IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) / O 1.0 i.l 1.25 15 "'" SHI 1.4 /.J 12.2 12.0 1.8 1.6 6" # K^>m # !S Sciences Corporation .| Map of tlxe City of WinniiDeff and VicinitT^ Sketch of the City of Winnipeg M/INIT(mL POPUUITION 700iii 1(]71, ^-£, l«00 „ 1872, :i,'»oo „ 187;i Il-JIU COPP.tLiRKACO.UTH.TORO^iT; \ iTLJUznzji — r~T Pembina^- R ■*%*> it '^1 Hap of the City of Winnirng an^i Ticimiv '..^yfyt^^r-'^"-^ . '%*^ ■ ' II I H llli WB > Mi, l l i ••MWnaMWiM ■m i l i m i y PREFATORY. These pages are intended to supply a demand which the writer believes should be met in some way or other. Though the task could have been undertaken and performed by better hands, yet no one except the writer has ventured to do so. It will, of course, be remembered that the vast and wonderful changes which have taken place in the locality now known as Winnipeg have been wrought chiefly within the last -three or four years; still the writer has deemed it advisable to make the compar- isons with a period fully ten years previously, when the few inhabitants of the " Red River Settlement'" used to shake their heads at Canada, and believe that their destiny was to jog along in the well beat-' en tracks of their forefathers and predecessors. No pretensions beyond general accuracy are made by the author. v.; ^ Winnipeg. September, 1874, v.. j,:^ji (2) J. M. McCRECOR, AUCTIONEER FOR THE PROVmCE. Buys and SellJ Raal Estate, Locatos Lands and Land Warrants, oto. FREE PIIESS OFFICE, AVINXIPEO, MANITOBA. ii >> THE MANITOBA FREE PRESS, « ISSUED DAILY AND WEEKLY, AT WINNIPEG, BY KENNY k LUXTON, Ih the leading newspaper of the North- West, esceeiling in circulation that of all Dthov paporH in the country. , SUBSCRIPTION RATES Daily 25c. per week. Weekly 62 50 per yenr. JOHN A. KENNY, • Proprietor. WM. F. LUXTON, Editor and Manafrer. GEORGE B. ELLEOTT, Accountant, Auditor, Arbitrator and Correspondent, Free Press Office. WINNIPEG. MANITOBA. N.B.— Parties desiring reliable infonnation respecting the general cosdition and prospects of this ProTince and the North- West, or seeking information of a privat< and confid tial nature, will receive prompt attention. - wiNNi!M:a vvs rr is. i;i In coming' into sig'ht of \V innipeg, the stranger, if ho enters from the east or St. Boniface side, is struck with the number of buildings which are to be seen for a long distance oft^ — north, south, east and west. The prospect is that of a great plain far as the eye can see, with houses at intervals, making a veritable city of magnificent distances. If the approach is from the direction we have already indicated, and from a cencral X)oint on the St Boni- face side of the river, the first object that invites attention is Fort Garry, with its curiously made bastions, and its closed walls of oak and stone very much worn looking, offering but slight protection against rifles and howitzers, b( mbs, and other con- vincing x^rojectiles. As we approach nearer the river we believe that our driver intends to drive full tilt into the reddish, muddy waters of the stream J' that runs north ;" but we soon discover that he has unearthed a curious looking contriA'ance, half wharf, one-third scow, and the remainder raft. This machine we are informed is the "Winnipeg and St. Boniface Ferry. It has a capacity for carr]"'"^^ two teams and twenty or thirty passengers at en '^h trip, and its mode of propulsion is according to the ancient law of the " utilization of currents." A wire rope is stretched across the river, and the " scow" is fastened to this by means of ropes and movable v\^heels. It is controlled by two hands — one fore and the other aft. "When the men want to cross they push into the current and the topes and movable wheels do the rest, as the motion is direct- ed in a straight line between the opposinj]^ forces, ii !|l |l- rf and the nondescript reaches the wharf opposite to that from which she s:arts, without any apparent eftbft. A bridge is contemplated — one in addition to that for which an appropriation has already been made by the Dominion G-overnment. In justice to the City of Winnipeg it is fair to mention, that the nondescript ferry is not the pro- perty of the citizens, but that of the Local G-overn- ment, by whom it is controlled. Before entering into a description of the various public buildings and streets of Winnipeg, it is neces- sary that we should here give the boundaries of the city as we find them in the Charter of the City of Winnipeg. It will be seen that St. Boniface, the French settlement on the east side of the Red River where the Archbishop resides, is not included within the incorporaiea limits. The language of the Ch.irter is as follows : Commencing where the northerly limit of lot 2.24 ni the Parish of St. John, according to the Hudson's Bay Company's register, strikes the water's edge of the Red River ; thence north-westerly along the said limit of said lot to where the same intersects the eastern limits of the main highw^ay from Winnipeg to the Lower Parishes ; thence along the said highway southerly across the said lot 224 ; thence north-west- erly along the southerlv limit of the said lot to the rear thereof ; thence southerly along the rear of the lots in the settlement belt to the westerly angle of lot 249, originally bought from the Hudsoi 's Bay Company by William Drever ; thence south-easterly along the southerly limits of the said lot 249, to where the same would be intersected by the exten- sion of the easterly limit of the street laid out by the said Hudson's Bay Company between lot, pension- er's, 54, and lot 1212 fronting on the Assiniboine I '5 Kiver ; thence southerly along the east limit of the said street to the water's edge on the said Assiniboine Eiver ; and thence along the latter easterly to the Red Eiver ; and thence down the westerly edge of the same with the stieam to the place of beginning. The average height above the level of the river is about thirty feet. The city is divided into four Wards — North, South, East and West — and the whole has an area of about 2,000 acres or three square miles. The following are the names of the city magnates and officials : Frank Evans Cornish, Mayor. Aldermen : North Ward, J. B. More, W. Gr. Fon- seca, Alex. Logan. South Ward — James McLena- ghan, Herbert Swinford, J. R. Cameron. East Ward — W. B Thibaudeau, Andrew Strang, Robert Mulvey. West Ward — J. H. Ashdown, Archibald Wright, John Higgins. City Clerk—A. M. Brown. Chamberlain — James S. Ramsay. Assessors — Willoughby Clark, Alex, Brown. Collector — William McDonald. Chief of Police — John S. Ine^ram. Fuel, License and Health Inspector — Stewart Mulvey. Auditors — C. F. Strang, John Balsillie. City Engineer — Thomas H. Parr. We shall now proceed to give a brief description of the first ancient landmark that comes into notice on entering the city at the south-east end. FORT GARRY. § The names Fort Garry and Winnipeg being both used leads to some confusion amongst our east- ern friends, some having been led to believe that thoy are two distinct places. We need not here 6 repeat that the Fort is the old name of the place, and that "Winnipeg has sprung up around it. Not a few have become familiar with the name ; and, indeed, the troubles of '69-70 have brought the harmless old stockade into unenviable notoriety. But the Fort Grarry of to-day is far different from what it was in former times. Now it is hoary and T enerablo looking : some of the old walls have been replaced with oak timber, which is not very recent either, and the bastions or towers look as if they seriously contemplated falling over, or tumbling into pieces, from old age. Within "the enclosure, in di- mensions about three acres, there are about thirtv buildings, of an antique class known as Hudson's Bay buildings. They are variously occupied as stores and dwellings by the Company and its em- ployees. In the centre as of old is the former resi- dence of the Hudson's Bay Company, now o?cupied by Lieutenant-Groveriior Morris and family. A sen- try of the Canadian Light Infantry paces up and down in front of the main entrance, and a three pounder is the only piece of ordnance which guards the entrance. The ^vhole i)lace is replete with his- toriv"al interest, of which the Kiel -Scott tragedy is the last but not the least MAIN OR GARRY STREST. W Let us now drive our buggy through the open gate of this Quaker looking fort and proceed north- erly along the chief street of the city. Our direction will be in tha+ of the general course of the lied River, The first building on the left hand side which attracts our attention is a new brick building now in course of construction by the Hudson's Bav Company. It is to be occupied by them as offices. Next on the same side are two or three very ancient looking buildings, owned by the Company and «.. occupied hy some of their employees as coopers' and carpenters' shops. "Wo then pass the Canada Pacific Hotel, a large three story brick building with flat roof, haying a frontage on Main street of 35 feet and a depth of not less than 90 feet. The brick used is what is generally known as Milwaukee brick. It is manufactured in the city of Winnipeg, and is of a first-rate quality. Two wings of similar dimensions are to be added to this hotel ; the first will have its greatest frontage on the street, and the other will be parallel to the first wing. When com- pleted this hotel will be one of the largest in the Dominion. It has already cost upwards of $20,000, and when completed will have cost $60,000. It is owned by the following gentlemen, who constitute a joint stock company for carrying out the enter- prise : J. H. McTavish (Hudson's Bay Co.), R. A. Davis, James McKay and Robert Tait. A little to the north, but on the opposite side of the street, we come to another large three story brick building, owned by Mr. Hespeller of the Im- migration Department. When completed it will be occupied as a bank and residence. It is to cost $15,000. A short distance from this, on the west side of the street, are the proposed Custom House and the Dominion Lands Ollice. The foundation of the former is already laid, and the first story of the latter is completed. Their united cost will be about $75,000. They are composed of the prevailing brick, and will be two stories high with Mansard roofs. Further along, after passing a number of wooden buildings variously occupied, we come to the " P'ree Fress" office, which is on the east side and a little distance oft' the street. It is a neat two story brick veneered building with shingled roof. The lower story is sunk in the ground with the view of providing the necessary degree of warmth. '^ii -'a fi «ai I h 8 The building W9S erected at a cost of $3,500. It is one of the neatest in the city. Next we pass several buildings of \arious styles of architecture and diverse occupations, when we come to the Wesleyan Methodist Chuich. This is a plain wooden building measuring about fifty feet with a frontage of twen- ty-five. It was erected by contributions from vari- ous portions of the Dominion. Eev. George Young is the clergyman in charge. His residence, a neat frame cottage, is situated on the adjacent lot to the north. On the opposite side is a two story brick veneered building with a flat roof, having a frontage of twenty-five feet and a depth of sixty feet. This is owned and occupied by W. Palmer Clarke as a dry goods store and dwelling house. We next stop to exammc the Wesleyan Educa- tional Institute on the corner of Schultz and Main streets. This is a two-story frame building with a pitched roof, occupied as an academy. It was erected at a cost of $2,600. On the opposite side of Main street for some distance there are several val- uable wooden buildings, variously occupied as dwellings, stores and warehouses Then we come to the Bank, or as it is familiarly called, McMicken's Bank — a two story wooden building veneered with the popular white brick, and having a flat roof, and substantial door and window frames. It is occupied by Mr. A. McMicken as a bank and residence. It was erected at a cost of $10,000. Nearly opposite^ on the north-east corner of Schultz and Main streets, is a two story rough-cast building with clean, white- washed walls. It is known as the " Club House," and possesses more than ordinary interest. It was in this building that Dr. Schultz and hh " soi disant' Canadian party took refuge when Mons. Kiel and his followers planted their howitzers and demanded its surrender in the name of the Provisional Gro- vernment, and in which Dr. Schultz and his friends eventually capitulated. To the east,' on Schultz street, is a range of small two story brick buildings, occupied as Brouse's Hotel and as dwellings. Fur- ther along on the same street, is Dr. Schultz's ware- house, a large two story brick building with flat roof. In the adjoining lot, still east, is the new brick veneered residence of Chief Justice Wood, which cost $7,000. Returning in the direction of Main street, we find the next range of buildings on the east side to be a range of W-shaped brick buildings, occupied as hotel and stores. These, we are informed, are the first brick buildings erected in Winnipeg. On the opposite side of the street are a number of wooden buildings, occupied as various kinds of stores and dwelling houses. They are all frame buildings, and were put up during the past year. On the north- east corner of Notre Dame street is a frame building, occupied as a telegraph ofiice by the North-Western Telegraph Co. The upper flat is used as a dwelling. On the opposite side, on G-arry street, is a two story brick veneered building, owned by Bain & Blan ch- ard, lawyers, and occupied by them as an office, and by McMicken & Taylor as a tin and stove store. On reaching the corner of Assiniboine street we come to a large two story frame building, owned by Lieut.-Grov. Morris and Mr. G-. McMicken, and oc- cupied by McMicken & Taylor as a heavy hardware store, and by Donaldson and Bro. as a stationery and fancy goods store. Opposite, on Assiniboine street, is the large two-story frame building of L. R. Bentley, occupied by him as a hardware store. — This probably is one of the largest, if not the oldest hardware and agricultural implement stores in the Province. In the rear of Donaldson's are the Do- minion Lands office, and Deputy Receiver-G-eneral's office in venerable two-story buildings. On the oppo- Hi - Hi' - ■ I 10 site side, bef^een Notre Dame and Postoffice streets, are a number of wooden buildings occupied as stores, hotels and dwellings. North of Bentley's, on the west side of Main st., are more wooden buildings variously- occupied, among the number being a building, the lower flat of which is used as a general store while the upper story is occupied as the City Hall. Then we come to a long two-story building owned by R. A. Davis, Provincial Treasurer. This, together with the upper portion of a new two-story wooden build- ing adjoining to the north, is occupied and known as the Davis Hotel. The next building which attracts our attention is the large new three-story brick building owned and occupied by John Higgins as a dry goods store. This building was erected at a cost of 110,000. Adjoining is a new two-story frame building occupied by the same as a grocery store. — Directly opposite, on the north-east corner of Main and Post office streets, is A. Gr. B. Bannatyne's grocery, iic^uor and general store. Adjoining to the north is the new three-story brick building belonging to that gentleman, and which he intends to occupy when completed. This building was erected at a cost of $12,000. To the north of this on the same side, is a vacant lot shewing the remains of what was once the Parliament Building which wa,s burned during the past winter. The new Post Office is going to be erected near this site. For a consider- able distance on both sides we drive past a number of wooden buildings situated on both sides of the street and variously occupied — notably among the number are Dr. Bird's drug store, and dwelling in the rear, Messrs. Chabot's dry goods store, the frame building occupied as the Merchants Bank, J. H. Ashdown's hardware store, Kew, Stobart & Co.'s wholesale store and the office of Clarke & Weedon, real estate agents. The next building or buildings ! 11 which attract our attention is the new Court House on the west side of Main street near Brown's Bridge. These buildings are two in number ; the newest portion was built last year by Mr. Ralston, and cost nearly |30,000. Opposite is the two-story frame build- ing of Mr. Radiger, one of the most successful men of the place, To the north of the Court House and on the same side of the street is a large two-story frame building occupied as dwellings and stores. They are owned by Alderman Wright. We then come to Brown's Bridge, a couple of wooden structures thrown across a deep waterless gully, which is eventually to be used as a main sewer. The bridge is merely a small affair, and does not excite any particular curiosity or attention. The Court House proper comprises the court room, a large spacious apartment on the second story with judge's throne, prisoner's dock, auditory and gal- lery. Communication with the prisoner's dock below is had by means of a trap door through which the prisoners are brought up from below and placed at the bar. The Judges' chambers adjoining are cosy little rooms proviaed with all necessary appur- tenances. Since the destruction of the Parliament building, a frame building of the earlier times, the legistath/e wisdom of the Province has assembled in the Court room, the Legislative Council occupying a room ad- joining the court chamber itself. It is understood that the Houses will meet here until a new Parlia- ment building is erected. The desks used by the members are small, single ones, covered with green cloth. Those used by the Legislative Council are similar, with red covering. The cells and corridors of the court house are situated on the ground flat. Through the kindness of Sheriff Armstrong and Mr. Power, jailor, we were permitted to inspect the m. m i ;■ ^,;f':-^*'V.1',^. :%:■*.' V2 cells, and the arrangements and accommodation were very fvilly explained to us by Mr. Power. "We visited the cell oF Joseph Michaud, who murdered young Brown on the lOth of June last, and who was hanged in the court-yard on the 26th August. — Ascending to the top of the crown-roof, which is protected by a railing, a splendid view of the city can be obtained. The prospect extends for many miles. Away north in the direction of the course pursued hj the Red River, a portion of St. John's Cathedral is visible, and a cluster of buildings away to the west denotes the position of Silver Heights settlement. An excellent view of St. Boniface Par- ish to the south-east may be had from this eminence, and the waters of the Assiniboine and Red Rivers are easily distinguishable in the distance. The view of Fort G-arry to the south-east is somewhat inter- rupted by the intervening buildings. About a mile due west from our point of observation is the Win- nipeg Race Cou.se, which is one mile in circumfer- ence, and well enclosed with a substantial wooden fence. The Tur it will be seen, has alreadv been attended to by the Winnipeggers, and is now as much of an institution as the Carleton or Mutch- moor'es Park. Away to the south-west, on the banks of the Assiniboine, are the barracks, recently built. They comprise twenty wooden buildings, and were erected at a cost of $30,000. They are occupied by a detachment of 300 men of the Domin- ion Infantry and Artillery, Along the Red River, on the Winnipeg side, are several frame buildings, whose long smoke stacks with thick volumes of black smoke assure us that there is the locality of saw-mills. Descending from our eminence we visit the lo- cality of logs and saw-mills The first mill we pass is Mr.. Macarthur's. It is a small building with a 18 portable engine, having- a sawing capacity of 12,000 feet per diem. The next is the saw-mill of Messrs. Dick & Banning, having a sawing capacity similar to the first. We then come to a very large wooden building, and are informed that it is W J. Macau- lay's saw mill. We enter, and find three or four gangs of men at work, three or four circulars revolv- ing, and general bustle and acti^ang prevailing. — This mill has a capacity of sawing 26,000 feet in a day. Another large building immediately to the south, is Mr Macaulay's planing mill, where all kinds of planing, grooA'ing and turning are lone. — Wood being scarce, the sawdust is utilized for fuel. On the opposite side of the river we see another large building, and we are about to include it in our list of saw-mills when we arc informed that it is a woollen manufactory. We cros? the river on the comical ferry and interview the establishment, and learn that it is McVicar's woollen mills. Samples of blankets, tweeds, and other varieties are shown us, and they appear equal to anything we have seen in Ontario. Re-crossing the river we drive to the south end of First street (by some called Fort street). This runs parallel to Main street, and it contains, many line buildings, all of wood. Among this number are the "Roberts House," or Grrand Central Hotel — R. H. Cronn, proprietor — a large new frame building, now considered the *' chef resort" of well- to-do travelers. It contains fifty rooms, having fine, capacious hall and dining room, recherche billiard and bar rooms, and extensive first class livery and boarding stables attached. The Exchange Hotel, located a little distance to the south, is another excellent hotel, doing a first class business. A Mr. AUoway is putting up a double dwelling house on the west side of the street, 14 and when finished will be one of the handsomest in the city. "Westward some few hundred yards on the prairie is a large frame building, which is to be occupied as a Roman Catholic Seminary and Church. Returning to Brown's Bridge, on Main street, we find that after all it is not a very considerable bridge, being merely a couple of light wooden structures thrown across a deep gully which crosses the main road here. Beyond Brown's Bridge, to the north, there is a very extensive tract of country, including that portion of the city knoy^n as Point Douglas. This section extends to the northern and north-western limits of the city, and it is fast 1 eing built upon. The class of houses being put up is chiefly cottages, and a very industrious well-to-do people seem to have gravitated to this part. Among the conspicuous buildings are theWolseley House, a first-class boarding-house ; the "Manitoba Gazette" ofiice ; the Eureka Hotel, and several stores and shops, a double dwelling house near Brown's Bridge, and a two story cottage, owned by Mr. Bur- rows formerly of the Land Department, and occupied by Mr. McKenney as a residence. It is known as Colony xiall. This portion of the city is rapidly filling up, and it will not be long before the whole tract from Brown's Bridge to St. John's Church will be a compact settlement. As Point Douglas is in all probability to be the place where the Pembina Branch will intersect the river and city, lots and property there are held in great esteem. The new Baptist Church, on the west side of Main street, a little to the north-west of the bridge, is an extensive wooden building, capable of accommodating a large congregation. It will be completed this fall A short distance further north is another church, be- 15 longing to the Wesleyan Methodists, during the present year. THE IMMIGRANT SHEDS. It was built Are situated to the east of Fort Garry, near the mouth of the Assiniboine or at its confluence with the Red River. These buildings comprise two sepa- rate ranges, capable of accommodating four or five hundred persons, and provided with many conve- niences. They are the best of all the immigrant sheds that we have seen between Thunder Bay and Winnipeg. The immigant generally makes this his home until he selects a location. In order to have no doubts as to the number of buildings in the city, and their charactars, in com- pany with a resident and taking a buggy we drove all over the city and made a special enumeration of the buildings. The following result was obtained : Total number of buildings of all kinds, includ- ing Fort Garry buildings and barracks 903 Total* number of buildings included in above, exclusively occupied as dwelling houses... 408 Total number of Hotels 17 " " Saloons 7 " '; '< Boarding houses 23 ' *' .; "Manufactories 27 " '* ** Miscellaneous buildings 421 And the following details will prove interesting : There are 10 grocery stores, •* dry goods stores, 4 hardware stores, 2 watchmaker's shops, 5 book stores, 2 gunsmith's shops, 2 banks, 4 livery stables, 19 general stores, 3 drug stores, 6 paint shops, 9 blacksmith's shops, 2 barber's shops, 4 harness makr 1(] ers, 1 marble works, 4 carriaijfo maker's shops, 4 priiitini>' oflicos, 4 lurnituro stores, 4 auctioneers. 3 tobacco stores, 8 boot and shoe stores, 8 photographic rooms, 2 lur stor(\s, (> bakeries and confectionery shops, 1 teU^graph olhce, 8 milliner's shops, 2 flour and feed stores, 3 butcher's shops, several real estate agents, 11 lawyers, 8 doctors, 1 County Court, 1 Police Court, 1 soda manul'actory, 3 saw mills, 2 pianino- mills, 8 brick yards, several whidmills, 2 tailor's (ex- clusive) shops, 1 postoffice, 6 churches, (J schools, and a few more establishments which it is needless to name. Only a few of the stores are exclusively such; the upper flats are generally occupied as dwelHngs. The number of new buildings erected last year will fully reach 200, They inclu'ie every variety. We notice that the greatest number of new buildings now being erected is in the North "Ward, north of Brown's Bridge. Many of the citi- isens themselves are surprised at the number of new buildings going up, and they can hardly realize the truth though it stares them in the face. Brick sidewalks are, of course, unknown, but on Main street and one or two other streets substantial sidewalks composed of pine planking have been laid down, and it aflbrds an excellent footing in wet or muddy weather. Crossings, composed of oak, are also laid across the streets at important points. The soil being chiefly a rich, black, tenacious clay, en- tirely devoid of giavel, walking through it in wet wea"^ "T is rendered very disagreeable, but the ad't '^ planking always affords a dry and clean foe. 1 ving through the city, a most noticeable featui o is the absence of trees, and the way your buggy may plunge into yards, across farms and gardens, is most amusing. There is some difference of opinion with regard to the population of the city. 17 Estimates go as high as 4,000 of a permanent popu- lation and 1,000 transients. It is most probable that the permanent population reaches 3,000 and, the transient 1,000, being a total of 4,000. WATER. Hitherto the chief water supply, both for domes- tic and other purposes, has been obtdned from the Red liiver. This water is rather warm in summer, and matters in suspension are plainly visible to the naked eye, but when liltered, it is cool and pleasant to the taste. The river water is supplied at the rate of 25c. per barrel. It will keep in the warmest weather for two or thi ee days, but after that it be- comes tainted. When filtered, and used with ice, it will, of course, last milch longer. Lately , the atten- tion of the citizens of Winnipeg has been directed to well digging, and not without three or four good samples of success. One of the best wells in the Dominion is in the rear of Mr. Hespeler's new build- ing, near Fort &arry. The water from this well is cool and delicious, and it has been obtained at a depth of only 16 feet. There are two flowing wells of good spring water within the city limits, and those who ought to know assert that, eventually, the waters of the river will be entirely discarded, except for do- mestic purposes. .^ ,. ^ , M.u .:, .V ui; '' FERE PROTECTION. ; ; '-''^^ .... . : .., ,i-^ 0<(Orr' 'Bhecity until very recently had no fire engines' or facilities for extinguishing fires, except the old plan of using buckets and forming a line. The Hudson's Bay Company have a small engine within the Fort, but it is not considered of much account. The city authorities have ordered a steam fire engine from New York — a No. 3 Silsby — and they are con- ■\i^ 18 Ftrnctiiig six tanks of large capacity, at difTerent parts of the city. These arrangements will be per- fected before the coming winter. The Waterous plan of water-works is being agitated, and it is be- lieved that itwiil shor 'y be introduced. The only Insurance; Companies doing business here are the Isolated Eisk, a Local Mutual, and the Provincial. They will take only isolated dwellings. Fires are uncommon, and this fact is strongly sug- gestive of the absence of Insurance Agents and Companies, f,■.,.,^ .;' ,., . . .. : , ,,. t ,.,, . The citizens seem to be fully alive to the neces- sity of protection, and like the people of all western towns, they j^o in with a will. The following items from the " Free Press" of the 24th and 26th Septem- ber, shew what progress has already been ma-ile in the organization of fire protection; ( > '.'.■,■<• \' - . THE HOOKS. '" j"" "At a meeting to organize the Hook and Ladder Company held last evening in the City Hall, Mr. S. J. Jackson was appointed chairman, and Mr. D. Young secretary. "Aid. Wright, of the Fire and Water Committee, reported what progress the tools for the company had attained. " The election of Captain was then taken up, and Messrs. J. H. Pearson and Alex. Brown having been proposed, Mr. Pearson was, upon the vote being taken, declared elected. " Mr. Alex. Brown was then elected 1st Lieut.; Mr. Frank Oliver, 2nd Lieut; and Mr. Wm. Hen-, derson Secretary-Treasurer. — .^..^ ' " A committee of five to draft by-laws was then struck, the committee to meet at the City Hall on Friday evening. The meeting then adjourned sine die. 19 " The following is a list of the members of the Hook and Ladder Company : E. Machon, S. J. Jack- son, 0. P. Jackson, \V. J. tVilkins, J. II. Pierson, H. McDonald, E Brokovski, W. *W. Henderson, D. B. Murray, Prank Oliver, Peter Laseiir, Chas. Robert- son, James Jeffrey, W. N. Kennedy, John Kennedy, George Sinclair, Roderick McPherson, Alex. Brown, Thomas H Porr, James Henderson^ A. C Bryson, J. S. Terry, J. H. Wells, Philip Couture,W. R. Mulvey, David Philips, David Young, John A. Macdonald, Charles Baskerville, W. A. Brown." •u' I l.V' THE HOSE AND ENGINE COMPANY. " At a meeting held last evening to organize this company, Aid. More was elected chairman, and Aid. Cameron secretary. The election of othcers was then , taken up, and ended in the following results : J. Robson Cameron, Captain ; John McKechnie, 1st Lieut.; F. L. Shelby, 2nd Lieut.; James Henderson, Secretary; Thomas Lusted, Treasurer. "The Captain, 1st and 2nd Lieutenants, and Messrs. Henderson, Donohue and Aid. More WQie appointed a committee to draft by-laws. " Mr. Gr. U. White was selected to be recommend- ed to the City Council as Chief Engineer " Aid. Mulvey was appointed Engineer of the engine, and Wm. Code First Assistant — these two to select a Second Assistant. ' • "Aid. More then loft the chair, which was as- sumed by the Captain, and a vote of thanks was tendered to Aid. More." ■-, : il CITY VALUATIONS. The iollowiny,- vahiations have been taken from the Assessors' book^ : . iM-j-tf J,: f l&^Uifi'::h 20 , ' Northward ^ 317,423 . Eastward 606,090 Southward 1,264^755 : -Westward 487,500 Total , 12,175,763 These figures are supposed to be considerably underneath the real value. Building operations are carried on with such celerity, that by the time the assessors complete the wards, new buildings and new establishments have sprung up, rendering it impossible to arrive at absolutely correct results. — Even since we did the city, vipwards of a dozen new buildings have been put up in the North Ward alone, though only a few days have elapsed since we took our notes. CONTEMPLATED IMPROVEMENTS. The following is the By-law w^hich was voted upon by the electors of the city on Monday, the 5th of October. The yeas were 173, the nays 6. The same evening the City Council held a meeting and read the By-law a first time : Whereas it is expedient and '^.esirable to raise by loan on the credit cf the city of Winnipeg the sum of two hundred and fifty thousand dollars, payable on the first day of November in the year of our Lord one thousand eight himdred and ninety-four, with iiiteres': at the rate of six per centum per annum, to be applied to, and which has been estimated to be necessary for, makii g the permanent improvements within the city of Winnipeg hereinafter mentioned, that is to ody: -^ • - --- ; ^v - ■- - - 1. For the construction of sewers, one hundred thousand dollars, . . c. ._ .; 21 2. For tlie purchase of fire engineg and appara- tus, and the construction of tanks for fire purposes, twenty -five thousand dollars, 3. For the erection of water-works and the pro- curing and laying down of pipes, conduits, etc., for- ty thousand dollars. 1 For the construction of a market house, city hall and police station, twenty thousand dollars. For widening, opening and straightening of streets, ten thousand dollars. For grading and improving streets, thirty thou- sand dollars. For the construction of sidewalks and bridges, twenty -five thousand dollais. And whereas rhe sum of twenty thousand dollars will be required to be raised annually as a special rate for paying the interest and for creating a sink- ing fund for paying the said loan at the d-ays and times when the same become payable by this by-law; And whereas the amount of the whole rateable property of the city of Winnipeg, according to the last revised assessment rolls, is two million six hun- dred and seventy-thousand and eighteen dollars ; And whereas to raise the said yearly sum of twenty thousand dollars, the annual special rate upon the said rateable property will require to be three-quarters of a cent in the dollar ; therefore the Mayor and Council of the city of "Winnipeg, in Coun- cil assembled, enact as follows : 1 . That the sum of two hundred and fifty thou- sand dollars be raised by way of loan upon the cre- dit of the municipality. 2. That debentures, in sums of not less than one hundred dollars each, be issued by this Council, not exceeding in the whole the sum of two hundred and fifty thousand dollars. 8. That the debentures to be issued therefor be '■\l r. 22 made payable on the (irst day of November in the year ol' our Lord one thousand eight hundred and ninety-four, and bear interest at six per centum per annum, payable half-yearly on the first days of May and November in each year. -■ ' 4. That the debentures may, both as to principal and interest, be made payable at any place in Great Britain, Ontario, Quebec or Manitoba, and may be expressed either in sterlinij money or in the currency of the Dominion of Canada. 5. That the said sum of two hundred and fifty thousand dollars, being the amount required for and necessary to repay the expense of the permanent improvements herein mentioned, to be laid out as follows : In the construction of sewers ; the pur- chase of fire engine and apparatus ; the construction of tanks for fire purpobes; the construction and erection of water-works ; the procuring and laying down of pipes and conduits connected therewith ; the erection of a market house, city hall and police station ; the widening, opening, straightening, grad- ing and improving of streets ; and the couiitruction of sidewalks alid bridg«^s. ' . . FASHION AND SOCIETY. . ./ ' The streets at all hours of the day present a cu- rious mixture of civilization and savagery j and in addition to the ^ arious costumes of the natives, which are described elsewhere, there is now here the young lady as well as the young gent of fashion, looking as neat in some instances and as gaudy in others, as they are to be found in G-otham or Toronto, Ottawa or Montreal. Numbers are only wanted to make the resemblance in this respect complete. Human nature is, of course, the same no matter where found. Society, too, is undergoing many changes. Those who read " Winnipeg as it was" wall appreciate the , . .. ,. ■ 23 / -y ! .1': .7-) '' rni " • • '■ ' ■ • ■ reTOmtion. The youns^ lady with her airs and her piano, not to omit her parasol and her fan, and the young gent with his cano and his kids, have taken posession, and already the close observer can see where the lines are drawn. The presence of a sifted few, who consi^ler themselves the corpus social has, however a beneiicial influence. Young men who belong to that sphere are in better keeping when subject to home inlluence. The i^re^-'ence of an intermediate class, invariably the best class in Canada, is also beneficial. Young men, instead of spending their hours in saloons and bar-rooms, tone down to the social amenities of home, and the con- dition of the classes is greatly improved. We have seen somewhere that Winnipeg is lawless and wick- ed; but this is not founded in fact. The presence of the military is considered by some to be injuri- ous. The officers mingle with the sifted few, while the men devote their attention to the natives. No doubt that exclusiveness which is always character- istic of the military, is unpleasant to many who do not belong to the class first mentioned ; but on the whole, the military, since they first came, have been very iDeneficial. Their presence maintains piTblic confidence, and a feeling of -security which would not otherwise exist prevails in the community. ■■■ ii THE FOURTH ESTATE. The Press is represented by the following jour- nals : The " Free Presi? (Daily Evening), published by Messrs. Kenny & Luxton, and the " Manitoba Free Press (Weekly), published by the same ; the " Nor'-Wester " published weekly by E. L. Barber ; the "Manitoba G-azette," weekly, published by Messrs. Brokovski & Oarruthers ; " The Manitoban," weekly, published on Saturday by William Cold- ? m 24 well; "Le Metis," (the French Organ, weekly) is published in St. Boniface. These papers are all conducted with more or less ability and energy. The " Free Press" is Rei'orm, and is opposed to the present Local G-overnment. The " Nor'-Wester" is said to be the organ of the present Local Cabinet, the "Grazette" is Conservative ; and the " Maiitoban" has not defined its Federal politics since it was re- vived It is, however, favorable to the present Local Cabinet. The impression prevails that the city has too many nev:spapers, but of this we shall say nanght EDUCATIONAL, Since the organization of the Province, the Na- tional system of public schools has been introduced. The plan is in imitation of that adopted in Ontario, but undoubtedly there is plenty of room for im- provement. There are two public schools of this class in the city — the Central and the North "Ward School. The former is attended by pupils of an in- termediate grade ; the latter is for primary pupils. The High or G-rammar Schools do not form a part of the National system ; they are denomination- al. There is the Wesleyan Educational Institute, on the corner of Main and Schults streets. This is of the graded class, and comprises primary, interme- diate and advanced. The Manitoba College, under the auspices of the Presbyterian Church, and formerly located at Kil- donan, in the Province, is now within the city • limits. The building is in the vicinity of the " G-a- zette" office. Main street. Point Douglas. This College is of a class similar to the best High Schools of the larger cities of Ontario. /^ ^ ; , r ^. ,f,. i/[ " (,({i St. Boniface College, in the iParisli of St. Boni-- Tace, under the auspices of the Eoman Catholic, I j t a t s le [1- LC- 25 Church, is an excellent e4ncational institution. It has been established for many yeciH. St. John's Collei^e is a similar institution, under the auspices of the Church of England. It is located in the Parish of St. John, outside the city limits. It has been in existence a great many years. The "Winnipeg Ladies' School, for the board and education of young ladies, is another first-class edu- cational institution. The P'all term was resumed on the 15th of September. Other educational institutions are projected, and nothing is now wanted except an increase of num- bers, which we have already intimated is about to occur. SOMETHING ABOUT LOTS. The following scale of prices will show the ad- vance of real estate within the city : ' ', . . Average prioe per I,ot In 1871. In 187-*. H. B. Go's Estate (Main street), $1,000 $2,000 McDermot Estate 75 300 Morris Estate 50 200 Mignus Brown Estate 10 50 Schultz Estate 50 300 Real estate, although appearing high to the resi- dent of an eastern city, is still very low when the prospects of the city are taken into consideration. There are already three railroads projected from it, two lines of navigation to the Rocky Mountains already existing, making their junction here, and with a trade and commerce which rank it already the sixth city in the Dominion. ' "' Speculation may be said not to have been inau- gurated yet, though one operator, Mr. Burrows, h.as sold over 400 city lots during the past year. ,i i^ \ '.:^IHI| I ^'i.0ri u: I 26 This c^eiitleinan has done very much towards making the city known by his extensive advertising; and he has displayed unusual enterprise in attract- ing mvestments. Having a large tract of some 200 acres — the Magnus Brown property — he has not only laid it out and planned it with a fine park in the centre, but dug a drain of two miles in length, and laid down a sidewalk for nearly a mile, and finished up by giving away fifty lots free, to attract residents, which wdse and liberal course has repaid him a hundredfold, and a number of residences now dot the prairie, where a year ago, the long grass w^aved ; and the growth of the city is now perma- nently fixed in that direction. The same gentleman has recently laid out the Mulligan property (105 acres), and intends ofiering it in the marke*: next season. There are some remarkable instances of the rise of humble individuals by judicious investments in real estate. One man a year ago had only $50 of a capital ; to-day he owns over $3,000 worth of real estate. Another, a clerk in a store, saved a couple of hundred dollars, w^hich he finally decided to in- vest in a city lot. This sold in a few days at one hundred per cent, advance ; then he bought others, and is now the owner of four residences, worth on an average $1,000 each, and some other property; and instances are numerous of parties who purchas- ed lots two years ago for $75 now refusing $500 for them. The prevailing impression is, that the limit of prices is reached for mid-city property. Be this as it may, however, there is no doubt but that the best investment now offering is in the suburban city lots, which may be had from $20 to $100, within a mile radius of the Court-house. The principal streets of the city, and those we 27 may expect to become so from their very generous width and continuity, which make them useful as business thorous^hfares or business residences, are, first — Main, or Garry street, which [is the main ar- tery of the city, and on which the business houses extend for a mile or more, running north and south. Next in point of importance is the Portage Road, the main route west, which strikes from about the centre of the city and is continuous as the road to the Rocky Mountains. Then on either side are Broadway to the south, and Burrow's Avenue to the north, both leading westward — all of which are one chain and a half or two chains in width. Farm property just outside the city is, of course, held with some view towards the future extension of the city limits — the price varying from |30 to ^200 per acre within a radius of a mile of the out- side of the city limits. Mr. Burrows recently sold lots on the Magnus Brown property at auction and realized an average of $75 per lot. Mr. J. D. Parr, of the Dominion Lands Office, has just completed a beautitul plan of the city. The plan has been lithographed, and a view of it will give an excellent idea of the situation. Copies of it are for sale in Winnipeg by Mr. Parr. One of the best evidences of how much steady plodding industry and self-denial will serve a man in a new country, is to be found in the history of James Mulligan, Esq., one of the oldest; settlers in the Red River Settlemenv. This is the gentleman referred to on page 417 of Mr. Hargrave's " Red River," the following being the reference : " In May, 1865, on the opening of navigation, Mr. Mulligan had been invested with the office of ferryman, and had, in defiance of French intimida- tion, manfully done his duty throughout the whole season." u I,-- siJ %. Si' I' * >' ■n U^-. 28 ' Mr. Mulligan was formerly a member of H. M. 86th Regiment, and came to the Settlement in 1848. By his industry and frugality he has become one of the richest men in the North-West, being probably worth a quarter of million of dollars. His invest- ments in land have been judicious, producing the result we have already mentioned. Mulligan Ave- nue, in the western part of the city, commencing at the Assiniboine and intersecting the main thorough- fares, passes through land formerly owned by Mr. M., but now owned by Mr Burrows, who purchased it and set it out in town lots, making it a very desir- able locality for private residences. The following from the books of the Land Office for the month of July, 1874, is interesting: " Locations at the Land Office still show & large increase over any other month in the year. The entries for the month of July foot up 63,741 acres, sales 2,710 acres, warrants 3,040. For the month of August the locations were 47,?00 acres, besides purchases by cash and warrants of 6,246 acres. ^ One hundred and nineteen entries were made on one day — 1st September — at the Dominion Lands Office here. ' The Parish of St. Boniface, on the opposite or eastern side of the river, has not increased with the same strides as Winnipeg. For obvious reasons this has been the case, but though the river marks the eastern limit of civic progress, the time may not be distant when St. Boniface will be included within the Corporation. At present the buildings are scat- tered and not very numerous. The chief ones are the Cathedral, the Archbishop's Palace, the College,/ Asylum and convent. A neat two story building,, awUy to the north-east, was pointed out to us as the\ residence of Mr. Royal, ex-Provincial Secretary of 29 the Province. No doubt there is a reluctance to encourag-e any but French Canadians on that side of the river, and in this respect it will resemble the political and national divisions in Montreal, Quebec and Ottawa. TRADE— STATISTICAL. "When it is recollected that the city of Winnipeg is the key to the great North-West, some idea of the extent of its present trade may be formed. The . success of the Hudson's Bay Company in this respect is evidence enough of the important commercial value of the North-West country, from Lake Superi- or to the Rocky Mountains and the Arctic Ocean. The following figures from the Custom House may be relied upon as correct : Value of dutiable goods imported during the year ending 30th June, 1874 $1,415,594 Value of free goods during the same term 381,439 Total value of goods imported during the year 1,797,033 Total value of goods paid duty 1,472,220 . Value of goods placed in warehouse 8,763 Value of goods remaining in warehouse, and amount of duty chargeable thereon 4,073 Groods received in bond from other ports 65,389 Total amount of free goods from Ontario. 800,000 Whole amount of goods imported into the ^ .^ y Province from all sources during the ..„'.,.Vt year ended 30th June, 1874 2,662,422 Total amount of duties collected thereon $67,471 9% , -f iVj M 80 ITEMS. Value. Coal oil from U. S., gals 27,079 $ 5,417 " from Canada, gals 750 Common soap, lbs 131,252 7,515 Butter from United States, lbs... 100,006J 15,751 Cheese, " lbs... 17,070 2,035 Lard and tallow " lbs... 306,071 3,715 Malt, . " bushels... 2,349 2,773 Meal, " lbs... 778,184^ 62,872 llice, *• lbs... 28,206 1,631 Beer and porter in casks, from different places, casks 4,001 2,142 Tobacco (manufactured), and snuff', at 12^ p. c. and 10c. per lb lbs 162,823 43,774 Sugar, from different places, lbs. 911,556 71,181 Sugar candy and confectionery.. 51,877 10,632 Molasses, gals 11,133 6,656 Cabinetware, packages 2,007 .9,587 Carriages ^ 305 14,085 China, earthen and crockery ware, packages 967 5,623 Carpets, pkgs 59 7,256 Wearing apparel, cloth, pkgs 1,303 178,733 Cocoa and chocolate, lbs 8,236 641 Cordage, pkgs 245 4,323 Cottons, pkgs 1,280 112,149 Dried meats 1,337 14,020 Fancy Goods, pkgs 19,S 19,639 Sardines, pkgs "l^^', 1,226 Gunpowder, lbs 84,985 16,653 Guns, pkgs 292 26,554 Window glass 662 3,161 Glassware 411 6,644 Hats and caps, pkgs 86 9,474 Hosiery, pkgs 27 4,229 ' '.;- , --..1: t*- i 81 Hardware, pkgs ... 9,054 Jewelry, pkgs 24 Lumber, I'eet 3,240,492 136 180 140 10,038 20 Linen, pk<^H Boots and shoes Harness and saddlery, pkgs Manui'actures of wood, pkt^s Musical instruments, pkgs Machinery not elsewhere men- tioned,pkgs 148 Oils, gals 4,069 Paints and colors, pkgs 724 Paper of all kinds, pkgs 2,840 Pickles and sauces, pkgs 401 Preserved meats, poultry and / vegetables, pkgs 1,902 Shawls, pkgs 19 Silks, satins and velvets, pkgs... 85 Woolens, pkgs 2,606 Horses 122 Horned cattle, head 2,497 Sheep, head 1,381 Fruits of all kinds, green, pkgs.. 313 Tea, lbs 179,571 Coffee, green, lbs 7,219 " roasted or ground, lbs... 1,525 Fishing hooks, lines, etc., pkgs... 406 Eggs, doz 9,610 Flour of wheat and rye, lbs 2,413,095 Meal of all kinds, lbs 83,656 drain other than wheat and In- diancorn,lbs 1,531,265 Indian corn, lbs 16,749 Salt, lbs 132,578 Saw logs, feet 253,633 Value. 84,967 33,261 53,978 12,240 14,855 5,205 23,814 8,325 23,632 3,498 3,769 6,848 1,926 10,444 4,496 21,458 291,441 11,328 64,090 3,086 1,687 104,288 1,630 324 12,149 1,539 62,705 2,874 24,662 619 ; 1,764 1,887 ™! The above are among the chief articles imported 11^ i' u 1874 850,805 00 57,3!t)9 00 18,754 00 6,691 28 I ■ T" 82 during last year, the smaller items having been omitted. We have heard it upon good auchority that one firm — Kew, Stobart & Co. — sold nearly $150,000 worth of goods last year ; and we have heard of several firms whose sales will amount to sums varying from $50,000 to $125,000 each. Of course a large portion of these goods find their way into all parts of the North-West. The following comparative statement of the business of the Custom House for the month of July, 1873 and 1874, is from the books of the Custom House : 1873 Total imports 3162,088 00 For home consumpL'n 166,272 00 Freo iroods 46,276 00 Duty'. 5,502 34 Among the exports for the month, the principal item is dressed and undressed furs to the value of $85,665. The returns during the month of August and September, 1874, are as follows : AUGUST— IxMPORTS. Dutiable goods tor consumption. $47,33l:> Free goods ,..-. 22,374 Total imports 69,709 Am Mint of duty collooted $11,462 92 EXPORTS. Total amount $146,780 Of this sum furs amounted to $145,620, The duties collected during the first week of the present month of September amounted to $3,000. , . . . SEPTEMBER. •'> ■ -^ 1873 1874 Total value of imports..085,O45 00 896,003 00 •: -Goods entered for con- sumption 87,311 00 96,614 00 -^ Duty collected 3,683 40 11,204 40 33 One of the chief features of the local trade of the year has been the advent of the Mennonites. These people have arrived in the Province in batches of 200 and 300, and up to the present time have pro- bably made about two hundred and twenty entries, equal to not less than 35,200 acres, representing about one thousand persons, as the families will average more than four persons each. Various opinions have been expressed with regard to this class of settlers. Many who are not half as in- dustrious as these people, think that they will not benefit the country, as they are only capable of making a little advancement and then stopping short. This, h-^wever, cannot be borne out by the facts. The Mennonites have already spent upwards of $75,000 in the city of Winnipeg alone, in some in- stances cleaning out the stocks of some of the mer- chants and paying for them in gold. Owing to some stupid or intentional arrangements a party of them were detained two or three days at Moorhead, in Minnesota, and during that time they spent there in purchases a sum not less than $10,000. They are, w^e believe, a very desirable class of settlers, as they go right to work and don't seem to care for any- body. Mr. Hespeler, the Immigrant Agent in the Province, is very popular with them, and, indeed, with all classes ; and a more active, energetic and deserving Agent we have never seen in any of the Provinces before. METEOROLOGICAL. The following figures which have been kindly given to us by James Stewart, Esq., druggist, are of interest and importance. They are for the years 1872 and 1873: iziizi-, ^ ggggt;^«g I GO O rt> S^ re re O ^3 o o - £. M g P P ^ a rf- 3 re 11 i st te baro hum icity am't S.3 3 O - S o2, 2:333? ature . . c pressi of air. ueous V y cloud rt- re O • 3 p <» . . . mp'tui ure . , , • • • • rep.;;* • . . a'O • re • • re lO W CO to »f^ Ch »— t . Ot O CO • CO CO - » O O i-- o . tJi. 4i. 1— 1 WT - -J 3 w CO o ^ • o o en •-' • to M CO CO CO hn 1—1 Oi o o • CO CO CO .=^ O -5 • o • Ol *- O 05 -^ O 00 05 • o to o to 1 fc* b3 CO 1 >*^ •-' ;;;' 4:^ o 00 ■ to rf^ ^ £ O 00 -T o . -T 00 H- OS * * r- o HJ OS co- Oi to tr- co o ■ to CO t— 0> CO t> • o CO 1— ' -^ • C5 4^ CO -3 O "^ Oi 00 • CO I-* t-" • i-j O -a CO 00 00 en 00 ►-• 05 C5 . to to CO to -T cj> en to OS . to <35 I-* !r" w (<^ o oo . -a CO 1— ' • . . P co"^ 00 -;r Ci if>. M I—" • M to 00 *>■ 00 Oi i^ ►fw (fi. ~t . 1— CO rf^ r; CO Oi O CO • -^r 3i CO • - - a -T I— ' lU CD -^ -T CD, -T ■ CO co CO <^ fi. CO E, t—t lfl.rfi.-T- UX CO to O C( JO CO - CO en'r' C3T CO en CD -^ -T to h-i CO CO Aug. 62.4 94.3 1— " CO »;>. -t - -T tn O O I-' - 00 CO ►-' • ■• o -^ 1— ' to H- to CO to -T rfi. CB 05 to 00 - o> CI re o m 00 to -I m H-i • - . hS o to -T t(^ Cn OS <^ C5 CO to CO o o -^ CO _ 03 en C . . en I—" -J - h- « o w -» o - en to >-■ . . . O to oi to en CO !^ 41- to 1 -* CO 1 w ►-' !zj w to^ • OS CO • to O O CO o - 00 to h- en o I— to co- CO *Q0 < lli- en to 1 bJ CO 1 .^•:„^ • •*»■ CO • to O C^5 OJ O • Oi to t-i 05 00 CO 34 V\ >-' tn CO o to >2i^, ^^^wggtr^^g „1 re ^ re P 3 2 a g CO -C-Q.t!'-*-3 ►■S "^ p ^ P o' ^ ? 2 5 3 3 .5-- 3 P ^ crt? j5 3 re ■^3 fl- midity ' of aque 't of sky les per ] ount of roras . . under st re re 3 thly te m perat mperat m'tric ] O' cz:i-(>.^oo^^ is u 1- §|-§2g2. » : ^ .-^ -^ a t^ 03 H-» 44 to 00 tf^ en a - *- CO to 1 CO CO 1 CO CO ^T- 00 CJi •<» • CO en _. it^ .fl. !^ ifl- -T - • * 0> t— ' h-i 4^ CO CD • to en to 1 ^ I-' OJ r^ • CO 1 CO -T ^" Oi - • • » 03 • to ^ • £ 00 - to h-i tf>. to to 05 - to ;:? 05 ►- p- en cj< -T to CJ» - 00 CO to 1— 1 to 1 CD 1 en CO !> 00 . ,?>. c;i I-- C3 • C3 CO O'C F-i -T - tn - • to CO - . . 1-j ■^1 I-" CO CO 00 to it' en ^ CO . to CO to CO L5 -T 4^ g • CO • 05 - 00 00 CO g" to coV^ en CO 00 - • en ^ - CO en H-' -T en -» CO to CO CO rr' to - c CO 00 4^ . W >*>-*- Oi - to -T 00 • • t— CO - - CO 3 CO CO -a -T CO CO re 1 to h-" CD 05 tj ifi. ^ hf^ 05 • h*^ CD -cr c CO • £. en CO 05 - • 4i- til- C' to to 05 CO en -I - - «M -T en en • to >—> CO it' CO 05 h» . >t- iO tt^ Oi • CO CO 75 ^ en 'h-T' 0> ~5 OC - CO C;» - en 00 —^ If- CO CO 4^ to to 05 -T CD to 00 en 0: - - 05 en CO op - CO CO to « r^ ifk en to • • en 1— ' - - - tr en --I 00 en H-l i^ en 05 cf CO to • to I—' 1—' CO if^ - to )f». t-" 05 ',— ' 05 CO re HJ 05 en . . CO CO CD CD ■ e*- en CO en 05 -T • . H-1 HJ- Xi CO en -sj- • , to 1 CO 1 41. H.- fe! i-i CO -T '-' 00 • CO CO ~T CO - - ■ *- H-- - - ^ • 00 - .*.. 00 re -T H-i • • CO to ►-' - • c;< I-' to CO cc - 00 g.,- -a^ UJi>t en 00 to ■ 36 o w o t* o s Q > Remarks ^or 1872. The warm&st day in 1872 was the 9th of July, the mean temperature being 77.99. The coldest day in the year was the 24th December, the mean tem- perature being 31.17. The highest reading of the thermometer was 99.5 on the 27th July, and the lowest reading was 41.0, on the 24th December. The total depth of snow was 61.61 inches. The total depth of rain and melted snow was 30.17 inches The total number of days on which rain fell was 82 ; the duration in hours 384.16. The num her of days on which snow fell was 44; the duration in hours was 352.35. April 4 — Rooks and hawks seen. 7 — Ducks seen. 12 — Heavy storm of wind and snow. 24 — Robins seen. 25 — "Water beginning to rise in Red River. May 2 — Red River clear of ice. 4 — Assiniboine clear of ice. 12 — Frogs heard. 18 — Whip-poor-will heard. 20 — Swallows seen. 24 — Mosquitoes seen and felt. Sept. 25 — Heavy storm of wind and snow from N.E. Oct. 19. — Atmosphere full of smoke from burning : -''Iries. Nov. ■' . '^ ';e forming on Assiniboine river. 1 . ^ siniboine frozen over. 18— ! ed River frozen over. " , Remarks for 1873. The warmest day during the year 1873 was the 26th of June, the mean temperature being 78.22. The coldest day during the year was the 31,?t Janu- ary, 'he mean temperature behig — 29. The hio-]iest I S6 reading of the thermometer was 94.3, on the 20th July ; and the lowest readmg was — 36, on the 21st February, showmg a range of 130.3 during the year. The total depth of rain that fell w^as 13.58 inches; the total deptii. of rain and melted a now that fell was 17 05 inches. The total number of days on which snow fell was 103, and the total duration in hours was 594 00 Jan. 8 — Heavy storm of wind and snow from N. March 30 — Snow almost disappeared. April 25 — Red Iliyer almost clear of ice. May 21 — Swallows first seen. July 16 — Heavy thunder storms from S. "W. Sept. 7 to 20 — Atmosphere full of smoke from burning prairie. Oct. 28 — Red River frvj. )ver. Last year the winter set i^ T^ery early, and it was unusually severe. These observations were made by Mr. Stewart, Druggist, on Main street, in the city of Winnipeg. RENTS, WAGES, ETC. Rents are high, especially those of houses situated in central localities. There are very few first class residences, and these are chiefly occupied by the owners. In the suburbs small dwelling houses rent from $10 to $20 per month. Medium sized ones from $30 to f45. Large ones from $-t5 to $60. The rents of stores on Main r^reet vary from $300 per year to $3,000. The Davis Hotel, previously described, was let last year for $5,000 per annum. The renij demanded for hotels are exceedingly high, and many consider them exorbitant. Board may be obtained from $4 to $10 per week; $6 is the average for tolerably good board. Salaries of clerks are, of course, high in proportion, but like almost every city in Canada the market for all kinds of clerks is 37 pretty well overstocked. Mechanics can make money. Laborers can find steady employment at from $2.50 to $3 per day. Hitherto the market has been very well supplied, but recently the demand has increased owing to the call for work in various directions. Almost any one having a few dollars can find a safe and profitable investment, and in this way many young men Jiving on small salaries have been enabled to do very well by prudent invest- ments. INCORPORATION OP THE CITT. The first application from the people of Win- nipeg for a city charter was made in September 1^72, the population then being estimated at 1,500. The application was made to the Local Legislature by bill. This was altered and amended by the House to suit the interests of a certain well known company of monopolists and their supporters and was then sent to the Upper House for concurrence In the meantime a deputation of the people were heard at the bar of the Upper House, and subse- quently the " Lords" re-amended the bill in accor- dance with the wishes of the people, but the Lower House declared the proceedings out of order, and the people, in appreciation of the Speaker's decision, gave that functionary a coat of tar and feathers and submitted him to other indignities, the same having been intended for Attorney-General Clarke, who could not be found. The last application for a Charter was made in September, 1873, and it was successful, as has been indicated in the beginning of this sketch. . t li ■k- -1 ' ■ 88 GENERAL REMARKS. In all of the pamphlets which we have read pre- tending to giA'e a description of the Province, we have seen none in which the boundaries are given. Mr. Spence, who has piiblished a very Tiseful pamphlet for the information of the Immigrant, like other pamphleteers, omits to give the boundaries, and the limits of the proposed extension. This, though not a very serious omission, ought to have been included, as immigrants like to know the di- mensions and the boundaries of the Province, as well as the resources of it. In looking at the map, the Province of Manitoba, as at present defined, is but a square on the great checker-board. Its pre- sent boundaries m:iy be thus indicated: Beginning at the south-east corner of the prairie about where the international boundary line intersects the 96th meridian, it follows the same northerly for a dis- tance of 90 miles ; thence it runs due westerly 130 miles ; thence southerly until it intersects the boun- dary line. The shape is that of a parrallelogram. It is proposed to extend the limits of the Province to the waters of Lake Superior, but the Province of Ontario objects to this. It is, therefore, probable that the extension east will be limited to the Height of Land, midway between the 90th and 91st meri- dian of west longitude. The following extract from the Report of the Delegates of the Executive Council to Ottawa, with regard to the claims of Manitoba upon the Dominion, will convey a good idea of the future extent of the Province : " Commencing at a point where the western boundary of the Province of Ontario intersects the boundary line between the United States of America and the Dominion of Canada, thence due north along- 39 the said western bo-undary of the Province of Onta" rio to Hudson's Bay ; thence north-westerly alonj^ the shore of the said Bay to the narallel of 60 deg. of north latitude to the meridian o 100 degrees of west longitude from G-reenwich ; thence due south along the said meridian of 100 degrees of west longitude to the boundary line between the United States of America and the Dominion of Canada ; and thence easterly along the said boundary line between the United States of America and the Dominion of Ca- nada, to the place of beginning." Now, the area of the Province is equal to 9,000,- 000 of acres. The area when the proposed enlarge- ment takes place will be about 279,000 statute square miles, or about 178,700,000 acres — an extent of coun- try nearly equal to the the two oldest Provinces of the Dominion, and more than twenty-five times that qf Manitoba as at present constituted. it will then possess a seaport on Hudson's Bay, and should the eastern limit be fixed on Lake Supe- rior, the Province would have a lake port there — There will still remain ter.dtory enough to form three first-class Pro »dnces west of the 100th meridian and east of the Rocky Mountains. The following, from a pamphlet published by the Dommion Grovernment, may be relied upon as gene- rally accurate : " The soil of Manitoba, which is mostly prairie, and covered with grass, is a deep alluvial deposit of unsurpassed richness. It produces bountiful crops of cereals, grasses, roots and vegetables." The extension of the western boundary of the Province will include i:h e Little Saskatchewan river, on the banks of which is the colony of Mr. John Ralston. This settlement by next year will comprise 200 families. It was got up through the exertions of Mr J. Ralston, well known in the Ottawa valley for M.1 40 his enterprise. Mr. Ealston has had his town sur- veyed and laid out. He has named it Almonte, after the thriving town in Ontario. Being admirably situated for manufacturing purposes, it will rapidly rise into usefulness as a manufacturing place. The following are the remarks of Prof. Hind on the country in the immediate vicinity of the Little Sas- katchewan : " The Eapid River rises from the densely wood- ed flanks of the Rocky Mountains, through a narrow excavated valley filled with balsam, poplar, and an undergrowth of cherry and dog-wood, with roses, convolvuli and various creepers. The slopes are covered with poplar eighteen inches in diameter. — Descending the river, groves of poplar and spruce show themselves, with thick forests of aspen and poplar covering the plateau on either hand. The river is here forty feet wide, with a very rapid cur- rent. Before it makes its easterly bend, the ash- leaved maple shows itself in groves, and on both sides is an open, undulating country, attractive and fertile, with detached clumps of young trees spring- ing up in all directions. The region unwatered by the Little Saskatchewan continues rich and beautiful until withm twenty-hve miles of the Assiniboine, so that it may with propriety be stated, that for a dis- tance of seventy-iive miles this river meanders through a country admirably adapted for settle- ment." Mr. Ralston deserves every credit for the push and the enterprise that he has displayed in forming and perfecting his colony, and success is likely to crown his industry and activity. So rich and inexhaustible is the soil that wheat has been cropped off the same place for forty years without manure and without showing signs of ex- haustion. It is especially a wheat growing soil, and % 'I ( 41 is believed to contain the most faA^orable conditions tor the ijrowth oi' this crrain on the continent. Pumpkins, potatoes and roots of all sorts grow to perfection. Strawberries, currants (red and black), raspberries, plums, cherries and blueberries, whortle- berries, cranberries, both bush and marsh, grow wild and in abundance. Flax is very luxuriant. The wild grasses of the country, which are very- nutritious, are particularly favorable to stock- raising of all sorts. Cattle can be liittened in Mani- toba, and driven to St. Paul without loss of weight. There are large tracts of woods along the streams. The beetroot grows in great abundance, but the saccharine qualities of the sugar beet have not yet been tested. Manitoba is situated in the middle of the conti- nent, nearly equally distant between the Pole and the Equator, and the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. — Its climate gives a condition of decided heat in sum- mer and decided cold in winter. The snow goes away and ploughing begins in April, which is about the same time as in the older Provinces of Canada, and the northern United States on the Atlantic sea- board, and the north-western States of Minnesota and Wisconsin. The crops are harvested in August. The long sunny days of summer bring vegetation of all sorts to rapid maturity. The days are warm and the nights cool. Autumn begins about the 20th September, and lasts till the end of November, when the regular frosts set in. The winter proper com- prises the months of December, January, February and March. Spring comes in April. The summer months are part of May, June, July, August and part of September. In winter the thermometer sinks to thirty and forty degrees below zero ; but this degree of cold in the dry atmosphere of the North-West does not produce any unpleasant sensa- 4t 42 tions. The weather is not felt to be any colder than in the Province ol' Quebec, nor so cold as milder winters in climates where the frost, or even a less degree of cold than frost, is accompanied with damp- ness. The testimony is abundant, in fact, universal, on this point.' Indeed it is, and the above is no fancy sketch. It is the simple truth, and when compared with the extravagant and untruthful pamphleteers of the Western States it is at once suggestive of Canadian truth, honor and modera- tion. Dr Jackes, of the city of Winnipeg, formerly of Ontario, but who has spent three years in the I'ro- vince, declares that the climate is excellent for all kinds of invalids, especially for those affected with pulmonary complaints. In a special interview with the doctor on this subject, we were assured that evidence is not wanted in support of this as- sertion. The doctor, himself, was affected with in- cipient consumption, and since he came to the Province he has entirely recovered. He believes that the climate of Manitoba is even preferable for this class of invalids, as it is drier, steadier, and the Province is better situated. There can be no doubt ox this because the testi- mony is uniform. This fact must not be lost sight of by our valetudinarians, many of whom now go to St. Paul to recover, and who are strangers in a strange land. Here they would find themselves among their countrymen, subject to tha,t hospitality and attention which are proverbial amongst Cana- dian and oldcountry people alike. Another feature, too, is the quickness with which all kinds of ffesh wounds heal. The dryness and purity of the at- mosphere will account for this. l> '.1':i i ~ji^^.: :..vjLi.. 43 LOCAL RETAIL MARKETS. The following from " the Manitoban " of the 3rd October is interesting : Wheat, none offering worth per bush $1 30 to 00 Barley .". 1 25 to 1 50 Oats 1 00 to 1 12 Rye none Flour, per cwt 3 25 to 4 00 Pollard " 150 to 2 00 Bran, per ton 30 00 to 00 Potatoes, per bu 60 to 75 Onions, " 2 00 to 2 50 Beef, per lb 12 to 20 Veal 12 to 15 Pork— salt 18 to 00 fresh 00 to 13 Eggs, per doz 25 to 30 Butter— fresh 30 to 35 salt, imported 25 to 30 Cheese, imported, per lb 20 to 25 home made none Pemican, per lb 20 to 00 Buffalo tongues, each 50 to 60 Dried meat, per lb 15 to 00 Salt, per bu 2 00 to 00 Wood, per cord 5 00 to 1 00 Hay, perton 8 00 to 00 Buffalo Robes 7 50 tol3 00 Buffalo leather, per skin 2 00 to 3 00 Moose leather, per skin 6 00 to 7 00 Deerskins, each 5 00 to 7 00 Sinews, each 12 to 00 ' . - • / , + ir.iw. ^ •• _;.- ■-■■ ■ ■ i- - /• : -^ r' f -rt:"'"'^ - ' ■' ' ■■'. ''. ■;'(■> 'j 44 The following items, from the " Daily Free Press" of the 2nd and 21st of September, are of ('special interest: " The auction sale of city lots npon the Mag:nu& Brown homestead addition — the Burrows property — at the Davis House last evening, passed oif extreme- ly well. Seventy-live lots were sold at an average price of $35 each. These lots are situated west of McGregor street The prices obtained were higher than it was expected, probably owing to the prevail- ing opinion regarding the location of the Pembina Branch Kailway crossing at Point Douglas." '' " One more item of taxes paid to-day. Mr. Bur- rows handed the collector his check for $417, being the third largest amount of individual tax on the roll. This does not include the school tax, and re- presents, according to the present rate of taxation, over $40,000." THE GRASSHOPPERS. ' A good deal has been said about the ravages of this insect, and its destructive properties are greatly exaggerated* There is no dou.bt at all that as the country settles up these pests, and they come only at rare intervals, ean be reduced to a minimum. As more land is brought under cultivation their dam- age will be comparatively light, and exx)erience will no doubt suggest many ways of disarming them of their power to commit much harm. They can hardlv be taken into consideration when there is anything like comparative settlement, ■"- 'v •- • Not only is there a great future in store for our G-reat North-West, but it is a near future too. Im- migration and civilization travel very fast now-a- days, and there is hardly anything in the past won- derful as it has been, that will compare with what J,*'! 45 IS hkely to happen in this country within the novf sustain a dense and vigorons population -.^-if- J ) . m WINNIPECx AS IT WAS I The first question of importance that obtrudes itself on one's mind on arriving at a strcnge place is, whero shall one put up? and in reaching this settle- ment it strikes us with double force. We are •rjpeaking antecedently. In 1859 Mr. Henry Mc- Kenney, of Amherstburg, Ontario, opened a hotel for the accommodation of travellers, and it is the only one and the first that has been started here ; the accommodations are good considering the diffi- culties he had to encounter, to explain which we will take a sti oil through this part of the settlement. Landed on the banks of the muddy river we at once discover that wharves, even though they be of a ricketty character, are a great accommodation com- pared with their total absence, and much more so in a muddy than a stony I'^'iality; we get an ox cart and have our moveables brought to the hotel, when we are at liberty to move around a little. Discover- ing that there is no town or v^^age, wo enquire for the nearest pari of the settlement, and are informed that it is much about the same for twenty or thirty- miles ; we look for some street, sidewalk, or row of business houses for the accommodation of so many 48 people, but find none : we enquire for the stores wanted to supply the demand for home and foreign articles, and are told that they are very numerous all the way, both up aud down, and that every other house in this locality u one. Let us take a walk around the stores — we travel a mile or two below the forks of the rivers and see no siirns bearina* either — si«:ns "GKOCERTi^:S .VND PROVLSIONS/' "HARDWARE," DRY (100 r>s," :!ir or "Licensed to Sell Ale, Wine and Spirituous Liquors." No person is apparently troubled with the modern maladies, " Cheap for Cash," " Small Profits and Quick Eeturns," " Selling out at 20 per cent, below cost," " Fall and Winter Stock just re- ceived—Call and See," "No Credit," "Positively Cash," etc.; there is no fear of stumbling over goods on the roadside, and no window decorated with "Ayer's Ague Cuie," " II. R. R.," or the thousand and one store ornaments of our cousin Jonathan. We return, anything but pleased at our acute- ness in not findmg a store where every other house is one, and ask it every other house is exposed or concealed. The good natured Half-breed points towards three or four houses and says, there are llr McDermot's stores, but he may not be in — you will find him in that house, ^-nost likely ; and he bids us good day with a twinkle in his eye as much as to say, "w ell, you must be very ' green;' what country did you come from when you do not even know a store ?" We can merely say " good day," take the implied taunt with a grain of salt — live and learn — and start for the store. Arrived there we confront a lot of old buildings without any windows, and a rough looking door with a strong padlock, the whole •Ir 49 bearing the air of a dilapidated barn, used to store odds and ends. \Ye conclude to buy something, and after hunting up Mr. McD. we enquire if he has so-and-30 He answers in the affirmative and we again arrive at the store; the door being opened, light is admitted, and a smell is experienced strong- ly redolent of dried hides, Indian dressed skins, groceries, etc. Upon enterhig, the eye searches in vain for counters, shelves, or the modern appurtenances of a store. A rusty pair of old b.^ lances supply the place of scales, and a larger pair of the same variety an- swers the place of the "platform." On the floor is a mowing machine recently imported, a lot of parch- ment skins {dressed raw buffalo hides), and moose skins for making moccasins. In a corner are a lot of these Indian shoes (moccasins); a box of tea and tobacco opened, with many untouched ; a lot of va- rious colore A. and sized beads in a box containing a lot of sundries; various other articles scattered about on the rough table-shaped counter, or the similarly constructed shelves ; in a corner are a lot of barrels containing nails, sugar, and such commoditic- , to make up the balance. Ovir demands beinj? servea but our curiosity as yet unsatisfied, we as! >r -ome other article, of which there are many thai k* )m fancy, and, in the meai-Hme, direct our attention 1 the receptacle overhand, and are informed that those bales, three feet long and a foot square al the end, containing a lot of broad, thin, long slices of brown- ish colored material, streaked with whitish yellow, are bundles of dried meat. This is buffalo meat, dried on the plains and pre- pared for keeping or exportation ; each slice will be one-fourth of an inch thick, eight to ten inches wide, and from two to four feet long, with streaks of fat of various widths interspersed. Seeing a little urchin 7 -rl' V, f^ 50 who has entered by the open door munching away at this article, curiosity tempts us to taste it. At first it is hard, brittle and tasteless, but as it is masti- cated, a bland, mawkish taste is experienced -*- mawkish, because the idea of prv^served meat in a mind accustomed to the hal)its of ordinary life, is always accompanied with the existence of salt, but here it is totally absent, and the only comparison we can make is the taste oi" dried blood — it' the taste has ever been experienced ; — but such is custom, that, in time, this article of meat becomes quite pal- atable, infinitely more so than the salt horse which is customary in most places. In looking around we see some very odd looking hard hide-covered oblong lumps. Strike them with the foot and they are found to be as hard and appa- rently as he:",'y as a stone ; the simple answer on enquiry is, " that is i^emican" — as much as to say, who is so little acquainted with the world as not to know what pemican is ? Why, here we could scarcely live without it — it is the veritable " staiF of life" either for the voyageur or the settler The scripture stalf of life does not obtain in this country. Let us examine this article more closely ; w^e find that each piece weighs in the neighborhood of a hundred x^ounds, and is from two and a half to three feet long, fifteen to twenty inches wide, and from seven to nine inches thick, fiat on the sides and rounded on the edges; it is covered w^th buffalo hid s, the hair of which has not been removed from some ; on others there is none at all, because in summer time the l^ufi'alo has but very little hair, it not being required in the warm w^eather, and we find that there is a seam all around the edge where the two pieces forming- the envelope are united, lilnquiry informs us that it contains dried meat pounded up fine and mixed wdth fat. a a id. lat 51 Having heard so imicli about the fur trade wo would expect to see something of its existence more than two or three robts, a fox and a few beaver or mink skins, but find that there are only some that came in during the last few days, as the whole of the stock had been either sent to York Factory for transportation to lilngland or to St Paul for ihe American market. They are only collected in the winter time or early in spring and are always sent away every spring. Here is a collection of very line sewed work in beads, silk and a uill, and admiring the very neat in fact artistic workmanship exhibited in the llower and leaf representations and from see- ing so many Indians oround one would be inclined to commend the skill of the ladies of the forest, but are informed that it is altogether the work of Half- bieeds, that the Indian women do not take the patience should they have the skill to perform it, which with the majority is rather questionable. All of their work is of the rudest kind and the few figures they trace on any of their fancy work shows great want of taste and accuracy in outline. Having sufficiently trespassed on the merchant's kindness, and being furnished with a key to discover stores in future, the want of windows, we continue our course and find out afterwards that Mr. McD. is about as wealthy as any other man in the settlement and does more business than any other excepting the Com- pany, and that in those stores many thousand pounds of goods change hands every year, and the building with all its conveniences would not sell here for more than the estimated value of the logs of which it is composed. On the opx:)osite side of the river Mr. Kittson, an American, has ;x store that would come nearer to fulfilling what our estimate of one should be, and several trades of later arrival are op- posing the long cherished customs which have pre- II '€1 52 vailed on this point. But here as elsewhere illicit traffic in spirituous liquors begins to prevail, and although it is contrary to law to sell any liquor to an Indian within forty miles of the settleiaent, at several places in the summer time tents may be seen where the all powerful " white eye" can be obtained by going through with the necessary formdities. to avoid infringing the letter of the law. A Half-breed or a white man can of course purchase and through these the infatuated Indian often wreaks his own destruction either by being drowned, found dead, or falling by the drunken hands of his associates ; nor is it confined to the male sex alone : many of the females, we may say all, drink as much as they can get and lie out in the bush without protection or even food, where, hard as they are and used to ex- l)osure, they succumb to the fire water. FASHIONS. We will now direct our steps towards the Com- pany's depot which, as before stated, is on the banks of the Assiniboine at it.s junction with the lied River. As we approach we see a lot of buildings enclosed within a stone wall about fifteen feet high with a small circular tower rising above either corner facing the rivers ; these are pierced for guns, but no muzzles are protruding to warn ofTthe foe At the gateway is a red coat or sentry and several others moving around. A hundred men of the Royal Canadian Rifles have been stationed here for some years back, at the Company's expense, to inti- midate the Sioux and other Indian tribes, but they were removed in the fall of 18(31. On entering the enclosure we find a suit of buildings occupying the centre, the Grovernors residence and officers quar- ters, on the right the store, and on the left the bar- racks. In the rear are the storehouses surrounded -r- 53 by a high, close, wooden fence. One is struck with the apparent ease which exists among all the by- standers ; each one is engaged in conversation or smoking with all the dignity and composure we would expect to find in a potentate w^ho made every- thing tremble at his nod. Mile. Demorest's Mirror of Fashion is not sub- scribed to in this locality, nor are the latest importa- tions from Paris paraded before the eyes of the community by tailors and modistes. The bonnet is an invention that can be scsrcely said to have been introduced in place of the handkerchief, shawl or fashionable piece of broadcloth which serves as the covering for the head and shoulders when the long black hair, nature's protector, is considered insuffi- cient. Long dresses, crinoline, and patent leather shoes neither retard nor assist the motions of the fair. The dress is the pattern that existed among the mid- dle classes of the old countries long, long ago, rather short than otherwise, with the addition of that part of the female costume common among the Indians, consisting of pantalettes about eighteen inches long, composed of black cloth ornamented with variously coloied beads according to the fancy of the wearer, and covering the ankles. The feet are encased in neatly made moccasins with either silk or bead-work fronts, which undoubtedly serve to show olFthe neat- ness of the foot better than any other variety of slip- per that could be invented. Now and then some parties may be noticed who w^ear the more modern innovations, but they are few, and at first sight a stranger is innclined to consider the appearance of the Ked River ladies as very tame and forbidding, but in time the sex gains the mastery (as ladies will command attention and respect, no matter how apparently absurd the fashion may be M J- 54 . that they are inclined to adopt) and the mode, arter a time, ceases to be an object oi' remark. The dress of the men is various but is not so much an object of curiosity ; it may be summed up as con- sisting of a cloth cap, woolen or cotton shirt, vest, coat, pants and moccasins, which are worn as a whole or in part. Owing to the occupation of the individual, some partake more or less of the dress of the untutored savau'e himself. c c T pi <7( 55 H. 8. DOI^aALDSON & BRO., Cornel' Main and Assinihoine Streets, Sign of the BUj ]I «/c/j and Book, are now g/wtvinff the larffesl and most varied alack of Books, Stationery, Fancy Goods, Clocks, Watches and Jewelry \\cd of St. Paul. School Books, Drawing ilateriah, Wall Taper, Pictures and Frames, Croquet Sets, Locroase, Cricket Materials, etc., etc. Also, Fine ■fetvelry in Bright and Colored Gold, of the latest designs. Gold and Silver Watches hy Bussell and other celebrated Makers. Agents for Lazarus <5* Morris's Ce'chrated Perfected Spectacles, to suit all sights. L-L"l Main Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba. investment Agency, Real Insurance and General Agent. The Subscriber is prepared io make investments in this Province on eligible security — First Mortgages, etc., — at rates of interest varying from 10 to 15 per cent. All ir for nation regarding Investments promptly stip^,lied on aptplication. JOHN IIREDEN, 106 P. O. Box, Winnipeg. REFERENCE— Merchants Bunk of Canada, Winnipeg. ^0¥M SCHULTZ, Office on Main Street, Winnipeg, next door io MeMicken's Bank, CEALER IN FURS AND REAL ESTATE. Agent for Manitoba Investments in Mortgages on Real Estate. Improved Farms in Uie Settlement Belt, and City Lots in IVinnipefr for Sale. JOHN RALSTON, (Founder of Ralston's Colony, I.ittle Saskatchewan,) Ojfers Jor sale Lots in the new Town ofAlmonle, situated in the centre of the Colony on the IJttle Saskatchewan, 140 miles due West of Winnipeg. The Town n located at the very best eroxsing of the lAttle Sa.tkafchetmn, and wilt probably be in the immediate vicinity of the Canadian Pacific Railway. TERMS— $25 pel' lot, 66 by 120 feet, half cash, balance in one year. Purchasers bound to erect building within one year. For further ififormitiion addreti G. B. ELLI02 T, Esq., Winnipeg P.O., Manitoba, 11 66 i MANITOBA COLLEGE, W^INNIPEG-. BOARD OF MANAGEMENT : A. G. B. BANNATYNE, Chairman. Rev. THOMAS HART, M.A. Secretary. D. MACARTHUR, Esq., Treasurer. Rev. John Black. Gilbert McMicken, Esq. Hon. William Fraser. Rev. jiMex. Matheson. John Sutherland, M.P.P. Hon. D. A. Smith, M.P. Duncan Sinclair, E'^q. Kenneth McKenzie, Esq. Hon. Donald Gnnn. John F. Bain, Esq. Rev. Sam'l Donaldson, B.A. JRev. Prof. Bryce. REV. aEOEaE BRYCE, M.A., PiofeKhor of Science and Litoratmrn. REV. THOMAS HART, M.A., Tiofossior of Classics and Modem r.»nntmp:o;!. REV. JOHN BLACK, ) REV. JAMES ROBERTSON, j Lecturars iu Special Course. This CoUoge, like Upper Canada College, Toronto, educates for second year in tb(^ Xlniveraity of Toronto. Commercial Department specially attended to. Student prepared for Surveying, Medicine, etic. InHtruction is also given to Theological Stu- ileuts. Two Medals presented by the Governor General are open for competition. Calendar, with Fees and Board rates, can be had from Prof. Bryce. i \-l ALFRED W. BimUO'WS, Winnipeg, Manitoba, OFt .^RS FOR SALE 1,600 City Lots in Winnipeg, tiemente. "" ^"""bo'no Boad_le«dmg to the Set. prop?.r^prZf ptpe^iesT slrV'^^"^ ^'P™-'«' "^ '"e Lot8 for building and Senpf iirf hidewallis, Tree Planting, Free and having re.efve3 a p ip„rtSn of !hn ? {"'T^'"^ "■«'■'' ""*"">>• n,a^ be assured Of co„tS-Str^*:,[^/S;^r^!ir'^-'"™ Towr:f M:?ri^,^L^„=':« ^ '» «:Jli^'» -bdiviaion of the • with the Red River an j.f„i\' Southern B.K, (Manitoba) a view to fnter/o'^'SerdSL^Xer'*'' ""*"'"^ "'•=^'«' -'* addr^d^lLS^,:P-<^*h« -inter in Ontario and maybe '^ Cai-eof G. & H. B.Morphy, Solicitors, etc.. ' EXPRESS BUILDINGS, IT I O SE I WINNIPEG, MANITOBA. The nOBEUTS' HOUSE is well wortliy the nttontiou and patronage of tlio lirHt-cIass travelling and commercial public. It has a froutage of 150 feet on Second Stn-et (three stories higli), and 100 feet on Chambers Street, commanding the motst interesting view of the City of Winnipeg for miles above and below the Fort. Being cent/ally located near the Post Ollice, BnsineBS Hourcr, Banks, etc., renders it tlie most desirably situated Hotel in Winnipeg. The long expotiencc of the subscriber in hotel life in Canada and the United States is a sufficient guarantee, at least, to his nu- merous fri(;nds and acquaintances, that the Hotel will bo kept in a manner to secure the comfort of its guests and the patronage of tbo travelling public. The Hotel is furnished throughout in a superior manner, and everything is arranged with a view to the comfort of the guests. The Office, Dining Booms, Wash, Billiard, Bar, Closets and Cloak Px5oms are on the ground floor. The Billiard Room Will Im) under the able management of MR. D. W. CBONN, from Chicago, late of the firm of J. M. Brunswick, Balk & Co. N.B. — Tho house is thoroughly new in every respect. In connection with the House is A COMMODIOUS LIVERY STABLE. Winnipeg, September, 1874.