river Mantoue,
U K A
^7 miles 8E of Fcrrara, and i6» N of
\<am<'. I,on ij;, Kjlat. 44 25 n-
Havenibcrjf, a town of Willphalia,
capital of a county of its nami'. Th«
calHi- of itij aiiciont coiinta is fca'ed on
a inoiintaiii. It is 15 miles enl of
Mimllcr, and 36 sw of Miniltn.
Uavensburg^ a town of Siialiia, htely
a fny town. It lias a coiiruk-iablc trade,
particularly in paprr, and is ftatcd on
tilt- (Jheiifs, 18 miles n of Lindau.
lia-je>tein, a town of Dutch Bial)ant,
capit-ih of a county of the famt- nanif,
with a caftie; feati d on the Mcufc,
tijlit miles wsw of Nimtguen.
lirtvitz, a town of Poland} in the pa-
latinate of Hofnani , with a conlidcra-
ble manufafture of cloth, 24 miles s of
Pofcn.
liaumo, a town of Sweden, in Fin-
land, near the gulf of Bothnia, 20 miles
s of Biorntbiirg, and 55 n by \* of Abo.
liauschenbafr, a town or Geimany,
in Upper HcflV, feven miles nne of
MiM-huig, and .^2 »sw of Caffel.
Jftiiivei', a river of Hlndooflan, one of
the five E branches of the Indus- It
riles in Lahore, en the borders of Tibet,
flows by the city of Lahore to Toii-
lomb.), in the country of Moultan,
and 28 miles below joins the Chun«nl^.
The Rauvee is the Ilydraotes of Alex-
anr^er.
lia^.va, a town of Poland, capital of
a palatinate of the fame name, with a
ftrong caftlc. It is Rated m a morafs,
and almoft furrounded by the river
Rawa, 55 miles sw of Warfaw. Lon. 19
55 '•-.lit. 51 5' N-
Raynham, a town of MaflTachufets,
in Brijtol county, with manufaiflures of
iron ; fcuted near the river Taunton,
four miles nne of Taunton, and 3 j s of
Bofton.
Raypour, a town of Hindooftan, iti
Orifla, near the river Muhanada. 60
miles s of Ruttunpour, and Do w of
Sumbulpour.
Re, an ifland of France. 16 mibss long
and four broad, feparattd from the coaft
of Lower Charente by the ftrait of
Breton, about leven miles wide. The
produdts are bitter wine, f.lt, brandy,
and the liquor called anifeed. St. Mar-
tin is the capital.
Tieadiiif^t a borough and the capital
of Betkftiire, govern, d by a mayor,
with a market on Satuiday. It has
three churclies, and feveral meeting-
houfcs. The principal manufactures
are canviis, blankets, ribands, and
pins; and great quantities of malt,
flour, and timber are fent hence to
London. Here are the ruins of a rich
RED
abbey, in which Henry 1 was interrrd.
The number of inhabitants in 1801 was
^74:. It is fea'ed on the Kennet, near
jts conflucrct with the Thames, s6
miles iSK of Oxford, and 37 w of Lou-
don. Lon. o 5a w, laf. 51 28 v.
Reading a town of Pennfylvania, ca-
pit il of Berks county, with four edifices
for public woilhip, and a large one for
the public offices. In 1795, the county
voted i2,oool. for building a bridge
here over the Schuylkill, on which the
town is feati'd, 54 miles nw of Phila-
delphi.i, Lon. 76 10 w, lat. 40 2: N.
litulcgp^ a Icaport of Mexico, in
the province of Nicaiagua, with three
churches The chief trade is in pitch,
tar, and cordajre It is fituate among
fwanifis, on u river of the fame name,
near its mouth, 30 miles wnw of Leon,
to which it fervc;. as a harbour. Lon.
H7 44 W, lat. 12 4: N.
lieiilmoiit, a town of France, \% the
department of Tarn, 1 1 miles s by k of
Alby.
RealvUU, a town of France, in the
department of Lot, eight miles nk of
iVJontauban, and jo s of C'ahors.
Rehnick, a town of European Turkey,
in Walachia, and a hilhop's, fee, fcatcd
on the Aluta, 45 miles sw of Targo-
wifco.
Rcccan. See Aracan,
Reccanati, a town of ^taly, in the
marquifate of Ancona. It has a great
fair in Septeinber, which continues ij
days; and isfeated on a mountain, near
the river Munfone, 14 miles s of Au-
cona.
Reckem, a town of the Netherlands,
in the territory of Liege, feated near
the Meufe, five miles n of Maeftricht.
Recklinghausen, a town of Germany,
in the circle of Lower Rhine, capital of
a county of the fame name. It has a
flrong citadel, and is feated on the Lippe,
20 miles ssw of Munder. Lon. 7 ^l e,
ht. 5] .?8 N.
Reculver, a village in Kent, at the
mouth of a fmall branch of the Stour,
eight miles NE of Canterbury. It is 'he
Regulbium of the Romans ; and it" an-
cient church has two fpires, which are
called by mariners the Two Sifters.
Rtd Heady a cape of Scotland, in
Angusfliire, the s point of Lunan b.iy.
Here are the ruins of a caftle, almoft
I'urronndid by the fea.
Red Lake, a lake of N America, ly-
ing s of Lake of the Woods. It is 60
miles long and 15 broad, and on the N
fide is fed by feveral fmall rivers. Its
outlet is at the se extremity, in lat. 47
30, and called Red River, which flows
REE
into the MiflTinippi a little above St.
Anthony Fallit-
lied Seat a f*'a ceKbrated in holy
writ. It extendi i.^oo miles from n to
ii, dividing Africa tVom Arabiii, and is
200 brouil, in the widcft p^rt. It is
fcparated from the Mediterranean Tea
on tht' N, by the ifthmus of Suez, and
communicates on the s, by the ftrait of
Bab 'hnandel, with the Indian uccan.
Uedl>riJ^e, :\ vili.ijjo in Mamplhire, at
the moutli of the Tcft, three miles w of
Southampton. It has a aonllderahle
trade in coal, timber, corn, &c. and
Ihip-building is alfo carrird on. I'he
Andovci canal terminates at this place.
Hedoit, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Illc and Vilainc. It, ferves
ar, a mart for the commerce of Reiines,
and is featcd on the Vilaine, ao miles e
of Vanncs, and ,,^2 ss^v of Rennes. Lon.
J lo w, bt. 37 48 N.
Iledondcla, a town of Spall, in Oa-
licia, with a ftron',' cdtle. It wai pil-
l.igcd by the Rnglifh in 170a, and flandi
oa Vigo biy, eight miles ne of Vigo.
Rcdondo, a town bt Portugal, in B' iia,
with a callle, fc.itcd on the Mondego,
17 iriles -w of Coimbra.
Redondo, a town of P(;rtiiga1, in
Alcntcjo, at the fcot of a mountain, 23
railts bw of Kiviis.
liedruth, a town in Cornwall, with a
market on Tuefday and Friday. It is
featcd in the vi-iy heart of the mining
country, 12 miles bi by e of Hclftone,
and 26,^ w by i of London.
Hedstonc, a town of Pennfylvania, in
Allegany county, fituate on the Monon-
galia. Large boats called Kentucky
boats are built here, and it has a rope-
walk, and a manufa(5tnre of paper. Jt
is 30 miles s by v- of Pittlburg.
Hees, a town of Weftphalia, in the
duchy of CIcve, feated on the Rhine, 10
miles Nw of Wefel.
Reett or Renst a town of France, in
the' department of Rhine and Mofelle,
lately of Germany, in the elciftorate of
Treves. Hard by it, on the Rhine, is
the Kon'r^stuh!, or T/troiius Rcqalis, a ro
markablc piece of antiquity; confining
of a round vault, built of freeftone, and
rtfting on nine ilone pillars, one of
^vhich ftands in the middle. The vault
in eighty feet in ciicumfcreuce, and has
two ftout doors, tin; afcent to which is
by twenty-eight ftone fteps. It is fur-
nidied with feven f. ats, agreeable to the
number of ele(Jtors at that time ; and
on this regal chair the eleftors of Ger-
many formerly held confultations rela-
tive to the eletftion of a king and em-
peror, and other weighty matters of
. REG
the empire. Kees is ieMtA near the
Rhine, nve roilct s by R of Cohh-ntz.
Rtetz, a town of Br.indenburg, in the
New mark, on the river Ihna and fron-
tiers of Pomerania, 18 miles ksb of
New Stargnrd.
Rfgcn, a town of Bavaria, on a river
of the fame name, u miles nne of
Deckeudorf, and 40 e of Ratilb )n.
Re^ffisberg, a town of Swiflerland,
in the canton of Zurich, capital of a
bailiwic of the fame name, with a Itrong
oflle. It is feuted on a rock, called the
Lajcerbcrg, 10 miles nw of Zurich.
Rrf^euihurg. See liatisbon.
Rei^enstaii/, a town of Bavaria, in the
principality of Neuburg, on the rirer
Repen, eiglit miles n by E of Ratilbon.
Ri'gi-njtei/t, a town of Lower Saxony*
in the piincipality of Ilulberlladt, flx
mill's I of Halberftadt.
Regenswalde, a town of Further Po-
meranii, with a callle, feated on the
Rcga, 24 mile", esf. of Cimin.
Rigyr'io, a feaport of Naples, in Ca-
labria Ulleriore, and an archbifhop'g
fee. < he churches, convents, and many
houfes, are built of Itones horn ancient
edifices, and numerous infcriptions are
to be met with on the walls of them.
The environs prodijce the bell filk in
Calabria; and on the coaft is found a
fpecies of mufcic, that yields a kind of
wo^l, of which gloves and ft.u kings are
made. Ri'ggio was nearly deftroyed by
an eirthquake in 1783. It is featt'd on
the ftrait of Meflina, is miles esb of
Mefliiia.and 95 s bywof Cofenza. Lon.
16 o £, lat. 38 4 N.
Reggioy a city of Italy, capital of a
duchy of the fame name, included in
that of Modcna. and a bifhop's fee,
with a ftrong citadel. In the cathedral
are paintings by the grcateft mafters;
and in the fquare is the ftatue of Bren-
nus, chief of the Gauls. The principal
trade is in filk. It was taken by prince
Eugene in 1706, and by the king of
Sardinia in 174; In 1796, the inhabit-
ants were the firfl: Italians tliat re-
nounced allegiance to their fuvereigu,
and folicited the protection of the
French. Reggio is the birthplace of
the poet Ariofto. It is feated in a fer-
tile country, on the river Teflone, 15
miles NW of Modena, and 80 SE of
Milan. Lon. u 5 e, lat. 44 43 n.
Reghebilt a town of Negroland, in
the country of Wangara, fituate on a
like at the influx of a branch of the
Niger, 240 miles e by s of Ghanara.
Lon. 19 lo E, lat. 13 20 n.
Regina, a town of Naples, in Cala-
bria Citeriore, 14 miles n ef Cofenza,
RE I
Sejfht Sf. a town of Lovtrer Canada,
fitiiatc on the boundary line that fepa-
la'tes Ca]).i(la from the'Vnitt^d StateSi
and on a river nf its name, at its junc«
tion with tin* St. Lawrence, 50 miles
HW of Montreal. Lon. 74 10 w, lat.
450 N.
Hegnant, a town of Italy, in the pa-
trimony of St. Peter, fcated near the
Tiber, 1 7 miles n of Rom«'.
liitie/ienaut an ifland of Suahia, in
the Zcller See, or lower lake of Con-
ftance, th~ec miles long and one broad.
It abounds with vines land other fruit-
trees^ and hieiy und a rich abboy, of
vhich the bilhop of Conflance was
abbot. It is four miles w of Conflance.
lieuhenauf a town of Swiflerland, in^
the canton of Grifons, feated in a fertile
valley, at the con flux of the two branches
that form the linine, fevcn miles sw of
Coire.
lieicbenbacht a tonn of Silefia, in the
principality of Schweidnitz. It has
coniiderabic manufadures of linen, can-
vas, and fufti.m, and is feated on the
rivulet Peil, 10 miles se of Schweidnitz.
Reichevbacht a tqwn of Upper Sax-
•ny, in Voigtland. The inhabitants arc
principally clothiers ; and their me-
thod of dying, particularly fcarlet, is
lirought to great perfe(ftion. It is 10
miles ssw of Zurickau.
Iteicbenbergt a town and cattle of
Germany, in the circle of Upper Rhine,
and county of Cat'/enellenbogen, feated
on a mountain, near. the Rhine, five
miles E of Rein fels.
lieichenberg, a town of Bohemia, in
the circle ct Buntzlau. It has a great
manufadure of cloth, and is 28 miles N
of Jung Bunt/lau.
lieicliettfeht a town of Germany, in
Cavinthia, 24 miK's ne of Ciagenfurt.
ReiduuhaUy a town of Bavaria, with
a rich fait fpiing. Some fait is made
here ; but, for want of fuel, mod of the
Cill water is carried a diftancf of 14
miles, by engines and pipes, over the
hills to Traunftcin. It is feated on the
Sala, nine milts sw of Salzburg.
licici:skofcn, a town of I'Vance, in the
deparuncnt of Lower Hhinv., with a
catUe, liinc miles n of Haguenau.
lififf'crsehciJf a town ot France, in
the dcpartin'nt of Sarre, lately of Ger-
many, and capital of a county in die
ducl.y oi Jiilii IS. It iti feated on the
EifTti, .,0 miles ssw of Cologne, and j»
N by V. of Treves.
litlii, a town of Germany, in Stiria,
on the river Save, i-; miles ssk of Cilly.
litiiitTy a town ui' ."silcfi.i, in the coiuity
01 LiiUi/, \vitu « uiineiul {^niiv^, ami
R B N
manufaAures of cloth and paper, ix
miles w of Glatz.
liehenburgi a town of Pruflia, in the
Erovince of Oberland, formerly the re-
dence of the bilhops of Pomerania.
Near it is an ancient cattle. It is 78
miles sw of Koniglberg. Lon. xo 5 e,
lat. Si SI..
liembervillertZ town of France, in the
department of Vofges, 17 miles nke of
Epinal.
Rtmich, a town of the Netherlands,
in Luxemburg, on the Mofelle, ao miles
SE of Luxemburg.
Remiremont, a town of France, in the
department of Vofges, feated on the
Mofelle, at the foot of the Vofges, 11
mileH J.SE of Epinal.
Remo, St- a town of the territory of
Genoa, iituate in a fruitful valley, with
a good harbour, in the Mediterranean,
fevcn miles k by n of Viutimiglia, and
17 WNW of Oncglia.
Remi/y St- a town of France, •.. the
department of Mouths of the Rhone.
A triumphal arch, and a maufoleum, in
the neighbourhood, difplay the tafte of
the Auguttan age : the firft is not entire ;
but the fecond is in the bed ftate of pre-
fervation. St. Remy is 10 miles nl of
Aries.
Rendsburgy a fortified town of Lower
Saxony, in the duchy of Holftein, on
the frontiers of Slefwick, and on the
river Eyder. It is compofed of three
parts, the Old Town, the Sklcufskulc,
and the New Town ; the former of
which ftands on an ifland formed by the
river. The principal manufadures are
porcelain, earthen ware, and gold and
filver lace ; and its trade in timber, by
mi'ans of the Eyder canal, is coniidera-
ble. It is 15 miles w of Kiel, and 16
ssB of Slefwick. Lon. 9 53 E, lat- 54
20 N.
Re»/re<iif, a borough of Scotland, and
the county, town of Renfrewfliire. The
ftrincipal branch of trade is the thread,
)ut many looms arc employed in the
filk and mnflin manufadures. Robert
1 1 had a palace here, of which nothing
remains but the exterior ditch. It is
feated near the Clyde, to which there is
a canal, 11 miles w by n of Glafgow,
and 13 K by s of Greenock. Lon. 4 16
w»l'it. 55 54 f^-
Retifrewshircy a county of Scotland,
28 miles long, and from 10 to ao broad ;
bounded on the w and n by the frith
of Clydi', E by Lanerkfhire, and s by
Ayrfhiie. It is divided int(» 17 parilhes,
and the number of inhabitants in 1801
was 78,oi;8. In the N part, toward the
borders vjf the Clyde, the foil h fertile.
but
rathe
wate|
and
Paiflf
R{
\nm
miles
* R E Q
bat the s part ib mountainous, and
rather barren. Beflde the Clyde, it is
watered by the Gryfe, and the White
and Black Cart. The largeft town is
Paifley.
Renit a town of European Turkey,
in BeflTurbia, f ;ated on the Danube, 135
miles sw offi^nder. Lon. 27 40 e, hit.
45 ^5 N. "
liennes, ». city of France, capital of
the depaanient of Ille and Vilaine, and
a bifhop's fee. It contains eight parilh-
churches, befide the cathedral, and fe-
vcral convents. The ftreets are broad
and ftraight ; but they were narrow
before the fire in 1720, which lafted
feven days, and confumed 850 houfes.
In the great fquare is the P.dace of
Juftice, and the Hotel dc Villc. It is
feated on the Vilaine, whicii divides it
into two paits, 58 milts n by w of
Nantes, and 190 wsw of Paris. Lon.
I 4Z w, lat. 48 7 N.
Rtns, or Rense. See Rees.
Rentonun, a village of Scotland, four
miles Nw of Dumbarton. Near it is
one of the moft conliderable printfields
in Scotland ; aU'o tiie old man (ion of
Dalquhurn, where Dr. Smollett was
born, and the lofty column ercdted to
his memory, on the bank of the Leven.
Renty, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Pas de Calais, feated on
the river Aa, la miles sw of Aire, and
jo NW of Arras.
ReoUt a town of France, in the de-
partment of Gironde, feated on the
Garonne, zo miles se of Bourdeaux.
Repaille, a town of Savoy, in Cha-
blais, famous for the retreat of Ama-
deus, duke of Savoy, in 1440, when he
went to enjoy the pleafures of a country
life. Here is a Carihuliau monalery,
remarkabli' for its extenlive profpcdts.
It is feated on a river which runs into
the lake of Geneva, ao miles Nt of
Geneva.
Repehamy a town in Norfolk, with
a market on Saturday It has two
churches in one churchyard, and is
feated in a valley, 15 miles nw of Nor-
wich, and III N E ot^' Loudon.
Uippen, a town ot Braudeuhurg, in
the New mark, lituate on the Eyiang,
16 miles iSK ol' Cnftrin.
Repton, a village in Derbylhire, eij;ht
miles ssw of Derby, celebrated as the
burial-place of fevcral of the oaxon
kings of Mercia, and for fcveral anti(|ui-
ties. Here is a noted freefchool, which
appears to have been the refectory of a
priory.
Requena, a town of Spain, in New
Cuftile, with a caltle, and a coufiderable
1 E V
manufifture of filks. It was taken by
the Englilh in 1706, and retaken by the
French the next year. It is feated ou
a hill, between the river Oliaiia and a
ridge of motmtains on the borders of
Valencia, 64 miles ksb of Cuenza. Loo.
1 9 w, lat. 39 44 N-
Reiht, a city of Perfia, capital of
Ghilan. It has a conliderable trade,
particularly in (ilk ; and much ric«
grows in the environs. It is feated on
a river, li.K miles from the Cafpian feat
and 100 N of Cufbin. Lon. 51 30 E,
lat. 37 J 8 N.
Resolution Island, nn ifland in the
Atlantic ocean, 50 miles long and ao
broad, on the n fidtt of the entrance
into Hudfon (trait. Lon. 65 o w, lat.
61 40 N.
Resolution Isle, a fmall ifland in the
Pacific ocean, 160 leagues e of Otaheite,
fo called from the fliip in which Cook
made his fecund voyage. Lon. 141 15
w, lat. 17 23 s.
Retel, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Ardennes. Before the re-
volution, it was the capital of a country
called the Retelois. It is feated on a
hill, near the river Aifne, a6 miles nk
of Uheims. Lon. 4 24 e, lat. 49 3 a n.
Retford, East, a borough in Not-
tinghamihire, with a market ou Satur-
d.iy. feated on the Idle, 30 miles n by a
of Nottingham, and 141 n by w of
Loudon.
Ret/iem, a town of Lower Saxony, in
the duchy of Zell, feated in a very fer-
tile country, on the Aller, 35 miles XN w
of Hanover.
Rct'tmo, a feaport of Candia, and a
bifliop's fee, with a citadel, where the
pacha relides. ii was taken, in 1645,
by the Turks, who have kept it ever
fuice. The lill;, wool, honey, wax,
laudantun, and oil, axk: preferred to all
otheis. It is ftaiod on the N coaft oi
the idand, 4^ mile.i w of CandLi. Lon.
34 ,^8 Ii, lat. 35 io N.
kctXy a town ot the palatinate of Ba-
vari.i, oil the river Schwarza, z'i mile«
KSH of Amberg.
Revet, a town of France, in the de-
partment .)f OpptT G.irdune, nciff the
grand balin of Ihe Canal Royal, 27 mile*
SK ol'Touloul'j.
Revel, a government of RulTia. See
Estlioii'iit.
Revel, a feaport of Rulfia, capital of
the government of Eltlionia, and a bi-
fliop's fee It is fiirrounded by high
walls and deep ditches, and defended
by a caftle and good baf^ion^. The
houfes are well built, and hr>ve fine
gardciis. Here iti d culle;;c, with four
R H A
p^orefTors; and iii i733>two churches
Vftra allowed to the proleft<Mit9. It is
become a place of great trade, fince
the Ruffians obtained poiTeflion of it,
in 1 710; and tliere are two great fairs,
in Nfay and Sepicmber, frequented by
£ngli(h and Dutch merchants. It is
feated on the juilf of Finland, partly in
a plcafanc plain, and partly on a moun-
tam, 160 miles k by i^ of Ripa, and 220
w by s of Peteriburs,'. Lon. 24 17 e,
lat. 59 18 N.
llevtUot a town of Piedmont, fcatcd
rear the Po, on tho top of a mountain
fortif}<;d by nature and art, three miles
Nw of Saluzzo.
Revero, a town of Italy, in the Maii-
tuan, feated on the Po, oppofite Oftiglla,
20 miles s? of Mantua.
Revin, a town of France, in the de-
SSrtmcnt of Ardennes, on the river
leufe, fix milts e of Rocroy.
Revof"tioa hUs, a group of illands
in the Pacific ocean, to the nw of
the Marquelas, of which they may be
deemed a continuation. They were
difcovered in -91, and the mod con-
fiderable arc iJaux and Marchand. The
latter is about 15 miles in circuit, and
was taken poiTeflion of, in the name of
the French nation, by captain Mar-
chand. The nafcives are of the fame
colour a" thofe of the Marquefa.s ; and
every thing indicates that they are of
the fame origin. Lon. 140 5 w, lat. 9
ai s.
/?««, a town of Spain, in Catalonia,
with a confiderahle trade in wine, bran-
dy, and nuts; feated in the middle of a
moft fruitful plain, 17 miles sw of Tar-
ragona.
Reuss, a river of SwilTi.'rland, which
rifes in the lake of Locendro, on the
NW of St. Gothavd, Hows through the
lake of Lucern ancl the town of that
name, and joins the Aar, below Bvuck.
Reutlingen, a town of Suabia, in the
duchy of Wirtembcrg. In the town-
houfcis preferved an ancient battering-
ram ; and in the vicinity are many
paper and powder mills. It is feated
on the Echctz, near the Neckar, 17
miles s of Stntgard.
Reiva/i, a town of Hiridooftan, in the
province of AllahaV.ail, ^'^ miles ssw of
Allahabad. Lun. 8i .36 e, lat. 54
35 N.
Rrivari, a town of Hindooftan, capital
of a circar in the country of Delhi ;
ieated on the Saili, 55 miles sw of
Delhi. Lon. 76 52 e, lat. 28 13 n.
RhamoKii', a town and fort of Egypt,
on the w branch of the Nile, where
the canal of Alexandria enters that
R H E ''
river. It is 25 miles above Rofettay
and 58 ESE of Alexandria.'
Rhayadergnvy, a town of Wales, in
Radnorfliire, with a market on Wed-
nefday. It is fitua'te on the Wye,
where there was formerly a cataraft,
which is now deftroyed, and a neat
bridge tiretTied ; ai.d an eminence near
it is the 'Cv:>: of an ancient caftle, of
which no ruins remain. In the neigh-
bour are lead and ctippor mines. It is
J 9 miles WNw of New Radnor and 178
of London.
Rheda, a town of Weftphalia, in the
principality of Munfter, lo miles n of
Lipftadt.
Rliehns, a city of France, in the de-
partment of Marne, and lately an arch-
bifliop's fee. The inhabit nits are com-
puted to be .:?o,ooo. The principal
church, built bcfort? the year 406, is a
very beautiful ftv.c'iure.; and that of St.
Nicaife is rem. :k iMe for its fine ar-
chitedture. Dt.hiM(l the high altar of
the church of St. Remy, the corpfe of
that archbifliop is preferved in a mag-
nificent flirine. The kings of France
have been fucceffivcly crowned .it
Rhcims ; probably, becaufe Clovis, the
founder of the French monarchy, when
converted from paganifm, was baptized
in the cathedral here, in the year 496.
The remains of an amphitheatre, a
caftle, and a triumphal arch, are among
the ancient monuments of the Romans.
Rheims is long and narrow, and the
houfes are low. Here are manufadtures
of flannel, coverlets, and other woollen
ftuffs. It is feated in a plain, furround-
ed by hills that produce excellent wine,
on the river Vefle, 6 a miles n of Troyes,
and 75 NE of Paris. Lon. 4 a "., lat.
49 15 ^'
Rliein, a tow.i of Pruflia, in Natangcn,
with a large fortified caftle ; feated on
a lake, 75 miles sv. of Konigfberg. Lon.
21 ,?8 K, Lit. 53 48 V. _
Rheiriau, a town of Swiflerland, in
ThurgTU. with an abbey, on an ifland
formed by the Rhine, five miles ssw of
SchafFhaufen.
Rlieinbach, or Rynbach, a town of
France, in the department of Rhine
and Mofelle, lately of Germany, in the
cledtorate of Cologne, 10 miles wsw of
Bonn, and 36 nw of Coblentz.
Rbeinbers;, a town of France, in the
department of Roer, lately of Germany,
in the electorate of Cologne ; feated
near the Rhine, 13 miles e of Gclders,
and 48 N by w of Cologne.
R/ieine, a town of Weftphalia, in the
principality of Munfter, feated on the
Em», 18 miles wnw of Ofnaburg.
depJ
ly ol
Rhil
tal
RHI
Bhetrteckt a town of France, in the
department of Rhine and Mofclle, late-
ly of Germany, in the circle of Lower
Rhine; featcd on the Rhine, i6 miles
iirw of Coblentz.
Rheineckt a town of Franconifl, capi-
tal of a county of the fame name, with
a caftle, on the river Sinn, 25 miles n
by w of Wurtzburg.
. liheineck, a town of Swiffcrland, ca-
pital of the Rheinthal, with a caftk,
feated on the Rliine, near its entrance
into the lake of Conftance, 25 miles se
of Conftance. Lon. 9 35 k, lat. 47 ai n.
IlhehtfeUent a town of Sii.ibiti, the
beft of the four Fon-ft-towns ; feated on
the Rhine, over which is a bridge, eight
miles t of Bafel.
nheinfeliy a (Irong foitrefs of France,
in the dt-partment of Rhine and Mofelle,
lately of Germany, in the lower county
of Catzenellcnbogen. It is one of the
moft iniportant places on the Rhine,
and ftaiids on a ftiipendous craggy rock,
at the foot of which is the fortified
town of St. Gear. It was taken by the
French in 1794, and is 16 miles s of
Coblentz.
Bkeintuagen, a town of France, m
the department of Roer, lately of Ger-
many, in the duchy of Juliers ; fituate
on the Rhine, 19 miles nw of Coblentz.
Rheinthal, a diltrid of Swilll-rland,
lying along the Rhine, which divides it
from a territory of Aullria, till it reaches
the lake, of Conftance. The proteftant
inhabitants are the moft numerous. It
is a fertik valley, 30 niiks long and
from three to eight broad, and pro-
duces excellent wine. Rhelncck is the
eapital.
lihelnzaberny a town of France, m
the department of Lower Rhine, feated
on the Erlbach, 10 miles se of Lan-
dau.
Wiena, a town of Lower Saxony, m
the duchy of Mecklenburg, on the river
Radegaft, 14 miles ese of Lubec
Rhenen, a town of Holland.m Utrecht,
feated on the Rhine, ao miles se of
Utrecht.
Rhine, a great and remarkable river
of Europe, which rifes in Swillerland,
in the canton of Grif ns. It is formed
of three ftreams; the Further Rhine
from the head of the valley ol'Difeutis;
the Middle Rhine from the valley of
Modelo, an appendage of St. Golhard ;
and the Hither or Upper Rhine from
the mount Avicula. The fnft two
torrents united is called the Lower
Rhine, which receives the Uppep Rhine
at Richenau; and the hciv;ht is here
about 6180 feet above the lea. Flow-
R H I
ing by Coire, at the diftance of a mile,
the Rhine here becomes navigable for
rafts. It is foon after the boundary be-
tween the Rheinthal a,nd a territory of
Auftria, and paifes through the lake of
Conftance from E to w. Leaving this
lake, it becomes the boundary between
Swifferland and Suabia, flowing by
Schaff haufeii (below which it forms a
celebrated cataradt) to Bafel. At Bafel
the river turns to the* n, and flows
thence to Holland ; in which courfe it
becomes the barrier between France
and Germany, gives name to the two
German circles of the Upper and Lower
Rhine, waters many coniiderable cities
and towns, and receives fome large
rivors. Below Emmerick, in the duchy
of Cleve, it divides into two ftreams.
That which bends to the vv, and flows
by Nimeguen, is called the Waal, but
lofes that n<ime on its jnndtion with the
Meufe, at Worcum. Below Gorcum,
it divides into four principal branches,
forming the ifles of YlFelmonde, Voorn,
and Overnaekec: the moft northern
branch is called the Mcrvve, and paflTnig
by Rotterdam and Schiedam, is joined
by the branch from the s fide of Yflel-
mond'/, and enters the German ocean,
below Bi ii-l : the other two branches
make their exit at Helvoctfluys and
Goree- The other ftream which had
branched off to the n w below Emme-
rick, retains its name ; but below Huef-
len another briinches off to the N, takes
the name of YiiVl, and enters the Zuider
Zee, below Campen. The old river
proceeds w by Arnheini to Duerftede,
when it again divides into two ftreams:
that to the left is called the Leek, and
enters the Merwe above Rotterdam.
The branch to the right, which retains
its name, paffes on to Utrecht, where it
divides once more, into two ftreams:
the fmaller one is called the Vecht,
which runs n into the Zuider Zee, at
Muyden ; and the other, the remains of
the noble Rhine, flows w by Woerdcn
to Leyden, where it divides into fcveral
channels, and afterward is loft among
hills of faiid near the village of Cat-
wyck.
Rhine, Lower, a circle of Germany.
It extended on both fides the Rhini*,
from the circle of Suabia, on the ?, to
that of Weftphalia, on the n ; contain-
ing the eledtorates of Mentz, Treves,
and Cologne, the palatinate of the
Rhine, the duchy of Weftphalia, and
the county of Lower Ifenburg. But hi
1801. the territories of this circle to the
w of the Rhine were ceded to France,
and are included in the departments o»
\>J
'i
n HO
Rocr, Rhine and Mofelle, Sarrc, and
Mont Tonnerre.
Hhine, Lower, a department of
France, containing the late province of
Lowt-r Alface. Stralburg i« the capital.
F/iirtet Up^er, a department of France,
containing the late province of Upper
Alface. Colmar is tire capital.
Jthirif, U/per, a circle of Germany.
It extended acrofs the Rhine, from the
province of Loraine in France, on the
s, to the circle of Lower Saxony, on
the N, and was ne.uljr interfered by
the palatinate of the Rhine. It included
the iangravate of Hefle, Wettcravia,
the conniies of Catzenellenbogen and
Waldeck ; the imperial town of Frank-
fort, the bifhoprics of Fulda, Spire, and
Worms, and the duchy of Dfux Fonts.
But the territories of this circle on the
w fide of the Rhine were ceded to
France in 1801, and are included in the
dcpartmen'<8 of Sarre and Mont Ton-
nerre.
Rhine, Palatinate o/" the, a late elec-
torate of Germany, in the circle of
Lower Rhine ; bounded on the N' by
the archbifliopricsiof Mentz and Treves,
y by Franconia, s by Suabia, and w by
France. It was alfo called the Lower
Palatinate, to diftinguifti it from the
palatinate of Bavaria, fometimcs called
the Upper Palatinate.. But this elec-
tor ..tc was I'uppreflTcd in 1801: the
French annexing the part w of thenhine
to thtir own territory, and giving the
remainder to the eledors of Baden and
Hefle.
Rhine and Moselle, a new department
of France, including part of the late
electorates of Cologne and Treves, and
of the late palatinate of the \<hinc. The
capital is Coblentz.
Rhode Island, one of the United
States of America, bounded on the N
and E by Maflachufets, s by the Atlan-
tic, and w by Connefticut. Thefe li-
mits comprehend what has been called
Rhode Ifland and Providence Planta-
tions. It is divided into the counties
«>t" Newport, Providence, Wafliington,
Briftol, and Kent. The ftate is inter-
fciftcd in all diredlions by rivers; the
chief of them are Providence and Taun-
ton riveis; which flows into Narraganfct
bay. Iron-ore and limeftone are found
in great plenty in this ftate, which is
principally a country for pafture. Pio-
vidcncc and Newport are the chief
towns.
BhoJe Island, an ifland of N America,
in the ftate of its name It is 15 miles
long and four broad, and exceedingly
fertile. Between ^o and 401000 flicep
» H O
are fed here, befide beeves and horfes.
This ifland is a noted refort of invalid!
from the fouthern climates, being ex-
ceedingly pleafant and healthful. At
its sw extremity is the town of New-
port. .
Rhodes, an ifland of the Archipelago,
at the entrance of the gulf of Macri, 4*
miles long and 15 broad. The foil ii
pretty fertile, but badly cultivated.
This ifland is much celebrated in an-
cient hiftory, having been frequently
under the dominion of different matters.
The Saracens became poflTcflbrs of it in
665; and, in 1.^09, it was taken from
them by the knights of St. John of Je-
rufalem, who afterward took the name
of knights of Rhodes. They retained
it till 1623, when it was taken by the
Turks, after an obftinate refiftancc ; and
the fmall number of knights tha* re-
mained, afterward removed to Malta.
A pacha is the governor-general of the
ifland, who prefides over civil juftice
and military dil'cipline.
Rhodes, the capital of the ifland of
Rhodes, and an archbifliop's fee. It
was anciently nine miles in circumfer-
ence, and regarded by Alexander, who
depofited his laft will here, as the firfk
city in the world ; but the prefent town
occupies only a quarter of the extent
of the ancient city. It has a good har-
bour, with a narrow entrance between
two recks, on which are two towers to
defend the pafl^ge. Here, in all proba-
bility, ftood the famous Coloffiis, a
Itatue of bronze, 70 cubits high, reck-
oned one of the leven wonders of the
world : it was thrown down by an
earthquake; and when the Saracens
became matters of the ifland, they
knocked it to pieces, and fold the frag-
ments to a Jew of Kdefla, near 900
years after its fall. Rhodes was deemed
an impregnable fortrefs, being fur-
rounded by triple walls and double
ditches, but they are now in a ftate of
dilapidation. Over one of the gates is
ttill to be feen a ftone ihield with the
crofs of the order of the knights «f St.
John of Jerufalem. A quadrangular
edifice, which has the appearance of a
monaftery, is now converted into a
guard houfc and arfenal ; and in it are
large piles of marble bullets, made from
the pieces of Iculpture which formerly
adorned the city. It is inhabited by
Turks and Jewti ; for the Chrittians live
in the fuburbs, they not being fuffered
to be within the walls in the night-time.
Lon. s8 zo E, lat. 36 27 n,
Rhoden. Sec Rodez.
Rhone, a large river that lifes in Swif*
«;i
RIB
Terland, in Mount Furca, which fouroc
foon joins a more confiderable ftream
rem an extenfive glacier called that of
be Rhone. After pafling through the
^le of Vallais, it runs through the lake
i,f Geneva, and feparating Savoy from
Brelle, it flows w to Lyon, then s to
Virnnc, Toumon, Valence, Viviers,
Pont St. Efprit, Avignon, Beaucaire,
Tarafcon, and Arjcs^ and enters th«
Mediterranean by feveral mouths.
Hhonct a department of France, fo
named from the river Rhone, which
flows on its G border. The Rhone and
Loire was originally one department,
but feparated in 179a. This depart-
ment includes the late provinces of
Beaujolois and Lyonois. The capital
is Lyon. .
Rhone, Mouths of thct a department
of France, on the coaft of the Mediter-
ranean, at the influx of the Rhone, con-
taining the w part of the late province
of Provence. Aix is the capital.
Uhonhousey a village of Scotland, in
Kircudbrightniire, eight miles nnw of
Newton Douglas, noted for a grt-at an-
nual fair, and a weekly cattle market
from Odober to January.
Uhuderit a town of the duchy of Weft-
phalia, on the river Monne and fron-
tiers of Paderborn, n miles ssk of Lip-
lladt.
iibynbeck, a town of New York, in
Duchifs county, on the R fule ot Hiid-
foii river, oppofite Kingfton, and 18
miles N of Poughkeepfie.
Rhynberg, or Rhinsberg, a town of
Brandenburg, in the Middle msrk, with
a handfome palace, built by Frederick
n, when hereditary prince. It is feat-
«'d on the Rhyn, 10 miles x of Riippin.
Rhyney. See Rumney.
Rhynoiui'ai town of Brandenburg, in
the Aiiddle mark, at the conflux of the
Hhyn with the Havel, nine miles st uf
Havflbcrg.
Riazan, a government of Rudia, for-
merly a province of the government of
Mofcow. It is fertile in corn, and po-
pulous; and had anciently its own
princes.
Riazan, a city of Ruflia, capital of a
government of the fame name, and an
aichbifliop's fee. It was formerly con-
iiderable for its extent and riches, but
wab aimolt ruined by the Tartars, in
1568. It is feated at the conllux of
the Trubefli with the Occa, 100 miles
»E of Mofcow. Lon. 40 37 t, li»t. 54
55 "•
Kiba de Sella, a fmal I feaport of Spain ,
ill Alturias, on the bay of Bilcay, 29
Oiiles E by s of Gijon.
Ribadavia, a town of Spain; m Gall-
R I C
eta, feated at the conflux of the Avia
with the Minho, in a territory that'pm-
duces the bed wine in Spain, 15 milet
W8W of Orenfe.
Ribadeo, A feaport of Spain, In Gali-
cia, with a good harbour, defended 07
two caftles. It is feated on a rock, «t
the month of the Rio de Mirando, 45
miles N by E of Lugo. Lon. 6 47 w»
lat. 4.^ 38 N.
Ribas, a town of Spain, in New Cal^
tile, on the river Xarama, eight miles E
of Madrid.
Ribble, a river which rifes in W York-
Ihire, runs acrofs Laj)cafliire, and enters
the Irifli fea, below Prefton.
Ribeira Grande, the capital of St. Ja-
go, the largcft of the Cape Verd iflands,
and •». bifliop's fee. It haa a good har-
bour, and is feated between two high
mountains. Lon. 33 54 w, lat. 14 50 n.
Rib/mo»t, a town of France, in the
department of Aifne, feated on an emi-
nence, near the river Oife, 10 miles \r
by s of St. Quentin.
Riberac, a town of France, in thi; de-
partment of Dordogne, 17 miles e of
PeriKUtnix, and i'j sse of Angoulcfme.
Ribnik, a town of Silefia, in the prin-
cipality of Ratibor, ao miles e by n of
Ratihor.
Ribnik, or Rimnik, a town of Euro-
pean Turkey, in Walachia, and a bi-
Ihop's fee. Here, in 1789, the Auftriang
and Ruffians gained a great viftory over
the Tuj-ks. It is feated on a river of
the fame name, 68 miles ene of Tergo-
vift.— Another, on the river Alth, 50
miles w by s of Tergovift.
Ribuitz, a town of Lower Saxony,
in the duchy of Meckltiibur-j:, feated
on a bay of the Baltic, near tho iiiflnK
of the Reckenitz, 15 miles ne of Rof-
tock.
Richelieu, a town of France, in thft
department of Iiidre and Loin*, found-
ed by cardinal Richelieu in 1657, and
feated on the Amable and Vide, 30
miles Sbw of Tours.
Richmond, the capital of Virginia, in
Henrico county, on the N fule of James
river, at rhe foot ot" th" fall.'?. The
public hi ildings arcan epifcopal church,
a fiatc-hi ul'e, and couri-houfe. Here is
a floating toll bridge over the river;
and the tails above the bridge are feven
miles in length. W'fTels of burden lie
at City Point, ie> miles below, to which,
goods iVom Ricinnond are fent down "n
boats. It is 90 miles .hsw of Alexan-
dria. Lnii. 77 55 w, lat. c^y ■^^ n.
Richmond, a borough in N Yorkfhire»
governed by a mayor, with a market on
Saturday. It waa inclofed by a wall,
with three gates; now in ruins; and has
R I E
a caftle, on an inacccflible mount, and
two churches. It is the capital cS a
diftrid Ciilltd Rlchmondlhirc, which
nbouncts in lead mines, and was formei--
ly a county of itfclf. Richnvmd has a
nianufaihirc df woollen (lorkinjjs, cnpn,
&c. It is feattil on the Swalc> over
which is a hr'dge, 40 milt'R w w d' York,
nnd J30 NNW of London. Lon. i 3 -
w, lat. 54 a8 N.
liichmonJ, a village in Sorry, with a
ftonc bridge ov»;r the Thames, nine
miles v'sw of JiOiidon. It was iincient-
lycallcii Sheen; but Henry v 11 called
it Richmond, on account of his Laving
been earl of Richmond in Yorklliire-
Here was a palace, in which Edward
in, Henry vii, and queen F.lifabetli cx-
Eired. Richmond is ftill difiinguiflied
y its beautiful royal gardens, which,
in fummer, are open to the public;
and in ihele is a noble obfeivatory.
Here is an extenfive royal park, called
Richmond, or the New Park; fiir-
rounded by a biick wall built by
Charles i.
Rkkmansii'oriht a town in Hevtford-
fhirc, with a market on Saturday, Hat-
ed on the Coin, eight miles sw of St.
Albati, and ; 8 w n w of London.
li'tcla, a town of Spain, in Aragon,
on the Xalon, a8 miles wsw of Sara-
goffa.
lUdey a town in Hampfiiire, on the
N F. coaft of the ifle of Wiglit. It has a
daily intercourlV by packet-boats with
Portfmouth, and lends to that place
abundance <f butter, eggs, and poultry.
It is five miles ssw of Portfmouth, and
fix tXE of Newport.
Ridgfehl, a tot^'n of Conrcdlicut, in
Fairfield county, 14 miles nw of Fair-
field, and 48 NNE of New Yo k.
TtiedUn^^en, a town of Suabi.i, in the
duchy of Wirtemberg, ft ated on the
Danube, 15 miles sw of Ulni.
Rietbergt a town of Woitphalia, ca-
pital of a county of the fame name,
with a caftle. It is lituafe on the F.n.s,
17 miles w by n of Padi iboni. Lon.
831 K, lat. 51 45 N.
Rietii a town of Italy, in the duchy
ofSpoleto, and a bifh op's fee. Belide
the cathedral, it contains tliret- collegiate
and fixparilh churches, and twelve con-
vents. It is featcd on the river Vclino,
near the lake Rieti, 37 miles nu of
Rome. Lon. 13 5 t, lat 41 23 n.
Rieitx, a town of France, in (he de-
partment of Uppei" GanTiine, and lately
a biftiop's fee. It is- feated on tl.e Rife,
25 miles ssw of Touloufe.
Riezt a town of France, in tlie depart-
ment of Lower Alps, and lately a bi-
fliop'e fe?. It 19 feated in a plain,
10
abounding with wine and fruits, 30
miles S8W of Dignc.
Rigot a government of Riiflla. Sec
Livonia,
Ri,Zfli a ftrong town of Rnflia, capital
of f lie government of Livonia, and next
to Pcteriburg, the mod conunerciil
place in the empire. It ftands on the
liver Dwina, five miles from its mouth,
in a gulf of the Baltic, called the CJulf
of Riga, or Livonin. The trade is chief-
ly carried on by foreign merchants, who
are refulcnt here, and Ihofe belonging
to an Englilh fadory enjoy the greatell
fliaii! of the commeice. The principal
exports are corn, hemp, flax, iron, tim-
ber, marts, leather, and tallow. Within
the fortifications are 9000 inhabitants,
and in the fuburbs ij;,ooo, befide a gar-
rifon of loco men. Here is a floating
wooden bridge, over the Dwina, 2600
feet long and 40 broad: in winter, when
the ice fets in, it is removed; and in
fpving it ifl replaecd. Riga is i2o miles
NE of Koniglbirg, and 310 sw of Pc-
terfburg. Lon. 24 11; k, lit. 56 r^o n.
luintHt, a town of It;ily, in Roniag-
na, with an old cadle, a llrong tower,
and many remains of antitjuity. The
fea having receded from this city for
fome ::enturies, its harbour now will
admit cnly fmall velTds. It is feate.l in
a fertile plain, at the mouth of the Mai-
rechia, on the gulf of Venice, 28 milt s
SK of I\ ivenua, and 145 n by t of
Roire. Lon. 12 34 li, lat. 4 4 n.
IVtngkiopi)!^^, a ieaport of Deinnark,
in N Jutland. It has a conftderahlc
trade with Holland and Norway, and is
feated on a gulf of the German ocean,
43 riiiles .sw of W'burg, und /;■; nnw
oi' Ripen. Loii. 8 15 k, lat. 56 8 n-
Ringh-hcn, a town of Upper Saxony,
in the principality of Eifenath, fix miku
N of Erfurt, and 26 kne of Eifenach.
Jiin^tr.uetf, a town of Denmark, in the
ifle of Zealand. It was formerly a city;
and in the great church are inferred fe-
ver~,l kings, and olher perfons or dif-
tint'lion. It is 30 miles sw of Copen-
hagen.
Ri'igrj;ond, a town in Hampfiiire,
with a market on Wwlnefday. It has
a nianiifa'^lure of worded hole; and is
famous for it;i rtrong beer and ale. It
is feated on the Avon, 30 miles sw
of Wincheller, and 9 1 vv by s of Lon-
don.
Rinteln, a ftrong town of Weftphalia,
capital of the county of Schauenburg,
with a ur.iverfity. It is feated on the
Wefer, 12 miles se of Minden, and 35
wsw of Hanover. Lon. 9 10 £, lat. 5;
12 N.
Rio Cmndcj a province in the n part
R I O
of Brafil, between thofe of Petagncl and
Paraiba. It is watered by a river of the
fame name.
J{io Grandet a river in the s part
of Brafil, which runs w into the Pa-
rana» being the principal branch of t'lat
river.
liio Grande^ a river which rifes in the
Sierra Leone mountain!), and flows
through the kingdom cf Biguba, into
the Atlantic. It is navigable for boats
400 miles.
Rio de la Ilaeha, a feaport of Terra
Firmi, in the province of Venezuela, at
the mouth of a river of the fame name,
100 miles e of St. Martha. Lon. 72 34
w, lat. 1 1 .^o N.
Ilio Janeiro, a river of Brafil, which
enters the Atlantic ocean, at St. Sebaf-
tian, the capital of Brafil. It is rather
a fmall gulf or bay, as the water is fait;
for though it receives two rivers, their
waters arc not fufficient to form the
bay which is called Rio Janeiro. At its
inuuth are fcveral fmall iflands, which
render the entrance difficult and danger-
ous. On the E fide of it is the fort of
Santa Cruz; and on the w that of St.
Jago, together with the capital.
Hio Janeiro, one of the richefl: pro-
vinces of Brafil, lying near the tropic of
Capricorn, on a river of the fame^name.
It produces cotton, fugar, coffee, cocoa,
pepper, indigo, and tobacco, with abvm-
dance of fruit and garden-fluff, but no
bread-corn; fo that the people here
liave no wheat-flour but what is brought
from Portugal. As a fuccedanium for
bread, there are yams and cafTada in
plenty. The riches of the country con-
fift in its mines of gold, and in precious
ftories. The latter are found in fuch
plenty, that a certain quantity only is
allowed to be collected in a year, which
is' fometimes obtained in lefs than a
month. St. Sebaftian is the capital.
Rio de Mirando, a river of Spain*
which rifes in the mountains of Aflu-
rias, feparates that province from Gali-
cia, and enters the bay of Bifcay, at Ri-
badeo.
Rio del Norte, a confiderable river of
N America, the fource of which is un-
known, but it flows from n to s through
the whole country of New Mexico, and
enters the gulf of Mexico on the n bor-
tler of New Leon.
Rio de la Plata. See Plata.
Riobamba, a town of Peru, capital of
ajurifdi^lion in the audience of Quito.
The productions and manufa(5tures of
its dillridt are fuperior to any other in
Peru ; and in fomc parts of it are very
rich mines of gold and filver. It ig 98
ni V
miles 8 by w of Quito. Lon. ff s6 w»
lat- I 38 s.
Riom, a tovtrn of France, in lac de-
partment of Puy de Dome, feated on a
hill, eight miles ne of Clermont, and
115 s of Paris.
Rioni, a river that rifes in the princi-
pality of Georgia, forms the s bounda-
ry of Mingrelia, and enters the Black
fea-
Rionj, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Gironde, feated on the Ga-
ronne, 18 miles SB of Bourdeaux.
Ripa Transone, a town of Ital^, in
the marquifate of Ancona, eight miles s
of Fermo.
Ripen, a feaport of Denmark, in N
Jutland, capital of a diocefe of the fame
name, with a caftle, two colleges, and 9
public library. The tombs of feveral
kings of Denmark are in the cathedral*
which is a very handfome Itruflure.
The harbour is at a fmall distance, at
the mouth of the Gram, in a country
which fupplies the beft beeves in Den-
mark. It is 65 miles nw of Slefwick,
and 78 s by w of Wiburg. Lon. 8 40
E, lat. 55 asj N.
Ripley, a town in W Yorkfliirc, with
a market on Monday; feated on the
Nyd, 23 miles wnw of York, and 215
N by w of London.
Ripon, a borough in W Yorkfhire*
governed by a mayor, with a market on
Tburfday. In its neighbourhood is the
celebrated park of Studley, including
the venerable remains of Fountain ab-
bey. Ripon was once famous for its
religious houfes, and has now a colle-
giate church. Its noted manufadtur*
of fpurs has fome time declined, but
two extenfive cotton mills employ a
number of hands. The market-place is
one of the fineft fquares of the i ad in
England. It is feated on the Ure, a8
miles NNw of York, and 209 nnw of
London. Lon. i 29 w, lat. 54 u n.
Riquier, St. a town of France, in the
department of Somme, feated on the
Cardon, 14 miles nw of Amiens,
Risborough, a town in Buckingham-
fliire, with a market on .Saturday, ao
miles s of Aylefbury, and ^j wnw of
London.
Ritzenbuttle, a town of Lower Saxo-
ny, in the duchy of Bremen, with a caf-
tle; feated half a mile s of Cuxhaveni
and 25 miles n of Carlfburg.
Riva, a town of Germany, in the
principality of Trent, on the riv^er Riva,
at its entrance into the lake Garda, ij
miles sw of Trent.
Ri'va, a town of SwifTerland, in the
Valtcline, feated on the n end of the
Pp
ROC
hkff C6rio, eight miles 8 by w of Chia-
veniiii.
Rivadee. See Ribadeo.
Rh/alta, a town of Pierlmonf, (ituate
on the Sangon, fix miles sw of Turin.
BivaltOi a t»)wn of Italy, in the Mi-
lanefe, fituate on the Adda, 15 miles s
of Milan.
Bivarolo, a town of Piedmont, fitu-
ate on the Oreo, 15 miles n of Turin.
Rivesaita, a town of France, in the
department of Eaftern Pyrenees, feated
on the Egly, eight miles n of Perpignan.
Rivoli, a town of Piedmont, with a
magnificent caftlc, nine mileswof Turin.
Uivoh, a town of Italy, in the Vero-
nefe, on the lake Garda, 16 miles nw
of Verona.
i?ofl, a town of Spain, in Old Caftile,
feated on the Dout-ro, 25 miles n by e
of Segovia.
Roanne,^ town of France, in the de-
partment of Loire, feated on the Loire,
where it begins to bo navigable for barks^
Hence the merchandife of Lyon is con-
veyed to Paris-, Orleans, Nantes, &c.
Roanne is 45 milfs wnvv of Lyon, and
310 ssE of Paris. Lon. 3 ?8 e, lat. 464N.
Roanoke, an ifldnd of N Carolina, on
the s fide of Albemarle found. It is fa-
mous for being the place where fir Wal-
ter Ralegh made the firft Britiih fettle-
ment in N America.
Roanoke, a river of the United States,
formed by the junction of the Staunton
and Dan, in the s part of Virginia. It is
fubjed to inundations, and, on account
of the falls^ is navigable for ihallops on-
ly, about 60 or 70 miles. It enters, by
feveral mouths, into the sw part of Al-
bemarle found.
Robben Island, fometimes called Pen-
guin lOand, a barren fandy ifland, near
the Cape of Good Hope, at the entrance
into F?.Ife bay. Lon. 18 22 b, lat. 33
50 s.
Robel, a town of Lower Saxony, in
Ihe duchy of Mecklenburg, on the lake
Muritz, 24 miles w of Strelitz.
Bobhi Hood Bay, a bay on the coaft
of Yorklliire, between Scarborough and
Whitby, about one mile broad. Here is
a village of fifhermen, who fupply the
city of York, and the adjacent country,
with all forts of fifli in their feafon.
Lon. o 18 w, lat. 54 25 n.
Roca, Cape, the moft weftern extre-
mity of Portugal, and of Europe. On
its fummit is a remarkable monuftery,
laid to be 3000 feet above the fea ; and
on the E of the mountain is a fummer
palace, of Mooriih architedture. Here
•« alfo a fmall vineyard, that of Carca-
vdla, yielding a peculiar grape ; and the
^'0 C
environn A«pply moft of the fruits and
greens ufe«i at Lilbon. This cape is
called generally by the E;igli(h failors,
the R >ck of Li(bon. Lon. 9 36 w, lat.
38 42 w. ^ .
Roeamadoar, a town of France, m the
department of Lol, 23 miles n of Ca-
hnrs.
Rocella, a town of Naples, in Calabria
Ulleriorc, near which is a coral filhery,
10 miles NE of Gierace.
Rochdale, a town in Lancaftiire, with
a market on Tuefday, and m5inufa<3ure8
of bays, flannels, ferges, and other wool-
len goods. It has two churches; and a
canal from Manchefter pafles hence to
the Calder navigation, near Halifax. It
is (feated on tlie river Roch, at the foot
of tlie Yorkfliire hills, 1 3 miles n by e
of Manchefter, and 1 98 n s w of London.
Roche, a fortified town of Savoy, in
the Gcncvois, feated near a large rock,
on the river Borne> 12 miles ne of Ati-
necy.
Roche, or Roche en Ardennes, a town
of the Netherlands, in the late duchr
of Luxemburg, with a ftrong caftlc, feat-
*ed on a rock, near the river Onrte, 23
miles s of Liege, and 32 nw of Luxem-
burg.
Roche Beaucour, a town of France, in
the department of Dordogne, 22 miles
Nw of -eiigucux.
Roche Bernard, a town of France, in
the department of Morbihan, on the
river Vilaine, 22 miles sb of Vannes.
Roche Gut/on, a town of France, in the
department of Seine and Oifo. on the
river Seine, 21 miles w of Pontoife.
Roche Posay, a town of France, in the
department of Vienne. It has a mine-
ral fpring, and is feated on the Creufe,
3s miles BNE of Poitiers.
Roche sur Ton, a town of France, in
the department of Vendee, feated near
the Yon, 20 miles nw of Lu^on.
Rochechouart, i town of France, in
the department of Upper Vienne, with
a caftle on a mountain; feated near a
rivuk't that flows into the Vienne, 18
miles w of Limoges.
Rochefort, a town of the Netherlands,
in the late duchy of Luxemburg, with
a caftle, faid to have been hw\t by the
Romans. It is fituate on the Somme,
furrounded by rocks, 50 miles nw of
Luxemburg. Lon. 5 10 e, lat. 50 12 n.
Rochefort, a fpaport of France, in the
department of Lower Charente, with a
commodious harbour, one of the moft
famous in France. It ftands on the
Charente, 15 miles from its mouth,
which is defended by feveral forts. The
Itreets are broad and Araight; and the
houfel
nificef
in FrJ
for caj
necef
nient 1
ofRo<|
053
Rock
depart!
fix mil'
Bef.inc
Roch
:he fruits and
rhis cape is
iglifli failors,
■ 9 36 w, lat.
France, in the
ilea N of Ca-
;8, in Calabria
coral filhery,
icaftiire, with
mnnufadturcs
d other wool-
jrches ; and a
iflc8 hence to
r Halifax. It
I, at the foot
miles N by E
w of London,
of Savoy, iu
a large rock,
es NE of Aii-
nneSi a town
e late duchr
ig caftle, fear-
er Onrte, 23
w of Luxem-
of France, in
;ne, az miles
of France, in
han, on the
Vannes.
ranee, in the
Oifc. on the
ontoife.
ance, in the
las a mine-
the Creufe,
France, in
feated near
U9on.
" France, in
iTienne, with
ated near a
Vienne, 18
Sfetherlands,
burg, with
Jbuiltby the
he Somme,
iles Nw of
at. 50 12 V.
ince, in the
nte, with a
if the nioft
jds on the
its mouth,
forts. The
\.\ and the
ROC
houfea low, but regular. It has a mag-
nificent hofpital, the fineft hall of armt
in France, n noble arfenal, u foundery
for cannon, and all the other mngazinrs
neceflfary forthecenftrudlion antl equip-
nient of ihips of war. It is x8 milen sse
of Rochelle, and la; sw of Paris. Lon.
o 58 w, lat. 45 50 K.
Hac/ie/ort, a town of France, in the
department of Jura, on the river Doubs,
fix miles ne of Dole, and a» wsw of
Bef'incon.
Roc/icfort, A town of France, in the de-
partment of iMayenne and Loire, on
the river Loire, 10 miles ssw of Angers.
Rocfoe/ort, a town of France, in the
department of Morbihan, 17 miles e of
Vannes, and 4a sw of Rennes.
Rochefoucaulty a town of France, in
the department of Charente, feated on
the Taidouere, la miles nb of An-
gouleme.
RochelUt a fortified feaport of France,
and a bifliop's fee, in the department of
Lower Charfentc. The houfes are fup-
ported by piazzas, and the haven is
fiirrounded by a prodigious mole, 448 a
feet in extent. The inhabitants carry
on a confiderable trade ; efpecially in
wine, brandy, fugar, fait, paper, linen,
and ferges. Rochelle is feated oft the
bay of Bifcay, 67 miles s by e of Nan-
tes, and aao sw of Paris. Lon. i 10
w, lat. 46 9 N.
Rochemaure, a town of France, in the
department of Ardeche, feated on the
Rhone, eight miles nnb ofViviers.
RochesteriACxXy in Kent, governed by
a mayor, with a market on Friday. Its
caftle, now in ruins, once rendered it
of g):eat importance ; and here alfo are
feme remains of a priory. Rochefter is
a bifliop's fee, and has, befide the ca-
thedral, twoparifb-churches. The num-
ber of inhabitants in 1801 was 6817 i
they are chiefly tradefmen and inn-
keepers, no fort of manufadture being
carried on here. It has two freefchools,
one called the King's, and the other thft
City School. Here is an hofpital libe-
rally endowed for i a poor people : alfo
an almihoufe for fix poor travellers, who
are fupplied for one night with lodging,
entertainment, and four-pence; an in-
fcription over the door intimates, that
rogues and prodlors are excepted.
Rochefter is parted from Stroud on the
W by its bridge, and is contiguous to
Chatham on the e. It is feated on the
Medway, a6 miles wnw of Canterbury,
and 39 ESE of London. Lun. 036 e,
lat. 51 33 ».
RochettOf a town of the county of
Kicci <6 miles mb of I^ice.
ROD
Roc/j/erJ, a town in EfTex, with a
market on Thurfday, 16 miles sr of
Chelmsford, and 40 e by N of London.
Rochliiz, a town of Upper Saxony, in
Mifnia, with a caftle on a rock, iind a
handfome bridge over the Mulda, 24
miles SB of Leipfic.
Rockaivajft a town of New Jerfty, in
Morris county, on a river of its name,
15 miles N by w of Morriftown.
Rockbridge. See Cetlar Creek.
Rociefihausen, a town of France, in
the department of Mont TonneiTe,
lately of Germany, in the palatinate of
the Rhine, 36 miles w of Worms.
Rockford, a town of N Carolina, in
Wilked couhty, on the Yadkin, 33 miles
E by N of Wilkes.
Rockingham, a town of N Carolina,
chieiof Richmond county, feated on an
eminence, fix miles R of Great Pedee
river, and 46 wnw of FayettevlUe.
Rockingham^ a town of Virginia, chief
of a county of the fame naiiie, fituate
on a branch of Shenandoah river, 40
miles sw of Woodftock, and 55 ene of
Bath.
Rocking/iam, a town in Northamp-
tonfhire, witlva market on Thurfday.
It had sin ancient caftle, long ago de-
molilbed ; and its foreft was reckoned
one of the largeft. and richeft in th«
kingdom. It is feated on the Welland,
12 miles s of Oakham, and 33 N by w
of Loudon.
Rocky Mount, a Town of Virginia,
chief or Franklin county, feated near the
fource of the Staunton, 35 miles sw of
New London, and 140 w of Peterf-
burg.
Rocroif, a town of France, in the de-i
partmerit of Ardennes, celebrated for
the vidlory gained by the French over
the Spaniards, in 1643. '^ '^ feated in a
plain, furrounded by forefts, a6 miles
N of Rethel.
Rodach, a town of Upper Saxony, in
the principality of Coburg, on a river
of the fame name, rhie miles nw of
Coburg.
Rodby, a feaport of Denmark, in the
ifland ot Laland. The paftage hence to
Hciligenhaven, in Holftein, and to the
ifland of Femern, is much frequented.
It is 10 miles se of Naxkow. Lon. 11
45 •■-. 'at- 54 45 N.
Rodenbttrg, a town and caftle of
Weftphalia, in the county of Schauen-
burg, near whicb is a mineral fpring.
It is II miles w by s of Hanover.
Roder:, a town of France, capital of
the department of Aveiron. Here are
four great annual fairs, where mules
are fold for Spain ; and fome mannv
Pp »
HOC
failures of grsy clothe nnd fergM. It
w.'is lately n biftiop'R fee ; and the lofty
fteeple of the cathedral is admired for
5tB architefture. U is fented in the midft
of mountains, on a hill, at the foot of
which flows the Aveiron, 30 miles w
by s of Meiide. Lon. a ,34 e, lat. 44
ai N.
- Hrdinjf, a river in E/Tex, which rifis
near Dunmow, runs s to Ongar, and
gives the name of Rodings to this part
of the county. It then flows, between
Eppinjt and Hai> ault forcfts, to Bark-
ing, below 'vhich it joins the Thames
Rotiok, a town of Hindooftan, 'n\ the
province of Delhi, 50 miles e of HiflTar,
and <o WNW of Delhi.
liodojtot a feaport of European Tur-
key, in Romania, and a Greek biihop's
fee. It is feated on the fide of & hiil,
on the fea of Marmora, 6» miles v^ of
Conftantinople. Loa. 27 37 e, lat.
41 I N.
lioJrigueZf an illand in the Indian
ocean, lying 100 leagues e of Mauritius,
and priffefled by the French. It is 30
miles long and la broad ; the country
i.iountainous, and in many parts rocky,
though there are others in whif'h the
foil is excellent ; but the bed produdlinn
of the ifland is the land turtle, wiiich
are in great abundance. On the k fide
is p. bay that affords fecure fhelter for
ihips, and ample fupplies of wood and
water. Lon. 63 c e, lat. 19 30 s.
Rofr, a river of Germany, which
rif(?8 in the duchy of Weftphalia, flowr
hy Aroiifberg, Schwcrte, Werden, and
Duyiburg, and enters the Rhine at
Roerort.
liofr, a new department of France,
including the duchy of Juliers, and part
of the territories of Clevf , Gelders, and
Cologne*. It takes its name from a river,
which rifes above Juliers, and joins the
Meufe at Ruremonde. The capital is
Aix-la-Chapellc.
Itoerorf, a town of Weftphalia, in the
duchy of Cleve, at the conflux of the
Roer with the Khine, if miles s by e
ofWefel.
JiocuL', a town of the Netherlands,
in Mainault, eight miles ne of Mons.
Rogersvillf, a town of Tencflee,
chief of Hawkins county, on the N lide
of the Holftan, 50 miles nne of Knox-
villc.
FiOgerzvick, or Port Baltic, a feaport
of Riiflia, in the province of Revel,
feated on a fine bay at the entrance of
the gulf of Finland, 40 miles wnw of
Revel. Lon. 23 20 e, lat. 59 10 n.
Bcgonatpour, a town of Hindooftan,
in Bengal, capital of the circarof Pa-
RO M
ehrte. It is 126 miles nw of Calcutta.
Lon. 86 47 E, lat. 23 3S k.
lioha, or Itoiha. See Orfa.
liohaczotwt a town of Lithuania, in
the pnlatinate of Minfk, feated on the
Dnieper, near the influx of the Ordrwa,
100 miles SE of Minlk. Lon. 30 20 e,
lat. .?? 2 N'
liohan, A town of France, in the de-
partment of Morbihan, feated on the
Aouft, 2o miles n of Vannes.
^^nhilcuftd, or Rohilla, a territory of
Hi' iooftan Proper, whofe inhabitants
are called Rohillas. It lies to the E of
Delhi, and is fubjedt to the nabob of
Oude, by whom, with the afliftance of
the Britiih, it was conquered in 1774.
Bereilly is the capital.
liokitzan, a town of Bohemia, in the
circle of Pilfen, with good cloth ma-
nufadtures and a trade in iron, feven
miles F. by n of Filfen.
Itolduc, a town of the Netherlands,
in the late duchy of Limburg, 10 mileft
sw of Juliers.
lionit an ifland of Denmark, on the
E coaft of S Jutland. It is feven miles
long and nearly three broad, and con-
tains a few villages.,
Romagna, a province of Italy, bound-
ed on the N by the Ferrarefe, e by the
gulf of Venice, s by Tufcany and Ur-
biiio, and w by the Bolognefe and Tuf-
cany. It is fertile in corn, wine, oil,
and fruits ; and has alfo mines, mineral
waters, and falt-works, which make its
principal revenue. This province lately
belonged to the Ecclefiaftical State, but
is now a part of the new-formed king-
dom of Italy. Ravenna is the capital.
Roma'mmotier, a town of Swiflerland,
in the Pays de Vaud, capital of a baili-
wic, with a caftle ; feated in a narrow
valley, through which flows the river
Diaz, II miles sw of Yverdun.
Romani, a town of European Tur-
key, in Moldavia, and a bifhop's fee :
feated on the Siret, 50 miles wsw of
Jafly.
Romania, a province of Turkey in
Europe, aoo miles long and 130 broad ;
bounded on the n by Bulgaria, f. by th«
Black fea, s by the fea of Marmora
and the Archipelago, and w by Macedo-
nia. It was formerly called Thrace,
and is the largeft of all the Turkifh pro-
vinces in Europe. It is fruitful in corn,
and has mines of filver, lead, and alum.'
It is divided into three fangiacates, or
governments, the capitals of which are
Philipopoli, Gallipoli, and Conftanti-
nople.
Romano, a town of Italy, in Berga;
mafco, un a river that runs between (he
R O M
OgHo and Serio, it miles sse of Ber-
gamo*
Romans t a town of France, in the dc-
partmoit of Drome, on the IftTi*, 22
miles sw of Cirenoblc, and 30 s of
Vienne.
Rome, a city o/Ttaly, in Campagnadi
Roma, capital of the EccleriaRical Stato
and the rcfidmcc of the pope. It is the
ancient Latium, and one of the fincll
and mod ftmoiis cities in the world,
fitua^e on the Tiber, ovit which it has
four briitges. The walU ure of brick,
in which are 15 gates; and its whole
circumference, mchuling that part be-
yond the Tiber and all belonging to the
Vatican, is upward of 16 miles. It is
computed tu contain 162,000 inhabi-
tants, which, thoufth gre.uly inferior to
what it could boaft in the dayn of its
ancient power, is confiderably more
than it could number at fome former
periods fiiice t'ue fall of the empire.
Some of ihe principal ftreets arc of con-
fideraUc length, and perfedtly ftraigbt.
That called the Coru) is the moft fre-
quented. Here tho nobility difplay
their equipages during the carnival, and
. take the air in the evenings, in fair
weather. The fhops on each fule are
three or four feet higher than the ftreet;
and there is a path for foot paHengers,
on a level with the fliops. The palaces,
of which there are feveral in this ftreet,
range in a line with the ho^fes, having
no courts before them. The Strada
Felice, and the Strada di Porta i'ia,
are alfo very long and noble ftreets.
There are no lamps lighted in the ftreets
at night i and all Rome would be in
Htfer darknefs, were it not for the
candles which the devotion of indi
vidiiaU fome times places before the
ftatues of the Virgin : thefe appear
glimmering, at vaft intervals, like ftars
\\\ a cloudy night. Rome exhibits a
ftrange mixture ot ir.?^nificent and in-
teicfting, and of common ind beggarly
objeifts ; the former confifts of palaces,
churches, fountains, and the remains of
antiquity ; the latter comprehend all
the reft of the city. The church of St.
Peter, in the opinion of many, furpafles,
in lize and magnificence, the fincft
monuments of ancient architecture. It
v.as beguato be built in 1506, finiftied
in 1621, and is entirely covered both
>vithin and without with marble. Its
length is 730 feet, the breadth 520,
and the height, from the pavement to
the top of the crofs which crowns the
cupola, 450. The high altar under the
cupola is 90 feet in height, and of ex,-
traordinary magnificence. A complete
ROM
dcfcription of this church, and of its
Ilatuta, baflo-rclievos, columns, and
various other ornamtiits, would fill vo-
lumes. Thf cathi.'dral of St. John La-
teran, the Romans f.iy, ib the moft an-
cient of all the churches of Rf>me, and
the mother of all the churclu ■ in Chrif-
ttndom. It contains the Scala Santa,
of 28 white marble fteps. brought from
Jerufalem, by which Chrift is faid to
have afcindcdto the palace of Caiaphas*
To this church every new pope con-
ftantly goes fii ft, in a magnificent pro-
cfffion, to take poflcflion of the holy
fee. The Pantheon is the moft pcrfeft
of the Roman temples which now re-
niain, and notwithftanding the deprc-
dations it has fuftained from Goths,
Vandals, and popes, is ftill a beautiful
monument of Roman tafte. The pa«
vilion of the great altar of St. Peter,
and the four wreatiied pillars of Co-
rinthian brafs which fupport it, were
formed out of the fpoilb of the Pan-
theon, which, after 1900 years, hag ftill
a probability of outliving its proud ca-
pacious rival. The Pantheon, original-
ly cret'led to the honour of all the gods,
is now become a chriftinn temple, de-
dicated to the Virgin, and has obtain-
ed, from its circular form, the namfe of
the Rotundo. Its height is 150 feet,
and its width nearly the fame. There
are no pillars to fupport the roof, which
isconftrudted in the manner of a cupola |
neither has it any windows, a fuffiden-
cy of light being admitted through a
central opcning*in the dome. As the
Pantheon U the moft entire, the am-
phitheatre of Vefpafian is the moft flii-
peiidous monument of antiquity in
Rome. About one half of the external
circuit ftill rem tins; from which a
pretty exad idea may be formed of the
original ftru^ure, and by computatioii
it could contain 85,000 fpciflators. But
the antiquities of Rome are too nu-
merous to be minutely defcribed ; that
the ancient Forum, now a ct-w-mariot ;
the beautiful column of Trajan, &c.
muft be paflVd over. The CampidogUo,
built by Michael Angelo, is a beautiful
ftru(5ture, ftanding on the file of the
ancient Capitol, fo long the centre of
the empire of th^ vvorld. The body
of this palaci; is the refidtnce of the
fenators of Rome, and the wings arc
inhabited by the conservatores of the
city. The pope has three fuperb pa-
laces, of which the principal is the
Vatican, near St. Peter's church. The
library of this palace is the largeft and
moll complete in the world ; rich, ef-
pecially in manufcripts, in all laoguagii.
ROM
and of all ages. In Komc the connoif-
feiir will meet with innumerable paint-
ings by the greateft mal\crs, and with
the fiiicil workt of fcul{Tture, &c.
Befide the univcriity, which confifts of
feveral noble collcgesi there are nume-
rous academies and htcrary ibcieties.
The cafthof St. Anpelo llrvcs more to
keep the city in awe, than to repel any
fori ij>n attack. Rome was entered, in
1798, by the French, and in confequence
of a tumult, in which their general was
killtd, they depoftd the pope, aboliflied
the papal government, and eredlcd in
its ftfpd a republic, ftyled the Roman
Republic. The aged pope they fcnt to
France, where he died on his various
nmovals; they alfo fent away a great
number of the mod valuable ftatucs and
paintings, and levied heavy contribu-
tions on the inhabitants. However, in
1799, the city was retaken by the allies,
the new republic overthrown, and the
papal government reftored. Rome is
no miles Nw of Naples, 410 ssvy of
Vienna, and 600 sk of Piiris. Lon. i2
29 E, lat. 41 54 N.
Rome, a town of New York, in Her-
^ kemcr county, near which, to the e, is
* Fort Stanwix. It is feated at the head
of Mohawk river, eight miles wnw of
Whiteftown.
Romenaj/, a town of France, in the
department of Saone and Loire, 15
miles NNF, of Macon.
Romerjtadt, a town of Moravia, in
the neighbourhood of which are fome
iron mines. It is 20 miles nne of Ol-
mutz.
Romfordt a town in EITex, with a
market on Tuefday for hogs, calves,
tnd flieep, and on Wedncfday for
cattle, corn, ftc. It is li miles ene of
London.
Romhild. a town of Franconia, in
the county of Henneberg, with a c iftle,
13 miles s of Meinungen.
Romkala, a town of Syria, with the
remains of an ancunt and ftrong cuft'e,
in which are two churches. It is feated
on the Kuphrates, at the influx of the
Simeren, 85 miles nnf. of Aleppo.
Ronina, a town of Ri.flia, \\\ the go-
▼eri'.mtnt of Tcbermgof, 88 miles ese
of Tchtmigof.
Rnmnty, a town of Virginia, chief of
Hampfhii rounty, feated on the sw
branch of he Potomac, 50 miles wnw
ef Winchefter. Lon. 79 5 w, lat. 39
ao .
Romney, Nezu, a town in Kent, with
a marki't on Thurfday. It is onr of
the cinque-porls, and once ccntaincd
•five churches and a priOfy ; but fince
RON
the fet has retired, it is much rsduced.
Old Romney, now a fmall pl,ice, is a
mile to the vv, and was the original
port. The new town i: feated on a hill,
in Romney marfh, aa miles sw of
Dover, and 71 oe of London. Lon. o
56 is, lat. f,o 59 w.
Romney Man/i, a traft in the moft
fouthern part of Kent, between Dunge-
ncfs and Rye haven, defended from the
fca by a ftrong embankment, callrd
Dymchurch Wall. It is 20 miles long
and eight broitd, containing about
50,000 acres of firm land, and fomo of
the richnfl paflurcs in England. Vad
flocks of lliecp, and herds <>i' cattle, are
fattened here to an extraordinary fize,
and fcnt hence to tlie Londi.n market.
It has two towns and nineteen pariflies,
.''hich were incorporated in the rci^n of
Edward iv, by the namcof abuiliff, 24
jurats, and the commonalty of Romney
Marlh.
Rowo>it, a townof SwiflTerlaiid, in the
canton of Friburg, feated on a mountain,
10 miles NW of Friburg.
Romorentin, a town of France, in the
department of Loir and Cher, with a
cafllc, and manufactures of fcrjjes nnd
cloths ; feated on the Saudrc, i6 miles
SE of Blois, and 40 s by w of Orleans.
Romsdalt a town of Norway, capital
of a province, in the government of
Drontheim, loo miles sw of Dront-
heim. Lon. 7 54 e, lat- 62 28 n'.
Romsey, a town in ILimpflure, go»
verncd by a mayor, with a market on
Saturday. It has a manufaiflure of
Ihaloons, and feveral paper-mills. Here
was a confiderable abbey for Hencdic-
tine nuns, of which little is now Hand-
ing, except the fpacious church. It is
feated on the Andover canal and the
river Teft, eight miles nw of South-
ampton, and 7^^ w by s of London.
Roncevallosy a town of Spain, in Na-
varre, fliuate in a valley, to which it
gives name, 14 miles nne of Pam-
plona.
Ronciglione, a town of Italy, in the
patrimony of St. Peter, with a fortified
caftle. It is feated on the Taoia, near
a lake of the fame name, 28 miles nnw
of Rome. Lon. iz 32 e, lat. 42 18 K.
Ronda, a ftrong town of Spain, in
Gianada, with a caftle ; feated on a
craggy rock, near the Guadiaro, 41
miles w of AJalaga, and 43 n by E of
Gibraltar.
Ron:ie, a feaport of Denmark, in the
illand of Bornholm, and the refidencc
of the governor. The harbour is for-
tified, but not deep. Lon. 14 ^5 e, lat
iS^oV. " ■' ■" ■"
R O S
lionntburfft a town and caftle of
UppiT Saxony, in the principality of
Alti-iibiirg, 14 miles sw of Altenbtirg.
lioque, St. a town of Spain, in An*
cl.iliiii>i, at the entrance of the iOhmiis
which feparatcs Gibraltar from the con-
tinent. Here are fcTcral batteries, and
a fort ut iMch end, to defend the lineu
which run acrofsthe iflhmus. It ftands
on the topof a hill, overlooking the bay,
17 miles NB of Tarift'a, and 58 se of
Cadiz.
lioiiiiefort, a town of France, in the
department of Landc», featcd on the
Dont'fe, 15 miles enk of Mont dc
Aiurlan.
Ro<juemaure, a town of France, in
the department of Card, feated on a
rock, near the Rhone, as miles ne of
Nifmes.
Uoquetas, a town of Spain, in Gra-
nada, on the coaft of the Mediterra-
nean, 10 miles sw of Almcria, and 5 a
SE of Granada.
Itorast a town of Norway, in the
government of Drontheim, noted for
important mines of copper, 68 miles s
«f Drontheim,
Rojot a lingular mountain of the
Pennine Alps, at the ne boundary of
Piedmont, little inferior in height to
Mont Blanc- It forms, as it were, a
circus of gigantic peaks, round the
village of Macugnaga ; and its appear-
ance is fuppofed to impart the name
from fome refemblance to an expanded
rofe.
Rosamarina, a town of Sicily, in Val
di Demuna, at the mouth of a river of
the fame name, za miles w by s of
Patti.
Rojana, a town of Lithuania, in the
palatinate of Novogrodec, feated near
the Zolva, ao miles sw of Novo-
grodec.
liosiaeb, a village of Upper Saxony,
inThuringia, 10 miles se ofMeribure;
famous for a viflory obtained by the
king of Pruffia, over the French and
Aultrians, in 1757.
lioschadi a town of Swiflerland, with
a caftle on a mountain ; feated on the
lake of Conftance, feven miles ene of
St. Gall.
Roschild, a town of Denmark, in the
ifle of Zealand, and a bifliop's fee. It
is now a poor place, but was the refi-
dence of the kings of Denmark for fe-
veral centuries before Copenhagen was
founded; and the cathedral has long
been the place of their fepulture. A
treaty of peace was concluded here in
165&. It is feated at the end of a deep
Sulf, 16 miles w of Copenhagen.
R O S
Itoscommon^ a county of Ireland, hi
the province of Connaught, 50 milt*
long and aS broad y bounded on the n
by Sligo and Lcitnm, 1 by Longford
and W Meath, s by Galway, and w by
Galway and iNIayo. It contains about
86,000 inhabitants, is divided into 59
partihes, .ind fends two members to
parliament. It is a tolerably level
country, producing excellent corn and
Eafturngei yet there are fome extunfiv*
ogs.
Jtojcommen, a borough of Ireland,
c.ipital of the county of the fame name.
It is 80 miles w by N of Dublin. Lon.
8 42 w, lat. S3 34 N.
Rotcreot a town of Ireland, in Tip-
pcrarv. Two miles to the se are the
lingular ruins of an abbey, on an ifland
of about three acres, in the centre oft
bog. It is ao miles wsw of Marybo-
rough, and 3a N of Caihel.
Roieau. See Charlotte-town.
Rosemarkie. See Fortrose-
Rosenberg, a town of Silefia, in the
principality of Oppein, with a fmall
cadle, 35 miles ne of Oppein.
Rosenberg, a town of Bohemia, in
the circle of Bcchin, feated on the MuU
dau, ai miles s of Budweis.
Rosenheim, a town of Bavaria, feated
at the conflux of the Manguald with
the Inn, 34 miles sb of Mimich.
Roses, a feaport of Spain, in Cata-
lonia, wiih a citadel. It was taken by
the French in 1693, and in 1^93- It is
feated on the bay of Rofes, m the Me-
diterranean, 37 miles NE of Gerona.
Lon. 3 7 E, lat, 4a 17 N.
Rosetta, or Raschid, a town of
Egypt, one of the pleafanteft in the
country. It has a great manufaAurc of
ftriped and other coarfe linens ; but its
chief bufinefs is the carriage of goi^s
to Cairo ; for all European merchandife
is brought hither from Alexandria by
fea. The rice grown in its vicinity*
called sultani, is chiefly fent to Conftan-
tinuple, and its exportation to any
other place is prohibited. Rofetta was
taken by the French invaders, in 1798.
It ftands on an ifland, formed by the w
branch of the Nile, 35 miles ene of
Alexandria, and 100 nnw of Cairo.
Lon. 30 33 E, lat. 31 33 N.
Rosienne, a town of Samogitia, where
the provincial diet and court of judica-
ture are held. It is feated on the Du-
bifle, 70 miles s of Mittau, and 188 Nt
of Warfaw. Lon. 23 45 e, lat. S5
30 N.
Rosters aux Salines, a town of
France, in the department of MeurtCf
fornr/erly celebrated for its salt-woijcs;
R O S
featcd on the Meurte, nine miles se
of Nancy.
Ruotf, a town of France, in the de-
partnnent of Seine and Marne, with a
magnificent caftle, i6 miles ene of
Metun, and 30 se of Paris.
Roij, a town in Herefordfliire, with
a market on Thnrfday. It owes moft
of its improvements and charitable in-
ftitution to John Kyrle, commonly
called the Mon of Rofs, whofc benevo-
lent character is fo intereftingly deli-
tieated by the pen of Pope. Four miles
to the sw are the maflive remains of
Goodrich caftle; and near it are the
ruins of Flanesford priory, the chapel
m which is converted into a barn. Rofs
is featcd on an elevated rock, on the
Wye, 1 2 miles se of Hereford, and 1 20
w by N of London.
Boss, a feaport of Ireland, in the
county of Cork,, and united to Cork
as an epifcopal fee. The harbour was
formerly famou?, but has been gradu-
ally filled up with faiid, that the town
is funk from its former fplendour. It
is feated on a bay of the Atlantic, 20
miles sw of Kinf^lc LoUt 8 58 w, lot.
51 aa N.
Ross, Nc'iv, a borough of Ireland, in
the county of Wexford, fituate on the
Barrow, which is navigable for large
VflTels up to the quay. The town has
a confiderablc trade, and exports a
great quantity of wool, butter, nnd
bf;ef. It is u miles ne of Waterford,
and 19 w of Wexford.
Ro.'satio, a ftrong town of Naples,
in Calabria Citeriore, and an archhi-
Ihop's fee. The adjacent valleys yield
oil, capers, fatfron, and excellent pep-
per. It is feated on an eminence, fur-
rounded by rocks, three miles from the
gulf of Tarento, and tp,6 se of Naples.
Lon. lA 38 E, lat- 3^ 4K N.
Rosslau, a iowu t>f Upper Saxony,
in the principality of Anhalt, with a
cadle; feated at the conflux of the
RofsUu with the Elbe, 10 miles sse of
Zerbft.
Ross-ihirft a county of Scotland, fio
miles long and 70 broad ; bounded on
the N by Sutherlandlhire and the frith
of Dornock, w by the Minch, s by In-
verndsfhire, and E by the frith of Mur-
ray and thecounty of Cromarty, which
laft it almoft inciofcs. It is divided into
30 parifhes, and the number of inhabit-
antsin 1801 was 5a<a9i. Themiddlcand
Nw parts are mountainous and dreary;
the E part is variegated with woods,
lakes, and rivers. The hills feed horfes,
beeves, fheep, and goats, and abound
with game 3 the rivers and lakes teem
ROT
with fifh and waterfowl ; and the lochei
on the w coaft are vilited regularly by
a ihoal 01 herrings. The inhabitants of
the w and s parts fpeak the £ife lan-
guage, which is alfo underftood on the
E coaft, when;, however, KngliHi is
generally fpoken. The ifland of Lewis
is attached to this county. Tain is
the capital.
RojjiveiiJ, a town of Upper Saxony,
in Mifnia, with a good trade in wool,
flannel, and cloth; feated on the Muldau,
33 miles w of Drefden.
Rostctk, a town of Arabia, in the pro-
vince of Oman, and the feat of a fove-
rcign prince. It is 120 miles w of
Maikat. Lon. ^y 30 e, lat. aj 30 n.
Rostock, a fortified town of Lower
Saxony, hi theiiuchyof IVIecklenburg,
with a univcrfity, a pood harbour, a
ftrong citadel, an arfenal, and three
churches. It is divided Into three
parts, the old, the new, and the middle
town, and carries on a large trade. It
was often taken in the i8th century;
the laft time in 1761 by the Pruflians.
It is feated on the river Warne, 10
miles from its entrance into the Baltic,
and 31 ENE of Wifmar. Lon. la ao E,
lat. 54 10 N.
Rostof, a town of Ruflia, in the go.
vernment.of Xaroflaf, and an episcopal
fee. It is feated on the lake Nero, or
Roftof, which communicates with the
Volga by the river Kotoroft, 95 miles
NE of Mofcow. Lon. 40 zs e. lat. 57
5N.
Rostrenan, a town of France, in the
department of Cotes du Nord, 35 miles
sw of St. Brieuc.
Rostrei'or, a tt)wn of Ireland, in the
county of Down, with a confiderablc
falt-work and a pottery; feuted on
Carlingford bay, nine miles se of
Newry.
Rota, a town and caftle of Spain, in
Andalulia, at the entrance of the bay of
Cadiz, nine miles nnw of Cadiz.
Rotas, a town of Hindooftan, in the
country of Lahore, 85 miles kw of La-
hore. ' Lon. 71 5 a E, Tat. 3 a 4 n.
Rotas, a town of Hindooftan, in the
country of Uahar, 108 miles sw of
Patna. Lon. 84 o e, lat. 24 38 n.
Rotenberg, a town and fortrefs of
Franconia, capital of a lordfliip of the
fame name; (ituate on a mountain, 18
miles NE of Nurenberg, and a^ ssw of
fiayreuth.
Rotenburg, a town of Swiflerland,
in the canton of Lucern, four miles v
ofLucern.
Rotenburg, a town of Suabia, in the
county of Hohenbcrg, with a caftle.
ROT
Near it is a FatnouR mineral fpring. It
fiands on the Neckar, fix miles wswof
Tubingen.
Itotenburg, a town of Weftptialia, in
the duchy of Verd(!n, on the river
Wumme, 15 miles n by e of Verden.
Hotenl/ur^, a town of Germaay, in
the late bifhopric of Spire, 1 2 miles e
of Philipfburg.
Itotenburgi a town of Germany, in
Lower Helle, with a palace, belonging
to the prince of Ilefle-Rheinfels ; feated
on the Fulda, 24 miles sse of Caflel.
liotenburg, a town of Brandenburg,
in the New mark, feated on the Oder,
14 miles E of Croffen.
Roten/eht a town of Franoonia, in
the principality of Wurtzburg, feated
on the Maine, 13 miles Nw of Wurtz-
burg.
Rotht a town and cattle of Franconia,
in the principality of Anfpach- It is
the birthplace of the Cv-lebrated Geff-
ner, and (lands at the conflux of the
Roth with the Rednitz, 18 miles s of
Nurenberg.
Hothbur;/, a town in Northumber-
land, with a market on Friday; feated
on the Coquet, nine miles sw of Aln-
wick, and 302 N by w of London.
Rothenberg, a town of Upper Lufa-
tia, on the river Neifla, 17 miles n of
Gorlitz.
Rotbenburg, a town of Franconia,
capital of a territory of the fame name.
It is furruunded by moats and ram-
parts, and ttands on a mountain, by the
river Tauber, from which it is supplied
with water by means of a machine. It
has five churches, and was lately an im-
perial town. It is 15 miles wnw of
Anfpach. Lon. 10 18 E, lat. 49 2z n.
Rothert a river which rifes in Suflex,
forms the boundary between that
county and Kent for a fliort fpace, and
enters the Englifli channel at Rye.
Rotherham, a town in W Yorkfhire,
with a market on Monday- It has a
large church, and is famous for conli-
derable iron-works in its vicinity at
Mafbrough. It is feated at the conflux
of the Rothtr with the Don, 34 miles a
of Leeds, and 159 n by w of London.
Rothsay, a borough of Scotland, the
capital of the ifle of Bute. Here is an
ancient cattle, once a royal palace,
which gives the title of duke to the
heir apparent of the crown. It has a
conliderablc trade in the herring flfliery,
and fevcral cotton works. In iBoi, the
number of inhabitants was 523 1. It is
fituate on the £ fide of the ifland, and
kai an excellwt harbour and pier, 80
R O U
miles w by 3 of Ediaburg. Lon. 4 53
w, lat. 55 48 N.
Uothivell, a town pf Suabia, lately
imperial, but given, in 1802, to the
duke of VVirtemberg. Two miles to
the s is Rothmunfter ajsbey, where
they receive none but noble women.
Rothweil is feated on the Neckar, near
its fource, 37 miles ssw of Tubingen.
Lon. 8 37 E, lat. 48 8 n.
Rottenmann, a town of Germany, in
Stiria, with a college of regulur canons,
ao miles nnw of Judenburg.
Rotterdam, a city of S Holland, witlj
one of the fineft harbours in the Ne-
therlands. It is the raoft conQdcrable
place in Holland, for the bt?auty of its
buildings, and trade, next to Amfter-
dam ; and the inhabitants are computed
at 48,000. There are fo many deep-ca-
nals, that fliips may unload at the very
doors of the warehoufes. On the s
fide of the city is a large bafin and dock,
for the purpofe of building and launch-
ing veflcls employed in the fervice of
th,c admiralty and the Eatt-India Corn-
piny. This port is more frequented
than Amtterdam, becaufe the ice breaks
up fooner, and the tide, in two or
three hours, will carry a fliip into the
open fca. The townhoufe, the bank,
and the arfenal, are magnificent. Some
of the hoiifes a'-e built in the old Spa-
nifh ftyle, with the gable ends embat-
tled in front; but there is a great num-
ber of modern brick houfes, which arc
lofty and fpacious, particularly on that
magnificent quay called the Bomb Tees.
On this quay is a handfoite Jcwifh fy-
nagogue. Erafmus was born in this
city, whofe ttatue in bron/e (latidii in
an open place, at the head of oix' of
the canals; and the huufe in which lie
was born has an infcription, in front,
to his honour. Rotterdam received
the French troops, Jan. 23, 1795- It ia
feated at the influx of the Rotte with
the Merwe (the mod northern brancii
of the Meufe) 30 miles ssw of Arafler-
dain. Lon. 4 29 e, hit. 51 56 v.
Rotterdam, one of the Frieidly
iflands, in the Pacific ocean, difeovered
by Tafman in 1643. Lon. 174 30 w,
lat. 20 16 s.
Rottitigeu, a town of Franconia, In
the principality of Wurtzburg, fituate
on the Taubcr, 17 miles s of Wurtz-
burg.
Rouen, a city of France, capital of
the department of Lower Seine, and an
archifiilhop's fee. It ftaniis on the n
fide of the Seine, and is fcvcn miles in
circuit} aad (its fix fuburbu included) is
R OU
•omputed to contain 73,000 inhabit-
• ants. The ftrects are narrow and
crooked, and coniift of wooden houfes ;
notwithftanding which* it is one of the
mod opulent and commercial places in
France. Among the public buildfngs,
the mod diflinguifliod are, the great
hall of the palace, in which the late
parliament of Rouen met, the old caf-
tle, and the principal church, orna-
mented with three towers. Near this
chiirch, which is not the only remark-
able one, is the public library. In tlie
market-place is a ftatiic of ttle cele-
brated Maid of Orleans, who was burnt
here by the Englifli for a witch. The
fuburb of St. Sever, fituate on the other
fide of the Seine, communicates with
the city by a bridge of boats, which is
made to open, fo as to admit the pafT-
age of fhips. Rouen is the birthplace
of the two Corncilles, and of Fonte-
nclle. It is 50 miles sw of Amiens,
and 70 Nw of Paris. Lon. i a e, lat.
49 a6 N.
Roveredo, a town of Germany, in
Tyrol, feated near the Adige, at the
foot of a mountain, on the river Lens,
over which is a bridge, defended by a
ftrong citadel. It has a very confider-
able trade in (ilk, and a great quantity
of tobacco is railed here. The Auftri-
ans were defeated near this place, in
1796, by the French, who took pof-
feffion of the town ; but they were
obliged to abandon it foon afterward. It
is 13 miles s of Trent. Lon. 10 55 e,
lat. 45 50 N.
Roucr^ue, a late province of France,
75 miles long and 50 broad; bounded
on the E by tiie Ctvenncs and Govau-
dan, w by Q,iiercy, n by the fame and
Auvergne, and s by Langucdoc. It is
not very fertile, but feeds a number of
cattle, and has mines of copper, iron,
alum* vitriol, and fulphur. It now
forms the department of Aveiron.
Rouaht or Roiha. See Orfa.
Rovigno, a feaport of Iftria, with
two good harbours, and quarries of fine
fione. It is feated on a peninfula in the
gulf of Venice, 36 miles s of Capo d'lf-
tria. Lon. 13 58 e, lat. 45 1 1 n.
Ro'vigo, a town of Italy, capital of
Polefino di Rovigo, and the refidence
of the bifhop of Adria, to the decline
of which town it owes its increafe. It
is feated on the Adige, 37 miles sw of
Venice. Lon. la 14 E, lat. 45 38 n.
Roum, a name applied to a part of
Afiatic Turkey, extending from the
Mediterranean to the Black fea, be-
tween Caramania on the w, and Diar>
ROY
bekir and Armenia on the e, and in*
eluding the fanglacates of Sivas, Ada-
na, and Marafch.
Rousselart, a town of the Nether-
lands, in Flanders, feated on the Man-
del, 10 miles N R of Ypri .
Roujsil/oH, a late province of France,
50 miles long and 25 broad ; bounded
on the w by Berdagna, n by Lower
I<anguedoc, e by the Mediterranean,
and s by Catalonia, from which it is fe-
parated by the Pyrenees. See Pi/re-
nee J, Eastern.
Boxbitrjrs/irre, a county of Scotland,
fometimes called Teviotdale; bounded
on the xV by lierwickfiiirc, e and s by
Northumberland and Cumberland, and
w by the (hires of Dumfries and Sel-
kirk. It is of an irregular figure, and
the greateft extent, in rvery direction,
is about 30 miles. It is divided into 3 1
parifhea, and the number of inhabitants
in i8oi was 33,682. The principal
rivers are the Tweed, Teviot, and Lid-
del. The face of the country exhibits
a rough appearance of moflTes, hills,
and mountains, intcrfperfed with nar-
row valleys, well watered, and fertile in
corn.* The hills feed great numbers of
Iheep and cattle. This county had its
name from the once magnificent city
and caftle of Roxburg, fituate between
the Teviot and the Tweed, nearly op.
polite Kelfo : of the city few traces are
now evident ; and the caftle, near the
mouth of the Teviot, is entirely a ruin.
At this caftle, in 1460, James 11 of
Scotland loft his life, by the burfting of
a cannon. About two miles from the
caftle, on the banks of the Teviot, is a
village called Roxburg. The prefent
capital of the county is Jedburg.
Roxbury, a town of Ma'"<i -'iiifets, in
Norfolk county, fituate at tne foot of a
hill,~ and at the entrance of the neck of
land leading to Bofton, two miles ssw
of that town.
Royan, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Lower Charente. It was
fortified by the Huguenots, and fo vi-
goroully defended againft Lewis xiii,
in 162a, that he was obliged to with-
draw his troops; but he afterward
avenged this difgrace, by demolilhing it
fo entirely, that 'the prefent place is
merely the Aiburbs of the former. It
is feated at the mouth of the Garonne,
18 miles sw of Saintes.
Roye, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Somme, 26 m>lee su of
Amiens-
Royston, a town in Hertfordfhire,
with a market on Wednefday. Part of
the E, and in-
lale; bounded
R U F
the town extends into C'ambridgeflilrc
Under »he market-place is a kind of
fiibterranean cript, dug out of the folid
chalk, fuppofcd to be of Saxen coa-
fltiiction. it is 14 miles s of Cam-
bridge, and -7 N of London.
Ruatan, ot Rati an an iil.ind of New
Spain, in the bay of Honduras, aj
miles frum the coaft, with a good har-
bour, near the e t;iid. Lon. 86 50 w,
fat. 16 15 N.
Jiuhiera, a town of Italy, in the Mo-
dtncle, ieated on the Seccia, eight
m ivs Nw of Modena.
Ruc/aiVf a town of PriiflTia, in the
province of Samland, formerly fortified
with a cnftlc, now in luins. This
pl.ice is remarkable for the victory ob-
tained by the knights of the Teutonic
Order, in 1370, over KinfUid, great
ilU'ke of Lithuania ; in . memory of
which a ftone pillar was erected, which
it! ftii! remaining. It is U miles nnw
of Konigiberg.
Rudelstadtf a town of Upper Saxony,
in Thuiiiigia, .caDital of the Upper
county of Schwartzbuj-g, \yith a tine
caftie on a mountain. if*'iwtL^
factures of flannel and ftnffs, Thlh is
anu-
feated on the Saal, 22 miles se of Er-
furt. Lon. II 50 E, lat. 50 44 N.
Rudehtadt, a town of Silefia, in the
principality of SchweiJnitz, with a
miiie-officc and copper-works, feated
on the Buber, 16 miles w of Schweid-
nitz.
Rudeshi'tm, a town of Germany, in
the late cledorate of Mentz, celebrated
for its wine, three miKs n of Bingen.
Rttdgley, or Uu^eley, a town in Staf-
fordlhire, with a market on Tuefday,
and manufactures of felts and hats;
feated on the Trent, 10 miles ese of
Stafford, and 126 nw of London.
Rudisto. See Rodesto-
Rudkioping, a fortified feaport of
Denmark, and the only town in the
illaiid of Langeland. It has a confider-
able trade in corn and provifions. Lon.
II o E, lat. 55 I N.
Rudolfiiverd, a town of Germany,
in Carniola, with a large collegiate
church; feated on the Gurck, in a
country fertile in good wine, 45 miles
SF. of Laubach.
Ruet a town and bailiwic of Swifler-
land, in the canton of Friburg, 13
miles NE of Laufanne.
Rue, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Somme, 15 miles nw of
Abbeville.
Ruffach, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Upper Rhine, feated on
the Rotbach, feven miles s «f Colmar.
RUN
Ruffec, a town of France, in the dO'
partment of Charente, feated on the
Anche, 24 miles n of Angoulfime.
Rugby, a town in Warwickfhire,
with a market on Saturday, and a cele-
bratt.'d fchool, well endowed; feated
on the Avon, 11 miles se of Coventry,
and 83 NNW of London.
Rugcn, an Jlland in the Baltic, on
the coaft of Pomerania, oppofite Stral-
fund, the channel between which town
and the illand is not above a mile in
breadth. Including the indentions of
the fea, which are conficlerable, the
iiland is 23 miles long and 18 broad,
and abounds in corn and cattle. It
was ceded to the French in 1807, foon
aft'-r the furrender of Stralfund. The
chitf town is Bergen, la miles ne of
Stralfund.
Rugenwald, a town of Further Pome-
rania, the chief place of the duchy of
Weiulen, with a caftie. Here is a good
falmon fifhery and a great trade in li-
nen. It is feated 0:1 the Wippcr, three
miles ftom the Baltic, and 35 ne of
Colberg. Lon. 16 17 e, lat. 54 25 w.
Ruhlaud, a town of Upper Lufatia,
which has a trade in fi'h and beer, and
ftands on the Elfter, 25 miles n by E
of DrefJen.
Rum, K\\ ifland of Scotland, one of
the Hebrides, feven miles w of the s
extremity of Skye. It is eight mile»
long and fix broad, the furface hilly and
rocky; but it feeds a confideraljle
number of fmall fheep, whole fleih and
wool are valuable. The only harbour
is Loch Serefort, on the e coaft. Lon.
6 24 w, lat. 57 II N.
Rumigny, a town of France, in the
department of Ardennes, 12 miles sw
of Rocroy.
Rutfiilly, a town of Savoy, on an ele-
vated plain, at the conflux of the Seram
and Nepha, feven miles wsw of An-
necy.
Rummelsburg, a town of Further Po-
merania, with manufactures of cloth,
feated on the Wipper, 14 miles n of
New Stettin.
Rumncij, or Rhyney, a river of Wales,
which rifes in Brecknockfliire, and fe-
par.it^ing the counties of Glamorgan
and Monmouth, enters the Briftol
channel, to the se of Cardiff.
Rimgpour, a town of Hindooftan, in
Bengal. 'I'he chief produce of its fer-
tile diftrid is rice, but there is alfo
much tobacco, and fome indigo. It it
1 34 miles NN E of Moorfliedabad. Lon.
89 24 E, lat. 25 44 N.
Runkel, a town of Woftphalia, with
a citadel, on a high hill, formerly the
. R U S
refidence of the counts of Wied-Runkcl.
It is fcnted on the Lahn, 14 miles ene
of Nafr;ui.
Hupelmonde, a town of the Nether-
lands, in Flauilers, Icatcd on the Scheldt,
«ppofite the influx of tiie Rupel, fight
miles sw of Antwcip.
Rupert, a 1 iver of I^'ew Britain, which
iflues from the lake Miftaflin, and
flows w into the ;.t pari ut* James bay.
In its courfi; it forms feveral fmall lukes;
and at its- mouth is tlie remain of Fort
Kiipert, formerly a fetthment of the
Hudfon Bay Company. Lon. 76 58 v\ ,
lot. 51 3 N.
lUippin, a town of Brandenburg, in
the Middle mark, capital of a c'rcit; of
the fame name, which was formerly a
county. It Itands on the w lide of a
Jake, formed by the rivor Rhin; and on
the oppofite fide of the lake is Old
Ruppin, with an ancient caftle, the re-
fidence of its former counts, whofe
burial-place is at New Ruppin. This
town was cntiiely confumcd by fire, in
1787, but is rebuilt in a handfome
manner, and greatly augmented. It
basa confiderable trade, a nr.anufadlure
of cloth, and noted breweries. It is 3 a
TTiilea NNW of Berlin. Lon. 13 o e,
lat. 5a 56 N.
Ruremotieie, or Bnermonde, a ftrong
town of France, in tlie department of
Roer,!atelyof AuftrianGeIdcrIand,anda
biOiop's fee. It has been taken feveral
times; particularly in 1792, by the
Fiench, who were obliged to evacuate
it foon after, but took it again the next
year. It is fcated at the conflux of the
Roer with the Meufe, iz miles s of
Veiilo, and 28 nne of Waeftricht.
Lon. 6 4 t:, tat. 51 it n.
Tlvscek, a town of European Turkey,
in Bu Injuria, defended by a caftle. Here
are twenty mofqiies, three churches,
and a fyuagogue- It is feated on the
Danube, 135 miles n by k of Adriano-
ple. Lon. 26 50 K, lat. 44 12 N.
Russ, a town of Pruflian Lithuania,
at the mouth of the river Rufs, th(!
chief branch of the Niemen, 30 miles
^ w of Tilfit.
Ri<sielsluim, a town of Germany, in
the principality of Hefre-Darmftadt,
fitiiatc on the Nlaine, fix miles k of
ftlentz, and 13 Nw of Darmftadt.
liussti/, a town of France, in the
department of Doubs, near the river
Donbs, 34 miles e by s of Bcfancon.
Rtissitt, a vaft empire, partly in Afia,
and partly in Europe; bounded on the
w by the Frozen ocean, e by the Pacific
ocean, s by Great Tartary, the Cafpian
fca, Pevfia, Turkty in Afia, and the
R U S
Black fei, and w by Turkey in Europe,
Poland, the Baltic fea, and Sweden.
Tiiere were three countries that had
the name of Ruflia; namely, Red
Ruflfia, which formed the s part of Po-
land; White Ruflia, which compre-
hended the E part of Lithuania; and
Black Ruflia, which included the go*
vernmei Its of Kaluga, Mofcow, Tula,
Rezan, Volodimir, and Yaroflaf; and
hence his imperial majrfty takes the
title of emperor of all the Rnflias. This
empire, exclufive of the late acquifi-
tioiis from the Turks and from Poland
(Ice VolaiiJ) forms a fquare, whofe
fides arc 2000 miles each- A country of
fuch vaft extent muft lie in different
climat|;s; and the foil and produdi
muft be as different; but not one third
of the country is fufnciently peopled,
or properly cultivated. The.moft.fer-
tile part is near the frontiers 6f Polar.d;
infomuch that the inhiibilantii /are jible
to fnpply their neighbnirs with corn:
the M part is not only more coiii, but
very marfhy, and overriiu with foieftg,
inhabited chiefly by wild beafts. The
whole country is well watered by lakes
and numerous rivers, which abound
with fifti ; the principal rivers are the
Dnieper, Volua, Don, Dwina, and
Oby. Mediciual and faline fprings are
n«t uncommon; and tliere are mines of
fine filver, copper, iron, and other mi-
nerals. The red and black juchte, or
Ruffia leather, for colour, fmell, and
foftncfs, cannot be equalled in any
other part of the world; and there are
likewile flouriihing manufactures of
linen, woollen fluffs, velvet, and filk:
alfo brafs, iron, ftecl, and tin are
wrought J and great guns, arms, wire,
cordage, canvas, paper, parchment,
candles, faltpetie, gunpowder, glafa,
6(.e. are maJc in Ruflia. This country
aflbids a variiety of commodities, which
an; of great ufe to foreigners, and as its
exports greatly exceed the im|)oits,
there is a confiderable annual balance
of traoe in itb favour. The home com-
modities are fables, black furs, the
Ikins of 'li.ick and white foxes, ermines,
hyenas, lynxes, bears, panthers, wolves,
martens, white bares, &c. likewife Ruf-
fia leather and linen, copper, iron, talc,
tallow, wax, honey, corn, potafh, tar,
linfecd and train oil, caftor, ifinglafs,
hemp, flax, thread, Siberian muffc,
foap, feaihcTo., timber, &c. To thefe
commodities may be added ^'moft all
the merchandife of China, India, Perfia,
'J'urkey, and fome European countries.
This extenfive empire was divided by
Catharine 11 into 41 governments}*
R u s
namely Peterfburg, Olonetz, Wlbiirg,
Revel, Riga, Plkof, Novogorod, Tver,
Smolerilk, Polotlk, Mohilef, Orel, Ka-
luga, Mofcow, Tula, Rezan, Volo-
dimir, Jaroflaul, Vologda, Archangel,
Koftroma, Niznei Novogorod, K^fan,
Simbirlk, Penza, Tambof, Voronetz,
Kurflc, Novogorod Severflcoi, Tcher-
nigof, Kiof, Kbarkof, Catharinenflaf,
Caucafia, Saratof, Viatka, Perm, To-
bolik, Ufa, Kolivan, and Irkutfh; all
which fee, and Siberii . The church is
governed by a pntriarch, under whom
are the archbiihops and bifhops. The
eftabliflied religion is that of the Greek
church, which was firft embraced by
the great duchefs Olga, in the year 955,
and afterward by her grandf<||^the
great duke Wlndimir, in 988,^Miofe
example was followed by his subjedls.
But a confiderable number of Ruffians
profefs the Mahometan religion, and a
greater number are ftill pagans. The
inhabitants of the provinces conquered
from Sweden are Lutherans; and the
proteftants, of whom there are great
numbers among the Ruffians, as alfo
the papifts, enjoy full liberty of con-
fcience, and the public exercife of their
religion; but the latter are not fuffered
to hang up bells in their churches.
There are many convents for both
fexes in the empire ; but Petor i pru-
dently ordered, *that no man fhould
enter on a raonaftic life before he is
thirty years of age, and that no woman
fhould take the veil under fifty, and
then not without the licence of the holy
fynod. Formerly the Ruffians were
wholly employed in agriculttire, feed-
ing of cattle, hunting, atid fifhing; and
he was thought a learned man who
could read and write: but Peter the
great undertook to introduce the arts
and fciences ; and, in 1724, he founded
the firft univerfity that ever was in
Ruffia, and an academy of fciences, at
Peterfburg, fupplied with fome of the
beft profefTors in Europe; and he alfo
invited and eftabliihed great numbers
of excellent artificers. The Ruffi<<ns,
in general, are robufl. well-fhaped, and
of pretty good complexion. They are
great eaters, and very fond of brandy.
They ufe bathing, but fmoke no to-
bacco, left the fmoke fhould difhonour
the images of the faints, which they
hold in great veneration; however,
they take a great deal of fnufF, made of
the tobacco brought from the Ukraine.
With refpedt to drefs, a long beard is
in high eftimation among the fair
•lymphs of Ruffia- The commonalty
bave ftill ji great veneration for this
R U S
fringe of human hair, notwithftanding
the efforts of their monarchs to root it
out; and it is only thofe depending
upon government, in the army and
navy, who have yet compliinl with the
cuflom and the wiflj ot the court.
Thofe who retain their beards retain
likewife the ancient drefn, the long
fwaddling'coat, either of fkins, or of
coarfe cloth lined with fkins, in winter;
and in fummer, of cloth only. About
their middle they have a fafh of any co-
lour; but what they moflly afFeft, is
green or yellow. They wear trowfen
inftead of breeches and flockings; their
limbs are, befides, wrapped in many
folds of woollen fluffs to keep them
warm, and over all they wear boot^.
Their iliirts are without collars; and
their necks expofed to the cold, which
are hard and impenetrable from this
practice. Government continues to
exert every nerve to compel the fub-
jects to adopt the German dreft. The
clergy alone excepted, none can pro-
cure any place, or favour from court,
upon other condition than banifliing
the Aiiatic fheep-fkin robes. The
worn-out veteran retires with a penfion,
upon the exprefs terms of never again
affiiming the habit of his fathers. But
fo zealoufly attached are the multitude
to former manners, and fo honorably
do they efteem them, that a Ruffian
drefTed in his beard and gown, tells you
by his looks that he has not proflituted
the memory of his anceflors. The
drefs of the women is the reverfe of the
men, both in fafhion and colour ; every
part of it being as fhort and tight as de-
cency will allow, and very gaudy. It
is the fame with that of the Highland
women in Scotland; both have the
fliort jacket, the flriped petticoat, and
ftie tartan plaid; and both too, in ge-
neral, have a napkin rolled about their
head. The Ruffian women arc, how-
ever, far more elegant and rich in theii-
attire; nor is gold lace and paint want^
ing, to fet off" their charms. The
young generation are moderni/ing thefe
antic veftments; the Ititf embroidered
napkin is fupplanted by one of flowing
filk; the jacket and petticoat are of
mnllin, or other fine Itufls; and th«
plaid is exchanged fcr a lilk or f.itin
cloak, in the cold fenfon, lined with fur.
The better clafs of females '»'enr velvet
boots. The drcfs ^)t" the higher ranks
i.s after the French and EngliHi fiffiion;
land all wear a covering of fnr lix
months of" the year. Pcrfons of both
fixes wear 3. crofs on their brea'ls,
which is put on whea they arc bjp-
RUT
tVzed and never laid afide while they
live: the peafants cioffes are of lead,
but thofe worn by the better fort arc of
gold or filvcr. The fovereign of R.ifTia
IS abfoliite. He was formerly called
grand duke, which is. now the title of
the heir apparent; he afterward aflum-
cd the title ot czar, •Tfhich the natives
pronounce tzar, or zaar, a corruption
of Ccfar, emperor* 'rom fome fancied
relation to the Roman emperors; on
account of which they alio bear the
eagle as a fymbol of their empire. Tke
firft who bore the title of czar was
Bafil,, fon of Bafilides, vh;- need his
country from its fubjcdlion to the Tar-
tars, about the year 1470. The title
of emperor was firft aflTumed by Peter
I, who, by his adtions, juflly acquired
the furname of Great, and fiiiiflied his
glorious Gourfe in the year 1725. Per-
haps no country ever exhibited, in fo
fhort a time, the wonders that may be
effefted by the genius and exertions of
one man. Peter the great, at his acceffion
to the throne, found his fubjefts of all
ranks involved in thegrolTeft ignorance
and barbarifm; his numerous armies
ferocious and , undifciplined; and he
had neither merchant fliips nor men of
war; which, added to the remotencfs
of her (ituation, rendered the influence
of Ruilia in the politics of Europe of
little confideration. Peter civilized his
barbarous fubjefts, difciplined his
armies, built cities and fortrefTes, and
created a navy. Thefe national im-
provements have been continued fince
his time, and Ruilia now holds a rank
among the nations of the world, of
which human forsfight, at the com-
mencement of the eighteenth century,
could have formed no conception.
Peterfburg is the capital of the whole
empire.
Rtistemmrg, a town of Lower Saxony,
in the territory of Eichfield, with a
caftle, nine miles w of Heiligenftadt.
liustgaden, a town of Sweden, in the
province of Dalecarlia, 23 miles ssw of
Tahlun.
Rutc/iester, a village in Northumber-
land, fix miles n of Hexham. It is the
Vindobala of the Romans. The fort
has becji very confiderable, and the
ruins of it are remarkable. Severus'
wall runs on the middle of the k ram-
part, and Adrian's vallurh pafles about
the diftance of a chain to the s of it.
Butherford, a town of N Carolina,
chief of a county of the fame name,
fituate on a branch of Broad river, 30
miles s by F of Morgantgwn, and 60
w of Charlotte.
R Y D
Buthe'ffUft, a borough of Scotland,
in Lanp.rkihire, feated near the Clyde,
three miles se of Glafgow.
Ruthin., a town of Wales, in Den-
bighihire, with a market on Monday.
It had a ftrong caftle, now in rninn;
and is feated on an eminence, by the
river Clwyd, 15 miles sw of Holywell,
and 205 Nw of London.
Kutigliatio, a town of Naples, in
Terra di Bari, la miles sk of Baii.
Ruthttn, a town of Hindooft.in, in
the province of Malwa, 48 milts w of
Ougein, and 136 E of Aniedabad.
Lon. 74 58 E, Int. 23 55 N-
Rutland, a town of Vermont, chief
of a county of the fame name. This
towi^^d Windfor are alternately the
feat lW>*^ ft'>te legidature. It is feated
on Otter creek, 40 miles w by n of
Windfor, and 57 n of Bennington.
Lon. 73 20 w, lat. 43 30 n.
Rutland, a town of Maflachufets, in
Worcefter county, i-^ miles nw of
Worceftcr, and 56 w of Bollon.
Rutlandshire, the fmalleft county of
England, 15 miles long, and ii broad;
bounded on tiie w and nw by Lei-
cefter/hire, n and ne by Lincolnfliire,
and sand se by Northamptonfiure. It
contains 1 28,000 acres ; is divided into
five hundreds, and 50 parifties; has two
market towns; and fends two meni-
bcrs to parliament. 1 he number of in-
habitants in 1 801, was 16,3 56. The
foil varies much ; but, in general, i«
fertile, particularly the rich vale of Cat-
mofe, which runs from the w fide to
the centre of the county. The princi-
pal rivers are the Welland and the
Guafli, or Wa(h. Oakham is the
county -town.
Ruttunpour, a city of Hindooftan, in
OrtfTa, and the capital of one of the
Wellern Mahratta chiefs. It is :io
miles s by w of Benares, and 360 w of
Calcutta. Lon. 8236 e, lat. 22 16 n.
Rutzen, a town of Silefia, in the
principality of Wolau, 20 miles n of
Wolau.
Rwvo, a town of Naples, in Terra di
Bari, 16 miles w of Bari.
Ruza, a towi of Ruflia, in the go-
vernment of Mofcow, 48 miles WNW of
Mofcow. Lon. 36 2 v-, lat. 55 46 n.
Rt/acotta, a town of Hindooltan, in
Myiore, 85 miles e of Seringap.itani,
and 98 wsw of Arcot. Lon. 78 6 e,
lat. 12 26 N.
Ryan, Loch, a bay of Scotland, in
the NW angle of Wigtonfliire. The fea
flows into it through a narrow pafs;
and it affords excellent anchorage-
Rydal-ivater, a lake io Wcftmorland,
\
' R Z E
a little to the w of Atnblefidc. It is
one mile in length, fpotted with little
idandst and communicates, by a nar-
row channel, with Grafmere-water to
the w, and, by the river Rothay, with
Windermere water to the s.
Rydroogy a town and fortrefs of Hin»
dooilan, in My fore, on the river Hin-
denny, 60 miles nme of Chitteldroog.
Lon. "jk 5? E, Ir.t. 14 to n.
Rytt a borough and fcaport in Suf-
fex, with a market on Wednefday and
Saturday. It is an appendage to the
cinque ports, and governed by a mayor
and jurats. The church is a very large
flructure. On the edge of the cliff is
a fmall battery, and behind it Ipres
tower, a fqnare building, now a jail.
The old port is fb choaked up with
fand, that it can admit fmall veflels
only. In 1726, a new harbour was
opened, in which veflTels of 36^ tons
burden may fafely ride. The exports
are corn, malt, hops, and other pro-
diifls of the country; and hence are
fent confiderable fupplies of fiQi to the
London markets. It is a8 miles sse of
Maiddone, and (>i ^^ ^^ London.
Lon. o 44 F,, lat. 50 ,i;7 n.
Ryeprate, a borough in Surry, with
a market on Tuefday. Here was for-
merly a caftle, built in the time of the
Saxons, and called Holms Caflle; feme
ruins cf it arc to be feen, particularly a
long vault, with a room at the end,
where, it is faid, the barons, who took
up arms againft king John, held their
private meetings. The market-houfe
was formerly a chapel, dedicated to
Thomas a Becket. It is feated in a
valley, called Holmfdale, 16 miles e of
Guildford, and »i sw of London.
Rymenaut, a town of the Nether-
lands, in Brabant, fituate on the Dyle,
five miles e of Mechlin.
Ryniac/i, a town of France, in the
department of Rhine and Mofelle,
lately of Germany, in the electorate of
Colo);i;e, 10 miles wsw of Bonn, and
37 Kw of Coblentz.
li^ssefit a town of Holland, in Over-
ylTel, on the river Regge, 16 miles ene
of Deventcr.
Rys<ivici, a town of S Holland,
where the prince of Orange had a pa-
lace. It is remarkable for a triaty con-
cluded in 1697, between England, Ger-
many, Holland, France, and Spain. It
is feated between Hague and Delft, 30
miles sw of Amlterdam.
Rzecztca, a town of Lithuania, in
the palatinate of Minflt, feated at the
conflux of the Wyedfzwck with the
Dnieper, gS miles sss of Rohaczow.
SAB
Rzettiietti a town of Poland, in the
palatinate of Sandomir, 36 miles ssw of
Sandomir.
s.
Saada, or Saadtt ^ Arong town of
Arabia, in Yemen, and the refidence of
a (hi'ik. Here is a cuftomhoufe, which
brings in a confiderable revenue; and
manufadures of Turkey leather. It is
1 40 miles WNw of Sanaa. Lon. 44 55
E, lat. 17 50 N.
Saalfeldt a town of Upper Saxony,
in the principality of Altenburg, with
a caftle on a mountain. Here are ma-
nufadtures of cloth, and of gold and
lilkAuffs: it is likewife the mint-town
for the circle of Upper Saxony. On an
eminence ijear the town flands the once
celebrated and princely abbey of St.
Peter. In 1806, prince Louis Ferdi-
nand of Pruffia was killed here in a
fkirmifh with the French. It ftands on
the Saal, 34 miles' nne of Coburg, and
46 sw of Altenburg. Lon. 11 3a e,
lat. 50 41 N.
Saalfeld, a town of E Pruffia, feated
on the lake Mebing, 23 miles SE of
Marienburg.
Saar, a town of Moravia, in the circle
of Brunn, on the confines of Bohemia,
4a miles Nvv of Brunn.
Saarmundy a town of Brandenburg*
in the Middle-mark, fix miles s of
Potfdam.
SaatZf a town of Bohemia, capital
of a circle of the fame name, which
yields hops of the beft quality. It is
fituate on the Eger, 48 miies wnw of
Prague. Lon. 13 4a e, lat. 50 19 n.
Saba, a fertile ifland of the W Indies,
1 3 miles in circumference, inhabited by
a few Dutch families, almoft all Ihoe-
makers. It was taken by the Britifh in
1781, and again in i8or. It has no
port, and lies a little to the w of St.,
Chriflopher. Lon. 63 17 w, lat. 17 39 n.
Salianja, a town of Afiatic Turkey,
in Natolia. Here all the roads from
Afia to Conftantinople meet. It is
fituate on a lake which abounds in fifh,
60 miles ENE of Burfa, and 6» ese of
Conftantinople. Lon. 29 40 e, lat. 40 30 n.
Sabatz, or Sabacz, a town and for-
trefs of European Turkey, in Servia.
It was taken by the Auftrians in 17 19.
It is fituate on the Drave, a a miles s of
Peterwardein, and a8 w of Belgrade.
Sabi. See Xavier.
Sabia, a kingdom on the e coafl of
Africa, bounded on the n by Sofala, e
by the Mofambiquc channel, » by un-
SAC
knowp' regions, and w by Manica-
The country is fertile and populous, it
crofllcl by a river of the fame name, has
mines of gold, a^d many elephants.
Manbona is the capital.
SabUt a feaport of Denmark, on the
B cuaft of N Jutitod* at the mouth of a
river of the fan^name, zj miles mne
of Alburg. Lon. lo i8 Bjlat. 57 20 N.
Sabina, a province of Italy, in the
£ccklia(licai State, 28 miles long and
3o broad ; bounded on the n by Um-
bria, e by Naples, s by Campagna di
Roma, and w by *:be 7)atrimony of St.
Peter, t is '■. -ed by feveral fmall
rivers, ..id ff!f>.}i,.ads in oil and wine.
Magliv- ' ?!' ti - ir 'tal.
Saiiant.itc', 5 u-^i of Dalmatia, in
the republK ;'' Rag':*" , (itiiatc on the
extremity of a pcniiii'....., to which it
gives name. This peninfula runs a
coniid<*rable vray into the Atlantic,
having the ifland of Leiia on the K, and
thufe of Ctirzola and Melida on the s,
all feparated by a narrow channel. The
town is 45 miles nw of Ragufa. Lon.
-i( 40 E, lat. 4 J 20 N.
Sabionettot a town of Ital;^, in the
Milanefe, capital of a principality of the
fame name, with a ftrong citadel' It is
io miles e of Cremona.
Sable, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Sarte, near which are fome
quarries of black marble. It is feated on
the Sarte, 25 miles ne of Angers.
Sable, Cape, the moft foutherly point
of Nova Scotia, near which is a fine
cod- fiftiery. Lon. 65 39 w, lat- 41; 23 n.
Sables d'Olonne, a town of France,
in the department of Vendue, with a
port capable of containing vcflels of 150
tons. It is feated on the bay of BifcUy,
40 miles w of Fontenay le Compte.
Lon. I 50 w, lat. 46 28 s.
Sablestan, a province of Perfia, bound-
ed on the N by Cnndahar, e by Hin-
dooftan, s by Makran, and w by Se-
geftan. It is a mountainous country,
little known to Europeans. Boft is the
capital.
Saca'h a city and feaport of Japan, in
the idand of Niphon, with feveral caf-
tles, temples, and palaces, and a moun-
tain on one fide which ferves as a ram-
part, it is 43 miles s by w of Miaco-
Lon. 136 5 E, lat. 34 58 N.
Sacca- Sec Xacca.
Sachseaberg, a town of Germany, in
the county of Waldeck, 10 miles sw of
Waldeck.
Sacluenhagen, a town ftf Weftphalia.
in the county of Schauenburg, 13 mileu
ify of Hanover.
Sachitnlmuterii a town of Germany,
SAG
making part of Frankfort on the Maine.
It is fituate on the s fide of the river,
and conimunicates with the reft of the
city by a ftone bridge, well fortified.
Sachscnhausen, a town of Gcrma.iy,
in the county of Waldeck, fix miles nw
of Waldeck.
Sachsenheim, a town of Suabia, in
the duchy of Wirteroberg, la miles
MNW of Stutgard.
Sacrament, St. a town of Paraguay,
fettled by the Portuguefe, and taken ni
1777 by the Spaniards, to whom it was
ceded by treaty. It ftands on the river
Plata, nearly oppofite Buenos Ayres,
100 miles w by N of Monte Video.
Sacrapatam, a town of Hindooftan,
in Myfore, on the river Cavery, j^ miles
NW of Scringapatam. Lon. 75 52 t,
lat. 13 6 N.
Saddleback, a mountain in Cumber-
land, fo called from its form, fituate
five miles ene of Kefwick. It is upward
of 3000 feet above the level of the fca ;
and on one fide is an immenfe cavity,
once the crater of a volcano, at the
bottom of which is a lake about 20
acres in dimenfion.
Sadras, a town of Htndooflan, in the
CamatJc, on the coaft, near the mouth
of the Paliar. A little to the k are
feven pagodas, hollowed out of a folid
rock. It is 38 miles s of Madras.
Saffi, a ftrong feaport of Morocco,
with a cattle. It was long the centre
of the cotnmerce carriedon with Europe,
but now has little trade. It is 16 miles
s of Cape Cantin. Lon. 8 58 w, lat. 32
28 N.
Sa^an, a town of Silefia, capital of a
principality of the fame name. It has
double walls, a fine palace, a priory of
the Auguftine order, a Lutheran fchool,
and good cloth manufadures. It is
feated on the Bober, 80 miles nw of
Breflau. Lon. 15 %% E,lat. 51 4a n.
Sagar, a town of Hindooftan, in
Myfore, which has a confiderable trade
in pepper, betel-nut, and fandal wood.
It ftands on the Varada, near its fource,
25 miles N of Nagara.
Sag^ Harbour, a feaport of New
York, m Suffolk county, at the £ end
of Long Ifland. The whale filhery
from this place produces 1000 barrels
of oil annually. It is 12 miles nw of
Southampton, and 87 E of New York.
SaghalieH, or Amour, a river of Chi-
nefe Tartary, which riles near the Ya-
blonoi mountains, where it is firft
known by the names of Kerlon and
Argun, and forms pait of the boundary
between Siberia and Eaftern Tartary;
where it receives the Scbilka, and takes
S A I '
it* prefent name. It then makes a cir-
cuitoua eaftern courfe of 1850 miles, in
which it receives many other rivers,
and enters the fea of Okotik, oppoHte
the N part of the illand of Snghalien.
Saghalient or Tchokq, a large ifland
in rile Tea of Okotik^ feporated from
the continent by the channel of Tartary,
on the w ; and from the ifland Jeflb by
Peroiife ftrait, on the fl. This ifland
was little known till explored by Pe-
roufe, and it is the mod important
portion of tlfat navigator's voyage. It
extends frop lat. 46 to 54, or not lefs
than 550 miles in length, by about 90
of medial brtMdth. The centre is
mountainous, and well-wooded with
pine, willow, oak, and birch; but the
ftiores are level, and well adapted to
agriculture. The natives refemble the
Tartars in form : and the upper lip is
commonly tatooed blue. The drcfs is
a loofe robe of ikins, or quilted nan-
keen, with a girdle. Their huts are of
timber, thatched with grafs, with a fire-
place in the middle. Peroufc extols
them as a mild and intelligent race;
and he fays that they are quite unlike
the Mandfliurs, or Chinele. In the
fouth are found fome Japanefe articles ;
and there is a little trade with the
JVfandfliurs and Ruflians.
Saprhalien aula Ilotutit a city of
Eaftem Tartary, in the province of
Tcitcicar. It is rich and populouai.
and very important on account of its
lituation, as it fecurestO the Mandfliur
Tartars the pofleffion of cxtenlive de-
fcrts covered with woods, in which a
great number of fables are found. It is
feated on the river Saghalien, 200 miles
NNE of Tcitcicar. Lon. 12; 25 e, lat.
50 6 N.
Safrres, a ftrong town of Portugal,
in Algarva, with a harbour and a fort ;
A:ated pn a tongue of land at the sw
extremity ,of the province, 23 miles
wsw of Lagos. Lon. 9 o w, lat. 37 a n'.
Sagur, a town of Hindonftan, in the
province of Malwa, lituate near the
Bunnafs, 8^ miles nw of Gurrah, and
1 1 1 s of Agra. Lon. 78 53 E, lat. 23 45 n.
Sa/iii2"n, a town of Spain, in Leon,
with a ricn abbey ; feated in a fertile-
plain, on thft river Cea, 32 miles se of
Leon.
Safiar. See Sbahar,
Sahara. See Zahara.
Said, or Sa/tU, a province of Upper
Egypt, bordering on Nuhia and the Red
fea, acciently called Thcbaid. It is the
leaft fertile part of Bgypt, and the
thinneft of people.
. SaidtttSi town of Syriaiin Falelline»
SAL
on the coaft of the Mediterranean, the
remains of the ancient Sidon, with a
fort and a caftle. The name 6f Sidon
ftilt fubfifts in a fmall village, about
two miles from Saicja. To the w.of
the caftle is a Ihoal aoo paces long, 'and
the fpace between them is a road for
veirdd, but not fai||in bad weather.
The Ihoal, which Extends along the
town, has a baltn inclofed by a decayed
pier : this was the ancient port ; but it
H now fo choked up by fands, that
boats only can enter itn mouth, near
the caftle. Saida is a trading town,
and the chief emporium of Damafcus
and the interior country. The mann-
fa^ure of cotton is the principal em-
ploy of its inhaLitants. It is 45 milis
wsw of Damafcus. Lon. 36 <; k, lat.
ii ^i N.
Saint f St throe of the Lcevv ••d t. ,ib-
bee iflauds in the W Indifs, be en
Guadaloupe and Dominic.- T'lt ...d-
die one fcems nothing moi ti» n a large
barren rock, but contri' c. tr. form a
good harbour. Lon. 61 4;.Vv',i \i^^zs.
Saintes, a town of Fr-'nce, capital of
the dcpartmi nt of Low ha .ite, and
lately a bifliop's fee. 1 . ..e are feveral
monuments of antiquity, of which the
moft famous are the amphitheatre, the
aqueducts, and the triumplial arch on
the bridge over the Charente. The
caftle, built on a rock, is deemed im-
pregnable ; and the cathedral has one
ol the <argcft fteeples in Franc«. It is
■feated on ihe Charente, 40 miles sse of
Rochelle, and ;6 sw of Poitiers. Lon.
o 38 w, lat. 45 45 N.
Saintonge, a laie province of France,
62 miles long and 30 broad ; bounded
on the K by Angoumois and Perigord,
N by Poitou and Aunis, w by the At-
lantic, and s by Bordelois and Giron.
The river Charente crofles it in the
middle, and it is one of the moft fertile
diftiiifts in France. Its horfcs are much
efteemed ; aUb its fait, in which it has
a conliderable traffic. It now forms,
with the late province of Annis, the de-
partment of llower Charente.
Saly one of the Cape Verd iflands, 4*
miles in circumference, lying to the B
of St. Nicholas. It has its name from
the number of fait ponds that from time
to time are filled by the fea, where the
water cryftallizes into a beautiful fait,
the chief production of the ifland. Lon.
22 56 w, lat. 16 38 N.
Sala, or Salberg, a town of Sweden,
in Wcftmania, near which is a filver
mine ; feated on a river, 30 miles w of
Upfal, and 50 n w of Stockholm.
Saladot a river of S America, which
SAL
rift;i in Tucuman, about 60 milei w of
Salta, and flows sse to the Parnna at
St. Fe, in the province of Buenos Ayres.
Salamancttt a city of Spain, in Leon,
md a bifhop's fee, v^ith a famous uni-
▼erfity, conGfting of i± colleges. The
ftruAure called the Scnnols, where the
fciences are tauglH. is very large and
curious. There were formerly 7000
ftudents, when the Spaniih monarchy
-was :n a flourtihing condition; and
there are now upward of 4000, who
are all clothed like prieOs, having their
heads (haved, and wearing caps. Here
are magnificent churches, a large pub'
lie fquarc, fine fountains, and every
thing that can contribute to the beauty
and commodioufnefs of the city. The
cathedral Is one of the handfomeft in
Spain: and there are fcveral fine con-
vents, with churches belonging to them,
adorned with images, and fome with
eurious piftures. It is feated partly in
a plain, and partly on hills, and is fur-
rounded by a wall. The river Tormes,
which waibes its walls, has a bridge
over it 300 paces long, built by the
Homans. It is 85 miles s by w of
Leon, and izo ifw of Madrid. Lon. j
48 w, lat. 41 24 N.
Salamanca, a town of Mexico, in
the pr6vin«e ef Mechoacan, 40 miles
KNW of Mechoacan.
Salamanca de Bacalar, a town of
Mexico, in Jucatan, 140 miles se of
Cimpeachy. Lon. 89 58 w, lat. 17 55 n.
Salanche, a town of Savoy, which
' has a conliderable trade in horfes, cat-
tle, cheefe, w«Jollen ftuffs, iron tools,
&c. It is fituate in a mountainous
place, on the river Arve, 31 miles se of
Geneva.
Salankemen, a town of Sclavonia,
where a battle was gained by the prince
of Baden, over the Turks, in 1691.
It is feated on'the Danube, oppofite the
influx of the Teiffe, 20 miles nw of
Belgrade, and 25 se of P«;terwardein.
Salaranoy a town of Italy, in the
Milanefe, on the Lambro, five miles
wsw of Lodi, and 15 se of Milan.
Salberg. See Sola.
Salboef a town of Norway, in the
province of Drontheim, which has a
copper mine, 45 miles s« of Drontheim.
Satdanoy a town of Spain, in Leon,
on th« river Carrion, 37 miles n of Pa-
Icncia.
Saldanha Bay, a bay on the sw coaft
fif Africa, lao tniles nnw of the Cape
of Good Hope. Lon. 180 e, lat. 31 9 s»
Salecto, a town of the kingdom of
Tunis, near which are the remains of a
lai^eoaftle. It is feated near the Mc-
SAL
diterr.i'^ in, ai milea ssr. of ATonnftcr.
Lon. II J R, lat. 3< 13 N.
Salem, a to\\'n of Hindoodan, in My.
fore, now fubjedt to the Englilh ; feated
on a river that flows into the Cavery,
120 miles se of 8cring.ip,itam. Lon. 78
15 E,bt. II .17 N.
Salem, a feaport of Ma(rachufcts,ca.
pital of ElTex county. It carries on a
larjrc trade to the W Indies, has fome
fhip-biiiUllng, and the harbour is de>
fended by a fort and citadel. Here .ire
feven edifices for public worfliip, and
a bridge 1500 fctt long, which connedls
the town with Beve'ley. It is fituate
on a peninfula, formed by two fmall
inlets of the fea, called North and
South rivers, 20 miles ne of Bofton.
Lon. 70 50 w, lat. 42 30 N.
Salem, a town of New Jerfey, capital
of a county of the fame name. It has
three edifices for public worihip, and ii
feated on a branch of Salem creeic,
three miles from its month in Delaware
bay, and 37 S9^v of Philadelphia. Lon.
75 .^7 w,lat. 39 37 N.
Salem, a town of N Carolina, in
Surry county, on the w fide of Wack
creek, a branch of the Gargalis, which
flows into the Yadkin. It is the prin-
cipal fcttlement of the Moravians in
this ftate, and 70 miles w of Hillibu-
rongh. Lon. 80 ai w, lat.36 z n.
Salerno, a fortified feaport of Naples,
capital of Principato Citeriore, and an
archhiihop's fee, with a caftle, and a
univerfity. principally for medicine. It
is feated on a bay of the fame name, 27
miles sE of Naples. Lon. 14 53 e, laf.
40 35 N. '
Salers, a town of France, in the
department of Cantal, feated amonj
mountains, nine miles n of Aurillac.
Salies, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Lower Pyrenees, where
are fpriiigs from which fine fait is made.
It is f<'ven miles w of Orthes.
Sallgnac, a town of France, in the
department of Upper Vienne, 10 miles
H of Limoges.
Salinas, a town of Spain, in Bifcay,
feated on the Deva, at the foot of a
mountain, 16 miles nne of Vittoria,
and 28 sse of Bilboa.
Salini, one of the Lipari idands, in
the Mediterranean. It confifts of two
mountains joined together at the bafe,
and lies nw of the ifland of Lipari.
Salins, a town of France, in the de.
partment of Jura, with a ftrong fort,
and famous falt-works. In the neigh-
bourhood arc quarries of jafper, alabaf-
ter, and black marble. It is feated in
» fertile valley^ 29 miles s of Befangon.
SAL
Sultthury, a fertile diftria of N Ca-
rolina, comprehending the counties of
Rockingham, Guilford, Montgomery,
Stokes, Surry, Iredell, Rowan, Cabarras,
and Mecklenberg.
Salhturjft a town of N Carolina, in
Rowan county, cipital of the diftri»*l of
its name. It Aands on the nw fide of
Cane creek, five miles from its jundtion
with the Yadkin, and i lo w of Ralegh.
Lon. 80 35 w, lat. 35 38 v.
Salisbury, a town of Mafiachufcts,
in BWex county, where fome ftiip-build-
ing is carried on. It is feated at the
junflion of the Powow with the Merri.
mac, three miles nnw of Newbury
Port.
Salisbury, a town of Delaware, in
Newcaftle county, and one of the larg-
cft wheat markets in the Aate ; feated
on Duck creek, 12 miles k by w of
Dover.
Salisbury, a town of Maryland, in
Somerfet county, which has a confider-
able lumber trade. It is fitiiate between
the two principal branches of Wicomico
liver, 15 miles se of Vienna.
Salisbury, or Nnv Sarum, a city
«nd the capital of Wiltfhire, and a bi-
(hop's fee, with a market on Tuefdiy
and Saturday. It is fituate in a chalky
foil, almoft furrounded by the Avon,
Willy, Naddcr, and Bourn ; and is ren-
dered particularly clean by a fmall
ftream flowing through every ftrect. It
has a fine cathedraWhe fpire of which
is the loftieft in the kingdom. The
town-hall is a handfome building, and
(lands in a fpacious market-place. Sa-
lifbury is governed by a mayor, and has
manufaflures of flannels, linfeys, hard-
ware, and cutlery. The number of in-
habitants in 1601 was 7668- It is 3H
miles SE of Bath, and 81 w by s of
London. Lon. i 47 w, lat. 51 4 n.
Salisbury Craig, a hill in Scotland,
on the s fide of Edinburg. It is re-
markable for a great precipice of folid
rock, about one mile long, and, in fome
parts, 100 feet high ; which pafTes with
fome regularity along its brow.
Salisbury Plain, an open traft in
England, which extends from the city
of Salifbury 25 miles E to Winchefter,
and 25 w to Shaftlbnry, and is, is fome
places, from 35 to 40 miles in breadth-
There are fo many crofs roads on it,
and fo few houfes to take diredions
from, that Thomas, earl of Pembroke,
planted a tree at each mileftonc from
Salilbury to Shaftfbury, for the travel-
ler's guide. That part of it about the
city is a chalky down ; the other parts
are noted for feeding numerous and
SAL
laiye flocks of flieep. In this plain,
befide the famous Stonehenge, are traces
of many Roman and BritiO) antiquities.
SalUe, a (caport of the kingdom of
Fez, with feveral fortli. The harbour
is one of the belt in the country, but,
on account of a bar, (hips of soo tons
are forced to lighten their burden be-
fore they can enter. There are docks
to build fhips, but they are feldom
ufed, for want of fkill and materials.
It is divided into the old and new town,
by the river Guero ; and has long been
famous for its pirates. It is 100 miles
w of Fez, and 150 s of Gibraltar. Lon.
6 g\ w, lat. 34 o N.
Salm, a town of the Netherlands,
late capital of a county, in the duchy
of Luxemburg, on the borders of Liege,
with an ancient caftle on a mountain.
It is 30 miles sse of Liege, and 45 n of
Luxemburg.
Salm, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Mcurte, with a caftl^,
i'eated at the fource of the Sarre, 26
miles E of Luneville.
Salmunster, a town of Germany, in
the principality of Fulda, on the river
Kinz, 19 miles ssw of Fulda.
Saloi a town of Italy, in the Bref-
ciano, feated at the foot of a mountain,
near the lake Garda, 17 miles ne of
Brefcia. .
Sa/tf^r^na, atown of Spain,in Granada,
with a call le. It carries on a great trade
in fugar and fifh, and is feated on a
rock, near the mouth of a river of the
fame name, 1 2 miles e of Almunecar,
and 36 s of Granada.
Salon, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Mouths of the Rhone, feated
on the canal of Craponne, 23 miles wkw
of Aix.
Salona, a town of Dalmatia, feated
on a bay of the gulf of Venice. It was
formerly a confiderable feaport, and its
ruins fhow that it was 10 miles in cir-
cumference. It is feven miles n of
Spalatro.
Salone, a town of European Turkey,
in Livadia, and a bifliop's fee. The in-
habitants are Greeks and Turks, and it ■
is feated at the foot of a mountain, on
the top of which is a citadel, 10 miles
NE of Lepaato.
Salonica, the ancient Theflalonica, a
city of European Turkey, capital of
Macedonia, and an archbi/hop's fee.
It is 10 miles in circu7nfcrence,*and a
place of great trade, c.irried on princi-
pally by the Greeks and Jews, the for-
mer of which have 30 churches, and the
latter nearly as many fynagogues': the
TurlES alfo have a few mofques. The
S A !<
itihabitnntiiarr computed at 6o,ooa. It
is rurroiiiiitcd liy wallw, and dcftrndi-d on
the land fide by a citadel» and near the
hnrbour hy three forts. It wa>t taken
frvm the Venetians, by the Turks, in
14,^1. It is I'oatcd at the head of .1
iiubit gulfof the Archipcla({(), 310 miles
w of >:on(lan^inoplc. Lon. ij 5 t, lat.
40 .<^ v..
Salpe, a totvn of Naples, in Capita>
nata, fiear which arc loine fait-works.
It is fituate uii a lake, near the Tea, zj
miles s of Manfredonia, and 92 kne uf
^aples.
Sa/sn, a town and fortrofs of Fr.incts
in the department of Eaftern Pyrene«'s,
fente^l on the lake of Leucate, among
mountains, 10 miles if of Perpignan.
Sahftte, an itland of Hindooftan,
lying off the coafl of Condan, to the n
of Bombay, from which it is feparatetl
by a narrow channel- It is about 15
miles fquare, and fertile in rice, fruits,
and fugar-canes. It has fubterraneous
temples cut out of the rock, in the
manner of thofe of Elephanta. In i yy^^
the Englilh conquered it from the Al«h-
rattas ; and it has proved a valuable ac-
quifition to Bombay, which formerly
depended on foreign fupplies for its
fubfilleiice. TIa- chief town is Tanna.
Salt Lakf, a lake of New York, in
_ Onondago county, five miles long and
one broad. It is capable of producing
immenfe quMntities of fait ; one perfon,
in i79i. having boiled down .it the rate
of 50 buDiels a week. It is half a mile
s of Seneca river, to which it fends its
waters.
Saltu, a town of Tucuman, of great
refort on account of the large qtiantities
of corn, meal, wine, fait, cattle, and
other commodities, which are fent hence
to moll parts of Peru. It is 280 miles
NNw of St. Jago del Eftero. Lon. 66
30 w, lat. 24 40 s.
iSaliasht a borough in Cornwall, go-
verned by. a mayor, with a market on
Saturday, and a trade in malt. It is
feated on the lide of a fteep hill, near
' the mouth of the Tamar, fix miles nw
of Plymouth, and 320 w by s of Ljji-
don.
SiiltcMts, a feaport of Scotland, in
Ayrlhire, with a confiderable trade in
fait and coal, and alfQ in Hiip-building.
It is lituate on the frith of Clyde, five
miles w by N of Irvine, and a8 sw of
GlaTjspw. Lon. 4 45 w, lat. 55 40 k.
Soliffeett a town in Lincolnfhire,
with a market on Saturday, fituate on
a creek of the German ocean, 33 miles
' BNK of Lincoln, ud 158 m by s of Loa-
doo.
SAL
Sti/vaJar, St. one of the Bahama
iflands. Sec Guanahami
SahaJor, St. the capital of the king-
dom of Congo. It Aandt on a large
mountain, whofe fnmmit is a plain, ten
miles in circuit and well cultivated-
The city has la churches, bHidc the
cathedral, and a large palace, in which
the king ami a I\>rtn^uelc biikop refide.
It 1% :jo miles ksk ot Loaago. Lon. 14
20 K, lat. 5 40 »■
SalvttJor, St. a city of Brafil, capital
of the province of All-Saints Bay, .ind
an archbifiiop's fef , with fcveral forti.
The cathedral is large, but the moft
fuperb ftruAure in the city is the grand
church of the ex-jefuits, built of Eyro.
pean marble, and the internal part ex-
ceedingly rich. The.houfes <ire two or
three ftories high, and built of ftone.
The principal ftrects are large, but the
generality are narrow and dirty. In the
royal fquare, is the governor's houfe,
the mint, and the public offices; and
along the beach is the cuflomhoufc,
dock-yard, (lorehoufei, &c. There arc
many gardens, full of a great variety of
fruit-trees, herbs, and flowers. The
chief commodities are cotton, iugir,
tobacco, ciiffee, gums, wood, hides, tal-
low, and trainoil- Tiie inhabitants are
cftimated at upward of ioo,ooo- It is
feated on an eminence, in the bay of
All-Saints, izo miles sw of Sergippy.
Lon. 39 30 w, lat. 13 30 s.
Salvador dt Jujui, St- a city of Tu-
cuman, fituate at the foot of a high
mountain, on a river of its name, which
flows E to the Vermejo. It is 180
miles NNEvof St. Jago del Eftero, Lon.
66 20 w, lat. 24 5 s.
Salvages, fmall uninhabited iflands,
lying between the Canary iflands and
Madeira, 27 l«:agues n of Point Nago ia
Teneriff. Lon. 15 54 w, lat. 30 o n.
Salvatcrra, a town of Portugal, in
Eltremadiira, with a royal palace, feated
on the Tajo, at the influx of the Soro,
35 miles Nt of Lifl)on.
Sa/vaterra, a (trong town of Portu-
gal, in Bcira. It was taken by the
French in 1704, and by the allies in 1705.
It ftands on the frontiers of Spain, i»
miles NN w of Alcantara, and 37 R by »
of Caftel Br.inco.
Salnaticrra, a town of Spain, in Ga-
licia, feated on the Aiinho, feven miles
VX of Tny.
Sal'vatierra, a town of Spain, in
Leon, feated on the Tormes, 33 miles s
of Salamanca.
Sal'vatierra, a town of Spain, in Bit-
cay, feated at the foot of Mount St-
Adriuui iS milca ene of Vittoria-
SAL
Salmzo, a fown of i'iedmont, with
I caftle. The cuthedral it magnificent
and rich. It i« iratcd in a fruitful
country, on an eminence near the rivt-r
po, i» miles s by w of Turin.
Saha, a town of Lower Saxony, in
the diKhy of Magdeburg, famous for
its fait-works, fcated nc.ir the Elbe, n
mill's ssfc of MaKdebur>r.
Salziurg, a duchy of Germany, in
the circle of Bavaria, loo mile s long and
63 broad ; bounded on the n by Bavaria,
i. by Aullria and Stiria, s by Carinthia,
and w by Tyrol and Bavaria. It was
lHt/:ly an arclibifliopric, whofe prelatu
was a fovercign prince; and the terri-
tory was given as an indemnity to ti>e
late 'grand duVe of Tufcany, who held
it as ati elctilorate till 1805, when, by
the treaty of Prefburg, it was ceded to
Auftria as a duchy, and the eletStoral
title transferred to Wurtzburg. It is a
moHntarnoua country, but pretty fertile,
andcontams mines of cupper, litver,and
iron.
Salzburg, a fortified city of Ger-
many, capital of a duchy of the fame
name, with a ItroQg cadle on a moun-
tain, a univerfity, and two noble palaces.
The inhabitants «re eftimated at so,ooo.
The cathedral of St. Rupert is very fine,
and contains five organs. The church
of St. Peter is the otdefl in the city, and
near it ftands a Benedidtine monailery,
in which is a fine library. An amphi-
theatre hewn out of a rock, and the
ducal ftaUes on the fide of the mountain
called Moflch>>erg, are deicrving par-
ticular notice. Near Sai/burg art; fume
very productive fait- works. The French
became maders of this city in 1800, and
again in 1805. It is fituate between
three mountains, on both fides the river
Salza, 45 miles s by w of Paflau, and
■'55 w by « of Vicnaa. Lon. ij 4 e,
lit. 47 46 N.
SaI%kotc», a I \vn of Wcftphalia, in
the principality -"f Paderborn, with a
food falt-miue, fevcn miles sw of Pa-
derborn.
Salzuflettt a town of Weftphalia, in
the county of Lippe, with a falt-mine,
19 miles sw of Minden.
Sa/zungeu, a town of Upper Saxony,
in Thuringia, with acaftle called Schnep-
tcnburg, on an eminence, and fcvcral
falt-works. It is feated on the Werra,
10 miles s of Eifenach.
Salzwede/, a town of Brandenburg,
in the Old mark, with a trade in linen,
and manufa<itnres of Terge .ind ftock-
ings ; fituate on the Jctze, 36 mileb n w
of Stendal.
SAM
Snmana, an ifland of the W Indlei,
on the NK tide of that of St. Domingo,
from which it is fepafrated on the w by
a narrow channel. It is .^,3 miles long
and eight broad, and has a town and
bay of the fame name on the s coaft. It
wa-t taken by the Britifh in 1B08. Lon.
69 20 w, lat. 19 ic N.
Samandraki, or HamonJrac/ii, an if-
land of the Archi;>elago, between Stali-
meni and the coalt of Romania, and to
the N of the ide of Imbro. It is 17
ntiles in circuirr.'erence, and has a town
of the fame name with a fpacious har-
bour. Lon. 2K 17 c, l»t. 4034 N.
Sa»Mr, or 'J enday, one of the Philip-
pine iflands, sk of that of Luconia,
from which it is feparatcd by a ftrait.
It is 3:0 miles in circumference, and U
full (if craggv mountains, amdtig which
are fertile valleys.
Samara, a town of Kuflla, in the go-
vernnjcnt of Simbirlk, feated on the
Volga, 95 miles ssk of Simbirlk. Lon.
4iy 46 f., lat. 53 ao V.
Samarang, a town in the NE part of
the ifland of Java, the refidence of a
Dutch' governor. It is fortified, and
the moft confiderable fettlement next to
Batavia, in the iHand. It ftands.at the
mouth of a river of the fame name, 990
miles E "by 'S of Batavia. Lon. 1 10 38
c, lat. 6 54 s.
Samarcand, the capital of Ufbec Tar-
tary, in Bokharia, with a caftle and a
univerfity. It was the birthplace and
feat of Tamerlane the great, and is now
the refidence of a Tartar ptince. The
city falls ihoit of its ancient fplendor,
yet it is itill very largo, and fortified
with llrong bulwarks of earth. The
houfes are moitly of hardtned clay, but
fome are of ftone, from quarries in the
neighbourhood. The filk-paper.made
here is in great rcqucft, and it has a
confiderable trade in excellent fruits.
It h feated near the Sogd, i.^B miles K
by N of Bokhara. Lon. 65 15 e, lat.
39 40 **.-
Samarof, a town of Siberia, in the
government of Tobolfk, feated on the
Irtyih, 135 miles n of Tobolfk.
Saniatan, a town of France, in .the
department of Gcrs, with a caRle on a
mountain j feated on the river Savt, fix
miles N by ■£ of Lombez.
Samba, a feaport of Terra Fi( ma, in
the i^ovince of Carthagena, 30 miles
Nu ot Carthagena. Lon. 75 16 w, lat.
«o 45 N.
Samballas, a multitude of fmall unin-
habited iflands on the K Ihotc of the
iAhmus of Darieu.
SAM
Sambas, a town of Borneo, capital of
^ kingdom of the lame name, near the
w coaft. In its vicinity diamonds are
found. Lon. 109 o t, lat. a 20 n.
Samire, a rivt-r of the Netherlands,
which rifet in Picardy, flows by Lan-
drecy, Maubcuge, Thun, and Charle-
roy, and joins the Meufe, at Namur.
Sambre and Meuse, a new depart-
ment of France, including the county
of Namur, the sw part of Liege, and
the Nw part of Luxemburg. It has its
name from two rivers. The capital is
Namur.
Sami-a, a town of Afiatic Turkey,
in Irac Arabi, on the Tigris, 70 miles
N N vv of Bagdad.
Samisat, a town of AHalic Turkey,
in the faiigiacate of Marafch, on the
Euphrates, 30 miles e of Marafch.
Samogitia, a province of Poland, 175
mllrs long and 125 broad ; bounded on
the N by Courland, b by Lithuania, s
by W Pruflia, and w by the Baltic It
is full of forefts and W\^h mountains,
which feed a great number of cattle, and
produce abundance of honey. Here are
alfo very adtive*horfes, in high efteem.
The inhabiumts are clowniih, but ho-
neft ; and they will not allow a young
woman to go out in the night without
a candle in her hand, and two bells at
her girdle. Rotienne is the prii>cipal
town.
Samos, an idand of the Archipelago,
on the coaft of Natolia, and to the e of
the iflc of Nicaria. It is 30 miles long
and 20 broad, and croffed by a ridge of
hills. It abounds with partridges, wood-
cccVs; fiiipes, thrullies, woodpigeons,
turtledoves, wheatears, and excellent
poultry. There are no rabbits, but
many hares, goati, ai.d fome (lieep.
Here i»^ plenty of wheat, barley, and
millet ; nlfo abundance of melons, lin-
tels, kidneybeans, niufcadine grapes,
and white figs, four times as big ,is the
common fort, but not fo well taftcd.
The filk, honey, and wax are eftecni(>d ;
and, pitch is made from the pine trees
in the n part of the iflarid. Here are
ibme iron mines, emery ftonc is not
fcarce, and ochre is common. Moft of
the foil is of a rulty colour; and all the
mountains are of white marble. The
inhabitants are almoit nil Creeks, and
are not tyrannifed over by the Turks.
The habit of the wo . en is a veft, after
the Turkiih manner, with a red coif,
and their hair hanging down the back
in trtfles, with talfels of coarfe fitver or
block tin faftened to the ends. Samos
contains feveral villages ; and there are
SAN
fome remains of the celsbratecl temple
of Juno. The principal harbour is that
of Vati, on the n fide of the ifland.
Lon. 27 13 E, lat. 37 46 N.
Samoyedes, once a numerous and
powerful nation of Tartary. They are
now difperfed : fome of them are found
in fmall detached bodies among the
mountains to the w of Lake Baikal ;
others are fuppofcd to be within the
Chincfe frontiers ; others are fcattered
among the deferts, which extend along
the Frozen ocean ; and fome nearly as
far to tiie w as Archangel. The Samo-
yedes have a large head, a flat face,
high cheek bones, fmall eyes, a wide
mouth, a yellow complexion, ftraight
black hair, and little or no beard . They
have no longer the ufe of horfes, be-
caufe the climate of their prefent coun-
try renders their fubfiftence impoflible;
but they ftill preferve the manners of a
paftoral people, and retain the ufe of
moveable habitations, with which they
wander from place to place. They
neither have, nor appear ever to have
had, any kind of regular government.
Their traditional fongs mention only
certain heroes, who, in better times,
led their anceftors to battle. Thefc
fongs form their principal amufemcntsj
but the exploits they celebrated arc
never likely to be renewed.
Samsoe, an ifland of Denmark, on
the ■£ coaft of N Jutland, 1 2 miles long
and three broad, and very fertile. It
has a town of the fame name, and the
inhabitants carry on fome commerce,
in fmall veflels. Lon. lo 33 E, lat. j6
2 N.
Samson, St. a town of France, in the
department of Eure, on the river Rille,
five miles n of Pont Audemer.
Sanuf the capital of Arabia Felix, in
Yemen Proper, with a caftle, on a hill,
in which are two palaces. The city,
properly io called, is not very iiopn-
lous ; for gardens occupy a part of the
fp.ice within the walls, which are four
miles in circuit, and contains feven
gates. Here are a number of mofques,
fome of thein built by Turkifli pachai ;
alfo foveral palaces, twelve public baths,
and fome large caravanfaries. Fruits
are very plenteous, particularly grapes;
and the exportation of raifins is confi-
derable, one kind of which is without
ftones. The city ftands near the fource
of a river, which fJ«ws s into the Ara-
bian fea, and at the foot of Mount
Nikkum, on which is to be feen the
ruins of a caftle, faid to have been built
byShem. ItissjomilcsNNEofMocha,
•
SAN
and 490 SE of Mecca. Lon. 45 10 e,
lat. 15 Z4 N.
Sana, or Zana, a town of Peru, ca-
pital of a jurifdiftion, in the bifhopric
of Truxillo. It is lituate in a valley,
fertile in fruit and corn, and adorned
with the moft beautiful flowers, whence
it has been foinytimes called Mirafloris.
It is 90 miles n of Truxillo. Lon. 78
jo w, lat. 40 35 N.
Sanashygotta, a town of Hindooflan,
capital of a circar, in Bengal ; feated
on the Maiianada, 165 miles n of Moor-
flied.ibad. Lon. 8a 30 t, lat. 26 37 n.
Sancerre, a town of France, in the
department of Cher. The wines pro-
duced in its environs are much efteera-
ed. It is feated on a mountain, near
the river Loire, n miles nw of Nevers,
and no N of P'.ris.
Sancian, an illand of China, on the
coaft of Quan-tong, 40 miles in circum-
ference, and famous for being the b,iry-
ing place of Francis X.)vier, whofe
tumb is to be fcen on a fmall hill.
Sancoins, a town of France, in the
department of Cher, feated on the Ar-
gent, 15 miles sw of Nevers.
SanJa, one of the Orkney idands,
about 12 mile.^ in l.-nglh, but of an ir-
regular form, and feldom above a mile
in breadth. It lies n of that of Stron-
fay, from which it is feparated by a
narrow channel. Much kelp is made
here in fummer, and it feeds many
Sleep and beeves. On the Start Point
is a lighthoufe. Lon. a 15 w, lat. 59
ai N.
Sanda, a fmall idatid on the w coafl:
of Scotland, ncai- the Mull of Cantyre,
famed for having been the renelezvous
of the Daniih fleets during their expedi-
tions to the weftein coafts. On it are
the remains of a chapel, dedicated to St.
C'oJiimba.
Saiidbach, a town in Chefhire, with a
market on Thurfday. Id the market-
place are two fquare Ilon« crofles, with
emblematical figures. It is feated on
the VVelock, s6 miles e of Chcfter, and
16; SNW of London.
SauJecz, a town of Poland, in the
palatinate of Cracow, at the foot of
Mount Krapack, 32 miles se of Cracow.
Saiidhamn, a feaport of Sweden, in
the provincj; of Upland, where all vef-
fels to and from Stockholm are exa-
mined. It is 10 miles v. of Stockholm.
Saiido, an illand of Japan, 87 miles
in circumference on the n coaft of
Niphon ; with a town of the fame name.
Lon. I ^9 30 E, lat. 38 35 n.
Sandomir, a ftnmg town of Poland,
capital of a palatinate of the fame
SAN
name, with a caftle on a fteep rock, and
feveral colleges. It is feated on a hill,
on the Viftula, 75 miles e by n of Cra-
cow, and 1 1 a s by £ of Warfaw. Lon.
22 o s, lat. 50 21 N.
Sando<w«, a village in Hamplhire,
in the ifle of Wight, two miles s of
Brading. It (lands on a bay of its namCt
and has a fort eredled by Henry viii,
.which maintains a fmall garrifon.
Sandugal, a town of Poitugal, in
Beira, feated on the Coa, 12 mile's sss
of Gnarda.
Sandvliet, a town of the Netherlands,
in Brabant, on the river Scheldt, 1 2 mile*
Nw of Antwerp.
Sandwich, a town in Kent, with a
market on Wednefday and Saturday.
It is one of the ciique-ports, governed
by a mayor, and walled round j but the
walls are much decayed, and only one
of the gates is (landing. Its trade is
much decayed, the river Stour, on.
which it is feated, being fo choked up
with fand,.as to admit only fmall ve^
fels. The number of inhabitants in
180 1 was 6506. It is 13 miles e of
Canterbury, and 58 e by & of London.
Lon. I 2o E, lat. ^i 16 n.
Sandwich, a town of MalTachufetSy
in Barnllable county, (ituate at the bot-
tom of Cape Cod, 18 miles se of Ply-
mouth.
Sandwich Island, an ifland in the
Paciiic ocean, near the w coaft of New
Ireland. Lon. 149 17 e, lat. z 53 s.
Sandwich Island, one of the New
Hebrides, in the Pacific ocean. Lou.
168 o^i E, lat. 17 41 s.
Sandwich Islands, a group of iflands
in the Pacific ocean, difcovered by
Cook in 1778. They are eleven in
number, extending from 18 54 to 22
15 N lat. and from 150 54 to 160 24 w
Ion. They" are called by the natives,
Owhyhee, Mowee, Ranai, Morotoi,
Tahoorowa, Woahoo, Atooi, Neehee-
heow, Oneehoua, Morotinne, and Ta-
koora, all inhabited, except the laft two.
The climate dilFers little from that of
the W Indies in the Came latitude ; but
there are no traces of thofe violent
winds, which render the ftormy months
in the W Indies fo dreadful. There is
alfo more rain at the Sandwich ifles.
The vegetable productions are nearly
the fame as thofe of the other iflands,
in this ocean ; but the taro root is here
of a fuperior quality. The bread-fruit
trees are not in fuch abundance as in
the plains oF Otaheite, but produce
double the quantity of fruit. The fu-
gar-canes are of a very unufual lize»
fome of them meafuring eleven incUet
SAN
in circumference, anJ having f )urteen
feet eatable. There is alfo a root of a
brown colour, Ihapcd like a y.iin, and
t'roni fix to ten pounds in wciglit, t;hc
juice of which is an excellent fubftitute
forfogar. The quadrupeds are confint-d
to hogs, dogs, and rats. The fowls aie
of the common fort ; the birds beauti-
ful and numerous, though not various.
Goats, pigs, and EuropiMn feeds were
left by captain Cook ; but the polTef-
iion of the goats foon gave rife to a con..
ttft between two diflrids, in which the
breed wa« deftroyed. The inhabitants
are of the fame race with thofe of the
idands s of the equator ; and in their
pcifons, language, and manners, ap-
proach nearer to the Now Zealanders,
than to their lets diftant neighbours,
t'ither of the Society or Friendly idands.
They are, in general, above the middle
fr/e, and vyell made ; they walk grace-
fully, run nimbly, and are c.ipable of
bearing great fatigu*;. Many of both
fexes have fine open countenances ; and
the women, in particular, have good
eyes and teeth, with an engaging Avti-'t-
nefs and fenfiWlity of look. There is
one ptcnliarity, charatjleriftic of every
part of the nation, that even in the
handfomt'ft faces there is a fulnefs of the
noftril, without any flatnefs or fpread-
ing of the nofe. The men fuffer their
beards to grow, and wear their hair
after various faOiions. The dreft of
both men and women nearly refembles
thofe of New Zealand, and both fexes
■wear necklaces of fmall variegated fliclis.
Tattowing the body is pra(5tifed by
every colony of this nation. The hands
and arm« of the women are alfo very
neatly marked, and they have the An-
gular curtom of tattowing the tip of
the tongue- Tliey live together in viU
Iflges. containing from looto loohoufes,
biiilt clofely together, without any
order, and having a winding path be-
tween them, They are generally flank-
ed, toward the fea, with detached walls,
which are mi.-ant both for fhelter and
defence. Thefe walls coiilil of loofe
ftones, and the inhabitants are very
dexterous in fliifting them Aiddenly to
fuch places as the diredion of the at-
tack may require. Jri the fides of the
hills they have iifJe caves, the entrance
to which is fccured by a fence of the
fame kind thefe are places of retreat
in cafes of extremity, and may be de-
fended by a lingie perfon againfl feveral
alTail.mts. Some dfthe honfes are from
40 to JO feet long, and from so to 30
broad ; others are meie hovels. The
food pi' the lower ciafii coi^fifts princi-
,S A N
pally of fiflj and vegetables, to which
the people of higher rank add the flclh
of hogs and dogs. The making of ca-
uot's, mats. Sec. forms the ociupations
of the men; the worsen are employed
in manufaifturing cloth ; and the fer-
vants are principally engaged in the
plantations, and fidiing. They have
various amufcments, fuch ns dancing,
boxing, wreftii :ig, &c. Their planta-
tions, which are I'pread over the whole
feacoaft, Ci^nfift of the taro, or eddy-
root, and fweet potatoes, with plants of
the cloth-tree fct in rows. They make
fait in great abundance, and of a good
quality. The bottoms of their canoes
are of a fingle piece of wood, hollowed
out to the thicknefs of an inch, and
brought to a point at each end ; llu;
fides conlift of three hoards, each about
an inch thick, matly lit»ed and laflied
to the bo»toin part. Some of their
double canoes mcafnre 70 feet in length,
three and a half in depth, and ij in
breadth. 'I'hcir inftruments of war arc
fpears, daggers, clubs, and flings; and
for deft iiiive armour they wear ftrong
mats, which are not eafily penetrated
by inch we.ipons as theirs. The go-
vernment is monarchical and hcredi?
tary ; but as the iflands are not united
under one fovcreign, wars are frequent
among them. The fame fyftem of luh-
ordiu^tion prevails here as at the other
iflands; the abfoluie authority on the
part of the chiefs, and unrefilling fub-
million on the part of the people. Hu-
man facrifices arc here frequent ; not
only at the coinmencement of a war, or
fignal enterprifc, but the death of every
confiderable chief calls for a repetition
of thefe horrid rites. Notwitldlanding
the death of ca;jtain Cook, who was
here murdered through a hidden re-
fentment, they are acknowledged to be
of the mod mild and afFedion.tte dif-
pofition ; and in hofpitality to ftrangers
they are not exceeded even by the in-
habitants of the Friendly iflands. Their
natnral capacity lecm>, in no relpeiSt,
below the common ftandard of ni.in-
kind.
Sand<iv:ch Land, a defolate country
in the Sotithern ocean, to the sb of the
illand of Georgia. The mountains aie
of a vaft height, th^'ir fummits wra[i-
ped in clouds, and their bales covered
with fnow to the water's edge. It is
doubtful whether the different projed-
ii!g points form one conne(5ted latid,
or leveral diftinit iflands. Southern
Thule, the mod foiithcrn extremity of
it that was feen by Cook, in 1775, lies
in Vf 45 w lou. and 59 54 s lat> This
SAN
is the greateft s latitude of land ever yet
explored, on which account this part
received its appellation.
Sandif Ilooif a fmall ifland on the
coaft ot New Jerfey, feven miles s of
the w end of Long Idand. It was for-
merly a peninfiila, but in 1778 the fea
broke through the ifthmus, artd formed
it into an ifland. On the n point is a
lighthoufe, 100 feet high. Lon. 74 a w,
lat. 40 30 N.
Satidi/ Point, a feaport of St. Chrifto-
pher, on the nw fule of the illand, in
Fijj-tree bay, defended by a fort. ■ Lon.
63 28 w, lat. 17 ao N.
Sunen, or Gissen^, a town of Swif-
ferland, in tlie canton of Bern, with a
caftle, litu;Ue on a river of the fame
name, 20 miles sw of Thun.
San/onf, a town of the diftrift of
Maine, in York county, 15 miles n of
Berwick, and ao nnw )f Yink.
Saiigerliaiuni, a tow of Upper Sax-
ony, in Thmingia, with a caftle, 14
mik'S ESE of Stolberg.
San^ueia,a.ta\\n ofSpain,_in Navarre,
ft'ated on the Arragon, 3 a miles sk of
Pamplona.
Sankey, a village in Lancafliire, two
miles w of Warrington. It is a place
of traflic, being feated near the Merfey,
from which it has a canal to the various
works in the vicinity of St. Helens.
A'awort', a country of Hindooltan, 120
miles lung and 70 broad, lying to the s
of Vifiapour and n of My fore, it was
fubjed to the recent of Myfore, but
ceded to the Malirattas in 1792-
Sanore, a town and fortiefs of Hin-
dooltan, capital of the country of the
lame name. It is feated on the left
bank of the Toom, i.^ miles before its
jundion with the Nigouilen to form
the Tungebadra. On the oppofite bank
ia another town called Sanore Banca-
pour. It is 103 miles n by w of Chit-
teUhoog, and 130 s by E of Vifiapour.
Lon. 75 r,o E, l;it. 15, 39 V.
S\i>i/ioo. See iiurrampooter, and
Teesta,
>>a)iqii/iar, a bonnigh of Scotland, in
Dumfrieslhire, with a ruined caftle. It
has a trade in coal, and a mannfadure
of carpets and ftockings. The admir-
able Crichton was a native of this place.
It IS feated on the Nith, 27 miles NW
of Dnmfries, anJ 53 sw of Ldinburg.
Santa. See Parilta.
Saiitae/Za, a town of Spain, in Anda-
lufi.i, 24 miles s of Cordov.i.
Santaiidtr, a ftrong feaport of Spain,
in Anurias, and a bilhop's fee. The
harbour is good, and large enough to
contain a namLTCus fleet, defcnd^-d by
SAN
two caftles, and a mole that advances
into the fea. It is 1 1 miles nk of San-
tillana. Lon. 3 47 vf , lat. 43 zj m.
Santaren, a town of Portugal) in ££•
tremadura, with a citadel on a moun-
tain; feated on the river Tajo, in a
country fertile in wheat, wine, and oil,
55 miles NE of Lifbon. Lon. 8 zj >v,
lat- 39 18 N.
Sautee, a river of S Carolina, the
I'^rgeft and longed in that ftat^ It
enters the ocean by two mouths, a lit-
tle s of Georgetown. About lao miles
from its mouth, it branches into the
Congareeand Wateree ; the latter, which
is the N branch, paflcs the Catabaw
Indians, and hears the name of Cata-
baw river, from this fcttlemcnt to its
fource.
Santen, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Rocr, latt'ly of Germany,
in the durhy of Cleve ; feated on the
Rhine, 1.5 miles se of Cleve.
Saiitiattej, a town of Spain, in Aftu-
rias, 17 miles ssw of Oviedo.
ISantillaiia, a town of Spain, capital
of Afturias de Santillana; feated in a
fruitful valley, near the bay of Bifcay,
96 miles E of Ovic^o, and 200 n of
Madrid. L(»n. 3 58 w, lat. 43 33 n.
Siintorin, the ancient Thera, an ifland
of the Archipelago, to the s of Nio. It
is in the form of a crefcent, lO miles
fr.im N to s, and from one to four in
breadth. Between its two points, to
complete the circle, are the fmall iflands
of Tlurralia and Afpronili ; and within
thefe are three oi'ier iflands, between
which and Santorin is a road for fliips ;
but it affords no anchorage, on account
of its depth in fome places, and rocky
bottom in others. All thefe iflands are
of volcanic origin, but the three in-
terior ones are evidently of much later
date. Santori, in proportion to its ex-
tent, is the ricliell and molt populous
ifland of the Archipelago. There are
two bifliops ; the one Latin, whofe fee
is Scauro, and the other Greek, whofe
refidence is at Pirgoa, near the middle
of the ifland. The foil ia* very dry, and
far from fertile; but it produces plenty
of barley, cotton, and wine, in which,
and the cotton manufactures, its trade
conlifts. Fruit is fcarce, except figs,
and it has only ciftern water. The in-
habitaiit.s are almoft all Greeks, about
12,000 in number, and though fubjcft
to the Turks, they choofc their own
magiftrates. Scauro is the capital.
Santos, a feaport of Brafil, in the
provmce of St. Vincent, in a bay of its
name. It is fitu.ite cm an ifland, called
Amiax, on the w lidc of the entrance
lt»,^.»(|P-..
S A R
into the bay. and defended by a rampart
and two caftles. The town of St. Vin-
cent (lands un the (ame iflnnd, which is
1 8 miles in circuit. Saiitou is (o miles
from the fea, ami 190 iw of St. Sebaf-
tian. Lon. 4$ 30 w. Int. 24 J5 s.
Stione, Upper, a '.iepiirtmoiit of France,
including part of \.\w. late province of
Franchi* Comtc It is named from a
rivtn which rifes in Mont Voiges,
flows s through this department, Cote
d'Or, and Saonc and Loire, and joins
tlu? Rhone, at Lyon. Tiie capital is
Vcfoul. ,
Saone and Loire, a department of
France, including part of the late pro-
vince of Burgundy. It is named from
two rivers, which flow through it in
different dirc«ilions. Macon is the ca-
pital.
Saorglo, a town in the county of
Nice, fituate on the top of a rock,
which is nearly indofed by the Uoia
and thi'Bcndola. On tlie oppolite iide
of the Roia is a fliarp rock, completely
infulated, with an ancient foiwels on
the fummit ; and near the town is a
ftrong fort. Saorgio was taken by the
French in 1794. It is 17 miles ne of
*>ice,
Sapi^nza, three fmall iflands, and a
cape, in the Mediterranean, near the s
coaft of the Morea. The largeft idar-d
was foi"merly tailed Sphadteria, and is
famous in ancient hiftorv ^ov a victory
obtained by the Atheniiiw^ over Ihe
Lacedemonians. Lon. ai ^5 <^.hl. ^,,^
50 N.
Saracens, a people celebritC'-i lomc
centuries ago, who came from ilnj ue-
ferts of Ar.nbia : Sarra in their language
fignifyiiig a dcfert. They were the firft
difciples of Mahomet, and, within 40
years after his death, conquered a great
part of Afia, Africa, and Europe. They
kept pofleflion of Spain till 1.511, when
they were expelled. They maintained
a war in the Holy Land, a long time,
againft the W'eftern Chriftians, and at
length drove them out of it. There are
now no peopJe known by this name,
for the defcendants of thofe who con-
quered Spain arc called Moors.
SaragoiSii, a city of Spain, capital of
.ilvragon, and an archbifliop's lee, with
a univerfity, and a rourt of inquifition.
It is laid to have jeen built by the
Phen' jlins ; an J the Romans fent a co-
> my i.iiher in the reijjn of '^ngnft'is,
whence it haa the namc^of Casfarca
Anguft,!, which hy corruption has been
L'u /igru into Saragoila. Here are many
r agniftcenibuihliugs, 17 large churches,
' id 14 handfomc conn-nts, befide
S A R
others lefit confidcraljle. The Ebro
runs through the city, dividing it into
two parts ; and on its banks is a hand-
fome quay, which ferves for a public
walk. The Holy-ilrect is the largeft,
and fo broad it may be taken for a
fquare ; and here they had their bull-
fights. The cathedral is a fpacious
Gothic building ; but the finell church
is that of Nueltra Senora del Pilar, and
a place of the greatelt devotion in Spain.
They tell us, that the Virgin, while yet
living, appeared to St. James, who was
preaching the gofpel, and left him her
image, with a handfoifle pillar of jafper.
'i'his image (tands on a marble pillar,
with a little Jefus in her arms ornament-
ed with a profufion of go! ' and jewels,
and illuminated by a nniltitude of
lamps and wax lights. The townhoufc
is a fumptuous (Irucflure; and in the
hall ire the pidlures o? all the king> of
Arragon. Saragofla has no manufac-
tures, and but little tr.^dr It is feated
in a large plain Cwh<:re t!"". Ebro re-
ceives two other rivers) v. ! ' jch produces
all kinds of fruit u. grcac 'hiadance. A
vi(Jtory was obtained 'icic over the
French and SpaniHirt! in 1710, but it
vab .-ibandoned by tii billies foon after.
It is '50 mil;'" w b of Barcelona,
and iMo NE of '^ driii. '".on. ■■> 48 w,
l«t. 41 45 ^J.
SuraLf, .1 i.'iovernmf nt of RuiTia, for-
merly a -province of Allracan. It is di-
vided into iz didridts, of which that
of the fame name is the principal.
.Saratof, a fortified iown of Ruflia,
.apital of the government of that name.
It is feated on the fide o*^ a mountain,
near the river Volga, aao miles s of
Kaian, and 300 mw' of Aftracan. Lou.
49 a/; K, hit. 52 4 N.
Saratoga, a town and fort of Ne\f
York, in a county of the lane name.
It is memorable for the fniTender of an
army of Britifh and Heflians, under the
command of genenil B.Tgoyne, to the
Americans, in 1777. It Itandson the e
fide of Hndfon river, 50 miles N of
Albany.
Sarbnuk, a town of France, in the
department of Sarre, lately of Ger-
many, and the capital of a county of
its name, belonging to the prince of
N;iflau-Sai bruck. Here is a handfomc
modern pa' ice, and a magnificent
Lutheran church. It ftands on the w
fide of the Sarre, 14 miles w of Deux
Fonts. Lon. 7 5 e, lat. 49 16 n.
Sarbitrg, a town of France, in the
department of Sarre, litely of Germa-
ny, in the tledorate of Treves ; feated
on the Sarre, 10 miles s by w of Treves.
S A R
Harburg, a town of FrancCi in the
depai'tinKnt of Meurte, f«ated on the
Sane, a.t the foot of a mountain, 40
miles E by N of Nancy.
Sardamt a town of N Holland, when;
there are vaft magazines of timber for
Hiips and naval (lores, and a great
number of fliipwrightit. Peter the great
relided here fome time, in private, and
woi'iced as a ihipwri^ht. Sardam is
featL'd on the Wye, feven miles nw of
Amftordam.
Sardinia^ an ifland in the Medifcr-
iv.nean, 140 miles from n to s, and 70
from E to w. It is fcparatcd from Cor-
fica, on the n, by the ftralt of Bonifa-
cio, and has 44 finall idai^ds belonging
to it. This ifle has been negledtoil by
the government ; for, excluiive of the
mountains, the chief part of the country
may be regarded as wafte, but where
cultivated it is fertile in corn, wine,
oranges, citrons, and olives. Here are
mines of lit vor, lead, rul[)hur, and alum ;
and quantities of choefe and fait are
made. The frequent waftes abound
with wild ducks ; but the cattle and
Ihee? are not numerous, and the mo-
rifles yield pernicious exhalations. On
the coalt is a fifhery for anchovies and
coral. The little idands abound in
game ; and in that of Afnaria are a
great number of turtles. This idand
has undergone various revolutions : in
1708 it was taken from the Spaniards
by the Englilh, and allotted to the em-
peror of Germany at the peace of
Utrecht. The Spaniards recovered it
ii' 1717, but were obliged to abandon it
two years after; and, in 1720, it was
coded to the duke of Savoy, ks an equi-
valent for Sicily. It was then eretited
into a kingdom ; but his Sardinian ma-
jefty continued to keep his court at
Turin, till expelled from his Piedmon-
tefe territories, by the French, in 1796.
This ifland, being now the fole remnant
of the polfeffions formerly annexed to
the Sardinian crown, will no doubt be
benefited by the prefence qf its fo-
vereign. The aimual revenue, at pre-
f;.'nt, is only about 44,0001. and the
numtier of inhabitants not more than
450,000. Cagliari is the capital.
Surecto, a town of N Carolina, chief
of Duplin county, feated on the ne
br,ineh of Cape Fear river, 80 miles n
of Wilmington.
lSarji;ans, a town of Swiflerland, ca-
pital of a bailiwic of the fame name,
witli a cattle on a rock. There are
mineral fprings near the town. It
ftands on the fummit of a hill, near the
S A R
Rhine, 14 miles n of Coire, and 47 ss of
Zurich.
Sar,^el, a feaport of Algiers, in the
province of Mafcara, with a cartlc ;
feated on the feacoaft, 25 miles ssw of
Algiers. Lon. a 15 b, kit. 36 30 n,
Sarguemine, a town of France, in the
department of iNiofulle, feated on tha
Sarre, nine miles s by e of Sarbruck.
Sari, a town of Perfia, in Maxande-
ran, lituate in a country abounding in
rice, oranges, cotton, fugar, and filk, 45
miles sw of Ferabad.
Sark, a fmall idand in the Englilh
channel, near the coaft of France, and
about two leagues e from the idand of
Guernfey, on whicli it is dependant.
Sark, a river of Scotland, which
rifesin thecentral partofD rrifrieslhire»
and flows 3 into SoKvay Frith. Its mouth
fv)rms a good harbour, at the village of
Sarkfoot, eight miles k by s of Annan.
Sarlati a town of France, in the de-
partment of Dordogne, and lately a
bidiop*s fee. It is teated in a bottom,
farroundcd by mountains, zj miles SB
of I\'rigueux.
Sariouis, a flrong town of France, in
the d(;partment of Mofelle, feated on
the iiHimus of a peninfnla formed by
the river Sane, 3a miles ne of Metz.
Lon. 6 4B.K, lat 49 ji N.
Sarnen, a town of Swiflerland, ca-
pital of the canton of Underwalden,
near a lake to which it gives na-i-^. It
had formerly a ftrongcaftle, which 'yas
deftroyed by the peafants in I308. It
is nine miles s of Lucern. Lon. 3 14 e,
lat. 46 jj N.
Sanio, a town of Naples, ' Vinci-
pato Citeriore, feated on ti iarmo,
near its fource, is miles n of Sa-
lerno, and ao ksk of Naples
Siiros, a ftrong caftle of F igary, in
a county of the fame name leated o«
the Tariza, nt the foot of Mount Kra?
pach, five miles nnw of ' tries.
Sarf>, or Sarpen, a tow cf Norway,
in the province of t^hriftianfand. Near
it is a great cataradt, the nolle of which
may be heard at the diftance of io
miles. It is 10 miles Wbw of Fredc-
rickltadt.
Sarre, a new department of France,
including part of the late electorate of
Treves and d'uchy of Dc '■- Ponts^
It has its name from a rive* which
riles near Salm, in the department
of Meurte, dows n by Sarbruck and
Sarburg, and joins the Mofelle, a little
above Treves. The capital is 'I'r'evcs.
Sarreal, a town of Spain, in Catalonia,
near which are quarries pf alalwftcr, fo
S A S
tranfparcnt that it is ufed for windows.
It is feated on the Franculi, 1 1 miles n
of Tarragona.
Sananot a town of the (late of Genoa,
with a fortrefs; and near it is a fort in
the mountains ceiled Sarfanello. It
ftands on the river Magru, five miles
from its mouth, and 45 ese of Genoa.
Lun. 9 58 K, iat. 44 9 N.
Sarsinut a town of Italy, in Romagni,
on the river Savio, si miles wsw of
Rimini.
Sort, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in
Natolia. It was the ancient Sardis, ca-
pital of Lydia ; and under the Romans
was a large city, but almoft dellroyed
by an earthquake in the reign of Tibe-
rius. Here are many remnants of niaf-
iivebuildjngs, a molqne, which was fc>r-
nierly a Chriftian church, and a lai;.re
caravanfary. The inhabitants are chiedy
fhephcrds, who feed their flocks in the
•adjacent plains. It is 35 miles ene of
Smyrna.
Sarte, .1 department of France, in-
cluding part of the late province of
Maine. It takes its nann' from a river,
which flows by Mans to Angers, whtrc
it joins the Mayennw. The capital is
Mans.
Sarvary a town and fortrefs of , ',in-
garv . at the conflux of the Guntz with
the' Raab, 40 miles sst of Prefburg.
Sarum, Old, a borough in Wiltlhire,
which is now reduced to a fmgle houfe.
It once covered the fummit of a fteep
hill, and was f.onply fortified; but
nothini^: is to bt; Tei-u ex"epi the ruins
and trace J ot th»^ walls. Tt is two miles
N of New Sarum, or Salisbury.
Sarnuerdoi, a town of France, in the
department of Mofelle, feated on th«'
Sarre, 7 ^ miles WNWof Haguenau, and
45 EWE of Nancy.
Sas u'nn lHu-ytt, a town and fortrefs
<^f the Netherlands, in Flanders, fituati:
on the cinal from Ghent t<-. the nver
Scheldt, and fortified with lluices, by
means of which the country can be laid
undtT water. It was built by the in-
habitants of Ghent, as a bulw.trk to
that city, but was taken, in 1664, bv
the Dutch, from whom the Fn.icli took
it in 1747, and again in i;94. It is 10
miles K of Ghent.
Saseram, a town of Hindooftan, in
Bahar, feate<l at the foot of;i mountain,
near a lake, 64 miles se of Uenares, and
88 sw of Patn.i.
Saisiiri, a city of Sardinia, and an
archbifhop's fee, with a caftle and a
univerfity. Here is a fountain called
Rofi'cl, fiidto J!, more HU|;aificentthau
S A V
the beft at Rome. In the neighbour-
hood are mines of gold and filver,
whence the* city is fometimes called
I.>ogudori. It is feated on the rivtr
Torres, feven miles from the fea, and
64 N of Oriftagni. Lun. 8 45 n, lut.
40 48 N.
Sasiuotot a town of Italy, in the Mo-
dcnefe, with a caftle, feated on the
Seccia, 10 miles sw of Modena. ^
Satalia, or Antalia, a llroiig feapc;:
of Afiatic Turkey, in Carama^id.
It is divided into three towns, and
has a fuperb mofque, which was for-
merly a church. The country around
is very fertile ; and the citrons and
oranges are extremely fine. The chiet
trade is in wool, cotton, goats hair,
agaric, tragacaiif'a, opium, and Itrs
wax. It is feali^d on a gulf of tin*
Mediterranean, to which it gives name,
150 miles sw of Cogni. l>on. .u xi e,
Iat. 37 1 V.
Sat,^ong^ or Satagonj;, a village of
Ilindoollan, in Bengal, fuatt'd on a
creek of lloogly river, four miles NW of
Hoogly. In the 16th century it was a
city, in which the European tradcis in
Bengal had their fiidtories.
iSatininutralftm, a town of Hindoo-
flan, in the province of Coimbetore,
with a large ftone fort, and a confider-
able temple. It has manufadhnes of
i.v)tton cloths, and a great trade to
Seringapatam. It is feated near the
Mhawani, .^o miles w of Bhawanikudal,
and :<; sse of Seringapatam.
Sotrtauo, a town of Naples, in Ca-
'abria Ulteriore, felled near the fw,
eight miles s of Squillace.
Sattamh, a town and fort of Hin-
dooftan, in the province of Vifiapoiir,
formerly the capital of the Malirattu
Itate. It is fituate near the fource of
the Kittnah, 50 miles s of Hoonah, and
77 w of Vifiapour. Lou. 74 8 k, Ut.
17 4.> ^'•
Satteai^tta, a town of Hindooftan,
in the province of Coimbetore, with a
fort of conliderable fize. It (lands near
the Cavery, which three miles below
forms an ifland nine miles in length,
t\'ith noble cataracts on each fide. Sat-
teagala is ,^6 miles se of Seringapatam
SavOi a town of Perfia, in Irak, hir-
rounded by walls of earth, 'i'he on-
virojis produce exquifite fruit, par-
ticularly pomegranates and .ilmonds,
.and fuch a quantity of rice and cotton,
that the inhabitants hav«; a confiderabli'
trade in thefe articles. It is 60 nii'e? i
of Calbin, and 1 10 e of Amadan. Juon
52 15 E,lat. 34 JO N.
I, on. 169 30 w,
of the
a part
United
of the
S A V
Savnjfe Isle, an idand in the Pacific
ocean, about 35 miles incinumference,
difcovored by Cook in 1774. It ro-
teivcd this name from the rude and
inhofpitablc behaviour of the iuhabit-
snts who were flout wcll-matk meui^
naked except round the waifts ; fome
of them had their face, bread, .ind
thighs paintedv It »s of a round form,
and appeared to be wholly covertd
with trteR, fliruhs, &c.
lat. 19 2 s.
Savanna, a river
States, which forms
ilivifional line that feparates Gt;orgia
from S Caroh'na. It is navigable for
boats of 100 feet keel from Aupufta to
Savanna, and thence for large vefllls to
its entrance into the Atlantic ocean, at
Tybe inand, on which is a lighthoufe,
in Ion. «o 40 w, lat. 31 57 n.
Savanna, a towu of the ftate of
Georgia, chief of Chatham ounty, and
formerly the capital of the ftate. More
than two thirds of the town was de-
llroyed by fire in 171J6. It is regularly
built in the form of a parallelogram,
and featcd on a high fandy bluff, on
the s tide of a rirer of the lame name,
J 7 miles from its mouth, and 100 se of
Louifville. Lon. 80 57 w, lat. 31 57 n.
Savatopoli. See Stbastopoits.
Saucedut a towu of Mexico, in New
Bifcay, on a river of the fame name,
which joins tie Naffiis to form the I'al-
mas. It is 100 miles nnw of Durango.
Lon. loj 36 w, lat. 25 18 n.
Save, a river, which has its fourcf in
Germany, on the nw confines of Car-
niola, runs v. through that country,
feparates Sclavonia from Croatia, B(»f-
nia, and Servia, and joins the Danube,
Bear Belgrade.
Sa'Vi^uay, a t<;wn of France, in the
department of Lower Loire, 18 miles
NW of Nantes, and 32 w of Ancenis.
Savendroofr, .1 Itrong fortrel'o of
Ilintlooftan, in Myfore. it is lituate on
the top of a vaft rock, rifing half a mile
in perpendicular height, ;rom a hafe of
above eight miles in circr.mfcrence, :\v.'[
(lirided at the fummit by a chjlai, li ,t
forms it into two hills : thole iMVing
tach iu particular d<.lVnce-s, llr.e as
two citadfl.'', capable of being n aiu-
tained, iiidrpendf-ntly of the lower
works, nliich are alfo wonderl'iilly
flrong. Notwitldhmdiiig this, it was
taken by the Englilh, in 1791. after a
'i»Ke of fcven days. It is 35 miUs .M;
"t Scnngapitarii.
Saverdun, a town of France, in the
department of Arriege, feated on the
Arriege, 25 miles ssK of Touloufc
S A V
Savertie, a town of France, in tb«?
department of Low«r' Rhine, I'eated at
the foot of Mount Vofgcs, in a country
which produces plenty of wine, 18
miles WNw of Stralburg.
Savlgliaiio, a town of Piedmont, with
a rich Hcnediilinc abbey ; feated in a
fertile plain, <;a the liver Maira, 30
miles s of Turin.
Sau/^efi, or Saulgav, a town of Suabia,
five mdes sw of Buchau.
Saiilk'u, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Cote d'Or. Here was an-
eiently a college of the Druids ; and in
a wood, where they performed, their
facrifices, the ruins of a drnidical tem-
ple are (till vifible. It is feated on an
eminepce, 38 miles w of Dijon, and 46
SE of Auxcrre.
Saumur, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Mayenne and Loire, with
an ancitnt caftle. Here is a famong
bridge over the Loire, confifting of iz
ellipi 'c arches, each Co feet in diameter.
It iti 27 miles sk of Angers, and i*
wsvv )f Tours.
Savolax, a province of Sweden, in
Finland, aco miles I". ■ .^id 100 broad,
bordering on Ruflia ;• confifts moftly
of woods, lakes, rivias, and mora/Tes,
and abounds in elks and raindeers. The
inhabitants are thinly difperfed, and
fiibfill by cultivatingbiick-wlieat, breed-
ing cattle, huntiiijr, filhing, and making
wooden-ware. Knopia is tln^ capital.
Savoiia, a ft^rong town of the ter-
ritory of Genoa, withacitadelon a rock,
and feveral fine churches. The Ge-
noefe, fearing that it would hurt their
trade, ruined the harbour, and rendered
it unfit for large yeflels. It was taken
by the king of .Sardinia in 1746, re-
flored in 1748, taken by the French io
179:, and by them funendercd to the
Audrians in iSco, through famine. It
is feated on the Mediterranean, 24 mil»*s
Lon. 8 20 E, lat 44
^^ sw of Genoa
18 N
■'>a-vo?iier.! , a town of France, in the
department of Indre and Loire, near
vvhicli are caverns famous for their
petrifications, it is eight miles sw ot
To'ars.
Sicvoi/, a diichy of Europe, between
France and Italy, 83 miles long and 67
broatl ; boundc d on the n by the lake
of Geneva, which feparates it from
SwilJcrland, k by the Alps, which di-
vidts it from Vallais and Piedmont, s
by the litter and France, and « by
France. 'I'lie air is cold on account of
high mountains, which are almolt al-
ways covered with fnow; but the val-
leys arc fertile in corn and wine, and
S AX
many of the mountains abound vihh
paftures that feed a vad luimber of rat>
tit. The lakes are full of fifli, and the
princlpid rivers arc the Ifere, Arc, and
Arve. The Savoyards, from the natun;
of their country, are generally very
poor ; and great numbers of them feek
a livelihood in France, ICngland, and
other countries in quality of ftiowmen,
4kc. The French fuhdued this country
in 1792, and made it a department of
France, by the name of Mont Bl.inc.
They were driven out of it by the Auf-
triansand KufTians in 1799, ^"^ regain-
ed poflVflion the following year. Cham-
berry is the capital.
Sauruttgpotir, a town of Hindooftan,
in the province of Mai wa, 4 z miles nn e
of Indore, and ^3 ne of Ongein.
Sauvet a town of France, in the de-
partment of Card, leated on the Vi-
doure, i z miles sw of Alais.
Sauvetfrre, a town of France, in the
department of Lower Pyrenees, with
an old ruined caftic, 10 miles wnw of
Pau.
Sauveterre, a town of Franco, iii the
department of Aveiron, i^ miles sw of
Rodez.
Sattvfterre, a town of France, in the
<lepartment of Girondc, 26 miles se of
Bourdeaux.
SavUi r.n ifland in the Indian ocean,
to which the Dutch have a kind of ex-
clufive trade, having entered into an
agreement with the rajahs that their
fubjecfts fliall trade with no other ftu'ps.
It is a6 miles in length, and very fertile.
Lon. IJ2 30 v., lat. 10 ,15 s.
Sax, a town of Spain, in Mnrcia,
rear which is an ancient citadel on the
fumniit of a rock. It is fented on the
Eldn, on the bordt-rs of Valencia, 25
miles WNW of Alicaiit, and 42 nne of
Murcia.
Sax, a town and balllwlc of Swifl'cr-
land, in the canton of Zurich, with a
caftle, 14 miles s of Rheimrk.
Saxenburg, a town of Germany, in
Cariiithia, near wiiich art three forts
afd a ftronp pafs. Ii is lituate on the
Drave, 38 miles w of Clagenfiirt. Lon.
13 IS t, hit. 46 44 N.
Saxmundham, a tcnvn in Suffolk,
with a market on ThnrtUay, feaied on
a hill, 20 miles ne of Ipfwich and {fg of
London.
Saxony, Vppi'r, a circle of Germany;
bonn(*pd on the r. by PrnfTia, Poland,
and Lufatia, s by Bohemia and Fran-
conia, w by the circles of Upper Rhine
and Lower Saxony, and v by the latter
and the Baltic. It nmprchcnds the
duchy of Saxony, 01 Saxony Proper,
S C A
the margravate of Mifnia, the land-
gravate of Thurineia, the principalFties
of Brandenburg, Merfeburg, Naubiirg,
Anhalt, Cdburg, and Qnerfiirt, the
counties of Barby, MansfeT', Schwartz,
burg, Stolherg, and Hohenftein, and the
duchy of Pomerania.
Saxony, Lower, a circle of Germany;
bounded on the e by Upper Saxony, s
by the fame and the circle of Upper
Rhine, w by Weltphalin and the Gcr.
man ocean, and N by Jutland and the
Baltic. It comprehends the duchies of
Magdeburg, Bremen, Brunfwick, Lune-
burg, Holftein, Lauenbtirg, and Meek-
lenburg, the principalities of Halber-
ftadt, Ratzeburg, Hildeflieim, and Lu-
bee, and the cities of Hamburg, Bie.
men, Gollar, Mulhaufen, and Nord-
haufen.
Saxotiy Proper, or the duchy of
Saxony, in the circle of Upper Saxony,
is ys miles long and 62 broad ; bounded
on the N by Brandenburg, e by Lufatia,
s by Mifnia, and w by the principality
of Anhalt. It is a very fertile and trad-
ing country, abounding in mines ; and
is cut into two untquai parts by the
river Elbe. Wittenberg is the capital
This duchy is only a fmall part of tl;»
dominions belonging to the duke of
Saxony ; he has alfo Lufatia, Mifnia,
the .greateft part of Thuringia, part
of Voigtiand and part of the countiw
of Mansfeld and Henneberg ; befide
other celTions from Pruflia, both in
Germany and Poland, by the late treaty
of Tilfit. The capital of his German
dominions is Drtfden.
Sat/brbok, a town of Conncdlicut, in
Middlcfex coimty, with a fort. It is
the mofl ancient town in the ftate, and
lituate tiear the mouth of ■Conne(Jticiit
rivtr, i8 miles w by s of New London.
Lon. 72 15 w, lat. 41 20 n.
Sat/cork, one of the iflands of Japan,
divided from Niphon by a narrow chan-
nel. The Dutch fadors are permitted
to refide in the little illand of Difnia,
which is on the w (\de v)f this. Loa.
132 28 E, lat. 34 o N.
Sayn', a town and caftle of Germany,
in the Wefterwald, which gi\\ 9 name
to a fmall county. It is fitiiate on the
river Sayn, ne.ir its junction with the
Rhine, fix miles N of Coblentz, and 50
Nw of Frankfort.
Sat/pan, one of the Ladrone idands,
the pleafanteft and mofl: fertile of them
all. It is 40 miles in circuit, and on the
w fide is a fafe port called Cantanhitda.
Lon. 146 10 E, lat. 15 22 N.
Scagen, a town of Denmark, in i*
Jutknd, on a promontory of the hex
S C A
namr, at the entrance of the pafTage
from the scean into the Categat. Lon.
10 o R, lat. 57 38 K.
Scalanova, a feaport of Afiatic Tur-
key, in Natolia, with a cafl'e. The
trade conlifts chicRy in wine, raifinv,
corn, and leather. It is 40 mii(*8 sse
of Smyrna- 1 on
. 27 31 fe, lat. 3754 N.
of Naples, ill Calabria
ScaUa, a town
Citeriore, formerly alarpi'city.but now
greatly decayed. It is rcatcti on the w
coaft, 25 miles sk of PulicaAro. Lon.
1} 54 K, lat. 40 o N.
ScalitZf a town of Upper Hungary,
in the county of Pofon, ioatt-d on the
March, 50 miles n ofPrelburg. Lon.
17 17 E, lat. 49 4 N.
Scanderoon. See Alexandrctta-
Scania. See Schonen.
Scarborough, a feaport and borough
in N Yorklhire, with a market on
Thmfday. It is feated on a high rock,
which has fuch craggy fides that it is
almoft inacceflible. un the top of this
rock is a large green plain, with a little
well of frcfli water, and the remains of
a caftle, built by Henry 11. This town
is greatly frequented on account of its
mineral waters, and alfo for fca-bathing;
on which account it is much improrcd
in the number and beauty of its build-
ings. The harbour is one of the heft
in the kingdom, with a commodious
quay, feveral fliip-yards, and a ftrong
battery. Scarborough has a confider-
able trade, and is much engaged in the
filheries. It is 36 miles nk of York,
and 214 N of London. Lon. o 10 vv,
lat. 54 18 N.
Scarborough, a town and fort on the
IE fide of the ifland of Tobago. It
was taken from the French by (torm,
by theEngliih,in 1793. Lon. 60 30 w,
lat. 1 1 6 N.
Scardona, a town of F.in-opeaii Tur-
key, in Dalmatia, and a Greek billiop's
fee The V 'netians ruined the forti-
fications, and its principal buil«lings, in
1537 ; but the Turks have fince put it
in a Hate tf detV\iie- U is IVated on
the Che\c,\, 35 uuies n\v of Spalatrt).
l.on. 17 I E, Int. 44 29 a.
Scarlino, a town of Tufcany, with a
caftle, feated on the feacoafl, five miles
s of MafTa.
Scarfianto, an illand in the Mediter
ranean, 18 miles long and fix bniad,
lying bw of Rhodes. It is mountainous
and rocky, abounds in cattle and g.ime,
and has quarric* of marble The Turks
are mafters of it, but the inhabitants are
Greeks. The principal town on the w
coaft has a good har^ur. Lon. 27 40
Mat. 35 45 N.
S C H
Searftt » river of France, which rifet^
near Aubigny, in the department of Pas
de Calais, pafl'es by Arras, Douay, and
St. Amand, and enters the Scheldt, at
Mortagne.
Scarperi/i, a town of Tufcany, ct«
lebrated for its fteel manufatfturei, 13
miles N of Florence.
Scaur 0, the capital of the ifland of
Saiiiorin, and the fee of a Latin bifhop.
It ilands on a lofty volcanic rock, which
prqjedls into the roadftead, on the w
coafl of the idand. Lon. 25 26 e, \^U
36 28 N.
Schctjhausen, a canton of Swifferland,
1$ miles long and 10 broad; bounded
on the w and n by Suabia, e by the
canton of Zurich and the bifhopric of
Conftance, and s by the fame and
Thurgau. The reformation wds in-
trsdueed here in 1529, and the religion
is Calvinifm. The principal article of
trade is wine, the country abounding in
vineyards ; and at the canton affords
but little corn, it is procured from Sua-
bia in exchange fot wine.
Schnfhausen, a town of SwifTerland,
capital of a canton of the fame name.
It is ftated on the Rhine, and owes its
origin to the interruption of the navi-
gation of that river by the cataradl at
Lauffen ; huts being at firft conltrndted
for the convenieney of unloading the
merehnndife from the boats, by degrees
increafed to a large town. Though a
frontier town, it lias no garrilon, and
the fortifications arc weak, tt had a
famous wooden bridge over the Rhine,
which is here near 400 feet wide ; it
was a kind of hanging bridge ; for the
road did not pafs over the arch, but was
lufpended from it, and almoR level.
1 his cm ions bridge was burnt by the
French, when they evacuated the town,
after being defeated by the Aultrians,
in 1799. Schafhaul'en is 22 miles n by
r. of Zurich, and 39 e of Balel. Lon.
3 41 i:,lat. 47 39 N.
Schalliolt, a town of Iceland, and a
biihop's fee, with a college. Lon. 22 2a
w, lat. 64 40 N. *
Sfha>nac/iie, a town of Perfia, capital
of Schirvan. It was foimerly very
large, but is now decayed, above 6000
houfes having been thrown down by, an
earthquake. It has maiiufadtures of
fiiksand cottons, and is fiipplied with
moft Ruffian commodities. It ftauds
in a valley, between two mountains, 24
miles w of the Cafpian fea, and 250 ne
of Tauris. Lon. 51 5 e, lat. 40 50 n.
Schanling, a town of Bavaria, with a
fortified caftle, feated on the Inn, feven
miles s of Paflau. •»'•-•« -,-*a
S C H
SckarnitXt a fortified town of Ger-
many, in Tyrolt which dt^iends a pafs
over the mountains, of confldcr;iMc im-
portance. It furrendered to the French
and Bavarians in 1805. It ftands on
the confines of Bavaria, i a miles n of
Infpruc.
Schauenhurgt a county of Weftphalia,
E of the principality of Minden. It is
mountainous and woody, but contains
much fertile land, quarries of limeftone
and freeftone, and mines of ahim, coal,
copper, and iron. The line of its an-
dent counts became extinift in 1640,
and in 1647 '^ became the properly of
the landgrave of HefTe-CalTel, of whom
the count of Lippe holds a part as a
fief. Rintel is the capital.
Sebauenjtfitt, a town of Franconia, in
the principality of Bayrcuth, 18 miles
HE of Culmbach.
Schaumburf^j a town and caftle of
Germany, which gives name to a lord-
fliip, in the circle of Lower Rhine. It
is 25 miles wsw of Wetzlar.
Scfietr, a town and caflle of Snabia,
capital of a lordfliip of its name; fcated
on the D<inube, .36 miles sw of Ulm.
Lon. 9 44 K, lat. 48 .>; n.
Scheibenbergi a town of Upper Sax-
ony, in Mifnia, near whicii are mines of
niverand iron. It is 23 miles s of Chem-
nitz.
Scheldt, a liver which rifesin T^ ranee,
in the deportment of Aifiie, p.uTes by
Cambray, Bouchain, Valencicntics,
Conde, Tournay, Oudtnanl, Ghent,
Dendermond, Antwert, and Fort Lillo,
below which it divides into two branches.
One of thefe, called the Eaftern Scheldt,
flows by Bergen op Zoom ; the other,
the Weftern Scheldt, proceeds to
Flu(hing; and both forming feveral
illands, enter the German ocean. It
gives name to a new department of
Franco, including the eaftern part of
Flanders, of which the chief town is
Ghent.
Sebelestnt, or Schletstat, a fortified
town of France, in the drpaitment of
Upper Rhine, on the river 111, ao miles
sw of Strafburg.
Schella, a town of Hungary, feated
on the Waag, 45 miles ne of Prei-
burg.
SthflUnbcrg, a town of Upper Sax-
ony, in Mifnia, frequently called Au-
gttilufburg, from a caftle of that name
Handing on the mountain of Schellen-
berg, clofe by the town. It is feated
on the Zfchopa, eight miles e of Chem-
nitz.
Sckfltenburg, a town of Bavaria,
where a vidory was obtained by the
S C H
allies, over the French and Bavariatii,
in 1704 It is I a miles w of Neubing.
Schfllitigy an ilhnd of Holl.nnd, u
miles long .indthree broad, lying at the
entrance of the Zuider Zee. Lon. 5
K, lat. t,T, ;o N.
Schemniiz, a town of Upper H«n.
gnry, one of the fcven moiuitaintowni,
with three caftles. It is famous for
mines of filver and other metalu; ai
alfo for Its hot baths. Near it is a high
rock ol lliining blue (tone, mixed with
green i<nd fonie fpots of yellow, ^t ij
«omile» uNK of Prtfburg. Lon. 1856
E, lat. 48 30 N.
Sclienci, a fortrefs of Holland, in
Geldeiland, feated in the angle where
the Rhine divides into two branches,
the Rhine and the Wahal. It is of
gre.1t importance, as the centre of com-
muHication between Holland and Ger-
m.iny f and U 13 miles E of Nime-
guen.
Schenectady. See Skenectadu.
Sc/ie/jing, a town of Sweden, in E
Gothland, feated in a fertile country,
10 miles SE of Wadena.
Sc/ieningcn, a town of Lower Saxony,
in the duchy of Branfwick, near which
is a Lutheran convent, and a fait- mine.
It is 18 miles e of Wolfcnbuttle.
Schepfieiistadtf a town of Lower
Saxony, in the duchy of Brunfwick,
li miks K of Wolfcnbuttle.
Scht'rpetthuel. Sc Montaigue.
Schcjburg, a fortified town ofTrsn-
filv.-inia, with a cadle, .60 miles XKot"
^Wi/^enbnrg.
Schiedam, a town and harbonr of S
Holland, feated on a canal, called the
Schie, which communicates with the
Meufe, fix miles w by s of Rotterdam.
Sc/iievcfbdn, a town of Brandenburg,
in the New mark, with a caftle feated
on the Rega, 17 miles n of Drambiirg.
Schiltach, a town of Suabia, in the
duchy of Wirtemburg, on the i-iver
Schiltach, 14 miles nnw of Rothweil.
Sc/iinta, a town of Hungary, on the
river Waag, 28 miles e of Prefljurg.
Schintznach, a towp of Swiirerland,
in the canton of Bern. Here are fome
tepid mineral waters ; and near it, on a
lofty eminence, are the ruins of the
famous caftle of Hapfburg. It is feated
on the Aar, 10 miles w of Baden, and
20 SEof Baftl.
Schiras. See S/iiras.
Schirvan, a province of Perfia, ijo
miles long and 90 broad j bounded on
the N by Dagheftan. E and SE by the
Cafpian fea, sw by Erivan, and w by
Georgia. The foil is very fertile, pro-
ducing abundance of rice, wheat, and
S C H
barlry, and pnftiire ih.it foeds many
caitlt'. The vines arc plnnteii alonu; the
hnk'es, and faftcncd to the trc»'8. llrre
.iii v.ift quantities of wild fowls, parti-
cularly pheafants ; alfo harts ir; abun-
dance. Schamachie is the capital.
Schlacken<ivald, a tnwn of Uohcmla,
in the circli! of Saatz, with an excellent
tin mine, five milis s of Carlfbad.
SchUickai'Merth, a town of Bohemia,
in the circle of Saatz, with a fine caftlo,
feated on the Weilleritz, fi-ven miles
NN'E of ("arllbad.
Schladen, a town of Lower Saxony,
in the principality of Hild«;nieim, 1 1
mil<s NNE of Collar, and a8 ebe of
Hildt'fheim.
Srhlun, a town of Bohemia, in the
circle of Rakonitz, with a caftht. It is
furrounded by walls and vineyaids, and
16 miles NK of Rakonitz.
Schlanva, a town of Sileiia. in the
principality of Glogaw, on the borders
of Poland, 18 miles n of Glogaw.
Hrhlatwe, a town of Further Pome-
rania., on the river Wipper, 10 miles
wswofStolpe.
Schleusingen, a town and caftic of
Upper Saxony, in the county of ilen-
ncberg, feated on the Schli ufs, 18
miles sE of Smalkald, and 19 >< me of
Scliweinfurt.
SMitz, a town of Germany, in the
principality of Fulda, on a fniall river
that runs into the Fulda, feven miles
NNwofFulda.
Sc/ilitz, a town of Upper Saxony, in
Voigtland, with acadlc, 13 miles nw of
Vlautn.
Schlusselburgi a town and fortrcfs of
Riiflia, fituato on th<; Neva, near Lake
Ladoga. The fortrefs Hands on an
illand in the river, and has frequt.-ntly
been ufed as a ftate prilbn. It is 36
miles K of Pcteriburg. Lon. 30 55 k,
iat. 5955 N.
Schhiselfeldy a town of Franconia, in
the principality of Wurtzburg, infulat-
td in the principaliliy of Bamberg, 14
miles wsw of Bamberg, and 38 k of
Wurtzbiirg.
Hchmalkalden, See Smalkalden.
SchmaUnberg, a town of the duchy
ofWeftphalia, on the riv^r Lenne, 14
miles E of AUendorn.
Schmiedi'berg, a town of Silcfia, in
the principality of Jauer. The vicinity
abounds in iron ore, and almoft all the
inhabitants are fmiths. It is feated at the
foot of a mountain, near the fourceof the
Bauber, 25 miles wsw of Schweidnitz.
Scbmiedeberg, a town of Upper Saxo-
"yi in Mifnia, 14 miles s of Drefden.
S C H
Sr/imieJelerg, a town of the duchy of
Saxony, noted for excellent beer, 13
mil^T. s of Wittenberg.
SchmollfH, A town of Upper Saxony,
in thf principality of Altenburg, on the
liver Sprotta, feveu miles sw of Al-
tenburg.
Schncfherg, a town of Upper Saxony,
in Mifnia Here are mannfaiflures of
thread, lilk, roIcI, and lilver lace; and
in the neighbourhood are filver mines.
It is fituate on an eminence near the
Mulda, nine miles ss k of Zwickau.
Scholinirf, a town of the ftatt; of New
York, capita] of a county of the fame
name. 'I'he inhabitants .are chiefly
Dutch. It (lands on Schohaire river,
which runs n into Mohawk river, «4o
miles w of Albany. Lon. 74 41 w, lat-
42 40 N.
Scfjoubtck, a town and earth* of
Lower Saxony, in the duchy of Mag-
deburg, with Ibme falt-works ; feated
on the Elbe, 10 miles sse of Magde-
burg.
Scbnnherg, a town and caftle of
Pruflla, in Oborland, i.^ miles ese of
Marienwerder.
Schoneck, a town of Upper Saxony,
in Voigtland, 15 miles sk of Plauen.
Schnneck, a town of Prullia, in Po-
merdia, belonging to the knights of the
Ti'Utonic order, 20 miles s of Dantzic
Sclioiiccken, a town of France, in the
department of S;irre, lately of Ger-
many, in the eledorate of Treves ;
feated on the Nyms, 28 miles n by w
of Treves.
Schofien, or Scania^ a province of
Sweden, in Gothland, almoft furround-
ed by the Sound and the Baltic. It it
70 miles long and 50 broad, and the
mod level, picalant, and fertile fpot in
the kingdom. It produces all the nc-
ceflarics of life in abundance, and is
dcemi'd the ftorehoufe and granary of
Sweden. Lund is the capital.
Scliongau, a town of Bavaria, fur-
rounded by a plain wall and fome
lowers. The great fquare i'^ adorned
with three fountains of a kind of marble,
the produd of the country. It ftands
on the fide of an eminence, by the river
Lech, 14 miles s of Landlberg, and 40
sw of Munich.
Sch'jnho'ven, a town of S Holland,
with a commodious haven. It is cele-
brated for its gardens and falmon
fifhery, and feated on the L£ck, 14
miles E by n of Rotterdam.
Schorndorf, a town of Suabia, in the
duchy of Wirtemburg, with a ftrong
caftle. Here are fait fprings, from
Rr
IMAGE EVALUATION
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Hiotographic
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Corporation
23 WIST MAIN STMIT
WEBSTER, N,Y. I4SM
(716)87^-4503
)
8 C H
iwbicfb much ialt is m9de. This pUct
was poflelliDd by the French in 1791$.
It is feated on the Rems, 17 ipjles ks»
ofStutgard.
Schouten Island^ ao ifland in the
Baucific Mcean, pear the -Jf e coaft of
New Guinea* difco/ered by William
Schouten, a Dutchman, in 161 6. It is
60 miles from Eta w, and ao in breadth.
Lou. 13$ Jo B» lat. JO s.
Sei^wtnt an ifland oi Holland, form-
tog l^heK part of Zealand, at the mouth
of tlic ^bcldt. It is 15 miles long and
fill brood. Ziriczee is the capital.
&irfltte»^ah a town and caftle of
Aofkria* on the frontiers of Moravia,
nine miles saw of Znaim.
Sehrobtahawtttt a town of Bavaria, on
the river Par, 16 miles ssw of Ingot-
ftadt.
Sehutt an iiland of Hungary, formed
i>7 the Danub'j, immediately below
Fmburg. It 14 40 miles long and it
broad» ^unds io iiruitand herbage, and
has plenty of game, wood, and fifh.
The chief town is Comom.
ScAtmUtt Fort, Old and New, both
in the nate of New York, on Mohawk
river; the Old, four miles beiow, and
the New, feven jjibove Whiteftown.
The latter is more ufually called Fort
Stanwix.
SchuyUcillt a river of Pennfylvania,
lirhich rifes nw of the Kittatinny moun«
tains, and U navigable from abdve Read-
ing, to its entrance into the Delaware^
three miles below Philadelphia.
Sch<wabacht a town of Franconia, in
t^ principality of Anfpach. It has nu-
merous manufaAures, and (lands on a
livor of the fame name, which flows into
the Rednitz, 11 miles i: by n of Anfpach.
Sch<wulbach, a town of Germany, in
the county of NaiTaq, frequented for its
mineral waters; feated on the river Aa,
jx miles w of Frankfort.
Schwaknburgt a town of Weftphalia,
in ^e count; ot Lippe, 18 miles ne of
Paderborn.
Schwann a town of Lower Saxony, in
the duchy of Mecklenburg, on the river
Wamow,. 10 mile; n of Guftrow.
SeAnvanJorf, a town of Bavaria, in th^
piincipality of Neuburg> on the river
Nab, 31 Rules k of Ratiibon.
Stb<w0netitt«elif a town of Auilriat
nf^v which the French gained a deciiive
IJAory over the Auftrians in itoo. It is
(eatedon the Agcr, 25 miles sw of Lintz.
Schivartzburi^ an ancient caftle o''
, Copper Saxonjy in Thuringia, which
gives name to a county, belonging to
\kA hoiiie of Saxony. The county is
ditrtdcd into two partf , the upper «ad
S CFf
lower, flf which Ruddftadt «nd Son*-
derfliaulfen are the chief towns- The
caftle is feated on the Schwartz, (even
miles sw of Rudelftadt.
SchwartztnberX, a town of Franco*
nia, ip the principality of the lame name,
with a caftle, feated on the Lee, 34 miler
ESE of Wurtzburg.
SehwartK^nberfr, a town of Upper
Saxony, in Mifnia, with wire and lace
nnanufadtures. In the vicinity axv iron«
forges, and mines of tin and lead. It is
Ip miles wsw of Annaberg.
Schtuarttunburgt a town of Swifler-
landi caoital of a bailiwick, in the can*
ton of atra. It is 10 miles sc of Fri<
burg, and 17 &sw of Bern.
SchtwatZt a town of Germany, in Ty-
rol, with a filver and copjMr rome; feat-
ed on the river Inn, 14 milei ^^» of la-
fpruc
Schwedtt a towu of Brandenburg, in
the Ucker mark, with a magnificent
caftle, feared on the Oder, 24 miles sb
ofPrenzio.
ScAweidnitz, a ftrong city of Silcfia,
capital of a principality or the f^c
name, with a caftle. Half of the magif-
trates are catholics, but moft of the in*
liabitants are proteftants, who have a
church without the town, as alio a pub-
lic fchool. All kinds of leather, parti-
cularly Cordovan, are manufadured
here. In 1 7 1 6, the greateft part of this
city was burnt down, but was rfbuilt
in an ele^^ant manner. The Auftrians
took it, m 1757, from the Pruffians,
who retook it the next year It is feat*
ed on an eminence on the river Weift-
ritz, zz miles sw of Breflao. Lon. 16
52 E, lat. 50 44 H.
Schweinfurtt a town of Franconia,
lately imjpcrial, with a palace. The
inhabitants carry on a large trade in
wine, woollen and linen cloth, gooljie-
quills, and feathers. This town was
taken by the French in .1 796. It is feat-
ed on the Maine, 21 miles n% of Wurtz*
burg. Lon. to 35 », lat. jo 6 v-
ScbweiniULf *. tQwn of UlC duchy of
Saxony» on the river Elfter, 14 miles &e
of Wittenberg.
Schvm}i*hergt a town of Germany, in
Upper H«fle, on the river Ohm> ievea
miles se of Marburg.
Scbweitzt a canton of SwiiTerland,
boimded on the w by the Waidftadter
See, s by the canton of Uri, e by that
of Qlarus, and k by thofie pf Zurich
and Zug. This cajQton, with that of
Uri and Und«rwalden, threw off the
yoke of Atiftria in 1308; apd formed
a perpetual alliance in i^j£f which was
the grand foundatioB of the Helvetic
Sfc H
(pnfederacy. Tbc*n^me of Sehweitzer*
laniit SwUwrUndtOrSwiflerlandt which
QiigiMlIy €ompr<bencled only- th^fe
three cantons, v^r afterward extenrded
to ail Helyetia- It derived that 9ppella«
tion. either firom the canton of Schweitz j
38 being the moft diftinguilhed by the
revolution ot' 130B. or becaufc th« Auf-
trians called all the inhabitants cf thel'e
StuutitaittouH parts by the general dcno-
niinatioa of Scbweiizers. The cantons
of Schwcitc and Uri have the fame kind
of foil, and the fame produ^ions. 1 he
whole country being rugged .tnd r^ioun-
tainotts, conlifts chiefly ot pafture» 1 aifes
little cornt and bas no wine ^ but this
foil, naturally barren, bas been improv-
ed by the nttivcs to a great dtgiee of
fertility. Luxury it fcaiccly known in
thefe cantQoi; and a purity of iiiorals
prevails, >iKhich can fcarc«)y be imagin-
ed by the inhabitants of great and opu
lent cities. Tk» Roman cathotic reli-
gion is here exdufively eftabliflud.
Sckweitzy a town of ^JwijOerland, ca-
pital of the canton of that name, ieat-
«d near the Waldftadtcr See* on the
Hope of a hill, at the bottom of two
high and rugged rocks,, called the
Schweitzer Haken. The church is a
i^rge magnificent building. It is 18
miles K by s df Lucern. Lon. 31 g,
lat. 46 5$ V.
Seh<weUzt L«k* tf' S«e Welittadier
Ste.
StAweimt a town of Weftphalia, in
the county of Mark, near which are
fome medicinal fprings. it is a8 miles
SichwmHt a town of Lower Saxony,
capital of the duchy of Mecklenburg-
Schwerin. Jt is divided i-.ito four partR;
namely, ^bwerin, the New Town, the
ifland of Schelf. and the M«or, which
are all nearly encircled by a beautiful
lake. Schwcrin was the feat of a count,
which title is ftitl bore by tlie dukes of
Mccktenburg. The principal church is
a iin« Gothic pile, with a lofty I'pire.
The ducal palace and gardens are on an
ifland in th« lake, and have a communi-
cation with the town by a drawbridge.
It is j5 niiles wsw of Guftrqw. Lon.
n 33 », lat. 53 56 ¥.
Hohiverte, a town of Weftphalia, in
the county of Mark, on the river Roer,
(ievt-n reiles $ of Dortmund.
Sfifmetn, 9. town and caftle of Pruf-
Ga< ra Pomeralia, fituato on the Viftula,
Ceven miles N qf CiHo).
Sihwukhtmeih a to^wn of Silelia, capi-
tal of a circle of its name (infuiated by
Poland and th« New mark of Brandcn-
burg} bi'lQAging to tbc princip Uty of
3 C I
Glogau. It has a c<)ftle, a catbvMIc pa-
rilh church, a proteftant church, good
cloth manufaAurcs, and fertile gard^nf
and vineyards. It is 13 miles n of Z\d|
Uchau. Lon. 15 47 e, |at. 52 at N. ^
Schtuinburgf a town qf Penmarli^, oti
the s coaft ot the ifland of Funt'n^ wl^
the bcft harbour in the ifland, and m4«
nufa(nuri:s of woollen and linen. t\\t
83 miles sse of Odeiif^. Loft. 1030
E, lit. 55 \OV. A^,
Sciati, an ifland of the Archipelago^
14 jniles Ns E of Ncgrop»)nt, and Hlm<^
at the entrance of the gulf of Salonichi.
It is 10 mihfs long and four* broad. Loi.
a3 At e, lat. 39 14 n. "
Siif[lioi a town of Naples, in Calabr!a
Ulteviore, on the fide of a rocky pro-
montory, called Scylla,, or Cape Sciglio.
In the terrible earthqu?ke of 1783, the
fea was thrown furioufly three mile* in-
land, and on its return fwept off 3473
of the inhabitants, with the prince of
Sciglio, who, hopiiig to find fecurity«
were then on the Scylla ftrand, or in •
boats rear the fhore. It is 10 miWM
by E of Reggio.
. Stilly, a duller of numerous ifles and
rocks, at the entrance of the Englilh
and Briftol channels, lying almuft 10
leagues w of the Lands-end. in Corn*
wall. Of thefe only five or fix are inha- ,
bitcd. They are a refoit for feafi)wlt
and feed many flicep and rabbits. Tbn
inhabitants principally fubfift by fiibing^
burning kelp, and adting as pilots. The
chief ifle is that of St. Mary, nearly
three miles long and two broad, which
has a good port, is well fortified, and
contains more inhabitants than all the
reft put together. In this ifle, and in
two or three others, are various antiqui-
ties, particularly the remaihs of a tem-
ple of the Druids, and ancient fepuU
chtes. On that of St. Agnes is a light-
ho'ui'e, which, with the gallery, is ct
feet high, and a very fine column. At
the outermoft extremity of the ifle of
St. Martin is a feamark, built with rock-
ftone, <iud as confpicuous by day as the
lighthpuii: on St. Agnes, but not fo high
and large. The Scilly rocks have been
fatal to numbers of fliips entering th*
fnglifli channel. One of the moft dif-*
aftrous events of this kind happened in
1707, when three men of war perifliedt
with admiral fir Cloqdefley Shovel and
all their crews. St. Agnes " '
in Ion. 6 i{| w, lat. 49 1:4 n.
Scillj, a gro«jip of lUes w (hoals. in
the Pacific ocean, difcovered by captain
Wallis in 1767, and defcribed as ««•
tremely dangerous. Loo. 4^j.|« '*'%
lat. i4 :}9 s.
Rra
'^.^
K
S C L
Seiot anciently called Cliioo, an illnnd
of the Archipelago, near the coaftr of
Natotia, NW of Samns. It is 36 miles
long and 13 broad, and a hiountainous
country; yet frnits of- various kinds
SpW in the fields, fiich as oranges,
;ron«, olives, mulberries, and pome-
granates, interfperfed with myrtles and
JafVriinef. The wine of Scio, fo cele-
Iwated by the ancients, is ftill in great
cfteertfc^ but the idand is now principally
^flinfuifhed by the profitable culture
of niaftich: it has alfo fome trade in
f|Ik| cotton, and figs. It is computed
that there are 4,000 Turks, 100,000
Oreeks»,and a,ooo Latins, on this ifland.
The Turks took it from the Genoefe in
1566. Befide the town of the fame
name» it contains 68 villages all inhabit-
ed by Greeks ; and thofe which furnifh
maftich arc the mdft rich and populous.
Scio, a feaport a'nd the capital of an
ifland of the fame name, and a bifhop's
fee. It is the beft built town in the Ar-
chipelag*; the houfes being commo-
dious, fome of them terraced, and others
covered with tiles. The callle is an old
citadel built by the Genoefe, in which
the Turks have a earrifon. The har-
bour is a rendezvoire for ihipa. that g(^
to or come from Conftantinople : it
will contain 80 veffels, is proted^cd by a
low mole, and has two lighthoufes. It
ftands on the e fide of the ifland, 67
flniles w of Smyrna. Lon. %6 a e, lat.
3tf 28 N.
Sei/>io, a town of New York, chief of
Onondago county, feated on the e fide
of Cayuga lake, 95 miles w of Coopcrf-
town. Lon. 76 53 w, lat., 4a 44 n.
Seiro, or Sciros, an ifland of the Ar-
chipelago, to the w of Metelin. It is 15
miles long and eight broad, and a moun-
tainous country, but has no mines. The
vines make the beauty of the ifland, and
the wine is excellent; nor do the na-
tires want corn or wood. It contains
only the village and convent of St.
George, both built ou a cu:^ical rock,
10 miles from the harbour of St. George.
Lon. 24 38 E, lat. 38 54 N.
Srituate, a town of Maffachufets, in
Plymouth county, on an inlet of the
fea, which forms a harbour. It is 16
tniles N of Plymouth, and 28 se of Bof-
ton. .
SeitnaU a town of Rhode Ifland, in
ttdJHdence county, ne.ir which is .1
foundery for cannons and bells. It ie
1 1 miles Ssw of Providence, and 27 nw
<jf Newport.
' SclavoMia, a country of Europe, fitu-
ite between the rivers Drave and Da-
nube on the N| and the Save on the s ;
SCO'
bounded on the w by Croatia, from
which to the conflux of the ifnve with
the Danube it is 150 miles in length,
and from 45 to 45 in breadth. It is a
fertile level coui^try, divided into fix
counties, and belongs to the houfe of
Auftrla. The eaftern part is called Rat-
zia, and the inhabitants Rafcians. Thefe
form a particular nation, and are of the
Greek church. The ancient Sclavonia
contained many large countries; fome
have extended it from the Adriatic to
the Euxine fca, and fay that it had its
name from the Sclavi, a Scythfan na-
tion, who conquered Greece and this
country in the reign of emperor Jufti-
nian. The language of Sclavonia is the
mother of four others, namely thofe of
Hungary, Bohemia, Poland, and Ruflia.
Scone, or Scoon, a village of Scotland,
on the E fide of the river Tay, a mile w
of Perth. Here is an ancient palace
where the kings of Scotland ufed to be
crowned, and on a celebrated ftone,
which is now removed to England. See
Dunstaffnage-
Scopelot an ifland of the Archipelago,
five miles e of Sciati. It is 10 miles
long and five broad. Lon. aj 50 e,
lat. 39 24 >f.
Scopia, a town of European Turkey,
in Macedonia, and an archbifliop's fee.
It is feated on the Vardar, ever which
is a bridge of 12 arches, 150 miles nnw
of Salonica. Lon. a i 45 e, lat. 4a 40 n.
Scotland, or A^or/A lirttain; the north-
ern of the two kingdonw into which
the ifland of Great Britain was former-
. ly divided- It is bounded on the w by
the Atlantic ocean, n by the Nortk
fea, E by the German ocean, se by Eng-
land, and s by the Irifli fea. To Scot-
land alfo appertain the iflands on its
weftern coaft, called the Hebrides, or
Weftern iflands, and thofe to the ne
called the Orkney and Shetland iflands.
From N to s it extends 270 miles; and
its greateft breadth is 150, but in fome
places not above 30, and no part is
diftant above 40 miles from the coaft.
It contains about 17,788,000 acres; and
the number of inhabitants in 1801 was
i>599io68. Scotland is divided into
two diftriifts, the Highlands and the
I^owlanvls; the former is applied to the
mountainous part to the n and nw, and
the latter to the more level diitridt on
the E and se. But nature feemo to have
pointed out three grand divifions in
Scotland. The firft'. or ?^orth divifion,
is formed by a chain of lakes, which
Crofs the country, from the frith of
Murray to the ifland of Mull, in a sw
dii e(!ti6u ; the fecond, or Middle divi-
Ik)
ef
by
fide
Soi
chi<
mo
fert
.-,.,,„,.
Croatia, from
■ the Save with
ules in length,
padth. It 18 a
vided into fix
> the hnufe of
rt is called Rat>
Lafcians. Thefe
, and are of the
cient Sclavonia
ountries; feme
he Adriatic to
that it had its
a Scythfan na-
rreece and this
emperor Jufti-
Sclavonia is the
lamely thofe of
md, and Rnflia.
ige of Scotland*
:Tay, a mile nt
ancient palace
land ufcd to be
lebratfd (lone,
England. See
le Archipelago,
It is ID miles
Lon. 33 50 E,
opean Turkey,
rchbiftiop's fee.
lar, ever which
150 mile8 NNw
E, lat. 42 40K.
'«/»,' the north-
into which
in was former-
d on the w by
|by the North
an, SB by £ng-
ea. To Scot-
illands on its
Hebrides, or
fe to the NE
etland iilands.
70 miles; and
, but in fome
d no part is
m the coaft.
00 acres; and
in I Sot was
divided into
nds and the
pplied to the
and NW, and
el diftridt on
'eemo to have
divifions in
brth divifion,
laVes, which
the frith of
ull, in a sw
Middle divi>
SCO
Hon, is bounded on the s by the friths
of Forth and Clyde, and the great cnnal
by which they are united; and on the s
flde of this boundary is the third, or
South divifion. The North, diviiioti is
chiefly an alTcmblage of vaft dreary
mountains; not, however, without fome
fertile valleys on the northern and eaft-
ern (hores- The Middle divifion is tra-
▼erfed, in different diredions, by fcveral
ranees of mountains; and though culti-
vation here is alfo found chiefly on the
eaftem fliore, yet of this divifion, as
well as of the former, the arable* land
bears a fmall proportion to the moun-
tainous and barren trails. The South
divifion has a great relcmblanc^ to Eng-
land, and with refpedl both to the ge-
neral afeeft of the country, and to the
progrefs of cultivation, exhibits every
kind of rural variety. The civil divifion
of the country is into 33 counties, name-
Ijr Shetland and Oricnoy, Caithncfs,
butherland, Rofs, Cromarty, Invernefs,
in the North divifion; Argyle, Bute,
Nairn, Murray, Banff, AbL-rdeeii, Kin-
cardine, Angus, Perth, Fife, Kinrofs,
Clackmannai), Stirling, Dumbarton, in
the Middle divifion; and Linlithgow,
Edinburg, Haddington, Berwick, Ren-
frew, Ayr, Wigton, Lanirk, Peebles,
Selkirk, Roxburg, Dumfries, Kirkcud-
bright, in the South divifion. The prin-
cipal rivers are the Spey, Don, Tay,
Tweed, Clyde, Forth, Northern Die,
£ik, Annan, Nith, and Southern Dee.
The loches, or lakes, are numerous,
and fome of them cxtenfivc. The cli-
mate is very various. The northern ex-
tremity, which is in the fame latitude
with fome parts of Norway, is extreme-
fycold; but from its infular fituation,
the frofts are far from bdiig fo intenfe
as in parts of the continent equally as
far to the n. Its welt coaft is lubjed
to frequent rains in the fummer, and to*
fudden changes of weather. In many
places on the eafiern fiiore, and in the
whole fouth divifion, the climate is not
inferior to the north part of England.
The produds of the country are grain,
flax, woods of oak and fir, coal, lead',
iron, freeftone, limeftone, Hate, the moft
beautiful marble, fine rock-cryftals,
pearls, variepated pebbles, &c. It feeds
vaft herds of cattle and fiocks of Iheep :
they are both Imall, but much valued
for the delicacy of their flefli ; and the
fleece of the latter emulates the finefl:
Spanifli wool. It is on the high grounds
that the cattle arc fo diminutive; for in
miny parts of the country, tlie horfos
and cows are not excelled in fize and
beauty by thofe of the EngUfh breed.
s c u
Among the wi'd animals are the ro^f
(lag, fox, badger, otter, hedge-hog,
rabbit, weafel, mole, and other fmall
quadrupeds. Among t'le feathered race
are the capercailzie, or cock of tjiie
wood, the eagle, falcon, partridg(;,
quail, fnipe, plover, black gapie, 'ice.
Scotland was governed by a king before
the Romans viiited England, andconti-
nued ail independent Icingdom'nll thf
death of the Englifli queen Eljikbeth*
when James vi of Scotland, the iiiioft
immediate heir, was called to the throne
of England, and conftaiitly refided In,
the latter : he and his fuccefTon calling
themfelves kings of England and Scot-
land, and each country having a fepa-,
rate parliament, till the year 1707, if) the
reign of queen Anne, when both king-
doms were united under the general
name of Great Britain. The countiet
fend one member each to parliament, ex-
cept. Bute and Caithnefs, Cromarty and
Nairn, Kinrofs and Clackmannan, which
fend mtmbers in conjundlion; fo that
the counties fend 30 members, which
with 15 fent l?y the cities and boroughs,
make the 45 commoners fent by Scot-
land; and 16 peers are ele<5lcd to repre-
fcnt the nobility. The eftablifhed reli-
gion is the piefbyterian, which is mo-
delled principally after the Calvaniftical
plan fettled at Geneva, and on a general
principal of a!i equality of ecctenaftjcal
authority among its prcfbyters. There
arc few Roman c.itholics, nor are tl)c
epifcopalians numerous. With refpeft
to the trade and manufafturea, they arc
noticed under the refpeAive cities and
towns. Edinburg is the capital.
Scutari, a ftrong towft of European
Turkey, in Albania, .and a bifhop's fee.
It is feated on the lake Zeta, near its
outlet, the river Boiana, 70 miles JJ by
w of Durazzo. Lon. 19 16 e, lat. 42
Scutari, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in
Natolia, which may be confidered as a
fuburb of Conllantiuople- It fliands on
the ftrait oppofite that city; and pre-
ferits itfclf in the form of an amphithe-
atre, affording a very piifturcfque view
from the mixture of trees, houfes, mof-
ques, and minarets. This town ferve's
ns an emporium and a rendezvous to the
caravans of Afia, afid has fome mantl-
fadures of filk and. c'ottort (tuffs. Hetfe
are extenfive buiytiig gfOuiids, (hadra
with lofty cyprefieSf . The rich Tufks
bf Conflantinople prefer being interred
here; for they cot^fider.AfiaaB a land
belonging tr? the tr'vie believers, And be-
lieve that the land of Europe will one
4i\y,iAU >utoth^ bands «f Chfillians, and
■m
S K B
he trodden on by infidcli. Scutari Is
one mile e of Conftantinople-
Scfllat a rock nenr the entrance of
the.urait of Meflina, on the coaft of Ca-
Iftbria oppoflie the celebrated Chary b-
dia. ,t It forms a ftnall promontory in
the narrowed pirt of the ftrait* and is
the fatlious Scylla of the ancient poets.
If doe* not come up to the formidable
defcription given by Homer, nor is the
DiflHgw fo narrow and difficult as he re-
^trefents it ; but it ie probable thnt its
tiiti'adth is grt-atiy increnft-d fince his
fitne. The rock is nearly :oo fei't
bigh; and on the fide of it fta<>d» the
town of ScipTio, whence the promon-
tory ift fometimes«al1ed Cape Scii^Ho.
Stafard 7i town in Suflex, and one of
tbeCinqui' Ports. Its forts are in a ftate
6f defence ; but it has no market, and
its trade and bsrhour are now of lit'le
confcrtucnce It is feated near the
tnglWn channel, to miles i>su of Lewes,
>na Jo s by E of London.
SeatotiiA town of Scotund, in Had-
rtihgtonfhire. Here is a ruinous palace,
in which Mary queen of Scots ocrafi-
onally kept her coiJrt, after htr return
from France. It has a confiderablc
tt'ade in fait and coal, and is fruate on
the frith of Forth, nine mile e of £din-
bure.
Seb«stia, a town of Afiatic Turkey,
' In Paleftine, the remains of the ancient
City of Samaria. It is 34 miles n nb of
Sebastian, St. a feaport of Spain in
Bifcay, feated at the toot of a moun>
tain, On the top of which is a ftrong ci-
tadel. The harbour is fecured by two
liholes, and a narrow entrance for the
Ihips. The town is lurrounded by a
double wall, an<l fortified toward the
fca. It carries on a great trade, parti-
irijlarly in iron, fteel, and wool. St.
Sebaftian was taken by the French in
J 794. It is 50 miles k of Bilboa, and
jo Nw of Pamplona. Lon. i 56 w, lat.
43 24 »• ^^
Sebastian, St- a town of New Spain,
capital of the province of Chiametlan,
€0 miles NKW of Chiametlan. Lon. 10 j
£6 w, lat. 54 20 N.
• Sebastian, 5/. the capital of the pro-
yince of Rio Janeiro, and of all Br.ifil,
¥ri)th a citadel on a hill, and numerous
|prt«. The city ftands four ^niles w of
ibe baibonr, and behind it are high
Itills crownied with woods, convents,
lioufei,' and chuich^. It is three miles
in circuirofciencc; tl\e greets ' flrafght
and B\o(t of them natrt>w, interfcAtng
each other at right atlgles; imd the
fcooTes, in gcnerftl,are Olfftofie^ahd two
S F. B
ftories high. The churches art Ter»
flne, and there is more religious parade
in this citjr, thnn in any of the ptipifh
countries in Europe. The harbour is
very commodious, with a narrow en-
trance defended by two forts. Here
are manttfa^ures of Aigar, rum, and
cochineal The different mechanics
carry on their buiinefs in didinA parts
of the town ; particular ftrects being
ftt apart for particular trades. On the
9 fide of a fpacious fauare is the palace;
and there are leveral other fqnarcs, in
which are fountains, fupplied with
water by an aquedutJt," of confiderablc
length brought over a valley by a double
tier of *ai<che8. The mint is one Of the
fincll buildings exifling, and fumiihed
with all the convenience" neceffary for
coining with the greateft exprdition.
A Bcnedidline c6nvent and a. fort are
on the extreme point, jutting into the
harbour, oppoiite which is Serpent
ifland. where there are a dock-yard,
magazines, and naval Aorehoufes In
another part of the harbour, at a place
called Val I^ongo, are the warehoufes
for the reception, and preparation for
fale, of the flaves imported from Afi-ica.
St . Sebaftian is a biihop's fee, and at
prefent the feat of rhe royal family of
Portugal, who arrived here Jan. 8, 1808.
It is feated near the mouth of'the Rio
Janeiro, in the Atlantic. Lon. 42 44 w,
aa 54 *•
Sebastian, Cape St, a cape at the nw
extremity of Madagafcar. Lon. 46 aj
E, lat. iz 30 s.
Sebastopol, a feaport of Ruflia, and
the firft maritime town of the Crimea.
It has one of the fineft and moft fecure
harbours in the world, while for fizc it
might contain all the RuOian fleets:
and it is the chief ftation of the Black
fea fleet. The dtyjs built on the fide
of a hill, which divides two of its fine
bafins. The old Tartar houfes are
fmall and illbuilt : but along the quay
are fome new buildings in a good tafte.
It ftands on part of the fite of the an-
cient Greek city of Cherfon, where
was the famous temple of Diana Tao-
rica; and confiderablc ruins of them
are yet difc«verable. It is 40 miles ssw
of Sympheropol, and 350 nk of Con-
' Itantinople. Lon. 33 za e. lat. 44 25 k.
Sebastopolis, or Savatopol:, a town of
Mingreiia, anciently called' Diofcurias.
It ftands on the border^ of Ruflia, on
the Black fea, 220 miles wnw of Tefflis.
Lon; 4a 45 B, lat 44 10 Ni
Sebenicb, a ftrong feaport of Dalma*
tia, and a biihop's fee with four citadels.
The cathedral is a magnificent ]!Abric>
S E D
and its roof is compofcd of Urge !M
pieces of marble. The Ttirfcs have
often attempted in vain to take this
town. It is feated near the mouth of
the Cherea, in the gulf of Venice, 25
miles sE of Zara. Lon^ 16 46 e, lat.
44 »7 ".
Seiatirgt a town of France, in the de«
partment of Nordy five miles e of Va«
lenciennes.
Sgbu. See Zebn.
Sebz. See Kesb.
Seeburot a town of Peru, \a the bi-
(hopric of Truxillo, inhabited by In-
dians, who are chiefly employed in iifh-
iftg, or driving mules. Here commences
a fandy defert, which extends fouth*
ward about 60 miles. The town ftands
on a river of the fame name, thre»miles
from the ocean, and 180 nnw of Trux-
illo. Lon. 8f 10 a, lat. 5 55 s*
Seekau, a town of Germany, in Stiria»
feated on th« Gayle, nine miles h of
Judenbiirg.
Seekiagent a town of Suabiai the
finalleft of the four Foreft Towns.
Here is a convent of noble nuns, whofe
abbefs was a piincefs of the empire. It
is feated on an ifle, formed by the
Rhine, over which is a bridge, 1 1 miles
w of Bafel.
Stekmrton, a village in Warwickfliire,
three miles nb of Tarn worth, famous
for a battle, in 757, between Cutht-ed
king of the W Saxons, and Ethelbald
king of the Mercians. On the .v (ide
of its church are the ruins of a fort, and
near it an artificial hill, 45 feet high.
Sedan, a ftrongtown of France, capi-
tal of the department of Ardennes. It is
tleQfned<one of the keys of the country;
and has a ftrong caftle, an arfenal, a
ftmndery of cannon, and a manufacture
uf fine cloth. The famous marfhal
Turenne was bom in the caftlc. Sedan
is feated on the Meufe, a,6 milr^s sE' of
Chat lemont, and 135 nb of Paris. Lon.
4 58 E, lat. 49 4a N.
Sedasivagur, a town of Hindooftan,
the moft northern on the coaft of Ca-
nara. It is feated on the n fide of the
«ftuary of a river, which enters into a
deep bay, (heltered by three illands,
one of them fortified, and the entrance
defended by a fort on a lofty hill. Three
miles up the river, on the oppofite bank,
is the remains of Carwar, formerly a
noted place, of European commerce,
t)ut totally ruined during the reign' of
the late fultan Tippoo. Sedafivagur is
50 miles SB of Goa, and 95 nnw of
Kuhdapura. (<o(if 74 15 e, lat. 14
JiN.
Sedburgt 4 (own in W Vorkihirfii
8 E (>
with a market on Wednefdaf, feattd
near the Rothtr, en the borders of Weft*
morland, 1 r-miles a of Ktndal, and 165
NW of London.
Seebatuen, a town iC Brandenburgf
in the Old mark, nearly ffirrounded by
the river Alandy 13 miles ./ of Havel*
berg.
SteUfurgt a town of the duchy of
Courl&nd, on the rifer Dwina, 7(9 milN
E by s of Mittau.
Seelcnv, a town of Brandenburg* In
the Middle maiky 10 miles aw of
Cuftrin.
Stfr, .1 feaport of Arabia, capital of 'a
principality, in the province cf Oman.
It has a good harbour, and the nav^ of
the prince is one of the moft confidAar
ble m the gulf of Perfia. It is 108 nrilca
wsw of Julfar. Lon. 54 58 k, lat. »g
10 V.
Seeien, a town of LoWer, Saxony, in
the duchy of Brunfwick, feated on a
finall lake, 14 miles sw of Ooflar.
Seez, a town of France, in the dc*
partment of Ome, and a biflMp's fee.
Is is feated in a fine country, near the
fource of the Ome, 11 miles n of Alen-
^on, and lot w by s of Paris. Lon. <f
11 K, lat. 48 36 N.
Segeberg, a town of Lower Saxony,
in the duchy of Holftein, with a caftle,
on a high mountain, confining of lime*
ftone, large quantities of which ^e car-
ried to Hamburg and Lubec. It la
feuted on the Trave, 15 miles wnw of
Lubec.
Segedin, a ftrong town of Hungarjr*
with a caille, taken from the Turks in
1686. It is feated near the Teifle, op-
pofuethe influx of the Maros, lo^ miles
ssB of Peft. Lon. 30 35 e, lat. 46
18 N.
Segestan, a province of Perfia, bouud-
ed on the n by Korafan and Balck, E by
Candaharand Sableftan, s by Mackeran,
'sw by Kerman, and w by Covhcftan and
Farfiflan. The country is in general
mountainous. The valleys arc the only
habitable parts ; for the plains are
barren, and covered with fine fand,
which is fometimes raifed by whirlwinds
to fuch a degree iisto overwhelm whole
caravans. Zareng is the capital.
Segetnvar, a town of Tranfylvania*
capital of a county of the fame name.
It is built in the form of an amphithea-
tre on the fide of a hill, near'the river
Kokel, 47 miles n of Hermanftadt.
Lon. 34 s^ E, lat. 47 4 N.
Segna, a feaport of Morlachia, ca-
pital of Hungarian Dalmatia, with a
fort. It wa (declared a free port, and
ereded into a biihoprici in i{f8j. It is
^
8 E G
fe«ted on the gulf -of Venice, too mileSf
KW of Sputeto. Lull. I jv.*! K, Hut. 45
iSV^, a town of Italy, in Campagna
di Koma. Organs ate Taiil to have been
invrnted hertr. It is frated on a moun-
tain, 30 miles SE of Rupie.
Sejio, a city of Negroland, the capital
of BaiAbara. It confifts of four wailed
e Mnvnst, two on each fidu the ;'iver :^^i-
ger. Which contain about 30,000 in-
habitants; and M the Moors form a
confiderable proportion, their mofquea
appear in every quarter. The houfos
are built of clay, of a iqtiare form, with
flat roofs ; fume of them have two
ftories, and many of them are white
wafiled. The current monejrconfifls of
couries^ a kind of fhetls. It is 190 miles
wsw of Tombudoo. Lon. 2 46 w, lat.
14 li n.
V S^rBe, a town of Spain, in Va-
lencia, and a biihop's^fee. Here are
many weli-cultivatecf gardens, and the
country abonnds m every kind of fruit.
In the adjacent mountains are quarries
of fine marble. It is feated on the fide
of a hill, by the river Morvedro, ,35
Iniles K by w of V^tencia.
Segovia, a city of Spain, in Old
Cafttle, and a bilhop's fee, with a caftle.
It itands on two hills, and the valley by
which, they are feparated, on the sw
fide of the Erefma; and is fiirroundcd
by a ftrong wall, flanked with towers
and ramparts It is fupplied with
water by a Roman aquedudl, 3000
paceb in length, fupportod by 177
arches of a prodigious height, in two
rows, one ;ib»>ye the other. Here the
beft cloth in Spain is made, which is
one part of its trnde, and another is
very fin«* paper. The cathedral (lands
on one fide of the great fquare, and is
Ofle of the handfomeft Gothic ftrudtures
in .Spain ; befide which there are a;
other churches. The caftle is feated in
the higheft part of the town, and has
16 rooms richly aiioriied with tapeftry,
and ornaments of marble and porphyry.
Thi" royal chapel is magnificently gild-
ed, and emb^Iliihcd with very fine
paintings. The mint, for fome years
the only one in Spain, is furiounded by
the river, on which.are mills, employed
in coining. Segovia is 40 miles nnw of
Madrid. Lon. 4 • z w, lat. 41 .1 n.
Segoniia, Neiu, a town Of Mexico,
in Niearatiwa, feand near the lourcc of
a river of its name, which flows into the
Caribbean fea, go miles n by e of Leon.
X^n. 87 5 w, lat. 13 45 N.
Segovia, Neivy a town in the ifle of
Luconia) and u biihop's fee, with a fort.
SEI
It is feated at the M end of the iflandf
near the mouth of the Cagayun, 140
miles N of Manilla. Loii. uo 59 l,
lat. iR 39 N.
Stgra, a river of Spain, which ril'ca
in the Pyrertcfs, and runs sw through
Caiiilonia, palfing by Puicerda, Urgel,
IUlaguet,and Leiida, to Mequinenza,
where it joins the Ebro.
Segre, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Vlayenne and Loire, 20
miles NW of Angers.
Segurat a river of Spain, which rifes
in the mountains of Segura, in Murcia,
croffes that province and the s part of
Valencia, and enters the Mediterranean)
at Ouardaman.
bvgura, n town of Spain, in Murcia,
feated among mountaino, 34 miles ne
of Ubeda, and 96 wnw of Murcia.
Segura,^ town of Spain, in Arragon,
35 miles sK of Calatajud^ and j8 n of
Tcruel.
Segura, a town of Portugal, in Beira,
with a fort on a mountain. It (lands
on the frontiers of Spain, 15 miles wnw
of Alcantara, and 35 esk of CaRel
firanco.
Sehauranpourt a town of Hindooftan,
in Delhi, capital of a diflrii^ of the fame
name, between the Jumna and the
Ganges. It is 86 miles n by w of Del-
hi. Lon. 77 ij B, lat. 30 4 K.
SeidfnSerg, a town of Upper Lufatia,
with manufadlures of cloth and ftock-
ings, eight miles ssE of Gorlit/..
Seikjt a powerful nation in the aw
part of Hinduofian, cunfifiing of feveral
finall independent Itates, that have
formed a kind of federal union. They
pofleffi the whole province of Lahore,
the principal part of Moultan, and the
w part of Delhi. This trad extends
400 miles from nw to sk, and is fronv
150 to aoo broad, in general, but the
part between Attock and Behker cannot
be lefs than 320. 'I'he founder of their
feft was Nanock, who lived in the be-
ginning of the i6th century} and they
are the defcendants of his difciples:
the word seiis, in the Sanfcrit language
fignifying difciples. They are in ge-
neral ftrong and well made, accuftomed
fronri their infancy to the mofl: laborious
life, and hardell fare. A pair of long
blue drawers, and a kind of checquered
plaid, a part of which is fafiened round
t"he waift, and the other thrown over
th<^ flioulder, form their clothing and
equipage. The chiefs are diftinguiflied
by wearing fome heavy gold bracelets
on their wrifis, ;«nd fometimes a chain
of the fame metal round their turbans,
and by being mduntcd on better horfes}
II
m
te
ti(
T
b(
S E L
otherwife no diftiiK^iion appears among
them. The civil and military guvein-
ment of tht Sclks, before a ci)mm'>n in-
tercft hiid ccaUrd to adiiau* its opcra-
tionR, was condudled by general af-
fcmblics; but flnce their dominionH
have been fo widely rxteiuli'd, the grand
aflembly is now rarely fummoned.
Their urmy cunfiflg almoft ' entirety uf
borfet of which a Seik will boaft they
can bring 300,000 into the field ; and it
is fuppofed they might bring 2oo«ooo.
They have commonly two, I'ome of
them three horfes each. They indeed
confider this animal as necelliary to
their exifteac. ; and though it is cuf-
tomary with them to make merry on
the demife of one of their brethicn,
they monrn for the death of a horfc.
The Seike, like the Hindoos, are per-
fedly tolerant in matters of faith, and
require only a conformity in certain
figna and ceremonies ; but, unlike the
Hindoos, they admit profelytes ; al-
though thofe from among the Maho-
metans are the leaft efteemud. Their
capital is Lahore.
Seine, a river of France, which rifcs
in the department of C6le d'Or, flows
by Troyefs Mehm, Paris, and Rouen,
and enters the Englifli channel at Havre
de Grace.
Seine, Louver, a department of France,
including part of the late province of
Kormandy. Rouen is the capital.
Seine and Marne, a department of
France, including part of the late pro-
vince of the Ifle of France. Melun is
the capital.
Seine and Oise, a department of
France, including part of the late pro-
vince of the Ifle of France. Verfailles
is the capital.
Seinsheim, a town of Franconia, in a
lordihip of the fame name, withacaftle,
18 mi|<?8 SE of Wurtzburg.
Selam, a town of Mexico, in Jucatan,
near the feacoaft, 45 miles nw of M«-
rida.
Selboioe, a town of Norway, in the
province of Drontheim, on the n fide
of a lake, 18 miles ^k of Drontheim-
Stlt^; a town in W Yorkfliire, with
a market on Monday. It is the birth-
place of Henry i, whofe father, William
the conqueror, built an abbey here; and
the conventual church is now the pa-
riih church. A canal palFes from this
place to Leeds, and large Ihipr arc
built here. It is feated on the Oufe,
over which is one of the completeft
timber bridges in the kingdom, iz
miles s of York, and i8o n by w of
i'Ondon. . ,
9 EM
Si lenf^tnskt a fortified towp of Ruflia*
in the government of .Irkutfli, with a
fort. The adjacent country yields a
great quantity of rhubarb. It ftands on.
the Selengu, ut the influx of the Chilok*
84 miles H£ of Irkutfli. Lon. 407 %l tg
lat. 51 16 N.
Selenti, a town of European Turkey,
in Caramania, at the mouth of a river of
the fame name, 50 mi/:s wsw uf Selflk^
SeUtk, p.ncienilyr S(:\eucia, a town of
Aiiatic Turkey, m Caramania, fiiated
on a river five miles from the fca'i (Ind
80 8SK of (Jogni. Lon. 34 36 Ki lat. 5$
40 N.
Seligemtadt, a town of Germany, Ht
the late elcdlorute of Mentz, with a
Benedidtine abbey; fcated at tb« con-
flux of the Gernfpentz with the Maine»
14 miles V. of Francfort-
Selibria, a t«)wn of European Tur-
key, in Romania, and an archbilhop's
fee. It was a large place, but ii now
much decayed. It id feated on the fea
of Marmora, 35 miles w of Conftanti-
nople. Lon. 28 la e, lat. 41 4 s.
Seliirk, a borougi) of Scotland, the
capital of Sclkirklhire. It has a ma-
nufadure of boots and ihoes, and is
feated on the Ettrir* 30 miles ssE of.
Edinburg Lon. a, 46 w, lat. 55
34 N.
Selkirkshire, a county of Scotland*
boundt.-d on the ne by Edinburg/hjre,
E by RoxburgOiire, s by Dumfriesimre*
and w and n by Peeblefliire. It is a
hilly country, 20 miles long, and 10
w?'ere broadtA. The number of in-|
habitants in 1801 was 5070. The chicjf
rivers are the Tweed* Ettrick, Yarrow-,
and Gala.
Selles, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Loir and Clier, on the
river Cher, 10 miles sw of Romorentin.
Seltza a town of France, in the de-
partment of Lower Rhine feated oa
the Rhine, 23 miles nnk of Strafburg.
Seltzer, or Lgnver Seltzer, a town of
Germany, in the late arcbbiOiopiic
Treves ; celebrated for a fpring of mi
neral w^atcr, which is exported in great
quantities. It is fituate on tht: £;nf-
bach, 30 miles & uf Coblentz.
Semauat, a town of Aiiatic Turkey,
in Irac Arahi, featt.'d on the Euphrates*
where a< toll is col1<-(^ed. It is 120
miles NW of Baflbra. Lon. 46 f5 K,
lat. 32 a N.
Sembeiv-gliewn, a town of Birmah,
from which is theprinoipal road through
the weflcrn hills into Aracan. To this
place all Bengal articles of merchanAife
imported by way of Aracan ^re brought*
and here embarked on the Irrawaddy.
SEN
It flandi thrre tnilct w o/ that rircry
and 30 > by w of Pagnhm.
StMfjfondut a town of NegroUnd, in
Hilt cuuntry »f Wanpara, leatcd on a
like ttwrnw hy a branch of the Nile*
^30 miles Dsw of Bornou. Lon. ai 30
tf lat. 14 58 N.
Stmemlriat a town of European Tur-
key, in Serria, with a citadel, featcd on
tfM'I>aniibei so miles sb of Belgrade.
SeakmuJt a town of Egypt, on the e
branch of the Nile, eight miles saw of
Mafiibura, and 53 x of Cairo.
SetHig0lHmy the > part of the duchy
of Courland, fcparated by the riv^r
Mafz.1, from Colirland Proper, and by
the Dwina, from Rnflia, to which coun-
try it is now fiibjeA. Nlittau is the ca^
I>ital.
Semhari, a town of Naples, in Ca-
labria Ultcriure, it mites ke of Reg-
^io.
' Sfmli»t a town of Sciavonia, on the
s fide of the Danube, a little above the
influx of the Save, icmr miks w of Bel-
grade.
Sempaih', a town of Swiflerland, in
the canton of Lucem ; celebrated for
the bsttle, in 1396, Vhich eftablifhed
the liberty of the Swifs, and in whi^h
X.«opoid duke of Auftria was defeated
and Oain* It is featcd on a fmall lake
of the fame' name, feven miles Kw of
lAraern.
Srmttr en Auxoij, a town of France,
in the department ofC6tedOr, with,
a caftle on a rock. It has a manufadture
<tf cloth, and is featcfl on the Armancon,
f A miles w by N of Dijon, and 13 j sk
tf Paris.
Sfmur en Briennoh, a town of France,
I la the departmont of Saone and Loire,
33 miles w by s of Macon, and 45 » of
Autnn.
Setut, or Mflrzali, a town of Mo-
caranga, on the river Zambeze, where
the IN>rtuguefe have a faAory. Lon.
35 1^ E,lat. 17 40 s.
Seneeat a lake and riv>;r of New York,
in Onondago county. The lake is 30
miles long and two broad, and lies n
and s betw<-en thofe of Canandaqua and
Cayuga. At the n end is the town of
Geneva ; and on the k fide, between it
and Cayuga lake, are the military town-
Ihips of Romulus, Ovid, Heilor, and
fJlylTes. The river rifes to the w of
Geneva, pafles by that town, and re-
ceives 4he waters of the lake. It af-
terward receives the waters of Cayuga
lakfj Canandaqua creek, and Salt lake,
aati then flows into Onondago river.
Smeea, a town of New York, in
Onoiidagocountytfituate on the » fide
SEN
of the falls in Seneca rittr 14 milet front
its mouth, and a8 s of Ofwrgo. "
Seneff^ a town of the Netherlands, in
Brabant, famous for a battle gained by
the French over the prince of Orangt,
in i<74. It is four rniles s of Nivclle.
StHegal, a large river which rifes in
the mountains of Kong, in Negroland,
and flows w, dn the louthern confines
of Zahara, into the Atla.itic ocean, lao
miles N B of Cape Verd. It coarfe is
Aesnous, till it arrives within fix miles
of the fea, when it takes a fuddvn turn
to the 8, and for 75 miles is feporatcd
from the fea only by a ridge of fand.
Its mouth, not more than half a league
over, is incommoded by a ihifttng bar,
which renders the paflage difllicnlt and
dangerous.
Senegal^ a country on the w coaft of
Africa, lying on a river of the fame
name. See FotJi' The French have a
fort and faAory, in an ifland at the
mouth of the river, and are mafters of
the giim-trade. It is called Fort Louis,
was taken ^y the £ngli(h in 1758, con-
firmed to them by the peace of 17 631
but reftored in 1783. Lon. 16 31 w,
lat. 15 53 N.
Serrn, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Lower Alps, and formerly
the fee of a bifliop. It is feated in a
rongh barren country, 15 miles sst of
Digne.
Senftenbergi a town of Upper Saxony,
in Mifnia, with a caftle, feated on the
Elfter, 33 miles nnk of Drefden.
Senlht a town of France, in the de*
ftartment of Oife, lately a bifhop'i fee.
t is feated on the fide of a hill, on the
river Nonette. almoft furrounded by a
foreft, so miles vw of Meaux, and 17
NE of Paris.-
Sennary a city of Nubia, and the ca-
pital of a kingdom of the fame. It is
five miles in circumference, and very
populous. The houfes are chinfly of
one ftory, with flat roofs ; but the fub-
urbs contain only cottages covered
with reeds. The palace is furrounded
by high walls, and is a confufed heap of
buildings. The heats are almoft in-
fupportable in the daytime, except in
the rainy fcafon, which begins in April,
and continues three months, at which
time the air is unwholefome. The
commodities are elephants teeth, tama?
rinds, civet, tobacco, and gold-dutl.
There is a market near the palace,
where flaves are fold : the females fit
on one fide, and the males on another,
and the Egyptians buy great numbers
of thenn every year. The merchandife
required here are fpicesi paper, brafsn
At
>'»4mUetfroBi
weg o. '
^etberludi, in
ittle gained by
ce of OranM,
sofNIfdle.
which rifirt in
in Ncgrolanriy
thern conflnea
itic ocean, laa
It coarfe )•
ithin fix milea
a fuddten turn
tt is fqjtn-atcd
ridge of fand.
I half altague
» fhiftmg bar,
i difficult and
he w coaft of
of the fame
bVench have a
ifland at the
re mafters of
d Fort Louis,
in If sit con.
:ace ofi763i
«. i6 31 w,
e, in the de«
and formerly
s feated in a
miles 8SE of
jper Saxony,
t-ated on the
:fden.
in thede*
bifliop'i fee.
hill, on the
ounded by a
aux, and x;
and the ca<
ame. It is
•» and very
chi«fly of
)ut the fubr
E8 covered
fiirrounded
ifed heap of
almoft in.
except ill
It in April,
at which
ame. The
reth, tama?
gold^duft.
ie palace,
females fit
>n another,
t numbers
erchandife
per} brafSii
$ K R
hardWntr, glafs beads, and a blact: drop,
vrhieh is ufed tn colour the eyebrowi.
The womf-n of ou^lity have flight pxr- •
ments of filk, ;*nd wear ringn ot various
tnetftN on their hair, hm% legs, cars,-
and fingers. Women of a low rank,
and girU, have clothes wrapped round
them from t he wnift to the knees. The
men go alrnoft naked. Sennar U featvd
on an iminencei near the river Nile.
Lon. 30 o e, lat. if 4 m.
Sent, a town of France, In the de-
partment of Yonne, and lately an arch-
bilhop's fee. The cathedral is a hand-
fome Oothic (IruAure. -It is feated in
a fertile country, at the conflux '>f the
Vanne with the Yonne, 45 miles H of
Auxerrt', and 60 SE of Paris. Lon. 3
17 K, lat. 48 iz w.
Sr^ulveJa^ a town of Spain, in Old
Caflile, on the river Durat«n, 38 miles
Nt of St'govia.
Sera, or Sira, a town of Hindooftsn,
jn Myfore, with a ftone fort of ^ good
lize. It . the priiicipul place in the
Central divilion of the rajah r. dominions
N of the Cnvery, and carries on a con-
fiderablr inland commerce. The chief
produifts fent henoe nre cocoa nuts,
fugar, betlc-nuts, bark, lac, fti*el, oxen,
buflalos, butter, and oil. The whole
of the cloth made here is uf- d id the
neighbourhood. Since tlie rtftoration
of the rajah, in t799» *''* f"""' ''"'' ^*"
garrifoned by Britilh troops. It is 48
miles a^of Chilteldroog, and 84 n of
Seringapatam. Lon. 76 53 e, lat. 13
36 N.
Serait a town of European Tin-key,
capital of Bofnvi, and the fee of n ca-
tholic biftiop, appointed by the king of
Hungary. It is large and commercial,
.nnd feated on the river Bofna, 10,0
miles W8W of Belgrade. Lon. 19 15 e,
lat. 44 1 i. N.
Serampour, a town of Hindooftan, in
Bengal, feated on the Hoogly, 1 z mileS
N of Calcutta.
Strchio, a rivtr of Italy, which rifes
in the duchy of Modena, crofles the
territory uf Lucca, and enters the gulf
of Genoa.
Serdobel, a town of Ruflia, in the go-
vernment of Wiburg, on the lake La-
doga, 60 miles NNt of Wiburg Lon.
30 15 E. lat. (5 1 45 M.
Herfd, or Steered, a town of Hungary,
on the river Waag, 30 miles EJfE of
Prelbnrg.
Serfo, or Serfimiei an ifland of the
Archipelago, j« miles nw of Naxia.
!t is tight mil^s long artd five broad,
^nd full of mountains and rocks, in
wbict> are mine§ of* iron aud loadRone.
The Inhabitant! aie all OrNlM» tnd
have but one town, called St. NicholOt
which i« a poor place. Lon. a j 10 1»
lat. 37 19 K.
fftrifgt a town of Ruflta, in tbe go*
vernnitntof Nixnel Novogorod,48mjln
8 k nt Niznei Novo^orod.
Seri^pfjft a province on the coaft of
Brafil, to the a of Fernambuco. It
produces fugar and tobacco in conflde-
rable quantltici» and has Tome fil««r
mines.
^rgipPV* * feaport of Brafil, capital "
of the province of the fame Aamei
feated at the motlth of theSergippy, tto
miles NB of St. Salvador. Lon. 37 44
w, lat. 1% 10 a.
Serignaitt a town of France, hi the
department of Herault, at the mouth of
the Ombre, in the gulf of Lyon, eight
mites SB of Beziers.
Seringapatam, »>r Patana^ a clty.<cf
Hindooftan, japital of the s diftriA of
Myfore, and lately of the whole couii-'
try. It is fituate in an ifland, three
miles long and one broad, formed by
tlie Cavery, which is here a lai^e and
rapid river, with a wide and rocky chan«
nel. The ftreets are narrow and con-
fufcd; and the generality of the honfea
me>n. The palace is very large, and
fiirrounded by a mafly wall of ftone
and mud Without the walls of the
city are two gardens and palaces ; and
near to one of them ftands the maufb<
Icum of Hyder, where his fon alfo rC'*
pofes in ftate. In the fpace between
the city and the two gardens is the
ftiburb called Shahal* Ganjam, which ia
;^'<pidly increafing on a regular plan*
Ttie city is ftrongly fortified ; notwith-
ftanding which, lord Gomwallis, in
179 J, here compelled Tippoo to flgn a
treaty, by which he ceded half c/ his
dominions, and agreed to pay a vaft
fum of money to the Englifli nnd their
allies : and a new war taking place in
1799, the Britiih troops carried the fort
by an a(T|iilt, in which Tippoo was
kiilcd. The city and the ifland have
fince been retained by the EngKih,
toward the fupport of the late fultan'a
family. Seringapatam is 10 miles K of
Myfore, and 290 w by s of Madras.
Lon. 76 50 E, lat. 12 24 N. i
Serongy a town of Hindooftan, in
Malwa, celebrated for its manufaAure
of painted cottons and chintzes; It is
140 miles ENE of Ougein. Ldn. 78 4
B, lat. 24 j N.
Serpa, a town of Portugal, in Alen-
tejo, with a caftle, feated on a ragged
eminence, near the GuadiaiUi 38 onles
a by EofEvora.
Serrnvalit, z town rxf Ilaly, in Trc*
ynhnOf with a caftk*. It ii.iH cloth,
woollen, and filk man ufad) urea, and a
Irtdc in corn, wine, nnd honey. The
catiicilral contains fumt: fine paintings,
and the church of St. Angufta is a
noble edifice. It is Htu.itc between two
mountains, and at the ii[>urce of the
Mufchio, aa miie« n of Trevifo.
Strrttt a town of France, in the de-
INurtment of Upper Alps, 23 miles sw
of Gap'
Servia,- a province of European Tur-
key, 190 miles long and 95 broad ;
bounded on the n by the Danube and
Save, which feparate it from Hungary.
K by Bulgaria, s by Macedonia and
Albania, and w by Bofnia. It is divid-
ed into four fangiacatua ; Belgrade, Se-
mendriah, Scupiai and Cratowo. BeW
grade is the capital.
iSViiA, a new department of France,
including the territories of Vcrcelli and
Mafferano in Piedmont, and that part
of the Milanefe lying w of the river
Tefin. It has its name from a river,
which rifes iu the Alps on the borders
of Vatais, and joins the Po, below Cafal.
The; chief town is Vercelli.
Sesjiacbt a town and caftle of Fran-
conia, in the principality of Bamberg,
16 miles N of Bamberg.
Sestot a town of Italy, in the Mila-
nefe, fcated on the Tefui, where it ilfues
from the lake Maggiorc, 25 miles wnw
of Milan.
Satof, a ftrong caftle of European
Turkey. J^ee Da^dnneiles.
Seitre, Grand, or Great Paris, a town
of Guinea, on the Grain coaft; near
which is Petit Scitre. It is one of the
largeft and molt commercial towns in
the country. Lon. 7 o w, lat. 4 50 n.
Sejtri di Levante, a town of the ter-
ritory r^' Genoa, fcated on the E flde of
a bay, 30 miles bsk of Genoa.
Serttheou, a city of Chnia, of the firft
rank, in the province of Koei-tcheou.
it is fituate among mountains, which
yield cinnabar and quickfilver, 980 miles
sdw of Peking- Lon. 108 25 e, lat. 27
10 K.
iS«/fv4«w, a province of China, bound*
cd on the n by .Chen-fi, k by Hou-
quang, s by Kci tchcou, and w by
Tibet. It is watered by the Kian-ku ;
and is rich, not only on account of the
great quantity of lilk it produces, but
alfp in- iron, tin, lead, amber, fugar-
canesi lapis lazuli, muik, rhubarb, &c.
Tching-tou is the- capital.
Sqteefy a town of Algiers, in the pro-
vince of Conftatitina. It was the an-
cient Sitipba, capital of a part of Mau-
8 E V
ritania ; but fcarcely a fragment it
of itN former grcatncfs, except the fouu-
tains ; the few remaining ftru(flurcs being
obvioudy the work of later inhabitants.
It is jo miles sw of Conftantina. Lon.
5 36 E, ht. 35 58 N.
Sftimo, a town of Piedmont, feated
on the Po, eight miles n of Turin.
Setlege, a river of Hindooftan, the
mod eullerly of Ihe five ealtem branches
of the Indus. About midway from its
fource, it receives the Beyah, at Firofe«
pour, and joins the Indus a^ Veh.
Sette, a town of Guinea, in the coun-
try of Gabon, which has a great trade
in logwood, fent in vcfTeis to Mayamba.
It (lands on a river of the fame name,
60 miles from its mouth, and no nnb
of Mayambu. Lon. le 20 k, lat. 208.
Settenil, a town of Spain, in Granada,
eight miles N of Kouda, and 38 Nw of
Malaga.
Settia, a town of the ifland of Candi.i,
and a Greek billiop's fee, 48 miles esk
of Candia. Lon. 26 a e, lat. 1)5 3 N.
Settle, a town in W Yorkfhire, with
a market on Tuefday. About two
miles to the e is Attennire Cave, con-
taining numbcrlefs chinks and recefles,
fluted pillars and hanging petrifaAions.
At the nke diftance to the N is Gig-
glcfwick Well, a reciprocating fpring,
which will Ibmetimes rife and fall near
a foot, in a ftone trough about a yard
fquare, every ten or fifteen minutes.
Settle is feated on the Kibble, 38 miles
MNW of Halifiix and 235 of. London.
Setuvai. See U6eSf St.
Seven Llands, iflands in the Frozen
ocean, lying in Ion. 18 48 B, lat. 80 31
N. Here captain Phipps, with the
Raceliorfe and Carcafs, were furrounded
by the ice, from the ift to the 10th of
Auguft 1773, when a briik wind at nne
eftVdeo their deliverance.
Seven Islands, illands near the coaft
of Canada, on the N fide of the moi)th
of the river St. Lawrence, at the en-
trance of u fmall bay. Lon. 66 5 w, lat.
50 10 N.
Seven Llandsy Heputlie of% compofed
of feven ifles in the Mediterranean fea,
on the weftern coaft of Greece, namely
Corfu, Paxu, St.. Maura, Theaki, Cefa-
lunia, Zante, and Cerigo. Thefe iflands
belonged to Venice, and on the fall of
that republic were occupied by the
French, but were taken from them by
the Rufiians, who, in 1800, formed
them into a republic, which was recog-
nifed by the treaty of Amiens. The
gDvernment k ariftocfatical ; and the
religion, that of the Greek church ; but
the Roman catholic . religion \\ pra-
te
-is
ba
fc)
Se
S E V
teAed, and all otberi tolerati d. Corfu
- ii the feat of government.
SevenbergtHt a town of Dutch Kra*
bant, lately a lordihip belonging to the
grincc of Orange, eight nailes wnw of
rcda.
Srvenoah, a town in Kent, with a
market on Saturday. liore ii n free-
fchool, firft ereAed by flr William
Sevenoaks, lord mayor of London in
1418, who is faid to have been a found-
ling, charitably educated by a perfon
of thifl town. Queen Elifabeth having
augmented its revenues, it was called
Queen Elifabeth'e School | and the
whole was rebuilt in 1737. Near this
town is Knok, an anc'ent palace of the
fee of Canterbury, which archbifhop
Cranmer exchanged with the crown
for other lands, and quern Elifabeth
gave to Thomas lord Buckhurft, after-
ward earl of Dorfet. In 1450, the
rebel John Cade tiefeatetl the royal
army near this town. It is fix miles
NW of Maidftone, and 2a sse of London.
Srvert St. a town or France, in the
department of Landes, feated on the
Adour, 20 miles e of Dax, and 65 s by
s of Bourdeaux
Severac, a town of France, in the
department of Aveiron, on the river
Aveiron, near its fource, 25 miles £ of
Rodcz.
Severing a town of European Turkcjy,
in Walachia, on the Danube, fix miles
w of Czcrnetz.
Severina, St. a fortified town of Na-
ples, in Calabria Uiteriore, and an arch-
bifhop's fee. It is featcd on a craggy
rock, on the river Neto, eight miles
from the Tea, and 45 sk of Rufiano.
Lon. 17 14 B, lat. 39 15 N.
Severino, St. a town of Italy, in the
marauifate of Ancona, feated between
two mils, on the river Potenza, 13 miles
wsw of Macerata.
Severino, St. a town of Naples, in
Principatr Citeriore, on the river Sarno,
10 miles W3W of Policaftro.
Severn, a river which has its rife in
thej)iountain of Plynlimmon, in Wales.
Flowing firft acrofs Montgomeryftiire,
it enters Shropfhire above the Brythen
kills, and is navigable in its whole courft:
through this county; it then enters
Worceitctihire, and runs through its
whole length, into Gloucefterihire. In
its courfe it waters Llanydlos, Newton,
Welflipool, Shrewsbury, Bridgenorth,
Bewdley, Worcefter, Upton, Tewkef-
bury, Glouceller, and Newnham, where
it begins to widen confiderabiy; and
entering the fea, its mouth is called the
Briftol Channel. This river has a com-
8 E V
municatibn with the Tl aire V*PfWr,
the Dee, and the Meifef, jf diibrcnt
canals.
Severn, a river of Mu-yland, which
waters Annapolis, and enters by a broad
eftuary into Chcfapeak bay.
Sevemdroox, a fmnll ifland of Hindoo-
ftan, on the coaft of Concan. Here wai
a flrong fort that belonged to Angria the
pirate, which was taken by coinmodoiv
James, in 17^16. U'is 68 milei* by B
oi Bombay.
Severo, St- a town of Naples, in Ca-
pitanata, feated in a plain, 26 miles w
by N of Manfiedonia, and 75 ne of Na-
ples.
Severus' fVall, commonly called Gra-
ham's Dike, in the w of Scotlanu. It
h a work of the Romans, fuppofed to
be done by the emperor whofe name It
bears, to prevent the incurfions of the
Pifts and Scot*. It began at Abercom,
on the frith of Forth, four miles ke of
Linlithgow, and ran w to the fiith of
Clyde, ending at Kirkpatrick, near
Dumbarton.
Seviirni/, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Ardennes, la miles NW of
Rethel.
Sifville, a city of Spain, capital of An-
dahifia, and an archbifhop's fee, feated
on the Guadalquiver. It was the ca-
pital of the kingdom, till Philip 11 efta-
blifhed his court at Madrid, as a more
centrical pofition. Seville is of a round
form, fortified by ftrong walls flanked
with high towers, and takes up more
ground than Madrid, although it now
ha3 not above Ho,ooo inhabitants. The
Phenicians called it Hifpatis, and it is
the Julia of the Romans, who embel-
lilbed it with many magnificent build-
ings. The Moors built an aquedud,
(till to be fcen, fix miles in length.
The cathedral is by fome fuppofed to
be the largefl church in the world next
to St. Peter's at Rome; the fteepk it
of curious workmanlhip, and extremely
high, confiding of three towers, one
above another, with galleries and bal-
conies. The churches and convents are
opulent and beautiful ; of the latter,
that of St. Francis is adorned with a
handfome public fquarc, in the midft
of which is a fine fountain. The uni-
verfity confifts of many colleges; and
the profelFors enjoy ricJi pcnfions. The
royal palace called Alca/ar, was partly
built after the antique by the Moors,
and partly in the modern tafle by«king
Pedro ; it is a mile in extent, and
flanked by large fquare tower*, built
with ftones, taken from the ancient
temple of Hercules. HerC' il » fuui.-
S E Z
dmf^ Mi one of the largf ft depots for
»itul«ry in the kuvgdom. The princi'
pal manfifaAiires are fiik } and ftchind
\he Alcazar, is a royal fniiff manufac-
ture, which is ftri^lly examined and
guarded. The exchange ic a fqiiare
building of the Tufcan order, each front
loo feet in length and three flioritro
high. THe townhoufe is adorned whlv
a great number of ftatues, and thereis
4 Targe fquare before it, with a 6n«
fountain in the middle. Thtre are 1 20
bofpitaU richly endowed. The fuburb
^ Triano ftandson the other fide of the
river, over which is a long bridge of
boats In this fuburb the houfe of the
Inquifition is placed; and there are
Sublic walksi where moft of the inha-
itants go to take the vr. The Btua-
tion of Seville rendeis it one of the
moil commercial towvts of Spain. All
the trade of that kingdom with' the
Kew World centered originally ip its
port; but that of Cadiz having been
found more commodious, the gallAtns
hftve failed fi'om that place fince ijrao.
Such vaft employment did theAn^erican
trade give at one period, that in Seville
alone there were nr) fewer than 16,000
looms in (ilk or woollen work ) but, be-
fore the end of the reign of Philip in,
they were reduced to 400. The coun-
try around is extremely fertile in corn,
vine, &c. and there is abundance of
oil ; for to the w of the river is a grove
of olive-trees, .10 miles in length. Se-
ville is 45 miles from the Atlantic, and
ail ssvv of Ma«Jr;d. Lon. 5 59 w, hit.
37 »4 N.
Stvrest Two, a department of France,
including part of the late provinct:. of
Poitou. It is fo named from two rivers
that rife here ; <i»?, called Sevre Nior-
tois, flows w by It. Maixent, Niort, and
Marans, into th" oay of Bifcay, oppofite
the ifle of P.«; ; anU the other, named
Sevre N'.ntoif takes a nw diredlion,
paiTes by Cliflon, and enters tlie river
Loire, oppofite Nantes. Niort is tiie
capital.
S.iualicki a chain of mountains in
Afia, bordering on the country of Siri-
tiagur and the province of Delhi. At
Hudw.ir, the Ganges forces its way
throug.; this ridge into the plains of
Hmdrntftan.
Seystel, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Ain. It is divided into
two parts by the Rhone, which here
begiM to be navigable, and is 14 miles
M by £ of Belley.
Sezatiru, a town of France, in the d>
Bftrtment of Mame, 27 miles Mw of
Troy«i» ftod 6i se of Foj^U.
S H B
Snxat a town of Naples, in Terrs dj
Lavoro, 14 mik^s uw of Capua.
Shakur, a town of S^vpt, on the w
branch of the Nile, 48 miles se of Alex*
andris, and 50 nnw. of Cairo.
Shafubur»fi a borough in PorfetihtrCf
governed by a mayor» with a market
on Saturday. It (lands on a hill, wher«
watt r is fo fcarce, that the poor get »
living by ifetching it from a great dif>
tance; and it had formerly 10 pariih
churches, which are now reduced to
three. It is 35 mJlei nne of Dorcbef-
ter, and too w by » of London.
Shaft iiuKjft a town of Vermont, in
B?nnin^*on county, 10 miles n of Ben<'
nington.
S&ahar, or Sahar, a feaport of Arabia,
in Hadramaut, 1 10 miles ssw of Shibam,
Lon. 48 40 K, lat. 13 50 N.
Shahjehanpourt a town of Hindooftan,
\n Malwa, 2o miles ke of Ougein, and
196 s of Agimere.
Sham. See Damastus.
Shannotit the largeft river of Ireland,
which iflues from Lough Allen, in the
county of Leitrim« and running s di*
vidcs the provinces of Leinfter and
Cnnnaught; it then turns ^w, palTes
by the city of Limerick, and enters the
Atlantic ocean, between tbe counties of
Clare and Limerick.
Sbap, a village in Weftmorland, at
the fource of the Loder, between Or-
ton and Pennth. It had once a famous
abbey, which ftood about a mile w from
the church, of which little remains,
except the tower of its church, and the
ruins of a bridge. In the vicinity are
fome grest (tones, like pyramids, placed
almoit in a dired line, for a mile toge-
ther, from ten to twelve yards didancc,
of fuch immcnfe weight, that carriages
now in ufe could not fupport them.
Shapinshot one of the Orkney iflands,
lying three miles froth the nk part of
Pomona- It is feven miles long and
five broad, fomewhat in the form of a
crofs. The coalls are level and pro-
duce grafs and corn, but the middle
part is high and (it only for ilieep paf-
ture.
Sharfsburg, A town of Maryland, in
Waili.'ngton county, two miles from
the Potomac, and 60 nw of Wafbing-
ton.
Sheernets, a m:(titime town in Kent,
on the N point of the ifle of Shepey, ftt
tac mouth of the Midway, three miles
N of Queenborough. A fort was built
'.lere by Charles u, after the infult of
the I>4itch, who burnt the men of
war at Chatham, in 1667 ^ and it has
6ac« b«en conOder^bly augmented wi
et, in Terr« di
irpt, on the w
let SK of Alex,
airo.
n Porfetfhtrci
rith a market
n a hilU wher«
he poor get a
D a great dif»
!riy lo parUh
ir reduced to
B of Oorcbef"
mdon-
Verninnt, in
liles N uf Ben«'
;)oitof Arabisi
iSwofShibam,
ofllindoollan,
I Ougeini and
^er of Ireland,
I Allen, in the
running s di*
Leinfter and
ns ^w, paflTes
and enters the
:be counties of
eftmorland, at
, between Or-
once a famous
a mile w from
ittle remains,
lurch, and tht;
le vicinity are
ramids, placed
II a mile togo
rards diftancc,
that carriages
[)ort them-
•rkney iflands,
le NK part of
leR long and
the form of a
evel and pro-
it the middle
or flieep paf-
Maryland, in
miles from
of Walbing-
own in Kent,
of Shepey, at
y, three miles
fort was built
the infuU of
the men of
; and it has
ignue^tc^} and
SHE
ftrengthened. There is alfo an ordnance
ofiire, a dock-yard, and a chapel.
Sheffield, a town ir W YorkOiire,
with a market on Tuefday. It has
three cburchtR, nine meetmg-hbufcSi
and a Romilh chapel ; alfo a large infir-
mary and fevcral charitable foundations.
This town has been long celebrated for
its various hardware manufadlures,
which conillt particularly of cutlery
ware, plated goods, and buttons. Here
are alio lead workst and a cotton mill,
andv the neighbourhood abounds with
coal. It is feated at the conHux of the
Sheaf with the Don, which is navigable
within three miles of the tow.i. The
mafter-cutlers are about 600, incorpo-
rated by the ftyle of the Cutler* of Hal-
lamfhire; and the number of inhabitants
in 1801 was 31,314. It is 54 miles ssw
of York, and 162 nnw of London. Lon.
I 29 w, lat. S3 20 N.
S/ieffieJd, a town t)f Maflifchufets, in
Berkrbire county, on the b lide of the
Houfatonic, 145 miles w by s of Bofton.
Sheffordi a town in Bedfordfhire, with
a market on Friday, feated on the Ivel,
nine miles se of Bedford, and 41 m by
w of London.
Shelburnet a town of Nova Scotia, at
the head of a hay called Port Rofeway.
It extends two miles on the water fide,
and one mile backward, with wide
ftrccts crofling each other at right an-
gles. The harbour is deep, capacious,
and fecure. About a Aiile from SheU
burnc, and feparated ^om it by a fmail
river, is the Black Town, peopled by
about i«oo free blacks, who ferved on
the royal lide during the American war.
Sliclburne is 100 miles sw of Halifax.
Lon. 65 o W; '.It. 43 46 N.
Shelfa, a town of Morocco, which
none but Mahometans are allowed to
enter. It is four miles p. of S;iile.
She/lif, the iargeft river of the king.
dom of Algiers, which takes its rife in
the defert, flows n through the lake
Titeri, then turns to the w and ent.-rs
the Medit' rranean to the n of Mufta-
cam. In ifs courfe it receives the
Midroe, Harbeene, Toddah or Silver
River, the Archew, Mina, Warifia, and
Fagia.
Shepherdi Lies, a clufler of iflands,
part of the New Hebrides, in the Pacific
ocean, to the s of Maiicollo. Lon 1 68
4a E, lat. ;6 58 s.
Shefiterdttoiun, a town of Virginia,
In Berkley county, feated on the Poto-
mac, at the influx of the bhenandoah,
60 miles WW of Alexandria.
Skeppry, an iO^nd in Kent, at the
novtl) of tbe Tliames. feparated fs^im.
S H S
the maiirlaml by a branch of the Mcd^
way, called the Eaft Swaie. It yiciili
plenty of corn, and feeds nnmcrowi
flocks of fheep. It contains the borou^
of Queenborough and. tjhv: fort 0/ Sheer«
nefs. , '
Shfpton Mal/et, a town in Somerfet-
fliire, with a market onr Friday, and 4
confiderable manufa^ure of woollen
cloth. It is feated under the Mendipr
hills, 17 miles sw of Bath, and j 16 w of
London.
Sherborth a town in Donetlhire, with
a market ou Thurfday and Saturday.
It was formerly a bifltop's fee, and had
three churches, though now but one, •
which was the cathedral, and in it are
interred the Saxon kings Ethelbald andf
Ethclbert. It had alfo a caftleand an
abbey, now in niins. Here is a free-
fchool founded by Edward vi; alfo
two filk mills, and a linen manufaAurc,
It is feated on the Parret, 16 mile* il
by w of Dorchefter, and 116 w by s of
London. Lou. a 41 w, lat. 50 $4 n.
Sherbroi a fort of Guinea, featfcd at
the mouth of Sherbro river, which fe-
parates the country oi Sierra Leone
from the Grain coaft. It bctong* to
the Englifli, and is 100 miles sk (^ th«
mouth of the river Sierra Leone. Lon.
now, lat. 7 o N. ,
Sl^erburn, a town in W York(hii«,
with a market on Friday, feated on the
Werk, which foon joins the Oufe, 16
miles sw.of York, and 1^9 n hy w of
London. '
Sherburn. See Nantucket.
Sherezur, * town of European Tuiv
key, in Curdiftan. the reiidence of «
pacha. It is 160 miles n- by e of Bag-
dad. Lon. 45 45 t, lat. 35 46 M.
S/ierl^-muir, a heath of Scotland, in
Pertlifliire, near Duiublane; famous for
a bloody bin undecilive battle, in 1715,
between the roynl army under tbe duke
of Argyle, and the rebel forces under
the earl of Ma*-.
S/ienfjei, a town of Algiers, in the
province of Mafcara, formerly of great
importance, but now in ruins. It ia
faid to have been deftroyed by.an earth-
quake, and that the arl'enal and many
other buildings were precipitated into
the harbour; the ruins being ftill vifible
at low water.- It i." built after the
Moorifh manner ; and is famous for itt
pottery, and its fteel and iron manufac-
tures. It is 60 miles w by s of Algie^j,
Lon. 2 48 t, lat. 3a 42 N.
IShetland, the general name of about
40 illands, lying lou miles xns 0/
Caithnefsniirc, in Scotland, between 59
56 and 61 II 2{ lat. The naniffS of tbe
SHI
Srificfpai are Mainland, Yell, Unft,
reflay, and Fula. The tlefcriptioii
gi^en of the largeft, or MahilanJy will
give an idea of the others; and ; lie par-
ticulars of the climate, inhabitnnts, &c.
are much the fame as in the Orkneys.
Shetland unites with Oi'.ncy in forming
one of the counties of Scotland.
Shevas;unga, a town of Hindooftan,
in Myfoie, 25 miles nw of Bangalore.
Shlbamy a city of Arabia, capital of
the province of Hadramaut, and the re-
fidence of a powerful Iheik. It is 300
miles E of Sana. Lon. 49 40 k, lat. 15
»5N.
Shields, North, a feaport in North-
umberland, on the river Tyne, near
its month, with a market on Wednef-
day. Its has wide and airy ftreets in
every direction, and, with South Shields
on the oppofite fide of the river, may
be deemed the port of Newcaftle, for
the largeft veffels are ftationed here to
take in their lading, which is brought
down in barges and lighterr. It extends
to Tynemouth on the e, and many ele-
gant detached manfions are eredlcd in
the neighbourhood. The number ^of
inhabitants in 1801 was 7280. It^is
feveii' miles E by n of Newcaftle, and
376 N by w of London. Lon. i 4 w,
lat- 54 58 N.
■ • Shields- South, a town in the county
of Durham, on the river Tyne, oppofite
North Shields, with which place it en-
joys all the advantages of trade and
commerce in common with Newcaftle.
It confifts principally of one narrow
ftreet, two miles in length, with an
op<?n fquaru near the middle. Many
trading vefl'els are built here, and it has
very confiderable fait works, and feve-
ral giflfs works. TIk^ number of inha-
hitantsin 1801 was 8 103. It is 19 miles
NNK of Durham, .ind ^75 n by w of
London.
Shifnal, a town in Shropftiire, with a
market on Friday, nine miles nk of
Bridgenorth, and 143 nu' of London.
Shin, Loch, a lake of Scotland, in the
s part of Sutheri .ndftiirc, 15 miles long
;ind twoi broad. At its sk extremity
ilTues the rapid liver Shin, which flows
into the head of the frith of Dornoch.
SItippensburg, a town of Pennfylvania,
in Cumberland county, on a branch of
Conetlogwinnet creek, which flows into
the Sulquehaona, ai miles wsw of Car-
liflc.
Shipston, a town in a detached part
of Worci'fterftiire, furrounded by War-
wickfiiire, witl\ a market on Friday ;
feated on the Stour, 14 miles w of Ban-
bury, and 83 NW of London.
S H R
Sblrasr^T Shirauz, a city of Perfia,
capital of Farliftan. It is feated at the
end of a fpacious plains bounded on all
fides by lofty mountains ; and in about
,five miles in circuit, furrounded by a
wall, with round towers at the diftance
of eighty paces. The city is built of
brick, and adorned with many fine
mofques and noble edifices. Here are
many good bazars and caravanfaries,
alfo a manufadure of fwords. This
city was the feat of government under
the revered Kerim Khan, who erefted
many of the fine buildings in and near
this place. In its vicinity are numerous
fummerhoufes, with gardens ; and the
rich wines of Sbiras are deemed the
beft in all Perfia The tomb of the ce-
lebrated poet Hafiz is in a large garden
on the NE fide of the city, about two
miles from the wall 5 and at the foot of
the mountains, in the fame direflion, is
the tomb of Sadi ; alfo a remarkable
channel for water hollowed in a rock.
Shiras is 175 miles s by e of Ifpahan.
Lon. 52 40 "e, lat. 29 37 n.
Shoales, Isles of, feven fmall iflands
on the coaft of New Hampfliire. They
lie conveniently for the cod-fiftiery,
which was formerly carried on here to
great advantage.
Shogle, a town of Syria, with an ex-
cellent caravanfary, feated on the Afi,
18 miles s by F of Antioch, and 5 sw
of Aleppo.
Shoomska, one of the Kurile iflands,
three leagues s of Cape Lopatka, in
Kamtfchatka. Its inhabitants confift of
a mixture of natives and Kamtfchadales.
See Kuriles.
Shooters Hill, a village in Kent, fitu-
ate on a hill fo called, eight miles ese
of Lon«lon. From this eminence is a
very extenfive profpcdt, and the river
Thames makes a magnificent appear-
ance. On the w'part of the hill is a
triangular tower, eredtcd to comme-
morate the r('du(^ion, in 1756, of Se-
verndroog, a ftrong fort in Hindooftan :
it is called Scverndroog Caftle, and
contains Tome of the .nims, ornamenis,
&c. taken from the enemy.
Shoreham, a borough in Suflex, with
a market on Saturday. It is commonly
called New Shoreham, to diftinguifti it
from the Old, which lies near it, and ii
now of little account. It ftands on an
arm of the fea, into which veflels can
enter with the tide ; and many fmall
veflels are built h<ere. It is 19 miles
wNw of Newhaven, and 56 s by w of
London.
Shrewsbury, a borough and the ca-
pital of Shropftiire, with a market on
ity of Perfia,
fcated at the
junded on all
and iR about
ounded by a
t the diftance
ty is built of
ll many fine
es. Here are
caravanfaries,
tvords. This
rnment under
I who ercfled
fl in and near
are numerous
ens; and the
deemed the
mb ofthece-
large garden
y, about two
at the foot of
e diredlion, is
a remarkable
ed in a rock.
E of Ifpahau.
fmall iflands
)fliire. They
cod-filhery,
id on here to
t, with an ex-
I on the Afi,
h, and 5 sw
urile iflands»
liOpatka, in
int8conf?ftof
imtfchadales.
Kent, fitu-
ht miles ese
Tiinence is a
nd the river
:ent appear-
the hill is a
to comme-
756, of Sc-
lindooftan :
Caftle, and
ornamenis,
Suflex, with
8 commonly
iiflioguifh it
ar it, and is
[lands on an
vcflels can
many fmall
is 19 miles
s by w of
md the ca-
market on
SHU
Wedneidny, ThurMnlr, m)4 SataHay.
It i» featcd on « pemnfula tbrmed by
the Severn, over wfiidi «r«j two bridges ;
and is furrouadcd by a walU in which
are three gates- Here was formerly a
caftle and abbeys both aow in ruins. It
coDtsins five churches* and is governed
by a KMiyor. , The nuonber of inhabit-
ants in I Sot was 16,65 1. H^e are iz
iiK.'orporat«cl trading conpanies. and
fome of tht«in have neat lialk. It is the
chief mart for a coarfe ikind of wocdien
doth, made in Montgoffieryfliirc, called
Welifa webs ) and for alt <orts of WeK<h
comoKiditieSt which are generally bought
in a rough ftate at WeUhpool, *»d
iiniihed here. \t is alfo famous for its
excellent brawn and Plicate cakes;
and in the environs is a large manufac-
ture of coiirfe Hnrns. Here is a free-
fchool founded by Edward vi, and
atterward rebuilt and more largely ea-
dowed by queen £Ufabeth. In 1183,
Edward 1 held a parliament here, when
the lords (at in the caftl«, and the com-
mons in a bam. Auot^r pr.rliflment
T/as held here iii 1397, by Kicliard ti.
Near this town in 1405, was foudit the
battle iMctween Hcary iv and Henry
Percy, nkkmiKied Hotfpur, in which
the latterwas defeated and flain. Shrewf-
bury is 40 mile* ssc of Chefter, and
IJ5 kW of Loudon. Lob. 141 w, Ut.
5» 4J »•
Shrevfshurg, a town of New Jerfey,
in Monmouth couaty» with three edifices
for pubJic worfhip. It is a place of
genteel nefort in the fummer months,
and kiA(iiA. neeu* the icacoaft, 45 miles e
by N of Trenton.
Shrtprhire, a county of England, 50
miles long and 40 broad ; bounded 011
the N by Cheshire and a detached part
of Flintjfhire, s by Staffbrdfliire. sc by
Worceft«rfliire, s bv Herefordihire. sw
by Radnorihire, and w by the counties
<ii Montgomery and Denbigh. It con-
tains 849,940 acres ; is divided into 15
hundreds, and tSf parifhes; has 17
market-towns } and fends ta meml)er8
to parliament. The number of inha-
bitants in 1801 was 167,639. The foil
16 generally fruitful, efpecially in the s
and E parts, which oroduce plenty of
wheat and barley; but the s and w
being mountainous, xi left fertile, yet
yield fufficient pa^'ture for (heep and
cattle. This county aiNHmds with lead,
copper, iron, limeitone* fvnftone, pipe-
clay, bitumen , and coal. Tbe principal
rivers are the Severn- and the Tend.
The capital is ShrewAury.
SAimUia, a ftronK town ai European
Turkejri in VfJfarif . It oonmanda
SI A
the pafs over the mountaiv^ and is 14*
miles Kdw of Conftantincpk.
t^kutejhwyt a town of iAafladiuiettfft
in Hamp'hire county, on the & fide ^
the Conn, t^icut, 16 miiek M mb of Nortli*
ampton.;
Siam, a kingdom of A6a, boundciT
on the N by China, e by Laos and
Cambodia, s by the gulf of Siam, and
w by tbe bay of Bei^gal, Pegu, aitd
Birmah. It is 6jo miles in length, md
050 in breadth) though in fome placea
not above 50 { and is divided into tbe
Upper and Lower. The principal rjver
is the Menan, which flows s through
its whole length into the gulf of Siam.
It is a flat country, and in the rainy
ieafon is ovwRow^ by tbe river; for
wbich reafon moft #f the boufes am
built of bamboos upon pofts, and have '
no communication for fome montba
but by hotts. There; are mii^es of gold*
filver, iron, leadi tii|t and copper; and
plenty of pepper, rice, cotton, aloef,!if
bei^jamin, and muflt. The tame cattle
are beeves, bufTalos, and' hogs; tbe
woods abound with elephants, rhinoot-
rofes, leopardstand tigeici; befide which
there are crocodiles and large fcrpents.
The Siamefe, both men and vomen» go
almoft naked, having only a piece of
calico, or Glk, girded round tbehr
waifts ( but the better fort wear 'rich
gurijiients. They are fmall, but well
Ihaped, have large foreheads, little nofes,
bandfome mouths, plump lips, and
black (parkling eyes. The men are of
an olive colour, with little beards ; but
the women are of a ftraw complexion,
and fome have their cheeks a little rcd>
They arc refpeAful to the aged ; beg-
ging is difh' torable, and theft inm->
mou9 ; adultery is very rare. The fur-
niture of their houfes is as fimple as
their drefs and diet ; 'which Jjaft confifta
^chiefly of rice and fiih. Though an
"indolent people, they are ingenious,
and excel in the fabrication of gold* b^
fireworks, and in miniature painting.
The king ibows himfelf but once a yeail^
to the common people. He is proprisi-
tor of all tbe lands in the country, ^nd
keeps a numerous army, among which
are 3000 elephants. The religion of
the Siamefe refembles that of the Hin*
doos; and the tranfmigration of fuuU
forms an ciTential part of the doArinc.
Their temples and priefta are very nu-
merous; the latter ore diftinguiihed
from the laity by an orange-coloured
garment, and they keep their bsads^
beards, and eyebrows clofe ^avcd-
They have fchoola for the educativn tff
thmr cfaildrtn* and therr ia (ur9f uf
Sa
SIB
amon^ th^ but ciifi read arid write.
This country has been much oppreflTed
by the fiH-mans ; aiid in 1 793 the king
of Siam entered into a treaty of p4>acer
• by which he ceded the w maritime
, towns, on the bay of Bengal, to the
king of Birmah.
Siam, or Jut/iia, a city, capibd of u
kingdom of the fame name. It contains
a great number of temples, conventSi
chapelH, columns, and other decorations.
The king's palace, and fome others,
only exceed the common habitations by
occupying a more extenfive fpace, being
better conftniAed, and of a greater
height* but never exceed ene floor.
The Dutch have a factory here, and
merchants from different countries come
here to trade. In 1766, this city was
taken by the Birmans. It is iituate on
an ifland in the river Metian> 50 miles
N of its mouth in the gulf of Siam, and
360 SE of ^gtt. Lon. lOQ 50 E, lat. 14
18 N.
Sianf^ang, a city of China, of the
firft clals. in the province of Hon-
quang, on the river H.:q, 530 miles ssw
of Peking. Lpn. 11 1 40 f., lat. 32 5 n.
Siara, a province of Brafil, which
lies between thofc of Maragnan and Pe«
taguel. The capital, of the fame name,
bus a fort, on a mountain, near the
mouth of the river Siara. Lon. 39 ^^
w, lat. 3 30 8.
Siaskoi, a town of Ruflia, in the go«
vernment of Peterfburg, near the lake
Ladoga, 24 miles ne of New Ladoga.
Lon. 30 47 E, lat. 60 16 N.
Siberia, a country of Ada, compre-
hending the principal Aflatic part of
the Rufli-<n empire. . It is bounded on
the £ by the Pacific ocean, s by Great
Tartary, w by European Ruflta, and n
bjrthe Frozen ocean. It extends 3500
miles from g to w, and 1 200 from n to
s, containing the half of Alta. The s
part is fertile, producing all the necef-
faries of life ; but the n and e parts
are extremely cold, and thin of people,
prefentinir vaft marfhy plains, covered
with almoft perpetual fnow, and per-
vaded by enormous rivers, which, under
maffes of ice, purfue their courfc to
the Arctic ocean : there are alfo exten-
' five plains called ftepps, which are
■fumewhat fimilar to the Tandy deferts
of Africa. There are incxhauftible fti-
- refts of birch, alder, lime, &c. and mil-
lions of noble trees of the pine kind :
the Siberian plum and crab, the moun-
tain afb* Tartarian mulberry and honey-
. f»^*rand Daourian rofe, form thickets
of Pkqnifite beauty ; under flielter of
Mvhich anfe a multitude of plants, par-
SI c
ticularly the yelUMv farine lily and tlie
iibiricum ; the roots of the former are a
favorite food with the Tartarian tribes,
and from the dried ftalks of the other
the natives procure a faccharine efflor-
efcence, from which they make a coarfe
ardent fpirit. Thff principal riches of
Siberia confifts in fine Ikins and furs,
and mines of gold, filvef, iron, lead, and
copper. Several kinds of precious ftones
are found here, particularly topazes cf a
very fine luftre ; it alfo affords magnets
of an extraordinary fize, and even whole
motmtains of loadftone. Coal is dug up
in the m parts, and a yellowifli kind cf
alum_ is found in feveral mountains.
The inhabitants are of ths-ee forts ; the
natives of the country, Tartars, and
Ruflians. The former dwell in forefts
in the winter, and in the fummer on the
banks of rivers. Their garments are
the fkins of wild brails, and their riches
confift in bows, arrows, a knifc) and a
kettle. They all live in wretched huts,
which they remove from phice to place j
and make ufe of raindeer and dogs to
draw their fledges. Thofe in the fouth-
ern parts are not much more polite j
but they have horfes with which they
go a hunting, and their houfes, though
poor, are not (hifted from place to place.
Of this clafs of people, fonie have no
other religion than that of nature ;
others are pagans and Mahometans;
and fome of them have been converted
to Chriftianity by the RuflTian miflion.
aries. The Tartars who live in this
country are the moft cirilized of any
foreign nation in Siberia ; and thofe
Tartars who arc Mahometans are ftill
more fo than the pagan Tartars, of
whom there are many different hords or
tribes. The Ruflians fettled here arc
much the fame as in their native coun-
try. Siberia is the place to which cri-
minals, as well as perfons under tlie dif.
pleafure of the court, are commonly
banifhed from Kuflia. Through this
vaft tradl the Ruflian caravans travel
every year, with their merchandife, to
China. The principal rivers are the
Oby, Lena, Irtyfh, and Yenifd ; and
there are numerous lakes of frelh water,
and fome of a faliiie nature. Siberia
was reduced under the dominion of
Huflia about the clofe of the i6th cen-
tury : the w part of it is comprifed in
the governments of Tobolfk, Ufa, and
Kolyvan ; the E part, in the government
oflrkutfli.
Sicaly a tewn of Mexico, on the n
coaft of Jucatan, 70 miles nw of Me-
rida. Lon. 90 30 w, lat. 39 30 n.
Sichemt a town of the Netlierlande,
^rine niy and tic
»f the former are a.
I Tartarian tribes,
talks of the other
i faccharine efflor-
hey make a coarfe
>rincipal riches of
le fltins and furs,
fer, iron, lead, and
I of precious (tones
ularly topazes of a
fo affords magnets
zc, and even whofe
le. Coal is dug up
I yellowifli kind of
s¥cral monntains.
>f th?ee forts ; the
try, Tartars, ami
er dwell in forefts
the fummer on tlic
leir garments are
Us, and their riches
iws, a knife, and a
5 in wretched huts,
fom phice to place ;
ndeer and dogs to
rhofeinthefouth-
mch more polite;
} with which they
leir houfes, though
rem place to place.
iple, fonie have no
1 that of nature ;
ind Mahometans;
ive been converted
,e Ruffian miffion-
who live in this
t civilized of any
Iberia ; and thofe
ihometans are ft'tU
jagan Tartars, of
y different hords or
s fettled here are
their native coun-
►lace to which cri*
Pons under the dlf-
;, are commonly
la. Through this
n caravans travel
r meichandife, to
al rivers are the
nd Yenifei; and
Ikes of frefh water,
nature. Siberia
the dominion of
a of the 1 6th con-
t is comprifed iii
obollk, Ufa, and
lin the governmeni
^lexico, on the n
\iles NW of Me-
lat. 3930 N.
Ithe NctUerlandii,
S I D
in Brabant, to the s of which is a ce1e>
bratcd monaftery*' It ,b feaied on the
Demer, t8 nAiles i< of Mechlin.
Skiitf, An ifland in the Mediterra*
nean, Icparated from the kingdom of
Naples by a narrow channel, called the
Faro; and as MefTina is feated on it,
the Faro di Meffina. It is of a triangu-
lar form, terminating in three points or
capes ; that to the e is called Capo del
Faro, that to the s Capo PafTero, and
that to the w Capo di Boco. Sicily is
160 miles in length, and from 90 to
no in breadth. It has the tit)e of a
kingdom; and is divid«d into three pro-
vinces called Val di Mazara, Val di
Nota," and Val di Demona. The two
kiiyjdoms of Naples and Sicily are un-
der the fame climate, and the produc-
tions ar« much the fame; but Sicily
abounds much more in corn, particu-
lariy in the valleys of Noto and Mazara.
The valley of Demona has more forefls
and fruit trees than the two others. It
is famous for horfes and mules ; and the
cattle are all red, ftrong and compait,
with large horns. There are fnakes of
a great lizc in the forefls, afps and
fcorpions, whofe venom is very a(5\ive ;
and harmlefs lizards of a beautiful green
' colour. In this ifland the ancient prac-
tice of treading out com from the ear
is in ufe ; and here is the celebrated vol-
cano, called Etna. The numbers of
the clergy, which exceed 80,000, and
the multitude of the nobility, to whom
belong the criminal jurifdi(5lion over
Ihcir ftibjefts, with other rights equally
oppreflRve, are caufes of the poverty
and mifery of the natives of this coun-
try. The feat of government is at Pa-
lermo. See Naples.
Siclos, a town of Hungary, with a
caflle on a mountain, in which emperor
Sigifmund was imprifoned. It is xz
miles s of Funf kirchen.
• S'teqtut- See Seiks.
Sidayet a flrong town on the n coaft
of the ifland of Java, with a harbour,
{.on. 1 13 15 E, lat. 6 40 s.
Siderocapsa, a town of Europeaa
Turkey, in Macedonia, famous for a
gold mine in its neighbourhood. It is
five miles from the gulf of ContefTa, and
40 ESE of Salonichi.
Sidmoutb, a town in Devonfliire,
with a market on Saturday. It is much
frequented in the bathing feafon, and
was once a feaport, before its harbour
was choked up. It is feated on the
Englifli channel, a|^ the mouth of the
Sid, la miles se ox l^xeter, and 158 w
by s of London.
Sidon, See Saida, v> .
SI £
Sidtot a f^acious gulf of tbe Mediter-
ranean ocean, on the coaft of Tripol1|r
anciently called Syrtis. >>
Sitdenberg, a town of Weftph.nKa, iit'<
the county of Hoya, nine miles sw of
HoysK '
Sieghergt a town of Weflphalia, in
the duchy of Berg, on the river Sieg, 15
miles SE of Cologne.
Siegetiy a town and caflle of Ger-
many, in Wel^erwald, capital of a prin-
cipality belonging to the houfe of Naf-
fau. In the neighbourhood are iron-
mines, forges, and founderies. It is
feated on the Sieg, ,24 miles nw of
VVetzlar. Lon. 8 j «' f, lat. 50 47 N.
Sienna^ a. city of Tufcany, capital of
the Siennefe, and an archbifhop's fee,
with a univeriity and a citadel. It is
.•jbove four miles in circumference, and
furrounded by a wall. The Gothic
metropolitan church is built with black
and white marble, and the pavement is
of Mofaic work. Sienna w not very
populous ; but is adorned with a great
number of palaces, fountains, and fu-
perb churches. The great area is round,
and the houl*es about it are of the fame
height, fupported by piazzas, under
which people may walk in all weatherSi^
The Italian language \» fpoken here**'
with the greatcfl purity- It is feated on
three eminences, 26 miles s bf Florence,
and tao nnw of Rome. IfOnfii 11 t,
lat. 43 24 N. '%
Siennescy one of the three provinces
of Tufcany, 55 miles long and nearly as'
much broad, lying s of the Florentino,
on the Mediterranean. The &hI is
pretty fertile, efpccially in molbeny
trees, which feed a great number of ^k
worms, and there are feveral mineral
fprings. Sienna is the capital. 1
Siennoi, a town of Ruflia, in the go-
vernment of Mohilef, 60 miles nnw of
Mohilef. Lon. 29 45 E, lat. 54 30 N.
Sieri, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Mofelle, near the river Mo-
felle, 10 miles nnk of Thionville.
Sierra Leone^ a country in the w part
of Guinea, fo named from being moifn-
tainous, and the mountains abounding
in lions. Its liinits are from the Grain
coaft on the se, to Cape Verga on the
Nw; that is, between 7 and 10 M lat.
In the open and plain parts, on the
banks of a river of the fame name, the
heat of the fun, before any breeze arifes,
is almoft intolerable ; but as a refiefliing
gale conftantly fprings up about noon, it
renders the country fupportable. The
wet feafon, from May to October, is
tifbered in and terminated by ftormy
weather. The whole traCl, on each fide
b 8 a
SIG
the rit<t» it rick in rice and mtllet,
which it the chief fuftenance of th« in-
habduuits; and, upon tfat whiAe, it it
one 4f the beft couiitriet on the cotft.
The Ncgrot are in general of tniki ex-
ternal manners, ^d noted for meir
hofpitalitjr ; hat thef poflTefs a great
Jhare of pnde* and are eafily afRAed by
an infult. Of all the tribeSt thofe ivbo
ba«e embraced Mahometanifm are the
moft civilized and refpedable; and
thofe on the coaft, from their intcr-
courfe with the European Qave-faAon*
are much inferior in every thing, except
the art of saaking a bargain, to thofe
who re&de higher upi the country.
Siern^ iStmt, a river of Guinea, in
% country of the fame name. Ita fource
it uncertain; but its mouth, at Free-
town, is nine miles wide. In 1 791, an
aA of parliament was obtained, incor-
porating a conjpany, called the Sierra
Leone Company, fur the purpofe of
cultivating W India and other tropical
produAiona on the hanks of this river.
The firft fettlers amounted to zoo white
perfons, befide a number of free blacks
from Nova Scotia. In 179,^, the colo-
njfts were all putlnto pofleflioa of fmall
lots of land, and a new town, on a
I'^ular and extended fcale, was begun
to be built. The next year a French
fquadron dcftroyed the fettlement, and
captured feveisil of the compony'smips :
from this ^j^SjA^r they recovered ; .and
a fiiAorywaa eibiblifhed in the Rio
Fongoa, iiv. 1795. The colony, how-
cvctt'ftiil cotttiiuied to languiih. and, in
sfloS^^ was transferred feom the com<
pany to Us majefty-
merra JUorma, mountains of Spain,
which divide Andalufia from Eftrema-
dura and .New Caftiie. They are ren-
dered fhraous by the wars of the Chrif-
titnt and Mahometans, and fur being
the fcene where Cervantes has placed
the moll cnt^rtainiog adventures of his
h«rD>
Siget. See 2tget.
ifigifme:sa. bee Sugulmeua.
S^fJHttringen, ^ town and caftle of
Suabia, which gives name to a branch
of the houfe of Kohrnzollern. It is
feated on the Danube, 18 miles ess of
ilobenzollern.
Sigmuh * ^XTKn at Swiflcrland, in the
mtqoef Bern, is, miles sh of Bern.
SigtiMmt atuwn of Sweden, in Upland,
featra on the lake Maeler, 10 miles n of
SiguenzM, a town of Spain, in New
Caftw, and a bi&op'a fee, with a uni-
T«rfitn^ and a caftlie, in whi^ is «n
aifeML Th«Uiiir«rfitycoQ&ftstiffeTff-
S I L
rat colkget i but tke moft Mafidcrablc
ftrudlure is the «|lMrai- It is feate4
on a hill, at the fmit M Mount Atienc«,
65 miles NB of Madrid. Lob. a 51 w,
lat 40 58 V.
SiAoHt a river. See S^r,
Silagutta, a town of Hindppftan, in
Myfore, celebrated for ita kitchen-
gardens. Coarfe cotton cloths tie ma<tt
here, and feme tobacco grows in the
neigfabuuriiood. It is ao mitra vw «f
Colar, and 34 me of Bangaltre.
Silitrberg, a ftrotg t»w« of SileG^^
enclofed in the principalitv of Mu tftcr-
berg, bnt belonging to that of Brief.
It has a mine which yields lead ore mixed
with filver, and is 11 milet VMt of
Glat£.
iuUbeiter, a village !a Hampfliirc, Ci
miles N of Baiingftoke. It was once a
celebrated city, and ia faid to have been
the place were Arthur was crowned.
There are conliderable remains of its
walls and ditehes, eiteloiing an area of
80 acres ; and two military roads from
the s gate, one to Winchefter, and the
other to Old Sarum.
Silesia^ aducby.uf Germany, forme •
ly beloneing to the Hagdom of B>-
hemia. Tt is 200 miles long and 170
broad ; bounded on the k by Branden-
burg, B by Poland, s bjr Moravia, and
w bv Bohemia and Lufatia. The prin-
cipal rivers are, the Oikr, Bober, NeiiTr.
Queis, and Oppa. A long chain (x
mountains bound Sitefia on the w ; aiid
thehiglutft mountain, called Zotenberg,
is in the principality of Schweidnitz.
There are mines of coal, lead, co^^r,
and iron«.and quarries ol various ftones,
beiide antimonyr, faltpetre, fulphiu-,
alum, vitriol, quickfilver, agata, jafper,^
and even fome gems. The prucipai
manufadure ia linen dotli i and there
are aJfo fome woollen manufa^uret,
potteries, iron founderlea, and glafs-
houfes. In this country are a great
number of cattle, lai^ge ftuda of horfes,
and plenty of game in the woods ; alliia
a few lynxes, beara, foxes, otters, and
beavers. The are many lakes, full of
pike, carp, and other good fi(b; alf^
plenty of bees, which produce much
honey and wax. It aSbrds wheat,
maize, barley, oats, and millet, and in
Ibme places faiTron is cultivated; but
its wine ia bad, and chiefiy*tur9ed int»
vinegar. Silefia is divided into Upper
and Lower Silefta, aad the county of
Giat%. Ia Upper Silefia, W^ich u the
a part, the inhabitsMits arc generally
Rooian catholics* ij^king jhe Polifh
language : in the Lower, they are alraoft
ail proitftants, and fpeak their mH^vf
oft <«B&^«^1C
«!• It U (eate4
Mount Atienctb
. Lob. % 51 yff
Urr,
' Hindooftan* in
w it* kkchea.
clot^ Wf mictt
Q grows in tbc
30 mik« WW «f
rtgalore.
tnw« of Silefi4^
ility of Mu iftcr-
» that of Brief.
Ls lead ore mixed
mile* KMK of
I Hampfliirc, Cs
. It was once a
nid to have been
r wa« crownei).
i remains of its
ofing an area of
itary roads from
chefter, and the
ermany, forme >
ingdom of B*-
;s long and 1 70
e N by Brandcni'
by Moravia, and
iitia. The prin-
|r» Bob«r, NeilTr.
. long chain <a
I on the w ; aii4
died Zotonberg»
of Schwei4nit2.
1, lead, copper,
S various ftones^
>etre, fulphur,
r, agat«, Jafper*
The principal
otlii and there
inanufaAiu-e>«
ies, and glaft'
are a gTcat
uds qf horfest
lewoQds; alii»
les, otters* and
lakes, full of
ood fi(b; alfV
)roduce much
gords wheat,
millett and in
«ltivatc4; hut
fly'tumed into
ed into Upper
the co«»ty of
i, vvjtich is the
arc generally
Dg |be Polifh
hey are aimdt
t their m^n
rr
SIM
tdfigUK. This flQii(llt was ceded to
the king of PniflMM»' m 1743) by the
treaty or Breffau. Ill i8a^, Silelia was
overrun by the French,. but at th« peace
ofTiiruwasreftoredtoPruflia. Brcfluu
ia the capital-
Silhet, a towm of Hindooftan, capital
of a diftriA of the fanH; hame) in Bengal.
It is feated on the Sooriha* iso milea
St of Dacca. Lon. 91 57 e, lat. 33
5« ^' \^
Silijtna, or Drhtrtt, a town ofBtiro-
pean Turkey, in Bulgaria, and an arch-
bifhop's fee, with a cit»teh It is festtfA
on the Danube, at the influx of twt
MiffoTX), r^5 miles nve of Adrianople.
ton'. 27 6 E, lat. 44 is K.
Silkebur^, a town of Denmark, in N
Jutland. With a caftle, which was for-
merly of great ftrength, 18 miles w of
ArhufcH'
Silta, a town of Negroknd, in Bam-
bara, on the right bankof th« Niger, 75
miles NB of Sego.
Sillabmrt a feaport on the w eoaft of
Sumatra, with a good and fafe harbour,
30 miles &SE of Bencoolen. Lon. ict
zo E, lat. 4 o s.
Silk le GtnlUfunu, a town of France,
in the department of Sartc, 19 miles
Nw of Mrns.
i^ilUi, a town of Hindooftan, in
Bengal, fi-ated on the Subanrecka, 175
miles WKw of Calcutta. Lon. 85 54 b,
lat. :3 33 K.
Silvett a town of Portugal, in Algarve,
on a river of the fame name, 35 miles
WKW of Tavira.
Simancait a town of Sp<un, in Leon,
uith a ftrong caftle, in which Philip it
ordered the archives of the kingdom
to be kmt. It is fituate on the Douero,
et|ht miles sw c)f Vailadolid, and 60 ne
of Salamanca.
Simbirsk, a government of RufTin,
formerly a province of the kingdom of
KaCtn. The capital, of the fame name,
is feated on the Volga, 100 miles s by
w of Kafan. Lon. 48 34 k, lat. 54 xza.
Simiy the ancient iiynu*, an iQand in
the Mediterranean, between tho iHand
of Rhodes and the co^itinent, in a bay
of its name, la miles nw of Rhodes.
Lon. 27 33 E, lat. 36 35 N.
Simmem, a town of France, in the
department of Rhine and Mofelle, late-
ly of Germany, in the palatinate of the
Rhine; feated on the Simniern, 36 miles
s of Coblentz,
Simojfay., a town of Hindooftan, in
Myfore, writh a manufacture of coarfe
cotton clothe fituate on the Tunga, 34,
miles E by N of Nagara.
Simnsi Sti. an ifland of th« United
SIN .,
StilM, on tlw coaft of Oaofgi^ AtlR
mouth of the AUtamaha. It tt i j miUl
long and three broad, and vhas a town
called Frederica. >
SSmauthurfi, or 'Simont^rnya, a town
of Hungary, with a ftrong caftle, tak«n
from the Turks in 1686. It is l^tcd
on the Sarvita, 33 miles ssw of Buda.
Lon. 18 53 K, lat. 46 4^ V.
Sinai, a mountain of^Arabia Petrsea*
in a peninfula formed by the two arms
of the Red fca. Here Ood delivtred
the ktw to Mofies, (or which reafoii the
Mj^ometam tiold it, in great wnera-
tion'f and hete the *Chrit(iai>s bare a
monaftery, fnrroundrd byi|!'high wail,
and thofe that go in and o\it arc drawn
up and let down in baikcts. Lon. 3%
1$ K, lat. 49 3 M".
Sincapeur, an ifland and tow*, at the
moft fouthbrn extremity of the penin*
fula of Malaya, ft-om which it is fepa-
rated by a narrow channel, and to the s
it gives name to the narrow Tea, called
the Strait of Sincapour- Lon. 103 15
E, lat. I 10 N.
Sindf. See Indus.
Sindelfifigeny a town of Suabia, in the
duchy of Wurtemberg, i« miles ssw of
Stutgard.
Sindy, a province of Hindooftan,
bounded on the w by Perfia, R by the
territories of the kirig of Candahar, nc
by thofe of the Seiks, a by a fandy
deiert, and se by Ctitch. It extends
along the courfe of the Indus, from itfe
mouth, to the frontiers of Mouiton,
300 miles; and its bre.-idth, in the
widcft part, is 160. In foil and cli-
mate, and the general appearance of
the furfiice, it rcftmbles Egypt; thfc
country being an extended valley, coo-
fined on one lide by a ridge of moun-
tains, and on tho other by a defert; and
the Indus, equal at leaft to the Nile,
winding through the midft of this level
valley, and enriching it by its annual
inundations. During great part of the
sw monfoon, or at leaft in July, Auguft,
and part of St.-ptember (the rainy feafon
in moft other parts of India) the atmo-
pliore is here generally clouded ; bm no
rain falls, except near the fea. Owing
to this, and the neighbourhood of the
fandy deferts, on the e and on the nw,
the heats are fo violent, and the winds
from thofe quarters fo pernicious, that
the houfes are contrived fo as to be oc-
cafionally vrntilated by apertures on
the top, refembling the funqelsof fmall
chimneys. Wheri the hot winds prevail,
the windows areclofcly fliut, by which
the hotteft current of air, near the fur-
face, is excluded, and a cooler sftrt, bd*
8 I N
ttrafe mtif/i ctov«ted. defcenda infs the
^ konfe tbrougll the hinncls. By this alfo
^^vtili cloud* of duft are excluded ; the
cntnNice of which would alone be Aiffi-
dent to itmder the houfes uninhabftablc-
Tbftfdofs are compufed of thick layt- ra
•fcBith inftead of terrace*. Few cmin-
tricl are more unwhcilefome to Eu-
ropean conftHutions, particularly the
lower part called the DeltA. The Hin-
<looe» who were the original inhabitants
of Sindv, are treated with great rigour
by the Mahometan governors, and are
.^ not permitted to eredt any pagodas, or
places of woHhip; and this feverity
drives Taftljiumbers of them into other
countries. The inland parts of Sindy
produce faltpetrei fal ammoniac, borax,
bezoar, lapis lazuli, and raw filk. Here
are manufaAures of cotton and filk of
various kinds ; and alfo of fine cabinets,
inlaid with ivory, and finely lactiuered.
Great quantities of butter aru exported,
which IS clarified and wrapt up m dup-
pas, made of the hides of cattle. Here
are large beeves, fine ftieep, and fmall
hardy horfes- The wild game are deer,
hares, antelopes, and foxes, which are
hunted with dogs ; alfo leopards, and a
fmall fierce creature called a fhiahguOi.
.The prince of this province is tributary
to the fultan of Camlahaf, and he chiefly
refides at the fort of Hydrabad. Tatta
is the capital.
Sintrj, a town of Portugal, in Alen-
tejo, on a cape to which it gives name,
74 miles sw of Evora. Lon. 8 46 w,
lat. 3758 N.
Sinji, a ftrong town of Dalmatia,
built by the Turks in oppofition to
jClifTa. It was taken by the Venetians
^in 1686. It is eight miles n of Clifla
. ud 14 of Spalatro.
Siti'gan, a city of China, capital of
the province of Chen-fi, and the largeft
and mod beautiful in the t-mpin* next
to Peking. In its territories (which
contain fix c'ties of the fccond, and 3 1 of
the third ciafs) bats of a fingulaf fptries
are found ; they are as large as domeftic
fowls, and the Chinefe prefer their ilcfh
to that of chicken. The walls of this
city are la milra in circuit, nearly a
JTquare, and fur' ounded liy a Heep ditch ;
they are well fortified with towers, and
fome of the pates are very lofty and
magnificent. It has a great trat^e, ei'pe-
cially in mules, which are bred up in
great numV'S aid fent to Peking.
Here is ;\ ^rong garrifon of Tartars in
a feparate "quarter of the city, from
which it is' parted, by a ftrong wall.
There are a great number of piandarins
berc, who are moftly Tartars. It is 549
8 I O
miles sw of Peking. .{<on. 108 4^b, lat.
34 16 N. '■'%■
SiHgiitef, a town of RulBa, in the
government of Simbirik, fituate on the
Volga, 34 miles s of Simbirflc.
Singo, a town of European Turkey,
in Macedonia, on the gulf of Montu
Santo. Lon. 24 ° ^> 'at. 40 13 x.
Singor, a town in the peninfula of
Malaya, fcated at the mouth of a fmall
river, in the bay of Putani. Lon. 10 1
s5 B, lat. 6 40 N.
Sinigag/ia, a ftrong feaport of Italv»
in the duchy of Urbino, with a caftle
and two harbours. It is the fee of a
bi(hop,and contains feverai fine churches
and convents, and a mint. An annull
fair is held here from the middle to the
end of July, frequented by merchants
from diftant parts. It ftands at the
mouth of the Nigola, in_ the gulf oi'
Venice, 17 miles s£ of Pefaro. Lon. 13
15 E, lat. 43 43 N.
Si'tiing, a city of China, of the fecond
rank, in the weftern extremity of the
province of Chen-fi. It has a confide-
rable trade with the Tibetians, particu-
larly in tea, and is 450 miles WNW of
Sin-gan. Lon. loi 35 E, lat. 36 4511.
Sinob, or Sinope, a feaport of Aliatic
Turkey, in Natolia, furrounded by
walla and double ramparts; but the
caftic is much negledted. The inhabit-
ants are Turks, who will not admit any
Jews, and the Greeks are obliged to
live in the fuburbs. It is the birth-
place of Diogenes the cynic pliilofu-
pher, and feated on the iflhmus of a
peninfula, in the Black fea, 380 miles e
of Conftantinoplc. Lon. 33 $$ E, lat.
Sintzhelm, a town of Germany, in
the late palatinate of the Rhine, feated
in a moiafs, 12 miles ssse of Heidelberg.
Sion, a mountain of Palcftine, on the
s fide of Jerufalem, of great celebrity in
facred hiftory.
Sion, or Sitten, a town of Swiflerland,
capital of Valais, and an epifcopal fee.
It is fituate on the river Sitten, near the
Rhone, at the foot of three infulated
roc'vs, which rife immediately from the
plain. Oil the higheft, called Tourbil-
lon, is the old defei ted epifcopal palace;
on the fect)nd, denominated Valeria,
are the remains of the old cathedral,
and a few houfes belonging t« the
canons j on Majoria, the third rock,
ftands the prefent epifcopal palace.
Sion was formerly the capital of the
Seduni, and fome Roman infcriptions
ftill remain. It is 50 miles e of Genera.
Lon. J a E, lat. 46 9 v>
Stout, or Ojiot, a town of Egypt>
)n. 108 44E,Iat.
wn pf Egypt*
SIR
which has fevcral mofqucs, and is the
fee of a Cophtie bifhop. Here are tite
ruins of an amphitheatre, and fome fe-
puJclu-es of the Romans. It is fur-
rounded by fine gardens, and palra-g
trees that bear the beft dates in Egypt.
This place is the rend^'^vous of tnofe
who go in the caravan to Sennar, in
Nubia. It ftands on an artificial mount»
two miles from the Nile, and iB$ s of
Cairo. Lon. 31 34 e, lat. 27 a^ n.
Siphanto, the ancient Slphnos» one of
the beft cultivated iflands of the Archi-
pelago, to the w of Paros. It is 36
miles in circumference, and though
t' ered with marble and granite, pro-
duces corn fufficient for itH inhabitants ;
alfo excellent filk, but not in any con-
fiderable quantity. The chief articles
of commerce arc calicos, firaw hats,
figs, onions, honey, wax, oil, and capers.
Lon> 25 ij E, lat. 37 9 N.
Sir Charles Hardx/ Island, an ifland
in the Pacific ocean, difcOvered by cap-
tain Carteret in 1767- It is low, level*
and covered with wood. Lon. 154 20
E, lat. 4 41 s.
Sir Charles Saunders Islandt an ifland
in the Pacific ocean, difcovered by cap-
tain Wallis in 1767. The natives ap-
peared to live in a wretched manner.
It is about fix miles from e to w . Lon.
151 4 w, lat 17 28 s.
Sira. See Sera.
Siradia, u town of Poland, capital of
a palatinate of the fanie name, with a
ftrong caftlc. It is furrounded by a
wall, and feated in a plain, on the river
Wurta, 62 miles ne of Breflau, and 105
Nw of Cracow. Lon, 18 55 k, lat. 51
32 »•-
. Siraf> a town of Perfia, in the pro-
vince of Lariftan, fituate on the Pcrlim
gulf, 30 miles sw of Lar. Lon. 52 25
t, lat. 35 20 N
Slmvan, a town of Perfia, in the
proviuce of Kufiftan, 48 miles nne of
Suiter. Lon. 51 5 E, lat. 31 50 n.
Sin, a town of Abyflinia, in Tigre,
famous for a manufadure of coarfe cot-
ton cloths. It is 40 miles w of Axum,
and 100 WNw of Auzen.
Sirgan. See Kerman.
Sirhind, a city of Ilindoo&an, capital
of a country of the fame name, in the
province of Delhi. Procopius takes
notice, th.at in the time of Juftinian
(the fixth century) filk was brought
from Serinda, a country in India, bir
hind is 1 75 miles nw of Delhi. Lon.
IS .S5 K, lat. 30 15 N.
Sirian, a feaport of Pegu, frequented
by the French, Englifli, and Dutch. It
if feutcd on Ptfgu riverf 39 miles from
8 IS
its mouth, and Tto a of Pegu. Lon. 96^
12 m, lat. 163a M.
Sirinagur, a rugged country in the
w part of Tibet, on the bonier* of Hin-
dooftan, bounded un the s by Dolhi,
and w by Lahore.
Sirinagur, a town of Tibet, capital
of the country df the fiime name ; t^ted
on the AUaknandara, which runt into
the Ganges, 24 miles be)i)w. It is 166
miles N by E of Delhi. Lon. 78 la e,
lat. 3 1 o N.
Sirius, an ifland in the Pacific ocean,
about 18 miles in circuity difcovered by
lieutenant Ball, in 2790. Lon. 16s 30
E, lat. 10 s% 8.
Sirmickt or Sirmium, a town of Scla-
vonia, and a bifliop's fee ; feated on the
Bofweth, near the Save, 42 miles •« of
E/Tek. Lon. ao 19 E, lat. 45 13 »r.
htrowyt a town of Hinuot)ltan, in a
diftridt of the fame name, in Agimere ;
feated near the Puddar, 70 miles sw of
Agimere. Lon. 74 a» e, lat. 26 1 v.
Sirpy, a town and tort of Hindcjoilan,
in Mylbrc, 14 miles n of Sera, and a?
sEofChitteldroog. '
Sirti or Sihont a river of Independent
Tarlary, which iflues from the moun-
tains of Imaus, or Belur, on the confines
of Cafhgur, and taking a xw courfe of
about 550 miles, enters the nk part of
the lake Aral It formerly flowed to
the Cafpian fea, but the Tartars, to free
themfelvcs from pirates, turned its-
courfe.
Sisizan, a feaport on the e coaft of
Luconia, one of the Philippine Iflands.
It is fituate almoft oppofite Slanilla, and
in the vicinity of very high mountains,
which render the air extremely moift.
Lon. 1 23 45 E, lat 14 20 N.
Sisjae, a town di' JSwifferland, iri'th*;
canton of Bafel, 17 miles se of Bafel. k
Sissek, or Siszc^, ;t ftrong town of
Croatia, fituatt on the Save, at the influx
of the Kulpa, 42 miles a of 'Carlftadt.
Lon. 16 56 E, lat. 45 33 \f.
SissopoU, a town of European Tur-
key, in Romania, and an archbifliop's
fct;; feated on a peninfula of the Blatk.
fea, 25 miles s of Mefembria, and 97
N w of Conftantinople. Lon. a8 9 e, lat. ,
47. 30 N.
Sistercn, a town, and late epifcopal
fee, of France, in the department of
Lower Alps, with a citadel on the
top of a rpck, which was the prifon of
Cafimir v, king of Poland. It is feated '
on the Durance, 45 miles nb of Aix,
and 407 SE of Paris. Lon. 5 56 b, lat.
44 «» »f« •^5
Sistan, a jrillage in Gloucdterftiire) »
fevcn mi)»s i of Briftol, on a rivulet- <
SKA
which lifet here, and runs into ibe
Avon. It has maniifiAurea of hhf»
tad (altpetre.
Shfva, a town ofEuropean Turkey,
in Bulgaria, where a peace was conclud-
ed between the Auftriansand Turks, in
1701. It ia I'eated on the Danube, 25
miles B of NicapoK.
Sititit > town on the h coaft nf the
ifle of Candia, on a bay of the fame
name, 58 miles ESE of Candia. Lon. 36
29 B, lat. 35 o N.
SHtartlt a town of France, in the dc-
partmettt of Roer, lately of Germany,
IN the dttchy of Juliers ; feated near the
Meufe, le miles s of'Rurcmonde.
^'MM^^Nr/i, a corporate town in Kent,
>5 miles wkw of Canterbury, and 40
UE of London.
Sittivatca, a villfigt ot Ceylon, 28
mileK E of Columbo, 00 a branch of the
Mullivaddy, which leparates it from
the king of Candy's country. It is the
chief place of intercourfe, both friendly
and boftilc, between the Candians and
their European neighbours. On the
oppofite Rde of the river is the Cuniian
village of Golobodivilli.
Smas, a city ©f Afiatic Turkey, the
einital of a (kngiucate, nnd the fee of a
biinop, with a caftle. It is 180 miles
wtaw of Erterum, and a 10 e n t of Cog-
ni. Lon. 38 40 b, lat. 38 55 n.
Stvra^t A town of France, in the
department of Vieone, feated on the
CharentP, a8 miles s of Poitiers.
Sitvah, a territory of Africa, on the
confines of Egypt and Barca. It is
mentioned by the ancients under the
name of the Galis of Ammon. The
fertile part is about 10 miles in circu][n-
ference, containing feveral villages, be-
llde the capital- It affords abundance
of i^^etable produAions, with corn and
iaXi ; and is well fupplied with water
from fmall ftreams, but none of them
flow bcryond its territory ; they being
either evaporated beft)re tliey reach the-
ftirrounding deftrt, or loft in the fterile
And. The capitul, of the fame name,
Mntaint the ruins of the celebrated
ttropk of Jupiter Ammon ; and in the
|»«gbboU)-ho«d are many catacombs,
which were the burying- places of the
^indent inhabitants. It is 220 miles e
of Angila, and 380 w by s of Cairo.
jton. »f 10 B, lat. 29 12 N.
Simra, a town •f Sweden, in Vf
fSothland, formerly the capital of the
IMngdom of Gothland. Here is a gym-
]i«6um, or feminary, er^ed in 1640 ;
and the cathedra] is the largeft ftruAure
«f thiKkfind in Swcdten. The rvin« of
ie««i«l>ch«rch«a aa4 CQnve|H»are fttU t»
* SKY
be feen, and atfo of, ip ancient palace,
burnt by the Dane* ifl |6ii. It n fhat*
ed on the Lrdu, in « morais, 77 miles
NF. of Gothcborg. Lon. 14 o k, lat. 58
§6 V-
Skeeti, a town of Norway, in the go«
vanment of Aggrrhuys, noted ibr its
mines of iron and copper ; feated near*
a lake, 26 miles sw 01 Kongfberg.
Sitnectady, a town of New York, iit
Albany county, at the foot of Naviga-
tion on Mohawk river. Here arc two
churches, and a fenrrinary incorporated
in 1794, called Union College, from its
being eftablilhed by various denomina-
tions of Chriftians. It has a confiderable
trade with the b<ick country, and ftand.)
on the w fide of the river, above the
falls, 16 miles nw of Albany.
Skensbormgh, a town of New Yotk,
in Wa(bingt»m county, fituate on Wood
creek, near, the » end of Lake Cham-
plain, 6q mites n by b of La u fin burg.
SkitUawt a mountain in Cumberland,
near Kefwick, above 3000 fei't in per-
pendicuhr height from the (brface of
the lake of Derwentwater, to the n of
which it is fituate- It is not difiicuU
of accefs, and is ulmoft covered witb
grafs, which gradually grows coarfer in
the afcent. The whole top is covered
with a loofe brown flaty ftone.
Skilikuer, a town of Denmark, in the
ifland of Zealand, fituate on a bay of
the Great Beit, 48 miles sw of Copen>
hagen. Lon. 11 27 E, lat. 55 16 ii).
Skipton, a town in \jf Yorkftiire,
with a market on Saturday. The river
Aire and the Leeds and Liverpool canal
pafs this town, and near it arc fomc cot^
ton works. It is feated in the midft of
a rough mountainous diftri^, called
Craven, 22 miles M by w of Halifax, and
ai6 NNW of ](<on(lon.
Stye, an ifland of Scotland, one of
the largefl of the Hebrides. It is 45
miks long and about 22 broad. The
SE end is feparated from iBvernefsfhire
(to which it belongs) by a narrow chan-
nel, galled the Inner Sound ; in the moft
rrarrow part of which, named the Kyle,
cattle are made to fwim acrufs. This
fide of the ifland fwells gradually from
the ftore, in a verdant flope, over which
are feen the naked hills of Strath ; and
above thefe rifes the rugged top of Cul-
lin or Cuchullin. Toward the sw are
a feries of rude mountains, black and
red, as if difcoloured by the rnge of fire ;
and on th^ b a long extent of lofty hills.
There is* notwithftanding', a great pro-
p(>rtion of level ground, with excellent
pafturajpe; and it has nunibers of deer
aa4difl$rMithiad»ofgaiBe. ]tabotio^s
wit
bafi
Cat
cur
ed
t
-bee
hen
Th
nati
the
ST.
« 1 E ♦
w'ltk Krtieftonei iWible, fte. bat tlw
bafattic columnii|p>Hlinblhig the Oiant's
Caufeway tti Irehnd, are it> greateft
curioflty. A cave in this idand affbrd-
ed an afylunit in 1746, to the difap>
pointed pretender aiid >>i8 fatthfut guidv»
For two nishts. Many thoufanda of
"bcevci and meep are annually exported
hence. Some fmall horfes are bred, and
a gn-at quantity of kelp is manufriOllurcd
here. Portree is the principal town.
The » extremity Is a pfninfula* termi-
nating in a rugged promontory, citlcd
the Point of Slate. Lon. 6 i» w, ht.
57 »aw-
Sfage/te, a town of Denmark, in the
ifland of Zealand, 41 miles wsw of Co-
penhagen.
Slaguett, a town of Further Pomera-
nia, icatcd on the Wippcr, 10 miles k
by s of Riigenwatd,
Staighthnualtet t village in W York-
shire, on the Hoddcrsfiek! canal, four
miles sw of Huddersfifid, which has ma-
nufactures of the various Aiunchcfter
goods.
Slatujft a decayed town of Bohemia,
with a caftle> 18 miles nw of Prague.
Slatiaa, a town of European Turkey,
ja Moldavia, iS miles nw of Niemecz.
Slatina, a town of European Tnrkey,
in Walachia» on the river Alaut, 50
miles w of Bnchoreft.
Slave Coasty a name given to a mari-
time traA of Guinea, between the Gold
ponft and Benin, comprehending the
kingdoms of Ardra, Popo, and Whidah.
Slave Lak(t a lake of N America, 2.50
miles in length, from k to w, and 60 to
100 in width. It is full of wooded if-
Jands, and its outlet at the w extremity,
in ton. \ 10 30 w, lat. 61 30 n, flows mw
' into the Ardlic oceiin.
SlcKwiow- ^ee Atuterlitis.
Sleafordt a town in Lincolnftiire, with
a market on Monday. It had formetly
a caflle, now in luins, and is feated on
the Slea, which is navigable hence to t^e
Witham, 18 miles 3 of Lincoln, and 115
N of London.
Slesiuick, a duchy of Denmark, the s
part of Jutland, fi'paratcd from Hol-
ftein, by the rivef Eyder. See Jutland.
Sleswkki a city of Deamark, capital
of a duchy of the fame name. It is an
irregular town of great length. The
houfes are chiefly of wood, and few are
more than one ftory high, but very neat.
The inhfabitants drefs like the Dutch ;
and many of them fpeak thfiir tongue^
though the ufual languages are the G<,-r-
Bian and Danith. Near the city is tlic
old ducal palace of GdmrJ^- SleiV'ick
is Gtuate oa the v fide of aa arm of th^
SMf
BdUiCi ealltd the Siey , $9 mHM irw of
Labec, and i«5 iw of Copcnhagea.
Lon. 9 4» 1,1*1.54 37 w.
Sligot a county of Ireland, in the pro-
viace of Connaught, 35 miles long and
nearly as much broad , bounded on the
K by Leitrim, sk hj Rofcommon, svr
and w by Mayo, and n bv the Atlantia
It is divided into 41 parifhes, contains
about 60,000 inhabitants, and fends three
mcmbf^rs to parliament. The foil is in
general fertile, but rather boggy toward
tile coaft.
SligOf a borough nf Ireland, capita? oF
the county of the fame name, and a
place of cunliderable trade. It is ftat-
ed near the mouth of a river, which
flows from Lough Gill into the bay of
Migo, 42 miles K by w of Rofcommon,
and 100 NW of Dublin. JLon. 9 il w,
lat. ?4 1.5 N.
Slonim, a town nf Lithuania, in tht
palatinate of Novogrodcck, with a caftle,
fcatcd on the Sezraa, 40 miles sw of
Nuvogrodeck, and 60 se of Grodno.
Lon. ai 57 e, lat. 53 o m.
Slotetit a fortified town of Holland, in
Fricfland. feated near a lake called SIo-
ten-mere, and on the rivulet Ee, which
flows into the Zuider Zee, eight miles
E of Staveren, and 30 ssw of Lewarden.
S/uei, a town of Lithuania, in the pa-
latinate of Novogrodcck, with three
Greek churches; featra on the river
Sluck, 75 miles ese of Novogrodeck.
Lon. 27 54 E,lat. 54 50 n.
Sluys, a town of the Netherlands, in
Flanders, oppoftte the ifland of Cadfand,
with a>good harbour. It has its name
from its fine Iluices, by which the whole
country may be laid under water. It
was taken by the Spaniards in 1587,
retaken by the Dutch in 1604, and taken
by the French in 1794. It is 10 miles
N of Riwges. Lon. 3 25 k, lat. 51 19 n.
Smalitalden, a town of Upper Saxony^
in the county of Henneber^. It is fa-
moi|s for the league entered into by the
Lutherans, againft the emperor, in 153 t,
to defend their religion and liberties. It
has a fine caltle on a mountain, and in
tlie vicinity are falt-pits and mines of
iron. It ftands on .1 river of the fame
name, which flows into the Werra, 25
miles .sw of Erfurt. Lon. 10 47 s, lat.
50 45 N.
Smardtrtt a town in Kent, with a
market on Friday, le miles SSK of
Maidflone, and 56 SE of London.
Smlthfieldt a town of Virginia, in Ifle
of Wight county, feated on pagan
creek, which flows into James river, 85
miles ss of Richmond.
SmithfiMi a town ctf N Carolftia, cl^
8 M O
pital oflohnfoii cuuiity» ftated an the
rrrcr Neus. in a beautiful plain* «5
htilts af. of lUU'glit •ind 70 wnw of
KowbcT'i.
Smit/tlo'zvn, « town of the flate of N«w
York, in Suffolk county, on the N litlc
rvf Long IIIuikI, 53 inlii-s u by n of N«w
York.
Smithvilict a town of N Carolina,
chief of Brniifwick county, fcated ni-ar
tTic mouth of Ca'ic Fear river, 25 miles
»sw of Wilmington. Lon. 78 30 w,
*•*• .13 50 M'
Smoland, or Smalandt a province of
Sweden, in Gothland, extending 140
inilti E and w from the Categat to the
Baltic, and from 40 to 70 in breadth.
It has immenfe forefts of pine and tir}
and the approach to the villages is an-
nounced by groves of oak, beech, and
birch, and numerous plots or parterres
of arable land among padures and rocks.
In m Miy parts the trees are cut down,
and bkirnt in order to manure the foil.
Calmar is the capital.
Sffiuli-nsi, a duchy of Ruflia, on the
frontiers of Lithuania. After huving
been an objefl of contention, and reci-
procally i)o(r''fled l|y Poland and Ruflia,
It was conquvrcd by Alexay Michaelo-
vitch in i6j4, and ceded to Ruflia by
the peace of Mofcow in 1666. It now
forms one of the 41 Ruflian govern-
ments. ' . ,;
Smolensk, a city of Ruflia, capital of
a government of the f;:ime name. It h
lituate on the Dnieper, and extends
over two mounuins and the valley be-
tween them. It is furrounded by walls
30 feet high and 15 thick; the lower
purt of done, the upper of brick, and
their circumference four miles and three
quarters. The houfcs are moflly of
woodi and only one ftory; except a
few fcattered here and there, which are
dignified with the title of palaces. The
city is divided, through its whole length,
by one ftraight pavtd ftrect; the others
arc circular, and floored with planks.
The cathedral ftands on an eminence,
■where there is a view of the whole city.
The alternate riling and (inking of the
•walls from the inequality of the ground ;
their Gothic archilefture and grotefque
towers; the fteeples rifmg above the
trees, which conce;tl the houfes from
the fight ; tiie gardens, meadows, and
corn-neids, within the walls; all together
fbriti one of the mod fingular, pi^u-
refqiie, and varied profpefts. Notwith-
fiandiog its extent, it contains only
about 4000 inhabitants, and has no ma-
pufaAareSj but carries on with Dant-
zic, Riga, and the Ukraine, a petty traf«
in » -
>>ouy» wax, 1
leaAer,
' Novo-
Lon. 3 s
I SN
lla in linen, hemp,
furs, &c. It ia 19;
grodeck, and 230
j4 K, lat. 54 50 N.
Smtfnhtueri, a town of Lower Saxony,
in the duchy of Iloljlein, 16 mileb w uf
Rend/burg-
Smyrna, a fcaport of Afiatic Turkey,
in Natolia, and one of the largeft and
riched cities of the Levant. The good-
ncfs of the harbour has caufed it to be
rebuilt feveral times, after having been
deftroyed by earthquakes. It is the
lendezvous of merchunti from almoft
all parts of the world, and the magazine
of their merchandife. The Turk%have
19 niofqucs, the Greeks two churches,
the Jews eight fynagogucs, the Arme-
niauH one church, and the Latina three
convents. There are three bifbops, ouu
Greek, the other Latin, and the third
Armenian. Its population ia comput-
ed at 1 2o,ooo perfons. The ftreets are
more open, belter jiaved, and the houfes
better built, than \n other towns of the
continent. The ftreet of the Franks is
the fined in Smyrna, und lies all along
the harbour. It is eight days journey
from Con(l:antinople by land, 25 days
from Aleppo, by the caravans, fix from
Cogni, feven from Cutaya, and fix from
Sataliu. The imports from England
confift of woollen cloths* c^Tmlets, lead,
tin, .'ind hardware ; thefe are exchanged
for cotton, cuflfee, mobair, drugs, galls,
raifins, figs, &c. The Englilh and
Dutch fa(!lors have prutellant chapels,
and taverns are as open here as in Eu-
rope. The fortifications coniift of a
fort, a cadle, a mountain, and an old
citadel. It is feated ut the head of a
large bay, 190 miles ssw of Condanti-
nople. Lon. 27 7 e, lat. ,^8 aS k,
Snacienburj^, a town of Lower Saxony,
in Ilrunfwick-Luneburg, feated at the
conflux of the Utcht with the Elbe, so
miles E by .s of Danneberg.
Sna'tth, a town in W Yorkfliirp, with
a market on Friday, feated near the
Aire, 23 miles s of York, and 175 n by
wof London.
Snecky or Sn'itzy a fortified town of
Holland, in Friedand, feated on a lake
of the fame name, in marlhy land, 1 z
miles ssw of Lewarden.
Sntirne, a town of Perfia, in the pro-
vince of Irac, 57 miles wnw of Ama-
dan. Lon. 46 24 e, lat. 35 45 n.
Snetjham, a town in Nortblk, with a
market on Friday; feated on a fmall in-
let of the fea, 12 miles nne of Lynn,
and 1 1 1 N by k: of London.
Sniadin, a town of Lithuania, in the
palatinate of Bizcfc, on the river Pry<
nel
ofl
r, wax, leaAer,
• NE of NOVQ-
Kiof. Lot). ^3
Lower Saxony,
, i6 tnilcb w uf
Lfiatic Turkey,
he largtft and
It. The good*
aurcd it to be
!r having been
c«. It U the
II from almoft
I the magazine
lie Turk« have
two churches,
L'8, the Arnie«
e Latini three
:e bifhops, one
and the third
>n it comput-
rhe ftreets arc
md the houfes
towns of the
the Franks is
lies all along
days journey
and, 2s days
vnnBt fix from
I and fix from'
rom England
camlets, lead,
|re exchanged
drugs, galls,
Engli(h and
'ant chapels,
re as in Eu-
conlift of a
( and an old
e head of a
if Conftanti-
8 aR K.
•wer Saxony,
.'ated at the
the Elbe, so
kfliiro, with
ed near the
id 175 N by
ied town of
d on a luke
ty land, n
in the pro-
w of Ama-
tolk, with 3
a fmall in-
: of Lynn,
inia, in the
river Pry.
80 C
nee, 45 muci •* of Sluck. and too t of
Plnfk.
SniatiHt a town of Poland, In the pa*
Utirutc of Lcmburtf, or kingdom of
Gaiicia, oiUhe river Pruth, 1 10 miles fit
of Lcmburff. Lon. 35 50 e, lat. 4U 33 N.
Sno-wti^n, a mouiitain of Walrn, in
the centre of Carnarvon flii re, and the
moll noted eminence In the whole re-
gion of the Wcllh hills. It has feveral
crag^'y fumirits, deep dells, moors, and
chafmst alfo two Takes that abound
with fifti, particularly the char and the
guiniard. The height of this mountain,
from the <)uay of Carnarvon to its high-
eft peak, is 3.65U feet, it was held fa
cred by the ancient Britons, as Parnaf-
fus was by the Greeks. Pieces of lava
have been found on this mountain; and,
/on the funi'iiit, groups of columnar
ftoncs, of vaft fize. lying in all dire^ions.
From its fummit may be feen a part of
Trelaqd, of Scotland, and of Cumber-
land.
Snoiuhill, a town of Maryland, capi-
tal of Worccfter county, fltuate on the
Pokomoke, which enters, is miles be-
low, into the Chcfapeak. It has a fmall
export trade, and is 30 miles sk of Vien-
na- Lon. 75 40 w, lat. 38 8 n.
Soana, a town of Tul'ciny, in the
Siennefe, feated on a mountain, near
the river Flora, 46 miles » by k of Sienua.
Soane, a river of Hindoodan, which
jfl'ues from a lake, on the s contines of
Allahabad, the fame that is the fuurcu
of the Nerbudda, and, flowing in an
oppoAte diredlion to that river, enters
the Ganges, above Patna.
Soar, a river in Leicefterfliire, which
rifcs from two fources in the s\v part
of the county, flows by Leicefler and
Mountforrcl, paffes a little to the e and
N of Loughborough, and then fcpiu'atcti
this county from Nottinghamfliire to
its' entrance into t"he Trent.
Sobernheim, a town of France, in the
department of Rhine andMofelle, late-
ly of Germany, in the circle of Upper
Rhine; feated on the Nalic, 1 1 miles w
by s of Creut,f nach.
5^o^/«/««, a town of Bohemia, in the
circle of Becliin, with good cloth manu-
fadlures, i% mih's ese of Bec!>in.
Saiotia, a town of Bohemia, in the
circle of Buntzlau, qipht miles E by ^f
of Jung Buntzlau-
Society hlest iflands in the Pacific
pecan, difcovered by Cook in 1769,
fitiiate between 150 57 aqd 152 o w lon.
and 16 10 and 16 .55 a lat. They are
feven m number; namely, Huaine, Ulie-
tea, Otaha, liolabola, \iourua. Tubal,
^nd Tabooyamanoo. The foil, produc-
SOD
t)U>ns, people, their language, rr1igia««
cuftoms, and manners, arc nearly the
futne as .it Otahcite. Nature has been
equilly hountifid in uncultivated plen-
ty, and the inhabitants are as luxurious
and at indoient. A plantain bianchis
the emblem of peace, and chanj^lng
names, the greateit token of friendfbip.
Their dances are mod elegant, their
dramatic entertainments have fomcthiiu;
of plot and confiftcncy. and they exhi-
bit temporary occurrences as the objcds
of praile or fatirc; fo that the origin of
ancient comedy may be already dif-
cerned among them. The people
of Huahine are in general ftouter and
fairer than thofe of Otaheite, and this
ifland is remarkable fur its populoufuefs
and fertility. Thofc of Ulietca, on the
contrary, are fmaller and blacker, and
lels orderly.
SocoHusco, a province of Mexico, in
the audience of Guatimala, 88 miles
long and nearly as much broad; bound-
ed on the N by Chiapi, e by Guatimala,
s by the Pacific ocean, and w by Guax-
aca It is (heltered from the n winds
l)y high mountains, which renders the
uir exceeding hot; and the foil is not
very fertile. There arc few Spaniards
ft'ttlcd here.
Sofonuseo, or Gttevetlan, a town of
Mexico, capital of the province of Soco-
nufco. It is feated on a river, near the
Pacific ocean, 460 miles se of Mexico.
Lon. 98 16 w, lat. 15 12 n.
Socotera, or fiocotra, an ifland in the
Indian ocean, lying about 45 leagues
from cape Gardefan, on the coAft of
Africa. It is 80 miles long and zi '
broad, abounds in fruit and cattle, and
is particularly noted for its flne aloes,
known by the name of j?ocotrine aloes.
Tho natives are Mahometans, with a
mixture of paganifm, and they have a
king who depends on Arabia. Tamura
is the capital.
Sjczowa, a town of European Tur-
key, in Moldavia, feated on the Seret,
32 miles 8w of Jafly.
Sodbury, or Chipping Sodbun/, a town
in Gloucefterfliire, with a market on,
Thurfday, feated in a bottom near the
downs, 15 miles ene of Briftol, and,
no w of London.
Soderhamn- See Suderhamn,
Sodor, a village in the celebrated if-
land of Icolmkiir, one of the Hebrides
of Scotland. It was formerly a bifltop's
fee, which comprehended all the iflands,'
togfither with the ifle of Man ; and the
bimop of Man is ftill called bifliop of
Sodor and Man.
Sodiu, a town of the ftate lOf New
Torlt, ffttute on the s fide' of Lake
Ontario, on a bay fcven miles long and
tbi^c broad> which forms an excellent
harbour, when the reft of the lake is
.ngttated by a ftorm. It is 3o mites E of
"Niiigara. Lon. 77 5 w, !at. 43 10 k.
^b»rgf a town of Denmark, in the
iOand ofZeal-mdi fituate on an ifland
in a frtfli'Water lake, 15 miles w.nw of
EKinore.
Seestt a town of Weftphalii, in the
county of Mark, formerly free and im-
perial. It is of large extent, and the
ttreets arc watered with ftreams that
proceed from a lake. The inhabitants
are genemlly paplfte, and part of the
cathedral belongs to them, and part to
the Lutherans. It Ifas a great trade in
corn, and is is miles wsw of Lipiladt,
and 30 SE of Monfter.
S^hy a kingdom on the s coaft of
Africa, bounded on the w and N by the
ftates of Mocaranga, e by the Mozam-
bique channel, and 8 by Sabia. The
extent is about i jo miles along the coaft
anti 450 up the country. It contaim
rich mines of fine gold, and is tributary
^o the Portugucfe. ,
Sofaht the cai>ital of a kingdom of
the iame name, with a fort built by the
Portujguefe, which is of great import-
ance for their trade to the £ Indies. It
it feated on a ([nail iOand, near the
mouth of the CuMRa. Lon. 3i 40 e,
fat. ao as s.
Sdiat or Sophittt a city of European
Turkey, capital of BiUgarid, and an
archbimop's fee. The trade is confider-
able, and the inhabitants are computed
isX 7o,«oe, but the houfcs are meanly
built. It is feated at the foot of the
mountains of Argentaro, on the river
Bugana, T$o miles www of Adrianople-
Lon. 23 5 s E, lat. 4,) N.
Sojroif, a town of the kingdom of
Fex, noted for a very handfume mofque.
It is feated on a hill, at the foot of a
mountain of the fame name, part of
Mount Atlas, and between two rivers,
IS miles e of Fez.
Sogno^ a town of the kingdom of
Congo, in a province of the fame name,
which is a dry fandy country, but yields
a great deal of fait. The inhabitants
are faid to be Chriftians, converted by
the Portuguefe, and the capuchins have
a church here. It is feated on the
Zaire, near its mouth, 160 mile« wsw
«f St. Salvador. Lop. 1 1 55 e, lat. 60$.
Sdh«gepour, a town of Hindoottan,
capital of a diftriA in the province of,
Allahabad. It is feated near the Saone,
i^o miles a of Allahabad. Lcn. |i .^2
:», lat. 23 ie K.
S6l
SoAtttHt t town Mr Cktnbridftfhire,
with a market on Saturday, feated on a
fen of the ftme nihne, near Soham-mere,
which ukes up looo acrea of land. It
is five miles sx of Ely, and fb H by e of
LotKlon.
Sobo, a tilla^ in StafTordfhtre, two
milet nrw of Birmingham. It was re-
cently founded by Mr. Bouhon, as a
manufaAure for every article common
to^ the Bh-itiingham trade, the plated
watt ufuatly made at Sheffield, and of
efeg^nt pieces of (ilver both light and
maffiVe. Here aHb are made the im-
proved fteam engines now adopted in
numerous concerns throughout tht
kingdom. In 1797, an apparatus for th6
coinage of copper was employed here
by government; and the Bank of Eng-
land dollars were alfo ftamped at thih
mint.
Soignies, a town of the Netherlands,
in Hainault, near a foreft of its name,
on the river Senne, eight miles nne ^
Motis.
Soissonttaht a late tcm'torj' of France,
in the Ifle of France, which, with the
late territory of Vermandois, now forms
the department of Aifne. It abounds in
corn, wood, and pafturet.
SoissoHSf a city of France, itl the de?
partment of Aifne ; and anciently the
capital of a kingdom of its name, under
the firft race of the French monarch)!.
It is a bifhop^s fee; and the cathedral
has one of the moft confiderable diap-
ters in the kingdom. Here St. Lewis,
Philip the bold, and Lewis xiv were
crowned. The cnftle, though ancient,
is not that in which the kings of the
firft race rcfided. It is feated in a fertile
valley, on the river Aifne, 30 miles w
by K of Hheims, and 60 n e of Paris.
Lon. 3 19 C)| lat. 49 93 n.
Solantit a town of Sicily, in Val di
Mazara, which gives name to a cape
and bay on the n coaft, 10 miles v. of
Palermo.
Soldtn, a town of Bran(tenbnrg, in
the New mark, of which it was former-
ly the capital. It has cloth and wool-
len manufadnres, and a trade in hops.
It ftands on a lake of the f<<nie name,
the fource of the river Mitael, »^ miles
N by E of Cuftrin. Lou. 11 7 Ej, lat.
53 2 "•
Solebay.^ See Sauthtvold,
Solenof, a lake of Independant Tar^^
tary, 86 miles long, and ao broad; ly-
ing midway between the Cafpian fea
and Lake Aral. The water is ialt, and
it has two iflands.
SoUure, or Sohthurrt^ a canton of
Swiflerland, which ftretchcs partif
^r^-iP)-,. -7-."(*':il
BtnbHditflHre^
iy» feated on a
r Soham>niere,
B of land. It
c)0Nby E ot
rordfhfre, two
1. It was rc<
douhoi), as a
tide comnion
e. the plated
tflleld, and of
oth light and
Hade the im«
w adopted in
ougtiuut the
^aratusforthe
■nvployed here
Bank of £n^-
imped at thth
Netherlands,
of its name,
miles NNE af
jf)' of France,
ich, with the
lis, now formi
It abounds in
ce, in the de-
anciently the
I name, under
ch monarchfi.
;he cathedral
erablc diap-
St. Lewis,
ris XIV were
gh ancient,
kings of the
ed in a fertile
30 miles w
E of Paris.
7, in Val di
to a cape
miles a. of
denbnrg, in
was formcr-
and wi/ol-
de in hops,
f^nie uamo,
:\, tit miles
7 K* lat.
ndant Tar-^
broad; ly-
i^afpian fea
is lalt, and
canton of
tcs part^f
SOL
t^r^ug^ thf piiufi, 4UI0 partlir along t^c
c^siwi dl xhc hmt $6 miles ix^ lea\gth
and aclii breaqta, and is vQtjc popul^Qus.
Tlie umt for ttie v>eft part, u fertile in
<yirns Mid the diftrids within the ^*um
abound in ex^elieRt pafturet. In the
mountainous parts are iron, lead, ala-
VafteV) n^rblr, and coal. It is divided
into «i baUiwi^r:Sf^^ the inhabitants of
wkiot a^' 9dl Ko>ijian catholics, except
tbuie of the bp.'iliwic of Buckegberg,
who prolefs the reformed rcligiwi.
iStleurt, a town of Swiflerland, capi<
tal of the canton of the fau\e name, and
lately the ufual refidence ol' the Fr«nch
envoy to the cantons.. Th: church o5
St. lira U a noble edifice of a whitiih
gray ftone, drawn from the neighbour,
ing quarries, which is a fpecies of rude
marble. The arfenal, and the townhoufe
which has two towers, make a good
appearance. Soleure is furroundcd by
regular foilifications, and ftands in a
delightful plain, on the river Aar, 18
miles N of Bern, and 30 ssw of Bafd.
Lob. 7 30 B, lat. 47 9 »•
Sol/auirat or Logo di Bagntt a lake
of Italy, in Campagna di Roma, near
Tivoli, formerly called Lacus ^Ibulus.
In this lake are fevera^ floating iflands,
formed of matted Uftvt and herbage,
with a foil of duft and fand blovvn iVum
tht adjacent ground, and glued together
by the bitumen ai»d fulpbur with v/hicli
its waters are impregnated- So^.\e of
thefe iflAnda are 15 yards long, and
will bear i;ve qr &■*, people, who, b^ a
pole, may ipove to different paris of
the lake. From this lake ifl'ues a whit-
ifii ftiicaTn* which emit'^ vapour of a ful-
phurepus fmejl, till it reaches the Te-
veroie. The water of this rivulet has
a petrifying quality, which incrcafes in
llrength tfa|e further it has ttcwed from
the lake. FiQi are found in tht Teve-
rone, both above and below Tivat'. till
it receives thia lake ; after n hich, dun.;?
the reft of its courfe to the Tiber, there
are none.
Solfetara, a mountain of N.ip1es, in
Terra di Lavoro» furrourded by other
mountains, in the form of an amphi-
theatre. It has a kind of cavity, above
a mile in diameter, which was no doubt
the crater of a volcino at prercnt extindl.
The earth here is warm and white; and
if opened to fome depth is infuppoitable
from the heat and exhalations. The
ground is almoft every where hollow,
and is fuppofed to have a fubterraneous
communication with Mount Vcfuvius.
Ueie are roitnufa^flures of fulphur, vi-
trldli and alum.
Sfilfiwitzborgt or Sj/lvithtrg, X feaport
SQL
of Sweden, in the |m>vin<;e of Blekiajen.
II hai a ruinovf caftle, and was form«i>
ly in a more flourilhing ftate. It is near-
ly environed by the Baltic fea, and it 34
milea waw of Carlfcrona. Lon. t^ ^(
B, lat. 56 a H. .
SoUhttit a towB in Warwick/hire,
with a market en Wedoefday, la oUlea
w of Coventry, and 108 NW of LondQB.
SoUngtUt a town of Weftphalia, in th«
duchy of Berg, with manufadurea of
cutlery and all kmds of iron work ; feat*
ed near the river Wipper, 15 miles as%
of OuITeldorf.
SoUamjkf a town of Ru0ia^ io the
government of Perm, famous for its
lalt-pits and good horfcs. It is feated
on the Uflblka, which flows into the
Kama, 4J0 miles ne d Kafan. Lon.
57 26 E, lat. 59 16 N.
SoUapour^ a town olJfindooftan, ii|
Vifiapour, capital of a onn-iA celebrate
ed for mines of diamonds. It is feated
near the KiJltna, 130 miles se of Vifia-
pour. Loo. 77 10 E, lat. 16 3.3 N.
Solms, a county of Germany, in Wet-
teravia, lying w of Upper Hefle. The
houfe of Solms is divided into feveral
branches; the principal one is Braun-
fels, which was raifed to the princely
rank in 174 a. The decayed caftle of
Solms,, the feat of the ancient counts, it
feated on a hill, one mile s of Braunfials,
the prefent capital.
SoLamcn li lands. See DaagfTt Islet qf.
Solor, an ifland of the £ Indies, 70
mites in circuit, to the s of Celebes and
w of Flores. Lon. 123 ^3 e, lat. 90$.
Solserina. a town ot Italy, in the
duchy cf Mantua, 17 miles nw of Man-
tua. • . ,.
Solsona; a town of Spain^ila Catalo*
nia, and a biihop's fee; feated at the
foot of a mountain, 56 miles nnw of
Barcelona. Lun. t is s, lat- 4a a v.
Scltaut a town of Lower Saxony, iii
the principality of Luneburg-Zell, p)i
the river Bobme, a8 miles iiTN w of Zell;
and 28 wsw of Lundburg.
Soltcamp, a town ot Holland, in Gro-
ningen, with a large fort, at the mouth
of the river Hunfe, which is called Oro<T
ningen Deep, if miles kw of Groaisw
gen.
Solway Fritht an arm of the f«t, be*
tween Citmberland in Sn^land, and
Oumfricsfhire and Kircudbiightihire in
Scotland. It is navigable f<ff welTds of
I OS tons within fix miles of its extre«
mity ; and the'fiflieries, ofpecially of faU
moo, are very confiderabJe. At its hcacl
on the Cumbierland fide, near the riy^
Eik, is Solway Mofa. This was a leHi
track aboTe two mili^s long and ope
S 6 M
bro^d, \\\\tt In 1771, being AroTn by
T^iiiS, it burft out at the eaftern extre-
mity, and fpread over a neiphbonring
vallfy ; by this means the furface of the
mofs was ri'daced 24 feet, and funk in-
to its prt'fent hollow form.
Sombrere, one of the Nicobar illands,
in the Indian ocean, 30 miles n of Ni-
cobar. It gives name to a channel near-
ly fn the middle of thofe iflands.
Sombrero, a cluftcr of uninhabited if-
lands in the W Indies, belonging to the
Engliftj. The moft remarkable of them
i& a league long, and coniifts of an emi-
nence, to which the Spanifti difcover-
cis, fimling fomo refemblarice to a hat,
{ave the name of Sombrero. It is 80
miles NW of St. Chriftopher. Lon. 6j
37 w, lat. J 8 38 M.
SomerseU a town of Maffhchufets, in
Briftol count;^iHcatcd on Taunton river,
jjo miles s by w rif Bofton.
' Somerset, a town of New Jerfey ,
chief of the countf of its name., fcated
on Miilftone river, 23 miles n ot Tren-
ton,
Somerset sb ire, a county of England,
65 rniles long and 45 broad; bounded
en the NW by the Bviftol channel, n by
Gbuccfterlhire, e by Wiltihire, SE by
Doifetfhire, and sw by Devonfhire. It
contains 991,360 acres; is divided into
4Z hundreds, and 480 pariibes; has two
cities and ;3 market towns; and fends
x6 members to parliament. The num-
ber of inhabitants in 1801 was 173,750.
The foil in the ne quarter is in general
ftony, and poflefles a lofty mineral traift,
calJed Mendip Hills. Toward the cen-
tre, where its principal rivers unite, are
feas and inarfliy moors of great extent.
On the w fide are the Quantock hills,
with many downs and open heaths; and
in the nw corner is the fterile region of
Exfno'or. The s part, towards Dorfet-
ftire, is high, but well cultivated; and
rtroughout the county, efpecially in its
sw quarter, vales of the greateft fertil'ty
are interfpevfed. The principal rivers
sre the Parret, Ivcl, Thone, Brue, and
Avon. Cattle, nearly equal in fize to
the Lincolnlbire, are fed in fine mea-
dows about the head of the Parret.
The bcft goofe feathers for beds come
from the mar{hes. Cider is a common
produd of this county, and it has a con-
fiderablc (hare in the woollen manufac-
tures. Bath ia the great place of refort
for health and plenfure.
Somerton, a town in S jmerfetfhirc,
with a market on Tuefday. It was
formerly a codfiderable place, from
which the county took its name, and
Umt of the ruins, of its ancient caftle
now form a part of the- Bear {nr* B'c>
tween this town and Bridgewat^. is a
rich tradt of land, callcsl Sedgmdbr, me-'
morable for the defeat of the duke of
MoiinRouth, in 1685. Somerton is 13
miles s of Wells, and i 23; w by a of
London.
Somma, a town of Naples, in Terra
di Lavoro, near whidi is annually pro-
duced above 7000 pounds of filk of the
beft quality. It is 10 miles e of Naples.
Somme, a department of France, in-
cluding the late province of Picardy. It
takes its name from a river which rifes
in the department of Aifnc, flows by
St. Qnentin, Peronnr, Amiens, Abbe-
ville, and St. Valery, and enters the En-
glifli channel. Amiens is the capital.
Sommerdyck, a town ofS Holland*
and chief place of the ifland of, Over-
flakcfe, five miles ese of Helvoetfluys.
Sommerfild, a town of Brandenburg,
in the New mark, with manufaAures of
fiiio cloths; feated on the Lupa, 15
miles isw of Crofi'en.
Sommieres, a town of France, in the
department of Gard, with a manufac-
ture of thick ferges; feated on the Vi-
dourle, 14 miles w by s of Nifmes.
Somorrostro, a town of Spain, on the
coafl: of Bifcay, with a famous iron
mine, 14 miles nw of Bilboa.
Soncino, a town of Italy, in the Cre*
moncfe, feated on the Oglio, ao miles n
by w of Cremona.
Sonderborg, a feaport of Denmark, !■
the ifland of Alfen, with one of the beft
harbours in Denmark, and a royal pa-
lace, in which Chriftian 11 was confined
as a prifoner fpr 13 years. It is 16 miles
KNE of Flendiburg. Lon. 9 49 e, lat.
54 57 N-
Sondershausertt a town of Upper Sax-
ony, capital of the lower county of
Schwartzburg, with a fine caftle on a
mountain. It is fituate on the Wipper,'
24 miles N of Erfurt. Lon. 1 1 2 E, lat.
51 ai N.
Sondrip, a town of Swiflerland, and
c.'>p?t3J of a diftrid in the Valteline. It
ftands in a romantic fltuation, at the
extremity of a narrow valley, and occu-
pies both fides of the Malenco, a furious
torrent, which runs into the Adda. It
is 10 miles ne v)f Morbegno, and 14 sw
of Tirano.
Sovepour, a town' of Hindooftan, in
Orifl'a, feated on the Mahanada, at the
influx of the Taile, 45 miles s of Sum*
bulpour.
Sonergotig. See Sunergon^,
Song'kiang, a city of Chma, of the
firft rank, in the province of Kiang-nan.
It has a large trade in cotton cloth, vi hkh
lear inn Be*
igev/nU. is a
'dgrndbr, mtf.
the duke of
mcrton is 13
(3; vr by 8 of
Ic8, in Terra
inniially pro-
of lilk of the
E of Naples.
)f France, in-
f Picardy. It
T which rifes
nc, flows by
liens, Abbe-
nters the En-
the capital,
f S Holland,
nd of. Over-
elvoetfluys.
Jrandenburg,
nufaflurcs of
le Lupa, 15
rancR, in the
a manufac>
I on the Vi-
Nifmes.
Ipain, on the
famous iron
)a.
. in the Cre-
>, ao miles n
Denmark, ii
e of the beft
a royal pa-
VM confined
[t is 16 miles
9 49 E, lat.
Upper Sax-
county of
caflle on a
le Wipper,
1 1 a E, lat.
erland, and
ilteline. It
ion, at the
, and occu-
o, a furious
Adda. It
and 14 sw
dooftan, in
ida, at the
s of Sum-
na, of the
Kiang-nan.
otbjv^hich
S Of
is fcnt to different parts of the empire r
and is fituate amid feveral canals, near
the fea, 560 miles s of Peking. Lon.
120 4.1; E| lat. 31' o N.
Sotiueterg, a towii and caftle of Ger-
many, in Tyrol, capital of a lordfhip of
its name. It is 10 miles ese of Feld-
kirch.
Son/ieSerj!, a towB of Upper Saxony,
in Thuringia, with a great trade in look-
ing-glaflcs, nails, whetftones. See* It is
1 1 miles NNE of Coburg.
Sonneberg, or Sonnenburg, a town of
Brandenburg, in the N«w mark, with a
caftle. It is the feat of the grand maf-
terfhip of the knights of Malta in Bran-
denburg, Saxony, and Pomerania, and
ftands on the Lenze, nine miles e of
Cuftrin.
SoKttnvald, a town of Lufatia, on the
river Dober, 12 miles sw of Luckau.
Sonora, a province of New Mexico,
in New Navarre, on the e fide of the
gulf of California. It is Kttie known ;
but fome rich mines of gold and (ilver
were difcovered by the Spaniards, in
1 771, in an expedition againft fome
tribes of Ind.ans.
Sooloo, an ifland of the Eaftem In-
dian ocean, lying srW of Mindanao,
almoft midway between that ifland and
Borneo. It is 36 miles long and t%
broad, and contains about 60,000 in-
habitants, who are Mahometans. It is
governed by a fultan ; and his domi-
nions extend over a great number of
fmall idands between Mindanao and
Borneo, called the Sooloo Archipelago.
The populeuihers of Sooloo is caufed
by its advantageous fituation, which
renders it a great mart, particularly for
pearls, fago, and edible bird-neft*. The
Knglilfa E India Company have a re-
fident here. Lon. r ji 15 e, lat. .>; 57 n.
Soonda, or SuJha, a town of Hindoo-
ftan, in Canara, formerly the capital of
a country, whofo laft rajah was expelled
b/ Hyder in 1763. The fpace within
the inner wall was three miles fquare,
and fully occupied by houfes. '"hen
Hyder took poflt-flion, there Hill re-
mained 10,000 houfes ; but the fubfe-
quent wars have reduced them under
100. It is feated above the Gauts, on
the GangHwali, 60 miles n by w of
Naf^ara, and 75 v by E oF Kundapura.
Hophia. See Sq^a.
Sophiania, a town of Perfia, in Ader-
bcitzan, feated in a valley, 25 miles n\v
of Tauris.
Sopbienbergt a town ofDenmaik, in
Zealand, wiih a royal palace, near the
coaft of the Sound, ij miles n of Co-
penhagen.
SOU
Soproit' BttEdenburg*
Soroi a town of Naples, in Terra di
Lavoro, with a caftle; feated on tfte
Garigliano, on the frontiers of Cham-
mgna di Roma, 4^ miles e by s of
Rome. Lon. 14 4 b. lat 41 54 W.
Sor«u, a town of Silefia, in the prin-
cipality of Ratibor, 21 miles e of Kati-
bor.
Sorau, a town of Lufatia, with ma-
nufa(aurc8 of cloth, and n trade in yam
and linen. It ftandson the fi-ontiers of
Silefiai eight miles w of Sagan.
Sorbon, or Sorbonne, a village of
France, in the department of Ardennes,
fix miles n of Rethel ; famous tor being
the birthplace of Robert Sorbon, con-
feflbr to St. Louis, who founded the
celebrated college at Paris, talltrd after
his name.
Sorel, a river of Lower Cniada, which
iflues from Lake Champlam and flows
N to the St. Lawrence, which it enters
at the town of William Henry. See
Cbambli/.
Sorento, a feaport of Naples, in Prin-
cipato Citeriore, and an archbilhop's
fee. It is the birthplace of Torquato
Taflb, and ftands on a peninfula, in the
bay of Naples, at the foot of a moun-
tain of the fame name, 1 7 miles s by e
of Naples. Lon. 14 24 e, lat. 40 36 k.
Soria, a town of Spain, in Old Caftile,
built on the ruins of the ancient Nu-
mantia, near the fource of the Douero,
74 miles E8E of Burgos. Lon. 2 ig w,
lat. 41 50 N.-
Soriano, a town of Naples, in Ca-
labria Ulteriore, 17 miles ene of Nico*
tera.
Soroe, a town of Denmark, in the
ifland of Zealand^ with a royal college,
eridowed with the revenues of a once
rich convent. It is feated on a fmall
lake, 3C mlies wsw of Copenhagen.
Sosiia, a tovrn of Hindooftan, in My-
fore, with a large fort, feated near the
Cavery, 25 miles se of Seringapatam.
Sospello, a town of the county of
Nice, with a trade in dried fruits, par-
ticularly figs ; feated at the foot of three
hi^h mountains, on the river Bevera, 15
miles NK of Nice.
Sovaiio, a town of Tufcany, in the
Siennel'e, 25 miles w of Orvietto, and
45 MNW of Rome.
Souhisc, a town of France, 1.1 the de-
partment of Lower Charente, feated on
an eminence on the river Charente, 23
miles wN w, of Saintcs.
Sotidaky a town of the Crimea, with
the remains of an old fort on a moun-
tain clofc by the fliore- It was formerly
a cunfiderable fcaport, and Hands at the
end of a vaUe^f* which produces thebeft
gntpes and wine in the whole peoin^la,
s^ mile* sw of Cafl&.
Soudan. See Negnlatid.
SouiUact a town of France* ia the At-
partmcnt of Lot, feated on the Borcfe*
3 X miles n of Cahors.
SounJr a ffrait between Sweden and
Denmark* through which iliipe ufually
lail from the Categat i::to the Baltic. It
i» about four miles broad, and the
DaocK take a toll of all merchant ftiipx
that paf» through the cbanuel. bee
Jptiiuere,
SouTy im Syria. See iSur.
SouTt a river of the Netherlands,
which flows from n to s, through Lux-
cmbuiY* and enters the Mofelie, a little
above Treves.
Sourit a town of Perlia* in Lariftan*
fituate onti|«PerJlan gulf, 115 miles sw
of Ormus- Lon. ^5 30 e, lat. 26 i3 N.
Sousa. See Sum-
Sou-tcheou, a city of China, of the
£rft rank, in the province of Kiangnan.
It is fo interfe(fted by canals of frelh
water that Europeans compare^ it to
Venice ; and the country round it is fo
delightful* that the Chinefe call this
dty the paradise of the world. The
brocades and embroideries made here
are efteeraed throughout the whole em*
pire; and it is celebrated for beautiful
woroeB* who are purchafed in diflferent
parts of the country, while infants,
educated here in all the pleaCng arts,
are fold to the opulent- Its popula-
tion k prodigious, and the commercial
intcrcourfe with Grangers fo great, that
it might befuppofed the trade of all the
provinces centered br> «• It is feated on
the. grand canal, aad on a river which
ccm«iunicates with the lake Tai, 360
miles s by c of Peking. Lon. 120 o £*
lat. 3t 33 N.
^ierrainet a town of France, in the
department of Creufe* (4 miles n of
Limoges.
South Sea. See Pmufie Ocean.
SoutAamt a town in Warwickshire*
with a market on Monday, 13 miles s
of Coventry* and ]}% mw of London.
Sotahamptorit ■x borough and the
county- town of Hampihire, with a
market on Tueiday* Thurfday, and
Saturday. Jt is a county of itfelf* gj-
verned by a mayor, who is admiral of
the liberties; and ftands between the
Itchen and Teft, which here flow into
an inlet of the fea, called Triflanton
lay, or Southampton Water. The in-
let is navigid^v almofl to the head fur
Tcflels of confldcrable burden, aqd the
two fivers admit ImaU craft fo^e way
KB the oouRtry. ItwasfiirmeHyaport
or great comment^ f^iU poflTcfles a cod-
fiderable trade* and has a pijuticulsr
connexion with duemfey and Jerfey.
li contains five churches ; is furroundcd
by dilapidated walls with towers ; and
had a ftroi^caftie, now ia ruins. It is
a faihionable place of refort for &a>
bathing ; and has Buauf;idcures of filks
and carpets. Two miles firom this
is Woodmills* where is a manufaAure
of fhip-blocks, whence all the king's
yards are fupplied ; and three miles sb
are the pi^urefque remains of Netley
Abbey. Southampton is the birthplace
of the celebrated Dr. Ifaac W.itt8. Ia
I Sot the number of inhabitants was
7913. A mail-packet fails from this
place every morning at feven for Cowea
in the ifleof Wight. It is iz miles s by
w of Windiefter* and 74WSW of Lon-
don. Lor. I »4 w, lat. 50 54 n.
Southampton^ a town of New York,
in Suffolk county* on the s fide of
Long Ifland, la miles sr of Sagg Har-
bour, and 75 E of New York.
Southbur^t a town of Connefticut, in
Lichfield county* 51 miles nw of Hart-
ford.
Southend, a village in Eflex, at the
mouth of the Thames, 44 miles e of
London. It is the neareft place to the
metropolis for fea-bathing, and has
handfome accommodations for the com-
pany.
iiouthjket, a village in Kent, three
miles sw of GravefeiKl. Some fione
coffins, urns, &c. have been dug up
here, fince the commencement m the
pref«nt century* which evince it to have
been a Roman fiutionj probably the
Yagniaca of Antoninus.
SoutheU, a town of New York, in
Suflblk county, 00 the n fide of an is-
land bay at the k end of Long Ifland,
100 miles BVR of New York. Lon. 72
o w, lat. 41 14 s.
Soutbwarkt a borough in Surry,
which may be confidered as part of Ihe
metropolis, being feated on the op-
polite fide of the Thames, and under
the jurifdi<5tbn of the corporation of
London. It is called the Borough, by
way of diAin^ion, and in 1801 the
number of inhabitants was 67,448. It
contains fix churches, a Roman catholic
chapel* many places of worihip for
diflenters, and feveral charitable foun-
dations* particularly the hofpitals of St.
Thomas and Guy i alfo the King's
Bench and Marflialfea prifons, and a
county-^oal- See London.
SoutHnotil, II town in Nottingham-
ihire* with a market on Saturday. Jt
arcH
of
donl
SI
ifiirmwlfapert
I pofltdTM « COB-
^M a pifticu)«r
niey and Jerfey.
|s ; It furroundcd
ith towers ; and
V ia ruJas. - It is
f refort for fca-
ifatftures of filks
iile« firoan thia
i a manufaAun;
; all the king's
j three miles se
pains of Netley
is the birthplace
faac Watts. Ia
inhabitants was
fails from this
fevcn for Cowest
is I a miles s by
74WSW ofLoa-
. 5054N.
I of New York,
the s fide of
SB of Sagg Har-
York.
Connedicut, in
Jes NW of Hart-
n ElTex, at the
44 miles £ of
eft place to the
hing, and has
ins for the com-
in Kent, three
Some ftone
been dug up
cement <rfthe
irince it to have
probablf the
•lew York, in
fule of an ia-
Long Ifland,
ork. Lon. 7 a
h in Surry,
as part of Ihe
on the op-
a, and under
orporation of
ogroughf by
m 1 80 1 the
t 67,448. It
man catholic
worfhip for
ritablc foun-
•fpitals of St.
the King's
ifoas, and a
Nottingham*
Saturday. Jt
SPA
{s an ancient place, enjoying feveral
privileges different from th? county,
and has « collegiate church. Here are
the ruins of a grand palace, demolifhed
in the civil wars, which belonged to the
archbilhops of York. It is 13 miles ne
of Nottingham, and 129 nnw of Lon-
don.
Southwoldt a feaport in Suffolk, with
a market on Thurfday. It is feated on
a cliff, near a fine bay, with a harbour
to the 8, and the river Blythe, and a
drawbridge on the w ; that it is almoft
furruundcd by water, efpccially at every
high tide. Here a much efleemed fait
is madfe, and it has alfo a trade in corn,
beer, and herrings. It is fometimes
called Sowle or Sole, and its bay is nam-
ed Solebay. In this bay was the great
fcafight, in 167a, between the Dutch
admiral De Ruyter and James duke of
York, in which the vidory was unde*
cided. Southwold is so miles s of
Yarmouth, and 105 sb of London.
Lon. I 54 w, lat. 5» 24 n.
Souto Majort a town of Portugal, in
Beira, 14 miles nvv of Pinhel.
Souvlgny^ a town of France, in the
department of Allier, feated on the
Quefne, ic miles w by s of Moulins.
SoiUi a river in StafTordihire, which
rifes in the w part of the county, flows
by Eccleflial tu Stafford, below which
it receives the Peak, and foon afterward
joins the Trent.
Spat a town of the Netherlands, in
the territory of«Liege, famous for its
mineral waters. That called the Old
Spa confifts of miferable cottages, and
is properly nothing but the fuburb to
the other. The houfes of the New Spa
arc moftly wood and plafter ; but the
more modem anes are of brick and
fione. The church of the capuchins,
and the parifh-church, are both feated
upon eminences. The names of the
five principal wells are Pouhon, Gc-
ronfltrd, Saviniere, Watpotz, and Tun-
nelet. The inhabitants are employed
in making toys for ftrangera. Spa is
feated in a valley, furrounded by moun-
tains, ij miles SE of Liege.
Spain, a kingdom of Europe, 700
miles long and 500 broad ; bounded on
the N by the bay of Bifcay, ne by the
Pyreneess which feparate it frofti France,
lands by the Mediterranean, sw by
the Atlantic, and w by Portugal and
the Atlantic. It contains the provinces
of Old and New Caftile, Andaluiia,
Arragen, EHremadura, Galicia, Leon,
Catalonia, Granada, Valencia, Bitcay,
Afturias, Murcia, and Upper Navarre,
Coioc of which have been fepaiate kiqg-
t
SPA
doms. The air is dry and (erenc, «f-
cept during the equinoAial rains, but
excefTively hot, in the fouthcrn pro*
vinces, in June, July, and Auguft. The
vaft mountains, hoWevcr, that run
through Spain, are beneficial to the in-
habitants by the refrefliing breezes that
come from th^m in the s parts ; though
thofe in ihe n and ne are in the winter
very cold. The toil is very fertile ; but
there are large trafts of uncultivated
ground; and the fuperinr attention
paid to the large flocks of fheep, greatly
impedes the progrefs of agriculture.
Thf produce of the country is wheat,
barley, faffron, honey, fitk, fait, fait-
petre, hemp, barilla, and evfn fugar-
cines, with the richeft and moft deli-
cious fruits that are to be found in
France and Italy ; and its wines are irr
high efteem. Wolves art jthe chief
beaft^ of prey that infeft Spain. The
wild bulls have fo much ferocity, that
bull-fights were the "ic/ft magniticent
fptr(5tacle the court c pain could exhi-
bit. The domeflic animals are horfes,
that 'are remarkably fwift, mules, aflee»
beeves, and fheep, the waol of which is
fuperior to any in Kurope. Spain
abounds in minerals ^nd metals : cor-
nelian, agate, jacinth, loadftone, turcois
flones, quickiilver, iron, copper, lead,
fulphur, gypfum, calamine, cryftal,
marbles of feveral kinds, porphyry, the
finefl jafper, and even diamonds, eme-
ralds, and amethyfts, are found here.
Anciently it was celebrated for gold
and filver mines; but fince the difco-
very of America no attention has been
paid to them. The principal rivers are
the Douero, Tajo, Gnadiana, Guadal*
quiver, and Ebro. Spain, formerly the
moft populous kingdom in Europe, is
now tei7 thinly inhabited ; to which
various caufes have contributed, as the
expulfion of the Moors, the emigra-
tions to the colonies, the vaft numbers
and celibacy of the clergy, and the in-
dolence of the natives. Hi^re is a want
even of the moft necefTiry trades ; and
of tiie few to be met with, the greateft
part are in the hands of the French,
who are very numerous in Spain ; th«
natives thcmfelves, befiide iheir averfion
to work, difdaining to ftoop to han-
dicrafts. They are not, however, whol-
ly without manufa(5tures, but they are
far fhort of that flourifhing condition
they njight attain ; for tiiey ate checked
by the royal monopolies, which extend
to broad cloth, chi«a, glafs, potteryt
paper, faltpeire, fait, fulphur, tobacco,
and fome others. The Spaniards in
gentir^l are taU> their conplAions fwar*
Tl
i
SPA
tliy« thftir countenances cxprellive.
The beauty of the ladies reigns chiefly
in their novels and romances : in their
Jcrfotis. they are fmall and flender.
ealoufy is no longer the charafter-
iftic of a Spanifh hufband : the mar-
riod ladies have here their cortejo, or
inal^ attendant, iit the fame manner
as the Italians have their cicifbeo. The
cdabliflied religion isvpopery ; and here^
the inquifition once reigned in all its
Borrors ; but, although it IHII exifts, it
bas been lately rendered, by the inter*
vetition of the royal authority, com*
paratively harmlels. There are eight
9rchbifliopric8» 46 epifcopal fees, and
24 univerfities, or rather academies.
The Spanifli language fprings from the
Jloman, but many of the wurds are
derived from the Arabic, ufed by the
Moors, wHo for feven centuries held
dominion in this country : the fpeech
is grave, fonorous, and very melodiou8>
Spain, once the moft free, is n»w one
pf the moft defpotic monarchies in
i^urope. It had once its cortcs or par-
liaments, which had great privileges ;
t)ut now, though not abfolutely abo*
lifhed, they have no part in the govern*
jnent. They are aflembled indeed, oc-
cafionally (as at the acceflion of the
monarch) but merely as an appendage
to the royal ftate, without power, or
any other confuquence than what re-
fults from their individual rank. But
the defpotifm of the monarchy is ba*
lanced by the powe;- of the church, to
whichthe noblesare fubmiffive devotees ;
and by many councils, which are re-
fponlible for any unwife or unfucccfsful
meafures. In 1A08, the French at-
temptiid to overturn the government of
this country ; and, having allured the
royal family into France, the Spaniards
appointed a fiipreme Junta of govern-
ment of the kingdom, -who, aided by
^he Britiih, are endeavouring to reftore
Ferdinand vii, their abfent king. Ma-
drid is the capital.
Saifi, Ntiiu- See Mexico.
Speitla, a town of Barbary, in the
kingdom of Tunis, near which arc cx-
teniive and magnificent ruins. It is
lituate on a riling ground, (haded all
over with juniper-trees, 90 miles sw of
Tunis, and 100 sse of Buna. Lon. 9
15 K, lat. 35 40 N.
Sfialairot or Spalafto, a flrong feaport
of Dalmatia, and an archbiihop's fee.
. The harbour is large>«nd deep, and well
|. frequented. Without the walls is a
P^Tufphurcoiis fpring, of great benefit in
chronical difcafes. Here are the ruins of
the palace. ufDioclefiap, <tud .of a mog-
SFE
n'tficent aquedudt. In i784> '^nahtro
WM nearly depopulated by the plague.
It is feated on a peninfula m the gull of
Venice, '70 miles se of Zara, and 102
Nw of Ragufa. Lon. 17 31 e, tot. 44
SpaUing, a town in Lincolnfliire,
with a market on Tuefday. It is feated
on the Welland, and from its neatnefs,
and the canals in the ftreets, refembles
a Dutch town. It has a good carrying
trade in corn and coal ; and much hemp
and flax is* grown in its neighbourhood
It is 1 4 miles s by w of Bofton, and 97
^ of London.
Spaitf A town and caftleof Franconia,
in the principality of Anfpach. The
vicinity produces excellent hops. It i«
feated on the Retzat, 16 miles ese of
Anfpach.
Spandau, a town of Brandenburg, in
the Middle mark, with a fine fortrefs.
The arfenal is in fubtcrranean vaults,
and there is a prifon for ftate criminals.
.Bayonets, ramrods, fword*blades, and
fabrcs are made here ; alfo mufket-bar-
rels, which are fent hence to Potfdam
to be finifhed. It is feated on the
Havel, nppofite the influx of the Spree,
eight miles wnw of Berlin, and 12 ne
of Potfdam.
Spangenberf^r & town and caftle of
Germany, in Lower HefTe, feated on a
mountain, a 8 miles se of Caifel.
Spanishtown. See Jago de la. Vega.
Spartel, Capty a promontory on the
coaft of Barbary, at the entrance of the
ftrait of Gibraltar. Lon. 5 56 w, lat.
35 50 N.
Spari'tento, Cape, a promontory of
the kingdom of Naples, at the se ex-
tremity of Calabria Ulteriore. Lon.
1640 K, lat. 3750 N.
Spean. See Lochy, Loch,
Speights Town, a. feaport of Barba-
dos, formerly much frequented by the
Briftol traders, and thence called Little
Bristol It is fituate on the NW coaft
of the ifland, and defended by two
forts. Lon. 58 31 w, lat. 13 15 N.
Spello, a town of Italy, in the duchy
of Spoleto. Here are the ruins of a
theatre, and other remains of antiquity.
It is feated on a hill, 13 miles n of
Spoleto.
Speij, a rapid river of Scotland , which
ifTuefiVrom a fmall lake in the centre of
Inverncfslhire, flows ne into Murray-
fhire, then divides that county from
Banffliire for more than 20 miles, ard
enters the German ocexn at Garmouth.
Spezzia, or Spetia, a town in the
territory of Genoa, with a good hi>^
bour. It is feated at the foot of a hill,
■ ^r<^W7rv i;~'—~"-'9S6Pi"frTj»'T5."l
i7«4» "^Ttlatro
] by the plague,
ila in the guU of
' Zara, and loz
17 31 E,bit. 44
in Lincolnfliire,
lay. It is feated
rom its neatnefs»
Irect8» refembles
a good carrying
and much hemp
s ntMghbourhoed
' Boftouy and 97
ftleofFranconla,
Anfpach. The
[lent hops. It »
16 miles ESE of
Brandenburg, in
\\ a fine fortrefs.
terranean vaults>
)r ftate criminals,
vord-bladtis, and
alfo muiket-bar-
ence to Potfdam
s feated on the
[lux of the Spree,
erlin* and 12 ne
vn and caftle of
elTe, featc^d on a
of Caffcl.
Tagd de la. Vega.
►montory on the
e entrance of the
on. 5 56 w, lat.
a promontory of
, at the SE ex<
Ulteriore. Loii.
Loch.
aport of Barba-
equented by the
.'nee called Little
on the NW coaft
fended by two
at. 13 I? N.
[ly, in the duchy
the ruins of a
lins of antiquity.
13 miles N of
Scotland, which
in the centre of
IE into Murray-
at county from
n 20 miles, and
m at Garmouth.
a town in the
ith a good hi.^
Jje foot of a hill,
S PI
on a gulf of the fame name, 47 miles
SE of Genoa. Lon. 9 37 e, lat. 44
10 w.
Spiee lilands. See Moluccas.
Spielberg, a town of Suabia, in the
principality of Oetttngen, eight miles
NE of Octtingcn, and 13 si>e of An-
fpach.
Spietx, a town of SwiflTerland, 'n the
canton of Bern, feated on the w fide of
the lake Thun, 40 miles sse of Bern.
Splgelburgt a town and caftle of
Weftphalia, capital of a county of the
fame name, lying within the principality
of Calenberg. It is i % miles e by s of
Halem.
Splgno, a town of Piedmont, in
Montferratj with a caftle, feated on the
Belbo, 1 1 miles ssw of Aqui, and 40
SE of Turin.
Spllembergo, a town of Ita'y, in
Friuli, feated on the Tagliamento, 14
miles w of Udina, and 47 n n e of Ve-
nice.
Splliby, a town in Lincoln/hire, with
a market on Monday, feated on the fide
of a hill, 1^0 miles e of Lincoln, and 133
N by E or London.
H/'lnalonga, a feaport of the illand of
Candia, with a good harbour and a
citadel. It is fituate near a cape of the
fame name, 30 miles s of Candia. Lon.
35 43 E, lat. 35 ao N.
Sfiire, a late bifhopric of Germany,
in the circle of Lower Rhine, .50 miles
in length, and 30 where broadeft, and
divided into two parts by the Rhine.
It is a mountainous country, covered
with forefts, but produces corn, wine,
cheftnuts, and almonds. The part e of
the Rhine is now fnbjedt to the mar-
grave of Baden ; and that on the w of
the river is annexed to France, and in-
cluded in the department of Mont Ton-
Jierre.
Spire, a city of France, in the de-
partment of Mont Tonnerre, lately of
Germany, and capital of the bifhppric
of the fame name. In ancient times the
emperors held many diets at Spire, and
it was the feat of'the imperial chamber
till 1689, when the city was burnt by
the French, and not rebuilt till after the
peaceof Ryfwick in 1697. M oft of the
citizens are Lutherans ; but there are
15 catholic churches and convents,
among which the college formerly be-
longing to the jefuits claims the firft
place. Spire was taken by the French
in 1734; and, in 1792, it furrendered
to the republican troops of France, who
evacuated it the next year, but re-enter-
ed it in 1794. It is feated on the w
fide of the Rhine, at the influx of the
StO
Spirebach, 51 miles s b^ < of Ment/.
Lon. 8 39 E, lat. 49 19 n.
Spiritu Santo, a province of Brafil,
between that of Port* Seguro and Rio
Janeiro. It is fertile, and watered by a
river of the fame name, which flows
into a large bay of the Atlantic. The
capital is of the fame name, with a
caftle, and its port is a fmall bay about
10 miles from the ocean. Lon. 41 10
w, lat. ao le s. '
Splrttu Santo, a town of Cuba, near
the middle of the illand, 155 miles esl
of Havanna. Lon. 79 37 e, lat. aa
15 N-
^ Spital, a town of Germany, in Ca-
rinthia, feated on the Lifer, near the
Drave, 15 miles wmw of Villach. ''
Spltal, a village in Lincolnfhire, la
miles N of Lincoln, on the Roman
caufeway, leading to the Humber.
Here are two fprings, once called Ju-
lian's Well, and the other Caftleton
"Well. Great numbers of Roman coins
have been dug up in this village.
^pithead, a famous road in the En-
gliih channel, between Portfmouth and
the ifie of Wight, where the royal navy
frequently rendezvous.
bpltzbergen, the moft northern coun-
try uf Europe, confifting of a group
of dreary iflands, lying between 9 and
ao E Ion. and 76 46 and 80 go N lat.
having Greenland to the w, and Nova
Zembia to the e. The Mainlant!, or
firincipal illand, is 300 miles in lr>ngth.
t was difcovered, in 1533, by fir Hugh
Willoughby, who called it Ureenland,
fuppofing it to be a part of the weftern
continent. In 1595 it was vifitcd by
Barentz and CorneUus, two Dutchmen,
wlio pretended to be the oiijginal dif-
coverers, and called it Spitzbergen, or
fharp mountains, from the many iharp-
pointcd and rocky mountains with
which it abounds. The glaciers on the
NE prelent a fingiilar appearance, being
high cliffs of an eaterald colour, impen-
dent over the fea, with cataradts of
melted fnow, and a background of
black conic hills, ftreaked with white.
In the winter it is continual night for
four months. The ai\imals are deer,
bears and foxes. The Ruffians from
Archangel mamtain a kind of colony
here. TotheSE of this dreary group
are fmall ifies called the Seven Sifters,
the moft arctic land yet difcovered.
Splugen, a town of Swifierland, in
the Grifons, feated near the fourcc of
the Hinder Rhine, i6 miles Nw <^
Chiavenna. ^.
SpoletOf a duchy of tiSty, in the Ec-
clefiafticar State, <<, miles long and 40
tta
ST A
broad ; bounded on the n by Ancona and
UrbinOy e by N4pl«8> ■ by Sabina and
the patrinnony of St. Peter, and w by
Orvieto and Perugino. It waa anciently
calird Umbria.
StoUte, a town of Italy, capital of a
div:ny of the fame name, and a bifliop'a
fee. The caftle, ftanding on a hill, !•
conne*!ted with the town by a bridge i
and the cathedral is a fine ftruAure.
Spoleto fufiercd greatly by an earth-
quake in 1703, and again in if 67- Here
are the ruins of an amphitheatre, a
triumphal arch, aad an aqueduA. It
is feated in a country noted for good
wine, near the r4ver Teflino, 40. miles e
of Orvieto, and 60 n by b of Rome.
Lun. 13 6 B» lat. 43 45 n.
Sponh*imi^ a town of Prance, in the
department of Rhine and Mofelle, late-
ly of Germany, and the capital of a
county of its name. It is feated among
hills, covered with vineyards, %j, miles w
by s of Mentz. Lon. 7 38 b, lat. 49 54 n.
S/>oro<w, a town of Lithuania, in the
palatinate of Brzefc, on a lake to which
ft gives name, 34 miles w by m of Pinik.
•S/rer, a river which rifes in the
mountains of Bohemia, pafTes through
Lufatia into Kfrandenburg, flows by
Berlin, and joins the Havel» oppoflte
Spandau.
Spremierg, a town of Lufatia, on an
ifland fbrmcd by the river Spree, 14
miles s by E of Cotbus.
SpringfieUt a town of MalTachufets,
in Hampfhire coumy. It has a con-
fiderable inland trade, and ftands on the
ConneAicut, 20 miles s by e of North-
ampton, and 96 wsw of Bofton.
Sprifigfitldf a town of Kentucky, in
Bourbon county, fituate on the Licking,
60 milefi >v by N of Frankfort.
Sprottaut a town of Silefla, in the
principality of Glogau, on a river of the
lame name, at its confluence with the
Bobcr, iomilc8SE«fSagan,and3owsw
of Glogau.
Spurn Head, a promontoiy on the se
coaft of Yorkfliire, at the mouth of the
Humber. on which is a lighthoufe.
Lon. o 15 E, lat. 53 38 K.
Squilace, a town of Naples, in Ca-
labria Ulteriw*. It was much injared
by the earthquake of 1783, and is feated
on the Favelone^ near a gulf of its
name, 35 miles sw of St. beverino.
Lon. 16 40 E,. lat. 39 3 N.
Stailct a town w tbc Netherlands,
in the territory of Liege, with a cele-
jbrated Benedifline abbey. Here is a
i^huOiAure ofleather, and a trade in
cloths and fi^fpi- It is feated oa the
Reoht, 14 maw « ofLimburg.
S T A
Staifet a town of Lower Saxony, in
the duchy of Bremen, with a fortrefs, a
college, and three churches. It is the
principal town oftheduchy» Bremen*
the capital, being a free city ; and is the
feat ot the regency and chief courts of
juftice of the duchies of Bremen and
"Vcrden. It ftands on the Swingel, near
its confluence with the Elbe, 43 miles
NE of Bremen. Lon. 9 a8 e, lat. 5^
36 N.
Stadt am Ifof, a town of Bavaria, on
the N fide of the Danube, conneOed by
a bridge with the city of Ratifbon.
Stadtbergt a town of the duchy of
Wcftphalia, on the frontiers of thv
county of Waltleck. Part of it, called
Mariberg, ftands en the fite of the fa-
mous Saxon fort of Elmefbiu'g, which
was taken by Charlemagne, who built
achurch here in honour of St. Peter and
St. Paul. Stadtberg is lituate on the
Dumel, 14 miles a of Paderborn.
StaJtAagen, a ftrong town of Weft-
pbalia, in the county of Schauenberg,
with a palace belonging to the prince
of ScBauenberg-Lippe, in the garden of
which is .'I mmeral fpring. ft is eight
miles E of Minden. and 10 k of Rintela.
Stafardmy a town of Piedmont, with
.1 rich abbey. Near this place a viftory
was. gained by the French in 1690, over
the duke of Savoy. - It is Heated on the
Po, three miles n of SalUzzow
Staja, a famous iUand of Scotland*
on the vr fide of that of Mull, but only
one mile in length. The whole sw
end is fupported by ranges of bafaltic
pillars, moftly above 50 feet high, and
four feet' in thicknefs. Here is alfo a
magnificent cavern called Fin-ma-coul,
or Fingal'is Cave, which extends 250
feet in length. Its entrance is a natural
arch, 53 feet wide and ir; high, from
which the cavern is lighted, fo that its
furthcft extremity mav be feen ; it is
fiipported on each fiiie by ranges of
columns, and roofed by the fragments
of others that have been broken off in
forming it. The bottom of the cave is
filled by the fea, rcachiiig to the ex-
tremity, and in very calia weather a
boat may fail into it. This fingiilar
ifland is every where fupported by ba-
faltic rocks and pilLirs, and' fo much
hollowed by various caves, that its
whole furface is (haken in ftormy
weather. It is the greatcft natural cu-
riofity in Europe, if not in the. world,
yet was fcarcely known before the
year 177s.
Stajfehtcint a town of Franconia*
rn the principality of Bamberg, fituate
on the Lauter, 16 mile« n seof Bamberg.
stX
town
manil
caftle
<onq
trooi:
was*
meni
a fine
thefli
lioufil
wer Saxony, in
irith a furtrefit a
chci. It it the
luchy» Bremen*
city ; and it the
chief courtt of
of Bremen and
le Swingcl, near
Elbe, 43 milet
9 s8 E, bt. 5j
n of Bavaria, on
e, conne\Jled by
F llatifbon.
f the duchy of
rentiers of thw
'art of it, called
! fite of the fa-
ne/burg, which
gnc, who built
of St. Peter and
fuiiate on the
iderborn.
town of Weft,
f Scliauenberg,
f to the prince
n the garden of
ng' ft 18 eight
10 KofRintela.
i*iedmont, with
place a viAory
h in 1 690, over
I ftated on the
i of Scotland,
Mull, but only
he whole sw
get of bafaltic
feet high, and
Here is alfo a
Fin-ma-coul,
1 extends 250
ice is a natiirai
r? hfgh, from
ed, fothatiti
)c fettn ; it is
by ranges of
the fragments
broken off in
of the cave it
to the cx-
weather a
This Angular
jorted by ba-
and' fo much
ves,. th.it its
in ftormy
t natural cu-
in the, world,
before the
• Franconia,
berg, fituate
t of Bamberg.
la
• STA
Stafforit a borough anfl the county
town of Staffbrdfhire, goverm^d by a
mayor, with a market on Saturday, and
manufaAurci of cloth and ihoct. A
callle was built hcr<> by William the
Conqueror, which was garrifoned by the
troops of Chnrlet i, and being taken,
was demolilhi'd by order of the parlia>
ment. It has two ]>ari(h -churches, and
a fine fquare market^piaco, in which it
theihire-hall, and under it is ihemarkot-
houfi;. It is feated on the river Suw,
34 miles ENR of Shrewftury, and 135
NW of London. i.on. % 4 w, lat. 51
48 N.
Staffordthirti a county of England,
55 miles long and 42 broad ; bounded
on the w by Shropfhire, nw by Che-
fliirc. NE and £ by Derbyfliire, se by
Warwicicfhire, and s by Worecftcrfbire.
It contains 780,800 acres; is divided
itito Ave hundreds, and 181 p.nriihes;
has one city und 19 market-towns ; and
fends 10 members to parliament. The
lumber of inhabitants in 1801 was
2.^9»'53 The principal rivers are the
Trent, Dove, bow, Churnct, Stour,
Peak, and Manyfokl. The foil in the
s part iH good and rich, though Jiot
without li(.ath.s, which take up a large
tradt of ground : it abounds in coal and
iron. The middle is level and plain ;
tJie ?i hilly and barren, being full of
lieaths and moors, and where they ufe
peat for fuel. There are alfo good
(tone quarries, plenty of alabafter, and
Kmeftone. This county is famous for
ils potteries, and for the iron trade in all
its varieties.
Staj^ira, a town of European Turkey,
in Macedonia, celebrated for being the
birthplace of Ariftotle, whence he is
called the Stagirite. It is now called
btavios, .nnd feated on the gulf of Con-
tell;!, 16 miles WNW of ContefTi.
Stagnot a feaport of Ra^afnn Dal-
matia, and a bllhop's fee, leatcd on a
peninfu1a,in thegulf of Venice, 30 mile^
NW of Ragufa. Lon. 17 50 k, lat. 43
12 N.
Staines, a town in Middlefex, with a
market on Friday, feated on the Thames,
over which is an iron bridge. At fome
diftance above the bridge, at Coin
Ditch, is the London Mark Stone,
which is the tincient boundary to the
jurifdiAion of the city of London on the
Thames, and bears the date of liUo.
iJtaines is j6 milus w by s of London.
Utalbridge^ a tqwn in Dotfetihire,
>vith a market on Tu^fday, and a mar
nufadture of ftockings. Here is an an.,
cient crufs of oneftone, ai feet high, on a
bafe of ci^ht feet. It it feated near the
STA
Stour, 30 mUct n by 1 of Dorchefter^
and 1 1 a w by s of Loadon.
Stakff a village i^ Lancafhire, nine
milea a of Manchcftcr, on the rlvtr
Tame, over which it a bridge into
Cheflure. It is noted for weavc;-ii,
diers, and prelTers of woollen cloth, and
hat fome inare in the cotton trade.
Stalimene. See Ltmnoj.
Stamfordt a borough in Lincolnfliire,
governed by a mayor, with a market oil
Alondav and Friday. It is feated on
the Welland, which it navigable h«nce»
and hasagood trade, particularly in malt
and freeftone. Here fubfifts the notable
cullom of Borough Englifh, by which
the younger font inherit the lands and
tenement! of the father dying inteftate.
Here are fix pari(h>churchc8, aad it had
formerly a college, whofe ftudentt re*
moved to Brazen-Nofe college, in Ox->
ford. It is 44 miles s of Lincoln, and
66 N by w of London. Lon. o 31 w,
lata j2 42 N.
Stamfordt a town of ConneAicut, in
Fairfield county, fituate on Mill river,
which flows into Long Ifland found, 44
miles NK of New York,
Stampalia, an ifland of the Archi-
pela^^fo, 30 miles w of Stanchio. It is
iz niibs long and live broad, almoft
without inhabitants, and wants frefli
water.
iStanc/iio, a fertile ifland of the Ar-
chipelago, near the coaft of Natolia, 40
miles NW of Rhodes. It is the ancient
Cos, the birthplace of Hippocrates and
Apdles; and is a,; miles long and 10
broad. It abounds with cyprefs and
turpentine trees, and a great variety of
medicinal plants. The capital, of the
fame name, is a bifliop's fee ; feated at
the foot of a mountain, at the bottom of
a bay, und has a good harbour defended
by u caftle. Lon. s6 54 E,1at. 36 45 n.
Standout a town in Hertfordfhire,
with a market on Friday : feated on the
river Rib, eight miles n e of Hertford,
and 27 N by £ of London.
Steniford, a town of Kentucky, chief
of Lincoln county, fituate in a fertile
plain, 10 miles sse of Danville, and 40
i by w of Lexington.
Stanhope, a town in the county of
Durham, with a market on Tuefday.
It is chiefly inhabited by miner.-;, and
feated on the Wear, ao miles w of Dur*
ham, and 26.) K by w London.
Stanley, a town in Gloucefterfli!re»4
with a market on Saturday, 1 a miles i^^
of Glouccfter, and 105 w^if:London.
Stanmore, a village in Mwldlefex, twf
iniles NW of Edgware. The common
is fo elevated a fpot, that \\. is faid to be
8 T A
on a level with the battlementa of Har-
row church, and fome trees here are
viflble from the German ocean.
Stamvix, Fort, a fort in the ftate of
New York, rometimes called New Fort
Schuyler. It i^ feated on Mohawk
rhrer, near its fource> 68 mile« vw of
Albany. Lon. 74 5* w, hi. a^ 18 n.
Stann, a town of Swiflerland, ca-
pital of the Lowrr Valleyr of Under-
waiden. Near this place, in 1798, the
troops of the canton of Dnderwaldcn
were totally defeated by the French,
who afterward burnt the town and put
the inhabitants to the fword. It is
feateu in a plain, at the foot of the
Stanzberg, right miles se of Luccrn,
and 38 E of Hern.
Stara liiua, a town of Ruflia, in the
government of Novogorod, on the river
Polilh, near the lake Ilmen, 40 miles s
of Novogorod. Lon. 33 % k, lat. 57
40 N.
Starbrock, a feaport of Guiana, and
the feat of government for the fettle-
ment of Demerary and Iffcqiiibo. It
ftandb' on tlic n fide of the river Deme-
raiy, nearly two miles above the fort,
which commands its entrance. Lon-
.58 o w, lat. 6 30 M.
Starenberg, a town and caflle of Ba-
varia, near the n end of tke lake Wurm-
fee, 14 miles sw of Munidh.^
atargarJ, a town of Lower Saxony,
in MtcklcnbHt-g-Strelitz, with a caftle
belonging to the prince, 10 miles n by
E of Strditz.
Stargard, New, a town of Further
Pomerania, with a college, fine manu-
faAures of wool, and a confidcrable
trade. It was taken by the Ruffians in
J 758. It (lands on the river Ihna, which
flows to the Odsr, and is ao miles t of
Stettin. Lon. 1 5 13 e, lat. 53 a6 N.
Start Point, a promontory on the
coafl pf Devonihire, 14 miles s by w of
Dartmouth. Lon. 3 48 w, lat. 50 .'3 n.
Stgsfurt, a town of Upper Saxony, in
the duchy of Magdeburg, with fome
good falt-works, 31 miles ssw of Mag-
deburg.
Staten Hand, an illand of New York,
1 8 miles long and fix broad, which forms
the county of Richmund. On tlie s
fide ?i a tra(5t of level land ; but the
iRand in general is rough, and the hills
high. Richmond is the only town of
any note.
Staten Land, a barren craggy iiland,
near the se point of Terra del Fuego,
in 55 s lat..^vThepaflage between them
' is the ftrait|^Le Klaire.
Statesburgt 3. town of S Carolina,
chief of cicrmout county, fituate on
S T E ,
Beech creek, which jbini the Waterec a
few miles w of the town. It is ao miles
E of Camden, and 95 w by w of Charlef-
ton.
Stavanger, a feaport of Norway, in
the government of Bergen, capital of a
province of the fame name. Near it is
a fortrefs, called Dofwick. It is fcatcd
on a peninfula, 95 miles s of Bergen.
Lon. 5 55 K, lat. 58 5« N.
Stavtren, a town of Holland, in
Friefland, formerly a rich city and fea-
port, but now much decayed, and the
harbour choked up. The ancient kings
of Friefland made it their ordinary rc-
fidencc, and there remains enough of
its former fplendour to make it a con-
fidcrable town. It has ftill fome trade,
ef(ieciaHy in filhinvr, and in puflage boats
over the pools and lakts of the neigh-
bourhood. It is feated on the Zuider
Zee, eight niiU-s w of Sloten, and 17 ne
of Enchuyfcn. Lon. 5 13 e, lat. ja
54 N.
Stavffen, a town of Suabia, in the
Brifgaii, fituate on the Meblbach, eight
miles s of Friburg. ^
Stauffviihuig, a town and caftle of
Germany, in Upper Heflc, fituate on
the Lohn, five miles nn e of Gieflen.
Staunton, a town of Virginra, chief of
Augufta county, fituate on Middle river,
a water of the Potomiic, 100 miles ssw
of Winchefter. Lon. 79 35 w, lat. 38
Stavro-i. See Stagira.
'Stanbergcn,itow\i of Dutch Brabant,
formerly a flrong place, with a con-
venient harbour ; but the fea has retired
from it about three miles, which, with
the calamities it has fuflTered by war, has
reduced it to a poor town. It has a
communication with the Meufe, and is
feven miles n of Bergen op Zoom.
Steenkeer, a town of Norway, in the
province of Drontheim, 36 miles ne of
Drontheim.
Ste^nkirk, a village of thoNctherlandg,
in Hainault, famous for the vidory ob-
tained over William III of England, in
169a, by the dultc of Luxemburg. It
is 15 miles n of Mons.
Stecnnvyck, a town of Holland, in
Overyfltl, feated on the river Aa, 18
miles N of Zwoll.
Stege, a feiiport of Denmark, on the
N coaft of the ifie of Mona, almoft fur-
rounded by a lake, 4a miles s by w of
Copenhagen. Lon. 13 jj E, fat. 55
4N.
Stegeburg, a feaport of Sweden, in E
Gothland, feated on the Baltic, 25 miles
s of Nikoping, and 8a sw of Stockholm.
Lon. 16 40 E, lat. 58 16 K.
• the Watereea
• It ia 20 miles
iy w of Charlef-
of Norway, in
m, canital of a
me. Near it is
■k- It is fcatcd
'8 s of Bergen.
>f Holland, in
:h city and fea-
!cayed, and the
ic ancient kings
ir ordinary re-
lina enough of
make it a con-
^ill fome trade,
in pdflnge boats
of the reiph-
on the Zuider
iten, and 17 nk
»3 E, lat. jz
Suabia, in the
leblbach, eight
and caftle of
:fle, fituatp on
'■ of GieflTen.
irginra, chief of
n Middle river,
100 milt^g ssw
lat. 38
w
Dutch Brabant,
with a con-
fea has retired
. which, witli
•ed by war, has
>wn . It has a
Meufe, and is
p Zoom,
forway, in the
36 miles NE of
e Netherlands,
the vidory ob-
)fEnghnd, in
ixemburg. It
f Holland, in
river Aa, 18
imark, on the
la, almofl: fur-
lies s by w of
E, fat.
'J
55
Sweden, in E
altic, 25 miles
of Stockholm,
r.
8TE
Stiitit a finaU independent towh of
SwiflerUnd, in the eanton of Zurich,
fettedon then fide of the Rhine, where
it iflbet from the lake of ConAance.
Near it in the ancient caftle of Hohenk<
lingen, now converted into a watch«
tower. The church ia on the oppofite
fide of the Rhine, in a place called Burg,
which is connected to the town by a
bridge. It is 15 miles w by n of Con-
ftanca.and 25 ne of Zurich.
Steirit a town of Auftria, on the n
fide of the Danube, over which is a long
wooden bridge to Mautern. Between
Stein and Krems is a military manufac-
ture, in which metal articles, I'abreHicluth,
and clothes are made and kept. Stein
is two miles w of Krems, and 13 n by
w ofSt. Polten.
Stein, a town and caftle of Germany,
in Carnioia, on the Feiftritz, 11 miles n
of L.iubach.
Sftin, a town and caftle of Germany,
in Carinthia, on the Drave, 1 a miles sb
of Ciagenfurt.
Stei»au, a town of Silelia, capital of a
circle, in the principality of Wolau. It
has manufactures of cloth, and is feated
near the Oder, 16 miles nne of Lig-
flitz.
Steinfurt, a town of Weftphalia, ca-
pital of a county of its name, with a
Calvinift- academy ; feated on the Aa,
lo rniles sse of uentheim, and 33 nw
of Munttfr.
Steinfieim, a town of Germany, in the
circle of Lower Rhine, with a caftle,
near the river Maine, four miles se of
Uanau.
SUinhude, a town of Weftphalia, in
the county of Schauenburg, on the s
fide of Steinhudermere, in which is the
ftrong fortrefs of Wilhem(lcin. It is 15
miles Nw of Hanover.
Sieinhurst, a town of Lower Saxony,
in Uolftein, with a caftle, 14 miles ssw'
of Lubec.
Sienayt a town of France, in the de-
partment of Meufe, on the river Meule,
az miles nnw of Verdun.
Stendal, a town of Brandenburg, ca-
pital of the Old mark. Here is a colony
of French Calvinifts, and fcvcral ma-
nufadures. It ftands on the rivulet
Ucht, five miles w of the Elbe, .and 36
N by E of Magdeburg. Lon. u 58 e,
lat. 5335 N.
Sternberg^ a town of Brandenburg,
in the New mark. It carries on a great
commerce in cattle, and is ao miles
«NB of Frankfort.
Sternbtrgt a town of Lower Saxony,
in the duchy of Mecklenburg, fituate
on a lake 16 miles sb of Wifinar.
- 8 T E
SifmUrgt a town and calHc of Mo*
ravia, in the circle of Olmutz, 10 taXkn
NEofOlmutz. .
Sterxingen, a town of Oermsny, In
Tyroty celcbratt'd for its fword-bladea.
In the neighbourhood are filVer mines.
It is feated at the foot of a mountain^,
on the Eyfoch, 1 a miles kw of Brixcn.
Stettin, a foitified feapnrt of Hithef
Ponoerania, capital of that part which
lately belonged to Prulfu. It is k
handfome town, containing about ae,oo6
inhabitants, exclufive of the garrifon^
has nnmerous manufa£turc8» particu-
larly of cloth* ftuiis, hats, ftockings,
yarn, cotton, ribands, paper, and can-
vas ; and carries on a confidorxbic
trade to all parts of Europe. Timber
is the principal article of exportation;
and (hip building is a very profitable
branch of employment. Here are three
forts, five parifli-churchss, and a royal
college. In 1795, a fire confumed a
great number of houfes. In 1806, this
place, fiirnifhed with 160 pieces of
cannon and a garrifon of AO0O men, fur-
rendered to the French. It is feated oft
the Oder, 70 miles nne of Berlin. Lor.
14 44 E, lat. 53 30 N.
Stetin Neiv, a town of Further Po-
mcraiiia, with a caftle, fituate on the
Willem, amid lakes on the frontiers of
PruflTia, 55 miles se of Colberg, and 6»
ENE of New iStargard.
Ste'venagty a town in Hertford (hire*
with a market on Friday,. la miles
NNW of Hertford, and 31 n by w of
London.
Stevemburgi a town of Virginia, oil
the road from Philadelphia to Staim-
ton, J3 milt'R sw of Winoheftc,
Stevenston, a town of Scotland, io
AyrQiire, famous for the coa) ftratu in
its viciflity. It is fituate on a hill, fiye
miles NW of Irvine.
Steveniwerty a fortrefs of the Ne-
therlands, in Upper Gelderl.ind, fe.ited
on the Meufe, fix miles ssw of Ru-
remaiide.
Stewart Llands, five iflaiKls in the
Pacific ocean, difcovered by capt:dlk
Hunter in 1791, and named by him in
honour of admiral Keith Stewart. Lon.
163 18 E, lat. 8 a6 s.
Stewartotit a town of Scotland,, in
AyrOiire, with a noted manufadtute Q|f
bonnets, fix miles n of Irrine.
Ste<warton, a town of IrelantU, ni' tibe
county of Tyrone, five nMlea nnk of
Dimgannon.
Steyning, a borough in. Suflex,witfc'a
market on WednefdlaW^ln its ehisich
were buried St. CuthmMptid Etherwolf,
kjing of Weil'ox, father of AJ%d. it »
S TI
t| mllei w by N of Levres* and 50 tw
of London.
Sttyr, « town of Auftria, which hai «
great trade in articirs of iron and ftee).
"lie French entered it in iflooi and
concluded an armlftice for a peace with
the Aiidrians. It it fcated at tlie con-
flux of the Steyr with the Ens, ao milei
at of Lintz.
Steyrtjf, a town and eaftle of AuQria.
fituate on a mountain, on the n fide of
the Danube, eight miles e of Lintz.
StieibatutH, a town and caAle of
W<'ftphalia, in the principality of E
Friefland, aa miles esb of Emden.
StijfliaKOt a town of Naples, in Ba-
fllicata; famous for its baths ; feated
near the Salandreila, a6 miles as£ of
Aceronza.
Stillvaattr, a town of New York, in
Albany county, on the w fide of the
Hiidfon, 25 miles a of Albany.
StUten- a town in Huntingdonfhire,
eelf-brated for u rich kind of cheefe, faid,
however, not to be the produft of its
reighbourhood, but of Nlelton Mow-
bray, in Lticrftrrfliire. It is 14 miles
a by F. of Stamford, and 75 n by e of
London. i
Stinehar, a river of Scotl.ind, in the
% part of Ayrfliire, which has a r.^pid
courfe of a6 miles, and enters the ocean
below Ballantrae.
Stirioy a duchy of Germany, in the
circle of Auftria, iis miles long and 17
broad > bounded on the n by Auftria, 8
by Hungary, s by Carniola, and w by
Carintbia and Salzburg. It is divided
into ^Tpperand Lower Stiria ; the former
€Ont "■ the circles of Judcnburg and
Bruck, aiul the latter thofe of Gratz,
Marchburg, and Cilley. Thongh a
xnountaijnous country, there is much
land fit for tillage, and the foil i» fertile.
The raountaine are clothed with oak,
beech, and pine ; every kind of grain is
well cultivated, and the white wine is
very pleafant. It contains jnines. of
excellent iron, whence the arms made
he^ are in great efteem ; alfo mines of
lead and coal. The inhabitants are
zealous worlhippers of the virgin Mary.
Gratz and Judenburg are the chief
towns.
Stirling^ a borough of Scotland, ca-
fital of Stirlinglhire, feated on the river
orth, on a hill, which terminates
abruptly in a fteep bafaltic rock. On
this rock is an ancient caftle, once a
place of great ftrength, and often the
yiene of bloo^ contention. The pa-
lace, erededjw Janvea v, is a ftately
building; thl^utfide curioufly orna-
mented with grotefque figures. Her*
8T O
krc two ehurthes and a fiimoui gram-
mar fcbool. In the town and itii neigh,
bourhood are raanufaAures of carpt-tsi
ihaloons, and other woollen (luffs ) and
the cotton trade is very flourifhinK. A
falmon fifhery, belongmg to the town
is let to a company, who fend the fifti
chiefly to the London and Edinburg
markets. Stirling, from its commodious
fituation, commands the pafs betwem
the N and s part of Scotland. In 1801,
the number of inhabitants was 5,356,
It is jo miles nw of Edinburg. Lon. 3
45 w, lat. 56 6 N.
StirliHgihirt, a county of Scotlnnd,
35 miles long and 10 broad ; bounded
on the N by Perthfhire, n e by Clack-
mananfhire and thefrith of Forth, |i>e by
Linlithgowftiire, s by Lanerkfliire and
Dncnbartonihire. and w by Dumhar-
tonlhire. It is divided into 22 p.iri(hes,
and the number of inhabitants in 1801
was 50,815. The principal riwrs are
the Forth, Carron, and Avon ; and the
great canal crofles h from the mouth of
the Carron. The s part of <he county
is mountainous, but the part near the
Forth is fertile. It abounds in coal,
irondone, aid llmrdone.
Stirum, a town of Weftphalia, in the
duchy of Berg, feated on the Roer, u
miles N of Dufil'ldorp.
Stoekacb, a town of Suabia, in the
landgravate of Ncllenbnrg. Near this
town, in 1799, the Auurians gained a
viclory over the French; but in i^oo,
the latter defeated the former, and
took poflciTion of the town. It is feat-
ed on a river of the £tme name, 17
miles N£ of Conflance.
StocihrUge, a borough in Hamp«
fliire, with a market on Thurfday, feat-
ed near the Teft, nine miles nw of
Winchcfter, and 66 w by s of London.
Stoekbridget a town of Maflachufets,
in Berklhire county, 44 miles w by N
of Springfield.
Stockem, A town of the Netherlands,
in the temtory of Liege, feated on the
Mcufe, 1 X miles n of IVJaeftricht.
Stocierau, a town of Auftria, fituate
near the Danube, 14 miles nnw of
Vienna-
Stoikhalm, a city and the capital of
Swedep, with a caftle, in a fituati(m re^
markable for its romantic fcenery. It
occupies, befido two peninfulas, feven
fmall rooky illands betweea the lake
Maeler and a bay of the Baltic, The
water which divides the Inhabitants of
the different quarters in fummer, unites
them in Avinter ; for it becomes a plain,
which is traverfed by horfcs in fledges,
and b^ vehicles of all forts placed on
S T O
lintel, along the fidci of (h!pi flted la
the ice. A variety of contr^fted vtewa
are formed bj numb«*rler8 rocki of gra-
«ltr, riling boldly from the furftice of
the water, partly bare and partly crag-
gy, and partly dotted with huufes, or
ft withered with wood. The harbour iit
an inlet of the Baltic, and the water of
Cut-h depth, that (hips of the largvd
burden can approach the quay. At the
extremity of the harbour, feveral ftreeta
rife one above another, in the form of
an amphithi'atre ; and the royal palace,
a ma(|[nificent building, crowns the fum>
mit. Except ill the fuburbs, where fe-
deral houfctf are of wood, painted red,
the generality ot' the buildings arc of
brick. The royal academy of faiences
owes its inftitution to the celebrated
lj\nn6 and a few other learned men,
and was incorporated in i74i« The
royal academy of painting and iculpture
contains a fine colIe<5tion of cads, from
the antique ftatue« at Home, fent by
Lewis XIV to Charles xi, and prcfent-
ed by the late king Adolphus Frederic
to the academy. The arienal contains
an immenfe number of trophies and
ftandarii., taken from the Germans.
Poles, RuQjanR, and Danes. Stockholm,
from the nature of it» lituation, is up-
ward of to miles in circumference, and
has m.mufadtures of glafs, china, iiik,
woollen, linen, &c. The number of
inhabitants is eftimatcd at 60,000. It is
34a miles ME of Copenhagen. Lon. 18
4R, lat. 59 21 ».
Stockport, a town in Chefhire, with a
market un Friday, and confiderable ma-
■ufaiStures of cotton, printed goods,
and hats. It has two churches and fc-
vcral meeting-houfes; and its contiguity
to Manchefler occalions it to partake
of the profperity of thnt town. The
number of inhabitants in 1801 was
i4,8.!o. It is feated on the Mcrfcy, fix
miles ssu of Mancheftur, and 176 nnw
uf London.
Stockport, a town of Pennfylvania, in
Northampton county, on the w fide of
the Popaxtiink branch of Delaware
river It ftands 18 miies ese of Har-
mony, on Sufquehanna river, and there
i«j a portage between them.
Stockton, a town in the county of
Durham, governed by t mayor, with a
market on Wednefday. Here are two
docks for fhip-building^ manufut^ures
of canvas and ropes to a confiderable
extent, alfo of diapers, huckabacks,
chejfks, &c. and a trade in lead, corn,
and butter. It is feated on the river
Tees, not far from its mouthi 18 miles
STO
sst of Durham, and «43 v bf t^ of
London
StoeAzew, a tovm of Mr<ravia. in the
circle of Telchen, feated on the Viftalia
la mile* se of Tefchen.
3tote, a village in Norfolk, feveii wiles
SE of Duwnliar.i. It has a ferrv on tl:e
river Stoke, which is navigable hence xs
the Oufe.
Stoh, a village In SulTolk, two miles
s of Neyland. It has a church on «
hill, whole tower is a feamark to fbtpa
t!iat pafs the mouth of the harbour off
Harwich, at 13 miles diftance.
Stoke, or St eke Po^tt, a village ia
Buckinghamlltir)*, fmir miles vkk «f
Windfor. Its churchyard was thefcene
of Cray's celebrated Elegy.
Stokes, a town of N Carolina, chief
of Montgomery county} feated near
the Yadkin, 46 railei w cf Avery&
borough.
Sfkesley, a town in N Yorkfliiriw
with a market on Saturday, feated oa
the river Wiflc, 20 miles k bv e of
Thirflt, and sjj n by w of London.
StoJbcrg, a town of Upper Saxony,
in Thuringia, capital of .1 county of the
fame name, with a c.iflle. where the
count refides. It is feated in a valley
between two mountains, ta miles ns tx
Nordhaufen, and 55 wnw of Leipfic.
Lon. 1 1 5 E, lat. 51 36 N.
Stelberg, a town of Upper Sajony,
in Mifnia, where great quantities of
cloth arc made, nine miles :>w of Chem-
nitz.
Stolhofen, a town of Suabia, iQ the
margravate of Baden, feated in a mo-
rafs, near the Rhine, eight miles aw of
Baden.
Stolpe, a town of Further Pomerania,
with a caftle, three churches, and a
Lutheran nunnery. It has a confitlera>
hie linen trade with Dantzic, and a fine
fulmon-fifhery. It is feated on the
Stolpa, 10 miles from its mouth jn tiie
Baltic, and 56 ene of Colberg, Lon.
16 4B E, lat. 54 37 N.
Stolpirmundf, a town of Further Pc'
merania, on thi; Baltic fea, with a har-
bour, at the mouth of the Stolpa, i»
miles NW of Stolpe.
Stnlpen, a ton-ii of Upper Saxony, in
Mifoia, with a caRIe on a oiouutain, 16
miles B of DrdUen.
Stulzenau, a town of Weftphalia, in
the county of Hoya, feated on the
Wefer, 14 miles ssw of Nienburg.
Stone, a tovvn in Staffordfhire. with
7t market on Tuefday, feated on the
Treat, feveu miles n byfW" of SUfford,
and 14c yw of Laudon.
STO
Sttnebavea, or Stonehive, a feaport
of Scotland* and the county-towa (^
Kincardineibire. The harbour is fc-
cnred by a. high rock and ftone pier.
Near it are the ruins of the cuftle of
Pqn^otyre, on a lofty perpendicular
lock a^moft furrounded by the fea. The
towva has a manufa<fture of brown lioeny
and fame trade in dried fi{h and oil. It
i» 20 milas NNE of Montrolc. Lon. z
^w^lat. 5655 N.
Stanebengej a. remarkable monument
of antiquity in Wiltihire* on Saliibury
plain, jix nule8.i7 of Saliibiiry. It con-
lifts of feveral very large ftones, fome
placed upright; and others Ivorizontally
acrofs theto. Moft antiquaries fuppole
this work to have been a temple of the
X)nind3, bfcaufe it is in a circular form,
and (bcms to have been much more re-
gular than it appears to bo at prefent.
It has puzzled many diligent inquirers
to account for the bringing and placing
of thoft enormous ftoncs;. for it is-
thought no method now known is fuf-
ficient to have raifed thofe that lie acrofs
to that height.
Sfoaington, a feaport of Connefticnt,
in New I^ondpn county. The hai:-
boi!H» iibts up from Long Idand found,,
oppofite Filher Ifland. It i& 14 miles e
of Ni!W Loudon. Lon. 71 58 w, lat.
41 26 N.
Stot'kau, a town of Brandenburg, in
the Ucker mark, ^^ miles se of Berlin.
Starnaivay, a feaport of Scotland,
on the E fide of the ifie of Lewis, at the
bead of Loch Stornaway, which is a
good harbour for (hips of any burden.
It is a port of thecuftomhoufc, and has
a potoffice, and a regular packet week-
ly. Lon. 6 38 w, lat. .^8 18 n.
Stanford^ or Bishop Stortford, a town
in Hertfordfhire, with a market ou
Thurfday. On the e fide are the ruins
of a callle, on an artifieial mount. ' It
is feated on the fide o( a hill, on the
river Stort, which is navig.iblc hence to
the Lea, 16 miles ene of Hertford, and
30 NNE of London.
Stossen, a town of Upper Saxony, in
Thuringia, fix miles s of WeifTenfcls.
Stougbton, a town of Maffachufets,
in Norfolk county, whence great quan-
tities of charctial, balkets, and brooms
are fent to Boilon. It is nine miles se
of Deadham, and 15 3 of Bofton.
Stour,a. river which rifes on the moft
northerly point of Dorfetftiire, paflea
by Stonrminftcr, Blandford, and Win-
IxM^n^ then ente« Hamplhire, and flows
into the Avoi%pppofitc Chriftchureh.
Stour, a river 10 Kent> which rifes in
S T R
the Wealdy I^ows by Wye and Canter'»
bury, and feven railes below divide*
into two ftreams ; the fmaller one palfes-
to the iea at Reculver, and the maiit
branch flows by Sandwich into Hope
bay. .
Stour, a river which forms the entire
boundary between Effex and Suffolk,
pafling by Clare, Sudbury, Neyland,
and Manningtne, and being joined by
the Orwell from Ipfvvicb, forms the
harbour of Harwich.
Stour, a rivflr vhi .h rifes in the s part
of StafFordlhire, inters Worccfterlhire
at Stourbridge, and flows by Kidder*
minfter into the Se- ern, oppofite Stour-
port.
Stourbridge, u corporate town in
Worccfterlhire, with a market on Fri-
day, and mannfa^Stures of glafs, iron»
and earthen ware. Here is a freefchool
founded by Edward y i ; and in the
neighbourhood is a noble hofpital for
the maintenance and education of 6*
boys. It is fftirted on the Stour, as
miles N of Worcefter, and ia6 Nwof
London.
Stourbridge, a town of Maflachufets,
in Worccfter county, famous for its
exceiltTit butter and checfe, 3 a miles
svv of Worccfter.
Stourminster, a town in Dorfetfhire,
with a market on Thurfday, and a ma-
nufadure of white baize. Near it are
the ruins of a caftle, which was the feat
of the W Saxon Icings. It is feated on
both fides the Stour, over which is a
bridge, ao miles nk of Dorchefter, and
J 08 w by s of London.
Stourport, a villagp in Woiceflerfhire,
four miles s of Kiddcrminfter. It is a
bufy centre of inland n3vigation, feated
oppofite the place where the river Stour
and the Staffordfliire and Worceftcr-
fl>ire canal enters the" Severn, over
which river it has a long ftone bridge.
Stow Market, a town in Suffolk, with
a market on Thurfday, and a manufac-
ture of woollen ftuflTs. It has a naviga-
ble cut to Ipfwich, and is feated on the
Orwell, I a miles n w of Ipfwich, and 69
N v E of London.
Stonv on the M^o/d, a town in Glou-
cefterlhire, with a market on Thurf-
day, feated on a bleak hill, aa miles E
of Glouccfter, and 83 w by n of London.
Sto^ueift a town in Somerfetfhire»
with a market on Tuefday. It had
once a cafVle, of which no veftiges re-
main, except the ditch. It is eight
miles w by n of Bridge water» and 147
w by 8 of London.
Straiant, a borough of |reIaod» in
J^t and Canter-*
I below divicUw
nailer one paflTet
» and the raair*
I'ich into Hope
Forms the entire
X and Suffolk,
>ury, Neyland.
Iwing joined by
ich, forms the
fes in the s part
Worccfterlhire
«'8 by Kidder*
appofite Stour-
•rate town in
narket on Fri.
of glafs, iron»
is a freefchool
'; and in the
le hofpit^ for
iucatiun of 6*
the Stour, as
nd 126 Nwof
^iaflachufets^
amous for its
ecfe, 32 miles
n Dorfetfhire,
ay, and a ma-
. Near it are
h was the feat
t is fcated on
;r which is a
Jrchefter, and
'oicefterfliire,
lifter. It is a
nation, feated
le river Stour
I Worcefter-
Severn, over
ftonc bridge.
Suffolk, with
d a raanufac-
has a naviga-
eated on the
"wich, and 69
wn in Glon-
on Thurf.
22 miles £
I of London.
imerfctfhire,
ay. It had
Teftiges re-
It is eight
er> and 14/
Ireland^ in
STR
the county of Tyrone, fituate tin the
Moume, near the Foyle, 11 miles ssw
of Londonderry.
Stradelia, a ftrong town of Italy, in
the Milanefe, with a caftle. The French
became mailers o£ it in 1800. It is
feated on the Verfa, near the Po, 10
miles se of Pavia.
StrakomtZy a town of Bohemia, in
the circle of Prachin, with a caftle ;
feated on the Wotawa, 1 1 miles sw of
Pifeck.
Sfrakn, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Roer, lately of Pruffian
Golderland, 10 miles sw of Gelders.
Strahtmd, a ftrong feaport of Hither
Pomerania, and lately the capita) of
the Swedifh part. The inhabitants are
about II, coo; and its trade and com-
merce are confiderable. The churches
and other public buildings are hand-
fomt ; .^nd the library belonging to the
college has a capital coUeflion of coins.
Charles xii, in 17 14, "came hither after
his return from Turkey, and ennobled
jEhe magiftracy. Stralfund wa» forced
to fubniit to the allies in 17 15, but re-
ftored in 1720. It furrendt^ed to the
French-in 1 807. It is almoft furrouridfd
by the Baltic and the lake Francen, and
has a harbour feparated from the ifle of
Rngon by a narrow channel. It is 40
milesENE of Roftock, and 85 nw of
Stettin. Lon. 13 16 k, lat. 54 so n.
Strammel, a town of Further Pome-
rania, on the river Rcga, ai miles mb of
New? Stargard.
Strang ford, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Down, feated on a bay of its
name, at the narrow part which con-
ne<fts Strangford Lough with the Irilh
fea, feven miles e of Down. Lon. 5 30
w, 'at. 54 3 1 N.
Strangfortl Lough, a large bay, or
inlet of the fea, in the county of Down,
on the E coaft of Ireland It is 17
miles long, and five broad, and abounds
with excellent filh, particularly fmelts;
and off the bar, about Auguft, is a pe-
riodical herrin?* fiflicry. The bar, or
entrance into it from the Irilh lea, is
three miles below Strangford, and not
a mile in bicadth. It contains a great
many fmall iflands; and the burning of
kelp profitably employs a great number
of hands in them.
Stranraiuert a borough and feaport
of Scotland, in Wigtonihirc, lituate at
the head of Loch Ryan. It is frequent-
ed by vcfleis employed in the coafting
tiade and herring filhery; and feme
iliips fail hence to the Baltic and Ire-
land with corn. It has mnnufadlures
pf cotton and linen, and is %6 miles
ST R
vr by K of Wigton. Lon. 4 57 vr, Ut.'
55oir.
StrasbergiiiXovm and caftle of Suatti.i,
i& miles t of Rothweil, and 19 w oC
Buchau. '
Strasburgt a city of France, coital
of the department of Lower Rhine-
Before; the revolution of 1789* it wa«
an archiepifcopal fee, but is now a
bifliopric. It is liquate near the Rhine ;
and the river 111 runs through it, and
forms many canals. There are fix.
bridges of comimunication between the
different quarters of the city, and the
inhabitants are computed to be 60,000.
The principal flruftures are built of a
red ftone, dug from, the quarries which,
are along the Rhine. This town, for-
merly imperial, was taken by Lewis
XIV in i68i. The citadel and fortifi-
cations, which he conftrufted, have
been fo much augmented, that Straft
burg may be confidered as one of the
ftrongeft places in Europe. It was
confirmed to France by the peace of
Ryfwick in 1697- The town is entered
by fix gates. In the cathedral is a
dock, which fliows the motions of the
conftellations, the revolutions of the
fun and moon, the days ol" the vi'eek,
the hours, &c; Another remarkable
circumftance in thi* cathedral is its py-
ramidical tower, which is 549 feet higb»
In the church of St. Thomas is the
magnificent tomb of the famous marOid
Saxe. Stralburg is a place of confider-
able commerce, and has manufadurcs
of tobacco, porcelain, fteel, lace, car-
pets, cloth, leather, &c. It is 65 milea
I* of Bafel, and 75 e of Naney. Lon. 7
45E, lat. 4835 N.
Strasburgt a town of W Pniffia, in
the province of Culm, with a caftle;
feated on the Drigentz, 30 miles ens
of Thorn.
Strasburg, a town of Bi'andedburg*
in the Ucker mark, 15 miles N by w of
Prenzlo.
Strasburg, a town of Germany, in
Carinthia, on the river Gurk, la miles
N of Clagenfurt.
^ Strasburg, a town of Virginia, in,
Shenandoah county, on the nw branch
of the N fork of Shenandoah river, rft
miles ssw of Winchefter.
Strasburg, a town of Pennfylvania,
in Lancafter county, 58 miles w of Phi-
ladelphia.
Strasnitz, a town of Moravia, with a
caftle and a college, on the river Marfch,
la miles ssw of Hradifch.
Stratford, a town of Conne^icut, in
Fairfield county, with two edifices for
public worfliip ; fituate on a river of
STR
the fame fiame, five miles fVom its
mouth, and 14 wsw of NewhaTen.
Stratfordy a village in SvfTolk, 12
miles sw of IpAvtch. It has a ihare in
the woollen manufaA^re, and (lands on
the StouF) over which is a bridge into
EiTex.
Stratfordy a village in Efleitf, three
miles ENE of London. It is feparated
from Bow, in Middlefex, by the river
Lea, over which is a bridge, faid to be
the moft ancient ftone one in England.
Stratford on Anioity a town in War-
vrickihi're, governed by a mayor, with
a market on Thurfday. It is nirmora-
ble as the birthplace of Shakfpeare,
who was buried here in 1 6 1 6. It ftands
txR the Avon/ over which is a long
hridge, eight miles sw of Warwick,
iind 93 Nw of London.
Stratfird, Fenny y a town in Bucking-
bamfhire, with a market on Monday,
feated on the Lyflel, and the Roman
Watling-ftreet, 12 miles e of Bucking-
ham, and 45 Nw of London.
Stratfordy Stoitetfy a town in Biicking-
hamfliire, with a market on FiiJay.
Here are two churches, and a crofs
built by Edwafd i, in memory of his
queen Eleaiior. In 1743 a fire happen-
ed, which deftroycd 150 houfes. The
inhabitants art principally lace-makers.
3t is feated on the Oufe, and the Roman
Watling-ftreet, eight miles ne of Buck-
ingham, and 5a NW of London.
Str-ithaveny a town of Scotland, in
Lanerkihire, with a manufa<!ture of
cotton, feated on the Aven, flx miles s
of Hamilton, and 1 2 w of Lancrk.
Straihmore, a river of Scotland, in
Sutherlandfhire, which flows into a bay
of the North fca, called Loch Hope.
On its banks are the ruins of a curious
ancient fort, called Domadilla.
Stratby, a river of Scotland, in Su-
therlandftiire, which ifllios from a fmall
lake, and flows into a bay of the North
fea, (heltered to the w by a large pro-
montory, to which it gives name.
Stratton, a town in Cornwall, with a
market on Tuefday, il miles nnw of
Launcefton, and saa w by s cf London.
StrasHngt a town of Bavaria, capital
of a territory of the fame name, with a
caftle- It has broad ftn'ets, handfome
churches, and fine convents. It was
taken, in 1743, by the Auftrians, who
demoliflied the fortifications; but it
was reftored in 1745. It in feated on
the Danube, sa miles sf. of Ratifbon,
.iiid 68 NB of Munich. Lon. r j 28 e,
lat. 48 50 K.
Strausberg, a town of Brandenburg,
In the Middle mark, with an old caille
S TR
on a mountain. . It has :;ianufadlures of
baize and cloth, and Hands on the lake
Straufs, 21 miles ene of Berlin.
Strehla, a town of Upper Saxony, in
Mifnia, near which the Pruflians were
defeatet' by the Auftrians in 1760. It
is feated on the Elbe, 14 miles nw of
Meiflin.
Strelitzy a town of Silefia, in the
princijpality of Oppeln, 16 miles s£ of
Oppeln.
Strelitz, Ncnvy i town of Lower Sax-
ony, capital of the duchy of Mecklen-
burg-Strelitz. It owes its origin to
the deftru(!lion of the ducal palace, in
Old Strelitz 9 in confequence of which,
in 1 7 13, the duke began to ereft a mag-
nificent palace, two miles from the file
of the old one, at a place callea Glienke,
which was before his hunting feat;
and in 1733, ^^ founded a town adjoin-
ing to the palace, and ordered it to be
called New Strelitz. The centre is a
fpacious market- place, and thence a
number of ftreets branch out in ftraight
lines } the chief ftreet leads to the palace,
and the next to a pleafant lake. It is
feated among Ikkes, 55 miles se of Guf-
trow, and 56 n by w of Berlin. Lon.
13 18 e, lat. 53 ai N.
Strelitz, Old, a fmall town of the
duchy of Mecklenburg, the refidence of
the younger branch of that houfe, till
the caftle was burnt down in 171a.
See the preceding article.
StrengnesyA town of Sweden, in Suder-
mania, and a bifliop's fee, with a college.
It is feated on the lake Maelcr, 30 miles
w by s of Stockholm, Lon. 17 40 z,
lat. 59 ao N.
Stretton. See Church Strettoa.
Striegati, a town of Siiefia, in the
principality of Schweidnitz, feated on a
river, at the foot of a mountain, u
miles K of Sphweidnitz.
Stroemsholniy a town of Sweden, i^
\Vcftmani<», lituate on the lake Maeler,
45 miles sw of Upfal. Lon. 16 24 k,
lat. 59 30 M.
Stroma, a fmall ifland of Scotland, on
thecoaftof Cnitlinefsniire, in Pentlan4
Frith. Its caverns were once ufed au
places of intermnit, by the inhabitants
of the neighboijriHg i/lands, ^ear its
N end is a dangerous whirlpool.
Strombergy a town of Weftphalia, in
the princip.iljty of Munfter, so miles
ESE of Munfter, and ao nw of Padcr-
born. <
Strom^ergy a town of France, in the
department of Rhine and MofcHe, late-
ly of Germany, in the palatinate of the
Rhine, aa miles w of MentZj and 32 s
of Coblcntz.
Str\
Liparl
rifes \\
AnuiaAures of
ds on the lake
Berlin.
per Saxony, in
Pruflians were
s in 1 760. It
. miles Nwof
ilefia, in the
6 milei se of
>f Lower Sax-
' of Mecklen.
its origin to
cal palace, in
nee of which,
> ereft a mag.
from the file
allea Glienke,
lunting feat;
I town adjoiq-
clercd it to be
le centre is a
md thence a
)Ut in ftiaight
to the palace.
It lake. It is
lessEofGuf.
Berlin. Lon.
town of the
p lefidence of
at houfe, till
wn in 1715!
en,inSuder-
ith a college.
;lcr, 30 miles
3n. 17 40 E,
frettoa.
lefia, in the
» featcd on a
ountain, i ]
Sweden, in
ake Maeler,
1- 16 34 kf
cotland, on
n iPentland
ice ufed as
inhabitants
^ear its
30l.
ftphalia, in
30 miles
r of Padcr.
nee, in the
(fclle, late-
late of the
and 32 s
STU
StrnmhoOf the molt northern of the
Lipari illaiids. It is a volcano, which
riles in a conical form to the height of
3000 feet; and on the e fide are three
or four little craters ranged near each
other, nearly at two thirds of its height.
It is inhabited, notwithftanding its lires,
and produces a great deal of cotton.
Of all the vokanos recorded in hidory,
Stromboli feems to be the only one that
burns without ceafing; and for ages
paft, it has been looked upon as the
great lighthoufu of the Mediterranean
fea. Lon. 15 40 e, lat. 38 40 n.
Stromness, u town of Scotland^ on the
sw fide of the ifland of Pomona, with a
good harbour) nine miles w of Kirk-
wall.
Stromae, the principal of the Feroe
iHands, in the Northern ocean, 30 miles
in length and 10 in breadth. It has a
town called Thorlhaven, which is the
cipital of all the iflands, and the com-
mon market. Lon. 7 o w, lat. 62, 10 n.
Stromioe, a town of Norway, in the
province of Aggerhays, 18 miles sw of
Chriftiana.
Stromstadt, a town of Sweden, in W
Gothland, celebrated for its ihellfilh.
It ftarids on the coaft of the North fea,
43 miles Nvw of Uddevalla. Lon. 11
4 E, lat. 59 43 N.
Strtngolif a town of Naples, in Cala-
bria Citeriore, feated on a high rock,
three miles from the fea, and feven n
ofSt. Severino,
Strensa, one of the Orkney iflands,
(itunte NE of that called Pomona. It is
feven miles from n to J, and nearly the
fame in breadth, but ib indented by bays
that no part of it is above a mite and a
half firom the fea. It produces much
kelp, and feeds many (hecp and cattle.
Strantian, a village of Scotland, in Ar-
gylefliire, and the diftrift of Ardnamur-
clian. It is noted for its lead mines, in
which a new -kind of mineral was dif-
covered in 1790, and named i'^ontites,
Stroud, a town in Gloucefterfhire,
with a market on Friday. It is feated on
a brook, whofe waters being peculiarly
adapted to the dying of fcarlet, its banks
are crowded with the honfes of clothiers ;
and a navigable canal accompanies its
progrefs to the Severn. This canal is
now extended to join the Thames at
Lechlade. Stroud is 1 1 miles » by e of
Gloucefter, and 100 v" by n of London.
Stroud, a confiderable village in Kent,
which joins the n end of Rochefter
bridge, being parted front the city by the
liver Medway.
StuMand, a village in Dorfetfhire. at
the E end of the iOe of Purbeck» four
SUA
milea c by n of Corfe Caftle. In the
neighboarbood are feveral curious bar-
rows; and it ftands on a bay of the fame
name, which extends to Pool harbour.
Stuhlingen, a towit of Suabia, in a
landgravate of the feme name, belong-
ing to the prince of Fuvftenburg, with
a caJtle on a mountain, nine raiks s of
Furftenburg.
Stuhlvieisjenburgj a town of Hungary*
and the lee of a bimop, iituate in marihy
ground, occafioned by the river Sarwitz.
It was formerly the place for the coro-
nation of the kings, and generally alfo
of their interment; but it is much de-
cayed, fincc its works were difmant led
in 1702. The number of inhabitants is
eftimated at 11,000. It is 30 miles sw
of Buda, and 80 se of Prefburg. Lon,
ig 28 K, lat. 47 i3 K.
Stunt, a new department of France,
including part of Piedmont. It has it«
name frwn a rive?, which rifes on the w
border and flows by Com and FufTano
to Cheraico, where it joins the Tansi-o.
The capital is Coni.
Stutgard, <a city of Suabia, capital o£
the duchy of Wirtemburg. It is fur-
rounded by walls and ditches, and has
an ancient caftle, with a rich cabinet of
curiofities, a ducal palace, an orphan
houfe, a college, a ducal academy and
obfervatory, a military academy, and
one of the largeft libraries in Germany.
It has manufaiflures of filks, ftockings»
ribands. Sec. and around it are innumer*
able vineyards and gardens. The ftreeta
are narro>v in the city, and the houfes
generally of wood; but there are fine
houfes, and ftraight ftreets, in one of
the fubiirbs. Stutgard was taken by
the French in Jure 1 796, and in Novem-
ber i7()p. It is leated in a plain among-
mountuins, near the river Neckar, 3$
miles E of Baden, and 52 ne of Straf-
burg. Loiu 9 31 E, lat. 48 44 N.
Suabia, a circle of Germany, boimd-
ed on the n by Franconia and the circle
of I.^wer Rhine, w by that circle and
Alface, s by Swiflerland, and e by Ba-
varia. It contains the duchy of Wir-
temburg, the margravate of Baden, the
principalities of Hoenzoilem, Oetingen,
Furftenburg, Mindelheim, Aupfburg,
and Conftance. alfo Burgau, Brifgau*
and fome other territories.
Suaiem, or Suaquam, a feaport and
the capital of the county of Abex, feat-
ed on a fmall ifland of tlie fame name,
in the Red fea. It is the refidence of a
Turkifh governor under the bafhaw of
Cairo, and was once a very flouriftiing
place, but is now gone to decay. Lnn.
37 j5 E, lat. I9S6K,
8 U D
Subiaeot a town of Italy, in Campag-
na dt Roma, leated on the Teverone, 33
miles E by N df Rome.
^iuadimat a town on the sw coaft of
Borned, capital of a kingdom of the
feme iMme. The chief produc^ts of the
country are camphor and diamonds.
It is fcated at the mouth of a river.
Lon. no 15 Ei iat. i 10 s.
Success liayt's, bay on the se coall of
Terra del Fucgo. The s promontory,
at its entrance, is called Cape Succefs.
Lon. 65 «7 w, Iat. 55 i s.
Suczava, a town of European Tur-
key, in Mold£via» formerly a flourifliing
city, but now much declined- It is
leated on a river of the fame name, 70
miles MW of JalFy. Lon. 25 52 £, Iat.
47 57 N-
iSuda, a ftrong fort of the ifle of Can-
dia, lituate on an iflet, in a gulf of its
name, which is one of the fineft and
fafeft harboin-s in the Levant. This fort
was conftru<5ted by the Venetians, who
preferved it a groat while after Candia
•was no longer in their porteffion. It is
tight miles E of Canea.
Sudiurtf, a borough in Suffolk, go-
vernt'd by a i^ayor, with a market on
Saturday. It has three churches, and
was one of the firft feats of the Flemings,
who were brought over by Edward iii,
to teach the Englifh the art of manu-
tadturing their own wool. It8> trade is
BOW diverted, in great part, into ether
channels; but many kinds of thin (luffs
are ftill made here. It is feated on the
Stour (which is navigable hence to Man-
uingtree) 14 miles s of Bury St. Ed-
mund, and 54 NE of London. Lon. o
50 E, Iat. 5a II N.
Sttderhamn, a town of Sweden, in
Ileldngia, with a confiderable trade in
linen, butter, timber, and flax. It is
lltuate at the mouth of a river, near the
fulf of Bothnia, :o miles n of Gefle.
•on. 17 5 E, Iat. 63 20 N.
Suderkoping, a town of Sweden, in E
Gothland, formyly much more flourilh-
ing thiin at prefent. It is feated on a
navigable river, 10 miles ssb of Nord-
kopiog.
Sudermania, a province of Sweden, in
the divitiun of Sweden Proper, 6i miles
long and 42 broad; bounded by Upland,
Weftmania, Ncricia, and the Baltic. It
is the moft populous part of Sweden,
and abounds in corn, and muies of divers
metals. Nykoping is the capital.
Sudertelge, a town of Sweden, in Su-
dermania, with a manufadure of worlt-
cd and (ilk ftockings, 16 miles wsw of
Stockholm.
Sudwett one of the Fcros illands, in
5.UF
the Northern ocean; remarkable for a
dangerous whirlpool near it, which is
occafioned by a crater, 61 fathoms deep-
in the centre. The danger, efpecially
in ftorms, is very great; but at the re-
flux, and In very ftill weather, the inha-
biU"t9 venture in boats, for the &kc of
filhing.
Si'eaborgy a ftrong and imraenfe fort-
refs of Sweden, built on feveral rocky
ifltts in the guli of Finland. In 1808,
it furrendcred to the Ruflians. It is
three miies s of Helfingfors. ^
Svenborgf a feaport of Denmark, in
the ifland of Funen, with the beft har-
bour in the ifland. Here are manufac-
tures of woollen and Hrten. It is sa
miles s of Odcnfee. Lon. lo 37 e, Iat.
55 9 ^•
Stien-hod, a city of China, of the firft
rank, in the province of Pe-tche-li, feat-
ed amid mountains, near the great wall,
77 miles NNw of Peking. Lon. 1 14 39
E, Iat. 40 .18 N.
iS'w«s, a feaport of Egypt, with a caf-
tle, feated at the n end of the warm of
the Red fea, called the gulf of Suez.
This gulf is feparated from the Medi-
terranean by an ifthmus, 125 miles over,
which joins Afia to Africa. T*- town
IS furrounded by a fandy counti . and
is without water. Fifli is the only pro-
vifion that is plentiful here ; all other
heceffaries of life, for both men and aiiU
tnals being brought from Cairo, or more
diftant places ; and the only water fit for
drinking is brought by the Arabs from
the wclTs of Naba, on the other fide the
gulf, feven miles from Suez. Several
veffds are employed in the navigation
between this port and Jidda, where the
commodities are bartered for Indian
goods and the coffee of Arabia. The
commerce of Cairo with Suez is carried
on by caravans, which wait the arrival,
and fet out on the departure, of the vef-
fels, that is, about the end of April, and
in the courfe of July and Auguft. The
merchandife confifts in corn, wood, iron,
lead, wool, cloth, c!/chineal, fails, cord-
age, &c. Suez is 6s miles e of Cairo.
I,on. ?,z 51 E, Iat. 30 2 N.
Sitjitld, a town of Connetflicut, in
Harttbrd county, on the w fide of Cou-
nedicut river, 17 miles n of Hartford.
Siifol/c, a county of England, 58 miles
long and 28 broad; bounded on the s by
F.flcx, w by Cambridgefliire, n by Noi-
folk, and e by the German ocean. It
contains 1,002,^40 acre.s; isdivided into
21 hundreds, and 575 parifbes; has 29
market-towns; and fends 16 members to
parliament. The number bf inhabitants
in jSoi was 2ic»;43i. The foil is of
rye,
with 1
bed8(
whicH
twcer
for
larkable for a
r it, which is
fathoms deep-
ger, efpecially
but at the re-
tber, the inha-
for the fiikc of
immenfe fort-
feveral rocky
ind. In 180K,
uilians. It is
rs.
■ Denmark, in
the beft har-
are manufac-
^en. It is zz
1. 10 37 E, lat.
na, of the firft
•e-tche-li, fcart-
the great wall,
Lon. 11439
pt, with a caf-
)f the Warm of
gulf of Suez.
rom the Mcdi-
1 25 miles over,
:a. T'-'town
' connci . and
5 the only pro-
icre ; all other
ti men and ani*
Cairo, or more
water fit for
Arabs from
other fide the
iuez. Several
le navigation
a, where the
for Indian
Arabia. The
uez is carried
lit the arrival,
re, of the vef-
of April, and
ugurt. The
, wood, iron,
1, fails, cord-
E of Cairo.
nnefticut, iii
fide of Con-
jf Hartford,
and, 58 miles
d on the s by
e, N by Noi-
m ocean. It
(divided into
Ibea; has zg
I members to
)f inhabitants
le foil is of
S UL
SUM
▼ariooB qualities, but the country, in ge* fnofqae^ which contains the to«nb of
neral, is level. . That near the ihore is fultan Chodabend. It is 5a miles vw
ikndy and full of heaths, yet abounds in of Cafliin. Lon. 5 1 53 e» lat. j6 16 v.
rye, peas, turnips, carrots, and hemp, Sultan^our, a town of Hindooftan, in
with numerous flocks of fiieep. ^Copious the province of Lahore, 62 miles «e t£
beds ofpetrified (hells, called (hclUmarl, Lahore.
which are found in various parts be- Sultanfourt a town of Hindooftan, ia
tween Woodbridge and Orford, have the province of Oudc, 32 miles B of Fy-
•for many years been made ufe uf for
improving light land. High Suffolk, or
the Woodlands, which is in the inknd
part, yields good pufture, on which
feed alHindance of cattle. That part on
the confines of Klfex and Cambridge-
ihire affords alfo excellent {jafture; and
to the N and nw it is fruitful in corn.
Its chief produce is butter and cheefe ;
but the latter has gained, almoft prover-
bially, the chara'fter of the worft in Eng-
land. The principid rivers are the Stour,
Waveny, Little Oufe, Jjai-'.-e, Deben,
Gipping, and Orwell. Ipfwich is the
principal town ; but the aifizcs are held
at Bury St. Edmund.
Suffolky a town of Virginia, chief of
Nmfcmond county, fituate on the river
Nanfcmond, a8 miles w by s of Portf-
mouth. Lon. 76 55 w, lat. 36 5a n.
zabad, and 50 n of Allahabad.
Suite, a town of Lower Saxony, ia
Mecklenburg, with a fait mine, feated
on the Kekenitz, 18 miles esb oi^RoC-
tock.
Sultzt 3 town of France, in the de-
partment of Upper Rhine, with a medi-
cinal fpring, 13 miles ssw of Colmar.
Sulzy a town of Suabia, in the duchf
of Wirtemburg, with fome fait •worko,
feated near the Neckar, 1 2 miles v oC.
Rothweil.
Sulzoy a town of Upper Saxony: , in
Thuringia, with a fait mine, feated on
the lime, near its conflux with thfe Saal,
13 miles ENE of Weimar.
Sulzbaeh, a town and caftle (}f the
palatinate of Bavaria, in a duchy of ita
name, the regency of which is unked to
Amberg. It Hands in a mountainont
Suf^lmessa, or Sigi/mejsay a town of country, fertile in hops, fix milea hw of
the kingdom <if Tafilet, the capital of a Amberg.
diftridt, which abounds in corn, dates,
and other fruits, and has mines of iron,
lead, and antimony. It is featea on the
Zig, 140 miles nne of Tafilet. Lon. 5
5 w, lat. 29 40 N.
Suhia, a town of Upper Saxony, in
the county of Henneberg, with manu-
fai^ures of futlian, linen, le.ithiT, and
iteel. It is feated on the Hafel, feven
miles N of Schk'ufingcn.
Suhlingen, a town of Weftphalia, in
the county of Iloya, on a river of its
name. 2Z miles w by n of Nienburg.
Suir, a river of Ireland, which rifes in
Tipperary, (Jovvs by Clonmel and Car-
rick to Waterfoal, and meets tiie Bar-
row at the head of Waterford haven.
Sulau. See Zulauf.
Sullivan, a town of the diftridl of
Maine, in Hancock county, fituati; on a
bay«oppofite Mount Defert iflund, I2
miles NW of Goldlborough.
Sully, a town of Fran«e, in the de-
partment of Loir<;t, ft-ated on the Loire,
lio miles sk uf Orleans.
Sulmona, a town of Naples, in Ab-
rjzzo Citeriore, and a bilhop's fee. It
contains II churches and 12 convents,
and is the birthplace of the poet Ovid.
It is feated on the Sora, a6 milts s\v of
Civita di Chieti. Lon. 14 55 £, lat. 4a
o N.
Sultania, a town of Perfia, in Irac-
A^emi, where tliece is a magnificent
Sulzhurgt a town of Suabia, in the
maigravate of Baden-Durlach, with a
fine palace, feated in a territory f?rtite
in good wine, eight miles sw ot Fri-
burg.
Sionatra, an ifland in the Iniian
ocean, the moft wefVern of the Sinda
iflands. Its general diredlion is neirly
Nw and SE. The equator divide) it
into almoft equal parts ; the one exre-
mity being in 5 33 n, the other in 5 56
s, lat. and Acheen Head, its n extreni-
ty, is in lon. 9? 34 n- It is 950 mic^
in length, and from 150 to aoo in
breadth; feparated from Malacca, b)
the ftrait of that name, and from Java,
by the ftrait of 8unda. This ifland i&
furpafled by few in the beautiful indul-
gences of nature. A chain of moun-
tains rui 8 through its whole extent; the
ranges, in many parts, being double and
treble; yet their altitude is not fuflicient
to orcafion their being covered with
fnow during any part of the year. Be-
tween thefe ridges are extenlive plains,
confiderably elevated above the furface
of the maritime laijds. In thefe, the air
is cool ; and, from this advantage, they
are efteemed the moft eligible portion
of the country, are the beft inliabited,
and the moft cleared from woods, which
ehewhere, in general, cover both hills
and valleys with in eternal fliade. Here
too are found many lakes and tiverS)
SUM
fhxt ficilitAte the coinmunic^lio* be-
twt:«n the different parts. The inhabi-
tants coniift of Malays, Achenefp, B.it-
tas, Lampnonst and RejauKs: the Iatt<T
are taken as a ftaiulard of defcription,
with rtfpedl to the poifou, mannersi
and cuftoms of the Sunurrans. They
are rather hj-low the middle ftaturc;
their bulk fn proportion; their limbs,
for the moft part, flight, but wcll-(hap-
ed, and partictilaily fmall at the wrifls
iTA jnclen. Their hair is ftrong and of
a fliining black. The men art.' beard-
kfs; great pains being taken to render
them fo, when boys, by rubbing thrir
chins with a kind of quicklim<'. Their
complexion is properly yellow, wanting
: •» rtvi tinge that conftitutcs a copper
^■', >i /colour J thofe of theftiptrior
•• f 10 are not expofed to thi^ rays
<n ;n, and particularly their women
of , approaching to a degree of
fair but the major part of tht- fe-
ma f ugly. The rites of mai-riage
am ; he Sumatrans confiil fimply in
joii ! -: the hands of the parties, and
pr< icing them man and wife, with-
ou' :h cerrmory, excepting the en-
ter lent wivch is given upon the oc-
ca; But little apparent courtfhip
pr » their marriages. Their man-
ne . not admit of it; the young peo-
pl. each fex being carefully kept
af '. and the girls being feldom
2Vii' rom their mothers. Theoppor-
tx, ' ' - which the young people have of
fc .nd convorfing with each other
ai . the public feftivals, where the
p who are unmarried meet to-
g and dance and ling in company.
J . when determined in his choice,
I ly employs an old woman as his
a oy whom he fends a prefent to
t lale of his choice- The parents
iterfere, and tlu; preliminaries
icttled, a feaft takes place. At
iC feftivals, a goat, a buffalo, or feve-
<al> according to the rank of the parties,
are killed, to entertain not only the re-
lations arid invited guefts; but all the in-
h.ibitants of the neighbouring country
who choofe to repair to them. ^ The
gwater the concourfe, the more is the
credit of the hoft, who is generally, on
thefe occalions, the father of the girl.
The cuftoms of the Sumatrans permit
their having as many wives as they can
purchafe, or afford to maintain; but it
is extremely rare that an inftance occurs
of their having more than one, and that
only among a few of the chiefs. This
continence they owe, in fome meafure,
to their poverty. Mothers carry their
children ftraddling on the hip, and uf«-
SU M
ally fupported by a cloth tied in a fcnot
on the oppofitc (houlder. The children
are nurfed but little ; are not confined
by any fwathing or bandages ; and being
fuffered to roll about the floor, foon
learn to walk and fhift for themfelvext
when cradles are ufed, thev fwing fuf-
pended from the ceiling or the room.
The original natives of Snmatra are pa-
gans ; but it is to be ohferved, th>it when
the Sumatrans, or any of the natives of
the eaft«'m iflands, learn to read the
Arabic character, and fubmit to circum*
cifion, they are faid to become Malays;
the term Malay being undcrflood to
mean Musiuknan, The wild beads of
Sumatra arc tigers, elephants, rhinoce-
rofen, bears, and monkeys. The tigers
prove to the inhabitants, bolb in their
journeys, and even their domeftic occu-
pations, moil deftrutHive enemies; yet,
from a fnperflitious prejudice, it is with
difficulty they are prevailed upon to ufe
methods for deflroying them, till they
have fuilained fome particular injury in
their own family or kindred. Alligators
likewife occafion the lofs of many inha*
bitants, as they bathe in the river, ac-
cording to their regular cuftom; .nnd
yet a fnperflitious idea of th«ir fansflity
alfo preferves them from moleflatioiu
The other animals of Sumatra are bufta-
loB, a fmall kind of horfcs, goats, hogs,
deer, bullocks, and hog-deer. This lafl
is nn animal fomewhat larger than a
rabbit, the head refembling that of a
hog, and its fhanks and feet like thofc
of the deer: the bezoar flone found on
this animal has been valued at ten times
its weight in gold. Of birds there are
a greater variety than of bcaftK. The
coo-ow, or Sumatran pheafant, is a bird
of uncommon beauty. Here arc florks
of a prodigious fize, parrots, dunghill
fowl'.', ducks, the largeft cocks in the
world, wood pigeons, doves, and a great
variety of fmall birds remarkable for the
beauty of their colours. The reptile
.ire li/ards, flying lizards, andcamelions.
The ifland fwa. msNvith infedts, and
their varieties are no k."' extraordin.iry
than their numbers. ?lic>' is the only
grain that grows in the country. Here
are fugar-canes, beans, peas, radiflies,
yams, potatoes, pumkins, and fcvcral
kinds of potherbs unknown to Europe;
and alfo mofl of the fruits to be met
with in other parts of the E Indies in
the greatert pcrfedUon. Tndigo, faltp»-
tre, fulphur, arffiiic, brafil wood, two
fpecies of the bread-fruit tree, pepper,
cafTta, camphire, ticnjamin, coffee, and
cotton, are likewife the produce of this
ifiaod. Here alfo \s the cabbage tree
S'U N
nW(\ filk cotton tree; and the fortfflB con-
tain a creat variety of valiiable fpecics
of wood, as ebony, pine, fandal, eagle,
or. aloes, teak, manchined, and iron
wood, and alfo thi» banyan tree. Befcs
wax is a commodity of great importance
here; and there are likewife edibl« birds-
ueflis. Gold, tin, iron, copper, and lead,
arc found in the country ; and the for-
mer is as plentiful here as in any part
of Ada. Sumatra is divided into many
petty kingdoms, the chief of which arc
Sundtrhunds, a trai^ of country itt
Hindooftan, confifting of that part of
the delta of the Ganges, in Bengal,
\Hrhich borders oft the flu. In extent it'
is equal to the prindpality of Walps.
It is completely, enveloped in woods,
infeiled with tigers, and tompofed qf a
labyrinth of rivers and clicks, all of
which are fait, exce{)t thofe that iitlititf- '
diat^ly commiinica^e with the principal
arm of the Ganges. jHcK fait, in quan-
tities equal to the whole confumptlbn
Acheen, Indrapore, Palimban, and Jam- of Bengal and its dependencies, it Made
bi The Enfcliih and Dutch have faAo- and tranfported with equal facility ; and
rles on this ifland ; the principal one of
the former being Fort Marlborough, at
Bencoolen. See Acheen.
Sumbult a town of Hindooftan, in a
territory of its name, tying e of Delhi,
fubjeA to the nabob of Oude. It is 5 z
miles WNW of Bereilly, and js ^ of D*-'!-
hi. Lon. 78 53 e, lat. a8 3s K.
Sumbulpour, or Sumelfiour, a town of
Hindooftan, in the province of Orifla,
144 miles WNW of Cattack, and 280 w
of Calcutta. Lon. 83 40 b, lat. at 25 n.
Sumehi a town of Afiatic Turkey, in
Natolia, 14 miles e of Pergamo.
Snmerun, a town of Hungary, in the
idand of Schut, near a branch of the
Danube, c6 miles sse of Prciburg.
Summei-ktoum, a town of the king-
dom of Birmah. The inhabitants are
folely employed in the mafiufadlure of
iiiltpetre and gunpowder; and hence all
the royal magazines are fupplied with
gunpowder. It is feated on the Inra-
waddy, 68 miles s by w of Ummera-
poora.
Smart Loch, an inlet of the fea, on
the w coaft of Scotland, which extends
ao miles e into the county of Argyie»
from the n end of the ifland of Mull.
Smhurif, a feaport of the ftpte of
Georgia, in Liberty county, with a fafe
and convenient harbour. The tov/n
being very healthy, is the refort of the
planters from the adjacent country, dur-
ing the fickly months. It was burnt
during the late war, but has been re-
built ; and is 34 miles s by w of Savan-
na. Lon. 8 J o w, lat. 31 33 n.
<Sa«A«ry,a town of Pcnn^lvania, chief
of Northumberland county, with two
churches. It ftands on tbt; e fide of the
Siifquehaima, juft below the junction
of the E and w oranchcs, 120 miles nw
of Philadelphia. Lon. 77 o w, lat. 40
48 K.
Sunda Islands, ifland:^ in t'le SE part
of the Indian ocean. The chief of them
areBomeo, Sumatra, and Java ; the two
latfer feparated by a channel catlet^he
Str«it of Sunda. -'f^-
here alfd i« found an inexhauftible ftore
of timber for boit-building.
Sunderburg, a town of Deninark, in '
the ifland of Alfen, With a caftle. It
is feated on a ftrait« called Sunderbtlr^
Sound, 1 2 miles e af Fleniburg. Lon. '
100 B, lat. 54 5 1 K.
Sunderdoo, a fbriified ifland ahd fea-
port of Hindooftan, in Concan, re*
duced by commodore James in 1756. '
It is 36 miles nnw of Goa. Lon. 73
20 E, lat- t6 3 K.
Sunderland, a feaport iii the biihop-
ric of Durham, governed by a mayor,
with a market on Friday. For the ex-
portation of coal, it is nekt in eonfe-
quence to Newcaftle. Its port, at the
mouth of th«; Wear, will admit teflbU
of 400 tons ; the entrance defended by
a battery, and a pier on which is a
lighthoufe. Here are feveral fmall dock-
yards, manufadtures of fait, glafs, cop-
{)eras, and <arthen ware, and a trade m
ime, grindftones, and other articles.
The number of inhabitants in 1801 was
12,412, exclufive of thofe employed on
tbe water. It is 13 miles ne or Dur-
ham, and 269 N by w of London. Lon.
1 2 w, lat. 54 52 N.
Sunderland, a town of Maflachufcts,
in Hampihire county, on the £ fide of
the ConneAicut, 10 miles n of Hadley,
md too w by N of Bofton.
Sundi, a province of Congo, which'
lies along the river Zaire. Its rivers
render it extremely fertile, and in the "
mountains are'mines of feveral metals.
The capital is of the fame name. Lon.
1755E, lat. 450 s.
Sundsivald, a feaport of Sweden, and
the capital of Medelpadia. The chief
trade is in tar, birch-bark, deals, hops,
flax, and linen. It is feated near the
gulf of Bothnia, 210 miles n by w of
Stockholm. Lon. 17 50 e, lat. 6* 25 u.
Sunergong, or Sunnergamn, a town
of Ilindooitan, in Bengal, Once a large
city before Dacca was built, and famoui
for a manufadlure of fine cotton doth.
It is feated between the Burrampoottr
Vu
s u 5
tod A ba.neK of the y»nMtifi i j ipile*
SB of Dacca.
Sunk Island, 41* idfind yrhhin tb«
mouth of the Humbert 'nin« iqilei in
circuit, £;parated from Yorkibire by a
cliahiicl licar two inil^s bifoad. It pro-
c^Uii^a, grain, wood* and black rabbits.
jtuaninr^ a village; iii Berlpfliire, iituate
eu tlfe Tnames, twp milet n e of Read-
iaig. It was once an epifcop^l ''■e, and
l(aq nine biOiops In fuKccfTioni 10 lal^
o^ whom, ]^enn2(nn)i8^ rien^pvi the li^t;
t^Saliibury.
Stwifng tiift, a ▼illagein I^rkfhir(;>
fu, miles ssw of Windjqr. It is noted
for its medicinat wells, \ybicb arc; cf^car
cious in paralytic, cafe^
Suptriort Laifp a lake of If Amenc^*
fp called frotn its b^inKtne largeft on
that continent. It is above ijop niiles
iii circunnferencct and fuppod*^ to be
the largefl^ ^(^7^ 9f^ f*!^.^' water on the
giq^ft. It cofi^jns many iflapds ; tvfo
of them very Urge/ efpecially Ifle
Koyale, which ia 1.00. uules lung, and,
iit many places, 40 broad. The Indians
fi.i|}uofethel« iflai)d|^ to 'be the refidence
ofihe Great Spirit. Upward of 30 rivers
enter tliis lake, fome of which are of
cpnilderable fize, and its water is more
pure aiid pcUupi4 th^n that of; any other
lake in thp world* It abounds with
ti^s, pavticularly b^out and fturgeon.
Storms are more dreadful here than on
the oceajfi. It ^charges its water from
the sv corner, th^pugh t)ie ftrait of
St. Mary, into Lakip Huron ; but the
quantity does not appear to be one
t^nth part of what is conveyed into h
by the rivers.
. Supinvt a town o^ l^Iaples, in the
Molife, with a caftle; feated. at the
fource of the Tamara, 17 miles n by w
ofBenevento.
Sur or Sour^ a town of Syrfa, in Ea-
lej(li>>.> on the coaft of the Mediterra-
nean, wlu.>re flood the famous city of
T^yre, deftroyedby Alexander the great .
U is novv no more than a village, utuate
on a peninfula which projeds from the
tliore into the fea, in the form of a
mallet vvith an, oval head. The poiiit
to the N is occupied by abafin, whiph
v'v . a port evidently formed by art,
arui the entrance defended by two
towers ; but it is now To choked up,
that children pafs it without danger.
Further on in the fea« to the Nvr of the
point, is a ridge of rocks nearly level
with the water, the fpace betv; n
which and the mainland in front foims
a fort .of road,, where veflehmay anchor
with father more lafety that at Saida.
T^ village conC'fis of about futy fa-
SU R
m,niei, who live obiinurdjt on the |kK);
4uce of thfrir little groundiy and a
trifling fifliery. It it 18 miles saw of
Saida, and 60 ivf of Damafcus.
Suf-a, a town of Swt;den, in Weft<
n\anlan4* i^ ijniles » of S^roemOtokv
Suratt a city of ^iodopfyin, in tio*
zerat, with a ftrong citadel. The fi^uaref
are large, ai\d the ftr«.et8 fpacious, but
not paved, fo that th? dplt is trouble-
fon;ie. IJach ftreet b^s gate« of i^qy^n,
\Y,ith vvhich it is Hiut up in tiroes oC
turbulence. The larger houfes are ^t-
roofed, with courts before themj and
thofe of liie common people are high-
roofed. It is faid to haift; 310,000 m-
habitants } and its trade is cont|derable,
notwithftandin); the fand-banks that
ob(lru«ft th«; entrance, of the Taptyk
which caufes I;ygu vcilels to load ancl
unload at $vva)ly,. 15 miles to the w of
Surat. In tbis city arc many different
rf ligions ; fur there aro Mahometans of
feveral feds, many forts of Gentpos,
arNl Jcw^s and Chriftiai^^ of various de-
nomination^. The Mahotp^tansa^t ^urat
are not* by far, fo ft^i^ as they are in
Arabia, or in other 'i urkiHt couQtiies ;
nor are the 4>Rin<^ionft of tribes, among
th^ Hindpos who refidc here Uri(^ly ob«
ferved. Thefe Hindoos arc a fet. of in.
duArious fober peojple, and of a mod
furpriling honelty. They are almoft all
of the caft of the Banians ; and hence
their ikill and dexterity in matters of
calculation and economy often raifu,
them^to places of confiderable traft.
Spme of ihent are very rich, but all live
in a ftyle of moderate fimplicity, \yeai;-
iiigfor drcfs only a plain rob^ of white
cptton. All people of diftindion in
Surat, and through the reft of India,
fpeak and write the Perlian language ;
but in trade* corrupt Portuguefe is the
language ufed. I'his city is the cm-
I>orium of the moft prei;iuus produc-
tions of Hindooflaii ; for hither are
brought from the interior parts an im-
n^enfe quantity of goods, which the
merchants carry in their fliips to the
Rediea* the Perfun gulf, the coaftsof
M».labar and Coromandel, andeverito
China. The Englifh ongrofs almoijt the
whole of the trade \n this city ; tliat of.
the DutcKi French, and Poxtuguuic
havine becjpnte triBing. Qne thing
iingurar in Surat is* that, thpugl) there
is no hofpital for human b^gs, tliere
is aif extenfive cftabiifhment of this
nature for tick or maimed aijimals.
When the Europeans turn opt an old.
horfe, or any other dpiQeflic animal to.
peri(h, as u&lcfs, th^ liin^oos volpntA-
rily aflume tHccareof it^ aod..p.licji^,it
Sim
ift this honfct which h full of inlinn
deci^it COWS', (hvept rabbit^, hetts;
pigeons, ke. The courttiy round Su-
nt i« fertile, ejtcept toward the fi'.i,
which is famJy and barren. B«'tore thrf
Knjjttiflf P. Ihdisi Company obtained
jmmjflTion of Bombay, tiie prcfitlency of
their affiiira on the coaft of Malabar was
at Surat ; and they had A faflory here.
Kvcn aft«fr the pn*fidcrtcy vras trar.oRrr-
rcd to Bombity the f'tftory wns con-
timied. The ^i-cat mogul had then an
officer here,, who \Va» ftyled his admiral,
and received a revenue called the tnnka,
of thri annual value of three lacks of
nipees, arifm^ from' the ifnts of a<lja-
dent IftDdSi and the taxes levied at Surat.
The tyrannv " this officer toward the
nKrchant' uced tht; E India Com-
panyj in ,9, to St out an armament,
wliich dilpofJi-ired the admiral of the
c*ft|p ; and, foon after, the pofledion
()Pthis c.iftle was cuitfirmed to them by
the court of Delhi. They obtained,
moreover, the appointment to the poft
of admi)<al, and were conftituted re-
ceivers of the tank, by which their au-
thority in thi* place became fupreme.
Surat is lituate so miles up the river
'J'apty, and 147 N of Bombay. Lon.
fz 48 £, lat. am vt.
Surf^oijai a tbwn of Hindooftan,
capital of a circar of the f^me name, in
the country of Oriflk. It is 75 rr.ics
NK of Ruttunpour, rfnd aio ssw of
Patna. Lon. 83 ,31 e, lat. i.t 6 n.
S'vrgiett a town of Siberia, in the
gow-'rnmetit of Tobolflt, furrounded by
palifades, and feated on the Oby, 285
miles nnr of Tobolflt. Eoni 73 30 t,
lat. 613011:
Siirinaniy a' country of Guiana, ex-
tending je, miles along a river of the
fame name. It abounds with game,
and fingular animals of different kinds ;
the toad, in particular, being remark-
.iblc for its euormous fiv.t and ugly
form. It produces fruits, indigo, fugar,
cotton, tobacco, ginns, and wood for'
dying. The Woods are full of monkeys,
and it is faid there arb ferpents 30 feet
lon^. 'I"1ti3 country was ceded by the
iJnglilh tt> the i>utch, for the province
of New York, in 1774. It was taken
by the Engiith in 1799, and again in
^^04. The capital is Paramaribo.
Surlnffiai a ieaport of Japan, in the
iOand ot Niphon, capital of a province
of the fame name, with a caflle, where
the emperors formerly refided. It is
yjo miles e of Meaco. Lon.
lat. 39 30 ^.
Surry y a county of England, 37 miles
long and 27 broad ; bounded on the »
139 5 E,
S IT S
by Mi^ldlcfcJt, « by Kent, s by SulTex,
«nd w by Hanvpfhire and fterkihire. It
contains 519, 'b4o acres; l« divided into
13 hundreds, and Moparifhes; has i1
market towns (including Soiithwark)
and fends 14 members to porHanieht.
The f«>il is very different in the extreme
parts from that in the middle, whence
It has been compfircd to a eoarfe dbth
With a fine border ; for the edge of the
eoimtiy on all tides has a rich foil, eX'
tremely fruitful in corn and graft, par-
tficularly on the n and w toward th«r
'i'hames ; but it is t^r othenVifo in thef
heart of the county, where are wide
tracts of findy ground and barren heathV
and in fome places long ridges o^ hills.
tt produces corn, box-wood, walnuts,
hops, and fullers-earth. The principal
riven' iM'fidc tht- Thames (which is the
bounflary of this county <m the n) are
the Mole, Wey, and Wandle. The
fpring iflizes are held at Kingff'on, and
the fiimmer at Guildford and Croydon'
alternately.
Sursei, a town of SwifTerland, in the
canton of Luct'rn, feated on the rlvt;r
Sur, ner.r the lak(^of Sempach, i: miles
Nw of LuCcrn.
Sujf a river of Morocco, which rifes
in Mount Atlas, flows through the
kingdom of Sus, and enters the Atlantic
ut Mefla. Its annual inundations enrich'
the country.
iShj, a kingdom dr province of the
empire of Moroccoi ; bounded on the
w by the Atlantic, n by Morocco Pro-
per, E by Tafilel, and s by Da'*ah. It'
is a flat country, aboundmg in' corn»
fugar-canes, and dates^. The inhabi-
tants, who are chiefly Bercbers, Or an-
cient natives, are diftinguiflied by their
indudry ; atid many of them, who live
in towns, become opulent, and are
much more polite than the natives 06
l*ez and Morocco. In the motmthinou*
part they are entirely free, and are go^
verned by their own chiefs. The prin-
cipal town is Tarudant. •
Sttsit, or Soma, a • feaport of Tuni^,
and the chief mart of the kingdom fot*
oil and linen. Here are many tokens o^
its having beeii formerly a place of
fome repute ; and near it are coh-
liderable remains of angici)t buildings:
It Hands on the e coaft, 75 miles SE of
Tunis. Lon. 11 15 e, lat. 35 40 ^f .
Husat a town of Piedmont, Lttely the
capital of a marquifate, with a ftrong
fort, called Brunette. Here arc four
parifti-churchfs and fcveral religt|iu!t
houfes ; and near it is a triumphal avch
to the honour of Augullus Celar. It i9
feated on the Doria, ■ among pleafant
S U T
mountain<» and is the principal paflage
out of France into Italy. It was taken
by the French in 1704) retaken by
Erince-Eugene in 17071 and again taken
y the French in 1799. It is 23 miles
wffw of Turin. Lon. 7 16 e^ lat. 45
10 N.
SusdaU a town of RuflTut in the go-
vernment of Volodimir, and a bifliop's
fee. It is built of wood, and feated on
the Ner), 90 miles ne of Mofcow.
£.on. 40 25 B, lat. 56 26 N.
SusqufJbanna, >i r>ver of the United
States, which iflfues from the lake Ot-
iego. It croflTes three times the line
that divides the ftate of New York
firom Pennfrlvania ; after which it flows
SE to Wilkeibarre> and then sw to
Suiiburv, where it meets the w branch
of the Sufquehanna. It then flows by
Hafrifburg to Havre de Graoe, where it
enters the head of Chefapeak bay.
Sustact a town of France, in the de>
partment of Upper Vienne, 15 miles se
of Limoges.
Sutsejt, a county of England, 70 miles
long and 28 where broadeft ; bounded
on the N by Surry, nk and e by Kent,
s by the Euglifh channel, and w by
]Iampfl)ire. It' contains 935,040 acres;
is divided into Ave rapes, fubdivided
into 6j fmall hundreds, and 342 pa-
riflies; has one city and 1$ market-
towns, and fends i& members to par-
liament. The number of inhabitants
in 1 80 1 was 159,.) 11. Thr; foil is va-
rious : that of the downs, and thence to
the fea, is fertile in corn and^rafs, the
latter feeding ftieep whofe wool is re-
markably fine : the middle al>ounds
with meadows and rich arable ground ;
and the n fide is fliaded with extenfive
woods, thit ufed to fupply fuel for the
iron-works when they were in a flourifti-
ing ftate. The chief commodities are
com, malt, cattle, wool, wood, iron,
chalk, and glafs ; and it is particularly fa-
mous for whcitears, a delicious bird of
the fize of a lark, which are taken in great
numbers on the se downs, SulTcx. is
not di(^inguiflicd for any mknufadture,
but that of gunpowder at Battel, and
of needles at Chichefter. The principal
rivers are the Aruii, Adur, Oufc, and
Rother. Chichefter is the capital ; but
the fpring afiizes arc held at Uoriham,
and the fiimmer at I.cwcs.
Stutir. See Tostar.
Sutteren, a town of France, in the
dt^aittnent of Roer, lately of Ger-
mMy» in the duchy of Juliers, two
nwes frbih the river Meufe, and 10 s of
KiHfcmonde.
' Svtkfrlandshiret a county of Scotland,
SWA
5 a miles long and 50 broad ; bounded oir
the V by the North fea, e by Caithnefs-
(Viire and the German ocean, s by the
frith of Dornoch and Rofsftiire, and w
by the Minch. It is divided into 13
parifties, and the number of inhabitants
m 1 80 1 was 23,ri7> Some parts of this
county, called forefts, are tracklefs de-
ferts, dt-ftitute of trees ; or bleak moun-
tains, abounding with wild roes. In
thefe parts there are few inhabitants,
and no villages i but along the frith of
Dornoch, the conntry is populous and
well cultivated. It has abundance of
ironfto,ne, limeftone, and Hate ; alfo
many veins of lead ore, but as yet none
have been wrought. Dornoch is the
county-town.
Sutrit a town of Italy, in the patri-
mony of St. Peter, feated on the Puz-
zulo, 22 miles nw of Rome.
Sutton, a town of Maflachufets, in
Worcefter county, 10 miles s by e of
Worcefter, and 46 wsw of Bofton.
Sutton Colefeld, a corporate town in
Warwickihire, with a market on Mon-
day, feated in a barren chafe, 24 miles
NNw of Warwick, and no nw of
London.
Suzanne, St. si town of France, in
the department of Mayenne, with a
confiderable pepper manufa^ure, 24
miles w of Mans.
Sqvaffbam,^ a town in Norfolk, with
a market on Saturday, noted for butter.
The church is handfome, and in the
form of a cathedral. It is feated on a
hill, 28 miles w of Norwich, and 93 ne
of London.
Swale, a river in Yorkfhire, which
rifes on the confines of Weftmorland,
flows e by Richmond and then se to its
jnndlion with the Ure, a little below
Aldborough, where their united ftream
forms the Oufe.
Snuailift a town of Hindoofian, in
Guzerat, with a harbour, where fliips
receive and deliver their cargos for the
merchants of Surat. It is feated near
the gulf of Cambay, 15 miles w of
Surat. Lon. 72 33 e, lat. ai 10 n.
Sivalweli, a village in the county of
Durham, feated on theDerwent, near
its junction with the Tyne, 13 miles
w N w of Sunderland . Here are famous
iron-works, originally eftabliftied by a
blackfmith, about the year 1691.
Suvanage, a village in Dorfetfliire,
feated on a bay of the fame name, in
the Englifli channel, four miles ese of
Corfc Caflle. It has a trade in herrings ;
alfo quarries of fine ftane, of which
many thoufand tons are fhippcd here
annually. See Vurbeck, hk of.
8 W E
Swanslorowht a town of N Caro-
Kna> chief of Onflow county, to the k b
of Wilmington.
Sauamcomb, a village in Kent, two
miles w by s of Gravcfend. Here are
the remains of camps and forts ; and it
is faid to be the place where the Kent-
iflimen obtained of William the con-
queror the grants of their ancient cuf-
toms and franchifes.
Sivmnsea, a town of MafTachufets, in
Bfiftol county, on the river Taunton,
lo miles sw of Taunton.
Sauatuea, a feaport and borough of
Walest in GLimorganthire, governed by
a portreeve, with a market on WediKM-
day and Saturday, an old cadle, and
two churches. Coal, iron, and lime-
itonc abound in its neighbourhood, of
which great quantities are exported. It
has a confiderable trade to Briilul, and
greit works for the fmelting of copper
and lead ore. Many ih*ps have been
built here, and it is reforted to for fea-
bathing. The number of inhabitants
in 1801 was, 6421- It is fcated near the
mouth of thc'Tawy, 3a miles sw of
Brecknock, and 306 w of London.
Lon. 356 w,lat. 51 37 n.
Swanshah, a town of Sweden, in W
Gothland, 15 miles wsw of Lindkopin^.
Sqvunton, a town of Vermont, m
Franklin county, fituate on Lake Cham-
plainf at the mouth of Mifchifcoui
river, 30 miles N'by e of Bnrlington.
SiuarteberfT, a town of Sweden, in
W Gothland, 18 miles nw of Udde-
valla.
Sivartsluys, a town and fortrefs of
Holland, in Overyflel. feated on the
Vecht, four miles from its mouth, and
eight N of Zwoll.
Aw^</fn, a kingdom of Europe, extend-
ing 1 100 miiesfrom n to s, and 600 from
Eto w ; bounded on the n by Danish Lap-
land, E by Ruflia, s by the gulf of Fin-
land an! the Baltic, and w by the Sound,
the Categat and Norway. It is di-
vided into five geiieial paits: Sweden
Proper, Gothland, Nordland, Lapland,
and Finland ; and each of thefo is fnb-
divided into provinces. Sweden Proper
contains Upland, Sudermania, Nicricia,
Weftmania, and Dalecarlia. Gothland
contains E Gothland, Smoland, W
Gothland, Wermcland, liahus, Dalia,
Schonen, Ilalland, Blekingen, and the
ides of Gothland and Oefand. _ Nord-
land includes Geftricia, Heliingia, Me-
dclpadia, Jemptia, Angermania, and W
Bothnia. Swedilh Lapland comprifes
lUma, Pitha, Lula, Tornea, and Kemi :
thefe have no towns, and take their
Aames from rivers that rif«; near the
S W E
borden of Norway and flow into the
{;ulf of Bothnia. Finland contains Fin.
and Proper, E Bothnia, Tavafteland,
Nyland, Savolax, and that part of
Kymene and Carelia which Sweden hat
prefervcd. The whole country is well
watered by riven (though not a fingle
navigable one worth mentioning) nu-
merous lakes, and inland pieces of
water, on the banks of Which the pa.
lac« and villas are ufually built. At
Stockholm, fpring and autumn are
fcarcely to be perceived; for winter
continues nine months, and fiimmer
during the remaining three. In winter
the cold isexceffive, and in fummer the
heat is cunPiderable, the air being ferenq
all that time. All the rocks are quite
covered with flowers in the fummer
time, and the gardens have plenty of
fruits. The trees are early in blofUim.
ing, the foil being fat and fulphureous ;
but the fruits have not fo good a tafte
as in. the more fouthern countries. The
animals are horfes, cows, hogs, goats,
flieep, elks, raindeer, bears, wolves,
foxes, wild cats, and fquirrels. The
horfes are fo little and feeble, that feven
are put to a travelling carriage, f»u.-
abreaft in the firft line, and three in the
fecond ; but a lame or foundered horfe
is feldom to be feen, which is attributed,
in a certain degree, to the manner of
ftabling them on perforated boards
without litter. Here are feveral forts
of fowls ; and partridges, woodcocks,
and falcons, in great plenty. It has
rich filvcr, copper, and iron mines, and
vaft forefts of timber trees. The articles
of export are boards, gunpowder, lea-
ther, iron, copper, tallow, flcins, pitch,
refin, and mafts; and it imports fait,
brandy, wine, linencloth, ftuffs.tobacco,
fugar, fpice, and paper. The inhabit-
ants are of a robuJl conftitution, and
able to fuftain the hardeft labour. They
are more polilhed than formerly ; and
have feveral public fchoolsand colleges*
where the anici and fciences are taught.
Their houfes arc generally of wood,
with very little art in their conftruftion.
The roofs, in many places, aie covered
with turf, on which their goats often
feed. The form of the Swedilh govern-
ment has frequently varied. Before the
acceffion of Guftavus i it was an eleAive
monarchy By the union of Calmar,
in 1397, It was ftipulated that the fame
monarch fliould rule over JDlenmarky
Sweden, and Norway; and benei;'
Sweden became a mere tributary king-
dom to Denmark. From this ftate of
fubjeftion to a tyrannical foreign yoke,
it was refcued by Guftavua Vafo, en
S W I
whom the ffwt'de*, in i^aj, cnnffrred
the fovcrcifiityi and made the crown
hei'«ditflry m hit male iflur. He wan
cnfruftcd with great prerogAtlvcs ; and
thcTe were au(;mentM by Oullaviu
Adolphus. the right of (uccifliun being
extended, at the fame time, to the fe-
male line. In the minority of his daugh-
ter Ciiriftina. tlie ivgnl pcwt'ri were
gvedtly circumfcrilN-d, and tlio nnbU-s
^icquircd fiich an exorbitant authority,
as gave great umbrage to the clergy,
citizeuB, and peafiuittt. This proved a
favorable opportunity for Chnrles x i to
obtain from the ftatvH a formal crlFion
of abfolutc fovereignty, which quietly
devolved upon his (on Charles xii.
tJpon the death of the latter, the Sweden
conferred the crown upon Ulrica Elea-
nnra, hisyoungift fiftcr ; llipulating, at
the fame timet great limits to the prero-
gative. Ulrica refigiicd the crown to
ner cunfort Frr-dcric i. From this pe-
riodi the Swediih monarcli was the motl
limited one in I'uropr, till i;;:, when
Cuftavus III eifciftcd a revolution, by
which he regained the mod eflTcntial
royal prerogatives, with«4Ut, however,
Iteing an nbfolute monarch, lie ^vas
aflaifinated in i r92, leaving hib fou Guf-
tavus Adolphus n minor, who attained
his majority in 1796. The ellabliihed
religion is the I.utlieran, and they have
one archbi/hop, and tl. .teen bifliops.
^he capital i» r>tockholm.
Swejen Proper, one of the five grand
divilions of Sweden, bouniii-d on the s
by Gothland, w by Norway, n by
l^qrdland, and E by the Ualtic Tea It
comprehends five provinces, and Stoc)f-
holm, the capital of all Sweden.
SwfJfiborough, A town ol Nt;w Jerfey,
in Glouccfter county, on Rariton creek,
three mileSkfrom its m<H)th in Delaware
liver, 9i)d so S by w of Philadelphia.
Sv/einyt a town of the kingdom of
Barfoorj and a place of gencial rt'l'ort
f'or merchants trading to Egypt, .^5 miles
it of Cobbe.
Swindon, a town in Wiltlhire, with
^ market ion Monday, feated on 1 hijl
^8 miles N of Saliibury, and 83 w of
London. '
Snvittesheady a town in Lincolnfhire,
with a market on Thurfday, fix miles k
<>f Bofton, and no n of London.
S^itiwa, a little illand of Scotlqnd,
Pii« of thii Orkneys, fitnatn near the
i\U4<{le of pe PcntJand frith . Here are
tNQo whirlpools that are dangeraiis tq
laarincrs^ lja|rtici|larly in a calm.
SwiftUit z pillage ip W Verkfliirc,
four mileft^VB of Rotherhain, feated
ODithe. fknn ud Oo?« QtwJ, nmr it9
S W I
ej>trMnce inlo the riv^r Oon> Here it a
coufiUcrab'v potleiy, fjoA A large irwn
forge.
ii<wiiietland, or Switntrhnd, a 60ttn.t
try of I'Urope, bounded on thw n bjr
Suabia, k by Tyrol, s by Savoy aiut
Italy, rnd w by France, it is ate milei
loitg .-^nd 130 broad, frparated from thu
adjacent countries by high mountaiuii,
called the Alps. Swillcrland was divided
into 1,3 cantons, excluTivc of tJ\dr alliiu
ami bailiwics; namel/, I<ucer«, Uri,
Srhwcitz, Underwalden, Zug, Fribnrg,
Suleure, Zurich, Bern, ttafvl, Scliait'.
Iiaufen, Glarus, and Appen/.el. The
(irlt fevcn arc catholics, the next fuur
arc Calvinifls, and the other two con-
tain both religions. TItere are foivpaf?
fagcs over the Alps into Italy from
Swiflerland ; the tirft'is beyond the laktt
of Geneva, over Mount Cennis, which
leads to &ivoy ; thi: fecond begins in
the country of the Grifons, crolll'S
Mount St. Bernard, and leads to the
valley of AouUa in Piedmont ; the third
begins In the cotmtry of the. Orifuns,
croflis Mount Simpleberg, and leadi; tu
the duchy of .Mil.m ; the fourth crollcs
Mount St. Cothnrd, ani^l the bailivvica
of Italy, and t(>rmin:ites in the Milanefe.
Thp principal la(ces are thofc of Con-
ftance, Geneva, Lucern, Zurich, and
Neuchate|. The moft 9onAder<ible ri-
vers are the Rhine, Rhone, Aar, Arve,
lieufs, and Limmat. SwiflTerJand ex-
ceeds every country in the world in
diverfity of appearance : the vaft chain
of Alps with enormous p.vcipiccs, ex-
tenfive regions of perpetual fnow, and
glacii.TS that refemble feas of ice, are
contralted by the vineyard :^nd cultir
yated field, the richly wooded brow,
and the verdant Y«iUey with its cryftaj
ftrpam. Agriculture cannot of courfp
be carried tu great extent, but the grain
produce^ is fufiicient fur dumcdic cun^
fumption. The chief riches conlid of
excellent paftures, in which many cattle
are bred and fattened, and the gonti;,
and chamois, feed on the mountains, niid
in the woods. l(\\c rncn are all ftrong
and robuft, for which reafon they are
preferred by feveral nations for the
military fcrvice. The women are to-
leTably hahflfome, have many gooil
qualitif^s, and are in general very induf»
trious. The peaiants retain their old
manner of flrefs, and are content to live
\ipon milk, butter, arid cheefe; and
there are ibme of the mountaintuirs who
never have any bread. In 17517, the
partisans of France having excited diC-
putes and difturbancea in SwiiUrrland,
the French. «iit«Rd the oouutry; and;
aftwd
who
they
princ»|
tt'rmec
thu go
dircilo
tllhed,
France
th(*ir a
offered
they c*
conltiti
Valais
the chi
the lis
Tefin,
Thurg
catho
both
canton
ment.
Appen
Zug, a
cratic
above t
in the a
other t'
being a
council
the cou
membc
alTembl
Bern, $
S X D
Xfitt dttkiiin^ the vr6op$ and (kaCiht^,
who Qopofcd them* in Hevt^rill b4ttlitt»
they iiboltnicd the conftituifoni of thv
principal cantOili» crfeAed w|)at wab
ti'rmedthb lUlvcticRttpublic, and vcfted
thu gov4;rnmcnt in two councili knd a
dirC^loir)'. 'this conftitutiun wai iib6>
lifhed, in tfldii by the firit conful of
France, and another was prefented fuf
thi^ir acceptance, but rejected ; ar.d he
offered theth a new one^ in i.Ao,^ , which
they ctinfcnted to accept. By the new
conttitution, excluftve of the republic ot
Valais and the territory of Neuchate),
the cbuntry is divided into 19 Cantons :
the fix now, ones are Pays dc Vaud,
TeHn, Argau, Grifons, St. Gall, and
Thurgatt; of which the firfl two arc-
cathoTicsi and the other four contiin
both cithulics and protellants. Each
canton has 'to dillin^ internal govern-
ment. In fiVen of them, Schweitz,
Appenxc', Glarus, Undcrwalden, Urif
Zng, and Giifons, it is of the dctnu-
crntic kind; ill the male inhabitants
above twenty years of age having voiced
in the affembiy : the govcrnmertt of the
other twelve is of the ariflocratic form, ^
being admihiftercd by a great and little
council. Thu general government of
the country is by a diet, compofed of a
member from each canton, which
aflemblos annually in June at Friburg,
Bern, SoUnii-e, Baftl, Zurich, or Lu-
cern, in rotation ; and tlic prefidetit ia
ftyted Landamman of SwilFtv^and. See
Sc/iwfitz.
Sji/at a town of Sweden, in W Goth«
land, 13 miles sw uf Lindkoping.
St/dnef/ liay, a bay on the s lide of
Norfolk' iflaiid, in the Pacific ocean,
formed by Point Hunter and Point
Roft, which arc near two miles afunder.
Here is a fettlemeiit of conviits, from
England. Lon. iti la e. lat. 29 4 ^*
Sydn(y,t a town of New S Wales,
founded by governor Philip, on a cove
of Port Jaclilbn, in 1788, as a Britifh
fettlemcnt for the colony of convitjts
originally intended for Botany bay;
iind noiXr is the principal fi tt of the
government. Here isahandfome church,
an orphan ichool, a commodious gaul.
4 military 'bofpital, a naval yard, &c.
The governor 8 houfe is built of ftone,
and has a very good appearance ; the
lieutenant-governor's is of brick, as are
alfo tbofe belonging to the judge and
the coipmiflTary, The generality of the
Koufes are built of logs and plailered*
apd all the roofs are either covered with
mingles, or thatch. It is fituate on the
' i fide of the harbour or Part Jaekfon.
Lon. 151 aj E, bit. 4S 4) s«
Sv>M, br Xfkiint ^ town of t'ltypt;
wUh a (mall ft)i't^ Qn the right bank of
tht,Nirp. tt WǤ ancfently ^ gity, and
cdebfated for the Irft attempt to «f-
certafn the cik-cumference of the earthy
by Eratoftejtes.anativeof Cyrefle,;ib9Ut
tht year 275 before Qhriit. The tt^
tnajni of the ancient town are. cih an
eminence io the s, where columns aihu
pillars of granite ' fcattcred here ai^
there denote its litu tion. Near it, on
a fmall ifland in the Nile, anciently called
Elephantina, is a temple of Cnuphii
very httle injured. It is 400 miles s of
Cairo. Lon. 33 20 b. lat. 24 o N.
Syltt an ifland of Denmark, on the w
coalt of Jutland, of an irregular fbirny
about 40 mite) m circumference> t>uc
ill no part above two from the fca.
Great quantitiiis of oyftera ar« found
here. The chief town is Morfum.
Lon. 8 a6 e, lat. 5 » 57 N.
SylveJ, a town of Portnstal, in AU
garva, Rtuate oh a river of the fame
name, 15 miles kne of Lagos, and 44
w or Tavira.
SympheropoU the capital of tho
Crimea, or Kullian province of Taurida
The houfcs are built of ftone. and root-
ed, in the ancient Greek ftyle, with
tiles. There are likewife numerous
modern haodfome buildings, for the
refidence of the governor, judges, an^
other civil officers. The old Tartar
part of the town, called Achmetfliet, is
dirty and illbuilt. The environs arv'
beautiful ; and two miles to t!)C E of
the city is the mountain TchaUrdagh,
the hignell in the Crimea^ ahd:i;he Monfi
B<Tofus of the ancients. SympheropnJ
is litu;ite,on the Salgir^ the principal
river of the province, 6j miles w by s
of CaiTa and 90 s by b of PrcCop. Lon.
340 E,lat. 44 ^2 N.
Syraeuje, a fcaport of Sicily, in V.^l
di Noto, and a b^lhop's feet with a itnc
harboiir, defended by a caftle. It was
once the metropolis o? all Sicily ; hui
war, tyranny, and earthquakes have
reduced it to lefs than one fourth of its
former fize, when it was deemed one '. *
the moft famous cities in the world, aixl
22 miles in compafs. Near this place,
in 1718, there was a feafight between
the Spaniards and Englifli, in which the
former were beaten. It is feated hear the
fea, 73 miles s by w of Meflina, and 1 19
8K of Palermo. Lon. 15 10 e, lat. 37 5 »,
St/ria, or Suristan, a province of
Turkey in Afia, bounded on the v by
Natolia and Diarbeck, E by the latter
a^nd the deferts of Arabia, s by Aral^jjt
Petraea, aj(id w by the Mediterrancar
Under th^ gcherat haOte of Sy^a ta
T A A
included the ancient Fhoenicia, lying s
of Syni Proper. This province abounds
in otl, com, and feveral forts of fruits,
as wdl as peas, beans, and all kinds of
pulfe and gardunftuflf; but it would
|>roduce much more than it does, if it
were well cultivated ; for there are the
fineft valleys in the world, between
mountains whofe fides are proper for
the cultivation of tobacco, olives, and
vines. The inhabitants have a trade in
filk, camlets, and fait. Syria was pof-
fefled b^ a fucceffion of for ;ign nations,
before the time of Ptolemy, when it
became a province of the Roman empire.
five centuries after, when the fons of
heodolius divided their immcnfe pa-
trimony, this country was annexed to
the empire of Conftantinople. In this
fituation it continued till the year 622,
^hen the Arabian tribes, under the
banners of Mahomet, feized, or rather
laid it wafte. Since that period, torn
to pieces by the civil wars c" the Fate-
mites and Ommiades, wreftea from the
califfs by their rebellious governors,
taken from them by the Turkmen
foldiers, inv ided by the European cru-
fades, retake A by the mamlukes of
Kgypt, and ravaged by Tamerlane and
his Tartars, it has, at length, fallen into
the hands of the Ottoman Turks, who
have been its mailers near three cen-
turies. It. is d'vided into five pachalics,
or gavcrhmencs ; Aleppo, Tripoli, Da-
mafcus, Acre, and Paleftine: the whole,
of which is eftimated to bring into the
Srand fignior's treaftiry the fum of
312,500!. fterljng. Aleppo is the capital.
Suriam, a fcaport of Pegu, feated at
the head of a river of the fame name,
, oppofite the mouth of P^u river. Two
miles to the s is the great pagoda of
Syriam. It is eight miles e by n of
Rangoon, and fSo s of Pegu. Lon. 96
17 E, lat. 16 50 W.
Szadeckt a town of Poland, in the
palatinate of Siradia, aa piilcs ne of
Siradia.
Szeged- See Zefredin.
Szeiel^y a town of llungary, 18 mile§
BSK of Debreczen.
Sxered. See Sered.
Szuccot atrtwn of W PrufTia, in the
palatinate of Culm, feated on the Vif;
f ula, J a miles s by w of Culm.
T.
Tfitifet or Tm/tt a rivqr of Wales,
vvhich riles in Brecknockfliire, and flows
tirousl^ Olamorganihiie, by Merthyr
TAB
Tidvil, Pont y Prydd, and CardifT, intq
the Briftol channel.
Taaift a town of Arabia, in the pro*
vince of Hedjas, with a confiderable
trade in fruits, raifins, and almonds. It
is fituate on a lofty mountain, 60 miles
SE of Mecca. Lon. 41 35 E, lat. 21 5 k.
Taast A ftrong <ity of Arabia, in
the province of Yem.m, with a fortrefs.
Here is the tomb of a faint, who, ac-
cording to tradition, was king of the
country. It fliHiids at the foot of a fer-
tile hill, 48 miles eke of Mocha., Lpn.
44 10 E, lat. 13 45 s.
Taata, a town of Upper i^gypt, one
mile from the Nile. It is the refidence
of a governor, has many curioUs remains
of antiquity, and is 300 miles s of Cairo.
Lon- 31 25 E, lat. 26 s^ ^'
Tubagat an idand in the bay of Pa-
nama, four miles long and three broad.
It is mountainous, but abounds with
frdit trees. Lon. 80 16 w, lat. 7 50 s.
Tabarca, an ifland on the coaft of
Barbary, at the mouth of the ^aine.
It was fortified, and had a populous
city of the fame name, when under the
dominion of the Genoeff, who had a
coral filhcry here. But, in 1757, on the
Genoefe attempting to transfer the
illand to France, the Tabareans fur-
rendered their city to Tunis ; and they
were cruelly deceived by the bey, for
he razed the fortifications, and took
away moft of the inhabitants as flaves.
It is 50 miles wnw of Tunis. Lon. 9
1 6 E, lat. 36 50 N.
Tabariot the ancient Tiberias, a town
of Paleftine, fituate on the w fide of ^
lake, formerly called the fea of Ti-
berias, 50 milt;s NNE of Jerufilem, and
70 ssw of Dainafcus. Lon. 35 45 e,
lat. 3« 40 N.
Tabajfo, a province of Mexico;
bounded on the n by the bay of Cam-
peachy, E by Jucatan, s by Chiapa,
And w by Guaxaca. It is 100 miles
long and 50 broad, and its chief riches
confift in cocoa-nuts. There are ihowers
every day for nine months in the year.
Tab(4Jco, a town of Mexico, capital
of the province of Tabafco.' The Spa-
niards call it Nucftra Senora de la Vit-
toria, frojn a groat vi(51ory obtained
here by Cortes, on his firft arrival. It is
fituate in an ifland of the fame name, 30
miles long and 10 broad, forfned by the
rivtr Tabafco and that of St. Peter and
Paul, anii on th»' bay ofCampeachy, 27*
miles NE of Chiapa. Lon. 93 20 w»
lat. 18 20 N'.
Taberg, a town of Sweden, in Smo»
land, noted for its rich mines of iron^
JO miles s of JonVoptng.
\
uid CardiflT, intq
ibia, in the pro«
a confiderable
nd almonds. It
intain, 60 milei
5 8, lat. 21 5 N.
of Arabia, in
with a fortrcfs.
faint, who, ac-
n9 king of the
k foot of a fer-
r Mocha. Lpn.
^erj^gypt, one
18 the refidcnce
curiotis remains
niles s of Cairo.
N.
the bay of Ba-
nd three broad.
abounds with
w, lat. 7 50 s.
n the coaft of
pf the ^aine.
1(1 a populous
vhen under the
fe, who had a
in ir5r»onthe
> transfer the
Pabareans fur-
mis i and they
r the bey, for
pns, and tooic
ants as flaves.
'unis. Loa. 9
berias, a town
le w fide of ^
fea of ti-
erufilem, and
on- 3S 45 2»
of Mexico ;
bay of Cam-
by Chiapa,
IS ipo milea
chief riches
eareflioweri
in the year,
xtco, capital
The Spa-
a de la Vit-
ry obtained
irrival. It is
ne name, 30
pied by the
t. peter and
eachy, if
93 ao w,
bn, in Smo*
pes of ironi
TAP
Taile Lland, one of the New He-
)>ride8, in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 167
7 s, lat. 15 38 s.
Taipf, atownofCaiTtna, the capital
of a, country *lying to the e of Zunara.
It is 280 miles N by w of Agades.
Lon. 12 10 B, lat- 24 o N.
Taiott a town of Bohemia^ in the
circle of Bechin, which the Huflites,
under their celebrated general^ Zifca,
fortified and made their principal re-
treat. It is feated on a mountain of
the fame name, by the river Lufchnitz*
91 miles NNE of Bechin.
Tains, See tauris,
labristatiy a province of Periia, on
the s fhore uf the Cafpian feat bounded
by Aftrabad on the E, ard Chilan on
thew.
Tacamest or AtacameSt a feaport of
Peru, capital of a jurifdiAion of the
fame name, in the audience of Quito.
It is fituate on a bay of the Pacific ocean,
to which it gives name, no miles NW of
Quito. Lon. 79 30 w, lat. o 52 N.
TacoTze, a river which rifes in Abyf-
finia, flows mw into Nubia, and joins
the Nile at Ilak.
•Tqchau, a town of Bohemia, in the
circle of Pilfun, on the river Mies, 18
mi!os w of Pilfen.
Tadcaster, a town in W Yorkfliire,
with ^ market on Thurfday. Great
plenty of Ijmeftone is dug up in the
neighbourhood. It (lands on the river
Wharf, nine miles sw of York, and 187
N by w of London.
Tadivant or Tftduan, a town of Per-
fta, in Farfiftan, fituate in a fruitful
yallt-y, 6q miles s of Shiras.
Tadmor. See Palmi^ra.
Tadousac, a town ot Lower Canada,'
which is of great rcfort for trading with
the Indians, who bring hitht-r furs to
exchange for clotli and other European
goods. It is fituate at the mouth of
the Saguenay, onthe river St. Lawrence,
p8 miles nb of Quebec. Lon. 69 35
w, lat. 485 N.
Tafatht a town of Spain, in Navarre,
with a univerfity. diaries 11, king of
Navarre, built a palace here, which he
made his ordinary refidcnce ; and Philip
IV honoured the town with the title
of city. It is feated on the Cidazzo, in
a country producing good v.ine, 18
miles s of Pamplano. Lon. i 36 w,
lat. 42 29 M.
Tafilety a kingdom of fiarbary, on
the K fide of Mount Atlas; hounded
on the N by Algiers, e by the Beriberesi
s by Zahara, and w by Darah and
Morocco. It is a mountainous fandy
country, but produces wheat anc' barley
t>y the Rdes of the riven. The in&abi-
TA J
tants live upoo camel's flefli and date<«.
and they breed borfes to fell to fo«
reigners. The Arabs live in tents* and
the Beriberes, the. ancient inhabitants*
dwell in villages.
Tafilet, the capital of the kingdom of
the fame name, with a caftle. It is a.
trading, plage, and feated on a river of
its name, 275 miles se of Morocco.
Lon. 4 20 w, lat. 30 40 n.
Taganrog, a feaport and fort, of
Ruflia, fituate on the nw extremity of
the fea of Afoph. It is the largeft and
beft port on this fea ; carries on a con-'
fiderable trade with Conftantinople ai^
the Archipelago, particularly in cam
and butter ; and is employed in (hip<4
building. It is 36 miles wnw of Afoph.
Lon. 38 10 E, lat. 47 14 K.
Ttfghmeni a borough of Ireland, : in
the county of Wexford, feven miles v^.
of Wexford,
TagliaeozzOf a town of Naples,, in
Abruzzo Ulteriore, 18 miles sw of
Aquila, and 33 ene of Rome. .,
Tagliamentot a river of Italy, whicK
rifes in the Alps, on the frontiers oc
Germany, and runs s through Friuli
and Trevifano, into thegulf of Venice. '
^ Tagoast, or Tagavast^ a town of the
kingdom of Sus, by fome faid to be the
birthplace of St- Auguftin. A great
many Jews live here, who carry on a
confiderable trade. It is feated in a fer--
tile plain, 37 miles s of Tarudant.
Tagumadert, a town of the kingdom
of Darah, with a itreng caftle on a
mountain, feated on the river Darah,
20 miles s of Tattah.
Tahoorowot one of the fmalleft of the
Sandwich iflands, lying off the sw part
of Mowi*;, from which it is diltant
three leagues. It is deftitutc of wood«
and the foil feems to be fandy .iiid bar*
ren. Lon. 176 15 w, lat. 20 33 n.
Taiy a lake of China, in the provinces
of Kiang-nan and Tche-kiang, near 50
leagues in circumference, and 75 mile$
i>£ of Nan-king.
Taief, a. town of Arabia Deferta, with
a caftle on a mountain, 6q miles se o^
Mecca.
Taillehutgt a town of France, in the
department of Lower Charente, on the
river Charente, eight mile^i M of Saintes,
and 30 se of Rochelle.
Tairtt a borough of Scotland, and
the principal town in Rol'sfhirc. Here
is a large fquare tower, adorned with
fiye fpires, and an elegant church, for-
merly collegiate. It is feated near the
frith of -Dornoch, 10 miles n of CrQ«
marty. Lon. 3 5 1 w, lat. 57 46 n.
Tajo, or TagtUt a river which has ita
fourcc on the conges of Arragon, iq
\
Sfttin, rnns th«-<«igh Kew Caftil(r> by
Araiijut7-,T«>lcdo,and Talavara, \vhen<%
is ptocvedsby Alcantara, in Eftrrtnadti-
ja ; when entering Portugal, it flows by
Abrantes and Santaren, hdow which it
forms the harbour of Liibon, and then
enters the Atlantic ocean.
Tai-iuan, a city and fcaport, capital
of the ifland of Founofa. The (In eta
arc nearly ftraight, from 30 to 40 feet
in breadth, and fome of them above
t*o miles in length. They are ciiverecl
iein months in the year with awnings
to defend them from the heat of the Am.
^e harbour is iheltered from every
pRnd. It is feated on the w fide of the!
iQand. Lon. isto 50 t, lat. 23 25 S'.
Tai-phgi a city of China, of the firft
tank, in the province of Kiang-nan*
ftnted on the Kian-ku. 25 miles ssw of
>ran>king. Lon. 119 ij b, Urt. 59
a.6 N.
Tai-fit^, ^- i>tong city of Chirtft, of
Ibe firft ran^, in the protmce of ^ang-
H, feated o;« •» ^<iint of land, atmcffl fiiT-
Tounirfe*? by a river, f^Sa miles w by s
Camon. l.on. 107 o k, lat- 22 36 M.
'f'lu-ttfhfou, a city of China, of the
fiiitrank, in the province of Tchekiaiig,
icatiid on the bank (^ a river, in a
7noont»Rou8 country, 72* miles sse of
Peking. Lon. mi % E,1at. cA 5^ K.
Tai-iotigi a ftrong city of China, of
the tiril rtnk, in the province of Chan-
fi, feated uwr the great wall, in a
mnvntainoua country, ij5 miles w of
Ftking. Lon. 113 q k, lat. 40 5 n.
Tai-gutitt a city of China, capital of
the province of Chan-fi< It is eight
jnrles in circumference, but much de-
cayed fince it was the vtfidem;*; of the
?rfnces of the laft imperial i'amily of
\ii.ming-tchao. It is 230 miles sw of
Peking. Lon. iii 56 e, lat. .^7 54 n.
Talacuda, a town of Hindooltan, in
>fyfore, on the N bank of the Citvory. It
has a celebrated temple ; and the tops
oft'ome otherr.are to be leen, between
the town and the river, which for
jnurry years have boen overwhelmed by
iand*hiiU. It is =4 miks kse of My-
Ibre.
Talawra, a town of Spain, in New
Caflile, with a fort. It has manufaftiirts
of tiik, and a pottery. It is feated pn
the Tajo, in a vaiUiy abounding in corn,
fruittt, and excellent wine> 5}J miles sw
of Madrid. Lon. 4' i w, lat. 39 41 if.
Talai'trueh', a town of Spain, in
Eftremudura, i'eatcd w\ tbe Guadianit,
14 miles E of Badajoz.
Takaf^uana, a foaporL of Chili, on the
si; ihore of the bay of Conception, i.\\A
near the ruins of the old city of Con-
ception. It is now the onfy Spanife afbov#'||uftom
t AM
ft^cnteiit IH the b«y, M^Irn^ fn^et
from the ne#d.ty »t Cdh<i«i^ltin. Lui).
73 o w, lat. 36 45 s.
Ta-lu 1 dty of ttrfftHi (If the jirft
ratikf in tlie proViticie tif Vul)4ilih. Hvtife
dre milde curiout tables attfl drtriirri^ii
of fine marble^ "which i^ hatufAlly b{bau«>
tified with dlftefent colburs, repreftnt-
ing moiihtalhst^ftwirs^'treits, and rivers.
It is 166 milM vtTK^ of Yuh-itikh. Ldnw
loo 6 F.» hi. S4 5ir K.
Tallagfi, a bordd^ tif Ireland, ra th^
county «jf Watetfolrd, Gtudte hear the
river Bride, %^ mileS EitE of Cork, iiM
3S wsw of Watet-fbrd.
T4lianff, a feapoK of Corfica, fituate
on the gulf, of Tatlano, 24 miles htixir
of Bonifacio, and 30 ss\<f of Corte. Loa.
9 18 t, lat. 51 ao N.
TiiUerd, k iOtfin of Fraiii:e, ih tht de-
parttoent of Uroer AlP8> feated on the
Durance, 10 mil<:s8 of Gap.
Tstlmtntt k tovirn of France, in the
department ef LoWer Charente, iiv-ith a
harbour, near the mouth of the Gironde;
*'o miles sA* of Saintes.
Tamalamtea, a town of Terra Firma,
in the government of St. Martha, feated
dn the Madalena, 140 ttiiles s of St.
Martha. ' Lon. 74 15 w, lat. 9 6 n.
Tuman. See PhanaeOTta.
Tamnn^h, a town ot Hindooftan, in
the country of Concan, at the moutH
of a river, 14 mile^ s by e of Gheriah.
Tumari a river which riles* in the N
part of Cornwajl, on the borders of
DcvonOiire, takes a foutherly courit',
feparnting the two coHnties, and fonus
the harbour of Hamoaze, at Plymouth.
Tamara, the capital of the iiland cf
Socotera, with a good harbour. Tht;
trade cnni^fts chiefly in aloe.*:, frnnkin-
cenfe, ambergrife, and dragoniblood'.
It is feated on a bay, on the }^ codtt of
the ifland. Lon. 53 45 e, lat. 1 1 56 >'.
Tamiirachert/y a towtt of Htndooflan,
in Malabar, 17 miles ne of Calicut.
'J'amariea, or Itamaria, a province of
]Trufil, between F^raibo on the n, and
Ferambuco on the s. On the coaft is
an ifland of the fattie name, 24 miles iri
length, which has a harbour atid good
fre/n water. Lon. 35 5 w, lat. 7 56 x
Tfmlq/\ a town of RufTia, capital of
a government of the fame n;>i le, and a
bilhop's fee. It is feated on the Tzna,
which flows into the Mokfcha, %i^
jniles ss of Moicg\v, Lo"' 41 4 ^1 '''^^'
i%jA N.
Tamefji river >vhich rif« in Stafford-
jplire, and entering Wai^ickfhire, flows
firft h, and then n, till it re-enters its
native county at Tamworth', beloW
vfhlcH it joins Uie Tn:nt} fcven q»ilei<
TAN
Tame* m iiver vrhidi rifta In Hert-
forcHhiie. SetTkame.
Tamiebt <t town of Egypt» on a canal
which comnrttnicate* M'ith the Nile,
I } miles N E of Fayoum.
Taumufthi a borough in Stafford ihire,
with a market on Saturday, and a nra-
nuftiAure of narrow cloths. The K
part of the town ia in Warwickihire.
Tamwtt-th caftle ig the feat of the earl
of Leiceftcr. It is feated on the Tame,
at the influx of the Anker, eight miles
S£ of Lichfield, and iij nw of London.
TaHarot a fiver which rifes in Pied-
mont, flows by Cherafco, Alba, Afti,
and Alexandria, and joins the Po, below
Valenza. It gives name to a new de-
partment of Prance, including part of
f icdmonti of which the chief town is
Afti-
Taneott ^ town of Portugal, in Ef-
tremadura, ieatcd on the Zerara, near
itscontlux with the Tajo, la miles sse
of Toman.
Tartcrotival^ai town of Africa, featcl
on the Gambia, where the Engliih have
a fort. Lon. 14 ^^ A', lat. 13 10 n.
Ta»Jay or Tanrah, a town of Hin-
dooftan, in Beng:)!, of which foubah it
was ihf capital in the 17th century.
There is little remainiug nf it but the
rimpart ; and the period wlu.'n it was
deferted is nqt certainly known. It is
featfrd on the Ganges, no miles nw of
Dacca. Lon. 37 56 e, lat. 23 25 n.
T(indera^ee% a town of Ireland, in the
county of Armagh, with an extcnfivt:
linen nianufa^ure, and a cnnriderable
trade. It ftands near the Newry canal,
f I miles ENK pf Armagh, and 13 ksw
pf Newry.
TaneptoHy a town of Maryland, in
Frederic county ( 17 miles M by e of
Frederictown.
Tangermunties a town of Branden-
burg, in the Old mark, with a caftle,
ifeated at the conflux of the Tanger with
the Elbe, 34 miles wnw of Branden-
burg.
Tangier, a feapnrt of the kingdom of
Fez, with a caftle, and furtounded by a
wall. The trade conltfts in fupplying
the oppoftte cualls with proyilions. It
was taken by the Portugq^fe, in 1471 ;
and given as a dower to princefs Ca-
therine, «n her marriage with Charles
ri of England ; but he did not think it
worth the expence of keepmg. and, in
1683, caufed the works to be blown
up. It is feated on the flrait of Gibral-
tar, 140 miles NW of Fe9> Lon. j 48
w, lat. 35 46 N. •
T/trtjore, a province of Hinddbftan,
(*n the coait of Coromandel, 95 miles
l<it)f and 50 broad, ll i« an> appendage
TAP
of th« C«rnatict but (ubje^ to its own
rajah, who pays an annual Aibfidy it
the Englifli £ India Company.
Tnnjorey a city of Hindooftan, ca-
pittil of a province of the fame name.
The piilace is a gradd ffiuare, furround-
ed by a wall and a wet ditch. It Is
feated on a branch of the Cavei-y, 156
miles 8 by w of Miylras, and 166 se of
Scringapatam. Lon. 79 12 E,lat. 10 46 n.
Tauiia, a town and fortrefs of Tibet*
at the foot of a mountain, ijj miles
wsw of Lafla Lon. 87 aa E, lat. 29 5 n.
TannOf a fertile ifland, in the Pacific
ocean, one of the 'l^ew Hebrides, on
which is a volcano and fome hot fpringt.
The inhabitants are brave and hofpita-
ble ; and their arms are bows and ar-
rows, flings, fpears, and clubs. It is s a
miles lonp; and 10 broad ; and wasdif-
covered, m 1774, by Cook, who named
the harbour where he lay, Port Refolu*
tion, from the name of his fl)ip. Lon«
169 41 E, lat. 19 32 8.
ianfta, a town of Hindooftan, in the
ifland of Sallette, on the £ coaft, 15
miles 14 £ of Bombay. Lon. 7153 £, lat«
19 13 K.
Tanore, a feaport of Hindooftan, in
the province of Malabar, 28 miles ssi.
of Calicut. Lon. 75 50 E,lat. 10 55 n.
Tiioo, the moft fouthcrn of the Friend-
ly iflands, in the Pacitic ocean, about
ten leagues in circuit.
Tuonnlna, a feaport of Sicily, in Val
di Domoita, feated on a rocky eminence,
oil the E coaft, 34 miles ssw of 1 ..Tma.
Lon. 15 24 K, lat. 37 $1 V,
Taoukat ^ 'niall ifiaiid in the Paciflc
ocean, 65 leagues ne ofOtahcite. Lon.
14.'; 9W, lat. 1430 s.
Ta/>oor, a town of Hindooftan, in
Myfore, 15 miles ssw of Darampoury^
and 83 LSK of Seringap.itam.
Tappnhannoc^ a town of Virginia,
chief of EiTex county. It has fome ex-
port trade, and ftauds on the sw branch
of the Rappahannoc, 54 miles ne of
Kichmoiul. Lon. 77 12 w, lat. 38.0 n.
Tappun, a town of New York, in
Orange county, three miles from the w
bank of the Hudlbn, and at the s end of,
the broad part of it called the Tappan
fea. Here, in i7«o, major Andre was
trifd, and fuffcrcdas a fpy ; being taken
on his way to N*?w York, atier concert-
ing a plan with general Arnold for de-
livering up Well Point to the Britiili.
It is 15 miles n of New York.
Tappancolyt a fe.aport on the w fide
of the ifland of Sumittra, iituate on a
frnall ifland called PunchongcacheeL
The bay is very deep, and capable of
containing the united ravies of Europe..
The £ngUUi £ India company have '^
I
TAR
faAory here. It was taken by the
Frenchr, but rcftored at the peace in
J 763. Lon. 98 6 E, lat. I 40 M.
Tafttyt a river of Hindouftan, which
fifcs at Maltoy, in the country of
Berar^ and runs into the gulf of Canihay,
so miles below Surat. At its month,
light miles s of Swally, is V&ux Tomb,
a tower r^o foi t high, ercdwd over the
grave ai an Knglilh captain of that
name. It ferves as a beacon to velTcls
making the road of Surat,
Tar, or Pamiicoy a river of N C««
, rolina, which flows by Louifljurg, Tar-
borough, Greenville, and WaJhington
into Pamlico found, 40 mih^s sR of the
latter town.
Taragalla, a town of the kingdom of
Darah, with a caftlc, fcated on the
Darah, 135 .miles w by s of Tafilet.
Lon. 7 3s w, lat. 27 25 n,
Taramay one of the Wffteri? Inands
of Scotland, four miles in length, and
two where broadelt. I^on. 8 ^5 w, iat.
58 3 N.
Tararcy a town of France, in the de-
partment of Rhone, at th«' foot of a
mountain, io ^nilcs wnw of Lyon-
Taraicon, a town of France, in the
department of Months of the Rhone,
with a calUc;. feated on the Rhone, op-
pofite Meancaire, with which it com-
municates by a bridge of boats. It has
a trade in oil, brandy, flurch, and filk
ftuffs. It is 10 miles n of Aries, and
14 E by s of Nifmes.
TaraiCOHy a town of France, in the
department of Arriege, on the river
AiTipe, fcven miles ssf. of Foix.
Tarazt a city of Weftern Tartary,
and the capital of Tui-keftan. It is
feated on a river, which flows into the
Sirr, 3.^0 miles n by e of Samarcand.
Lon. 6(5 .:;o K, lat. 44 so n.
Taraxma, a ftrong town of Spain, in
Arragon, and a bifliop's fee. It is ferat-
ed partly on a rock, .ind partly in a
fertile plain, 60 miles wnw of Saragoira,
and 180 NIC of Madrid. Lon. i 36 w,
lat. 42 2 H.
Tarbaty a town of Scotland, in the
county of Cromarty, fix miles e of Tain.
Tarv:it, East, a town of Scotland, in
the county of Argyll, 25 miles n of
Campbetton.
Tarbes, a town of France, capital of
the department of Upper Pyrenees,
vtth ail ancient caftle, and a college.
It was lately a bifhop's fee. It is feated
on the Ad(>ur,-42 miles sw of Auch,
and lis s by E of Bourdeaux. Lon.
04 E, lat. 43 14 N-
Tarhonvghi a town ofN Carolina,
where large quantitiesof tobacco, maize,
pork) and bief otecoUe^edfor export
TAR
tatton. ■ It ftands on the river Tar, j((.
miles E by N of Ralegh. Lon. if 5^
Wi lat. 3jj j8 n;
Tarentot a feaport of Naples, in
IVrra d'Otranto, and an nrchbifliop's
fee. It is feated on a pcninfula^ and
defended by a ftrong caftle ; but the
harbour is become ihallow, which has
hurt its trade. It is 55 miles nw of
Otranto, and 150 x by s of Naples.
Lon. 17 aq E, lat. 40 35 N.
Targay a town of the kingdom of
Fez, on the Mediterranean, with a
caltle on a rock, ^o miles se of Tangier.
Tttriffa, a fortified feaport of Spain,
in Andalufta, with a caftle; feated on
an cmhience, on the ftrait of Gibraltar,
<ti miles SE of Cadiz. Lon. 5 36 w,
lat. 36 5 N.
Tarijat or St. BernarJo de Tarijut a
town of Tucumun, capital of the jurif.
diction of Tarija, which abounds in paf«
tures that feed a vaft number of cattle
and iheep. It ftands near the fource of
the Tarija, which flows into the Ver-
mejo, 196 miles nme of St. Salvador de
Jujui. Lon. 64 50 w, lat. 21 40 s.
Tarkuy the capital of the province of
Dagtftan, felted on the w coaft of the
Calpian fea, 52niilcs iiSE of Terki,and
300 NNE of Tauris. Lon. 47 5 e, lat.
45 50 N.
Tarmny a town of Peru, capital of a
jurifditition, which has many mines of
filver, and feeds abundance of cattle.
It is t :o miles n k of Lim.!.
Tartly a department of France, in-
cluding part of the late province of
Languedoc. It takes its name from a
river, which rifes in the department of
Lozhere, and flows by Mithoud, Alby,
Guillac, Montauban, and Moifl'ac into
the Garonne. Caftres is the capital.
Tarnoivitz, a town of Sileiia, m tlie
lordfliip of Beuthen, with a valuable
iron mine. It ftands near the frontiers
of Poland, 38 miles ese of Oppelen.
T«ro, a town of Italy, in the duchy of
Parma, on the river Taro, 28 miles sw
of Parma.
TarporUjt a town in Chefliirc, with a
market on Tuefday, and a mnnufadlure
of fto^kings, &c. 11 miles ese of Chefter,
and 178 NW of London.
Tarragona, a city of Spain, in Car
talonia, and an archbifliop's fee, with a
univerlity. It was very powerful in the
time of the Romans, and has many
noble monuments of antiquity. It is
furrounded by walls built by the Moors,
.ind has a few baftions in bad repair.
It is not fo populous as formerly ; for
thougH there is room for 9000 houfes
within the walls, there is not above 50©,
\ybich ar ; all buiit with large fquarc
f
river Tar, '5^
Lon. 77 sS
F Naples, iit
archbifliop's
cninfula, and
lie ; but the
V, which baa
miles Nw of
s of Naples.
•
kingdom of
«:an, with a
E of Tangier,
ort of Spain,
le; fcated on
of Gibraltar,
,on. 5 36 w,
} de Tarija, %
I of the jurif.
Dund» in paf>
ber of cattlp
the fource of
ntothe Ver.
. Salvador de
21 40 s.
e province of
f coaft of the
>f Terki, and
. 47 5 K, lat,
|« capital of a
tny mines of
:e of cattle,
France, in-
province of
amefrom a
rtment of
Olid, Alby,
oiflac into
capital.
eiia, hi the
a valiKible
e frontiers
ppelen.
L* duchy of
8 miles sw
Lire, with a.
lanufaiflure
ofChtfter,
lin, in Car
fee, with a
[rful in the
as m.nny
ity. It is
'le Moors,
id repair,
lerly ; for
JO noufes
bovc joo,
;e fquarc
T A S
flonei. The cathedral is worthy tt
notice for its vaft dimenfions, the ele*
gance of its Gothic architeAure, and a
magnificent chapel built with rich
marble and jafper. The ordinary ex-
Grts are wine and brandy ; but its
rbour is dangerous, and not much
frequented. The city is fcated on a
hill, at the mouth of the Francoli, in
the Mediterranean, 57 miles wsw of
Barcelona, and 260 e by n of Madrid.
Lon. I t6 B, lat. 41 10 n.
Tarref^a^ a town of Spain, in Cata-
lonia, fttuate on a hill, on the river
Cervera, 33 miles N by w of Tarragona.
Tarsus. See Ttrasso-
Tartary^ a country of Afia, which,
taken in its iitmoft limits, reaches from
the eaftern ocean to the Cnfpian fea,
at.d from Corci, China, Tibet, Hin-
doollan, and Perfia, to Ruflia and Sibe-
ria. It lies between 55 and i.:)j e Ion-
and between 35 and 55 k Ut. being
3^00 miles in length and 960 in breadth ;
but in the narrowest part not above j.^o
broad. It may be confidered under
two grand divifions; namely Eaftern
and Weftern Tartary. The greateft
part of the former either belongs to the
cinperor of China, is tributary to him,
or is under his protection ; and is di-
vided into three provinces, Tcitcicar,
Kirin, and Leao-tong. A confiderable
part of Weftern Tartary has been con.
quered by the Ruffians ; and that part
Qf it B from the mountains of Imaus, or
Belur, to the Cafpian fea, is called In-
dependent Tartary, which has for many
ages been attached to Perfia. Thefe
vaft countries include all the central
part of Afia, and are inhabited by Tar-
tars of diiftfrent denominations and dif-
ferent manners. For various particu-
lars concerning them, fee the anicles
Abkhas, Circaffia, Crimea, C'ofTackH,
Georgia, Imeritia, Kalmucs, Kifti, Lef-
guis, Mandfhurs, MingreRa, Mongols,
Ofli, Somovedes, Turcomans, and Uf-
Itecs.
Tartas, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Landes. The Midoufe
runs through it ; and on one fide of this
river it rifes in the form of an amphi-
theatre ; the other is feated on a plain.
It is u miles ne of Dnx.
Tarudant, the principal town of the
kingdom of Sus, and the refidcncc of a
governor, or fome Ihcriff related to the
emperor of Morocco. It is 1 20 miles
l^w of Morocco. Lon. 8 35 w, lat.
T$r<wis, a town of Germany, in Ca-
fjpthia, 38 miles wsw of Clagenfurt.
, fattocorUf a tpwn of the iOe of
T A V
Pilma, one of the Canaries^ ' It lies v
of St. Cruz, and being expufed to wef>
terly winds is little frequented, but by
boats. Lon. 17 58 w, lat. z% 38 w.
TassasuJen, the capital of Bootan, «
feudatory country of 'flbet. The caftle,
or palace, is an extenfive quadrangular
building of ftone, with accommodation
for the ruja, or lama, all the officers of
ftate, a very numerous eftablilbment of
Gylongs, and a temple of the great idol
Mahumoonie. It is feated on the T«e-
hintchieu, in a well<ultivated valley*
furrounded by mountains, 280 miles
ssw of LalTa. Lon. 89 40 E, lat 2/
49N-
Tatslngt an illand of Denmark, be-
tween Funen and Langeland, feparated
from the former by a (Iniit. It is 18
miles in circui*" and has a town of the
fame name. Lon. 10 47 e, lat. ss 7 "f*-
Tattm, a city of Hindoofian, capital
of the province ofSindy. It is fcated
on a branch of the river Sinde or Indus,
called the Richtel River. In the 17th
century it was very extenfive and po-
pulous, poiTefltng manutadures of filk*
wool, and cotton ; and it was cele'
brated for its cabinet ware. Little of
thofe now remain, and the limits
of the city are very circumfcribed.
On thefhores of the Indus, above the
delta, confiderable quantities of falt-
petre are made ; and within the hilly
traft, which commences witWn three
miles oil the nw of Tatta, are mines of
iron and fait. The Indus, and its branch-
es, admit of an uninterrupted naviga-
tion from Tatta to Moultan, Lahore,
and Callimere, for velTds of near 20&
tons ; and a very extenfive trade was
carried on between thofe places, in the
time of Aurung/ebe ; but at prefent
very little of this trade remains, owir.j ■
to a bad government in Sindy, and to a
hoftilc difpofition of the Seiks, the pre-
fent poffelTors of Moultan and Lahore.
Tatta is 280 miles wnw of Amedabad,
and 390 ssw of Moultan. Loo- 67 37
E, lat. 2450 N.
Tattuh, a town on the common fron-
tiers of Morocco, Darah, and Tafilet,
and in the route from Morocco to Tom-
budtou. It is 170 mile- s by e of Mo-
rocco. Lon. 6 15 w, lat. 28 25 n.
Tattenhall, a town in Lincolnfliire,
with a market on Friday. It has the
remains of a c^ftie, and (lands on the
Bane, rear its conflux with the Witham,
22 miles SE of Lincoln, and X25 n of'
London.
Tavastland, a province of Sweden,
in the middle of Finland, 150 miles long
and 1 99 broad. The » part is moun*
TA U
tuinousand «;oody, but tbegrtntcr part
conriCta f4 fertile plaint, watered by>
feuatjraua rivers and lakes. Notwith-
ftnndiog the goodncfs of the foil» in
tvbich. it is fcarcely furpaflfed by any
piiuvince in Sw«den, it is far from being
well cultivated ; and the peafants are
jrunerally poor. The chief traffic is in
corn, Hax, hemp, dried fi(h, cattle,
leather, tallow, and lim«.
.T^-vattus, ot Tavasthorgi a town of
Sweden, capital of the province of
Xavaltland, with a flrong caftle. It is
f*.*ated on a river which flows into the
lake Wana, no miles kne of Abo.
Lon. S5 lo E, lat. 6i 12 n.
■ Tawbel, a town of Poland, in Po-
merelia, featfd on the Verd, 30 miles
Nw of Culm, and e,$ sw of Marienburg.
■ Taverna, a town of Naples, in Ca-
labria Ulleriore, ftatttl on the Coraca,
JO miles kne mNicaftro.
Taviray or Tavilot a fcaport of Por-
tugal, capital of Algarva, with a caftle,
and one of the bcft harbours in tlie
kingdom, defendetl by two forts. It is
ft;aied in a fertile coun^iry, at the mouth
of the Gilaon, in the. gulf of Cadi/., 96
miles NW'of.C.adiz, and-j.:{6 sv. of Lif*
bpn. Lon. 7 ;^6 w, lat. 37 8 n.
Tavistockt a borough in Devonfliire,
wih a market on Saturday. Here was
formerly a ftately abbey, and ibme of
its remains are now formed into tene-
iqentSk In its vicinity was born the
famous fir Francis Drake. It has a
manufadure of ferges, and is feated on
the river Tavy, 33 miles w by s of Exe-
ter and 207 of London.
Taumacoy a town of European Tur-
key, in th« province of Janna, <8 miles
Nw of Zeiton.
, Taumago, a fertile idand in the Pa-
cific ocean, 24 miles in circuit, difcovcr-
ed by Quiros in 1606. Lon. 176 45 w,
lat. 13 o s.
. Tauntony a town of MaflachufetR,
chief of Brill ol county, fcattd on Taun-
ton river, which is navigable hence for
fmall veflels to Narraganfet bay. Hero
are various manufudlurcs of iron ; and
alfo a manufadtnre of ochre into pig-
ments of a dark yellow Colour. It is 3 6
mites s of Bolton.
Taunton, a borough in Sttmerfetflwre,
governed by a mayor, with a market on
Wedncfday and Saturd.ny. It is fituate
in an cxtenfive and fertile valley, called
Taunton Dean, on the river Tone,
which is navigable hence to the Parrot.
It has a large manuf»Aiue of filk> and
a confiderable one of woollen goods,
Aich as forges, duroys, druggets, &c.
U b^iij^ncc a il long caftle, n«w in-rmns;
T A V
and it ft w«li.built place^ with Tpaamm
flr«ct8 and two churches. The numbo;
of inhabitants in rfior was 5794. The
fpring affiaes are held here. Ta«tnton
was the fcene of many bloody ev^cu-^
tions, in the reign of Jamea >-i, after the
,defeut of the duke of Monmouth, at
Sedfemoor near this town. It is 31
miles NB of Exeter, and 141 w by s'of
London. Lon. 3 17 w, hit. ,i;o 59 n.
Taveijf, a feaport on the w coalt of
Siam, wrefted from- the Siamei'e by the
Biriuansb It is 150 miles wnw of Siam.
Lon. 98 20 B, lat. 14 45 N.
Taureau, an ide of France, in the de-
partment of Finilterre, at the month of
the river Morlaix, with a fort to defend
the port, of Morlaix.
Tattrida- See Crimea*
'J'aiiris, or Tahris, a city of'Perfia,
capital of Aderbeitziin, andiormeriy tlie
capital, of Perfia. it is of an irregular
figure, and has neither walls nor for-
tifications. The river Spingtcha flows
through it, and the Agi pafles on the n
fide of the city. Here are many mag-
nificent ftruiiturcs. The bazars, from
their largenefs, the beautiful domes
with which they are covered, and the
merchandife with which they are filled,
make as fine an appearance as any in
Afia. There are 300 caravanfaries,
which are fo fpacious that 300 perfons
may lodge in each ; and the mofqufs
and baths are equal to the grandeur uf
the other buildings. Tauris has a pro-
digious trade in cotton, cloth, filks,
gold and tilver brocades, fine turbans,
and ihagrcen leather. . In 1724, it was
terribly Ihaken by an earthquake, and
nearly ico,ooo peifons perilhed. Soon
after this calamity the Turks laid fiege
to it, and they were drove away with
great lofs ; but they took it the next'
year .ifter a bloody conteft, in which
the. Perfians lolt 30,000 men, and the
Turks 2o,ooo. It is leated in a fertile;
plain, at the foot of a mountain, 95
miles SE of N.ikfivan, and 320 nw of
Ifpahan. Lon. 48 o e, lat. 38 2S n.
2'aufttj, or Kuron, a chain of monni
tains in Afia, which begins near the'
ftinres of the Archipelago and extends'
600 miles to the river Euphrates. The
Taurian chain was fwmerly confidered
as extending to the fources of the Gan-
ges, rind the extremities of Afia. fo far
as difcovered by the ancients ; but va-
rious parts of it were knbwn by different'
names.
Tatis, a town of Bohemia, in the cir-
cle of Pilfen, 31 miles ssw of Pilfen
Tavy, a river in Devonfliire, which'
rifss in> Dartnwor, {|4>w« hy Taviftgck,
Sc
9a4 eater* tht liamotv 9C Kanoaae>
above ^lyin^mk.
^{Hwi 4. civcr i« Qevoafhir^ vyhich
ri(ie» in l^^moor, ^owq by v'....0kigh
an4 B9^rii9;ipl«i and joint the Tqwrndg^^
H tU rooilth in tbe. Briftol channel.
TiWfi^t A "v^ qf Wale$> in Glan^ofv
fanlhire* w)iich flo^i parallel to the
iiitll^h V*^ enters th^ Qriftol cbanqcl,
a,t $w4n(€;y ba;.
7^1 » nvtnr of Scotland, which rifct
orn tbe \v bordura of Perthfltirc, fhvffi
througb Loch, T^iy to iUunkeld, P«rtb(
and Newbiurg, below which to the (i^a.
(above %o nf\ilcs) it may be deemed a
coc^tiRtji/:4 harbour, ancJ is caliud the
Grith of Tay, having Fifeihiro on one
fide, and the counties of P^itlh aud An-
gus on tlie qthcr.
T<if^ Iiofft, a lake of Scotland* in
Perthfliir^. iS n»'lt-s '«"g» nnd in mc't
parts abpve one broad, foriutd by feve-
ral ftreams and the river^ lay, which
flurws tluPHgh it8 whole length. The
b^tnl;* ar<' finely wood«d ; and near the
N- c](tremity i&a fmall ''.uttcd ifland, on
which are the ruins of a priory.
Tazoivskaia. Jiee Obskfdti. '
fihang-ichat a city of China, capital
of the s pirt of Uou-quang, It is fe,nt-
i;d on the river Heng, which has a.cum<.
niunication with an.e;ctentive lake, call-
ed Tongiipg-hou, 740 nwlc* s by, w, of
Peking. Lon. iis 25 £, Ut. a8 11 s.
Tchanf^Uftcou, a city of China, of the
fitrft ranic, in Fo-kiei». It has a conii-
derabJe trade with JinuMiy, Pong-hou,
and )/ormofa«; and is 950 miles s of Pe-
king. Lon. 117 3.<; k, lat. 24 3^ x.
TcJbansr-te, a city of China, of the
ftrit rank, in Ho^nan. It is remarkable
for a fifli. like a crocodile^ the fat of
which is of I'uch.a fingular nature, that
when once kindled it cannot be extin-
guiOied. Near it is a mountain, fo ftcep
and inaccdiible, that in time o war it
affords a fafe afylum to the inhabitants.
It is zsS iniifs S8\v of Peking. Lon.
Ill 1; E, lat, 29 a K.
Tehtt9^ing, a city of China, of the
firft rank, in Qu^'^gtong, fcatecl on the
river Si, 70 miles w of Canton.
Tchao-tcheovt a city of China, of thft
firft rank, in Qiian-tong, feated on the
Rci-kiang, 86 milea k of Canton.
Tche-kiangt a province of China, one
of the mod conliderable in extent,
riches, and population. It is bounded
on the N and w by Kiang-nan, sw by
liiang'fi, s by Fo'kiea, and k by the
bcean. In chis province, whole plains
are covered with dwarf mulberry trees,
purpofcly checked in their growth ; and
pcudigiaus.qjuoHtki. of lUkworais ace.
T e H
bred. The principal branch of triidc
confii^s in lilk ftufl's; and thole in which
gold and fliver arc intermixed are thr
moft b«a,utiful in ^^i"'*' I'he tallow
tree grows here, and a fpucies of mu<h*
room^ which are tranfporttHl <vt nil th*:
provinces df thc'smpiri: j And here alfo
afe found the fmall goldrfilh with which
ponds art! commonly ttockcd. In 1 chc-
kiang arc re}:kt>ne^ 1 x cities of the firlt
rank, 7% of the third, and 1 8-fQrtrelI«s»
which in £uKope would be deemed lar^'C
cities. Uang-tcheou i». the capital.
Tthernlgof, a go?e.rnment of Kuffia,
formerly w part of the Ukraine. It* ca-
pita), of the fame name, h feated on lite
Defne, 3 4j; miles ssw of Mofcow.. Lixw.
66 4^ t, lat. St 24 N'.
Tckeiniy a town of Afi.itic Turkey,
qa t|u5 w coaft of Natolia,\vit*; a cita-
del. It Hands almoft oppolit*? SilLo, at
the heud of a fpacions road, which \a Yi-
mous f(n' the doftru(ftion of the Turkilh
fleet, by the Kullians, in 1 770. It is 4S
miles w of SmyrA* Lon. 26 :6 E, lat.
3« 26 N.
. Tching-h'tangt a city of China, of the
firft rank, in So-tcheun, 910 miles aw oS^
Peking. Lon. 104 26 e, lat. 27 itt.M,
Tthing'kiang-, a ftrong city of China*
of the <^r(t rank, in Kiang-nan, and the
key of the empin? tov/ard the fca. . Its ■
iituation and trade,, and the be<iuty of
its walls, give it a preeminence over the
other cities of the proviucc. It is feat-
ed on the s -fide of the Kian-ku, 470.
miles sse of Peking. Lon, 11855 e,
lat. 32 14 N.
Tchhtg-kiangt a city of China, of the
firft rank, in the province of Yun-aaa»
36 miles s by E of Yun-nan. Lon. io»
40 E, lat. 24 44 V.
'fylnn^'tclti'OUt a city of China, of the!
firft rank, in Hou-qiiang, feated on .in
angle formed by two rivers. Under it
aae fire cities of the third clafs, in which
a kind of plain earthen Ware" is prepar-
ed, which the Chiiiefe prefer to the moft
elegant porcelain. It is 765 miles ssw
of Peking. Lon. 109 40 K, Lit. a8 23 n.
Tc/ihigting, a city of China, of the.
firft r;iuk, in Pc-tche-li, 136 miles ssw
of Peking:. . Lon. 114 xi,k, lat. 38 9-N.
Telling toil, a city of China; capital of
Se>tcheuen. It was formerly the rcfid-
ence of the emperors, and. one of the
largeft aud moft beautiful cities. in the
empire; but in 1646, it was almoft en-
tirely deftroycd. during. Ihe civil war.s
that preceded the laft invalion of ihn
Tartars. Its temples, .and the .ruins oi'
itncient palaces, are. c^edls of admira-
tion to.ftrangers. It vi &io.miles sw. ol
Peking. Lon. loj 44 k, Int. ;o 4a .*J.
TEC
: TehiH-ngan. a city of China, of the
firft rank, in QuHng^n, raso miles ssW
of Peking. Ix>n. ro6 o e, lat. 23 at N.
Tchi-teheottt a city cf Chinai of the
firft rank, in Kiang-niii; feat ed' on a
river, 570 miles s oi Pfiking. Lon. 117
o B, la't. 3b 4^ N.
Tehi-yuertt a ciiy of China, of the firft
rank, iii Koei-tcheoii, 980 miles ssw of
Peking. Lon. toj 51 e, lat. 27 i n.
. Tehoka. See Sagkilien.
Tchong-kingt a city of China, of the
ilrft rank, iti Sc-lchiien. It is feated on.
amountain, riling in the form of an ?m-
phitheatre, at the conflux of the Kln-
cha with the Kian-ku, i$o miles sw of
Peking. Lon. 106 20 E, lat. 29 4s n.
Tc/iou-iioiig, a city of China, of the
firft rank, in the province of Yun-nan,
75 miles w of Yun-nan, Lon. 10 » 20
£, lat. 25 6 N.
• Tchudskoi. See Pelpus.
Tcbukotskit the moft eaftern part of
Siberia, in the provinceof Okotflc. The
attention of the tiatnres is cOniincd
chiefly to their deer, with which the
country abounds. They are a well-
tnade, courageous, warlike race, and are
formidable neighbours to the Kpriacs,
viho often experience their depredations.
. Tchukotskolt a cape of Siberia, on the
eaftern extremity of Afia^ and the sw
limit of Beering ftrait. Lon. 1 72 30 w,
lat. S4 15 N.
Tc/iu-tc/teou, a city of China, of the
firft rank, in Tche-kiang, 790 miles sse
of Peking. Lon. izo 33 e, lat. 28 36 u.
Tcitcicar, the lar^eft of the three
provinces of Eaftern Tartary, bounded
on the N by Siberia, n e by the fea of
Okotik, RK by the province of Kirin,
and w by Weftern Tartary and Siberia.
It is a mountainous country, watered
by the river Saghalien, which receives
many others in its courfe.
Tdtcicar, a city of Eaftern Tartary,
capital of the province of the fame name,
aiid the refidence of a Mandftiur gene-
ral, it is a modern city, built by the
emperor of China, to fecure his fron-
tiers againft the incurfions of the Ruf-
fians. It is feated on the Nonni, 600
miles NNE of Peking. Lon. 123 50 e,
lat. 47 25 N.
Teiesta, or Tinja, a town of Algiers,
in the province of Conftafgina, with a
caflle, and feveral remains of anticjuity.
It is ft.-ited at the foot of a mountain, on
the bordi'rs of Tunis, 120 miles sr of
Conftantina. Lon. 8 5 e, lat. 3451 n.
Teceut, a town of the kingdom of Sus,
feated in a country abounding in grain,
daten, and fugar-canti, four mike e of
MelTa.
Teeilenhurgt a town of Weftphalia;
capital of a fertile county of the fame
name. Near it, on a mountain, is the
decayed caftle, formerly the refidence
of the ancient counts. It has manufac*
tures of linen cloth, and is a» miles n
by E of Munfter. Lon. 7 47 t, lat. 59
14 K.
Tecoantepee^ a feaport of Mexico, in
Guaxaca, with a fortified abbey, and
feveral handfome churches. It is feat-
ed on a large bay of the fame name, in
the Pacific ocean. Lon. 95 55 w, lat.
16 28 N.
Tecritt a town of Afiatic Turkey, in
the government of Moful, feated on a
rock, near the w fide Of the Tigre, 13©
miles s of Mofnl.
Tecuht, a town of Morocco, with an
old caftle, fcnted on the fideof amoun-
tain, at the mouth of a river of the fame
name, i jo miles w of Morocco. Lon.
945 w, lat. 3x5 H.
Teddington, a village in Middlefcx,
feated on the Thames, i z miles wsw of
London. The church is a perpetual
curacy, which was enjoyed 50 years by
the celebrated philofopher Dr. Stephtn
Hales, who died in 1761, and is interred
under the tower of the church, which
he ereAed at his own expence.
Tedelezt a town of Algiers, on the
coaft of the Mediterranean, with a caf-
tle, 45 miles E of Algiers.
Ti'dneit, a town of Morocco, in the
province of Hea. It was taken by the
Portuguefe in 1 5 1 7, but they were driven
away foon after. It is almoft furround-
ed by a river, 40 miles ke of Mogader.
Tedsit a town of the kingdom of Sus,
feated in a plain abounding in corn, 20
miles SE of Tarudant.
TeeSf a river which rifes on the con-
fines ofX^umberland, feparatesthe coun-
ties of Durham and York, and enters
the German ocean, below Stockton.
Testa, or To Sanpoo, a river which
rifes in Tibet, and croli es Bootan into
Bengal, where it divides i ito two ftreams
that 'low to the Ganges { one 26 miles
N, the other .93 ese, of Moorfliedabad.
Tefetsad, a town of Algiers, with
mines of iron in its neighbourhood, 33
miles sw of Algiers.
Tffflh, the capital of Gcorgj?., one of
the (even Cancafian nations. It it call-
ed by the inhabitants Thilis-Cabar
(warm town) frora tho warm baths in
its neighboarhocd. It contains 20,0011
inkihitants, of which more than half
are Armenjar s. The fireets feldbm ex-
ceed feven feet in breadth; and the
houfes are of ftone with flat roofs, which
ferve as walkii for the ^fonacn. Here it
F Weftphalia;
f of the fame
untain» is the
the refidence
has manufac-
is 3» miles n
f 47 B, lat. 5%
of Mexicoi in
(1 ahhejt and
8. It is feat-
Fame name, in
95 55 w, lat,
tic Turkey, in
l« feated on a
the Tigre, i^o
rocoo, with an
ide of a moiin-
i^er of the fame
orocco. Lon.
in Middlefex,
'. miles W8W of
is a perpetual
ed 50 years by
ir Dr. Stephen
and is interred
church, which
}ence.
Llgiers, on the
an, with a caf-
trocco, in the
taken by the
ey were driven
lOft furround-
of Mogadon
igdom of Sust
ig in corn, :o
ts on the con-
rates the conn-
rk, and enters
Stockton.
I a river which
:8 Bootan into
totwoftreams
I one 36 miles
loorfhedabad.
Llgiers, with
Ibourhood, 3 a
leorg)?., one of
IS. It is call-
Thilis-Cabar
[arm baths in
jntnins 20,000
}re than half
ts feldbm cx-
^th; and the
; roofs, which
icn. Here ii
T E I
a foundery for cannon, mortars, and
balls ; and a public fchool founded by
emperor Alexander. The moft flouriflj-
ii;g manufadlures are thofe of filks and
printed linens; but the chief trade is in
furs, fent to Turkey and the s of Perlia.
Iri 1743, it was taken by the Turks;
and in 1 734, retaken by Kouli Khan. It
is feated on the Kur, at the foot of a
hill, 300 miles ssw of Aftracan. Lon.
45 i i''i lat. 4% 20 N. ^1
Te/zay a ftrong town of MorocflWca-
pital of a province of the fame name,
feated on the iide of a mountain, 70
miles NNE of Morocco. Lon. 5 55 w,
lat. 32 ON.
' Je/zrOi a town of Algiers, in the pro-
vince of Mafcara, 55 miles ssw of Oran.
Tegaza, a town of Zahara, capital of
a tenitory of that name, remarkable for
mountains of fait. Lon. 6 30 w, lat. 21
40 N.
Tegerhy, a town of the kingdom of
Fezzan, 80 miles sw of iVionrzook.
Tegern, a town of Bavaria, with a ce-
lebrated abbey, feated on a lake, called
the Tegern See, 30 miles ssb of Mu-
nich.
Teglio, a town of Swiflerland, in the
Valtcline, fituate on a mountain, nine
miles sw of Tirano.
Teigii, a river in Devonfhire, compof-
ed of two branches, which rife in the e
part of Dartmoor, and, uniting, enter
the Englifh channel, at Teignmouth.
Teignmout/i, a feaport in Devonlhire,
with a market on .Saturday. At this
place the Danes firft l.inded, and com-
mitted feveral outrages. It was almoft
entirely dcllroycd by the French, who
fet fire to it in 1690- Since that period
the town has become of more confe-
qtience; and it is now a falhionabl'e
watering-place. It fends a number of
veiTels to the Newfoundlanil tiflieiy,
and has a conliderable trade in carrying
fine clay to the potteries in Staffordihire,
whence are brought coal, fait, earthen
ware, &c. It is feated at the mouth of
the Teign, 15 miles s of Exeter, and
187 w by 8 of London. Lon. 3 29 w,
lat. 50 32 N.
Teinitz, a town of Bohemia, in the
circle of Pilfen, with a caftle and con-
vent, feated on thfe Radbuza, 30 miles
wsw of Pilfen.
Teisendorf, a town of Bavaria, in the
duchy of Salzburg, 12 miles nw of Salz-
burg,
Teisse, or Tieis, a river of Hungary,
which riles in the Carpathian mountains,
(lows w to Tokay, and then s by Tfon-
grad, Segedin, and Titul, below which
't joins the Danube.
T E M
Teii/i. See Bender.
Telemone, a town of Italy, in Stato
delli Prefldii, with a fmall harbour, arid
a Itrong fort; feated at the mouth of
the OlTa, 10 miles N of Orbitello.
TeUie, a town of Naples, in Terra di
Lavoro, 18 miles enb of Capua.
Teigen, or Telga, a town of Sweden,
in Sudermania, on the lake Maeler, i a
miles sw of Stockholm.
Telget, a town of Weftphalia, in the
principality of M unfter. Here is a ce-
lebrated image of the Virgin, which is
vilited by a great number of pilgrims.
It is five miles ene of M unfter.
Teiles, a town of the kingdom of Fez,
with a fmall harbour, on the Mediterra-
nean, 100 miles ESK of Tetuan.
Tellichery, a town of Hindooftan, in
Malabar. It was long the chief fcttle-
mcnt of th . .nglifli on the coaft of Ma-
labar, but atter tht> Capture of Mahe, in
1793, the Company's commerce was re- '
moved thither ; yet ftill many rich na-
tives reiide here, and its trade is conli-
derable. It is feated at the mouth of a
river, 42 miles nnw of Calicut. Lon.
>jt, 38 E, lat. 1 1 48 N.
TeltorM, a town of Brandenburg, in
the Middle mark, 0:1 a lake of the fame
name, feven miles ssw of Berlin.
Tdtschy a. town of Moravia, on the
frontiers of Bohemia, at the fourceof
the Teya, 16 miles s of Iglau.
Temcndefust, a town of the kingdom
of Algiers, featud on the Mediterranean,
10 miles E of Algiers.
Temesvjar, a ftrong town of Hungary,
capital of a territory called the Bannat
of Temefwar. It ftands on the river
Bega, which forms a morafs round it;
and the fortrcfs requires a garrifon of
14,000 men. This place formerly pair-
ed ior impregnable ; but it was taken by
prince Eugene, in a dry I'eafon, in 1716.
It is 80 miles nxh of Belgrade, and 160
sE of Buda. Lon. 21 40 e, lat. 45 53 n.
Temusn, a town of the kingdom of
Fezzan. Here the caravans from Tem-
budoo, Bornou, &c. which travel by
way of Cairo to Mecca ufually provide
the (tores of corn, d.ites, dried me?.:,
and other necelTaries reqiiilite for their
dreary palFage. It is iso miles ENE of
Mour7A)ok.
Tempelborg, a town of Further Pome-
rania, on tht* s Iide of a lake and on the
frontier.") of Poland, 43 miles E ^y N of
Ni'w Stargard. ,."
Templhi, a town of Brandenburg, in
the Ucker mark, which has a great trade
in timber. It was totally confumed by
five in 173J, but has been rebuilt in a
beautiful manner. It ftands between
Xx
TEN
the Bodenfce and Dolgenfee, 18 miles
h w of Prcnzlo, and 4a n by K of Berlin.
Ttnasserimt a town of Siam, capital of
a province. It i» fituate on a river of
the fame natac, 4; miles su of Mt^rgui.
Lon. 98 50 w, lat. 1 1 35 n.
Tenbury, a town in Worccfterfhire»
with a market on Tuefday, feated on the
Tcmc, 15 miles w by n of Worccftcr,
and i.^_^ w\w of London.
Tenbi/, <( Icaport of Wales, in Pem-
brokefliiro, with a market on Wednef-
•l.iy and Saturday. Its caftle was demo-
iifli'd in till.' civil wars. The principal
tr.id'.' is in coal, and it is a place of fa-
niioiiahlc rcfoi t for bathing. Four miles
wsw, on the leacoaft, are the maflive
remains of Manorbcer caflle. Tenby is
I'catfd on a narrow rock prqjeifting into
the fea, lo miles e of Pembroke, and
2 j3 w of London. Lon. 4 40 w, lat.
Tench Island, an ifland in the Pacific
ocean, two miles in circumferenco, dif-
covered by lieutenant Ball in 1790. It
is low, hut entirely covered with trees,
many of which are the cocoa-nut. The
natives, obferved in their canoes, were
remarkably ftcnit men, quite naked, and
of a copptr colour <» iome with long
beards. Lon. 151 31 e, lat. i 39 s.
Tenda, a town of Piedmont, with a
fortified caftle on a rock. It ftands on
the Roia, at the influx of the Brogna, 28
miles NNE of Nice, and 65 s of Turin.
Tenday. See Samar.
Tcncdos, an ifland of the Archipelago,
on the coafl of Natolia, 14 miles s of the
ftrait of Gallipoli. It is 1 1 miles long
and feven broad, inhabited almoft whol-
ly by Greeks, and its mufcadine wine is
the belt in all the Levant. On the e
fide is the town, at the foot of a moun-
tain, with a harbour, defended by a caf-
tle. Lon. 26 o E, lat. 39 50 n.
Tenen, or Knirit a town of Dalmatia,
on the borders of Bofnia, and a bifhop's
fee. It has been fcveral times taken by
the Turks and Venetians, and is 48 miles
s of Bihacz. Lon. 16 30 e, lat. 44 5 n.
Tenerify one of the Canary iflands,
and the mofl confiderable of them for
riches, trade, and population. It lies
w of the Grand Canary, is 70 miles long
and 22 broad, and abounds in wine, dif-
ferent forts of fruits, cattle, and game.
One part of this ifl-and is furrounded by
inacceffiblc mountains, and one in parti-
cular, called the Pike of TenerifFe, is
12,1^8 feet above the level of the fea:„
and the diftance to the Peak from the
pert of Oratavia, at the bafe of the
mountain, is above n miles. This ifland
is fubjcft to earthquakts; and, in 1704,
TEN
one dcftroyed fcveral towns, and many
thoufand people. The laborious works
in this ifland arc chiefly performed by
oxen and mules, hurfes being fcarce, and
referved for the ufe of the oflHcers.
If.uvks and parrots are natives of the
ifland, as alfo fwallows, feagulls, part*
ridges, canarybirds, and blackbirds.
There are alfo lixards, locufls, and dra-
gonflics. St. Chridophc de Laguna is
the c|Dital, but the governor rehdes at
St. 4pz.
Tenerijfy a town of Terra Firma, in
the nrovi ce of St. Martha, feated on
the Madalena, 100 miles sswof St. Mar-
tha. Lon. 74 15 w, lat. 9 47 N.
Tenex, or Tenisy a town of Algiers, in
the province of Mafcara, capital of a
diflridt of its name, with a fort. The
chief export is corn ; but here is no
harbour, and the road is expofed to the
N and w winds. It is feated on a river,
four miles from the fea, and 85 wsw of
Algiers. Lon. i i.< e. l:.t. 36 26 n.
Te-ngant a city of China, of the firfl
rank, in Hou-quang, 550 miles s by w
of Peking. Lon. 113 21 E, lat. 31 son.
Tennessee, one of the United States
of America, fituate between the paral-
lels of c^s and 36^ degrees latitude;
bounded on the s by Georgia, w by the
MifTiflippi, N by Kentucky and Virgi-
ni.a, and e by the Iron and Bald moun-
tains, which feparate it from N Caroli-
na. It Is 400 miles in length and 104 in
breadth ; and divided into three diftridts,
Wafhington, Mero, and Hamilton,
which are fubdivided into 14 counties.
The principal rivers are the MifTifTippi,
Tennefree,Cumberland,andHolfton;and
it is waten^d by other rivers and creeks.
The Cumberland mountains, a lofty
ridge near 30 miles broad, cut this flate
into the caftern and wcftern divlfions,
which were originally known by the
names of the eftabliflimeuts of Holfton
and Cumberland ; but the latter is much
the largefl part. The rlimate, foil, aud
prtiduce of Tenneiree are nearly the
fame as the adjoining ftate of Rtntucky ;
but W TennefTee, or Cumberland, is
lef. falubrious, having a warmer and
more humid temperature. Knoxville is
the capital.
Te?inc5ie, a river of the United States,
formerly called the Cherokee river, and
the largefl of all thofe which flow into
the Ohio. Its commencement is form-
ed in the flate to which it gives name,
by the jundlion of the Clinch with the
Holflon, 35 miles below Knoxville. It
flows sw, on the e fide of Cumberland
mountains, into Georgia, where it makes
a circuit to 'the w, called the Grtat
M, and many
}oriou8 works
perfurmed by
ngfcarce,and .
the officer!,
latives of the
roaguUSf part*
d blackbirds.
:u(l8, and dra*
de Laguna is
nor rcftdes at
erra Firma, in
iha, feated on
iSWofSt.Mav-
9 47 N.
1 of Algiers, in
, capital of a
I a fort. The
ut here is no
expofed to the
ated on a river,
md 85 wsw of
.t. 36 a6 N.
lina, of the firft
) miles s by w
R, lat. 31 so N.
f United States
veen the par.il-
igrees latitude;
!orgia, w by the
icky and Virgi-
ind Bald moun-
firom N Carol!-
:ngth and 104 in
|o three diftridls,
nd Hamilton,
ito 14 countit'S.
the Miffiffippi,
,ndHolfton;and
ers and creeks.
Intains, a lofty
jd, cut this (late
ftern divifioiis,
known by the
luts of Holfton
le latter is much
imate, foil, aud
are learly the
e of Kentucky;
umberJand, is
a warmer and
Knoxville is
: United States,
okoe river, and
Ivhich flow into
bement is form-
fit gives name,
piinch with the
fKnoxville. U
Lf Cumberland
[where it mtkes
[led the GKat
T E R
Btnd ; It then reenters the Ante of Tcn-
neil'ee, which it pafTes quite through
into that of Kentucky, whore it enters
the Ohio, 50 miles above the conflux of
that river with the Miffiffippi. The
Tenneffi^is 600 yards broad at its mouth,
and thence navigable by veflcis of great
burden for 260 miles, to the Mufcle
Shoals, in the Great I>cud: here the
river widens to between two and three
miles, for nearly 30 miles; and thrte
flinals can only be paflfed in linall ooats:
hence it may be navigated, by boats of
40 tons burden, 400 miles further to its
commencement'
'J'efinii, a town of Egypt, fttuate on
an ifland in a lake of the fame name, a8
miles sE of Damietta.
Tensawj. See Mobile-
Tenttadt, a town of Upper Saxony,
in Tliuringia, 10 miles ne of Langen-
falza.
Ten-Ubeou, a vliy of Ciiina, of tl:c
firtt rank, in Chang-tong, with a good
port, and a flrong garril'on. It is feat-
ed on the N rule of a peninfula of the
Yellow fca, 350 miles se of Peking.
Lon. ISO 50 E, lat. 37 20 n.
Tenterden, a town in Kent, governed
by a mayor, with a market on Friday.
The fteeple of the church is very lofty,
and at the time of the Spanifh invafion,
in 1588, was made ufe of as a beacon.
It is 24 miles sw of Canterbury, and 56
E by s of London.
'lentugaU a town of Portugal, in Bei-
ni, eight miles wnw of Coimbra.
Teramo, a town of Naples, in A bruz-
7.0 Ulteriore, feated at the conflux of
Wie Viciola and Tordino, 35 miles ne of
Aquila.
Terassoy a feaport of Afiatic Turkey,
in Caramania, and an archbiftiop's fee.
It was formerly called Tarfus, was the
capita) of Cilicia, and is the birthplace
of St. Paul. It is feated on the Medi-
terranean, 100 miles w by N of Ale:(an-
dretta. L«it. 35 15 e, lat. 37 4 n.
Tercerot one of the Azores, of a cir-
cular form, about 55 miles in circumfe-
rence, and very fertile. It contains fo
veral towns and villages, with a number
of forts. Angra is the capital-
Terc/iiz, or Tershiz, a town of Perfia,
in the province of Chorafan, no miles
WNW of Herat. Lon. 57 25 e, lat. 35
Tdr^a, a town of Morocco, feated on
the Omirabi, 90 miles n of Morocco-
Tergoinstt or Terv'ts, a town of Eu-
ropean Turkey, in Walachia. Here is
a fine palace, belonging to the hoipodar,
or reigning prince ; but he chiefly XC'
iides^c Ddohorcft. It i» feated on the
T E R
Jalonltz, 35 miles nmw of Buchoreft.
Lon. 25 48 E, lat. 45 a8 n.
TrtgouW' See Goudm.
Terii, a town of Carcaffia, where a
prince rcfides dependent on Ruffisi this
being a frontier place againft Perfia. It
is feated on a river of the fame name*
near the Cafpiau fc-a, 180 miles s of Af«
tracan. Lon. 47 jo c, lat. 43 2» k.
Termed, a towh of Ufbec Tartary, ca-
pital of a didridl in Bokharia ; feated in
an angle formed by the union of two
rivers, i jo miles s of Sainarcand. Lon.
65 35 «» •a»*37 '5 N-
Terminit a town on the N coaft of Si-
cily, in Val di Mazara, with a ftrong
cattle. It is famous for its mineral wa-
ters, and has a fine aqueduA. It ftands
near the mouth of a river of the fame
name, ao miles se of P/ilermo.
Termoii, a town of Naples, in Capita-
nata, feated near the fea, 3 a miles sb of
Lanciano.
Ternate, the moft porthern and im-
portant ifland of the jlroper Moluccas,
though not above 25 miles in circumfe-
rence. It is mountainous, 2ind has a
great numWer of woods, wmch furnifk
much game; but it produces a great
quantity of cloves, and other fruits pro-
per to the climate. The chief quadru-
peds are goats, deer, and hogs; and the
birds are of diftinguifhed beauty, parti-
cularly the kingfifher, of a fcarlet and
mazareen blue. The Boa-ferpent is
fometimes found here, of the length of
thirty feet, and is reported fometimes to
fwallow even fmall deer. Ternate is
governed by a fultan, who alfo controls
Machian, Motir, and Mortay, with the
N part of Gilolo, and even fome Celebe-
zian ifles, and part of Papua, whence hs
receives a tribute of gold, amber> and
birds of paradife. In 1638 the Dutch
formed an alliance with the fultan of
Ternate and the lelfer princes, which
has been repeatedly renewed ; but gar-
rifons are eftablilhed to enforce the ob-
fervatice. This ifland lies a little to the
w of Gilolo. Lon. 126 38 e, lat. i 20 m.
Terneuse, a town and fort of the Ne-
therlands, in Flanders, on the w branch
of the Scheldt, called the Hondt. It
was taken by the French in 1794. It is
eight miles n of Sas van Ghent, and 25
WNW of Antwerp.
Terni, a town of Italy, in the duchy
of Spoleto, feated on the Nera, near the
influx of the Velino, which has a famous
cataratft a mile from the town. Ternj
is the birthplace of Tacitus the hifto-
rian- It is 1 5 miles ssw of Spdeto, and
46 N of Rome.
^rrtovaf a town of Eu^pesUi Tttfo
Xxa
#
T E R
kcft in Bulgaria, ami an archbiihop's
fee. It wati formerly the feat of the
princes of Bulgaria, und a ftrong place,
but the fortifications are ruined. It is
feated on a mountain, near the Jenera,
88 miles Nvv of Adriunople, and 97 nk
of Sofia. Lon. a6 a K| lat. 43 i n.
. Terno'vat a town of European Tur-
key, in Janna, and a biihop's fee, feated
on the Salcmpria, 10 miles wnw of La-
rifla.
Teroufne, a town of France, in the
depai;tmt'nt of Pas de Calais, feated un
the Liu, lix miles s of St. Omer.
Terra di Bart, Luvore, and Otranto ;
fee Hurt, isfc.
'JWra del Espiritu Santo, thr moft
weftcrn and largeft ifland of the New
Hebrides, in the Pacific ocean, being 40
leagues in circuit- The land is exceed-
ingly high and mountainous, and in
many places the hills rife din'dlly from
the (ea. Except the clifTs and beaches,
every part is covered with wood, or
luid out in plantations. Beflde the bay
of St. Philip and St. Jago. on the n fide
of it, the ifles which lie along the s and
E coaft fomn fcveral good bays and har-
bours. Lon. 167 K, lut. 155.
lerra Firma, a country of S Ameri-
ca, bounded on the n by the Caribbean
fea, NE by the Atlantic, sk by Guiana
and Amazonia, s by New Granuda, and
w by the Pacific ocean and the ifthmus
of Darien, which laft feparates it from
N America. Its length, from the At-
lantic to the Pacific ocean, is upward
of 1300 miles: its greateft breadth is
450; but, in fome places, toward the
Oronoko, not above 180. It is divided
,into the provinces of Terra Firma Pro-
per, or Darien, Carthagena, St. Martha,
Kio de la Hacha, Venezuela, Cumana,
and Paria, or New Andalufia. Th«
whole country is fubjed to the viceroy
of New Granada.
Terra del Fuego, a large ifland, ftpa-
rated from the fouthcrn extremity of
America by the llrait of Magellan, and lb
caJled from the volcanos obferved on it.
The fea interfefls it into ftveral illanilp,
all of them barren and mountainous;
but on the lower grounds are found ft-
veral forts of trees and plants, and a va-
riety of birds. The natives arc fliort in
nature, not exceeding five feet fix inches;
their heads large, their faces broad, their
cheek-bones proniin* nt, and their nofes
flat. They have little brown eyes,
without life ; their hair is black and lank,
.hanging about their heads in diforder,
and befmeared with trainoil. On the
chin they have a few llraggling Ihort
hairs inftead of a beard. They have no
T E S
other cloathini^ than a fmall piece of
feal-flcin, hangnig Arom their moulders
to the middle of the back, being fatten-
ed round the neck with a ftring. Their
natural colour feems to be an olive
brown, with a kind of glofs rcfembling
that of copper; but many of them dif-
guife themfelves with Itreaka of red
paint. They have no other arms than
Dows and arrows ; and their inftruments
for filliing ure a kind of filhgigs. They
live cliiefly on frals flefh, and like thi*
fat oily part moft. There is no appear-
ance of any fubordination among them ;
and their whole charatftcn is a ftrangc
compound of (lupidity, indifference, and
inactivity.
Terraeina, a decayed town of Italy,
in Campagna di Koma, with a cattle oti
a rock, ft was called Auxur, was the
capital of the Voici, and the cathedral
was originally a temple of Jupiter. It
is feated among orange and citron groves,
near the fea, on the frontiers of Naples,
54 miles S!>E of Rome. Lon. 13 15 e,
fat. 41 24 N.
Terranova, a feaport of Sicily, in Val
di Noto, feated near the mouth of a ri-
ver of the fume name, ao miles ese of
Alicau. Lon. 14 10 e, lat. 57 9 n.
Terranova, a feaport of Sardinia, feat-
ed at the bottom of a bay on the nk
coafi;, 62 miles ene of Saffari. Lon. 9
35 E, lat. 41 3 N.
Terrasjon, a town of France, in the
department of Dordogne, feated on the
Vcfere, 28 miles B of Perigueux.
Terridon, Loch, an inlet of the fea, oa
the w coafi of Scotland, in Rofsfhire,
between Gairloch and Applecrofs. It
has many creeks and bays.
Terriore, a ftrong (own and fortrefs
of Hindooflan, in the Curuatic, 25 miles
N of Tritchinopoly.
Teruel, a town uf Spain, in Arragon,
and a biihop's fee, with a citadel. It is
feated in a fertile plain, at the conflux
of the Guadalquiver and Alhambra, 75
miles sw of Sarayofih, and 1 1 2 e of Ma-
drid. Lon. I o w, lat. 40 25 n.
Tervere, or Veere, a fortified feaport
of Hulland, in Zealand, on the ne coaft
of the ifle of Walcheren. It has a good
harbour, and a fine arfenal, four miles n
by K of Aliddleburg, with which it com-
municates by a canal. Lon. 3 42 £, lat.
Tesclien, a town of Moravia, capital
of a circle of the fame name. It is fur-
rounded by a wall, and at a little dif-
tance is the old caftle, on an eminence,
where the ancient dukes rcfided. The
inhabitants carry on a trade in leather,
woollen fluffs, and wine j and make ex-
fmall piece of
their fhouldert
;kt being faflen-
a firing. Their
to be an olive
glofs rcfcmblinf(
\ny of them dif>
itreak> of red
other nrms than
heir inftruments
filhgigs. They
hi and like thn
ere is no appear-
on among them;
[ten is a (Irangc
indifference, and
1 town of Italy,
with a cattle on
Auxur, was the
)d the catdedral
! of Jiipiler. It
ind citron groves,
nticrs of Naples,
, Lon. 13 15 E,
t of Sicily, in Val
le mouth of a ri-
20 miles ESE of
;. lat. 37 9 N.
of Sardinia, feat-
It bay on the nk
Saffari. Lon. 9
f France, in the
e, fcated on the
'erigueux.
let of the Tea, or
d, in Rofsfhire,
Applecrofs. It
ya-
wn and fortrefs
urnatic, 25 miles
^ain, in Arragon.
a citadel. It is
at the conflux
Id Alhambra, 75
Mid 1 1 s E of Ma-
40 25 N.
fortified feaport
on the NE coaft
It has a good
hal, four miles n
]h which it com-
Lon. 3 42 E, lat.
Iloravia, capital
Tiame. It is fur-
at a little dif-
kn an eminence,
Is rofided. The
Irade in leather,
„ and make ex-
T ET
oellcnt (ire-arnnii. Thii town was taken
by the PrulTians in 1757, but reftored in
1763. In 1779, « treaty of peace was
concluded here between th<« emperor of
Germany and the king of PrufTia. It i*
feated In a morafs, near the river Elfa,
;6 miles esb of Troppau, and 60 e by n
of Olmutz. Lon. 18 32 R, lat. 49 43 n
Tejegdelt, a town of Mor'cco, feated
on a craggy rock, faid to be impregna-
ble, at the mouth of the Tcchubh, 140
miles WNw of Morocco.
Tejfioo Loomboo, the capital of Tibet,
or of that part which is immediately
fubjcft to the Telhoo lama, who is fo-
vereign of the country during the mi-
nority of the grand lama. Its temples
and maufoleums, with their numerous
gilded canopies and turrets, and the
palact.' of the lama, rend»*r it a magni-
ficent placTe. It ftands at the n end t)f
a plain, upon a rocky eminence, at the
tnlrancc of a narrow defile, through
which the river Painom-tchieii flows,
and foon joins the Burrampooter. It is
:io miles sw of LafTa, and 470 n by e
of Calcutta. Lon. 89 7 v., lat. 19 4 n.
Tesin, a new canton of Swincrlaiu!,
to the w of the canton of Griions, and
almoil encircled by Italy. It is rich in
pafturcs and cattle. Bellinzona is the
capital.
Tesino, or Tesin, a river which has its
fource in SwilTerland, on the s fide of St.
Gothard, flows through the canton of
Ttfm, and the lake Maggiore, then
pafles to Pavia, in the Milanele, and
a little after joins the Po.
Teiitto, a town of Germany, in the
county oFTyrol, 25 miles ene of Trtnt.
Ttssetf a town of Zahara, capital of a
(liftrid of the fame name. It i'. ,^50
miles ssw of Talilet. Lon. 5 45 w,'lat.
=5,54 N-
Tessin, a town of Lower Saxony, in
Mecklenburg, on the river Rakenitz, 12
miles se of Rodock.
Test, or Tese, a river in Hampfhirc,
which rifes near Whitchurch, flows by
Stockbridge and Rumfey, and enters
the head of the bay of Southampton, at
Redbridge.
Tetbury, a town in Glouceflerfhirc,
with a market on \yednt'(day, and a
trade in yarn and wool. It is 25 miles
HNiof Briftol, and 99 w of London.
Tetichen, or Tetxen, a town of Bohe-
mia, in the circle of Leitmeritz, with a
Mftle on a rock, on the river Elbe, 29
miles SB of Drefden.
Tettnang, a town of Suabia, in a
lordfhip of the fame name, eight miles
"of Lindau.
Tetuiin, a city of the kingdom of Fez,
TRW •
with a caftle. Th(; houfes have, only
littleholcs toward the flrvets, whioll are
very narrow ; and the windows arf on
the other fidr* facing a courtyard, which
is furrounded by galleries ; .tnd in the
middle is generally a fountain. The
boufes arc two ftories high, flat at the
top ; and the women vifit each other
from the tops of them. The fhops are
very fmall, and without any door; the
mafter fitting crofs-lejfged on a counter,
with the goods difpofed in drawers
round him, and all the cuftomers Itand
in the ftreet. The environs abound in
vineyards and gardens, and the fruits
here are bettvr nurtured than in any
other ./art of the (-mpire. This city waa
the reiidence for fevcral confuls, till the
vi-ar 1770, when the emperor would no
longer permit, them to n;main. It is
feated on thf river Cus, near the Medi-
terranean, 1 10 miles NNW of Fez. Lon.
5^3 w, lat 35 37 N.
'J'evfrone, a river of Italy, the ancient
Anio, which rifes in the Apennines, 50
miles above Tivoli, glides through a
plain till it comes near that town, when
It is ccHilnied for'a Hiort fpnce between
two hills, covert-d with groves. Thefe
were fuppofed to be the rct'idcnc*: of
tht.' libyl Albunea, to whom an elegant
temple here was d« <liiated. Tht river
moving with au^ni'.-fi ;i*d rapidity, as its
chiinnel "s cnniint'd,at lall uilliis over a
lofty precii' ■*■ ; and the noife of its falls
refounds Mirough the hilN and groves of
Tivoli. Having gaine.rihe plain, it foon
afterward receives the waters ot the lake
Solfatara, and then joins the Tiber, near
Rome. See Solfatara.
Teviot, a river oj^ Scotland, which
riles in the mountiiiis in the sw of Rox-
burj,'flure, and paflinp kh through the
county, jmites with the Tweed, a little
above Kelfo. The dale tlirough which
it flows t ikes in fo great a part of the
county, that the fhirc itfelf iu often called
Teviotdale.
Teupitx, a town of Brandenburg, in
the Middle mink, with a caltle in a lake,
25 miles s by E of Berlin.
Teuschintz, a town ;;nd caftle of Fran-
conia, in the principality of Bamberg, 17
miles N of Culmbach.
Tmsing, a town of Bohemia, in the
circle of Pilfen, 30 miles n w of Pilfeii.
Tetukesburyt a borough in Gloucef-
terfhire, with a market oh Wednefday
^"^d Saturday. Here are the remains of
a inonafliery, and its church now forms
one of the noblefl parifh churches in
the kingdom. It has manufadures of
nails, ftockings, and muflard, and acoa«
fiderable trade in malt. Here> in 1471
TH A
'EAvn^d jv gained a dccifivc viAory
eveiyiit Lancaftrians. Tewkcfbiiry is
feat<a on the Avon, near its union with
the beveni> lo miles of Gloucefter, and
^oi^ WNW of London.
Texelt an iflgnd of N Holland, fepa-
rated fronn the continent by a narrow
channel of the fame name, defended by
a ftreng fort on the mainland, called the
Helder. This channel is the beft and
xnoft foutbern entrance into the Zuider
2!<ee> and through it moft of the fhips
pafs that are bound to Amftcrdam. In
17991 the fort was taken by the Englifh .;
and the whole of the. Dutch fleet, lying
within the channel, furrendered to
them ; but the Englifli abandoned the
fort foon afterward. Lon. 4 59 e, lat.
S3 »o N.
Teyat a river of Germany, which rifes
near Teltfch, in Moravia, flows e, by
Znaim, on the borders of Auftria, and
enters the Moraw, on the confines of
Hungary.
Tet/n, a town of Bohemia, in the circle
of Bechin, featcd on the Muldau, 10
milesSEofPifeck.
Tezar, a town of the kingdom of
Fez, capital of the province of Cuzi.
Here is a mofque half a mile in circum-
ference. It is feated on a fmall river,
4S miles E of Fez. Lon. 4 15 w, lat.
33 40 N.
Tezcueo, a town of Mexico, onco the
capital of a rich kingdom. Here Cortez
caufed a canal to be dug, and bnilt 18
brigantines, to carry on the fiege of
Mexico. It is feated near the lake of
Mexico, 30 miles k of Mexico.
Tezela, a town of Algiers, in the pro-
vince of Mafcara, with a caftle, 15 miles
«w of Oran.
Tezout, ^town ofthe kingdom of Fez,
feated on the point of a rock, r^ miles
sof Mdiila.
T'ezzouu, a town of Algiers, in the
province of Conftantia. Its ruins ex-
tend lo miles in circumference, among
which are magnificent remains of city
gates, an amphitheatre, a temple de-
dicated to Efculapius, and other elegant
rtru<flures. It is po miles ssw of Con-
ftantia.
Thaineet a town of the kingdom of
Tunis, near the month of a river of tlie
fame name, 120 miles s of Tunis. Lon.
10 I.? F., lat. 34 50 s.
Thame, or Tamr, a river which rifi's
near Tring, in Ilertfordfhire, croiT'cs
Buckinghamfhire to the n of Ailcfbury,
enters Oxfcrdfhire at the town of
Thame, whence it is navij^able for barges
to Dorchffter, where it joins the
Thames. This river has bet'u crni-
T H A
neoufly fuppofcd to give name to the
Thames- ■
T/iame, a town in Oxfordihire, with
a market on Tueftlay, feated on the river
Thame, i a mijies e of Oxford, and 44 w
by N of London.
Thames^ the fineft river in Great Bri-
tain, which takes its rife from a copious
fpring, called Thames Head, two miles
sw of Cirencefter, in Gloucellerlhirc.
It has bceu errpneoufly faid that its
name is Ills, till it arrives at Dorcheftcr,
15 miles below Oxford, when, -biin).;
joined by the Thame or Tame, it at-
fumesthe nameof Thames. Whatwas
the origin of this vulgar error, cannot
now be traced : poetical tidion, how-
ever, has perpetuated this error, and in-
veftcd it with a kind of clallical lanttity.
But Camden fays, that the river w,i?
always called Thames or Tems, before
it qame near the Thame : and in fcveral
ancient charters granted to the abbey of
Malmelbury, as well as that of EnftiMm,
and in the old deeds relating to Crick-
lade, it is never confidered under any
other nnine than that of Thames. All
the hiltorians, who mention the incur-
lions of Ethelwold, and of Cannte, into
Wiltfhire, concur likewife in the fame
opinion, by declaring, that they paflld
over the Thames at Cricklade in Wilf.-
fhire. About a mile below the fomve
of the river, it is not more than nine kti
wide in the fummer, yet, in the v.int.r,
becomes fuch a torrent, as to overflow
the meadows for many mile-s. The
ftream proceeds to Cricklade, where it
receives many other rivulets, wiiich
caufes it to widen conliderably in its
way to Lechlade ; and being there
joined by the Coin and Lech, at the
diltance of 1,38 miles from London, it
becomes navigable forveirels of 90 tons.
At Oxford (in whole academic groves
its poetical name of Ifis has been io
often involved) it is joined by the Char-
veil, and proceeding by Abingdon to
llorchcfter, it receives the Thanii'-
Palling by Wallingford to Reading, ami
forming a boundary to Berklhire, Buck-
inghamlhire, Surry, and Middltfcx, it
waters Henley, Marlow, Maidenlirad,
Windfor, Staines, Chertfey, Kinglhu:,
and Brentford, in its courfe to London;
during which it receives the Kenntt,
Loddon, Coin, Wcy, Mole, Bi cut, and
Wandle. From London the river pro-
ceeds to Greenwich, Woolwich, Grays-
Thurrock, Gravefend, and Leigh, into
the German ocean, in which courfe it
parts EfTex from Kent, and receives the
Lea, Roding, Darent, and Medway.
The tide flows up the Thames as high
give name to the
and bcinsf there
T H A
as Kingfton, which, following the wind-
ing of the river, is 70 miles from the
ocean ; a greater diftance than the tide
is carried by any other river in Europe.
Though the Thames is faid to be na-
vigable 138 miles nbove London Bridge,
there are fo many flats, that, in fummer,
the navigation wetlvvaid would be (lop-
ped, were it not for a number of locks ;
but the firft lock is 5a miles above that
bridge. The plan of new cuts has
been adopted, in fome places, to ihorten
the navigation ; there is one near Lech-
lade, and another a mile from Abing-
don. A ftill more important under-
taking was efFefted in 1789 ; the junc-
tion of this river with the Severn. A
canal had been made, from the Severn
to Stroud ; which canal is now con-
tinued to Lechlade, where it joins the
Thames ; a diftance of above 30 miles.
A communication between this river
and the Trent and Merfey has likevvife
beeneffetSed, by a canal from Oxford to
Coventry ; and another canal extends
from this, at Btaunfton, to the Thames
at Brentfoi'd, called the Grand Junction
Canal.
Ihames, a river of Connedicut,
formed of two principal branches, the
Shelucker and the Norwich, or Little
River, which have their jundion at
Norwich. From this place the Thames
is navigable 15 miles to Long Ifland
found, which it enters below New
London.
Tliamsbruck, a town of Upper Sax-
ony, in Thuringia, on the rjver Unftrut,
three miles n of Langenfalza.
Thanety an ifland compriling the e
angle of Kent, being feparated from the
mainland by the two branches of the
Stour. It produces much corn, and
the s part is a rich tra(5t of marfh land.
It contains the towns of Margate and
Ramfgatc, and feveral villages.
Tlianhauserti a town of Suabia, on
the river AJindel, 14 miles N of Mindel-
heim. ^
Thajos, an ifland of the Archipelago,
on the coaft of Macedonia, at the en-
trance of the gulf of Contefl'a. It is 13
miles long and eight broad, and abounds
in all the neceflaries of life. The fruits
and wine are very delicate ; and there
; are mines of gold and filver, bclide
' quarries of fine marble. The chief
town, of the fame name, has a harbour
f'rc(iuented by merchants. Lon. 94 3 a
>■, lat. 40 59 N.
Thaxied, a town in Eflex, with a
market on Friday. It has a large and
luautiful church, and is feated near the
fuurce 4)f the Cbelmer, jo miles n by w
T H I
of Chelmsford, and .44 nne of Xon-
don.
Theaki, an ifland in the M^iterra-
nean fea, 24 miles long and feven broad,
fe|iarated fr«m the n e part 6f .t^t of
Cefalonia by a narrow channel. It is
the ancient Ithaca, celebrated as th«
birthplace and kingdom of Ulylfes. Jt
forms part of the republic of Sevcm
Iflands, and the chief town is Valthi,
which has a fpacious harbour. Lou.
30 40 E, lat. 38 a.5 N.
Thebaid, a country of Upper Egypt,
now called Said. It is the leafl fextilci,
and the thinneil of people of any pro-
vince in Egypt, being lull of deferts ;
but celebrated for the retreat of a great
number ofChriftlans, who lived here in »
folitary manner. It is now inhabited by
Arabs, who are robbers by profefllon.
Thebesy the ancient name of a city of
Upper Egypt. It was celebrated for
having 100 gates; and there are many
tombs and magnificent remains of an-
tiquity. Three villages, named Carnack,
Luxor, and Gournou, are feiited among
its ruins, which are hence called the
antiquities of Carnack and Luxor.
'Ihebei, in Turkey. See Thi'va.
Themary a town of Fraaconia, in the
county of Hennebcrg, near the river
Werra, 10 miles se of Meinungen.
Tliengen, a town of Suabia, capital of
a princely county of the fame name, in
the landgravate of Nellenburg. It is
fituate on the Hegau, eight miles n of
SchafFhaufen.
Theodosia. See Cajfa.
T/iermia, an iiland of the Archipe-
lago, s of the ifland of Zia, and near
the gulf of Engia, i» miles long and
five broad. The foil is good and well
cultivated, and it has a great deal of
lilk. The principal town, of the fame
name, is the refidence of a Greek bifliop.
Lon. 24 59 e, lat. 37 31 .v.
Tbessaly. See Janna-
Ihetfordy a borough in Norfolk, go-
verned by a mayor, with a market on
Saturday. It is C-ated on the Little
Oufe, which here divides Sufliilk from
Norfolk, and is navigable from" Lynn.
It has three parifh-churches, one of
which is on the Norfolk fide of the
river, and a confidcrable manufa<51ure of
vvoolloi cloth and paper. 'I'he fpring af-
lizes for the county are held here. It is 30,
miles sse of Lynn, and Ho ne of Lon-
don. Lon. o 50 E, lat. ^j 28 N.
Theux, a village of the Netherlands,
in the territory of Liege, three miles
Nw of Spa, where the French obtained
a viiflory over the Auftrians, in 1794.
Thicl, or 'XitU a ftyong tciwn \A
</'
T H O
Holland, in Gelderland, taken by the
French in 1794. It is feated on the
Waal, 18 miles w of Nimeguen.
Thielt, a town of the Netherlands, in
Flanders, 10 miles n of Courtray.
Thienxen, a town of Suabia, on the
river Wuttach, 13 miles w of SchafF-
haufen.
Thiers^ a town of France, in the de-
partment of Piiy de Dome, with ma-
nufaAures of paper, thread, and cut-
lery. It is feated on the (idc of a hill,
»i miles E by N of Clermont.
ThionvUle, a ftrong town of France,
in the department of Mofelle. The
Auftrians bombarded it in 1792, but
were obliged to raife the fiege. It is
feated on the Mofelle, over which is a
bridge defended by a horn work, 14
miles N of Metz, and 33 sw of Treves.
Thirtmere See I'lathes-iuater-
Thirsk, a borough in N Yorkfhire,
with a market on Monday, and manu-
faftures of coarfe linens. Tacking, 5cc.
The church was ere(51td out of the
ruins of its ftrong caftle, deftrpyed by
Henry 11. It is 24 miles nw of York,
and 220 N by w of London.
Tbiva, or Thebes, a city of European
Turkey, in Livadia, and a biihop's fee.
It is four miles in circumference, but fo
full of ruins, that there are not above
4000 Turks and Chrillians in it. Only
that part of it is now inhabited which
was originally thecaftle, called Cadmaea,
from Cudmiis, the founder. It is fa-
mous for a fine fort of white clay, of
which bowls for pipes are made, that
dry naturally and become as hard as
lione. Here are two mofques, and fe-
veral -Greek churches. It is feated be-
tween tvvo rivers, a8 miles Nvv of
Athens.
Thiviers, a town of ^I'nce, in the
department of Dordogne, 18 miles nne
of Perigueux.
Thomas, St. an ifland in the Atlantic,
lying under the equator, near the w
roaft of Guinea, diicovercd in 1640 by
the Portuguefe, to whom it belongs. It
is almoft round, about xo miles in dia-
meter; and confifts chieliy of hills, in-
termixed with valleys, which are often
filled with a thick fog. The foil is
fertile, and produces plenty of fngar-
canes, rice, and millet. On the fame
vine are blolToms and green and ripe
grapes, all the year round. The cli-
mate is unwholefome to the Portuguefe,
and few live to a great age; but it
agrees well with the original natives,
and alfo with the cattle, which are
larger ftnd finer here than on the coaft
of GtliiKa. In 16411 this ifland w^s
T H O
taken by the Dutch ; but they foon
relinquifhed it through the inclemency
of the climate. Pavoafan is the capital.
Thomas St. one of the Virgin iflands,
in the W Indies, with a harbour, a town,
and a fort. It is 15 miles in circum-^
ference, and the trade is confiderable,
particularly in times of peace. It be-
longs to the Danes, but they furrendered
it to the Engliftiin 1807. Lon. 65 a6 w,
lat. 18 2a N.
Thomas, St a t«wn of Hindooftan,
in the Carnatic, formerly a powerful
city. It is inhabited by weavers and
diers, and noted for making the beft
coloured fluffs in India. It is three
noih's s of Madras.
Thomas, St. a town of Terra Firma,
in Ctimana. In r6i8, it was taken and
burnt by lir Walter Ralegh. It is feat-
ed on the Oroonotfo, 190 miles se of
(umana. Lon. 63 30 w, lat. 7 46 v.
7'homastoiun, a borough of Ireland,
in the county of Kilkenny, on the river
Noire, 10 miles sse of Kilkenny.
Thomasto'wn, a town of the diftrift
of Maine, in Lincoln county, which has
a great trade in lime. !t flands en the
w fide of Penobfcot bay, 30 miles E by
N of Wifcaflet.
Thonon, a town of Savoy, with a
palace, and feveral convents ; feated on
the lake of Geneva, at the influx of the
river Drama, 13 miles sw of Laufanne,
and 16 NE of Geneva.
Thorn, a city of W Pruflia, formerly
a hanfeatic town. In the church of St.
John is the epitaph of the celebrated
Nicholas Copernicus, who was bom
here. It is divided into the old and
new town, and has a celebrated pro-
tf^ftant academy. In 1703 it was taken
by the Swedes, who demoliflied the
fortifications. Between 1708 and 1710
it was vifited by the plague. In 1724
a great tumult happened here, between
the Roman catholics and proteflants, on
account of the ftudents of the jefiiits ;
upon which the Poles fent judgts to
try the magiflrates for not furpprefling
the riot, who condemned the prefidcnt
and nine citizens to be beheade*!. In
1793, the king of PruflTia forcibly took
polfeflion of this town, and annexed it
to his dominions. It is (tated on the
Viftula, over which is a long wooden
bridge, 67 miles s of Dantzic, and 105
Nw of Warfaw. Lon. 18 4s e, lat. 53
6 N.
Thorn, a town in W Yorkfliire, with
a market on Wednefday, fituate in a
mai-fhy foil, near the river Don, 10 miles
NE of Doncafter, and 165 n by w of
London.
ThX
fhire,|
marki
of Gil
Thl
fix ml
it wal
of the
Thot
the El
Sufie}!
at thel
sw of I
Tho\
Dumf
coarfe I
near tj
DamfJ
Thol
T H U
Thornburift a town in Gloucefter-
ihire, governed by a mayor, with a
market on Saturday. It is 24 milen sw
of Gloucefter> and 12a w of London
Thomeyy a village in Cambridgcfhire,
fix miles ne of Peterborough. Near
it was a mitred abbey, and the nave
of the abbey-church is dill remaining.
Thorfiey, a fmall ifland in a bay of
the Engliih channel, near the coaft of
Suflex, with a village of the fame name,
at the mouth of the Lavant, feven miles
sw of Chichefter.
T'hornbill, a town of Scotland, in
Dumfriesfliire, with manufadtures of
coarfe linen and woollen cloth, fituate
near the river Nith, 15 miles nnw of
Dumfries.
Thouart, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Two Sevres. The caftle
of its ancient dukes is on a rock, fur-
rounded by walls 120 feet high, built of
white ftone. It is feated on a hill, by
the river Thoue, 32 miles se of An-
gers, and 162 sw of Paris.
Thrapston, a town in Northampton-
fhire, with a market on Thurfday,
feated on the Nen, 20 miles sw of
Peterborough, and 7^ nnw of Loudon.
Three lltlls Island, one of tiie New
Hebrides, in the S Pacific ocean, 12
miles in circumference, lying to the s
of Maficollo.
Three Hivers, or Trois Tlivieres, a
town of Lower Canada, fituate on a
river of the fame name, which, before its
junflion with the St. Lawrence, is di-
vided by two iflands into three branches.
It has a church, a convent, and an hof-
pital. Nine miles up the river is a con-
liderable iron foundery. It is 70 miles
wsw of Quebec.
Thuin, a town of the Netherlands, in
the territory of I..iege, feated on the
Sambre, eight miles sw of Charleroy,
and 15 SE of Mons.
Thule. See Vula.
Thun, a town of Swiflerland, capital
of a builiwic, in the canton of Bern, with
a caftle. It is feated on a lake of the
fame name, 14 miles long and three
broad, where the river Aar iflues fronj
it, 15 miles <6 by e of Bern.
Thur, a river of Swifitrland, which
rifes in the s part of the county of Tog-
genburg, and flows into the Rhine,
feven miles ssw of Schaffhaulen.
T/jttrj^au, a new canton of Swiflerland,
which lies along the river Thur ; bound-
ed on the s by the canton of St. Gall,
w by that of Zurich, and n and E by
the lake and territory of Conftance. It
is extremely populous, and the mod
pkafant and ft;rti!e part of Swilferland*
TIB
though fomewhat mountainous toward
the frfuth. One third of thefhhabitants
are catholics, and the other two-thirds
are Calvinifts. Frauenfeld ie the ca-
pital.
Thuringia, a province of Germany,
in the circle of Upper baxony ; bounded
on the K by Mifnia, s by Franconia, w
by Hefle and Eichfeld, and n by the
duchy of Brunfwick and the principality
of Anhalt. It is 73 miles in length, and
nearly as much in breadth, abounding
in corn, fruits, and wood. It belongs
to the duke of Saxony and feveral pettfti^^
fovereigns. Erfurt and Langenfalza are^''
tne chief towns.
Thurso, a borough of Scotland, in
Caithnefsfhire, at the mouth of the river
Thurfo, on the sw fide of a fpacious
bay. It has a confiderible trade in
corn and fifli, and manufadtures of
woollen and linen cloth. It is 28 miles
Nw of Wick, and 56 nne of Dornoch,
Lon. 3 18 vv, lat. 58 30 n.
Tiagar, a town ofllindooftan, in the
Carnatic, 5o,miles wsw of Pondichcrry,
and y^ s of Arcot.
Tiano, a town of Naples, in Terra di
Lavoro, with a famous nunmry, and a
mineral fpring, 15 miles nw of Capua.
Tiber, a river of Italy, which rifes in
the Apennines, in theFlqrentino, flows
through the Ecclcfiaftical State by
Borgo, St. Sepnichro, Citta-di Caf-
tella, Orto, and Rome, 10 miles below'
which it enters the Meditei ranean fea,
between Odia and Porto.
Tibet, a country of Afia, bounded on
the NW and n by the Defert of Kobi, in
Tartary, e by China, s by Aflam and
Birmah, and sw and w by Hindooftan
and Bootan. This country is one of
the higheft in Af.a ; it being a part 0/
that elevated traft which gives rife not
only to the rivers of India and China,
but alio to thofe of Siberia and Tartary.
Its length from e to w cannot be lefs
than 1400 miles ; its breadth about 500,
but is very unequal. It is divided into
three parts. Upper, Middle, and Lower
Tibet. The Upper lies toward the
fources of the Ganges and Binram-
pooter; the iMiddle is that in which
Lalfa, the capital, is feated ; and the
Lower, that which borders on China.
Liitle Tibet Is fituate between Upper
Tibet and Cafti{.'ur. But major Ren-
iiell, who confiders the geography of
the whole country as very obfcure, is
uncertain whether Little Tibet is fubjedt
to Lalfa or not. Notwithftanding the
very rough and fterile ftate of Tibet,
and the feverity of its climatfi, from its
wonderful elevation, its inhabitaits are
TIB
in a high .ftate of civilization; their
houfes lofty and built of ftone ; and the
tifeful inaniifa(Jl«res in fome degree of
improvement. The principal exports are
gold-duft* diamonds, pearls, lamb ikins*
ihawls, woollen cloths, rock fait, mufk,
and tincal or crude borax. The nature
of the foil prohibits the progrefs of agri-
culture ; but wheat, peas, and barley
are cultivated. Here are many beads
of prey, and great abundance and va-
riety of wild fowl and game ; with nu»
mei'ous flocks of (heep and goats, and
P^rds of cattle, of a diminutive (ize, as
vcell as fmall horfes. The Tibetians are
governed by the grand lama, who is
not only fubmitted to, and adored by
them, but is alfo the great oitjcdt of
adoration for the various tribes of pagan
Tartars, who walk through thevaft tradt
irf continent which ftretches from the
river Volga to Coroa. He is not only the
fovereign pontiff, the vicegerent of the
ddty on earth, but by the more remote
Tartars is abfolutely regarded as the
deity himfelf. Even, the emperor of
China, who is of ?. Tartar race, docs
not fail to acknowledge the lama, in
his religions! capacity, although, as a
temporal fovereign, the lama himfelf
is tributaiy to that emperor. The opi-
nion of the nioft orthodox Tibetians is,
that when the grand lama fecms to die,
^ther of old age or infirmity, his foul,
in reality, only quits a crazy habitation,
to look for another younger or better ;
and it is difcovered again in the body
of fome child, by certain tokens known
only to the lamas or priefts, in which
order he always appears. In 1774, the
grand lama was an infant, who had been
difcovered fome time before by the
Tefhoo lama, who, in authority and
fanftity of character, is next to the grand
lama, nnd, during his minority, ads as
chief. The lamas, who form the greateft
and rooft powerful body in the ftate,
have the prieithood entirely in their
hands. At the head of their hierarchy
are three lamas : *he Dalai lama, who
refines at I aifa ; the Tefhoo lama, who
lives at Teftioo Loomboo; and the
"J aran i* lama, whofe feat is Kharca, in
the north. The priefts conltitute many
monaftic orders, which are held in great
veneration among them. The moft
num*;rous fedt are called Gylongs, who
ar« exempt from labour, enjoined tem-
perance, and intv.!fl<fted all intercourfe
with the feniale fcx : they abound over
all Tibet iud Bootan, notwithftanding
the feverity of difcipline ; lince every
family coni' 'lint; of more than four boys
is obligtd ta contribute one of them to
TIC
this order; and it is alfo encouraged by
ambition, as the officers of Itate are
ufually fetedcd from this feift. Befide
the religions influence and authority of
the grand lama, he is polTeflTed of un-
limited power throughout his domi-
nions. His refidence is at a vnft palace
on the mountain Putala, feven miles
from Lafla. In 1774, the E India,
Company made a treaty with the grand
lama. The religion of Tibet, though,
in many refpeds, it differs from that of
the Indian bramins, yet. In others, has
a great aSinity to it. The pradice (if
polyandry is univerfally prevalent in
Tibet ; and one female alfociates with
all the brothers of a family, without any
reftridion of age or number: the choice
of .a wife is the privilege of the elder
brother. This extraordinary cuftom«
and the celibacy of the priefts, may
have been intended to guard againft too
numerous a population in an unfertile
cotmtry. The Tibetians prefervc entire
the mortal remains of their fovereign
lamas only, every other corpfe is either
confumed by fire or expofed to be tht;
promifcuous food of beafts and birds of
prey. They have a great veneration
for the cow, and highly refped the
waters of the Ganges, the fource of
which they believe to be in heaven.
The <unniafres, or Indian pilgrims,
often vifit Tibet as a holy place ; and
the grand lama always maintaiti'i a body
of near 300 of them in his pay. See
Palie.
Tiburon, a cape at the mofl weftern
extremity of the ifland of St. Domingo,
with a town and fort, on an open road,
oppofite Port Antonio in Jamaica. It
was taken by the Englilh and French
royalifts in 1794, but retaken by the
republic-ins the next year. Lou. 74 31
w, lat. 1 3 2$ N.
tickelyy a town of Hindooftan, in the
circar of Cicacole, 30 miles ne of Ci-
cacole, and 70 sw of Ganjam.
Titkhill, a town in W Yorkfhire,
with a market on Friday. It had a
caftle and fortifications, deniolifhed in
the civil wars, of which fome ruins
remain. It is five miles s of.Doncafter,
and i,i;4 n by w of London.
'J'icon(lero((a, ;i fort of the ftate- of
Is'ew York, built by the French in 1756,
on the jiarrow pafta^e between the
lakes George and Champlain. It was
taken in 1759 by general Amiurft, and
in 1777 by general Burgoyne, but eva-
cuated foon at't(:'r the convention of
Saratoga. It had all the advantages
that art or nature could give it ; but is
now a heap of ruins, and formi an ap«
Crd
casJ
m'M
clov
rod
L
It is 1 4 miles s of
Derbyfliire, on
Peak, with a
Here is a well
T 1
pendage to a farm.
Crown Point.
TiJejivell, a town in
the s confines of the
market on Wednefday
that ebbs and flows two or three times
in an hour after great rains ; the water
£ufl)ing from feveral cavities at once,
for the fpace of five minutes : the well
is three f<ict deep and broad, and the
water rifes and falls two feet. It is
dt'emed one of the wonders of the Peak.
Tidefwell is aa miles nw of Derby, and
1 60 NNw of London.
Tidore, an ifland, one of the Moluc-
cas, 16 miles s of Ternate. It is 20
miles in circumference, and produces
cloves and flax. The woods, and the
rocks that furround it, render it a place
o;" defence. It is governed by a fultan,
who pofleCTes alfo the s part of Gilolo,
and claims tribute from Myt'ol. Lon.
126 40 £, lat. I o N.
Tiel. SeeT/iieJ.
Tien-sing, a city of China, in Pe-tche-
1i, which has a great trade in fait. It is
feated on the Pei-ho (at the influx of
the Eu-ho) 90 miles from its mouth,
and 90 SE of Peking.
Tiess. See Teisse.
Tigre, a province in the NEpart of
Abyiiinia, aoo miles long and lao broad,
through which pafles all the merchan-
diie of the kingdom, deftined to crofs
the Red fea for Arabia. Auzep is the
capital.
Tigrisy a river of Turkey in Afia,
which has its fource in the mountain of
Tchilder, in Diarbek. It flows by Diar-
bekir, Gezira, Moful, and Tecrit, in
which courfe it feparates Diarbek from
Curdiftan ; then enters Irac Arabi,
where it pafles by Bagdad and Corna,
and foon after joins the Euphrates, 35
miles above Ballbra.
Tilbury, East, a village in Effcx, near
the mouth of the Thames, e of Tilbury
Fort. In this parilh is a field, culled
Cave Field, in which is a hori-
zontal paflage to one of the fpacious
caverns in the neighbouring parilh of
Chad\vell. Dr. Derham meafured three
of the molt conliderable of them, and
found the depth of one to be 50, another
70, and the third 80 feet. '1 heir origin
is too remqle for inveftigation.
Tilbury, West, a village in Eflex, to
the N of Tilbury Fort. In 630, jt was
the seaof bJlhopC' '-la, or bt Chad,
who converted the Eaft Saxons. When
the Spanifli armada was in the Englilh
channel, in 158U, queen Elil'abeth had
9, camp here, and fome traces of it are
TIM
vifible- In 1727. a medicinjil fprinj was
difcQvercd near this villagelr
Tilbury Fot, a fortrefs in El (Tex,
fituate on tlie Thames, oppofite Gri ivef-
end. It has a double moat, the io.ncr-
moft of which is itio feet broad ; and
its chief ftrength 011 the land fide cou-
fifts in its being able to Iny the M hole
level under water. On the fide nexjt
the river is a Itrong curtain, with a
platform before it ; on both which , and
the baftions, arc planted a great number
of guns. It is zb miles k by s of Lon-
don. '- <■
Tilliers, a town of France, in thie de-
partment of Eure, fix miles Nli of
Verneuil, and 1 2 w of Drcux.
Tilsit, -a town of Pr^iflia, in thr Li-
thuanian department, with a callle. It
hasaconfiderable trade in corn, linefeed,
butter, cheefe, and other provifionn. In
1757, it was taktm by the Rufiians, but,
foon abandoned. In 1807, it was Uakea
by the French ; foon after which twe
treaties of peace were made, between
France and Pruflia. and France and
Rufiiu, the three fovereigns being here
in perfon. It is fituate on the M emel,
50 miles NE of Konigfberg, and 95
ssw of Mittau. Lon. aa 8 e, lat. 55
,8 N.
Timana, a town of Terra Fiitna, in
Popayan, capital of a territory of the
fiime name, which abounds in fruits and
paftures. It is feated on a river, 130
miles ESE of Popayan. Lon. 7j 55 w,
lat. I 35 N.
Timerycotta, a town and forl.refs of
Hindooltan, in the Carnatic, chiuf place
in the diftrid of Palnaud. It is yz miles
SE of Ilydrabad, and 8a w by s of
Condapilly. Lon. 79 i6 e, lat. 16
20 N.
Timon, or Timoan, an ifland on the
E coaft of the peninl»la of Malaya, 30
miles in circumference. It is moun-
tainous and woody, and produces
plenty of cocoa-nuts and rice. Lon
104 aj E, lat. 3 o N.
Timor, an illand in the Indian ocean,
to the w of the nw point of Ne\T
Holland. It 200 miles lonfj and 60
broad, and abounds in fandal-wood,
wax, and honey. The Dutch have a
fort here, from which they ej:pclkd the
Portugueie, in 16 13. It is fituate i't
Ciipan, the principal town, un the sw
point of the ifland. Lon. U'.4 o e, lat.
10 23 s.
Tim^rlaut, an ifland ii-> the Indian
ocean, betwcenTimor and New Guinea.
It is 60 miles in circumference, and the
» point is in lon. 131 54 e, L-at. 8 15 s.
T I N
Tiua, a town of European Turkey,
in iEir>fniii, <fk the river Tis* 37 miles
Nw 1 Spalatro.
Tivevelly, or Palameettaf a town of
HIndooftan, capital of the province of
Tineielly, at the s extremity of the
Carnatic. It is featcd on a river, which
flows into the gulf of Manara. 85 miles
Ksw of Madura. Lon. 77 46 b, lat. 8
42 H-
Tirrix-trbeou, a cify of China, of the
firft rtauk, in Fo-kien> 980 mil*-s s of
Pekinj'. Lon. 116 30 e, lat. a? 48 n.
Tim'an, an idand in the Pacific ocean,
one ojf the Ladrones, 1 2 miles long and
fix broad. The foil is dry, and lome-
what fandy. Here are many cattle,
abundance of fowls, and plenty of wild
hops. It affords abundance of cocoa-
nuts, paupaus, puavas, limes, four oran-
ges, and bread-fruit ; alfo much cotton
and indigo. There are no ftr^'ams ;
and the water of a well, fuppofed to be
the fame at which co'imodore Anfon
filled his caflcs in J742, was found by
commodore Byron, in 1765, to be
brackiih and fu"! of worms. Both
thefe officers experienced that the fiTi
caught here Were unwholclbme. The
principal inconvenience arifts from the
niimbw of mnfkitos, and other kinds of
flies ; and there are likewife many ve-
nomoui) infedts, centipedes, and fcor-
pions. The road is danptrous, for the
bottom confifls of hard land and large
coral nicks. Lon. 146 o R, lat. 15 o n.
Tino, the ancient Tenos, an ifland of
the Archipelago, to the s of Andros,
from which it is fcparated by a channel
of a mile in width. It is 15 miles long
and eight broad, and is fubjed to the
Turks. This illand produces 16,000
pounds of filk every year, and the
ftockiiigs made of it are very good ;
but nothing can equal the gloves which
are knit here for the ladies- The for-
trefs ftands on a rock ; and here is a
btfliop's fee of the L.\tin church, though
the Greeks have aoo papas or priefts.
The capital is of the fame name. Lon.
25 TO K, lat. 37 40 N.
" Tintaj^el, a village in Cornwall, one
mile w of Boflinty. It is noted for the
Iplendid remains (,f a caftle, on a bold
promontory in the Briftol channel, faid
to have been the birthplace of king
Arthur, and the feat of the ancient
dukes of Cornwall.
T'mtern, 3 village in Monmouthihire,
on the river Wye, five miles n by e of
Chepftow. It has a manufacture of
iron wire, alio the venerable remains of
an abbey, which is a beautiful fpecimen
ttf Gothic architedure.
T I R
Tinto, a river of Spain, which rifes in
the province of Seville, and has its
name from the water being tinged of a
yellow colour. Near its fpringi it has
a petrifying quality, no fifh will live in
it, nor any plants grow on its banks ;
thefe properties continue till other
rivuleta enter and alter its nature; for
when it pafTes by N'cliia it is not dif-
ferent from other rivers, and iS miles
below it enters the bay of Cadiz, at
Huelva.
Thizeda, a town of Barbary, in the
county of Darah, on the river Dras.
Lon. 6 13 w, lat. 27 30 n.
Tiorn, an illand on the w coaft of
Sweden, 25 miles in circumference, and
abounding in excellent pailures. Lon.
11 29 K, lat. 58 o N.
'Ji/fia, or I'ipra, a country of Hin-
dooflan, in Bengal, o» the borders of
Birmah. The chief town is Comillah.
Tt/>/>crary, a county of Ireland, in the
province of Munfter, 60 miles long and
40 bro;id ; bounded on the N by Kings
county, E by Queens county and Kil-
kenny, s by Waterford, and w by
Oalway, Clare, Limerick, and Cork.
't is divided into 147 ijarifhes, contains
about 170,000 inhabitants, and fends
fonr membere to parliament. The s
part is fertile ; but the N is rather
barn^n, and terminates in a row of
twelve mouiitains, the highefl in Ire-
land, called Phelem-dhe-Madina. The
river Sure runs through it from N to s.
CaOvel is the capital.
T'lpfteranj, a town of Ireland, in the
county of the (ame tiame, niue miles
wsw of Cidhel.
Tipsa. See Tehesta.
Tirana, a town of SwifTerland, ca-
pital of a diflrid in the ValteUrie. It
contains feveralhandfome buildings but
from the narrownefs of the llreets, aud
many ruinous houfes, its general ap-
pearance is defolate. There are fome
remains of its walls and fortrefs, built
by Ludovico Sforza, as a defence againft
the Grifons, who deftroyed them when
they acquired pofTeflion of the Valte-
line. Its ftaple commerce confifts in
tlie exoortation of wine and filk. Near
the town is the magnificent church of
the Madona, much viiited by catholic
pilgrims. The maflacre of the pro-
teftants of the Valleline, in 1620, began
inthi8 4:own. It is feated on the Adda,
12 miles sw of fiormio. Lon. 9 58 e,
lat. 46 20 N.
Tireh, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in
Natolia, fituate on the Meinder, 32
miles ssK of Smyrna.
Tirei/f an ifland of Scotland, one of
TIT
the Hebrides, lying to the w of Mull.
It is :6 miles long and three bruad.
The furface in geiieral is even, and <t is
noted for its marble quarry, and a hand-
fome breed of litl'.e horfes.
Tirlemont, a town of the Netherlands,
in Brubant, formerly one of the mod
conliderable cities in that duchy, but
ruined by the wars, and by a great fire
in 1 70 1. Near this place the Auftrians
were defeated in 1793 by the French,
who the year following were routed by
the former. It is feated on the river
Geet, 10 miles ese of Louvain.
Tirnau, a town of Hungary, in the
country uf Neitra, feated on the Tirna,
26 miles N E of Prelburg.
Tischcureid, a town of the palatinate
of Bavaria, feated on a lake. 10 miles s
of Kgra.
Titan, or Cabaros, an ifland of Frince,
the largeft and mofl caftt'iii of the
Hieres, in the Mediterranean,
Titert, the middle or fouthirn pro-
vince of the kingdom of Al^ii'rs, in
which is a lake of the fame natnr, form-
ed by the river Shellif, near its fource.
This province is the fmalkit and leaft
important. Toward the n it is moun-
tainous and narrow, and to the s it ex-
tends far into the flcfert. The Anwall
mountains oa the river Ifl'er rife to a
great height ; but to the s e are fome
of the highefl in the whole kingdom,
called Jurjura and Felizia. The latter
are a rocky ridge, extending about zo
miles, and in molt places inacceflible.
Here dwell the Cabyls, an independent
tribe, who have never been fubdiied by
the Algerines. The principal town of
this province is Helida.
Titicaca, or Chucuito, a lake of Peru,
in the audience of Churcas. It is of an
oval figure, with an inclination from
NW to SE, and 240 miles in circumfe-
rence. Many ftieains tnter into it, but
its waters are fo muddy and naufeous
as not to be drank. One of the moft
fplendid temples in the empire was
erefled on an ifland in this lake, by the
incas.
Tiuhjield, a village in Hampfliire,
feated on the river Aire, three miles w
of Fareham. It had formerly aii abbey;
and on its fite are the remains of a
maniion, where Charli-s 1 was conceal-
ed, in his flight from Hampton Court,
in 1647.
'I'ltitiberg, one of the highcft moun-
tains in Swiflerland, in the canton -of
Uri, II miles ssw of Altotfl^.
TiticheUiy iseiVt a town of Moravia,
in the circle of Prerau, well built and
TLA
defended by walls, %8 miles e by n of
Prerau.
TittnuiHWX* a town of Bavaria, in tiie
duchy of Salzburg, feated on the Sah;a,
zo miles NMw of Sal/^burgh. »
Titult a town of Hungary, feated 011
the Teiil'e, near its conflux with the
Danube, aj miles kse of Peter wardein,
and 24 NNW of Belgrade.
Tiverton, a borough in Devonfhire,
governed by a mayor, with a market on
Tuefday. It has long been noted for
its woollen manufatilures, particularly
kerfeys. Here are two churches, and
a freefchool (founded by a clothier of
the town) which has an endowment for
the maintenance of four fcholars at Baliol
college, Oxford, and four at Sidney
Suflex college, Cambridge. Near the
old church are the remains of a caftle,
part of which is cor./erted into the
offices of a farm. Tiverton has fuffered
very feverely by fire, the laft time in
1 73 1. The number of inhabitants in
1801 was 6505. It is feated on the
river Ex, 14 miles nne of Ereter, and
161 w by s of London. Lon. 3 3M w,
lat. 50 54 N.
Tiumen, A town of Siberia, in ihc
province of ToboHk, on the river Tura,
at the influx of the Pifchma, 170 miles-
swof ToboWk.
'J'ivoii, a town of Italy, in Campagna
di Roma, and a bifiiop's fee. Though
now poor, it boafts of greater antiquity
than Rome, being the ancient Tibur,
which was founded by a Grecian co-
lony. It was the favourite country
relidence of the ancient Romans, as
Frefcati is of the moderns. The ca-
thedral is built on the ruins of a temple
of Hercules. In the market-place are
two images of oriental granite, repre-
fenting the Egyptian deity Ifis. The
adjacent country yields excellent oil-
Near Tivoli are the ruins of the mag-
nificent villa built by emperor Adrian,
a cekbrated caicivdc, a temple of Vefta
and another of the fybil Albunea, a
fiimons villa called the Villa Eftemc,
and the remarkable lake of Solfatara.
Tivoli is feated on an eminence, on the
river Tcverone, 15 miles ene of Rome.
'J'izzano, a town of Italy, in the
duchy of Parma, i-^ miles s of Parma.
'/VrtJffl/aja province of Mexico ;bound-
ed on the n by Panuco, e by the gulf
of Mexico, s by Guaxaca and the Pa-
cific ocean, and w by Mexico Proper.
On the w lide there is a chain of moun-
tains for the fpace of 55 miles, well
cultivated; ;>.nd on the ;- is a great ridge
of mountair.i-, the neighbourhood of
T O B
which expofes it to violent lempefts
ami frequent inundations. Yet this is
allowed to be the mod populous eoun*
tr-f in all America ; and it produces fo
noiuch maize, that hence it hrd the
name of Tlaicala, the Land of Bread.
I'uebia de los Angelos is the capital.
T/ascala, a town of Mexico, formerly
the capital of the province of the fame
name; feated on a river, 15 miles n by
K of Puebla de los Angelos.
Tlemsatt. See Tremesan.
Tobafroy the moft fouthern of the
iflands in the W Indies, and the moft
caftern except Barbados. U is 3 a
miles long and 10 broad ; and near its
UE extremity is Little Tobago, an ifland
two miles long and one broad. The
climate is not fo hot as might be expeft-
ed from its fit nation fo near the equator;
nor is it vifited by fuch dreadful hurri-
canes as frequently dcfolate the other
iflands. It is diverfified with hills and
vak'S, and is equal in richnefs of produce
to any iflands in thefc feas. In 1748, it
was declared a neutral ifland, but in
1763, was ceded to the Englifh. It
was taken by the French in 178 1, and
confirmed toithem in 178,3 ; but it was
taken by the Englifli in 1793, reftored
in 1802, and again taken in 1803. The
principal place is Scarborough.
Tobermory, a town of Scotland, in
the ifland of Mull, with a good harbour,
and a cuftomhoufe ; feated on a fine
bay, near the nw end of the found of
Mull. Lon. 5 58 w, lat. 56 46 n.
TohoUh a government of the Ruffian
empire, which comprehends the grcateft
part of Weftern Siberia. It is divided
into the two provinces of Tobolfk and
Tomlk.
Tobolsk, a city of Siberia, capital of
the government of Tobolfk (formerly
of all Siberia) and an archbifhop's fee.
It is feated on the Irtyfh, oppolite the
influx of the Tobol, and divided into
the upper and lower town. The upper
town, which is properly the city,
IhindvS on a hill, on the k .fide of the
fort, and is' inclofed with an earthen
rampart : it has three wooden churches
and a convent. In the fort are the
governor's houfe, the archbifliop's pa-
lace, the exchange, and two churches,
■which are all ftonc bnildings. The
lower town Hands on a plain, between
the city and liver. Moft of the houfes
being conftruftcd «f wood, it was nearly
confurw^d by a fire about 1786; but it
i'j now rebuilt, ancl chiefly of flone.
Tobolfk contains 15,000 inhabitants,
and almoft the fourth part are Tartars,
TO C
who drive a great trade on the river
Irtyflt, and carry their goods to China:
There are alfo a great number of Kal-
mucs. The reft of the inhabitants arc
KufBans, whofe anceftorswere banilhed
hither for their crimes, or fuch as are
exiles themfelves. All the Chinefe ca-
ravans are obliged to pafs through this
town ; and all the furs fumilhed by
Siberia are brought into a warehoufc
here, and thence forwarded to the Si-
berian chancery, at Mofcow. Here are
many artificers, who want neither tools
nor materials to carry on their trades ;
but, from the cheapnefs of all the ne^
cefTarics of life, indolence and floth
prevail to fuch a degree, that it is dif-
ficult to get any thing made. Tobolfk
is 1 100 miles e by N of Mofcow, and
1200 E by s of Peterfburg. Lon. 68
35
£, lat. ';8 12 N.
Tocantin, the largeft river of Brafil,
which rifes in lat. 18 s, and flows ne at
the foot of a ridge of mountains, for
above 700 miles ; then enters a more
open country, and purfiies its courfe
400 miles further to the Atlantic ocean,
which it enters by a large cftuary, below
the city of Para. The eftuary of this
river has a communication with that of
the Amazon to the w ; and the fpace
included by them and the ocean is an
ifland, 150 miles in diameter, called
Marafo or Joancs.
Tocat, a city of Afiatic Turkey, in
the fangiacate of Sivas. The houfes are
handfomely built, and the ftreets paved,
which is an uncommon thing in thefe
parts ; but the town makes a very odd
appearance, being built on uneven
ground. There .ire two rugged per-
pendicular rocks of marble, with an old
caftle upon each ; and fo many ftreams,
that each houfe has a fountain. The
inhabitants are computed at 60,000.
There are 12 mofques, and a vaft
number of chapels ; the Armenians
have feven churches, and the Greeks
only one. The chief trade is in copper
veflcls, but much yellow leather and
filk is manufaftured. Tocat may be
confiderec' as the centre of trade in
Turkey ; for c.ravans come hither from
ieveral parts. J is territory abounds in
fruit and excellent wine. It is 45 miles
WNW of Sivas, and 150 n of Marafh.
Lon. 37 35 E, lat. 39 io n.
Tocaynia, a town of New Granada, in
a country abounding in fruit and fugar-
can«;s. Here are hot baths between two
cold fprings ; and near the town is a
volcano. It is feated on the Pati, nettr
its entrance into the Madalena, 3 4 miles
w ofl
w, lalf
Toc\
lying
fides
fame
Nigcr|
Lon.
Tod
Spoletl
'liberJ
lying
and
abbey I
counti
abounJ
depart]
near tl
laronej
Toh
caflle.
which
e on the river
j;oodfl to China:
umber of KaU
inhabitants arc
a were baniflied
or fach 98 are
:he Chinefe ca-
ifs through this
■8 fumifhed by
to a warehoulc
-ded to the Si-
;ow. Here are
nt neither tools
u their trades ;
3 of all the ne-
:nce and floth
, that it is dif-
ade. Tobolfk
•f Mofcow, and
urg. Lon. 68
river of Brafil,
ind flows NE at
[Tiountnins, for
enters a more
flics its courfe
Atlantic ocean,
cftuary, below
elluary of this
Ml with that of
and the fpace
\\e ocean is an
meter, called
ic Turkey, in
"^he houfes are
|; ftreets paved,
thing in thefe
es a very odd
It on uneven
rugged per-
, with an old
lany ftreams,
untain. The
Id at 6o)0oo.
and a vaft
Armenians
the Greeks
is in copper
leather and
Dcat may be
of trade in
hither from
abounds in
[t is 45 miles
of Marafli.
[Granada, in
it and fugar-
petween two
town is a
le Pati, ne«ir
luai 3 4 miles
T O L
w of St. Fa de Bogota. Lon. 73 58
w, lat. 4 5 K.
ToeruTt a kingdom of Negroland,
lying to the e of Tombudtoo, on both
fides the Niger. The capital is of the
fame name, feated on the s fide of the
Niger, 320 miles e of Tombu^oo.
Lon. 6 18 w, lat. 16 38 N.
Todi, a town of Italy, in the duchy of
Spoleto, feated on a hill, near the
1 iber, az miles F. of Spoleto.
Toggcnburgi a county of Swifli'iland,
lying between the cantons of Zurich
and Appenzel, and depending on the
abbey of St. Gall. It is a. narrow
country, full of fertile mountains, and
abounding in cattle.
ToUseyy a town of France, in the
department ofAin,withaf '-eRe ; feated
near the conflux of the :■' jnc d Cha-
larone, 15 miles n of T»t-'i u> .
Tokay ^ a town of I iigai /ith a
caflle. It is celebrat ^ «r ilr wine,
which is preferred t'- 01. ys in Hun-
gary; and near it are la falt-works.
It (lands at the confiux i>4 the Bodrog
with theTeille, lor ''es kne ofBuda.
Loti. ai 15 E,lat. 4: .» .
Tolaga Bayy a bay on the ne coaft of
the northern illand New Zealand. Lou. •
178 34 E, lat. 38 sr s.
Toledo, a city of Spain, in New Caf-
tile, of which it was formerly the ca-
pital. It is feated on a conical hill on
the river Tajo, which nearly furrounds
ii ; and on the land fide is an ancient
wall, flanked with 100 towers. There are
a great number of fuperb ftrudures, be-
lide 17 public fquares, where the markets
arc kept. It is an archbifbop's fee ;
and the cathedral is the richeft in Spain :
the Segrario, or principal chapel, con-
t!iins 15 large cabinets let into the>wall,
full of gold and filver veflels, and other
works. Here are 38 religious hotifes,
with a greatr number of churches be-
longing to 27 parilhes, and fome hof-
pitals. The inhabitants, once eftimated
at 204,000, are now reduced to 25,000.
Without the town are the remains of an
amphitheatre, and other antiquities. It
has a royal caftle, a famous univerfity,
and feveral manufa^ures of arms, fiik,
and wool. It is 37 miles s of Madrid.
Lon. 3 20 w, lat. 39 50 n.
ToUn, a fortified town of Holland,
ifi Zealand, in an ifland of the fanac
name, ftparated by a narrow channel
from Brabant. On the Brabant fide it
has a fort called Schlyckenburg, five
miles Nw of Bergen op Zoom. Lon.
4 20 E, lat. .51 30 N.
Tolentino, a town of Italy, in the mar-
quifate of Ancona, where the relics of
If
TOM
St. Nicholas are kept. It is feated oa
the Chiento, eight milcw se of St. Se*
verino.
Toletburjf, : feaport of RuQia, in the
government Riga, feated on the gtilf
of Finlanc" 6- miles w of Narva. Lon.
%6 4 E, lat. •> j8 N.
Tol/a, a IV • n of Italy, in the patri-
mony of St. Peter. In the environs are
warm baths, mines of alum and iron,
and quarries of alabafter and lapis lazuli.
It is four miles n e of Civita Vecchia.
Tol/juys, a town of Holland, in Gel-
derland, feated on the Rhine, eight
miles K of Nimeguen.
Toliand, a town of Connefticut,
chief of the county of its name, which
is a hilly diftridt, but good for grazing.
It is 18 miles NK of Hartford.
Tolmezo, a town of Italy, in Friuli,
with a calllc. Near it is an extenfive
linen manufacture. It Hands on the
Tagliamento, 14 miles NWofUdina.
Tolmiuo, a town of Germany, in the
duchy of Carniola, i a miles n of Goritz.
Tolna, a town of Hungary, capital of
a county of the fame name, producing
excellent wine. It is feated on the
Danube, 61; miles s of Buda. Lon. 19
15 E, lat. 46 30 N.
Tolnani, a town of Hindooftan, in
the country of Baglaua, 70 miles w of
Burhampour, .ind 124 e of Surat. Lon.
-jS^^ E, lat. ai 15 N.
Tolometa, a fcaport of Barbary, in
Barca, anciently called Ptolemais. It
is feated on the Mediterranean, 100
miles w of Derua. Lon. ao 30 e, lat.
3244N.
7'o/ojfl, a town of Spain, in Bifcay,
capital of the diftridt of Guipufcoa ;
celebrated for its fteel manufadtures,
particularly of fword-blades. It was
taken by the French in 1794. It is
felted in a valley, between the Araxis
and Oria, 36 miles E of Bilboa. Lon.
2 5 w, lat. 43 I2N.
Tola, a feaport of Terra Firma, in
the government of Carthagena ; famous
for its balfam, produced from a tree
like a pine. It is feated on a bay, 70
miles s of Carthagena. Lon. 75 i6 w,
lat. 9 30 N.
'I oniart a town of Portugal, in Ef-
trenuuhira, on the river Naboan, at the
foot of the mountains, where there is a
caftle belonging to the knights of Chrift.
It is 40 mile.s s by e of Coimbra, and
65 NE of Lifbon.
Tombuctoo, a kingdom of Negroland,
which lies to the w of Bambara, and e
of Tocrur. It produces plenty of corn,
cattle, milk, and butter. The king is
defpotic, aud has 3000 horfemen, be-
'/
TON
fid a great nutnbur of foot, wlio frc-
quentiy take captives, and fell them to
the mcrcliants fur llavcs. The houfes
are built like bells, with walls of hur-
dies plaiftei'cd with clay, and covered
■with reeds. The better fort of women
have their faces covered, their religion
being Mahomctanifm. Both men and
women are Ibnd of dancing, and fpend
a great part of the night in that exer-
cife.
Tombuctoot the capital of the kingdom
of the fame name, with aftately mofque
built of (tune, .and a royal palace.
Here are many cotton-weavers, and in-
xonious mechanics. Cloth and other
European merchandife are broiiglit by
caravans from Barbary; thefe are ex-
changed for ivory, (laves, fena, gold-
duft, dates, oftriches feathers, &c.
brought from the interior and more
maritime parts of Africa. This city is
fubjert to a well regulated police, and
the inhabitants arc in general very rich.
It is feated on the Niger, 190 miles ene
of Sego. Lon. i 38 w, lat. j6 ^5 n'.
Ttmhia, a town of Peru, in the pro-
vince of Charcas, 60 miles nk of Plata.
Tomiui, a town on the e eoaft of the
iflaiid of Celebes, on a bay to which it
gives name. Lon. 119 o 1;. lat. o 45 s.
Tomtki a town of Siberia, in the go-
vernment of ToboHk- Onthehighefl pnrt
Hands a wooden caftlc, defende«l by 14
pieces of cannon ; and in it aie a cathe-
dral built of wood, the chancery, and an
arfenal. The inhabitants carry on a
great trade, this town lying on the
great road through all the t and Jr parts
of Siberia. Hen; are all kinds of arti-
ficers and tradefmen, but they are ex-
tremely indolent and flothful. It con-
tains above 2000 houfes, and is feated
on the river Tom, 560 miles e by s of
Tobolflc. Lon. 84 19 e, lat. 57 4 n.
Tondern, a town of Denmark, ia the
duchy of Slefwick, which is well built,
and has a coniiderable trade in corn,
cattle, filk, and fine lace. An old pa-
lace, which was formerly fortified, is
now difmantled and in ruins. It is feat-
ed on the river Widaw, and on a bay of
the German ocean, a8 miles s by t
of Ripen, and 40 nw of Slefwick. Lon.
9 40 E, lat. 54 58 N.
Tongatabco, one of the Friendly if-
lands, 20 leagues in circuit. It was
difcovcred by Tafman, who called it
New Amfterdam, and vifited by Cook
in 1773 and 1777, who lay at anchor on
the w part; and it has the beft harbour,
or anchoring- place, to be found among
thefe iflands. The land is low, with
many gentle rifings, and very fertile,
TON
bcingwholly laid out in plantations, wjth
roads or lanes for travelling. It is the
feat of government for all the other'
iflands, and the ordinary refidencc of all
the principal chiefs. Lon. 174 46 vv,
lat. 119 s.
'I'onjji'ren, or Tongres, a town of thn
Netherlands, in the territory of Liege,
formerly one of the moft flourifliing
cities in the Roman province of Gallia
Belgica. It has feverely fuffercd by the
calamities of war, the firft time by
Attila, king of the Htms, in 454, and
the laft, by the French, in 1677. It is
fe.ited on the Jeckar, 13 miles Nw of
Liege.
Ton^-^^iny a city of China, of the firft
rank, inKoei tcheou, 850 miles ssw of
Peking. Lon. io8 37 e, lat.a7 40 n.
Tonghoy a city of Pegu, capital of a
province of the fume name, noted for
producing the beft beetle nut. It has a
fort, deemed the ftrongeft in theBirman
empire, and is feattd near the Setang,
90 miles N of Pegu. Lon. 96 45 e, lat.
18 45 N,
'iong-tchatif^, a city of China, of the
firft rank, in Chang-tong, feated near
the N end of the grand canal, aio miles
8 of Peking. Lon. 116 12 £, lat. 36
30 N. '
'I'onsr-tchoUi a fmall city of China, in
Pe-tche-li, feated on the Pei-ho, 170
miles from its mouth, and la e by s of
Peking.
Tong-tchueni a fortified city of China,
of the firft rank, in the province of
Se-tchucn. The inhabitants are all
foldicrs, who have followed the profef-
fion of arms, fiom father to fon. It is
1000 miles sw of Peking. Lon. loi 30
t,lat. 2556 N.
Tongusians, or Tonguts, a people who
inhabit thi; e part of Siberia, and arc
fubjedt to the Ruffians. They are all
pagans, and chiefly fubfift by grazing,
and hunting of fables. They live in
huts, which, when they remove their
dwellings, they take down, and fet up
elfewhere. Thefe huts are compofei
of virooden poles, covered all over with
hair and rubbifh, except a hole left at
the top to let out the fmoke. Their
fire is made in the middle, and they all
lit round it upon turfs. Both fcxes
are very ftrong, and broad faced, and
they all ride on horfeback, not except-
the girls. Both men and women drefs
alike in a fort of frock, with boots of
Ikins on their legs ; and their common
drink is water.
Tonna, a town of Upper Saxony, in
the principality of Gotha, fix miles N of
Gotha.
r
plantations, with
elling. It is the
r ail the other'
r refidcnce of all
lion. 174 46 w,
r, a town of tho
rritory of Lit;ge.
nod flourifliiiig
Dvince of Galliii
y fuffered by the
e firft time by
ins, in 454, and
, in 1677. It is
13 miles Nw of
:hina, of the firft
50 miles ssw of
2, lat. 37 40 N.
.'gu, capital of a
name, noted for
ie nut< It has a
eft in the Birman
near the Setang,
,on- 96 45 e, lat.
of China, of the
»ng, feated near
canal, a 10 miles
6 12 £, lat. 36
;ity of China, in
the Pei-ho, 170
md I a E by s of
d city of China,
de province of
bitants are all
wed the profcf-
er to fon. It is
Lon. loi 30
;r Saxony, in
, fix miles n of
TON
ToHMty Btuttmnet a town of France,
in the department of Lower Cha rente,
on the river Bouionne, 17 miles n of
Saintes.
Tonnajf Cbarente, u town of France,
in the department of Lower Charente,
\vith a caftlc ; ft-ated on the Charente,
three miles E of Rochefort, and 15 nw
of Saintes.
Tonneinst A town of France^ in the
department of Lot and Garonne, feated
on the Garonne, two miles from itd
junction with the Lot, and feven e of
Marmande.
Tonnerre^ a town of France, in the
department of Yonne, famous for its
good wine',. It is feated on the Ar-
-.nancon, %^ miles s of Troyes, and loa
E of Paris.
Tonningerit 3l Uz'porX of Denmark, in
the duchy of Slefwick. It was formerly
fortified, but the works were demoliih-
ed by order of the king in 17 14, as was
likewife itscaftie in 1734. The harbour
is commodious, and defended by three
batteries. It is feated on a peninfula
formed by the river Eyder, 35 miles
wsw of Slefwick, pnd 70 nnw of Ham-
burg. Lon. 9 10 R, lat. 54 30 N.
lonqiuHi a kingdom of Afia, bound-
ed on the w by China, e by China and
the gulf of Tonquin, s by Cochinchina,
and w by Laos. It is 350 miles in length
and 200 m bre.idth, and one of the fineft
countries of the eaft, for population,
riches, and trade. The commodities
are gold, mulk, filks, calicos, drugs of
many forts, woods for dying, lackered
and earthen wares, fait, anifeed, and
worm-feed. The lackered ware is not
inferior to that of Japan, which is ac-
counted the beft in thq world. The
natives in general are of a middling
ftature, and clean limbed, with a tawny
complexion; their faces oval and flat-
ti(h,their notes and lips well proportion-
ed, and their hair black, long, and
coarfe, hanging down their Ihoulders.
They die their teeth black. They are
dexterous, a(ftive, and ingenious in me-
chanic arts ; but there is fuch a number
of people, that many want employment,
for they feldom go to work but when
foreign ftilps arrive. The garments of
the Tonquinefe are made either of (ilk
or cotton ; but the poor people and
foldiers wear only cotton of a dark
tawny colour. Their houfes are fmall
and low, and the walls either of mud,
or hurdles daubed over with clay. They
have only a ground floor, with two or
three partitions, and each room has a
fquare hole to let in the light. They
have ftools, benches; and chairs; and
' TOO
on the fide of a table is a little a1t;ir,
with two incenfe pots thereon, which
no houfe is without. The country
aljounds with villaf;es, which conlift of
30 or 40 houfes, fyrrounded by trees ;
and in fome places are banks to keep
the water from overflowing their gar-
dens, where they have oranges, betels,
pumkins, melons, and falad herbs. In
the rainy feafon they cannot pafs from
one houfe to another, without wading
through the water, butfometimes they
have boats. The Tonquinefe in general
are courteous to ftrangers; but the
great men are haughty and ambitious,
the foldiers infolent,and the poor thiev-
ifh. They buy all their wives, of which
the great men have feveral. I'he men
are fo addided to gaming, that when
every thing elfe is loft, they will ftake
their wives and children ; and in hard
times they will fell them to buy rice to
maintain themfelves. When a man
dies, he is buried in his own ground,
and if he was mafter of a family, they
make a great feaft. The firft new moon
that happens after the middle of January
is a great feftival, when they rejoice for
ten days together; and they have an-
other great feaft in May or June, when
their firft harveft is got in. Their reli-
gion is paganifm, and yet they own a
Supreme Being. Their idols have hu-
man fhapes, but in very different forms:
they have likewife fome refembling ele-
phants and horfes, placed in fmall low
temples built of timber. The language
is very guttural, and fome of the words
are pronounced through the teeth : it
has a great refemhlance to the Chinefe.
They have fdhools of learning, and their
characters are the fame, or like thofe of
China ; and like them they write with
a hair pencil. This kingdom is an ab-
folute monarchy. Cachao is the ca-
pital.
Tonsbergi a feaport of Norway, in the
province of Aggerhuys. It has fome
commerce in timber ; and near it is
Walloe, the moft confiderable falt-work
in the kingdom- It is feated on a bay,
46 miles s of Chriftiania. Lon. 10 14 e,
lat. 58 50 N.
Tonuru, a town of Hindooftan, ia
Myfore, formerly a city of grtat extent,
as appears by fome ruins of the walls.
Here are three temples, in good prefcr-
vation ; and near it is an immenfe tank,
or refervolr 01 water, between two
rocky hills. It is 10 miles n of Serin-
gapatam.
roobouai, an ifland in the Pacific
ocean, difcovered by Cook. It is not,
in any dire^ioni above fix miles over,
Yy
'^1
TOR
but there are hilla in it of a conflJemhle
elevation, coveri^ with herb.i,.e except
a few rocky clifla,^ witli patches of trees
Interfpcrfed to tbdrfLinmitti. It is plen-
tifully (locked with hogti ..>'d fuwlH,
and produces feveral kinds ol iiuitti and
root!. Lon. 149 23 w, lat. a; 25 s.
Topeli or Topi, a town oFOqI emia, in
the circle of Pilfen, at the fourcc of a
rivulet of the fame iiame» 25 miles nw
of Pilfen.
Tofttitia, a towil of Mexico, in the
province of Mechoacan, at the mouth
of a river, near the Pacific oct-an, 55
miles Hw of Zacatula.
7o///Ve, a town of Bohemia, in the
circle of Leutmeritz, celebrated for itH
warm baths. Near this place the Auf-
trians defeated the PrufTians in 1762.
It is 16 miles nw of Leiitmerit/.
Topolitza, a town of European Tur-
key, in Moldavia, 12 miles sw of
KiemecE.
Topohzan, a town of Hungary, 60
miles NE of Prcfburg.
Topjham, a feaport in Devonfl^ire,
with a market on Saturday. Here is a
fpacious and convenient quay, belong-
ing to the city of Exeter, o( which this
town is the port. Moft of the inhabit-
ants are employed in the (hipping bu-
finefs. It is fcated at the head of the
eftuary of thu Ex, five miles SE of
Exeter, and 170 sw of London.
Tor, a feaport of Arabia, with a good
harbour deft-nded by a caftle. Here is a
Greek convent, in the garden of which
are fountains of bitter water, pretended
tobe thofe which Mofes rendered fweet,
by throwing in a piece of wood. It
(lands on the w fide df the peninfula
formed by the two arms of the Red fea,
150 miles ssE of Suez. Lon. 33 40 e,
lat. a8 10 N.
TorSaji a bay of the Englifh channel,
on the coaft 6f Devonfhire, to the e of
Dartmouth, formed by two capes,
called Berry Head and Bob Nofe. Here
the prince of Orange landed in 1688,
when he came over from Holland, by
the invitation of many principal perfons,
* to preferve the country from popery
and arbitary power. The s point.
Berry Head, is in lon. 3 28 w, lat. 50
Toriiat a town of Piedmont, in the
county of Nice. Here is an ancient
Oothic tower, and in the environs are
many remains of Roman monuments.
It is Seven miles b of Nice.
Torboht a town of Italy, in the Tren-
tino, t4 miles sb of Trent.
Toreello, a town of Italy, in a fmall
Hlasd of the fame name, in the gulf of
TOR
Venice, and a bi(hop's fee. Here are
feveral churches, and an elegant nun-
nery It in revrii miles N of Venice.
Tordiit or Tortnburgt a to'vn of
Tranfylvnnin, famous for its falt-wurks.
The Ilunprian language is faid to be
fpoken with the greatefl purity in this
town. It is 15 miles wnw of Claufen.
burg, and 48 nw of Hermandadt.
Toriiesillas, a fortified town of Spain,
in Li.-on, with a palace, where queen
Joan, mother of Charles v, ended her
mel.inclioly days. It is feated on the
Doui-ro, I, smiles sw of Valladolid, and
75 SSE of Leon.
Torre, a town of Hindooftan, capital
of a cikcar in Bengal, 235 miles wnw ot'
Calcutta. Lon. 84 55 e, lat. a^ 38 k.
Tovello, a town of Spain, m Cata-
lonia, famous tor a battle gained by the
French over the Spaniards, in 1694. It
is feated near the mouth of the Ter, 19
miles E by s of "Gironna, and 60 ne of
B.ircelonn.
Torgau, a town of Upper Saxony,
in Milnia, with a caftle. The inhabit,
ants brew excellent beer, and have ma.
nufaiflures of filk and cloth. Here the
king of Pru(ria obtained a great vidlory
over the Auftrians in 1760. It is feated
among groves and lakes, on the -river
Elbe, 22 miles ssE of Wittenberg, and
23 NNw of MeilTen. Lon. 13 3 e, lat.
5122N.
Torigny, a town of France, in the df •
partment of Manche, with a caftle,
fcven miles sb of St. Lo.
Tormes, a river of Spain, which rifes
in the mountains of Av'.la, in Caftile,
palTes by Alva, Tormes, and Salamanca,
and joins the Oouero, below Mirande
de Douero.
Torna, a town of Hungary, capital of
a county of the fame name, with a
caftle i feated on an eminence, on the
river Sayo, aa miles w of CalTovia.
Lon. 2o 43 E, lat. 48 50 N.
Tornea, a rive' of Sweden, whicJi
rifes on the border of Norway, forms
a lake of the. fame riame, and flows se
into the gulf of Bothnia, at Tornea.
Tornea, a feaport of Sweden, in W
Bothnia, with a good harbour. It is a
place of fome trade, for the Laplanders
in thofe parts come and exchange their
(kins and other articles fcr what they
want. The houfcs are low, and the
cold fo fevere, that fometimes people
lofe their fingers and toes. In its vici-
nity is an entire mountain of iron ore.
It IS feated on the river Tornea, at the
N extremity of the gulf of Bothnia, 165
miles NE of Uma* Lon. 24 la e, lat.
65 51 N,
Lon. 13 3 E, lat.
TOR
Torot B town of^pain, in Leon» and
II bilhop'i fee ; featcKl on a hill, on the
river Douero, over wliich is a bridge,
ao miles knk uf Zamora, and to nne
of Salamanc.t.
Toron, a4own ofEuropean Turkey,ln
Maceduniii, fltuatf on a tiecic of land be-
tween the gulfs of Monte Santo and
Caflandra, 90 miles sf. of Salonica. Lon.
34 10 B, lat. 3^ 58 N.
7or9M<i^, a village in Dovon(hire> near
the w flile of Torbay, ftven miles ;•« of
Kewton Biiflid. It has a neat range
of buildings for fummer vifitors, who
may here enjoy convenient bathing and
a romantic fituation. Near it is a fin-
gulai' cavern call<^l Kents-hole, which
18 full 300 yards long, and in no part
more than ao feet high.
Torre del Greco, a town of Naples, in
Terra di Lavoro. It wus deftroyed by
an eruption of Vefuvius in 163 1 ; and
by another in 1794. The town is re-
built on the lava that coverb the former
habitations, and ftands on the bay of
Naples, five miles sk of that city.
Torre de_Moncorvo, a tovm of Por-
tugal, in Tra los Montes, furrounded
by a wall, and defended by a baftion
and a caftle. It is 37 miles ss of Mi-
nndela, and 42 ssw of Braganza.
Torre de las Salinas, a towii of Spain,
in Valencia, near thecoaft of the Me-
diterranean, which carries on a great
trade in fait, procured fron a fmall
lake formed by faline fprings. This is
the moft confiderable falt-wark in all
Spain. It is 30 miles se of Origuela,
and 37 NNE of Carthagcna.
Torrejo, a town of Spain;, in New
Caftiic, 15 miles s of Madrid.
Torres, a town of Spain, in Granada,
feated on the Mediterranean, 45 miles
sw of Granada.
Torres Novas, a town of Portugal, in
F.ftremadura, with a caftle ; feated in a
fertile plain, 38 miles n by e of San-
taren.
Torres Vedras, a town of Portugal, in
Eftremadura, with a caftle ; feated near
tlie Atlantic, 27 miles n of Lifbon.
Torrid^e, a river in De^onfliire,
which nfcs on the fummit ol" a liigh
moor, within a few yards of the fource
of the Tamar, not far from th? Briftol
channel. It flows se to Hatherly, ^ind
then recdving the Oak from Oaltiiamp-
ton, turns fhortto the N,and paOing by
Torrington and Biddeford, enters the
Briftol channel, at Barnftable b^y.
Torriglia, a town of the territory of
Genoa, 14 miles ke of Genoa.
Torrittgton, a town in Devonfliire,
governed by a mayoTj ^vith a miairkct on
TOR
Saturday. It has two churchn, a mi-
nufa^ure of ftuffs, and fomc remiiina of
a caftle. It is feated on the Torridgt,
1 1 miles » by w of Barnftable, and 194
w bv s of I^ndon.
'Jorsilla, a town of Sweden, in Sudcr<-
mania, Hated on the s bank of the lakte
Maeter, 43 miles w of Stockholm.
Tertela, the princioal of the Virgin
iflands, in the W Indies, 18 miles long
and feven broad. It formeHy beiongtfd
to the Dutch, who built a ftrong fort*
from which they were expelled by the
Englifh in 1666. It produces excellent
cotton, fugar, and rum, and of late
years has undergone great improre-
ments The harbour is at the > end
of the ifland, and in 180a it was made a
fi-ee port. Lon. 63 o w, lat. 18 33 n.
Tortona, a town of Italy, in the Mi<
b'^efe, with a good citadel on an emi'
wcnce. It is deemed a confiderable
frontier place ; was taken by the allies
in 1744, by the Spaniard! in 1745, by
the French in 1796, by the Rumansand
Auftrians in 1799, and regained by the
French the fame vear. It is feated on
the Scrivia, 27 milersw of Milan. Lon.
8 j8 E, lat. 44 54 N.
Tortorella, a town of Naples, in Prin*
cipato Citeriorci five miles wi of Poli*
caftro.
TortosQ, a town of Spain, in Cata-
lonia, and a biihop's fee, with a univer-
fity and a. citadel. It is divided into
the old and new town, both furrounded
by modem fortifications. The entrance
is over a large bridge of boats, on the
river £bro, whofe head is fortified. It
has a great number of churches and
religious houfes ; among which the
cathedral, the royal college of Domini-
cans, and the convent of the Carmelite!,
are the moft remarkable. It is Gtuate in
a country fertile in corn and fruits*
and abounding with quarries and mittes
of (ilver, iron, alabafter, jafper of divers
colours, and ftones with veins of gold*
Here is a great deal of filk and oil, and
very fine potters ware, which refemblet
porcelain. It is feated partly on a plain*
and partly on a hill. 48 miles sw of
T'arragona, and 96 se of SaragolTa.
Lon. o ,';<. E, lat. 40 48 n.
Tortosa, a town of Syria, with a caftle.
It is f)rri(!jnded by lofty walln, and
ftands liCi r the Mediterranean, 3;; milei
NNF. of Tripoli.
Tortuc, an ifland of the W Indies,
near the k coaft of Hifpahiola, fo named
from the great number of tortoifes found
on and near it. Herd the Fifench buca«
niers ufed to fortify thetnfcbfis. It is
about 90 miles long and four brood, and
Yy 3
T O U
bas a fafe harbour, but difficuU of ac-
cefs. Lon. 73 10 w, lat. 30 10 n.
Tortugat or Sal TortugUt an uninha>
bitedilland near the coaft of Terra Fir-
zna, 60 miles w of the ifland of Marga-
retta» and about z6 in circumference.
There are a few goats on it ; and the
tortoifes come upon the fandy banks to
lay their eggs. At the e end is a large
falt-pond, where the fait begins to kern
in April; and for fome months after
Ihips come here to lade fait. At the w
end is a fmall harbour with frefh 'water.
Lon. 65 46 w, lat. ii 16 n. '^
Tosa, a feaport of Spain, in Catalonia,
on a ba^, which forms a good harbour.
It is built partly on a plain, and partly
on a fteep hill, which projcdls into the
fea. On the top of the hill is a ftrong
citadel, with other fortifications. It is
57 miles NE of Barcelona. Lon. a 54
£} lat. 41 4a K.
'loicanella, a town of Italy, in the pa'-
trimony of St. Peter, 35 miles n of
Rome.
Tosenot a town of Sweden, in W
Gothland, 20 miles wnw of Uddc-
valla.
7'ojjo, atown of Sweden, in W Gothr
land, 4% miles vne of Uddevalla.
Tostt a town of Silefia, in the princi-
pality of Oppeln, with a caftlc, sj miles
£SE of Oppeln.
Tost art or duster t a town of Perfia,
capital of Kufiftan, on the river Sable.
It was once a celebrated city, where the
kings of Perfia had a magnificent palace^
in which they depolited their araiiives
and part of their treafure. In fcripture
it is called Shufhan, and the river is
named Ulai- At prefeRt here arc manu-
factures of filks, Itufls, and rich cloth.
It is 170 miles wsw of Ifpahan. Lon.
49 a E, lat. 31 30 N.
Totnesst a borough in Devonfliirc,
governed by a mayor, with a market on
Saturday, and a nianufadure of ferges,
&c. It had formerly a caftle and walls,
and two gateways are yei Handing. It
is feated on the river Dait, on the fide
of a hill, 27 miles sw of Exeter, and
.196 w by s of London.
- Tottenhaniy a village in Middlefex,
five miles n of London. Here arc three
almfhoufes; one of them founded in
1596 by Balthazar Zanches, who was
confectioner to Philip 1 1 of Spain, and
the firft that exercifed that art in this
country.
Tottl, a fortified town of France, in
the department of Meuite, and lately a
bifliop's fee. The cathedral and late
epifcopal palace are handfomeftruilftures.
U is feated on the Mof«lle, in a plaiOf)
T O U
almoft fitrrounded by mountains, r?
miles w by s of Nancy, and a4> vv'sw ot
Mctz.
TotJomkat a town and fortrefs of Hin-
doodan, in the Moultan country, feated
on the Ra'uvee, 50 miles ene of Moul.
tun.
Toulon, a fortified city and feaport of
France, capital of the department of
Var, and lately an epifcopal fee. It is
divided into the old and new quarter:
the firft, which is ill built, has nothing
remarkable in it but the Rue aux Arbres
(a kind of mall) and the townhoufe;
the other contains the magnificent
works conftrudted by Lewis x i v, many
fine houfes, and a grand oblong fquare,
lined with trees, and ferving as a parade.
The old and new harbours communi.
cate with each other by means of a cal
nal. The old haven has a noble quay,
on which is the townhoufe, and it is
prote»fted by two moles, begun lay Hen-
ry I V . The new haven was conftru(fled
by Lewis xiv, as were the fortifies-
tions : it contains an arfenal, a ropewalk,
a park of artillery, dock-yards, bafins,
and every thing to be expedted in the
fccond port for men of war in this coun-
try. The galleys, transferred from
iNiarfeilles fome years ago, occupy a ba-
(in in the new port. Many of the g.il-
ley-flaves are artifans, and fome mer-
chants: they no longer fleep on board
the galleys, but are provided with ac
commodations on fhore, in a vaft build-
ing, newly created for that purpofe.
Both the old and new port have an out-
let into the outer road or harbour, which
is 10 miles in circuit, furrounded by
hills, and the entrance defended, on
both fides, by a fort and batteries. Tou-
lon is the only mart in the Mediterra-
nean for the re-exportation of the pro-
dudls of the E Indices. In 1706 it was
bombarded by the allies, both by land
and fea, by which almoft the whole
town was reduced to a heap of ruins,
and feveral Ihips burned ; but they were
at laft obliged to raife the fiege. In 1721
it experienced the dreadful ravages of a
peftilence. In 1793 it capitulated, in
the name of Lewis xvii, to the Uritilh,
whp, not finding the place tenable, eva-
cuated it the fame year, after having
deltroyed the arfenal, &c. Toulon is
ieated on a bay of the JMediterranean,
37 miles SE of Marfcille«, and 517 ssb
of Paris. Lon. 5 55 e, lat. 43 7 n.
Toulouse, a city of France, capital of
the department of Upper Garonne, and
an archbifhop's fee. It contains 60,000
inhabitants, and is the moft cenfiderable
city in France, next to Paris and Lyon,
T O U
although its population bears no pro-
portion to its extent. It was the capi-
tal of the Tedtofages, who made fo
man/ conquefts in Alia and Greece. It
was next a Roman colony, and was fuc-
ceflively the capital of the Vifigoths
(who deftroyed the fuperb amphithea-
tre, of which there are ftill fome rc-
mainsi the capitol, and other Roman
monuments) and that of Aquitaine.
Tiie walls of the city, as well as the
houfes, are built with bricks. St. Ste-
phen's, the metropolitan church, would
be incomparable, if the nave was equal
to the choir; and the archbilhop's pa-
lace is magnificent. The towohoufe,
a modern ftruflure, forms k perfeft
fquare, 324 feet long, and 66 high: the
principal front occupies au entire fide
of the grand fquare, lately called the
Place Royale. In the great hall, called
the Hall «f illuftrious Men, is the ftatue
of the chevalier Ifaure, and the bufts of
all the great men to whom Touloufe
has given birth. Communicating with
the Atlantic, on one fide, by the river
Garonne, and with the Mediterranean,
on the other, by the canal of Langue-
doc, Touloufe might have been a very
commercial city ; but the tafte of the in-
habitants has been principally for the
fcienccs and belles-lettres. The little
commerce they have confifts in leather,
wool, drapery, blankets, mignionets,
nil, iron, mercery, hardware, and books.
The bridge over the Garonne, equal to
that of Tours, forms a communication
with the fuburb of St. Cyprian. Tou-
loufe is 1 25 miles se of Bourdeaux, and
350 s by w of Paris. Lon. i j6 e, lat.
43 3^ ^'
Tour, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Puy de Dome, a* miles s
of Clermont.
Tour la lilanc/ie, a town of France, in
the department of Dordogne, 15 miles
KW of Perigeux.
Tour du Pin, a town of France, in the
department of Ifere, I'cated on a river of
the fame name, 24 miles s of Vienne.
Tour de Rousiilon, a town of France,
in the department of Eaftern Pyrenees,
feated on a hil! near the river Tet, three
miles E of Perpignan.
Tour la Ville, a town of France, in the
department of La Manche, celebrated
for its manufadture of glafs. It is fepa-
lated from Cherburg by a river.
Touraine, a late province of France,
bounded on the n by Maine, e by Or-
Ifanois, s by BciTy, and w by Anjou
and Poitou. The river Loire runs
through the middle ; and it is, in gene-
ral, fo pleafunt and fertile a country.
T O U ,
that it was called the Garden of Frahcf .
It now forms the department of Indrt
and Loire.
Tourancourchy, a town of Hindoof-
tan, in the Camatic, 35 miles ssw of
Tritchinopoli.
Tournarit a town of France, in the
department of Seine and Mame, am
miles ESE of Paris.
Tournay, a city of the Netherlands,
in Flanders, and a bilhop's fee, with a
ftrong caftle. It has feveral fine manu-
fa(51ures, and is particularly famous for
good ftockings. The cathedral, and the
abbey of St. Marti. - are very magnifi-
cent. It was ta':en ■ y the allies in 1709,
and ceded to the iioufe of Auftria by
the treaty of Utrecht; but the Dutch
were allowed to place a garrifon in it,
as one of the barrier towns. It \yh%
taken in 1745 by the French, who de-
moliflied the fortifications, but reftored
it in 1748. In 178 1, the emperor oblig-
ed the Dutch to withdraw their garri-
fon. It was again taken, in 1792,. by
the French, who were obliged to aban-
don it in 1793, but reentered it again,
on the final conqucft of Flanders, in
1794. It is feated on both fides the
Scheldt, over which is a bridge, 14 miles
ESE ofLifle, and3osswofGhent. Lori.
3 24 E, lat. 50 33 N.
Tournehem, a town of France, in the
department of Pas de Calais, nine miles
NwofSt. Omcr.
Tournon, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Ardcchc, with a fine col-
lege, and a caftle; feated ni, the fide cf
a mountain, on the river Rhone, 38 mile*
N cf Viviers, and 48 s of Lyon.
TournuSi a town of France, in the de-
partment of Saone and Loire, on the ri-
ver Saone, i^; miles s of Chalons.
Toursy a city of France, capital of the
departmen': of Indre and Loire, and an
archiepifcopal fee. It is feated on the
Loire, and near the Cher. Over the
former is one of the fineft bridges in
Europe, confifting of 15 elliptic arches,
each 75 feet in diameter. The principal
church is remarkable for the delicacy of
its ftrudturcv curious clock, mofaic pave-
ment, and rich library of manufcripts.
Under the miniftry of cardinal Riche-
lieu, 27,000 perfons were here employ-
ed in the filk manufadlure; and now the
whole nuniber of inhabitants is about
33,000. The red wines of Tours are
much efteemed. In one of the fuburbs
is the abbeyf of Marmoutier, reputed
the moft ancient in the weft. Near the
city is Plellis-les-Tours, a palace built
by the profligate and fuperftitious Lewis
XI, who died here, in 1483. Tours
ofPa
^. T R A
, mlltft NKF. of Poitiers, and 127 sw
^aris- Lpn. o 42 e, lat. 47 24 n .
Toiuerat a town of Barbar^, in Bile-
dulgerid, dependeqt on Tunis. Lon.
10 55 Kf lat. 3,230 N.
Toweestert a town in yTorthampton>
Aire, with a n)a.ket on Tuefday, and
n^unufaAures of lace and filk- It was
once ftrongly fortified, and the Roman
Watling-ftreet paiTes through the town.
It is feated on the Weedon, nine miles
S9W of Northampton; and 60 nw of
London.
To<wt«»* a village in W Yorkfluie,
three miles se of Tadcaftei-' It is fa-
mous for that bloody battle botween
tfxe forces of the houfes of York and
I^ncafter, fo fatal to the latter, on
Palm-Sunday, 1461.
Toiuy, a river of Wales, which rifes in
Cardiganfhire, enters Carmarthenfhire at
its NE extremity, and flows by Llaoynid-
tdoory, Llandilovawr, and Carmarthen,
into thfc Briftol channel.
Tra los Montesy a province of Portu-
fal, beyond the mountains, with regard
to the other provinces of this kingdom,
whence it has its nanve. It is bounded
on the N by Galicia, w by Entre Douro
e Minho, sw and s by Beira, and e by
Leon. It is fertile in wine and oil, and
abounds in cattle. The Douero divides
it into two parts, and Miranda is the
capital
Trachenber^y a town of Silefla, capi-
tal of a principality of the fame name,
abounding in corn, cattlf, and timber.
It has a fine caftle, and is feated on the
Bartch, 26 miles nnw of Breflau. Lon.
16 56 K, lat. 51 27 K.
Triifalgary a promontory of Spain, in
Andaiufia, at the entrance of the ftrait
of Gibraltar. Off this cape, in 1JI05,
admir;)] lord Nelfon, with 27 fail of the
line, engaged the combined fleets of
France and Spain, confifting of 33 fail
of the line, 19 of which were taken, funk,
or deftroyed, and the French command-
« r in chief, admiral Villeneuve, and two
.Ipanifh admirals made prifoners: this
unparalleled vidoty was obtained with-
out the lofs of one Britifh fhip ; but the
noble commander fell, by a Tulket ball,
near the clofe of the engagement. This
cape is 30 miles sse of Cadi;i^. Lon. 6
■a w, lat. 36 1 1 V.
Tragonara, a town of Naples, in Ca-
pitanata, 20 miles nw of Lucera.
TrajanppoH, a town of £ur<^ean
Turkey, in Romania, and a Creek arch-
bifliop 8 fee, though it is fmall and thin
of people. It is fe;.ted on the Mariffa,
tfi miles s of Adrianoploi aad 135 w by
^ of ^onftantinople.
TRA
Trajetto, a town of Naples, in Terra
di Lavoro, built on the lite of the an-
cient Minturna. Here are the ruins of
an amphitheatre and aquedudt. It is
feated near the mouth of the Gariglia-
no, in the Mediterranean, 25 miles nw
of Capua. Lon. 14 4 e, lat. 41 20 n.
Train, a town of Bavaria, on the river
Ambs, five miles s of Abenfperg, and 20
E of Ingolftadt.
Traina, a town of Sicily, in Val di
Demona, feated on a mountain, at the
fource of the river Traina, 25 mi?es nw
of Catania.
Traleef a borough of Ireland, capital
of the county of Kerry. Near it is a
chalybeate fpring. It ftands on a fmall
river, which flows into a (hallow bay of
its name, 50 miles sw of Limerick.
Lon. 10 o w, lat. 52 4 n.
Tralleborgy a feaport of Sweden, in
Schontn, near the Baltic, 19 miles s of
Lund. l.on. 12 58 E, ht. 55 20 N.
Traneoso, a town of Fortugal, in Tra
los Montes, with a caltlj, nine miles w
by s of Pinhel.
Tranenty a town of Scotland, in Had-
dingtonfliire, eight miles e of Edinburg,
and 10 w of Haddington.
Traniy a city of Naples, in Terra di
Bari, the fee of an archbiihop, and tho
ufual refidence of the governor of the
province, which is fometimes called Ter-
ra di Trani. It is much decayed fince
the harbour has been choaked up, and
ftands on the gulf of Venice, 26 milfs
w by N of Bari, and 1 25 n by e of Na.
pies. Lon. 16 36 e, lat. 41 18 n.
Tranquebary a fe.iport of Hindooftan,
in the country of Tjinjore, with a fort
and fudory, belonging to the Danes,
who pay an annual rent to the rajah.
The tow^i is furrounded by a wall and
b.iftions; and contains three Chriftian
churches, a large mofquc for the Maho-
metans, and fevcral pagodas fer the Gen-
toos. In 1807, it was taken by the En-
glifli. It is feated at the mouth of the
Cavt'ry, 165 miles s of Madras. Lon.
79 53 E» 'at. II I N.
Transylvania, a country of Europe,
formerly annexed to Hungary; bound-
ed on the N by Hungary, k by Molda-
via, s by Walachia, and w by Hungary.
It is 160 miles long and 1^0 broad, and
furrounded by high mountains, which,
however, are not barren. It produces
as much corn .-uid wine as is wanted,
and there are rich mines of gold, filvcrj
lead, copper, quicklilver. and alum. It
has undergone various revolutions, and
now belongs to the houfe of AuAria.
The inhabitants are of various religionp,
^% Roman catbolitSy Lutherans, Calvl-
niils, Socij
Mahometj
tocratical
rendered
princefles
manftadt il
Trapan[
Sicily, in
an excelleil
fickle, whj
num. It il
its falt-wo|
and coral
fula, 30 mi|
Palermo,
Trarback
department
ly of Gerr
Rhine. Its I
tiin, was tl
It is feated
by s of Mei
Trasmau
Tria, feated
lluxwithth
Trauy a
and a biflio
gulf of Ven
to the mail
wood, and 1
of ftone, 27
17 52 E, lat
Travanca
fula of Hint
coaft of Mai
the provinc
length, by 7
niity, and ci
point. It h
an ally to tl
Travanco
capital of th
It is furrour
lines, no m
iSEofCalic
Trave, a
the duchy c
Segeloerg, C
ters the Bal
TravemUi
Saxony, in 1
on the Balii
It is the poi
lonf s, and i
TraverJ,
the territor
of Neuchat
Traunstel
varia. Gn
here, from \
over moun
and pipes, f
fd on the ri
Salzburg.
T R A
nifts, Socinians, Arminians, Greeks, and
Mahometans. The government is arif-
tocratical; and, fince the year 1722,
rendered hertditary to the princes and
princeflTes of the houfe of Auftria. Her-
manftadt is the capital.
Trapan'h a feaport on the nw coaft of
Sicily, in Val di Mazara, with a tort, and
nn excellent harbour in the form of a
fickle, whence its ancient name Drepa-
num. It is a trading place, famous for
its falt-works, and fiQierics of tunnies
and coral It ftands on a fmall pcnin-
fula, ^o miles n of Mazara, and 45 w of
Palermo, Lon. iz 29 e, lat. 38 10 n.
Trarbach, a town of France, in the
department of Rhine and Mofelle, late-
ly of Germany, in the circle of Upper
Rhine. Its fortrei's, which is on a monn-
tiin, was taken by the French in 1794.
It is feated on the Mofelle, 47 miles w
by s of Mentz. Lon. 7 6 e, lat. 49 58 n.
' Trasmaur, a town and caftle of Auf-
tria, feated on the Trafen, near its con-
llux with the Danube, I a miles w ofTuln.
TraUf a ftrong feaport cf Dalmatia,
and a bifhop's fee. It is feated on the
gulf of Venice, in a fmall ifland, joined
to the mainland by a long bridge of
wood, and to the ifle of Bua by another
of (tone, 27 miles se of Sebenico. Lon.
17 52 E, lat. 44 _i N.
Travancarcy a province of the penin-
fula of Hindooftan, extending along the
coaft of Malabar from Cape Comorin to
the province of Cochin, 140 miles in
length, by 70 in breadth at the n extre-
mity, and contrading gradually to the s
point. It is fubjedt to a rajah, who is
an ally to the Englilh.
Travancore, a town of Hindooftan,
capital of the province of the fame name.
It is furrounded by ftrong and extenfive
lines, 1 10 miles ssw of Madura, and 130
isSE of Calient. Lon. 77 15 e, lat. 845 n.
Trave, a river of Lower Saxony, in
the duchy of Hoiftein, which flows by
Segcherg, Oldello, and Lubec, and en-
ters the Baltic, at Travemunde.
Trai'emunde, a ftrong town of Lower
Saxony, in the duchy of Hoiftein, feattd
on the Baltic, at the mouth of the Trave.
It is the port of Liiboc, to which it be-
longs, and is II miles ne of that city,
• Trovers^ a town of Swilferland, in
the territory of Neuchatel, 1 1 miles w
of Neuchatel.
Traunstf-n, a town and caftle of Ba-
varia. Great quantities of fait art made
herefrom water brought, above 14. miles
over mountains, by means of engines
and pipes, from Reichenhall. It is fcat-
fd on the riv^" TrauP} 16 miles w»w of
Salzburg, „
T R E
Trautenau, a town of Bohemia, in the
circle of Konigingratz, zi miles n of
Konigingratz.
Trayguera, a town of Spain, in Va-
lencia, .;jo miles sw of Tortofa.
Trehbhi a town of Brandenburg, in
the Middle mark, aa miles ssw of Berlin.
Treiia, a river of Italy, which rifes in
the territory of Genoa, flows by Bobio
in the Milanefe, and joins the Po, above
Placcntia.
Trebigna, a town of Ti rkilh Dalma*
tia, and a bifliop's fee; feated on the
gulf of Venice, at the mouth of the Tre-
benlka, 14 miles n of Ragufa.
Trebisaceia, a town of Naples, in Ca-
labria Citeriore, on the gulf of Tarento,
10 miles ENE of Caflano.
Trebuond, a feaport of Aliatic Tur-
key, in Natolia, and a Greek archbi-
fhop's fee. The walls are fquare and
high, with battlements ; and are built
with the ruins of ancient ftruftures, on
which are infcriptions not legible. The
town is not populous; for there are
many g.ardens in it, and the houfes are
but one ftory high. The caftle is feat-
ed on a flat rock, with ditches cut in
it. The harbour is at the e end of the
town, and the mole built by the Geno-
efe is almoft dcftroyed. It ftands at
the foot of a very fteep lull, on the
Black fea, 104 miles nnw of Erzerum,
and 440 E of Cunftantinople. Lon. 40
25 E, lat. 40 45 N.
Trebitz, a town of Moravia, with ma-
nufaiJtures of cloth, iron, and glafs;
feated on the Igla, 21 miles se of Iglau.
Trebnitz, a town of Silefi«, in the
principality of Oels, with a Ciftexciam
nunnery, la miles n of Breflau.
Trebsen, a town of Upper Saxony, in
Mifnia, feated on the Mulda, 14 milei
E by s of Leipfic.
Treffuru a town of Germany, ia
lA)wer Hefle, with a caftle, feated on a
hill, near the Werra, 36 miles kse c^
Caflll.
Tregarron, a town of Wales, in Car-
diganftiire, governed by a mayor, with
a market on Thurfday. It is feated OD
a branch of the Tyvy, tr, miles s by b
of Abcryltwith, and 204 w by N of
London.
Tregony, a borough in Cornwall, go-
verned by a mayor, with a market on
Saturday ; feated nn the Fale, fix raileC
e of Truro, and 253 w by s of London.
Treguier, a feaport of France, in the
department of Cotes du Nord, and late-
ly the fee of a biftiop. It is leated on
a peninfula, near the Englifh channel,
az miles nw of St. Srieux. Lon, 5 13
w, lat. 48 47 ^'
T R E
Trelkborg, a town of Sweden, in
Schonen, ft-ated on the Baltic, a6 miles
s of Lund.
Tremesan, or Tlemjan, a city of Al-
giers, in the^proTince of Mafcara. It is
furrounded by ftrong walls, and inha-
bited by poor Arabs, Moors, and Jews.
In the time of the Arabs, it was the re-
lidencc of powerful princes; but is now
dwindled to fcarce a fifth part of the an-
cient city. Its once flourifhing manu-
factures of carpets and woollen cover-
lets are in a ftate of decay ; and the for-
mer mallerpieces of architecture have
difappeared, for there is not a fingle
building of excellence now to be feen.
It is loo miles ssw of Oran. Lon. i la
AV, lat. 34 j6 N.
Tremiti, three iflands of Naples, in
th(.' gulf of Venice, , 5 miles from the n
coalt of Capitanata. They are called
^Tremiti or St. N^colo, St. Domino,
and Capraria. The firft, which is tlni
principal of then , has a Iknedidtine
convent and a caftle. Lon. 15 jo e,
lat. 42 10 N.
TremoaiUey r. tov" -..t France, in the
department of VUi re, featcd on the
BL'nnaile,'25 miles . b.- s of Poitiers.
Trcrrpy a low i.t Spain, in Catalonia,
on the river No*, era Pallarefa, ao miles
ii of Balaguer-
Trens.'.in, a vn of Hungary, capi-
tal of ' ( ".;.ty Oi it' nam •. with an an-
cient i^iite on a iOcV.. It has celebrat-
ed hoc baths, ;.nd is featcd near the
Waag, 70 miles nne of Freiburg. Lon.
18 o E,lat. 48 ,58 N.
Trent-, a principality of Germany,
lately a biflioprit, in the s part of Ty-
rol, among tne Alps, bounded by Ty-
rol Proper, and the territories of Ve-
nice. It produces excellent wine.
Trent, a i'ortifK'd city, capital of the
principality of Trent, wih a handfome
caftle, acathedral, three p irifli-churches,
a college, and fome convents. It is fa-
mous in church hiftory for a celebrated
council, whicli was held from 1545 to
156J. This city was fcveral times in
the hands of '^hc French during the late
war. It is fitnate between two moun-
tains, on the river Adige, 67 miles nw
of Venice. Lon. 10 55 f, lat. 46 2 N.
Trent, a river wiiich rifes in Staftord-
fliire, from three fprings to the w of
Leek, and flows se through the county
to the sw borders of Derbyfliirc, where
it receives the Tame. It then takes a
NE diredion> U;tween the two counties,
till it receives the Dove, when»it enters
Derbylhire, crofTes its s angle, and form-
ing, for a fhort fpace, its feparation from
the counties of Lcicefter and Notiing-
TR E
ham, it enters the latter county at its
sw extremity; thence croffin^ oblique-
ly to the E, it flows along its whole
eaftern fide, forming, toward the n part,
the boundary between that county and
Lincolnlhire, a corner of which it
crolTes, and, below Gainiborough,
meets the Oufc on the borders of York-
fhire, where their united ftream forms
the Humber. This river is of itfelf na-
vigable from Burton in Staffordfliire ;
and by canals it has a communication
with the Merfey, the Severn, and the
Thames.
Trentt a river of N Carolina, which
runs into the Neus, at Newbern, where
it is three quarters of a mile broad.
Trentont a town of New Jerfey, in
Hunterdon county, and the capiuil of
the ftate. Here are four edifices for
public worfhip, and a flourifiiing aca-
demy. It is feated on the Delaware,
30 miles NE of Philadelphia. Lon. 75
o w, lat. 40 15 N.
Trenton, a town of N Carolina, chit^f
of Jones county, on the river Trent, iS
miles sw of Newbern.
Trenton, a town of the diftridt of
Main, in Hancock county, oppofite the
N end of Mount Dcfert ifland, 30 miles
ENK of Caftine.
Trg^ort, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Lower Seine, feated on the
Englilh channel, at the mouth of the
Brefle. It is the port for the town of
Eu, nearly two miles diftant, and is 17
miles NE of Dieppe.
Trepto, a town and caftle of Hither
Pomerania, in the duchy of Stettin, on
the river Tollenfee, and frontiers of
Mecklenburg, 25 miles n of New Stre-
litz.
Trepto, Neiu, a town of Further Po-
merania, with manufactures of ftockings
and woollen ftulfs, feated on the Rega,
near its mouth in the Baltic, 16 miles
ENE of Camin.
Treshauish Isles, four fertile iflands
on the w coaft of Scotland, between
the iiland of Coll and that of Mull.
Trenenbrtet'zen, a town of Branden-
burg, in the Middle mark, ao miles s of
Brandenburg.
Treves, or Triers^ a late archbifhop-
ric and elcdorate of Germany, in the
circle of Lower Rhine ; bounded on the
N by the electorate of Cologne, e by
Wrteravia, s by the palatinate of the
Rhine and Lorrain, and w by Luxem-
burg. It is J 00 miles in length, but
the breadth is very different. There arc
many mountains and forefts; but near
the Rhine and MofeJic the foil is fruit-
ful, abounding in corn snd wins. A
ftnall pai|
fide oft!
as an indl
Weilburl
the Rhinl
is includf
and Mof
Treves]
capital ol
a bifiiop'fl
and capit
fame nar
fity, nuiT
.ind man]
but has
now neitl
f»?atcd on|
handfome
tains, cov|
NE of Li
Cologne.
Trcvi,
«f Spoletc
Trevico
pato Ultei
/ revier
France, ii
miles NN\
Trevier
France, ir
miles sw (
Trevigli
lanefc;, 17
Trevino
T\ith a cita
river Ague
Trev'isa)
territory
by Vicent
Bellunefe,
gulf of Ve
The foil i
wine, and
cattle, filk
is the cap
Treviso
of It.-ily, <
archbiftioi:
univerfity,
Padua. 1
noble fami
at the infli
NNW of "V
44 N.
Trevotii
departmci
volution t
of Domb
buildings
parliamen
and the f
celebrated
compofed
of I^ouis I
sunty at its
iiig oblique-
g its whole
d the N part,
county and
f which it
iinfborough»
ers of York-
kream forms
I of itfelf na-
taffordfliire ;
imunication
rn, and the
olina, which
'bern, where
e broad.
V Jerfey, in
e capiuil of
edifices for
irifliing aca-
z Delaware,
a. Lon. 75
rolina, chit^f
cr Trent, iS
t diftvidt of
oppofite the
nd, 30 miles
e, in the de-
feated on ihc
3uth of the
the town of
t, and is 17
|e of Hither
Stettin, on
Tontiers of
New Strc-
I urthcr Po-
)f ftockirigs
the Rega,
, 16 miles
Itile iflands
between
iMull.
Branden-
miles s of
rchbifliop-
py, in the
Ipd on the
jnc, E by
|te of the
Luxem-
[igth, but
i'here arc
but near
is fruit-
me. A
T R E
fmall part of this territory lies on the k
fide of the Rhine, and in 1800 was given
as an indemnity to the priiice of Naffau-
Weilburg; but the prinvj.pal part, w of
the Rhine, was annexed to France, and
is included in the departments of Rhine
and Mofelle, and Saire.
Trevest or Trhn, a city of FrancCr
capital of the department of Sarre, and
a biihop's fee, lately a city of Germany,
and capital of an archbifhopric of the
fame name. It has a caftU;, a univer-
Gty, numerous remains of antiquities,
and many fine chinches and palaces;
but has greatly fuffered by war, and is
now neither large nor populous. It is
feated on the Mofelle (over which is a
handfome bridge) between two moun-.
tains, covered with vineyards, 20 miles
NE of Luxemburg, and t^n s by e of
Cologne. Lon, 6 ^3 e, lat. 49 47 v.
Trcvi, a town of Italy, in the duchy
(»f Spbleto, I a miles n by w of Spo'^to.
Trevico, a town of Naples, in Pr'nci-
pato Ulteriore, 25 miles li of Beneve'^io.
Trevier de Courtes, St. a town of
Trance, in the department of Ain, 20
miles NNw of Bourg en Breife.
Trevier en Dombesy St. a town of
Frnnce, in the department of Ain, iS
miles sw of Bourg en Breffe.
Trevigiio, a town of Italy, in the Mi-
lancf(.-, 17 mi'es ene of Milan.
Trev/no, a town of !>pain, in Bifcay.
T\ ith a citadel, feated on a hi!i, near the
river Aguda, lo miles s '^fVittoria,
Trevisano, a province of Italy, in the
territory of Venice ; bounded on the w
by Vicentino, n by Feltrino and the
Bt'llunefe, E by Friuli and s by the
gulf of Venice, Dogac' and Paduano.
The foil is fertile, a produces corn,
wine, and wood; ni' he exports are
cattle, filk, and woo ,; cloth. Trevifo
is the capital.
TreDiso, or Trein ,0, a fortified city
of Italy, capital of JVcvifano, and an
iirchbiftiop's fee. It had formerly a
uiiiverfity, whicl w.is transferred to
Padua. It is the refidence of many
noble families, and feated on the Sile,
at the influx of the Piavefella, 18 miles
NNW of Venice. Lon. 12 18 e, lat. 45
44 N.
Trcvoux, a town of France, in the
department of Ain, and before the re-
volution the capital r>f the principality
of Dombes. The ? .oft remarkable
buildings are the ancieiit mint, the late
parliameiit houfe, the governor's houfe,
and the printing-office. The latter is
crlebrated for the Literary Journals
compofed by the jefuits of the college
of Jyouis le Grand. Trevoux is feated
T R I
on the fide of a hill, on the river Saone,
12 miles N of Lyon, and 188 s by e of
Paris. Lon. 4 51 e, lat. 45 54 n.
Treysa, a towii of Germany, in Up-
per Heffe, feated on a hill, near the
river Schwalm, 16 miles ene of Mar-
burg.
7W«so, a town of Italy, in the Mi-
lanefe, feated on the Adda, on the fron-
tiers of Bergamafco, 18 miles ne of Mi-
Ian.
Tribau, a town of Moravia, in the
circle of Olmutz, 30 miles nw of Ol-
mutz.
Triher/^, a town of Suabia, in Brifgau«
fituate on the Guttach, 15 miles nb of
Friburg.
Tr'thsees., a town of Hither Pomera-
nia, with a caftle, which commands the
pafs into Mecklenburg. It is feated on
tbeTjei^ci, 22 miles ssw of Stralfund,
and %^ ESE orRoftock.
T/:f.stadt, a Icv.-n of tt^uice, in the
department of Mont Tonnerre, lately
of Germany, in the duch, of Deux
Ponts, 16 miles ene of Deux Aints.
Tricala, a town of European Turkey,
in Macedonia, on the Stiimon, 50 miles
E>Jb of Sahi ica.
Trkahi, ii tovv'n of European Turkey,
in Jinna, 2,1 ndies ssw of Larifla.
l.-'caricj, a town of Naples, in Bafi-
licat? 13 miles st of Acerenza, ind 21
sw Di Mr.tora.
Triceto, a ' jwti of Naples, in Calabria
Ci'{eri,..re, i/| miles se of Scalea.
Tricclare, a town of Hindooftan, in
1 1; Carnatic, where Tippoo S.iltaun
w?.s defeated by the Britifli in 1790. It
is f, 4 miles w of Pondicherry.
1 ners. t .^e 1 reves.
Trieste .; itaport of Germany, in Car-
niola, and a bifliop's fee. The harbour
;3 fpaciou.s, fcreeiied by a wall fortified
\.'ith a biftion. The houfes ftand on
the fide of a mountain, extending them-
felves quite to the fea ; and on the lop
of the mountain is a caftle, in which the
governor of the town and its territories
refides. On the NV. fide of the town,
where formerly were falt-pits, a beauti-
ful fnburb has been built. The fixed
inhabitants, eftimated at 50,000, have a
good trade in fait, oil, almonds, iron,
copper, &c. brought from Laubach ;
and they make good whi'ie wines.
Trielt was taken by the French iu 17071
but evacuated in the fame j ear. ' It
ftands on a gulf of its name, which is
the NE part of the gulf of Venice, la
miles N of Capo d'lftrja, and 36 sw of
Laubach. Lon. 14 3 k, lat. 45 51 n.
Trimy a borough of Ireland, capital
of the county of Meatb. It is feated
T R I
cm the Boyne, 23 miles nw of Dublin.
Lon. 6 48 w, lat. 53 3a n.
Trincotnale, a feaport on the E coaft
of Ceylon, with a harbour reckoned the
fineil in the £ Indies, but fituate in the
moft barren part of the ifland. The
neareft farm villages are upward of la
miles, from which the inhabitants are
fupplied with provifions. The harbour
is defended by two forts, Trincomale
and Oftcnburg, the laft built upon a
cliff, proj^dtinp 1500 paces into the fea.
The town occupies more ground than
Columbo, but contains a nuich fmaller
number of houfes, and of an inftirior
appearance. Its circumference within
the walls is about tliree miles, but in
this fpace is included a riling point, im-
mediately over the fta, covered with
thick jungle- Trincomale was taken
from the Du'xh, by the Engiifti, in
178* ; retaken by the French the fame
year; reftored to the Dutch, by the
peace of 1783 ; and again taken by the
Englifh in 179.5. It Hands on a fpacious
bay of the fame name, 100 mile; nne
of Candy. Lon. 81 25 k, liit. 8 >,z n.
Trini^, a town in Hertfordlhire, with
a market on Friday; feated near the
Grand Jundion canal, a 2 miles w of
Hertford, and ,:^i wnw of London.
Trinidqdj an illand on the ne coaft of
Terra Firma, feparated from Paria on
the 3, by a channel about 10 miles over,
and from Cumana on the w, by the gulf
of Paria, the n entrance into which is
called BoeadelDrago[Dragon's Mouth]
on account of the advcrfe currents and
tiPipeftuous waves encountered here,
when this ifland, with the neighbouring
continent, was dilcovered by Colum-
bus in 1498. It is 90 miles long and 50
broad; produces fugar, cotton, maite,
fine tobacco, indigo, and fruit ; but the.
air is unhealthy. It was taken in 1595,
by (ir Walter Ralegh, and in 1676, by
the French, who plundered and left it.
In 1797, it was captured by the Engiifti,
and afterward ceded to them by the
treaty of Amiens. The capital is Port
tl'Efpagne, on the gulf of Paria, near
the Boca. Lon. 61 30 w, ht. 10 o n.
Trinidad, a feaport of Mexico, in the
province of Guatimala, on a bay of the
Pacific ocean. It is a place of great
trade, tht harbmir being the nenreft
hnding to Guatimala, for all merchan-
dife that comes from Mexico and Peru.
The town is nine miles from the har-
bour, and 1 10 i:sE of Guatimala. Lon.
90 ao vv, lat- 14 N.
'i rinidad, a town of Mexico, in Ve-
ragua, near the mouth of a river which
enters the Caribbean fta, ao miles £SE
T R r
of Conception. Lon. 81 aj w, lat. 8
40 N.
'J'rinidad, a feaport of Ctiba, in a bay
on the s part of the illand, 40 miles sw
of Spiritu Santo. Lon. i)o 3 w, lat. at
58 N.
Trinidad, a town of New Granada,
feated on the Madalena, 58 miles nw
of St. Fc de Bogota.
Trinidada, three rocky iilets in the
Atlantic ocean, 200 leagues e of Spj,
ritu Santo, in Brafil. The largeft is
not three miles in circumference, and
the Portuguefe keep a fmall garrifon
here to prevent a contraband trade witb
the Brafils. Lon. 29 35 w, lat. 20 308.
Trinity, a feaport on the N fide of
Martinico, with a fpacious and fafe har-
bour, and a confiderable trade. Lon.
61 8 w, lat. 14 53 N.
Trino, a town of Piedmont, in Mont-
fcrra^, formerly a ftrong place, but the
fortifications are for the itinft part de-
moliOjed. It is eight miles nw of
Trinomaly, a town of Hindooftan, in
the Carnatic, near which the troops of
Hydcr Alley were defeated by the Bri-
tilh in 1768. It is 45 miles ssw oi
Arcot, and 52 www of Pondichcrry.
Trtpatorc, a town of Hindooftan, in
Marawar, 36 miles ene of Madura, and
58 sw of Tanjore.
Tripoli, a country of Barbary, bound-
ed on the N bv the Mediterranean, e by
Barca, s by 1 czzan, and w by Biledul-
gerid and Tunis. It is not very fertile,
and the e part is quite a defert. It is
92; miles along the coaft, but the
breadth is various. It had the title of
a kingdom, but is now a republic, go-
verned by a dey, under the protedioa
of the Turks.
Tripoli, a city and feaport of Bar-
bary, capital of a country of the fame
name, with a caftle and a fort. The
inhabitants are noted pirates. It was
taken by emperor Charles v, who fet-
tled the knights of Rhodes here; but
they were expelled by the Turks in
151; r. It was formerly very flonrifli-
ing, and has now fome trade in afhes,
oftriches fe.ithers, andlkins} hut they
gain more by the Chriftians taken at
lea; for they either fet high ranfims
on them, or fell them for flaves. Tri-
poli is feated on the Mediterranean,
iurroundcd by a wall, 275 miles be of
Tunis, and 570 ese of Algiers. Lon.
13 5 ••'>'*»* 3a M N.
Trit
Vripoli, a town of Syria, on the Me-
diterranean, defended by a citadel.
There is one handfome mofque. and all
the houfes have fountains belonging to
them,
increafes
choke u|
miles w
round pi|
land by .
bulwark I
the refidJ
verns the!
is a great!
other fn
poli con]
filk, whi
is 90 mil«l
of Scandl
50 N.
Tripuri
the provil
at a little!
feated onl
ofDarapt
TrUU
coaft of '
peachy, fi
on the E
It is I g m
lat. 18 15
Tristan
Atlantic
The land
gradually
ifland (wl
mountain)
of a modi
coaft is fi
penguins,
w, lat. 37
Tritchin
in the Can
wall, flanl
paflVd by
Englifh in
Tanjore, a
78 46 E, li
Trivadi
Carnatic.
It is a6 mi
Trivent
Molife, ft
Tr^no, 1
Trochtei
fituaie on
Buchau, a
Tro^^n,
chut plac
canton of
turt!R of <
fpring. I
penzel.
Troj<i,
nata, on 1
of Bcneve
Troii 1
Trakif
i w, lat. 8
>a, in a bay
|.o miles sw
w, lat. ar
1^ Granada,
miles Nw
lets in the
1 E of Spi-
; largeft is
rence, and
ill garrifoa
trade witb
it. 2o 308.
N fide of
id faf« har-
ade. Lon.
:, in Mont-
:e, but the
ft part de-
es NW of
dooftan, in
; troops of
>y the Br).
es bsvv ot
cherry,
dooftan, in
adura, and
bound-
lean, E by
Biledul-
y fertile,
L-rt. It is
but the
title of
iblic, go-
irotedioK
of Bar-
ic fame
trt. The
It was
who fct-
ere ; but
urks in
flonrifli-
m afln'S,
)Ut they
takfn at
ranfoms
18. Tri.
rranean,
les 6E of
Lon.
the Mc-
citadcl.
and all
igiiig to
TRO
them. Before it is a fand-bink, which
increafes fo much» that it is exocAed to
choke up the harbour, i)vhicn is two
miles w of the town, and formed by a
round piece of land, united to the main-
land by an ifthmus. On each fide is a
bulwark to defend the entrance. It ia
the refidence of a bathaw, who alfo go-
verns the territory about it, where there
is a great number of mulberry-trees, and
other fruits. The commerce of Tri-
poli confifts almoft wholly in coarfe
filkj which is made ufe of for laces. It
is 90 miles nw of Damafcus. and ijo s
of Scanderdon. Lon. 36 20 e, lat. 34
50 N.
Tripuray a town of Hindooftun, in
the province of Coimbetore, with a fort
at a little diftance, called Palar. It is
feated on the Noyelar, %f miles nmw
ofDaraporam.
'Fr'ut, an ifland of Mexico, on the
coaft of Tabafco, in the bay of Cam-
peachy, feparated by a narrow channel,
on the K, from the ille of Port Royal.
It is ig miles in circuit. Leo. 92 45 w,
lat. 18 15 N.
Tristan ,-^\1..!nha, an ifland in the
Atlantic ».<,-ean, 15 miles in circuit.
The land is eK'remely high, and rifes
gradually toward the centre of the
ifland (where theie is a lofty conical
mountain) in ridges, covered with trees
of a moderate (ize and height. The
coaft is frequented by fealions, feals,
penguins, and albatrofles. Lon. 15 30
w, lat. 37 9 s.
Tritchinopcli/, a town of Hindooftan,
in the Carnatic, furroundedby a double
wall, flanked with towers, and encom-
paflVd by a ditch. It was taken by the
Englifh in 17^1. It is 30 miles w of
Tanjore, and so8 ssw of Madras. Lon.
78 46 E, lat. 10 49 N.
Trivadi, a town of Hindooftan, in the
Carnatic. The pagoda forms a citadel.
It is a6 miles sw of Fpndicherry.
Trivento, a town of Naples, in the
Molife, feated on a hill, near the river
Trieno, 1 1 miles n of Molife.
1 rochteifint^tn, a town of Suabia,
fituate on the .Smeicha, 16 miles nw of
Buchau, and 29 s of Stutgard.
7Vo^»,atown of Swiflerland, andthe
chief place of the proleftant part ot the
canton of Appenzel. It has manufac-
tun?s of «k)th, and near it is a mineral
fpring. It is feven miles nnf. of Ap-
penzel.
Troja, a town of Naples, in Capila-
nata, on the river Chilaro, 32 miles enb
of Bcnevento, and 60 nw of Naples.
Trns Rivierfs- Sec Three Rivers.
Trekif a town of Lithuania, ci^tal
TRO
of a palatinate of the fame name. It !•
feated among lakes, if miles w of
Wilna, and 8 j xve of Orodno. Lon.
25 la K. iiit. 54 38 M.
Trolhattat a town of Sweden, in W
Gothland, feated on the Gotha, which
here forms feveral cafcades that after-
ward unite into a cataraft upward of
60 feet in height. Here is alfo a canal
for veflelsto pnfs by thefe falls, wrought
through the midft of rocks, and deemed
one of the boldtft works of the kind in
the world. It is 45 miles kne of
Gotheburg.
Tron, St. a town of the Netherlands,
in the territory of Liege, with a Bene-
di(5lint abbey, ai miles nw of Liege.
TropeOi a town of Naples, in Cala-
bria Ulteriore, feated on a high rock, on
the gulf of St. Eufemia, 10 miles nw of
Nicotera.
Trope^i St. a fcaport of France, In
the department of V'ar, with a citadel ;
feated on a bay of the Mediterranean,
38 miles en E of Toulon. Lon. 6 40 B,
lat. 43 16 N.
Troppau, a ftrong town of Silelia,
capital of a principality of the fame
name, which belongs partly to Auftria
and partly to Pruflia. Here is an an-
cient palace of the princes, three church-
es, a college, four convents, and a com-
mandery of the order of St. John. It
was taken by the Pruffians in 1741 and
1756, but rcftored to the houfe of Auf-
tria by ;i treaty fubfequent to each cap-
ture ; and it is the feat of 1 ?gency for
all the Bohemian part of Silelia. In
1758, the grcateft part of the town was
dcltroyed by tire. It ftands in a fruitful
country, on the river Opp,;, 40 mileB
NE of Olmutz, and 90 ssk of Bieflau.
1JM1. 17 54 >•:, Int.' 49 52 .V.
/'roja, a feaport of Sweden, in Suclev-
mania, leated on the B iltic, 35 miles sw
of Stockholm. Lon. 17 ag e, lit,
'J'rowirii/tre, a town in Wiltfhire, WRfh
amarkf't on Saturday, and conliderable
m.inutadureh of brond cloth and kerfey-
meres. 'rhcnumberofinhabitantsin tSoi
was 5799. It is feated on a hill, hythe
river Wen*, 2.? miles sw of MarU)oro«gh,
and 99 w of London.
Troy, a town of New York, in lenf-
felaer county, on the e lidc of the
Hudfon, three miles s of LanfinbJirg.
'J'rei/ej, a city of France, capital ©f
the departmert of Aub?, and a hilhop's
fee, with a ciftle in which the ancient
counts of Champagne refided. It i^
furrounded by good walls ; but almoin
all the hoifes arc of wood, and good
water is wanting. Its commeroej once
TS C
very floiirifliine, now confifti only in
fome linvni, qimitics, fuftians, wax-
chandlery, candles, and wine. It is
fcati'd on the Seine,- a8 miles b by x of
SenH, Aiul 8» se of Paris. Lon> 451,
lat. 48 i» N.
'J 'rum, A town of SwiflTerland, in the
caiitun of Grifune, fented on the Kliine,
fevcn mik'8 w of Ilantz.
Truro, a borough in Cornwall, go-
▼crned by a mayor, with a market on
Wedncfuay and Saturday. It is a ftan-
narytown, and the chief bufincfs is in
lliipping tin and copper ore, found in
abundance in its neighbourhood. Here,
after the battle of Nafeby, the forces of
Charles i, under lord Hopeton, furren-
dcred to general Fairfax. Truro is
feated between the rivers Kenwyn and
St. Allen, at the he.ad of Falmouth
haven, 10 miles n of Falmouth, and
357 w By s of London.
Truro, a town of Nova Scotia, in
Halifax county, at the head of u narrow
gulf in the bay of Fundy, 40 miles n
by w of Halifax.
Truro, a fiihingtown of MalTachufets,
in BArnftable county, on the N part of
the peninfula of Cape Cod, nine miles s
of Provincetown.
Truxille, a town of Spain, in Eftre-
madura, with a citadel on the top of
a hill. It is the birthplace of the noted
Francis Pizarro, and fituate on the fide
of a hill, near the river Magafca, 70
miles NE of Badajoz, and 90 svr of
Toledo. Lon. 5 43 w, lat- 39 26 n.
TruxiUot a city and feaport of Peru,
in the audience of Lima, and the fee of
a lifliop. It was built by Francis Pi-
r.awo, in 1553. In its territory are
above 50,000 native Americans, who
are tributary to Spain. It is furroundwi
by I wali, and feated in a fertile coun-
try, on a fmall river, near the Pacific
ocffin, 300 miles nw of Lima. Lon.
79 e, w, lat. 8 I s.
truxillo, a feaport of Mexico, in
Hoiduras, on the gulf of that name.
It fands three miles fvon» the lea, be-
tween two vivcra, the mouths of which,
and Tome illands before them, form the
harbour. It is 140 miles nk of Valla-
dolid. Lon. 86 30 w,lat. 15 46 n,
Truxillo, or Nucstra Senoia de la
Paz, a town of Terra Firma, in Ve-
nezuela, 150 miles SE of Maracaybo.
Lon. 7» 15 w, lat. 8 15 n,
Tsamd, a town cf Hui«;ary, on the
river Maros, 23 miles e by s of Segedin.
Tscbcrnaliora, a town of Moravia, in
the circle of Uriii, with a ^aftle on a
mountain, 13 miles nnw of trin.
Tichtrnemt, a town of Ccrtnany, in
TUB
Carniola» M^ith a caftle, and a com*
mandery of the Teutonic order, 33
miles SB of Laubach.
Tschime, a town of Silelia, in the
principality of Gloguu, with a caftle,
and gofkl cloth manufadures, 22 miles
SKE of Glogau.
Tchopau, a town of Upper Saxony,
in Mifnia, celebrated for its blue 'ma-
nufacture. It Hands on a river of tha
fome name, feven miles se of Chem-
nit'^.
Tshetiheri' See K')stt.
Tsiampa. See Ciampa,
Tii-nan, a city of China, capital of
Chang-tong. It is much refpefted by
the Chincfe, on account of its having
been formerly the refidence of a long
fcries of kings, whofe tombs rifing on
the neighbouring mountains, afford a
beautiful profped. It is feated on the
river Tfi or Tfing-ho, 230 miles s by e
Peking. Lun. 117 25 E, lat. 36 46 N.
Tsi'tt'tng, a city of China, of the fc-
cond rank, in Chang-tong, fituate on
the grand canal, 275 miles s of Peking.
Lon. 116 24 E, lat. 35 24 If.
Tsin-tcheou, a city of China, of the
fird rank, in Chang-tong, 250 miles sse
of Peking. Lon. 1 19 2 e, lat- 36 40 n.
Tjong-ming, an ifland of China, 15
miles long and 10 broad, lying at the
mouth of the Kian-ku, and feparated
from the province of Kiang-nan, by
two channels, 13 miles broad. Its
principal revenue arifes from fait, which
IS made in fuch abundance, on the n
fide of the ifiand, that it can fupply
moft of the neighbouring coimtries. It
contains only one city, of the third
clafs, but villages are very numerous.
The country is delightful, and inter-
fc«5\ed by many canals. The city, of
the fame name, is fituate at its se end.
Lon. 121 55 fi, lat. 30 15 N.
, Tsongrad, a town or Hungary, ca-
pital of a county of the fame name ;
iValt'd on theTeiile, oppofitc the inlUu
of the Koros, 26 miles N of Segedin.
V'toJOT, a city of lielaudi In the county
of Galway, and an archbilhop's fee,
tlunigh now a fmall place. The ca-
thedral fei ves as a parilh church. It is
ao miles nne of Galway, and 25 wsw
of Rofcommon.
Tuban, one of the ftrongeft towns ot
Java, with a harbour, and a king of its
own. It is feated on the n coaft of the
ifl.and. Lon. i ; i 5 1 e, lat. 60s.
Tubingen, a town of Suabia, in the
duchy of Wirtembcrg, with a celebrated
univerfity, and a fortified caftle on a
mountain. Here are good fluff manu-
factures } and in the townhpufe is a
T V E
very curious clock. It is feated on the
Neckar, in a country abounding in
corn and wine, ao miles » of Stutgard,
and 50 E by s of Strafburg. Lon. 9
lb F., lat. 48 3s K.
Tucuman, an cxtenfive province of S
America, lying between Chili and Pa-
raguay* to the E of the Andes, and w
of Rio de la Plata. This province, with
the country s of the river Plata, forms
an exteniivc plain, almoft without a
tree. Thft foil is a deep fertile mould,
watered by many ftreams from the
Andes, and clothed in perpetual ver-
dure. In this rich pafturage, the horfes
and cattle imported from Europe have
multiplied to an almoft incredible de-
gree. This hds enabled the inhabitants,
not only to open a lucrative trade with
Peru, by I'upplying it with cattle,
horfes, anct mules, but to carry on a
commerce, equally beneficial, by the
exportation of hides to Europe ; not-
withftanding which, the towns in this
country are no better than paltry vil-
Jages, to which the Spai)iaids have en-
deavoured to add Ibme dignity, by
eredting them into bilhoprics. Tucu-
man is in the jurifdidion of the vice-
royalty of Buenos Ayrcs.
I'tideloi a town of Spain, in Navarre,
with a caRle. A battle Wits fought here,
in 1808, between the Spaniards and
French, in which the latter were vic-
torious. It is feated in a country that
produces good wine, on the river Ebro,
44 miles s of Pamplona, and too e of
Burgos. Lon. i 38 w, lat. 411a n.
'VWr, a government of Kuflia, for-
merly a province in the government of
Ni)vogorod. It was the firft province
modelled according to the code of
laws of Catharine 11. The country pro-
duces abundantly all kinds of corn
and vegetables. Its forefts yield the
Bioft valuable timber. The quadru-
pi-ds, and the feathered race, are the
lame as in all the n of Europe. Belide
the fillies common to moft lakes, and
rivers, there is one peculiar to the
waters of ihefe northern regions, called
the fterlet, the acipettser rutbenus of
Linne, and is a fpecies of fturgeon,
highly efteemed for the flavour of its
llefli, and for its roe^ of which the
rjfieii ctviar is made.
Tver, a city of lluflia, capital of a
government of the fame name, and an
archbifhop's fee, with a fortiefs. It is
a place of conildorable commerce, being
icited at the conflux of the Tverza and
Volga, along which is conveyed all the
merchandife fent by water from laiberia,
TUI. '
and the s provinces, toward Peterfburg.
It is divided into the old and new town :
the former, fituate on the nppolite fide
of the Volga, confiftg almoft entirely of
wooden cottages ; the latter having*
been deftroyed by a conflagration, in
1769, has rifen with luftre from ita
alhes. Catharine 11, at her own ex-
pence, raifed the governor's houfe, the
epifcopal palace, the courts of jullice,
the exchange, the prifon, and fome
other public edifices ; a/id to every
perfon who engaged to build a houfe of
brick, flie oH'ered a loan of 300I. for
twelve years, without intereft. Thr
ftreets are broad and long ; extending,
in ftraight lines, from an o<itagon in the
centre : the houfesof this odtagon, and
of the principal ftreets, are of brick,
ftuccoed white, and make a magnificent
appearance. Here is an eccleiiaftical fe-
minary, which admits 600 ftudents. In
1776, the emprefs founded a fchool for
the inftrudlionofaoo burghers children;
and, in 1779, an academy for the edu-
cation of 1 2o of the young nobility of
the province. Tver is 99 miles nnw
of Mofcow. Lon. 36 5 b, lat. 56 7 N.
Tuggurt, a town of Barbary, capital
of a country lying s of Algiers. It is
3 10 miles ssE of Algiers. Lon. 5 jo e,
lat. 32 40 N.
Tuggurt, a town of Zahara, capital of
a diflrift called Wadreag. It is 420
miles NF. of TombuAoo. Lon. 6 15 e,
lat. ao 35 N.
Tula, a government of Ruflia, for-
merly a province of the government of
Mofcow. Its capital, of the fame name,
has mahufa(5tures of fire.arms and lea-
ther, and is feated on the Upha, 115
miles s by w of Mofcow. Lon. 37 34
B, lat.
54 10 N.
Tulebrast a town of Spain, in Na-
varre, litnale on the Queios, feven miles
w of Tudela.
TidUnnore, a town of Ireland, in
Kings county, on a river of the fame
name, and near the great canal, 10 miles
w by s of Philipflown.
Tulle, a town of France, capital of the
department of Correze, and lately a
bilhop's fee. The cathedral is famous
for its fleeplc, which is very high and
cuiious. It is feated at the conflux of
the Correze and Solane, in a country
furrounded by mountains and precipi-
ces, 37 miles SSE of Limoges, and 6a
bw of Clermont. Lon. 1 42 e, lat. 45
16 N.
Tullow, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Carlow, eight miles ese of
Carlow, and 33 ssw of Dublin.
TUN
Tnbi, a tjBwn of Auftria, md n bi*
fliitp's (ee }'fe4tcd nen* the Danubei 15
■ailes WNW of Vienna.
'J'ulsi, a borough of IreUnd, in the
county of Rofcommon, niue miics N of
Kofcuinmoa.
'J'umSns, a town uf Peru, in the au>
dij-ncc of Quito, where the Spaniards
firft landed in thcfc parts, under Pi/ar-
To. It was tlir-n a place of fom« note,
diftinpiuiihedl by a (lately temple, and
a palace of the incas or fuvercigns of the
country. It is I'eated on a river of the
feme name, vhich flows into the bay of
Guayaquil, .170 miles s byw ot Quito.
Lon. 79 j I vr , lat. 3 40 ;>.
Tumcurih a town of Hindooftan, in
Myfore, with a well-built fort. It has
about 600 hmifes, and (lands in u fine
open country, 32 miles sk of Sera.
Tumetiy a town of Siberia, in the pro-
vince of Tobollk, ijo miles wsw of
Tobolflc.
'funbridget n town in Kent, with a
market on Friday, feated on the Tun,
one of the live branches of the Medwny,
over each of which is a Itoiie bridge.
Here are the ruins of a Inrge cnflle,
cre^ed by Richard, earl of Clare, na-
tural fan of Richard i, duke of Nor-
mandy; and here is a famous freefchool,
founded by fir Andrew Judd, lord
mayor of London, in 155 r- It is 13
miles wsw of Maidfton'c, and 30 sse
of London.
Tunbrldge If'ellt, a town in Kent,
much reforted to on account of its cha-
lybeate waters, difcovcred in 1606, by
Dudley lord North, who recovered
from a deep confumption by drinking
them. It is feated at the bottom of
three hills, called Mount Sinai, Mount
Ephruim, and Mount Pleafant, on which
are fcattered fomegood houfes, orchards,
and gardens ; and as the country is
naturally wild, the effedt of the whole is
romantic and pidlurefque. Here are all
thcbuildings requifuefor the accommo-
dation of the nobility and gentry, with a
chapel of eafe, a market, and Ihops
noted for their elegant turnery ware.
One mile and a half from the wells arc
fome rocks, which in fome parts are 75
feet high, the mean height 40, with fur-
priQng clefts andchafms between them,
that they have the appearance of the
hulks of large men of war, ranged clofe
together. The wells are five miles s
«>f Tunbridge, and 35 sse of London.
Tunginskoi, a town of Ruffia, fituate
•o the Irkut, 80 miles sw of Irkutfk.
Lon. 103 15 £,lat. 51 t8 N.
Tumt a towa of New Granada, ca-
T U N
pital ef a diflriA of the fame name.
Near it are mine* of gold and emeraldt.
It id feated in A fertile valley, 90 miles
N by B of St. F^ de Bogota. Lon. 73 t
w, lat- 5 20 N.
Ttmkatt a town of Weftern Tartary,
In Turkeftan, feated in a largo plain, on
the river Ilak, near its conflux with the
Sirr, too miles ik uf 'I'ara/. Lon. 67
40 ►, lat. 43 30 N.
Tunis, a country of Barbary, bounded
on the N and v. by the Mediterranean,
s by Tripoli and Biledulgerid, and w ky
Algiers. It extends 200 miles from
N tu s, and 120 from k to w. This
country was formerly a monarchy, but
in 1574 it becamv a republic, under tKe
protedion of the Turks, and pays a
certain tribute to the bafhaw that re-
fides at Tunis. The foil in the e part
is but indifferent, for want of water.
Toward the middle, the mountains and
valleys aboimd in fruits ; but the w part
is the mod fertile, being watered by
rivers. The environs of Tunis are very
dry, and corn Js generally dear; but
there are plenty of citrons, lemons»
oranges, dates, grapes, and other fruits ;
alfo olive trees, rofes, and odoriferous
plants. In the woods and mountains
arr lions, bifons, oftriches, monkeys,
roebucks, hares, pheafants, partridges,
and other fortt of birds and beads.
The principal rivers are the Guadil-
carbar, Magrida, Magerada, and Caps.
The form of government is by a divan,
or council, whofe prefident is the bey.
The members of the divan are chofcn
by the bey. The inhabitanu are a
mixture of Moors, Turks, Arabs, Jews,
and Chriftians, merchants and flaycsj
and they carry on a great trade in linen
and woollen cloth, Morocco leather,
gold duR, lead, horfes, oil, foap, and
oftriches eggs and feathers. The ef-
tabliflied religion is Mahometanifm.
All public inftruments are written in
the Arabic tongue, but commerce is
ufually carried on by that of the Linqua
Franca.
Tunis, a city and the capital of the
country of the fame. It ftands on a
point of the gulf Goletta, furrounded
by lakes -ind marilies. It is in the form
of an oblong fquare, five miles in cir#
cumference, with a lofty wall, five gate?,
and 3.5 raofqiies. The houfes are all
built of ftone, though but one (lory
high ; and it has a citadel on an emi-
nence, on the w fide of the city.
Without the walls arc two fuburbs,
which contain 100 houfes. Within
the walls are iO}7oofamiHes> and above
Soootrai
cuimcilo
lace, whe
bour has
is well fui
have nint
|[reat nut
IS a place
nufadlwei
red caps
It is 10 m
'J'ripoli, at
«6 K, lat.
Ttvikers
lureoin,
partment
under the
by the Frx
NNK of Li
Turcoma
Afia, now
Turettn4,
partment c
miles ssw <
unn, a
lately the i
king of Su
fee. It is
partment o
plain, at tl
with the Po
the ftronge(
fity founded
•f Savoy. T
among whi(
moft fpacio
fome, and i
eactk fide. '
built, unifoi
on fome ag
di Po, the
the late roy
with piazza:
various othe
which are 1
canal from t
flow througli
inhabitants a
The palace (
ftrudlures, jc
in which an
and antiquit
citadel is a r
prehends an
ed arfenal,. a
mical laborr
walks on the
city ; fine g
river Po ; aix
called the C
alTemble in a
Iclves and tl
city, on the
beautiful caft
le nam«.
.■mt'ralda-
90 mikB
Lon. 73 t
Tartary,
plain, on
with the
Lon. 67
, bounded
xTranean,
andw ky
ilM froii
w. Thii
rchy, but
under tKe
[)d pays a
V that re-
he K part
of water,
ntaint and
the w part
aterrd by
is are very
dear; but
I, lemons*
her fruits ;
tdoriferous
mountains
monkeys,
partridges,
ind beads,
e Guadil-
and Caps.
>y a divan*
is the bey.
are chofen
mU are a
rabs, Jews,
nd flavcsj
de in linen
ieather«
foap, and
The ef-
imetanifm-
Iwritten in
mcrce is
Ihe Linqua
lital of the
Inds on a
turrounded
I the form
lies in cir*
Tfive gates,
les are all
J one ftory
In an emi-
the city,
fuburbs,
Within
land above
T U R
jeoo tradt fm«;n's fliops. The divan, or
council i)f (late, aflcnibles in an old pa-
lace, where the bey refides. Tlie har-
bour has a very narrow entrance, which
is well furtifiecl. The MahDmetans here
have nine colleges t'nr ftudents, and a
great number of ^'mailer fchools. Tunis
15 a place of great trade, and has ma-
nufadlures of vilvets, filks, linen, aiul
red caps worn by the common people.
It is ic miles from the fea, 275 nw of
Tripoli, and ^bo v. uf Algiers. Lon. 10
16 E, lat. 364; N.
Tttnkentc -xn. See Eplirata.
Turcoin, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Nord, where the allies,
under the duke of York, were defeated
by the French in 1794. It is Itx mile:)
NNK of Lille.
Turcomania, a province of Turkey in
Afia, now called ArmsHia.
Turmru, a town of France, in the de-
partment ofCorrcEe, with a c.iftle, i6
miles ssw of Tulle.
'lurin, a fortified city of Pii'dmont,
lately the refidence of its fovereign the
king of Sardinia, and an urchbi (hop's
fee. It is now the capital of the de-
partment of Po, and flands in a fertile
plain, at the confluence of the Oorii
with the Po. Here is a citadel, deemt il
the ftrongeft in Europe ; and a univer-
fity founded in i^^, by Amadeo duke
af Savoy. There arc many large fquaros,
among which that of St. Charles is the
molt rp.-tcious : the buildings are hand-
fome, and it has cxtenfive arcades ou
mtcl^ fide. Mod of the ftreets are well
built, uniform, (Iraight, and terminate
on fome agreeable objeft : the Strada
<li Po, the fined and larged, leads to
the lute royal palace, and is adonied
with piazzas, filled with fltops ; as are
various others of the belt drcets ; all of
which are kept clean by means of a
canal from the Doria, with fluices that
flow through them into the Po. The
inhabitants are computed to be 80,000.
The palace confids of two magnificent
drudtures, joined together by a gallery,
in which are feveral pitflures, datues,
and antiquities of great value. The
citadel is a regular pentagon, and com-
prehends an cxtenfive and well-furniih-
ed arfenal, a cannon foundery, a chy-
roical laboratory. Sic- There are fine
walks on the ramparts and witlls of the
city ; fine gardens on the fide of the
river Po ; and a charming public place
called the Corfo, where many people
aflemble in an evening to exhibit them-
felves and their equipage. Near this
city, on the banks of the Po, is the
beautiful caftle of Valuutin, the garden
T U R
of which il applied to botanical lludiet.
The French befieged this city in 1706;
but prince Eugene defeated their army,
and compelled them to raifetheficge. In
1798, the French republican army took
poU'cilion of Turin, feized all the ftrong
places and arfenals of Piedmont, aii4
obliged the king and his family to re-
move totheifland of Sardinia. In 1799,
the French were driven out ^y the Auf-
trians and Kuflians ; but fliortly after-
ward the city and all Piedmont fur-
rendered to the French. Turin is 68
miles NW of Genoa, and 80 sw of Milan.
Lon- 7 40 K,lal. 45 4 N.
Tiiri/ixe, a town of Sweden, in the
province of Sudermunlund, 24 uiilet
wsw of Stockholm.
Tnrinsk, a town of Ruflia, in the
povt'rnment of Tobolfk, with a fort, 190
miles vv by s of Tobollk. Lon. 63 44
E,lat. 58 5 N.
'/'urivucaiy/t a town of Hindooftan,ia
Myforc, coiifidinR of an outer and inner
fort, drongly det nded by a ditch and
uiiid wall, and an open fuburb at a
little didance. Here arc two fmaU
temples of curious workmanOiip. It it
34 miles s of Sera, .ind 50 N of Seringa-
patam.
Ttiriestatif a country of Wedeni
Tartary, b. undcd on the Nand e by the
country of the Kalmucs, s by Bokharia
and w by the lake Aral. The chief of
this country is gentraliy called the
khan of the Karakalpahs. The capital
is Taraz.
Turkey, a large cmpire,extcnded over
part of Europe, Alia, and Africa. Tur-
key in Europe is bounded on tht- n by
Croatia, ScUvonia, Hungary, Tranfif-
vania, and Poland, e by New Ruflia,
the Black fea, the fea of Marmora, and
the Archipelago, s by the Mediterra-
nean, and w by that fea and the Vene-
tian and Audrian territories. It con-
tains Moldavia, BelTarbia, Walachia»
Bulgaria, Servia, Bofnia,part of Croatia
and Dalmutia, Romania, Macedonia,
Albania, Janna, Livadia, and the .Morea.
Thefe countries lie between jyand 40
E lon. and 36 and 49 n lat. Turkey in
Alia is bounded on the n by the Biack
fea and Circaflia, e by Perfia, s by
Arabia, anil w by the Mediterranean
and the fea of Marmora. It lies between
z; and 46 e lon. and a 8 and 45 ?; lat.
and contains f le countries of Irac-Arabi,
Diarbek, Curdidan, Armenia, Carama-
nia, Natolia, and Syria, with Haledine.
In Africa, the Turks have Egypt, part
of Nubia, and Barca ; and the dates
of Tripoli, Tunis, and Algiers ai-e v\nder
their protsiition. Of thefe countries
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Photographic
Sciences
Corporation
23 WEST MAIN STREET
WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580
(716) 87^-4503
v
k
V
WA'\
^'• <!* \ Wk\
^
'^f^
'^'
T U R
(which fee refpedlively) the dima'e,
I>roduAion6, maitners« &c. muft be va-
riou8. The Turks are generally robuft»
well {liaped,and of a good mien. They
fliave their heads, but wear long beards,
except thofe in the feraglio, or palace,
and militaiy men, who wear only whif-
kers. The turban worn by the men is
white, and confifts of long pieces of
thin linen made up together in feveral
folds. No one but a Turk muft prc-
fume to wear a white turban. Their
clothes are long and fill;. They fit, eat,
and fleep on the floor, on cufhions,
matrafles, and carpets- In general,
they are very moderate in eating, ami
their meals are difpatched with great
hafte.Theirprincipaliood isrice; and the
frugal repaft is followed byfruit and cold
water, which arefucceeded by hot coffee,
and pipes with tobacco. With opium
they procure what they call a ^'-f or
placid intoxication. Chefs and draughts
are favourite games; and the cotfee-
houfes and baths furniih other fources
of amufement. Polygamy is allowed
among them ; but their wives, properly
fc called, are no more than four in num-
ber. The fair fex here are kept under
a rigorous confinement : the Arabic
word Haram, which fignifies a facred
or prohibited thing, is, in its fulleft
fenfe, ufei both of the habitation of the
women, and of the women themfelvcs.
The Turks believe in one God, and that
his great prophet is. Mahomet: they
appropriate to themfelves the name of
Mnflemim, which has been corrupted
into Muflelman, fignifying perfons pro-
iefling the dodlrine of Mahomet, which
he calls Iflam. Drinking wine is pro-
hibited by this prophetin thcKoran.yet
the "f urks make ufe of it occafionally,
without any fcruple ; though inftead of
.«t they generally ufe (herbet, a liquor
n.?de of honey, fpices, and the juice of
fruits. They expend great fums oh
fountains, not only in the towns, but in
the country, and other folitary places,
for the reireihment of travellers and
labourers. They are charitable toward
ftrangers, let their religion be what it
will ; and no nation fuifers adverfity
with greater patience than they. Th*;
grand fignior is abfolute mafter of the
goods and lives of his fubjedls, info-
much that they are little better than
flaves. The grand vizier is the chief
next the emperor ; but it is a dangerous
place, for he often depofes' them, and
takes off their beads ht his pleafure.
Though the grand fignior has fuch pro?
digious power, he feldom extends it to
perfons in private life, for thefe may
TU S
remain as quiet as in any other part of
th world. The nobility amofig the
Turks are the chief military officers,
judges, and ecclefiaftics. The begler-
bogs or viceroys, the bafliaws or go-
vernors, the fangiacs or deputy-gover-
nors, and the officers of ftate, are, in
general, the children of Chriftian parents,
who are commonly taken in war, or
purchafed. The Turks have always
very numerous armies on foot, the
chief of which are the janifaries, who
have been bred in the feraglio, and have
ufed military difcipline from their in-
fancy. Of thefe they have always
a5,ooo,atid there may be about 100,000,
who have that nsme. The tributary
princes, as the princes of Moldavia and
Walachia, are obliged alfo to fend
auxiliaries. The whole Turkilh army
mal^e^ above 300,0-. o men. Their
navy, which is laid up at Conftantino-
plej confifts of about 40 large Ihips ;
but in time of war auxiliary ftiips are
received from Algiers, 'I'unis^ and Tri-
poli ; they alfo buy up or hire merchants
(hips, and thus raife a fleet of 150 fail,
exclufive of gallies. Conftantinople is
the capital of all Turkey.
Turkheim. See DuriheitH'
Turiin, a town of Rufllia, in the go-
vernment of Caucafia, fituate on the
Cafpian fea, 140 miles s of Aftracan.
Lon. 47 15 E, lat. 44 15 N.
Turnagain, Cape, a cape on the e fide
cf the northern ifland of New Zealand.
Lon. 176 56 E, lat. 40 28 s.
Tumau, a town of Bohemia, in the
circle of B'mtzlau, on the river Ifcr, 1%
miles NNE of Jung Butzlau.
Turnhout, a town of the Netherlands,
in Brabant, hear which, in 1596, prince
Maurice of Naflau, with only 800 horfe,
totally defeated the Spaniards, confift-
ing of 6000. It is 24 miles ne of Ant-
werp.
Turon, a feaport of Cochinchtna,
fituate on a bay of the fame name,
which affords a fafe retreat for the
largeft fhips in the moft tempeftuous
feafon. In the vicinity are plantations
of fugar-canes and tobacco. Turon is
40 miles SE of Hue. Lon. 107 40 £, lat.
16 N.
Tursi, an epifcopal town of Naples,
in Bafilicata, on the river Sino, eight
miles w of the gulf of Tarento, and 30
s of Matera. Lon 16 32, E,lat. 40 z$ i<.
Tuscany t a country of Italy, lately a
grand duchy, belonging to the houfe of
Auftria. It is i to miles long and 80
broad ; bounded on the N and B by
the Ecclefiaftical State, s by the Me-
diterranean, and w by that fea^ the
territdry 1
Befide th
to the v\
the territ
dena, and
into threi
Pifano, an
feveral riv
chief. Tl
which an
vitriol 'f al
bafter, am
and miner,
are fruitfiu
duce picnt
granates, ;
gathered i
iea, and th
habitants a
tachment
tabliflied )
cularly off
gilt leathei
by foreignt
litenefs, ai
gtiage is h(
rity. Johri
Tulcany, r,
'" '737» wi
By the trea
peror of Ge
mifed Tufc
to don Carl
the neareft
\vhen the :
Sicily was (
renounced
favour of F:
an equivalei
h3d ceded t(
to Lhe granc
raifed to t
Germany i
Tufcany bei
of Auftria.
of the Frei
archduke Ft
iip Tufcany
thefon oftl
the French
n?me of the
it was forn
treaty of L
capital.
Tfisis, at(
canton of G
rentNolIa, 1
Tutbury,
neir the riv
Burton. It
manufa(51ure
caftle, of w
fmall part of
TUT
territdry of Lucca, and the Modenefe.
Befide this, a fitiall part of the duchy,
to the HW, is incio&d by the fea and
the teiritories of Genoa, Parma, Mo-
dena, nnd Lucca. Tuicany is divided
into three provincc3, the Florentino,
Pifano, and Sieniiefe. It io watered by
feveral rivers, of which the Amo iS the
chief. There are feveral mountains, in
which are mines of iron, alum, and
vitriol °( alfo quarries of marble, ah-
bafter, and porphyry, befidc hot baths
and mineral waters. .Many parts of it
arc fruitful in corn and wine, and pro-
ducc plenty of citrons, oranges, pome«
granates, and other fruits. Manna is
gathered in the marfliy lands near the
fea, and the fait pits are rich. The in-
habitants are diftinguiihed by their at-
tachment to commerce, and have ef-
t^biiflied varioUl '^anofaAures, parti-
cularly of lilks,ftufrs, earthen ware, and
gilt leather. They are much vifited
by foreigners, on account of their po- •
litenefs, and becaufe the Ttalian lan-
guage is here fpol>en in its greateft pu-
rity. Johri Gafton, the laft duke of
Tulcany, cf the houfe of Medici, died
■It <7J7> without leaving any heirs male.
By the treaty of London, 1718, the em-
peror of Germany, Charles vi, had pro-
mifed Tufcany, as a (ief of the empire,
to don Curlost infant of Spain, as being
the neareft male heir; but, in 1735,
when the fovereignty of Naples and
Sicily was confirmed to that prince, he
renounced his right to Tufcany, in
favour of Francis, duke of Lorrain, as
an equivalent for that duchy, which he
h^d ceded to France. Francis fucceeded
to ihe grand duchy jn 1735, and he was
raifed to the dignity of emperor of
Germany in 1745, by which means
Tufcany became annexed to the houfe
of Auftria. J(n 1 801, on the afcendency
of the French in Italy, the Auftrian
archduke Ferdinand was obliged to give
up Tufcany to a prince of Sp;iin, Louis
the fon of the duke of Parma, to whom
the French gave the fovci-eignty by the
m>me of the kingdom of Etruria ; and
it was formally ceded to him by the
treaty of Luneville. Florence is the
capital.
Tusht a town of Swiflerland, in the
canton of Grifons, fea' > I near the tor-
rent Nolla, J 6 miles s by w of Coire.
Tutbury, a village in ^Jtaffordftiirc,
nehr the river Dosi, four miles HW of
Burton. It has a conliderable cotton
manufadlure, and formerly had a large
caftle, of which feveral fcowers and a
Tmall part of the wall ftill remain.
T Y N
TutacoHn, a 4own of Hindooftan, !•
the Carnatic, where the Dutch had a
factory; feated on the gulf of Manara*
a9 miles B by M of PaUuncotta, and 67
s of Madura. ' /
Tuttingettf a town of Suabia, with a
cadle un a mountain, belonging to the '
duchy of Wirtemberg. Near it is the
celebrated foundery of Ludwigfthal. It
is feated on tlie Danube, oyer which it
a bridge, 58 miles'' ssw of Stutgard.
Lon. H 48 £. lat. 48 a K.
Tutura, a town of Ruflia* in the gO*
vernment of Irkutfl), iituate on the
Lena, 160 miles M of Irkutfk. Lou.
J05 40 E, lat. 54 40 N.
fuxford, a town in Nottinghamihire,
with a market on Monday, 13 miles
NNW of Newark, and .137 n by w of
London.
Tuyt a town of Spain, in G^licia, and
a bifliop's fee. It is fur rounded by
walls a(td ramparts, and we^ fumiflied
with artillery, being a froittier town
toward Portugal. It (lands on a moun-
tain, near the river Minho, 58 miles s
of Compuftella, and 260 wnw of Ma-
drid. Lon. 8 32 w, lat. Aa 4 N.
Tuzlof a town of AfiatTc Turkey, in
Caramania, fituate at the weftcrn ex-
tremity of a lake to which it gives name,
a8 miles n of Cogni.
Tweed, a river of Scotland, which
rifes from numerous fprings in the s
part of Peeblesflure, called Tweedfmuir-
It divides that county almoft into two
equal parts, croflTes the n part of SeU
kirkfhire and Koxburglhire, then forms
the boundary between Berwickdiire
and England, and enters the German
ocean, at Berwick.
Tnueedmautb, a town in the detached-
part of Durham called lilandfhire,
iituate on the Tweed, at the s end of
Berwick bridge, and may be deemed a
fuborb to that borough.
Twickenham, a village in Middlefex,
feated on the Thames, three miles ssw
of Brentford. It is adorhed with many-
handfome villas, of which two are par-
ticularly celebrated : that which vfk%
the favorite refidence of iPope ; and
Strawberry Hill, the elegant Gothic,
retreat of the late Horace Walpole, earl
of Orford.
Tycokxin, a town of Poland, in Po-
lachia, feated on the Narew, la miles
NwofBielik,.
Tydore, one of the Molucca iflands,
three leagues s of Ternate.
Tync, a river in Northumberland,
formed of a branch from the e part of
Cumbcrlaind) and another from this hiilt
Zz
TY.V
««i the bnrdero of isootland. Thtfc
uniting a little abov« Hexham, form a
Im^e river, w^ich flbws by Ncwcaftle,
and entecs th« G«nnau ocean, at Tync-
mouth.
fyiff ■ riv^r of Scotland, inHadding-
tnhfliire, <vhich rifee on the borders of
Xdinburglhire, Rows by Haddington,
atid enters the German ocean to thu w
of Dunbar.
Tvnennttfk, a town in Northumber-
land, near the mouth of the- Tyne, nine
miles BNE of Newcaftle. It has a caAle
ftited on a high rock, inaccefTible on
the feafide; a Itrong fort that com>
mands the entrance of the river ; and
caneniive military barracks. A bar lies
acrofs the mouth of the river, with fe-
deral rocks about it called the Black.
Middins, to avoid which there are light-
boufea. Tvnemoutk has fome con-
fiderable ialt works ; and here, and at
Shields, hiive voiTcls take in their load*
ing of coal and goods brought from
Newcaftle.
Tare. See Sun
7y»W, a princely county of Ger-
many, in the circle of Auftria; bound-
edi on the n by Susbia and Bavaria^ e
by the duchies of Salzburg and Cn-
rinthia* s by Italy, and w by Swif-
lerland. Though a mountainous coun-
Oy, its valleys are fertile in com and
wine, and it has an excellent breed of
cattle. It likewife yields fait, all kinds
of ores, and various forts of precious
ftones. Its copper contains not only
flher, but alfo fome gold. The prin-
cipal rivers are the Inn, Adige, and
Eyfiich. The country is divided into
three parts ; Tyrol, properly fo calh.'d,
the principality of Trent, and the prin-
cipality of Brixen. It belonged to th<*
houfe of Auftria, but was overrun by
the French and Bavarians in 1805^; '"^
by the treaty of Prefl)urg was ceded to
Bavaria. Infpruck is the capital.
TjfTom, a county of Ireland, in the
Ii<x>vtnce of yifter, 46 miles long and 37
broad ; bounded on the N by London-
dmy, E by Armagh and Lough Ncagh,
sw by Fermanagh, and w by Donegal.
rt is divided into 35 parilhes, contains
about 28,700 inhabitants, and fends
three members to parliament. It is a
rough country, but tolerably fertile.
The capital is Dnngannon.
Tifsted, a town of Denmark, in N
Jutland, with a citadel ; feated on the
gulf of Lymford, 46 miles w of Alburg.
l.bn. 8 2s E, lat. 56 54 n.
'fyvfff or Teivy, a river of Wales, in
Cardiganlhire^ which ilTaes from a lake
V AD
on thee flde of the county, and flows
by TregannoB, Llan^der, Newcaftle,
and Cardigan, into Cardig.Tn bay.
Tuaritzyn, a town of Ruffia, in the
government of Saratof, feated 00 the
Volga, izomiles NW of Aftrncan. Lon.
45 45 K, lat. 41^0 N.
TzernitKr a town of Eoroppwi Tuti
key, in Romania, near the river Tiirna,
32 miles NNE ofAdrinnopW.
TKtviJsk, a tnwn of RiHta, in the
government of Kafan, 56 milea w of
Kafan, Lon. 4^ 25 R, kit, 55 4a »»..
Izuruc/uitu, Staroi, a town of Rufliff,
in the government of Irkutfk, feated
on the Argiinia, on the borders of China,
i«o miles sEof Nertchinflc. Lon. 119
32 E, lat- 49 18 N.
U. V.
t'aast, St. a town of France, in the
department of Manche, with » fnnall
harbour and fome fait works, 14 miles
ESE of Cherburp.
Vabrei, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Aveiron, lately an epifcopal
fee. It has manufiidupcs of ferges,
dintities, and cottons ; and ftanda at the
conflux of two fmall rivers that flow
into the Tarn, 30 miles ssb of Rodez
and 31 E of Alby.
Viicha, a town of Germany, in Up-
per Hefle, on the river Werra, 40 milej
sE of Caflel.
Fac/ie, an ifland of the W Indies, of a
triangular frtrm, 24 miles hi chcnit. It
i* 13 miles from the s coaft of St. Do«
mingo, oppoflte St. Louis.
Vacheluse, one <tf the Lipari iflandii
three miles s of Stromholi.
Vada, a town of Tufcany, at the
mouth of the Cecina, a6,,milc8 »sb of
Leghorn.
Vadacurray^ a town of Hlndooftan, in
Malabar, with a neat fort on the top of
a h'll« ft i" a placf of confiderable
trade, and ftandson the r'acoafl, .it the
M end of a long inland navigation, i«
miles ssp. of Tellichery-
Fadagary, a town of Hindooftan, in
the province of Madura, 64 miles s»w
of Madura.
Vadittt a towT) of European Turkey,
in Beflarbia, lituate on the Danube, 9*
miles w of Nicopoli.
.I^^o,a'town of the territory of Genoa,
on a bay of the Mediterranean, three
miles s of Savona, and 24 sw of Genoa.
Fadestew, a town of Swedtn, in
Gothland) where the kings of Sweden
Hindooftan, in
64 miles saw
V A L
had i ptlacei flow in niintt Tt !« frat-
td on the )akt;Wctt«r, near the river
>lofai«, 34 mUe» w of Nordkioping.
Vaittttt if ttfwa and caftle ef Suabia^
in the principality ef Lichtenftein, 16
ittittfB t of Lindau
Vaenmt a town of Spain, in Andalu-
tta. feated oif the Caftro, aj miles se
of Cordova.
Vmigatth. See fFaigafz.
yiriketid, a town^ of Ptrfia, in Segef-
t)in» oil a ^rr of the fame name* 40
inile# B8E of Anikhage.
VmbiHgent a town uf Suabia, in the
dttchy or Wirtt'ml»erg. feated on the
£i>z« iS miles N Nw of Stutgard-
Fahmit a town of France, in the de-
partment of Vaocllife ; lately a bifliop's
fee, and ftrbjefl to the pope. H i» fesrt-
ed oi»a moiinfain, near the river Oirze,
and the ruins of ancient VHifun, which
was one of the largeft cities of the
O^uls. It i^ at miles ne of Avignon,
and t.) ssB of M(tntelimar.
Fki, a ftllage of the Netherlands,
th.ee miles w of Maeftrieht, where, in
1744, marfbal Saxe ohtikined a vidlory"
over the duke of Cumberland-
^ Ji Demonoj a pro«ince in the nb
angle of Sicily. It means the valley of
demons, and is fo called^ becaufe Mount
Ktna is fitnate in this province, which
odc^fioned ignorant and fuperRirious
people,, at the time of its fiery eruptions,
to beKeve it was a chimney of hell.. The
capital is Meffina.
Fat a Mazara, a province in the w
angle of Sicily, fo called from the town
of Mazara. It contains Palermo, the
capital of the whole ifland.
Fal di Noto, a province in the se
angle of Sicily, fo called-from the town
of Noto, its capital.
Falaisi a country and independent
republic of SwIfTerland. It is a valley
rod miles long and ao broad, between
rid|»e8 of very high mountains, among
which are the Great St. Bernard, Grim,
fel, Furca. and others, whofe fummits
are never free from fiiow. The s chain
fcparatcs it from the Milanefc, Pied,
mont, and Savoy; the n divides it
from the canton of Bern. The country
is dividiei:! into Upper and Lower Valais.
The former reaches from Mount Furca",
its ■ boundary, to the river Moi'ge,
below Sion ; nrtd the latter from that
river to St. Oingou, on the lake of Ge-
neva, A country confifting of plains,
elevated vaHies, and lofty mountains,
muft ncccifarily eahibit a great variety
of climates ahd profpefts. The pro*
dudionsmuft vary alfo according to its
fuigular ciiverfity of climates; for ftraw*
V A L
bertiesy cherries, plums, pears, aMl
grape8,\in their natural growth^, tnxf
be tafted in the fume day. It h.'/j m«iTi
than fdfficieitt wine and corn for inte-
rior confumption, the f il in the mid-
land and lower diftridts being exwed-
ingly rich and ft-rtilc} butln the morfe
eUvated parts, barley is the only graih
that can be cultivated with fucceff.
The inhabitants profcfs the Roman
dtholic religion, and they hkve no
maniifaAures of any confeqitence- In
Upper Valais they are much fubjeA
to wens; idiocy alfo abounds among
Ihtm } and the lower clafs are extreme-
ly indolent and dirty. In i8oj, the
Valais was conftituted an hidependent
republic, under the guarantee of Francs,
SwifTerland, and Italy. Sion \t the ca-
pital.
Valekonvar, a tpwn of Sclavonifti feat-
ed on the Walpo, near its confluence
with the Danube, 70 miks w»w of
Belgrade. '
Valdui, a town of Rnffia', in the go-
vernment of NoTogorod, on the fide of
a lake of the fame name. The lake is
20 miles in circumference, and has an
iiiand in the middle, on which is a con-
vent furrounded by trees. The town
contains feveral brick buildings; aiiA
the Woo«len houfes are more decorated
than the generality of Ruffian cottages.
It is 71 miles se of Novogorod. Lon
33 44 E, lat. 57^0 N.
Valdasnes, a town of Portugal, in
Tra los Monies, nine miles ese; of Mi-
randela.
Fbldeturon, a town of Spain, in the
province of Leon, near the fource of
the £f1a, 38 miies ne of Leon.
Valdecabras, a town of Spain, in New
Caftile, 10 miles nne of Cucnza.
Faldeeona, a town of Spain, in Cata;-
lonia, 15 mileaf s by w of Tortofa.
Faldkmoro, a town of Spain, in New
Caftile, 13 miles s of Madrid.
Faldigem, a town of Portugal, ip
Beira, near the Douero, four miles nb
of Lamego.
Faldivia, or Ba/div:a, a feaport of
Chili, built in jr^t by the Spanifh ge-
neral Valdiva, after he had conquered
the country. It is furrounded by wails
built of earth, and defended by fcveral
forts and batteries ; the entrance of the
harbour has alfo numerous pieces Of
cannon on each fide. In the vicinity
are many goKI mines. It ftands on a
bay of the Pacific ocean, 300 miles s of
Conception. Lon. 73 10 w, lat. 39 40 s.
Faience, a city '^t France, capital «£
the department of Dromej and a bi-
fliop's fee, with a citadv'l, and a fthool
Zz a .
\^
V A L
of artillery. It is fiuround' i by walls ;
and ihe greateft part of the public
places, and many private houfes, are
adorned with fountains. Befide the
handfome cathedral, there are many
other churches, as well as oonventS'
It is feated on the Rhuney 30 miles n
by E of Vivicrs, and 335 s by e of
Paris. Lon. 4 51 E, lat.'44 55 N.
Valence, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Lot and Garonne, on the
river Garonne, i» miles se of Agen.
Valencia, a province of Spain, for-
merly a kingdom t bounded on the n
by Arragon, ne by Catalonia, e by the
Mediterranean, s and sw by Murcia,
and w by New Caftile. It is 2:0 miles
long, and from :o to 60 broad, and the
moft pleafant and populous country in
Spain ; for here they enjoy a perpetual
fpring. It is watered by a great num-
ber of ftrcams, and fertile in all the
ncceffaries ■;pf life, cfpecially fruits, oil,
and wine. In the mountains are mines
of iron and alum, and quarries of mar-
ble, jafper, and Iipis calaminaris. Here
is alVo much filk, cotton, and hemp;
the manufactures of which an; the caufe
of a confiderable population. Notwith-
ftanding all this abundance, the Valen-
cian peafantry are very poor.
Valencia, a city of Spain, capital of a
province of the fame name, and an
archbiftiop's fee, with a univerfity.
The Moors were expelled from it in
the 13th century. It was taken by tho
earl of Peterborough in 15^05, and loft
again two years after. It contains
12,000 houfea within the walls, befide
thofe in the fuburbs and pleafuie gar-
dens around if, which amount to the
fam»! number. The cithcdral has a
ftceple 1^0 feet high; and one fide of
the choir is incmiled with alabafter,
and adorned with fine paintings of fcrip-
ture hiftory. The palace of the vice-
roy, tl1.1t of Ciuta, the monaftery of St.
Jcrom, the exchange, and the arfenal,
are all worthy of notice. Here are
flourifniny m3nufa<5tHre8 of cluth and
■filk; and fever.il remains of antiquity.
Jc IS fr nfed .)n the Guadalavia, near the
Mediterranean, 130 miles f.se of Ma-
drid. Lon. o S7 w, lat. 39 17 n.
Valencia, a town of Terra Tirma, in
the prolines of Caraccas, on the lake
Tocarigua, 57 miles sw of Porto Ca-
vallo. Lon. 65 30 w, lat. 9 50 n.
Valencia d,' Alcantara, a town of Spain,
in Eflremadura, with an old caftle. It
it furrounded by walls, .ind ftands ou a
rock, near the frontiers of Portugal,
fl8 milctsw of Alcantara, and 45 knw
nf Badajoz.
V A r,
Valenciennest a city of prance,* in the
department of Nord, feated on the
Scheldt, which flows through it in fevf.
ral branches, and here begras to be na-
vigable. It is large and populous ; but
the ftreets are narrow and crooked,
and many of the houfes are of wood.
The citadel anc fortifications were con-
ftructtd by order of Lewis xiv, who
took this town from the Spaniards;
and it was confirmed to him by the
treaty of Nimeguen, in 1678. In 1793,
it was taken by the allies, after a (evere
fiege ; but it furrendercd, without re-
fiftar.ce, to the French, in 1794. De-
fide lace, this city ic noted for manu-
factures of woollen ftuffs and cambric.
It is :8 miles sk of Lifle, and 120 nke
of Paris. Lon. ^ ^x^, lat. jo 21 k.
VaUnVtne, a town olf France, in the
department of Upper Garonne, nine
miles NR of St. Bertrand.
Valenza, a town of Italy, in the Mi-
lanefe, capital of the LumeHine. It has
been ofteu taken, and is fe.ited on a
mountain, near the river Po, 12 miles
ESE of Cafal, and 35 ssw of Milan.
Valenza, a fortified town of Portugal,
in Entre Douero e Minho, feated on an
eminence, near the river Minho, oppn-
fite Tuy, in Spain, and 30 miles nnw
of Braga.
Va/estra, a town of Italy, in the Mo-
denefe, 1 2 miles sw of Modena.
Valetta, a city of Malta, the capital
of that illand, and wonderfully ftrong
both by nature and art. It is feated
on a pcninfula, between two of the
fineft ports in the world, which are de-
fended by almoft impregnable fortifica-
tions. That on the se fide of the city
is the largcft : it runs two miles inland,
and is furrounded by fuch high grounds,
that the largeft ihips may ride in the
moft ftormy weather, almoft without a
cable. This bafin is divided into five
diftinCt harbours, all equally fafe, each
capable of containing a vaft number of
fhipping. The entrance is fcarcely a
quarter of a mile brofuj, and is com-
manded, on each fide by ftrong batte-
ries, fronted by a quadruple battery,
one above the other, the largcft of which
19 on a level with the water. The har-
bour on the N fide, though only uArd
for fithing, and as a place of quaran-
tine, is iikewife well defended.; and in
an ifland in the centre of it, is a (.idle
and a lazaret. Valetta has three gates,
and the ftreets are .alt paved with flat
fquare ftones. The houfes are neat,
and built of ftone j the roofs forming a
flat terrace plaftered with po7zolana;
and moft of ihem have a bal(M>ny t»
V A L
the llrce^ where the iiihahltant) pafs a
{•rtrat p<irt of their time. Thi; principal
buildings are tb e palace of tlie grand
inafter,the infirmary, the confervatory,
and the magnificent church of St. John.
The pavement of this church is com-
pofed entirely of fcpulchral monuments
uf the fined marbles, porphyry, lapis
lazuli, and a variety of other valuable
(tones, admirably joined toother, re-
prefenting the arms, infignia, ice. of
the perfons whofe names they comme-
morate. The great fourcc of water
that ftipplics Valetta rifes near Citta
Vecchia, and is thence conveyed by an
nqu.edudi:, eroded at the cxpeiice of
oner of the grand niafters. Notwith-
itanding the fuppofed bigotry of the
Maltefe, here is a mofque, in which
the Turkiih flaves arc permitted to en-
joy their religion. The Turks bclieged
this city in 1566; but, after many
dreadful afTaults, were compelled to
raife the fiege, with the, lof» of 30,000
men. It fnrnndered to the French,
under Bon,»parte, in 1798; and they, in
1800, furrendered it to the Britini,
after a blockade of two years. Valetta
is fituate oppofite Cape Paflcro in Sicily.
Lon. 15 34 E, lut. .35 54 N.
Falette, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Charente, i a miles s by e
of Angoul^me.
ValienbuTf^j or iaugtietnont, a town
of the Netherlands, in Limburg. In
1672, it was taken by the French, who
flemolilhed the fortifications. It is feat-
cd on the Geule, eight miles t by n of
Macftricht.
Failadolid, a city of Spain, in Leon,
capital of a principality of the fame
name, and a bilhop's fve, with a uni-
verfity. It is furrounded by ftrong
walls, has long and« broad ftreets, and
i.3 adorned with handfuine buildings,
fquares, and fountains. The marktit-
place, called El Campo, is 700 paces
in circumference, furrounded by a great
number of convents. There are 70
monafteries'and nunneries, the hneft of
which is that of the Dominicans, re-
markable for its church, which is one
of the mod magnificent in the city.
The kings formerly refided at this place ;
and the royal palace, which (till re-
mains; is of very large extent, though
but two ftories high. The townhoufe
takes up the entire fide of a fquare.
The houfc of the inquifition is an odd
ftruAurc, for there are no windows,
but a few holes to let in the light.
Here are fome woollen manufadtures»
and many goldfmiths and jewellers.
Tlie environs mi the city are covered
V A L
with gardens, orchards, vineyards, mi
dows, and fields. It is feuted Ai tl
Efcurva, near the Pifuerga, 74 milj
S3E of Leon, and 100 nnw of Madrid.
Lon. 4 47 w, lat. 41 x% n.
Valladolid, a city of Mexico, in Me-
choacah. See Mcehoaean,
ValladoHd, or Comai/ajtM, a city of
Mexioo, capita! of the jiruvince of
Honduras, and a bifhop's fee; feated
in a plaiti, 280 miles e of Cuatimala.
Lon. 88 20 w, lat. 14 35 n.
VaUadoHdt a town of Mexico, in the
NE part of Jucatan, 94 miles e by s of
Mcrida. Lon. 88 10 w, lat. zq 33 n.
VtillelongOy a town of >3ap!e.s, in Ca-
labria Ultejiore, iB miks fcNi:. of Ni-
cotera.
Fa/lewnot, or J'ulmont, a town of
France, in the department of Lowtr
Sciitf, 3a miles Nw of Koucn.
Fallenratj, a town of France, in the
department of Indre, on tHi^Nabon, 28
miles N by w of Chattauroux.
Vallengiii, a town of Swilferland, iii
a county of its name, united to the
principality of Neuchatel. It is feated
on the Seyon, three miles nnw of Neu-
chatel.
P'ailers, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Indre and Loire, noted
for mineral vvaters, four miles nw of
Tours.
Vallery, St. a town of France, in the
department of Somme, at the mouth
of the river Somme, whofe entrance is
dangerous. It is ip miles wnw of
Abbeville, and 100 N by w of Paris.
Vallery en C'auXj St- a town <.>f France,
in the department of Lwwer Seine, near
the feacoaft. William dulcc of Nor-
mandy failed hence when he made his
defcent on England. It is 11; miles
wsw of Dieppe, and 100 nw of Parib.
rnJlier, St- a town of France, in the
department of Drome, near the river
Rhone, 18 miles n of Valence.
Falogne, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Manche, noted for cloth
and leather, 10 miles s?C of Cherburg,
and 50 WNW of Caen.
Valona, a feaport of European Tur-
key, in Albania, and an archbifhop's
fee. It was taken, in 1690, by the Ve-
netians, who abandoned it after they
had ruined the fortifications. It h feat-
ed at the entrance of the gulf of Venice,
near the mountains of Chimera, 50
miles s of Durazzo. Lou. 1^9 40 f, lat.
40 54 N.
falf'arayso, a feaport of Chili, with
a wellffreqiK'nted harbour, defended
by a ftrong fort. Its proximity to St.
Jago hn& drawn hither all the com-'
VAN
ce formHy carried on between that
^d C'lllno, which confifts princi-
Uly of wheat, tallow, leathtr, cordage,
and dritd fruits. It is feated on a bay
of the Pacific ocean, at the foot of a
hiph mountain, 75 miles nw cjf St.
Jago. Loo. 7J 19 w, Ut ' ^j^ 3 8.
Falperga. a. town of Ptedmont, 16.
iniles N of Xurin.
Falreai, a town o^ France, in the de-
partment of V.iuclufe, 18 mifes ne of
Orahge.
•^ Fa!j, a town of France, in the de-
partment of ArdecSeV c-'lebrattd ' fnr
mineral /pvings. ' It ia feated on the
Ardeche, 18 miles kw of Viviers.
V'alteline, or PalU'teUno, a fertile val-
ley of Swifll-rland, l.itely fiibjctft to the
Grifons, but annexed to Italy by the
^rench. It is 50 miles long, and from
12 to I? broad, inclofed between two
chains of hiuh mountains: the n' chain
feparates t^prom the Grifons, the s
from the Venietian territories ; on the R
it i« bounded by the county of Bormio,
and on the w by that of Chiavana and
the duchy of Milan The river Adda
QfOws thvoHgh its whole length into the
laks Como ; an.l it is divided into three
diftri^s, upper, middle, and lower, of
which the ' ' ief towns are Tirano, Son-
drio, ar' -begno. The inhabitants
are all .in catholics, and have no
mKniif' tuces; but they export Wine,
filk, plants, clirefe, butter, ond cattle.
On the aoth of July. 1620, there was a
general maflacre of the proteftants in
this valley.
Falva^ a town of Napled, in Abruzzo
Citeriore, 18 miles ssw of Civita di
ehieti
Fan, a ftrong town of ,Curdiftan,
with a caflle on a mountain, in which
the Turks keep a numerous garrifon.
It is governed by a beglerbeg, and
feated on a lake of its mrne (120 miles
in circumference) So miles e by s of
Betlis. Lon 44. 30 ii,.l,it. :?7 10 n.
Fan Diemen Lrtfid, an ifiand in the
S Pacific oct'an, i6e miles long and 80
broad, feparated fiom the s part of
Kew Holland by Uafs ftnit. It was «
difcovcred by Tafm;in in 1642, and till
1799 was deemed the s extremity of
New Holland Cook called here in
1777, for fupplies of wood, water, and
grafs. Thtry were met by fome of the
natives, who were entirely naked ; of a
common ftature, but rnther flendtr,
the ikin black, and t'le hair woolly,
bat their lineaments more pleating than
thofe of Negr©8. The hair and beards,
and fome of the faces, were fmcared
with red ointment. They leera to
V'A R
prefer birds to all otker fnod. Th*
hovels refemhlr thofo of New 8 Wales ;
but fomctimes large trees ate hollowed
out by f.ie to tfte height of fix or feven
feet. The land is dMt^y high, diverfi.
fied with hills and v«llie8» which are
well wooded and watered.' The foreft
trees feem to be all of one kind, grow-
ing quite (Iraighi to a height proper
for mafts. The low lands produce
flowering; (bruits, and odoriferous plants
that perfume the sir. The only qua'
drupeda feen were opolTums and kan-
garoos ; and the birds cannot differ
much from thofe of New Holland, to
which there is as it were a paiTage by
intermediate ifles. South Cape is in
Ion. 146 50 E,lat. 43 40 s.
Faniam Bady, a town of Hhidooftan,
in Myfore, 55 miles wSw of Arcot,and
130 K of SeriP7apatam.
Fannej, n A aport of France, capital
of the department of Morbihan, and a
bifliop's fee. The principal trade is
in corn, bar-iron, and Afh. It is feated
on the gulf of Morbihan, $6 miles sw
of Rennes, and 155 w by « of Paris.
Lon. a 46 w, lat. 47 39 M.
Far, a department of France, includ-
ing p.irt of the late provinco of' Pro-
vence. It takes its name from a river
which has its fuurce in the county of
Nice, and enters the Mediterranean,
four miles w of Nioe. Toulon is the
capital.
Farallo, a ftrong town of Italy, in the
Milanefe, on the frontiers of Piedmont,
33 miles u of Aofta, and 47 wnw of
Milan.
Farambon, a town of France, in the
department of Ain, on the river AiRf
24 miles ssE of Bourg en Brefle.
Faratdint a town of Croatia, with a
caftle and a citadel; feated near the
Drave, 65 miles nne of Carlftadt. Lon,
16 3>E, lat. 46 S5 N.
Pardar, a river of Eurc^ean Turkey,
which rifes in Mount Seardus, and flows
s through Macedonia^ into the gulf of
Salonioa.
Farella, a cape on the E coaft of the
kingdom of Ciampa. Behind it is a
mountain, remarkable for having a high
rock, like a tower, ou its fummit* Loa.
109 17 E, lat 1250 N.
Farenttes, a town of France, in the
department of AHier, feated on an emi-
nence near the river Allier, ^lO miles s
of Moulins.
Varennes, a town of France, in the
department of Meufe. Here Lewis
XVI, his queen, fifter, and two chil-
dren, were arrcfted, in their flight from
the Tuilleries, in 1791, and conduced
VAX
back to ^8. . It is 13 milei w Wy w
of Terdun.
Varete^ a town of Ttaly, in the Mila-
nefct feated between tlM lake Verbano
and the Iburce of thv Olona» 30 miles
KW of Milan'. Lon. 8 51 b» lat. 45
48 N.
Fmrhely^ a town of Tranfylvaniai 40
miles c of Wetflfenbur^.
Varna, a (eaport ot European Tur-
key! in fiylgaria, and tn archbiihop's
fee. It is feHted near the mouth of the
Varna, in the Black fea, t% miles h uf
Mefembria, ard 145 n%v of ConAanti-
nople. Lon %8 38 ff, lat. 42 44 th.
tarzetfi a town of France, in the
department of Nievre, 34 miles N of
Ncvers.
FatUf a town of RulTia, in the go-
vernment of Novogorod, Ktuate on the
Volga, 60 milirs e. of Novogorod. Lon.
45 44 F» 'at- 5* »6 •*.
Vaaalborouxhi a town of the diftridt
of Maine, in Lincoln county, fertted on
the Kennebec, nine miles n of Hallo-
well.
Fajsy, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Upper Marnc. In 1563, a
blootly perfecution of the protcllants
began her**, by order of the duke of
Guife. It is feated on the Blaii'e, 10
ttill«l Nw'of Joinville.
Vatan,i town of France, in the de-
partment of Indre, eight miles nw of
Iflbudun. '
Vatiiay a feaport of European Tur-
key, in the Morca, fUuate on a large
bay to u hich it gives name, 44 miles &e
of Viifitra. Loii. aj 2 b, lat- 36 3« n.
yaiibarit tort. See Louis, I'ort.
V'aucluse, a department of France, in-
cluding ttie county of Venaifliti and
territory of Avignon- It takes its name
from tlie fountain of Vauclufe, iz miles
E of Avignon, celebrated by Petrarch.
The chiet town Ih Avignon.
fauceu/eurs, a town of France, in
the department of Meufe, feated on the
fide of a hill, on the river Meufc, 23
miles sR of Bar le Due.
yaudemont, a town of France, in the
depnttment of Meurte, 18 miles s by w
«f Naircy.
Vauviile, a town of France, in the
department of Mtinche, on a bay to
which it gives name, nine miles w of
Cher burg.
rawjrWA a village in Surry, feated
pn the Thames, two miiesjsw of Lon-
don. It is celebrated for its gardens,
which, a« a place of public entertain-
ment, are the fineft in Europe.
Vatjpura, a town of Hiudooftan, in
Malabar, feaied at the motith of a fine
tjftto
rivtr, down which much teak timber )•
flo;ited. It is fcveti miles s pf C«ltctit«
UieJa, a town of Spain, in Andaluflk, ,
with a (trong caftle | feated in a fcrtilH
country near the river OuadaIquiv«ri
a mi)eg nb of Jaen.
Vberkingen, a village of Suahia, in
the territory of Ulm, tw« miles wsw
of Gciflin^en. It has baths of mineral
water, which are much frequented.
Uierlh^en, a town of Siiabia, kttely
imperial, m the county of Furftcnbiir|Ei
The principal trade is in com to Swit-
ferlnnd ; and near it are famous baths.
It is feati'd on a high rock, near the
lake of Conftance. (even miles u of
Couftance.
Vbenko, a town of Bohemia, in the
circle of Chrudin, 10 miles ene of
Chrudin:
Vbes, St. or Setuval, a fortified fin-
port of Portugal, in Eftremadura, with
a ftrong citadel, and a gootl harboth-y
defended by three fotts. Tk is built on
the ruins of the ancient Setobriga, at
the head of a bay, near the influx of the
Cadaon, and has a good trade, 'parti-
cularly in fjtlt, of which a ^reat quan-
tity is fi-nt to the colonies in Aihericai
It ftandi at the end of a plain, five
miles in length, extremely fertile in com',
wine, and fruits; the n et:rl bounded hf
mountains, covered with pines and
other trees, and containing ouarries of
jafper of ieveral colours. It is %z milefc
sEofLifbon Lon. 8 54 w,lat.38 aa W.
Vbij^au, a town of the duchy of Sax-
ony, fiMt d on the Eifter, a8 mjles sk
of Wittenberg.
Ubt/, an ifland on the e fide of thp
entrance of the gulf of Siam, 20 miles
in circumference. It yields good wa-
ter and plenty of wood. 'Lon. 164 46
E, Int. 8 55 N.
Vcayal, a river of Peru. See A/uri-
mac.
Utedo, or UzeJa, a town of Spain, in
New Caftile, with a caitle; feated on
the Xarama, 32 miles nnb of Madrid-
I'cier, a river of Germany, Vhtch
iffiies from a iake of the fame name,
near Prenzlo, in the Ucker mark of
Brandenburg, flowS^ m into "Hither Po-
merania, and, being joined by the Ran-
do, enters the Frifch Haff, at Ucket-
muude.
Uckennundt, a town of Hither Po-
merania, in the duchy of Stettin, feated
on the Frifch Half, at the influx of the
Ucker, Ba miles nw of Stettin.
Uddevalia, a feaport of Sweden, in
the provmce of Bah us, fituate on a ^ay
of the Categat. The houfts are built
of wood painted red and yelloW} and
V B O
the ftreets are fpacioiit. It hM a Arony
fort, an arfenal, rope-walks, and tar
And iron work* ; alio a trade in iron,
Elankd and herrings. It is 50 mileo x
y w of Gothcburg. Lon. 11 40 e, lat.
VMn
jdina, or Vdinct a city of Italy, ca-
pital of Friuli, with a citadel. It con-
tains 16,000 inhabitants, and in 1750,
on the fupprvffion of the patriarchate
of Aijuileia, was mide the ico of an
archbifhop* A treaty between the Au-
ftriana and French was figncd here in
1797. It U feated in a large plain, on
the river and canal called La Rnia, a*
miles NW of Aquiieia. and 65 nk of
Venice. Lon. 13 3 e, lat. 46 i» n.
Udinskoit a town of Siberia, in the
government oF Irktitfk, feated on the
Selinga, 150 ntiles t of Irkutfk. Lun.
108 ;o £. lat. 5a o N.
Udipu, a town of Hindooflan, in Ca-
nara, near which is a fmall fort. Here
are three templeit, placard in a common
fquare, and fiirrounded by fourteen
lai-gc convents. It ftands amid rice
fields, beamifully intermixed with palm
gardens, two miles from the fea, and 36
NNW of Mangalore.
Udikol, a town of Siberia, in the pro-
vince of Okntflc, fituate on the Ud, 300
miles aw of Okotik. Lon. 135 30 e,
lat. 55 6 N-
Vechtt a river that rifeR in Weftphalia,
near Munfter, crofles the counties of
Stenfort and fientheim, and entering
Overyflfel, paflTcs by Ommfn, Haffelt,
and Sw.nrtlluys, below which it enters
the Zuider Zee.
Vtchtt a river of Holland, which
branches off from the old channel of
the Rhine, at Utrecht, and enters the
Zuider Zee, at Muyden.
Vechta, a town and fortrefs of Wcft-
phalia, in. the principality of Munfter,
on a river of the fame name, zj miles s
of Oldenburg, and 35 nn» of Ofna-
t)urff.
Pedenjioh a town of Ruflia, in the
government of Archangel, fituate on
the Vokfcha, aoo miles £se of Archan-
gel. Lonv 46 44 E, lat. 58 45 ^*
Veere. See U'frwre.
Vega» a town of Spain, in Aftnrias,
neair the coaft, 34 miles nw of Oviedo.
Vega^ a town of Spain, in the pro-
vince of Leon, aa miles nke of Leon. —
Another, 55 miles w of Leon.
Vegayman, a town of Spain, in the
province of Leon, 28 mile^ nnb of
^eon.
Vtgliat an iHand in the gulf of Venice,
on the coaft of Dalmatia. It is ^o
fni}es in circuit, rocky and badly cuiti-
V E L
vatad, but produccK wine and ftlk, aitJ
has fmall horfes in high efteem. The
towo of the fame name has a good har-
bour, a ftrong ^itadel, and i* the fee of
a biihop- Lon. 14 56 e, lat- 45 aa n.
Vegiiana, a town of Piedmont, feate«I
on an eminence, near the river Doria,
'1 2 miles NW of Turin.
Vfh, a town of Hindooftan, in Moul-
tan, feated at the iundlion of the Set-
ledge with the Indus. 63 miles ssw of
Moultan. Lon. 70 5 E, lat. 29 8 n.
^Ve'troi,*. town of Portugal. 'in Alen-
tejo, feated on the Anhaloura, 10 miles
ssw of Portaltgre.
Veisttiburgt a town of Ruflia', in the
government of Revel, near the gulf of
Finland, 56 mjles E of Revel.
/W/, St. a town of Germany, in Ca-
rinthia, with an old caftle, ieated at
the conOux of the Glan and Wunich,
eight miles n of Clagenfurt-
Ve'tt, St- in Iftria. See Fiume.
Vela, a cape on the n coaft of Terra
Firma, 160 miles enb of St. Martha.
Lon. 71 25 w, lat. la <)o K.
Veloyt a late provuice of France,
bounded on th« n by Forez, w by An-
vcrgne, s by Gevaudan, ind E by Vi-
varez. It is full of hi)j|h mountains,
covered with fnow the greater part of
the year, but abounds in cattle. It now
forms the department of Upper Loire.
Feliurg, a town of Bavaria, in the
principality of Neuburg, with a de-
cayed caftle, 22 miles nw of Ratitbon.
VeldentZt a town of France, in the
department of Sarre, latejy of Ger-
many, in the palatinate of the Rhine,
with a caftle. The environs produce
excellent Mofelle wine. It is feated on
the Mofelle, 19 miles ne of Treves.
leletri, a town of Italy, in Campagna
di Roma. It i» the refidence of tlie
biftiop of Oftia, whofe palace is mag-
nificent ; and there are large fquares
adorned with fine fountains. It is feat-
ed on an eminence, 18 ^iles se of
Rome.
flt/ez de Gomara, a feaport of the
kingdom of Fez,^vitb a caftle, feated
between two high mountains, on the
Mediterranean, no miles nnb of Fez.
Lon. 4 o w, lat. 55 10 N.
Felez Malaga^ a town of Spain, in
Granada, feated in a large plain, be-
tween two rivers, near the Mediterra-
nean, 13 miles E by N of Malaga, and
62 sw«f Granada.
^ Felika% a town of Sclavonia. on the
river Bakawa, 10 miles £ of Cruetz,
and 60 NW of Fofega.
Felon, a town of Hindooftan, in the
Carnatic, wjth a large and beautiful fort*
whichJ
fidenc*
of Ml
Englif
longs tl
well
forts o|
a fine
of Arcd
VtUx
Vtm
<1i Lav
*•
V E N
which, having be^n chofen Tor the re*
ndcnce of the family of the late fultan
of Myfore, is ftrongly garrifoned by
EngHih forces. The town, which be-
long! to the nabob, ia pretty large, and
well built. Above it are three fmall
fbrti on as many hillR. It is'fcated in
ft fine valley, on the Paliar, 14 miles w
of Arcot.
Veltxtn. Sfe t'ltzm.
I'enafrot a town of Naples, In Terra
di Lavoro, feated near the VohurtiOj
%S miles n by w of Cupu.i.
Venahtin, a fmall but fertile county
of France, lately depending on the pope,
but now included in the dt-partment of
Vauclufe. Carpentras was thecnpital-
P'enant, St. a town of l-'rance, in the
department of Pas de CalaiR, on the
river Lis, fix miles n by w of Bethunc,
and a; 8E of Dunkirk.
Vaiasqui, a town of Spain, in Arra-
gon, in a valley of the fame name, and
on the river Eflara, 47 miles nnc of
Balbaftro.
fenasquci a town of France, in the
department of Vauclufe, on the river
Nafque, 10 miles ese of Carpentras,
and 18 ENB of Avignon.
Vencaticheryt a town of Hindooftnn,
in Ifbc £ part of My fore, ceded to the
Khj^ftl by the tre.ity of Seringapatam.
Here are the remains of the rajah's pa-
lace, and the ruins of a fort. Nt ar this
place iron is fmelted from black fand.
It is 57 miles w of Arcot, and 58 e of
Bangalore.
VencCf a town of France, in the de-
partment of Var; lately a bilhop's fee.
It is nine miles m of Antibes, and nine
w of Nice.
Vendee, a department -of France, in-
cluding part of the late province of Poi-
tou. It is fo called from a fmall river
of the fame name. Fontenay le Comte
is the capital.
l^enJetit a town of Rufliu, in the go-
vernment of Riga, on the river Aa, ^6
inilcb ENEof Riga.
Vendome, a town of France, in the
department of Loir and Cher, on the
river Loir, 30 miles ne of Tours, and
g$ sw of Paris.
Vendrellt a tqwn of Spain, in Catalo-
nia, 25 miles wsw of Barcelqna.
Veneri(tt a town of Piedmont, which
took its name from a magnificent hunt-
ingfeat built by a duke of Savoy. It
has manufadlures of wool and filk, and
ilai)ds o^ the Stpra, eight mill's nnw of
.Turin.,
Venezuela, a province of Terra Firma,
in the government of the Caraccas;
bdunded on the n by the Carribbe^
V E r
feat ■ by Caraccaa, ■ by New Oranadat*
and w by Rio de la Hacba and St. Mar-
tha. Urpreadsroundagulfofthcfap^
name (wnich reaches 90 inilea within
land and is 80 in breadth) and the lake
of Maracaybo. When the Spaniard*
landed here in 1499, ^hey obfenred fome
huts built upon piles, in an Indian vil-
lage named Cora, in order (on^fe them
above the ftagnated water that covered
the plain; and this induced them to
give it the name of Venezuela, or Little
Venice. Near the feacoaft are high
mountains, the tops of which are. bar-
ren, but the lower parts in the vallef
are fertile, and gold is found in the fnnds
of the rivers. The province is laid to
contain 100,000 inhabitants, who raife
great numbers of iheep, manufoAure
fome cotton ftniTs, and cultivate excel-
lent tobacco, cocoa, and Aigar.
Venezuela, the capital of the province
of the fimc !um';,'in Terra Firma, and
a bi(hop's fee. It ftands on a peninfu.
la, on the e fide cf the gulf of Venezue-
la) So miles iNE of Maracaybo. Lon,
70 15 w, lat. 10 55 N.
Venice^ a late celebrated republic of
Italy, which comprehended, the Ooga-
do, P;iduan > Vicentino, Veronefe,
Brefcia.io, P.<.'j,a:no, Cremafco, Poleii-
nodi Rcivigo, 1 ri.vifano, Feltrino, Bellu-
nefe, Cadorino, and part of'Friuli and
Iftria. The government of the republic,
before it wns. fubvcrted by the French*
was aridocratic, for none could have
any fliare hi it but the nobles. The
tloge was eledttid by a plurality of votes,
obtained in a peculiar manner by meant
of gold and filver balls; and after his
eiedion the ducal cap was placed on hif
head, with great ceremony, on his pub-
lic entrance into St. Mark's church. He
held his dignity for life ; and his office
was to marry the Adriatic fea, in the
name of the republic ; to prcfide in all
aflemblies of the ftate; to have an eye
over all the members of the nwigiftracy;
and to nominate to al! ''e benefices an-
nexed to the church 01 Jt. Mark. On
the other hand, his power was f limit-
ed, that he has been juftly defined to be,
in habit and fiate, a king ; in iiitliority,
a cdunfellor; in the city, a priforier;
and out of it, a private perfoti. I'here
were five councils : the firft vis called
LaSignorin compofed of the dope and
fix coimfellon . The fecond was II Con-
figlio Grande, in v/hich all the nobles,
amounting to 1500, had a voice. .The
third was 11 Configlio dei Pregadi, con-
fiftinK of about sjoofthenob Uty. The
fourth was 11 Configlio Propi iO, Aviiich
' was united to the Signoria ; its menv.
V i: K
htn eenfffled of it sflftlTon: thit emm^
ell gmre Midintc« to the afmbaffadon.
Hir fifth tnd lift WM II Configib die
Dicei. compofcd of ten counftillom,
wkninek notice of all criminal matter!) ;
an«l the dope himfelf, when accufedy
WH ohKgra to appear heforc them:
th^re was no appeal from thia council,
which VTM a (cvere (late inqiiilition.
This conltitUtifTn, however, now no
longer ekifta. In 17^7, a tumult hav-
ing nappened at Venice, in which fome
French foldien were killed, the French
ftized the city, amd inilitufd a prori-
ftonary democratic government: Iwt,
fwm after, bjr the treaty of Campo
Formio, the city and territory of Ve-
nice, lying to the n and w of the river
AAlgti, wat'ceded to Aiiflria as a duchy,
in equivalence for the dominions that
houfr had lolt in the Netherlands ; and
the remainder of the territory was an-
nexed to what the French then ftyled
the fifalpine reprtblic. In 1I05 com-
menced a fliort war betwetti Audria
and France, and by the treaty of peace
at Freiburg, the ducRv of Venice was
given up; and the whol«* territory of
Venici' io now a part (if the ticwly ercdl-
«d kingdom of Italy. The Verretian tcr-
ritorics on the continent, enumtratod
»b<Bvt (artH which, by way of diftin^ion^
are fomettmes called the Teira Fivma)
■re defcribcd in their rcfpi dtivc places.
Venice was once one of the moft pow-
erful commercial and maritime ftates
in Europe. For this it was indebted,
at firft, to the monopoly of the com-
merce 6f India ; the prodvidls of that
conntry being conveyed, in the middle
agts, np the gulf of iVrlia, the Eu-
phrates, and the Tigris, as far as Bag-
«ad ; thence by land, acroft the defert,
to Palmyra ; ,ind thence to the Medi-
terranean ports: and, afterward, the
fapplying of the crnfaders with provi-
ftons at)d military ttores was an addi-
tional foiirce of opulence and power.
All this declined, ho\v<'ver, after tile
djfcovcry of the Cape of Good Hope by
the Portugneft, in i486; vhich, in its
confifquerces, has reduced Venice from
z ^ite of the highefl fplendour to com*
parative infignificance. The Venetians
are Kvely and ingenious, extravagantly
fond of amufements, \vtth an uncom-
jTon relifh for humour. They are in
tenera) tall, well made, and of a ruddy
rowB colour, with dark eyes. Tho
-women are of a fine ftyle of counte-
nsmce^ wHh expreflive features, and a
ikin of a rich carnation : they are of an
cafy addrefs, and have no averfion to
cHltivate an acquaintance with ftrangers
Vtff
nvlito Hre prep«rly rccoimneit^. What-
ever dfgret of licetntioufttefH may pre«
vail among them, jealoufy, poifon, and
the (tiletto have been long baniflwd
from their gallantry. The common
F>e<>ple diiplay fome quulititi very rare-
y to be found in that fphere of Itfc,
l)eing remark-ibly toher, obliging to
ftrangern, and gentle in their interconric
with each other.
Fenicet a city x>f Italy, and a lonf
time ttie capital of a territory of the
fame name. In the 4th century, when
Aftila king of the Hunt ravaged the n
part of Italy, many of the inhabitant*
abndoncd their country, and retired
into the iflands of the Adriatic fea, now
called the gulf of Venice. Thefe iflanda
being near each other, they foufid meant
to join them, by driving piles on the
fides, and forming the channels into
canals, on which they bnilt houfes, and
thus the fuperb city of Venice had itc
beginning. It is tlie fee of a patriarch,
and itands on 72 littlf iflands, abont
five miles from the mainland, in a kind
of laguna or lake, feparated from the
gulf of Venice, by lonie iflands, at a
f w miles didance Thefe iflands, in a
great meafure, break the force of the
Adriatic ftorms, b( fore they reach -the
laguni. The number of the inhabit-
ants is computed at 160,000, and they
have a flourifhing trade in filk manu-
factures, bone-lacCf and all forts of
glaffc^ and mirrors, which make their
principal employments. Moft of the
houfes have a door opening upon a ca-
nal, and another into a ftreet; by means
of which, and of the bridges, a perfon
may go to almod any part of the city
by land, as well a» by water. The
ftreets, in general, are narrow; and fo
are the canals, except, the Grand Ca-
nal, which is very broad and has a fer-
pcntine courfe through the middle of
the city. There are nearly 500 bridges
in Venice ; but what pafs for fuch are
only fingle arches thrown over the ca-
nals ; moft of them very paltry. The
Rialto confifts alfo of a iingle arch, but
a very noble one, and of marble, built
acrofs the grand canal, near the middle,
where it is the narroweft: this cele-
brated arch is 90 feet wide on the level
of the canal, and 24 feet high. The
beauty of it is impaired by two rows of
booths or (hops, which divides its up-
per fiirface into three narrow ftreets.
The view from the Rialto is equally
lively and magnificent; the canal c'o-
vered by boats and gondolas^ and flank-
ed 01^ each fide by magi^ificent palaces,
churchcf, and ipir«. The only place
ftfety
kind
byni
biei
ohurc)
no;
whioh
brary,
church
and
crowni
fury is
The ct
rous,
are the
highly
far fur
itfelf.
buildin
rcpub
of the
the fen
and tr
which i
kept, r
might a
inforre(5
tioii uf
it waa p
\
V E N
whcfi a fmtan can waiirwHh «a(e and
fifety in in the Piacxa di bt. Marco ; a
kind of inrgular ^iiadrnnglr, formed
by a number uf baildingB, all of mar-
ble} namely, th« ducal pal.<cc; the
ohnrchct of 8t. Mark and St Geminia-
no; and A nohlo Mnge of buildings, in
which are the mutcum, the public li-
brary, the mint, See The pauiarchal
church of St- M»rk, one of the richcft
and moft expenHve in the world, it
crowned by five domes i and the trea-
fury iH very rich in jewels and rclici.
'I'hft churches and convents are nume-
rous, in which the moft admirable part
are the paintings; and indeed Venice,
highly renowned for vaUubli- paintinjjss,
far furpaffes, in thiv relpetJt, even Rome
itfelf. The ducal palace is an immenfe
building : before the fubveri'ton of the
republic it contained the apartments
of tlie doge; halls iind chambers tor
the fenate, and the different councils
and tribunals; and an armory, in
which a great number of inuflcctu were
Kept, ready charged, that the iiol)!es
might arm themlelveti, on any fudden
inforreflion. Tlit arfenal is a fortilica-
tioii of three miles in compafii : before
it was pillaged by the French, it contain-
e4^|^umi) for 6otooo foot and 20,000
iMEra^^ranged in an ornammtal mHii-
ner; and 2800 men werf daily employ-
«d in building Ihips,. calling c.innotis,
making cables, tails, anchors, ^c. 'I'he
handfome flruiflnre called II Tontica di
Tcdeichi,' containing 22 lliops and ico
rooms, is thnt wlierc the Gt rman nur-
chanls l.iy tlieir commoditie .. 'i'he bank
of Venice is luppokd to be the firit of
•the kind m Em ope, ;ifter ihc moJel of
which thofe of Amllerdam and Ham-
burg were eftablilhed. In this city a
famous carnival is held from Ciiriltmai
till Athwednefday ( in M vhich time li-
bertinifm reiunx Ihrongh it^e city, and
thoufands of foreigiKrs frequent it from
all parts of Europe. The chief divcr-
fions are ridottos and mafquerades ;
and St. Mark- place is the general ren-
dezvous. Venice is included in the pro-
vince called the Dogado and is isj
miles N2tR of Florence, and 140 e of
Milan. Lon. la t^ k, lat. 45 27 n.
Feniee, GuJ/of, a fea, or gulf of the
Mediterranean, bietween Italy and Tur-
key in Europe. It is the ancient Adri^
aticum Mare, and is ftill fomctimes
called the Adriatic Sea. There are
many idands in it, and many bays or
ftnall gulfs on each coaft. The ]^rand
ceremony of the doge of Venice marry-
ing the Adriatic annually on Afcenhon
Day, by droppiog into it a ring from
¥Elt
bit huoent ^r Aatr barfe, ttttn^td
by all the nw^.i i) awd umbalfadOTs hi
gondolas, was ii.termitted in tf^f^ idt
fke Hrft ttme for feveral £pnt4iries.
IW«, a (Ironf town of fhe Nether*
lands, in UT>p«>r Oueldeitend, and «
place of trade for merchan^ife cominf
nrom the adjacent oountriei. in 170*^
it furrendered to the aliin, anA was
confirmed to the Dutch }yf tlie barrier
treaty in 1715. It was takM by tKc
French in 1704. It is feated an the «
fidt. of the Meiife, oppoiite Fort St.
Michael, it miles n of Rurrmonde.
Lim. 6 6 b. lat. 51 st H. '
Venota, a town of Naples, in BuRIn
cata, on the river Ofanto, 13 miles nw
of Acercn/a.
I'tnta de CrttK, a town of Temi
Firma, in the illhmut of Darien, fcatcd
on the river Chagre. Here the Spani-
ards ufed to bring the merchandife of
Pern and Ciiiti on mules from Panama,
and embark il on the river for Porto
Hello. It is 30 miles n of P.inama.
ytuKone, a town of Italy, in the
country of Friuli, fuuate on ,|he Ta-
gliamento, 18 miles nnw of Friuli.
Vertt, a town of Spain, in Granada,
34 miles NNE of Almeria, and 8a a of
Granada.
Fera Cru», a city of Mexico, in
Tlaicala, on the gulf of Mejcico. The
harbour is defended by a fort, lituate
on a rock of the illand St. Juan de
Ulhua, nearly adjoining. This pott is
the natural centre of the tieafnn; and
meichandifi; of Mexico, and it recervc*
much E India produce by way of Aca-
palco from the Philippine idands. Here
tlie rtiips from Spain receive the pro-
duce of the gold and (i^ver mines of
Mexico. An annual fair is held here
for the rich merchandife of the Old
world ; and fuch crowds of Spaniards
attend, that tents are ere(5ted for their
accommodation. The Old Town, li
miles to the nw, is femous on account
of the landi ig of .Cortex, with joo Spa-
niards, when he undertook the eon-
queft of Mexico Vera Cruz is soo
miles Kse of Mexico, Lon. 96 50 vr,
lat- 19 5 N.
^era Paz, a province of Mexico, in
the audience of Guatimalaj bounded
on the N by Jucat.w, e by the bay and
province of Honduras, s by Guatimala
Propep, and w by Chiapa. It is 6)11 of
mountains and forefts; but there are
many fertile vallies, which feed a great
number of horfes and m<iles. fi^cvt
are alfo many towns and villages of the
native Americans. The capital, of the
Came itanaei or Coban, is a bilhop's fee*
V E R
ut in inconfiderable. It is uo milet
MB of Guatimala. Lon. 90 55 w, lat.
«5 %o N.
Veragua, a province of Mexico, in
the audience of Guatimala; bounded
oil the N by the Caribbean ^cu, e by
ihe province and bay Of Panama, s by
the Pacific ocean, and w by Cofta Rica..
It is laj miles long and 40 broad, sma
is a mountainous and barren countrf,
but abounds in gold and HI ver. £t. Jago
is the capital. .
Vtrber'f, a town of France, in ttie
department of Oiff, on the river Oiftr,
10 miles NE of Sonlis.
Vercelli, a city ot Piedmont, lately
the capital of a lord(hip of the fame
name, and a bifhop's fee, and now the
capital of the department of Sefia. In
1705 all its fortifications were demo-
liilicd by the French. The townhoufe,
the governor's palace, and the hofpitai,
are handfome ftru.^lurcs. The iniiabit-
ants are eftimated st 20,000. It is fcat-
«d at the conflux of the Ccrva with the
Sefia, 40 milrs NE of Turin. Lon 8 :4
£>I.it. 45 .^I N.
VercholenskyA town of Ruflia. in the
governmeiit of Irkutik, feaicu on the
Lena, i2omiIes N oflrkutfk. Lon r 105
35 B, iat. 54 o N.
Vercbotura, a town of Kuffia, in the
sOvernment of Perm, and a bifliop's
fee. This was the firft town the Ruf-
iians built in Siberia. It is fltiiatc near
the river Tnra, 120 miles n of Catha-
rinenburg. Lon. 60 15 e, lat. 58 45 n.
Verd, Ca/>e, a promontory on the w
coaft of Afiica, 145 miles nw of the
mouth of the Gambia. Lon. 17 31 w,
lat. 14 44 N>
Verd hlanJi, Cape, iflands in the
Atlantic, above 300 miles w of the coalt
ol Afi-ica) between 13 and 19 n lat.
They are faivl to liave been known to
the ancients, uuder the nume of Gor-
i .de-s; but not vifited by the moderns
tr.ll they were difcovered, in 1446, by
Anthop* Noel, a Gcnoefe, in the fervice
' f Por.iig.il, and received their genera!
t.amc from their fituatiwn oppoiite Cape
Verd. They are ten in number, lying
i« a femi :ircle. The names are St.
Antonio, St. Vincent, St. Lucia, St.
Kicolas, Sal Bonaviftn, Mayo, St. Jago,
Fuego> and Bravo. St. Jago is tlie
principal.
Verdeti, .t duchy of Germany, in the
circle of Weftphalia, 28 miles long and
nearly as much brpad ; bounded on the
w and N by the duchy of Bremen, and
E an*d s by the duchy of Luneburg.
It confifls chiefly of heaths and high
dry l^nds ; but there are good marlheS'
V B R
on the rivers Wefer and Atler. It wm
formerly a bifhopric, which, at the
peace of Weftphalia, was fecularifed,
and ceded to Sweden; in 1712 it was
take' by '.he Danti, who, in 1715, ced-
ed it to the eledv oral houfe of Brunf-
wick, v/hich cedion, in 17 18, was con-
firmed by the Swedes. The inhabit"
aiit.-^ arc Lutherans.
Verden, a town of Weftphalia, C9pital
of a duchy of the fame name. It cor-
tains four churches, and is feated on a
branch of the Aller, 18 miles ese of
Bremen. Lon. 9 20 e, lat. 52 58 N.
I'erdun, a ftrong town of France, in
the department ofMeufe, and abiAiop's
fee. The citadel, which is a regular
fortification, was conftru<Jted by Vau-
ban, who was 41 native of this place-
Befide the cathedral there are one rol-
legiate and nine parifh-churches; and it
is divided into the upper, lower, and
new town. Vertiun furrtndcred to the
PrufTians in 1792, but was retaken foon
after. It is fe.ited on the Menfe, :8
miles N by k of Bar le Due, and 140 e
by N of Pariij. Lon. 5 23 E, lat. 49 9 n.
JerduK, a town of France, in the df-
partrnent of Saone and Loire, feated on
the Saone, at the influx of the Doubs,
30 miles E by s of Autun. •
Verdun, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Upper Garonne, feattd on
the Garonne, 20 miles nnw of Tou-
loufe.
Vercay a town of European Turkey,
in Macedonia, 48 miles w' of Salonica.
fererh, a town of Ruflia, in the go-
vernment of Mofcow, 56 miles wsw of
Mofcow.
leygennes, a town of Vermont, in Ad«
difon county, feated on Otter creek,
fi< miles from its mouth in Lake Cham-
pi lin, and 10 n of Middlebury.
H'rina, a town of Terra Firnfla, in
the province of Cuinana, celebrated [or
iU tobacco. It is fUuate 011 a gulf of
the Atlantic, ;$ miles e of Cumana.
Lon. 03 >t^ x', lilt. 10 8 N.
JermandoiSf a late territory of Franco,
in Picardy; which, with the late terri-
tory of Suiflbtmois, is row included in
the department of Aifnc. It abounds
in corn, and excellent flax.
PermantoH, a town of France, in tlic
department of Yonne, 14 miles sse of
Auxcne.^
t'ermejoy a river which rifes in Tucut
man, on the borders of Peru, flows SK
to the Paraqua, and enters that river »
little above its jun<*\lon witii the Pa-
n.ira.
Vermontt one of the United States of
Anierica; bounded on the k by Lower
Canada,
diVides i
MaflTach
It is 157
divided
Windfbi
Benning
den, Fr
of high
divides
between
Champl.
this chai
other ev(
the Gre(
to the ft
.1I«r> It wat
lich, at the
I fecularifed,
1712 it w.ia
in 17 15, ced-
ft' of Brunf>
18, was con-
Fhe inhabit-
ihaliai capital
me. It coi>
i feated on a
niies ESE of
;. 5258N.
of France, in
md abilliop's
is a regular
iled l)y Vau.
(f this ulace-
are one rol-
irches ; and it
', lower, and
idered to the
retaken foon
le Menfe, ;8
ic, and 140 E
i, lat. 49 9 N.
e, in the de.
ire, fcated on
: the Douhs,
:p, in the de-
ne, iVattd on
NW of Tou-
>can Turkey,
of Salonica.
ia, in the go-
niles W3\v of
mont, in Ad-
Otter creok,
Lake Cham-
(ury.
a Firnla, in
t'iehrated Tor
)n a gulf of
of Cumana.
ryrf Franco,
i«j late terri.
included in
It abounds
ince, in tlic
liles ssE of
Tes in TucUt
ju, flows SK
Ithat river a
ki. the Pa-
ed States of
by Lower
V E R
Canada, t by the Connecticut, which
divides it from New Hampihire, s by
Maflachufcts, and w by New York.
It iii 1 57 milos long and 6$ broad, and
divided into eleven counties; Windham,
Windlbr, Orange, Caledonia, Effex,
Bennington, Rutland, Addifon, Chitten-
den, Frankliu, and Orleans. A chain
of liigh mountains, running N and s,
divides the (tate nearly in the centre,
between the river Connedlicut and lake
Champlain. The natural growth upon
this chain is hemlock, pine, fpruce, and
other evergreens: hence they are called
the Green Mountains, and give name
to the Itate. The country is generally
biliy^ but not rocky, and the foil is
fertile- It has numerous ftreams and
rivers, which alt rife in the Green Moun-
.lains : the Lirgeft are on the vv fide, and
the.chief are Otter creek, Onion river,
La Moille, and Mifchifcou: ; the moft
numerous are on the e fide, and the
largeft are Weft river. White river, and
Pooufoomfuc. Iron ore abounds in
this ftate, and renders it the feat of
flouriihing manufa(^ures of everj' thing
tliat can be made uf iron and fteel; the
other chief roanuCfidlures are pot and
pearl-afi), maple fugar, and fpirits. The
principal town is Bennington.
Vertut- See Lsoire.
Verneuil, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Enre, feated on the Aurc,
ix miles sw of Evrcux, and 65 w by s
of Paris.
Verneuily a town of France, in the de-
partment of Allier, three miles from the
river Allier, and 15 s of Moiiiins.
fernon, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Eure, v.ith a fortrefs at
the end of the bridge, over the Seine,
a7inile8 SE of Roue 1, and 4a nw of
Palis. ^ '
reroi't, a town of Italy, in Campagna
di Roma, fcated on the Cofa, three miles
s of Abti.
. Verona-, a city of Italy, capital of tiic
VcT'inefc, and a bifliop's fee. It has
three forts, and is fiirrounded by thick
walls, deep ditches, and good ramparts.
The river Adige divides it into two
puits, which communl.ate by four
bridges. The ftreets are neither clean
nor ftraight; the bell is that called the
Corfc), which is pretty lonj:, and there
is a handfome fquare called the Piazza
d'Armi. This avfj h famous for anti-
quities, and the molt remarkable ftruc-
ture is the Roman amphithfatre, of
which fcven ro\v3 of benches of white
marble are ftill eiiiirc; but various re-
pairs have been niadc from time to time.
Jn th« townhi^'jfc are the ftatuen of five
VEH
illuftriotis natives of Verona-; natncif,
Catullus,* .Slmilius Marcus, Comeliut
Nepoi, the elder Pliny, and Vetruvius.
Bende the cathedral, there are a8 pa*
rifli-churchcs, 41 couve'ils, 18 hoipitals,
and 13 other churchdi. The palaces of
Bevilacqua and Scipio Maffe: contain
many valuable paintingi, antiques,
and other curiofities. Moft of the
buildings are of marble, above 30 kinds
of which are found in the neighbour-
hood. The principal trade arifcs from
the manufaAures of filk and woollen*
and next to them are thofe of gloves and
leather. Near the city is a delightful
place, called Campo Marzo, where two
annual fairs are held in May and No-
vember. Verona was taken by the
French in 1796, and retaken by the Auf-
trians in 1799. It is ao miles nne of
Mantua, and 54 w of Venice- Lou. 1 1
18 K, lat. 45 a6 N.
Veronese, a province of Italy, in the
territory of Venice, bounded on the m
by the Trentitio, e by the Vicentino
and Paduano, s by the Mantuan, and
w by the Brefciano. It is 35 milec
long and 27 broad, and a very fertile
country, abounding in com, wine, fruit,
and cattle.
Verovitza, a ftrong town of Sclavo-
nia, feated near the Drave, 65 miles n w
of Eflek.
Verre-z, a town of Piedmont, with a
fortrcfs fo ftrong by nature as to be
deemed impregnable. It is .'•5 miles
SSE of Aofta, and 35 k of Turin.
Verrieres, a town of Swift'erland, in
the principality of Neuchatel. The
environs are celebrate^' for excellent
cheefe. It is fix mitfcs ene of Pontar-
lier, and so wsw of Ncuchatel. -
Verrua, a town of Piedmont, in Moiit-
ferrat. In 1705, it was befieged jjy the
French, who did not carry it till after
fix months, when it was reduced to a
heap of ruins, becaufe the commander
had blown up the fortificationp. It is
feated on a liill, near the river Po, 18
miles w of Cafal, and 20 ne of Turin.
Versailles, a town of France, capital
of the department of Seine and Oife. It
contains 60,000 inhabitants, and, fincc
the revolution, has been created a bi-
fliop's fee. Jn the reign of Lewis *tii,
it was only a fmall village, in a foreft
30 miles in circuit; and htre this prince
built a hunting feat in 16.30. Lewis
X I V enlarged it into a magnificent pa-
lace, which was the ufual refidence of
the kings of France, till 1789, when
Lewis KVi and his family were remov-
etl from it to Paris. The buildini^s and
gardens were adorned with a v<dt,num«
.«
J
. 11^ B »
Ii«r of ilatuMy \3f iKe gvnteiW «rfv.
V^ tk« «rat«fw«yks wisrt oiaKBificcnt.
T'« f ftrdtiMr wilb tk» parli« Are ftvc
«uk»i{i <uvcwBMlv>lef k mi4 furround«4t
by vnlU. V«r(aiUl«» is- lo ni|I««- wyw
•f Paris. Lolr^ a 7 », bt. «• 4» k.
*^/«i/)l>i»%^owtk of Kentucky, chief
of Woodford <io«ai(y) feaied oo a rmaU
iiwiA w'liel^ tfow»Hit# Kentucky riverr
»^ MiMc» ' V by a of LcMngton^
HfMtm a- towit of Uaogaryv and a
liflMBp'* Ut. tt ooiitain» k»me eiten-
fiv« bc.niac\i»;. and near it ave the vuioi
oCa caftle. Ik it iS mUea n^ o^ Vipa*
Iwwsy aUid 4> » of T<mefwar<
FtrHutf* Wwn of Franc*, in^thie dc«
pStttnont ol itio* Here» m f^it, an at-
tenpt }»M swide to fom a harbour, m
oppofiiion to Geneva, and great fuma
«rer* expeadcd for that purpofe ; but k
wn foan alter fdinqtiKbed* It is Seat-
ed on the lake of Geneva, at the influx
•f'tha river Yetfoix, fix miles »> of Ocx,
aad feven m of Ocacva.
Uttt Bay> SctFunJy.
Verttu, » tmvn of Francei in* the de-
portment of Mams, feated at the fbot
of T'. mountain, on which are good vine-
yy.rda, i> mileasMf of„Chidon», and 78
:«BoffcU'8-
Fertiefh a town of the Netherlands,
ii*tlte terntopy of Iliege^ which ha» »
ConfideraMe traffic in cloth. It is feat-
ed' oiv the Weze, four miles sw of Lim-
bur|»,and 17 es« of Liege.
Vervinsr*. town of France, in the dcn
partmcnt of Aifne, famous for a treaty,
in 1598, between Henry iv of France
and Piitli^i (i ofSpain. It is feated oa
the Serre, 40 miles ve of SoifTons.
Verxuoht a town of Piedmont, with
a caftle. . It is ftirrounded" by an an-
ient wall, fl<mked with towers, -and
ktted' itt a very fruitful foil, near ''he
VrwMiV three miles s of Saluzzo.
f Uyt % towr: of France, in the de-
pBitMet^ ;/k Aifne, on the river Aifne,
ic T^•<e8 EME of SotiTons.
FesHui, a town of France, capital of
the department of Upper Saone. In its
ticinity is a mecicinal fpring. It is feat-
ed at the foot of a mountain, near the
river DUrgeon, 24 miles n of Bjefancptwi,
and 106 tsa of rroyea. Lon. 6 i n,
iat. 47 36 W-
Vesprith an cpifcopal town of Hun-
gary, capital of a county of the fame
name, wi.h a caftle. It is feated on the
Sed, 19 miles w by s of Stuhlweiflen-
burg, a^d 70 ssE of Prefburg. Lon.. vf
^7 Bt lftt.47 16 N. . ,,
Festtrvius, a volcanic mountain of Tla-
ly, f«ven miles e of Naples. It in near
j0 miles in circuit at tb« bafc, aad about
UFA
fiAO feet high. Towatd the fffit it it
covered with fniH trenand vineyaitfsi
but on th« 8 aad w fides* aAd on tit
top, nothing is to be fien bitt black
afhes, cinders, and ftoneiw The* tdp of
Vcfuvius IB drvided into two.pointu, aM
the fonthemmoft it called Monte di
Somma. The enpfion in Ihe y«Rr jf^
under Tttu8» was accompanica hf an
earthqu^e, which overtnmed fetcnti
cities, ptrtictrlarly Pompeii and Hevctt<^
laneum ; ."^nd this ertiptien proved fatal
to Pliny the naturaltft. Great quaoti'*
tics of alhes and ftilphureona fmoke
were carried not only to R^me^ bnt
aifo beyond the MedSCerraoeany intd
Africa; hirdi were fiiiibcat«d ki the air»
and feH down upoa the grottM;
and fifties pcriflied' in the neigMonrii^
Tfsi':r», which were maRle hot,' and in*
feAed by it. Another very vioiedt
eruption, in r63i, totally deftroyfd the
town of Torre del Greco. The enip-
tion in 1767 was the ijib froth thfi
time of Titus, fincc tvhicb thcvr have
been 1 1 others : next to Chofe in 79 and
1 63 1, that of 1794 was the moft viok^nt
and deftruAive.. In this eruption the
lava flowed over 5000 acres of rich
vineyards aitd cultivated lands, and the
town of Torre del Greco was agaiwdet
ilroyod | the fop of the mountMillike-
wife fell in, and the crater is now fittle
ihort of two miles in circnrnfercnce.
Fevai/, a town of Swiflerland. capi-
tal of a bailiwic, in the Pays de Vaud*
The principal manufa^ure ia hats, it
has a large trade in cheefe, and its wir.e
is in great eftimation. It ftands near
the lake of Geneva, 10 miles e by s of
Laufanne. Lon. 7 o K, \9.t^^6 %$ ^•
Feudre, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Allier, on the river Allie/,
17 miles Nvv of Moulins.
Veyne, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Upper Alps, 1 3 miles w by
s of Gap.
Ftzelay, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Yonne. In ij6o, this town
being in the pofleflion of the Calvinifts
was btfieged by the troops of Charles
IX without fuccefs, after the lofs of
J 500 men. Theodore Beza was a na-
tive of Vezelay. It is feated on the top
of a mountain, near the river Cure, a6
miles E by 8 of Auxerre.
FezeJifce, a town of Fn^cc, in the
department of Meurte, feated on the
BrrnOn, 1 a mile* s of Nancy, and 14
SE of Toul.
'llfii, a government of Siberia, for-
merly included in the government of
Tobolik. L is divided into the two
proviuccB of Ufa and OiYnburg.
govennaw
ftated Ml
flueiitte w
hyatifM
the princ
ttiftkr}. filit
It. by E Q
Wurtsbni
Ugento,
d'OCranto,
and as sw
¥gliaiikt
miii^N.af
iwniacnt <
leather an
4f miles w
ranMCf feat
of VaraUo^
FiaiMut,
taan, featet
QfP»iBa»i
Fiana, a.
felted near
Logronno,
Douero c 1
^tcflktSfdefc
by Kof Bn
in Luxemb
and new^^ tc
has a caftle,
confiderabU
leather. It
burg, and x
^ir/ir, a
caftle. It ^
French, whi
tions. It i(
miles 9 of
Rotterdam.
wa; former
takes ita nj
Which ilbw
joins the Ki
Fiatkoi »
government
biflrop's fee
merly called
the river S'm
Lon. i4 15
Fianma, 1
vernment c
eminence, 8
Fikorg' i
le fnt it I'tf
vineyardai
but black
The tdp of
potntit, ahd
Mont^ di
u«a by an
Md fe^cnll
Kid Heveu'^
>ro««d fatiil
eat qnaoti'
mi* fmoke
ft^HM^ bat
tnetti, intd
> froMil;
'ighbonrhig
My' and in*
try vloitiic
ftroy«d th«
The crop.
^ froiA' thd
tihc»e hsv«
e in ;f9 and
noff tiotent
-ttptloii th«
res of rich
ds, and the
IS agaiB>4et
i now Tittle
land, capr-
8 de Vaud*
is hats, it
nd its vrynt:
lands near
B by s of
46 95 N.
in the de*
iver Allie/,
in the de-
niiles w by
in the de-
, this town
Calvinifts
of Charles
lie lofs of
was a na-
on the fop
Cure, S.6
cc, in the
ed on the
', and 14
>erla, for*
ntaent of
K the two
V I a^
Ufih'* ten^a of Siberia* capital of the
govenMBSDt of the feme name. It i*
feated tm the river Ufa* neay it* con-
fluence w.thi the Sielaia, 769 miles m
by • tff MdcQw,. LoQ* 56 « ^».kit* 54
f'jpfk/nimf « Kivrn of Franconia, in
the pnnctpaKty of Anfpacb* with »
fiaftW-}. fituate on the Gollaeb*, 15 miles
If by E OK Rotenbucgt and »» 9b vi
Ivui tsbuijif. i ^,' •
Ugeato, a liowir e^ Naples* in Terra.
d*0«ranto« dght miles w of Alieffiuia*
aadt a« sw of Otnmto»
UgHmiit a town of Piedmont* lune
nillE^ N. of hrrea* and t6 esk of Aofta.
Ujfiiek^ a to«n of Ruffia/, in the gO'
TcnitBent of Jiarajkul, with a trade in
leather and imp*; feated on the Volga*
4S miles w of JaroflauK
Ugagtm, a town q£ Italyv in^ the Ml*
bneTe* feated on the Tofsb 16 nulea n
of Varattoi and 45 nw of MiIml.
FjihUhui, a town of ftaly* in the 14an-
taan, feawd on tbe Po, eight miles K
«f PaiBa»and 17 s of Mantu^.
f^na, a town of Spain* in Navarre^
felted neat the Ebro, four miles nb otf
Logronno* and 4a sw 0/ Pamplona.
^M* a town of Portugal, in .^ntrr
Douero c Miidio, at the mouth of the
Lif^ with a good harbour for fraall.
iicfl)its* defended by a fort* ao miles w
by K of Braga.
f&iu^». a town of the Netherlands,
in Luxembtirg, divided into the old
and new town b^ the river ITren. It
haS'Acaftle, on an inaccefltblerack, and
confiderable manuta^ures of cloth and
leather. It is %t miles m of Luxem-
burif, and ai nw of Treves.
rmnettf a town of S Holland, witii a.
caltle. It was taken, in 1673, by the
French, who. demnlifhed tbe fortifica-
tions. It is' (eated on the Leek, feven
milee 9 of Utrecht*vand jfo e by n of
Rotterdam.
VlatsJia., » government of RuiCa, which
wa: formerly a< province of Kafan. It
takes it* name from the river Viatka,
Which fltt^wB thfough the country, and
joins the Kama.
FiatkOf atown of Ruflia, c.ipital 6f a
government of the fame name, and a
bifhop's fee, with ai caftle. It was for-
merly called Khlynof, and is feated on
the river ViMka, 100 miles n of Kaflin.
Lon. 54 15F., lat. 57 15^ N.
FioBima, a town of Ruflia* in the go-
vernment of Smolenfk, feated on an
eminence* 80 miles n e of Smolenflc.
VUott. Seemiturjf.
titf* toWa of CrMKCt m the defMurt*
V I n*
ment of Mewte* ieatcd on ^e %wlk$
IS milca s rf s of Nancy.
Vkt OS l^qut, m town of Spaia, n Ca«
talonitt*aQdabiaiop'sfffe. Ilit/«MNiA>
in a fiwtile plain* oa ~s ifpM nv«r that,
flowa hit« tj>e Te>, 35 miJeyx o( Ua»^
cejona. Lon. a r^ e, iat, 41 55 v.
Fto Bigarc, a town of France, i« tbe -
departnwnt of Upper Pyrenees fiteatftT
ott.tbe Adour* la (nilea n of Tarbes.'' ^
Vie U CamHtfy a lown crfi Fvanca^ ill
the department of Tuy de Dene, «Ath
» palace* where foianeriy tbe cowBits.<if,
Auvergne refided. About a mile fipoMi
it are mineral ipriogi. It is feated iwr
the AUier» 15 miles sr of Cktrmont. i
Vii Fezaisatt a towfn of FraBce*. m.
the department of Gers* feated oa the,
DoHxe* 15 mik's w of Aueb.
Fic^rml, a town of Hungary,, with l^
caftle on the top of a rock, in^wbicbi
the crown of Hungary was fbnncrif
kept. It it) feated on the s fide of the
Danube, eight mileft ss of.Gran>, and'
i6)NW pfiBuda*
Pt^entino, a country of Italy* in- the.
territory of Venice; bounded on (he n
by Trenttno and Feltrino, £ by Tre-
vilbno and Fadnano* s^by Paduaao*>
and w by Veronefe. It is 35 miles lony
and xf broad, and iy pleaiant aqdfttv<>
tile* that, it is called the garden an#
flefli-market of Venice. Here are alfiii
mines of B'ver and iron* and qiianistt
of ftone* aluioft as fine as marble*
Vteenxat a city of Italy, the ^apitd:
of Vicentino, and a biflK^'s fee. It it.
without walls, but is a large pUeet.
adorned with above ao palaces- from the'
defigns of Palladio* who was a native
of this place. The cathedral is embri-
liflied with nmrUe, and has fome good
paintings; befide which there are wove
60 other churches, and in that «f St.
Corona, the Ingh. altar and the painting:
by Paul Veronefe of the Msgi paying:
adoration to Chrifl;* attraft particular
notice. In tbe fine fquare before tb^
townhoufe are two lofty cohnnp)^ with.
St. Mark's winged lion on one of tbem«
and 00 the otiier a ftatue of our $a«'
vioar. Tlie other temnrkable placesi
are the Monte dellu Pifta with its line"
libnary* the P.tlazzo Vechio with its*
admirable paintings* tl>e Theatrum
Olympicum after the modd of the am^
pliitlieatrc of Palladio* and the triuna*
pliai arches in the public pronttenade of
Campo Marzo. The principal manu-
fa(ftures are filk* damafh* and ta^ta.
About four miles from tlie city, on a
mountain, is the church Delia Madonnu
di Monte Bert ico* which is much fr^:.
VI E
j^etAiS by p^ikrlnsy and hat a fine
Hontifpioce^ witn a convent clofe by.
VitifBMaii feated in a fertile Jplain. be-
t«ralMi~tw6 bills, at the union or the
ri^lea BachigUene and Kerone, at
utiles a of Verona, and 5s w of Venice.
I«on. II 40 B,' lat. 45 a8 K.
■ Vkbjft a toil^n or France, in the de-
partment *of AJKer, near which are
ibme niineral l^rings. It isTeated on
the Allier, 40 miles s of Moulins.
Vteo, a town of Naples^ i|i Principato
6iteri<ire, near tbie bay of Naples, five
.miles NB of Sorento. -
Vtn-, a town of Corfica, in which is
the cathedral of the biihop of Sagona,
ar town now in ruins. It is 15 miles
sw of Corte, and 30 s of Calvi. . z^-
Vteovarot a town of Italy, in the pnH'
vinee 6f Sabina» ieated near the Teve-
n>ne, 10 miles 'NB of Tivoli.
"< yietoriaf Fort. See Bancout,
Vtehkt^ town of Ruflia, in the go-
vtoiment of Vologda, fituate oh the
Va^a, 156 miles NNB of Vologda. Lon.
4t 45 E, lat. 61 40 lf<
Vienna, a city of Germanv, capital
of Auftria, and an archbifbop's fee. It'
^ ftands in a fertile plain, on the right
bank of the Dunub<l, at the iufiux of
the little river Vieif. The city itfelf is
not of great extent, nor can it be en-
larged, being limited by ftrong fortifi-
cations, but it is populous, and con-
tains 78,000 inhabitant's. The ftrects
ih general are narrow, and the houfes
b^b; hut there are feveral fine fquares,
and in' that called Jofeph-fquare isaco-
lofllil equeltrian ftutue in bronze of
Jofeph II' Some of the public build-
ings are magnificent; the chief of them
are the imperial palace, the palaces of
the princes Lichtenilein, Eugene, &c.
the imperial chancery, the extenilve
imperial arlbnal, the city arfenal, the
i^int, the general hofpital, the tuwn-
houfe,-the cuftomhoufe, the bank, the
library, and the mufeum. Vienna -was
ineffeftually befieged by the Turks, in
1589 and 1683. At tht* latter period,
the fiege was raifed by John Sobiclki,
king 9? Poland, who totally defeated
the Turkifli army. No houfes with-
out the walls are allowed to be built
nearer to the glacis than 600 yards ; fo
that there il a circular field of that
bnadth all round the city, which has a
beautiful and falutary tSti&.. The eight
fttbarbs are faid to contain 220,000
inhabitants; but they are not populous
in proportion to their fize, for mnny
Aoufet have cxtenfive gardens. The
draunfiEmioe of the city and fuburbs
it upward of 1 8 miles. Many fiunilies
who live during the winter wHthin the
fortifications, Jbend the (hmmer in
the fubnrba^ The cathedral ia built of
freeftone, and the fteeple contains a
bell of uncommon magnitude, caft out,
of the cannon taken froni the Turks.
Joining to this church it the archbi-
fbop's palace, the front of which is
very fine. The oniverfity had feveral
thoufand Ibildents, who, when this city
was- befieged, mounted guard, as they
did alfo in 1741. The archducal li-
brary is much frequented by foreigners,
at it contains above 100,000 printed
books, and 1 0,000 ' manufcripts. The
archducal treafury, and a cabinet V)f
curiofities of the houfe of Auftria, are
great rarities. The Danube is here
very wide, and contains feveral woody
ifles, one of which is the prater, or
imperial park ; it alfo forms a fort of
harbour, where are magazines 0f naval
(lores, and ihips have been fitted cut to
ferve on that river againft the Turks.
The trade of Viennn isinta flourifiiing
ftate, and it has manufactures of filk-
ftuffs, gold and filver lace, tapefiry,
looking'glaflcs, &c. In 1805, this city
furrendered to the 'French and their
allies; but was given up by the peace
at Prcfiiurg. It is <o miles w of Iref-
burj^, 3jo NKB of Rome, and 570 £ of
Pans. Lon. 16 16 e, lat. 48 13 K.
Vienna, a town of Maryland, in Dor-
chefter county. It carries on a briik
trade witb, the neighbouring feaports,
and in fitiiatc on the Nanticoke, 150
ntile!! sw of Philadelphia.
Vienney a town of France, in the de-
partment of Ifere, feated on the Rhotic,
over' which it had formerly a bridge,
but only fome piers ronain. In the
5th century, the Burgtntdrans made it
the capital of their kingdom. . Before
the revolution, it was the fee of an arch-
bifhop, and the capital- of a province
called Viennois. The cathedral is a
handfome Gothic ftruAure. In 131 1,
a general council was held here, at
which pope Clement v prefided, and
among other matters, the fupprcilion
of the Knights Templars was determin-
ed. The commerce of Vienne confills
in wines, filk, and fwurd-t lades. It is
15 miles ssK of Lyon, and 38 nw of
Grenoble. Lon. 4 56 k, lat. 45 ^t n.
I'ienne, a department of France,
formed of part of the late provinvc of
Poitou. It takes its name from a river
which rifes in the department of Cor-
reze. and flows into the Loire five miks
above Saumur*. Poitiers is the capital
VIL
fknitetVji^t «4ep«itaK8t •IVranct*
c(Mnprifiirjir<BC lnt« province of I4in<Aq>
I/imogm M tie oapil*!.
i?«ncMlr% a town of Brandenj^Mrg,
in the Ucker mark, feated on the ViNkf
near its cooAox vtiik the Oder* m miles
■mofPrenslo.
ffenun, a to«»n of fTHfm* in tke dO'
partment of Cher, faqMus fbr itb foraei*
II it Oated on the ChcTr new tlMf tnffux
of the Ycvrei tf milm irw ti M«urg«f»
«d 4l; • by 8 ef Orleaintk
fiM«f, » towit of Mflftln, in Csi^-
■atn, ftated ok tiie gulf uf Venice* in
the place called the Spur of the Boot,
and. at the foot of nount Gnrgnnu, 45-
mile» )»« of Manfiredonia. X««n. 16 40
l»lal. 41 51 N.
ffkft St. or St Vitfi, a tow» of the
Ketherlands* in Lu«embuF|, near tJie
fource of the Uren, 24 milca sm of
Limburgk and4B » of Luxemburg.
f%iamt z town of France* in the de>-
partmerrt of Gard, 22 miles wsw of
AlsMa, and 3 S w nw of Nlfme*.
Vigevanot a. town of lt«ly, in the
Milaaeie* with a ftrong oaftle on a rock ;
featsd WAX the TeGno» ifi miles aw of
Milan.
VigiMy a town of France, in the de-
partment of Meufe, on the river Meufe*
16 miUss B of Bar le Due* and 24 ass
of Verdun.
JTtgnuolay or Vigmlat a town of Italy,
in the Modenere* 15 miles sk of Mo*
dena.
Figa, a feaport of Spain, in Galicia,
fituate on a bay of the Atlantic, div
fended by a fort on an eminence, and
an old caftie. It has a gond harbour,
into which, in i7aa» the Englifli and
Dutch fleet forced thtir pailage, and
made tbemfelves maltersof the SpaniHi
plate-fleet, wheit juft aitived from Ame
rica> In 17 19, the Riiglifli got poflef-
fion of Vigo, but relinqulflied itaftQr
raiting contributions. It (lands in a
fruitful country, 14 miles wnW '>f i uy,
and 47 a of Compoftella. Lon. 8 40
w, lat. 4> 14 N.
Vthiersf a town of France, in the de-
partment of Mayeiine and Loire, %o
miles s of Angers, and 20 w by s of
SaumuF. ^
yiUdne, a river of France, which
rifes in the department of Mayenne,
pafles by Vitre and Rennes* divides the
department ol' Morbihan from that of
Lower Loire, arid enters the bay of
Bifcay, below Roche Bernard.
Villa de Condu^ a town oi Portugal*
in Ehtre Douero e Miivhoi At the mouth
«f tbe Ava, aomiie« n> of Qpor^o.
J^Ua FJoTf a, towat uf* Pottugol^ in
Vfi
BniBaniEa.
Vt^n FroKfOi a feaport of the QOMlir
of Nice* with a caftie and feet, ink
harbovr ia capacious* and tho aioiin*
taioa whieh ioicloft it extend into tljc
fea Kke promoatoriesk h was taka
by the French in 1795* by the Frenot
and Spaniards in 1744. and by tte
Frencii in t79> It is three milea a of
Nice.
^^lia Frane9p a town of Ktaly. ia tbtf
Veronel^ with a itUt manufaauro^ t^
miles s of Veronft.
plJu FnmcM^AV9vm oif Portugal* ih
wWaaMura, on the eftuary of the t^
«o miles Nk of Lifbon,
fWa fytneat a town on the a coift
m St. Miehad* one of the Ator^^
defended by a foirt and other worM>
Oppofite this place* half » mile trpm
the ihore, is a unall ifland, which baa a
bafin with a narrow entrance, where
fifty iMflels might anchor in wcwity*
It is 16 miles e by n of Pimtadcl Ouda,
X-on* 25 30 ^t lat. 37 50 N.
Viih Franco ie Panadts, a town of
Spain, in Catalonia* iS miles w by s of
Barcelona.
l^ilUi Hermosat a town of Spafh* in
Valencia, near the river Milias, 58; mi)^
N of Valencia.
Ftlla Htrm^vt a town of Mexico, Ii<
the province <.: Tabafco, on the rivec
Tabafco, 60 miles sw of Tabafco, and*
70 NB of Cbiapa. Lon. 94 5. w, lat. hf
45 ".
Vtlltt 4e llwtttt the capital of the
ifl'tnd of Fayal, one of the Azores. It
is feated on the w coaft, and has a har-
bour, land-locked on every fide except
the E and ne* and defended by fe^ersi
fortH. Lon. a8 41 w, lar. 38 3a n.
VUla d'Iglttiasy a town of Sardinia.
and u biibop's fee* 35, miles wsw <]f
Cagliari.
Villa Joiotgt or J^ffiat a tovrn of^
Spain, in Valencia* on the coaft of the;
Mediterraneun, 18 miles SNe of Alicautf
and 24 s of Gandia.
Villa Nova ^Afii, a fortified town el
Piedmoht, ^4 milea w of Aili.
V^l((t Nova da Cerveroi a town oC
Portujpd, in Entre Duuero e Minho»
fiMiate on the Mitiho* near its naoukhK
37 milea mw of Braga. and 45 n ot
Oporto.
Villa Nova de Portimao, a fortiBed
feaport of Portugal, in Algarva* oa^ f^'
river which forms a fp^ious and ftofi^
harbour, defended by two forts. fkU
nine miles en a of Lagos, and 4s w by
s of Tavira. Lon. 8 37 w, lat. 37 is v.
Vilk iia>i»dt<FortOi a to«n oi For*.
fogtU ih Entre Douhv e Mtnhd, feated
«a the Doueroi oppufite Oporto (on
wMieb it depends) and dliefended by fc>
veral (an:
•' yii/a Nwa Je Princi^e^ a town of
Ikafil, (ituate nfar the diamond mines,
•rjo miles w of Porto Seguro.
* Villa Ileal J a town of Portugal, in
.Tra los Montes, feated at the conflux
of theCorgo and Ribera, la miles k by
ioi'Li\n\f.go, and 38 sb of Braganza.
- ^ Villa Feat, a toWh of Spain, in the
t>r<)vince of Valencia, near tbe Minjares,
40 mil(*!i NNE of Valencia.
< Villa Real, a t >wn of Brafil,in the
province of Spiritu Santo, 150 mile* w
by s of Spiritu Santo. •' '•
* Villa Fica, a town of Chili, on the
lake Malabangen, 60 miles nb of VaU
divia.
' f7//« Vichsa, a fortified town of Por-
tugal, in Alentejo, with an old caftle,
and a palace where the dukes of Bra^
p.)nza formerly refided. In the fuburb
is an ancient temple, originally built to
the honour of Proferpine; and in the
neighbourhood are quarries of iinr
freen marble. It is 12 miles sw o.
£lvi«s, and 3,^ n e o£,£vura.
* Villa Vtciosa, a town of Spain, in
Afturias, feated on the bay of Bifcivj
32 miles NE of Ovieclo.
^ Villaeh, a town of Germany, in Ca-
rinti>ia, with a caftle. Near it are me-
dicinal baths. It is feated at the con-
flux of the Geil with the Drave, 16
mih's w by s of Clagenfurt.
Villaine, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Maycnne, 16 miles e by N
of Mayeiine.
Villamiel, a town of Spain, in Leon,
48 miles s of Ciudad Rodri^o
Villarino, a town of Spain, in Leon,
on the river Douero and confines of
Portngal, 45 miles wnw of Salamanca.
Villedictt, a town of France, in the
department of Manche, 12 miles nne
of Avranches, and 18 se of Coutances.
Villefort, a town of France, in the
department of Lozere, 18 miles e of
Mende, and 19 n of Alais-
Villefrancbe. a town of France in the
department of Rhone, furrounded by
walls, and feated or the Saone, 18 miles
11 by w of Lyon.
' yillrfrancbe, a town of France in the
(kpai-tment of Eaftem Pyretees, with
a tort J feated on the river Tet, %$
a^^wsw of Perpig«an.
fmfranehe, a town of France, in the
de|)i#tfflent of Aveiron, with a great
trade in linen cloth; feated on tht
Aveiron, 20 miles w of Rodez-
' VHltfrarnhh a town of FnmM) in the
•depaitmeitrof Upper OatoAneKonthe
canal royal, a» miles iK of'Toiuoufe.
Villejmve, a town of France, in tbe
department of Ririt; four iniK^ s of
ViUtmur, a to^m <of BAince, m the
department of Upper Garonne,* feated
on the Ifam, is mHta mkb •f Tou^
loufc. • ■ '
Viltenayti town of ^in, in Murcia,
.with a calkle, formerly of great ftrength.
In the neighbourhood is a niorafs. from
which fait is made. It is 18 miles ssK
of Almanza, and 50 tf by e of Murcia.
Villeneuve, a town ef France, in the
department of Lot and Garonne, on
the river Lot, tf miles N of Agen.
Villeneuve, a town of France, in the
department of Gard, on the Rhone,
oppofite Avignon, 21 miles bne of
Kifmes.
Villenettve, a town of SwiiTerland, in
the canton of Bern, fltu^te at the e ex-
tremity of the lake of Geneva, three
miles from the influx of the Rhone,
and 14 esE of Laufanne.
Villeneuve de Berjf, a town of France,
in the department of Ardeche, 13 miles
s of Privas.
•^ Villers Coterets, a town of 'France,
in the department of Aifne, tz miles
aw of SoifTons, and 44 n e of Paris:
ViUmgen, a town of Suabia, in the
Brifguu, ftrong by nature on account of
the furroundlng mountains and narrow
pafles. Here is a Benedictine abbey,
and a good bath in its neighbourhood.
It is 20 miles e by n of Friburg.
Vilteck, a town, of Franconia, in the
principality of Bamberg, near which
are feveral founderies. it is feated on
the Vils, 20 miles n of Amberg.
Vilibofen, a town of Lower Bavaria.
In 1745, the Auftrians took it by ftorm.
It is (ituate on the Danube, at the in-
flux of the Vils, II miles w by n of
Paflau.
fllvorden, a town of the Netherland*,
in Brabant, with an ancient caftle, feat-
ed on the Senne, feven miles nne of
firuflels.
Vimieire, a tbwn of Portugal, in Alen-
tejo, 1 2 miles w by N of Eftremos.
Vimiera, a village of Portugal, in
Eftremadura, 30 miles n of Lifbon.
Here, in 1808, a battle was fought b«<
twfcen the Britifli and French, in which
the latter were defeated.
Vimioso, a town of Portugal, in Tra
los Montes, 1 < miles wnw of Miranda,
and 17 SE of Braganza.
Vinteimes, or VinctnU a town of the
United Statea» and capital of Indianii
withafoit,. It itftatedon thcWabufti
itoAfieKOifthe
if'ToOwufe.
France»iii tb«
ur niiK*t s of
thnctt m the
aronnCffeated
NKg af Tou-*
in, in Murcky
great ftreogth.
i n)OFai>t from
i 1 8 miles 8SK
' t of Murcia.
France, in the
Garonne, on
of Agen.
France, in the
a the Rhone*
miles BNB of
SwiiTerland, in
te at the E ex-
Geneva, three
jf the Rhone*
>wn of France,
ieche, 13 fflilee
vn of 'France,
ifne» 19 miles
E of Paris;
Suabia. in the
on account of
ns and narrow
dictine abbey,
eighbourhood.
'riburg.
inconia, in the
, near which
t is feated on
mberg.
Dwer Bavaria.
»k it by ftorm.
ibe, at the in-
18 w by N of
' Netherlands,
It callle, feat*
niles NN£ of
uga1,in Alen*
\remo8.
I Portugal, in
of Liibon.
as fought be'
|)cb, in which
tugal, in Tra
of Miranda,
Itown of the
of In(U«na«
IthcWabaftf
V I N
^ppoflte the influx of the'Ombra, 160
miles WNV/ of Frmkr'ort, in Kentucky.
Lon. 85 30 w, lat 39 o w.
fincentt Cape St. the sw prnmontory
of Portugal, 25 miles w by s of Lagos.
Lon 9 o w, l.it. 37 3 V.
llncentt St- «ne of tbe Windward
Carlbbee idands, in the W Indies, 55
miles w of Barbados. It is inhabiti-d
by Caribn, a waMikfract, hct wt-iii wlioin
and the aborigines of »hc lar/er iflands
there is a ma:iifeft diJtindtion Ihty
are conjedhired to have been original'y
a colony from N America; thHr ficl■ct•
wanncr8 approaching nearer to tliofe of
the original natives of that continent
than they do to that of S America, and
their language alfo having fome affinity
to that fpoken in Florida. In their
wars, they preferve their ancient prac-
tice of deftroying all the males, and
preferving the women either for fervi
tude or for breeding. St. Vincent was
long a neutral ifland ; but, at the peace
of 1763, the French agreed that the
right to it (hould be veftet) in the En-
glilh. The latter, foon after, engaged
in a war againft the Cafibs,on the wind-
ward . fide of the iiland, who werie ob-
liged to confent to a peace, by which
they ceded a large tradt of land to the
crown. The confequence of this was,
that in 1779, they greatly contributed
to the redudtion of this ifland by the
French, who, however, reftored it in
1783. In (795, the French landed fome
troops, and again infligatcd .the Caribs
to an infurredion, which wis not fub-
dued for feveral months. St. Vincent
is 94 tniles long and 18 broad. It is
extremely fertile for the railing of fugar
and indigo; and here the bread-fruit
trees, brought from Otaheite, thrive
remarkably well. KingftbiDi is the ca-
pitoi. ^-f,;; '■
Vincent, St- one of the Cape Verd
iflands, iz miles long and three broad,
and uninhabited. On the nw fide of
it is a good bay, where (hips may wood
and water, and wild goats may be ihot.
Lon. %s 30 w, lat. 17 30 n.
Vincentt St. a province of Brafil, lying
under the tropic of Capricorn, and 'he
moft fouthem one except that of Del
Rey. The capital, of the fame name,
is' an inconfiderable to^n, having only
about 60 houfes, and the harbour will
not admit large veflels. It is fituate
en an iOand, in the bay uf Santos; 190
miles sw of St Sebaftian. Lon. 46 a8
yfi lat. 34 15 s. See Santos.
VtnemU St. a town of Spain, in Aftu>
rias, feated on the bay of Sifeayi nine
milet w by s of SantiUana*
VIR
Vtngortm, a town of Htndo6)||||^)fDi
Concin. About 10 miteg to tbe/^n^^
are fome rocks in the Tea,. ca1)ir4;^lw
gorla Rocks. The town ia Qtoiate^ )^ciir
the mouth of a river, 25 mUc n nW of
G<ia. Lon. 73 27 t, lat. 1551 W." '
yintlmiglia, a town of the tert;itoty
of Genoa, witli a fmall harhpur, and.,a
ftroiig caftle on a high rock. - In 1746,
it was taken by the king ,of Sardinia i
but recovered in 1747, by the Gennefe,
with the affiftunce ot thi- French. It la
feated on the Mediterranean, at the
niouth of thr Rotta, 20 miles ke of
Nide, and 24 sw of Oncglia. Lon. 7
i7 '■.lat- 4.^ 53 N.^
Vipalancut or Uj Palania, a town of
Hungary, in the bannat of T^mefwar,
with a fortrefs. It (lands on the Ka-
rafj, near its entrance into the Danube.
42 miles E of Belgrade, and j8 s of
Te: 'cfwar.
Pique. See/?f.
f'lre- a town of France^'in the depart-
ment of Calvados, with feveral manu-
factures of -oarfe woollen cloths. It ia
feated on tht- Vire, 30 miles SE of.Cou-
tances. and 150 w of Paris.
f^rgin. Cape a cape «f Patagonia, at
the entrance of the ftrait of Magellan;
fo called by Magellm, becaufe he'clif-
covered it on the fen It of St. Urfuli.
Lon 67 54 «', lat. 51 23 s.
Firgh Gorda, or Spanish /own, ci^e
of the Virgin Iflands, in the W Indies.
ft has two goi'd h^rbourF,'and is de-
fended by a fort. Lon 64 o w, lat. 18
Virgtn Islands^ about 30 iflands am
kejff*;, in the W Indies, betwc-n St.
Juanlde Puerto Rico and the Leeward
Caribbee iflands. They are poflefled
by the Englilh and Danes In the ficft
divifion, belon^'ing to the Englifli, is
Tortola, to which belong Joft van
Dyke, Little Van Dike, Guana, Bftef,
and Thatch iflimds. In the fecond di-
vifion is Vi'gin Gorda, to which belong
Anegada, Nicker, Prickly' Pear, the
Mu&itos, the Commanoes, &c. Of th*
Danilh iflands, the principal are St»
Thomas and St. John.
Firginla, one of the tTnited>^tates of
Amerii-a, bounded «m the s by N Caro*
lina and Tenneflte, v* by Kentucky, w
by Pennfylvaiiia and the' riv«;r Ohio,
and E by the Atlantic ocean. It. is j^S .
miles long and 324 broad, and divided
into 8a counties. Several ridges of
mountains crofs the coun'ry from m to
s, the moft railerly above 100 milea
firom the Atlantic. Here are mines of
lead, copper, iron, and coal; marble ia
found in gttat 4u^"^*^(<^<*i »t<^ Uo^
3Aa
y 1 8
k
n4 nunyiincdiciiul fpringi h«ve
IpvenM in dlfrerent pjiru. The
■dv<ri art Jamefft Ywk^ 1Up>
, ^( arid 'Potomac, which Are full
crai^nlimt harbotirtt and there are
ftianf ot^cr livcM, fqme of which are
casajue of receiving the largeft mer*
cn^qt (hipi. The i»nd toward the
mouths or the rivera ia g«neraI1y low,
a|)d At for ricct heqiPi and maize ; that
higgler upi it gcnerMly level, and wa*
tcred with fprings. TIk: ia;id near the
fea, is gciu'r.-iny faiidy* and without
l^ohes^ for which reiifua t,hv liorfrs are
feldom fliod- The ricfieft, lands lie aear
the branclies of the rivers, apd abound
with various furts of timber, furpri(ing«
ly l^rge. The principal produce >■
tobacco, wheat, and maize; but the
culture of tobacco has confidcrably d^<
clined in favour qftliat of wlieat. Tb<;
capital is Kich'mond. '
Ftmtnhergf a town of France, in the
dc^tartmeut qf, Rhine and Mofclle, late-
ly of OermilflY^ in the' elcAofate of
Troves; icated ifc^r tH<xtf<^(r<:, a^<9ilc>
wi*wpf Cobjenta.
J t%rfnt a town of t^p Netherjaqfl;,
m t||e d,uchy of Lt^M^|b^rg« aa in%0 w
of Liiiemb^rg.
yis^af>a^t«mi^ to»mof !]jndoQfl;an,
in the circar of CicaiBp]ef 50 miles hw
ofCicacole,ftnd iQovRofKmn^iijndry.
f^ifium* 2 ^^^ *>^ Ru(f[a, in the
f{9ivemtnent of TbbolllE, a63 mil«a sw
of Tobolik' I*on. 6j aa V;, lat. 6x^6 n.
Fij^, a fprtifiiad tpwn of tjb^ "kJet^t^'
lands, in the duchy of Liniburg, featui
4 the Hw(^ 15 mlei nyf Q£JUimb|i|[g:
* fff^tt. a. town of Portugal, in P^f^
apd a jbinicfp's C^, 3a xnilips s ^f t^n^^o^
and 49 NC of Coirnbra.
FjibhA rohttbokt a tov^n oft Huflij\,
in tbe government of Tver, It lias .-^
c'aitftl, wliidi, by unitii\g tbc Tveraa
njid the Ma(^, cooped the inland na^
vacation between the Cafpian and tlve
Bialtic; and fa feated on t^e river iJ^ua,'
5oii»ne«»\VofTYer.
Fisiafiotirt a couttttrjr of the Def can
of Hbdobftan, lying to thfi^E of Cbncon,'
bftwren tte K^ftt^a an4 its tributarjf
ilrernn tbe Becma. Hiii-3|^'«''^ tothe
Poojnah Mabratu^t »[)4 ^a^ous for
lijiines ofdiiainonda.
HiittpDur, Q^S^ouTi^ city of Hin-
dfiftR^n, capitlu of the country of Viita?
pour. It la 150 miles as of Poona,
and 340 'tt by w of Seringapatam. Lon.
75 19 £, lat. 17 26 N.
Fm0, a mountain of the Maritime
AlpSi in Piedmont, noted for giving
fource to the river Po.
; Uitt, iiorth and Stfith, two iflaods
V 11^
of the Hebrides, on the w cnaft of Scot,'
land. K Uift is aa milfs lon| and 17
broad, and the face of the country cor-
refponds with that of Lewis. S Uift
is 33 miles long and fevcn broadt and
trees are here equally unknown. Many
cows are annually expotted ; but kelp
is the ftaple commodity, of which about
1 100 tons are annually manufa^red in
each. The iflaod of Benbecula lies be-
tween them, and they are each about
16 miles to the w of the moft weftern
point of the ifle of Skye.
f'utula, a river which rifes in thie
Carpathian mountains on the confinea
of Moravia and Hungary, flows through
Poland and Pruifia, by Cracow, San-
domir, Warfaw, Culm, Majrienburg,
and Dantzic, and enters the Baltic, by
three mouths.
f'lterio, a town of Italy, capital of the
Iiatrimony of Sit. Putter, and a bifliop's
iee. It contains 16 parifh-churches,
numerous convents, and many palaccf
and fountains. Near the city is a, ho^
mineral fpring, much freq^uented. It is
fcated at the foot of a moyptain, in
a beautiful valley, 40 miles, nnw ^f
Rionie. Lon. is %6 k, lat. ax ac n.
te/;,5/. Sce>)<*,5/.
ritre, a town of Frapce, in the de*
partmcnt of Ille an^. Vilaine, yifith a
trade in linctl cloth, apd knit ft^kings
and gloves ; feated oi( the Vilaine, ao
ipiks>.e oC Ren^es^i and 5a se of St.
Malo.
Viirj^ /f ^J^/e* a village of France^
twq mile|>i,p of V^itry'le Trajiftois. If
Vf^ fprnrieriy a coj^^derahjc lowfn,, but
^as burnt ' by. t'^'WiS v'l i, :u]^ on th|s
accbu nl cal ic^Br^^ Th^ £q|^ axu)
Blir^undian^'in the waf witix Charles
viJij fet jf\t^m>{it|fy, with Iijjjty vniages,
I| w,is a ihii^'^e bn^njid and ruine4
by tlie troops 'oir*mpefor C harTes v .
Vitrute Rratffo^t a town of F,r!^nce,
in the dcpartiyient of Marne. It w^s
built by. Francis 'i| after the deftru(5lion
of Yitry li^ ^rijlp by ernperor Charles v,
and has a great trade in corn. It is
feated on the Marne, i« sniles snj u|
Chalons^ and 100 B of Paris.
Inituaux, a town of France^, in thj^
department of Cfitc d'Or, fej^fd kx^
the river Brainy amon^ the mountains^
where th^re a^^^ quarries of m^bl^ is
miles SE of Semur, and a? w pf I^ijqn,
Fittoria,sk town of Spain, capital ($
the diftriA of Alaba, in tipay- It {^
furrounded by double walb, anc^ th^
large ftrecta s^^e bordered with trees. I^
the principal fqnare are the tovrahoufe,
two convents, and a. fine fountain. It
has a great trade iaha dwai«».B9>^ticu*
v^'v'tr"^'^''
UL B
briy in (Vr6rd-bUdc8» which am made
hvre in large quantitiet. It is fitted on
an cnninence, at the end of a plain* fer-
tile in com and grapet. 3 a miles sB of
Biiboa« and 155 N of Madrid. Lon. a
98W, lat. 4)45>*.
Fivarez, a late territory of France,
in the kb part of Langucdbc* on the
banks of the Rhone, which parts it from
Danphiny. It noW forms th^ depart-
mentof Ardeche.
yiverot a town of Spain, in Gnlicia,
feated at the foot of a fteep mountain,
near the river Vivero or Landrova,
which flows into the bay of Aifctf. Jt
is 22 mik-8 NW of Mundonnedo.
yivien, a towh of France^ in the de-
partment of Ardeche, and lately a bi-
fhop'a lee. It is fc-ated amon^ roclcs
(on one Of whit:h the cathedral is built)
on the river Rhunc, 16 miles s by e of
Privas. Lon. 441c, lat. 44 39 n.
Vkettsko'h a town of Riiflia, in the
government of Tobollk, at the Conflux
of the Irtifch and Oby, 196 miles n of
Tobolflc. Lon. 69 15 k, lat. 61 10 n.
Viraine, a country of Europe, lying
on the borders of Poland, Ruflla. and
Little Tartary. Its name fignifies a
frontier. By a treaty between Ruflla
and Poland, in 1693, the latter remain-
ed in poflelDon of the Ukraine, on the
w fide of the Dnieper, which confti-
tnted a palatinate called Kiof; while
the f. fide Was allotted to Rufiia, and
called the government of Kiof; but
Ruflia haVin| obtained the Polifli part,
by the treaty of partition, in 1793*
the whole belongs noiv to that power.
That part of the Ukraine, on <he w
fide of the Dnieper, is but indifferently
cultivated; but that on the k fidi^ in-
habited by the CofTacs, is in much bet-
ter condition. The principal towh is
Kiof. Sefc Cosjacs.
Vlatlimir- See roloJimir.
Vlalat a town of Hindooftan, in Ca-
nara, fcated on the w fide of the fouth-
-ern arm of the lake of Mahgalorc, three
miles sw of Mangalore.
Ulafwl, a town of Scotland, in Rofs-
flilre, on the a fide of the entrance of
Loch Broom, at the mouth of a river of
its name, with a good liarbour and
commodious road. It Is a great fiOiing
ftation, and fituate in the midft of a
wool country, 4B miles w by *» of
Tain. Lon. 5 5 w, lat. 57 50 v.
[//m, or Ulabar^i a feaport of Sweden,
and the largeft town in E Bothura, with
a cftftte on an ifland, and a commodious
harbour. In 1714, thi* town was d<i-
molifhtfd by the RuSTians; and in ilioA,
the Swedes furreti<lered it td^c Kuf-
U L E^
fiap«. It it fttutte at w«
rhihr of t!ie fkine iiaine» 340 ..
fe «f Abo. Lon. SA 4« B» tat
Vrufand. 8ttm. 7^
UiietMt tux of th« fOMc^y iOmt In
the Pacific ocean, h Jita a haHbour
called Ohamaneno. Lbn. iji jt W,
lat. 1645 *•
UUtituater, a lake on the borden ef
Wcftmorland and Cumberland, 10 miles
N of Ambleflde. It is eight mites lonjkt
and abounds with char and other flin.
The report of guns, difcharged in cer-
tain ftations dll'thc lak«» is reverberated
from rock to rock, promontory, cavern,
and bill, with every variety of ound.
The river Eamont flows through thia
lake, and by Penrith, to I he Eden, form-
ing that part of the boundary line be-
tween the two counties.
Ulm, a free city of Suabia, whofe
territory exten<)s 27 miles in length and
SI in breadth. It is a |^ified, larg^»
and handfome place ; ih'which thie ar-
chives of the imperial towns of Suabia
were preferved, and the diet of the
circle t^as generally held. The cathe-
dral \k a |iii|;e magnlficient ftruAure.
Here is an excdleht college, with a
theological ieminary annexed; and a
convent for the daughters of the nobility
and citizens. Who are here educated,
and afterward at liberty to marry. Its
other fooft remarkable buildings are
the abbey of St. Michael, commonly
called Wengen, the townhoufe, the
arfenal, the magazines, and the valuaWe
to^n library. The inhabitants ar6 pr&>
teftdrits, and eftimated at 15,000; they
have a good trade in linens, fulttans,
paper, wine, and wool. The duke of
Bavaria took it in 1702, by ftratagem;
hot furreiidered it after the battle of
Blenheim, in 1704. It was taken by
the French in 1796, arid it furrendered
to them in 1805. It is feated at the
confluence of the Blau With the Da-
nnbe, oppofite the influx of the Her,
38 miles w by n of Augfbnrg, and 40
SB of Stutgard. Lon. 9 j6 e, lat. 46
Vhnen, A town of France, in tfic dc-
partmcnt of Rhine and MoAlio, lately
of Germany, in the ('Ie<5t()rale of Treves,
a8 miles w of Coblentz.
Vidt/io, or VMhoiv, a town of W«;ft-
pbalia, in the county of Ravenfljcrg,
neai> which is a medicinal fpring. it is
fix miles s of Minden.
UlrU/iiidn, a town of Germany, in
Upper Hefie, with a fortified caftle, ac
mihM SE of Marburg.
tJtriakamn, .1 town of Swetren, in W
Gothland, formerly called Bogclund,
*:j
'17 M M
int ^^e being irivcn it, in 174 it
ilimcnt to qiitfcd Ulrica QtH.
It haa a confidcrable trade in
ttte, pi^ifinnsi.tAbiicco, &c and is
jffi iRllks B of Ooihcburg.
Uhttr, a pto^iitce of Ireland, 1 16
milct long and too broad ; Itounded iNi
thf K by tut; Iriih fea, n l)y l»e N rtH-
<m ooeat), w by the Atlantic oceun,
«w ,i»y tht province of Connaught, .mkI
ft by that ot Leinner. It contains the
comities of Donegal, Lnn<ionderry,
Antrim, Tyrone, Ferai<inagh, Mona-
ghrfp. Ainugh, Down, and Cavan. The
piinL-ip.il place is I.ondoiiderry.
U/tven, or Veltzen, ii town of' Lower
. Saxony, in the duchy oi* Luneburg. It
has a trade in flitur and woo), and is
fvated on tlie Ilmenau, 40 milei ssk of
Luni'hurg.
Uh^rjtortt A town in Lancafliire, wi^h
a market on Monday. It ia feared at
the foot o^^fttme hill«i, near a ihallow
arm of the Infli fea, and has a canul to
the cilu try of the Levcn. Since the
decline of Dalton, it hao cunlidt-rably
increul'ed { and has manufadlurex of cut-
toTiy chfcl;, canvas, ^d hats It is the
port of thedinri^ of Furncfs, and ix
ports much, cum, limcHon)-, iron ore,
and blue fl.itc. U io iB miles nw of
Lancaftr, and s,€i nnw of London.
Lon. 1 1 A w, lat. 54 14 N.
Umator Umeat'^ T-'P'-rt of Swt Jen,
in W Bothnia at the mouth of the
river Uma» i'> the gulf of Bothnia.
The houfe^ are built of wood } and it
MM twice bnnit by the Ruflians It is
w»e refidence of :he governor • 'tW Both-
nia» ;tnd .^10 miles n by k o^ Stock-
holm Lun. 19 18 E, lat. 6.^ 58 n.
Umago a fnuil fcaportuf Iftria. feat-
cd ni'.-)) the gulf Lurgona, 12 miles sw
of Capo d'iftria.
Vmbriot u province of Italy, now
called rhe duchy uf Spoleto.
Umbrifltico, A town of Naples, in
C-ila^ria Literiore, ieattd on tiie Li-
puda, 15 miles N hy w of St. Stverina.
Ummerapoora, one of the mt>ft flou-
rilhin^ and wel ••built cities of Afia, the
metropolis of the Birman empire, with
a fpacious and regular fort completely
fortified after the eaftern man er. It
was founded in 1783 by emperor Min-
dengvee, four miles to the ne of Ava,
the ancit-nt capital The houfes are
railfd on pofts fn-m the ground} the
fmaller fnpported by bamboos, the
terger by <*rong timliers. The ftreets
are all ftraight, many of them wide,
paved with brick, and freq^uertly cri'IT-
cd by others at right angles. The
royal palace is a I'plendid edifice, within
UNI
the foft, and not nny nobleman of the
court is permitted to enter it with his
feet covered. Tht* tcmple» and monaf-
ti ries are numerous, and though in ge>
neral cnmpofcd of wood are vtiy mag-
niiiccnt : the unbuuiidi-d expenditun;
of gilding, which is beftowcd on the
outhdf of the roofs, particularly on
the loftv fpii-cx, rentier them objedls of
extraordinary fplendonr. Ummempoora
i» fitnalt'on a penint'ula, formed by (hie
Irrawmldy on the w, and a narrow
channel branching B from the river,
which fo'in takes a N direction and ex-
paiid» to A lake on the E fide of the city,
f'>vcn iniies long and one and a half
broad. It is jzo miles B of Calcutta,
and 610 NNW of Siam. Lon. 76 7 e,
lat. 21 57 N.
Untfertufalden, a cantoiv of Swiflfer-
lat.rl, bounded on the n by the canton
of Lncem and the Lake of the Four
Cantons, e by high mountains which
feparate it frum the canton of Uri, s
by Mount Brimich which parts it from
the canton ot Bern, and w by that of
Luccrii. It is 24 miles long and an
broa>!, and divided into the Upper and
Lowe< Valley, by a foreft calleti Kcf-
terw^ld, which crofTes the canton from
N .to s. Th«' country abounds in fruit
and CHttle, hut produces little corn and
grows no wine. Tht iuh.(bitantN are
Roman r!l>i lies. Sranz is the capital
of the Lower Valley, and Sarneii ot the
Upper and of the whole canton.
Cngvar% a town and fort of Hun-
gary, capital of a rounty of the fame
name. I^ (lands in an ifland formed
by the Ungi» 57 miles b of Caflbvia.
Lon. aa ii) E, lat. 48 42 k
Uniegowy a town «>f Poland, in the
Ealatinateof Lenczicz.with a fine caftle
elongmg to the archbifiiop of Gncfen,
fcated on the Warta, ao miles ssw of
Lenczicz.
Union, a town of Pennfylvania, chief
of Fayette county, fiiuate on Redltone
creek, 14 miles s by e of Brownfville,
and :8 Nb of Morganiown.
Uniottt » town of New York, in
Tioga county, when- the judicial conrts
are held in October. It is fituate on
the Sufquehanna, w of the influx of
the Chenango, 50 niles R by s of New-
town, and 150 NW of New York.
United Provinces (J the Netherlandst
a name given to the feven proteflant
fiattsof the Netherlands, which threw
off the yoke of Spain, and beca)^ e an
iodepcndtnt republic. See HallanJ,
and Netherlands.
-' United States ^f AmerUa, a republic
of N Araeric4| coofifting origioaMy, in
tTt-li-of
«hufni, !
ConneAd
Pennfylvi
Virginia,
lina, and
mont, T
fioce lieei
the prefe
conftitiite
is fevente
the territ<
and alfo tl
ceded to
Thefe di(
work in tl
number o
States, in
iSoi, it w
above one
of the gl<
rivers, gr
lakes, as tl
municatioi
mityto tt
England :
and excel li
of ev6ry n
towns, the
others, an<j
often the v
but go mi
tra) and fc
■particular!]
mountains,
ants live i
are made (
to to ^o
inched in 4
other, and
ends into
tween the
they haVe 1
with woo(
quently fuj
neither nai
ufed. Tht
flourifhed a
but parlian
by its fole
tervention
war enfued
congrefs, w
dependence
the French
ance with 1
powertully
cefsful ; at
ledged theii
of i7»J- '
Ihe United
*grefs, confi
prefident, fc
tativei. Tl
nan of the
it with his
ind manof-
ugh in ge-
vtiy ipag-
Kptinditun:
c(i on the
ciilarly on
objrcts of
merapoora
wd by the
a nnrrow
the river,
lon and t* x-
of the city,
and :i half
F Calcutta,
jn. 76 7 El
r
of Swifler-
thc canton
f the Four
ainR which
I of Uri, 8
irtt it from
l)ythat of
tng and to
Upper and
caUctl Ktf-
;intnn from
nds in fruit
It* corn and
bitantft are
the capital
rnen ot the
ton.
t of Hun-
the fame
nd fornied
CalTovia.
ind» in the
fine caftle
of Gm'fcn,
es ssw of
rania, chief
Redltone
rownfville,
York, in
cial courts
fituate on
influx of
s of New-
IVork.
•therlandit
proteftant
lich threw
jccao c an
Hollandf
a republic
ginahy, in
UN I
«y1.|« 'of thirteen ftatea, namelyt MafTa*
«hutns. New Hampfliire, Rhode Iflandy
ConneAlcut. New York, New Jerfey,
Pennfylvania, Delaware, Maryland,
Virginia, North Carolina, South Caro-
lina, and Gmrgia. Kentucky, Ver-
mont, Tennaflee, and Ohio, having
fiQce liecn formed, and addt^l to them,
the prefent number of the ftatei that
conftititte thi* great American republic
ia feventeen. To thefe muft be added
the territories of Michigan and Indiann ;
and alfo the country of Louffiana, lately
ceded to the republic by the French-
Thefe diftriAs are nil detcribed in this
work in their proper places. The total
number of the inhabitants in the United
States, in 1791, wa^ 3>929).326 ; and in
1801, it was .¥,305,6(8; an increufe of
above one third in ten years. No part
of the globe is fo well fupplied with
rivers, great an/i fmall (prings, and
lakes, as the United States ; that a com-
munication by water, from one extre-
mity to the other, is more eafy than in
England : and a great multitude of bays
and excellent harhourH are on the coaft
of every maritime ftate. In the large
townn, the hoiifes are of brick ; in the
others, and their environs, the half, and
often the whole of them, are of planks:
but 80 miles from the fea, in the cen-
tra) and fouthern ftates, and ftill more
•particularly in thofe w of the Allegany
mountains, feven-tenths of the inhabit-
-ants live in log-houses. Thefe houfes
are made of the trunks of trees, from
to to ^o feet long, and four or five
inchca m <iiameter, laid one upon an-
other, and fupported by letting their
ends into each other; the fpaces be-
tween the trunks are filled with clay;
they haVe two doors, which are hung
with wooden hinges, and thefe fre-
quently fupply the place of windows :
neither nails nor iron of any fort are
ufed. The thirteen original ftates long
flouriihed as provinces of Great Britain ;
but parliament attempting to tax them
by its fole authority, without the in-
tervention of their afTembt'es, a civil
war eiifued. The Americans formed a
congrefs, which, in 1776, difclaimed all
dependence on the mother country :
the French king entered Into an alli-
ance with them in 1778; the colonies,
powerfully afliftcd by France, were fue-
cefgfiilj and Great Britain acknow-
ledged their independence by the peace
of i79j' The federal conftituti >n of
the United States is governed by a con-
* grefs, confifting of a prefident, vice-
prefident, fenate, and houfe of reprefen-
tativci. The reprcfentatives are closed
ercry fecond yeart tht ftnalori^
vol
cIm|ni for fix years,' and ttic mifmlm
aoo'iriceprefident for four. CmimMI
Wafhington wai eleAed the flrft pi<»>
fidcnt in 1788. The city of Waaitng<»
ton is the metropolis.
C/ff/M, a tow9 of Woftohalia, in ^.kc
county of Mark, environed by walls
and ditches, and formerly a confiderable
hanteatic town. It is feated on the
Kottclbeck, 10 miles ssw of Ham.
Unntt,i\ river of European Turkey,
which fifes in Bofnia, on the frontiers
of Croatia, p-ilTt'S by Wihitfch, and
Joins the Save, t6 miles abovf Gradifca.
V/inarjf, a town of Sweden, in the
province of Smoland, 4j miln w of
Wexio.
Ufist, the mod northern of the She u
land iflands, 10 miles long and four
broad, and more level than the other
ifles. It feeds many ftieep, homed cat-
tle, and hogs; and about 80 tons of
cured fifii are annually exported. Lon.
I 10 w, lut. 61 10 N.
Unterseen, a town of Swiflerland, in
the canton of Bern, near which is the
famous cavern of St. Pat. It is feated
on the river Aa, between the lakes
Brientz and Thun, 33 iniles ssB of
Bern. , ■ '
Unza, a town of Rtiflia, in a province
of the fame name, in the government of
Koftroma. It is fituate on the river
Unza, 9a miles bnb of Koftroma,, L<»n<
44 15 E, lat. 5756 N. !> •
Vogbera, a town of Italy, in the
duchy nf Milan and territory of'Pai^
feated on the Staffora, nine milek hi^ <^
Tortona.
Voglabruckt a town of Aoftria^ 'on
the river Vogel, a8 miles nb of Salii-
burg, and 38 sw of Lintz.
Voidt a town of France, in the de-
partment of Meufe, 18 miles bsb of
Bar le Due
Voigtiand, a territory of Upper Sax-
ony, in the sw part of the inarqtitiate
of Mifnia, bounded on the w by Thu«
ringia and Franconia. It is very billy,
and abounds in wood ; but the '/allies
afford plenty of corn, and paftures that
feed great numbers of excellent cattle.
PUuen is the capital.
Voigtsberg, a town and citadel of
Upper Saxony, in Voigtiand, five njiles
s by E of Plauen.
Voitsbergt a town of Germany, in
Stiria, feated on the Kaiiiach, 18 miles
w by s of Gratz.
Vok-lmarky or Volkenmarky a town of
Germany, in Carinthia, feated on the
Orave, 17 miles E by s of Clagenfurt.
Volano, a towa of Italy, ia the F<c*>
VOL
imutike mouilu of &a« Po. 34 mUn u
<fF«rnira. •*•
. .WpUtmo, one of the UMft eonfidcmble
•f ihi> Li|>«ri iO'iniifi in the Mrdittfr
nnvan, lying ot tlic iflwid of \A^m,
from which it ii fepariitfii Uy 4 <t9op
ch.innel, a mHn and a hair broMd It If
It mile* in circumifunciit And t» t vol-
cano, in the furni ot a broken cone, but
rtpw emits fmokv only.
y»Uati*Uo, a Anall volcanic ifland in
the iVlcditorranean, betwi'«;n that of
liipari and Volcano.
^^ yalM0, » river of Ru(fia» which forma
pnrt of the boundary between Europe
liid AtU- It has itfl fource in two
finail lakes, in the government of Flef>
kof, about 80 miles w of Tver, begins
to be navigable a fiew miles altoyk? that
town, «nd is there augmented by the
iiiflut ol the Tverxa- It waters funte
of the finrit proviiioes in the Ruflian
empire, pafTM by Yaroflaf, Koftroma,
Nithnci NoTogoroc! Kafaiii Si'nlirflc,
Saratef, Ttaritzin, and Allracnn, and
cntcru the Cafpian ie,\. by f«:verai mouthl.
This is fupp(^*d 1 > l)C tb« largeft river
in Europe I and by mrans of it, th«
river Tvcrta. an^ 4 canal tbencr to the
Neva, there li a navigabh.* communica-
tion bctwfcA the Cofpian fea aad the
jBaltic.
Vtlkgmat a ptiatlnate of Ruffian Po«
Uml, ato milM U>ng and 130 broad (
bounded on the n by Folefia, k by
|CIof( by Podolia« and w by Auftrian
PoUnd. It ti^mfiits cbiefty of fertile
fiivm W9t«r«ri by a great number of
rivers. Lucko is the capital.
, V9lUittt^t€% a town (;f Holland, in
bveryfl^lf with a caftic i Icatrd on the
Zuider Zee, eight nilv« sw of Steea-
wich> and la nw of Zwoll.
Vflmart « to^fitn of Knflia, in the go-
vernment uf Rigai on the river Aa, (o
a;>(sn a of Kiga-
li/*, a town of European Turkey,
in Janna, with a citadel and a fatt. It
was tak4*n, and almoft ruined, in 1655,
by th« Vfnetians. It is fi><ited on a
gulf or the fume name, where there is a
good harbour, sjo miles as of i|arifla.
Lon. ix $t B, lat .)9 21 v.
I^lodimirt or ViaJimiri a |[ovei'nittent
of Knftia, formerly a province of the
government of Mofcow. The Ibil is
fsxtnmcly fertile, and in thp forefts are
innumerable fwarms of bees.
, yolodimir, or VladlnuTt a town of
Huffia, capi^i of a goverament of the
fame name. It is feattd on the Kliafraa,
1 10 milea e by k of Mo&ov. Lou. 40
a»B, lat. 35 saH.
VO K
Vtkiukt • •ovccfiMenl of AimBui, di-
vided into tlM t«o pravinoa of Vo-
logda and Uftiug' It ia a marliy eoun-
try, full nf iorcfts. lakes* aod riven,
aud noted for its ftac wool.
Ft/djfditt a town of RufAa, capital of
![ province of the fame name, and the
ee of an arcfabKhop. It baa a magni-
fluent cfltbcdraU Mveral churches, a
callle, and R fortrefs. The prindfal
trade is in Kemp, matting, leather, and
taliow. It IB featod in a marfti, or the
river Vologda, which flows into' the
Sukhona, 357 miles N by k of Mofoow.
Ltm. j|9 46 i^, lat. J9 to N.
y^hit H town oJF RuiTia, in the go-
vemmcnt of Sarntnf, fituateon the Volga,
76 milfs KB of Saratof. Lon. 47 4J a,
lat. Ks 15 N.
^//K, a river of Ouiaca, which fc<
paratcs the Quid coad from the Slave
coaft. and cnterit the Atlantic ocean*
FtJtaght a town of the territory of
Genoa, 15 mik> n by w of Genoa.
y»ittmi, a walled town of Tufceny,
in the territory of Pita, oentaining fe-
verxl antiquities. It >• feated on a
mountaie, jo miles saw of Florence,
and^a sB of Pifa.
Fgitri, a town in the territory of
Genoa* near which the Auftrians were
defeated .y tNe French in tffp* It if
fix milci w of Genoa.
F9liurar4, a town of Naplea, in C«i
pitanata, feated at the foot of the Apen«
nhesr ao mites w of Lucera, and 5a ms
of Naples.
Fohurnot a river of Kitplea, which
rifea in the Apennines, paftt by Ilernia
and Capua, and eatere the gulf of
Gaieta.
Ftlvkt a town of France, in the de-
partment of Puy dc PoiM. Here are
immenfe quarries, which furniih ma-
terials for the buildings of the adjacent
townfl,and for the ftatuea in the churches.
It is fix milea n of Clermont.
ydottit a fort of Holland, lu GeMer-
land, (>n a fmall ifiand formed by the
Waal and the Mcufc, at the t end of
Bommelwert# fevcn ntil^ a by n of
Bomm^l.
Voorftt an ifland of 8 Hnlhind, b^
tween the mouths of the Meufe, to,
miles loHg ar^d five broad. This illand,
wHh Goree »nd Overftackee, form the
territory called Vodmtand, which an-
ciently beioiiged to ZealuM. Briel is
the capital.
VarJent a toWn of Weftjthalia, ia the
pi[inoipalify of Ofiiaburg, zo mites nnb
ofOfnabUi^.
Fcr^H, a town of W PrUifia, on th^
Viftulty where a (cM i« coHcdled from
am at Vo-
ariif foun-
«m1 rivefit
ii capital of
nt, and the
as a tnagni-
:hurcb«a» a
e prihci^
iMtheri ai)4
irflii OM the
19 into' the
Df Mofisow.
in the §9'
n the Volga,
Ml. 47 4i t,
I, which Urn
A tl)« Slave
« ocean*
territory of
Ocno».
)f Tufcnny,
atalning fe-
Mted on a
»f Florencfit
territory of
ftriana were
iff6. It it
b>Ie«, id C»«
)ftheApen<
I aiMl 5« MS
)le»> which
ft by Ifinrnift
It gulf of
n the de-
licre are
kirniih itia-
le adjacent
chitrchet.
H Gelder*
ltd by the
t «nd of
by N of
lland, be:
Vieufe, to.
his ifland,
form the
which an-
Brie) is
ilia* !■■ the
nuesHMe
, on the
U P P
Mill |dnt«^MMl down tlMtrivwr. It
k $i mMM saw of CHlm.
FtTM^gim, « town of Suabta, in the
^rhttipality of HohenzolWrn, ittuate on
the Laudkartf i« mtlet ac of HohentuU
lern.
iHWiru, a government of Ruffia, the
capital of which, of the fante name, ia
ieated on the Voronez, near itt Junftiort
with the Don, a.)o miles «sb of Mof-
Cew. Lon. 39 14 c, lat. 51 36 n.
Vo!iett a depurtment of France, in-
f hiding the SB part of the late province
of Loirain. It is fo called from a chain
of mountains, formerly covered with
tiroodt that feparatel this department
from thofe of Upper Saone and Upper
Khine. Epinal is the capital.
Voitrtm, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in
Natolii, feated on two eminences near
the gulf of Smyrna, 0* miles w by s of
Smyrna.
f^n'iy^, » ▼illage of France, In th«
department of Viennc, to miks w of
Pottitfrs. Here Clovis gained a battle,
in S»7* agaiitft Alaric, ktng of the Vili-
gotht, which extended the French cm-
pire from the I-oire to the Pyrenees.
VolfUhanf, a eity of China, capital
f»f the provitio4 of Hou-quang, [«nd the
fetide2v(it)9, M it wercf of all the com-
mcixial penple in the empire. As every
branch of trade is carried on here, its
port, on the Kian-ku, is always crr^wded
with veflels | the river being f(>iii<Himes
covered with thent to the diftanee of
two leagues. The beautiAil cryAal
found in its uloutitains, the plentiful
crops of fine tea, and the prodigious
fal« of the bamboo paper m:ide here,
cMtribute no Icfs to make it famous
than the continunl influx of fti-angers.
It is 655 miles 8 of of Peking. Lon. ii%
«5 E* lat. 3d 30 M.
Fotauers, a town df France, in the
department of Ardentivif, on the river
Aifne, 28 miles s of Metieres, and s%
KNK of Rheitos.
Ufioliami, a vilktge in Lancaftiire,
with confiderable manufaiflures com-
inon to the county, three miles w of
Wigan.
Vplandt a province of Swedcil, in
the divilion of Sweden Proper, between
Sudcrmania, WcfkthariiA, OeArici»« ai<d
the Baltic. It is ft odHes long and 45
broad, chiefly covered with flupeiefe
ffoiiet ind iolpenetrabte \v«ted8 $ but it
is envic'bed wKb ineihanftible mines 6f
copper^ ippn* and AHmV i and the pea>
^nfs are ohteBy tdniioyed ii» the mante.
fadiire of Ihpfie laetab. StodtJuHm ils
the capital*
' ^/fii»S^H't a t«WA ipr RuCTafdOnre,
UR A
with t market on WedncMan fltaUd
ongn eminence, fix miles • of OakhMB,
aoa 89 N by w of London.
I>i«/. a city of Sweden in VflaW*
and an archbiihop's fee, with a univcr-
itty. It is divided into two almoft
equal parts by the river Sala ; and the
ftret-tH are drawn at right angles from a
central kind of fquare. A few of the
houfcB are built of brick; but the ge>
neralitv are conftrudted of wood, paint*
cd reel, and the roofii are covered hi
with turf. Upfal was formeriy the
metropolis of Sweden ; and near it is
the moraften, or (tone, on which the
king ufed to be crowned. The anctent
palnce wasa magniricent building, until
f;reat part of ii was con fumed by fire,
n j^os- The cathedral, a large flnic*
ture of brick, contains the remains of
the famous Gultavus Vafa and Charles
Linn^. The univerfuy is the tnoft An-
cient in SweOen, and the firft feminAry
in the north fur .icadethical educAtidn.
The Royal Society hcni is iikewife the
oldeO literary academy in the north.
Here is an obiervatory, planrted by the
celebrated Celfius, from which the
Swcdilh geoj^rapluTs compute the lon-
gitude) alio a botanical garden, 4f
which the famuus Linn^ was fuperin-
tendant. Upt'al is feated in a vaft open
plain, fertile in corn, 35 miles nmw of
Stockholm. Lon. 17 39 e, lat. 19 i;a a,
Upton, a town in Worccfterfliire,
with a market on Thuriday. feated on
the Severn, 1 1 miles % m Worccftcr,
and III wnw of London J
Umebi A town Of Stiabia^ in tbe duchy
of Wirtemburgi with a decayed caftle
on a mttuntain. It bus d great trade ih
pHper, damafliLfc, and lineh. and is si
mites ssb of Stiitgard.
Uniguagf a province of Pihaguay, fo
named tior.i a l.irgc river, which unites
•tvith tiie TKranui 70 miles above Buenos
Ayres, and forms iht famoiwrrrer Plata.
Ura/, a rivtr of Kuflia^ which rifcs
in Mount Ciucafus, flows by OrenbUfg,
Uraiik, and Gui'ief, and enters the Caf-
pian fea by three mouths.
Ural Mountain], a chain of monA>
taiirs extending from the 50th to hear
the 67th degree of n lat. or abotit it 50
milrt, and has by the Rafltans been
called the back of the world. Tte
central part of this chain abounds in
metals; and they contain fine whit«i
m^Me. , Pauda^ nne of the higheft
mo|intnins, is faid to be 4^12 feet above
the level of the" iea. 'This chain forms
a cpnfiderable part of the boundary hQ-
twetn Etirotjp and Afia.
\'talian Cossacs, a Tartar irifiie ihkt
U R B
hitabit the Ruffian province of Oren-
bul^g, on the s fide of the river l^ral.
Thefe CofTacs are (iefceiidtid from tfeofe
«if the Don ; and are a valiant race.
They proftfo the Greek religion : bat
there arc diffentcrs from the cftal)li(hed
religion, whom tht Ruf.iaiis cilled lios-
kolnilei, or Separatillu, and who ftyle
themfclves Staro-venii, or OM Believ-
ers. Thefe conlider the fcrvice of the
eft.ibliflied church as prnfme, and h;ive
their own priefts aud ceremonies. The
Uralian CulTacs va J».ll enthuliaftt for
the ancient rit»!a:, and prize their beirds
almoft equal to their lives. A Ruifian
officer having ordered a number of
Coflac recruits to be publicly ihaved
in the town of Yaitlk, in 1771, this
wanton infult excited an iti-jrrsflion,
which was fupprcfll-d for a tirne; but,
in i77,<, an impoftor, Pus>atchef, who
aflumed the name of Peter in, appear-
ed among them, and, taking advantage
of this circumftance, rouft-d them once
more intD open reiieliion. This was
fiippreflTed by the defeat and execution
of the impoftor ; and in order to ex-
tinguifb aU remembrance of this re-
bellion, the fiver Yaik was called the
Ural; the Yaik Coflacs were denomi-
nated Uralian CofTacs; and the town of
Yaitik was named Urallk. Thtfc Cofllics
are very rich, in corfequence of their
fiflieries in the Cafpian Tea. Their prin-
cipal fifliery is for llurgeons and beluga,
whofe roes fupply large quantities of
caviare; and the fifh, chiefly failed and
dried, afford a confiderable article of
confumption in the Ruflfian empire.
Uralsk, a town of Ruflia, in the go-
vernment of Caucafus and province of
lOrenburg. Itwasforaierly called Yaitlk,
and is feated on the river Ural, 375 miles
NNE of Aftracan. Lon. 50 10 e,lat.
SZO N.
Uraniburg, once a magnificent caftle
of Denmark, in the ifland of linen. It
was built by Tycho Brahe, a celebrated
allronomer* who called it Uraniburg, or
Caflle of the Heavens, and here made
his obfervations. It <s now in ruins.
Lon. 1243 K»lat. 5555 N.
Urbftn'ut, a town of Italy, in the du-
chy of Urbino, built by Urban vm,
on the Metro, feven miles ssw of Ur-
bino.
crbanna, a town of Virginia, in Mid-
dlefex county, on the Rappahannoc, 22
miles from its mouth, and j^ ne of
Richmond.
Urhinsy a duchy of Italy, in the Ec-
clefiaftical State, 55 miles long and 45
broad; bounded on the n b; 'lomagna,
NK by the gulf of Venice, se and s by
USB
Ancotifl, and w by Perugino and Tof*
cany. The air is not deemed whole-
fome, nor is the foil fertile. The chief
produdtion is filk, and game is plentiful.
Urbino, a city of Italy, capital of the
duchy of Urbino, and an arcbbiihop'i
fee. The palace, where the dukes for-
merly refided, now belongs to the pope^
The univerfity contains a nr ble college
and fixteen convents. Great quantities
of fine earthen ware are made herei
and it is famous for being the birthplace
of the illuilrious painter Rnph-iel. It
was taken by the French in 1796. It
ftands on a hill, between the rirerH Metro
and Foglia, 58 miles e of Florence, and
1 2o N of Rome. Lon. 1 2 40 e, lat. 4j
46 N.
Ure, a river in Yorklhire, which rifes
on the confines of Weftmorland, flows
by Middleham, Ripon, Borough bridge,'
and Aldborough, and a little below
joins the Swale, where the united ftream
formb the Oafe.
Uredertt a town of Weftphalia, in the
principality of Munfter, with manufac-
tures of excellent linen ; feated on the
Berckel, 26 miles w n w of Munfter.
Urgel, a town of Spain, in Catalonia,
and a bifhop's fee. It is feated on the
Segra, in a fertile pIaio« furrounded by
mountains planted with vineyards, 78
miles NNW of Barcelona. Lon. i 28 e,
lat. 42 24 n.
Urghenzt a town of the country of
Charafm, of which it was formerly the
capital ; feated on a fmall river which
runs into the lake Aral, 90 miles nnw
of Khiva. Lon. 58 30 e, lat. 41 24 n.
Urij a canton of Swiilerland, 30 miles
long and 1 2 broad ; bounded on the
N by the canton of Schweitz and the
Waldfladter See, e by the cantons of
Grifons and Glarus, s by the. bailiwics
of Italy, and w by the cantons of Un-
derwatden and Bern. Altoif is the ca-
pital. See Schweitz-
Uri, Lake of. See IValdstadter See.
Urmundt a town of France, in the
department of Lower Meufe, lately of
Germany,in the duchy of Juliers; feated
near the Meufe, 10 miles nke of Maef-
tricht.
Urseren, a town of SwifiTerland, in
the canton of Uri, fituate in an elevated
valley, on the Renfs: if miles sse of
Altorf.
Ursitz, St. a town of SwifTerland, in
the late bifhopric of Bafel, indebted for
its origin to a hermitage, built in the
feventh century by St. Urfinius. It is
feated on the Doubn, fix miles s of Po*
rentrui.
Utb:s Tartarjff avaft country of Weft*
«l>n Tarts
country 1
tan, a b)
Perfia,an
Tartars
govffned
princes,
they wer
Tartarian
pride the
from T?n
the ancit
prefent
Ufbecs,
have belt
gaging
Their re
they didh
the pe'iplt
Hindoo(t.i
Uscapii
Usedom,
rania, in
moi'ths of
two forts
It has a to
sw coaft,
Lon 14 2
Ushant,
coaft of t\)
oppofite C'
circumfere
hamlets 3i.\
48 28 N.
Usiugen,
Wetteravia
Weilburg.
the former
NalTau Ufi
Ufbach, I a
Usk, a ri
the w fide
Brecknock,
fliire, pafli
Cacrleon, a
channel.
Usk, a to
a market or
of japaimei
of a caftle a
is convertej
church is n
feated on t1
Monmouth
Uslar, a
the princip
NW of Got
Ujsel, a
partment e
Tulle, and
Ustaniot
anonefe, fe
?*EofCren[
Vftaritz,
3 and Tofk
ncd whole-
The chief
is plentiful,
pital of the
rchbifhop't
; dukes for*
:o the popci
ble college
it quantities
nude here}
i birthplace ,
iphaH. It
n 1796. It
rivers Metro
lorcnce, and
^o E, lat. 43
, which rifes
rland. flows
oughbridge,*
little below
nited ftream
halia, in the
th manufuc-
lated on the
t^unfter.
in Catalonia,
;ated on the
rounded by
ineyards, 78
Lon. I zi E,
I country of
brmerly the
river which
miles NNW
4a 24 N.
ind, 30 miles
ded un the
itz and the
cantons of
le. bailiwics
tons of Un-
iif is the ca-
fadter See.
nee, in the
ife, lately of
Hers ; fcattd
I E of Maef-
flerland, in
an elevated
ilos SSE of
iflerland, in
ndebted for
3uilt in the
Inius. It is
les s of Fo<
IryofWeft*
.,t UST
«i^ Tarlanr, bounded on the n by the
country of the Kalmucks and Turki'f-
txn, ■ by Tiber, s by Hindooftan and
Perlia* and w by the Cafpun fca. Tbtfc
Tartars are dtvidi-J into Ci-'veral tribes,
governed by their refpcdivc khans, or
princes. Wlifii undei om- fovercign,
they were the mod powe rful of all the
Tartarian n.ui' >ns. 1 he principal khans
pride themielves in being dcfccncted
from Tamerlane, whofi; birthplace w.u
the ancient city ot Samarcand, the
Srefent c<)pical of th<. couniry. The
rfbecs, in their perCons, are faid to
have bettf-r complexions and more en-
gaging features than the Kalmucs.
Their religion is Mahomctanifm; and
they difTier, in .general. v«ry little from
the pe'iple of the northern provinces of
Hindooltan-
Ujcapia. See Scopia.
XJsedomy an ifland of Hither Pqine-
rania, in the Baltic fea, between the
moi'ths of the Peene and Swin, with
two forts named alter thefe two rivers-
It has a town of the fame name, on the
sw coaft, 40 miles nw of Stettin.
Lon 14 z E, lat. 53 58 n.
Usiianty an ifl:tnd of France, on the
coaft of the department of Finifterre,
oppofite Conquet. It is tight milen in
circumfr;rence, and contains feveral
hamlets aud a caftle. Lon. 5 5 w, lat.
48 28 N.
Ushtgen, 9 town of Germany, in
Wetteravia, and county of Nalfau-
Weilburg. It has a ha?ulfome caftle,
the formt-r relidence of the princes of
NalTau Uflugcii, and is fcated on the
Ufbach, I a miles sse of Weilburg.
UjJt, a river which rifes in Wales, on
the w fide of Lrecknocklhire. flows by
Brecknock, and ertfring Moiimouth-
fliire, pafles by Abergavenny, Uflc,
Caetieon., and Newport, into tht Btiftol
channel.
UjJi, a town in Monmouthfliirr, with
a market on Monday, and a manufadturu
of japanned ware. Here arc the ruins
of a caftle and priory ; part of the latter
is converted into a farm houfe, and its
church is now the parifti-chnrch. It is
feated on the river Ulk, i z miles sw of
Monmouth^and 141 w by n of ! .ondon.
Uslar, a town of Lower Saxony, in
the principality of Calenberg, 14 miles
WW of Gottingen.
Ujse/, a town, of France, in the de-
partment of Correze, 3* miles ne of
Tulle, and ^j ese of Limoges.
Vjtanio, a tt)wn of Italy, in the Cre-
sionefe. feated on the Oglio, 12 miles
J* E of Cremona.
Vsiaritx, a town of France, in the
UTT
department of Low«r' Pyitneetf- Ak
mil*f S8E of Bayonne.
uitica, a fmatl ifland in the Mediter>
ranein, 25 mik>a;)» of thecoaft of flicilr.
it ivas for centuries uninhabitrd, ex>
cept by wild noats, till in the year 1765,^
a citadel was built and a colony fettled.'
The ifland is without fprings, and only
Cupplied with frelh water by rain kept
in cifterns. Lon- 13 26 £« lat. 38 47. n.
Ustiuj^, SL town 9f Ruffia, in the
government of Vologda, capital of a
large province of its name, and an arch-
bifliop's fee. Great quantities of grain
are lent hence to difierent parts, hit
feated on the D wina, at the influx of the
Sukhon», 464 miles ne of Mofcow.
Lon. 16 30 E, lat. 61 15 N-
Utrecht,^ one of the provinces of Hol-
land, 30 niiles long and 20 broad ; bound«
cd on the ^ by Holland and the Zuider
Zee, B and s by Gelderland, and w by
Holland. The foil is fertile, and ther«
arc no inundations to fear as in the
other provinces.
Utrecht, a fortifled cfty of Holland,
capital of a province of the fame name,
with afamous univerlity. It is of a fquare
form, aboutthree milesincircumference»
without its four fuburbs, which are
confiderable- The inhabitants are eftf-
mated at acooo. 'Fhe fteeplc of the
cathedral is very high, and the hand*
fomeft in Holland. There is a great
number of churches and hofpitals; and
the townhoufe is a noble building.- The
principal manufactures are fllk and fire-
arms ; and in a place called the Mall is
an extenfive foundery for cannon ballsi
Two canals, called the New Graft and
the Vnert, run through the city, and
over them are 36 ftone bridges- 'I'h*
environs are full of gardens, walks,
and groves, which, added to the pu-
rity of the air, render Utrecht one
of the moft agreeable places for re-
fldence in thefe parts. Here the union
of the Seven United Provinces waS'
btgnn in 1579; *"d here was con-
cluded, in 1713, the peace which ter-
minated the wrs of queen Ann- Utrecht
furrendered to the Pruflians in 1787,
and to the French in 1795, each time
without reliftance. It is feated on the
Rhine, 18 miles se of Amfterdam, and
35 NNW of Nimeguen. Lon. 5 8 e,
lat. 526 N>,
litrerat »i town of Spain, in Anda-
lufla, r.<^ar which is a fait fpriug. It is
21 miles s of Seville.
Ultoxeter, a town in* Staflbrdfliire,
with a market on Wednefdav- and
manufaAures of hardware Jt is feated
on a riling ground, nea; the river Dove,
Wac
U miiet wKtof ifeifibM, «nr4 jji vn^
dr London. ^.^
Crix»«(A». a lAvm of Six4fl*er!s!Ji4 en-
fK**! of t btiMtfft! bdqktgtf^ ti the
«aiit*m» df ad#dtc and Glarit. It it
time miles t froth the lakie of Zurich,
toA lit w by w of OUrie.
UxMigtt A tovm in Middlefet, wiih
a nlarke^, on Thurfdaf » and a great trad^
in com and ffour. The Coin flows
through it in twoftreams,andthe Grand
Jilndtidii Canal pafTes clofe by. A treaty
^as carried on here between Charles i
ard the parHamenti ih 1644; ^4 'the
\%^ houfe in Which the plenipotttntfaries
met, is ftill cbHed the Treaty Houfe.
Near this town arti the nemains Of an
ancient camp. Uxbridge is 15 niles ttr
by N of London.
Uxbrk/gii k toirn of MAflTachnfets, in
Worcc'ftfir courity, i« miles s by e of
Worcdter, and 4° sW of Bofton.
UzeJtf. See Uttdo.
. V»el, a toivn of France, in the de-
partment of C6tes du Nord, 1 7 miles sw
bf St. Brieuc.
Vzerthe, a to«fn of France, in the de-
partment of Correze> feated on a craggy
rock, at the foot of which flows thK
Yexere, 10 miles NNwof Tulle, and
06 ssE of Limoges.
UzeSf a town of France, in the de-
t^artment of Card. Before the revolu-
tion it was a bilhop's fee, and below the
palace is a fpring that fupplies the
aquedaft of Nifmes. It is feated in a
conntry abounding in com, oil, filk,
aki good wine, i < miles n oi Nifmes.
W.
JfJj*^', a river of Hungary, which
riiefl in the Carpathian mountains, flows
by Leopolditadt, and joins the Danube,
below Comorh.
H^kalt a rivtr of Holland, being the s
branch fiom the Rhine below Emmc-
ritk. It flows w through Gclderland,
i>afi^ by Ninwguen, Titl» Boftimel, and
Gorciim, and jolhs th« Meufe, at Bricl.
tFaias/it a river of the Unittd States,
in xhe territory df Indiana. It f iftfi near
feme Imall lakes to the w of I.alce Erie,
aitd taking a ssw eourPc of 400 miles
enters the Ohio 100 miles above the
coTtfluencc of thit river with the Mifli-
flSppi. The M'abwJh is navijf.ible uo
miles, and it appr^chcl yiihin nine
miks of IH^ naTij^able waters of jLake
Erij.
WatHfnhtlifti i town of France,' in
the department uf Mont rt>nnurrc,
.J.
w A X:\m .
idtely of Glermahy, in tliKi ffafalttaklt'er
the K&irte^ 17 tniles iifn ofWctiU.
iTachovith k trsft of faihd in K-Caro-
Knir between th^ riven Daikand Yad-
kin, in the county of Surry: conflftihg
of 100,660 acres, pnrchafed by the Mo.
ravians, in 17^1, and named by them
froih aheftate of count Zintendorf 's ih
Auftiriii. In 1 75 5, by an aft of aifinhbly,
it was made a feparate pariib, cklled
Oobbs Pariih. It contains fevei^al fet*
tl^ments, of which Salem is the princi-
pal.
tVathtindankf a town of the Nether-
lands, in Upper Geld^rland, featied in a
morafs, bn the river Niers, fiVe miles s
of Gelders.
Vfachtertbach, a town of Germany,
in Wetteravia, with a caftle in which
the count of Ifcnburg-Wachterlbach
refides, so miles eke of Hanau.
Wadiib6'rokf;ht a town of N Carolina,
chief of Anion coltnty, feated on a
Ibfty hill, /Jo miles ssfi of Snliibury.
M^adiUita, a toWn of Sweden, in E
Gothland, with a caftle^ built by Gufta-
vus Vafa in t$l^^i and inhabited by his
fon Magnus, Who was infane. It is
feated on the lake Wttter, 46 milos w
of Nordkoping.
tVagehingettt a town of Holland, in
Gelderland, which has a good trade in
cattle and tobacco. It is feated on the
Rhine, i a miles w of Amheim.
lVahre)h a town of Lower Saxony, in
the duchy of Mecklenburg, feated nciir
the lake Calpio, i% mlleS s of Malchin,
and 17 WNw of New S*i«litz.
IVahrenbruckt a town of the duchy of
Saxony, on the river £ifter, 14 tnilc^ e
of Torgau.
fi'aiblinfrfnt a town of Suabia, in tlie
dUchy of Wirtertiburg, on the r'vtr
Rehis, feven miles ene uPStutgarvi.
Jf'aUhauseH, a town of the palatinate
of Biivaria, a8 miles ne of Amberg. •
IValdboveu, Bairischt a toWn of Auf-
triii, on the river Ips, 9,^ rhiles sw of St.
Polten.
IVaidlibtiittt Bohmlithi a tovtrn and
caftlc of Auftria, on the rivet Tcya, 10
miles NNw of Horn.
ff^algatit, or Vaigattfl, art ifland and
ftrait between Nova Zbmblilf and Ruflia,
Lon. tf^ ^o c, lat. 6^ ,^0 n.
Haliijleety a town in Lincolhfhire,
with a market on Saturday, feated on
the river Limb, near a ere tk of the fea,
14 miles iTE of Bofton, and 128 n bye
of London.
ff^aitxent a town of H«mgavyj and a
bifhop's fee. A large annual fair is kf^t
here. It lias frequently bten triken by
Che Turks, and v^^as burnt by them ia
f«5. Hi;
'^■^
with 9, ma
ohurches,
over the C^
ere<ted a cl
father^ wh<|
near thi^]
^qi ufe
cQa&dec^bl
cloth and l|l|
<^ the g<;
uhool, whi
both the un]
inhabitants
aS miles s\
London.
Walnchia\
Europe, 1751
bounded on
by Moldavi:
whiph fepan
w by Hungi
merous rivet
and cattle, h
and prod ucei
of European
the Turks by
1739; and t
of the Greek
by a waywod
hofpodar, whi
Buchorcft is tl
Jfialcheren,
principal one
wefterly, at t
It is nine mil
and being low
but has good
The capital (
wholeprovinc
ff^4^co^r^ a
in the countj
Was entirely
French attem
but were com]
lofs, by the pi
feated on tlie
Namur.
U'aldburgt
mti n-ime tc
Danube and
mountain, fcv(
i« s by vr of 1
midfck, a
the circle, of U
emd 34, broad :
by Lo- -er He
Weftphatia, a
of Paderborn
<?>untry,, cqvtfi
''■i^, .
ifaitiiiiitilif
ITornto.
InK-Cara-
land Ysa-
\ conflftiUg
|yy the Mo-
d by them
endorf'aih
riflt, cklied
fev4:rat fet>
the princi<
he Neth^.
featied in a
fiire milcG s
Germanf,
e in which
schterlbach
lau.
N Carolina,
fated on a
lifbury.
'eden, in E
It by Gufta-
bitfed byhjs
ifane> It is
46 miles w
Holland, in
)od trade in
pated on the
urn.
r Saxony, in
feated near
of Malchin,
z.
e duchy of
labia, in tiie
the r'vtr
fiitgarvi.
palatinate
imbefg. ■
Uiti of Auf-
;s sw of 3t.
to>frn and
Tcya, 10
ifland and
lUfld Ruflia,
Incolnfhire,
1 feated on
of the fea,
128 N by«
M'Yi and a
fair is kfftt
tnken by
them i»
W A L
mite^ IfilfjEffrt^irfc. 1<M|. 19 15 ■»
'^J^mtxwn in W Yorkihire,
with a, mximtt on Friday. Here arc twq
Qburchea, and an ancient ftone bridge
•ver the Calder, on which Edward iv
ere^ed a chapeij to the memory of his
father^ who loft his life in the battle
oeu thi^ftlace, in 1460, but has long
i^tv^ ufcd as a warehoufe. Here ar«
c<^iiGdeci^le manufaAures of woollen
clo^h and ftuffs, and a ball for the fide
^ the goods; alfo a free grurnmar-
uiliQol, which has feveral .exhibitions to
both the uniyerfitiea. The nun.ber of
inhabitants in 1801 was 8x31. It is
a8 miles sw of York, and 184 nnw of
London.
Watttcbla, a province of Turkey in
Europe, 175 miles long and J^s ^imroaA i
bounded on the n by Tranfylvania, B
by Moldavia, s by the river Danul^,
whiph feparates it froo^ Bulgaria, and
w by Hungary. It is watered by nu-
merous rivers, abounds in good hprfes
and cattle, has mines of fcvcrul kinds,
and produces wine, oil, and all manner
of European fruits. It was ceded to
the Turks by the treaty of Belgrade, in
1739; and the inhabitants are chiefly
of the Greek cburch. It is governed
by a waywode or prince, ftyled alfo the
faofpodar, who is a vafl'al of the empire.
Buchoreil is the capital.
Jf^alcherett, an ifland of Holland, the
principal one of Zealand, and the raoft
vvef^erly, at the mouth of the Schtildt.
It is nine miles long and eight broad,
and being low is fubjedt to inundations,
but has good arable and pafture lands.
The capital of this ifland, and of the
Vi'ho|epr<ivince, ia Middleburg.
/l^/ro^r, a town of the Ncthcrlatids,
in the county of Namur. In i6ij, it
was entirely deftroyed by fire. The
French attempted to take it in 1689,
but were compelled to retire, with great
lols, by the prince of Waldeck. It is
feated on tl»e Heura; xf n-fUes sw of
Namur.
Ifaldburg, a caftle of Suabia, which
lives n-ime to a county, between the
Danube and the Her. It ttands on a
mountain, fcven miles n of Wangen,and
^8 s by w of Ulm.
W«Ufck, a county of Germany, in
the circle. of Upper Rhine, 30 miles Ipnf
(i(\d 34, broad ; bounded on the e and s
by Lo- rer Hcfle, w by the duchy of
Weftphatiat and ?t by the principality
of Paderborn- It it a mountainous
cpuntryjC()veredw.Ull woods} and hn.
t^vmpfvH)**, copper, qwJ«kC»l««v«i4
SkliMt. CocL^iihiqtb^ojifital.
mild*(kt a tpwa of O^manyi, in th*
couAiy of thf Uwm nmf* v^tli a otftk 1
ieated on the Stdnb^cb, Rx milet as of
Corbacti.
tFaldien, or Saffron WaUettt a towa
Mn Eflex, governed by a mayor, with a
market on Saturday, and a trade in
malt. It has a fine large, cjhuTch, and t*
feated on i^ hill, amoi^ fieldathat were
fonnerly cultivated with faflfron. iTbe
keep of its ancient caftle is ftill to be
feci). It is 9,f miles nvw of Cbrims*
ibrd, and 42 H by b of London.
Wafdenburg, a town and caftle o£
Upper Saxony, in Mifnia, Rtuate on the
Mulda\)> The old town, on the op*
ppfit? Ode of the river, is famous for it«
brown and white earthen ware. It \n
I % iniles NN £ of Zwickau.
Waldenbur^j a town of Franconia, in
the principality of Hphenloho, with ait
ancient caftle on a mountain, fix milet
K by N of Ohringen.
Waldbeirrtt a town of Upper Saxony*
in Mifnia. Here was formerly a monaf*
tery, now converted into an orphaat
houfe and houfe of correction, in whicW
various manufadures are carried on.
It is (ituate on the Zfchopa, 30 milea
sE of Leipiic.
Waldkircbt a town of Suabia, in
Briigau, on the river £ltz, fix miles nnb
of Frlburg
Waldmmche»t a town of the pala.
tina.te of Bavaria, on the river Schwar-.
za, 33 miles bse of Aniberg.
^Vahdoboroufrht a town of the diftriA.
of Main, in Lincoln county, 16 miles K
of Wifcafllt.
lialdjasseriy a town of the palatinato
of Bavaria, near which is a rich Cift«f^.^
lian abbey, whofe abbot was fbrmerfy
a prince of the empire. It is 44 mils*.
N N E of Aniberg.
JValdsee, a town of Suabia, with a.
caftle, 10 miles nns of Ravenfburg.
Jk'alds/iut, a ftrong town of Suabia,
one of the four Foreft Towns ; feated
on the Rhine, at the entrance of the
Black Foreft, 19 miles wsw of SchaS
haufen.
Jfaidstadt, a name given to the Swifa
cantons of Lucern, Uri, Schweitz, and
Underwalden. It fignifies Forest Towns ;
tbefe cantons containing a great number
of forefts. For the Waldttat of Suabia,
fee Forest Towns.
fValdstadter Sce^ or Lake of the Four.
Cantons, one of the fineftjakp in Swif-
ferland. It confifts of thre^ principal
branches, called the lakeii ^ Lvcernit
#.
I
1
. /'
WAL
SehMrMte* and Urt. The upper branch,
or laki: of Luccm« is in the iFdrim'of a
croffii the fi.'es of which flretch 4h>m
KufTnatcht to Diillenwal, a village near
Stantz. It is bounded toward the town
by cultivated hills, floping gradually to
tlic water, contrafted on the oppoHte
fide by an fnormoUB mafs of barren and
craggy rocks ; Mount Pilate, one of
the higheft moantains in Swifl'erland,
riling ooldly fiom the lake. Towaril
the E of this branch, the lake contraAsi
intb a narrow creek, fcarcely a mile
aoTofa. Soon after, it again widens, and
forms tht fecond branch, or lake of
Sehweitz; on the w flde. the canton
of Uiulerwalden, on the e that uf
Schweitz Here the mountains are
more lofky, and infinitely varied ; fome
covered to the very fummits with ver-
dure, others perpendicular and craggy-
Near Brunu'n, commences the third
bran<jh, or lake of Un, which takes ase
diredion. It is deep and narrow, about
nine miles long, and bordered on both
Gdes by rocks uncomjnonly wild and
romantic, with forefts of bti-ch and pine
growing down their fides to the very
edge of the water. The river Reuis
jSows through this lake.
fValeSf a principality in the w of
England, 1 20 miles long and 80 bioad ;
bounded on the n by the Irilh fea, w
by that fea and St. Giorge channel, s
by the Kriflol channel, and E by the
counties of Chefter, Salop, Hereford,
and Monmouth It contains 5,300,000
acres, and the number of inhabitants in
1801 was 541,546. It is divided into
North and South Wales, each conttun-
ing fix counties ; ii,.n»«'ly, Ar.glcfi-y,
i<^narvon, Denbigh, Flint, Merioneth,
'^^'Montgomery, in N Wales ; Breck-
!^k, Cardigan, Carmarthen, Glamor-
gan, Pembroke, and Radnor, in S
Wales. It is the country to which the
ancient Britons fled, when Great Britain
was invaded by the Saxons. They are
row called Weiflj, and continue to prc-
ferve their owTi language. They vvtre
lon^ governed by independent kinirs,
till m the reign of Edward 1, their laft
prince, Llewellin, being vaiiciuilhed and
flain in the year tj8.:?, the country wus
wnitcd to England. The natives i'ubmit-
ted to the Englifh dominion with ex-
treme reluctance ; and Edward, as a
conciliatory means, promilcd to give
them for their prince a Welftiman by
birth, and one who coul ! fpeak no
other language. This notice being
received with' joy, he invdled in the
principality^ hit fecond fon, £dward}
then an infint, who hamJjIlski'hom at
Carriarvon?The death of^ vMefl fbn,
Alphonfo, huppenin,; toon aftf^f*, y<)ung
Edward became heii alfoof the Englifh
monarchy, artd iniited both natiohs
under one governni'^nt ; but frtme ages
clapfed, berorethe .inimofity which had
longfublifted between them was totally
extinguifhcd. From the time of Ed-
ward II, the eldi-ft fon of the king of
England has always been created pnnce
of Wales. The country is moimtamous,
but not barren, producing all the ne-
cclfaries of lite ; the cattle and fheep
are numerous, but fmall, and it is par-
ticularly famous for goats. It is wa-
tered by ni.«ny rivers, the principal of
which, and other particulars, are noted
in the diffeient counties.
ff'a/<fs. New North and South, a large
country of New Biitain, lying w and
sw of Hudlon Bay, and little known.
See Britain, SenO.
Wales, New South, a name given to
the E co.nft of New Holland. It was
firft explored by captain Cook, in 1770;
and a dcfign war foi m<'d, in confequtnce
of his rccimmt'iidalion. to ftttic a
colony of con^'ifts at Botany Bay.
Captain Phil'p being app(/intfd go-
vernor of tli'- intended fottlenient, failed
from Portsmouth, in May 1787, with
a detachment of marines, and 778 con-
vids, of which aio wen; women. He
arrived at Botany Hay in Juniiary 1788 ;
but finding this bay very >ni'liglble for a
colony, he fixed upon Port J.ickfon,
about 13 miles, further to the a ; and
here i fei'Jrment was h. gun. to which
he gave ihe name of Syrltiey Cove.
With reipeft to the country, a vaft
chain of lofty mountains, about 60 miles
inland, runs nearly in a n and s direc-
tion furth»^r than the eye can reach.
The general face (;f it is diverfitied with
gentle rifings and fmall windin|^>; valh^ys,
covered, for the moft part, with large
fpreading trees, which afford a fiiccef-
iion of leaves in ;tll feafons ; and a
variety </f flowering flirubs, almolt nil
new to an European, but of little {r:i-
grance, abound in thofe places which
are free from trees. The climate ap-
pears not to 'le difagreeable ; the heat
is never excclTive in fnmmer, nor the
cold intolerable in winter : Aorms ol
thunder and lightning are frequent.
The quadrupeds are principally of the
oppoffum kind, of which the moft re-
markable is the kangaroo. The native
dogs are extremely fierce, and cannot
be brought to the fame degree of fa-
milvarity as thofe we are acquainted
with. '
eaten ;
duck-bin
of a qua
complete
many bcj
among w
fwan, its
bill.tinget
cal'bwary
height of
kinds of
•fcolopend
and three
ticularly
nefts upc
manner.
'Curious
feem not
generally
Hiarks hav
and in th(
are aligat
South Wa
haps, then
of men t
naked; an
with fome
them, they
ufelefs. It
that they :
of clothin|
niences or
are pufTctn
the colonifl
be pleafed v
they derivci
preffed a p
The colour
deep choco
th filth wi
vered, prev
appearing,
regard for
fond of at
fears; fu tli
very hideoi
fkin is raifi
flefh, and ap
and all thefe
of honour-
cartilage of
through it,
Their hair i
red gum ; j
with vanou
fometimes <
beads and fh
beautiful fea
of the men v
the upper ja
hadge of hor
cai^tnon for
iointi of th<
#
born iiC
„ ffldeft fbn,
ift^, f oiing
FtheEngUfh
loth natiohs
lit frtme 'ages
(y which had
n w»» totally
time ot* Ed-
' the kin^ of
-eated pnnce
nountainous,
; all the ne*
e and ftieep
»nd it is par-
s' It is wa-
principal of
irs, are noted
^outb, a large
lying w and
ittle known.
ame given to
nud. It was
3ok, in 1770;
iconfequtnce
to ftttlc a
Botany Bay.
(jpt-intfd go-
ii-nunit, failed
r 1787, with
and 778 con-
women. He
miiary 1788 ;
u'ligible for a
(irt Jickfon,
the N i ami
II. to which
fltiey Cove,
ntry> a vaft
out 60 miles
and s diiec-
CAU reach.
eriified with
[diiig valley-i,
1, with large
rd a fucctl-
ins ; and a
Is, almoft all
lof little h:i-
laces which
climntc ap-
e ; the heat
er, nor the
ftorms of
frequent,
lally of the
e molt re.
The native
and cannot
'grec of fa-
acquainted
W A L
with. Thctvare alfo weofels and ant*
caters; with that finplar animal the
duck>l»Ited platypus, in which the jaws
of a quadruped are elongated into the
complete bilf of a bird. There are
many beautiful birds of varions kinds ;
among which the principal in a black
fwan, its wings edged with white, its
bill. tinged with red; and the uftrich or
caFowary, which frequently reaches the
height of feven feet or more. Several
kinds of ferpents, large fpiders, and
.fcolopendras, have alfo been met with ;
and three or four fpecies of ants, par-
ticularly green ants, which build their
nefts upon trees in a very Angular
manner. There are likewife many
•curious fillies; though the finny tribe
feem not to be fo plentiful here as they
"generally are in higher latitudes. Some
marks have been fcen in 'Port Jackfon,
and in the rivers and fait creeks there
are aligators. The natives of New
South Wales are reprefented as, per-
haps, the moft miferable and favage race
of men exiiling- They go entirely
naked; and, though pleafed at firft,
with fome ornaments that were given
them, they foon threw them away as
ufelefs. It does not appear, however,
that they are infenfible of the benefits
of clothing, or of fome of the conve-
niences of which their new neighbours
are puflcired- Some of them, whom
the colonifts partly clothed, feemed to
be pleafed with the comfortable warmth
they derived from it ; and they all ex-
preflTed a great delire for iron tools.
The colour of the natives is rather a
deep chocolate than a full black ; but
th:. filth with which their fkin is co-
vered, prevents its true colour from
appearing. Notwithftanding their dif-
regard for European fin<;ry, they are
fond of aJorning their bodies with
Icars ; fo that fome of them make a
very hideous figure. Sometimes, the
flcin is raifed feveral inches from the
fielh, and appears as if filled with wind :
and all thefe feem to be reckoned marks
of honour. Some of thtm perforate the
cartilage of the nofe, and thruft a bone
through it, as a kind of ornament.
Their hair is generally clotted with a
red gum ; and t|iey paint themlVlves
with vanous cokure : they will alfo
fometimes ornament themfelves with
beads and (hells, but make no ufe of the
beautiful feathers of their birds. Moll
of the men want one of the foreteeth in
the upper jaw, which appears to be a
badge of honoar among them ; and it is
caintnon for the women to cut off two
jointi of the UtUt finger. The Nevr
WAX
Hollanders appear cxtrem'ly deficient
in the ufeful arts. Of the cultivation
of the ground they have no noton.; nor
can they be prevailed upon to eut our
bread . or dreffed meat. Hence they
depend entirely for fubfiftence 'on the
fruits and roots they can gather, and
the animals and fiih they catch. They
frequently fct fire to the grafs, in order
to drive out the oppoirums, and other
animals, from their retreats ; and they
have been obferved to fet decoys for
quails. As all thefe refources muft be
precarious, it is no wonder that the% are
frequently diftreired for provihons.
Thus, in the fnmmer, they would eat
neither the (hark nor the (tingray ; but,
in winter, any thing was acceptable.
There is no good reafon for fuppufing
them to be cannibals) but they eat
animal fubitances raw, or nearly fo.
Some of their vegetables are poiibnoua
when raw, but not fo when boiled.
They fometimes bake their provifions*
by the help of hot (tones, like the in-
habitants of the idands in the Southern
ocean. Among the fruits ufed by them
is a kind of wild fig ; and they eat alfo
the kernels of a fruit refembling the
pineapple. The principal part of their
fubfiAence, however, is fiih. They
fometimes Arike the fifli from tiie canoes
with fpears, fometimes catch them with
hooks, and alfo make ufe of nets, which
are generally made of the fibres of the
flax plant, with very little preparation,
and are (Irong and heavy ; the lines of
which they are compofed being twiited
like whipcord. Some of thtm, how-
ever, appear to be made of the fur of
an animal, and others of cotton. The
meAies of the nets are made of lai^ge.
loops artificially inferted into each
other, without any knots. Their hocfks
are made of the infide of a (hell very
much refembling the mother-of-pearl.
Their canoes are nothing more than
large pieces of bark tied up at both
ends with vines ; and, confidering ^the
(light texture of ihefe velTeis, the dex-
terity with which they arc managed,
and the boldnefs with which they
venture out to fea in them, arc wronder-
ful. Their huts confift of pieces of
bark laid together in the form of an
oven, open at. one end, very low, but
long enough for a man to lie at fiiU
length ; but they feem to dei)end more
for (helter on the caverns with which
the rocks abound. It is probablej
however, notwithftanding their extreme
barbarifm, that fome knowledge of the
arts may be introduced atnon^; them, at
fome have been ileen attentively con-
WAt
fderinf the tttenfiU amI convtaitUoti
•f the Europeuiis, with a view*' ftcra*
ingly, ot mahing ficnilar impcovensiats.
In fome things alfo they poiTefs a gnat
Sower of imitation : they can imitate
le fongs and language of the Europeans
almoft inftantanfioufly, much better
than the latter can imitate theirs by
long practice ; and this talent is di/l
cernable in their Iculptures, every where
to be met with on the rocks: thdie
reprefent men and other animals, and,
though rude, are very Airpriflng for
people who have not the knowledge of
conftruding a comfortable habitation,
or of making clothes. In perfon, they
ar€ adlive, vigorous, and Rout, though
generally lean- The women have fome-
times been kept back with the moft
jealotis fenflbility, fometimes offered
with the greateft familiarity. Such of
them as have been feen have foft and
pleating voices ; and feem not to be
deftitute of modefty. The men difplay
great perfonal bravery on the appear*
ance of any danger ; but, with ^1 their
courage, they are much afraid of a
muiket. They certainly burn their
dead ; which, perhaps, has given rife
to the. flory of their being cannibals.
They feem very little given to thieving,
in comparifon with the inhabitants of
moft of the iflands in the Southern
ocean ; and they ure very honeft among
therofelves, leaving their fpears and
tkther implements on the beach, in
perfeft fecurity of their remaining un-
touched. They are very expert at
throwing their javelins, and will hit a
mark at a conliderable diftance. Their
number fecms to be few, in comparifon
to the extent of the country ; and
there is reafon to believe that the in-
terior parts are unmhabited. The ju-
rifdidl'on of the governor of New S
Wales extends from lo 37 to 43 49 s
lat. From the fcacoaft it extends
weftwardas far as i.^^j e ion. and thence
proceeding in an eafterly dIre<Stion, in-
cludes all the iilauds in the Pacific
ocean within the above-mentioned lati-
tude. See Sydney.
Waltu the capital of Beeroo, in Ne-
groland. It is 100 miles w by w of
Sego, and 270 w by 3 of Tombudoo.
Lon. 3 o w, lat. 15 45 ri.
PFathqfi a town of the duchy of
Courland. In the ytar J6a6, tlie Poles
were defeated near this town by Guf-
tAvus king of Sweden. It is 34 miles B
of Mittaw.
WaiimrkJt a town of Upper Sax*
CSV, in Thu- Ingia, feated on the Soi^e,
ciaU Qiiles MW of Nordhaufen.
WAL
Vl%4^«(i^ atowaoflSidooftas.
in the Garnatic, which b regularMr
built, and populous. Almft tl* whole
of the trade bttwacB tht country above
the Gauts and the fieacoaft centrM here.
It is feated on the w bank of the Paliar,
nearly oppefite Arcott 63 miles w by
a of Madras.
IValltHburgt a town of Swifierland^
in the canton of Ba&l, with a eaftlc on
a high rock ; feated on the Ergetz* la
miles 3 by a of Bafel.
WalkHitadt, a town of Swtflerlafid.
incorporated into the baiiiwie of Sat-
gans, but enjoying many difliniik pri-
vileges. It is a great thoroughfare for
merchandife paffing ftom Germany,
through the country of the Orifons, to
Italy. It ftunds at the a end of a lake
of the fame name, ain« miles w of
Sargans, and 15 nw ofCoire.
WaiUnstadtt a lake of SwifTerland,
10 miles long and two broad, bounded
by high mountains, except to the E and
w. On the fide of the canton pf
Glarus, the moiintaiaa are chiefly cul-
tivated, and ftudded with fmall vil-
lages } on the other fide, for the moft
part, the rocks are craggy and perpen*
dicular. Through this la^u ilows^ the
Mat, which foon after joins the Linth,
and forma the river Limmat.
Wia/Ursteitt, a town of Suabia, with
a caftle, fix miles sw of Oettingcn
fVailingford, a thorough in Berkfhire,
with a market on Tuefday and Friday,
and a great trade in corn and malt. It
was once furrounded by a wall, and
had a caftle, now demolifhed ; and
conflfts of four parilhes, but has oaly
one church now in ufe. It is feated
on the Thames, over which is a ftone
bridge, 14 miles nw of Reading, and
46 w of London.
JValiingfordt a town of Connefticut,
in Newhaven county, 13 miles sw of
Middleton, and 13 ne of Niwhaven.
ff'alliillt a town of New York, in
Ulfter county, on a creek of its name,
1 1 miles w of Newburg.
JfOrlney, an ifland of England, on the
coaft ofLancaihire. It is nine miles
long and one broad, and frrves as a
.bulwark to the hundred of Furneft,
againft the waves of the Irifli fea.
M^aipot a town of Sclavonia, capital
of a county of the fame name, with a
caftle. It is feated on the river Walpo,
w miles w of Efiek, and 1 10 s of Buda.
Lon. 19 21 E, lat. 45 35 N.
Walpok, a town of New Hampfhirej
in Chefh ire county, feated on the Con-
nedticut, 14 miles k by w of Kecae*
and leS w of Portfmoutb.
fOvCTnw
ToeTdai
hardw«r
valuable
t^eide
ami iif
fyaisb
with a
of Norw
with a m
fbrthen
a chape
<|UCI)tM
grown in
miles irw
London.
Wahro,
ia thedu(
vent of m
on tlie
Verden.
fKi/mi
duchy of
Aich, 10 n
fFttters
Saxony, ii
with the a
to SaKe-G<
cloth, and
miles sw o^
IValthun
/hire, with
the 'biihop;
merly a fta
ftroyed in
miles SSG o
5 of Londoi
Waltham
with a mat
magnificent
Harold, fc
remain. Hi
after the b
terred here
pofed to ha
in the reig
has fome gi
fa^ures of;
is feated on
which here f
» by E of Li
Waltham
fordftiirc, <
Abbey. H«
remains of a
in honour oi
. iValthanh
the river Lei
It has a larg
freefchool, s
the Thames,
■'#
18tdooft«»»
I* reguUifly
)fttkc whole
mjitry above
eentreihere.
»fthcPaUar»
nulet w by
Sw{fi«rland^
h a eaftlc on
sEfgetZf 13
Swtfl*erlapd.
iwie of Sai-
diftuid pri-
roughfara for
1 Germany*
e Orifon^ to
rnd of a lake
milea w of
re.
SwiiTerland.
ady bounded
to the E and
B canton pf
e chiefly cnl-
th fmall vil-
for the moft
r and perpen-
Vv r.ows the
ift the Lintht
It.
Suabia, with
rttingen
in Berkihire,
and Friday,
md malt. It
„ wall, and
olilhed ; and
but has o»ly
It is feated
ch is a ftone
leading, and
Connefticut,
miles sw of
vjiwhaven.
iw York, in
of its name,
land, on the
nine milei
frrves as a
of Furnefs,
fca.
>nia, capital
inie, with a
ivtjr Walpo,
o s of Buda.
iHampthiiri
>n the Con-
of K«c«e»
W A L
' ^AmU' A town in SttiTordihire,
yOTttncd 'by a mayor, with « ntarket on
TotiTda^t Ind feveral mamifaiflun-fl of
bftrdii^M'e- In the neighbourhood are
valuable tinte woikit. It io feated on
tfce fide of a hitl, 15 mil«8 9 of Stafford,
and 115 NW of London.
iVMsbmnif North, a town in Norfolk,
with a tnarki^ on Tucfday, 10 milfs e
of Nonxrioh, and 115 nn£ of liomlon.
Wi^MUfthmmt a town in Norfolk,
with a market on Friday. It h famous
ftir the ruins of a monaftcrjr, which had
a diapel of the Virgin, greatly fre-
qucntM by pilgrims- Much lafTron is
grown in the neighbourhood. It is 3^
miiei irw of Norwich, and 113 nne of
London.
Wahrode, a town of Lower Saxony,
in the duchy of Luneburg, with a con-
vent of nuns of noble extraAion ; feated
on tite Bohme, 15 miles e by • of
Verden.
IVahtnhuehi a town of Suabia, in the
duchy of Wirti-n^Jjurs:, on the river
Aich, 10 miles s by w of Stutgard.
ffkhershausenj a town of Upper
Saxony, in Thuringia,.auJiich belongs,
with the adjacent eaftlc of Tenncbcrg,
to Saxe-Ciotha. It has manufaAtires of
cloth, and ftands on the Uorfel, live
miles sw of Gotha.
fflaltftam. Bishops a town in Hamp-
ftiire, with a market on Friday. Here
the bilhopt of Winchuftcr had for-
merly a ftately palace, which was de-
ftroyed in the civil w.irs. It is nine
miles ssE of Winchcfter, and 65 w by
s of London.
ffk/tham Abbeyi a town in Eflcx,
with a market on Tuefday. It had a
magnificent abbey, founded by king
Harold, fome fragments of which
remain. Harold, and his two brothers,
after the battle of Haftings. were in-
terred here; and a ftune coffin, fup-
pofed to have been his, was difcovered
in the reign of Elifabeth. Waltham
has fome gunpowder mills, and manu-
factures of printed Hums and pins. It
is feated on the R fide of the river Lea,
which hereforms fevei al iflands, 1 2 miles
V by B of London.
Wtltbam Crosst a village in Hert-
fordftiirc, one mile w of Waltham
Abbey. Here arc fome conliderable
remains of a crofs eredted by Edward i,
in honour of his qm^en Eleanor.
IValthattUiotu, a village in Eflex, near
the river Lea, five miles mk of London.
It has a large and handfome church, a
freefchool, and many elegant villas.
WmltoH^ a village in Surry, feated on
the Thames, over which it has a hand-
"^ A N
fome bridge, ''•• miles vv by s of King*
fton. '
WmltQri'h-Dnle, u village in Lan-
cafhire, with confiderabic manufaAures
common to'the county, fe.ited near the
Lancalter canal and the river Ribble,
two miles ast: of Preflon.
IVia/ttr, a town of Hindooftan, in
Myfire, with a caftle. The chief ma-
nuffiAure is cotton cloth, and in its
vicinity many coarfe blankets are
woven. It ftands in a fertile coimtry,
ao miles k by N of Bangalore.
U'anderslebeitt a town of Upper
Saxony, iu the principality of Al-
tenburg, nine miles sw of Erfurt.
IV^ndiwash, a town of Hindonftan,
in the Carnatic, 37 mil«"8 sse of Arcot*
and 38 NNW of Pondicherry.
fVands<wortfi, a village In Surry,
feated on the Wandle, near its con-
fluence with the Thames, five miles
wsw of London. Here are manufac-
tures for bolting cloth, the printing of
calicos and kerfeymercs, and the whiten-
ing and prefling of ftuffs ; with oil,
iron, and white lead mills, vinegar
W(n'k8, aHd diftillerics. In Garret
Lane, near this place, a mock dc<5lion
was- fomierly held, after every general
eledion of parliament, of a Alayor of
Garret ; to which Foote's drtmatic
piece of ihat name gave no fmall cele-
brity.
Ifanfruwh a town of Germany, in
Lower Hefle. Iltuate on the Werra, 15
miles w of Mulhuufcii, and 36 kse of
Caflel.
Wanj^artty a fertile country of Ne-
grolanci, lying to the s of Bornou. It
is watered by the Niger, which here
divides into feveral branches. Ghanara
is the capital.
TVangeny a* town of Snabia (lately
imperial) which has a great trade ia
wine, fine paper, linen, ;ind hardware.
It is felted on the Overnrg, 18 miles
NE of Lindan, and i \ w of Kempton.
Wan^en, a town of Swilfcrland, in
the canton of Bern, capital of a baili-
wic. It is feated on the Aar, 10 miles
E of '^olture, and 23 nne of Bern.
Tfan^en, a town of France, in the
department of Lower Rhine, feated on
the fide of a hill, and fnrrounded by a
wall. la miles w of Stralbiirg.
Wankckhead, a village of Scotland,
in Dnmfriesfhire, to the northward of
Sanquhar, and near the l^^ad mines. It
hap a D)nfiderable number of fmelting-
houfes.
IVanstead, a village in Eflex, on the
flciriB of Epping foreft, lix miles he of
London. It is diftinguiibed for its
3B
W Ait
liinilfeine modern chureh» and Wan*
ftead-houfe, one of the mcft magnifi-
cent feats in England. <^'
Wantagef Ik tovrn in Berkfhire, with
a marliet on Saturday, and a manufac-
ture of facking. It is famous for being
the birthplace of king Alfred ; and
manv battles with the Danes have been
fought in the vicinity. It Hands on a
branch of the Ock, 1 3 miles s by w of
Oxford, and 60 w of Londun.
Want*enaut a town of Franco, in the
department of Lower Rhine, which
was taken by the Auftrians in 1793. It
is fix miles N of Straibutv.
fFanzlebertf a town of Lower Saxpny,
in the principality of Magdeburg^ 12
miles wsw or Magdeburg.
irara, a town of Negroland, ca-
pital of the country of Bergoo. It is
3 to miles ssE of Bornou. Lon. 25 25
E, lat. 15 30 N.
Warangaht a town of Hindooftan,
the Arinkill of Ferifhta, once the capi-
tal of Golconda. The fite of it is Ilill
evident from 4he old ramparts, which
are amazingly exttf.five. A modern for-
trefs is conltruAed within it, and is in
the poffeifion of the^ nizam of the Dec-
can. It is 62 miles nne of Hydrabad.
Lon- 79 30 E, lat. 18 6 N.
Warbergi a feaport of Sweden, in
Halland, with a caftlc at the mouth of
the harbour, on a rock fnr rounded by
water. It is feated near the Categat,
34 miles ssE of Gotheburg. Lon. 11
56 E, kt. 57 f a N.
Warburg^ a town of W^-ftphalia, in
the principality of Paderbom, feated on
the Dymel, 17 miles sse of Paderbom.
IFartie, a town of Denmark, in N
Jutland, near the mouth of a river of
the feme name, 13 miles n of Ripen.
Wardein, Great, a ftrovig town of
Hungary, capital of a county of the
fame name, and a bifbop's fee with a
citadel. The town itfelf is not large,
but has three fiiburba of very confider-
able extent. It was taken by the Turks
in t66o»biit the Auftrians retook it i^
1692. It is feated on the Keres* 117
milei NE of Peterwardein, and 150 esb
of Buda. Lon. 21 50 e, lat. 47 5 n.
fFardein, Litthi a ilrong town of
Croatia, capital of a county of f.he fame
name. It is feated on the Drave, 34
miics N by e of Agram, and 50 se of
Gratz. Lon. 1$ 5 j e, lat. 46 40 K.
Wardhttjff, a feaport of Norway,
capital of a government of the fame
name; which includes Danifh Lapland.
It Hands on a fmall ifland of the fame
name, near the continent, and has an
•Id fvrt) where the governor refidei. It
WAR
is lao miles ata of the Kjij^ Cape.
Lon. 31 7 a^rlat. 70 23 ir.. W' v-
IVardsbridget a town of mw iTcrir*
in Ulfter county, feated ott Wdkitl
creek, id miles w by s of Newburg.
Warct a town in Hertfordfhire, v/ith
a market on Tuefday. It is feated on.
the rtver Lea, by which large ciuan<
titles of malt and com are fent to Lon-
don, and the barges return with coal.
It is two miles a by N of Hertford, an4
SI N by E of London.
Waree, a town of Guinea, capital of
a country of its name, in the kingdom
of Benin. It is 70 miles ssw of Benin*
Lon. 6 o E, lat. j 38 N.
JVurehantt a borough in Dorfetfhiref
governed by a mayor, with a market on
Saturday. It is feated between the
Frome and Piddle, at their entrance
into Lochford lake, the w part of Poole
harbour. It had eight churches, now
reduced to three ; alfo a wall of earth
and a caftle ; but has fufTered much by
the various turns of fortime, and the-
harbour is almofl choked up. In 1762,
two-thirds of the town was deftroyed
by fire, but has been rebuilt. Above
the bridge, over the Frome, is a good
falmon fidicry ; and in the neighbour-
hood fine tobacco-pipe clay is dug, of
which nearly 10,000 tons are annually
ient coadwife. Wareham is the birth-
place of the celebrated Horace Wal-
pule. It is 20 miles e of Dorchefter,
and fi 2 w by s of London.
WarendQrj\ a fortified .town of Weft-
phalia, in the principality of Munfter,
with good linen manufactures, feated
on the Ems, 1 2 miles e by s of Mun-
fter.
Warkot a town of Poland, in the pa-
latinate of Mafovia, on the river Pilfa,
45 miles s by E of Warfaw. <
TrarJt<wort/j, a village in Northum-
berland, at the mouth of the Coquet,
five miles SE of Alnwick. It has a
caftle, the feat of the duke of North-
umberland ; and n^r it« on the bank
of the river, is a hertnitage divided into
three apartments, cut out of a rock.
Warm'mstert a town in Wilt (hire,
with a market on Saturday, a woollen
manufacture, and a great trade in malt.
It has two churches, and is feated at
the fourcc of the Willy, 22 miles NW
of Salifbury, and 96 w by s of London. ^
IFarminjter, a town of Virginia, in
Amherft county, on the n fide of James
river, 70 miles w by n of Richmond.
Warnemunde, a town of Germany, in
the duchy of Mecklenburg, feated near
the Baltic, at the mouth of the Warne,
nine milea Nkw of Rvftock.
I Cape.
VYorir»
Mirg.
re, vi'ith
ated on
e quan<
to Lon-
Uk coal.
brd»an4
npital of
Icingdom
if Benin.
rfetlhire,
larket on
veen the
entrance
of Poole
hes, now
I of earth
much by
, and the.
In 1762*
deftroyed
fc. Above
is a good
leighbouv-
isdug, of
e annually
, the birth-
,ce Wal-
)orchefter,
Northum-
Coquet,
It has a
of North-
the bank
ivided into
a rock.
Wiltftjire,
woollen
ie in malt.
feated at
miles NW
,ondon._
lirginia, in
le of James
imond. _
'tmany, in
feated near
le Warne,
. • .f^ " W A R ' .
WanteivH, a town of the Netherlands,
in Flandert< on the river Lis, eight miles
irw of Lifle.
W*r^en% a town of the diflrift of
Main, in Lincoln county, feven miles w
of lliomaflon.
Wqrreny a town of Rhode Ifland, in
Briftol county, which has a good trade,
particularly in fl)ip*butlding. It flands
on Warrfti river .ind the nk part of
Narraganfet bay, 10 miles sse of Pro-
vidence.
'Warren^ a town of Virginia, on the
Jf fidfcof James river, 10 miles en e of
Warminfter, and ai ssw of Charlottcf-
ville.
TfarrentoTtt a town of N Carolina,
chief of Warren county, 35 miles w by
V of Halifax, and 54 nne of Ralegh.
• Waningtoiif a town in Lancafhire,
with a market on Wednefday, manu--
faAures of canvas, cottons, checks,
hardware, pins, and glafs, and a con-
fiderable traffic in malt. Here are two
churches, an excellent frecfchool, and a
large' academy for the education of
youth. The number of inhabitants in
1801 was 10,567. It is feated on the
Merfey, over which is a bridge, 16
miles E of Liverpool; and i8a nnw of
Londoil.
Warrioret a town of Hindooftan, in
the Carnatic, aa miles nme of Tanjore,
and 55 ssw of Pondicherry.
fVarsanv, a city of Poland, lately the
metropolis of that country, and in the
palatinate of Mafovia. It is built partly
m a plain, and partly on a gentle rife
from the Viftula ; extending; with the
fuburbs of Kraka and Praga, over a vaft
extent of ground, and containing above
66,oro inhabitants. The ftreets are
fpacious,but ill paved; the churches and
public buildings large and magnificent ;
the palaces of the nobility, numerous
and fplendid ; but the greateft part of
the houfes, particularly in the fuburbs,
are mean and ill-conftriidted wooden
hovels. In the beginning of 1794, the
emprefs of Ruflla put a garrifon into
this city, in order to compel the Poles
to acquiefce in the ufurpations flie had
in view ; but this garrifon was foon ex-
pelled by the citizens. The king of
Pniffia befieged Warfaw in July, but
was compelled to raife the liege in Sep-
tember. It was undertaken by the
Ruflians, who, in November, took by
ftorm the fuburb of Praga, maflacred
the inhabitants, and nearly reduced it
to alhes. The immediate confequence
was the furr^nder of the city to the
Ruflians, who, in 1796, delivered it up
to the king of Pruffia. Toward the
WAR
end^of 1806 the French occupied tbii
plac* i and b^ the treaty of Tijfit, t^
city, and this part of Poland, ynn.
given to Saxony, to be held under Hi
title of the diichy of Warfaw. It is
170 miles s of Konigfbcrg, and 180
ENB of Brcflau. Lon. si o e, lat. 59
14 N.
ffarta, a river which rifes in Little
Poland, flows through Great Poland by
Siradia and Pofnan, paffes by Drieflcn
and Landibcrg in Brandenburg, and
enters the Oder at Cuftrin.
ff^arta, a town of Poland, in the
palatinate of'Siradi^, on the river
Warta, 1 2 miles n of Siradia.
I^artenbergt a town of Silr.fia, ca-
pital of a lordftiip of the fame name,
withacaftle. In 174a it was entirely-
reduced to aflies, except the old caftle,
which is noW ufcd as a brewhoufe. It
is a8 miles ke of Breflau. Lon. 17 50
E, lat. 51 19 N.
IVartenbergt a town of ^ilefia, in the
principality of Glogau, ab miles nm^ of
Glogau.
frarnvick, a borough and the capital
of Warwickfliirc, governed by a mayor^
with a market on Saturday. It was
fortified with a wall, now in ruins ; but
has ftill a fine caftle of the ancient carls
of Warwick, inhabited by the prefent
poireflTor of that title. The town was
nearly deftroyed by fire in 1694, an4^
now principally confifts of one regular.^
built ftreet, at each end of which is an
ancient gate. It had formerly fix m^
nafteries and fix churches ; of the latter
two only remain : it has likewife a
handfome Ihirehoufe. a good freefchooU
and a noted hofpital for i z decayed
gentlemen. In 1801 the number of
inhabitants was 559a. It is fituate on
a rocky eminence, on the river Avon,
10 miles ssw of Coventry, and 90 nw
of London. Lon. i 35 w, lat. 52 17 ir.
ffariuicit a town of Virginia, ca-
pital of a county ; feated on the right
bank of Jamed "river, 15 miles se of
Richmonvi.
JVariulcki a town of Maryland, in
Cecil county, on the e fliore of Che«
fapeak bay, 15 miles sw of Philadelphia.
tVariuiti, a town of Rhode Ifland,
chief of Kent county. It has a cotton
manufadurc, and is fituate at the head of
Narraganfet bay, eight miles s of Provi-
dence.
JVarivickshirr:, a county of Englandf
47 miles long and 30 broad; lH>unded
on the N by Drrbyftiiije, ne by Leicef-
terftiire, e by Northamptonfliire, se by
Oxfordftiire, sw by Gloucefterihire, w
by Worcefterfhire, and mw by Sufibrd*
3 B a
WAS
(hirf.. It contain! 639,7^0 acrei;
df^tttd into four hundreds and one
11
,|ind 193 parifbex has one city
i» market-towns; and f*nd« fix
Jnbernto parliament. The number
of Inhabitants in iloi was 2oflti90.
The N piiit, called the Woodlanda, is
divided from the », called the FeUlun,
by the river Avon ; and the foil of
both Is rich and fertile. It produces
corn, flax, woo^l, wool, chcefis coal,
iron, and limeftone i and its britfdH of
cattle and (heep are of a fupcrlor kind.
The principid rivers are the Avon,
Tame, and Arrow. It ifralfo interf»'dt-
ed by feveral canals, wnich, communi-
eating with others that proceed to the
rivers Thames, Severn, Merfey, and
Trent, are of confiderahle advanta^'e to
its trade and commerce. The capital
is Warwick, but Birmingham is the
lurficft town.
nlujat a feaport of Sweden, in E
Bqthnia, at t,be mouth of a river, on
the gulf or Bothnia, 40 miles n by e of
Chnhineftadt.
Ifajfiinxton, a diftriA of TcnncflVe,
compreliending the counties of Wafli-
ington, Sullivan, breene, and Carter.
The capital is Jonelborough-
^'a.ihinf[ton, a h'Hy d\fir\& in the Nw
part of S*Carolina, comprehending the
counties of Pmdleton and Gree8vi|le.
Pickenfville is the capital.
Washington, a town of N Carolina,
in Beaufort county. It was formerly
called Bath, and has a good harbour
near the mouth of the river Tar, .5O
miles NK of Newbern. Lon. 77 23 r.,
I^t. 35 30 N,
WaihtttgtoH, a town of the (late of
(Seorgja, chief of Wilkes county. A
inile and a half e of the town is a me-
dicinal fpring. which has been found
beneficial in fcorbuti^ cafes : it rifes
from a hollow tree, the infide of whi<fh
iscoverod v?ith a coat of mat,ter an inch
thick, apd the leaves around the fpring
5ire incrufted with a fubftance as white
as ftiow. It is 50 mifes wnw of Au-
Mft;\. Lon. 8i 30 w, lat. 33 i» n.
ff^ihin^ioHf a town of Pennfylvania,
chief of a county' of the fame name,
and qpnfiderah'e for a variety of manu-
ftidures. It. tt'^nds on a branch of
phjittier ^reek, 10 miles above Mor-
ganza, and tissw of Pit^iburg. Lon.
to ,^0 w, lat. 40 II N-
Washington, a town of Kentucky,
chipf of Mafon county. It is a commer-
cial plv«» fituate in a fine coiuitry near
the Ohio, 70 miles vav. of Frankfort.
Lon. 8415 w, lat 48 3 aw-
fntfhinxton, a city and the
W Af
is polls of (b« United St^tf | qf /^rgwnu.
It is ^pated on thp rivpr Pq^ffrnfc, jjt
the junAion of the EaftcfA Bran^h»
extending about fo^r Oiilf* up e^cn,
including a tradt pf territory fcurce]y to
be exceeded in point of convenivncc,
falUbrity. and beauty, by any in the
world. This territgry, called Columbia,
lies piirtly in Virginia and partly in
Maryland, and was ceded by thcfe two
ft.itcii. in 1792, to the United St9tei,
and by them cftabliftied to be thp per-
manent feat of government, after the
year 1800. The plan combines evfry
thing grand and bea^itiful that can b«
introduced into a city. It is dl.'d<d
into fquares or grand divifions, by
ftrects running due n and s, and f and
w ; which form the ground-wqrk of
the plan. Rut frpm the capitnl* the
prefident's houfe, and iVtme of the im-
p()rt.-int areas in the city, run diag«nal
ftreets, from one material objea to
another, which not only produce a
variety of profoefls, but remove the
infipid fnmenefs \vhich renders Come
gicat cities unp](:a&ng. The great
leading f^reets arif i6q feet wide, in>
eluding a pavemegt of iq fi;et, and a
? ravel walk of 30 feet planted with
rces on each fide, which will le^ve Qo
feet of paved ftreet for ^arriage^, The
reft of the flreets are, ip generAl, 1 10
feet wide, with a few only 90 fpet, ex-
C«>i)t Ntnth, South, and PlP'tol Greets,
vyhich are 160 feet. The diagonal
firects are named after the refpedlive
ftatrq cofnpoCngi the Union, while
thofe running i{ and s are, from the
capjtol eaftwnrd, n^rpcd Eaft Firft ftreet,
Eaft Second dreet, i^c '.ind thofe w of
it are, in th«; ffjme manner, <;al|ed Weft
Firft ftreet, Weft SvCP«4 '^•'^et. &c,
Thp^e runnitig p aiid w arf» from the
capitol northward, napu-'d North A
ftreet, North B ftreet, &«;• and thofe ^
of it are called Sputh A ftreet, South H
ftreet, Jjcc- Thu ftiuares, or divifiojn
of the city, amount to 1J50: the rec*
tanpular ones contain from three to fix
lucres, and are divided int(^ lots af fropt
40 to tip fiet in front, and their depth
from 1 10 to 3Qp according to thi* fize of
the fciuaip The irrrpular divifions
proiluced hy the diagonal ftreets are
tome of them fmall : but their acute
points are all to he cut off at 40 feet,
io th.it no houfc y/M have an acute
corner. All the Jinufes muft be of
brick or ftone. The area for the ca-
pitol (orhpufe fpr the leuifi ativc bodies)
IS on an eminence, about a mile from
the Eaftf'tn Branch, and not much
metro- more frprq the Potomc^g, commaud-
fnf a f
u aoon
round.
Hfing gr
mac, pot
pe6f, wh
ibme otl
J>ue « fr
due w fri
pleifure
aiid tern
Potomac
the fidet
ings, hou
Interfperf
the moft
other, are
ed in vari
great citi
ornament
are to be
flates coir
to bear tl
proper pi;
or coliintn
lebrated m
where a 1
and due s
would in
eqneftrian
tlie firft pi
Proper pl,i
public bui
with its g.
.md its pnl
and arft>na
leges, mark
prcfident 01
ing the feai
the propri
certain poi
fituation. tl
and the pro
the public
produce afa
fiifTicient, r
buildings, h
water thro
an.'i light t
lituate on t
tant from-
the Union,
lantic oceai
the heft na\
the richeft
America, i
Htuatiori foi
Rrcfs. The
the fafeft ai
hours in A
d^ep for the
above its ji
while the c
e<Ige of th:
Inf * fUilftew of the city, at well
u a oonfldrrablf extent of the countty
ronnd> The prv fident's houftr in on a
rifing ground, not far from the Poto-
mac, poflcfliog a delightful water prof-
pe<l, with a view of the cupitol, and
ibtne other material parts of the city.
f>ue * from the prefidcnt's hotife, and
due w from the capitol, run two great
pleafure parki or mnlis, whicli iiit« rfcdt
aiid terminate upon the banks of the
Potomac, and are to be oniiimented at
the fidel by a variety of elegant build-
ingB, houfea for foreign miniftcrs, 8cc.
Interfperfed through the city, vfherc
the mod material ftrects crofs each
other, area variety of open .nc.is. forn^-
ed in various regular li(;urcK, vi hich, in
great cities, act* extremely ufcfiil ami
ornamental. IMu' bed of thiff areat
are to be appropriati-d to llu' different
flates compoiing the Union ; not nidy
to bear thnr refpeiStivc names, but as
proper placi-s to erefl rtatm-s, oheliflcs,
or coluirtnH, to the memory ot their ce-
lebrated men. ' UponSt Imall eminence,
where a line due w from the capitol,
and due s from the prefuknl's houfe,
would inteifcd, is to lit- ere«fted an
^uellrian Itatue of general Walhiiigton,
the firrt prt'lident of th*- Unitt-d States.
Proper places are marked out for other
public buildings ; as a marine hofpital,
with its gard'.ns ; a gcutral excliango,
and its public walks ; a fort, magnz'nes,
and arfcnal; a city hall, cluiiches, col-
leges, market- houfes, t heatrt', &c. The
prcfident of the United States, in U)cat
lag the feat of the city, prevailed upon
the proprietors of the foil to cede a
certain portion of the lot •. of every
fituation, to be fold by his direc:lion,
and ttu- proceeds to be applied folely to
tbe public buildings. This grant will
produce about- 15,000 lots, and will be
iuflicient, not only to ere^^t the public
buildings, but to dig a caoat, to condud
water through the city, and to pave
and light the ftreets. The city being
iiluatt; on the great port road, equidif
tant from the n and s extremities of
the Union, and nearly fo from the At-
lantic ocean to the river Ohio, upon
the belt navigation, and in the midll of
the richeft commercial territory in
America, is by far the moft eligible
lituatioh for the relidence of the cun-
grcfs. The Kafterir Branch is one of
the fafeft and moJl c'ommodiqiis har-
bours in America, being fiifficieutly
deep for the largefb (hips, for four miles
above its jun<6tiou with ihc Potomac;
while the channel li^a clofe alon^ the
c«lge of tht'^city)' and is abundantly
• a
WAS
capactoua. The Potomac prod
commufiication by wati-r betw
city and the interior p.irts <iMV
and Miiyland, by me.ins of the
nandoah, the nouth Urancb, 0[
Cape Capon, Piutcrfon Creelt, Conoo-
chegue, and Monocafy, for upward of
aoo miles, through one of the ttuftt
healthy region^ in America, producing
tobacco of Superior quality, hennp«
maize, whiat» ,and other fmall grain*
vykh flrnitsaird vi^etablcKin abundance.
The lands upon the Potomad, abotc
the city of Wafliington, all around it,
and for fixtjt; tHilcs below, are high
and dry, abounding with innumerable
fprings of t^jCceUunt water, and well
covered with timber-trees of various
kindt!. A few mites below the city,
upon thc.lauks of the Potomac, are
incxhaudil^le mountains of excellent
frceftone, of which the public edifices
in the city are building. Above the
city alft), upon the batok of the rireri
are jmrnenfe qnantitwif of excellent
coal, limedone, and marble, with blue
llate of the belt quality. Tlie Tyber,
which is the principal dream that
pafles through the city, it to be colledl-
ed in a grand refervoir, near thecapitol^
whence it will be carried in pipes to
different parts of the city ; while its
furplus water will fall down in caf-
cades, through the public gardens w
of the capitol, into a canal. The plan
of this city was formed by major L'En-
fant i and the founding of it in fuch an
eligible iitiiation, upon fuch a liberal
and elegant plan, will by futiire gene-
rations be conlidered as a high proof
of th<! wifdom of the fird pretident of
the United States, while its name will
keep frefh in mind the obligations they
arc under to that illudriouS chara(5ler.
Since 179a. many workmen have been
employed, and every exertion is making
to complete the plan. In 1800, after
the adjournment of congrefti, at their
lad feffion in ^Philadelphia, the public
offices, records, and property were
removed to this city ; and here, oii the
2id of November, the congrefs aflem-
bled for the fird time. In 1804, :t
fociety ov agriculture was incorporated
here. Walhington is 144 miles sew of
Philadelphia, the late capital of the
United States. Lon. 77 o w, lat. 38
li'asienbirg, a town of France, in
the department of Roer, lately of Ger-
many, in the duchy of J[uller8;,feated
ontbe Roer J 17 miles UvK of Juliers.
. W^jserbxiTfU a town of B&Var'i«{ with
a caftle> and four churches. The priB>
WAT
ctpa! indr i* in fait. In i8oe» the
F(igch took it bv ftorm. It in feati^d
^e Inn, a8 miles t of Munich« and
iw^8al7.hurg.
VmtsertruJinjfeti, a town of Fran-
»nia, in trc principality of Anfpach,
on the Wornit/, i\x mlk* N of Octtin-
gen.
IVatt <watert .1 l.iku in Cumberland^
fevrn mik's nnk of Ravenglaft. It in
three miles long and above half a mile
brond, lying in WaAdalc, among the
weltern mountains. The Screes, a very
high ridge of mountains, run along the
SK fide of the lalte. Ita outlrt, at the s
rnd, j(»ins the river Itt|t*which enters
the feu at Kavenglafs.
fftuivit^en, a town of Upper Saxony,
In Thuringia. On a mountain to the
N of it is the ancit*nt caftle of Mayen-
luft. It is ftatcd ou the VVcrra, five
intlcf> N of Meiniingcn.
IFatchet, a town in Somcrfetfhire,
with a market on Saturday ; feated on
the Briftol ctaMDcl. at the mouth of a
harbour freawnted by coalfhips. which
are freighted hence with limeflonc, ala-
baller, and kelp. It itt 14 milen nw of
Taunton, and 136 w by s of London.
IVateeoo, un ifland in the Pacific
ocean, difcovered by captain Confc. ]t
is Hx leagues in circuit, compofed of
hills and plains, and the i'tirface covered
with Verdure. On the riling grounds
the iflanders build their hnules, which
are long and fpaci'Mis. The manners
of the people, the general habits of life,
and their method of treating ^ftrangers,
greatly rcfemble thoft of Otaheite; and
there is alfo a great fimiliarity between
their religious opinions and ceremonies.
Lon. 15K 15 w, lat. 211s.
JVaterburj/t a town of the dillridl of
Maine, in York county, feated on
Moufom river, 1$ miles nw of Wells.
Waterfordj a county of Ireland, 46
miles long and a^ broad ; bounded on
the s by St. George channel, w by
Cork, N and ne by the river Suir,
which feparates it from Tipperary and
Kilkeiay, and e by Waterford haven,
which parts it Irom Wexford. It is
divided mto 34 parifhes, contains about
iiO|io» inhabituUts, and fends four
memb'-TS to parliament. It prcfents a
diveriity of foil and profpe(ft, but in
general ia pleafant and fertile, yet in
many parts mountainous and rocky.
The chief rivers are the Suir and Black-
water.
Wttterjordt a city and feaport of
Ireland, capital of a county of the fame
name, and a bifhop's fee united with
Lifmore> It has aa excelleot harbour^
WE A
where fliips of the greateft burden mar
ride at the quay. The commerce with
England and other countries is very
conflderable ; and packet-boats fail rc«
gularly hence for Milford>haven. The
principal exports are beef, porl^ corn,
butter, and linen. It ftanda on the
river Suir, eight miles n of St. Gcorjge
channel, and 75 » by w of Dublin.
Lon. 7 34 w, lat 52 to n.
fVattnaj, a fmail ifland, one of the
Hebrides, on the w coaft of Scotland,
one mile m of Bara.
fyatertonvn, a town of MafTichufets,
in Middlefex county, feated on Charles
river, feven miles from its mouth in
BoAon hat hour, and nine e^k of Con*
cord.
IVatfordt a town in Hcrtfordfliire,
with a market on Tuefday. In and
near the town are three fiik mills. It
is feated on the Coin, feven miles s by
w of St. Alban, and ij nw of London.
JVatlingtou, a town in Oxfordfliire,
with a market on Saturday ; feated
near the Chiitern Hills, on a brook,
which, with the continued ridge, di>
vidcs the county from Buckinsham^
Oiire. It is 14 miles se of Oxford, and
46 w of London.
IVattent a town of France, in th»
department of Nord, on the river Aa,
five miles n of St. Omer.
ff'atton, a town in Nt)rfolk, with a
market on M'ednefday, 18 miles w by
s of Norwich, and 91 nke of London.
Waveren^ a town of the Netherlands,
in Brabant, fituate on the Dyle, 13
miles s of Louvain.
lyaxholntt a fortrefs on the co > "f
Sweden, in the Baltic, iituate on a
fmall ifland at the entrance of the lake
Maeler. Here all homeward<bound
Hiips are fearched. It is 16 miles e of
Stockholm.
Wayt an ifland near the n point of
that of Sumatra. It is the largefl of
the iflands that form the entrance of
the channel of Acheen ; and is peopled
by men baniflicd from Acheen. Lon.
94 50 E, lat. 5 .•?5 N.
IVaynesboroti^h, a town of the ftrite
of Georgia, chief of Burke county, 45
miles ssw of Abgufta. Lon. 82 5 w,
lat.az 56 N.
ivear^ a river which rifes in the w
part of the county of Durham, flows
SE by Stanhope to Bifliop Auckland,
and thence ne by Durham to Sunder-
land, where it enters the German
ocean.
Wearmnttth, Monk, a town in the
county of Durham, on the k fide of
the mouth of the Wcar» oppofite Sun-
tkrhnd.
nailery,
Scots. '
j8ot wa
growing
IVearm
county of
Wear, ai
an iron
arch 236
and the
fo formed
keyAones.
vas, and
Sunderlanc
inhabitanu
failors.
. IVeather
in Uartfoi
Hartford.
IVtdetuci
in the cant
of the lake
Zurich.
fftdnejbt
with a ma
are manufa
iron forges
coal. It is
and 1S4 n^
JVeert, a
the territory
befieged by
the caftic ; <
the French-
Brey, 10 mi!
fververi '<
part of Shr
and reccivin
enters the ef
navigable t(
above North
Weibstadt
the late pal
miles tsE of
Weicbselbi
m Ca.rniola,
tain, and a
ing?, 10 mile
fVeichterbi
hi the circle <
of Ifenberg,
the Kinzig, :
23 ne of Frs
Weickerslit
in the princi]
a fine caftle,
miles e of M
Ifeida.ai t
Voigtiand, c
conflux with
Cera.
fVeidtH, a
Bavaria, wil
WB I
dcrhnd. Here wat an extenfive mo-
naAery, which wai deftroyed by the
Scoti. The number of inhabitanti in
J 80 1 wa« 534 St anil it iharvs in the
growing pruipt'rity of Sunderland.
tVearmoulh, DishoPt » town in the
cnunty of Durham, on the s fide of tite
Wrar, adjoining Sunderland. It hat
an iron bridg over the river, of one
arch a36 feet fpan, crei'led in 1796,
and the firft ever conflnidted of parts
fo lormed aa to unite in thi* manner of
keyAonrt. It has manufactures of can-
vas, and partata'8 in tlie commerce of
Suixlcriaml. In 1801, the number of
inhabitanu was 6126, exclulive of
Tailors.
. IVeathersfield, a town of ConncAicut,
in Uartfuid county, five miles s of
Hartford.
IVedenjchiuieil,A town of Swifll-rlnnd,
in the canton ot Zurich, on the w fide
of the lake of Zurich, 10 miles be of
Zurich.
Vftdneibury, a town in StafTordOiirc,
with a market on Wednefday. Here
are manuf<n5tures of hardware, fevcral
iron forges, and mines of excellent
coal. It is 13 miles ssw of Lichfield,
and 1*4 Nw of London.
IVeert, a town of the Netherlands, in
fhe territory of Liege. In 1702, it was
befieged by the allies, who deftroyed
the caftic ; and in 1794 it was taken by
the French. It is fcated on the river
Brey, 10 miles wnw of Ruremonde.
fverver, a river which rifes in the M
part of Shroplhire, croflcs Chelhire,
and receiving the Dane from the e,
enters the eftuary of the Merfey. It is
navigable to Winsford, fome miles
above Northwich in Cheftiire.
Weibttadty a town of Germany, in
the late palatinate of the Rhine, 15
miles tSE of Heidelberg.
Weicbselburg, a town of Germany,
VI Ca.rniola, with a caftle un a moun-
tain, and a manufacture of fine (lock-
ing*, 10 miles sE of Laubach.
fVeichterbach, a town of Germany,
in the circle of Upper llhinc and county
of Ifenberg, with a caftle; feated on
the Kinzig, 20 miles se of GiefFen, and
aj NE of Frankfort.
We'ukersheim, a town of Franconia,
in the principality of Hohcnlohe, with
a fine caftle, on the river Tauber, three
miles E of Mergentheim.
If^eiJa, a. town of Upper Saxony, in
Voigtland, on the rivulet VVeida, at its
conlux with the Elfter, nine miles s of
Cera.
Weidetit a town of the palatinate of
Bavariaj wUh manufadures «f lintOi
WEI
woollen ftuffi, and faltpetre | feited oa
the Nab, 18 miles ni of Amberg.^^
ff^eigitoH, a town in B YurkiAre*
with a market on Wednefdl^ '^'4^
canal to the head of the Humber.'' ft
is iH mile* ass of York* and 190 n b]r
w of London.
fVei/. or lytUtntedtt a town of Sua-
bia (Utcly imperial) in the duchy of
Wirtemburg, teatea on the Worm, la
milc^ w of Stutgard.
//'«/, «ir fVyt, a town ofSwifTerland*
in the territory of the abbot of St. Gal.
on the rive; Thur, 19 miles tsv* of
ConftiPce.
H'eUhtirgt « town of Germany, in
Wetteravia, and capital of the county
ot Nafl'au- Wtilburg. The prince's pa-
lace Ih an ancient ftiudture. It is feated
on the Lahn, over which is a bridge, is
milts sw of Wi'tzlar, and 25 nnw of
Franktbrt. Lon. 8 20 c, lat. jo 36 n.
lyieiUt a feaport of Denmark, in N
Jutland, fituate on a bay in the Little
Uelt, 35 miles ssw of AHlufcn, and 3B
ME of Ripen. Lon. 9 30 e, lat. 55
45 N-
If eil/ieim, a town of Bavaria, with a
caftle, on the river Amper, a8 milea
ssw of Munich.
JVei/beim, a town of Suabia, in the
duchy of Wirtemburg, on the river
Lauter, 20 miles se of Stutgard.
IVeimar, a town of Upper Saxony, in
Thur'ngia, capital of the principality of
Saxe- Weimar. In the duke's palace ia
one of the moft confiderable libraries in
Germany, with a cabinet of coins and
medals ; and it had a gallery of paint-
ings, which, with fome other parts of
the caftle, was deftroyedby fire in 1774.
It is feated on the Jim, i z miles w of
Erfurt, and 26 wsw of Naumburg.
Lon. It 27 E, lat. 51 2 N.
JVeingartetiy a town of Germany, in
the late bifhopric of Spire, nine miles
s by E of Philipfburg.
JVeinheim, a town of Germany, in
the late palatinate of the Rhine, on the
river Welchnitz, 10 miles n of Heidel-
berg.
Weinsberg, a town of Suabia, in the
dnchy of Wirtemburg, with a ruined
caftle on a hill. In 1707, the greateft
part of the town was deftroyed by fire.
It ftands partly on the hill, and partly
in a valley, fitinous for wine, five milea
NE of Hcilbron•
/^^lVJf/w»ttWf, a fortrefs of W Pruflia,
feated at the w mouth of the Viftula» to
defend the harbour of Dantzic.
Wehsemburgt a town of France, in '
the department of Low«p Rliine. Be-
tween this place and Lautcrburgi are
tho bmouB lines fro.n wliich the French
dr9ve the A'ftrians in ij^^i i*nd in
ijr^j, the Eruifiaiis drove the French
frtita the fame (ituation. It is fe<<a<tl on
the Lauter, lo milfs sw of Landmi,
«nd aa NE of Strafburg. Lon. 8 ii k,
lat. 48 5.5 N.
Weiijenburgt a town uf Fr.inconi.i,
(lately imperial) in the birtiup ic of
Aichftaot; feat'id on thr Ri-dnith, five
miUs N of Pappenhcim, and 30 bW of
^niembiirg.
WeisseHbur}^ -or Cnrlsburg, a city of
Tranfylvania, capital nf a i-imnty of the
fame name, and a bilhop's fee, with a
univcrRty. It is fiMtiil 00 the fide o'" .1
bilUnoar the river Mavos, 4?. miles Wi-j w
of Htrmaniladt. Lon. 240 b, lat. 45
55 ».
^Vfissenburgy a town of Swiflcrland,
in the "int-m of B«'rn, celebrated for its
piinei-ai wateis, :o miles s of Bern.
IPassenfels, a ^nwn of Upper Saxony,
in riiuringia. Upon a white rock,
above the towR) is a fine citadel, called
Aiiguftiiibiirg. It is feated on the Saal,
17 miles sw of Lcipfic
U'eissenhoriiy a town and caftle of
r>4]abia, in a county of its name, feated
o'l the Roth, 10 miles sk of Ulm, and
atJ w of Augfljurg.
fVfissensee, a town of Upper Saxony,
in Thuringia, with a fuperintendency
and commandtry of the knights of
.Malta. The lake formerly in its neigh-
bourhood was drained, and converted
into arable land in 1705. It is a i miles
N E of Lang .nfalza.
Wtissftiitadty a town of Franronia,
in the margravate of B;jyreulh, litoate
cm the Eger, 17 miles w of Cuhnbnch.
WelaUi a towp. of E Pruflia, celf brat-
cd for the treaty concluded here with
Poland, in 1657, when the eleftor,
Frederic-William, vvas inverted with the
ibvereignty of Ducal Pruffia. It is feat-
cd on the Pregcl, at the inflox of the
Alia, 30 miles e of Konigfljerg.
fVeldon, a town in Northamptonfhire,
with a market on Wediu^frtay, eight
miles w of Oundle, and 83 nnw of
London.
Wetland; a r '"r which rifes in North-
amptonlbir , ,i.ul fpnr 'tes that county
from Leicrfterfliiri' Riitlandfliiie, and
Lincolndne , it padi ■ by Vlarkt t Deep-
jng to Stanitbrd, aiul is thence navigable
to the FoiTdike W;ini, which it enters
i'KjjIow ^pald'ng.
{^""Uingborougb , a town in Northamp-
tonfhire, with a markfet on Walm^fdny.
Here are manufa^flutxis of (hoes- and
lace, and mar it is a fine chalybeate
fpring called Ktowell; yii fire happen.
W B L
fd here in 173S, whi<>h (MuMAimerf i^tOft
8uo lioufes. It is fMted od th« Me of
a' hill, on the river N<n, i a miles he of
Northampton, and i-; v by w of Lon-
don.
U'c'llington, a town in Shropihire.
with a inarket on Thurftlay. In th<J
neighbourhood arc founderies, iron
ntini's, and coal works. It i» feated
near Wrrkm bill, la miles- E of Shrcwf*
bury, and 150 nw of LomJon.
ll'cHiiigtony a town in Sctn«rfctfhire|
with a iriaiket on Thurfday, and manu-
fadurcs of fergt-s, druggets, and earthen
w;ire It is feattd on the Tone, 15
miles N E of Exeter, and 14^ w by s of
London.
Wells, a city in Somer(«tfl>ire, go-
verned by a mayor, with a market OQ
Wc'dnefday and Saturday. It is ftated
at the toot of a hill, and h»s its nam«
from the xvella and iprings abotrt it ; and
is a bii1»«p> fee, jointly with Bath. The
cathedral is a (lately pile; and the bf-
fliop's palace is like a caftie, being Air-
roundcd by walls and a moat. The
eity is well built an«* neatly paved', with
manut'adlures of knit worfttjd Aclckings.
The fumnier affizes ate held hefc alter,
iiately with bridgewater. ft is r jf milts
s of Briftol, and lao w of lundon.
Lon. a 37 w, lat. ^t la n.
W W/j, a town m Korfolk, which has
a large churchy and a eonfideraWfc corn
trade. It ftands near the fea, a; miles
N by B of Swaflfham, and 118 »if» of
London.
Wells, a town of the (}*ftrldt ofTWaine,
in York county, en a bay of its name,
88 miles N by E of Bofton. Lon. 70 j j
, Int. 43 20 I*.
Welhf a town of W Florid*, on the
w fide of St. Andfevr bay, 60 miles w
of St. Marco. Lon. 8j 50 w, lat. 30
24 N.
Welsy a town of Aiiftrio, with a caffile»
and a great trade in timber ; feated on
the Traun, near a large fbrei, i^ mile*
ssw of Lintz.
Welshpool, a corporate town of Wales,
in .\<ontgomery(hire, with a market on
Monday. It is the great mart for Welltl
cottons, flannels, &c. which are fent
hence to Shrewibiiry. Near the towrt
are the remains of Powis caftle, a large
ftruditre, built 01. an emiuencer It it
feated in a rich vali, on the river Severn,
iiine milts n of Montgomery, 19 w or
Shrcwfbury, r.nd 17^" nw of London.
Welivarf2, a town, of B.oiteit(ia, in
the circle of Rakcnitz, t^- miles w oij
Prague.
Wekvyit, a villacle in fiertrfbrtffliite,,
ftve miles n of Hfitfidd- Ur. YbtJttt
WEft
iMI nd»r of this p\»ct, and here ht
wrote his celebrated Night Thoaghts.
IVrlmheimf a -town of Suabia, capitil
•fa Inrdfhip of its name, in the duchy
ol Wirteirbiirg ; feated on the Lein, 19
miles B of Stutgird.
f^w, a town in Shropfhire, nrith a
market on Thurfdiy, f. at«'d on the Ru-
d«n, nine miles N of Shrcwibury, and
»7a Mw of London.
ffenMingrn, a town of Snabia, rn the
4Hehy of Wirtemharg, litnate on llic
Keckar, at the influx of the Lauter, :.
miles SSK of Stutgard.
fyentHover, a borough in Bnckingham-
fhire, with a mar ■ in Thurfday, fever,
miles SE of Aylefbury, and 35 w by tf
of London.
fVenhekf or MWA Hlm/ock, a boi'ough
In Shroplhire, with a market on Mon-
day, 11 raHt'8 SB of Shrcwflwiry, and
148 Nw of London.
Wenner., th« largeft lake of Sweckn,
lymg in W Gothland, to the n w of the
I»be Wetter, It is roo miles in length,
and \n fifwne place» 40 in hn^adth, and
<oii'(;iiii,s fi.-veral iflands- It rectiives
twenty four rivers, ajid its only outlet
is the rf»er Go«ha.
IVenwrsborg, * town of Sweden, in
W Gomdand', with a caftle. It is the
ftaplefor all the iron fnit from the pro-
vince of Wermeland to Gotiicburg, and
feated on the Gotha, near the sw ex-
tremity of the lake Wenner, 50 miles n
by E of Gotheburg.
fVt-nt-worih, a village in Yorkfliirc,
three miles n w of Rotherham. Hen- is
Wentworth-houfe, an.>blr feat built l)y
the late raarqnis of Rockinghan,.
JVeobteyt a borongh in Herefordihii v^,
with a market on Tuefday, and famous
for its excellent alo. The fitc of its an-
cient caftle is now a bowling-green. It
is eight miles nw of Hereford, and 147
*'3Jvv of London.
fFtrherti a town of Brandenburg, in
the Old mark, feated at the conflux of
the Havel with the Elbe, three miles w
of Havclberg.
fFercfiteror, a toWn of the Nethcr-
hnds, in BhltMOt, at the conflux of the
Dcmerwith the Dyh;, nine miles ese
of Mechlin.
If'erden, a town cf Weftphalia, in the
County of Ma.k. with a late princely
abb' y ; feated oji the Roer, 13 miles ne
ofDulTeldnrP.
fVerdenberg, a fortified tovVn'of Swif-
ibrlaind, capital of a bailiwlc, in the can-
ton of Glurus, with a cajlie on an emi-
nence. It is feated; neai tlie Rhine, 10
ft)i^8 ssE of Appeiizel, and s6 ene of
piaiur. • '
W E R
Wtrdenfeli, a town and cattle Of M*
raria, which gives name to a cotMty oft
the frontiers of Tyrol. It is r 7 illflw i
of Weilhf'im, and 21 nw of f<>rpru<t.
fFerfin, a town and f ort re ft of Ckff-
many, in the duchy of Salzburg, fitnate
on the >.aTza, tz miles s by R o# Salz-
burg.
/' h-l, a town of the duchy of Wert-
phaiia, with acafti*', feated on the jJilVJ^
eight milt's s of Ham.
It^ermefand, a province r.f Sweden,
th« N part of Gothland, between Pirfe-
carlia and the lake Wenner. It is io«
miles long and 50 broad* and fertile;
diverfified by mountains, rocks, IriH*,
and dales, clothed with foreft.'* of hirCH,
poplar, motifftaln »fh, pine, and fir. It
alfo abounds with lakes, which fuccped
each other ahndfl: without intcrmMfinn}
fome frt narrow as to appear Fike brord
rivers, and orhers of ^ circidar flliapii^
Numerous rivulets flow front tficfe
lakes, and form, fomet»mcs, fmalf pic-
tHrcfque cat;»ra<fts. TBc thief river \i
the Cla*a, or Stor i'llbe, in which is a
good fnlmon-filhery. It has mines' of
filver, lead, copper, and iron, with
forgt^s, ftMinderics, &c. belonging" to
them. Carllladt is the capital.
fVern, a town of Weftphalia, in tlie
principality of M under, with a moflrf-
tfry, feated near the Lippe, lix miles tr
of Ham.
Wernk^rrode, a town of Upper Saxo-
ny, capital of a county of the fame name
abounding in mountains, the principat
of which is the Great Brockerr, ot
Jilocklberg, by Ibme deemed the hight
eft in ail Germany. On a mountain;
diredly above the town, is the caftic»
tlic reiidetice of the counts of Stol'bei^,
with a vaiiiable library. The principrf
bufinefs of the town confifts in brewings
diltilling, and manufaiflures of clotft arid
ftuffs. It is 12 miles w by s of ffalber-
ftudt, and S3 ssk of WolfeWbMtle.
l.on. 10 58 K, lat. 51 53 N.
Werra, a river of Germatty, whtrft
rifes in the principality of CobsTg, thrcitf
miles above Eifsfieid; flows by (tilif^
bnrghauleit, Meinnngen, SalvuttlfelMI,
Vacha, Trefurt, Wanfricd, A'lfendbrf^
and Wiizcnh lufcir; it theiv cnt»r$ the
duchy of Biuiifvvick, paflTesby Bftrtrdetf,
and a littlo beh»w that town johts tfue
PuUla, where the united ftrcaftn' (bnitt
the Wtfer.
If^erthelm, a tovl^^ of Ft-Jtldotiia, ca-
pital of a county of th\; ftii\e rvahrtr,
which- yield* excelldWt v.ittc. JQiy
prindies and- counts of TiowettflffeiiM^f,
theim have' both palAcWs Btif. "tht
princeiatrc cadtolics^; E^ tne ct}tttit^.
W E S
the magiftrntes, and nioft of the inhabit-
ants are protfftants. It is featvd .it the
conflux of the Tanber with the Maine,
i6 nnilcs w of Wurtzburg. Lon. 9 4H
s, lat. 4948 N.
fVerwhi, a t«'wn of theNetherhuids,
in Flaiidei-!>, Icated on the Lis, eight
mih's sE of Ypies.
ff'ejifi, a fowl) iif Weflphalia, in the.
duchy of Cifvc, with a (Iroiig citii<iel.
Here are t'.'> C.tlviitift churches, one for
the Liith«'!> n;., .md another for the pa-
pifts. It wd.i iiketi by the Frcncli in
1759, bm. leiioii'd m 176s. In jHo8f
it Was triuiiircri<.d to Fr.trce. It is feat-
ed on the; Kliinc, ai. liie influx of the
Lippc, 25 nii'.c* SK ol Cifve, and 50
wsw of Muiuitr. Lon. 6 37 e, lat. 51
38 N.
Jffsci, Vpptr, a town of France, in
the department of Rhine and MofcIIc,
lately of Germany, in the eledtorate of
Treves. On an adjacent mountaiji is
the ruined caftle of Stolberjj. It is fei't-
«d near the Rhine> 20 miles s of Cob'
lent/..
Wtsenhurgi ■' fn'-tified town of Ruflia,
in the governnient of Efthonia, fcatcd
on the Wifs, 45 miles e of Revel.
freser, a river of Germany, formed
by the union of the Werra and Fulda,
in the duchy of Brunfwick, at Miniden.
It flows along the confines of Weflpha-
lia and Lower Saxony by Corvey, Ha-
mehn, Mioden, and Hoye; receives the
Aller, from Verdeui and pafling by Bre-
men, enters the German ocean at Carlf-
burg.
n'iest Point, a ftrong fortrefs of New
York, in Orange county, on the w bank
of the Hudfon. It is fituate amid the
high lands, and fo ftrongly fortified by
nature and art, that it is called the Gi-
braltar of America. It is ao miles s of
Poughkeeplie, and 54 n of New York.
fVettburyy a borough in Wiltfhire,
governed by a mayor, with a market
on Friday, and a manufadnre of broad
cloth. On a hill to the t of it is Brat-
ton caftle, the remains of a fortification,
'-here the Danes held out 24 days
againft the Englifli. It is a6 miles nw
of Sahlbury, and 99 w of London.
Weiterasi a town of Sweden, capital
of Weftmania, and a biftiop's fee, with
a citadel, and a famous college. It car-
ries on a confiderable commerce with
Stockholm, particularly in copper and
iron from the neighbouring mines. Here
are the ruins of an ancient palace, for-
merly inhabited by the kings of Sweden.
The cathedral, built of brick, is cele-
brated for its tower, eftecmed the high-
eft in the kingdom. In this cathedral
WES
is the tomb of the u nfortu nate Eric x t v.
Weil eras is feated on the lake Maeler*
45 miles NW of Stockholm. Lon. 17
o E, lat. 59 38 N.
If'esterburg, a town of Germany, in
Wctteravia, with a caftle, xx miles sw
of Dillenburg, and 4,:? nw of Frankfort.
iJ'citer/ium, a town in Kent, with a
m.iiket on VVcdnefday, feated on the
D.uent (which riles frt»m nine fprings
ne.ir this town) zj miles sse of London.
ll^'esterly, a town of Rhode Ifland, in
W ifliiiigton county, which has a good
coafting trade, and extenfive iifheries.
It Hands at the mouth of Paukatuc, five
miles !•: of Stonington in Conneflicut.
Jt'c'sUni Islands- See Azoresy and
Hf/jriJcs.
I'l''estervjald. See Wetter avla.
Jf'c'jteriuici, a feaport of Sweden, in
Smoland, with a good harbour, a com-
modious quay, 1 cloth manufatSture,
and a trade in niip-timber-, and all forts
of naval ftores. It is feated on the Bal-
tic, 56 miles N of Calmar, and iso sw
of Stockholm. Lon. 16 o e, lat. 57 40 n.
Wcitjield, a town of Mafl'achuiets, in
Hampfliire county, on a river of its
name, 10 miles w of Springfield.
IVestltoft-n, a town of France, in the
department of Mont Tonnerre, lately
of Germany, in the palatinate of the
Rhine. It has three churches, and is
feven miles nw of Worms.
JVesthofent a town of France, in the
department of Lpwer Rhine, u miles
w of Strafburg.
Tfi-jtmania, a province of Sweden, in
the divifion of Sweden Proper, between
Upland, Sudermania, Nericia, Wcrme-
land, and Dalecarlia. It is 75 miles
long and 45 broad, and abounds in cop-
per and iron mines. The face of the
country is diverfified like Wermeland.
Wefteras is th^capital-
ff'ejtminstert a city in Middlefex, the
refideuce of the monarch, the feat of the
parliament and of the high courts of
juftice, and conftituting with London
and Southwark, the metropolis of the
Britifti empire. On the diflTolution of
its abbey, m 1541, Henry vi 11 eretJled
it into a Ufliopric, appointing the whole
of Middlefex (Fulham excepted) for the
diocefe. It had, however, only one
prelate, for Edward v t, foon after, dif-
folved it; and the abbey is now only a
collegiate church. Weftminfter, through
courtefy, ftill bears the title of a city,
and it fends two members to parliament,
which are chofen by its houfeholdcrs,
there being no freemen nor incorporat-
ed companies. In the city are two pa-
riOi churches, St. Margaret aod St.
lateljr
ex, the
It of the
Mirts of
London
of the
Jtion of
eredled
e whole
for the
ly one
er, dif-
only a
h rough
city,
anient}
oldersy
rporat-
uropa>
Dd St.
WE S
John ; and (even in the libertteSt luunc-
Ty, St. Clement, St. Mary, St. Paul, St.
Martin, St. Am., St. James, and St.
George. The prccinft of St- Alactin-
le-gand, though within the city of
Loiid>3n, is under the jurifdi^iun of
Weftmiiillcr. Sec London.
JViftminster, a town of Vermont, in
Windiiam county, on Connedticut river,
oppof/te Walpole in New HampQtire,
and 40 milc'» tm. of Bcnningtun.
JVtfstmorland, a county of England,
42 miles long and 32 broad; bounded
on the N and nw by Cumberland, k and
SB by Yorkfliire, and 3 and »« by Lan-
Ciifhire. It contains 4611,080 acres ; is
divided into four wards, and 3 a pa-
riflies; has eight market-towns; and
fends i'our members to parliament. The
number of inhabitants in 1801 was
41,617. It is a region of lofty moun"
tains, naked hilU, dreary forefts, and
barren moors; but is watered by nu-
merous rivers and feveral lakes. The
foil of courfe is various ; that on the
mountains being very barren, while that
in the vailien is fertile, producing good
corn and grafit, efpecially in the mea-
dows near tlie riv^TS. In the hilly parts
on the w borders are fome mines of
copper, but the ore lies very deep.
I'his county yields abundance of lime-
Itone and the fineil blue Hate; and many
(excellent hams are cured here. Its ma-
nufa(ftures are a coarfe woollen cloth,
Worfted (lockings, fl annels, tanned lea-
ther, ami gunpowder. The principal
rivers are the Eden, Lune, and Ken;
and the diicf lake is U^uidermcre, the
Ap
county town.
largeft in England, j^pkby is the
JFestJ>halia, one of the circles of Ger-
many, bounded on the e by Lower
Saxony, s by Helfe, Wetteravia, and
Treves, w by the Netherlands and Hol-
land, and N by the German ocean. The
foil produces paftures and fome corn,
though there are a great many mar(hes.
The horfes are large, and the hogs in
high edeem, efpecially the hams, known
by the name of Weftphalia hams. The
principal rivers are the Wefer, Ems,
Lippe, and Roer. It containe(ti<th| bi-
fhoprics of M under, Liege, Haderborn,
and Ofnaburg ; the principalities of Em-
den or £ Friefland, Meurs, Minden,
and Verden ; the duchies of Weftpha-
lia, Berg, Juliers, Cleve, Oldenburg,
and part of the territories of the princes
of Na(rau ; the counties of Mark, Ka-
ven(berg, Steinfurt, 'I'ecklenburg, Lin-
gen, Beiltheim, Diepholt, Hoya, Schau-
tn}!>\xrg, Spigdburg, Lippe, Ritberg,
WET
and other fmnller unes; and feveral
Icruihips and abbies. But in 1800, all
ti)c parts of this circle lying on the le^
hank of the Rhine, beings full one-third
of the whole territory, became united tp
France. Muniter is the capital of this
circle.
ffejtphaliat a duchy'of Germany, in
the circle of Weftphalia, 40 miles lone
and aj broad ; t>ounded on th© « Oy the
principalities oF A/nnller and Ofnaburg,
and tlic county of Lippe, w by that of
M;'..k, s by the territories of NalTau*
and E by the counties of Witgenftein,
Hartzfeld, Waldeck, and the landgra-
vate of HelTe. It is a mountainous
country, full of wood, but moderately
fertile. It belonged to the elector of
Cologne, but is now fubjedt to the prince
of He(re-i,armftadt. Areniberg is the
capital.
fVestport, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Mayo, feated at the mouth of
a t'mall river, which enters Clew bavy
eight miles w of Caftlebar.
^ fVestrat one of the Orkney iflands*
nine miles long, and from one to three
broad; nine miles ni^k of Pomona. It
lias a trade in kelp, and a good harbour
fur fmall veffeU on the NW lide. Lon.
a 5a w, lilt. 69 8 w.
IVetherbifi a town in W Yorkfhire,
with a market on Thurfday, feated on
the Wharf, 15 miles w by s of York»
and 191 N by w of London./
I^Vettert a lake of Sweden, in Goth-
land, SE of the lake Wcnner. It is 100
miles in length, and in fome places ao
ill breadth. Above for^y fmall ftreams
enter this lake, and its only outlet is the
river Motalu, which flows k, by Nord-
koping, into the Baltic.
fVetteraviot or IVeterawt an extenfive
province of Germany, lying between
the territories of Treves and Mentz on
the s, and the duchies of Berg and
Weftphalia, the landgravate of HelTe,
and the biibopric of Fulda on the N ;
having the Rhine to the w, and Fulder
to the E. It is divided into two parts
by the river Lahn: the fouthern part,
or Wetteravia Proper, belongs to the
circle of Upper Rhine; and the north*
em, or the Wefterwald, belongs to the
circle of Weftphalia. It contains feve-
ral fmall counties.
IFettint a town of Lower .Saxony, in
the duchy of Magdeburg, with a cattle
on a mountain; feated on the Saal»
over which is a ferry, nine miles^ NNvr
of Halle.
* Wettingetty a town of SwifTerland, in
the county of Baden, celebrated for it»
iMmMn Irfdge, 246 feet long, oti fifigte
a«tli «ittr tfie rhrer Limmat. It is oAc
mkj of Badffi-
lr*te/<»A * toTfrn of Germany, iii
Wrtfcnivta, cnf)ital oF a county of the
ftfrtf rtarttf. It w.ls latrly an imperial
town, and h fiiinunulcd by dilclus and
W.-jIIb ffaftKfd with towtrs. Near it
•tiids fhf €nrtlc of Carlfrnund, or
Kalfthmiti. ?n i^q;, the imperial
«1lr«rhfber wacs fninsfeircit hither from
^ire, oft account of the wars whicH va-
T&gfd thr. ()alatJnite. It irt ftnt«'d at the
eonfiirctTce of the Lahn, Diflo, and Dil-
Iftl, 30 miles N of Frankfort. Lou. 8
Sf E, lat. 5G 3.5 N .
We^veliiturgt a lown nnd citadel of
^eftphadia, in fhi- principality of Pa-
ArtjKWn. nirtc tniles s of f',ideiborn.
Wtxfirdy a c'onnty of Ireland, in th-e
province of Miniftcr, 38 inilt's long aird
34; broad; bounded on tlv n by Wick-
foW, E by St. George cHnnnel, s by the
Atlsmtic crc^rtn, w by tVat(>i'fcfd am!
Kilkenny, and n^W by Cathfi'Ioiigh. It
wyntatrtB »69 pmflic!<, fends four rfiem-
Ber'n^topiarliairicilt, iuid is it'rtiio in corn
arttl gratV. TWe jitincipal rivers are the
Batrow ;ind' S^.-Vitey.
H'exjhrd., A borough of Ireland, capi-
tal of the county of the fame nHmc It
bai» * fpacfuus haVbour at tiie mouth of
tlj«) SIan*y. on a bay of St. George
cRaWrtel, btit- the wator is not defp
cnudgli for large vell'els. Mnch wool-
V^ doth is nlanwfaftnred h(;re and in
tSe neighbourhood. The inhabitants
•tt eftimatcd at (>ooo. It is .3^ miles
vnt of Watefford, and 75 s of JDublin.
I»ow. 6 JO w, lat. 5s Si N.
fTeyiotH tO>»n' of Sweden, in Smo-
lamj, featt'd on the laki- HclgS. which
(bnhlii!i9 a' group of woody iflands.
Tboiigl* a bifhiop's fee, it is v^ry ihfiall,
sM tf^ Houtts are mnftly of ww)d. It is
50 mifcis w of eahnar. Lon. 14 57 k,
Ih*'^6-4i n-
trirfi ar ri*^!* which rifes in' ftahi"^-
ffSvt, Rfrtrs tiiYongh Suity by Goddl-
mitt^ atrd Guilford, and enters tlie
TSatne?, at VCc^'bridge.
Ptflfbrldj^ey a vifegc in Sxitty, feated
©nfflhrWryj titter its entrance' into the
THatitttj t#o rtilM E of Chertlty. Hek'**
isr "Urtnbnhi' I%rtn, the jjfe-ntations of
which w«re the firft fpfcimen in Etig-
hlM*df' fRt oW*fp^ted farm.
0ff^SHf, a vilHage in MitmpffiJJt, three
vaUKyf of/intlo^tt, farriousfhv an an-
nnafftif fftrall kind* of cattle, leather,
liops,, cheefe, and pedlary. It is onc of.
tliff Ialfgcfffe»ryitt'ETig3aod» hiWjig tvn
Vr H I
ffeifMest a town of Scotliiitd, iri fiflsw
fliife, With a harbour, whence much
coal and fait are exported. It Raridft on
thj; frith of Forth, four rnilCs He. of
Kirkaldy, and la sby >*' of Chpar.
WfTphnuih, a fcaport and borough in
Dorfctniirc, with a market ort l*uefday
and Friday. Il lands on a bay of Us
name, in the iinglifh channel, and on
the s fid«> of the month of thi Wdy,
wliich fepantcb it from the Horoiigh of
Melcnmh Regis, 't'hc two boroughs
iivo united as one corporation, goTerne'd
by a mayor, and the commur.icatioh be-
tween liiein is by means of a bridge.
See Melcomb Regis. The harliour is in-
jured by the fand, that its trade, wHicb
was once conftderable, is ninth reduc-
ed. This decline is, iri fome degree,
com^enfated by the great refort of pcr-
ibns of all ranka, for the purpofe of feS-
bathing, for which it is excellently fitted
by its remarkable fine lieach ; and the
royal family have often honoui W it with
their refidencc for rtlany weeks. Here
is a handfomc b,Yttery, a royal ..llertibly
room, and an elegant theatre. In the
church is a i^ne altar-piece, executed
and prefented by fir James Thornhill,
who was born at Melcomb Hicgis. A
few plain and ftriped cottons arc nicide
here. Near it, at the village of Kot-
tington, is a famous fulphnreous fpting.
Weymouth is nine miles '-, of Dorcbef-
ter, and is8 wsw of London. Lon. %
34 w, lat. <;o 40 N.
WeymoiitJu a town of MafHichufets,
in Norfolk county, on the » fide of
Bofton harboif|^^4 mileS sk of Eioflon.
W^'£?//cy7a vtllage in Lancafhire, four
milv;. 3 of Clithero ; noted for the ruins
of its abbey, former'ly of great not6, on
the bank of the Calder.
I^Jieeting, a town of '^ir^riia, frt 0fiio
county, w'hich participates with Pittf-
burg in the trade to the wefterW c6un-
try. h is fituate at the m'ciUth of a
Cieek on Ohio river, 45 rtlilfiS i\V of
Kttfbul^g.
ff'herfiside, the higlleft n^AUrffairi irt
England, fituate iri theSw pai'tof York-
fhire, afdid other itioutltains, aiid about
fix n«Hl^to the m of that Called In^le.
borough. Its ttimtxlit id 4050 f^et abt>ve
the level of the fea Near xM i^ are
fiiiif oif fivetarus, or fmaif lakes. Its
bafe contJiins fcverat friaciou'S c'aV»;r¥is»
rtf which the^ pi'ihci'pil aVe ^6yda»,
Gatekirk, and Grettirvrfe f^Hi.
JVkidiih\ a country of Gu'irfea, 64 the
Slave coalV, cxtendirt^ ab6Ut it riiilti
alofig the Atlantic, and 13 ott!l<klritaU<I.
£wopeah3\ir)i« Iiav^t^l^trihttiNVlnr*
world
W H I
try eji^ql \t Rb the mo(^ beaytiful in the
wQrloi ai)4 that Jpring and autuppn
rejgn perpctpaily if) alternate (;icc^(|)un«
The country is fo populous, that one
f)ngl^ vill^|;e contains ^is m^ny iniial^it-
ants a^ fom^ entire kingtleins on the
cqaft of Guinea. The people, in their
in?nner3» ha»e been cpm pared to the
Chinefe : the f4ipe pcrl'evcring induftry,
CO'en^nioub civility, jcaluiis nffe(nion
far th^ir woipen, and thievilh incV.iiH-
tions in trade, prevail in both countries.
Bows, arrows, affogayS) and ciubs, are
the pWncip^l weapons of the Whida-
iiefe. T^ey ^^ve no diAindtion of
hourii days, weeks, or ftatcd periods ;
and yv't* without pen, itik> or th^ ailifl;-
:|nce of artificial arithmetic, they calcu-
late any thing with great accuracy.
Tbey are iivld to have a faint idea of a
Supreme Being, to whom thry attribute
omnipotence, and confider him as the
Creatpr of the univcrfe. He is, tlmy
fiy, top highly exaltc4 to have any con-
cern abotit his ctvatures; and the ^o-
Vi^rinneot of the world he Uaves to the*
f^ticliest to whprp, therefore, they ap-
ply aa the mediators b^twe^n Qod and
tTaifO^. Th^f? f(:ti(;hcs are divide into
thnee ^dafles; fnakcs, tall trees, aiul the
ffai V)d fpmetimes they add a fourth,
namely* the chii?f rjver of the kingdom,
tb? BuphrateSf The 4ei{ied fnukes are
about a yard long, amazingly tame and
fauniliar; and po infult or injury can be
ontrTPd to them by a native, under pain
Sf«)bath- Here are o%en, cows, goats,
ICf Pf hogs, turkies, ducks, and hens ;
air«^ clwhftnt?, buffiilos, ti^ors, feveral
kinds of deer, ancl a fort of«ares. The
fruito arf cltrpns, 'empni, oranges, ba-
nai^as* tamarinds^ Si,c. and there are vuit
number? of palm-trees, from which
much wine is made. The trade conflfls
<jf flaveSt el«iphant« teeth, wax, and hu-
Ofty; Sin^ the chief mannfa<ftureR arti
<^Qtha, urqbrellao, b;iikets, pitchers for
pito or beer, pjatqs and difhcs uf wood,
jfqunjs finely ornamented, white and
blyo paper, ^q. In 1727, the king of
Dahomy re^uoi'd this counuy to the
date qf a dependent province. Xavicr,
or Sabi> 19 tlie capital. ^
(fkkltj/f a feapprt in N Yorlcfhire,
with a market on Saturday. It has a
CQ|)fiderable manufndtnre of canv;iS) and
a great trafpc in the buiKiint? of fliips,
an4 i'l the carrying bufuHfi^. In tlie
f^cighboyrhood are fome hrge alnin
Vrork^. Its harbour is the bell on this
coart, and has a fine pier ; but it h'S no
rjver conimunication with the inland
CQUntr/. Several ftiips are fent hence
to the Crcealand Ij^ry^. ifi 17871 a
W H I
Arong Ttfwtbuilt quay, r»pnijt»g I _
tio a high cli^, fell iiHp the laa, falUnvieA
by large maifes of the cU^. The w,
rpains of an abbey chuFch ftffci} op aj^
ciifT; and Biice the above accident Irvfo
ral parts have faU^n to the ground.
Whitby i« the birthpjape of James Cik4(,
the great circumnavigator. Thi' nii«H
ber of inhabitants in 18&1 was 748^. It
18 feated on the Gerqnait ocean* at libe
mouth of the £ik* aU mile* nne cf
Yottk, and 343 n of I^ondog, |4>m •
30 w, hit. 54 jJOV.
Whitchurch, a borough in liamplhlfe*
with a market on Friday* and a manu-
fadture of fhaloons and ferges* It 4i
feated on the Teft, near its fpurce, l«
miles K of Winchelter, and 56 w by a
of London.
Whitchurch, a town in Shrop{hirc>
with a market on Friday, ao miles M of
Shrewsbury , and 160 MW of LottdoR.
White Mowtains, the higheft part isS
a ridge of mountaine, in the ftate of
New Hamplbiie, in N Atnerica. Tb*y
extend ne and sw • and their height
ubuve an adjacent meadow, is 5 joo ftet ;
and the meadow is 3500 feet above the
level of the fca. The fnow and ice
cover them -" <? or ten loontiw in the
year; and ciu. g that time they exhibit
the bright appearance from which tbcf
arc denominated the White Mountaiaa.
Although they are 70 miles inland* they
are Utn many leagues off at fen, and
appear liktj an exceedingly brif^ht cloud
in the horizon. Their higheft fummit
is it) hit. 44 N.
White Sea, a largo bay of the Frozen
ocean, on the N part of Ruffia, on -the x
fide of wiiich (lauds the city of Archan-
gel-
Wbite/jdverf, a fenport in Cumberland,
with a market on Tuffday. It is feat-
ed on a creek of the Irilh fea, on the w
end of a gieai hill, walhed by the tide
on the w fide, where there is a large
whitifli rock, and a ftrong ftone wall
that fecures the harbour. Near it are
many coal mines, fome of which run a
confiderable way under the fea, and am
the great fource of its wealth ; but Ha
trade is. now extended 10 foreign parti.
A packet-boat fails hence woekiy to
Douglifs, in the ifle of Man. Here are,
fix yards for ihip-building, an extenfive
canvas mannfadturc, three large rope-
ries, and fi-veral ooptieras works. The
town is defeniled by batteries, and has
three neat cliurchos. Tho number of
inhabitants in ifioi was 8742. It is 37
miles sw of Carlifle, and 194 Nswof
London. Lon. :} 35 w, lat. 54 25 n.
IVhittharnt a odrough iu ScotUod, ia
u
WIB
Wigtonfhirr, net the bay of Wlgton.
It U a place of great antiouity. having
been a Roman ftation, and the fiift bi>
ibopric in Scotland. It is ci^ht miles s
of Wigton-
fybitestonvn, a town of New York, in
Herkf iiu'r county, oj» the s fide of the
Mohawk, b«'twr'-n Ol.l and New Fort
Schuyler, 50 mili w n w of Canajohary.
HhitttebUt a villiij^e on the coiift of
Kent, ff-ven miles nn-' of Canterbury.
It » a fmalt port, wht>ncc Cantcrbuiy is
fupplied with coal, and has fcTeral trad-
ing velTels to London.
IVhitittntide Island, one of the N^tw
Hebrides, in the Pacific ocean. It h ^o
miles long and eight broad, and was dlf-
covored by captain Wallis. on Whit-
funday, 1767. Lon. 168 :o e, lat. i,;
44 s.
IVhittlebun/ Forest, a forcft in the s
{)art of Northamptonihiro, nine miles
ong and three broad* In 1685, the
firft duke of Grafton was appointed he-
reditary ranger of this fortft, in which
is a 6ne feat, called Wakefield Lodge.
IViblingen, a town of Suabia, ;ivith a
Bent-didline ablwy, feated near the con-
flux of the Illcr with the Danube, three
miles ssw of Ulm.
W'iburv, or I'iborg, a government of
RulTia, formerly Rnflian Finland, and
comprifed in Kcxholm and Carelia. It
was ceded by the Swedes to tlie Ruf-
fians, partly by the peace of Nyftadt in
1741, and partly by the treaty of Abo
in 1743. Befulf paftures, the country
produces rye, oats, aid barley, but not
fuf ient for the inhabitants. In the
gov^nor's court, bufinefs is tranfadted
in the Swedifh, German, and RufTian
tongues. Liitheianifm is the eftahhlhed
religion; but Greek worftiip has been
introduced by the Rufllans.
Wiburg, a fortified feaport of Ruflia,
capital of a government of the fame
ram*.', and a bifliop's fee, with a firong
citadel. The houfos are almoft entirely
built of ftone. The chief exports are
planks, tallow, pitch, and tar. The
lurrounding country is plcafant ; and
near it, at Imatra, is the famous catara»Jt
of the Woxa, which makes a nolle
more ftnnning than that of the Rhine
at LaufFen. Wiburg (landp on the ne
point of the gulf of Fin'.tnd, 110 miles
NNW of Pcterlburg. I on. 29 10 e, lat.
60 56 N'.
IViburg, a city of Denmark, in N
Jutland, capital of a dioccfe of the fame
name, and the feat of the chief court
of juftice in the province. In 1726, a
fire burnt the cathedral, a church, the
townboufe, and the bilhop's palace;
W I E
but they have all been magnificently re^
built. It is felted on a lake, in a pe-
ninfula, 95 miles n of Slefwick. Lon.'
9 50 E, lat. 56 ao K.
fVick, a borough of Scotland, and the
capital of Caithnefsfhire, with a har-
bour on nn inlet of the German ocean,
at the mouth of a river of the fame
name. Much kelp in made here, but
the fiflieries are the ci ief ohjcjjl of im-
portance. It is j 5 miles n b of Dornoch.
Lon. a 51 w, lat. 58 xi N.
IViekt a fortified town of the Nether-
lands, in the duchy of Limburg, feated
on the Meufe, op^ofitc Maeftricht, with'
which it communicates by a bridge.
Il'ick Duerstede See Duerstede.
Wicierady a town of France, in the
department of Roer, lately of Germany,
in theduchyof Juliers, with twocaftlvSy
12 miles N of Juliers.
IViekloiUt a county of Ireland, iri the
province of Leinfter, 33 miles long .ind
so broad ; bounded on the n by Dub-
lin, E by the IriHi fea, s by Wexford,
w by C:atherlo»t:h and Kildare, and
Vw by Kildare. It is divided into, 58
pari(he8, has about 58,000 inhabitants,
and fends two members to parliament.
It is very mountainous and woody, in-
terfperfed with rocks and bogs; but
the vallies are fertile and well cultivat-
ed, and watered by numerous fmall
rivers.
Wieklowy a borough of Ireland, ca-
pital of the county of the fame name.
It is feated on the Iriih' feu, with a'
narrow harbour, at the mouth of the
river Leitrim, a6 miles ssEof Dublin.
Ion. 6 12 w, lat. 5*^8 n.
indwar, a town irf Gloucefterfhire,
pov(>rned by a mayor, with a market on
Alonday, 17 miles NS of Briftol, and'
11 J w of London.
JViddin, a fortified town of Euro-
pean Turkey, in Bulgaria, and an arch*
bifliop's fee. It has often been taken'
and retaken by the Auflrians and Turks.
It is feated on the Datiube, loo miles
N by w of Sofia, and 140 ese of Bel-
grade. Lon. 24 27 K, lat. 44 12 N.
H'ied, a county of Weftphalia, at the
confliV of the rivers Wicd and Rhine.'
It is compoffd of two parts, the Upper
Coimty, or Wied-Uunkel, and the'
Lower County, or WicU Neuwied,
each governed by its own count ; and
the former, in 1791, was raifed to the
rank of a prince of the empire. The
capitals are Dierdorfand Neuwied.
fFied, a town of Weftphalia, in the_
lower county of Wiel, with an ancieni'
decayed caftle on a mountain, nifte
miles KMW of Coblcntz.
latinatl
16 mill
palatir
i'alt-mil
In theff
!?.nd, ca-
le name.
with a'
1 of the
Dublin.
M Ev.ro-
la'n nrch«
tn taken'
1 Turks.
90 miles
of Bel-
W I o
IFielun, a town of Poland, In the pa-
latinate of Sirailiai with a good caltle*
16 mili*8 s of Sinidia.
fyialitskat a village of Poland, in the
paliitinate of Cracow, celebrated for its
I'alt-mines, eight miles SE of Cracow,
in thefe mines are fcveral fmall chapels,
excavated in the fait ; and molt of the
inhabitants reiide chieRy in the mines.
IViesemttlgy a town of Suabia, capital
of a lordlhip, with a caftie ; feated r>ii
the river Fils, in a valley enclofed by
nnountains, 16 miles wnw of Ulm, and
35 BSB of Stutgard.
IVietenthalt a town of Upper Saxony,
in Mifnia, with manufadlures of iron,
fteel, and fire-arms, and a confiderable
trade in leather. It frauds on a rivulet
of the fame name, on the frontiers of
Bohemia, 15 miles K by b of Carllbad.
Wigaitt a borough in Lancafhire, go-
verncd by a mayor, with a market on
Monday and Friday. It has a manu-
fnAure of ftrong checks, and other ar-
ticles of linen and cotton. Braziery
has long been a (lapte article; and there
n a large pottery of fine ware. The
number ot inhabitants in 1801 was
10,989. In the neighbourhood are very
extenlive iron-works ; a mineral fpring,
of a fomtrwhat fimilar nature with that
of Harrogate; and plenty of that fpecies
of coal, called Cannel, which is lo fofc
before it is brought into the open air,
that fnuff-boxes and a variety of toys
are made of it. In 1650, a battle
was fought here between the forces of
Charles i and thofe of the parliament,
in which the latter were victorious ; the
earl of Derby, who commanded the
former, being then taken prifc^ner, and
afterward beheaded. Wigan is feated
on the rivulet Douglas, which is made
n.avigable to the Ribble, and joins to a
canal from Liverpool. It is 39 miles s
of Lancafter, and 196 nnw of London.
Lon. » 50 w, lat. 53 34 N.
f'Vight, an iflaiid in the Englifh chan-
nel, on the coaft of Hampfhire, to
which county it belongs. The llrait
that feparates it from the mainland is
of unequal breadth, being about one
mile over toward the weftern, and feven
miles at the eaftern extremity. The
form of the ifland is fomewhat like a
lo/enge, and its angles lie toward the
four cardinal points. It is a i miles
from E to w, and 13 from n to s; and
is divided into two parts by the river
Medina or Cowcs, which rifes in the
fouthem angle, and enters the Tea at
the northern, at the town of Cowes,
oppofite the mouth of Southampton
l»y' The se coaft is edged with very
wi G
fteep clifTa of chalk and freefton«, hoi'
lowed into caverns in various pirts;
and vaft fraginents of rocks are fcat-
tered along the Ihore. The sw fide is
fenced with lofty ridgct of rocks, of
which tht* moft remarkable are thofe at
the w end, culled, from their Iharp ex-
tremities, the Needles. Between the
idand and the mainland are vnriont
fandbanks, efpccially off the eaftern
part, where is the fife roiid of St. He-
lens. Acrofs the ifland, from E to w,
runs a ridge of fine downs, with a
chalky or marly foil, which feed a great
number of fine fleeced (heep: rabbits
and poultry are alfo very plentiful, and
vipers are caught in large numbers for
medicinal purpofcs. To the n of thia '
ridge the land is chiefly pafture ; to the
9 of it is a rich arable country, produc-
ing great crops of corn. The variety
of profpedls which tins ifland affords,
its mild air, and the neat manner in
which the fields arc laid out, render it
a very delightful fpnt. It is devoted
almoft folely to hufbandry, and is one
of the principal refources of the Lon-
don market for barley. Among it»
produfts are a pure white pipe clay,
and a fine white cryftaline fand ; of the
latter great quantities arc exported for
the ule of the glafn-works in various'
parts. The principal town is the bo-
rough of Newport; and it likewife
contains the boroughs of Newton and
Yarmouth.
Jn^ton, a town in Cumberland, with
a market on Tuefday, and manufaftures
of coarfe linen and cotton; fec'ed
among the moors, 13 miles sw of Car-
Hfle, and 304 n n w of London.
tVigton, a borough and feaport of
Scotland, capital of Wigtonfhire. On
the s fide, near the mouth of the Blade-
noch, are the veftiges of an ancient
caftie ; and to the nb is a great morafs, •
called the Mofs of Crce. Here are m.i-
nufacftures of wool! > and cotton, the
former chiefly of plaids and flannel. It
is fituate on a hill, which overlooks the
bay of Wigton, 90 miles sw of Edin- •
burg. Lon. 4 23 w, lat. 54 57 n.
ly'igtonshire, or H'est Gallonvaif, a
county of Scotland, bounded on the N '
by Ayrfliire, ne by Kircudbrightfliire,
and on all other fides by the Irifh fea.
Its greateft extent, in any diredion,
does not exceed 30 miles, and its figure
is very irregular. It is divided into 17
parifhes, and the number of inhabitants
in ]8oi was 22,918. The bays of Luce
and Ryan extend inland, forming by
their approximation a peninfula, called
the Rhyns of Galloway. The principal
m
Ann are the Luct>, Crve, and Obdc«
./nocb. The coaft is tHlembly fertile;
but the iiUerior and northern ptirttt are
muuntninoud. fit only tor the paUiirafje
of (hcvp jtiul bUck cattle, and a Imall
breed of horfea calli^d galloways.
IFiAact, a frontier tmvii of European
Turkevi in Bofnia, featcd on a lake
formed l>y the river Unna, 40 miles i>R
of CarlA>ult. and 220 w of Belgrade.
Jjon. 11$ 10 K» bt. 45 34 N.
fVildbad, a town of Siiabia, in the
ducoy of Wirtemburg, with a celebrated
««rm batbf feated on the £nz, 34 miles
w of Sintgard.
Ifildltcrgt a town of Suabia, in the
djuchy of Wirtemburg. fituatu on the
NagpUI, 19 miles sw of Stutgard.
Wildberg, a town of Brandenluirg,
in the Middle mark, 28 miles n of Bran-
denburg.
H'tldssliausent 3 town of Weftphalia,
capital of a fmall bitiliwic, lying s of
the ducliy of Oldenburg, and belonging
tQ the duchy of Bruufwick. It is feated
UD the HuDlc, ao miles &W of Bremen.
LQn. tf 27 K( lat. 52 33 M.
Wildungetit a town of Germany, in
the county ol Waldeck, with a caftle.
Near it are mineral fpriugs, and mines
cf copper, iron, and lead. It is 14
miles ssK of Corbach.
fyiliulmtitint a fort re fs of Weftpba-
li», in the county of Schauenburg, on
an iflaud fornu*d of Itones funk for the
purpofe, in bteinliuder-mere. It. was
eredted in 1765 by William count of
Scauebburg-Lippe, for the improvement
of his new •.r.rentions in the art of war.
It hands near the town of Steinhude,
18 miles wj»w of Hanover.
fVUJtest a town of N Carolina, chief
of the county of its name, feuted on the
Yadkin, near its fource, 40 miles nnk
of Morgantown. Lon. Ut jti w, lat.
36 4 N.
Wilkesbarre, a town of Pcnnfylvania,
chief of Luicrne county, on the e
bcanch of the Sufquehanna, 118 miles
»w of Philadelphia. Lon. 76 la vv, hit.
41 13 M.
JViUomiers, a to\vn of Lithuania, in
the palatinate of Wihia, fe.ited ou the
Sweita, 45 miles nnw of Wilna.
iHUiam, I'ort. See Calcutta.
Wilimut, tort, a furt of Scotland, in
the cQuniy of Inverncfa, at the extre-
mity of Locli Liunc, where that arm of
the fea bcnda to the w, and forms Loch
£il. It is of a triangular figure, and 64
miles sw of Invcrncfs.
Wiiiiam Hemjfi a town of Lower
Canada, fituate at the conflux of the
SfM^-wit^ tJic St. iMiwreoce. It has a
W I L
protpftant and a Roman catholic church.
Th«' principal ehannel of intercourfe
with this country and the United States
is through this town. It is 40 milrs mk
of Montreal, and 120 sw of Quebec.
Lon. 73 2 2 w, lat. 45 55 N.
tyilliatni borough, a town of N Caro-
lina, chief of GraHville county, with a
flourifliing academy. It has a-briflc
trade with the back coantry, and ftands
on a creek that flows into the Roanokey
50 miles WM w of Hidifax.
nuiiamsburgt a town of New Yorkf
in Ontario county, on the B fide of the
Genefll^e, 30 miles sw of Canandaqua.
tVilUanuburg, a town of Virginia,
formerly the capital of that ftate. It
is lituate between two creeks; one
flowing into James, and the other.into
York river; and the dift«nc<? of each
landing place is about a mile from the
town. The college of William and
Mary is fixed here; but fluce the re*
moval of the feat of government, this
and other public buildings aro much
(l<H:ayed. It is 60 miles bsk of Rich-
mond. Lon. 77 3 w, lat. 37 10 K.
}Vil!iatHsl>Qrtt a town of Maryland,
in Walhington county, feated on the
Potomac, at the mouth of Conego-
cheaque creek, fix miles sw of Elifa-
bethtown, and 7j nmw of Walhington.
fViUiamstadit a ftrong feaport of
Dutch Brabant, built by William 1,
prince of Orange, in 158^. It is cue
uf the keys of Holland, is well built,
and has n good harbour. This place
made a gallant defence, in 1793, againft
tlie French, who were obliged to raife
the fiege; but it furrendered to them
■>i '795- . I^ flands on that part of the
Mcufe called Butterfliet, 15 miles WNW
of Breda. Lon. 4 30 k, lat. 51 39 v.
H'iiliamiton, a town of Maflhchu*
feta, in ^ ' Ihire county, with a flou-
rifliing ».iimary called Williams Col-
lege, in honour of its liberal founder.
It is s8 miles K of Lenox, and 156 WNW
of Borton.
Wiiitamston, a town of N CaroHn.i,
chief of Martin county, fituate on the
Roanoke, 24 miles w of Plymouth,
and 55 sE of Halifax.
Pfillis Isle, a rocky iOand^r*^ he jf
end of the ifland of Southern Georgia.
It was difcovered in 1775, and contain-
ed the iiefis of many thoufand iliugs.
Lon- 38 30 w, lat. 54 o s.
Willisau, a town and bailiwic of
SwiOl'iiand, in the canton of Lucem,
feated among mountains on the river
Wiger, lO miles wuvv of Lucem.
Wilmatistrund, a town of Huffia, in
the government of Wiburg. In i74r>
*•
W IL
an obfttnate battle wai fought near this
town between 3000 Sweden and 1 6*000
Ruflians; but, at laft, the former were
obliged to yield to fuperiority of num-
ber. It is fcated on the s fide of the
lake Saima, 40 miles nnw of Wiburg,
and 100 NNW of Peteriburg.
fVilmingtoa, a maritime diftridl of N
Carolina, comprehending the counties
of Brunfwi'-k, New HanoVer, Onflow,
Duplin, an Bladen.
ff'Umirif »!, a town of N Carolina,
in New Hanover county, capital of the
diftridt of its name. It has a cf>nrider-
able trade to the W Indies, and (lands
on the NK branch of Cape Fear river, 34
miles from the Tea, and 90 ss w of New>
bern. Lon. 78 ao w,lat. 34 < n.
Wilmington^ a feaport of Delaware,
in Newcaftle county. Here are fix
edifices for public worfhip; and the
town and its neighbourhood is deemed
the greatcft feat of manufaAures in the
United States. Almoit the whole of
the foreign exports of Delaware are
from this place. It is fituate on the n
fide of Chriftiana creek, two miles w
of the river DtHaware, and aS sw of
Philadelphia. Lon. 75 40 w, lat. 39
43 N.
Wilmshwt a town in Chefliire, with
a market on Saturday, feated on the
Bolin, 13 miles n of Congleton, and
174 Nw of London.
W'tlna, the capital of Lithuania, in a
palatinate of the fame name, and a bi-
fhop's fee, with a univerfity, an ancient
caftle, and a royal palace. It Hands on
fevensl little eminences, and bus two
confiderable fuburbs called AntokoUo
and Rudaiflca. Here are upward of
forty churches; and the magnificent
one belonging to the caftle ha« a very
rich treafury. In 1748, a dreadful con-
flagration deftroyed thirteen churches ;
and in 1749, another fire happened by
lightning, which confumed fix churches;
befide thefe, the Jcwilh fynagogtie, the,
council-houfe, thirty-three palaces, nu-
merous ftone edifices, and other build-
ings were deftroyed. The churches
have been rebuilt, and fome of them in
a more elegant manner than before ;
but the city has not recovered its former
grandeur. Wilna was taken by the
Ruffians in 1794, and with its territory
annexed to that empire. It is feated on
the Wllia, 180 miles E of Koniglberg,
and 240 NE of WarCiw. Lon. 25 a8 e,
lat. 54 41 N.
misdorfi a town of Upper Saxony,
in Mifnia, near which, in 1745, the Sax-
ons were defeated by Uie Prulfiaas. It
ii aine mUei w of Dreiaen.
WIM
WiUnacht A town of Brandenbtil'l,
in the nurk of PregnitZf 14 miles MW
df HavelSerg.
VTihoiwitz, a town of Moratia, ill
the circle of Hradifch, 15 mitei Bnk of
Hradifch.
Wihter, a town of Lower Saxony,
in Holftein, 10 miles n of Otuckftadt.
fTiltont a borough in Wiltfliire, gd-
vemed by a mayor, with a market on
Wednefday. It was formerly the capi*
tal of the county, but if now much
reduced. Here is Wilton-houfe, thb
magnificent feat of the curl of Pent'*
broke, in which is a celebrated collec*
tion of antiques. It has a manufkdturs
of carpets and thin woollen ftuffs, and
is feated between the rivers Willy and
Nadder, three miles w by N of Salilbury,
and 8 ( w by s of London.
fViltshire, a county of England, 53
miles long and 38 broad rbound^ oti
the E by Berklhire and Hampfliire, is
by Hampfliire and Dorfetfliire, w by
Somerfetfliire, and Nw and k by Glou-
ccfterfliire. It contains 8 a i , 1 ao acres }
is divided into 29 hundreds, and 304
pariflics ; ha j one city and 23 markei-*
towns ; and fends 34 members to par-
liament. The number of inhabitants
in i8ot was 185,107. The ah* is fliar|>
on the hills in winter, but is mild dur-
ing that feafon in the vales. The land
in the N parts is generally hilly and
woody, but very fertile; here beine
made that kind of cheefe which is m
much efteemed as North Wiltfhire. In
the s it is rich and fertile. In the mid-
dle it chiefly confifts of downs, that
afford the beft pafture for (heep ; and
in the vallies, which divide the downs,
are corn-fields and rich meadows. Its
chief conunodities are flieep, wool*
wood, and ftone; of this laft there are
excellent quarries on the banks of the
Nadder, where fome Of the ftones aire
23 yards in length, and four in thick*
ncfs, vrithout a flaw. The chief mzmi-
fadtures are the different branches of
the clothing-trade. The principal rivers
are the Upper and Lower Avon, th^
Nadder, Willy, Bourn, and Kfenne^
Saliibury is the capital.
}Vimbledon, a village in Surry, on aft
elevated heath, feven miles sw of Lutt>>
don. On the sw angle of the common
is a circular encampment, including
feven acres ; the trench very deep anc
perfeft. At Wimbledoi are copper
mills, a manufaAure for printing cat-
lico?, and another of japan ware.
Wimbontt or Wimbo:n Minstert A
town in Dorfetfliire, with a market oa
Friday. It had a ittonAftery, in wbtiA
3C
wr-
W I M
were intened the W Saxon king* Ethcl-
drcd and Sigeforth, and quctn Ethel-
Dtirga. Its noble church, called the
Minfter, was formerly collcgiute. It is
feated^ l^tween the Stour and Allen,
lix miles n of Puole, und loo sw uf
London.
irimmis, a town of SwiHerland, in the
canton of Ham, feated on the Sibncn,
J 8 miles s of Bern.
IVim/'fent a town of Suabia, lately
imperial. It conlifls of two tow ns call-
Mi Wimpfen on the Hill and Wimpfon
ia the Vale: in the former is u Lu-
theran parifh church, and a gramm.kr
fchoijl} and in the latter is a catholic
abbey, and a monallery. A fait work
was eftablifhed here in 176 1. It is fi-^t-
ed, on the Ncckar, eight miles n of
Hellbron, and aa e of Heidelberg.
, : Wincaunton, a town in Somerfetfliire,
with a market on VVcdnefday, and a
maniifatflure of ticking and duuglas. It
it featud on the fide of a fiill, 24 miles
s of Bath, and 108 w by d of London.
IVinchcombi a town in Gloucefter-
Aiire, with a market on Saturday. It
wa« formerly noted for its abbey^whofc
mitred abbot fat in parliament. Near
it is the ruin of Budeley caftle, where
' Catharine Parr, queen of Henry v 1 11,
and afterward wife to fir Thomas Sey-
mour, died in childbed, nnt without
fufpicion of poifon. Winclicomb is
feated in a bottom, 15 miUii n£ of
(rloucefter, and 99 wnw of London.
JVincbelsta, a town in SuffeK, an ap-
pendage to the cinque ports, governed
by a mayor, with a market on Satur-
. day. It was built in thir reign of Ed-
ward r, about tbr<;e miles from the place
where a more ancient town of the fame
name had been fwallowed up by the
ica. The new town being facked by
the French and Spaniards, and dcferted
■by ttie fea, dwindled to a mean place.
^\ntQ of the gates arc yei ftanding,
but much decayed ; and the haven is
now choked up. On the levfl relin-
<^uiA)ed by the fea, which is kept out
byexpcnfive works, nnd two miles v.tiz
of the town, is Camlicr caftle, built by
Henry viii. Winchelfea is foated on
a rocky clifF, on an inlet of the fea, four
nileii sw of Rye, and 64 sh. of London.
Winchester, a city in Hamplhire, go-
verned by a mayor, with a market on
tVednefday and Saturday. .It is on«
mile and a half in circumference round
the walls, which ;u"c jjreatly decayed,
and through them are tour^'ates. Here
are eight churches, befide the cathedral,
\.i wbich were interred feveral Saxon
Iriostadlri quoeiMf whole bc^ea were ccl-
W I N
IcAcd by.bifhop Fox, put. into fix fmall
gilded coffins, and placed on a wall in
the s fide of the choir. In this cathe-
dral alfo is the marble cnfHn of William
Rufua. On a fine eminence, overlook-
ing the city, ftood the caftle, wliich
was taken from Charles i, and after-
ward demoliihed, except the magnifi-
cent hall, in which the aifizes are now
held. Near the fite of this caftle is the
flicll of a palace, built by Charles 11,
but never finifficd : fome years fince, a
p<irt was fitted up fur the reception of
orifoners of war. Near this ptace is St.
Alary's Culle]^c, founded by Williain of
Wykeham; tor a warden, 70 fcholars,
10 fellowH, &c. with exhibitions for
New College, Oxford ; and contiguous
to it is a ipacious quadrangular edifice
for commoners or gentlemen not oa
the foundation. Near the s end of the
city is the hofpital of St. Crofs, founded
b^ a biihop of this fee, for a maRer,
nme poor brethren, and four out-pen*
fioners. All travellers, who call at this
hofpital, have a right to demand fome
bread and beer, which is always broujiht
to them. Njar the e gate of the city
is St. John's hofpital, in the ball of
which the corporation give their enter-
tainmentH. Wintheftcr was of great
note in the time of the Saxons, <ind
here Egbert was crowned the firft foic
monarch of England. Here Henry 11
held a parliament, king John refided,
Henry iii wad born, Richard n htV a
parliament, and Henry i v was married,
as was alfo Mary r. In i8ot the num.-
biT of inhabitants was 5826. It i»
feated on the river Itcheii, which is na-
vigable hence to Southampton, 31 milet
NW of Chichefter, and 6a w by Jf of
London. Lon. i iz w, lat. 51 4 N.
JVinchester, a town iif Virginia, ca-
pital of Frederic county. It has four
edifices for public woiiliip, and flands
near the head of Op«?ckon creek, which
flows into the Potomac, 80 miles wnw
of Alexandria. Lon. 7834 k, lat. 39 15 n.
H'ifit/au, a IVapori of the duchy of
Conrland, with a qallle. The exports
are pitch, tar, wax, iic and fome fltips
are built here. It ftands at the mouth
of a river of the fame name, in the Bal-
tic, 76 miles NW of Mittau.and loo n by
K of iMemel. Lon. ai 50 f, lat. 57 15 n.
JVindernine, or Jf'inandermere, the
molt extenfive lake in England, lying
between Weftmorland and Lancaftiire.
It extends is miles from n to s, but in
no part broader than n mile; and n
famous for its fine char, and abundance
of trout, pi'rch, pilre, and eel. Its prin-
cipal feeders 4r« the .avcr/S Kothay an4
WIN
Brathay. and its outlet the river Leven.
This lake is frequently interfeifted by
promoiitorieu, and fpotted with iflands.
Among thcfe, the Holme, or Great
liland, an oblong tra<fl of ,^o acres,
croflTcs the lake in nn oblique line, fur
rounded by a number of inferior iflcs,
finely wooded.
Irindhamt a town of ConneAicut,
capital of the county of its name \ feat>
ed on the Shctiickct, 31 miles b of
Hartford.
IVindisgratzt a town of Germany, in
Stiria, 24 miles nw of Cilley.
fViful/ifij^en, a town of Suabia, m the
duchy of Wiilemburp, featod oa the
Lauter, at its confluence with the
Neckar, iz miles se of Stutgard.
Jfindibacht a town and caftlc of
Syabia, in the margravate of Anfp.ich,
on the Rcdnltz, 10 miles se of Anfpach.
fyindiheintt a town of Franconia,
lately imperial. The ramparts which
furround it fervo for a promenade. It
is featud on the Aiich, 30 miles se uf
Wurtzburg, and 3a saw of Bamberg.
IVindior, a borough in BerkOiire,
featcd on an eminence, on the Thames,
with a market on Saturday. It is cele-
brated for its maguificent caftle, built
originally by Wii(iam the conqueror,
and enlarged by Henry i. It was the
relidence of the fucceeding monarchs,
till Edward -III (who was born in it)
caufed the ancient building to be taken
down, and eredled the prefcnt ftrufture
and St. George's chapel. Great addi*
tions were made to it by Edward iv,
Henry vii, Henry v 11 r, and Elifabeth.
Charles 11 enlarged the windows and
made them regular, furnifhed the royal
apartments with paintings, enKirged the
terrace walk on the n fide, and carried
it round the e and s fides. His prefent
majefty has alfo made very fine im-
provements. This caftle (lands on a
high hill, which rifes from the town by
a gentle afcent; and its fine terrace,
faced with a rampart of frceftone, 1870
feet in length, is one of the nobleft walks
in Europe, with refpe«Jt to ftrength,
grandeur, and profpedts. From that
part of the caftle, called the Round
Tower, is an extenfive view into la
counties. St. George's chapel, or the
collegiate, church, which ftands between
tlie upper and lower courts, was begun
by Edward iii, in 1377, in honour of
the order of the garter. Edward iv
enlarged the defign, and it was finiftied
by Henry vii. The interior architec-
ture is greatly admired, particularly its
ftone roof; and the whole was repaired
and beautified -in 1799. In this chapel
WIN ,
arc interred Henry vi, Edward iv»
Henry viii, his queen Jane St'ymoiir>
and Charles 1. Thq royal foundationt
in this caftle are ; the order of the gar-*
ter, inftituttd in 1349, Mnfifting of the
fovereign, and 25 knights companions,
exclufive of the princes of the blood
royal j and the royal college of St«
George, confifting of a dean, 12 canpnR»
fi'ven minorcanons,and iSpuor knights.
Oppofitc tlie sc fide of the caftle, it
a modern-built manfion, called the
Queen's Lodii;ej and below this is the
Lower Lodge, nir the accommodatioti
of the younger branches of the royal
family. Adjoining the queen's lodge
is the little park, which extends round
the R and n fides of the caftle, and
forms a beautiful lawn, four miles in
circumference. On the s fide of the
town is the great park, which is 14
miles in circumference : it ,has a noble
road from the town, throiigh a double,
plantation of trees, to the rang^-r's
lodge. On the death of the laft ranger,
Henry Frederic duke of Cumberland,
his majefty took the management of
this park mto his own hands : and the
improvements made by his majefty are
very confiderablc with refpeft to agri-
cultural utility, as well as rural beauty.
Windfor is 17 piiles e by n of Retiding,
and 21 w of London. Lon. o 36 w^ lat.
5130N.
Windsor, a town df Vermont, chief
of the countv of its name. The aflem-
biy of the ftate holds its feftion here
and at Rutland alternately. It is feated
on the river Conne^icut, 40 miles e by
s of Rutland, and ja nr of Bennington.
Lon. 72 40 w, lat 43 27 s.
Windsor, a town of Conneflicuti in
Hartford county, on the river Connec-
ticut, at the influx of Windfor Ferry
river, feven miles n of Hartford.
Windsor, a town of N Carolina, chief
of Bertie county, fituate on ihe CuOial*
33 miles w by 8 of Edenton.
Windsor, a town of MalTachufets, in
Bcrkflure county, feated among hills,
2o miles nnw of Lenox, and 136 w by
N of Bofton.
Windsor, a town of Nova Scotia,
with a college, founded by royal charter
ill i8o2. It is feated on a river of the
fame name, 25 mi'ej nw of Halifax.
Windsor, New, a town of New
York, in Ulftcr county, on the w fide
of the Hudfon, jurt above the high
lands, fix miles n of Weft Point.
Windsor Forest, a forelt Ift the E
part of Berkftiire, 50 miles in circum-
ference. Though the foil is generally
barren and uncultivated, it is Anely di-
-, o ^
W I N
«%rfified by hilla and d«lei| woods and
ttims, and delightfiil villai. It contatnit
'leverai towns and villa^ea, of which
Wokingham ii the principal.
Windward hlandi, fuch of the Ca-
ribbce iflandi in thi: W Indivs, as com-
mence at Martlnico, and extend to
Tobago.
tVindivard Patsage^ the ftralt he-
tween Point Mai/i, the e end of the
ifland of Cuba, and Cape St. Nicholas,
the Nw extremity of St* Domingo.
}y$nHtnden, a town and caftle of
Suabia, in the duch]( of Wirtembuig,
I a miles ene of Stutgard.
ffianiczat a town of Poland, in Po-
doliai with a caftle ; feated on the river
Bog, 35 miles n of Braclclau.
ninnlptgt a lake of Upper Canada,
NW of Lake Superior. It is 340 miles
lon^ and from 50 to too broad, and
exhibits a body of water next in fize to
Lake Superior. It receives the waters
of reveral fmall lakes in every direction,
and contains a number of fmall idands.
The lands on its banks produce vaft
quantities of wild rtcei and the fugar-
tree in great plentv.
Winnsboroiabt a town of S Carolina,
chief of ^airfield county* with a femi-
nary called Moimt Zion College. It
Hands on IVateree creek, which ilowa
into the river of that nanici 30 miles n
by w of Columbia.
}Viiuehotent a rortified town of Hol-
landf in Groniiigcn. Here, in 156B,
was fought the firft battle between the
revolted Dutch and the Spaniards, who
were defeated by Lewis, brother to the,
prince of Orange. It is fix miles s of
DoiUrt bay, ai:d 19 ese of Groningen.
PTifijen, a town of Lower Saxony* in
the duchy of Luneburg, with a c^lc,
feated on the Luhe, near its confluence
with the Ilmenau, 15 miles nw of
Luneburg. — Another, feated on the
Alter, flx miles below Zdl, and 47 ssw
of Luneburg.
fFin^ferdi a vill.ige in Cheftiire, on
the river Wecver, four miles w by n of
Middlewich. Here is a confiderable
manufaAure of fait, and abundance of
fait rock, of which great quantities are
fent to Liverpool for exportation.
Winslcuvt a town in Buckingham-
fliire, with a market on Tuefday, feven
miles KW of Aylefbury, and 49 wtiw uf
London.
fFhulow, a town of the diftrlA of
Maiae, in Lincoln countv, feated on
the Kennebec, 18 miles n or Harrington.
WirnUr, a town in Derbyfhire, which
has a meeting for the fale of provifions
on Saturday. It is fituate among rich
lead-roiacB, atftnilei NNWofDetby.
W I R
lyintfrberg, a town of the dUchy of
Weflphalia, la milifs sw of Corbacb,
and a8 .IF. of Arenlburg.
fVinterbergt a town of Bohemia, in
the circle at Prachin, a^ miles wsw of
Pifcck.
Jl'intrrburg, ii town of France, in the
department of .Rhine ancMHofelle, lately
of Germany , in the county of Sponheim,
10 miles WNW of Creutznach, und it
9SK of Simmem.
H'interinghami a town in Lincoln*
fliirc, governed by a mayor, but has no
market; feated near the Humbcr, 3j
miles N of Lincoln.
fHtiterthur, a town of SwilTt-rland,
in the canton of Zurich, where there
arc mineral baths. The articles nLide
here l)y the fmiths and turners are in
great eftimation i and it has mannfac-
tures uf earthen ware, ftriped camlets,
and cotton. It \» fcatod in a fertile
plain, on the river Ulach, iz miles fcNE
of Zurich.
IVintertottt a village on the e coafl of
Norfolk, near a promontory called
Wintertonnefs, on which is u light<
houfe, 10 miles n by w of Yarmoutn.
jyinthropt a town of the diftrift of
Maine, in Lincoln county, 10 miles w
by s of Harrington.
JFintonf « town of N Carolina, chief
of Hartford county, fltuate on the
Chowan, 12 miles sse of Murfrieefbo*
rough, and 30 nw of Edenton.
WtniveiUr, a town of France, In the
department of Mont Tonncrre, lately
of Germany, and capital of the county
of Falkenllein. It is 24 miles wsw of
Worms, and a; nk of Deux Ponts.
Jf^innuick, a village in Lancalhire,
three miles n of Warrington. It is
deemed the richeft rcAory m the king-
dom ; and on the s fide of the church r*
a Latin infcription, intimating that the
place was once a favourite (eat of Of-
wuld, king of Northumberland.
Wippcrfurtt a town of Weftphalia,
in the duchy of Berg, feated on the
Wipper, near its fource, 30 miles esi
of Dufleldorf.
IVipprot a town of Upper Saxony, in
the county of Mansfeld, fituate on the
Wipper, 10 miles wnw of Eifleben.
fVirkstvorth, a town in Derbyfliirc,
with a market on Tuefday. Lead ore
is found here in great abundance, and
it is the greateft mart for lead in Eng-
land. Millftones and grindftones are
alfo found in the neignbourhood, as
well as veins of antimony. It is feated
ill a valley, near the fource of the Ec-
clelbom, 13 miles n by w of Derbyj
and 140 nnW of London.
JVirttmburgt or Wurttnburgt a fove*^
I duchy of
Corbacht
ohentia, in
ies wsw of
ince, in the
ifellc, lately
Sponhoim,
ch, und I ft
n Lincoln-
but has no
[umber, 3j
iwifTt-rland,
vherc there
tides made
ntTB are in
18 mannfac-
ed camlets,
in a fertile
} miles fcNC
le E coait of
itory called
is a light-
Ifarmoutn.
e diftrift of
lo miles w
irolina, chief
ate on the
Murfreefbo-
ton.
ranee, In the
lerre, lately
' the county
liles wsw of
K Fonts.
Lancalhire«
iton. It i»
m tJiC king-
e church is
sng that the
\ feat of Of-
and.
IWeftphalia,
Tited on the
miles ESS
Saxony, in
late on the
^ifleben.
)erbylhire,
Lead ore
kdance, and
id in Eng*
Iftones are
lurhood, as
lit is ft-ated
lof the Ec-
1 of Derbyi
Igt a fove^
W I S
reign duchy of Germany, in the circle
of Suabfa ( bounded on the n by the
palatinate of the Rhine and Franconia,
E and 8 by feveral provinces of Suabiu,
and w by the Black Foreft and the
nur(]uifate of Baden. It is 65 miles in
length, and nearly as much in breadth;
and is one of the moft populous und
fertile countries in Germany, though
there arc many mountains and woods-
It produces plenty of pafture, corn,
fruit, and a great deal of Neckar wine,
fo called from the river Neckar, which
runs through the duchy. There arc
alfo mines and fait fpringR, and much
game. Stutgard is the capital.
lyiibadm, a town of Germany, in
Wctteravia, with a palace belonging to
the prince of Naflau-Ufingen. The
adjacent country is furrounded by plea-
fant hills, whicb yield excellent wine.
The town has fomc warm baths, for-
merly of great repute. It is fix miles
N of Mentz, and a» w of Frankfort.
JVisbeaeh, a town in Cambiidgelhire,
with a market on Saturday. It is feated
in the ifle of Ely, between two rivers,
and has a confiderable trude in corn,
and of oil prefTed from feeds at mills in
its neighbourhood. It is 34 miles nnw
of Cambridge, and 89 n of London.
fflsiv, a feaport of Sweden, capital
of the ifle of Gothland, with a caftle.
It i*^ feated on the fide of a rock, on the
Baltic, 129 miles s by e of Stockholm.
Lon. 18 41 B, lat. 57 36 N.
ff'ueasjet, a feaport of the diftrift of
Maine, in Lincoln county, vvhich has a
confiderable trade. The judicial courts
for the county are held here and at
Harrington alternately. It is feated on
the Sheepfcut, near the fea, 56 miles ne
of Portland. Lon. 69 45 w, fat. 43 57 n.
IVischgrodt a town of Poland, in the
palatinate of Plockiko, feated on the
Viftula, 18 miles ifi by s of Plockiko,
and 58 WNw of Warfaw.
fVisloch, a town of Germany, in the
late palatinate of the Rhine, feated on
the Elfatz, 14 miles e by n of Spire.
Wismary a ftrong feaport of Lower
S'lKony, in the duchy of Mecklenburg,
with a citadf' By the peace of Weft-
phalia, in 1648, it became the property
of Sweden; but it has fuffered fVe-
c[uently in fubfequent wars, thp laft
time in 171 6, when it was takeu by th^
northern confederates, who at the end
of the following year blew up and railed
its former fortifications. The three
principal churches, the townboufe, and
the palace of Mecklenburg are its
mod remarkable buildings. The royal
Swediih tribunal for the Gernun dip-
minions of that crown \» efiabUfl><4 ^
WIT
this place. It it feated on a bay of 4^
Baltic, 30 miles k by N of Lubcc, m
33 WBW of Roftock. Lon. 1 1 34 b, lat.
53 56N.
Wis ton t a town of Wales, in P«m-
bnikefhire, governed by a mayor, wtth
a market on Wednefday. It had for-
merly a cadle, which it now a gentle*
man's feat. It it flx milet bmi of Ha*
verfordweil, and 348 www of London.
fi'itgfii, a ftrong town of Lithuania,
capital of a 'Mlatinate of the fiime
itame, with a ch|)«. The Ruffiana be-
fieged it fcveral timet in vain. It is
feated in a moraft, at the confluence of
the Dwina and Widfba, 65 milet a of
Polotflc, and 80 wnw of Sme^enflc.
Lon. 19 40 E, Int. 55 4^ N.
fy'ttvenau, a town ot Lufatia, on th«
river Elfter, 17 miles nnw of Budiflen.
^Vit/fenau, a town of Bo^mia, in the
circle of Bechin, on the mkt LaufiiitZy
14 miles E of Budweit.
Jf'itgenstehi, a caftle of Germany, in
the Weiterwald, which gives name to
a fmall county, united to that of Sayn.
It (tands on a high rock, 13 milet kw of
Marburg.
Witham, a river in Lincolnfliire,
which flows N by Grantham to Lin-
coln, and thence se by Tatterihall and
Bofton into the German ocean. From
Lincoln it has a communication with
the Trent, by a navigable canal, called
the Fofsdike, cut by king Henry 1.
TVtthamt a town in Eflex, with a
market on Thurfday, feated on a rivu-
let, near its confluence with the Black-
water, eight miles ne of Chelmsford,
and 38 ENE of London.
Witlich, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Sarre, lately of Germany,
in the eleftorate of Treves. It has a
caftle called Ottenftein, and in its
neighbourhood are many copper-mines.
It is feated on the Lefer, 19 miles nne;
of Treves.
WitMundt a town of Weftphalia, in
£ Friefland, feated on the Harle, 30
miles NE of Emden.
Witney, a town in Oxfordihure, with
a market on Thurfday. Here are mar
nufaAures of the fined blankets, and
other thick woollens, called beur-ikini
and kerfeya. It is feated on the Wind-
rufhs 1 1 miles wnw of Oxford and 65
of London.
Witttockf a town of Brandenbui|[, in
the mark of Pregnitz, with celebrated
cloth manufa^urcs, on the river DofiTj
1^ miles NNW of ^uppin.
Wfttejihergt a ftrong town of Ger-
S^any, capital of Saxony Proper, with a
famova univerfity, and a cnftle. It it
fht^ pk^cc where ttw general aff^blica
t;
f
£ . wo A
o^e circle of Upper Saxony arc held.
Martin Luther began the rt>formatioii
here,' in 15 17, and is buried ;n a chapel
belonging to the cattle. Wittenberg
bas fufFered greatly by warsi 'particu-
larly in the Hcge by the Auftrians in
I760. It is featcd on the Elbe, over
w;ich isA bridge, 65 mil»'9 NW of Dref-
den. Lon. la 45 e. lat. 51 54 n.
f^lttntburgt a town of Brandenburg,
n/ the mark of Pregniy|bfrated on the
Elbe, fcven miles ssw|iPerleberg.
Wittfttburg, a town of Lower Sax-
ouy, in Mecklenburg, 15 miles wsw of
Schweriii. ^
Wittenhall, a large village m Statfori-
ftiire, three miles E of Wolvtrhsmpton,
partaking In the trade of that town.
IVittensteln, a town t)f Riidiii, in the
jcovcrnpient^ Livonia, 40 miles se of
Revel. ?|g,
TfiUlesey-mere, a lake in the n e part
of Huntingdonlhire, fix miles long and
three broad. It is four miles s of Peter-
boroot!;h.
fFiizenhansen, a town of Germany,
in Lower Heflc, feated on the Werra,
18 miles E by n of Caflel.
Wiveliscomb, a town in Somerfet-
Ihire, with a market or Tuefday, and a
Coujiderable manufa(5iure of blanketing,
kerfcys, and other coarfe cloths. It
ftund« on the Thone, ao miles n of
Exeter, and 153 w by s of London.
. ff'ivftt/ioe, a village in Elfex, feated
on the Coin, three miles se of Colchef-
ter, of which it is the port, and has a
cuftomhoufe. The Colchefter oyfters
are chiefly barrelled at this place.
Wladiilnwt a town of Poland, ca-
pital of 3 palatinate of its name, and of
the province of Ci'j''vi=»3 with a fort.
It is the refidence of the bifliop of Cu-
javia, and f^ands on the Viftula, 98
miles wsw of Warfaw. Lon. 18 50 e,
ii )at. ^j ';4 N-
^ inod-yAmibrz, a town of Little Po
land, in Volhinia, with a cattle ; feated
on ihe Bug, 46 miles w of Lucko.
JVIotho, a tpwii of Weftpiialia, m the
county of Raveiifbeig, feattd on the
Wefcr, feven miles ay/ of Minden.
Hoa/ioo, one of the Sandwichjflands,
feven leagues nw of Morotoi. From
tlie.ippearancpoftlie NEand NW parts,
it is the fineft ifland <,f the group. A
bay is foimed by ilit n and w extre-
mities, into which a fine river flaws,
tlirotigli n. d^ep valley; but the water
is brackifli fpr aoo yards from the
entrance. It is fuppofcd to contain
^o 000 inhabitants. Lieut. Herijift, whp
had been ftnt from England, m 1791,
with a fapply of Rrovifions for captain
Vancouvev, thea on a voya.^e of ailco-
W O L
very, was here furprifed and mnrdercd
by the natives, together with Mr.
Gooch, the aftronomer. Lon. 157 51
w, lat. 2 1 43 N.
IFobunh a town in Bedfordihire, with
a market on Friday. It had an ancient
abbey, on the fite of which the prefent
. m ignificent building called Woburn
Abbey was built by the late duke of
Bedford. The town was burnt down
in 1724, but has been neatly rebuilt.
Near it is found great plenty of fullers
earth. It is 12 miles s of Bedford, and
4a Nvw of London.
IVodnian, a town of Bohemia, in the
circle ')f Prachin, feated on the Bianitz,
I a mile!) s of Pifeck..
Pfoerden, a town of S Holland, feated
on the Rhine, 10 miles w of Utretcht.
JVokey, or Okey, a village in Somer-
^"tlhire, on the 6 fide of the Mendip
'iills, two miles 'w of Wells. Here is a
famous cavern, called Wokey Holej the
mouth of which is only fix'fett high;
but it foon expands into a fpaciousv.iult,
80 feet in height ; the roof compofed
of pendant rocks, whence a clear water,
of a petrifying quality, continually
drops. From this grotto a narrow paf-
fage defcends to another of lefs height {
and beyond a fecond narrow pafTage i*
a third grotto. The extremity is above
200 yards from the entrance.
IVokingy a village in Surry, on the
river Wcy, five miles nnb of Guildford.
In the manor-houfe here died Margaret
countvfs of Richmond, mother of Henry
VI r. The Ihell of the guard room is
ftill remaining.
^'okiiigham, or Oakingbam, a cor-
porate town in Berklhire, with a market
on Tuefday, noted for its great fiipply
of poultry. Here all the courts for
Windfor tVeft are held, and four miles
to the SE are vcttiges of fome Roman
entrenchment.'! called Cefar's Camp. It
is feven miles ese of Reading, and 31 w
by s of London,
ff'oiiiu, a ftrong town of Silefia. ca-
pital of a principality of the fame
name, with a tine cattle, many haiid-
fome buildings, and a great woollen ma..
nufadVure. Jt is feated near the Oder,
furrounded by .i morafs, so miles nw
of Bredau. Lon 16 45 K.lat. 51 ifl n.
Jf'olbefkt a town of Weftphalia, in
the principality of .Munfter, feven miles
SSK of Muntter.
iVoldecItt a town of Lower Saxony, in
Mecklenburg, ai miles ene of Strclitz.
yVelfach, a town of Suabia, in the
principality of Furftcnberg, on a river
of the fame name, at its confluence
>viththeKinzig, 19 miles ne ofFribiirg.
WtlfinbuttU, a principality of Lowfr
Saxo
duch
two
deHn
bordt
And' J
tweer
the al
Wen
abuni
fdk,
fruit.
arable
and ir
and
mine ;
The .
Leine,
ligion
murdered
with Mr.
n. 157 51
Hhire, with
an ancient
the prefent
1 Woburn
te duke of
lurnt down
tly rebuilt,
y of fuller*
edford, and
jmia, in the
the Bianitz,
Hand, feated
f Utretcht.
e in Somer-
the Mendip
Here is a
ey Holei the
x'feet high;
aciousv.iult,
:)f compofed
, clear water,
continually
. narrow paf-
F lefs height ;
:>\v paflage is
mlty is above
ie.
irry, on the
f Guildford,
ed Margaret
her of Henry
ard rootn ii>
yjaniy a cor-
rith a mnrket
Igreat fupply
Y courts for
|d four miles
jme Roman
rs Camp. It
jg.andai w
Silefia, ca-
lf the fame
(many hand-
Iwoollen m.w
jir the Oder,
miles NW
lat. 51 in N.
Iftphalia, in
1 fevun miles
Saxony, in
of Strelitz.
|ibia> in the
on a river
1 confluence
|ofFril)urg.
ofLowfr
W O L
Saxony, which conftitutes a part of the
duchy of Brunfwick. It is divided into
two parts by the principalities of Hil-
deftieim and Halberftadt ; the northern
borders on the duchies of Luneburg
and- Magdeburg ; the fouthern lies be-
tween the principality of Heklefhcim,
the abbey of Corvey, and the cgunty of
Wernigerode. The n part produces
abundance of grafs, grain, Rnx., hemp^
filk, and various kinds of pulfe and
fruit. The s part is hilly and has litile
arable land, but yields plenty of timber
and irou^ and has tnunufa^ures of glafs
and fine porcelain, with a very rich
mine and fait wwks in the Hartz Foreft.
The principal rivers are the Wefer,
Lcine, and Ocker. The cAabliflied re-
ligion is the Lutheran.
fVoJfenbuttkt a flroiig city of Lower
Saxony, capital of the principality of
the fame name. It has a caftle, a long
time the refidence of the dukes, in
which * an excellent library, with a
cabinet 01 curiofities relating to natural
hiflory. Tlie academy is very famous,
and is called the ducal great fchool.
In the principal church is the burial
place of the princes, which is an admir-
able piece of architecture. W,olfen-
but'.le is feated in a marftiy foil, on the
Ocker, feven miles s ky w of Brunf-
wick, and 30 w of Halberftadt. Lon.
10 4,1 K, lat. 5a 10 N.
U'olfendth; a fmall illand of Holland,
in Zealand, between N Bevcland and S
Beveland.
ffolfsberg, a town of Germany, in
Carinthia, with a caftle; feated on the
Lavant, at the foot of a mountain, 26
miles KNE of Clagenfurt.
IVolgatty a feaport of Hither Ponie-
ra.nia, wiih one of the b«;ft harbours on
the Baltic. Only the tower of its an-
dent caftle is now ft.inding. It is feat-
td on the Peene, or w channel of the
Oder, 54 miles nw of Stettin. Lon. 13
5; F, lit. 54 4 N.
JVclkemteitt, a town of Lower Saxo-
fiy. in the circle of Erzgcberg. with a
caltle on a rock, near the Zfchopa, 15
miles S8E of Chemnitz.
JVolkomy.'k, a town of Lithuania, in
the palatinate of Novogrodetk, feated
on the Ror., 23 miles sr of Grodno.
n'ollhi, a fortified town of Hither Po-
merania, capital of a fertile iHand of the
fame name, between the two eaftern
branches of the Oder. It is feated on
the Diwenow, u miles sw of Camin,
and ,:io N of Stettin. Lon. 14 40 e, lat.
53 50 N. , „
U'a/mirjffiJt, a town of Lower Saxo-
ny, in the duchy of Magdeburg, on the
riVcr Ohra, 10 miks n of Magdeburg.
WOO
Woloezoi, a town of Ruflia, in jdi|
government of Novogorod, 100 mue*
S£ of Novogorod. Lon. 34 ao e, lat.
57 ^° **•
tfolsingham, a town in the county of
Durham, with a market on Tuefd^y.
fltuate on the Wear, amid mines of lead
and coal, 16 miles w of Durham, and
?57 NNW of London.
JVolver/tamptofi, a town in Stafford-
(hire, with a market on Wednefday. It
bus a collegiat«^<ohurch, annexed to the
deaneB|^jof W^dfor, and a handfome
chapeu' The number of inhabitants in
1801 was 12,565. Here is a great iron
manufadlure, confifting of locks, hinges,
buckles, corkfcrews, and japanned ware.
It is feated on a hill, nearly cncoiqpair-
cd by canals, 16 miles s of Stafford, and
122 NW of London.
Ifolvey, a village in 'V^arwickfhire,
fiv«? miles se of Nuneatcm. Here Ed-
ward IV was fiirprifed and taken pri-
foner by Richard Nevil earl of Warwick.
Womeldorf, a town of Pennfylvania,
in Berks county, 68 miles nw of Phila-
delphia
}yoodbriJge., a town in Suffolk, with
a market on \^''ednefday, feated on the
E fide of a landy hill, on the river Dc-
ben, eight miles from the fea. It hfts
docks for building (hips, convenient
whaifs, and a great corn trade. It ir
feven miles ene of Ipfwicb, and ^7 mb
of London.
JFoodbridge, a town of New Jerfey,
in Middlefex .county, three miles N by
w of Aml)oy,and 70 ne of Philadelphia,
JVoodhury, a town of New Jerfey,
chief of Gloucefter county, iltuate near
the Delaware, nine miles s of Philadel-
phia.
Woodchester, a village in Gloucefter-
(hire, two mih^s s of Stroud. It has a
bro.id-cloth and a filk manufa«5lure. A
great telTellatcd pavement and other
fplendid Roman antiquities have been*
difcovered here.
JVoodSi Lnke ofthcy a lake of N Ame-
rica, 90 miles long, and 30 where broad-
eft, but very irregular in its fhape. It
lies between the Winnepep and Lake
Superior, chiefly in Upper Canada, hut
the .s part is in the territory of the
United States. The lands on its banks
are covered with oaks, pines, firs, &c.
ff'oodjtoci, a borDUgh in Oxfordfhire,
governed- by a mayor, \vith a market
on Tuefday. It is chiefly noted for
Blenheim houfe, built at the expenfe of
the nation for the duke of M.irlborough,
in memory of his fignalviftory over the
French and Bavarians, in 1704. In
Blenheim pnvk oiiginally ftood a royal
paluoe, the favourite retreat of feveral
woo
Ungs of England, till the reign of
fCharles i, when it was almoft wholly
4n ruins. After the buildin|; of Blen-
heim, every trace of the ancient edifice
was removed) and two elms ivere plant-
ed on its fite. King Ethelred held a
pai^iament at Wood ftock palace ; and
there Alfred the great tratiflated Bdetius
de Confolatione Philofophiae. Henry i
beautified the palace; and here reud-
«d Rofamond, miftrefs of Henry ii.
Edmund, fecond fon of Edward i, was
bom at this palace; alfp Fdward* eldeft
Ton of Edward iii ; and here tpe prin-
'' ceft Elifabeth was confined by ner fifter
I^xry. Woodftock has a manufatflure
of gloves* and of Aeel watch chains.
The poet Chaucer was bom, livedi and
died here. It is eight miles nw of Ox-
ford, and 6z wnw of London.
Wbodstoekt a town of Virginia, chief
of Sbenandoih county, on a branch of
Shenandoah river, 24 miles ssw of
Wincbefter, and 80 wnw of Alexandria.
* ffoodstown, a town of New lerfcy,
in Salem county, 12 miles k by e of
Salem, and 26 ssw of Philadelphia.
fFooUr, a town in Northumberland,
with a market on "^hurfday. In a plain
Aear this town the Scots were defeated
on Holvrood day 1402; and the battle
was fo bloody, that it gave the name of
IKedriggs to the place where it was
Ibugbt. Wooler is Feated on the river
TilU near the Cheviot hills, 14 miles s
of Berwick, and 3 1 7 n by w of London.
' Woolpitt a village in Suffolk, eight
miles £ by 3 of Bury St. Edmund, noted
for making white bricks.
Wooiwich, a town in Kent, with a
market on Friday. It is of great note
for being the moft ancient military and
naval anenal in England, and for its
royal dock-yard, where men of war have
been built as early as the reign of Henry
VIII. At the eaftern part of the town
is the royal arfenal, in which are vail
ioMgazines of great guns, mortars,
^mbs, balls, povvder, and other war-
like ftores; a foundery, with three fur-
naces^ for Culling ordnance ; and a la-
boratory, where fireworks and cartridges
are made, and bombs, carcafes, grena-
dos,^c. charged for the public fervice.
A little to the s of the arfenal are exten-
five artillery barracks, for the accom-
inodatjon of the officers and privates :
and a little further is a royal military
academy, where the mathematics are
taught and cadets inftrudted in the mili-
tary art. Woolwich is feated on the
Thames^ which is here fo deep that large
ihips may at all times ride with fafety.
The nQmoer of inhabitants in i8ot was
9926. It U eight miles £ of London .
W O R
WoreesttTf a town of MafTachufett,
capital of Worcefter county, and the
lareeft inland town in NeW England-
It has manufactures of pot and pearl-
afh, cotton and linen goods, and fcAne
other articles. It is fituate in a healthy
vale, 45 miles w by s of Bofton. Lon.
7i 55 w, lat. 42 20 N.
iVorcestert a city and the capital of
Worcetterlhire, and a bidiop's fee, with
a market on Wcdncfday, Friday, and
Saturday. It contains nine churches,
befide the cathedral, and two more
without the walls of the city ; alfo meet-
ing-houfes for various fcAaries as well
as Roman catholics. Edgar's Tower, a
ilrong portal, is part of its ancient caf-
tle ; here are alfo three grammar-fchools,
feven hofpitals, a public infirmary, and
a well contrived quay. It is governed
by a mayor, carries on a jonfid^rable
trade in carpets and gloves, and has a
large manufa^ure of elegant china-ware.
In 1 80 1 the number of inhabitants was
13,671. Here Cromwell, in 165 1, ob-
tained a vidlory over the Scotch army,
which had marched into England to
reinftate Charles 11, who, after this de-
■^at, efcaped with great difficulty into
France. Worcefter is feated on tha Se-
vern, 36 miles NNE of Briftol, and ;ii
WNW of London. Lon. 2 o w, lat-' 52
9 N.
Worcestershire, a county of England,
30 miles long and 2a broad ; bounded
on the N by Shropfbire ,nd Stafford-
fhire, E by Warwickfhire, SE and s by
Gloucefterfhire,and w byHerefordfhire.
It contains 43 1,360 acres: is divided into
five hundreds, and 152 parifhes; has
one city and 11 market-towns; and
fends nine members to parliament. The
number of inhabitants in 1801 was
i.)9>d33« "T^^^ f<'>>l ><i the vales and
meadows is very rich, particularly the
vale of Evefliam, which is flyled the
granary of thefe parts. The hills have
generally an eafy afcent, except the
Malvern hills in the sw part of the
county, and feed large flocks of (heep.
The other hills are the Licky, near
Bromfgrove, toward the n; and the
Bredon hills, toward the se. This
county had formerly two large forefts,
but the iron and falt-works have in a
manner deftroyed them. Hei-e is plen-
ty oi fruits of moft forts, efpecially
pears, which are in many places found
growing in the hedges. The chief
commodities are coal, corn, hops, cloth,
cheefc, cider, peiry, and fait. The
principal rivers are the Severn, Teme
or Tend, and Avon.
Woreum, a town of S Holland, feat-
ed on the 8 fide of the Meufe, juft be>
towl
.landl
milel
laflachufett,
tty, and the
rw England,
t and pearl-
s, and fotoie
in a healthy
tftqn. Lon*
le capital of
p's fee, with
Friday, and
le churches,
two more
' ; alfo meet-
aries as well
r's Tower, a
ancient caf-
(nar-fchoolsy
irmary, and
is governed
jonfldferable
, and has a
china-ware,
ibitants was
1 165 1, ob-
cotch army,
England to
iter this de-
fficulty into
d on tho Se-
ol, and ;ii
> w, lat.' sz
^f England,
; bounded
kd, feat-
liuft be>
W O R
tow the influx of the Waal, eight miles
WNW of Heufden.
Worcumy a town of Holland, in Frief-
.land, feated near the Zuider Zee,' 18
miles sw of Le warden.
Warden, a town of Lower Saxony, in
the duchy of Holftein, fituate on the
Elbe, 10 miles nw of Gluckftadt.
tforden, Grossen, a town of Loww
Saxony, in the duchy of Bremen, 10
miles NNw of Stade.
U^orJingborgt a fcaport of Denmark,
on the s cuafl: of the ifl^nd of Zealand,
from which there is a much frequented
pafTage to the iflands Falfter and La-
land. It is 46 miles ssw of Copenhagen.
Lon. 1 1 58 E> lat. 55 3 M.
Workington, a feaport in Cumber-
land, at the mouth of the Derwent, on
the coaft of. the Irifh fea. The river
admits vcflels of 400 tons burden, and
the harbour is commodious. This was
the landing-place of Mary queen of
Scots, when ihe was driven to take re«
fuge in England. In the neighbourhood
is a large iron foundeiy, fome falt-works,
and numerous collieries. The principal
manuf.i<ftures are canvas and cordage,
but the coal trade is its chief fupport. It
is eight miles w by s of Cockermouth,
and 302 NNW of London. Lon. 3 zy
w, lat. f4 31 K.
Worksop, atown in Nottinghamlhire,
with a market on Wednefday. Here
was on<y an abbey, the gate of which
remains; and alfo its church, with two
lofty towers at the w end. On the w
fide of the town is a circular hill, which
was the lite of a caftle. (jMiantities of
licorice are grown in its vicinity. Near
the town is the noble feat of the duke
of Norfolk; the ancient ftruAure of
which was deftroyed by fire in 1761 ;
and twc miles to the se is Clumber
Park, the feat of the duke of Newcaftle.
The canal from Chefterfield to the
Trent pafles near this town. It is as
miles NW of Newark, and 146 n by w
of London.
Worms, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Mont Tonnerre, lately an
imperial city of Germany, and the ca-
pital of a princely biihopric of the fame
name. It is famous for a diet held in
1521, at which Luther afllfted in perfun.
The cathedral is magnificent, and the
principal Lutheran church has a beauti-
ful altar, and fine paintings. In the
war of 1689, it was taken by the French,
who almoft reduced it to alhes. In 1743,
a treaty was concluded here between
Great Britain, Hungary, and Sardinia.
In 179a, Worms furrendcred to the
French, who were obliged to evacuate
>t the next year, after the lof» of hUnXz ;
WR I
but it wa9 again taken by them In ijrjf.
It is feated on the Rbme, a; miles «svr
of Mentz. Lon. 8 a8 e, lat. 49 36 n. -
Worslei/, a town in Lancafliire, fa-
mous for the immenfe Quantity of coal
in its vicinity, and for oeing the place
where the duke of Bridgewater iirft
commenced his canal navigation. It is
fcven miles wnw of Manchefter.
WoriteaJ, a town in Norfolk, with a
market on Saturday. This place it
noted for the Introduction of that Ibrt
of twitted yarn Called luorsud; and has
now 9 manufa^ure of ftockings and
ftuffs. I^ is 1 2 miles M of Norwich, and
jsi NE of London.
Worthingtonyi town of Maflfachufets,
in Hampfhire county, 19 miles w by x
of Northampton.
Wotton Basset, a borough in Wilt-
fliire, governed by a mayor, with a mar-
ket on Friday. It is a mean town, 30
miles NofSalilbury.and 88 wof London.
Wotton under Edge, a town in Glou-
cefterlhire, governed by a mayor, with
a market on Friday, and a manufadlure
of cloth. It is feated under a fertile
eminence, 20 miles ne of Briftol, and
109 WNW of London.
Wragby, a town in Lincolnfliire,
with a market on Thnrfday, 1 1 miles
ENE of Lincoln, and 143 n of London.
Wrath, Cape, a promontory of Scot-
land, in Sutherlandlhire, which is the
NW point of Great Britain. Againtt
its rugged and lofty clifFo the rapid tide
burfts with incredible fury. Lon. 4 47
w, lat. 58 34 N.
Wrek'm, a noted hill or mountain in
Shropfhire, eight miles ese of Shrewf-
bury. It was a famous ftation of the
Romans, and its height is reckoned
1200 feet.
Wrentham, a town of Maflachufets,
in Norfolk county, a; miles ssw of
Bodon.
Wrexham, a town of Wales, in Dcn-
bighlhiie, with a market on Mondajl
and Thnrfday. It is a great mart for
flannel, and a place of confiderabte traf-
fic. It has the language and appear-
ance of an Englifh town, and a large
church with a lofty iteeple. Near
Wrexham is a foundery for cannon and
other ar^'':le8; and the adjacent coun-
try affords plenty of lead. It is feated
on a river, which flows into the Dee,
13 miles w by s of Chefter, and 176 nw
of London. Lon. 3 10 w, lat. 53 a n.
Wriezcti, or Brietzen, a town of Bran-
denburg, in the Middle mark, fituate
on a lake formed by the inundations of
the Oder, 37 miles ENE of Berlin.
Wringion, a town in Somerfetfhire,
with a market oil Tucfday> Muck
W U R
trtlle is grown here, and fold to the
cloth manufafturers. It is the birthplace
of Mr. Lockf, and feated near the fource.
of the Yt'o, 10 miles sw of Briftol> and
laj w of Loudon.
iVrotianit^^ town in Kent, with a
imnvkft on Tuefchy. It has u large
cluii -li, in which are i6 ftalls; and the
didiivifops of Canterbury formerly had
a palace lure. It is 1 1 miles wnw of
Waitinoin', ,im! 24 sf. of London.
ll'roxitcr, :i villatiein Shropfhiro, five
miles SF. oi' Shrtwfbury. It is faid to
h.ivc bi'cn a city built by the Britons,
O'l tlic l:;iiikv of i!r- Scvxrn, o^"'!- which
.lit' the tr.Kcs of a bridge, »'ii>ci-nib!>; .it
low \v;ilt;r. Thi: circmr.f'i rciicc wa.s
tluTo niilfs, rnviroiicci by a thick wall
and a dti-p tuncli» which maybe traced
:ri (tvoial places.
IVitnTie/d'iTgy a town of Weflphalia,
in Ihc principality of P.nlerboni, which
rcctivcd its name from a viiftory qaiiied
by Charlcmaenc «>vir tlu' Saxons ui 974.
It is 14 milt:;. ,s of Paclt'vhorn.
Wunschflhuigy a town of SiltTia, in
the county of Glat/, with a ^rc nd trade
in yarn, m miles vv.nw of Giatz.
Ifiitisdurf, a toA II of Lower Saxony,
in the principality «>f Calcnhcrg, 10
miles wxw of Hanover.
WunsiakI, A town of Francwiia, in
the princrj>ality of Bayreiith. Near it
are mints of copper and iron, and (jnar-
rics. of marble. It i.s feated 011 the Rof-
flau, I i miles w of Lyra, and 34 e of
Bayrcuth.
Jf'urtfnhtir^- Sec li 'iricmburg.
iyiirt--.l>ur'^, a duchy of G«'rmany,
conipiehciidinj;: a j;re;it part of Tranco-
nia- It is 6^ n;i!(;s loiijr and 50 broad ;
boundrd on the v by Ilcnncbcrg, i: by
Biiin^iivc;, s by Anlp..ti.l), Ilohcnlobe,
.md Ml Tj^t'iiihcini, a\\\.\ w by Wi-rtheiin,
AicTit/, tini.1 l''u!(!.t. Tlu; toil is vrry
f' rtile, and proituces more corn and
wine than the ir.hnbitatU.s coiifuim^.
This tcrriH)ry was l.itoly a bifliopric,
and its f )ver('ign w;'.s one of the grc;ilc(t
ccck'liallic priiicvs of tiie empire; but
it was given us a principality to the
c!<'c'tor of Bav,H»ia, in iSc.; : and by the
f.roxty of PiHbiirg, in ilim;, it was ccd-
•'d to the Avcluluke rndiiiantl, whofe
cltxti)i;il titi»' w;:,- lrauhl"<'ircd from Salz-
burLj to this plave.
iruriziurt^, a fortified city of Tran-
conia, capital of a duchy of the fuue
name, with a magnificent p.ilace, a uni-
vcrlity, an arfenal, and a handfome hof-
pital. The fortr fs ftands on an emi-
nence, and com uinic.ites with the city
by a iUmc bridge; it Includes the late
f'pifcopnl palace, and a clmrc h, fnppof-
ed \o be tii'' oldeft iu rranconi*. Be-
WYE
fide the cathedral, there are fcveral coU
legiate and pariih churches, colIegc8«
abbies, and convents. Here is a cannon
and bell foundery ; alfo cloth and ftufl*
mannfadures eftabliflied in the houfe of
corredion. Wurtzhwrg was taken, in
1796, by the French, who were defeat-
ed here foon after, and the city retaken j
but they became mailers of it again in
1800. It is feated on the Maine, 40
miles wbw of Bamberg, and 65 ese of
Frankfort. Lon. 10 14 v, lat. 49 46 N.
Wurzacht a town of Suabia, in the
connty of Waldbnrg, with a caftle;
fitnate on the Aitrach» 17 miles n of
Wangen. and 28 --^by w of Ulm.
It'urztn, or fVurtzev, a town of Up-
per Saxony in Mifiiia, with a caftle> II
was formi rly a bidinp's fee; ^nd has a
cathcdr.il and two churches. Here are
fine bleaching grounds for linen ; but
the principal trade ia in beer, of which
pie.nt quantities are exported. It h
fitu»te on tKe Muldau, J15 miles e of
Leipjic, and 4.S wnw of Drefdtn.
Itusii-haiuoh a town of Branden-
burg, in the ^liddlc mark, fuatcd on
the Spree, 15 miles sse of Berlin.—
Another. feat«'d on the DofTe, 17 miles
KNr. oi; Havelherg, and 44 Mw of Berlin.
JVustrauy a town of Lower Saxony,
in the tiuchy of Lnneburg, feated on
the Diirnme, at its confluence with the
Jet70, 14 miles .s of Dunncberg.
if\ comb, or High Wt/comb, a Borougk
in Buckinphainfhire, governed by a
ntayor, with a markit on Friday. In 1 744
a Roman tedtlated p.avement was difco-
veiPil in an adjiiccnt meadow; and near
it arc many corn and' paper-milbs. It
is iVated on the Wyck, 12 miles sse of
Ayleibury, and (i wnw of London.
Jitjt, a town in Kent, whofe market
is now difnfed; feated on the Stonr, jo
miles ssw of Canterbury, and 55 se of
Londcm.
Wi/c, or ft*, a river of Holland, which
enters ihe Znider Zee, five miles E of
Andterdam, and forms the boundary
betvvttii N and S Holland. It is rather
an arm or bay of the Zuider Z«'e, and
videis go out of it into the bake of
llaciiem, by the little river Spar.
/'//«, a river of Wales, which iffiica
from Plynliminon hill, in the s part of
Montgoineryniire, very near the fource
ofthcSevrrn. It crofl'es the nk cor-
ner of Kadnorftiiie, giving name to tiie
town of Rhyadergowy [fall of the
Wye] where it is precipitated in a cata-
ract. Then flowing betwe»ni this coun-
ty and -Brecknockfhire, it enters Ht-re-
fordfliirc, pafling by Hay to Hereford,
a few miles below which it receives the
Lag; it t!i(;n flows by Rofs and Mun»
flnouthi
Monr
the Sel
is navil
forms 1
theSe\
ifyA
with a|
failure
churcl;
abbey,!
Ket, tlf
VI. Pi
queen
of Norl
mjr
rifes fn
by Ga^
below
X A T
mouth, and feparating the counticH of*
Monmouth and Oluuceftt^r, it enters
the Severn, below ChepJlow. This river
is narigable almuft to H:iy, and a caiiul
forma a communication between it and
the Severn, from Hereford to Gloucefter.
ifymondhamf a town in Norfolk,
with a market on Friday, and a maim-
fadlure of fmall wooden ware. The
church is the ealtern part of an ancient
abbey, and on itt> lofty fteeple was hung
Ket, the rebel, in the reign of Edward
VI. Here ia a freefchool founded by
■qiicen EHfiiheth. It is nine miles wsw
of Norwich, and loo nnk of London.
Wyre, a river in La.icafliire, which
rifes fix miles sk of Laiicafter, pifTfS
by Garftang, and enters the Irifli fea,
below Poultoii.
X.
Xahea, a feaport of Spain, in Valen-
cia, near the coaft of the Mediterranean,
44 miU's NK of Alicant. Lou. o 3 e,
lat. .:?8 48 N.
X(icca, or Saccoy a feaport of Sicily,
in Val di Mazara, ulth an old caflle.
Here are large granari;es for the recep-
tion of corn intended to l>e exported,
and manufaiftiircs of bcautifiji va^l's. It
iti featcd on the-s coalt, at tht fuol of
a mountain, 20 miles sk of Mazara, and
41 ssw of Palermo. Lon. 13 a k, lat.
.77 41 N*
Xasi^ita, a feaport on the s coaft of
ihc ifland of CulwP,reati'don a bay which
i;i five leagueu in circumference, and i'lir-
ri)inidtd by mountains. It is one of thi.'
fiiieft ports in the W Indies, and 84
miles SK of Ilavaiiiia. Lon. 80 45 w,
lat. zz 10 N.
Xdlal-a^ a town of New Spain, in the
province of Tlalcala, and a biihop's ("(t.
This town is faid to give name to the
purgative root railed jal ip, or x ilap. It
is 60 miifs K of Angelos. Lon. 98 so
w, !;'t. 19 ,^; N'.
Xalhco, a tonn of jNlcxico, which
gives nanu- toaproviiu-c, in tlu' aiuliitn-e
of Gnadilajara. It is 14 miles nw of
Compoik'lU, the capital of the pro-
vii'ce.
Xntivd, or St. Philip, a town of Spain,
in Valencia. Having taken the pait of
Chailes rii, in 1707, Philip v o.'dered
it to be demoliflied an»l a new town to
be built called St. Philip. It is feated
on the fide of a hill, at the foot of
which runs the Xucar, 31 miles sw of
Valencia, and 50 nw of Alicant. Lun.
<» i^ w, lat- 39 4 N.
nix
Xaviert or Sabif the capital of the
kingdom of Whidah» in Guinea. It It
populou!), and a great m.irket is held
every Wednefday anul Saturday, at the
diftance of a mile from the town. The
market place is furrounded by futtlers*
booths, which are only permitted to
fell certain Ibrts of meat, a,<; beef, pork,
and the flclh of goats and dogs. Here
flaves (if both fexf s are fold, as wi'll at
oxen, flieep, dogs, hogs, fiih and birds;
alio the various commodities of Whi-
dah raanufadlurc, and every thing of
European, Afiatic, or African produc-
tion. X.avier is feated near the river Eu-
phrates, about fcven miles from the fe.i,
Lon. a 30 K, lat. 6 40 n.
Xavier, a tov^•n of Spain, in Navrrre,
noted as the hi. thplace yf the celebrated
Romiilj faint and miluonny of that
4ianie. It is 35 miles sk of Pamplona.
Xavier, .5/. a town of, Paraguay, ii»
tht province of La Plata, aoo miles w
of Rio Janeiro. Lon. ^o 6 w, lat. 24 o s-
Xauxa^ a town of Peru, notid for its
filver mines ; feated in a fertile count: }',
on a riv»r of the fame name, 100 mile*
E of Lima.
Xaiil, a river of Spain, which rifes in
the E part of Grana<la, and flows by
Gianada, Loxa,and Ecija, iutothe Qua-
dalqniver.
Xi-rcs, a town of Mexico, in the pro-
vince of Nicarajiua, feated on a river
th.at flows int ) For.fcca bay, 70 milct
NW of Leon. Lon 87 56 w, lat. 13 24 n.
Xeres df los (\ilui]/cros, a town of
Spain, in Eftremadura, feated near the
Artiila, 38 miles -^ of Badajoz.
Xeres tic la Frnntera, a townof Sp.ain,
in Andaliili i, famous tor that excellent
wine corruptly called Sherry. It it
ftated on a rivulet, which foon joins the
Guadaleta, 15 miles ne of Cadiz, and
38 ssw of Seville.
Xeres tie la Front cm, a town of Mex-
ico, in the s part (f the province of
Zacatecas, 80 milts n by e of Guad<f<«
lajara. Lon. 103 ,,5 w, lat. aa aa n.
Xeres de Gueidhina, a town nf Spain,
in Andalulia, feated on the Ouadiana,
al5 miles n by e of Ayamonte.
Xcrumenha, a town of Portugal, in
Alentejo, 18 miles sw of Badajo/, and
36 E of Evora.
• Xicoio, an ifland of Japan, between
Niplon and Ximo, a^o miles in circum>
ferimce.
Ximo, an ifland of Japan, the fecond
111 Iv/.c and eininence, litiiate to the sw
of Niphon, from which it is divided by
a niiTow channel. It is 450 miles in
circu Jiference.
Xixona, a town of Spain, in Valen-
cia, feated amou); mountains, in A <;oui|>
\\
Y AR
tpf that produces excellent winct and
the TaluADle dru^ called Kermes. It is
15 miles N of Ahcant.
Xuear* a river of Spain, which rifes
in the nb part of New Caftilc, palfes
by Cuenza. and entering the province
or Valencia, runs into the gulf of Va-
lencia, at the town of Culiera.
XuJito/frod, a town of Turkifh Croa-
tia, If miles N of Sebcnico, and 37 e of
Kzara.
Y.
faehtaf a fort of Rnffia, in the go-
▼ernmcnt of Irkut(k, on the borders of
Chinefe Tartar y, 48 miles ssw of Sc-
lenginfk.
Tadkin. Sec Ptdee.
Talk. See Ural.
Taitsk. See Urahk.
■ Taktutk, or Jakutsioi, a town of Sibe-
ria, in thegovernmentof Irkutik, capital
of a province of the fame name, with a
wooden fort. It is feated on the Lena,
960 miles vv, of Irkutfk. Lon. 129 48
E, lat. 62 2 N.
Talct the capital of a province of the
fame name, in the illand of Ceylon, 56
miles SE of Candy.
Tamburg, a town of Ruflia, in the
government of Peterfturg, fituate on
the Luga, 40 miles k of Narva.
Tamina, a towii of Negroland, in
Bambara, near the river Niger, 66 miles
sw of Sego.
Tang-tcheou, a city of China, of the
firft rank, in the province of Kiang-nan-
Its diftria is interfered by a number of
canals ; and it carries on a great trade,
particularly in fait, which is made on
the feacoaft of this jurifdidion. It
Aands on the left bank of the Kian-ku,
where the imperial canal croffes that
riTcr, 485 miles s by k of Peking.
Lon. 1 18 54 E, lat. 3 a a6 N.
Tao-gan, a city of China, of the firft
rank, in the province of Yun-nan. Its
territory is intermixed with mountains,
fine forefts, and fruitful vallies, and
produces abundance of mulk- Near
|the city is a fait fpring, which produces
very white fait. It is 100 miles w by n
pf Yun-nan. Lon. 100 45 e, lat. 25 12 n.
Tao-Uheut a city of China, of the firft
lai^k, in Kiang-fi, on the w fide of the
lake Poyang, 700 miles 3 of Peking.
Jjon. 1 16 40 e, lat. 29 8 n.
Tare, a river in Norfolk, formed by
the confluence of feveral ftreams that
rife ill the heart of the country. It
paflcs by Norwich, whence it is navi-
gable to Yarmoutbj where it enters the
German ocean.
Y A Y
TarJartf or Irke»t a town of Tartary,
in the country of Cafhgur, with a large
palace where the khun of the Eluth
Tartars generally rcfides. It has a con-
fiderable trade, and ftands in a fertile
country, on a river of the fame name,
100 miles SR of Cafhgur. Lon. 79 4 e,
lat. 38 40 K.
Tarm, a town in N Yorklhire, with
a market on Thurfday, and a great trade
in corn and lead. It is feated on the
Tecs, 17 miles n by e of Northallerton,
and C39 N by w of London.
Tarmoutht a feaport and borough in
Norfolk, governed by a mayor, with a
market on Wednefday and Saturday^
It is feated at the mouth of the Yare,
and enjoys the export and import trade
of various places in Norfolk and Suffolk.
The harbour is convenient for bufinefs*
the veifels lying in the river, along a
very cxtenfive quay. Its foreign trade
is confiderable, and it alfo fends ihips
to the Greenland fifhery. A great
number of herrings are cured here,
and, under the nme of red herrings,
are either cohfumed at home, or export-
ed te fouthern countries. Yarmouth
is much frequent<;d for fea-bathing, and
has two churches. The market-place is
very fpacious; but the ftrcets, in ge-
neral, are very narrow. In 1801 the
numberofinhabitants was 14,485. Off
the mouth of the harbour is a bar,
which prevents the entry of fliips of
large burden ; and the many fandbanks
off the coaft form the Yarmouth Roads,
fo noted for frequent fhipwrecks. Yar-
mouth is 23 miles £ of Norwich, and
124 NE of London. J^n. i 45 e, lat.
52 38 N.
Tarmouthy a borough in Hampfhire,
on the N w coaft of the ifle of Wight,
with a fortified caftle, and a convenient
quay. It is feated at the mouth of the
Yar, 10 miles w of Newport.
Tarmouth, a feaport of MaiTachufets,
in Barnftable county, on the n fide of
the pcninfula of Cape Cod, five miles
NNw of Barnftable. Lon. 70 tz w, lat.
4I52N-
Tarmouth, North, a town of the di-
ftridt of Maine, in Cumberland county,
on a fmail river that falls into Cafco
bay, 14 miles n of Portland.
Taruaui, a village of Peru, near a
plain of the fame name, 12 miles ne of
Quito. This plain was chofen for the
bafe of the operations for meafuring an
arch of the meridian, by UUoa and the
French mathematicians.
Taynan-gbeoum, a town of Birmah,
celvbrated for the oil wells in its neigh-
bourhood, which fupply the whole em-
pire, and many parts of lodiaj wi^\
pctro|
ploye
Oil.
waddl
YeX
Tea
of Lii
brand!
water!
Fifco.l
Tel\
the n]
so mil
feverall
land \i
ofTartarjr,
vith a large
the Eluth
: has a con-
in a fertile
ame name,
on. 79 4 E»
(hire, with
great trade
itetl on the
tthallertoni
borough in
^or, with a
[ Saturday^
' the Yare,
nport trade
ind Suffolk,
or bufinefsy
:r, along a
reign trade
fends ihips
A great
ured here,
d herrings,
, or export*
Yarmouth
ithing, and
kct-place is
ets, in ge-
1 i8oi the
4.485 • Off
' is a bar,
}f Ihips of
fandbanks
nth Roads,
^cks. Yar-
wich, and
45 E» lat.
impihire,
>f Wijjht.
Convenient
ith of the
rachufets.
In fide of
ive miles
I12 w, lat.
if the di.
county,
kto Cafco
ji, near a
lies NE of
for the
Ifuring an
and the
I Birmah,
^ neigh-
lole cm-
|lai wit^
Y E M
pctrolium. The Inhabitants are em-
ployed in niaking jars to cOntdiln the
oil. It (lands on a creek of the Irra-
waddy, a8 miles s by e of Slllah-mu<v.
Te. See H^e.
Tea, a town of Peru, in the audience
of Lima, with a trade in glafs, wine,
brandy, &c. It is featcd in a valley,
watered by a river, 50 miles ese of
Pifco, and 170 ssE of Lima.
Yell, one of the Shetland iflands, to
the N of that called Mainland. It is
30 miles long and eight broad, and has
feveral good harbours. The only arable
land i: on the coaft, the interior afford-
ing coarfe pafturage for Iheep.
fallow Jiiver. See Hoan'ho.
Tellow Sea, or Leao-tong, a gulf of
China, between the provinces of Pe-
tcheli and Chang-tong on the w, and
thcpeninftila of Corea on the e.
Temeitt a province of Arabia Felix,
comprehending the fined and molt fer.
tile part of Arabia, and lying on the coaft
of the Redfea and Indian ocean. Mil-
let is the grain chiefl]^ cultivated ; but
the principal objedt of cultivation is cof-
fee, which is all carried to Beit el Faki.
Nearly the whole commerce of the
country is carried on by Mocha, but
Sana is the capital.
Tenikul, an important fortrefs of the
Crimea, eight miles e of Kertch. See
Kertch.
Ten'uei, or Jen'tsat a large river of Si-
beira, which runs from s to n, and en-
ters the frozen ocean, to the £ of the
bay of Oby.
Teniseisk, or Jeniskoi, a town of Si*
beria, in the proi^ince of Tomflc, on the.
river Yenifei, 310 miles ene of Tomflc.
Lon. 9* 35 E, lat. 58 6 «.
Tennct a town of Savoy, near the
Rhone, 13 milfs NW of Chambery.
Ten-ngoK, a ci'y of China, of the fiift
rank, in «;hen-fi, on the river Yen, 390
miles 'jW of Pekin,;. Lon. 108 jo e, lat.
^6 44»'-
Tenping, a city of China, of the fiifl:
•pcti\i, in Fokien ; ftated on the brow of
;i mountain, by the river Minho, 820
miles 3 of Peking. Ltn. 116 54 t, lat.
,»6 40 N .
Ten-tcheou, a city of China, or the firft
rank, in Chang-tong. Itsdiftrld, which
is inclofed between two confiderable
rivers, is well cultivated, and the moun-
tains covered with woods. It is ajo
miles s of Peking. Lon. 1 16 36 e, lat.
35 44 N.
Ten-tthftt, a city of China, of the firft
rank, in Tche-kiang. In the neighbour-
hood are mines of copper, and trees
that yield an excellent varniih, which,
ttrben ooce dry, never melts again, and
. y o R
will bear boiliitfl; water. The paper
made here is in high efteetn. It it 6fo
miles SSE of Peking. Loin. 119 14 b,
lat. 29 38 N.
Ten-tching, a iowri of China, in Chan-
tong, where a kind of glafs is madCy fi»
delicate, that it will not endure the in-
clemencies of the air. It is 45 miles st
of 'I'fi-nan.
teovilt a corporate town in Somer-
fctlhirc, with a market on Friday. Here
is a manufacture uf cloth, but the prin-
cipal one is of leather gloves ; and the
trade in hemp and flax is confiderable.
It is feated on the Yeo or Ivil, 30 miiei
8 of Wells, and 122 w by s of London.
Ttjd, a town of Perfia, in Irac AgemI,
on the road from Kerman to Ifpahan.
It has a filk manufadtu'-^ ^ and here are
made the fineft porcelain and carpets.
It is 200 miles ese of Ifpahan. Lon.
56 50 E, lat. 31 o N. ■ ,
370, a feaport of Peru, in the province
of Los Charcos, 70 miles nkw of Arica.
Lon. 71 13 w, lat. 17363.
Tankers, a town of New York, in
Weft Chefter county, on the river
Hiidfon, 17 miles NNE of New York.
Tonne, a department of France, con«
taining part of the late province of Bur-
gundy- ^ It is fo called from a uvera
which fifes in the department of NieviiCt
flows by Chateau-Chinon, CUmeci,
Auxerre, Joigny, and Sens, and joinis
tJie Seine, at Moni^^reau. Auxerre Vk
the capital.
Tork, a city, the capital of Yorklhire,
and an archbifiiop's fee, with a market
on Tnefday, Thurfuay, and Saturday.
It is the Eborncum of the Roraans*
and many of their coffins, urns, coins*
&c. have been found here. It hat al-
ways been cunfidered as the capital of
the North, and, in point of rank, as tbci
fecond city in the kingdom ; and al-
though it is now furp.nfled in wealth
and populoufncfs by many of the more
modern trading towns, it ftill fupports
a confiderable degree of confequence,
And is the refidence of many genteel
families. In 1801 the number of in-
habitants was 16,145. The cathedral
of St. Peter, generally called theMirifteTf
is reckoned the largeft and moft ma^
nificcnt Gothic ftrudlure in the u|U-
verfe : the e window is faid hardly to
have its equal for tracery, painting, and
prefervatiou, and was the wurkuf Joha
Thornton, a gUizier, of Coventry, ia
1405. Befide the cathedral, York cca-
taius but 1 7 churches in ufe ; though*
in the reign of Henry v there were 44
parifii-churches, 17 chapels, and nine
religious boufes. It is divided by the
Oufe into two parts, which are uniteif
I
Y O R
hf a (lone bridge of five arches, tfie
centre one 8i feet wide ) and the river
it navigable tn thin city for velTel!* uf ;o
tuns burden, althuugh it is 60 mileii
^rom the fea. Yurie is AirrouiuVed by
walls, through which are eatrunces by
four gates and fivi* pt)ftern8> It has a
caftle, which wai* formerly a placu of
great (Irength, but in now a county
prifon for dehtors and felons. Nifar it,
on an artificial nnount,^ is Clift'urd's
Tovixfi a round Ihell, laid by Ibme to
have been ralfcd by William the con-
queror, but others deem it a Roman
work. It was ufed as a g.irrifon in the
civil wars, and till the year 1683, when
the magnxiue blowing up, reduced it to
its prefenl form. Without Bootham
bar flood the magnificent abbey of St.
Mary, Tome ruiu» of vvhicli remain, and
on f ne file of part of it is the munur or
royal palace. built by Henry v 1 1 1, where
feveral of ii.e kin];^ have ludi;ed, though
it is now negleded. York is a county
of '♦'tlf, governed by a loril-mayor ;
the prehx of lord being given by Rich-
ard 1 1 ; und its county includes Ainfty
Liberty, in which are j5 vilUiges and
hamlets. The guild hall, built in 1446,
Is a grand ftrudare fupportcd by two
rows of oak pillars, each pillar, a Tingle
tree. The corporation built :i inanflon-
boufe, in 1728, for the lord-mayor,
and amony the other modern huiUtings
are a noble aflcmbly-houfe, jleligned by
the earl of Burlington; an elegant court-
houfe, on the right of the caille; a
theatre- royal, a county hofpitnl, and an
afylum for lunatics. York is 190 miles
<!>K of Edinbmg, and jpi; n by w of
London. Lon. 1 ^ w, lat. Si 59 n-
Tori, a city ot Upper Canada, and
the feat of government of that province.
It is fituate on the nw fide of Lake
Ontario, with an excellent harbour,
formed by a long peninftila, which
«mbrHCes a bafin of water fnfficiently
large to contain a confidcrable flett.
On the ejitrcmity of the peninfula,
called Gibraltar Point, arc ftores and
blockhonfc8, which command the en-
trance of the harbour ; .I'nd t>M the
inaiilland, oppolite this point, is the
^arrifon. The govtrrment lioufe is
about two miles above the garrifon,
near the head of the harbour, on a fpot
well fuited for gardens a'.d a jpark.
The front of the city, as now Mid out,
is a mile and a half in length : feveral
handCome fquares are projctHird, par-
ifiularly one open to the harbour; and
the buildings arc Increafing rapidly.
The river Don enters the harbnur a
little above the town, running through
« m.ulh, which, when di>uned, will
YO R
afford excellent meadows. York is 45
miles MMW of Fort Niagara, and 140
w by s of Kingftuo. Lon. 79 36 w,
lat 4.4 35 N.
Tori, a town of Pennfylvania, ca-
pital of a county of the fame name- It
nas fix edifices for public woHhip, and
ilands on the Cixtorus creek, which
flowb into the Sufquchauna, 88 miles
w of Philadelphia. Lon. 76 4H w, lat.
39 .SS N*
Tori, a fcaport of thr diftritJl of
Maine, capital oft; county of the fame
name. The river of its name enti-rs
York harbour below the town. It is
75 milr:> NNK of Boftou. Lon. 70 55
w, lat 43 7 N- *
Tori, Neiii, one of the United States
of America. 3^0 miles in length, and
300 in brcadtii ; bounded on the N by
Low«>r Canada, e by Vermont, MafT.i-
chufctK, and Connedlicut, s by the At-
lantic ocean and New Jerfey, and w by
Pennfylvania, Lake Ontario, and Upper
Canada. It is divided into ai counties;
namely, New York, Richmond, Suffolk,
Well Chefter, Queens, Kings, Orange,
Ulfter, Duchefs, Columbia, RebflTclaer,
Waihington, Clinton, Saratoga, Albany,
Montgonieiy, Hcrkemer, Ohaudago,
Otfego, Ontario, and Tioga. New
York, in general, is interfered by ridges
of mountains running in a ne and sw
diredion. Mcyond the Allegany moun-
tains, however, the country is quite
level, of a fine rich foil, covered In its
natural Hate with various kinds of trees.
Eait of thefe mountains it is broken into
Ulls and valleys : the hills are thickly
aothed with timber, and when cleared,
afford fine pallure;'and the valleys
produce wheat, hemp, llax, peas, grai's,
oats, and mai/e. Of the commodities
produced from culture, wheat is the
Itaple, of which immcnfe quantities arc
raifed and exporteii. The beft lands
in this province, along Moiiawk river
and w (rf the Allegany mnnntains, a
few years ago were in a ftate of nature^
but are now rapidly fettling. This
ftate abounds with feveral fine lakes;
and the cliief rivers arc the Iludfon and
Mthawk.
Tori, A>i:i', a city of the United
States, capital of the Rate of it* name.
It is fituate on the ^w point ofan illand,
at the conlluence of Iluillon and Eaft
rivers, and is five .niilea in circumfe-
rence. Surroun;icd on all fides by
vvat»'|;iJt is refreflied br cool breezes in
fumnier, and the air in winter is more
temperate than in >jl!ier pIacel^ under
the fame parallel. York Illand is ij
miles in lei;glh, but hardly one n
breadth ; and iy joined to the mainlan d
York is 4.<
tt and 140
. 79 36 w,
rlvania» en*
c name- It
Drihip, and
eck, which
a, 88 miles
> 4H w, Ut.
diftriiJl of
of the fame
amt> entiTD
i>wn. It is
Lull. 70 55
nited States
li'iii;th, and
»n tht' N by
out, MafCi-
i by the At-
y, and w by
I and Uppor
»i counties;
ind, Suffolk)
gs, Orange,
, RetJflclaer,
>ga, Albany,
Ohanilago*
iogn. New
ed by ridges
NE and sw
irany moun-
ry is quite
>vered in its
ids uf trees.
bi°ok*;n into
are thickly
len cleared,
the valleys
pens, grals,
)minoditie»
e;it ia the
mtitic's are
bcil lands
lawk river
iintains, a
of natiue,
ng. This
ine lakes;
udfon and
|ie United
!t« name.
It' an illand,
li and £alt
Icircumfe-
fidcs by
lliretzes in
\f is more
tes under
and is I J
one n
nainlan d
Y OR
by a bridge called Kings Bridge There
IB no baun or bay fur the reception of
ihlps ; but the road where they liei in
Lilt riv«,r, is defended from the violence
oi' th« fca by fome idands which in-
teilock with each othi-r. The number
of inhabitaptH in i8oa was eflimated
at jo,ooo- Here arc 12 editices fur
public worfhip, and a noble feminary
of education, oalled Columbia College ;
but the mod magnificent edifice is
Federal Hull, in the front of which h
a gallery 1 z feet deep, where the illuf-
trious Wafhinfrton took his oath of
office, at the commencement of the
federal conftituiion, in 1789. An aca-
demy of the fine arts, and a botanical
garden, were eflabliihed here in 1804.
This city, in time of peace, hMR more'
commercial bufuicfs than any town in
the United States ; but in time of war
it is ihfecure, without a marine force.
New York is 97 miles nk of Phila-
delp))ia. Lon. 74 11 w, lat> 40 40 "•
rori Fort, a fettlement of the Hud-
fon Bay Company, on the w fide of
Hudfon bay, at the mouth of NeUon or
York river. Lon. 88 44 w, lat. 57
»5 N.
TorJk River, a river of Virginiii, form-
ed by the conHux of thu Pamunky and
Maitapony, 30 miles above York Town,
below which place it enters Chei'apeak
bay.
fori Tdivn, a feaport of Virginia, ca-
pital of York county. It has the bell
harbour in the ftate for veffcls of the
largefl fixe. Here, in 1781, lord Corn
wallis and bis army wore captured
the combined force of the Unit
States and France. It isjcatcd
York river, near its entrance into Chefa-
pelik bay, 13 miles e of Williamfburg.
Lon. '76 52 w, lat. 37 18 n,
Torkihire, the largtfl county of Kng-
larid, bounded on the n by Weftmor-
land and the birtiopric of Durham, E
by \\iv. German ocean, s by Lincohj-
fliirc, Nottinghamlhire, and Derbyfhire,
sw by Cheihire, w by Lancafhire, and
NW by Weftmorland. It extends 90
miles from n to s, and 115 from e to
w, and contains ;^,698,.?37 acres. From
it* great t.xtent it has been divided into
three ridings, called the North, E;ilV,
and Weft; and is fubdivided into id
wapentakes, and 563 p.iriflies ; h.is one
city and 60 market-towns, and fends
■Ao members to parliament. The num-
ber of inhabitants in 1 801 was 858,89s.
The air and toil of thisextenfivc county
v.iry extremely. The k riding is Icfii
healthy than the others ; but this in-
convenience decreafes in proportion as
the county recedes from the fei.. On
n- \,i
otP<)
Y P H
the hilly parti of this riding* efp^ciaUf
in what is called the York Wolds» the
foil is generally barren, dry and fimdy }
but gre.'it numbers of lean fhcep are
fold hence, and fent Into other parts to
be fattened. The w riding, which U
much the lurgcft, enjoys a fliarp but
healthy air, and the land on the we(\era
ftde is hilly, Itony, and not very fruit-
ful ; but tiie intcnnediate valleys con^
flft of much good arable ground, and
paflure for the largeft cattle, ft alfu
iiroduces iron, coal, lime , jet, alum,
lorfes, and goats. Here the clothing
manufactures principally flourifh. The
N riding, in general, exceeds the other
two in the falubrity of the air. The
worft partii breed lean cattle ; but, oa
the fides of the hills, in the valleys and
plains, it produces good corn, and rich
S allure's for large cattle. Kichinond-
lire, on the nw of this riding, was
formerly a county of itfelf j here many
lead mines <ire worked to great ad-
vantage. In Yorkfhire likewife are the
dillridls of Holdcrnefs, on the borders
of the Humber ; Cleveland, on the con-
fines of Durham ; and Craven, on the
borders of Weftmorland and Lancafhire.
In this lafl diftrid are three of the high-
efl hills in England, named Wbernfidey
Ingleborough, and Pcnnygant, which
form a Ibrt of triangle from their tops,
at the diflaiices of about five. Ox, and
eight miles, while their monftrout
bafes nearly unite. The principal
rivers are the Oufe, Don, Derwent,
Calder, Aire, Warf, Nidd, Ure, and
Hull, and they all tjrminate in the
Humber, which enters the German
cean, between Yorkfhire and Lin-
coln (hire.
Yo'tchenu, a city of China, of the firll
rank, in llou-qiiang. It is feated on the
river Kian-ku, and on the lake Tong-
ting, which islniorv' than 70 leagues in
circuit. The great number of barki
aud merchandile that are brought hi-
ther, render it one of the richeft cities
of the empire ; and the tountry round
is tiill of different kinds of orange
and lemon trees, it is 700 miles s by w
of Peking. Loti. 1 1» 35 K, lat. 29 23 N,
Touqlialy a borough and feaport- of
Ireland, in the county of Cork. It is
furrounded by walls, and haii a cQifOf
modious liavhour, with a well-defended
quay. It hns a manufaflure of earthen
-ware, and is feated on the fide of a hill,
on a bay of its name, a8 miles b by x
of Cork. Lon. 8 10 w, lat. 51 49 N. '
TpreSi a fortified city of the Nether-
lands, in Flanders, and a bifliop's fee. It
has conlidenible manufadlures of cloth
and ferges, which are the principal ar-
1
Y U E
tfcTn 6f trade ; and the cMal of do>
flrgeiw antf the N«;w Cut, greatly ex-
])edite'the conveyance of goods to Nieu-
port, CItend, and Bruges. It was one
of the banter towns belonging to the
J)utch, till 178 1 » when ennperur Jofeph
It obliged them to withdrawtheir garri-
ton. It has been often tsk<'<^ and retaken ;
the laft time by the French in 1794. It
is feated on the Yperlce, 15 miles w of
Courtray. Lon. 2 48 k> i.'*t- jo 5 : n.
TneXf St. a town of Fi4nct>, in the
department of Upper Vienne, on the
yiver lUe, jo miles s by w of Limoges.
Ttendykt a ftrong town of the Nother-
hnds, in the ifle of Calfandj featnd on
a branch of the river Scheldt* called
Blie, eight milea e of Sluys, and 18 nw
•f rthent.
Ys:«ft or Isse!, a river of Holland,
Which branches off from the Rhine, be-
low Hut Ten, and flowing by DoeJiburg,
Zutphen, Deventer, and Campen, en-
ters the Zuider Zee by two channels.
Tael, or Little Isjel, a river of Ho!-
la&d, which flows by YlTeiftein, Mont-
ford, Oudewater, and Gouda, and en-
ters the Merwe, above Rotterdam.
tl'elt or Old lisel, a r'ver which
n(e^ in Weftphaiia, in the <luchy of
Cleve, flows by Yflelburg into the coun-
ty of Zutphen, and enters the YlTel, at
Poefburg.
Tstelburgt a town of Weftphalia, in
the duchy of Cleve, on the river Yflel,
>4 miles n of Wtiel.
Tsselmonu, an id and of S Holland,
fituate between the Merwe on the n,
and another branch of the Meufe on the
s. It has a town of the fame name,
dearly three miles w of Rotterdam.
Tsse/stein, a town of S Holland, with
a caftle, on the river YiTel, five miles
ssw of Utrecht.
Tstadtt or Tdsted, a town of Sweden,
in the province of Sch«nen, on a bay of
the Baltic, oppoHte Stralfund, 26 miles
SB of Lund. Lon. i;, 44 e, lat. 55 22 n'.
Ttharit a rive of Scotland, in Aber-
deenfliire, which croflea the county in
a SE direAion, and enter; the German
ocean, at the village of Newburg, 15
mifec NNE of Aberdeen.
Tucatan. See Jucatan>
Tuen-Jtiaiftgt a city of China, of the
SMt rank, in the province bf Yun-nan,
on the river Ho«ti, 145 miles ssw of
Yun-nan. Lon. loi 44 e, lat- 33 57 n.
Tuen-tcbeoUi a city of China, of the
iitft rank, in Kiang-fi, 750 miles s of Pe-
king. Lon. 113 58 £, lat. 27 50 n.
Tuen-yangy a city of China, of the
firft rank, in Hou-quang, on the river
Han, 515 miles ssw of Peking. Lon.
]«b3o %i lat. 32 50 N.
Y U IM
YtHrdun^ a ftrong town f)f SwUfif"-
land, in the Pays de Vaud, capital of a
baiUwic of the fame name, with a caf-
tle, a college, pnd an hofpital. Near
the town is r> fuiphurous fpnng, with a
commodious batbing-houfe. Thr prin-
cipal trade is in wine, and merchandife
paiTuig between Germany, Italy, and
France- It \iiA fome remains of Roman
antiquities, and fcands on the lake of
Neuchatel, at the influx of the Orbe
and Thiele, 38 milec wsw of Bern.
Lcn. 6 59 E, lat. 46 44 n.
Y'uttot, a town of France, . the de-
partment of Lower Seine, feven miles
NNW of Caudebcc.
Tumoy or Long Island^ one of the
Bahama iflands, in the W Indies, lying
to the K of the e end of Cuba, and its
N part under the tropic of Cancer. It
is 70 miles in length, and 10 in breadth.
Tumetost a clufter of fmall iilands,
among the Bahama illands, lying to the
sw of Yuma.
Tung-ningt a city of China, of the
iirft rank, at the m extremity of the
Province of Yun-nan, on the borders of
'ihct, 230 miles nnw of Yun-nan.
Lot'- 100 24 R, lat. 27 50 N.
Yun^-pct a city of China, of the firft
rank, ni the province of Yun>nan, 170
miles Mw of Yun-nan. Lon. 100 34 e,
lat- 26 44 K.
Yung-ping, a city of China, of the
firft rank, in Pe-tcheli, on a river that
enters the gulf of Leao-tong. Near it
Itands the fort Chun-liai, whjch is the
key of the province of Leao-tong. This
Jpit is near the beginning of the great
'fwall, which is built, for a league to-
gether, in a boggy marfh, from the
bulwark to the fea. Yung-ping is 115
miles E of Pieking. Lon. 108 34 <^, lat.
39 55 N.
Yung-tchangi a city of China, of the
fird rank, in the province of Yun-nan.
It ftands amid high mountains, on the
borders of the province, in the neigh-
bourhood of a favage people, whofe
manners the inhabitants of i^ihis country
partake of. The country produces gold,
honey, wax, amber, and a vaft quantity
of fine filk. It is 2 lo miles w of Yun-
nan. Lon. 99 2 E, lat. 25 5 N.
Yung'tchfou, a city of China, of the
firft rank, in Hou-quang, 885 miles ssw
of Peking. Lon. in 15 e, lat. 26 10 u,
Yun-hingy a city of China, of the firft
rank, in the province of Ho-nan, 430
miles s of Peking. Loti- 113 52 e, lat.
33 o N. K
Yun-nant a provinc . of China, at the
sw extremity, 300 r Mes long ami 250
broad ; bounded on tt n by Tibet za^
Se-tcheuen) e by Koei-tcheou and
)f SwWet--
ipital of a
vith a caf-
tal. Near
ing. with a
The prin-
lerchandife
Italy, and
I of Roman
he lake of
the Orbe
' of Bern.
, in the de-
'evcn miles
one of the
dies, lying
ba, and its
dancer. It
in breadth,
all iHandii,
lying to the
ina, of the
lity of the
J borders of
• Yunnan.
, of the firft
iin.nan, 170
n. 100 34 2,
,na, of the
1 river that
g. Near it
ijch is the
•tong. Thi»
' the great
league to-
from the
[ping is 115
8 34 E, lat.
|na, of the
YuB-nan.
Ins, on the
|the neigh-
)le, whofe
lis country
luces gold,
Ift quantity
Iw of Yun-
Ina. of the
1 miles ssw
f. 26 10 If.
)f the firft
-nan. 430
52 E, lat.
pa, at the
ami 350
Tibet an4
leou and
Z A A
Quang-fi, s by the kingdoms of Ton.
quiu and Laor, and w by thole of Pegu
and Birniah. Its gold, copper, apd tm
mints; its amber, riibtPK, fapphires,
agatL'8, pearls, marble, mufk, filk, t'c-
pliauts, hurlVs, gumo, medicinal plants,
and linen, have procured it the hight-ft
reputation. Its commerce and riches are
immenfe; and it is deemed alfo one of
the mufl: fertile provinces in the empire.
Tun nan, a city of China, capital of
the province of Yun-iian- It was once
celebrated for its extent, and the beauty
of its public cdificcii. Here vt'ra mag-
nificent buildings, vaft gardens, tombs,
triumphal arches, and elegant fquares ;
all of which have been deftroyed by the
Tartars, in their different invafions; and
the city at prercnt contains nothirig re-
markable. It ftands at the N extremity
of a lake, u6o miles ssw of Peking.
Lon. loi 30 E.lat. 25 6 n.
Turctip, a town ol Aliatic Turkey, in
Caramania,onthcKizil.erniuk, 125 miles
NK ofCogni. Lon. 34 30 v.. Kit. 39 40 n.
Tvri/, A town of iMance, in the de-
partment of-Eure, on the river Eure,
1 6 miles s of Evrcux.
Z.
7,aab, a diftrift of Algiers, in the
dtfert, behind Mount Atlas, belonging
to the province of Conftantiiie. The
people of Zaab arc free, and pay no
tribute: they are poor and indigent, as
it may be expedtod of the inhabitants of
fo barren a Ibil. Dates are their prin-
cipal articles of food; and they have
extenlive plantations of palm trees.
They carry on fome commerce in Ne-
gros and oftriches feathers. Small
troops of the pooreft of them every
year wander forth to the huijer cities
of the kingdom, where they get ini-
ployed in various fervices ; and having,
in the courfe of two or three years,
accumulate ' from fix to ten zechins,
return home, and are reckoned among
the wealthy of the land. In the capital,
they are known by the name of Bifcaris,
and conftitute, under a common head,
a kind of diftind corporation: they have
even a common trcafury for the pur-
pofe of mutually relieving each other.
They are the only clafs of free fervants,
and are frequently employed in the
ioufes of the Europeans, being veiy
ufefid to them ; a-^, befide the language
of the country, tfisy fpeak the Lingua
Franca. All the^ninhabitants of Zaab
are dog-eaters ^ .^id, in general, nciUier
w
Z AH
fcrupulous nor fqu^ amilh with regard
to their food. The villages which the
Bifcaris inhabit in their native country
are fmall, all fimilar to one another,
and remarkable only for diriinci anl
poverty. The chief place of the diftridt
IS Bifcara.
Zubola, a town of Tranfylvania, on
the confines of Moldavia, five miles &w
of Neuitiai k.
Zacatecatt a province of Mexico, in
the audience ol Guadalajara ; bounded
on the N by New Bifcay, t. by Panuco»
s by Mechfachau and Guadalajara, and
w by Chiametlan. It abounds with
large villages, and its mines are deemed
the richeft in America.
Zacatecas, a city of Mexico, capital
of I he province of the fame name. It
is furrounded by rich filver mmes, and
260 miles N K of Mexico. Lon. 103 30
w, lat. 22 45 N.
Zacatu/a, n. town of Mexico, in the
province of Mechoacan, on a river of
tlie fame name, near the Pacific ocean,
180 miles sw ot Mexico. Lon. 102 55
w, lat. 18 30 N.
Zarhan, a town of Further Pome-
rania, 13 miles e of New Stargard.
Zafra, a town of Spain, in Ellrema-
dura, with a cattle; feated at the foot of
a mountain, near the river Guadaxiera^
20 miles sw of Medina.
Zagara, a mountain of EuropeaiV
Turkey, in Livadia, one of the tops of
mount Parnafliis. It was the ancient
Helicon, from which ilTued the foun-
tnin Hippocrene, and was facred to th^
Mnfes, who had here a temple.
Zaghara, a town of Negroland, ia.
Bornou, on the river Fittrce, 170 mile«
SE of Bornou.
Zagoria. See Deve/to*
Ziigrab- See Agram.
Ziihara, a town of Spain, in Anda-
lull a, with a citadel; feated on a craggy
rock, 42 miles s£ of Seville.
y.ahara, or the Desert, a vail coun-
try of Afi'ra, 1900 miles in leligth by
840 in breati'h ; bounded on the n by
Barbary, e by Fc/.zan and Caflina, 4
by NegMland and Fouli, and w by
the Atlantic ocean. The air is very
hot, but wholefome to the natives.
The foil is generally fandy and barren ;
but there are verdant valleys in which
water either fprings or ftagnatfs, and it
is here and there intcrfperfed with fpcts
of aftonilhing fertility, which .ire crowd*
cd with inhabitants. Thefe fcrtiU- fpots
in the defert are called oafes, or iflandsy
bearing fome refemblance to iflands ia
the fea ; and they abound moft in the
nojthera and eaftern parts; but th«
3D
\
f
\
• ,!
^
"^fr
Z AM
fmaller ones are not always permanent ;
for a furious wind from the defert,
bringing along with it an immenfu quan-
thy of fand,' fometimes overwhelms
un oafis, and rt'duccs it to banviincfs.
Thtff oafcs are formed into a number
of flates, governed by petty princes}
and thofc of which tome intelligence
has been obtained, are noticed in this
Vork in their proper places. The in-
habitants, conhfting of various tribes,
are wild and ignorant ; and the Maho-
metan religion is profcfled throughout
the country, uplefu where they ap-
; roach tjje country of the Negroe.
'hey maintain toward eacn other the
maxims of apparent hofpitality, but a
Chridianis every where odious. Their
language is chiefly a dialed of the
Ar.ibic; and their only iuttrcnurle with
other nations ib carried on by tlio cara-
yauB which periodically traverl'c thefe
immenfe deferts. The Zahara abounds
in antelopes, wild bo^rs, leopards, api's,
oftrichcs, and fcrpents. There are few
horfi's and beeves ; but many fhecp,
goatK, and camels. Much fait is pro-
duced in the deafen, which the Arabs
carry into Negroland, and brinjr back
provifions, blue cotton cloth, ami naves.
yui'na, a town of thetUicIiy of Sax-
ony, lix miles NE of Wittenberg.
Zahia, a town of Algiers, in the pro-
vince of Conftanlia, Aippofcd, from
fomc conflderable ruins, to have been
the ancient city of Zama. It is zS
miles SE of Setecf, and 46 iw of Con-
ftantina.
Zainet a river of Barbary, which fi?-
?arate8 the kingdoms of Algiers and
'unis, and enters the Mediterranean at
the ifland of Tubarca-
Zaire, a ri\er of Congo, which rifes
in the kingdom of Matamba, flows n
to the extreme border^ of Congo, where
it turns to the w, then feparates the
kingdoms of Loango and Congo Pro-
per, and enters the Atlantic ocean be-
low Sogno.
Za/amea, a town of Spain, in Anda-
lulia, 1: miles n of Niebla, and 2?'
WNw of Seville.
Za/amai, a town of Spain, in Eftre-
madura, anciently called Ilapa. It has
many veftiges of its former Iplcndour,
and is 38 miles se of Mcrida.^
Ztiwora, a ftrong town of Spain, in
Leon, and a bilhop's iee. In its envi-
rons tine turcois ftones are found. It
is fcated on a hill, on the river Douero,
over which is a bridge, 33 miles n by
w of Salamanca, and 146 nw of Madrid.
Jjon. s 56 w, lat. 41 50 N.
Zamora, a town of Peru, in the audi-
2 AN
ence of Quito. In the neighbourhood
are rich mines of gold. It is feated
near the Andes, a.^o miles s of Quito.
Lon. 78 30 w, lat. 46 s.
Zamora^ a town of Mexico, in the
province of Guadalajara, 40 miles sc
of Guadalajara. Lon. loj 30 w, lat.
ao 5» N.
Zamora, a town of Algiers, in the
province of Conllautina, j/;o miles w
of liamamet. Lon. 6 aj k, lat. 36 ao n.
Zamoiki, a town of Poland, in the
palatinate of Beltz, with a cit<idel, a
cathedral, and feveral other churches.
It is 37 mites ssw of Chehn, and 44
WNw'ofBeltz.
Zitmi'Ci^Q, a town of Mexico, in the
province of Mexico, feated on a fmall
lake, 30 miles n of Mexico.
Zanfurii, a kingdom of Negroland,
to the s of Zegzfg, bctv» en Canin<-|
and Bornou. The inhabitants are tall
in ftature, of a very black complexion,
with bioad faces, and favage difpofi-
tions. The capitiil, of the f.ime name,
Hands on a river that forms a lake n of
Ghana, .iiid then flows through that
city into the Nig»;r. It is 230 \i\\\e% ne
of Ghana, and 450 wsw of Bornou.
Lon. 16 o K, lat- itt 30 N.
Zaiii^utliur, a country on the F. coaft
of Africa, between 3 n and 9 s lat. It
includes fev(;ral petty kingdoms, in
which the Portuguele have fettlement&»
The inhabitants are all blacks,, with
curled woolly hair; and, except thofe
converted by the Portugucfe, are either
Mahometans or pagans, the latter much
the more numerous. The princip.il
territories are Jubo, Melinda, Mombaza,
and Quiola. The Portuguele trade for
flaves, ivory, gold, ofl:riches feathers,
wa:?, and drugs. The inl.uu! country
is reprefentcd as lyinjj; low, and inter-
fccted with woods, forells, marfhes,
lakes, and rivers, the latter, for the
moft part, covercJ ^vith weeds and
thickets; all which fo ftagnate the air,
that tlu; produds oi" the earth are cor-
rupted, and the inhal)it<>nt3 lickly anc!
indolent. But here are rich mines of
gold, laliiy got, by tlie help of which
grain, roots, fniits, &c. arc purchafcd
ti-om ()ther parts.
Zantc, an illand in the Mediterm-
nean, near the coaft of the Moren, 17
mites s oftlie ifland of Cephalonia. It
is 14 miles long and eight broad, .in d
forms part t)f the republic of S'.veii
Illands. Its principal riches conOft in
currants, wliicli are cultivated in a large
plain, under the flietter of mountains.
Here are alfo the fined peaches in tlie
world, with other choice fruits, ar.d
.34 K.
;hbourhood
[t is re.itetl
i of Quito*
;ico, in the
mileii sc
30 w, lat.
icrs, in the
>;o miles w
iat. 36 ao N.
nndi in the
it citadel, a
:r churches.
;hn, unJ 44
xico, in the
[ on a fmall
Negroland,
tn Caffina
aiits are tall
co.nplcxion,
■age difpofi-
fame name,
9 a lake n of
hrough that
:^o mtr<*8 NK
of Bornou.
the F. coaft
1 9 s lat. It
ingdoms> in
I lcttltment&»
acks> with.
:xc»;pt thofe
, are either
atter much
principal
Mombaza,
c tradi* for
fi.'athers,
u! country
and inter-
, marihcs,
r, for tlio
WH'ods and
ate iho air>
nth are coi -
fick'ly anil
h mines of
p of which
purchafed
Mi'ditorni.
MortM, 17
lalonia. It
broad, and
: of S< ven
.■s conCift in
d in a large
mountains,
nches in tlic
fruits, and
Z AW
rxcellent'winc and oil. The natives
fpeait both Greek and Italian, though
there are very few Roman catholics
among them ; but thty have a biftiop
as well as the Or*'« ks. H«'re arc about
50 village!!, but no otiier town than
Zante, whioh is fortititd, and has u
good harbour on the k iide of the ifland.
Lon. :o 50 k, lat. ^j 43 n,
Zanzilar, an ifland m the Indian fea,
on the coaft of Zanguebar, between
the idands of Pemba and Monfia, tri-
butary to Portugal. It abounds in I'ugar-
canes and citrons. The inhabitants are
Mahometans. Lon. 41 o y, lat. 60s.
Zam, a flrong feapori of Dalmatia,
capital of a county of the fame name,
and an archbifhop's fee, with a citadel.
The harbour, which lies to the n, is
capacious, Cafe, and well guarded ; and
the citadel is divided from the town by
a deep ditch, hewn out of a rock.
Near the church, which the Greeks
call St. Helia, are two fluted columns"
of the Corinthian order, fiippoftd to
have been part of the temple of Juno.
Zara is featfd on a fmall peninfula, in
the gulf of Venice, 70 miles N w of Spa-
latro, and 150 se of Venice. Lon, 16 6
E, lat. 4430 N.
Znn'n^^, or Setreitan, a town of Perfia,
capital of the piovincc ofSegeftan. It
is ct'lebrated for its beautitnl porcelain,
and feated on the Hirniund, ^50 miles k
of Ifpahan. Lon. 61 10 e, lat. 32 a8 n.
Zar'ti, a town of Europem Turkey,
in th(! Morea, zz miles v. of Mifitra.
y.arnato, a town of European Tur-
key, in the Morca, feated on an emi-
nence, so miles w of Militra.
Zarnaiv, a town of Poland, in the
palatinate of Sandomir, 32 miles N of
Sandomir.
Zanio^.i'iiz, a town of Pruffa, in
Pomerelia, on a bay of the Baltic, 38
miles NNw of Dantiiic.
Zajlanv, a town of Poland, in Vol-
Iiinia, feated on the Horin, 30 miles
NNW of Coullantinow.
Zo.tmar, a ftrong town of Hungary,
capital of a county of the fume nann;.
It is feated wn a fmall lake formed by
the river S^mos, 50 miles v. by s of
Tockay, and 130 e of Buda. Lon. 32
34 E, lat. 47 .tiO N.
Zator, H town of Poland, in the pala-
tiimte of Cracow, with a catUe; feated
on an eminence, near the river Viftula,
20 miles bw of Cracow, and 50 se of
Ratibor.
Zau-e/i, a to\wn of Perfia, in the pro-
vince of Ivhorafan, fituate on the Ted-
jen, JO miles from the Cafplan fea, and
«o N of Mefched.
Z E A
Za<iulla- See'Zueela. .. ^
Ziarat, a town of Poland, in tht
palatinate of Podolia, 28 milet K of
Zborow, and 68 n by w of Kamlnicck.
Zl/oroiu, a town of Poland, in the
palatinate of Lcmburg. Here, in 16491
John Cafimir, king of Poland, with
20,000 men, w.n8 .ittacked by i loiooo
Cod'acks and Tart.ars, for three days
fuccefTivcIy, but defended himfelf f<»
bravely, that the latte^ confentcd to
terms of .accommod.ition. Zborow is
5 2 miles F by s of Lcmburg. Lon. 25
46 K, lat. 49 46 N.
Zealand, or Zealand, an illand of
D.nmark, of a triangular form, 130
miles in circumference, and the largeft
of the ides belonging to the king of
Denmark. It lies at the entrance of
the Baltic, h.iving the Categit on the
N, the Sound on the E, and the Great
Melt on the w. The coaft is muci: in-
terfedted by large bays ; and within the
coimtry are fevcral lakes, which, as well
as the rivers, abound in fiih. It is ex-
ceedingly fertile; producing grain of all
forts, with excellent pafture, and in
moft parts plenty of wood. It is par-
ticularly famous for its breed of horfes.
Copenhagen is the capital of this ifland)
and of tlie whole kingdom.
il[f<j/rtW,a province of Holland, botmd-
ed on the n by the illes of Holland, k
by Dutch Br,nbant» s by I'landers, and
w by the German ocean. It is com-
pofed of feveral iflands, the principal
of which are VValcheren, Schowen, N
and S Beveland, Tolen, Duyveland, and
Wolfcrfdike. The inhabitants are at a
great expence to defend thcmfelves
from encroachments of the fca, in keep-
ing up their dikes. The river Scheldt
forms the moft ofthefeiflands; and the
foil of them is fruitfuR T(i<? principal
towns are Middlcburg and Flufliing.
Z.caland, AV(:y, an ifland in the Pacific
ocean, difcovered by Tafman, in 164a.
He traverfed the fc coaft from lat. 34
to 43 s, and entered a ftrait ; but being
attacked by the natives, foon after lii?
came to an anchor, in the place to
which he gave t!ie name of Murderers-
bay, he did not go on fliore. He called
the country Statcn Land, though it
has been generally diftinguilbed in our
maps by the name of New Zealand.
From tlt^ time of Tafman, the whol«
countiy, except that part of the coail
fecn by him, remained altogether im-
known, and was by many fuppofed to
make part of a fouthcrn contine||||.tilI
1770, when it was circumuavigat#Pby
Cook, who found it to confift of tw«
large iflandsy feparated by a ftrait foul
3 D «
i;
111
'i
I
fe i: A
,«r five Uignts broad, to which hr gave
ih own name. On the w fide of this
ftrait is Queen Charlotte Sound, which
was made a principal place of rtndtz-
vbu8 in his fubfcquent voy iges. Along
'the coaft are many fmall iflands, and it
is indented by. deep bays, afibrdinjr ex-
cellent (belter for (hipping ; and there
are alfo fcveral rivers capable of re-
ceiving large vcflels. The foiithern-
raoil ifland ifs for the nioft part nioun-
tainoui- and barren, as far inland as the
'eye can reach ; but the land bordering
on the feacoiift is clothed thick with
■wood, almoft down to the water's edge.
The northernmoft idnnd has a much
better appearance; for the bills and
mountains are covered with wood, and
<very valley has a rivulet of «'xcellt'nt
water. The foil of thefe valleys, and
the plains, of which there are many
overgrown with wood, is in general
light, but fertile. The winters are
milder than in England, and the fum-
mers not hotter, though more equally
.warm. There ore foreft I'f vafl: extent,
full of the flraightcft and largefl- timbir,
fit for buildings of any kind. Wild ce-
lery, and a kind of crefTes, grow plen-
tifully in almoft every cove. Yams,
fwi et potatoes, and cocoas, are raifetl
by cuUivaiion. Cook, in 177;?, planted
fevpral fpots of ground with European
garden feeds; and, in 1777, in fevtral
of thefe fpots, /iltlioiigh totally no-
gledled and overrun by weeds, were
foiind cabbages, onions, leeks, purflain,
raddiflies, muftard, &c and a few fine
potatoes, greatly improved by change
of foil. In other placets every thing
had been rooted out to make ro m for
temporary villages. The or,!y quadru-
peds are dogs and rats : tl.t» former are
domeftic, and for foid : and tlie latter,
though not numerous, feejg alfo to be
' taten. The birds, like tlie vepetal)le
{woduftion.'j are almolt entirely pecur
iar to the country. Cook introduced
European pou'try, and, on his laft vilit,
had the fatisra(ftion to find th< in in-
ereafed, both in a wild and donie(Hc
iVate, beyond all danger of beine ever
exterminated. The men are fci^it, well
.made, and flefliy; but none of them
: corpulent, like the inhabitants of Ota-
heite; and they are exceedingly vigor-
ous and adive. The womi{»n polYefs
peculiar graces of form and perfon. The
bodies of both ffxes are marked with
h\iA ftains, called amoco, which is the
fa4p AS tattowing at Otaheite. Their
dreS confifts of an oblong garment,
jabout five ucl long and tour broad:
they bring two corners of it over their
Z E ft
(boulders, and fallen it on the breaft
with the other part, whicb covers tbJB
body; and about the belly it is again
tied with a girdle of mat. They ortja-
ment their heads with feathers, pearl-
(hells, bones, &c. The women fome-
tinaett wear necklaces of (harks teeth,
or bunches of long beads made of bones
or (liells. Their houfes are miferable
lodging places; and their only furni-
ture is a few fmall bafkets, in which
they put their fifliing-hooks and other
trifles. Thtir food confifts chiefly of
fifli ; and inftcad of bread, they eat the
root of a kind of fern, which they fcorch
over the fire, and thet' beat with a ftick
till the dry outfide falls olT. Befide
their dogs they alfo contrive to kill
birds. Their cookery confifts wholly
in roafting and baking, which latter is
performed in the fame manner as at
Otaheite. The women eat in common
with the men, and their method of
feeding correfponds with the naftinefs
of their ptrfors. From Cape Kidnap-
pers, in lat. 39 43, for upward of eighty
leagues to the northward, the people
acknowledge- one fovereign, called Te-
ratu, and under him ievcral fubordinate
chiefs, to whom great vefpeft is paid ;
but whether his authority be hereditary
or delegated is uncertain. This part of
the coaft is much the moft populout;;
lill.\(,'e, weaving, and the other arts of
peace, being bcft: known, and moft
pradliled. The cano""! sre more deco-
rated, the plantation^ more numerous,
and the clothes and carving finer, than
any where elfe. In other parts, they
arc feattered along the coaft, in finjiie
families, or in larmier tribes, and each
in a ftatp of perpetual hoftility. For
fiich continual wars, and the inhuman
banquet that is the confequence of vie-
tory, among a people in other rerj)edls
mild and gentle, perhaps no bettor
reafon can lie aflii^ned, than what at
firft originated in neceftity, has li>cn
perpi'tnaled by habit, and exnfpernft d
by revenge. Upon the "wliole, liure is
little room to doubt that thefe people
are cannibols. Thefe two iflands lie
between lat. 34 and 48 s, and lou. in6
and i>',o v..
Ztbi-i, a city of Arabia, in the pro-
vince of Yenx-n. It was once \<fry
confiderable. but its walls are deino-
lifiied, and the prt-ftnt buildings fcarcely
occupy the half of its ancient extent.
It is feattd on a river, 10 miles from
the Ked fea, and 140 N of Mocha. Lon.
44 18 t, lat. 15 10 N,
Zthuy or Sebu, one of the Philippine
ifiands, between thofe of Leyta and
fSfei
brol
hat
lat.
n the bfftift
fv covers tbJB
f it is again
They ortja-
thers, pearl-
omen fome-
[harks teeth,
ade of bones
in* miferable
only f limi-
ts, in which
v9 and other
ts chiefly of
, they cat the
h they fcorch
t with a flick
off, BefiHe
trive to kill
nfiftn wholly
'hich latter is
laniier as at
t in common
r method «)f
the naftinefg
'ape Kidnap-
'ard of eighty
I, the people
n, called Tc-
il fubordinate
pcft is paid ;
be hereditary
Tiiis part of
»ft populous;
other arts of
and mod
more deco-
numerous,
finer, th.in
parts, thty
)af1:, in fingle
and etch
ftility. For
le inhuman
lencc of vie-
ther reri)t(Jis
no better
m what at
•, lias b<eri
exnfperr.tc d
ole, tlure is
hefe pt'oplo
iflainlsi lie
nd ion. 1 66
m the pvo-
once ^ry
arc deino-
iiijrs fcarci'ly
lent extent,
miles from
[ocha. Lnn.
Philippine
iLeyta and
fS,
Z E t . , _, :;.
iSfegros. it is 14b miles Totig ari'd 30
broad, and has a town of the ftme
hame. On the e coaft. Lon. 121 36 t,
lat. 10 36 N.
Zed'tcy a town of Barbar'y, in the
fcountry of Tripoli, feated on a bay
of the Mediterranean, ijo mileo se of
Tripoli.
Zfgcdin, ov Flzes^eJ, a ftrong town of
Hung.iry, with a trade in fait, tobacco,
wool, and corn; fitnateOn the Tlioifle,
oppofite the influx of the Maros, 65
miles N\v of Temefwar, and 98 sii of
Peft. Lon. 20.^ t'^ lat. 46 20 .v.
Ze^^zc'^, a kingdom of Ntprolund, to
the N of Zanf.ira, between Cafiina and
'Bornou- It eonfifts pai'tly of plains
and partly of mountains; the former
abound with water, and are exceedingly
frnilful. The capital is of tlie fame
name, 380 miles ne of Callina. Lon.
16 o h, lat. 20 45 N.
Zehdenick, a town of Brandenburg,
in the Ucker mark. Here u a foun-
dery for mortars, bombs, and cannon-
balls, which are fent to diftant pro-
vinces. The Havel become.? navigable
at this place. It is 30 miles n of B( rliii.
Zeila, a feaport of the kingdom of
Adel, and a place of coufiderable trade.
It (lands on the (Irait of Babelmandel,
1 70 miles NNK of Aucagurel. Lon. 44
55 E, lat. II 15 N.
Zeil, a town of Franconia, in the
principality of Bamberg, feated on the
MaVx', 10 miles n w of Bamberg.
Zeil, a town and callle of Stiabia,
feated on the Aitrach, four miles N of
Leutkirch.
Zeilat a feaport of the kingdom of
Adel, on a bay of the Arabian fea. Lon.
44 22 F, lat. II 9 N. '
Ze/torif a town of Enropc m Turkey,
in Janna, and an arclibirtiop's fee, with
a caflle. It U a fmall place, and feated
on a gulf of the fame name, ne.ir the
river Eaylad-i, 50 miles s^i'. of Laiilla,
AVtd 62 N of Corinth.
Zeitz, a town of Upper Saxony, in
the dudiy of Naiimburg, with a calUe,
and a collegiate church. It has f-ood
cloth and (luiT manufaiflurop, and i.s
feated on the Elder, aj niileJ ssvv of
Leiplic. .
Zt'il, a town of Lower S;ixony, ca-
pita! of a lUiehy of the i\\•^•t nimajin
the piincipality of Lrineliurg. It is
fiirronnrffd by ditches aud v)mp;>rt.s,
on which itrc p!;inted chcl^nut and
linn- tr.os; ai^ has manufaclnres of
fnnff, wax, and hats. '1 lie liigh courts
of appe.il for ;ill the territories of the
eleiHoral lioufe of rirnnfwiclx-Luriehr.i;':;
wort held here; and air> the diets lor
th ■ priii'vipalify. Tlic callle, fuiround-
iA Bya iiatm, Vvas formerly file ififlft
dence of the dukes of Zell; arid \f)h
repaired by Goorge 11 r of 'finglUnd, For
the relidence of Ws iinfortUnate filler,
the <iueen of Denmark^ tvhodled Heffc
in 17715. Zell is feated on the Ailer»
at the mflu.K of the Fiife, ;i8 miles Ri^B
of Hanover, and 40 ssw of LuiiibuiS.
Lon. TO 14 K, lat. 52 42 N.
Ze/i, ;• town of Siiabia, lately Jm-
perial, feated in the vale of Hamlfleif-
oach, on the river Kintzig, 18 miles yg
ot Straiburg.
ZeJl, a town of France, in the d#.
partment of Rhine and Mbfelle, lately df
Germany, in the elctJtorate of Trevesi
feated on the Mofelle, five miles 't«n«
of Trarbach.
Zei/ in the Pinzi^nu, a town of BSii*
varia, in the cfuchy of Salzburg^ feateil
on a lake, 30 mile's w of Radlladt, unA
34 sbw of Salzburg.
Zi'/l if/ ZiUerfhal, a town of Bavanit,
in thcdncliy of Salzburg, feated on thfe
Ziller, 24 miles e of Infpriick, and /t
sw of Sai'.cburg.
ZeliirfAd, a town of Lower Saxony,
in the duchy of ferunfwick, with a
mine office, and a mint in which 200,000
dollars are annually coilied. It ftands
in the Hart/, foieft, nine miles ssw of
GoHar.
Zeiitia, a town :)f Lithuania, in the
palatinate of No- ogrodek, 50 miles
Wtiw of Novogro^'.ek.
Zcniplin, a town of Hungary, capital
of a county of tlVe fime name, feated
on the Bodrog, 25 miles se of Caffovia*
and 27 Ni: of Tockay.
Zoii^an, a town of Perfia, in the pro*
virice of Irac, 80 miles nne of Amadan.
Zcnguia., a town of Aii.atic Turkey,
in the pachalic of Aleppo, fituatc on
the Euphrates, 55 miles nne of Aleppo.
Zmtut a town of Hungary, memora-
ble for a fignal vidmy gained, in 1697,
by prince Eng;ene over the Turks,xMiW»-
munded by emperor Muftapha II. It
is feat.'d on the Theylfe, 52 miles N of
Beigravlc, and r,2 w of Temefwar.
Xi-rbit, .1 town of Upper Saxony, in
the principality of Anhalt, with a fine
calMe. It i.s tair.ous for good beer, and
has mannfaohires of gold and filvtrv
This town ii the !ai'i;L(t and fineft in
the principality, and 10 miles nnw of
Dtfl'm. Lon. 12 :o u, lat. 52 » N.
Z.'.-.a, a inwn ai;.! forirclsof Perfi.i^^
in the provinciT of Farlitt<i!i, -iB njdea
N NE of Siiiras.
Z:((/.v>, a town of Fnnconia, lo'the
princiMality vf IJamberg, on the rivcv
Rovai-'i, ?i mile^ nk of Bamberg.
7.e!i!rnrr,J(t, a town of Upper Saxony>
in Yoigtlani!, >vilh mauufaduret of
•«
I
# «!T ZOR
4l>^* nd ftockings, 14 miles NW of which has four large and lis fmi^gateK
Pfauen. It has a yeryextenfive tradf iiT linen*
Zia, an illand of the Archipelago, white damaiks, woollen cloth, and blue
to the s of Negropont, ^5 miles long paper. The cathedral has three organs ;
and eight broad. It belongs to the and near it is a college, where the Ian-
Turks, but moft of the inhabitants are guages, drawing, and other arts, are
Greeks, and have a bifhop. It abounds taught gratis. Joining, to the cloifters
in barley, wine, and (ilk; alfo a fine is a library, the fined in all Lufatia ; and
fort of oak, whofe fruit, called Villam,
is the beft trading commodity of the
idand, it' being ufed by die^s and tan-
ners. The prmcipal town, of the fame
name, is feated on an eminence, and
has a good harbour, with about 2500
houfcs, all flat at the top. Lon. 34 24
E, lat, SjJ 48 K.
Ziegenhah, a town of Silefia, m the
principality of NielTe, with feveral
founderifs, and a mannfaduro of ex-
cellent glafs. It is feated on the Biela,
JO miles s of Neifle.
7Aegenh.nyn, a fortified town of Ger-
many, in Lowrr Hefle, with a fine
caftle belonging to the prince of Hefie-
Caflel, and an arfenal. The fuburb
called Weinhaufen is a handfome place,
and more extenfive than the town. In
1757 it was taken by the French; and
in 1 76 1 it was inefFedually befiegcd by
the allies, who reduced two thirds of
the town to allies by their cannonade.
It (lands in a morafs, furrounded by the
river Schvvalm, 28 miles sse of Calfel.
Ziegenrucki a town of Upper Saxony,
in Mifnia, on the river Saal, 10 miles s
of Neurtadt.
Ziegesfry.w Ziesary a town and caftle
of Brandenburg, in the Middle mark,
18 miles wsw of Brandenburg, and 23
ENF. of Magdeburg.
Zielemig, a town of Brandenbiirc,
in the Nt'w mark, belonging to the
knights of Malta. It has manufadures
of cloth, and is ap miles ese of Cuftrin.
7Aerenberg, .1 town of Germany, in
Lower Hefl'e, fitiiate on a hill, on the
river Warnc, eight miles wnw of CalTel.
Ziget, a town of Hungary, on the
Ttv-r TeifTe, near its fourcc, 42 miles e
by N of Nagybanja.
Zigeth, a itrong town of Hungary,
which has been feveral times beficged
and taken by the Turks and Auftrians.
It (tands on the Alma, by which it is
furrounded, 48 miles se of Canifclia.
Lon. I a j6 E, lat. 46 8 n.
Zrriczec, a firong town of Holland,
in Z»'aland, and capital of the ifle of
Schowen. It wa"? the ancient rcfiilence
of the counts of Zealand, and then a
place ol much more confequencc, the
p;)it having bf^cn fince filled with fand.
It is 12 miltjs NE of Middleburg, and
18 sw of Briel. Lon. 4 10 k, hit. 51 ^^6 n,
Zittau, a fortified town of Lufatia,
at a fmall diftancc from it is an orphan
houfe- Zittau being occupied by the
Prufllans, in 1757, was taken by the
Aultrians, who almoft entirely deftroyed
it by the bombs and cannonade. It is
feated on the NeiflTe^iy miles sw of
Gorlitz, and i^ se oP-)Diefden. Lon.
15 I E, lat. 50 54 N.
Znaim,h (trong to>vn of Moravia, ca-
pital of a circle of the fame name, with
a c Ale, in which are a great many
pagan antiquities. The vicinity yields
excellent wine. It is feated on the
Teya, 35 miles sw of Brinn, and 43 nnw
of Vienna- Lon. 16 o e, lat. 48 48 n.
Zoara, a fortified town of Barbary,
in the country of Tripoli, with a good
harbotir, on the Mediterranean, 60 miles
w of Tripoli. Lon. ,11 53 e, lat. 32 45 n.
ZoUitz, a town of Upper Saxony, in
Mifnia. The inhabitants fubfift prin-
cipally by working the ferpent-ftonc,
which is found in the neighbourhood,
into pitchers, bowls, tea and coflee-
cups, &c. i'he red fpecies of this
(tone, wliich is cor fulercd as the fineft»
belongs folely to the fovcrcign. It is
17 miles 5 of Freybcrg.
Zobten, a town of Silefia, in the prin-
cipality of Schweidnitz, nine miles ese
of Schwcidnitz.
Zqffingen, a town of SwilTtrland, in
the canton of Bern, with an elegant
church, and a public library, contain-
ing feveral curious manufcripts. Near
it is a foreft, which contains the beft
pine-trees in all SwilTorland. It is feat-
ed on the Wigger, 19 miles nnw of
Lucern.
Zolnock, a town of Hungary, capital
of a county of the fame name. It was
taken by the Turks in 1554, and retaken
in 1685. It is feated on the TeyfiTe, at
the influx of the Sagelia, 62 miles ne of
Colocza, and 62 e of Buda. Lon. 20
50 K, lat. 47 10 N.
Zomhor, a tow n of Hungary, near the
river Mof/Jonga, 50 miles nw of Neu-
fat«.
Zofts, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Roer, lately of Germ<iny,
irt the archbilliopric of Cologne, with
a caftle ; feated on the Rhine, 13 miles
NNW of Cologne. *
Z.orbi;^, a town of Upper Saxony, in
the circle of Lcipfic, with a citadel> 34
miles Ni\'W' of Leipfic-
dt> in linen*
:h, and blue
iree organs ;
jcre the lan-
sr arts, are
the cloifters
lUfatia; and
» an orphan
pied by the
ken by the
ly deftroyed
nade. It is
niles sw of
rden. Lon.
Moravia, ca-
name, with
great many
cinity yields
ted on the
and 43 NNW
t. 48 48 N.
of Barbary,
,vith a good
;an, 60 miles
lat.3a45 N.
• Saxony, in
fubfift prin-
rpent-ftonc,
;itboiirhood»
and coffce-
;ie3 of this
IS the fineft,
tign. It is
in the prin-
miles EN£
jntrland, in
an elegant
|y, coiitain-
ts. Near
118 the beft
It is feat-
S NNW of
liry, capital
le. It was
Ind retaken
JTeylTe, at
liies NE of
Lon. so
|r, near the
of Neu-
|n the de-
Jermany,
|gne, with
13 miles
laxony, in
litadel, 24
Z U I^'
Zerndorf, a village of Brandenbilrg,
one mile n of Cuftrhi. Here, in i^jSf
the king of Pruflia, after a dreadful con-
tti&, totally defeated the Ruffians.
Zosien, a town and caftlc of Bran-
denburg, in the Middle mark, fituate
on the Notte, 19 miles, s of Berlin.
7,ouf. See Gaur.
Zowaa, a town of the kingdom of
Tunis, fanaous for the dying of fcarlet
caps and the bleaching of linen, 36
miles sw of Tunis.
Zuekmantel, a town of Silofia, in the
principality of |ieifle, and a biftiop's
fee. It has min»of gold, filver, copper,
and iron, and is 15 miles s of Nieille.
Zueelis, a town of the kingdom of
Fezzan, lituate in a diftrift of remarka-
ble fertility. The remnants of ancient
buildings, the number and" iize of the
cifterns, and the conftrudtion of the
vaulted caves, intended perhaps as re-*
pofitories for corn, exhibit wonderful
veftiges of its ancient fplendour. It is
60 miles ENE of Moarzook. Lon. 16
34 E, lat. 27 59 N.
Zvenifforod, a town of Ruffia, in the
government of Mofcow, fituate on the
Mofkva, 2» miles w of Mofcow.
Zt/g, a fmall canton of Swiflerland,
bounded on the e and N by Zurich, w
by Lucern, and s by Schwcitz. It is
rich in paUurage ; has plenty of various
kinds of Itone fruit, as well as walnuts
and cheftiiuts ; and its wine is of a very
acid flavour. The inhabitants are Ro-
man catholics.
Zug, a town of Swiflerland, capital
of a canton of the iamc name. Here
are feveral handfome churches, and a
gwod townhoufe. It is featcd on a lake
of its name, is miles nw of Sehweitz.
Lon. 8 24 E, lat. 47 4 n.
y-'ider Zee, a great bay of the Ger-
m. ' jcean, which extends from n to s
in Holland, between the provinces of
Frielland, Overyilel, Geldtrland, and
N Holland.
Zuliuif, or SulaUi a town of Siicjfia, in
a loriUhip of the fame name, rive miles
sw of Militfch.
Zitlch, a town of France, in the dv'-
paitmcnt of Roer, lately of Germany,
ill the duchy of Julicrs; fcated on the
Nain-I, 12 iiules -s of Juiitrs.
Zidllcluw., a town of JUraiidetiburg,
in the New mark. The caftle ftands
witlioiit the walls of the town, and has
a rampart and ditches. I'lie fiiburbs
contain more honfes than the town
itli;lf, and anion^ them is a large orphan
houfc, to wliich is annfj:cd a Icliool, an
nca.lemy, &c. Hire arc good cloth
manufactures, and tlie vicinity prviduces
much corn and wine. In 1 7 59, a battle
t M It
Was fought near this town between tie
Pruflians and Ruflians, in which t)ti>
former were defeated. It is fituate in
a plain, near the 04er, 24 ihiles e by k
of Croflen. Lon. i^ 5a e, lat. 5* 9 n.
Zuhhot or Julfat a town of Perfia»
almoft clofe to Ifpahan, to which it is a
fort of fuburbj ^d Separated from it by
the river Sanderon. It was peopfed bf
a colony of Armenians, brought hither
by Shah Abbas, and contains feveral
churches and monafterie?.
Zulzt a town of Silefla, in the prin-
cipality of Oppeln, 14 miles e by s of
Neifle, and a6 ssw of Oppeln.
Zulz, a town of Swiflerland, in the
canton of Grifons, on the river Inn, 26
miles SE of Coire.
Zumampa, a town of Tucuman, on
the river Dolce, 110 miles ssE of St.
Jago del Eftero.
Zumaya, a town of Spain, in Bifcay,
near the coaft, ||$ miles w by s of St.
Scbailian. *
Zumpango, a town of Mexico, in the,
province of Mexico, 100 miles n by e
of Acapnlco, and 105 s of Mexico.
Zurich, a canton of Swiflerland,, 50
miles long and 30 broad; bounded on
the N by SchafFhaufen, E by Thurgaw
and the county of Tockenburg, s by
Glaris, Schweitz, and Zug, and w by
Lucern and the county of Baden. Zu-
rich was admitted a member of the
Helvetic confederacy in 1351, and ob-
tained the privilege of being the firft
canton in rank ; it is alfo the moft con-
liderable in extent, both of territory and
power, next to that of Bern. It abounds
in wine and excellent pafture; but as
there is not a fufficient fupply of corn,
for interior confumption, the deficiency
is chiefly fupplied from Suabia. The
inhabitants are all Calvinifts; and two-
thirds of them derive their livelihood
by fpi lining thread and filk, and making
linen for the manufadUne of the town.
Zurich, a city of Swiflerland, capital
of a canton of the fame name. It
(lands at the n end of the lake Zurich r
where the river Limmat iflues from the
lake, and divides the town into two
une(iual parts, which communicate by
three bridges. It was formerly an im-
perial city, and is one of the beft built
in this country, but the Iheets are
narrow. The cathedral was founded
by Charlemagne, and is adorned with a
ftatut; of that emperor. Zurich was
the firft town in Swiflerland that fepa-
rated from the church of Rome, being
converted by the arguments of Zuin-
glius, in 1517. The two divifions of
Zurich are called the old town and
the fuburbs : the former is furruunded
\\
\ I
^ I
\
batt)
^ „ntj|gth«ne(i by forti^ations in the
i^odern fty% Tliftarfenal is well fup-
ulied witQ cannbo and ammunition*
ppppnilPppip*il|||PppL ^wi4|«ii^,|<i...<ippp^.. ■•vr"
Sid contains rwufqueta.for. 30,oo<^men.
mong the (;hantabte faundatiogll are
am orp^an-houfej'an biiip'tal for the
fjpk of all nations, which ufualiy con-
^na above 600 patients; atid the Air
i|;>ofen Amt, or foundation for the poor,
which put's ou<; children a^ appi-entices*
and diftributes money> clothes, and
I^HDoks of devotion, to poor perfons, not
of the town only, but of the canton, to
thb amount of upward of 5000I. a year.
Here are feveral manufaAures ; particu-
Kirly muflins, cottonis, linens, and filk
ba,ndkerch}ef8- Zurich was taken by
the French in 1798, and retaken by the
Auftrians the year following ; but the
latter were foon obliged to evacuate it,
on the French gainin^|^deciSve vi(51ory
over the Auftro-RuflnW army near this
^ity. It is 35 miles sw of Coriftance,
ai)d 55 NE ot Bern. Lon. 8 35 e, lat.
47 12 N.
^ur'uk, a lake of SwIlTerland, 24
miles long and four broad. The bor-
ders are fluddett, with villages and
towns, and the s piirt appears bounded
iy the ftiipendous high iViOc iitains of
Scbwtii/. and Claris, The river Lim-
3Hat runs through its whole length to
the city of Zurich.
Zuriiay a towa of Spain, ift New
Cnftile, with a caftle, ftattd on the
Taio, 38 miles e of Madrid.
^^UKZt "1 town of Swifrerland, in the
canton of Grifons, feated on the Inn,
io miles nnw of Bormio.
Zurzacby a town of Swifforland, in
the county of Baden, fcatcd on the
Rhine, juft above the influx of theAar,
nine miles n of Baden.
Zurzon'za, a town of Mexico, in the
province of Mechoacan, fitiiate on an
ifland in a lake, 25 miles wsw of Mc-
choncan.
Zutp/.'efi, a ftrong town of Holland,
in Gelderlaiid, c;'pital of the ciiiiitef
or county of its name. It was t;ilctn,
in 16; 2, by the Fronch, who duflroyeil
the fortifications and abandon. d ibe
plact^ in 1674. The fortifications liavt;
been fince repaired. It is feated at the
conflux of the Berkel with the Yflel,
nine miles s by e of Deventer, and 5.1; e
by s of Amilerdam. Lon. 6 13 f-, lat.
5a IP N.
Zu^fti a. village of Holland, fiyv
nicies from Utrecht It abounds ii>,
pj^fita^ions and fliady walks, and \tt,
grfcatly ornamented by the fpaciom
bujldings vyhich count Zinz^ndorf ap*
proprjated to the fratcmlty of Hern-
mithers or Moravians. The brethrei|
aw employed in various kinds of manu«
fa^ure, and their workmanihip fflr
exceeds that of any other part of Hoi"
land ; but the articles are proportion*
ably dearer, Zuyft is miich frequcjited
in the fummer montb8>^by merchants
who have no countryj|MI of their own*
Zwenkau, a toiyn all|^aftle of Upper
Saxony, in Mifnia, feated on the BHlert
fix miles s of Leipfic.
Znueilt a, town of AuQria, at the con-
^ux of the Zwetl with the Kemp, 26
miles WNw of Krems.
Znt^iciauy a town of Upper Saxony^
iln Mifnia, on the frontiers of Voigtland,
with a citadel, three churches, and a
Latin fchool, in which is a good library.
H^re are manofaflures of cloth 'and
leather, and a trade hi corn and beer.
It is feated on the Muida, 20 miles n ne
of Plauen, and 2i;S of Altenburg. Lon*
12 :8 r,, lat. 50 4a n.
Ztwingenberg, a town of Germany,
in the principality of Hefle-Darmftadt,
10 miles » of Darmftadtj^and 22 x of
Heidelberg.
Ztvittau, a town of Moravia, in the
circle of Olmut?., 4A miles wnw, of
Olmutz,
Znvo/l, a fortified toijm of Holland,
in CverylVel, with threfe handlbme
fuburbs. On the adjacent mountain of
St. Agnes wa* formerly an Auguftine
.convent, in which Thomas Kempis
lived ; I years, and died in 1471. A
canal begins near this place, and ex-
tends to liic river Yflel, which is de-
fended by feveral forts. Zwoll is the
moft opulent town in the province, and
flands on an eminence, on the river Aa,
14 miles N of Deventer, and 31 sw of
Coevorden. Lon. 6 3 e, lat. 52 31 n.
/xi'o .7^r/?r/, a town of Dalmati,!, 36
miles s ofljiliiics, and fio .se of Senna.
'/ivonitz, a town of Upper Saxony,
in iViifiHa, 14 miles ssw of Chemnitz
, Zivcmlcki, a town ( f European Tuv-
key, in Bol'nia, 60 r.'.ilei v. of Seraio,
and 6a sw of Belgrade.
Hyiomicrs, a town and fortrcfs or
Poland, in Volhinia, feated on th>; Cie-
riricf, \to miles e of Lucko. Lon. 29
2 3 E, lut. 5» 3 J N.
nyutcTckari, Lgntton.
THF. F.ND.
\S^m,
(lolland, frne
abounds iti,
^alks, and ii^
the fpaqiom
nzendorf ap^
itK or Hern-
rhe brethreai
nds of tnanuo
nianniip far
part of Hoi-
proportjoiio
:h frequoited
>y merchants
of their own.
ftleofUpjfcer
in the EHter,^
i»at the con-
>e Kemp, z6
per S^ixonfy
>fVoigtland,
'chrs, and a
jood library.
F cloth ' and
■n and beer,
o miles nne
iburg. Lon.
r Germany,
-Darmftadt,
nd as K of
ravia, in the
:8 wnm; of
o[ Holland,
handlbme
nountain of
I Aiiguftine
as Kempis
• J471. A
:e» and ex-
hip h is dc-
vvBll is llie
ovina-, and
le river Aa,
d ^i sw of
• 52 31 N.
almati,*, 36
of Senna".
<T Saxony,
hernniti:
poan Tav-
of Straio,
fortrcfs or
in th.; Cif-
• Lon. 29