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 ■*!,■... ^-*'-- d&; 
 
 and Letters 
 
 REFERRING TO 
 
 - CANADA, ■ 
 MANITOBA 
 
 AND THE 
 
 NORTH-WEST 
 
 RRITORY. 
 
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 [i!Ml£iMM!M!i^M ■ 
 
 

 
 CAI 
 
 1 
 
 -^ARY 
 
 ppcifi'^ N* 
 
 PROVir: • 
 
 VlGTOhiA, 3. o 
 
 ; (From ill 
 
 The w 
 tlie Rev. 
 ' President 
 Hall, St. 
 cordial cl 
 waiting \v 
 building 
 view : — " 
 Xross;" 
 Ipreseiice 
 f ' Though 
 perity ; " 
 f ' Our hea 
 of the Oi 
 #elcome ; 
 On enter 
 cheered 1 
 ."Welcome ' 
 large 
 idmirers 
 jiijg pre 
 
 k>/! 
 
LECTUEES km LETTERS 
 
 REFEKRING TO 
 
 CANADA, MANITOBA 
 
 AND THE 
 
 NORTH-WEST TERRITORY. 
 
 1 
 
 - (From the Liverpool ''Catholic Times'' of Nov. I7th, 1882.; 
 
 The welcome accorded on his return from America, to 
 tlie Rev. Father Nugent, as he again took the chair as 
 President of the Catholic Total Abstinence League, League 
 Hall, St. Ann-street, on Monday night, was of the most 
 cordial character. The fine Guard of the Veterans was in 
 waiting without, whilst along the walls of the interior of the 
 building such greetings as the following stood boldly out to 
 *Yiew : — " God bless Father Nugent aud the League of the 
 Cross;" " We'll persevere to the end in the fight ;" "Your 
 J)) esence brings joy ; " '' The League bids you welcome ; '* 
 s'' Though absent, not forgotten ; " '' Temperance means pros- 
 perity ; " " When led by you, temperance must succeed ; '* 
 *'■' Our hearts are gladdened to-night ; " " Welcome, protector 
 ^pi the Orphans;" ''Founder of the League of the Cross, 
 Welcome;'' '"Welcome to our friend and benefactor," &c. 
 * ^On entering the hall, Father Nugent was enthusiastically 
 cheered by the large audience assembled, and a song of 
 welcome was sung with heartiness by the League choristers. 
 A large number of the Reverend Gentleman's friends and 
 admirers surrounded him on the platform, many ladies 
 beiijg present. In the interval of an enjoyable entertainment, 
 
 I H42'HR 
 
1 
 
 2 
 
 Fatlici- Nufrcnt, wlio a«'';iiii received an ovalion, rose to 
 
 ad 
 
 dress the audienee 
 
 II(f lliiinked them lor their extjrcssioiis 
 
 of goodwill ;iTi(i syinpatliy at seeing,' liini once more ainoTigst 
 llicm. Jle coidd assiii-o them that if tliey -wei'c^ {)leased to 
 sec him, he was doi.-My ph'ased to see them, and was resolved 
 to work with still greater determination and eai-nestness in 
 the pfreat cause of temperance, than he liad ever done hefcro 
 'apj)l{»nse). Time and (;irciimstances bound liim still closer 
 to this cause and ])repar('d him, he ti-usted, with still greater 
 energy of putposc; to carry on the work, which was God's 
 work, and which, abovc^ all othei's, uoultl tend most to the 
 (!levati(jn of our peojjle (hear, hear). >Sinco he was amongst 
 them last lie liad i-oamed, lie might say, througli many lands; 
 lie had seen stranger fnces, but he had also seen many lamiliar 
 faces, who welcomed him with delight — not sim))ly boys of 
 the l{e(no-e jjrown into stalwart nnd honourable men, but 
 numy a ])nor or|)han girl who had had nothing but the streets 
 to face, and many a good mfiii and woman turned out homeless 
 and friemlless Irom the prison walls, whom thi'ough the co- 
 operation of fi'iends he had been able to assist across the 
 ocean, and place in a new and wider s})here of fiction, where 
 there* were abundant opportunities ibr people who desired, by 
 their industry, to gjiin ;in honest livelihood, and to succeed in 
 life. Even little children that could only just toddle about — 
 children of four and five years of age wdio had been saved 
 from the loss of faith and a life of misery — sent their little 
 offerings ol' cents to help other poor little children from 
 Liverpool to the same hapj)}'^ circumstances in which tliey now 
 found themselves (cheers). But above all he had seen and 
 visited nearly everyone of those poor people, whom in 1880 
 he had assisted across the ocean from the wilds of Connemara, 
 where they were in absolute destitution, and suffering all the 
 misery that follows in the train of poverty and abject want. 
 In 1867, from the pulpit of St. Anthony's, and a year later, 
 from the altar of 8t. Patrick's — on both occasions on St. 
 Patrick's Day — he in clear and unmistakable language, said 
 that he never was an advocate of wholesale emigration either 
 to this country or across the ocean from Ireland; and time 
 and circumstances had not changed his opinion (heai*, hear). 
 And to-day he was as much opposed to a system of w'holesale 
 emigration as he was in 1867, wdien his name was used by 
 some of the authorities in a questionable manner — in a manner 
 they had no right to adopt. Ikit in 1880 he saw throughout 
 the length and breadth of the county of Galway what the 
 people were suffering. He had already made his hearers 
 
 3 
 
if; 
 
 K 
 
 m 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 familiar with the coiiditioii of tho districjt of Carna and with 
 
 tlie abject poverty of its people, wlio of)uld find really no 
 
 sabsi-stence on the bind. Ihit tho woi'ds of the parish priest 
 
 at the time would perhaps best illustrate the ease. Ho 
 
 wrote : — " This locality is not tit for human lial)itation. Not 
 
 more than ont>-tliird of the present ])o[)ulation could live, in 
 
 any sort of comfort on the Innd. 'I'lie ])(M)ple hero are and 
 
 always have been, balf naked, half starved. The common 
 
 food now is a mess of Indian meal, ea,table seaweed, nettles 
 
 and dockens boilrd tof-ether, .and thev sav thev cannot jxot 
 
 lialf enouy^h of this. 1 now send you the names of ten 
 
 families, numberirii^ — mark the number — in all eiq-hty- 
 
 sGven souls. They are as poor as Job on the duiiL,diill." Of 
 
 these, continued Father Nui^ent, there was one family 
 
 iiumberiniT iu all eleven. Their condition was, he thought, 
 
 lower in ever}' way than Job's, for tlu; (ndy resting" place or 
 
 bed of the family wns a laru^o s(piaro hole dns^ out of tlii; peat 
 
 or the turfy sod, and lilled with heather. The i-an^s of clothes 
 
 tliey wore were their only coveriuLT by nio'ht and by day. 
 
 They were eleven souls in all ; Father A-^ ; JMother 45 ; 
 
 Alary "Ji; liridi^et 19; Nora 15; Mac'^^'io lo ; and so on 
 
 downwards. This last month he visited the home of this 
 
 family in the outskirts of St. Paul, Minnesota, ^vhich at 
 
 [u'csent is rented at two dollars a week, and already a stock 
 
 of timber had been bought to build a now house. It was 
 
 well stocked ; thei'O were three sacks of fiour and plenty of 
 
 potatoes. What struck him most was the quantity of crockery, 
 
 pans, knives, forks, spoons, and those domestic [ippliances 
 
 which showed that the woman of the house supplied good 
 
 and plentiful meals to the family. She had caught up the 
 
 idea Irom her neighbours of having a comfortable and well 
 
 supplied home for her husband and cliildren. So she could. 
 
 for she had ample means to do it. Her husband had been in 
 
 constant w^ork during the whole year, earning 1 dol. 75 cents 
 
 a day, or 7s. o-hd., or £2 3s. 9d. ])er week, or £118 15s. per 
 
 annum. His eldest d:iughter, ]\Iary, was married and doing 
 
 well; Bridget, 21, and Nora, 17, wxn-e earning 15 dols. each 
 
 per mouth, or together £6 5s. and board, making a total of 
 
 £75 a year; Maggie was earning 10 dols. per month, equal to 
 
 £2 Is. 8d., or £21 Os. per annum; or altogether, £209 15s. 
 
 What a contrast ! — and this in two years — from want and 
 
 beggary to a position of comfort, where the whole family 
 
 could exercise a spirit of self-reliance and self-respect. If 
 
 they remembered in a lecture he once gave from that platform, 
 
 illustrated by dissolving views, he took them round the coast, 
 
 I 
 
4 
 
 from Spiddal t) Curna, Kilkerr.ann, Ronndstonp, into Cli'fden^ 
 and placed beCoro their eyes tho suH'eriiiyfs ol' tiio pt'{)[)lo in 
 each of th€.se Ijcalitics. lie would now give them an (;xamf)lo 
 of a man fron Clilden. 11 (i was r,0 years of age; his wife 
 was 4'j ; and he had live chihlren. Tiiis man was working in 
 Clifden, and often found a diillculty in getting employment. 
 He never earned more than six shillings a week, to suppoi't 
 bis he]})k'Ks family of five children, for though ho had two 
 boys, one IF, a!»d the other If), ho was unable to obtain work 
 for them in the little town of Clifden. llis pitiable condition, 
 with want staring him in the face, drove him to seek relief 
 from that body which is known throughout Connemara as the 
 " Soupers.' Since he settled in St. raul he and his children 
 have never wanted a day's work. He has been in constant 
 work at a dollar and a quarter a day, equal to 5s. lid., or 
 £1 lis. per week, or £80 12s. a year; his eldest boy, now 20, 
 earns 2^ dols., or Ids. 5d.. per day, or £159 5s. per annum ; 
 the Second, IH, 2 dols., or 8s. 4d. per day, or £loO per annum ; 
 the eldest girl, in an hotel, earns 15 dols. per month, with 
 boai'd, or £o6 10s. per annum ; so that this family, tliat never 
 in their lives had more than six shillings a week to live upon, 
 are this day earning in the aggregate £409 7s. per annum. 
 His second girl, 13, is learning to be a dressmaker, and. 
 the thii'd, 11, is at the convent school (applause). This 
 man had already purchased a lot to build his house 
 upon, for which he had paid 500 dols., or over £100, and 
 150 dols. for timber, equal to £ol 5s. Be had arranged 
 ibr the building of a house, which had to cost 800 dols., or 
 £U)t). Let them contrast the present condition of that man, 
 and the prospects of his children, with what they were on the 
 'Jth of June, 1880, when he (Father Nugent) took him by the 
 hand, the night before they sailed from Galway. In an abject, 
 penniless condition, this man and his wife dogged his steps 
 through the streets, begging of him for the love of God to 
 give them a couple of shillings to buy a pairof slioes for their 
 barefooted little girl, who was now attending the convent 
 school in St. Paul, and as well dressed and with as comfortable 
 an appearance as the first merchant's child in the town of 
 Galway (loud applause). Proceeding, Father Nugent said : 
 And if I, as a priest, saw this family in such an abject condi- 
 tion, where is my humanity if I did not assist them ? Of 
 what avail to me are the words of that God Who says: "Feed 
 the hungry, clothe the naked, harbou;' tho harbourless ? " 
 Four times during the last four years have 1 journeyed across 
 the ocean to see these lands and those who have gone to themj 
 
 I 
 
 T- 
 
CUfdeu, 
 
 joplo ill 
 
 (xaniplo 
 
 [lis wife 
 
 k'n\rr in 
 
 )yniL'nt;, 
 
 support 
 
 ad two 
 
 n work 
 
 uditioTi, 
 
 ik relief 
 
 a as the 
 
 iliildren 
 
 on.staut 
 
 '2d., or 
 
 low 20, 
 
 iiuiuni ; 
 
 aiirmni ; 
 
 th, with 
 
 it never 
 
 e upon, 
 
 annum. 
 
 er, and 
 
 This 
 
 house 
 
 )0, and 
 
 •ranged 
 
 ols,, or 
 
 it man, 
 
 on the 
 
 by the 
 
 abjecty 
 
 s steps 
 
 jrod to 
 
 )r their 
 
 onvent 
 
 brtable 
 
 own of 
 
 said : 
 
 condi- 
 
 ? Of 
 
 " Feed 
 
 ess ? " 
 
 across 
 
 them; 
 
 jr 
 
 and T think that most men who know mo in Liver|iool, if thoy 
 hiivo the honesty to confess it, know that I am a practical 
 man ; that I an^ no dreamer ; that I know the value of a six- 
 pence ; but that still I am a priest, and have ever shown 
 myself to bo a minister of reliLcion. No one can ever point 
 tiie finger at me and sfiy that 1 have over disgi-aced the cloth 
 that I wear, or that I Inive over been wanting in showini,'' to 
 our down-trodden and snlfering people, not sinijtly sympathy 
 from the lips, but the warm alfeetion of tlu^ heart. Have I 
 not made myself a beggar in their service ? (loud and pro- 
 longed applause). Ladies and gentlemen, I want simply to 
 state facts. I am not here for the purpose of deftmding my 
 own character ; my character, I trust, wants no defence, 
 either from myself or from any other man. A man who has 
 tviivi to do good, and to benefit his fellow-creatures, may get 
 plenty of praise, but he is not worthy of the character of a 
 man or a minister of religion if he is not prepared to accept 
 blame even from good and well-intentioned people (applause). 
 Ilo could, he said, give them a dozen examples of the improve- 
 Tiient that had been effected in the condition of these Conne- 
 mara emigrants whom he had sent out. However, let him 
 give them one more out of that group. This was the case of 
 a man with ton children, the four eldest being daughters. 
 'J' wo of the girls had, from the first day that Bishop Ireland 
 put them into an hotel, been earning 14 dols. per month ; two 
 others were earning 12 dols. per month, making together 
 i'lO 10s. 8d. per month, or £120 19s. per annum, equal to an 
 average of ii32 9s. Gd. a year with board and lodging. This 
 man had been able to take contracts for road-making, digging 
 foundations, wall-building, and such like. He had now a 
 house and lot worth 1,200 dols., or £250. He sent for his son 
 last year ; this son was a sort of mason, and had already paid 
 500 dols., or over £100, for a lot to build a house upon. Con- 
 tinuing, the Rev. president said : But let me give you a case 
 that comes nearer home — one from our own doors. There has 
 been a system of emigration going on for many years, which 
 I look upon, and have always denounced, as most fatal and 
 ruinous to the Irish race ; destructive alike of faith and virtue 
 — that is, emigration to the large and overcrowded towns of 
 England. We have in every town in the North of England 
 more people than can possibly find work. What proportion 
 of the labouring classes in this town have constant work for 
 six days in the week ? There are hundreds, yea, thousands 
 of men along the line of docks who do not get, on an average, 
 four days work a week all the year round. But it is not men 
 
6 
 
 wifli llicir families that, T rof(»r to, but to tlie condition ofTrisli 
 gii Is liiii.,iiit^^ friendlesH and nni»r()to(3t(!(i, in siicli a town as 
 tliis. I have Unown diiriiiL,'" tin? last eiixhtjuin niontliR of'acMisc 
 wlirri! 17 gii'ls landed tVoni tluj sarno town in Ireland, havinj^ 
 hiul flieir passairo paid by Honio good persons, <'ind ilvo 
 sliilliiigs «;ivt!n tlioni in theif pockets; tlu^y weire coniinendud 
 to no person, but depended upon clumce. What danj^ers, 
 what temptations, must they not have been exposed to! 'rhese 
 simple, inexperienced girls imagined that tlu^y luul only to huid 
 in Liverpool and they could at, once walk into a situation. A 
 number of this group, in absolute want, without n fricmd or a 
 shelter, stood jirouiul my door one moi'uing to tell their tale 
 of woe, and the still moi-e sorrowful tate of some of their 
 companions. Several girls who landed in this town without 
 a fjuthing in tlu'ir poekets, all their wardrolx! being tied up in 
 a little pocket-handkerchief, are now in situations in the 
 Western Stat(>s beyond St. Paul, earning 15 or liO dollars si, 
 month, or .I'lJ? lUs. and £48 a year. Gii-ls that have been 
 rescued lro!u imminent danger, or a life of vice iind misery on 
 the streets of this town, who are well and comfortably married, 
 and instead of roaming along our thoroughfares without a 
 (lri\ss on their backs or a boTm(!t on their hends, are as 
 elegantly dressed as ladies could well be — one especially from 
 Maryboue, with a mantle which cost oetween six and seven 
 guineas, and a husband by her side that any woman listening 
 to me might bo proud of. There are a class of girls in Liver- 
 pool whom I have more than once referred to from this phit- 
 foim — dressmakers, workers in the lai'go cloak and manthi 
 rooms, shirt makers, assistants in the lai'go dra))ery establish- 
 ments. They are a class that work hard and are very badly 
 ])aid ; they have long hours, bad air, and very scanty food. 
 How nnist a i;irl fare who has only six, eight, ten, or twelve 
 shillings per week, to pay her lod<^ing and clothe herself with ? 
 Oh, the struggles these girls nnisfc make against temptation! 
 Some few months ago, in June, a fine intelligent Irish girl 
 came to me and told me lier sad story. She was the daughter 
 of a once well-to-do Irish farmer; her father and mother 
 were both dead; she had learned the dressmaking, and came 
 friendless to Liverpool to ply her trade. After considerable 
 difficulty she got into one of our large establishments, in n 
 busy tiioroughfare in this town, at I'is. per week. But she 
 was obliged to lodge with the forewoman, to whom she paid 
 eight shillings per week for lodgiug and washing. She had 
 four shillings a week left to feed and clothe herself. What a 
 struggle for a virtuous girl for existence! Ah, and what a 
 
 
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 lation. A 
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 ,0 dollars a, 
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 1 misery on 
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 without a 
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 in lifiteninf^ 
 Is in Liver- 
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 ^eanty food. 
 1, or twelve 
 rself with? 
 :emptation ! 
 t Irish girl 
 ,he daughter 
 and mother 
 g, and came 
 considerable 
 ments, in a 
 k. But she 
 om she paid 
 (T. She had 
 T\{\ What it 
 . and what a 
 
 Rtrnggh^ foi* a fine, elegant, and well-spoken giil, to withstand 
 the many snareH that beset her, as she often hnnu'ercd for 
 bread, and felt the nij)ping cold winter wind, as sIio went homi» 
 HO thinly elad. I lent that girl money, amounting to about 
 iJb), to buy herself clothes, and provided ix-r with an ocean 
 and a railway tiek(!t to a city in America. vShe found licr way 
 to relatives who are in afHueiuje, wlio received her with open 
 arms, and she is now in a sit'iation where she is earning as a 
 beginning L'li p<'r wiM'k, and is at the sanu; tiuK! surrounded 
 by friends who hold the very first ])laet^ in .i westcirn city. 
 ^h\\y imagine the delight of that girl when I called upon her, 
 and with whalr'sincere pride did she introduce me to her rich 
 an<l well-to-do relativ(>s. Oh, if a man lias had the consola- 
 tion it has been my lot to feel in almost every city I havi^ tra- 
 velled through, he may bear any amount of misrc^presiuitation — 
 or real opi)()sitioTi. I have had to bear misrepresentation ; but, 
 before Goil, 1 have the consciousness of knowinijf that diu'in'j" 
 ihe last twelve years I have rescued huiulreds from tht^ danger 
 of a lite of crime and degradation (cheers). I apj)eal to yon, 
 then, and f ask,-- -Is there any man or woman listi'ning to mo 
 that disappi'oves of such emigration? (''No"). Not only 
 stretching out a hand to save a young and innocent girl from 
 the temptations which are inseparable from shop life, with 
 long hours, scant tbod, and bad pay, but placing lur in the; 
 midst of relatives, where she is in (joniparative alUuence, and 
 with opportunities of succeeding in life which sin; could never 
 hope lor in this town of Liverpool 'applause). Ladies ami 
 gentlemen, i have sulliciently o('cnj)ied your time already, but^ 
 I feel that whilst [ have been giving you fi little outline of 
 some of the cases that I have come; in contact with, and of 
 persons that I have kiiown in far dilferent circumstances, you 
 would like to know something more of that western country, 
 and that you and your children should know about, instead of 
 wasting your lives in this city, vvher(i ther-e is little bread for 
 yourselves and few opportunities t'or your children. 1 may 
 have on some future occasion the opportunity of speaking to 
 you freely and openly, and from the heart, notsim[)ly as your 
 friend and guides, but speaking to you as your father, and as 
 one who has your l)est interests at heart (applause). There 
 are a number of the members of the League Veterans here 
 to-night: and to them I would say it was a pleasure to me, 
 when I addressed a larLre mixed audience of the Citizens' 
 League of St. Paul and Minneapolis, in St. Paul, ami also 
 when Mr. A. M. Sullivan — (applause)— gave an address on 
 temperance, to see the Cross of the League figuring not simply 
 
8 
 
 in men's button-holes, bu6 on the breasts of several women. 
 The Lea^'-ue of the Cross is planted over there, and onr men 
 are doin^ well. They have not only built their own little 
 home m St. Paul, but have pui-chased one out in Graeeville, 
 where they intend trying their fortune on land in a more en- 
 larged way than they have opportunities for in the city. Some 
 of you have no doubt hoard a great deal about Manitoba, and 
 probably you would like to know a little more about it. I 
 made my way to the North- West, whither there is now such 
 a tide of immigration, not simjjly from Europe, but from every 
 part of Canada. I found Winnipeg a vast and thriving city. 
 All was bustle and activity ; there was scarcely any passing 
 on the side-walks ; the price of land had run up to fabulous 
 sums. I was walking along, when a man in his shii-t-sleeves 
 ran out, shouting, "Hello! Father Nugent ; is that you ? " 
 I said, " Pray, sir, who are you? " lie said, " i\ly name is 
 
 ," and I immediately recognized him as a person 
 
 from this neighbourhood. We got chatting, and he told me 
 that he and his children were doing right well. He said. 
 " Father Nutrent, do you see that bit of land here ? " " Yes." 
 " It belongs to an English blacksmith ; it is only forty feet 
 frontage. He has been here only a few years. How much 
 do you think he wanis for it ? Well, he won't take less than 
 forty thousand dollars for it." " Foity thousand dollars ! A 
 thousand dollars a foot ! Why, that's £200 a foot. Why, 
 that is dearer than the land in the best part of Castle-street, 
 i I Liverpool." I wish some of my friends who are now 
 listening to me had gone out four years ago, when I advised 
 them. With their spirit and enterprise they would have been 
 rich men before this. The official report of the crops in 
 ]\lanitoba says that all crops are good in the North- West. 
 The average yield of wheat is 82 bushels to the acre ; the 
 largest yield is 104 bushels to two acres ; oats average 44 
 bushels ; barley, 85 bushels ; roots, from 250 to 500 bushels ; 
 peas, 25 bushels ; the average yield of potatoes is 274 bushels 
 to the acre, the largest yield reported being 400 bushels raised 
 on half an acre of sod of first breaking. The hay crop is 
 heavy. This report is copied from the ISt. Paul Pioneer Press, 
 Oct. 14. Put this evening I received a letter from the Arch- 
 bishop of St. lk)niface, whose guest I was whilst in Manitoba. 
 He has spent nearly the whole of his life in Manitoba, and, I 
 should say, there is no living man that has travelled over more 
 of the country than he has, or who knows it better. And 
 knowing the interest I take in the subject, having spoken to 
 him on the matter, I received this letter from him this evening : — 
 
9 
 
 -^eral women, 
 nd our men 
 ir own little 
 1 Graneville, 
 1 a more en- 
 3 city. Some 
 anitoba, and 
 about it. I 
 is now such 
 t from every 
 briving- city, 
 any passing 
 to fabulous 
 shirt-slueves 
 that you ? " 
 Sly name is 
 as a person 
 he told me 
 1. He said. 
 ?" "Yes." 
 y forty feet 
 How much 
 ve less than 
 dollars ! A 
 bot. Why, 
 iastle-street, 
 
 are now 
 n I advised 
 
 1 have been 
 le crops in 
 
 orth-West. 
 
 e acre ; the 
 
 average 44 
 
 bushels ; 
 274 bushels 
 sliels raised 
 lay crop is 
 oncer Press, 
 
 1 ihe Arch- 
 Manitoba. 
 
 ioba, and, I 
 over more 
 iter. And 
 f spoken to 
 evening: — 
 
 fji- 
 
 St. Boniface, Manitoba, 2oth Oct., 1882. 
 
 Rev. and Dear Father Nugent, — I take the liberty to address you the 
 following remarks with regard to a certain pamphlet which has been 
 published in the United States, and is, I am told, largely circulated in 
 England. You take an interest in directing emigration towards Manitoba, 
 and, as the publication I allude to is of a nature to debar your generous 
 elTorts, you may like to know my views on the matter. The pamphlet 
 Bays : " The climate of Manitoba consists of seven months of Arctic 
 winter and five months of cold weather." This I could understand from 
 a man inhabiting the torrid zone, but I confess it is perfectly unintelli- 
 gible when written in, and to praise, the Dakota Territory, United States. 
 Here in Manitoba, as well as in Dakota, the winter is pretty severe, but 
 our summer, on the contrary, is very warm ; so much so, that Europeans 
 have repeatedly stated that they find it hotter than in the British Islands. 
 For my part, after thirty-seven years of experience, I find the season 
 more pleasant in Manitoba than in any other country I have seen. 
 Your personal experience of our climate is, unhappily, limited to two 
 short visits to Manitoba, but you have seen with your own eyes the mag- 
 nificent products of our rich soil, and you are surely satisfied, as I am, 
 that such a result could not be obtained if wo had no summer. The 
 writer of the pamphlet, who endeavours to depreciate Manitoba, seems 
 to be no better acquainted with our geographical position than with our 
 climate when he says : " Rivers which flow west, eastward tributaries to 
 this Red River, all rise in the Rocky Mountains." The fact is that there 
 is no connection whatever between our Red River and any stream flowing 
 from the Rocky IMountains. So the graphic description given of floods 
 originating in the Rocky Mountains, " which annuaUy desolate Manitoba, 
 and keep the people who have been coaxed into it, anxious, poor, and 
 sick," has no application here. Everyone who has visited our country 
 knows that anxiety, poverty, and sickness are not the characteristics of 
 our population. Although our Red River does not flow from the Reeky 
 Mountains, still its rise has sometimes caused damage, but nothing 
 beyond what we hear from countries the least afflicted in that respect. 
 The records of this country mention three overflowings of the Red River. 
 The first in 182G, the second in 1852, and the third in 180 1. But to 
 complete the information I may add that the same Red River has flooded 
 oftener at some points where it divides the State of Minnesota from 
 Dakota Territory, and at such points I know of three floods against one 
 near Winnipeg. We are told in the same pamphlet that in the spring 
 — and it gives to understand every spring — " the ice dams at and around 
 Winnipeg are a vast obstruction like a mountain barrier. The water 
 sets back and covers all the surrounding country." This is merely a 
 fiction. The oldest resident of Manitoba never saw nor heard of any- 
 tiiiug of the like. If we can trust — and I am sure we can — the news- 
 papers published in the portion of Dakota traversed by the MisHouri, 
 describing the flood there in 1881, it is evident that the pamphlet gives 
 a just idea of the disasters caused by a mighty river which, as well as 
 many of its " tributaries, rises in the Rocivy Mountains." The sole error 
 of the pamphleteer on tbis point lies in the fact that such a river is to be 
 found in Dakota Tcrritr^ry, and not in Manitoba. May God guard us 
 against such an awful visitation. Dear F.ather, you know what I told 
 you when I had the pleasure of your visit, and you will easily understand 
 that my object is not to depreciate the advantages offered by the Dakota 
 Territory, but merely to repudiate inaccurate statements referring to 
 Manitoba and the Canadian North- West. Kind Providence baa donei 
 
10 
 
 for this part of the Canariian posfiessioTis at least as much as for the 
 neighbouring State and Territories. So I will surprise nobody who 
 knows the country in stating that our co-British subjecjta who arowiUing 
 to emigrate from their native land ought to prefer coming to Manitoba 
 and the Canadian North-West. — I remain, with deep respect and esteem, 
 lleverend and Dear Father, faithfully yours, 
 
 •^ Alexander, Archbishop of St. Boniface. 
 
 I am sure, ladies and gentlemen, you will forgive me for 
 having occupied so much of your time ; and while I have 
 expressed my own views so freely on this subject of such deep 
 interest, I may further add that if I can give you privately 
 any advice or assistance in my power, I will willingly do so. 
 I only wish I had £1,000 or i>2,000— I would at once help 
 out of this city 500 or 1,000 girls, and put them in a position 
 in Canada where they could not only really show their woman- 
 hood and their Christianity, but where they would be an 
 honour to their race and the creed which they profess (loud 
 cheers). 
 
 (From the Stochport ''Advertiser'' of Nov. 17th, 1882.) 
 
 LECTURE BY DR. MACGREGOR. 
 
 On Monday night Dr. Macgre^^-or addressed a crowded 
 audience in the lari2:e room of the school on "Through Canada 
 and the Great North-West, with the Marquis of Lome." The 
 chair was occupied by the Mayor (Mr. James Leigh). 
 
 Dr. Macgregor, who was received with hearty applause, 
 said that a year last June, when sitting at Lambeth with the 
 Venerable Archbishop of Canterbury, he got a cablegram 
 from His Excellency the Governor- General of Canada, " Are 
 you coming ? " It did not take him long to consider the 
 answer which he should give to the message, and that 
 answer was the word "Yes." He must admit that he had an 
 idea of what the " Are yor coming ? " meant. The journey 
 he performed with the Mai-quis of Lome and others by rail- 
 road and water was no less than a jouiney of 8,054 miles, and 
 truly it was an interestinci;- journey. While sitting recently at 
 the residence of the Mayor, with Mr. Shaw, the American 
 Consul at Manchester, they were talking about Canada, and 
 Mr. Shaw took the opportunity to remark that one day or 
 other Canada would be annexed to the United States. He at 
 once said that he did not believe it; and supposing that it 
 ever came to pass, the position would be reversed — the United 
 States would have to be annexed to Canada — which was much 
 bigger than the United States. But this was all by the wny. 
 He would now cor"? to the lecture, and how should he be«/in? 
 He might commence with the voyage Jroni Liverpool to 
 
11 
 
 IS for the 
 body who 
 iro wilHng 
 Manitoba 
 id esteem, 
 
 oniface. 
 
 > me for 
 ) I have 
 ich deep 
 privately 
 y do so. 
 nee help 
 position 
 ' woraan- 
 d be an 
 ;ss (loud 
 
 1882.) 
 
 crowded 
 
 i Canada 
 
 ." The 
 
 pplause, 
 with the 
 iblegram 
 a, " Are 
 lider the 
 nd that 
 e had an 
 journey 
 ! by raiU 
 iles, and 
 [iently at 
 imerican 
 ada, and 
 ; day or 
 , lie at 
 (f that it 
 e United 
 as mucli 
 tlie wny. 
 e beyin ? 
 rpool 10 
 
 f 
 
 Quebec, in that magnificent line of steamers — the Allan ; — or 
 he might start with Quebec, French in look, French in 
 language, and French in smell ; — or he might begin at Nova 
 Scotia. For his purpose that night he would start at Nova 
 Suotia, and, as he intended the address to be of a practical 
 and useful character, he should not aim at anything of a 
 specially descriptive character. Dr. Macgregor then dwelt on 
 the beauty of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, rem rking 
 incidentally that one of the great objects of His Excellency 
 the Governor-General was to see with his own eyes what the 
 Great North-West really was. In this journey they sailed 
 over the great inland seas, and sometimes had an Indian Bow 
 Wow, composed of 3,000 persons. He should speak of the 
 land as a place for emigration, and as offering advantages to 
 the hard-working man. Throughout the journey tea was the 
 chief drink. Tea morning, afternoon, and evening ; in fact, 
 they drank oceans of tea. Dr. Macgregor referred in graphic 
 language to the incidents of a three days' sail in Indian 
 canoes over the Central Lakes, and the arrival of the party at 
 Winnipeg, the young capital of Manitoba. The portion of 
 the journey then traversed was 2,o00 miles, and yet, in a sense, 
 they were only at the commencement. He had been asked 
 by a lady what struck him most in his Canadian tour, and 
 the answer he made was that so splendid and so fertile a 
 country should have remained so long unknown to the world. 
 That stuck in his gizzard all the while he was travelling in 
 the country. They were, however, not going to abuse the old 
 maxim, De mortuis nil nisi bonum. If another lady had 
 asked him what was the next thing he was struck with in 
 that journey, he should have answered the raasfnificent 
 distances. For 2,500 miles from one point to near Winnipeg 
 it was everlasting forest, and then 1,000 miles of everlasting 
 grass, and then for 400 miles, on to the Pacific Ocean, it was 
 everlasting hills. Dwelling on the water system, he said that 
 when certain water-ways were constructed, steamers would be 
 able to leave Liverpool and sail right on without breaking 
 bulk, to Lake Superior and the very heart of the American 
 Continent. Here was Winnipeg, a place that was a desert a few 
 years ago, which in this blessed year of 1882 had unbroken 
 steam communication of 1,500 miles. They could sail from 
 Winnipeg to the heart of the Continent for 1.500 miles. Such 
 was a little of the water communication of Canada. In alluding 
 to the soil, climate, and general character of the North-West 
 Territory, he said that it seemed certain that at no distant day 
 a greater portion of the district would be the granary of the 
 
12 
 
 world, and the future home of many of the human race. 
 Manitoba had 2,500,000 square miles, and 200,000,000 acres 
 of fertile land. If there were any farmers present, that 
 statement would have special interest for them. As an idea 
 of the magnificent distances, he might mention that on one 
 occasion he saw a driver of a team starting on a journey, and 
 on being asked how long it would take, he replied, " Oh, 
 three or four months." Of the amazing fertility of Manitoba, 
 and the country to the west, there was no more doubt than it 
 could be doubted that he was addressing a Stockport audience ; 
 and as an instance of how the population was fast settling in 
 that region, he might mention that recently he had received 
 a letter from His Excellency the Governor-General of Canada, 
 stating that since the visit of which he now spoke had been 
 made, over 80,000 people had settled there. It was worth 
 notice that the first settlers were Canadians, of whom there 
 had been a rush to Manitoba, and there was not one of them 
 who had expressed, so far as he could tell, his regret at having 
 left Ontario for the measureless meadows of Manitoba. On 
 the contrary, considerable satisfaction was expressed at the 
 change they had made, and loud were their praises of the land 
 and its fertility. Here the lecturer read some extracts from 
 letters contributed to the Scotsman of the general character of 
 the district, and then went on to remark that the thought which 
 struck him on visiting the spot was, why should not this land 
 be known, vowing that if God spared him, he would let it be 
 known wherever his voice could be heard. Why should the 
 poor farmer be ground down in this country with his wretched 
 soil, when he could better his position by sailing for the great 
 North- West ? There was nothing between them but a little 
 strip of water, and he pooh-poohed the idea that there was 
 any great danger in crossing the Atlantic. As for himself, 
 when he arrived at Liverpool from Canada, he really wished 
 that he could go back again. After quoting from Harper^s 
 Magazine and the Scotsman, statistics showing the enormous 
 yield of wheat, barley, oats, potatoes, &c., per acre, as com- 
 pared with the yield of other soils, he said that there was no 
 doubt that the amazing fertility of the North- West was due ro 
 the fact of the frost penetrating to such great depth. As to 
 the soil itself, it was a black stuS", and when wet was heavy, 
 and something like tar. Another item for farmers. In 
 Winnipeg he had seen a field on which wheat had been grown 
 without manure for 50 years. There was no manure pat near 
 it ; it was lying in the roads. Perhaps it was only fair to add 
 that it was allowed to lie fallow every seven years, but still 
 
f 
 
 \^'. 
 
 c'A 
 
 1 
 
 in race. 
 )0 acres 
 tit, that 
 an idea 
 on one 
 ey, and 
 d, '' Oh, 
 anitoba, 
 than it 
 udience ; 
 ttling in 
 received 
 Canada, 
 ad been 
 is worth 
 im there 
 of them 
 it having 
 >ba. On 
 d at the 
 the land 
 Lcts from 
 ,racter of 
 ht which 
 this land 
 let it be 
 ould the 
 ivretched 
 'he great 
 t a little 
 lere was 
 himself, 
 7 wished 
 Harper*s 
 normous 
 as com- 
 was no 
 as due to 
 As to 
 3 heavy, 
 3rs. In 
 n grown 
 put near 
 ir to add 
 but still 
 
 13 
 
 the fact remained that for 50 years no manure had been used. 
 As to the climate, perhaps the impressions and the expcrionces 
 of a traveller like himself were of little value. He was in tlie 
 country at the best season of the year, and in the most 
 favourable circumstances, of course. But allow him to say 
 that never since he came into this planet, and he had travelled 
 a great deal, had he enjoyed so long an unbroken period of 
 glorious weather as he did in the North-West. He had never 
 experienced such delightful weather. Of the winter he knew 
 nothing, and there was no doubt that it was very severe. 
 There must be no blinking that fact ; on the other hand, tlio 
 evidence of some of the settlers was that they preferred the 
 winter climate of Manitoba to the winter climate of Ontui'io. 
 It was the health of the people that they had to look at, and 
 the evidence on this point was that the climate was particularly 
 suited to the Anglo-Saxon race. There was no doubt of the 
 fact that the climate generally of Canada was more suited to 
 Anglo-Saxon constitution than any other. They did not get 
 that dry herring look of the Yankee. The men and women 
 were red, fat, and rosy, just as they were in Stockport, and 
 that was saying a great deal. When he saw a thorough 
 American he always thought that there was a tendency to 
 resume the Red Indian type. (Laughter and applause.) But 
 to come to the practical point of the address, the real question 
 was, how was the poor man to get to this favoured land P 
 The question was a very serious one, and in speaking to them 
 that night, he was not domg so as the agent for the Dominion, 
 or on behalf of any emigration society, from whom he would 
 perhaps get more kicks than halfpence ; his sole desire was to 
 point others to that which he had seen with Lis own eyes. 
 Any man or woman could go from Liverpool to Winnipeg, at 
 the present time, at from £9 6b. to £10 6s., and he would 
 here distinctly say that those who have not pluck, and who 
 were not prepared to stand the hardships — and there were 
 hardships at the outset — had better stay at home. He did 
 not undertake to advise anyone to go out — he was not prepared 
 to take the responsibilities of any advice tendered on the 
 matter. In all the applications made to him he generally 
 said, "Please yourself; what I say is this — I have seen the 
 land, and it is there for nothing ; rich soil is there, and the 
 man who is to sow it will make a rich harvest." That really 
 was all he said ; he wished every man to do the best for him- 
 self. The best classes to go out wero the young, and those in 
 the prime of life, who had been used to agriculture. Femah; 
 domestic servants were much in demand, and he saw that 
 
14 
 
 there was a company started in Manitoba to protect females 
 goin^ out. In a short time a complete survey would be made, 
 and that would be of immense advantage to settlers. 
 Instances of the laying out of townships were illustrated by 
 the lecturer by maps. Manitoba, he said, boasted a school 
 system as good as Ontario, which boasted that it boat the 
 world — (laughter)— so that the future settlers need have no 
 fear foi* the education of their children. The largest owner of 
 land was the Government. Every head of a family, male or 
 female, could obtain a free grant of a quarter section, and 
 thus become the owner of 160 acres, and ail that at the cost 
 of the registration fee — about £2. Anyone getting these IGO 
 acres had the first chance of the next section, for hich he 
 paid 8s. or 1 Os. an acre, according to the position of it, and 
 the sum in question was to be paid at the end of three years 
 from the day of entry. He thought he had kept the audience 
 quite long enough, with the facts he had given them. There 
 was only one other thing, and it was this — there were many 
 people in the country who were precluded from taking 
 advantage of the opportunities afforded, because they were 
 unable to pay the money for emigration. What the land 
 needed was sober and industrious heads of households ; and 
 he well knew that the home and the association of people 
 often prevented many from taking the journey they otherwise 
 would do. What he would do, would be to get people to go 
 from certain districts here o certain districts there, and in 
 this way they could keep up the old home conditions and 
 associations. That could only be done by colonizing 
 companies, and they would benefit old England and Canada 
 as well. (Applause.) 
 
 The Chairman said that he was sure that they had all 
 enjoyed the lecture, and their thanks were due to Mr. Bayley 
 and Mr. Peter Walker for getting the lecturer down to Stock- 
 port. He must say that the lecture had been very tantalising 
 to him. (Laughter.) Dr. Macgregor had painted a glorious 
 picture, and had given them visions of beauty which they would 
 dream about. Still it would be only a dream, and on the 
 morrow they would have again to turn to the stern realities 
 of the life they were tied to in Stockport. They were trying 
 to make the town more prosperous in the future than it had 
 been in the past, and looking at the matter in that sense, he 
 did not know whether Dr. Macgregor had come there as a 
 friend or foe. (Laughter.) He did not know whether or not 
 Pr. Macgregor had some grand scheme by which he would 
 take them all over to this beautiful place, but if he had, 
 
 pel 
 scl 
 
'4 
 
 females 
 made, 
 tettlers. 
 bted by 
 school 
 uat the 
 ave no 
 vuer of 
 lale or 
 and 
 10 cost 
 se 100 
 ich he 
 it, and 
 B 3X»ars 
 idienee 
 There 
 many 
 taking 
 were 
 3 hind 
 and 
 people 
 erwise 
 to go 
 md in 
 IS and 
 nizing 
 'anada 
 
 ad all 
 Jay ley 
 5tock- 
 lising 
 jrious 
 fvould 
 Q the 
 ilities 
 rying 
 'j had 
 36, he 
 ! as a 
 r not 
 rould 
 had, 
 
 15 
 
 perhaps he would pay them a visit again and devolope the 
 Rcliome. (Laughter.) 
 
 Mr. Hayley said that after the lecture they hf»,d heard that 
 ni<''ht, and the very able service rendered to tlie town, ho was 
 snro that the audience would pass a hearty vote of thanks to 
 i)r. Macgrcgor. (Hear, hear.) 
 
 Mr. VV. Leigh, in seconding the resolution, said that they 
 were not all farmers and domestic servants, but he hoped that 
 the beautiful picture which had been drawn would not have 
 the effect of emptying the town so much dreaded by the 
 M ayor. ( Laughter. ) 
 
 Mr. Heginbotham could not approve of all said by the 
 lecturer. It might suit the young to go to Canada, which he 
 believed was one of the finest climates in the world; but ho 
 thought that it would hardly suit them on that platform to go 
 across the ocean and enjoy the beautiful things which the 
 doctor had foreshadowed. (Hear, hear.) 
 
 The resolution was passed with hearty acclamation. 
 
 Dr. Macgregor, in replying to the vote, said that he was 
 exceedingly indebted to the Mayor and the other gentlemen 
 there for taking part in the vote of thanks, and to the ladies 
 and gentlemen of the audience for so heartily according them. 
 If they thought that he had been blowing the trumpet of 
 (.anada loudly, he could only say that when he got back to 
 Kdinburgh he should blow the trumpet of Stockport just as 
 loudly. (iTear, hear.) He had only one grievance — gentlemen 
 on the platform seemed to indicate that he was trying to coax 
 those on the platform to go out to Canada. Now, if they had 
 been listening as attentively as the audience, they would have 
 foimd that they were just the class he advised to stay at home. 
 (Hoars of laughter.) 
 
 The Chairman : Dr. Macgregor has got out of the scrape 
 with the usual adroitness of a Scotchman. (Laughter.) 
 
 The lecture, which was delivered in a telling, pleasing style, 
 proved most entertaining, as well as interesting, and was 
 listened to with close attention. 
 
 From the FREEMAN'S JOURNAL, Dublin, 7th June, 1882. 
 
 THE QUESTION OF EMIGRATION. 
 
 TO THE EDITOR OF THE " FREEMAN." 
 
 Dublin, June 5th. 
 Mr. Editor, — I am interrogated on all sides concerning 
 Canada by persons wishing to emigrate. I would feel much 
 obliged and relieved if you would kindly publish in your ex- 
 cellent journal my answer to all. 
 
ill 
 
 16 
 
 T. T would not nndertako to adviflo anyone to leave Ireland 
 who could live in it in moderate comfort, except, indeed, 
 parents having largo families, who see nothing in the future 
 for their children bat poverty or emigration individually. 
 
 II. The Caiholio Church in Canada is in a very prosperous 
 condition. Priests and Churches are to be found everywhere 
 throughout the country, and Catholic education is on a better 
 footing than in the United States, where Catholics are obliged 
 to support by their taxes the common or irreligious schools, as 
 also to keep up their own at great expense. 
 
 In Canada this is not the case. Catholic taxes go to 
 Catholic schools, wherever Catholics are numerous enough to 
 establish them, and Catholics also receive for their schools the 
 per capifa bonus from the general fund. 
 
 The Government is Home Rule, such as the Government 
 and Parliament of Canada, in its recent address to the Queen, 
 desired should be granted to Ireland. The address assured 
 her Majesty that the Irish in Canada were amongst the most 
 prosperous and loyal in the country. In our mind, Canada is 
 the freest and best governed country in the world, and the 
 people are happy. 
 
 The climate of Upper Canada, or Ontario (the English- 
 speaking portion), is temperate. It is the same as the northern 
 portion of the State of New York. The everlasting snow of 
 Canada is a myth. Toronto is on the meridian of Florence, 
 in Italy, and resembles its heat in summer, but the winter, 
 with the exception of a few days occasionally, is not colder 
 than in Ireland. 
 
 The soil is very fertile, almost as fertile for wheat, potatoes, 
 and other vegetables as Ireland, and excellent for raising cattle. 
 
 The wages for farm hands are as good as in the United 
 States. Wages for mechanics generally not so good, except 
 in Manitoba, where wages are enormous ; but living is cheaper 
 in Canada than in the United States. 
 
 The lands in Ontario are mostly taken up by old settlers, who 
 are selling out their improvements to new comers at a fair price. 
 
 The lands in Manitoba and the North- West — an unlimited 
 territory formerly occupied by the Hudson Bay Company — 
 are thrown on the market for homesteads and for sale. 
 
 The Government has reserved a large portion of land for 
 homesteads — of 160 acres — for actual settlers, who pay only 
 a few dollars for surveying fees. 
 
 The climate of Manitoba and the North- West is very cold 
 in the winter, but the people are well prepared for it. Besides, 
 the air, being free from moisture, is not so penetrating as in 
 
 I 
 
 aib 
 
! 
 
 Ireland 
 , in deed, 
 ho future 
 ally. 
 
 rosporous 
 erywhere 
 1 a better 
 e obliged 
 chools, as 
 
 es go to 
 lough to 
 lools the 
 
 s^ernment 
 le Queen, 
 s assured 
 the most 
 /anadu is 
 and the 
 
 English- 
 northern 
 ; snow of 
 Florence, 
 e winter, 
 ot colder 
 
 potatoes, 
 tig cattle, 
 e United 
 I, except 
 } cheaper 
 
 lers, who 
 air price, 
 nlimited 
 npany — 
 
 I, 
 
 land for 
 'ay only 
 
 ery cold 
 Besides, 
 ug as in 
 
 ^$ 
 
 17 
 
 Ireland, whore the port's of the body are kept open by the 
 humid atmosphere. The soil is, in most places, cxfeptioiially 
 fertile. \ have tr}ivelle<l thron<,di the country, and was 
 astonished at the s'v/.o of the potatoes and vof^fofablcs. The 
 winter is long, but the vegetation is very rapid, and the crops 
 ripen comparatively soon. The coimtry is tilling up very 
 rapidity with inhabitants, many of v/hom sold out in Ontario, 
 to liavo homesteads for their children. I have found Irish 
 evorywhorc! and prospering. The Government of Cmada is 
 also selling its lands to companies who are placing settlers on 
 them, who in years to come repay the companies for any 
 advances of cash made to them for building houses, tilling a 
 stnfill portion of land to help the new settler to commence, 
 and advancing provisions till the new crop should enable the 
 farmer and his family to live. The Canadian Governmtmt 
 very kindly gave a certain number of townships for emigra- 
 tion purposes to a company, of which the Most Uev. Dr. 
 Tache, Archbishop in the North-West, myself, and a few others 
 are directors. These lands are situated in the North-West, and 
 tire very fertile, but the company is not yet prepared to make 
 advances in cash. The Government of Canada gives to per- 
 sons who wish to emigrate to Canada, and remain there, a 
 large advance on the passage-money. — Thanking you, ^Ir. 
 Editor, in advance, — 1 am, yours very faithfully, 
 
 -^ JOHN JOSEPH LYNCH, 
 Archbishop of Toronto. 
 
 EMIGRATION TO CANADA. 
 
 Extract from the DAILY EXPRESS, Dublin, Oct. 20, 1882. 
 
 The fact that emigration must play an important part in 
 the solution of what is called the Irish question, is every day 
 becoming more evident. The inducements to emigrate are 
 very strong. New and practically unlimited fields of enter- 
 prise are open to those who have the strength and the will to 
 labour. How attractive it is may be inferred from such 
 reports as that of Mr. Bryan, the Master's clerk, which was 
 read at the meeting of guardians of the South Dublin Union 
 yesterday. Mr. Bryan was commissioned by the Board to 
 accompany a party of 50 male emigrants from the Union to 
 Canada, and he gives a detailed account of his journey and 
 experience which will be read with deep interest. He left 
 Dublin on the 30th August, and after a voyage in the Allan 
 mail steamer Sarmatian, from Liverpool to Quebec, which was 
 accomplished in 14 days, he met on landing Mr. Stafford, the 
 Canadian Government agent, who gave him the welcome 
 
18 
 
 tidiness tliat there \v;is a j^rcat domancl for labour. This was 
 no idle boast or visioiiiiry fnomise, but- a simple I'acit, of which 
 the most satisfactory proof was noon ailuided. There were 
 two men competing tor the bencjfit ot the inimiijfranls' services. 
 One man wanted two hundred huiids, nnd the other as many 
 as lie could i^ot, and the competition betw(!en thorn was so 
 keen tliar it ultimately assumed the form of a " free tifj-ht," as 
 Mr. Ih-yan says. The party enpfacfed with one of the 
 two upon terms which would hardly be thought ci'ediblo in 
 Ireland, one of the two employers hirinq* them at 5s. ISd. a 
 day for twelve months, with a forl'eit of lOU dollars if they 
 had not work for that time, while his rival outbid him, and 
 induced the immigrants to violate their bar<xains. It was 
 somethini^ new for the labourers to find themselves invested 
 wir-h so much importance and the ohject of jealous competi- 
 tion. Mv. IJryan seems to have cauufht the spirit of the 
 scene, and describes it with evident relish ; while he s;,)eaks 
 of going with the party a distance of over 40() miles to their 
 future Held of labour with as much .^cDfij-froid as if he had 
 only taken a seat into the city in a tramcar. He thinks it 
 unnecessary to j?ive the emigrants I Us. each any longer, as 
 they are sure to find immediate employment; and his impar- 
 tial testimony as to the prospects of the emigrants is that, 
 from his own observation and the information he has received 
 from persons with whom he came in contact, " the country is 
 admirably adapted, and offers great inducements for the 
 emigraticm of young men of the labouring class and women 
 and domestic servants." With such reliable evidence as this, 
 can any doubt be entertained as to the duty of the guardians, 
 both to the ratepayers and to the poor inmates, to take ad- 
 vantage of the opportunity for raising them in the social 
 scale and reducing the taxation of the city ? 
 
 Tlie foUoiving leffcrSy addressed to Mr, T. Connolh/, of Didylin, 
 are also taken from the Diihlui DAILY EXPRESS of 
 Nov. the Ist and, 6th. 
 
 Brandon, Manitoba, October 11th, 1882. 
 Deati Sir, — T desire to inform you that I have located on a 
 farm of C>iO acres, 2s- miles south of Brandon, 400 acres of 
 which I have had under cultivation this season. I arrived at 
 the town site of Brandon on the 28th of ^lay, 1881, and 
 commenced to break my land on the 5th of June, doing the 
 most part of the work by contract, paying 4 dols. per acre for 
 breaking, and o dols. 50c. for back-setting. This, as- you 
 know, left it ready for the harrow. I sowed 350 acres of oats. 
 
 J A 
 
10 
 
 s. 
 
 his was 
 f vvliicli 
 10 wore 
 (Tvioes. 
 IS many 
 was sf> 
 ,'lit," as 
 of the 
 (iiblo in 
 8d. a 
 if tlicv 
 ni, and 
 Ifc wa.s 
 n vested 
 "inpcti- 
 of tlio 
 5 s})oaks 
 to their 
 ho had 
 links it 
 Igor, as 
 impar- 
 18 that, 
 'occived 
 in try is 
 i'or the 
 women 
 as this, 
 trdians, 
 fike ad- 
 social 
 
 Dublin, 
 
 'SS of 
 
 882. 
 d on a 
 ires of 
 ved at 
 L, and 
 ig the 
 re for 
 s- you 
 ' oats. 
 
 i 
 
 "^ 
 
 i'fr 
 
 20 acres of whont — tlie ])alanco in roots and other crops. I 
 commoncod to sow on tlio 5th ot Mny, and commonced to cut 
 my wlioat on the -t)th of Au^^Mist, ,c,'(>in<^ on until the wliole of 
 my wlieat and oats were cut — this season hoini^ late, as you 
 see from the time T cr)mnuMic(Ml to sow and cut. Seodinp^ 
 time usually boLcins about tho JOrh of April, ami harvcjst from 
 the 1st to the IDth of Au<rust. [ have to now thrashod about 
 I'tjOOO bnshols of oats and lind the yiohl 58 bushels per a(!re. 
 Tho wlu'jit will yield o<> bushels per acre. Those ai'o actual 
 HLjfnros aiwl not t,^()t uj). Oats sell very roiidily at .')() cents ])er 
 bushel. Y^ou can see from this that 1 will hav(! my entire oxpcm- 
 diture returned, with lOO jxu- cent., by the Hrst cfop, so that 1 
 am not farminuf for fun, but to Ttudce money, and I think I am 
 succoodinr,^ There is no didiculfy in a man farminrr hero if 
 he has ordinary energy and intolligenco. A good stock of 
 the former- is oven bettor, in my opinion, than an overstock of 
 capital. Many young men from towns and cities that have 
 come out this season with a little money appear anxious to 
 learn farming, as thoy call it, and give some of our cunning 
 ones from 40(j dels, to (JOQ dols. and their labour for one year 
 to teach them nothing, as you know already. Any of tho 
 above classes that have come to me I have advised to go on to 
 their land and work, and if they had no cotdidence in themselves, 
 to go and hire for moderate wages for a year with some good 
 farmer, and keep their money. Now as to the price of labour : 
 it was pretty high when you were here, but it is higher now. 
 When i commenced seeding I hired my men at '26 d(jls. and 
 board per month for the season, excepting the harvest month, 
 for which I paid them thirty dollars each. Extra men for tho 
 harvest I paid two dollars per day with board. The men that 
 I have now at work thrashing I am paying l2 dols. 5Uc. and 
 boar'i. This of itself will explain to you the demand for 
 labour. My root jrop is still in the ground for want of labour, 
 notwithstandinof the above hiirh rates. The labourers on the 
 Canadian Pacitic Railroad work get 2 dols. 'loc. and even 
 higher. There is a good deal of work done on the streets of 
 Brandon, at which labourers are getting 2 dols. oOc. to 2 dols. 
 75c., and their board ordv costs them from 4 dols. 50c. to 
 o dols. 5()c. a week. Carj)onters are getting from ;> dols. to 
 4 dols. a day, and you have to take off your hat to get them 
 at that. You cannot imagine the hurry and bustle there is in 
 this country compared to what there had been when you were 
 h(;re. We have the country beyond a doubt ; all we want is 
 a good class of emigrants ; we cannot have an over stock of 
 farmers, farm labourers, and mechanics. 
 
 Yours truly, Charles Whitehead. 
 
t!i 
 
 20 
 
 Troy, North- West Territory. Caria<]a, 
 October irAh, 1882. 
 I>i:ai: Sir, — AVhcn loavinof Dublin I proinisod to writo to 
 you, so I now propoHo giviiijjf you iin account of myself Hinoe 
 I left tljo "Old Sod," whicli 1 think is the best way to doacribo 
 my pro^rcHfl. 1 arrived in Winnipc<i:, July, 1881, with oidy 
 011(5 Kovercipfn in my posaossion, and immediately went to Mr, 
 lleapler, the Canadian (Jov(!rnment Ayfent, whom f found a 
 V(!ry nice man indeed. He Hcnt me out 50 miles from Win- 
 nipeg, to a farm, where I buckled to work. After being there 
 a sliort time I started for tbe North -West Territory with 
 a party of four, when, after travelling twenty-aix days, we 
 settled down hero. At that time, September, 1881, there was 
 not a soul nearer than Qu' Appelle — just twenty miles; at the 
 preaent time the land is taken up for miles and miles around 
 us. It is really marvellous the rapidity with which the 
 Canadian Pacitic Railway is being built — nearly four miles a 
 day. It passes beside where I live, and the journey that 
 took us twenty-six days last fall can now be accomplished in 
 twelve hours. I have a quarter of a section of land (160 
 acres) within half-a-milo of the railroad, and I have a house 
 built upon it and some ploughing done. Of course the first 
 yefir one cannot expect to have much, but next year I hope to 
 have a good crop. If I had some capital I should have bad 
 a fine crop this year, b.^t I have been obliged to work out for 
 some time. However, I have not been idle, as you will see 
 fi'om the enclosed advertisement. I own an hotel in the town, 
 and I am now my own master. I will be able to hire a man 
 next year, when I hope to have good crops and a new house 
 built on my land. The soil is all that can be desired for 
 farming, and some of the crops that I have seen up here far 
 excel any that I have ever seen before; one crop of oats I saw 
 in the Qu' Appelle Valley was really a picture to look at ; in 
 fact, all grain crops ripen well, and vegetables grow in the 
 greatest abundance. I am really very happy out here ; I 
 assure you I would not take £500 a year and go back to work 
 in an office in Dublin. The climate is really splendid ; of 
 course it is a little severe in winter, but the atmosphere is 
 clear and bracing, and on the whole, I am really delighted 
 with the change I have made. 1 want one thing more now, 
 that is a wife, and I am determined to have one soon; I think 
 I have lived alone long enough, and that it is time I settled 
 down now. In a few years I hope to be able to take a trip 
 for pleasure to the "old country." At present there is not 
 much inducement to visit poor Ireland. I wonder more do 
 
 1 
 
 not 
 N.) 
 in 
 wit 
 
 you 
 th<' 
 
21 
 
 writo to 
 solf sinoe 
 ) (loacribo 
 vith only 
 lit, to ^\^. 
 
 found a 
 'om Win- 
 ing there 
 ojy with 
 days, we 
 hiii'o was 
 
 a; at tho 
 8 around 
 Inch tho 
 r miles a 
 noy that 
 iahed in 
 iiid (IGO 
 i a house 
 tho first 
 [ hope to 
 liave had 
 : out for 
 will see 
 he town, 
 ce a man 
 vv house 
 ^ired for 
 here far 
 is I saw 
 i Sit ; in 
 7 in the 
 here ; I 
 to work 
 idid; of 
 phere is 
 elighted 
 re now, 
 I think 
 [ settled 
 e a trip 
 e is not 
 nore do 
 
 not emignito when sunh chances are before them out hej(». 
 No pernon can be niucii worse oil' tlum I was wiiun 1 hmded 
 in VVinnipog, so it cleai'ly shows that something can be dono 
 without capital, li' you know any {)e()ple coming this wny 
 you m'giit give them a letter to me, ami I will give them all 
 the information in my power. 
 
 This will bo a Inrge town, and tlio lund)er has just arrived 
 for an emigrant depot, which is to built at once. No doui)t 
 you will have plenty of people coming up here next spring. 
 Let them ask lor me, i am prett}'- well known, as I am tho 
 oldest settler in the [dace. 
 
 Yours very truly, A. W. S'lUUDEUT. 
 
 (Copy.) 
 Kknniluk, Auden p. O., 
 
 Froutenac, Co. Ontario, 
 Mr. II. JUtk, Stoke-on-Trent. September 21st, 1882. 
 
 Dfar Sir, — As I promised to write to you I must fulfil my 
 promise. I arrived at Point Levi, (Quebec, and had not been 
 landed ten minutes before I got work at 2 dols. per day and a 
 pass up to my work. We could do with 200 men now at 
 one firm, and aljout two miles from here there are about 4(J0 
 men wanted, and 150 at another place near to. Men havo 
 not got to ask for work here, they are jolly soon asked if ihvy 
 want work. Where 1 am it is a beautiful country, wo can go 
 out on the lakes and tish, or go out hunting where we like 
 without trespassing. There's any (juantity of deer, and you 
 can shoot as many as you like. 1 should like to say more, 
 but my time is precious, having so many to write to. 
 
 If you have anyone coming out send them here. By 
 applying to the Government Emigration OfHcer, at Quebec, 
 he will send them up to Kingston, which is about titty 
 miles from here. The " Polynesian '' (Allan Line) is a 
 good boat ; we had it rough for a few days, tho remainder of 
 the voyage was very pleasant. 
 
 I must say good-bye. With kind regards, 
 
 Yours truly, 
 (Signed) J. Taylor rA.sswooD. 
 
 From the OXFORD TIMES, Saturday, Novemher 18lh, 1882. 
 
 An OxtoiiD Man in Westkrn Canada. 
 
 We liave received the folloiving letter from Mr. Hoare, viho 
 sailed from O.rford for America in the Allan Line Roijal 
 Mail Steamer " Polynesian,'^ in July last. 
 
'>2 
 
 Trenton, Ontario, Canada West. 
 
 Dear Mr. Kdijor, — Being* a native of Oxford, will you 
 kindly allow me a small space in your columns, thinking" it may 
 be of some good to other intending emigrants, knowing that 
 work is very scarce in Oxford, and there are many that would 
 come to Canada only for the want of knowing if reports are 
 correct. I will give you a little account of what I have found 
 and experienced about it during the ohort time I have been 
 here. Firstly, there is plenty of work and good wages ; I can 
 earn, as a labourer in a saw mill, from nine to ten dollars per 
 week, £2 in English money. We can live cheaper — meat, 
 the best, from nine to ten cents per pound (4od. to 5d.). 
 Clothing about tlie same as at home ; any careful man can 
 save from live dollai's a week, and live well. The people are 
 very sociable ; wherever we have been we have met with 
 kindness. 
 
 The climate has been very warm, but we ai'e beginning to 
 feel a little of the winter coming on now. Labourers are 
 about the principal men wanted out here. When we came we 
 sailed by the Allan Line Royal Mail Steamer *' Polynesian," 
 and we found everything as comfortable as one could possibly 
 expect on board ship. Any emigrants who think of coming, 
 1 should advise to travel by that line. One word more ; all 
 emigrants who intend coming must make up their minds to 
 work if they wish to get on, as money is not to be picked up, 
 as some people suppose. There are good wages, but people 
 must make up their minds to work for them. 
 
 Yours truly, 
 
 Wm. H. Hoaee, 
 
 October 25fh. Late of 81, Great Clarendon Street. 
 
 From the YORKSHIRE POST of Becemher 1st, 1882. 
 
 Mr. Jaques, of Thirsk, sends for publication the following 
 letter, which he has received from an emigrant in Canada : — 
 
 Dear Sir, — Y^ou will almost think I have forgotten you, 
 but it is not the ca.-^o. 1 wanted to be well settled down 
 before I wrote to you. Well^ we were kindly treated by the 
 railway companies' servants, and on arriving at Liverpool we 
 were met by the agent of the Allan Line, who kindly enter- 
 tained us with all we needed, and saw us safely down to the 
 dock for a moderate charge. I am glad to say that I and my 
 family got well over the sea voyage. We had very little sea 
 sickness. I was only sick half a day. My wife bore the 
 
23 
 
 West. 
 
 will you 
 ng" it may 
 wing' that 
 lat would 
 sports are 
 ave found 
 lave been 
 es ; I can 
 ollai's per 
 or — moat, 
 , to 5d.). 
 
 man can 
 eople are 
 met with 
 
 innmw to 
 urers are 
 ) came we 
 ynesian," 
 I possibly 
 [' coming, 
 more ; all 
 minds to 
 icked up, 
 lit people 
 
 Street. 
 
 voyage first-class ; many people said she would never get 
 over it ; she was only delicate, but it has done lier good. We 
 were kindly treated on board the Sarmatian. We had plenty 
 (if good beef and plum ])U(lding. It is a splendid ship. I 
 I'elt as safe in her as though 1 had been at home. Nobody 
 need be nfraid of going a voyage with the Allan steamers, at 
 least 1 think so. On arriving at Quebec I gave Mr. Stafford 
 the note you gave me, and he kindly sent us on to IngersoU. 
 On arriving there J. had a chance of several places. I got 
 engaged to a farmer for a year at 18 dollars a month, an 
 eiglit-roomed brick house to live in, with a grand orchard 
 attached. A cow was also found me, and all m\' fuel was 
 found tree. T think I have done well. I should never have 
 got it in Enrjland. And then living is so cheap in Ontario — 
 beef from od. to od. per lb., eggs 24 for ]/-, and they say they 
 are dear now ; butter lOd. per lb., a boast heart for od., a fat 
 goose for 4/-, and furniture half the price it is in England. 
 1 like the country very well. So far we are all in very good 
 health. I believe this is a good country for a working man. 
 A farmer has double chance here to what he has in J^Jngland. 
 We have some first-class land, and light taxes and free 
 schools. This is a good thing for a labourer with a large 
 family. There is plenty of room in Canada for all good 
 labourers who have a mind to come out. Those who are 
 afraid of work had better stay where they are, but a man can 
 be paid for his labour here. I shall, all being well, write to 
 you again early in the spring. 1 am much obliged to you for 
 all yoLir kindness to me. — Wishing you and your family well, 
 I remain, yours truly, Hf:NRY To.mllxson. 
 
 IngersoU P. 0., Ontario, Canada, late of Seaton, 
 Sigglesthorne, near Hull, Yorkshire. 
 
 P.S. — Many of our fellow-passengers got engaged at 25/- 
 a week and their meat, for public works. 
 
 The ALLAN ROYAL MAIL LINE has direct sailings 
 from Liverpool, Glasgow, Londonderry, Queenstown, 
 Foynes, and Galway, to Quebec, Halifax, Boston, 
 Portland, and Baltimore, and the owners of this Line have 
 by long years of experience become convinced of the fact that 
 only by rigorous discipline, and a careful regard for the 
 welfare of its passengers, can any steamship line hope to 
 reach and maintain the confidence of the travelling public, 
 and the ALLAN LINE is now reaping the benefits of a 
 continued application of these principles. Every precaution 
 
! ;• 
 
 24 
 
 is taken for the health and safety of the steera<?e passengers 
 several compartments, in in the arraiioement of the venti- 
 lation, quality and supply of food; in short, everything is 
 done to make the sojourn on board agreeable. 
 
 For passengers l)ound to MANITOBA and the GREAT 
 NORTH-WEST, and to all poi]its in CANADA and the 
 
 STATES, the advantages alforded by this Company are 
 worthy of special consideration. Passengers, after leaving the 
 steamer, are put directly on ])oard the cars in waiting alongside 
 the wharf at which the steamer makes fast. They proceed on 
 their journey West without being subjected to the trying 
 ordeal of a transfer through the city. Those destined for 
 the West or for MANITOBA have the advantage 
 of a Special Conductor all the way. 
 
 Special Through Rates are granted to Manitoba. Emigrants are 
 carried at as low rates as by any Line crossing the Atlantic, and an 
 arrangement exists between the Company and the Government of 
 Canada for the conveyance of ASSISTED PASSEKGEKS. 
 
 For Rates, see Advertisement on the Cover. 
 
 -ooJO^'^^*- 
 
 It will be observed that in addition to the regular Weekly 
 Lines from Liverpool, Glasgow, Queenstown and 
 LoNDONDEREY, there are regular sailings from Galway to 
 Boston direct, and occasionally a Steamer is despatched 
 direct from Foynes (Limerick), so that the facilities afforded 
 to passengers from all parts of Ireland are unequalled, 
 inasmuch as they can embark at whichever Port is most 
 convenient for them. This in itself is an immense advantage, 
 and will, no doubt, be largely availed of. Passengers 
 destined for New York or Philadelphia are provided 
 with free railway passes from either Boston or 
 Baltimore. 
 
 I 
 
 ^g^ THROUGH TICKETS to the Catholic Colonies of 
 Minnesota, itc, and to Wiunipeg, or to any Inland Town in 
 the United States or Canada, are granted at the lowest 
 possible rates. 
 
passengers 
 
 the venti- 
 
 jrything is 
 
 ) GREAT 
 
 A and the 
 iupanj are 
 leaving the 
 > alongside 
 [)roceed on 
 the trying 
 itined for 
 dvantage 
 
 aigrants are 
 ntic, and an 
 ^ernmeut of 
 
 Cover. 
 
 ar Weekly 
 OWN and 
 Ialway to 
 lespatched 
 ?s afforded 
 nequalled, 
 ^t is most 
 idvantage, 
 a-ssengers 
 provided 
 oston or 
 
 /olonies of 
 I Town in 
 :he lowest 
 
ALLAN LINE ROYAL MAIL STEAMERS 
 
 TO THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA. 
 
 fertr 
 
 STEAMERS FROM LIVERPOOL d GLASGOW TWICE A WEEK. 
 A STEAMER FROM QUEENSTOWN WEEKLY. 
 A STEAMER FROM LONDONDERRY WEEKLY. 
 A STEAMER FROM GALWAY FORTNIGHTLY. 
 
 RATES OF PASSAGE. 
 
 SALOON 12 to 21 Guineas. 
 
 Intermediate, £8; Steerage at lowest 
 
 rates. 
 
 To BOSTON NEW YORK, BALTIMORE, PHILADELPHIA, 
 QUEBEC, HALIFAX, or PORTLAND. 
 
 THROUGH TICKin'S to Winnipeg, or to any Inland Town in the 
 l-'nited States or Canada, at lowest possible rates. 
 
 ASSISTED PASSAGES TO CANADA 
 
 AKE GRANTED TO 
 
 Mechanics, Navvies, and General Labourers, and 
 
 their Families, at £4 per Adult ; and Agricultural 
 
 Labourers and their Families, and Female 
 
 Domestic Servants, at £3 each. 
 
 Application for Assisted P;issages to be made upon the Special Forms 
 which are provided for the purpose. 
 
 Further pai'lu'tila).'. '.an he ohuihic<{ f'ruin 
 
 ALLAN BROTHERS & CO , James Street, Liverpool, 
 ALLAN BROTHERS 8c CO., Foyle Street, Londonderry, 
 J. &. A. ALLAN. 70, Great Clyde Street, Glasgow, 
 J. &. A. ALLAN, 5, Eyre Square, Galway, 
 JAMES SCOTT &. CO., Queenstown, 
 
 Or atiy authorized Agent of the Line. 
 
AMERS 
 
 ADA. 
 
 : A WEEK. 
 EEKLY. 
 EEKLY. 
 
 :ghtly. 
 
 iineas. 
 lowest 
 
 DELPHIA, 
 
 'own in the 
 
 NADA 
 
 'ers, and 
 
 jultural 
 
 nale 
 
 :cial I<"orms 
 
 pool, 
 nderry,