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 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 I t 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 1 : #■ 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
■2.<t . f 
 
 f -t.-^^ , 
 
 CHICAGO, ILLINOIS. 
 
 PALMER HOUSE 
 
 rjIHE only Fire Proof Hotel in the city, 
 and the most comfortable ; conducted 
 
 on both the American and European 
 plans. 
 
 PATRONIZED BY THE 
 
 PRINCESS LOUISE 
 
 AND 
 
 PRINCE LEOPOLD, 
 
 ALSO CONSTANTLY BY 
 
 Lord and Lady DUFFERIN 
 
 AVHEN- IN CHICAG-O. 
 
 ■ 1 
 
 Rooms with Meals, 
 
 3 Dolls, a Day and upwards. 
 
 Without Meals, 
 
 3 Dolls, a Day and upwards. 
 

 CORSICA. CORSICA. 
 
 AJAGCIO. 
 
 The Peirl of Winter Resorts in Eorope. 
 
 From six to eight degrees warmer in temperature than 
 any station on the Riviera. 
 
 NO DUST, NO HIGH WINDS, NO MISTRAL. 
 
 rilHE BAY OF AJACCIO is one of the safest, 
 J- largest, and most beautiful in the Mediterranean 
 Sea, and is the best anchoring station for yachts 
 cruising during winter. The historical associations of 
 the town are universally known. The whole island is 
 inexhaustible in scenic effects, and artists have found 
 unlimited scope in subjects. Its mountainous districts 
 surpass even those of Switzerland in wildness, without 
 having its drawbacks, as they are accessible at all 
 times of the year. The fishing is superior, and good 
 shooting can be had. 
 
 Easy and accelerated Steamboat communication 
 between Marseilles, Nice, and Leghorn. 
 
 Invalids will find the quiet and repose so necessary 
 to their recovery, whereas the healthy can have ample 
 recreation and exercise. PROVINCIAL- I *'" ARr* 
 
B. BRADSHAWS 
 
 ABC 
 
 DICTION APvY 
 
 TO THK 
 
 UNITED STATES, 
 
 CANADA, & MEXICO, 
 
 SHOWING "HE MOST IMPORTANT TOWNS AND POINTS 
 
 OF INTEREST. 
 
 WITH MAPS, ROUTES, SiC, 
 
 ALSO 
 
 LAEGE GE]NERAL SKELETON :^[AP 
 
 188G. 
 
 All Rljhffi Reset- red. Ci>piiri'j}tt. 
 
 LONDON: Trubnek c^ Co., 57 & 59, Liicloate Hill. 
 
 & Co. 
 MEXICO: Thomas Cook & Sox. 
 
 NEW YORK: IxTEKKATioxAr. NkwsCo. | SAN FRANCI8C0: Svmli t. Cvr«^ox 
 CHICAGO : R\XD, McNally & Co. ; 
 
 Mac C^r.UKG & Co. 
 MONTREAL: C. R. Ciiisiior.M & Co. 
 
 MELBOURNE, SYDNEY, & ADELAIDE, (ii :o. RonKirrsox Si Co., Limitkd ; 
 PARIS: 2"), Ruo do la Paix. NJCE : 2 {, Avciiuo dc l.i(;;ir,!, H. Bkadsh aw A: Co.; ' 
 BERLIN, LEIPZIG, & VIENNA, F. A. Buockhms; MILAN, FLORENCE, & 
 ROME, Ermaxo Lokschkh; MADRID, Baillv, Baillieuks & Co. 
 
(Z 
 
 I 
 
 ihs 
 
 \ 
 
 LoNDOIf : 
 
 WATERLOW BROS. & LAYTON, 
 
 2i & 25, BiKCniy Lane, E.G. 
 
I' E E r A C E . 
 
 The lendenfy of tlio presont nf*Q is ever towards a search for more cxtcntled 
 iiiul now fields of tnivol, whether for Ijiisiuess or j)loiisurc. This has 
 iiKhu'oil lis to coin])ile this ^uide. Our iiitfUtiou has heen to l;e as brief 
 as jxjssible, consistent with clearness and precision. Wo hope we havo 
 (?iiccee(h)d, at least to some extent, and that this work maybe found worthy 
 of the attention of the travellini^ pul^Iic. 
 
 In the tables of fares, times, etc., at th'j end of the volume, no effort has 
 been spared to ensure accuracy, as far as iiossiblo ; the distances aro ^iveu 
 by the shortest lines, which arc named. It should be noted, however, that 
 the shortest routes in distance do not in every instance make the shortest 
 time, owing to the condition of the track. The fares aro those in force at 
 the time of go'nvj; to i)ress, but they aro beiiig continuiiUy altered owinj^ to 
 competition and " pools." Those named aro, it is believed, a fair averaj,'e. 
 
 To many places of considerable local importance no route whatever is 
 j^ivcn, which in every case ik owluij to thr oniiggiun (if the Ginrntl I'lmneiigei' 
 m/c«/j* of the lines loatling t(j the same to furnish the needed information. 
 The reader may fairly assume th.it such American lines as offer much 
 temptation to the English tourist travel— and which can accommodate that 
 trattic- are glad to get a notice of their enterprises placed before intending 
 English travellers, especiall3' where it costs nothing to do so. The reader 
 may therefore also assume that no line of travel, which its managers feel 
 to be first class, is omitted from the following pages. 
 
 In future editions a larger amount of detailed informaticm, under such 
 heads as hotels, doctors, bankers, dentists, etc., will bo given. This year 
 we had only time to visit personally the Presidents and leading officers of 
 the American Trunk Lines, and our reception by such men as Mr. 
 Vanderbilt, Mr. Huntington, Mr. Garrett and others was more than ccjrdial. 
 Next season we hope to bo able to visit man}' of the General Passenger 
 agents who did not seetheir wa.y torci)ly to our applications for information. 
 This was an omission on their part, which thej' now possibly see reason to 
 regret. At any rate, their want of courtesy in this matter has compelled us 
 to narrow theidan of our work, as we naturallj' reckoned on being supplied 
 with information by the railwaj* companies, whose first interest should bo 
 to make their respective districts known. A personal inspection of every 
 town and place of interest on our part is well nigh impossible over territories 
 of such immense extent. 
 
 The large map intended to accompany this work could not be got ready, 
 for similar reasons ; and we beg to express our thanks to Messrs, Thomas 
 Cook & Son for lending us their maps for this issue. 
 
 LoxDON : Imperial Buildings, 
 
 Ludgate Circus, E.C. 
 Nice : 23, Avenue de la Gare. 
 •3Ut jHlt/M;^ ^ |x .J 
 
 B. BRADSHAW & CO. 
 
 a2 
 
TAIiLE OF CO^'TEXTS. 
 
 UNITED STA.TES. 
 
 PiiEP.VRATORV 
 
 *■• **• 4,1 
 
 D.^-sei-iMtion and Maps of so:no of the important Railways 
 Dosoription of Towns 
 
 PAOE. 
 
 7 
 U 
 iQ 
 
 CANADA. 
 
 Pui:pak.vtouy 
 
 Description of the Canadian Grand Trunk Railway 
 
 Description of Towns 
 
 19.J 
 199 
 
 2<;2 
 
 MEXICO. 
 
 Phepabatokt 
 
 Doscyiption of the Mexican Central Railway 
 
 Description of Towns 
 
 219 
 230 
 211 
 
 TABLE OF PARES, 
 
 Timas, itinerary, &c., to different towns and points calculated from 
 Chicago 
 
 Ditto ditto from New Orleans 
 Ditto ditto from New York 
 
 ••• ••• ••• ,,, 
 
 Ditto ditto from San Francisco 
 Advartiscments ... .», 
 
 281 
 288 
 292 
 302 
 305 
 
UNITED STATES. 
 
 AREA AND EXTENT. 
 
 Tho domain of tho Stars and 
 Stripes lies between tho 25th ;ind Wth 
 deyreo north latitndo, stretching? 
 rijj^ht across the ("ontinent from tho 
 Ath\ntic to tlie I'acillc shores. Tliis 
 Kre;it territory is lionndod on the 
 north hy the British i)ossessions of 
 Canadii.aml on t lie south l)y the Gulf of 
 Mexico and tiio Hcpublic of Mexico. 
 Tho snporlicial area is, according to 
 tin Census f)f June 1st, 1880=3,557,000 
 siiuiire Eni^-lish miles (Alaska in- 
 cluded). It is divided into 38 States, 
 8 Territi-ies, and I District, besides 
 the territory of Alaska, bougbt inl8H2 
 from the Russians. Tho principal 
 rivers in this vast rcfjion are : The 
 Mississippi, which, with its tril>u- 
 tarios, drains an area of 2,155,;<r)0 
 Sfjuaro Kn<,'lish miles; tlio Columbia 
 River; tho Colorado River, to the 
 Gulf of California; tho Rio CJ-rande ; 
 tho Colorado River to tho Culf of 
 Mexico ; Alabama, Savannah and 
 Hudson Rivers. Tho main phj'sical 
 features are easily i^rasped. The prin- 
 cipal elevations arc tho Appalachians 
 in tho cast and near the Atlantic coast, 
 and the ( 'ordillcras in the west or near 
 the Pacific coast, the latter l)eing much 
 larger in extent, &c. ; between tho two 
 lies tho Mississippi Valley and tho 
 northern lakes. Its flora and fauna 
 are very varied, ami the mineral 
 resources are inexhaustible. The 
 coast lines offer splendid harbours, 
 ivnd the great rivers easy access by 
 water to the greatest portion of tho 
 country. 
 
 POPULATION. 
 
 According to tho Census of 1880, 
 tho entire population amounted to 
 50,145,336 (including Alaska). Of these 
 25,518,820 wore of tho male sex, 
 and 24,6JG,963 females. Its very 
 mixed elements were as follows : — 
 
 Natives, 4.3,175,810; foreigners, 
 0,079,013; white, 43, lo:.','J70 ; coloured, 
 0,580,703; Chinese, 105,013; Indians, 
 00,407. The most populous States arc- 
 Rhode Island, with hO persons i)er 
 scpnire kilometr ' nd Massa-'husetts, 
 with n3 ; whilst hu district of 
 Columbia shews U8l per sipuire 
 kilometre. The uast poptihitc'dof tho 
 States: Nevada and ')regon, with 0*2 
 and 07 pCi ;<(iuaro kilometre rc- 
 sncctively ; and of the territories 
 Wyoming, Montana, and Arizona 
 stand lowest, each with 01 prr sijuaro 
 kilometre. 'I'he largest and most 
 populous towns are (Census I88O) : — 
 
 New York 1,-J0rt,2n9 
 
 Philadelphia !s47,170 
 
 Brooklyn 500,003 
 
 Chicago 503,ls5 
 
 Boston 302,839 
 
 St. Louis 3.")0,518 
 
 Baltimore 332,313 
 
 Cincinnati 255, 139 
 
 San Francisco 233,959 
 
 New Orleans 210,090 
 
 The English and Germans con- 
 tribute the largest contingent of the 
 immigrants, but there is no nation 
 nor country which has not sent its 
 representatives in larger or smaller 
 numbers. 
 
 CONSTITUTION. 
 
 Ith 
 De- 
 
 Declaration of Independence : 
 July, 1770. Constitution of 17tli 
 comber, 1787, separating the powers 
 of State into three independent 
 corps, distinct ono of the other : tho 
 executive power (President), legisla- 
 tive power (Congress), judiciary 
 power (Supreme Court, Ac), Federal 
 capital : Washington, District of 
 Columbia. Tho President is elected 
 everj' four years, and his powers begin 
 on March -ith at noon, and. finish 
 March 4th at noon. Since 1802 the Re- 
 publican part}' has held the power for 
 
 PROViNCAL LIBRARY, 
 
8 
 
 IJRADSHAW S UNITKD STATES. 
 
 25 years, but in ISSo the Democrats 
 came in luuler J'resitlent Cleveland. 
 Tiie i)roseut i.s the 25tli lej^ishitive 
 period. The Coiif^ress i.s com[)osc(l of 
 the S/'iKitf and Chtimbcr of Jlfprsi-iifa- 
 t'ven, and must meet in session at 
 least once a year. Tlio Senate is 
 elected by tlie 'iH States, each State 
 <>leotint; two senators. Tliey are iii- 
 dividually named for six years by tliu 
 le,i,'islative authorities of eaeh State ; 
 every two 3'ears one-third of tlic sena- 
 tors are subjected to r.^-election. Tlic 
 President of the Senate lias a casting? 
 vote in case of a tie, but has no vote 
 otherwise. The representatives are 
 elected by each State separately f or twv) 
 years, and h:ive been since 2t>th May, 
 1S79, 292 in number. The Vice-Presi- 
 dent of the United States i)resides in 
 the Senate. The judiciary power 
 rests in the hands of the (xenei'al- 
 Advocate. In a matter of law he is 
 councillor to the President and the 
 several heads of departments ; he 
 extimines the appeals, and directs 
 all the legal matters of the (io- 
 vernmeut. The Church being com- 
 pletely separate from the State, 
 there are no ecclesiastical authorities 
 Bub'^rdinat:? to the Government. 
 
 ARMY AND NAVY. 
 
 The territory of the United States 
 is divide I iutothree military districts. 
 The lirstistho Missouri Division, with 
 head-(puirters at Cliicago ; the second 
 the Atlantic, with New York as hoad- 
 (piarters ; the third the Pacific Divi- 
 sion, with San Fi-ancisco as a centre. 
 Tiie first has eight regiments of 
 cavalry, and 20 regiments of infanti'y ; 
 the second two regiments of infantry 
 and four regiments of artillery ; the 
 third four regiments of infantry, 
 three regiments of cavalry, and one 
 regiment of artillery. This is the 
 r3gular army, besides which each 
 State is supposed to have a mHit'ui, 
 which, however, it would be ditttcult 
 to unite in case of war, though each 
 male capable of bearing arms, from 
 his 18th to 45th year, is liable. This 
 and the regular army is supposed to 
 bring the army to the total of 
 3,105,00) men. In only a very few 
 SLates is this militia eflL'ient. The 
 chief of the army is the Minister of 
 War. The regular armv is com;)osed 
 of 2.155 ortlccrs and 25,()i.,'0 men, or 
 in all 20,474. 
 
 The ppi'AOiinel of the vnt'y consists of 
 one a Imiral, 1,722 otticers (active), 
 including staff, and 2s3 pensioned 
 olficers, 205 inidcr oHicers, 7,500 sea- 
 men, and 750 boys. The marine cori)s 
 embraces HOofficers and l,!»:iy seamen. 
 The fleet is composed of 24 armour- 
 l)lated, 59 screw, and six i)addle 
 steamers, 22 sailing vessels, two tor- 
 pedo boats, and 25 tugs. In all 139, 
 (,'f which only 57 are in active service. 
 
 STATES & TERRITORIES. 
 
 Alabama, Arkansas, Ca'ifornia, 
 Carolina-North, CanJina-South, Colo- 
 rado, Coimecticut, Delaware, Florida, 
 (Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, 
 Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, 
 Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, 
 Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, 
 Nel)raska, Nevada, New llamj)shire. 
 New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oregon, 
 Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Tennes- 
 see, Texas, Vei'mont, Virginia, West 
 Virginia, Wisconsin. 
 
 District of Columbia. 
 
 Territories of Arizona, Dakota, 
 Idiiho, Montana, New Mexico, Utah, 
 Washington, W^'oming ; an I Alaska 
 as a colony. 
 
 SOCIETY. 
 
 American society is, as a matter 
 of course, very heterogeneous, there 
 being no such thing as nominal rank 
 or aristocracy. Yet society here, 
 as elsewhere, manages t) have its 
 higher and lower grades, depending 
 mainly upon intelligence, position, and 
 wealth. Tho lines, however, are not 
 strictly drawn, and access to the one or 
 the other set is easily gained. There 
 is also an aristocracy of l)irth, which of 
 all others is the most exclusive. This is 
 chiefly composed of the earlier settlers 
 in Massachusetts, tho Dutch in New 
 Y'ork, and the cavaliers of Virginia, 
 &c. Boston is the head of the intel- 
 lectual society, New Y'ork of the pluto- 
 cratic, and Philadelphia of the blue 
 blood. The West and South aremoi^e 
 accessible to money than to other 
 recommendations. 
 
 The hos])italityof Americans ispro- 
 verl)ial, though in this respect a lino 
 is beginning to be drawn already, 
 owing chiefly to tho little response in 
 Europe, when Americans visit the old 
 c )untry and the friends there, made on 
 tho latter touring in tho States. The 
 intercourse between the j'oung of tho 
 
r.RADSHAW S UNITED STATlv 
 
 9 
 
 nsists of 
 (active), 
 Biisioueil 
 ,500 seii- 
 ne corps 
 isciimon. 
 
 annour- 
 paddlc 
 
 two tor- 
 nalliai), 
 i service. 
 
 )RIES. 
 
 I'ifornirt, 
 ith, Colo- 
 , Florida, 
 L, Iowa, 
 a, Maine, 
 ,li('Ui<j;an, 
 Missouri, 
 ini)>.shire, 
 >, Oregon, 
 , Teunes- 
 lia, West 
 
 Dakota, 
 CO, Utah, 
 ;l Alaska 
 
 a matter 
 l)us, there 
 iual rauk 
 ty here, 
 have its 
 lopending 
 ]ition,aTid 
 ire uot 
 ho one or 
 . There 
 which of 
 e. This is 
 r settlers 
 in New 
 IVirginia, 
 he intel- 
 hepluto- 
 the blue 
 are more 
 Ito other 
 
 jns is pro- 
 3ct a lino 
 I already, 
 Iponse in 
 (it the old 
 I made on 
 es. The 
 bff of the 
 
 two sexes is very free, and they are 
 left at an early aire to take care of 
 themselves. The i)arty of "woman's 
 ri<?hts," thou.irh havini^ many a<lvo- 
 cates, has not succeeded as yet in 
 ^■ainimr much Ic^iil or sociiil power. 
 Education is very much promoted, 
 not only l)y (Tovennncnt but by 
 private philanthro])y. The yearly 
 eductationul expenditure of public 
 money amounts to iilH,()(M>,oo(). 
 
 FINANCE. 
 
 Owino: chiePy to the i)rotective cus- 
 toms' system, the finances of the Union 
 are in a (jood condition, notwithstand- 
 ing the verv heavy expenses of the 
 Civil Wars of l,sG2-4. The Hudiret f.f 
 18Si.5 was : Receijjts, 313,(M)0,O(»i) dols.; 
 Expenses, 258,(K)(),()()() dols. Amoiif^'st 
 the receipts in 18^2-3, 211,700,197 dols. 
 are derived from customs' duties, c)r 
 neai'ly the whole exi)onditurc. In- 
 direct taxes, LU,72(>,3G9 dols.; direct 
 taxes, 108,157 dols.; sales of land, 
 7,955,86tdols.; and sundries, .30,79(5,(595 
 dols.; in all, receipts 398,287,582 dols., 
 of which more than half came in 
 from customs' duties. Coufravij fo 
 the Eiiiflixh Jixcal Ki/xfeiii, only a very 
 small part is derived from direct 
 taxation. The exiionditure of 1882-3 
 was iu all 2(5."), K)8, 137 dols., the details 
 being as follows :— 
 
 Civil Service and several 
 
 Depend 
 
 War Department 
 
 Navy do 
 
 Pensions 
 
 Indians 
 
 Interest of Public Debt 
 
 dols. 
 
 . .08,078,022 
 .1.8,911,3X3 
 
 .15, 2 S3. 13 7 
 .00,012,57 1 
 .. 7,302.59.) 
 
 59,1(50,131 
 
 Cash in hand 
 
 Dols. 203,108,137 
 
 The whole public debt was, on the 
 1st July, 1883, 
 
 dols. 
 
 Boaring interest 1,33-<,229,150 
 
 Not be iring interei-it ... 53^,111,103 
 Annuities 7,'^3l,ll5 
 
 l,8Sl,171,728 
 ... 3 15,389,9; »3 
 
 Dols. l,53s,78l,825 
 
 The abovo speaks volumes ao^ainst 
 Eiiirlish free trade. 
 
 The !<epa"ate debts of the differen' 
 States amount iu total to 267,703,000 
 
 dols., Miis«a"husotts heading thfl 
 list with 32,512,0(M> dols. and Virginia 
 following with 31,(5.V2,000 dols. At the 
 1)ottom of the li>t are Colorado with 
 231,000 dols., and Iowa with 215,000 
 dols. 
 
 PRODUCE AND MANU- 
 FACTURES. 
 
 Previous to lS7t) the most important 
 sourco of wealth was agriculture ; 
 sincethen, mauufacturesand industry 
 have become, with mining, the chief 
 occujiation of the people. 22 jjcrcent. 
 of the male poi)ulation were engaged 
 in agriculture iu 187(>, and theiuiml)er 
 of farmers i)ossessing hfildings of at 
 least hO acros, atnounted in 1871 to 
 close upon 3 millions. 73 5.000 s(iuaro 
 miles are under cultivation, and this 
 increases every year. Wheat is the 
 staple produce, then maize, oats» 
 ])otatoes, tobacco, cotton, sugar, wiiu>. 
 Cattle-breeding is another chief source 
 of we:dtli. Timber, fishing, huntintr, 
 etc., arc all very ])ro(lnctive, though 
 the whol >S!ilo destruction of forests is 
 oeginning to tell unfavourably. 
 
 Since 1870 the people began to turn 
 their attention from the field to the 
 factory. There were then 252,118 
 manufactorii's in operation, with an 
 invested c:ipit'il of ,i;l,2(M),0()0,O0O, 
 l)aying £15,870,O()0 in wages, and 
 giving a yearly yield of iJ9,250,(M)O. 
 This was besides the mining interests. 
 The i)rincipal mnnufactures are iron 
 and steel miiteri:il for rnilways, tools, 
 agricultural impleni'iits, cotton sjtin- 
 ning, and we;iving, ^^c. The]irincipMl 
 mines are gold and silver, but (;oal, 
 oil, iron, &.c., are almost equally 
 productive. 
 
 Cr-IMERCE. 
 
 While in 1873 the imports exceeded 
 the exports by some 00,000,000 dols., 
 in 1883 the figures of 751,7i)0,0(K') dols. 
 for total imoorts and 825,800,000 dols. 
 for total ex|)')rts, shewing a surplus 
 over inipr)rts of 71,ltH),000 dols., 
 demonstrate a'^'ain to evidence the 
 result of the Am u-ican protectionist 
 system, in c )mp.'iris )U with En.i^lisli 
 free tradt?, where the value of exports 
 is constantly gr.)wing less than that 
 of imp'irts. * Of the exports of 18M3, 
 l(),20O,0iHl dols. were precious metals, 
 and 19,000,000 dols. manufactures of 
 foreign ])roduction. The i)rincipal im- 
 ports are woven goods, roi)es, tropical 
 and sub-tropical pro luce, &c., and the 
 
10 
 
 BRADSHAW S UNITED STATES. 
 
 principal exports, prain, bread-stuffs, 
 live and dead meats, cotton, oils, 
 grease, and resinous matter. 9,49J 
 vessels under the American, and 
 2J,40S vessels under foreign flags 
 entered tlie ports, and 9, tlW American 
 and 23,629 foreign left the American 
 ports in 1883, of which 10,382, and 
 14,812 respectively, were lf):ide<l. The 
 commer^^ial fleet consists ()f 5,249 
 steamers, and 1G,G97 sailing vessels, 
 and the whole tonnage of shipping 
 (including barges, canal l)oats, and 
 vessels of every descrii)tion) amounts 
 to 4,235,487, of which 2,823,01)0 tons 
 belong to the Atlantic, 327,000 to the 
 Pacific, 72t,000 to the interior lakes, 
 and 301,000 tons to the Mississippi and 
 other rivers. The carrj'ing trade of 
 the United States declined consider- 
 ably during the Civil Wars, though 
 since then it has steadily increased. 
 Only one of the many steamer lines 
 plying between England and the 
 States is owned in the States. 
 
 RAILWAYS 
 
 On the 1st of January, 1883,114,928 
 English miles of railways were in 
 full operation, of which 0,155 were in 
 the NewEnghmd States, 17,922 miles 
 in the Middle States, 17,<;93 in the 
 Southern, 07,501 in the Western, and 
 5,597' in the Pacific States, The total 
 receipts were 770,350,710 dols., 
 and the total expenses 159,073,839 
 dols. A great amount of European 
 money, i)viiicipally English, is 
 sunk ' iu these linos, and many 
 of them are worked at a heavy 
 loss. The iiassenger trains consist 
 only of one class, called by courtesy 
 1st class. The cars are divided in 
 the middle— lengthways, and the 
 seats arc on either side this i)assage; 
 each seat has room for two passen- 
 gers. Passengers can thus go while 
 the train is moving from one car to the 
 other, the whole length of the train. 
 The scats are not very comfortable, 
 but on most express trains, drawing- 
 room and sleeiiing cars are running, 
 which exceed anything in comfort 
 known iu Europe, the charge being tri- 
 lling in comparison. Tickets should 
 bel)Oughtat the various ticket offices 
 or at the station. For tickets bought 
 in the train an additional charge is 
 made. Passengers should bo careful 
 to inquire, on tlie conductor passing 
 the cars at frecjuent intervals, for 
 their arrival station, as no stations 
 
 are marked in uhe European fashion, 
 nor are they called out aloud when 
 the train stojis. 
 
 POST AND TELEGRAPH. 
 
 The postal system is very extensive, 
 and efficient in a degree. The number 
 of offices open in 1883 was 47,083, and 
 the amount of work done is enormous, 
 no country surpassing the States in 
 the number of comrmnications pass- 
 ing through the post, calculated at 
 per head of the population. The total 
 receipts in 1883 were 45,508,692 dols., 
 and totalexpenses 42,816,700 dols. The 
 total of te!egrai)h lines in operation in 
 1883 were 104,0(K) English miles (ex- 
 cluding those of Railway Companies, 
 Government, and private indivi- 
 duals). The telephone lines extend 
 over 100,000 English miles, and 
 the telephonic despatches exceed 
 120,000,000 in numl>er. The Western 
 Union Telcgraj)!! (.'ompany is the 
 principal owner, with 12,917 offices, 
 14^1,294 English miles of line, and 
 432,726 English miles of wire. The 
 total number of telegraph ofllces 
 open is 14,377, and in 1m8:{ the numljer 
 of olespatches exceeded 70,000,000. 
 The Western Unioii Company had 
 19,454,903 dols. receipts, and 
 11,791,553 dols. expenses. 
 
 MONEY. 
 
 The cui'rency of the United States 
 consists of gold and silver, the 
 standard coin being the dollar. Gold 
 coins are of 1, 5, 10, and 20 dollars; 
 silver of 1 dollar, 50, 25, and 10 cents, 
 called half ami quarter dollars, and 
 dime respectively. There are also 5 
 cents nickel and 1 and 2 cents 
 cojiper coins. The chief money used 
 in daily intercourse is the baiik-uotcs 
 called "greenbacks," if United States, 
 Treasury notes, and the National 
 bank-notes. The pjiper money is now 
 on a par with gold and siver coins. 
 There are bank-notes of 1, 2, 5, 10,20,50, 
 100, 500, and, 1,000 dollars. The pound 
 sterling has an ei|uivalent value va- 
 rying between 4 dols. 80 cts. and 4 dols. 
 90 cts., and the English shilling is 
 equivalent to nearly a (fuarter dollar. 
 English, as well as foreign bank-notes 
 and coins, have no official circulation, 
 l)ut can be exchanged in nearly all 
 towns, and will be taken at most hotels. 
 The most convenient mode is, how- 
 ever,circular notes, or a letter of credit 
 
ashion, 
 I when 
 
 ionsive, 
 number 
 ;S3, iiud 
 )rmous, 
 tatcs in 
 IS pass- 
 ate cl at 
 'he total 
 )2 dols., 
 dIs. The 
 dtion in 
 lies (ex- 
 11 panics, 
 
 indivi- 
 , extend 
 3S, and 
 
 exceed 
 Western 
 
 is the 
 7 offices, 
 no, and 
 re. The 
 [i cilices 
 ! niimber 
 .),(H)0,000. 
 \\\y had 
 and 
 
 BRADSHAW S UNITED STATK>'. 
 
 11 
 
 upon a New York bank, and thence 
 another upon their correspondents in 
 the different parts or towns intended 
 to be visited, ft is not a Ivisablo to 
 carry too much ready money, espe- 
 cially ffoinj^ "West. 
 
 CUSTOMS, PASSPORTS, &c. 
 
 The examinations of lufrcragc at the 
 ports of arrivnl are coTuhictcd very 
 ritridly, thoujrh perfctly courteously 
 and politely. Tourists should only take 
 with thcui such articles as are strictly 
 considered of persoiuil use. Larpre 
 fiuantities of new cloth, silks, linens, 
 lace, ciffiU's, jewellery, Ac, are most 
 sea.rched for ; and tourists will lind it 
 always bettor to declare before-hand 
 anytiiiuH' they consider dutiable rather 
 than to let the officers find such arti- 
 cles for themselves. In case visitors 
 consider articles unduly taxed, the 
 best thiufi^ is to pay the duty on the 
 spot, and lodu:e a complaint at the 
 Treasury Department in Washin<?ton. 
 
 Passports for the States are not 
 essential, but for all emerifoncies 
 tourists should not be without one. 
 
 Traveller^ should provide them- 
 selves with either a bag or a trunk, 
 about 15 inches high, for on 
 boai-d the steamer. These trunks 
 are pat under the lower berth. A 
 folding or extension cane-chair will 
 be found a great comfort on board. 
 All steamers have bath-rooms, but 
 when passengers are numerous, 
 they are in great request, atid it is 
 advisable to ai)ply to the person in 
 charge immediately on arriving on 
 board, and lix an hour fur the daily 
 bath. Against sea-sickness there ex- 
 ists no remeilj/, and the only thing is 
 to get accusLomed to the motion. 
 This generally takes ])lace after the 
 first or second day of the journey. 
 Fees on board are usually as fol- 
 lows, though not compulsory : Table 
 steward, 10s. ; cabin steward, l(»s. ; 
 boots, 2s. (id. ; and in the smoke-room 
 the hat goes round at end of journey. 
 
 CLIMATE, HYGIENE AND 
 DRESS. 
 
 As the differences of climate are 
 very great, the tourist 1ms to carry 
 with him rather more luggage 
 than in other countries. The sum- 
 mers are hotter and the winters are 
 colder than in Europe. California 
 has only two seasons— wet and dry. 
 
 Xew England and ^liddlo States aic 
 trerpiently buried in snow, whilst the 
 Southern States enjoy their best 
 season, and the traveller has to ])ro- 
 vide for these changes. Travellers 
 should, therefore, always be dressed 
 warmly, as it is undoubtedly better 
 to STiffer from heat at noon, than at 
 evening and night, or sudden changes 
 of temjieraturefromanycold. Woollen 
 underclothing should always be worn, 
 and a wrapi)ororrug be constantly at 
 hand. In hot weather t'.ie jn'otectiou 
 of the neck against the sun's ra.vs 
 is essential, as sunstroke is by no 
 means infreiiient even in the North. 
 Througlu)ut the United Stat(>s, alike 
 in large and small towns, the water 
 sup])lied for drinking purposes must 
 bcregard'.'d with the utmost suspicion. 
 It, is largely due to this, that Ai)()l- 
 linaris Natural Mineral Wat;u', bcmir 
 an absolutely pure drinking watiM", is 
 so generally consumed there, and the 
 traveller will find u > ditllcuky in ob- 
 taining it at the hotels and elsewhere, 
 Tlie best time to start would be '"a 
 September, visit Caiui'la andNorthe n 
 States during September and October, 
 and, as winter sets in. go more 
 southerly, so as to be during De- 
 cember, .lanuai-y, and I^obruary, in 
 Mexico and the Southern States. 
 
 LUGGAGE-CHECK 
 
 SYSTEM. 
 
 On American railways and steam- 
 ers lOOlbs. of luggage is allowed to 
 each a'lult passenger, free of charge. 
 Practically it is much more, as it is 
 weighed only with rare exceptions, 
 and then only when it appears to the 
 officials to be greatly in excess. 
 
 The passc-nger having his ticket,^ 
 presents this and his luggage to 
 the " Baggage Master." This official 
 attaches to each parcel a brass-plnte 
 uumbereil, and hands to the traveller 
 the duplicates, one for each article, on 
 l)resentatiou of which at destination 
 the luggage is given up to liim. The 
 luggage maybe "cheeked" in this 
 way over very long routes, /.c, from 
 NewYork to Chicago, from New York 
 to Omaha, etc., without the traveller 
 requh'ing to concern himself in any 
 way abrjut it. The Company are res- 
 ponsible on delivering check, up to 
 a certain limit in weight and value. 
 It is very rare that luggage is lost in 
 this way. On arrivalthe checks should 
 
12 
 
 BRADSHAW'S UNITED STATES. 
 
 l)s irivcn to the hotel porter, if ali^ht- 
 in{?at an hotel. If at a private houf'e 
 the express men passinj? through tlie 
 trains before arriving' at pi-iuciijiU 
 towns, shouUl he employed: he 
 will t?ive receipts in exchange 
 for checks, and the lufjffaj,'e is gene- 
 rally deposited at address t'lvcn 
 within the hour after arrival. In 
 hoth cases the traveller is (luite sate. 
 Jn case the traveller is detamel en 
 route, the luK'jja-re will he safely 
 stored without extra charge at desti- 
 nation, until the owner roileems it 
 himself or sends for it (of course 
 deliverinj? or sendini? checks). Ihe 
 charge of expressmeu for delivery ot 
 lutrf?aire is 25 to 40 cents i)er parcel, 
 l)u"u this is sul)ject to arrangement. 
 
 HOTELS. 
 
 The profession of "mine host" is 
 €ortainly developed to the utmost limit 
 of perfection in the States, The 
 hostolries justly enjoy the reputation 
 of heing the largest, best conducted, 
 and most comfortable in the world. 
 Of course there is little or nothing of 
 the homeliness I*]nropoans are accus- 
 tomed to find in England '"r the 
 Continent, which, by the b^'e, is 
 disappe!\i'ing more and more every 
 year. In America, hotel keeping is 
 conducted on a large scale, much as a 
 lijrge dry goods store, or any business 
 Avhere ])eople are more attracted l)y 
 the quality and price of goods sold, 
 thin hy th3 proprietor's amiability, 
 friendship, or good will. On the other 
 luiid these caravanserais aro as near 
 l)a;-fectionas they can well be. The real 
 American way of hotel keeping is the 
 continental living "en pension," or a 
 fixed charge for room, meals, attond- 
 » ance, &c., per day. This is in the 
 he^t from 2^ dols. to 5 dols. per day, 
 though in the West very good accoiii- 
 molation can he had also for IJ dols. 
 and 3 dols. In the larger towns are 
 also hotels conducted on the European 
 system, i.e., charging apart for every- 
 thing used or taken. This is generally 
 ir.)re expensive, though it give's 
 visitors greater fi 'lorn for disposing 
 o.' their time. At a few hotels the 
 two systems are combined. At hotels 
 on the " American plan " a consider- 
 able reluction is maie, if arrango- 
 ments be raivde per week inste.id 
 of per day, hut this should bo don"" on 
 entering the hotel. Extras and sun- 
 
 dries which irritate travellers in 
 Europe so much in their bills are not 
 known, and feeing may be dispens-cd 
 with altogether. It is done .some- 
 times, but not as an ohligation as 
 with European servants. All hotels 
 have bath-rooms, and the larger one.s 
 have rooms with l)ath-room adjoin- 
 ing for which 1 dol. per day extra 
 is charged. Letter boxes, telegraph, 
 ticket offices, barber's shops, etc., 
 e'-c, are mostly found in all large 
 houses. 
 
 CONVEYANCES. 
 
 The railway accommodntion lias 
 been i)artly described in the para- 
 gra])h on 'railways. The average 
 speed is 30 miles an hour, though CO 
 and even 00 mile.s is not unusual. 
 The charge in Eastern and Middle 
 States is about 2 or 3 ce^its per mile ; 
 iu the Southern and Western States 
 from 3 to 5 cents per mile ; children, 
 from five to 12, half price. Through 
 tickets for distant journeys cost gener- 
 ally much less than ordinary tickets. 
 Thej^are mostly only available for the 
 day and train,' but if travellers wish 
 to stop eii route the conductor must be 
 applied to for a " Stop over check," 
 A seat or berth, in Pullman cars, costs 
 generally from 2 dols. to 3 dols. per 
 day extra. Tickets for railway 
 journeys should be bought at office be- 
 fore starting, as, on taking them in 
 the train a small extra chai'ge is made. 
 
 Steamer accommodation is very 
 good. This mode of conveyance is 
 less expensive, but also less speedy 
 than rail. On the other hand the 
 scenery is more enjoyed, A ticket 
 gives the passenger a right to a berth 
 in the lower cabin. A berth in the 
 upper or state room is charged extra 
 from 1 to 2 dols. per night, and meals 
 are extra and charged alxmt 1 dol. for 
 each, if not a la cxrte. Tickets can bo 
 taken on board. 
 
 The diligence or "stage coaches" 
 are only running now in remote dis- 
 tricts and fountains. The charge is 
 generally 10 to 15 cents per mile. 
 In fine weather this is undoubtedly 
 the best mode of enjoying the 
 countrj-, if the traveller has time. 
 They are mostly very comfortable and 
 efficient. 
 
 In towns the usual conveyances are 
 the tramways. Omnibuses and hack- 
 ney carriages are at the stations and 
 
BRADSHAW's UNITED STATES. 
 
 ellers in 
 Is are not 
 cUspeiiijcd 
 lue bonie- 
 ofation as 
 All hotels 
 irger ones 
 m adjoin- 
 ilay extra 
 elegraph, 
 )l)s, etc., 
 all large 
 
 S. 
 
 tion has 
 Lhe para- 
 
 avoranfe 
 hough CO 
 
 unusual. 
 '1 Middle 
 [ler mile ; 
 rn States 
 children. 
 Through 
 )st gener- 
 y tickets. 
 >le for the 
 ers wisli 
 r must be 
 ■ check." 
 ars, costs 
 dels, per 
 
 railway 
 office be- 
 
 thera in 
 I is made. 
 
 is very 
 yance is 
 * speedy 
 land the 
 A ticket 
 ) a berth 
 h in the 
 red extra 
 rid meals 
 1 dol. for 
 ts can bo 
 
 coaches " 
 ante dis- 
 charge is 
 •cr mile. 
 r)ubtcdly 
 ing the 
 as time, 
 able ami 
 
 13 
 
 linding stages. The former charge 
 .)<) cents per scat s.iid courj^e ; the 
 
 w?fh Vm!^^ ''^''^' «-:^P«»«ive. compared 
 ^v ith iiuropoan prices. 
 
 TOITBIST, CIRCULAR AND 
 EXCURSION TICKETS. 
 
 ^u^""- '^ ^f'Y^VC, so in America, ex- 
 
 h Tmn?..-'''^^^'" ^^?""^ •'summer and 
 ,'uyV' V""^ ^^-"^^'e »>eeome quite an es- 
 tabhshod custom. They are issued 
 nt greatly reduced rates. They are 
 ff^nerally available for 30, GO and {,0 
 <Mys, according to the distance. Thev 
 embrace the principal points of in- 
 teiest and are arranged in series, so 
 tliat the tourist has a choice of trips 
 trom a day or two up to m davs He 
 can consult his own convenience, 
 stoppmg and lingering en route wher- 
 
 , ever he chooses. Lists and all inforrr.a- 
 ! tion concerning such tours, as also the 
 I tickets then, selves, cau be had Sflb 
 ! ai)plicatu)n to the central offices in fche 
 larger towns. The various tourist 
 iiiul traveli.ng agents have improved 
 upon this, inasmuch as the Railway 
 Companies oidy issue Uieso tickets 
 with a hxc 1 route, to which the travel- 
 ler has to adhere. These agents com- 
 pose round trips at the will and the 
 tanoy of the tourist, which of cfjurse is 
 pretera],Ic. On tlie other hand, the 
 reductions made by the Companies 
 cannot bo allowed by these a-ents. 
 lhe only jiomt gained is more con- 
 venience, and, if investing in hotel 
 coupons, an economy in the hotel bilN 
 otlierwise the tickets arc sold at the 
 usual rates of the Companv. 
 
 m CCS are 
 nd hack- 
 ous and 
 
^^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 i 
 
 The Fall River Line Steamship, and Old Colony 
 
 Railway Companies. 
 
 The most popular route to Newport, Fall Kiver, 
 Kingston, Provincetow^n, Boston, etc. 
 
 The most maofnificent, comfortable, and olegimt steamers of the Full 
 River Line, " ini<rrim" and " Bristol," leave 28th Pier, North River, New 
 York dailj', every afternoon, Sundays included. Connectinj? trains leave 
 Newport and Fall River the next morning for Cape Cod, New Bedford, and 
 (ill points on the Old Colony Railway system. Passengers for Martha's 
 Vineyard and Nantucket take the New Bedford Express Train, and 
 cr)nneot at the latter point Avith steamer, landing them at the Islands 
 the same morning. 
 
 This is the most convenient and most enjoyable means of travel between 
 New York and the tip end of Ymikre Ldntl, or the summer and sea-bathing 
 resorts of Rhode Island and Massachusetts, the first and perhaps the most 
 fashionable among which is Newjiort. It is situated n.mrlj' at the entrance 
 to the beautiful Narraganrsctt Bay, one of the finest roadsteads in the 
 world. The api)roach is wide and decj), and the view from the deck of 
 the steamer on a fine summer morning is not easily described in words. 
 The lazy surf, the craggs, cliffs, rock, forts Adams and Wolcott, the 
 green lawns, and the supcrl) viHas dotting the shore— all rei)ay the traveller 
 for rising, dressing, and hiistening on deck in the early dawn. 
 
 Besides its acknowledged standing as the most select of all American 
 sea-bathing resorts, Newport has its history. Up to the War of Indepen- 
 dence its commerce was more important than that of New York, and 
 even to-day its trade with the West Indies is considerable. The older 
 portions of the town still shew some fiuaint and venerable buildings, while 
 the superb avenues of the new quarters are crowded with handsome and 
 very costly villa residence^. These belong to the wealthy and cultured 
 classes of America, who have selected Newport as a residence. The 
 Society meeting here in summer is very select and refined, and more 
 than usuallj- exclusive. The Imge hotels^ such as ave found at Saratoga, 
 Longbranch, etc., are here entirely without a raltson iVeIre, inasmuch as 
 the visitors who pass the summer in Newport have built their own 
 homes. Here they are wont to dispense a lavish hospitality, altogether 
 beyond the irangination of an inhabitant of the old world. The "Casino" 
 recently erected is the centre of life at certain hoiu's of the day. 
 
 The traveller with leisure should visit the following points of great 
 interest on the line of the Old Cokmy Railway. They arc also visited in 
 part by the sto-imers of the Fall River Line : Plymouth, "Wollaston Heights, 
 Quincy, Braintroe, Abingdon, Hiinson, Halifax (with fine fishing and 
 shooting), Plympton, Weymouth, Hiugham, Marshfield, Brockton, Lake- 
 ville, Marion, New Bedford, Sandwich, Falmouth, Barnstable, Taunton, 
 Dighton and Fall River, Lowell, Fitchlmrg, Yarmouth, Woods Holl, 
 Nantucket, and a. great many other places, each rivalling the other for 
 attractiveness in scenery and social life. 
 
 Fall Ricer, also called the " Border City," merits a closer attention. 
 It is the eastern terminus of the Fall River line of steamers and the home 
 of spindles, i.e., a great centre of the cotton sjnnning and weaving industry. 
 On the eastern shore of the Bristol Neck, and almost opposite Fall River, lies 
 Mount Hope, with its interesting historical recollections. The summit 
 affords a very fine view over the whole of Rhode Island, with Warren and 
 Bristol in the foreground, and Providence and Newport in the distance. 
 
 For further and more detailed information, tickets, etc., apply to the 
 Company's Agent in New York, Mr. George L. Connor, Pier 28, North 
 River. 
 
V 
 
The 
 
 The 
 
 1% 
 
 Tl 
 River 
 York ( 
 Newpi 
 nil po 
 Viney 
 cr)nric( 
 
 the S!J 
 
 Tl 
 New ^ 
 resort! 
 fiishio 
 to the 
 world, 
 the s' 
 The Ij 
 ^recn 
 for ri{ 
 B( 
 sea-ba 
 (lence 
 oven 1 
 portio 
 the SI 
 very < 
 classe 
 Sociel 
 than 
 Long'l 
 the V. 
 homo 
 heyori 
 recen 
 T 
 interf 
 part 1 
 Quinc 
 shoot 
 ville, 
 BigW 
 Xanf 
 attra( 
 I 
 It is i 
 of spi 
 Oath 
 Mour 
 affor( 
 Brist' 
 F 
 Conij . 
 Rive; ; 
 
 i 
 
 
 B 
 
 a, 
 
 n 
 
 S; 
 SI 
 fr 
 
 7.! 
 
1 
 
 THE BALTIMORE AND OHIO RAILWAY. 
 
 Lines East of Ohio Kiver. 
 
 Uiiltimoro, M(l., t.() Washiii^'toii, D.C 
 
 Relay Station, Md., to Washiiij^ton Junction, Md. 
 Wnshinffton, !).(,'., to Washintrton Junction, Md. ... 
 Alexandria Junction, Md., to Shcidierd, Md. 
 Washington Junction, Md., to (lraft(tn, W. Va. ... 
 
 Grafton, W. Va., to rarkcshuri,', W Va 
 
 Grafton, W. Va., to Whcolini,', W. Va 
 
 Weverton, Md., to Hatrcrstown, Md 
 
 Frederick Junction, ^Id., to Frederick, Md 
 
 WheelinET, W. Va.. to Gleiiwood, Pa 
 
 Harper'.s Ferrj', AV. Va., to Lexintrton, Va 
 
 I'ittsburjr, Pa., to (.'mnhcrland, Md 
 
 ConnclLsville, I'a., to Uniontown, Pa. 
 
 Ih'oftdfonT, Pa., t(» Mt. Pleasant, Pa 
 
 Rockwood, Pa., to Jolinstown, ]*a 
 
 We.st Pittsburjr to Finleyville, Pa 
 
 Baltimore to Curtis Bay 
 
 Rumncy to Green Springs 
 
 Total cast of Ohio River 
 
 Lines "West of Ohio River. 
 
 Wheeling, W. Va., to Columbus, O 
 
 New."rk, O., to Sandusky, () 
 
 Chicago Junction, O. Chicago, 111 
 
 Newark, O., to Shawnee, O 
 
 Total West of Ohio River 
 
 Total miles east of Ohio River 
 „ west „ „ 
 
 u\o 
 
 miles. 
 
 5!).7 
 
 
 1J.7 
 
 
 12.5 
 
 
 211.0 
 
 
 KU.O 
 
 
 (M).2 
 
 
 21.2 
 
 
 
 :^.5 
 
 
 VA.H 
 
 
 I»i2.() 
 
 
 Ui).5 
 
 
 13.0 
 
 
 9.0 
 
 
 15.1 
 
 
 IH.J) 
 
 
 9.5 
 
 
 16.0 
 
 
 liver 1,085.2] 
 
 miles. 
 
 r. 
 
 137.0 miles. 
 
 116.2 
 
 If 
 
 271.0 
 
 ft 
 
 13. i 
 
 >• 
 
 River 507.6 miles. 
 
 1,085.2 
 
 
 5H7.G 
 
 
 1,652.8 
 
 Stop-Over Checks, good for 15 day.s from date of issue, will bo 
 granted ui)on application of i)a.ssenger holding first-class unlimited tickets. 
 
 Arrangements for B. & O. Sleeping and Parlour Car 
 
 Service. 
 
 EASTWARD. 
 
 Train No. 1 leaves Chicago 5.10 p.m., Pittsburg 8.35 a.m. B. & O. New 
 Buffet Sleeping Cars, Chicago to Pittsburg, Washington and Baltimore, 
 dail3\ B. & O. Parlour Car?* Pittsburg to Baltimore, daily. Entire train 
 runs through from Chicago to Baltimore. 
 
 Train No. 3 leaves St. Louis 7.0 p.m. B. & O. Palace Sleeping Cars, 
 St. Louis to Louisville, Cincinnati, Washington and Baltimore, daily. 
 Sleeping Cars, Louisville to Cincinnati, daily. yJntire train runs through 
 from Cincinnati to Baltimore. 
 
 Train No. 5 leaves Chicago 8.10 a.m., St. Louis 8.0 a.m., Cincinnati 
 7.31 p.m. B. & O. New Family Room Sleeping Cars, Cincinnati to Wash- 
 
10 
 
 iMfADsiiAw s v\rn:r» states. 
 
 «i 
 
 'rruiu No. 10.') li'iivL's L'iuciniiati 7.10 p.m., daily. Kutirc train runs 
 tlir<>uj,'h t(i l•ittsl)llri,^ 
 
 'I'miii No. '»,") l»'iive.s Washiiii,'toii 3.15 p.m. B. & O. Purluur Cars t(» 
 Uultimore, <laily, e.\cc'i)t Siinlay. 
 
 "WESTWARD. 
 
 Tniiii No. 2 leaves Bjiltimore y.o ]).m., H. & O. Palace Slcopiiiff Cars, 
 ]{iiltiiiiiir(! to ('liica.-ro, Ciiiciiiiiati and St. Lonis, daily. Slct-jjinj; Cars, 
 Cincinnati to Lfjnisvillt', daily. Kntire train rnns throuj^li to Cincinnati. 
 
 Train N ). !■ leaves Ha!tini(trp s.J..") a.m., Washinu'ton d A'i li.m, U. I't O. 
 New ({iifTi't Sleei)in'.r Cars, Ualtiinore to ChicaL,'o, d»iily. JJ. \ (). rarloia* 
 Cars, J}altimoi(« to I'ittsl)nr.Lr, daily. I{. A; O. Palace Sleepinj,' Cars, Pitts- 
 l)nrL!' to Chicago, daily. Kntire train runs throuKli from lialtiniore to 
 Chica^'o. 
 
 Train No, leaves Paltimorc 2.0 p.m., Pittsburg 7.15 p.m. P. & O. New 
 Family Slcpin'-r Cars IJaltiniore to Cincinnati, daily. P. iS: O. Palaco 
 SlccpiuLr Cars, Pittsburg to Cincinnati, daily. Parlour Cars, Cincinnati to 
 St. Louis, daily. Kntire train runs through to Cincinnati. 
 
 Train No. lo(i leaves Pittsl)urg H.io p.m. P. A: O. Slec])ing Cars, 
 Pittsljurg to Cincinnati, daily. Kntii-e train runs tliroughto Cincinnati. 
 
 Train No. 12 leaves Hultimore 7A't p.m., Washington 9.0 i).m. P. & O. 
 Palace Sleeping Cars, Pa'.timore tj Pittsl.uirg, daily. Entire train runs 
 through to Pittslturg. 
 
 Tiain No. IS leaves Paltimorc 10.30 a.m. B. & O. Parlour Car.s to 
 AVashingtun, daily, except Sunday. 
 
 Connections. 
 
 At Baltimore with Baltimore & Potomac; Northei'n Central ; Phila- 
 delphia, Wilmington & Baltimore and Western Maryland Uways. ; also with 
 steamers for Europe and steamers for Norfolk, Portsmoutli, etc. Afc 
 Belay Station with Washington Branch. At Annapolis Jc. with Anna- 
 l)olis Jt Elk Pidge Rway. At Bladensburg with Alexandria Braneh. At 
 Metro])olitan Junction with Washington Branch. At Washington witli 
 Alexandria Branch; !Metro])olitan Branch; Washington Branch, and 
 B.iltimoi'e & I'utomac and Virginia Midland Bways. At Washington 
 Junction with Metrojwlitan Branch. At Weverton with Washington 
 County Branch. At Haiper's Ferry with Harper's Ferry & Valley Briinch. 
 At Shenandoah Junction with Shenandoah Valley Rway. At Martinshurg- 
 with Cumberland Valley Rway. At Sir John's Run with stages for Berkeley 
 Springs. At Cumberland with Pittsburg Division ; and Cumber- 
 lan<l A: Pennsylvania, anil Pennsylvania Rways. At Pieilmont with 
 Cumberland &" Pennsylvania Rway. At Grafton with Parkersburg 
 }iranch, over which, in connection with Cinci., Wash. & Bait. Rwn^v'., 
 through cars aic run from lialtimore to Cincinnati and St. 
 Louis without change. At L, F. Junction with Laurel Fork &, San(l 
 Hill Rway. At I'arkersburg with Cin. Wash.. <fc Bait. Rway. At 
 Bcnwood with Central Ohio Division. At Wheeling with Wheeling, Pitts- 
 burg it Baltimore Branch, and Pittsburg, Cincinnati & St. Louis Railway. 
 At Bellaire with Central Ohio Division, and Cleveland & Pittsburg Rway. 
 At Quincy with BoUaire & St. Clairsville Rway. At Cambridge with Cleve- 
 land & Marietta Railway. At Zanesville with Pittsbxirg, Cincinnati & St. 
 Louis Railway. At Newark with Lake Erie Division, Straitsville Division, 
 and Pittsburg, Cincinnati & St. Louis Railway. At Mt. Vernon with 
 Cleveland, Mt. Vernon & Delawai'e Rway. At Mansfield with New York, 
 Pennsylvania & Ohio Rway. ; North- Western Ohio and Pittsburg, Fort 
 Wayne & Chicago Railways". At Shelby Junction with Cleveland^ Columbus 
 
 f 
 
IIHAIISIIAW S fXITICD STATKS. 
 
 17 
 
 (MtK'imiiiti \- TiiiliauiJpoliH liiilwiiy. At ('hi('iif,'o .Imicfirii with jiiiictlnji 
 of Cliic it.'() Divisinii with l.iiki' Kric Division. At 'I'ltliii with Imlinii!!, 
 MlitoniiiiLrriii \ Wt'st. Itailwiiy um'I N(irth-\\t'>t('iii ( »liin Ifinhv.iy. At Fos- 
 t >ri.i witiiCdl., Ilo. Va. \ To'. Huiiv. aiitl Luke Krie \ Wi'stcni Hiilway. At 
 Drsiilt'i* with Ciui'iimiiti, lliitniltoii A; Dayton Itway. .\t iKiianoe with 
 Wjiliiisli, St. L (uis ,t I'ifitic Uiiiway. At Aul»iii;i .Iiinction with I^ako 
 Slion; vV Mi"li. So. I{way. ami Wal)ash, St. liouis \ racitii- l{ lilway. At. 
 Avilhi with (iranil HM]>i'i« ii'itl Intliina liway. At .Milt'onl .Innction witlu 
 Cini'innati, \Val)ash iV .Miclu_Mu Uway. At WalkiTton .lunction witl> 
 Wabash, St. liOuis iV i'afific Wailway. At WtUsh oro witli ChicaL-^o^V: (i.-and 
 Trunk K.iilwny. At Aliduwilh fionisviih>, Now Albany \ Chici^'o Hail- 
 way. At Miciiiiran ("L-ntral .Imuaion with .Michiiran Cent. Itway. At I'hi- 
 cajro with raiiroatls (livcrtriuy- At Cohirulxis with Indiana. lilooniinirtoiL 
 A: WosttM-n ; ("hn't'laml, (.'ohiiuhus, Cincinnati, iV In(lian:ii»oh'> ; ('IcM'land, 
 Mt. Vernon A: J)i'lawaro; ('ohim'iiis, HiH-kiiiLT Valloy iV Toie lo ; I'ittslmrL'^ 
 Cin'-innati \ St. liftiiis, and Scioto ValU'y H lilways. At .\f( niicvillc with 
 liUko Shoi'c \ Miclii'^an SoiUlicru Kiihvay. At Sandusky witli Indiana, 
 nioomiuu''ton kV Western Railway, and I.ako Shore A. Miciii'jan Suiithcri!. 
 J{ lilway. At Cliarlston with Sheiiand lah ValU'y Mway. At StiM>liui!.r with 
 Viririnia Miillaud Railway. At Staunton with Chesapeake iV Ohio Uway. 
 At Washintriou, I'a., with rittshiire-, Cincinnati iV; St. Louis Railwav,, 
 and Waynoslmi-y A; Washiiitrton Hway. At .Junction Citv with ritl.-liiirL'', 
 Cincinuiti & St. liOuis Railway. At Frederick with lV'iI;i>ylvaniii 
 Hway. At lIager«towu with Cumberland Valley and Wf.stcrn .MarihimV 
 Uways. 
 
 The Route and its Connections. 
 
 From the West to Baltimore and Washington. 
 
 / 
 
 Chicau''o Railway, nud oiu^lit miles beyond, the track <it" tin' ( 'hiciii/o and 
 (iraiid Trunk Railway is crossed, a!id at Wellsboro the Wabash, Sr. Loui--^. 
 and racific Railway is crossed. The train now enters the dense limber land 
 of Northern Indiana, which extends to the l)orders of tli ' State at Deshler. 
 At Milford connection is miidu with the Cini'innati, Wabash and .Mi(diiLraii 
 Uway., and at Avilla with the (rrand Rajtidsand Indiana Rway. Aubiii-n i* 
 the .tuu'.'tion of the Lake Shore A; Mich. S.)utheru Railway, and the Wabash, 
 St. Louis ct Paoilic, and the latter is airaiu crossed at Detiam-e. Deslder, on 
 the Ohio State Line, is the juMCtion of the Ciuciiuiati, Hamilton iV; I)ayt(»ii' 
 Kway. Counectiou ismadeiit Fostoria with the Columbus. HockinLrVal.it 
 Toledo, Ohio Central and the New York, Lake Erie vt Western. At 'I'iflin the 
 Indiana, IJloomiuirton & Western and the North-Western Oliio. The San- 
 dusky river is crossed at this ])oint. The line now])asses throimh a ]»leasant 
 farmin*^ country to Chicago Junction. The railroad repair sh(i))sare located 
 here, and a branch line runs twenty -eiffht :uile8 north to Sandr.sky, on Lake- 
 Erie. liCavinj? Chicai^o Junction, the train runs south through a jiroductivo 
 " ' """ " :-.-^i-- /<i 1 1 /.-I 1.- /.•-.•-. .• . hidiana- 
 
 iriaiie at .mouul > eruou wiiii iiie <. ie\ eiaiiu, .uouiil v ernou iv ue.aware uway.. 
 and from Newark a branch road runs thirty-three miles to Columbus, the- 
 State capital. A hotel and dininy-room and the car and locomotive sliojj.s. 
 of the railroad are located at Newark. The east-bound train now pas.se.s 
 throuirh (me of the richest a<fricuhnral counties in the State, the laml bocom- 
 in'j:more ruLfired as the Ohio river is ajiproached. At Zanesvilie a momentary 
 view is ha'l from the train of one of the handsomest cities in the State. 
 The lino enters Bellaire, the last town in Ohio, by a solid stone archway 
 viaduct of i'i arches, averaging 3J feet ei'ch, covering a distance of 1 ,433 feet^ 
 
18 
 
 BRADSIIAVV S UNITED STATES. 
 
 and passing? the town over the tops of the houses and thence crosses the 
 pictiiresfiuo Ohio river by one of the finest ])rid<;ros in the countiy, which, 
 with its approaches, is one and three-fourth miles in lenL,^th, \V heel 'nt?, the 
 cajjital of West Virg'inia, the spires of which are scarcely visible from the 
 railway ))ridc?e, is four miles up the river, and is reached by local trains 
 from Bcnwood, the first station on the east bank of the Ohio. The train 
 now runs over level lowlands for several miles,, and enters the Pan Handle 
 of West Vir^^inia. The scenery becomes ruij:<,'ed and ])icturesc|ue. Precipi- 
 tous mountain passes open before the train, and ))riii<jfes Jiud tunnels are 
 passed in (luick succession. Wellint,' tunnel (2,200 feet) and Boardtree 
 tunned (i.dOO feet, under a mountain dividin,!< the States of Pennslyvania 
 and NVest Virtifinia), are passed east of Canicron. At P^airmont the Monon- 
 gahcla rivijr is crossed, and the line takes a sinuous course round the ruf<<?ed 
 hills, following the picturesque scenery and the wjnding course of the 
 Valley river to Grafton. The Cincinnati and St. Louis trains meet the 
 Chicago line at this junction. A ])leasant hotel and dining station have 
 ))ecn l)uilt by the railway, and the car shops of the company, located here, 
 supply work for several hundred men. 
 
 From Cincinnati and St. Louis. 
 
 From St. Louis passengers by the Baltimore and Ohio route take th3 
 Ohio and ilississippi Rway. (see descrijjtion) to ('incinnati, and travel 
 thence by the Cincinnati, Wash. & Balto. Railway to Belpre, where, crossing 
 the Ohio river l)y a bridge erected at a cost of .S1,00(),0(M), the tourist arrives 
 without cVange of cars, at I'arkersburg, on the branch line of the Baltimore 
 and Ohio Rway. The line thence traverses the ])ictures(ino mountains of 
 West Virg.nia, passing several small mountain hamlets, and hundreds of 
 oil wells, from which is obt'iined a heavy, dark green oil, extensively used 
 for lubricating all kinds of machinery. This valuahle ])etr.deum is pumped 
 lip from natural rock reservoirs far below the surface, and is kei)t in large 
 tanks (seen near the line). The railroad takes a tortuous course tlirough the 
 dithcnlt mountain jiiisses, generally following the course of a mountain 
 stream, and ])assiug no fewer than twenty-three tunnels and fiftj'-two 
 bridges in 104 miles, between Parkersbnrg ami Grafton. 
 
 Leaving Grafton, the east-bound trains begin the long ascent of the 
 Alleghany mountains, down which the Three Forks river tumbles. Near 
 Tunnolton the train runs through the great Kingwood tunnel, which is 
 4, b'J7 8-10 feet long, and in building consumed nearly three years' time of 
 3,000 men, costing finally iuore than .51,000,000. The scenery of this region 
 has a grandeur oif its own, almost unparalleled anywhere east of the Rocky 
 Mouutiiins. Leaving Tunnelton, th? line now begins a i"ai)id descent, chim- 
 berin'/ along anarr()w, yet massively built gallery, from which is seen (on 
 the luft), -100 feet below, the chocolate-coloui'ed current of th-.i fani:ius Cheat 
 river as it descends through a valley between bold and imijosing mouutiiins. 
 The descent of the train is rapid and ])rccii)itous, and in a few minutes 
 the level of the i-ailroad is reached at Rowlcsburg. The line now begins 
 another asci.nt, with the Salt Lick river tumbling at its side, and, taking 
 the right siuc of the train, some of tVie finest scenery in the mountains 
 is seen ])etwcon Rowlcsburg and Ci-anberry, the next station. One mile 
 ]>eyond Crani)erry (on the Maryland State line), a. view is given, on the 
 right, of thirty' miles of the West Virginia and Maryland mountains. 
 Crossing the Youghiogheny river near Oakland, several fine summer hotels, 
 surrounded by picturesipxe ])ark-lawns, are passed on-the great x\lleghany 
 plateau, for the highest point on the line is now reached. Altamont is 
 2,720 feet above the se». Thence the train begins another descent, more 
 rapid than the last, steani l)eing shut off and the brakes ai)])lied for 
 seventeen miles (to Piedmont), makiug a descent of nearly 2,000 foet. 
 During this desccjit the Savage mountains are seen on the left, beyond 
 the dee]) ravine of the Savage river. Piedmont, at the continence of the Crab- 
 tree and the Xorth fork of the Potomac river, is the seat of large rail- 
 I'oad repair shoi)s and the intersecticm of the celebrated Georges creek 
 coalfields. The lini now recrusses the Potomac, to the Maryland shore, 
 
I 
 
 15RADSHAW S UNITT-::) STATES. 
 
 19 
 
 the 
 
 eiir 
 
 1 is 
 
 of 
 
 rion 
 
 )cky 
 
 im- 
 
 lOilt 
 
 lis. 
 utes 
 ins 
 iiiff 
 ins 
 ii!o 
 tlio 
 ns. 
 els, 
 my 
 is 
 ore 
 for 
 ;ot. 
 md 
 
 !ll). 
 
 il- 
 
 by a fine double iron bridprc, nnd rnns north-east down the vnlloy between 
 Knol)ley mountiiiu'^ ^on the rij?lit) mid Will's and Dan's inountains (on 
 the left), and in twenty-ei^ht miles arrives at Ciunborland, tlie second 
 city in Maryland, and at which point the Company have located their 
 great steel rail works. 
 
 The Pittsburg' Division diverjres here. Trains run north by this line, 
 crossiiiiif the Pennsylvania Sttite line at Ellerslie, six miles from (.'um- 
 berland, then tiu-ninf^ westward, meetint,' the Youtrhio^hen river at ('on- 
 fiuence. Tlu; line thence follows tena-Mously the course of the river in 
 all its windiiiLTS throuj^'h the mountains, and meeting the ^bmoinrahela 
 river at .M('lvees])ort, follows its ritrht bank for fifteen miles to I'lttsburf/. 
 
 beaviny Cumberland, with tlic river, and the Chesaiieake i"t Ohio canal 
 (on which the bituminous coal of ("umberland isbronu'litto the tide-water at 
 (Tcoryetowu) on the riiriit, the train soon crosses the I'otomac a<rain to the 
 West Virt?inia shore, ami passiuytlie tall cliffs called Kelley's Hocks, iiluiifres 
 into the (Jreen SjirinLT Valley, crosses the ])road intervals opi)osite Old Town, 
 ami then bridires the Soutli Fork of the Potoniic and the Little ('acajiou 
 creek. I']merLrin.tr from the I'aw Paw tunnel, liiic nitru'ed scenery is seen on 
 l)oth sides of the line to the Doe (hilly tunnel, which is 1,200 feet lon^', ami 
 pierces a, mountain 1,700 feet hij^h. The train now clambers round the sharp 
 curves of the Upper Potomac, with the river and canal, ])leasant compan- 
 ions, on the left, and, crossinic the ^'reat ('acai)ou river, enters Sir John's 
 Run -one of the most noted and beautiful jilac.s on the line. The famous 
 old summer resort of the Yirijinians, Berkley Si)riiiji's, is reached by the 
 staire (three miles) from the station. 'J'he train now bcLrins the ascent 
 of N(n'th mountain, ]>assin'j: (on the left), near Cherry Uun, the ruins 
 of old I'ort FrfMlerick, a stone work built by Viry:inia. as a frontier 
 p.ist in 1755, and afterwards (177')) occupied by British troo)!-;, CrossinsJT 
 a dreary u])laiid, on which Martin sburir, oceujiied liy Confederate troops 
 in 18(51, is situate<l, the line follows the Tuscarora viiiley, crussinjr, near 
 Kearneysville, the Ojicquan creek. The train then descends the 
 valley 'of Elk Prancli; then the raj^ids of the I'otomac are seen 
 on the left, and the ruins of the old United States arsenal (on the riyht), 
 and the train sto])s at Harper's Ferry. The ]^)tomac and Shenandoah 
 rivers, both in (piestof a iiassaire throuu-h the blue Ridpfe, meet here, split the 
 mountain, and rush away to the sea, lea v in, t;' one of the most stupendous 
 and beautiful jraiis in nature. The Maryland heiirhts across (he Potomac 
 (on the left), the ^'iririnia (London) hei.ud'its over ithe Shenandoah (on the 
 riL"ht), and Bolivar h'.'iu-jits, risinu: from IIar])er's Ferry, beim;' three States 
 within the brea'lrh of a shallow river. Earthworks and battlements aio 
 still discenuble on the heiu-hts, and mark the sccmcs of some of the severest 
 flt4-htinff in the Secession War. Leavinu- Harper's Ferry, the train crosses 
 the Potomac, at the nuuith of the Shenandoah, by a line iron bridge, and 
 traverses the ,<xreat ua]), passing under the cliffs of Elk mountain. Beyond 
 Point of Rocks (junet'onof the old line to Baltimore), th(> line crosf^es the 
 unfruitful Mont^^omevy county, and in one hour arrives at Washinfrfon, the 
 train stoiijun;? (C. St. and N. J. Ave. Stati(m) fairly under the shadow of the 
 Ca])itol. LeaviiKj: Washington for Baltimore and the Fast, the uneasy out- 
 lyin<r landscajic of a trreat city and the National Cajiital are soon left behind, 
 and the line jiasses tlirou^h a ncfrlected ]iasture land. The Atrricnltural 
 Colleure of Maryland is seen in a series of buildin<j:s crowniiiij: a line of 
 hei^bts (on the left), near Paint Branch. Annapolis, the State Caiiital, i.s 
 roa:.'hed in twenty-one miles by a liranch line south-west from Anna])olis 
 Tuuction. Crossiuy tiic hilly country on the borders of Howard county, 
 I he train passes (riprht), ii'Vir Dorsey's, the Maryland House of Correction. 
 A fine view is had (on the riirht) of ' the deep valley of the Pata])sco river 
 from the famous Washington via,duct. The train stoiis at tlie Belay deiiot, 
 a line station and hotel, and thence follows the course of Boberts' Bun, 
 passin.Lr the old Winan's estate, ami the first American tele<rra]>li, con- 
 structed in 1881 by national ap])ro])riation. Crossing Gwynn's Falls by the 
 Carrollton viaduct, the train enters Camden Station, Baltimore. Thenco 
 the Philadelphia and New "k'ork train crosses the bay by t,he lar^'-e transfer 
 steamer Canton, thus affording a pleasant view of tlie city and harbour. 
 
V 
 
 THE 
 
 CHICAGO, BURLINGTON, AND 
 QUINCY RAILWAY LINE. 
 
 CHICAGO, ILLINOIS. 
 
 P.tivciPAT, c.i-itorn torrnimi^ of tli3 extensive " linrlington ronte " railway 
 ssy.stoin, '■ ic'i c msists of several railroads either owned, leased or operated 
 l)V' the ( "iiica'jr.), liurlin-^'^on and Quincy Railroad Comi)any. In the matters 
 v»f facilities for a!l kinds of tratlic, mileage, sn])3ri()r eciuipment, excellent 
 ro id hj is, sni ).)th tracks, raachanical devices for comfort and safety, and 
 « )und financial mana'^ement, the linrlintj^ton route maybe mentioned as 
 one of th ) best illustrations of tho vast and elaborate scale on which success- 
 ful railr.)ads aro c^nductod in America. It includes 5,<)()0 continuous miles 
 •of stcjl track in its systom, and from east to west it not only extends for 
 l,<)i)i) miles in an unbroken lin3 from Chicago direct to Denver, but has two 
 main lines to tho latter point from Chicago, one cid Kansas City, the other 
 via Pacific Junction. It has as well, numerous important through lines, 
 running in a n )rthern and southern directi(m from both its eastern and 
 ^vostern terminals. Its main lines and many branches traverse the six 
 .^reat spates or" Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska and Colorado, and 
 T3 ich all their important cities and towns. All trains at Chicago of tho 
 Barlintrton route arrive at and depart from the Union Passenger Stati(m, 
 ■o'l Canal Street, between Adams and Madison Streets, except Dubuque, 
 •Sicmx ("ity, and St. Paul trains, which leave from central depot, foot of 
 Lake Street. Trains make connection in Union Passenger Station with 
 ithrough trains fr.mi New York and all points in the Kastern States. 
 Through trains, elegantly equipped with Pullman palace and buffet sleeping 
 c:ivs, reclining chair cars, dining cars, and luxurious passenger coaches, leave 
 <.Uiicago (;/(( the Burlington route for Denver {cid either Kansas City or Pacific 
 Junction), Des Moines, Council Blufts, Omalia, St. Josef)h, Atchistm, Kansas 
 <Uty, Ce lar Rai)ids, St. Paul, Dubuciuo and Sioux <'it3'. Owing to its 
 vr30grciphical j) osition, passing as it does for so great a distance dii'ectly 
 througli the "heart of the cimtinent." the Burlingtfui route is the 
 ^jrinciijal line between the East and San Francisco, Portland, and the City 
 of Mexico. 
 
 PEORIA, ILLINOIS. 
 
 One of the eastern termini of the Burlington route. Trains having 
 through reclining chair cars, connecting with trains having through Pull- 
 m.m sle3])ing cars, and dining cars run from Peoria via this route to 
 Kansas City by the way of Quincy. Trains connecting direct with 
 thr«)ugh main line trains, having dining and sleeping cars, are also run 
 from Peoria t^ Burlington, Council Bluffs, Omaha, and Denver. In 
 uddition, trains are run from this point direct to St. Louis. All trains of 
 ifche BurUngt)n route from Pecn-ia connect with through trains from Cin- 
 cinnati, Iudianai)olis, Louisville, and jMiints east and south east, thus 
 forming a through traffic line beiwoon such points and the west. 
 
 ST. LOUIS, MISSOUKIi 
 
 An eastern and 8(nithern terminus of the Burlington route, over which 
 thi'ough Pullman sleeping cars are run over two distinct lines, (me to Rock 
 Island, conn acting with trains for Milwaukee and points in the North- 
 Western States, and tho other to Burlington, Cedar Ra])ids, Minneai)olis, 
 jiud St. Paul, connecting at the latter jwint with trains to St. Vincent, 
 AVinnii)og, and all points in the extreme North-Western States and 
 fc^rrito.'ies. The^e Bui'lingfcon route trains also connect with the through 
 trains oa its mi'u line to the West, on which are run through Pullman 
 
 V. 
 

 HINGUH3JN. 
 
 T A< 
 
 PoicTF 
 
 I ■■./« 
 
 XittleJkTLifol, , 
 
 r^ 
 
 «»4a' 
 
 laX' 
 
 Columhid 
 
 ^Jr^rXr: 
 
 
 OK 
 
 
 
 
 HELKNA 
 
 SAL^ 
 
 I 
 
 .N°">:7 
 
 Uruntingtou 
 
 ■'■ Fort : 
 
 inonx 
 
 o\^a G N 
 
 £:.. .u9« CITY w? *• niFi^°"''5°i?r/ - ^r?" ' , .i*>^' -«$«''i 
 
 ShosTioti 
 
 Si7i;cr CityX 
 
 
 Delta 
 
 ^2.^.3>^. 
 
 WM 'm 1 N G ' 
 
 tH 
 
 .UNION y^ 
 
 cC.'^ 
 
 Tetania V 
 
 >. 
 
 '/ 
 
 ; 
 
 'lUaij, 
 
 
 ;cno ^.H" 4^ -^ I 
 cyVirginia City 
 
 € 
 
 r 
 
 ^V-;?/ 
 
 XNCJ 
 
 »tEf6' 
 
 \'i«i. 
 
 ^^ 
 
 Wfi, 
 
 'Osh 
 
 kj.sALT LAKE ci/rv J'»ri i^mnr^. 
 
 ^■' V-Pr„,Aritv>^ North ParhT-yT^ 
 ^ i^Xp e.»SSriil Middle Pc^ 
 
 Green RiverT*««,5j^0UNv/ "^ ^wi 
 
 \1 JPio^e I ^""^"-"O Ouray ' CwcAolP 
 
 % \v '\ j I Antelope Spring 
 
 [\ \V^ IBuTlionvillH 
 
 \ 
 
 f^JieclvK 
 
 ^/^ 
 
 
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 r^ 
 
 
 5i/||erton^^^^^^o8*i #\g-riui,la^ j^' 
 
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 SY 
 
 i^tv 
 
 ttS* 
 
 I < N em ig r 
 
 JE.ipan(Jla I <^'\JLas W'gas 
 
 r"' 
 
 IVtCfFlr -<0^ 
 
 'iJarstow 
 
 ■1 
 I 
 
 SAXTA FE-: 
 
 
 [Colton 
 
 5*A R I Z N A 1 
 
 ^^ jfATbuViuergue | 
 ^V. &T. Juuctioiii 
 
 if > I _^ 
 
 !C<<.<W^^.^^* 
 
 ^ijver Gity 
 
 !M E#X I C<0 
 
 Burlinstor^ 
 
 ^Route4-m -p^ 
 
 CHICAGO W'^M™ 
 
 BURLINGTON &IIUINCY|% ^Mi%. fl y 
 
 and Connecliqg linesfp 
 
 Rincou 
 
 
 Taso ael^Nbrtej 
 
 Carmen! 
 UTermoiillo 
 
 ^El Paso 
 3^' 
 
 N',\*^^* 
 
 IK\ 
 
 / 
 
FAC. 
 
 fi"J)ISMAKCIL . 'y^^'^J^X^'- 
 
 
 
 ^ \r;\*/ . A y Slnnnner ' 
 
 Al-ti'if. PAUL 1 \.\MKrriU : p.*;:-: 
 
 ^ \ 1 \ WJ.8_C Q H'S\l N 
 
 (> 
 I 
 
 tX- 
 
 
 
 3UR1 
 lumeacna. 
 
 lint Cy, 
 
 ^r,f 
 
 /# g [ 
 
 nula}, .i'jKl -Las Vdg 
 
 xTAFF^y . : 
 
 ,E1 Paso 
 
 ,e 
 
 NV. 
 
 2 V»"Nw< 
 
 B > ^ 
 
 r< S 
 
 n ) k 
 
 
 ^\ 
 
 
 ^•^ 
 
 
 -^ 
 
 
 O ~' 
 
 
 M S 
 
 
 '< s 
 
 
 a ' 
 
i 
 
15RAI)SHAW S UNITKD STATLS. 
 
 21 
 
 l)uffet and palace sleeping cars, uiiiing cars and elos.mt pas?oii<?cr com 
 to Council Bluffs, Omaha and Denver. Trains over thost> linos t,) St. L 
 
 coaches 
 Louis 
 connect in Union doi)ot with all through trains to New Orleans and 
 l)rincipal points in the South. 
 
 ST. JOSEPH, MISSOURI. 
 
 One of the main lines of the Bur'.inrrton route, runninu: between Chicatro 
 or Peoria and Kansas City, riu Quiney, and over which a service of throu,urh 
 recliniui? chair cars, dinii'i'^ cars, and' Pullman palace sleepin,' cars is maui- 
 tained on two dailv trains each way. It can also be reached from Chicaj^o, 
 via the City of Cluiriton, In Imna, and the main line of the Burlinirlon routo 
 in I(nva, sleepini^- cars beiu'.^ available for the entir,; distance ri<i this second 
 line. It is also located on the short lino of the Burlim,nnn route from 
 Kansas City to Des Moines, Iowa, l)etwee!i which ijoints throui,'h sle^pin^ 
 C:irs are run. In addition, it is on still another liiu' of tin* same route, 
 runnimj through trayis ami sleeping cars to Omaha and Coiuicil liluiYs. 
 
 ATCHISON, KANSAS. 
 
 A "Western terminus of one of the lines from Chicag) of the Burlington 
 route, and over which throuu-h Pullman palace sleei)ers are run. Also one 
 of the junction ])oints of the s-.une route, where connection is made with 
 through trains to Mexico, all points in the South-Westeru States and terri- 
 tories, and the so-called " Southern routes" to Californiii. In addition, it 
 is one of the Eastern termini of several important lines of the Burlington 
 route, running to the principal i)oints in the State of Nebraska, and to 
 Denver, Colorado. Sleeping cars are also run over this route by an 
 Hdlitional line to Omaha and Council Bhitfs. ^ 
 
 KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI. 
 
 To and from this point the lines of the Burlington route diverge in 
 a northern, eastern and western directi(m and extend to a largo nmnber 
 of the principal cities of the West. It is reached from Chicago i»« one of 
 the lines of this route, over which two daily trains are run each way, 
 elegantly erpiipped with Pullman i)alace sleeping cars, dining cars, reclin- 
 ing chair cars, and luxurious jjassenger coaches. This particidar " Chicago 
 and Kansas City Line " of the Burlington route forms an important i)art 
 of the direct railroad lines to the City of Mexico and to Southern Cali- 
 fornia points. It also forms a part of one of the two lines of the Bur- 
 lington route between Chicago and Denver. The Western division of this 
 Chicago and Denver lino begins at Kansas City, and through trains with 
 sleeping cars are run from that point to Denver, Through trains and 
 sleening cars are also run over the Burlington route from Kansas City to 
 Des Moines, Iowa, where counectitm is made with trains for points 
 in the North-West; from K.uisas City to Council BlutTs and Omaha, and 
 from Kansas City to Minnoa]iolis and St. Paul. All Burlington route trains 
 connect in union depot at Kansas City, with the principal lines for the 
 South and South-West. 
 
 PACIFIC JUNCTION, IOWA. 
 
 A railway junction point in the State of Iowa, near the^Iissouri River, 
 at which the main line, extending from Chicago to Denver, of the Burling- 
 ton route crosses another line of the same route extending from Kansas 
 City to Council BlutTs ; also the point rid which trains of this route are run 
 between Omaha anrl Kansas City. 
 
 COUNCIL BLUFFS, IOWA. 
 
 Reached from Chicago ])y through trains over the main line in Illinois 
 and Iowa, of the Burlington route. Trains cquip])ed with through Pullman 
 buffet and palace sleeping cars and elegant i)assonger coaches. A railroad 
 jimction point from which oyerland exi)ress trains are run to Portland, San 
 Francisco and points in the extreme North-Western States and territories. 
 Trains with unrivalled eipupment, including sleejjing cars, are also run 
 over the Burlington route from this point to St. Joseph, Atchison niul 
 Kansas City, coimectiug at cither tf the two latter cities with tr.iins for 
 
22 
 
 r.RADSIIAW S UNITED STATES. 
 
 the City of Mexico and points in the Great Soiith-Wcstorn States and terri- 
 tories. ' On the opposite side of the Missouri River, from C'ouuoil Bluffs, is 
 Omaha, the two cities beint? connected )).y a brids^o. From Omaha, the 
 Burlinytcm route runs throuf^h trains, haviuf? sleeping cars attached, direct 
 to Denver, connectinj:? at tlie hitter point, with trains for Salt Lake City, 
 Ogden and San Francisco. 
 
 OMAHA, NEBRASKA. 
 
 Reached via the Burlington route from Chicago on through exjiress 
 U'.iins having dining cars anrl Pullman palace sleepers attached. In 
 addition, through trains witli sleeping cars are run from this point over 
 the same route, south to Kansas (^'ity, and west to Denver, connecting 
 at the latter point with trains for the far AVest and Pacific coast points. 
 Also trains over its own lines to all the ])rincipal cities, towns, and laud 
 points in the State of Nebraska, and in Noi'thern Kansas. 
 
 DENVER, COLORADO. 
 
 The extreme western terminus of the Burlington route, reached from 
 Chicago by either of two lines of that route ; one of these, I'id Pacific 
 .Junction, traverses the great States of Illinois, Iowa, Nebraska, and Colorado 
 in an unbroken line of i,(MM) miles of smooth track, steel rails and pei'fect 
 road beds, over which elegantly-equi])ped trains, with through Pullman 
 palace sleeping cars are run for the entire distance between Chicago and 
 Denver. The other line from Chicago, via this same route, is by the way of 
 Kansas City, and passes through portions of the States of Illinois, Missouri, 
 Kansas, Nebraska, and Colorado, with through trains e(iually welleriuipped, 
 and running over erpilrily smooth tiacks and jierfect road l)eds, as well as 
 being provided with the same appliances (such as interlocking switches at 
 important points, &c.) for the comfort and safety of passengers as is main- 
 tained on the line first menticmed. Reclining chair cars and Pullman 
 sleepers are run over this line cid Kansas City, the latter being maintained 
 for the entire distance to Denver, and dining cars are run on both lines. At 
 Denver these trains connect in Union Depot with through trains for Salt 
 Lake City, San Francisco, and all points in California, iiassing en route the 
 most magnificent mountain scenery of the American Continent; also with 
 trains for the famous health and pleasure resorts of Colorado. On account 
 of the great length of these through lines, as -well as the Union Depot con- 
 nections at both its Eastern and Western Termini, the Burlington Route, 
 has become the great through line between the East and West, and the 
 principal line to Denver and San Francisco. 
 
 SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA. 
 
 Reached cid the Burlington route, over whose lines elegantly-eriuipped 
 express trains, with through Pullman sleei)ers, are run as follows": — Over its 
 own track from Chioigo direct to Denver, either via Pacific Junction or 
 Kansas City ; from Chicago direct to Council Bluffs ; or from Chicago direct 
 to Kansas City. 
 
 PORTLAND, OREGON. 
 
 Reached by the Burlington route, over whose lines elegantly-equipped 
 ti'ains, having Pnllman buffet and i)alace sleeping cars, are run from 
 Chicago to Council Bluffs ; or trains having through Pullman sleeping ears 
 from Chicago to St. Paul. 
 
 CITY OF MEXICO, MEXICO. 
 
 Reached by the Burlington route, over whose lines through trains, having 
 reclining chair cars, Pullman palace sleeping cars, dining cars and luxurious 
 passenger coaches are run from Chicago to Kansas City or Atchison. 
 
 ST. PAUL, MINNESOTA. 
 
 Through Pullman palace sleeping cai's are run to this point over the 
 Burlington route from Chicago. From St, Paul through Pullman sleepers 
 are run to St. Louis, and to Kansas City, via Council Bluffs, over the 
 Burlington route. 
 
>-^ 
 
 THE SANTA FE ROUTE. 
 
 THE GREAT MIDDLE ROUTE TO CALIFORNIA. 
 
 3t 
 
 THE ATCHISON, TOPEKA AND SANTA FE RAILWAY, 
 
 Tilt Albuqueuql'E and Mojave, 
 
 Now well known to transcontinental travel, traverses almost entirely a 
 re.ti^ion whose climate is but a modification of i)eri)etnal summer. There arc 
 no snowbound trains, lons^ delays or disagreeable and perilous winter un- 
 certainties. Storms, either of winter or summer, are almost unknown. 
 Even on the gradual ascent of the western plains the traveller is already in 
 a celebrated health-resort. Amid the unsurpassed sccnerj' of New Mexico, 
 Colorado, Arizona, and Southern California, cold, ordinarily considered, is 
 unknown. 
 
 Traversinsx some of the most strikinc? wonders and remarkable scenes of 
 nature, this route lies also amid the (piaint surroundinj^s of that older 
 civilization to which the majority of travellers are as yet strangers. Adobe 
 towns, Puel)lo villages, <iueer customs and costumes, and the oldest and 
 happiest civilization of America appear immediately beyond that miracle 
 of modern progress, Middle and Western Kansas, where ten years of 
 o 3cuj)ancy have produced all the results of a century in any other land. There 
 are the scenes that seem to have been set by nature at most untimely hours 
 and immediately after the I'esultof some Titanic election had been declared ; 
 Manitou, the Garden (^f the Goils, Chej^enne Canyon. There is Las Vegas 
 Hot Springs, with its colossal hotel and uneiualled pleasure grounds ami 
 baths ; Santa Ft', El Paso, Los Angeles, and all that lies between these 
 points through the gardens and vineyai'ds of Southern California up to San 
 Francisco, or by way of San Francisco to Honolulu, Sidney or Auckland, 
 India, China or Japan. 
 
 The Santa Fe route is especially adapted to the business it advertises, 
 and in every case fulfills its promises. Its facilities for through Californiti 
 business have lately been largely increased. Leaving out all cimsiderations 
 of pleasure, and passing ^)y all the delightful rests and stopping places 
 made bj' nature and improved by man, there is no rout, by which the 
 traveller can reach the principal points of the Pacifi'- <'';ast more 
 cpiickly or surely. There is no transcontinental lino having a road-bed in 
 all res))ects equalling this. "Winter or summer there ai'C no delays. It uses 
 every inaprovement known to modern advancement. By mere accident it 
 lacks precisely nineteen miles of being the shortest of all routes between 
 the Missoiiri River and S.iu Francisco, and is practically able to discount 
 the time-table of any other I'oute by t-everal hours. Its "desert," imme- 
 diately east of Mojave, is the narrowest and cleanest of all those howling 
 wildernesses which, by a peculiar dispensation of Providence, every trans- 
 continental line must cross. Asa scene of impressive desolation, studded 
 with gigantic cacti and floored with conci'ete and vast expanses of black 
 and jagged lava, walled b3- blue movintains and glowing with yellow light, 
 this "desert," traversed at a speed of forty miles an hour, is one of 
 the most impressive scenes of a remarkable journey. 
 
24 
 
 TU^VDSHAW S UN'ITKD .STATUS. 
 
 P'or the lm-*'nc-!>< mm who is in i\ Imrry, tho invalid who is in search of 
 hoilth, or the tourist wiio tnivcl.s for ])lo i.sure, thj (tre it Middle Route to 
 the l*a(!ific5 Cojist; his no e |U;il in smoothness of trd-'k, oleLfiince of 
 e(|ui|)rnent, diversity of scenery and interest, re.ijuhirity of timo and 
 certainty of connections. 
 
 NEWTON. ^ 
 
 Tho contro of the ntrricultural district of Kiusis. From here branch 
 numerous lijies southward, on which are many Eni^Iish settlers, prosjjenntf 
 f^'reatly. The A. 'i\ A; S. F. Riilway Hotel at tin station is i)articularly K"<>dt 
 and Mr. Irwin, its man ttj^jr, a th(n''ou<,'h sportsm.m. This i.s a K^cat centro 
 for prairie <^rouse or chiokeus. 
 
 DODaS CITY. 
 
 Those it of tho vast cattle trade of Kansas and tho In lian territory ; 
 countless thousunds of auim lis are driven here, als ) from Texas, for sale 
 and shi])mcnt t) Kansiis City and Cliicairo, by tin Atchison, To])eka and 
 Santa Fe rail I'outv). Dod^e is interestinj^ tj st )!> at, but the t(jwn, though 
 hirge, affords no reallj' comfortable hotel. 
 
 LAS VEGAS HOT SPRINGS. 
 
 Here is docidedly the i)lace t) brcik the journey on the middle route 
 (Atchison, To])3ka and Santa Fc) to San Francisco, Los Anijoles, San 
 I)ie;?o, or the CiLy of Mexico. For ye irs be /"ore tho fame of Las Vegas Hot. 
 Springs reiched tho ears of modern science, the nativ'C Indian resorted to 
 thotn whenever his hardy C(mstitution feU, "out of sorts." Tho distance 
 and time tjken to run hero from Chicago will be f(mnd in the route table, 
 and show that this health resort is about half way from Chicago or St. Louis, 
 to tho centres of interest on the Pacific Coast. 
 
 "•"•as Vegas Hot Springs, though in hititude 35' 40", arc ple.isant 
 all turough summor ; their altitude being G,7i)'.) feet. Being nestlctl among" 
 the fo't hills of the Rockies, and at the entrance of the Gnllinas Canon, 
 they also arc sheltered from all violent northerlj' storms in winter. 
 
 The Montezuma -a magnificent hotel here -has been recently burned, 
 hnt The Sfo He JIoKsc off evii capital accommodation ; its limited size, how- 
 ever, renders it desii-able to write ahead to tho manager for rooms. No 
 great disappointment, however, can ever occur, because in the town of 
 Las Vegas, only six miles off by rail, there is am])le hotel accommodation — 
 not, however, of so excellent a character as that afforded by The Sfoup 
 House, The climate at the Springs is dry, and there is a great excess of 
 clear over clouded days. The Springs are forty in number, varying from 
 75 degrees to 140 degrees Fahr. No. Si)ring furnishes, alone, 3»),000 gallons 
 of v'ater to the bathhouse daily. All these remarkable Springs have been 
 walled in and covered, and being on the hillside they deliver their supplies 
 through pipes into the handsome bathhouse at the foot of the glen. 
 
 The skin after a bath in these wators has a soft, velvety feeling, and n 
 most pleasant freshness. The resident physicians are men of great ex- 
 perience, and have found the diseases cured, or benefited l)y these waters 
 are rheum itisra, gout, skin diseases, mental exhaustion, and dysnepsia, but 
 persons suffering in other ways have derived very great relief here. There 
 are two bathhouses, one for water, and the other for mhd l)aths. There 
 are eight different sorts of baths given, varying in price from 2s. upwards. 
 Tho mud here appears under the microscope gelatinous, its earthy 
 ])roperties having undergone a complete eluxn2"e from the percolation 
 through It for centuries of hot chemical water. The mud baths are given 
 in a very peculiar manner, viz., in ordinary tubs, and have become moso 
 ])opular. It may in conclusion bo said that the progress of pulmonary 
 dise vse has been almost absolutely arrested a,t Las Vegvvs Hot Springs. 
 Hotel rates rango from 12s. to IGs. per day. 
 
RHADSIIAW S UNITFCD STATKS. 
 
 25 
 
 Some Southern Californian health resorts reached 
 by the Great Middle Route:— 
 
 )f 
 
 IS 
 
 in 
 
 p 
 
 in 
 
 [s 
 It 
 
 LOS ANGELES, SANTA MONICA, SAN 
 GABRIEL, PASSADENA, &c. 
 
 Los An'^clos, tho c.iiiitfil (if Soiithenx ('Mlifoniiii, lit-* iriviitly iiioroiisod 
 in sizj au'l wo.ilth iliiriuij the last few yours, duriuLr whicli tlio Atliiiitic! 
 nnd Pacific and other extensions of the Atcliis )ii, Topcka and Santa Ft* 
 Railroad Invo reached it, irreatly shortening? its distinr-c from the Atlantic 
 and Mid-We-*tern cities. It now numbers ."{o, ()(»!> inhaUitants, and is tin; 
 centre of tourist and business travel in Southern Californi i. All manner of 
 lileasjint cxcMirsions may bo made comfortably form her.'. It is only an 
 hour's run by rail to Santa Monic i, tho favourite s^M-batlunir resort of the 
 Los ATinfclans. Another ])retty line of local rail, the " Los Antreles and San 
 Gabriel Valley," runs in less than an hour thronjrh I'assaleni, whore, for 
 mile after mile stretcdies before the eyeoran<;e and lemon y'''"ves, vineyards, 
 and orchards. This line terminates at the Sierra Madre Villa, a first-class 
 hotel, most picturesijuely situated in its own grounds, at the foot of the 
 mountains. Mountain and sei air combines to form a i)erft'ct atmosjdienj 
 hci*e, and only the want of railway comnnmicatiou has hitluM-to ki'pt this 
 cliarminf? hotel and its oran,<»e fifroves from ])ecomini; famous. From its 
 observatory may be seen the whole length of the San (Jabriel Valley in 
 perpetual sunli^jrht. Whilst behind rise the (Jrand Siena Madre Mountains 
 offerinof close at hand to peri)etual sunshine all the AIi)ine experience 
 that ma.y be soufjht by the adventurous mountain climber. From here it is 
 only a pleasant night's rail run to Sa:i Diego in a Pullman sieei)or. 
 
 MADERA (for the Yosemite Valley). 
 
 Madera is a station on the Southern Pacific Railway. 'I'hnaigh Pullmans 
 from Kansas City, vid the Atchison, Tojieka and Santa Fe antl Atlintic and 
 Pacific Railroads run through it. The hotel at Madoi'.i is comfortable. 
 From there large stigo-ooaches stirt for the YosomitJ Valley evary day 
 during the late spring an I early summer se.ison. 
 
 SAN DIEGO (On California Soiithern Railway). 
 
 Johnson's Enc.yclo])a'dia states, at page Sfi, that " The climate of San 
 Diego is shewn by the recorded observations of the United States Signal 
 Service, established there, to bo the mildest and most equable of which any 
 knowledge exists." 
 
 Whilst in New York the mean tempera tiire for January is 31, 
 in San Diego it is 57. In August it is 87 degrees in New York, whereas in 
 San Diego it is 72. Unlike most other of the Pacific seiisido resorts, San 
 Diego has a pleasantly dry climate, the mountains behind it attracting the 
 Pacific fogs and rain-clouds to them. The hotels are good, the harbour large, 
 nnd affording comi)lote shelter for boating and fishing excursions. The 
 Mexican >)oundary is a few miles to the south. Steamers run from San 
 Diego to Santa Barbara and San Francisco. 
 
 RIVERSIDE (California Southern Railway). 
 
 Has one of the bopt hotels in California, and is situated amidst the 
 largest fruit and vine fields of the State ; the Ijoauty of the carriage drives, 
 exquisite cleanliness of the fruit cultivation, and the residences of all the 
 cnltivators, lar^•e as well as small, being of such critrcme neatness, renders 
 this the typical garJ.en spot of California. 
 
26 
 
 nUADSHAW S UXITKD STATES. 
 
 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS. 
 
 J ) 
 
 Abenftquis Springs {Vcr,:ioiif).— 
 Near Hollows Falls. 
 
 Hotels : Fall Mountain Uotol. 
 
 A small but ijleasant rcsf)rt for 
 invalids, with hiylily tonic sprinjjs, 
 poHsossinj,' medic'iiinl i)roi)erties. 
 The scenery is very Ijcnutiful. The 
 hotel is close to the s]»rinKf<. A j^ood 
 path leads to top of Table Rock, 
 whence there is an extensive view 
 of Connecticut Valley. 
 
 Reached by Connecticut River 
 Railway, from New York, cut 
 Springfield, in 9i hours. 
 
 Adams {Massochusetia). — Five miles 
 from Cheshire. 
 
 Hoteh : Greylock House. 
 
 A thrifty manufacturing town, 
 with hirge weaving and spinning 
 mills and other factories. The best 
 point to visit, Greylock Moitufaiu, 
 3,500 feet high, the highest eleva- 
 tion in Massachusetts. A carriage 
 road almost to the summit renders 
 the ascent easy. The view is grand, 
 embracing Berkshire Hills, the val- 
 ley of the Hoosac and Housatonic, 
 the Green Mountains, the Catskills, 
 and Mounts Monadnoek, Tom, and 
 Holyoke. Another and more ditii- 
 cult, but more picturesijue, route to 
 the Greylock is from North Adams. 
 
 Reached by Boston and Albnnj- 
 Railway, from Springfield, via Pitts- 
 field, in 3 hours. 
 
 Adirondacks, The. — In the 
 
 northern part of New York, 
 between Lakes George and Cham- 
 plain and the St. Lawrence River. 
 Extends Northwards to Canada 
 and Southwards almost to the 
 Mohawk River. 
 
 Thirty years ago, this remarkable 
 elevated plateau, composed of moun- 
 
 tains, valleys, lakes and rivulets, 
 etc., was scarcely known save to 
 hunters, trappers and lumbermen. 
 It extends over more than 150 miles 
 in latitude and 100 in longitude. 
 Its ajiproximate elevation above the 
 level of the sea is 2,000 feet. Tho 
 five mountain ranges traversing 
 this plateau from south-east to 
 north-east nin almost parallel, and 
 terminate in Lake Chauiplain. Tho 
 general elevation of these moun- 
 tains surpasses that of any east of 
 the Rocky Mountains ; tho entire 
 number exceeds .'jOO, but only a very 
 few have received names. The 
 highest (Mount Marcy) is 5,3:J7 feet 
 high, and scarcely any are below 
 5,000. The scenery they present is 
 wild ard savage. Their slopes are 
 covered with primeval forests, and 
 their bare and rocky summits with 
 moss, grass and Alpine plants. 
 
 In the valleys are many largo 
 ard small lakes. Some of these are 
 exceedingly lieautiful. They are 
 said to exceed 1,000 in number. 
 Most of them are 1 ,500 feet above 
 the level of the sea, while one. Lake 
 Perkins, siaads at three times 
 that elevfition. The largest are 
 Long Lake, Saranacs, Fulton, 
 Tupper, Colden, Henderson, San- 
 ford, Raquette, Newcomb and 
 Pleasant Lake. The scenery is 
 very grand indeed and resembles 
 what the Swiss and Scottish High- 
 lands might have been before they 
 had been brought under their pre- 
 sent cultivation. A great many 
 rivers, rivulets and brooks con- 
 nect them. The greatest is the 
 Raquette — which, after a course of 
 over 120 miles, falls into the St. 
 Lawrence. 
 
 The vegetation of this reginn con- 
 sists of forests of bircti, beech, 
 maple, ash, hemlock, spruce, f.r, 
 
Al'KNAQUIS Sl'KlXUS — AKHOX. 
 
 bn- 
 
 ccdiir aiul whito pino. Iiitho lower 
 hiiuU the ci'diw, Jiimurack, luick- 
 iniitack and lii-iiilook t'oini Hliii'i>t 
 iinpeiietnibloswainp.s. Tliu Kauna 
 is repro^ioiitod li.v tho i)aiilher, 
 black bear, \v(/lt', wild cat, lynx and 
 wolverine. Moose i^' said lu hu ex- 
 tinct, l)ut deer are abundant. Tbc 
 llsber, sable otter, mink, niuskrat, 
 fox, hadK*^!', woodeluu'k, rabljit and 
 S(liiirrel in several varieties arc still 
 encountered in jfreat numbers. 
 Birds arc numerous, and anion jr 
 them war catrUs, liawks, owls, 
 loons, d\u'ks, cranes, herons, ravens, 
 crows, partritlL'Os, merit special 
 mention. Salmon, speckled and 
 lake trout, swarm in the lakes and 
 rivers. 
 
 Plattsburg, Ausable Clinsm, 
 Elizabeth Town, I'ort Kent, West 
 Port, Lake Placid, Keeseville, I'aul 
 Smith's, Prospect House, Miller's 
 IJartlett's, Lucerne, North Creek, 
 Blue Mount Lake, Lonj? Lake Vil- 
 hiKO, Shroon Lake Village, and 
 Root's arc the dilYerent railway 
 stations and points of departure 
 for excur.sions. The fares from 
 New York vary Ijctween 8 dols. and 
 16 dols. to the different stations. 
 For description of different excur- 
 sions from above centres see each 
 of them in text. 
 
 Guides: Maj' be had at any of 
 the hotels, at 2 dols. or 3 dols. 
 per day; they will provide l)oatg 
 and all other re(iuisites. Each 
 traveller should have a s'uide to 
 himself; the cost of living does 
 not exceed 1 dol. per week when 
 once in the woods. 
 
 Tho most fre(iuented route by 
 which the Adirondacks are entered 
 is by way of Plattsburg. Other 
 favourite routes arc vid Port Kent, 
 West Port and Elizabeth Town, 
 Shroon, Long and Rarpiette Lakes, 
 etc., though all are of equal variety 
 and interest. 
 
 Adrian (JficAi^aH).— Near Toledo; 
 population (1870), 8,500. 
 
 Hoteh: Toledo, City, 
 
 The largest city in southern Michi- 
 gan, in a rich agricultural country. 
 Well built and with prosperous 
 manufactories. There is here a 
 monument to the soldiers who fell 
 in the Civil War; Central Union 
 
 St'hool liuililings is one of the ftnes^ 
 in the West. 
 
 Hi'iicliL'd by Michiirim Southern 
 Railway, from ("liia^'o, in «> hours. 
 
 Aiken (CaroUtKi, Soitth), —On tho 
 I'ro.iticr of South Carolina and 
 (Jeoriria; poiJulation (1sm»), l.soo. 
 
 JMrln: Highland Park, Aiken, 
 Clarendon. 
 
 Built upon a table-land about fUM) 
 or 700 feet above tho level of the 
 sea, this is one of the most famous 
 and most fronuontod winter resorts 
 in America. Tho vegetation is 
 scanty, and consists of but little 
 grass and very few minor i)lants ; 
 the southern or stone i)inc, how- 
 ever, finds a good soil here, and vast 
 forests of it encircle the town on 
 all sides. The main ifvcnue is 205 
 feet in width, and the others 150 feet. 
 The houses are large and ])lea8ant, 
 very far apart from each other, and 
 surrounded by gardens with largo 
 trees and rare southern plants, 
 kept uj) at great cost owing to tho 
 barrenness of the soil. This luxu- 
 rious vegetation of jasmine, rose 
 bushes, orange, wild olive, lig trees, 
 Ijamboo, Spanish bayonet, and 
 numberless vines and crcei)ers, 
 oiler a strange contrast to the bare 
 streets, composed of sand as whito 
 and dry as on the seashore, 
 The air is remarkably drj^ and 
 pure, and the ]iines contribute 
 largely to its health-giving ixjwers. 
 The winter is, so to sjjoak, like 
 *' four months of Juno " in mildness 
 and geniality. Mean temperature 
 03. H (leg. Eahr. in the year, and 
 40.4 deg. in the three winter months. 
 Average rainfall, 7.10 inches in 
 the three winter months, and 40. 30 
 inches for the year. Much visited 
 by rheumatic and gouty patients, 
 as also by invalids suffering from 
 consumption. 
 
 Reached by South Carolina Rail, 
 waj', from Charleston, in 4^ hours. 
 
 Akron (Ohio). — Near Cleveland; 
 population (1880), 17,000. 
 
 Hotels : Sumner House, Empire 
 Hotel. 
 
 Built in a rich agricultural 
 country, it is situated about 400 feet 
 above the level of the sea, at the in- 
 tersection of the Pennsylvania and 
 Ohio and Ohio and Erie Canals. 
 
23 
 
 BRADSHAW S l;:^:ITKD STATES. 
 
 ]t po3sor-ise.-; numerous mills, fac- 
 t-)ries, etc., driven hy the waters 
 of the canals aud of the Little Cuya- 
 ho;^a Hiver. F'lour and woollen 
 ^oods are exported. In the vicinity 
 there are large bads of mineral fire- 
 proof paint. 
 
 Reached hy New York, Lake Eric 
 an I Western Railway, from Cin- 
 cinnati, in lU hours. 
 
 Alatoona (Georgia).— SmuW villaro, 
 •11- miles from Dalton. 
 llutth : The Alato:)ua House, 
 
 General Johnson, retreating from 
 Resaca, took up his jjositiou here, 
 which was considered impreg- 
 nahle. He was for ed back, how- 
 ever, by the Confedrates to Chat- 
 tahoochee and Atlanta. 
 
 Reached by Kasi Tennessee, Vir- 
 p; nia a id Georj^ia Flailway, from 
 Cievela.Kl, in U hours. 
 
 Albany {'^cw Yor'k).—\ Railway 
 cciitre on the H idson; population 
 nearly 100,(M)0. Capital of New York 
 S'ate. 
 
 ILtteh : Delavan House, Stauwix 
 Hall, American, Dunlop, Globe, 
 BiMinswick, Mansion and Konmore ; 
 prices from 2^^ dols. to 4 dols. per day. 
 
 Rpiiding liooms in State Library, 
 New Capitol, and at Young Men's 
 Christian Association in Pearl-street 
 a'^d North Pearl-street, Tramways 
 intersect the city. It has three iror 
 bridges, eight daily newspapers, 
 and a good number of weeklies and 
 iTKmthlies, 
 
 Albany was founded by the Dutch 
 in 16U, and next to Jamestown, 
 Virginia w as the earliest European 
 settlement in the original 13 states. 
 The present name dates from 160J., 
 in honour of the Duke of York and 
 Albany (James II.). It was chartered 
 in 1686, and made the capital in 1798. 
 It is a large commercial centre at 
 the head of the navigaticm of the 
 Hudson, the great Erie Canal and 
 Champlain Canal, and n station for 
 several important railways. 
 
 Broadway is the main business 
 street near' the river. State-street, 
 bA a steep ascent from Broad- 
 way, leads into Capitol-sfpiare, in 
 which are the public buildings. 
 The iVf«' Capitol, begun in 1871, is 
 now finished, and almost entirely 
 occupied. It is built of Maine granite 
 
 in Renaissance style, and will be, 
 when completed, the most splendid 
 and largest building in ATuerica, 
 with the exception of the Wash- 
 ington Capitol. On the highest 
 point of the city it is 320 feet 
 high, and is 3<H) feet by 400 
 feet stjuare ; the porticoes cover 
 over more than three acres, and the 
 walls are KKS feet high. The " Staffs 
 Lihniri/ " in the Capitol has over 
 150,(HhI volumes, together with 
 collections of curiosities and his- 
 torical relics, Sfate Hall, in Eagle- 
 street, is of white marble. Citi/ 
 Hall is in Eagle-street and Wash- 
 ington Avenue. Tke City liuihl- 
 inijg. State Ariieual, Gooeniment 
 liiiildinf/ii, Yunng Men^» A^xociatioti, 
 State Geoloffiral aud Agricultural 
 Hall, Mtdical Collige. There are 
 above 50 churches, of which only 
 the Cathedral of the Immaculate Coii' 
 cption (Eagle-street) and St Jo»iph 
 (Tenbrook-street) are noteworthy. 
 The stained-glass windows in the 
 Cathedral are amongst the richest in 
 America, St. Peter's, Second Re- 
 formed, and First Pi'esbyterian, are 
 handsome new churches. The j. hidley 
 Obxercafori/, on the Observatory-hill, 
 north of the town, was founded and 
 endoweu by Mrs. Blandina Dudley. 
 The Penitentian/, one mile west of 
 the city, is a model prison, and con- 
 ducted on the contract system. 
 The hospitals and charities are nu- 
 merous and noteworthy, and the 
 e lucational institutions are very 
 efficient. The !'</« lif^nnelacr Manor 
 House and Schui/ler Houne are build- 
 ings of the earlier period of the city 
 and interesting, Washington Park 
 is handsomely laid out and is the 
 fashionable rendezvous. On the 
 ojiposite side of the river are the 
 p ipulous suburbs of G r jenbush.East 
 Albany, and Bath on the Hudson, 
 
 Reached 1)y New York, Central 
 and Hudson River Railway, from 
 New York, in 8 hours, or by steamer 
 from New York in 13 hours. 
 
 Albion (Xew York). — A small but 
 attractive village on the road from 
 Rochester to Niagara Falls, Capital 
 of Orleans County, 
 
 The Court House, Gaol, and Sol- 
 diers' Monument, are objects of 
 interest. 
 
 Reached bj' New York, Centra 1 
 and Hrdson River Railway, from 
 New York, in 13^ hours. 
 
ALATOONA — ALTON, 
 
 2ri 
 
 nu- 
 the 
 
 m. 
 itral 
 from 
 Imer 
 
 but 
 
 Jroin 
 
 )ital 
 
 ISol- 
 of 
 
 Itrnl 
 L'om 
 
 I 
 
 Alexandria (Virgiuia).— On the 
 south side ot the River Potomac, 
 and Steven miles below Washiti^ton. 
 Hote'if: Pot)mac, City, Lee. 
 
 Ikiih in 1718, it is a fpiaint old 
 town. The pew (No. 59) in which 
 Wa-<hington sat in Christchurch, 
 and No. 16 in same church occupiefl 
 by General R. K. Leo, Museum 
 Court House, Odd Fellows' Hall, 
 Theolo^'ical Seminary, and National ; 
 Cemetery, outside the town, are I 
 obiects ot interest. I 
 
 Reached by rail and ferry l)oat8 i 
 from Washington every hour. j 
 
 Alexandria Bay {New York).— On \ 
 the St. Lawrence, faciu-j the 
 Thousand Islands. 
 
 llittrh: Thoasand Islands and 
 Crossmon. 
 
 This, a small villajre on the New 
 York sViore o<"" the St. Lawrence, is 
 the chief summer resort in the 
 nei;,'hbourhood of the Thousand 
 Islands. On the islets near the 
 bay are numerous villas, one of 
 them owned by Mr. Pullman, 
 the palace car owner. Excellent 
 boatintf and fishinar. Wild fowl is 
 very abundant. Close by are the 
 Theresa Lakes. 
 
 Frequent steamers between Cape 
 Vincent and Clayton. 
 
 Reached from New York, by 
 New York Central and Ulica Bhick 
 River Railway, in 14 hours. 
 
 Allejrhany City {Pe)n>»ylainui).~ 
 On the west shore of the •* llejjrhany 
 River, opposite Pittsburg; popu- 
 lation (1880), 78,7110. 
 
 Jlofcis: Central, Alleghany House. 
 
 A great manufacturing centre, 
 many of the Pittsburg manu- 
 facturers have their costly resi- 
 dences here. The City Hall, Alle- 
 ghany Library, St. Peter's Church, 
 with' })as-relief over entrance, the 
 Western Penitentiary, the Semin- 
 aries, Western University, Observa- 
 tory, Park, with Humboldt Mon\i- 
 mcnt, are objects of interest. The 
 Soldiers' Monument, erected to 
 those who feU in the Civil War, 
 is a graceful column, with variously 
 armed soldiers at the base. The 
 Hampton Battery Monument is 
 also worth seeing, and the view 
 
 is very fine ; conno 'tol with Pittt--.- 
 burg by several l)ri(lges. 
 
 Reached by the Pennsylvania 
 Railway,from Blairsvil'.e, iii ij hours. 
 
 Alleghany Springs 'J'irr/iiiiu).— 
 In the Alleghany ilountains, and 
 near Staunton. 
 
 Jloteh : Springs House. 
 
 Built upon undulating ground, 
 the scenery is vjry wild and 
 l^icturesque, and t'.ie" village con- 
 sists only of the hotel and a few 
 cottages. Close by is the Puncheon 
 run Falls and Fisher's View. '1 he 
 waters are alkali-saline, and useful 
 in dyspepsia, biliary secretions, 
 costivencss, scrofula, jaundice, and 
 incipient consiunption. 
 
 Reached by Norfolk and Western 
 Railway, from AUegliany, three 
 miles diligence. 
 
 Allentown {Pen>i.\i/Inni!<i). — Near 
 Ea.ston, and botuetn Jordan Creek 
 and Lehigh Paver ; population 
 (1880), 18,()(M). 
 
 Jfofeig : City, Lelaud, Commercial. 
 
 A regularly and w^U built town, 
 with tramways on thj principal 
 streets. Stands (>u an eminence. 
 A thriving jdacc, with County Couit 
 House and County Prison, ami 
 several schools, all of which are 
 attractiv^e and noteworthy. Muli- 
 lunberg College and Mammoth 
 Rock, with tine views, as also 
 se\ eral mineral si)rings, are a little 
 outside the town. 
 
 Reached by Central Railway of 
 New Jersey and LehiLrh Valley Rail- 
 way, in 2k hours, from New York. 
 
 Alton (////»ojx). — Overlooking the 
 Mi8sissii)pi ; i)opulation (188()),9,( tiO. 
 
 Iluteh : Depot, Brent. 
 
 Built upon a high limestone hill, 
 this is a prosperous centre of a rich 
 farming country, for which its river 
 navigation and three railway ter- 
 mini adapt it wonderfully. Several 
 manufactures and lime and building 
 st(me are exported, beat of a bishoj)- 
 ric, the Jiotnan Catfialic Ciithednil is 
 very large. The fonuer ftate Pevt- 
 tenfiari/ and ShurtleJ^' (ulh genre ah > 
 objects of interest. Three milen 
 below Alton is the c( ntluence of 
 Missouri and Mii-sissij.pi. 
 
 Reached from Chicago, by Chicago 
 and Alton Railway, in 10^ hours. 
 
30 
 
 BKADSIIAW S UXITKD STATES. 
 
 Alton Bay {New ILtiupshirc). — The 
 most southern point of Lake 
 Winnepessiukee. 
 
 Jlotch : Winnepesaukee House. 
 
 Built at the head of a narrow 
 estuar^', resemblinjf? more a river 
 than a lake ; it is a centre for excur- 
 sions on the beautiful lake. In the 
 vicinitj'are Sheep Mountain, Pronjtecf 
 mil. Mount Major. Lon^^ee Pond 
 and Merry Meeting Lake are all ol)- 
 jects worth a visit. Mount Belknap 
 affords a verj- fine view of the 
 country. 
 
 Reached Ijy Boston and Maine 
 Railway, from Boston, in 41 hours. 
 
 Altoona (Pennsylcaniu). — At foot of 
 Alleghanies, and at head of Tucka- 
 hoe Valley; population (I88()),20,0(K). 
 
 Hotels: Logan, Brant's, St. 
 Charles. 
 
 A handsome town, built since 
 1850. The machine shops of the 
 Pennsylvania Railway are here, and 
 have materially assisted the rapid 
 growth of the town. All trains stop 
 here for refreshments, and travel- 
 lers arriving at night stop so as to 
 cross the Alleghanies l)y daylight. 
 For the next 11 miles after Altoona 
 some of the finest scenery and 
 greatest engineering feats on the 
 whole Penns3'lvania Railway may 
 ])e seen. Going west left side of car, 
 and going east right hand side 
 should be selected in order to have 
 a good view. Near the summit is a 
 tunnel of 3,612 feet long. Cresson 
 Springs are 2\ miles beyond this 
 tunnel, 3,000 feet above the sea. 
 
 Reached by Pennsylvania Rail- 
 way, from Philadelphia, in 11 
 hours. 
 
 Amlierst {Massachusetts). — 95 miles 
 from New ^ondon; population 
 (1880), 4,000. 
 
 Hotels : Amherst Hotel. 
 
 A charming, irregularly - built 
 town, noted for its college, pic- 
 turesque surroundings, and highly 
 cultured society. Situated on a hill, 
 it commands an extensive view. 
 Grace Church and First Congrega- 
 tional Church are worthy of atten- 
 tion. The ColUge, iowwAQA in 1821, is 
 one of the first in America as regards 
 educational resonrces. The view 
 
 from it is very fine. The collections 
 in zoology, l)oLany, geolog^', Ac, are 
 among tlie richest, and are all open 
 to visitors. The Shepard Cabinet of 
 minerals is said to Ije only sur- 
 lias.sed by those of the British Mu- 
 seum and Imperial Cabinet in 
 Vienna. The collection of an- 
 cient impressions in stone of ante- 
 diluvian animals is without a rival. 
 The Memorial Chapel, Wulkt-r and 
 Williston Halls, are worth inspec- 
 tion. The Massachusetts A.gricul- 
 tural College, with the DurfeeFlant 
 House, was founded in 1860, and is 
 the most successful agricultural 
 school in the country. 
 
 Reached by Central Vermont and 
 New London Northern Railway, 
 from Brattleljoro, in 10 hours. 
 
 Amsterdam {New I'>rAr). — Popu- 
 lation (1880), 11,700. 
 
 Hotels: City, Central, Brunswick, 
 Commercial, and German. 
 
 Situated on the Mohawk River 
 with the Erie Canal opposite. A 
 manufacturing town with Opera 
 House, Union Hall, Newton and 
 Sanford Halls. 
 
 Reached by New York Central 
 aiTd Hudson River Railway, from 
 New York, in 6 hours. 
 
 Anderson {Indiana). — Population 
 (1880), 1,300. 870 miles from New 
 York. 
 
 Hotels : Commercial. 
 
 On the road from New York to 
 St. Louis, situated on an eminence 
 on the left bank of the White River, 
 in a very fertile country. Close ))y is 
 a dam of 34 feet elevation, the water- 
 power thus obtained being used t > 
 drive numerous manufactories. 
 
 Reached l)y Chicago, St. Louis 
 and Pittsburg Railway, from Cin- 
 cinnati, in 4} hours. 
 
 Andover {Massachusetts). — Essex 
 County; population (1880), 5,200. 
 
 Hotels: Mansion House, Elm 
 House. 
 
 An old town in the manufacturing 
 and agricultural interests. TownHall 
 and Philipps' Academy, one of the 
 oldest in the Union, founded in 1778. 
 
 Reached by Boston i,nd Mpino 
 Railway, from Boston, in \ hour. 
 
 
ALTON BAY — ASHLAND. 
 
 31 
 
 Irk to 
 
 lience 
 
 liver, 
 
 I by is 
 
 later- 
 
 3d t ' 
 
 jouis 
 Cin- 
 
 ting 
 rail 
 [the 
 778. 
 lino 
 
 Ann -Arbor {Michigan)— Seat of 
 "Wiishtenaw county ; population 
 (1880), 8,0()0. 
 
 llotch : Leonard House, St. James, 
 Cook's. 
 
 Situated on Ijoth sides of the 
 Huron River, it is the seat of the 
 Michigan VnicernHy. The latter 
 stands in a park of 4-H acres 
 planted thickly with trees. Fees, 
 almost nominal, and consequently 
 large numbers of booh male and 
 female students arc attracted, 
 T'n'rfrsift/ JIall, Ghserratory, large 
 Lihrarg and Micfnim, Union School, 
 and Hangstert^cr's Hall, worthy 
 of notice. Five mineral springs, 
 with a water cure establishment, 
 in the town. Opera JFouse, and 
 several fine churches. 
 
 Reached by Michigan Central 
 Railway, froni Detroit, in H hours. 
 
 Annapolis (Mnri/laixl). — Capital, 
 and Seat of Anne Arundel County ; 
 population (1880), 6,5(KX 
 
 Hotels : City, Maryland, Caroll. 
 
 Situated on the Chesapeake Bay, 
 at the mouth of the Severn. A naval 
 port, with packing and canning 
 fruits and fresh oyster business. 
 Seat of the U. S. Ifa'cal Academg and 
 Sf. John's College, Masonic Hall and 
 Agscmhlji Rooms. 
 
 Reached by Baltimore and Ohio 
 Railway, from Baltimore, in 1^ 
 hours. 
 
 Appalachicola(F^orit7a).— Popula- 
 
 tio!\ (ISSO), 1,100. 
 
 JTf'it'U : Southern. 
 
 \i:. (''^cay until recently, it is 
 b .:)<.r .ig to spring into new life 
 agai I. Ti is charmingly situated at 
 the enirance of the river of the same 
 name. Connected with Columbus, 
 Georgia, by steamers on the river. 
 Close byare '(InrKeys, Somewhat 
 taken up as a winter resort. 
 
 Reached by Florida Railway, from 
 Jacksonville, via Waldo, in 5 hours. 
 
 Appleton {Wisconsin), — Seat of 
 Outagamie County ; population 
 i:.S80), 8,100. 
 
 ^ fat els: "Waverley, Briggs. 
 
 Situated on the Lower Fox River, 
 it is a great manufacturing and 
 mercantile centre. Bertschy and 
 Turner Halls are worthv of notice. 
 
 Reached l)y Chicago, Milwaukee, 
 and St. Paul Raihviiy, to Milwaukee, 
 from Chicago, thence by :Mihvaukce 
 and Northern Railway, in 8^ hours. 
 
 Asheville (North Carolina).— Foim- 
 lation(1880),2,Gr>0. 
 
 Hotils : The Eagle, Swannanoa. 
 
 Built in the lovely vnlley of the 
 French Broad River, 2,250 feet above 
 the sea level, it commands one of the 
 finest mountiiin views in America. 
 Charming natural parks surround 
 the place, and within easy excui*- 
 sion distance some very grand 
 scenery may be enjoyed. The town 
 is very hnndsomely built, and 
 private residences, hotels, churches, 
 schools banks, &c., adorn it. 
 Several newspapers. Good hunting 
 and fishing. Indian ^founds, mines 
 and caves, are woithy of inspec- 
 tion. The White Sulphur Springs 
 and Million Springs are of interest. 
 If time, make an excursion down 
 French Broad River by rail. Lover's 
 Leap (35 miles), and' 11'arm Springs, 
 with an hotel in a beautiful 
 
 rove of trees. Mount Pisguh and 
 Mount ^ntchell will repay the 
 trouble of an ascent, as also Balsam 
 Range. Guides can be had at tho 
 hotels. 
 
 Reached by Western North Caro- 
 lina Railway, from Salisbury, in 8 
 hours. 
 
 jLah.lB,nd{Pennsj/lrania). — Schuylkill 
 County; population (1880), (i,ol4. 
 
 Hotels : Ashland, Union, Ameri- 
 can, Mansion, Loucust Mountains. 
 
 A thriving mercantile community, 
 with Opera House, Odd Fell oirs' Hall. 
 
 Reached by Lehigh Valley Rail- 
 way, from Shararokin, in 1 hour. 
 
 Ashland {Wisconsin). — County seat 
 of Ashland County; })opulation 
 (1880), 1,000. 
 
 Hotels : Chequamegon, Colby, 
 Russel. 
 
 The town is situated on Chequa- 
 megon Bay, Lake Superior, and is 
 rapidly increasing in extent and 
 commercial im])ortance, chiefly 
 manufactures and lumbering. 
 Large iron ore and lumber docks 
 are now ''"ing built. It is also 
 resorted to as a summer resort ; 
 
82 
 
 IJRADSHAW S UNITKD STATES. 
 
 there is an Op'^ra House and Theu- 
 ire C'lJitiiqiif. (.'entrc of four durer- 
 cnt lines of rnihvay. 
 
 Reached hy Wisconsin Central 
 Railwiiy, ciu Abbotsford, in IG 
 hours. 
 
 Astoria (Orrjo>i).— Connty scat of 
 Clatsop Count V ; poinilation (l8Si)), 
 C.oOO. 
 
 Hotels : Parker House, Occident. 
 
 Handsomely built at the mouth of 
 the ColonibiaRiver, its inha1)itauts 
 iiro laincipally occupied with sal- 
 mon canninj^-, lumbering, and ship- 
 Ijinjjf. There arc 19 salmon 
 canning? establishments, employing? 
 ns many as 3,500 hands in fishing 
 iind preservinsr. Has also sav 'jiilis 
 daily and weekly newspapei, 
 l)re\veries. Liberty Hall is woi 
 of notice. 
 
 Reached hy Oregon and California 
 Railway, from Alb.iny, in U-i hours. 
 
 Atchison {Ku m^a ») .—Cowniy seat of 
 Atchison County ; populationllSSO), 
 18,100. 
 
 Hotels : The New By ram. 
 
 Iff/ »Ari?rs; Atchison National Bank. 
 
 Medical: Dr. Campbell, Dr. Hol- 
 land. 
 
 Built quite recent"y,i; i < beautifully 
 situate'l on the rignt l)ank of the 
 Missouri. It is a very important 
 Railway centre, as many as 5)0 trains 
 running in audout daily. Has large 
 manufac airing interests in flour 
 mills, machine shops, engine works, 
 furniture and carriage worky, 12 
 churches, several l)anks, theatres, 
 l)ublic halls. A fine bridge across 
 the river connects the town with the 
 railways, terminating on the other 
 side. Trains run daily, with I'ull- 
 man car accommodation, to Pue))lo 
 and Mexico. 
 
 Roached by Atchison, Topeka, and 
 Santa ¥o Railway, from Topeka, 
 via Valley Falls, in 2 hours, 
 
 Athens (O.uo).— Seat of Bolpre 
 County ; i)r)pulation (1830), 5,000. 
 Holds : Commercial. 
 I'leasantly situated on the Hock- 
 ing River, it has a consideraV)lo and 
 rapidly increasing trade with the 
 
 surrounrling country. Seat of Ohio 
 Uiiiversifi/, founded 1801. Lunatic 
 Asi/liiin ; in the neighbourhood are 
 several Indian mounds. 
 
 Reached by Cinchmati, Washing- 
 ton, and Baltimore Railway, from 
 "Washington, in 3^ hours. 
 
 Athens {Ororgia). — County seat of 
 Clarke County; popuhition (1880), 
 nearly 7,CK>0. 
 
 Hotels : Newton House. 
 
 Built on the Oconee River, it is a 
 l)usy manufacturing and commer- 
 cial centre. Demfiree's Hall is 
 worthy of notice. In the vicinity 
 is Gainsville, with its mineral 
 springs, a favourite resort. 
 
 Reached by Georgia Railway 
 from Union Point, in 2 hours. 
 
 Athens (Pmnsi/Ivania). — Close to 
 Tinvauda; popiilation (1880), 1,600. 
 
 Hotels: Towanda, City. 
 
 A flourishing small community, 
 on the Sus(iuehanna and Chenning 
 Rivers. It stands on the site of 
 Diahoga, the important Indian 
 village, where the massacre of 
 Wyoming was perpetrated. Close 
 l)y is Spanish Hill, named from the 
 fact that old Spanish coins have 
 been found litre. 
 
 Reached l)y Lt^high Valley Rail- 
 way, from New York, in 15 hours. 
 
 Atlanta (G^^ov/VO.— Capital of the 
 State; 721 miles from Washington. 
 I'opulation (1880), about 50,000. 
 
 Hotels : Westminster, Kimball, 
 Mnrkham. 
 
 Bankers: Gate City 
 Bank. 
 
 Medical: Dr. R)Och, 
 
 strong. 
 
 The most important 
 town of Georgia, and 
 passed by Savannah as 
 centre. T1.3 agricultural, manu- 
 facturing and commercial interests 
 of the State are centred here. 
 
 Its rapid growth is owing to the 
 railways centring here, and the 
 activity and enterprise of its in- 
 habitants rejicmble those of a 
 Northern rather than a Southern 
 city. It is built in the form cf a 
 
 . V 
 
 National 
 Dr. Arm- 
 business 
 only sur- 
 a cotton 
 
ASTOKIA — AUnURN. 
 
 if Ohio 
 jiinutic 
 od are 
 
 isliins?- 
 -. from 
 
 seat of 
 (1880), 
 
 r, it is a 
 oninicr- 
 Uidl is 
 vicinity 
 mineral 
 
 Railway 
 
 fS. 
 
 Close to 
 0), 1,600. 
 
 itnunity, 
 
 ;hennin<? 
 
 LC site of 
 
 Indian 
 
 sacre of 
 
 Close 
 
 rom the 
 
 ns have 
 
 ley Eail- 
 
 liours. 
 
 il of the 
 hington. 
 000. 
 Kimball, 
 
 National 
 
 )r. Arm- 
 
 Hhusiness 
 
 ily sur- 
 
 cotton 
 
 manu- 
 
 liuterests 
 
 Ire. 
 
 Iii^ to the 
 land the 
 If its in- 
 ic of a 
 Bouthern 
 Irm of a 
 
 circle, having a diameter of about 
 three miles. It is picturesquely 
 situated upon hilly ground, 1,100 
 feet above the sea, and the Union 
 Passenger Station occupies the centre, 
 whence the streets radiate. State 
 House, City Hall, First Methodist 
 Church, Union Station, Opera House, 
 Custom House, County Courts, and 
 Chamber of Commeyc, are all objects 
 of interest. A Capitol is being 
 l)uilt at on erpeuse of about a 
 million dols., State library and 
 Young Men's Library. The memo- 
 rable siege of the town during the 
 Civil War attaches special interest 
 to Atlanta for the tourist. The vital 
 importance of its possession doomed 
 the Confederacj' when it was 
 captured by Sherman on Sept. 2, 
 1881. Shortly before surrendering it 
 was reduced almost entirely to 
 ashes l)y Gen. Hood. Close by is 
 Gainsvilie, with mineral springs. 
 
 Reached bj^ Georgia Railway, from 
 Augusta, via Union Point, in 7^ 
 hours. 
 
 Atlantic City (yew JersM/).—Seat 
 of Atlantic County ; population 
 (1880), 6,000. 
 
 Hotels: United States, Surf House, 
 Congress Hall, Brighton, Seaside, 
 Chalfonte. Prices at these vary 
 from 2i dols. to 4 dols. Senate, 
 "Waverley, Ocean, Ruscombe, Dennis 
 Cottage, and Fothergill's, witli 
 prices from 10 dols. to 20 dols. per 
 week. 
 
 A favourite resort of Philadel- 
 phians, but all parts of the States 
 arc represented during the sea- 
 bathing season. It is mainly 
 situated on an island. Its beach 
 is safe and one of the best on the 
 whole coast. Principal bathing 
 hour 11 a.m. Good boating, hunt- 
 ing, and fishing can be had. It is a 
 fashionable resort. Bameijat, Ware- 
 town, West Creel', and Tuckerton, are 
 the famous hunting grounds. Bri- 
 gantine Beach, a little north of the 
 town, is celebrated for its numerous 
 shipwrecks, and called by sailors 
 the "graveyard." Long Beach is 
 also near by. The place can accom- 
 modate over 40,000 visitors. 
 
 Reached by Camden and Atlantic 
 Railway, from Philadelphia, in 2\ 
 hours. 
 
 Attleboro (Massachusetts) . — Bristol 
 Coimty ; population (1880), 11,500. 
 
 Hotels : Ryder House. 
 
 Built on both banks of the Mill 
 River, it is chiefly a manufacturing 
 town, especially for jewellery. The 
 Union Hall can accommodate 700 
 ])cople. 
 
 Reached by Boston and Provi- 
 dence Railway, from Boston, in 
 1^ hours. 
 
 Auburn (Kew I ort).— Capital of 
 Cayuga County ; population (1880), 
 22,000. 
 
 Hotels : Gaylord House, Osborne, 
 National. 
 
 Situated 2^ miles from Owasco 
 Lake, the outlet of which i)nssea 
 through the town. The town is 
 pleasantly laid out, almost all 
 streets having rows of trees, 
 Genesee street being the principal 
 thoroughfare. It is interested 
 chiefly in manufacturing and 
 commercial pursuits, and contains 
 some fine buildings. The County 
 Court House, St. Peter's, St. Mary's, 
 and First Presbyterian Church, 
 Zoological Seminary and Auburn 
 Prison are worthy an inspection, 
 the latter covering over 18 acres of 
 ground and being surrounded by a 
 stone wall 30 feet high. W. H. 
 Seward resided here for a great 
 many years, and is buried in the 
 cemetery on Ford Hill. Owasco 
 Lake, a favorite summer resort, 
 is 11 miles long and about one wide, 
 surrounded by steep hills. There 
 is a small steamer plying in 
 summer. Cayugi Lake is 38 miles 
 distant. 
 
 Reached by New York Central 
 and Hudson River Railway, from 
 Syracuse, via, Marcellus, in 1 hour. 
 
 Auburn (Jfrtiwt-).— Seat of Andro- 
 scoggin County ; population (1880), 
 9,600. 
 
 Hotels: LakeAubum, Elm.Maine. 
 
 Situated on the Androscoggin 
 River, and chiefly occupied in manu- 
 factures. The Union Hall has seats 
 for 700 people. 
 
 Reached by Maine Central Rail- 
 way, from Portland, vid Danville, 
 in 2 hours. 
 
M 
 
 r.RADSH/. .V S UNITED .STATKS. 
 
 Augusta (3/<t;«f).— Capital of State 
 and seat of Kennebec County ; pop- 
 ulation (18S0), 9,000. 
 
 Hotels: Cony, Augusta, North. 
 
 Situated on the Kennebec River, 
 45 miles above its mouth. Its site 
 is beautiful ; the town is well 
 built, and has abundance of shady 
 trees and shrubs. Sfate IIousp, Couk 
 Ilonse, I'lxftne AHtflnin, Kcnnehcc 
 Arsenal are all worthy of notice. 
 Half a mileabov-c the city is the dam 
 across the Kennebec, 58 i feet lonjr, 
 furnishing immense water power. 
 It is a mercantile and manufactur- 
 ing centre. 
 
 Reached hy Maine Central Rail- 
 waw, from Portland, vUi Brunswick, 
 in 2\ hours. 
 
 Augusta (6rfo>*7ia).— Seatof Rich^ 
 mond County; population (1880), 
 32,000. 
 
 Hotels : Augusta, Planters, Globe, 
 Central. 
 
 Situated on the Savannah River, 
 t is chiefly a commercial and 
 manufacturing town, cotton trade 
 being its chief staple. The streets 
 cross each other at right angles, 
 which are all broad, while some have 
 fine avenues of trees. Broad-street, 
 two miles long and 165 feet wide, is 
 the principal one. On it ai'e the 
 chief hotels, banks, and shops, 
 and in the centre is the Confederate 
 Monument, the finest in the South. 
 Greene-street is the most beautifully 
 planted street, and is 168 feet wide, 
 with handsome residential man- 
 sions. Citi/ Hall, Masonic Hall, Odd 
 FclloKs' Hall, and Opera House are 
 worthy of an inspection. The 
 Augusta Canal supplies the town 
 and the manufactories with water 
 from the Upper Savannah River 
 and is nine miles long. C'ltif 
 Cemetery and Fair Grounds (47 acres) 
 afford most agreeable walks and 
 drives. Summeryille, reached by 
 horse cars, is the suV)urban villegia- 
 tm-a of Augusta, and a fine view is 
 obtained thence of town and sur- 
 rounding country. There is an 
 Arsenal and Workshops. Across the 
 river is Hamburg, with Schultz 
 Hill, a celebrated picnic ground. 
 
 Reached by Central Georgia Rail- 
 way, from Savannah, via Millen, in 6 
 hours. 
 
 Aurora (////»o/«).— Kane County 
 population (1880), 12,000. 
 
 Hotels : lYQvaoxit, Fitch, Empire, 
 Evans, Huntoon's. 
 
 Situated on both banks of the Fox 
 River, whose waters are employed 
 as driving power in its manuifac- 
 toi-ies. The Burlington and Quincy 
 Car Manufactory employs some 
 700 men. It has Electro-plate and 
 other manufactories ; and some fine 
 buildings, amongst which are the 
 City Hull, 14 churches, a Colleyi, 
 and Opera House. 
 
 Reached by Chicago and Town 
 Railway, from Chicago, in \\ hours. 
 
 Aurora ( Indiana ). — Population 
 (1880), 5,000. 
 
 Hotels : Eagle, Indiana. 
 
 Situated on the Ohio River, it is 
 a large trading centre for the sur- 
 rounding farming country, of which 
 it is the shipping port. 
 
 Reached by Ohio and Mississippi 
 Railway, from Cincinnati, in 1 hour, 
 
 Ausable Chasm (New York).— In 
 the Adirondacks and near the 
 village of Port Kent. 
 
 Hotels : Lake View House. 
 
 Keeseville National 
 
 Bankers i 
 Bank. 
 
 Medical : Dr. Pope, Dr. Talmadgc, 
 Dr. Barber. 
 
 This is a gorge lormed by pro- 
 jecting hills into'the Ausable River. 
 At its narrowest the bed is only 
 fi'om six to eight feet wide. A 
 little further down, it widens to 
 about 50 feet, the rocks fall perpen- 
 dicularly into the river from about 
 100 feet high. It is almost two 
 miles long, and has branches 
 running at right angles into 
 fissures of striking and beauti- 
 ful scenery. Stairways, walks and 
 galleries lead to the principal points 
 of interest ; boats, constructed ex- 
 pressly, conduct visitors through the 
 entire chasm. Half-a-dollar is the 
 fee to view the chasm, including 
 boat from Table Rock to the Pool. 
 An additional 50 cts. is levied to 
 boat from the Pool over the Rapids. 
 
 Reached from Port Kent by stages 
 (Smiles). 
 
 I 
 
AUGUSTA — r.ALTIMOni: 
 
 County 
 
 , Empire, 
 
 Df the Fox 
 employed 
 manufac- 
 nd Quincy 
 )ys some 
 •plate mid 
 some fine 
 h ai'C the 
 a Coll op ', 
 
 find Iowa 
 \\\ hours. 
 
 Population 
 
 i?iver, it is 
 or the sur- 
 y, of which 
 
 Mississippi 
 i, in 1 hour. 
 
 YorTc).—ln 
 near the 
 
 ise. 
 National 
 
 Talmad^c, 
 
 id 
 
 d by pro- 
 ible River. 
 is only 
 wide. A 
 widens to 
 ill perpen- 
 rom about 
 most two 
 branches 
 •les into 
 d beauti- 
 walks and 
 pal points 
 cted ex- 
 ough the 
 lar is the 
 includinf? 
 the Pool, 
 levied to 
 e Rapids, 
 by stages 
 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 Austin (r<'T-».v).— Capital of State, 
 and seat of Travis County; popula- 
 tion (HS0),12,(H)(); 
 
 Il'}f-'!.i: Avonue, Citj", Raymond 
 Brunswick, 8 I'.ithfrn. 
 
 Built upon the north bank of the 
 Colorado River, 160 miles from its 
 mouth, iL is a very pretty place in 
 a beautiful situation on an amphi- 
 theatre of hills, overlooking the 
 valley a!id prairie-s bej'ond. The 
 public ltuildini?a arc all constructed 
 of a wliito lime-stone, resembling 
 marble. Principally engaged in 
 commort'ial and agricultural (cot- 
 ton) intere.st.s. Capitol Square^ 20 
 acres of ground ou a gentle hill, 
 with Capitol ou top. Sitpreme 
 Court, Trciisury onl Gmiernl Land 
 Office, are situated here. Connti/ 
 Prison, Deaf and Dumb, Blind, and 
 Lnn'tfic Ai<i/hims, Coxinty Courts &xi(\. 
 Miirket lEoHSP with municipal offices 
 on se'T'Oi'.d floor, are all noteworthy. 
 A bridge 9i><) feet long spans the 
 Colorado River at Austin. The 
 river is navigable by steamboats in 
 winter up to the town. North of 
 the Capitol an artesian well has 
 been sunk to the depth of 1,300 
 feet, whence flows a small stream. 
 
 Reached by Houston and Texas 
 Central Railway, from Burton, in 7 
 hours. 
 
 Avon {New York). —Near Rochester; 
 population (18S0), 1,700. 
 
 IloteU at the Springs : Knicker- 
 bocker Hall, Congress Hall, Sana- 
 torium. 
 
 Only noted for its saline, sulphur- 
 ous springs, which are very much 
 visiteil in summer, as a cure for 
 rheumatism, indigestion, and cu- 
 taneous diseases. The waters are 
 used internally and externally. 
 There are three springs. 
 
 Reached by Buffalo, New York, 
 and Philadelphia Railway, from 
 Pittsburg, via Oil City, in 22 hours. 
 
 Ballston, or Ballston Spa {New 
 I'orA-) .—County seat of Saratoga 
 County; population (1880), about 
 5,000. * 
 
 Hotels : Ballston, Sanssoucis, 
 Medberj''s, American, Milton,Eagle, 
 Commercial. 
 
 This formerly fashionable and 
 still frequented resort was noted for 
 
 its mineral sprini^s, but is now 
 altogether superseded by Saratoga. 
 It is now chiefly engaged in manu- 
 facturing pursuits, of which the 
 paper mills are the prir.cipal. 
 
 Reached by Delaware and Hud- 
 son Canal Railway, from Saratoga, 
 in i hour 
 
 Baltimore {Mitriihind),—C\\\ci City 
 of the State, and one of the principal 
 ports of entry of North America ; 
 population (l^SO), 333,000. 
 
 Hotels: Maltby, Barnuni's City, 
 Eutaw, Carrollton, *Mi>iint Vernon, 
 *St. James, Guy's ; all charge from 
 2^ dols. to 4 dols. including every- 
 thing. There areanur^berof Board- 
 iiif/ itoHses which charge from dols. 
 to 12 dols. per week. 
 
 Restaurants : Pepper's, Painter's 
 Guy's Hotel, Maltby House. 
 
 Conveyance : Tramways and omni- 
 buses charge 5 cts., and run every- 
 where. Two and four-wheeled 
 hackneys at the stations and dif- 
 ferent points in the town. Tariff 
 is posted inside of all, and in case of 
 disi)ute, apply to police. Price per 
 course (from boat or station) 75 cts. 
 for one person ; each additional 25 
 cts. ; each trunk or package 15 cts. ; 
 per hour 1^ dols., and each addi- 
 tional hour 1 dol. ; omnibus runs, 
 to all the suburbs and outlying 
 places dailj'. 
 
 Railway Stations: The Philadel- 
 phia, Wilmington and Baltimore 
 Railways in President-street ; the 
 Northern Central Railway and Bal- 
 timore and Potomac in comer Cal- 
 vert-street and Franklin-street ; the 
 Baltimore and Ohio Railway in 
 Camden-street ; Western Maryland, 
 corner Hillen and Exeter streets; 
 and Maryland Central Railway, 
 corner North-avenue a ad Oak- 
 avenue. 
 
 Theafresand Entertainments : Grand 
 Opera House, Halliday - street 
 Theatre ; Front-street Theatre, Aca- 
 demy of Music, Concordia Opera 
 House, Monumental, Masonic Tem- 
 ple, Peabody Institute and Assembly 
 Rooms. 
 
 Race Course is at Pimlico, outside 
 the town, 2 miles N,W. 
 
 Reading Rooms: Peabody Insti- 
 tute, Mercantile Library, Maryland 
 
 n2 
 
ae 
 
 BllADSHAW S UNITKIJ STATES. 
 
 i' 'I 
 
 Institute, Baltimore Library and 
 Young Men's Christian Associa- 
 tion. 
 
 Mufeuma: The Maryland Academy 
 of Art (opposite the Cathedral)— 
 introduction through a member, 
 reabody Institute ; Athenauim, 
 Myers and Hedian, 46, N. Charles- 
 street. W. T. Wiilterw' Private 
 Museum in ]Mount Vemon-place, 
 No. 65, is one of the richest in Ame- 
 rica and admission may bo obtained 
 by writiug to the owner and enclos- 
 ing card. 
 
 Clubg : The Union, City. 
 
 Foxf and Tehnraph ; In the Ex- 
 change Buildings in Gay-strcct. 
 Open from 8 a.m. to 11 p.m. 
 
 English Consul : D. Donohoc, 
 Consul. 
 
 Bankers : Bank of Baltimore. 
 
 T. C. Green, Dr. 
 Agent)* 
 
 Medical : Dr. 
 Griggs. 
 
 Ticket and Excursion 
 Thomas Cook & Son, 87, Second 
 street. 
 
 Baltimore, now the sixth city in 
 population in the States, is pic- 
 turesquely situated on the North 
 side of the Patapsco river, 14 miles 
 from the entrance into Chesapeake 
 Bay, and 200 miles from the sea. It 
 is situated on undulating ground, 
 well laid out, covering almost 12 
 square miles, all is thickly covered 
 with buildings. Apart from its 
 commercial importance, its hand- 
 some park and a few monuments, 
 it has little of attraction for the 
 tourist. Jones' Falls divide the 
 city in two equal parts. The 
 harbour is capacious and safe, con- 
 sisting of an inner (for small craft) 
 and an outer basin (for large ones). 
 Baltimore-street is the chief tho- 
 roughfare. North Charles-street, 
 Mount Vernon-plaee and Braodway 
 are the most attractive and fashion- 
 able promenades. Favourite drives 
 Bxeihroxigh Druid Hill Park to Lake 
 Roland (6 miles), to Govanstoint (4 
 miles), and to Franklin (5 miles). 
 
 Baltimore was founded in 1729 by 
 Lord Baltimore, whose name it 
 bears. The first pavement was laid 
 in 1782, and at the same time the 
 first diligence ran to Philadelphia. 
 The chief trade is shipping, and in 
 grain shipments it runs New York 
 very close. Its industry and manu- 
 
 factures embrace smelting and 
 iron works, rolling miliH, nail and 
 locomotive works, and cottnn mills 
 (2,300 in all). The preserved fruit, 
 vegetables, and oysters form staple 
 products, and are sent out in enor- 
 mous quantities. Its tanning 
 works are likewise very impf)rtant. 
 Baltimore is also callc(l the "monu- 
 mental city," from its numerous 
 monuments. They may thus be 
 enumerated : First, the nafhingfon 
 3Ionunient is the most important. 
 It stands 210 feet high, and is in the 
 form of a Doric column, built of 
 brick, with a casing of white 
 marble, and has the statue of Wash- 
 ington (16 feot) o:x top. There is a 
 fine view from balcony. It stands 
 on Mount Vernon and Washington 
 Places. Battle Monnment^in Monu- 
 ment-square, is in memory of 
 soldiers who fell in September, 1814, 
 against the British forces. The 
 Wildey, Wells, McComus, and Foe 
 monuments are only of local inter- 
 est, though worthy an inspection. 
 The principal buiidiiigs are Court 
 House, Exchange, Maryland Institute 
 (promotion of mechanic arte), and 
 I'eahndy Institute, with free library of 
 60,(X)0 volumes. The highest class 
 instruction is given here in music, 
 literature and art. Mount Vernon 
 Church and First Freshyterian are the 
 most noteworthy churches. The City 
 Hall, Stock Exchange, Netv Corn una 
 Flour Exchanqe, Jiialfo Buildings^ 
 Masonic Temple, Odd Fellows' Hall, 
 American Insurance Buildings, Sun 
 and Merchant's Shot Tower, are all 
 fine buildings. The Cathedral on 
 Cathedral-street is of gi-anite, and 
 very fine, and the Unitarian is 
 equally imposing. The John Hop- 
 kins University (endowed by John 
 Hopkins, a prominent citizen, with 
 3,000,000 dols.) on corner of Druid- 
 hill and Howard-avenue, and the 
 John Hopkins Hospital on Broadway, 
 rank amongst the finest in America. 
 The Atheneeum, with libraries and 
 picture galleries, in St. Paul's-strcet, 
 the Academy of Sciences in Mulberry- 
 street, State Normal School, and City 
 College, form, with the Maryland 
 Institute and Peabody Institute, the 
 chief educational establishments in 
 the city. 
 
 The State Inaane Hospital (near 
 Catons ville, six miles from the town) , 
 the Hospital for Instruction cf the 
 
 
 i! 
 
I 
 
 n.V:, riMOUH— I5ATH. 
 
 •>7 
 
 inpr and 
 nail and 
 Um milla 
 ed fruit, 
 •m staple 
 in cnor- 
 tanning 
 iportant. 
 c*'monu- 
 lumcrous 
 thus be 
 \ii>hitigtoH 
 1 porta nt. 
 I is in the 
 l)uilt of 
 )f white 
 of Wash- 
 riierc is a 
 It stands 
 Lshington 
 in Monu- 
 mory of 
 ibcr, 1814, 
 cs. The 
 and Foe 
 ical intcr- 
 ispcction. 
 iro Court 
 \ ItifUtttte 
 irtc), and 
 library of 
 jest class 
 in music, 
 Vernon 
 n are the 
 The City 
 Corn and 
 3uildi»qg, 
 vs' Hull, 
 uff». Sun 
 are all 
 cdral on 
 lite, and 
 arian is 
 ■)hn Hop- 
 y John 
 en, with 
 f Druid- 
 nd the 
 adway, 
 m erica, 
 es and 
 5-strcet, 
 Iberry- 
 nd City 
 ryland 
 3, the 
 ents in 
 
 (near 
 
 stown), 
 
 of the 
 
 n 
 
 Blind, Mdunt Hope llosf'.fn!, Man/- 
 liind Jl'jgp'titl lor Iiisa!i(?, Kpincoiiid 
 Chiircli J£omr, liujj ]'iiw Aki/Iuiii, 
 Sheppiu'd AnijliDii (scvon niilos from 
 town), and Mor.nt lli.i)e retreat 
 (four mile-;), are the principal 
 charitable institutes of the town. 
 
 Di'tiid Hill Fin'k- ((5^0 acres), and 
 Patterson Park (70 acres), with 
 several s(iuarcs, are the chief recrea- 
 tion grounds. The former is very 
 be.iutifiilh' laid out, and a fine view is 
 to be had from the tower at the head 
 of the lake. It is the best wooded, 
 and the trees are amoii^ the finest 
 in any park in America. From the 
 Restaurant in Druid-hill-park some 
 line views are obtained, and near 
 by are a few zoolopriciil specimens, 
 and the fish-hatching house of the 
 Fisheries Commission. London Park 
 Cemetery, Greenmonut Cemefery, and 
 Zorndne Cemetery have many very 
 fine monuments, and, like all ceme- 
 teries in the States, are beautifully 
 laid out. 
 
 On the Race Course (about 2 
 miles from the town) i-aces take 
 place in Spring and Autumn. 
 Federal Hill, purcliAsed by the town 
 for a public park. Fori MoHenry, and 
 the railw'iy tiinneh in the vicinity, 
 are well worth an inspection. 
 
 Reaciied by Baltimore and Ohio 
 Railway, from New York, in 7 
 hours. 
 
 Sangor {Maine). — Seat of Penobscot 
 County J population (IShO), 16,850. 
 
 Hotels : Bangor Exchange, Bangor, 
 American, Franklin, Penobscot, Ex- 
 • change. 
 
 Merchants Bank. 
 Dr. A. E. llamlin, 
 
 Dr. 
 
 Bankers. 
 
 Medical , 
 
 T. U. Coe. 
 
 Bangor is the second city of Maine, 
 and as a lumber market is one of 
 the first in the world. It is on 
 Penobscot River, CO miles from the 
 the sea, very solidly and hand- 
 somely built, and very wealthy for 
 its size. Shipbuilding, slate quar- 
 ries, and the ice trade employ a 
 great many hands. 
 
 The Granite Custom Hrnse, Bangor 
 Theological Seminary, Nocembega 
 Hall and Post Office are handsome 
 edifices ; the New Opera House is one 
 of the finest in Neiv England. A dam 
 across Penobscot River furnishes 
 
 the j)owor necessary for the Tuills in 
 the town ; 10 niilos north of Manirtir 
 is Glenbnrn, on Pushaw Lake, 
 notcfl for good lishitig. Steamers 
 run between Bangor, Portland, and 
 Boston three times a week. 
 
 Reached hy Boston and Elaine 
 Railway, from Boston, via Portland, 
 in 10 hours. 
 
 Bar Harbour (3f(//^;r^.— On Mount 
 l)es>,Mt Island, S.K.of Bangor ; itoi)U- 
 lation (ISSO), «)50. 
 
 Jl'ihln: Rodick, Grand Central, 
 AVest End, Atlantic, Kockaway, 
 Hotel des lies, Deeiing, New])ort, 
 Lyman, Ocean, Lookout, Sr. Sau- 
 veur, belmoiil ; i)rices fromsdols.to 
 23 dols. per week. 
 
 Bankers: C. C. Barrill. 
 
 Medical : Dr. ri. Langton, Dr. E. F. 
 Sanger. 
 
 Pleasantly situated on the east 
 shore of tiie island ; it takes its 
 name from a sandy bar which con- 
 nects it with the largest of the Por- 
 cui)ine Islands, which lie exiictly 
 opposite. It is known among the 
 locality as East Eden. The. 
 scenery of the neighbourhood being 
 pleasant, it is the centre of excur- 
 sions into the interior of the island. 
 Eagle Lake, G rcen Mountain, Ktbo, 
 Mount Nfwporf, Via Mala, Oicens, 
 Schooner Head, Great Head^, Spouting 
 House, Thunder Cave, Otter Creek 
 Cliffs,(h'om.v:c\V& Cove, and Jordan's 
 Lake are all equally interesting 
 points for excursions. Somes' Sound 
 divides the lower portion of the 
 island, and South- West Harbour and 
 Somesville are situated here. Dog 
 Mountain with F.agle Cliff, Fernald's 
 Point, the Sounds, have good fishing, 
 and boating is one of the chief 
 pastimes. 
 
 Reached by Boston and Maine 
 Raihvaw, from Boston, via Portland, 
 in 17 hours. 
 
 Bath (3fa!«e).— Seat of Sagadahoc 
 County; population (1880), about 
 12,000. 
 
 Hotels: Sagadahoc, Columbian, 
 Bath, Sherman, Central, Commer- 
 cial. 
 
 Situated on the Kennebee River, 12 
 miles from the sea, but little of in- 
 terest to the tourist in the town. 
 
38 
 
 IJRADSIIAW 8 UNITED STATKS. 
 
 .; ! 
 
 Principally occupied in shipbuiUl- 
 iiif,', and tiierc are some largo nhoe 
 manufiictories. Columbian, City 
 and Music Halls arc the principal 
 buildings. 
 
 Reached by Boston and Maine 
 [{iiihvny, from Boston, i"/(i Portland, 
 ill ii\ hours. 
 
 Baton Rouge. — Former Cai)ital of 
 Louisiana; population (1880), 8,000. 
 
 Hoteh : City, Commercial. 
 
 Pleasantly situated on the last 
 elevation met with on descending 
 the Mississippi, and about K) feet 
 above the highest level of the river. 
 The buildings are all of French and 
 Spanish appearance and architect- 
 ure, and the aspect of the town from 
 the riv^er is very curious and fairy- 
 like. Tlie principal buildings are 
 Dcrif, Dumb, and Blind Institute, State 
 Prinon, and Arsenal. The banks of the 
 Mississippi from this town to New 
 Orleans are like a garden, every 
 available space having been brought 
 iinder high cultivation. 
 
 Reached by Louisville, New Or- 
 leans and Texas RaiUvay, or 
 steamer from New Orlears, in i 
 hours. 
 
 Batavia (Illinois). -Kane County; 
 population (ISSD), &.000. 
 
 Hotels : Revere, Tolman. 
 
 A manufacturing town on the Fox 
 River, with little of interest except 
 the Music Hall. 
 
 Reached by Chicago, Burlington 
 and Quincy Railway, from Chicago, 
 in 11 hours. 
 
 Batavia {New Tork). — Seat of Gene- 
 see County ; population (1880), 7,500. 
 
 Hotels: Washburn, St. James, 
 Hooper Park, Genesee, Ellicott. 
 
 Situated on the Tonawanda Creek, 
 it is handsomely laid out in large 
 broad streets, beautifully shaded. 
 The Institution of the Jilind and 
 •Cotmty Court House are handsome 
 buildings. Occupied in commei'cial, 
 agricultural, and manufacturing 
 pursuits. 
 
 Reached by New York, Central 
 and Hudson River Railway, from 
 New York, »fa Rochester, in 11 
 hours. 
 
 Battle Creek (3/»cAf>w).— Calhoun 
 County; population (1880), 8,000. 
 
 Hotels : "Williams, Lewis. 
 
 A manufacturing town situated 
 on the confluence of Battle Creek 
 and Kalamazoo Rivers. Has very 
 fine water power to drive its mills. 
 There is a large and complete 
 Sanatorium in the suburbs. Also 
 machine shops of ('hicago and 
 Grand Trunk Railways. Opera 
 House and Centennial Hall are the 
 only noteworthy buildings. 
 
 Reached by Chicago and Grand 
 Trunk Railway, from Chicago, via 
 Valparaiso, in 7 hours. 
 
 Bay City (iT/'i(«;/!.-7fl»)-— Seat of Bay 
 County ; population (1880), 30,000. 
 
 Hotels : Campbell, Frazier. 
 
 Finely situated on Saginaw River, 
 4 miles from head of Saginaw Bay, 
 in Lake Huron, opposite West Bay 
 City, with which it is connected by 
 a Ijridge. It is chiefly occupied in 
 Qshi.ng, in which ))usiness it comes 
 second onl^ to Newfoundland. 
 Salt and timber are staple in- 
 dustries. There is an Opera House. 
 
 Reached by Michigan Central 
 Raibvaj', from Jackson, via 
 Saginaw, in 5 hours. 
 
 Bay St. JjOMia (Mississippi).— Seoit 
 of Hancock County; population 
 (1880), 1,978, fixed, but in season 
 some 8,000. 
 
 Hotels : The Crescent. 
 
 A summer and winter watering 
 place on Bay St. Louis, on the Gulf 
 of Mexico, with 9 miles of macadam- 
 ized road along the beach for driv- 
 ing. Very fashionable. 
 
 Reached by Louisville and Nash- 
 ville Railway, from Mobi'e, in 3 
 hours. 
 
 Beaumont {Texas). — Population 
 (1880), 2,000. • 
 
 Hotels : The Beaumont. 
 
 Charmingly situated on the 
 Neches River, is only noteworthy 
 for its saw mills. It is the centre of a 
 large timber trade. 
 
 Reached by Galveston, Harris- 
 burg and San Antonio Railway, 
 from New Orleans, in 12 hours. 
 
lUTON U0U(;E — liLLLLVlLLK. 
 
 tit' 
 
 via 
 
 Itering 
 
 Ic Gulf 
 
 ladam- 
 
 driv- 
 
 iNash- 
 in 3 
 
 latiou 
 
 the 
 lorthy 
 re of a 
 
 irris- 
 ^way, 
 
 Bedford {Peinisi/Iriniut). — Xcnr 
 II)mting(]ou ; popiilation (l8««t), 
 2,011. 
 
 JLifeh: Sprincfs Hotel, at the 
 Springs. 
 
 Only noteworthy for the saline- 
 chalybeate waters, li miles from 
 Bedford. They are charmingly 
 situated in a picturesque glen at a 
 great altitude. The climate in sum- 
 mer is delightful. It has long 
 l)ecn a favourite resort for a 
 great number of pleasure seekers 
 - and invalids. The waters are re- 
 ported good in dyspepsia, diabetes, 
 mcipient consumption, and skin 
 diseases. 
 
 Reached by Pennsylvania Rail- 
 way, from Philadelphia, in 8^ 
 hours. 
 
 Belfast (3/«f/w^). — Seat of Waddo 
 County; population (1880), 5,303. 
 
 Hoteh: .\merican. Phoenix, New 
 England. 
 
 Bankers: Belfast National Bank. 
 
 Medical ; Dr. J. G. Brooks. 
 
 A prosperous maritime port on 
 Penobscot Bay. Has some shii) 
 building, and otherwise little of 
 interest. Hay ford Hall is the only 
 building of any note. 
 
 Reached by Boston and Maine 
 Railway, from Boston, via Port- 
 land, in 11 hours. 
 
 Bellaire (0/ao).— Belmont County; 
 population (1880), 8,000. 
 
 Hoteh: Globe, Belmont, Ameri- 
 can, National. 
 
 Pleasantly situated on the Ohio 
 River, 4i miles below Wheeling ; it 
 has only manufacturing and agri- 
 cultural interests, and little to 
 attract the tourist. 
 
 Reached by Baltimore and Ohio 
 Railway, from Chicago, via New- 
 ark, in 15 hours. 
 
 Bellefountaine (OAio).— Seat of 
 Logan County; population (1880), 
 4,400. 
 
 Hoteh: Metropolitan, Logan, 
 Station. 
 
 This is a flourishing town, with 
 large commercial interests, being 
 surrounded by a populous and pro- 
 
 ductive agricultural orjuntry. It 
 derives its name fimn the ma'n.v Wuv 
 springs in the vicinity. Severn 1 
 factories and the cotinty buildiii^.'-s 
 are the chief objects of attraction f" r 
 the tourist. 
 
 Reached l)y Cleveland, Colunilius, 
 Cincinnati and In(liunai)olis Rail- 
 way, from Clevolaiul, in SJ hours. 
 
 Beloit (Wiscou)*\n).—V\OCk Counfv: 
 population (18H0), 5,000. 
 
 Hotels : Salisbury, Goodwin, d in- 
 mercial. 
 
 This thriving town is situated on 
 the Rock River, and in the midst of 
 a very extensive j)lain, on a rise <tf 
 50 to 00 feet. Very tine and l)roa<l 
 sha^' .' streets, andsojne noteworthy 
 churches. First Congregational is 
 one of the handsomest. The College, 
 founded in 1847, is another interest- 
 ing building, and is much fre- 
 quented. Has abundant water 
 power, and factories of woollen 
 goods, carriages, scales, flour mills, 
 etc. 
 
 Reached b.y Chicago, Milwaukee 
 and St. Paul Railway, from 
 Chicago, via La Crosse and Sioux 
 City, in 32 hours. 
 
 Belleville (iVi??(' Jersey). ~Yj^m\ 
 County; population (1880), 3,000. 
 
 Hotel : Mansion House. 
 
 A manufacturing centre, engaged 
 chiefly in indiarul)ber, wire and 
 copper produce. Ter^perance and 
 Passaic Halls arc the largest places 
 of resort. 
 
 Reached by Delaware, Lacka- 
 wanna and Western Railway, from 
 New York, via Mountain View, in 
 1| hours. 
 
 ! Belleville (///i«oi«).— Seat of St. 
 ' Clair County; population (1880), 
 i 10,682. " 
 
 I Hotels: National, Belleville, 
 I Thomas', Hinckley, Aberer,Tieman. 
 
 This busy community is situated 
 on Richland Creek, and has its chief 
 interests in manufacturing and 
 agricultural pursuits. Beyond the 
 Academy of Music, little of note. 
 
 Reached by Louisville and Nash- 
 ville Railway, from St. Louis, in 1 
 hour. 
 
40 
 
 IJKADSHAW S L'MTKD STATKS. 
 
 li 
 
 tl 
 
 il 
 
 Bellville i Tpsi i x). — Hctxt of Auhtiu 
 C'Diiiity ; population (lHH(»), 0(X). 
 
 lloteh: Citj", IlarliifF, Maiiiiiii.i,'. 
 
 A Hniall ineroaiitilo coinmuiiity, 
 but risiutr rapidly. 
 
 Heat'liL'tl hy Houwton and Texas 
 Uaihvay, from Hempstead, ivm Aus- 
 tin in 7i hours. 
 
 Bellows Falls (Vfirmnni).—^^ the 
 White Mountain District ; popula- 
 tion (HS()),3,7Wi. 
 
 Jloftln: Island House, Town's. 
 
 A well-frei|ucnted summer resort, 
 pleasantly situated and laid out. 
 The Falls are about half-a-niile 
 from the vilhiire and ni*e best seen 
 from the bridjre. They forma series 
 of rapids in the Connecticut River 
 for about a mile alon^ the base of 
 Moitiit Kilbiirn on the New Hamp- 
 shire side. Close by are the Abend- 
 rjniti S]iri>if/M, 
 
 Reached by Central, Vermont 
 and New London Northern Railway, 
 from New York, cui J3rattleboro, in* 9 
 hours. 
 
 Belvidere {Neir Jersey) .—On the 
 Delaware ; popalation (1880), 2,5(X>, 
 IJoteh : American House. 
 
 A ])retty village, built on both 
 banks of the request Creek on its 
 omptyint? into the Delaware. It has 
 considerable manufacturing? inter- 
 ests, due to its fine water power. 
 
 Reached l)y Lehigh and Hudson 
 River Railway, from Greycourt, in 
 10. i hours. 
 
 Benicia {California). — Solano 
 County near Sacramento ; popula- 
 tion (1880), 1,8(H). 
 
 Hotels : Benicia. 
 
 Once the C'apital of the State. 
 Made very important progress dur- 
 ing the last five years. Its situation 
 is very advantageous on the north 
 side of the Straits of Carquinez. 
 Factories for agricultural imple- 
 ments, tanneries, &c., form, besides 
 shipping, the principal occupation 
 of the inhaliitants. The largest sea- 
 going ships can load and unload 
 here. Two Female Seminarieg and 
 one College. Arsenal of the States, 
 and large machine shops of the 
 Pacific Mail Company. 
 
 Reached by Central Pacific Rail- 
 way,from San Fi*ancisco, in 2 hours. 
 
 Bennington {Vmnoii/)- -llonning- 
 ton County ; populati(»n (l880),0,l()0. 
 
 Jloftls : Stark, (Jate's, Putnam, 
 Kim Tree. 
 
 Situated in a charming valley, 
 800 feet above the level of the sea, 
 handsomely and substantially built, 
 and consi(lered one of the ])'rettiest 
 towns in th(> State. Exten.sivc 
 cotton mills and hosiery mauufac- 
 tories. JirtnihitjfoH Cnifrr, one mile 
 distant, is the i'cvolutionary village 
 (Catamount Tavern burnt in 1871). 
 Jloostic, an adjoining township, was 
 the scene of the Itattlc of Renning- 
 ton in 1777. Excursions to Minoit 
 Anfhoni/, Mount Proxftrcl, l'c(ertibi<ri/, 
 'find Jiii/ Pond; Lrhanon Springs nvo 
 also close b.y. 
 
 Reached by Bennington and Rut- 
 land Railway, from ]{utland, in ',i 
 hours. 
 
 Berkeley Springs {West Virginia). 
 —Morgan County, near Lynch- 
 burg, and 2i miles from Sir John's 
 Run. 
 
 JLitih : Spring's Hotel. 
 
 A small watering place, with 
 indifferent waters (74deg. F.), con- 
 sisting onlj' of the Hotel Baths and 
 dependent buildings. Very much 
 frequented, owing to the surround- 
 ing forests and romantic countiy. 
 Was often visited by Washington, 
 and was already popular in 1816. 
 Five si)rings, with a yield of 2,000 
 gallons per minute. Very largo 
 inscina\ considered amongst the 
 finest in Virginia. The water con- 
 tains little mineral principles, but 
 is said to be invigorating, though 
 this may be due more to the sur- 
 rounding woods and the mountain 
 air. 
 
 Reached by Norfolk and Western 
 Railway, from Norfolk, via Lynch- 
 burg, in 8 hours. 
 
 Berkshire Hills {Massachusetts).— 
 Berkshire County. 
 
 An agglomeration of hills, lakes, 
 and rivulets, very noted and much 
 frequented as a summer resort, on 
 account of its beautiful scenery and 
 fortifying air. Great Barrnigton^ 
 Lenox, Lee, Pitt»Jield, Shaker Village, 
 Lebanon Springs, North Adams, Grey- 
 lock Mountain, Williamstown, and 
 Hootac Tunnel are the principal 
 
MKIJA'ILLK — lillJ.INiiS. 
 
 41 
 
 nmnj?- 
 ,0,100. 
 
 itnam, 
 
 valley, 
 he sen, 
 y l)uiU, 
 rettiest 
 tensive 
 luufae- 
 rie mile 
 villajfo 
 I 1H7I). 
 lip, was 
 
 euui!>K- 
 Mount 
 
 embitt'if, 
 
 iiiffs are 
 
 ml Rut- 
 ul, in 3 
 
 h'ginia). 
 
 Lynch- 
 
 r John '8 
 
 D, with 
 b\),con- 
 iths ami 
 y much 
 rround- 
 omitiy. 
 lington, 
 in 1816. 
 lof 2,000 
 large 
 St the 
 ber con- 
 ies, but 
 1 though 
 he sur- 
 )untaiu 
 
 K^estern 
 iLynch- 
 
 \ett«).— 
 
 lakes, 
 
 much 
 
 lort, on 
 
 Iry and 
 
 \i)>gto}t, 
 
 yHhige, 
 
 Grey' 
 
 , and 
 
 Incipal 
 
 centres and stopping jdaees, and 
 for further detailed information see 
 those. 
 
 Iteac'hed by No\V York and Ifarlem 
 Railway, and New York and New 
 Haven Railway, or by steamer from 
 New York, v'ut Bridgeport, iti Hi 
 bour8 to Pittsfleld. 
 
 Bethlehem (AVm- 7f<r«j;)*<A/<v).— Coos 
 County, in the White Mountains ; 
 population ( 1880) , 9(K). 
 
 Jloft'h: Strawberry- Ilill, Mapple- 
 wood, Sinclair, Prospect, Hcllcvuo. 
 
 One of the Uiost iiopular summer 
 resorts in the White Mountain 
 region. Klovation very high, and 
 town claims to be the" highest in- 
 habited i)lace cast nf tlie Rocky 
 Mountains. It is l»oautifully Imilt, 
 and a great centre for exciii'sions. 
 It commands a \ cry extensive and 
 ])eautif ul view of the whole mounta in 
 range. Muiinf AgaxMiz is ascended 
 from here (2,012 feet). 
 
 Reached ))y Boston and Lowell 
 Railway, from Boston, cid Lowell, 
 in U hours. 
 
 Bethlehein(PfHH«.y/rflHNO.— North- 
 ampton County ; population (1880), 
 11*000. 
 
 Hoteh: American, Eagle, Pacific, 
 Sun, Central, W^ishington. 
 
 It is pleasantly situated on both 
 banks of the Lehigh River, and is 
 resorted to in summer for its fresh 
 and invigorating air. The chief 
 seat in the United States of the 
 Moravian Brotherhood, founded 
 here in 17-41. LchU/h Unirergitt/, 
 established in 1865, ii.is all 
 tuition free. The Ohl Moravian 
 Jinildhiffg, in Church How, are 
 well i>reserved. The Moravian 
 Church, Boug' School, Female Semi- 
 nary and Museum are also buildings 
 of note. Bishopgthorpe Seminary is 
 also worth an inspection. Opera 
 House and Citizens' Hall are the 
 leading assembly rooms. Iron fac- 
 tories and foundries are staple pur- 
 suits. 
 
 Reached by Philadelphia and 
 Reading Railway, from New York, 
 via High Bridge,' in 3 hours. 
 
 Bethel (lfatw«). — Oxford County; 
 population (1880), 2,100. 
 
 Hoteh : Mountain House. 
 
 A lovely village, with mineral 
 si)nngs, nne views of the H'hife 
 Mouuliiin*, and very comfurtable 
 accommodation. 
 
 Reitt'hedby (JrandTrunkRailway, 
 from Portland, cid Danville, in \\\ 
 hours. 
 
 Beverley (MagxachuMeffn).— Kssnx 
 County; i)opulation (ls>so), 8,450. 
 
 ILutch : Carey's, Station, Waver- 
 ley. 
 
 A manufacturing town, with a 
 pleasant and very extensive beach ; 
 the suburbs along the coast show 
 some very tine gardens and beauti- 
 ful residences. It is a very old 
 place, and very busy with shoo 
 manufacturing. Toivn and Banqurt 
 JLiUtt are the jdaces of assembly. 
 
 Reached by Boston and Maine 
 Railway, from Boston, via Chelsea, 
 in 50 minutes. 
 
 Biddeford (Maine).— York County ; 
 population (1880), 13,(KH). 
 
 Hotels: Biddeford and Yates 
 House at the Saco Pool. 
 
 Situated on the Saco River, the 
 fall (55 feet) of which furnishes a 
 flue water power for both Biddeford 
 and Saco. The Saco Bool, a large 
 sweet water })asin scooped out of 
 solid rock and connected with the 
 sea, lies in the middle of the former. 
 Reached by steamer twice daily, 
 from Biddeford. Close by is Oid 
 Orchard Beach and Scarborough 
 Beach, two famous sea-bathing 
 places. 
 
 Reached by Boston and Maine 
 Railway, froin Boston, via Portland 
 Point, in 15 hours. 
 
 Billings (Monta)m).~In the Bad 
 Lands ; population (1880), 1,600. 
 
 Hott'ls: Badlands, City, Central. 
 
 Beautifully situated, at the head of 
 8teaml>oat navigation on the Y'ellow- 
 stone River, in a very picturesque 
 and fertile valley. A few years ago 
 it was only a landmark onthe mai^s 
 for land speculators, but is raiiidly 
 increasing in size and population ; a 
 school and two churches have been 
 built, and a university, and two 
 parks are being laid out, the latter 
 for private residences. It is chiefly 
 
42 
 
 BRADSHAW S UNITED STATKS. 
 
 ■V>', 
 
 occupied in cattle raising and min- 
 ing pursuits. It iiromises to \o a 
 very important station on .he 
 Northern Pacific Railway, whch 
 has machine and repairing shops 
 here and at Helena, the capital. 
 
 Heachod by the Northern Pacific 
 Railway, from Glcndivc, in OJ- hours. 
 
 Binghamp :on (iv;- 10 York) . — Seat 
 of IJroomc County; population 
 (1880), 18,500. 
 
 Hotels: Exchange, Crandell, Ben- 
 net, Lewis. 
 
 Though cliieflj- a mar.ufacturing 
 town (cigars, coal, iron, leather, 
 boots, etc.), it is being gradually 
 resorted to as a summer station. It 
 is beautifully situated on the junc- 
 tion of the Susquehanna and 
 Chenani^o Rivers, in a wide plain. 
 Court Jlouttr, Bank Buildings, Mill- 
 fury Store House, Asylum for Chronic 
 Insane, etc., are very fine buildings 
 and worthy an ins])ection. Susque- 
 hanna Orphanage, St. Mary's 
 Orphan'ige, and the Asylum j'or 
 Inebriates, are other interesting in- 
 stitutions. On Mount Prospect is a 
 hydro])athic establishment. 
 
 Reached by Delaware, Lacka- 
 wanna, and Western Railway, 
 from New York, via Scranton. in 7 
 honrs. 
 
 Birmingham (^^rti<n»'/) .—Jefferson 
 County population (1880), 4,050. 
 
 Hotels . Kentucky.Nixon's, Relay, 
 St. Charles, Central, Richards. 
 
 A very thrifty industrial town, 
 with coa' and ir'^i mines, but with 
 little else to inte ^-st the tourist. 
 
 Reached by Cincinnati, New 
 Orleans and Texas Pacific Railway, 
 from Cincinnati, via Chattanooga, 
 in 16i hours. 
 
 Bismark {D.ikotah). — Capital of 
 Territory and seat of Burleigh 
 County ; population (1880), 5,000. 
 
 Hotels : Merchants, Custer, Sheri- 
 dan, Western. 
 
 Situated on the Northern Pacific 
 Railway on its crossing the Mis- 
 souri (east bank) ; it is chiefly 
 occupied in commission and agvi- 
 cultural pursuits. It is the whole- 
 sale and distributing point for 
 North-Western Dakotah. There are 
 
 two halls, the Athenajum and 
 Union, but little else of interest for 
 the tourist. The environs afford 
 ample sport for huntovs and fishers. 
 Reached by Northern Pacific 
 Railway, from St. Paul, in 19^ hours. 
 
 Black Hawk (Colorado). — Near 
 Denver; population (1880), 1,540. 
 
 Hotels: European. 
 
 A mining town, very busy and 
 increasing rapidly, irregularly built 
 along the mountain side. Numeroias 
 foundries and stamping mills, and 
 Professor Hill's Reduction and Smelt- 
 ing Works are cai*ried on here. But 
 beyond the very wild scenery in the 
 environs there is little to interest the 
 tourist. 
 
 Reached by Burlington and Mis- 
 souri Railway, from Denver, in ^ hour. 
 
 Black Kiver Falls (Wisconsin).— 
 .Tackson County; jDopulation (1880), 
 1,150. 
 
 Hotels: Lake's. 
 
 Situated on the Black River, it 
 has a very extensive timber trade 
 and a good future in store. 
 
 Reached by Chicago, Milwaukee 
 and St. Paixl Railway, from Mil- 
 waukee, via Mauston, in 42- hours. 
 
 Blackstone (Massachusetts). — Wor- 
 cester County; populatioK (1880), 
 above 5,000. 
 
 Hotels: Union, Lincoln. 
 
 Situated on the Blackstone River, 
 it has large cotton j""d woollen 
 spinning and weaving . jills. 
 
 Reached by New York and New 
 England Railway, from Boston, in 
 1 hour. 
 
 Bloomington (Indiana).— Near 
 Gosport; population (1880), 2,800. 
 
 Hotels : City. 
 
 A small town, chiefly occupied in 
 agricultural pursuits, and noted 
 as the seat of the State Urifrersity 
 (admittance of both sexes), with 
 Law Schools which enjoy a high 
 repute. Close by are Mitchell and 
 Salem. 
 
 Reached by Louisville, New 
 Albany and Chicago Railway, from 
 Louisville, via New Albany, in 4 
 hours. 
 
BINGHAMPTON — DOONJOX. 
 
 13 
 
 and 
 
 3t f 01- 
 
 ifEord 
 shers. 
 aciflc 
 lours. 
 
 Near 
 540. 
 
 J and 
 ■ 1)uilt 
 nerous 
 (, and 
 Smelt- 
 ;. But 
 in the 
 est the 
 
 1 Mis- 
 \ hour. 
 
 \inn), — ■ 
 (1880), 
 
 iver, it 
 r trade 
 
 Iwaukee 
 
 m Mil- 
 
 ours. 
 
 L— Wor- 
 (1880), 
 
 River, 
 
 ,'ooilen 
 
 Id New 
 
 Iton, in 
 
 Near 
 
 5,800. 
 
 bied in 
 
 noted 
 
 rersity 
 
 . with 
 
 high 
 
 Hi and 
 
 New 
 
 [, from 
 
 in 4 
 
 % 
 
 Bloomington (///i«o(V). — Seat of 
 MacLeau County; population, 
 22,000, 
 
 Hotels : Ashley, Phoenix. 
 
 A very important town, increasing 
 rayndly in population and coruiner- 
 cial importance, and chiefly engaged 
 in shipping and manufacture. Also, 
 owing to its being a Ir.rge railway 
 centre, there are ?*>vjral extensive 
 construction and machine repairing 
 shops. It is handsomely and sub- 
 stantially built, and has important 
 educational institutions. The Opera 
 House, Durify Hall, Weshyan Uin- 
 ren^ifi/. Court Hoii^e, and Major 
 Female Collrge are buildings worthy 
 of note. 
 
 Reached by Chicago and Alton 
 Railway, from Chicago, in G hours. 
 
 Bloomsburg {Penmylcania). — Scat 
 of Columbia Countj'; population 
 (1880), 3,800. 
 
 Hotels: City, Exchange, Ameri- 
 can, Central, Station. 
 
 Pleasantly situated on Fishing 
 Creek and northern branch of 
 Susquehanna River, it is mainly 
 suppoi-ted by the surrounding agri- 
 cultural districts ; also iron and 
 its munufacture. Opera House and 
 several public halls. 
 
 Reached by Delaware, Lacka- 
 wanna and Western Railway, from 
 New York, via Scranton, in 8 hours. 
 
 Brockport {New York). — On Ex'ie 
 Canal ; population (1880), 4,100. 
 
 Hotels : Washington. 
 
 A i)rettily-8ituated village, with a 
 fine State Normal School building. 
 Some manufactories. 
 
 Reached by New York Central 
 and Hudson River Railway, from 
 Buffalo, via. Niagara Falls, in threo- 
 fiuarters of an hour. 
 
 Bois6 City (/<^/^o).— Capital of the 
 State ; population (1880), 2,000. 
 
 Hotels : City, American, Exchange. 
 
 A pleasantly-situated town on an 
 affluent of the SnakeRiver, as yet out 
 of the reach of tourists. Within 
 a few years it will bo connected by 
 railway from Great Bend City, when 
 it will undoubtedly increase with 
 rapid strides. 
 
 Reached by Oregon Railway and 
 
 Navigation Company, from Dalles 
 J'ity, branching at Great Bend City 
 to Baker City, in 19 ' urs. 
 
 Bolivar (Tenuessre) .— 'Scav ,h\(:]<>i -u • 
 population (188'> , 2 Olh). 
 Hotels: Citv. 
 
 On the Haichoo River, a very 
 handsome :ni I thriving liitle com- 
 munity. Tl.. liver is navigable for 
 steamers during about nine months. 
 
 Reached by Illinois Central Rail- 
 way, from Ciiioago, f.'« Jackson, in 
 9a hours. 
 
 Bolton {Xrir I'y/v'i-). -- On Lake 
 George; population (ISSO), abcnt 
 500. 
 
 Hotels: Bolton, Luke View, Mohi- 
 can, Wells. 
 
 After Caldwell the largest village 
 on the lake, and much resorted to 
 for its quietness as a summer 
 station. It is situated on the west 
 shore, having Prospect Mountain at 
 its back, as also on high ground 
 several small lakes. G<! uotiskie Bay, 
 Shelving liock and Tongue Mountain 
 as also Fourteen Mile Island are 
 worthy a visit. 
 
 Reached by Delaware and Hud- 
 son Canal Hallway, from Saratoga, 
 via Caldwell, in 2\" hours. 
 
 Boone {Iowa). — Boone Counts ; P<^])- 
 ulation (1880), 3,5oo. 
 
 Hotels: Eagle, Lincoln, Kt. 
 John's. 
 
 A thriving village, situated on a 
 little rising prairie, two miles from 
 the Dcs Moines Itircr. It is sur- 
 rounded by a rich and productive 
 farming ;ountry, and is principally 
 engaged in manufacture, coal trade, 
 and n .^ricultural produce. On the 
 Des Moines River some very rugged 
 and wild scenery may be enjoyed. 
 
 Reached 1)y Chicasro and, North- 
 western Railway, from Chicago, 
 via Cedar and Clinton, in 2 hours. 
 
 Boonton {New Jersey).— 'Scar Den- 
 ville ; i)Oi)ulation, -tjooo. 
 
 Hotels: Boonton, 
 
 A small bu^ busy manufacturing 
 town situati on the Rockaway 
 River and Morris Canal, 'J'h'e 
 
44 
 
 13KADSHAW S UNlTEl^ STATES. 
 
 li! 
 
 l ilii 
 
 I 
 
 region is very mountainous, and 
 offers some fine views. 
 
 Reached by Delaware.Lackawanna 
 and Western Railway, from New 
 York, in 1| hours. 
 
 Boonville {New York). — Near Tren- 
 ton Falls ; population (1880), 1,700. 
 
 Hotels: Commercial. 
 
 Situated at the entrance to the 
 John Brown'' 8 Tract, the southern 
 part of the Adirondacks rcpioii. 
 Being comparatively little visited 
 and less settled, it offers good 
 sport in hunting and fishing. Guides 
 and outfit can be had here. Fulton 
 Lakes are close by. 
 
 Reached by New York Central 
 and Utica and Black River Rail- 
 way, fi'om New York, via Utica, ■ 
 in 165 hours. 1 
 
 Boonville {Misnonri). — Scat of ; 
 
 Cooper County; population (1880), i 
 
 3,855. ! 
 
 Hotels: City. ' 
 
 A busy town, situated on the 
 Missouri River, and principally 
 engaged in manufactures, flour mills 
 and pork packing. The Thespian 
 Hall is the principal place of 
 assembb'. 
 
 Reached by Missouri Pacific Rail- 
 way, from Sedalia, via Clifton, in 
 1^ hours. 
 
 Bordentown {yew Jersey). — Bur- 
 lington County; population (1880), 
 6,050. 
 
 Hotels : American, City, Washing- 
 ton, Bordentown. 
 
 A very thrivin;^ manufacturing 
 town on the Delaware River and Dela- 
 ware and Raritan Canal, chiefly occu- 
 pied in shipbuilding. Much visited 
 by Pbiladelphians as a summer 
 resort. The Mansion and Park of 
 Joseph Bonaparte, ex-King of Spain, 
 is the chief oVjject of interest. 
 
 Reached by Pennsylvania Rail- 
 way, Amboy Branch, from Phila- 
 delphia, in H hours. 
 
 Boston {Massachusetts). — Suffolk 
 County. One of the principal ports 
 of the United States, and chief 
 city of the State, though not its 
 capital. Population (1880), 362,850. 
 
 Hotels : Clarendon, Brunswick, 
 American, Adams', Crawford, Milli- 
 ken, Revere, Tremont, Parker, 
 Young's, United States, Vendome, 
 Comrnonwealth, Quincy, Creighton, 
 New England, National. Charges 
 from 2 dels, to 5 dels, per day in- 
 clusive. 
 
 Restaurants: Copeland's, IVeber'Sf 
 Younff's, Parker House. At Ohcr'$ 
 French cuisine prevails, and for 
 game and fish specialities visit 
 Taft's. Restaurants also at the 
 various railway stations. 
 
 Conveyances: Very extensive and 
 complete system of tramways ; 
 charge 6 cents. Carriages at rail- 
 way stations and at various places 
 in the streets ; tariffs regulated bj'' 
 law, per c curse one passenger in city 
 proper 50 cents, outside this 1 dol., 
 each additional passenger 60 cents. 
 From 12.0 to 6.0 a.m. double fares. 
 Per hour 1 dol. 50 cents, and each 
 additional or fraction 1 dol. Omni' 
 buses on principal streets. Several 
 Perries for East Boston and Chelsra, 
 and the other suburbs are connected 
 by bridges. 
 
 Stations : Tie Lowell Railway Sta- 
 tion (very fine; in Causeway-street, 
 and Eastern Railway and Fitchhury 
 Railway Stations in same street, and 
 almost together. The Boston and 
 Albany, in Kneeland-street ; Maine 
 Central, in Haymarket-square ; the 
 Providence, on Coliunbus-avenuo ; 
 Old ColonyRailway, in South-street ; 
 Boston Revere Beach and Seguin, in 
 Atlantic-avenue ; and New York 
 and New England, in Summer- 
 street. 
 
 Theatres and Amusements: The 
 Boston is the largest in New Eng- 
 land. The Museum (select), Park 
 and Globri (stars) ; Windsor, Bijou, 
 Howard (varieties) . Music Hall', the 
 finest in the country, and with 
 largest organ but one in the world. 
 Association Hall, Horticultural Hall, 
 Tremont Temple, Hawthorne Rooms, 
 and Chickering Hall. 
 
 The horse races take place at 
 Mystic and Beacon Park, outside 
 the town. 
 
 Reading Rooms : The Athenceum 
 (introduction by a member) ; the 
 Public Library, access free. Reading 
 Rooms also at all leading hotels and 
 at Young Men's Christian Uniou 
 and Association. 
 
 I 
 
I300NVT LLE— BOSTON. 
 
 45 
 
 iwick, 
 , Milli- 
 arker, 
 dome, 
 ^hton, 
 tiarges 
 ay iu- 
 
 Ohir't 
 1(1 foi" 
 J visit 
 at the 
 
 ve and 
 iways ; 
 at rail- 
 , places 
 ited by 
 r in cUy 
 i 1 dol., 
 ) cents. 
 3 fares, 
 id each 
 
 OliDti- 
 
 Several 
 Chehi'it, 
 nnected 
 
 ffcr,9 Sfa- 
 street, 
 tchhuiy 
 et, and 
 ton (tnd 
 31(1 hie 
 re ; the 
 ivcnue ; 
 street ; 
 guiu, in 
 York 
 ammer- 
 
 The 
 iw Enp:- 
 , Park 
 i, Bijou, 
 all, the 
 d with 
 world. 
 il Hall, 
 oonis, 
 
 lace at 
 loutsido 
 
 Vhenceum 
 
 r) ; the 
 
 leading 
 
 tels and 
 
 Uniou 
 
 Cli'l*: Somerset, Union, Central, 
 and St. Botolph arc the leading ones. 
 Admission throuo^h members' intro- 
 duction. 
 
 Post (Hill Tt'Irjraph Offices: IMilk- 
 street, and open from 7.30 a.m. to 
 7.30 p.m. 
 
 Art Colhctiona : The Musevm <>f 
 Arfx (admi<>sion 25 cts.), splendid 
 buildinsr, with extensive collections 
 in Art-S([uaro; at Studio Jiuil'.lint/^ 
 and Boston Art Cluh occasional ex- 
 hibitions take place ; Williams & 
 Kverctt and Dull Ix. Richards are 
 private sales naileries. 
 
 F)ifjllsh Consul : Ch. A. Henderson, 
 Consul. 
 
 Bankers: Peabody, Kidder & Co. 
 
 Mtdical: Dr. Craigh, Dr. "White. 
 
 Ticket anJ Excursion Afjents : 
 Thomas look ix, Son, 107, "Washing- 
 ton-street. 
 
 The foundation of this, the capital 
 of Massachusetts, and the chief 
 town in New Euglund, was laid in 
 1623 by the Rev. W. Blackstone. 
 Some Dorchester settlers came soon 
 after, and settled on Shawwut, 
 which they named Boston, after the 
 })irthplace in England of their 
 leaders, Johnson and Cotton. The 
 first gt)vernor was John "Winthrop. 
 From this time the town grew 
 rapidly. In 1740 the first dissatis- 
 facti(.)n with the home government 
 began, and in 1705 the early meet- 
 ings of the " Sons of Liberty *" under 
 the old Liberty Tree were stifled by 
 the British forces. In 1703, the 
 first wharf was built, already the 
 extensive trade of the town Ijeing 
 therebv cimsiderably increased. 
 The first church was 'built in 1032, 
 and in 1030 the lirst court was 
 held. The great fire, in 1872, des- 
 troyed property to the amount of 
 70,00t),000 dols. 
 
 Boston is situated at the western 
 extremity of Massachusetts Bay, 
 and eaibraces Boston proper, South 
 and East Boston, Charlestown, 
 Brighton, Dorchester, Rox])ury and 
 West Roxbury, covering al)Out '25,000 
 acres. Boston proper, on a penin- 
 sula with ver>' uneven surface, 
 covers about 700 acres, and three 
 hills, Copps, Fort, and Beacon. 
 East Boston has the deepest water 
 of the harbour, and the largest ships 
 lie here principally. Charles- 
 town and South Boston are con- 
 
 nected with the town by bridges ; 
 Chelsea, Cambridge, and East 
 Boston by ferries. 
 
 The streets in the older portion of 
 the town bear a strong resemblance 
 to the streets of an P^nglish town, 
 though somewhat modeniized since 
 the great fire. The newer jiortions 
 have wide, straight, and well-piived 
 regular streets, some of which are 
 hands(mie. Washington-street is the 
 chief thoroughfare; Pearl-street, 
 centre of the largest 1)oot and shoo 
 trade in the world, and Treniont and 
 Winter streets arc leading streets for 
 general retail shops. State-street is 
 the Boston Wall-street : Summer, 
 Chauncey, and Franklin streets the 
 wholesale dry goods (juarter. Com- 
 monweal th-acenue is one of the finest 
 streets, being 240 feet Wide.with rows 
 of trees and pleasure ganlens. The 
 residential or fashiomiblo (luarterg 
 are west of the common (Back 
 Bay), along Charles River. The 
 surroundings of the town are beauti- 
 ful, and the chief driving centre is 
 around Chestnut-hill Itcservoir. 
 
 Boston Common: A noble park, 
 extending over 48 acres, is Ijounded 
 by Beacon, Charles, Roylston, Park, 
 and Tremniit-strcots. It was for- 
 merly a ]iavade ground, and the 
 English built a fortiiieil camp on it 
 in 1 ". The elm trees on the com- 
 mo! riu sliady avcmies, which ate 
 much -rowtlod in siniimer. Soldii rx' 
 Monuniint, on I'higstuff-hill, is very 
 fine, and wa. (.'ompleted in 1877. 
 The Public Gard ns, 23 acios in 
 extent, are separated from the com- 
 mon by Charles-street, very tast- • 
 fully laid out and adorned witli 
 statues, fountains, &c. Sfatues of- 
 Washini/ton and Frerett .ire worth 
 noticing ; others are Ether and 
 and Sumner monuments. The 
 Beacon (or Back Bay) Park, ctm^ of 
 Beacon-street and Mystic '\irk, 
 opposite Charlesto\ni, ii.. also 
 favourite pleasure grounds, the 
 races taking place here. 
 
 The State House, on Beacon-hill, 
 with gilded dome, a very hand- 
 some building of Corinthian archi- 
 tecture, was begun in 1795 and 
 completed in 1708. Its gilded dome, 
 seen from all parts of the town, 
 stands 116 feet high; in front are 
 bronze statues of Horace Mann and 
 Daniel Webster. The open Colon- 
 nade, the Doric Hall, with collections 
 
46 
 
 BRADSIUW S L'MTi: D STATES. 
 
 I' !<' 
 
 of flag8 and guns, etc., and the 
 Rotunda are on the gronncl floor. On 
 the upper floor are the Halls for 
 House of Jtepreseniutives and Senate, 
 State Lihrary, Cabinet of Curiosities, 
 and Archives. Visitors should ascend 
 the dome for the superb view. Close 
 by the State House is the Athrnmuin, 
 with a library of ovor l.io.OOO vol- 
 umes. The A'n^ricau Society of 
 Arts and Sciences has rooms and 
 library in the Iniilding. Close by 
 are Louisburg (with some statues) 
 and Pemberton-squares, and in 
 Somerset-street are the otlices of the 
 University. 
 
 City Hall, one of the most im- 
 posing buildings of the town, in 
 School-street, is in the Italian 
 Renaissance style,' and has a dome 
 109 feet high. The interior is 
 striking, and in front of the hall 
 are some statues by Greenough aiid 
 Ball. 
 
 The Post Office, occupying the 
 block comer formed by Milk, Water, 
 Devonshire streets and Post-office- 
 square, is an immense granite 
 building (Renaissance), not quite 
 completed yet. It is intended to l)e 
 the finest building in New England. 
 The interior arrangements are 
 worthy of inspection, especially the 
 Cash noom in Marble. The Custom 
 House at the end of India-street 
 (Doric architecture), was erected in 
 1847. It has a dome, and is sur- 
 rounded by massive granite columns 
 weighing 42 tons each. 
 
 The Pullic Library in Roylston- 
 street contains 4(X),(X)0 volumes and 
 alK)ut 150,000 pamphlets, and some 
 valuable collections. Of churches 
 the Trinity CJiurch, Huntington- 
 avenue, is" one of the most note- 
 worthy, as being one of the finest, 
 largest, and most splendidly deco- 
 rated of the States. New Old South 
 Church (with a tower 248 feet) and 
 Second Church likewise merit a 
 visit. The Masonic Temple (corner 
 of Tremont-street), of granite, with 
 fine halls ; and the Society of Natural 
 History's Buildings (with library of 
 12,000 volumes) m Berkeley-street 
 is also interesting. In Boylston- 
 street (20) is also the granite Gothic 
 building of the Young Men's Christ- 
 ian Union. The Museum of Fine 
 Arts, on Art-square, a red-brick 
 building with ten*a-cotta bas-reliefs 
 and adornments, has extensive 
 
 collections (entrj 25 cts.) ; and the 
 Boston Art Club BuHdlvg, near New 
 Old South Church, on same square. 
 Of churches in the fashionable 
 (juarter the following are note- 
 worthy : First Baptist Church, First 
 Unitaria7i Church, Central Congrega- 
 tional, Arlington-street RXidFmmanuel 
 churches. The Massachusetts Churi- 
 table Mechanics' Association and the 
 New England Manufacturers' and 
 Mechanics' Institute are on Hunting- 
 ton-avenue, both magnificent builtl- 
 ings. 
 
 The roston Music ^a//,inTrem()Ut- 
 street, is one of the finest in America, 
 and noted for its immense organ. 
 The Horticultural Hall, near by, 
 used for fairs, flower shows, etc., 
 is also worthy a Aisit. 
 
 In the old' part of tlie town, on 
 Dock-square, is the Qniiicy Market, 
 two storej's high and 530 feet long : 
 at the head of State-street is the old 
 State House, a very venerable struc- 
 ture, erected in 1747. It was the 
 scene of very important movements 
 and events, amongst which were the 
 Declaration of Independence, recep' 
 Hon of Washington, etc. On Dock- 
 S(iuare is the Funeuil Hall, the most 
 interesting building in the State, 
 and known ns the " Cradle of 
 Liberty." It was built in 1742, and 
 given by Peter Faneuil, a Huguenot 
 merchant, to the town. Burnt in 
 1761, and rebuilt in 1762, it was the 
 scene during the Revolutionary War 
 of many great and eventful gather- 
 ings. Numerous portraits adorn the 
 public hall on second floor, rendered 
 also famous by the famous lectui-es 
 of Adams, Everett, We))STer, etc. The 
 l)asement has shops, and a market- 
 place in the centre. Tl\e " Old 
 Merchanti<' Exchange,'" 55, State- 
 Street, wiv^ a fine building, but l)y 
 the fire and subsequent remodelling 
 has lost in architectural beauty. 
 County Court House, on Court- 
 square, is a fine building in Quincy 
 granite. 
 
 The MasiachusettsIIr^torical Society 
 Buildings, King's Cfiujiel, with ad- 
 joining first burial ground in the 
 town, and Boston Museum (25 cts. 
 entrance) are all onl" emont-street, 
 and, if time allows, are worth an 
 inspection. The City Hofpital, in 
 Harrison-avenue, is a large gitanite 
 building in 7 acres of ground; 
 the Odd Fellows' Hall in Berkeley- 
 
BOSTUX. 
 
 47 
 
 and the 
 lear New 
 e square, 
 ihionable 
 ,re iiote- 
 >'ch. First 
 Congrega- 
 Kmmanuel 
 its Churi' 
 I and the 
 •ers' and 
 Huntinff- 
 ;nt build- 
 
 Treniout- 
 America, 
 56 organ, 
 near by, 
 Dws, etc., 
 
 town, on 
 
 feet long : 
 ) is the old 
 ,ble struc- 
 , was the 
 lovementfci 
 1 were the 
 ice, recep' 
 On Dock- 
 \, the most 
 ;he State, 
 Cradle of 
 1742, and 
 uguenot 
 Burnt in 
 t was the 
 [nary War 
 1 gather- 
 .dorn the 
 rendered 
 lectures 
 ', etc. The 
 , market- 
 lie " Old 
 |5, Statc- 
 ^, but by 
 iiodelling 
 beauty. 
 Court- 
 n Quinry 
 
 \al Socleti/ 
 (with ad- 
 Id in the 
 (25 cts. 
 fit-street, 
 •orth an 
 )itul, in 
 le granite 
 1 ground ; 
 Jerkcloy- 
 
 street is also a fine building. In 
 Concord-street are the Roman 
 Catholic Orplianage, the Church 
 of the Immaculate Conception 
 (fine music and interior decoration), 
 and Bout on College. On Harrison- 
 street is the Church of St. James, 
 and on Franklin-street the New 
 England Conservatory of Music. 
 The Cathedral of the Holy Cross 
 (Roman Catholic) on "Washington- 
 street is the largest and finest in 
 New England. Old South Church 
 in Milk and Washington street is a 
 historic relic, built in 1729, and used 
 as a place of meeting for the revolu- 
 tionary chief. s of 1776, and later as 
 a riding school. Benjamin Franklin 
 was baptized in it, and the " Boston 
 Tea Party " was organized here. 
 
 In the business quarter are also 
 many fine structures, mostly erected 
 since the fire in 1872. The Rialto 
 Buildings, the Simmons Cathedral, 
 Sears, Franklin, Brewer Buildings, 
 and office of New York Mutual Life 
 Insurance Company, Equitable Life 
 Insurance Company, and New 
 England Mutual Life Insurance 
 Company, are the most noteworthy. 
 
 The Charitable Institutions em- 
 brace — The Perkins Institution for 
 the Blind, on Mount Washington in 
 South Boston ; the Carney Hospital, 
 near by : the Massachusetts General 
 Hospital, on Charles River; the 
 Soldiers' Home, Powder Horn Hill, 
 Chelsea; Xaval Hospital, close by; 
 the Lunatic Asylum and House of 
 Correction, in South Boston; City 
 Hospital, in Harrison-avenue ; and 
 the Marine Hospital, very large and 
 fine, in Chelsea. The Work-and 
 Alms-houses are on Deer Island. 
 
 Cemeteries beyond those men- 
 tioned are also on Copp's Hill, north- 
 east of the town. The North Burying 
 Ground, the second established in 
 Boston, is very well laid out and 
 carefuUj'' kei)t ; Mount Au])um 
 Cemetery is very beautiful, and with 
 beautiful views on Charles River. It 
 contains tombs of Longfellow, Story, 
 Winthrop, Adams, etc., and several 
 very beautiful monuments. A 
 granite tower on top of the hill 
 affords a fine view over the city. 
 
 Amongst the many excursions for 
 which tile environs of Boston give 
 ample scope, Cambridge, literally a 
 suburb, must be mentioned in the 
 first place. It has been the home of 
 
 Longfellow, Holmes, Russell, 
 Lowell, and other noted American 
 citizens ; but above all it is of great 
 interest as one of the two academic 
 cities of North America, and the seat 
 of Harvard Ifnirersity. It was first 
 called Newtown and settled soon 
 after the Boston colonj', but subse- 
 (]uently called Cambridge in honour 
 of the University in England, where 
 John Harvard, the founder of the 
 University, and other leaders had 
 studied. Founded in 1636 by Rev. 
 John Harvard, and incorporated 
 1650, it is the oldest and most richly 
 endowed in America. Besides its 
 collegiate department, it has depart- 
 ments for law, medicine, dentistry, 
 science, art and theology. In 1880-81 
 it had 220 teachers, andL about 1,4(K) 
 students. The University lands 
 comprise over 60 acres, and contain 
 18 academical buildings, shaded 
 with fine elms and other trees. The 
 finest is Memorial Hall, in memory 
 of the stvidents who fell in the War of 
 Secession. It is large and well im)- 
 portioned, and 2(K) feet high. The 
 Great Hill is the principal apart- 
 ment, 104 feet by 60 feet. In the 
 Vestibule are the tablets of the stu- 
 dents (136) who fell in the war. The 
 Theatre holds 1,300 persons. The 
 University Library, a Gothic build- 
 ing known as Gore Hall in form of 
 a La.tin cross, has a groined n^of 35 
 feet high, and contains about 150,000 
 books, while the University has 
 about 100,000 more in different other 
 halls. The Governing body of the 
 University consists of one President 
 and.six Fellows, and a board of over- 
 seers, who meet in University Hall. 
 There are i7 Professorships. The 
 course extends over four years. 
 
 The old house, also called 
 Bishop's Palace, nearly opposite Gore 
 Hall, was General Burgoine's head- 
 quarters in 1777. On the common is 
 the venerable Christ Church. Near 
 the college-yard are the Zoological 
 Museum and Gymnasium, and north- 
 west the Botanical Gardens and Oi- 
 servatory. On the common in front 
 of Shepard Memorial Church is the 
 Wash ington Elm, under which Wash- 
 ington assumed the command of the 
 Americans in 1775. It is thought t 
 be over 300 years old. 
 
 To Charleston, -north, of Boston and 
 accessible by the tramways from 
 Scollay-square, is the Famous Bv.n- 
 
^m 
 
 48 
 
 HRADSHAW S L'MTED STATI'.S. 
 
 Ni 
 
 ker Hill Monument, on the site 
 of the old redoubt at Breed's Hill, 
 and commemorative of the battle 
 fought on June 17, 1775. It is an 
 obelisk of Quincy granite, 30 ft 
 square at the l)ase and 221 feet 
 high. The observatory on the top 
 gives a magnificent view, including 
 the entire environs of Boston. The 
 Navy Yard is also at Charleston, 
 it extends over 100 acres, and 
 has among other objects of interest 
 the longest rope walk in the States. 
 The immense drj"- dock should be in- 
 spected. Other points hxq Brighton, 
 celebrated for its cattle market, 
 Point Shirley, liecere - Beach, and 
 Chelsea Brookline, a beautiful town, 
 reached by the Mill Dara from Bos- 
 ton. It is famous for the Reservoirs 
 of the Boston Water Supply being 
 situated here. The most celebrated 
 is the Chestnut Hill Reservoir (capa- 
 city 800 million gallons), and round 
 it is the favourite drive of Bostoni- 
 ans. 
 
 Reached by New York and New 
 Haven Air Line, and New York and 
 New England Railways, from New 
 York, in 8J hours. 
 
 Boulder (Co/orarfo).— Near Golden, 
 and Canon City ; population (18S0), 
 3,000. 
 
 Hotels : Colorado and Boulder. 
 
 A mining town, which is only 
 interesting for its proximity to 
 Boulder Canon and The Falls, Peabody 
 Springs, Belmont Iron Works, Ei'e 
 Coal Mines, and Gold Hill. Th^ 
 Canon is a stupendous mountain 
 gorge, 17 miles long, with almost per- 
 pendicular solid rock walls, rising in 
 Rome places to about 3,000 feet. A 
 rushing mountain stream runs in the 
 middle, finding its course here and 
 there impeded by huge blocks of rock 
 or fallen trees, making the scene 
 especially weird and picturesque. 
 The Falls of Boulder Creek are about 8 
 miles ahead, with a mining settlement 
 close by. 
 
 Reached by Union Pacific (Denver 
 Pacific Branch) Railway, from Denver, 
 in 2s hours. 
 
 Bowling Green (Kentucky).— Seat 
 of Warren County; population 
 (1880), 5,000. 
 
 Hotels : Merchants, American, 
 Morehead House, Potter. 
 
 Is situated on th(5 Big Bu-ren 
 River, at the head of navigation, 
 and is chiefly interested in agricul- 
 ture, manufacture and commerce. 
 During the Civil Wars it wasa i)oint 
 of strategic importance for defend- 
 ing the appi'oach to Nashville. 
 
 Reached by Louisville and Nash- 
 ville Railway, from Louisville, via 
 Elizabethtown, in i hours. 
 
 Bozeman {Monia7ia).—SeAt of Bozo- 
 man County; pooulation (1880), 
 2,500. 
 
 Hotels : Yellowstone, County. 
 
 A very busy and prosperous town 
 on one of the affluents of the Mis- 
 souri River. The Yellowstone Park 
 was reached from here by diligences 
 before the completion of the rail- 
 way. It has extensive interests in 
 coal, gold, silver, iron and cojjper 
 mines, and several flour and saw 
 mills, and is rapidly increasing in 
 commercial importance and popula- 
 tion. It has a Court House, six 
 theatres and public halls, five 
 churches, tlii'ee banks, and the Land 
 Office Buildings are worth visiting. 
 Close by is Fort Ellis. 
 
 Reached by Northern Pacific 
 Railway, from St. Paul, in 36 hours. 
 
 Bradford (Pennsyh-auia). — Mac- 
 Kean County; population (1880), 
 9,200. 
 
 Hotels: Henderson, St. James, 
 Burt, Aiken. 
 
 A very busy manufacturing town 
 on the junction of four railways, 
 principally engaged in glass and 
 furniture manufacture and petro- 
 leum refineries. There is an Opera 
 House, 
 
 Reached by Bradford, Bordell, 
 and Kinzua Railway, from Wells- 
 ville, via Bolivar, in 4 hours. 
 
 (Minnesota). — 136 miles 
 Paul; population (1880), 
 
 Brainerd 
 
 from St. 
 10,000. 
 
 Hotels: City, European. 
 
 Very pleasantly situated, and regu- 
 larly built, on the Mississippi and at 
 the junction of main line and branch 
 line of St. Paul of Northern Pacific 
 Railway. It lies in the midst of the 
 great Minnesota pine forests, and is 
 a very busy and thriving place. It 
 
IIOULDER — BRIDGEPOUT. 
 
 49 
 
 Hji'tcu 
 /igatiou, 
 agricul- 
 mmerce. 
 ,8 a point 
 ■ defend- 
 He. 
 
 id Nash- 
 ville, via 
 
 , of Uo/.G- 
 i (1880), 
 
 mty. 
 
 3US town 
 the Mis- 
 ")ne Park 
 ili^enccs 
 the rail- 
 erests in 
 i copper 
 and saw 
 sasing in 
 I poi>ula- 
 nige, six 
 tils, Ave 
 the Land 
 visiting. 
 
 Pacific 
 JG hours. 
 
 — Mac- 
 
 (1880), 
 
 James, 
 
 |ng town 
 >ilways, 
 iS and 
 petro- 
 m Opera 
 
 iBordell, 
 Wells. 
 
 16 miles 
 (1880), 
 
 idregu- 
 |i and at 
 1 branch 
 Pacific 
 it of the 
 and is 
 je. It 
 
 
 \ 
 
 has extensive railway car and ma- 
 chinery repair shops, occupying as 
 many as 1,200 men. It has many 
 fine i)uilding8, is lighted Ijy electri- 
 city, and has a fine Opera Houxe. 
 The Northern Pacific Hospital is also 
 worth inspection. There are also 
 three public parks, many churches, 
 schools, &c. A great centre for shoot- 
 ing nnd fishing excursions. 
 
 Reached by Northern Pacific, from 
 St. Paul, in 4^ hours. 
 
 Brandon( T>r»j6»f).— Near Rutland ; 
 population (1880), 3,500. 
 
 Hot eh : Brandon, Rutland. 
 
 A very pleasantly-situated village, 
 amidst fine scenery, which attracts 
 a great many visitors in sum- 
 mer. It has some manufacturing 
 interests, with marble quarries, iron 
 ore and kaolin mines. There are 
 several factories for mineral paint. 
 Lake Dunmore is near Salisbury, 10 
 miles distant. 
 
 Reached by Central Vermont 
 Railway, from Montreal, via Bm*- 
 lington, in 5i hours. 
 
 Branford {Connecticut).— 82 miles 
 from New York; population (1830), 
 3,500. 
 
 Hotels: Double Beach, Branford 
 Point. 
 
 Only noted for having in its 
 limits Branford Point, a summer 
 and sea bathing resort. About 
 half-a-dozen other hotels along the 
 sea shore. Indian Neck and Stoney 
 Creek, near by, arc good places for 
 boating and fishing. 
 
 Reached by New York and New 
 Haven Railway, from New York, in 
 85 hours. 
 
 Branford {Florida). — Suwanneo 
 County ; population, 1,000. 
 
 Hotels: Branford. 
 
 Pleasantly situated on the Suwan- 
 nee River, at the head of the navi- 
 gation. It has some commercial 
 and manufacturing interests. It has 
 twice weekly steamboat communi- 
 cation with Cedar Keys and Key 
 West. 
 
 Reached by Florida, Central and 
 Western Railway, from Jacksons- 
 ville, vid Houstoun, in 3i hours. 
 
 Brattleboro ( Vermont) . — 43 miles 
 from Northampton ; population 
 (1880), 4,470. 
 
 Hotels: Brattleboro, Brook's. 
 
 A very finely situated and hand- 
 somely built community, on the 
 west bank of the Connecticut and 
 mouth of Whetstone Creek. 
 Much frequented as a summer 
 resort on account of its magnificent 
 scenery and pleasant drives. A fine 
 view from Cenutert/ Hill (monu- 
 ment of J. Fif"- , .i" a.) The Insane 
 Asylum and I'J-^iey Cottage Organ 
 Works, besides numerous other 
 factories, make the place very busy. 
 On the other bank of the river is the 
 pretty town of Hinsdale (by bridge). 
 
 Reached by Central Vermont and 
 New London Northern Railway, 
 from New London, via Norwich, 
 in 65 hours. 
 
 Brenham {Texas).— ^eoi of Wash- 
 ington County; population (1880), 
 4,200. 
 
 Hotels , 
 Central. 
 
 Exchange, Pennington, 
 
 Advantageously situated on the 
 crossing of the Houston and Texas 
 Central and Gulf, Colorado and 
 Santa F«5 Railway. Commercial 
 and agricultural pursuits. There 
 is an Opera House and several pub- 
 c halls. 
 
 Reached by Houston and Texas 
 Central Railway, from Galveston, 
 in 5i hours. 
 
 Bridgeton {New Jersey) .— Seat of 
 Cumberland County; population 
 (1880), 8,750. 
 
 Hotels : Davis's, City. 
 
 / maritime port on both sides of 
 of the Cohausey River. Has an 
 Opera House and several public 
 halls, and is largely occupied in 
 manufacturing and agricultural 
 pursuits. 
 
 Reached by New Jersey Southern 
 Railway, from New York, viA 
 Barneagat, in 5^ hours. 
 
 Bridgeport (Connecticut). — Fair- 
 field County ; population (1880), 
 29,200. 
 
 Hotels : Sterhng, Atlantic. 
 
 Situated on an island of Long 
 
50 
 
 JJUADSIIAW S UNITKD STATKS. 
 
 Isi.inl C>,und, in tho mouth of the 
 Pe luonnock River. It has very 
 large manufacturing intoi'ests, and 
 is increasing rapidly. Sewing 
 macliines and hardware are the 
 principal manufactures. It is 
 handsomely built, and the x'esidential 
 part is on GoMen Hill. It has an 
 Op/'fu House, 8 banks, 15 churches, 
 and 2 <Uily newspapers. 
 
 Reached by HousAtonic Railway, 
 from N'ow York, via New Haven, in 
 'i hours. 
 
 Bridgton (AfaiMe).— Near Portland; 
 population (ISSO), 1,000. 
 
 Hut 'Is : Lake House. 
 
 A small village, coming into pro- 
 minence for its vicinity to lir'ulijfon 
 Centre, which is becoming a favour- 
 ite summer resort. There are seve- 
 ral small lakes, and Pleasant Mouh' 
 tain gives a fine view. 
 
 Reached by Boston and Maine 
 Railway, from Portland, in half an 
 hour. 
 
 Brighton and West Brighton 
 
 {New York). — On Coney Island. 
 
 Hotels : Engemann's, Vandeveer's 
 aiul Norton's at West Brighton; also 
 the Elepluxnt Hotel. 
 
 A very much frequented sea bath 
 on the east end of Coney Island. 
 Au Iron Pier extends over 1,000 
 feet into the sea, with restau- 
 rants, bath houses, music pavilion 
 and promenades. The Elephant 
 Hoid, built in the shape of 
 an elephant, is a curiosity. An 
 observatory, 300 feet high, affords 
 an extensive view. There is an 
 aquarium, pavilion, show booths, 
 etc., giving the place an air of a 
 huge fair. Music on the plaza 
 twice daily. The Ocean Parkway 
 Drive from Brooklyn ends here. 
 
 Reached by Brooklyn, Flatbush, 
 and Coney Island Railway, from 
 Brooklyn," in half an hour. 
 
 Bristol {Tennessee). — Sullivan 
 County ; population (1880), 3,000. 
 
 Hotels: Thomas, Virginia. 
 
 A lively and busy manufacturing 
 town on the frontier of Tennessee 
 and Virginia ; little of interest to 
 the tourist. The surroundings are 
 picturesque. 
 
 Reached by Norfolk and Western 
 Railway, from Norfolk, via Lynch- 
 burg, in 15 hours. 
 
 Bristol {Pennsylvania). — Bucka 
 County; population (1880), 5,600. 
 
 Hotels: Delaware, Classen, Cot- 
 tage, Railroad. 
 
 A thriving commercial and manu- 
 facturing community on the Dela- 
 ware River opposite Burlington, 
 and at the terminus of the Delaware 
 Division of Pennsylvania Canal, 
 offers little to the tourist. There are 
 two public halls. 
 
 Reached by Pennsylvania Rail- 
 way (New York Branch), from New 
 York, via Jei'sey City, in 2 hours. 
 
 Brooklyn {New York).— King's 
 County; population (1880), 570,000. 
 
 Hotels: Mansion House, Pierrc- 
 pont, Brooklyn Heights, Clinton. 
 
 Restaurants : Habel's, Dieter's. 
 
 Ferries: Wall-street Ferry, Fulton 
 Ferry, and South Ferry. The best is 
 Fulton Ferry, as it communicates 
 with Brooklyn tramways. Besides 
 these principal ones there are about 
 half-a-dozen others. But visitors 
 will prefer to either walk or cross 
 by steam car the Ectst Eiver or 
 Brooklyn Bridge, the latter a ■wonder 
 of engineering skill. 
 
 Conveyances: Tramways from. Ful- 
 ton-street to all parts of the town 
 (fare 5 ct°.) ; Steam Cars are running 
 on Atlant c-avenue, and afford rapid 
 transit (5 cts.), with stations everj- 
 few blocks ; Hackney Carriages must 
 be arranged for by the drive. 
 
 Post Office : Washington-street, 
 near City Hall. 
 
 Medical: Dr.Muiioz, Dr. Stephens. 
 
 Dentist : Dr. Clark. 
 
 Brooklyn, though really a portion 
 or suburb of New York, in 
 virtue of its being the third 
 largest town of the United State.s, 
 claims more than a passing notice. 
 From its accessibility and the 
 moderate rent of its houses com- 
 pared with New York, it is a 
 favourite place of residence with 
 New York business men. The nu- 
 merous and elegant churches, pubUc 
 buildings, and magnificent private 
 dwellings render it equally fashion- 
 
 1 
 
IJlULKilON— HROWXSVILLE. 
 
 51 
 
 I Western 
 d Lynch- 
 
 — liucka 
 ), 5,600. 
 
 son, Cot- 
 
 nd manu- 
 the Dela- 
 irlington, 
 Delaware 
 a Canal, 
 rherc are 
 
 nia Rail- 
 rom New 
 hours. 
 
 - King's 
 I, 570,000. 
 
 5, Pierre- 
 linton. 
 
 eter's. 
 
 •y, Fulton 
 he best is 
 aunicates 
 I Besides 
 ire about 
 visitors 
 
 or cross 
 "River or 
 
 wonder 
 
 cm Ful- 
 le town 
 running 
 rd rapid 
 is everj- 
 yea must 
 e. 
 
 i-street, 
 ephens. 
 
 portion 
 rk, in 
 third 
 States, 
 notice, 
 id the 
 corn- 
 is a 
 e with 
 ?he nu- 
 , public 
 jrivato 
 lishion- 
 
 ablc. Fulton street and avenue, i 
 Flatbush and Clinton avenues arc ' 
 fine thoroughfares. It is situated j 
 across the East River, and at the 
 west end of Long Island, on rising 
 and undulating ground. Settled ir. i 
 1625, near Wallabout Bay l)y Wal- 
 loons, some events of the Revolu- 
 tionary war give interest to some of 
 its localities. The battle of Long 
 Island was fought at the back of the 
 town on the heights, where the 
 united forces were defeated by the 
 English with a loss of 2,(XH) out of 
 5,000. 
 
 Frospect Park is well laid out, 
 and the favourite drive is the 
 Ocean Parkway, extending to 
 Coney Island. Some magnificent 
 views are obtained from here. 
 
 The Suspension Bridge, which is the 
 principal object of interest, connects 
 Brooklyn with New York. Its 
 length, comnrencing in New York, 
 opposite the City Hall, is 6,000 feet, 
 and its width 85 feet. The stone 
 towers are 268 feet high, and the 
 width of span 1,600 feet. From high 
 water mark to the bridge the height 
 is 135 feat. Begun in 1871, its con- 
 struction has taken 14 years, at a 
 total cost of about 17,000,000 dols. 
 
 The City Hall (corner of Court 
 and Fulton streets) and Court House 
 are close by. The latter is built 
 of marble and in the Corinthian 
 order of architecture. The Nacy 
 Yard covers over -iO acres. The Dry 
 Dock is worth inspecting. Several 
 vessels may be seen on the stocks 
 half completed for years. The 
 Marine Hospital on \Valla])0Ut Bay. 
 The Atlantic Dock, fronting Go- 
 vernor's Island, with long granite 
 piers and immense warehouses, 
 should be visited. The Catholic 
 Cathedral (Vanderbilt - avenue), 
 Plymouth Church (Orange-street), 
 Church of the Pilgrims (Remsen- 
 Street) and Holy Trinity Church 
 (Clinton-street) are among the most 
 noteworthy in this City of Churches 
 (nearly 250 in all in Brooklyn). 
 
 The Municipal Buildings or Totcn 
 Hall, next to the Court House, Long 
 Island Historical Society Building in 
 Pierrepont-street, the New Park 
 Theatre, Court Square and Haverley^s 
 Theatre and Academy of Music 
 are all buildings attracting atten- 
 tion. The Mercantile Library, with 
 60,000 volumes aind fine reading 
 
 rooms, ou Montague-s-treet, as ul^o 
 the AcddeDiy of Design, same street, 
 the County Prison in Raymond 
 street, tlie Youny Men's Christian 
 Association, the Penitentiary ii\ Nost- 
 rand-avonuc, and Long Island Colli gt 
 Hospital in Heniy -street ax'e wo "th 
 a visit. 
 
 The Washington Park (;J0 acrc>«), 
 between Myrtle and do Kalb 
 Avenues, was the site of extensive 
 fortifications during the War of In- 
 dependence, of which Fort (Jrceno 
 was the principal. It has some very 
 fine views. Greenwood Cvimttry (by 
 cars from Hamilton Ferry), said to 
 be the most beautiful in the world, 
 on Gowanus Height, extends over 
 500 acres, and was opened in lKi:i. 
 It is beautifully laid out, an<l can be 
 taken as a model for similar es- 
 tablishments. Its main entrance, 
 in Fifth-avenue and Twenty-third- 
 street, is a very fine structnre. Ex- 
 tensive views are afforded by the 
 hills, and the extent of carriage 
 drives is above 19 miles, the foot- 
 paths being 17. There are some su- 
 perior monuments, of which we men- 
 tion Charlotte Canda's, Firemen'^, 
 Pilots, Mad Poet's (Mac Donald 
 Clark), etc. The bestimiu'cssion tVn- 
 a visitor will be obtaii;ed from the 
 main avenue, called '^' The Tour.'' 
 Four miles on the east of Green- 
 wood Cemetery are the Cyprers Hllh 
 and Evergreens Cemetery. 
 
 P^xcursions to Brighton, West 
 Brighton, Coney Islanil, Rockaway 
 Beach, and Manhattan Beaches by 
 frequent trains (see these). 
 
 Reached from New York, by ferry 
 boat from Fulton-street, in 20 
 minutes. 
 
 Brockton {Massachusetts). — Near 
 Boston; population (18S0), 13,008. 
 
 Hotels: Hollbrook, Brockton, 
 Winters. 
 
 A most thriving town, with exten- 
 sive furnicure, shoe and carriage 
 v.'orks, but of little inlerost to the 
 tourist. 
 
 Reached by Old Colony Railway, 
 from Boston, via Braintree, in one 
 hour. 
 
 Brownsville {Tennessee) .—T a it of 
 Harwojd County ; population (1880), 
 2,500. 
 Hotels: Gait, Exchange. 
 

 IHLVDSHAW S UNITED STATES. 
 
 1: 
 
 A thriving manufacturing town, 
 with cotton mills, commercial and 
 agricultural intci-ests. There i.s an 
 Opera House with 1,(XX) seats and 
 some C'lurt Buildings. 
 
 Reached hy Louisville and Nash- 
 ville Railway, from Louisville, in 11 
 hours. 
 
 Brunswick {G corn in). — Seat of 
 Glynn County ; population 3,500. 
 
 lloteh : The Nelson. 
 
 Situated on St. Simon's Sound at 
 the mouth of the Turtle River, it 
 hfls a charming ])osition and i.s 
 principally engaged in timber, 
 cotton, and commission business. 
 The town has nothing worthy of 
 attraction. 
 
 Reached by Erunswick and West- 
 ern Railway, from All)any, via Way- 
 cross, in 8 hours. 
 
 Brunswick (3/rtjH<'). -Androscoggin 
 County; population (1880), 2,.oOO. 
 
 Hotels : Brunswick. 
 
 Bankers: First Naticmal Bank. 
 
 Medical: Dr. R. B. Bibl)er, Dr. 
 Fuller. 
 
 Advantageously situated at the 
 head of the tide-water on Andros- 
 coggin River ; it is a thriving town, 
 principally noteworthy for the Bow- 
 doin College, with a picture gallery, 
 standing in a beautiful grove of old 
 pine-trees. It is worth inspection. 
 It is principally occupied in manu- 
 facture. 
 
 Reached by Boston and Maine, 
 from Portland, in 1| hours. 
 
 Bryan (Texas). — Seat of Brazos 
 County; population (1880), 2,790. 
 
 Hotels: Campbell, Barnett, AVal- 
 dron. Commercial, Prima Vista. 
 
 A thriving commercial com- 
 munity on the Houston and Texas 
 Central Railway, and rapidly in- 
 creasing. There is an Opera. House 
 and an Academy o/ilfw«ic, each with 
 500 seats, but little else of interest 
 to the tourist. 
 
 Reached by Houston and Texas 
 Rftilway, from Houston, «?»<? Hemp- 
 stead, in 4 J hours. 
 
 Brynmawr {Pennsulra)iia).—^\x\Q 
 miles from Philadelphia; popula- 
 tion (1880), 500. 
 
 Hotels: The Brynmawr. 
 
 A rising and very fashionnble 
 summer resort. The surrounding 
 country is beautifully laid out in 
 charming walks and drives. A 
 graded avenue extends toFairmount 
 Park, near Philadelphia, uniting 
 there with Bclmont-avenuo iU 
 principal drive. The Railway Sta- 
 tion is remarkably elegant. 
 
 Reached by Pennsylvania Rail- 
 way, from Philadelphia, in half an 
 hour. 
 
 Bucyrus (0/«o.)— Seat of Crawford 
 County; population, 4,000. 
 
 Hotels: Deal, Western, Monnett. 
 
 A thriving place on the Sandusky 
 River, with large manufacturing 
 and commercial pursuits. There 
 are several mineral springs, and a 
 well of inflammable gas in the neigh- 
 bourhood. A well-i)reserved sj^eci- 
 men of a Mastodon was found here 
 in 1838. There is a public hall with 
 600 seats. 
 
 Reached by Ohio Central Rail- 
 way, from East Tolec o, via Berwick, 
 in 3 hours. 
 
 Buffalo {Netv Fort).— Seat of Eri« 
 County; population (1880), 156,0(K). 
 
 Hotels: Genesee, Mansion, Tifft, 
 Bloomer, Bonney, Continental and 
 St. James'. 
 
 Conveyances: Tramways, through 
 principal streets and to suburbs 
 (5 cts.), diligences to surrounding 
 country towns. Steamboats to the 
 principal ports on the lakes. 
 
 heading Rooms : At Young Men's 
 Christian Association in Main- 
 street. 
 
 Clubs : Union, Sporting. 
 
 Theatres and Amusements : St. 
 James, Academy of Music, Adelphia 
 Hall. 
 
 Music Hall: Main-street. 
 
 Post Office : Corner of Washington 
 and Seneca streets. 
 
 Bankert: First National Bank. 
 
 Doctors : Dr. Graves, Dr. Bevan. 
 
 Buffalo is the third town in size in 
 the State of New York. It is situ- 
 
BRUNSWICK — BURLINGTON. 
 
 53 
 
 ;//f/).— Nino 
 ia; populil- 
 
 -r. 
 
 fashionnMo 
 urroundmtr 
 laid out ill 
 drives. A 
 • Fair mount 
 ia, iinitiiicr 
 avenue iu 
 fiilway Sla- 
 nt. 
 
 ania Rail- 
 in half an 
 
 f Crawford 
 X), 
 
 , Monnett. 
 Sandusky 
 ufaeturin^ 
 s. Thero 
 igs, and a 
 Ltheneiffh- 
 •ved speci- 
 fouud hero 
 c hall with 
 
 tral Rail- 
 I Berwick, 
 
 t of Eri» 
 156,0(X). 
 
 on, Tifft, 
 3ntal and 
 
 throucfh 
 suburbs 
 •oundinfT 
 ts to the 
 
 5. 
 
 ig Men's 
 Main- 
 
 nh: St. 
 Adelphiu 
 
 hington 
 
 ank. 
 
 Bevan. 
 
 size in 
 is situ- 
 
 i 
 
 :itL-d :it the eastern extremity of 
 Lake Krie and western terminus of 
 the Krie Ciinal.on Buffalo Creek, and 
 head of Niayara River, and is the 
 centre of 11 railways. Its harl)our 
 is the lar<rest and safest on the lake, 
 and its wator front is Ave miles lonjf. 
 Its diief element of business is the 
 naviication on the lake, but its 
 manufactures arc also im])ortant, 
 embracing,' brass, iron, tin, antl 
 eo])per wares. Malting and ))rew- 
 ini; form another very important 
 J)ranch. The linKinn or Dockg, ffie 
 WhnrvPM, Grain Elrc(tfor», and some 
 of the iron works arc very interest- 
 ins?, and should l)c visited. The 
 very iMrire ]>assent;er stations of 
 Central and Krie Railways, and 
 their freight stations of immense 
 size, shouM likewise be inspected. 
 
 It was founded iu ISOI l)y the New 
 Holland Land Company, sacked 
 and burned by Indian and ?]nglish 
 forces in 1814, re-built in 1815, and 
 incorporated iu 1832. Since the 
 termination of the Ph'ie Canal its 
 increase has Ijeon verj- rapid. 
 
 The chief thoroughfares are Main- 
 Kfrcet, N'uiijtira and Delaware gtreetx. 
 The lower part of the first is in the 
 business quarter, and the upper 
 part is occupied by private resi- 
 dences, the majority having fine 
 lawns and gardens in front. The 
 town is handsomely built, with 
 broad and straight streets crossing 
 at right angles. Some beautiful 
 residences in the upper part of the 
 town are worthy of notice, and 
 the system of Parkways, which 
 has been laid out in the new 
 quarters, connecting many of the 
 principal squares with each other, 
 and the Park (530 acres) adorned 
 with fine V)ridges, fountains, and 
 drives, should be visited. Near the 
 river, on a hill 60 feet high with 
 rery fine views, is old Fort Porter, 
 where several companies of in- 
 fantry are stationed. 
 
 The principal buildings are : — 
 The City Hall and Court House, of 
 granite, erected in 1880; the Custom 
 House and Post Office ; the Youiicr 
 Men's Christian Association building 
 (Pearl-street) ; the Arsenal, in 
 Broadway; the General Hospital 
 (High-street) ; the State Armoury 
 (Virginia-street) ; the Penitentiary 
 (High-street) ; St. Paul's Cathedral 
 (Pearl-street) ; and St. Joseph's 
 
 Cathedral (Franklin-strect), are 
 very line, amongst a great many 
 others. iS7. Jose/ih's (back of cathe- 
 dral), Ciinisins (WashingKm-street), 
 and Meiliral Colleges (Main-street) 
 are among the leading educational 
 institutions of the town and occupy 
 handsome preniises ; the Buffalo 
 Foiiale Acadenty (Delaware-street), 
 the Jltafhrofe School (Pearl-street), 
 and St. Mary's Aradenn/ (in Church- 
 street), and the State Jfunual School, 
 iTi North-street are also fine. The 
 Jiiiffalo Jlistoricdl Socii /,y and Society 
 of JVdfural Sciences, have largo 
 libraries and valual)le collections. 
 The Grosa nor Library (Main-street), 
 with about 12,000 " volumes, was 
 founded and endowed by SethGros- 
 venor, a citizen of Buffalo. The 
 l)ooks are said to be very rare 
 H])ecimens. The Inyleside Home for 
 Fallon Women (Seneca-strrect), the 
 Church Charity Foundation (Rliotle 
 Island-street) for Aged Women and 
 Orphans, the Orphan Asylum (Vir- 
 ginia-street) and several others are 
 the principal charity institutions 
 and worth a notice. The State 
 Lunatic Asylum (near ButtaloPark) 
 in grounds of 203 acres, with a 
 frontage of 2,7(X) feet, will be the 
 largest of its kind when finished. 
 (Visiting day : Thursdays). 
 
 The International Bridge over 
 Niagara River was comi)'leted iu 
 1873, is an immense structure, 
 and serves four railway companies. 
 Pleasant di'ives to Forest Lawn 
 Cemetery, Black Itock and Fort 
 Frie. .Niagara Falls are 22 miles 
 distant. 
 
 Reached V>y Delaware, Lacka- 
 wanna and Western Railway, 
 from New York, via Scranton, in 
 15 hours. 
 
 Burlington (Iowa). •-Seat of Des- 
 moines County; population (1880), 
 19,450. 
 
 Hotels : Gorham, Barrett, Union. 
 
 Finely situated on the Mississippi 
 River ; it is one of the largest towns 
 in Iowa, and of great commercial 
 importance,with manufacturing and 
 agricultural interests. The business 
 part is upon low ground along the 
 bank of the river, but the residences 
 are on some hills behind, and have 
 some fine views of the river scenery. 
 It is a beautiful town, connected 
 
u 
 
 I? R A DSII A W S U X IT K D STAT ES . 
 
 |tl 
 
 
 with Eiutt Bio'liti;)toa hy an iron 
 Raihcay Jirith/e acroHis tlie river, of 
 superb dimensions. The river is 
 hero a broad and bcantiful stream, 
 and tho liills on ))oth bankf* arc 
 covered with orchards and vine- 
 yards. It is re;iiilarly built and 
 \aid out, and contains an Vniceritlii/ 
 (Baptist), attracting many students, 
 a commcrcinl collojjfe, several 
 churches, and a i)ublic library. 
 Tho Ontifit Opera and New Opera 
 House, Mozart and Union Hall are 
 noteworthy buildings. 
 
 Reached hy Chicago, Burlinjjrfou 
 and Quincy Railway, from St. 
 Louis, eld Keokuk, in 10 houi's. 
 
 Burlington {New Jemei/). — IJuv- 
 lington County; population (iHHO), 
 7,700. 
 
 Hotels : Atkinson's, Belden's, 
 Lutphen's. 
 
 Pleasantly situated on the Dela- 
 ware, oppos'iteBristol, Pennsylvania, 
 and has a prosjjcrous trade in shoe, 
 iron manufactures, and aprricul- 
 tural produce. Some handsome 
 churches and school buildings, and 
 JiurlingtoH College (Episcopal) is 
 worth a visit. Opera House and 
 City Hall arc other prominent build- 
 iuffs. 
 
 Reached by Pennsylvania Rail- 
 way (Aiiiboy Division), from Phila- 
 delphia, in li hours. 
 
 Burlington {Vermont). — ^etyi of 
 Chittenden County ; populatioii 
 (1880), 12,000. 
 
 Hotels: Van Ness, American, 
 Quincy. 
 
 This, the larcrest town in Vermont, 
 is situated on Burlington Baj'', east 
 coast of Lake Champlain, and is a 
 ])ort of entry. Its ]josition on a hill 
 above the lake is beaiitiful. First 
 settled in 1783, it has since become 
 one of the greatest timber markets 
 of the country. The approach from 
 the lake, as it is built in the form of 
 an amphitheatre, is exceedingly 
 picturesque. Tho mills preparing 
 timber for market are extensive 
 and numerous, and tho number of 
 articles of manufactured wood is 
 very extensive. Also cotton mills 
 and marble quarries, etc. The Uni. 
 versity on the top of the hill is the 
 
 principal building, eii Iwwod Iiy the 
 State, with a grant of 20,(KK>aLTes()f 
 laud, and is ^elf-supporting ; used 
 during the War of Independeiict! as 
 an arsenal and bairacks. Burnt in 
 1N21 and rel)Jiilt iti siuiio year, (Jen. 
 Lafayette layiiiir the corner 
 stone. Library, 17,*K)0 volumes, and 
 a collection of u(t,(HM> spcciinoiis in 
 natural history. The viov.- froTu 
 the dome is ciiohauting. The IHI' 
 lings Lihrarg near b^' is a fi'iv struc- 
 ture. The Cathedral of St. .\farg 
 nm\ St. PanTs Church aro line 
 churches, aininr,'' many othov>. On 
 the puVdic sciuare, in ctntre oi' town, 
 are the Court Honfe, l'o»t OJh'ri, and 
 Custom House, as also the Flffcher 
 Library and City Hall, Opt ra House 
 on Church-street, the Haibvay Sta- 
 tion near the wharf, are all fine 
 buildings. The Frocide.ice Orphan 
 Asylum and Lal-e View Retreat are 
 leading charital )le institutions. The 
 Agricultural College, now united with 
 the University, has a library of 
 20,000 volumes. Lake Vnw Cctuctery 
 and fjrreen Mot' lit Cemetery are botti 
 worth a visit. An excursion should 
 be made to the adjoining village 
 of Winooski, close to High Bridge, 
 with a beautiful canon. Burlington 
 is also the seat of a Bishopric. From 
 the hills the view embraces Lake 
 Champlain, the Adiroudacks, and 
 Green Mountains, 
 
 Reached by Central Vermont and 
 New London Northern Railway, 
 from New York, via Montpellier, in 
 4 hours. 
 
 Cairo {Illinois).— Sieat of Alexander 
 County; population (1880), 9,000. 
 
 Hotels: Planter's, HuUiday, Ar- 
 lington, St. Charles. 
 
 Bankers : First National Bank. 
 
 Medical: Dr. George Parker, Dr. 
 W. R. Smith. 
 
 Sitiiated at the southern point of 
 Illinois, on the confluence of the 
 Ohio SiV^d ^Mississippi, on a low 
 Etretch of land, subject to inun- 
 dations, and hence very unhealthy. 
 This probably accounts for the 
 decadence of the place. Vast sums 
 of money were expended upon 
 improvements in levees and dams ; 
 during the Civil War it was an im- 
 portaiit depot for supplies. Tho 
 Custom House, Opera House, and 
 
15LKMNT.T0N— CAMSTOtlA. 
 
 55 
 
 ImWo;! by thu 
 .'(),(KH»a;.T«.'H()f 
 nviiu^ ; used 
 ;])eii(le!H'e jis 
 C8. Hiinit ill 
 10 year, (icii. 
 the curner 
 rolumos, and 
 ■ipeciiiitMis ill 
 ' view from 
 
 itr. The n;f. 
 
 I a fv.vj s:vm-. 
 iif St. Miti'ff 
 vh me fine 
 ■ others. C)n 
 :itreoi" town, 
 '«^ 0/^"'< , and 
 
 the Fletcher 
 Ojiffii Jfouse 
 Biilln-tn/ Std- 
 are all fine 
 Jcice Of/ihiiji 
 
 Jtetreat are 
 .utions. The 
 *• united with 
 \ libraiy of 
 
 i(ic Cciiiiiery 
 ir>f are both 
 rsion should 
 v.n^ villa{?e 
 iigh Bridge, 
 
 Burlington 
 
 opric. Prom 
 
 ■aces Lake 
 
 ducks, and 
 
 jrmont and 
 Railway, 
 itpellicr, in 
 
 Alexander 
 0), 9,0()0. 
 
 iday, Ar- 
 
 1 Bank, 
 'arker, Dr. 
 
 point of 
 ice of the 
 m a low- 
 to inun- 
 nhealthy. 
 for the 
 'ast sums 
 ed upon 
 d dams ; 
 s an im- 
 es. The 
 
 
 tuse. 
 
 and 
 
 Cult nil/ Bn'ldiu<j», ami a few others 
 are noteworthy, but the place pre- 
 isentH few attrnctious. Intended by 
 its fouTideis to become an ciuporium, 
 it never attained greatness, and is 
 now chioHy occupied in manufac- 
 turing and commih^ion business. It 
 is cuunected by a steam ferry with 
 ('olumbu^j oppoHite, and is also a 
 shopping pbicc of the Ohio and 
 Mississippi River Steamers. 
 
 leached by Illinois Central 
 h'.ilwuy, from (Jhii ago, in 9 hours. 
 
 Calaveras Qrove {Californ'm).— 
 Calaveras Countj', near Stockton 
 and Sonorn, whence it is reached 
 by diligences or carriages in 5 
 hours. 
 Jlofeh : Mammotli Grove. 
 Situated IG miles from Murphy's 
 Camp, and being the first dis- 
 covered, most accessible, and having 
 the hotel close by, this is the most 
 frequently resorted to of the Groves 
 in this country. It is also the most 
 extensive and has the largest trees. 
 It covers n space 3,200 feet long by 
 7(X) feet broad and lies in a valley, 
 watered b.v a brook which is dry in 
 summer. There are 00 or 100 large 
 t- es and a great number of small 
 wues. Several have fallen, one was 
 cut down, and one is without its l)ark 
 to the height of UG feet. The bark 
 was exhibited at the Crystal Palace, 
 London ; but burnt during the fire 
 there some years ago. Those two 
 trees were the talle;?t, and now the 
 tallest standing is called "Keystone 
 State," and the largest and finest 
 is the " Empire State." The largest 
 in circumference, "Mother of the 
 Forest," is Gl feet outside the 
 bark at sis feet above the ground. 
 The Grove is 4,759 feet above the 
 level of the sea. The " Keystone 
 State " tree attains to a height of 
 325 feet, ami four others are above 
 300 feet, and 93 trees are of very 
 large size. Five men were occupied 
 22 dp..ys in cutting the tree down, 
 and after it had been dismembered, 
 the five men employed three days 
 in bringing it to fall. Its bark 
 was 18 inches thick. This tree 
 was calculated to be 1,300 j-'esirs 
 old. On the stump a pavilion with 
 a capacious room has been erected. 
 This is the finest Grove, the Mari- 
 }m»a Qrove and StamsJiui» or South 
 
 Grove trees not reaching 3(H> feet. 
 No touri.st while in the noighliour- 
 hood should omit visiting it. 
 
 Reached by Southern Pacific Rail- 
 way, from Sacramento, to Stockt( ii 
 aiul S(m(ni«, iiiGi hours. 
 
 Caldwell {Xnr I'tyrA-) .— Warren 
 County; i)opulati(m (InhO), .'ioo. 
 
 Jlntrln: Lake llotisc, Fort William 
 I!enry, ('ari)enter's. Nelson's, and 
 i'ort (ieorge. 
 
 A small village at the south end 
 of Lake George, chietiy noted for 
 its hotels, and much fre(iucnted in 
 summer. The site of old Fort 
 William Henry is now occupied by 
 the hotel, fiom whose piazzas a 
 magnificent view is obtained ; some 
 of the remnants are still visible, and 
 thei)ictures(iue ruins of Fgrt George 
 are about ha If-a-mile south-east, and 
 the view from here embraces 
 French and Prospect Mountains 
 and Rattlesnake Hill. Fishing and 
 boating ff)rm the chief pastimes 
 during the summer holidays. 
 The scenery of Luki' Gcorrje is very 
 charming and (piiet, and on its 
 borders are seveial i)laces of his- 
 toric and natural interest. 
 
 Reached by Delaware and IIu'l- 
 son Canal Railway, from Saratt)ga, 
 in 2 hours. 
 
 Calistoga ( CaViforuUi ). — Lake 
 County ; population (1880), (i67. 
 
 Hotels: Cosmopolitan, Magnolia. 
 
 A very pretty and charmingly 
 situated town, in a narrow valley, 
 surrounded by mountains and hills 
 covered with' forests. It has good 
 drinking water, and some bath 
 houses supplied by neighbouring 
 springs. Large tepid swimming 
 bath, 40 feet s(juare. The scenery 
 is nnsurpassingly i)icturesque, the 
 cultivation in the low lands con- 
 trasting agrceabl.y with the wild- 
 ness of the rugged mountains. 
 There are numerous springs in the 
 vicinity, amongst which tohite stil- 
 phtir »pri)igs, JIarbiii'K, and others 
 arc worth visiting. The Petrified 
 Forest, one of the great natural 
 wonders of California, lies five miles 
 S.E., and the celebrated Geyser 
 Begion is reached by diligence from 
 here, leaving dail.v. There are a 
 great number of hot and boiling 
 
BRADSHAW S UNITED STATES. 
 
 I ' I 
 
 '»! I 
 
 springs, coutaining mostly sul])hur, 
 magnesia, aluminium, and various 
 salts of iron No visitor should 
 omit to visit this region. 
 
 Reached by California Pacific 
 Railway, from San Francisco, via 
 Napa City, in 2 houx's. 
 
 Calvert {Texas). — Seat of Robertson 
 County; population (1880), 2,:300. 
 
 Hoteh: Calvert, City. 
 
 A thriving commercial and manu- 
 facturing community on the Hous- 
 ton and Texas Central Railway. 
 There are two public Halh and 
 Court and Town Hall buildings, 
 but little to interest the tourist. 
 
 Reached by Houston and Texas 
 Central Railway, from Houston, via 
 Hempstead, in 6 hours. 
 
 Camden {yew Jersey).— Sea.t of 
 Camden County; population (1880), 
 41,650. 
 
 Hotels : West Jersey. 
 
 Situated on the Delaware River 
 opposite Philadelphia, with which 
 it is connected by five ferries. 
 There are extensive shipyards, and 
 manufactories of iron, glass, chemi- 
 cals. A very thriving timber 
 trade is also carried oia. It is 
 a rapidly increasing city. There 
 is an Opera House and several 
 other public halls. The Court House 
 and City Hall offer nothing striking. 
 The largest steel pen manufactory 
 of the States is here. 
 
 Reached by Pennsylvania Rail- 
 way, from New York, -li \\ hours. 
 
 Canandai^ua {New York).— Seat 
 of Ontario County; population 
 (1880), 5,700. 
 
 Hoteh : Seneca Point, Canan- 
 daigua, Wilton Grovo, Woodville. 
 
 Situated on Canandaigua Lakt , it 
 is a flourishing town, remarkable 
 for its elegant buildings and its 
 beautiful situation. It is a very 
 fashionable and much frequented 
 summer resort. The lake is 16 miles 
 long, the banks being covered by 
 vine and orchards. Small steamers 
 ply on it to Woodville and 
 Seneca Point. 
 
 Reached by New York Central 
 and Hudson River Railway, from 
 New iTork, in 10 hours. 
 
 Canon City ( Colorado ) . — Near 
 Pueblo; population (1880), 1,500. 
 
 Hoteh : American, Barton. 
 
 Situated at the mouth of the Grand 
 Canon of the Arkansas, it has little of 
 interest in itself to the tourist. It 
 is chiefly occupied in mining pur- 
 suits. The Grand Canon is caused 
 l)y the Arkansas River cutting its 
 way for almost eight miles through 
 a gorge of solid rocks, the perpen- 
 dicular walls being in some places 
 as much as 3,C0O feet high; the 
 Moyal Gorge is sublime, the rail- 
 way line hanging as it were for 
 2(K) feet in the air on a bridge sus- 
 pended by iron girders driven in the 
 rocks. The silver mines are seen 
 best from Georgetown, and the 
 camps of Bakerville, Empire, Silver 
 Flume, and Argentine are interesting. 
 The mills and furnaces of Spanish 
 liar, MasonviUe, Stewart, the scenic 
 picturesqueness of Twin Lake, Chi- 
 cago Lnkes, Gray's Peak, Griffith's 
 Mountain, and Middle Park are to 
 be reached from here. 
 
 Reached by Atchison , Topeka, and 
 Santa Fd Railway, from Kansas 
 Cit3% via Pueblo, in 21 hours. 
 
 Canton {Ohio). — Seat of Stark 
 County; population (1880), 20,000. 
 
 Hoteh : American, Bamett,Ogden, 
 St. Cloud. 
 
 A beautifully-situated town, on 
 Nemishillen Creeh, surrounded by 
 a very fertile agricultural country. 
 Its trade in wheat is very consider- 
 able, and the flour mills and other 
 manufactories employ a great num- 
 ber of hands. Bituminous coal 
 mines and limestone quarries are 
 in the vicinity. There is an Opera 
 House; but not much to interest 
 the tourist. 
 
 Reached by Pittsburg, Fort Wayne 
 and'Chicago Railway, from Chicago, 
 vid Fort Wayne, in 16 hours. 
 
 Canton. {Mississippi). — Seat C I Madi- 
 son County ; poi)ulation (1880),2,100. 
 
 Hotels: City, European, Single- 
 ton. 
 
 A thriving to^m on the Chicago, 
 
 St. Louis, and New Orleans Rail- 
 
 I way, largely engaged in agricultural 
 
 1 produce and cotton trade, also some 
 
CALVKRT — CAKBONDALK. 
 
 57 
 
 'o). — Near 
 iO), 1,500. 
 
 irton. 
 
 of the Grand 
 has little of 
 
 tourist. It 
 tnninsf pur- 
 i?i is caused 
 
 cutting its 
 lies throu<?h 
 the peri^en- 
 iome places 
 J hiph ; the 
 iC, the rail- 
 it were for 
 bridge sus- 
 iriveii in the 
 OS are seen 
 !, and the 
 ipire, Silver 
 interesting. 
 i of Spa nigh 
 ', the scenic 
 a Lake, Chi- 
 le, Griffith's 
 Park are to 
 
 ropeka, and 
 om Kansas 
 
 purs. 
 
 of Stark 
 jO), 20,000. 
 
 ett.Ogden, 
 
 town, on 
 
 [ounded by 
 
 A country. 
 
 consider- 
 and other 
 
 reat num- 
 inous coal 
 larries are 
 
 an Opera 
 io interest 
 
 [ort Wayne 
 Chicago, 
 
 irs. 
 
 itcfMadi- 
 |880), 2,100. 
 
 I, Single- 
 Chicago, 
 kans Rail- 
 Iricultural 
 lalso some 
 
 nuiuufafturiug. The Odd Fellous' 
 Hall is the largest Ijuilding. 
 
 Reached by Illinois Central Rail- 
 way, fr«m New Orleans, via Kenncr, 
 in U.\ hour;^. 
 
 Cape Arundel ( Frj ///<>). — Near 
 Dover. 
 
 Hotels : Ocean Bluff. 
 
 A small sea-bathing place on a 
 bold promontory, much visited in 
 summer on account of its excel'ent. 
 !)atliing, fishing, and boating. 
 
 Reached by Boston and Mahie 
 Railway, from Boston, via Lawren c 
 and Dover, in '6\ hours. 
 
 Cape Elizabeth {Maine).— y: cat 
 Portland, population (1880), 5,3(K). 
 
 Hotels: Ocean, Capo Cottage. 
 
 Situated on the south side of Port- 
 land HarlK)ur, it is considered as 
 part of Portland, it being within easy 
 driving distance. Very renowned 
 as a summer resort, and affording 
 excellent sea-bathing and tishing. 
 
 Reached by carriage from I'ort- 
 land in half an hour. 
 
 Cape May {New Jersey). — Cape May 
 County ; population (1880), 1,700. 
 
 Hotels: Columbia, Congress Hall, 
 Stockton, Arlington, Sawyer's, 
 (Jhalfonte, "Windsor, West Knd, 
 Arctic, Wyoming, Clarendon, Mer- 
 chants, and National ; charges at 
 these 3 dols, and 4 dols. per day; 
 there are also boarding houses, with 
 charges varying between 10 dols. 
 t;nd 18 dols. por week. 
 
 Cape May is the most southern 
 point of New Jersey. It is to Phila- 
 delphians what Long Branch is 
 to New Yorkers, and is situated at 
 the entrance to Delaware Bay The 
 beach is five miles in lengtl hard 
 and smooth, and of fine sand. The 
 bathing is excellent, the surf gentle, 
 and the water supposed to bo less 
 chilling than at other i){)ints of the 
 coast. The fashionable baiuing 
 hours are from 11 a.m. till 1 p.m. 
 A long promenade runs parallel to 
 the water front, and is thronged 
 by promenaders, riders and car- 
 riages in the early forenoon or late 
 afternoon. Society congregating 
 here is mostly composed of South- 
 
 ern and Western i)eople, more 
 especially from Philadelphia. It is 
 more sedate than either Long Branch 
 or Saratoga, and less formal than 
 New]iort. There are a great many 
 tine villas, six churches, and several 
 other l)uilding8 of note. The drives 
 are generally from Poverty Beai'h 
 to Diamond Beach (10 mifes), ai.<l 
 several inland, the roads having 
 been much improved. Other places 
 in the vicinity are Schellitiger^s 
 Zaiidi/ifj, Cold Spring and Sai 
 Grove. 
 
 Reached by West Jersey Railway 
 (F°rry Market-street), from l»hila- 
 delphia, in 2 hours. 
 
 Capon Springs {l'!ri/lina).—'Ncf\r 
 Winchester ; population (1«80), 300. 
 
 Hotels : Mountain Hciu-e. 
 
 Charmingly situated at' the foot 
 of the North Mountain, it is a 
 highly popular resort, on account 
 of its alkali-saline waters, contain- 
 ing some iodine and bromine, as 
 also for its invigorating air and 
 pleasant surroundings. The waters 
 are serviceal)le in cases of derange- 
 ment of the nervous sj-stem, chronic 
 diarrhoea, gravel, intestinal troubles 
 and dyspepsia. The ])athing estab- 
 llshment is an extensive building, 
 with colonnades and piazzas in front 
 280 feet long,parlours, smoking,etc., 
 rooms for the use of bathers. The 
 Sea Table, Cardt/'s Castle, and other 
 excursions are within easy access. 
 
 Reached by Baltimore and Ohio 
 Railway, from Baltimore, via Win- 
 chester, in 5^ hours. 
 
 Carbondale {Fennslyvania). — 
 
 Lackawanna County ; population 
 
 (1880), 8,0(»'». 
 
 Hotels: Amei'ican, Harrison. 
 
 Situated near the mouth of the 
 Lackawanna River, and lieing at 
 the northern end of the anthracite 
 coal region it is chietiy engaged in 
 iron manufacture, railway shops 
 and commercial pursuits, and con- 
 sequently Cxfers little of attraction 
 to the tOui'ist. The Gravity Hail way 
 to Honesdale over the mountains is 
 noteworthy. 
 
 Reached by North Pennsylvania 
 Railway, from Philadelphia, via 
 Bethlehem and Scr; nton, in 7 
 hours. 
 
!t ' 
 
 58 
 
 BRADSHAW S UNITED STATES. 
 
 4 
 
 I' I 
 
 ill 
 1' I 
 
 Carlisle {Penndi/mnia). — Seat of 
 Cumberland County ; population 
 7,500. 
 
 Hoteh: Mansion, Florence, Thu- 
 rtrium, American, Pennsylvania, 
 Letort, Washington, Franklin, 
 Gasber. 
 
 A well-built town in the centre of 
 Cumberland Valley, with agricul- 
 tural and maiiiifacturing interests. 
 The highly cultivated surrounding 
 country is level and very fertile ; 
 it has wide shaded streets, and the 
 County BuiWnys and other public 
 institutions are on the public 
 square. In it is the Momimeut to 
 the soldiers who fell in the Civil 
 War. Dickinson's College, a plain 
 building, founded in 1785, has a 
 library of 26,000 volumes, and is 
 very much frequented by students. 
 The Barracks, built in 1777, can 
 accommodate 2,000 men. It played 
 a prominent part in the War of 
 Independence, when it was for a 
 time the head-quarters of Wash- 
 ington. 
 
 Reached by the Baltimore and 
 Ohio Railway, from Baltimore, via 
 Martinsburg,' in 6i hours. 
 
 Carlyle (Illinois). — Near Vincenncs; 
 population (1880), 2,000. 
 
 Hotels: American, Commercial. 
 
 A thriving to'»vn on the Kaskaskia 
 River, in a fine level country. It 
 has a very prosperous timber trade, 
 logs being floated to this point. The 
 saw mills are very important, and 
 the prepared timber is sent to St. 
 Louis. 
 
 Reached by Ohio and Mississippi 
 Railway, from St. Louis, via Vincen- 
 ncs, in 6 hours. 
 
 Carmel {New York).— S,eat of Put- 
 nam County; population (1880), 
 600. 
 
 Hotels: Carmel. 
 
 Much freciuented as a summer 
 resort. Notwithstanding its limited 
 population, it has a Court 
 House, several banks, newspaper 
 otfices, seminaries, etc. Lake Glen- 
 eida, close by, is the chief attraction. 
 
 Reached by New York City and 
 Northern Railway, from New York, 
 in 3 hours. 
 
 Carmi (/^/j«o;,s).— Seat of White 
 County; population (1880), 2,50*. 
 
 Hotels : Damon. 
 
 A thriving town on the Little 
 Wabash River, with manufacturing 
 and agricultural interests. Has 
 some public buildings, and two 
 halls, but little of interest to the 
 tourist. 
 
 Reached by Louisville and NiiJ^li- 
 ville Railway, from St. Louis, <-•*? 
 Shawnee Junction, in 7 hours. 
 
 Carson (iVerfJi/).— Capital of Ne- 
 vada; population (1880), 4,500. 
 Hoteh : Nevada. 
 
 A very thriving town in the heait 
 of the mining region. It has a 
 Court House, Capitol, United States 
 Mint, and ChurcTies, School Build' 
 ings, and some handsome private 
 residences. The State Prison is 
 also noteworthy, and is 2\ miles 
 distant. Excursions to Lake Tahoe 
 with exquisite scenery, 6,000 feet 
 above the sea level ; several small 
 steamers circumnavigate the lake. 
 Also starting point for Virginia Citg. 
 (See this.) 
 
 Reached by Virginia nnd Truckee 
 Railway, from Reno, in i hour. 
 
 Carthage(J/!*so?/r/).— Seat of Jasper 
 County; population (1880), 4,210. 
 
 Hotels: Harrington, Karr, City. 
 
 A thriving mantifacturing town 
 on Spring River, whence it obtains 
 the water power to drive its numer- 
 ous flour and woollen mills, 
 machine shops, manufactories of 
 agricultural implements, carriages, 
 etc. There is an Opera House and 
 another large Hall. It is increasing 
 rapidly. 
 
 Reached by St. Louis and San 
 Francisco Railway, from St. Louis, 
 via Springfield and Peircc City, in 
 V^\ hours. 
 
 Casselton (D^rX-o/a//).— Near Fargo 
 population (1880), 2,800. 
 
 Hotels : Merchants, Planters, 
 Casselton, 
 
 A very thriving and rapidly 
 increasing place, very busy anil 
 enterijrising, important as a grain 
 shipping port on the Yellowstone 
 River for the surrounding agri- 
 
 1 
 
 I 
 
of Wliite 
 tSO), 2,oO»). 
 
 I the Little 
 nufacturiii.y 
 rests. Has 
 5, and two 
 srest to the 
 
 e and Nasli- 
 . Louis, en 
 
 ' hours. 
 
 ital of No- 
 >), 4,50(). 
 
 in the heart 
 It has a 
 United States 
 k-hool Build- 
 onie private 
 'e Prison is 
 
 is 2-J miles 
 D Lake Tahoe 
 7, 6,000 feet 
 iveral small 
 ite the lake. 
 Virginia Citi/. 
 
 nnd Truckce 
 
 inn 
 
 - hour. 
 
 eat of Jasper 
 
 iSO), 4,210. 
 
 :arr, City. 
 
 uring town 
 •e it obtains 
 le its numer- 
 lllen mills, 
 factories of 
 ., carriages, 
 House and 
 increasing 
 
 IS and San 
 
 St. Louis, 
 
 ■c City, in 
 
 ^ear Fargo 
 
 Planters, 
 
 Id rapidly 
 
 busy and 
 
 is a grain 
 
 fellowslone 
 
 ling agri- 
 
 CARLiSLi: — CATSKILL MOUNTAIN'S. 
 
 50 
 
 cultural districts. Otherwise noth- 
 ing of interest for the tourist. 
 
 Reached by Northern Pacific 
 Railway, from St. Paul, cid Moor- 
 head, ill 12 hours. 
 
 Castletoii {Vcry.w.if).— Near Rut- 
 land; I,. j!,!.ihiticu (1^^0),700. 
 
 ][')fi.'h : Lake B'mioscen. 
 
 Pleasantly situated on a plain 
 near the Castletou River. This 
 neatly-built village has five churches 
 and a Normal school, and is sur- 
 rounded l)y ])leasant scenery. Near 
 l)y is Lake Bomoscru, fnmed for line 
 ti'shing and l)oating. Extensive 
 slate quarries are carried on in the 
 neighV>ourhood. 
 
 Reached by Rensselaer and Sara- 
 toga Railway, from Albany, in 2i 
 hours. 
 
 Castine (3/./ /.■'/•) .—Near Rockland; 
 ])Opulation (18bUj, 700. 
 
 Hotels : Ocean House. 
 
 A very pretty village on a penin- 
 sula in Owl's Head Bay, an inlet of 
 Penobscot Bay. Much frequented 
 in summer for its invigorating air, 
 seclusion, boating and fishing. 
 
 Rciichcd by steamer, from Rock- 
 land, iii 3 hours. 
 
 Catasauqua (Pennsli/cania). — 
 
 Lehigh County; population (1880), 
 4,000. 
 
 Hoteh: American, Eagle, Man- 
 .•^ion, Catasauqua, Pennsylvania. 
 
 A very busy town, with extensive 
 iron works, furnaces and railway 
 carriage works. There is a Town 
 Hall, but little else of interest to the 
 tourist. 
 
 Reached by Lehigh Valley Riiil- 
 way, from Philadelphia, via Beth- 
 lehem, in '6i hours. 
 
 C at awi S S a {Fen n sylca u ia ) . — Near 
 Pottsville; population (1880), 1,.500. 
 
 Hoteh : Catawissa. 
 
 A thriving agricultural village, 
 picturesquely situated at the con- 
 fluence of the Catawissa Creek and 
 Susquehanna River, only interest- 
 ing for its charmintr surroundings. 
 
 Reached by Philadelphia and 
 Reading Railway, from Philadel- 
 phia, (V(/ Port Clinton, in 5^ hours. 
 
 Catskill {New York). — Near Athens, 
 Greene County; population (ISSO), 
 ■4,500. 
 
 Hoteh: Grand Hotel, Irving, 
 Prospect Park. 
 
 This, the best entrance to the 
 Catskill Mountains, is a pleasantly 
 situated village at the mouth of the 
 Catskill Creek. The scenery around 
 is very charming ; the place itself 
 has nothing to attract. The 
 hotels are mostly so situated as 
 to have a view of the mountains. 
 
 Reached by New York Central 
 and Hudson River Railway, from 
 New York, in 3 hours. 
 
 Catskill Mountains (A>«- York). 
 — An agglomeration of mountains, 
 lakes, and rivers in Greene Count}', 
 and partly in Ulster County. 
 
 Hotels: Prospect Park, in Cats- 
 kill; Mountain House, one mile west 
 of Catskill, at Mountain House 
 Station ; Kaaterkill, near the latter ; 
 Overlook Mountain House on Over- 
 look Mountain ; Winchilsea House, 
 and Grand View Hotel at Palen- 
 ville; Roggon's Hotel, at Stony 
 Clove, and several others. 
 
 From Catskill the mountains can 
 be reached either by rail (u* by dili- 
 gences or carriages. The latter 
 mode of conveyance is generally 
 preferred, as it offers more advan- 
 tages of enjoying the scenery. 
 
 These mountains, besides tlieir 
 lovely scenery, have a peculiar 
 interest to the Americans, on 
 account of the many legends and 
 stories connected with them and the 
 Hudson River. These have been 
 made household stories by 
 "Washington Irving as much iis 
 the iegeiuls of the Rhino 
 have been in Germany. They were 
 named by the Dutch Kaats- 
 bergs, owing to the great 
 number of wild cats found 
 here in the time of the early settle- 
 ments. The beauty of their scenery 
 is indescribable, and, being easy of 
 access and soon explored, their 
 popularity, C5:^)ecially with New 
 Yorkers, is easily accounted for. 
 They rise to an elevation of al)OHt 
 4,00i) feet, and the vegetation is 
 everywhere of th-o richest. 
 
 The principal points of excursions 
 arc — Mountain H)Ute, with a really 
 
1 V 
 
 60 
 
 IJDADSHAW S UNITED STATES. 
 
 
 i !| 
 
 prood view ; South Mountain and 
 High Peak, the highest of the peaks, 
 and offering the best view of the 
 region. Catfernkill FalU and Tiro 
 Lakes, the Bastion Falls; Haines 
 Falls, very charming, and much 
 frequented by artists, the stream 
 falling in different parts to, in all, a 
 depth of 470 feet. CattersklU Clove, 
 Fawn Leap Falls, Plattekill Clove, 
 Black Chasm Falls, Stony Clove, and 
 Hunter Mountain all well repay the 
 trouble of visiting them. 
 
 In the season—June to October— 
 these mountains are, so to speak, 
 the playground of New Yorkers. 
 The fishing is good, and accom- 
 modation not too expensive. There 
 is also some boating. 
 
 Reached by New York Central and 
 Hudson River Railway, from New 
 York to Catskill, in 3 hours. 
 
 Cave City {Kentuckii).—^eviv Mum- 
 fordsville ; population (1880), 2,560. 
 
 Hotels: The Cave Hotel. 
 
 A small town, only noteworthy as 
 being the nearest railway station to 
 the Mammoth Caves or Gi'ofto, 
 whence they are distant nine miles. 
 which are traversed by; omnibus. 
 It is one of the most interesting 
 sights in the world, being consider- 
 ably more extensive than the cele- 
 brated Adelsberg Grotto in Austria. 
 They are said to extend over 200 
 miles in all their turns and curves. 
 (For further information see Mam- 
 moth Cave.) 
 
 Reached by Louisville and Nash- 
 ville Railway, from Louisville, in 3 
 hours. 
 
 Cedar Falls (Jowa).— Black Hawk 
 County; population (1880), 3,500. 
 
 Hotels : Commercial, Davis. 
 
 A thriving manufacturing and 
 agriculturaltown on both sides of 
 the Cedar River. There are two 
 public halls. 
 
 Reached by Burlington, Cedar 
 Rapids and Northern Railway, from 
 Burlington, in 6^ hours. 
 
 Cedar Keys ( Florida ). — Levy 
 County; population (1880), 1,800. 
 
 Hotels: Suwannee. 
 Situated on one of the group of 
 islands iu the Gulf of Mciiico, form 
 
 ing the northern Iwundary of Wac- 
 cassa Baj\ It lies 15 miles south 
 of the mouth of the Suwannee River, 
 known as the Cedar Keys. It is the 
 gulf terminus of the Florida Central 
 and Western Railway, and owing t(j 
 its invigorating sea air and mild 
 climate is a winter station for rheu- 
 matic patients anrl those suffering 
 from pulmonaiy complaints. It has 
 good facilities for boating and sea- 
 bathing, and inexhaustible opportu- 
 nities for hunting and fishing. Its 
 principal occupations are com- 
 merce in cedar and pine woods 
 for pencil manufacture, sponges, 
 turtles, and fish. Its climate re- 
 sembles that of Jacksonville. 
 
 Reached by Florida Railway, from 
 Jacksonville, via Waldo, in li hours. 
 
 Cedar Rapids (Towa). — Linn 
 County ; population (1880), 15,000. 
 
 Hotels : Grand, Pullman, Rail- 
 road, North- Western. 
 
 A rapidly growing town on Red 
 Cedar River, regularly laid out and 
 well built, which promises to 1)ecome 
 one of the most important in Iowa. 
 It has extensive trade with the sur- 
 rounding country, and several pork- 
 packing establishments and large 
 Hour niills. The Opera House is 
 worthy of notice. 
 
 Reached by Burlington, Cedar 
 Falls and Northern Railway, from 
 Burlington, in i hours. 
 
 Centralia {Illinois). — Marion 
 County; population (1880), 3,700. 
 
 Hotels : Occidental, Centralia. 
 
 A busy little town, and a centre of 
 the peach trade. The surrounding- 
 country is very fertile, and the cul- 
 tivation of fruit is carried on very 
 extensively. There is also a coal 
 mine and several manufactories. 
 Important Railway Junction. Opera 
 House. 
 
 Reached by Illinois Central Rail- 
 way, from Chicago, via Champaign, 
 in II hours. 
 
 Central City {Colorado). — Near 
 Golden and Denver; population 
 (1880), 2,700. 
 
 Hotels : Teller. 
 
 A flourishing mining town, beauti- 
 fullj"" situated on the mountain slopes, 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
CAVE CITY — CHAMPLAIN LAKE. 
 
 ,ry of Wac- 
 Qiles south 
 mee River, 
 5. It is the 
 Ida Central 
 1(1 owinix to 
 
 ami mild 
 ill fur rlieu- 
 5e suffcrinf^ 
 ints. It has 
 [ig and sea- 
 o\q opportu- 
 ishing. Its 
 
 are com- 
 aine woods 
 e, sponges, 
 climate re- 
 iville. 
 
 lihvay, from 
 , inii hours. 
 
 ra). — Linti 
 180), 15,000. 
 
 Imau, Rail- 
 
 3WT1 on Red 
 laid out and 
 
 ses to become 
 
 tant in Iowa. 
 
 ,vith the sur- 
 
 everal pork- 
 
 s and large 
 
 a House is 
 
 |gton. Cedar 
 ihvay, from 
 
 Marion 
 580), 3,700. 
 
 fentralia. 
 
 Id a centre of 
 surrounding- 
 land the cul- 
 fied on very 
 
 also a coal 
 Inufactories. 
 
 jtion. Opera 
 
 [Central Rail- 
 Champaign, 
 
 ^o). — Near 
 population 
 
 Iwn, beauti- 
 \tain slopes, 
 
 and 8,300 feet above the sea level. A 
 great number of Quartz Milh, United 
 States Land and Assay Office. Trade 
 is very active, and the principal ob- 
 jects of interest arc : Jamai Peak, with 
 very extensive views, the Great Sierra 
 Madre Tunnel, Black Hawk, Nevada' 
 cille and Itollinsmlle. 
 
 Reached by Union Pacific Rnilwiiy, 
 from Denver, via Golden, in 'i\ hours. 
 
 Centre Moriches {New York).— 
 On Long Island; population (1880), 
 700. 
 
 Hotels : Ocean, Havens, Moriches, 
 Long Island, Baldwin. 
 
 A much-frequented summer re- 
 sort, with good fishing and sea- 
 bathing, situated near the curious 
 Lake lioukoukoma and Yaphuuk. 
 Hunting is also a great pastime. 
 
 Reached by Long Island Railway, 
 from Brooklyn, via Springfield, in 
 'i\ hours. 
 
 Centre Harbour {New Hampshire). 
 —Near Wolfboro ; population (1880), 
 500. 
 Hotel : The Senter House. 
 
 A highly popular summer lake- 
 bathing resort, but of very small 
 dimensions. It commands charming '• 
 views of the scenery of Lake Winiic- 
 pcsaukee and surroundings. The 
 sojourn is both very good and ex- 
 tremely cheap. The chief objects of 
 attraction are Squam Lake and Eed 
 Hill, and there is good fishing and 
 boating. Steamers to Weirs, Alton 
 Bay, and "Wolfboro. 
 
 Reached by Boston and Maine 
 Railway, from Boston, via Wolfboro, 
 in 6i hours. 
 
 Chambersburg {Penusylvania).— 
 Seat of Franklin County ; popula- 
 tion (18S0), 7,500. 
 
 Hotels: National, Washington, 
 Montgomery, Indian Queen, Frank- 
 lin. 
 
 Pleasantly situated on the Cone- 
 cocheague Creek, in a very popu- 
 lous and highly-cultivated country, 
 forming part of the great Limestone 
 Valley at the foot of the Blue Moun- 
 tains. The houses are mostly of 
 brick and stone, the streets are well 
 laid out, and there'are several manu- 
 
 factories of cotton, wool, paper, iron, 
 etc. The Wilson College (for young 
 ladies) is much fre(iuented, and the 
 Court House is a handsome c<lifice. 
 It played a conspicuous ]iiirt 
 in the wars of 18G2-Ct, and was 
 cai)tured and burnt. 
 
 Reached by Cumberland Valley 
 Railway, from Harrisbiirg, in 2 
 hours. 
 
 Champaign (f///«o;»).— Cham]iaign 
 County; population (1880), 5,100. 
 
 Hotels : Moore, Dcane, Scott. 
 
 This rapidly increasing town, an 
 important railway junction, has a 
 large interest in manufactures and 
 agricultural pursuits. The Uniirr- 
 siti/ of Illinois is situated liere. also a 
 Female Academy, aPtiblic Library, 
 and four newspa]>ers. An Opera 
 House and a Music Jfall, 
 
 Reached by Illinois Central Rail- 
 way, from Chicago, via Kui.k;ikee, 
 in 5 hours. 
 
 Champlain {New York) .-CVmion 
 County; population (1880), 1,5(X\ 
 
 Hotels: Champlain House, Amgri- 
 can. Mansion. 
 
 A small manufacturing and com- 
 mercial community on Lake Chani])- 
 luin, much resorted to as summer 
 ([uarters, and interesting for the 
 surroumling scenery and hiiftoric 
 events during the War of Indepen- 
 dence. 
 
 Reached bj* Ogdonsburg and Lake 
 Champlain Railway, from Ogdens- 
 l)urg, via Norwood, in t hours. 
 
 Champlain Lake {New York).— 
 Between Vermont and New York 
 States, and in the northern ex- 
 tremity of New York. 12G miles long, 
 and between one-half to 12^ miles 
 broad. 
 
 Hotels: Ticonderoga at Fort 
 Ticonderoga, Weed House at West- 
 port, Foucpiet House at Plattsburg, 
 j and several others. 
 
 Lake Champlain is less attractive 
 in bold and beautiful scenery than 
 Lake George, yet it is charming in 
 its quiet repose. 'J'he Qreen Moun- 
 tains are on its Vermont and the 
 Adirondacks on the New York shore, 
 its banks are verv irregular, and 
 the surface covered with a great 
 
62 
 
 BRADSHAW S UNITED STATES. 
 
 ■'!|i 
 
 h i 
 
 uumhov of small islands. Fort 
 Ticonderoga , s the soxithern point 
 of the lake, and though it extends 
 still further south, this part re- 
 Hembles more a river than a lake. 
 The steamboat accommodation on 
 the lake is very numerous and good. 
 Fort TiroHilerof/a, Mount Defiance, 
 and Moxnt Intlependence, also Mount 
 Hope, all played a part in the wars 
 with England, and the views 
 afforded by them is well wortli an 
 ascent. ShoreJiam, Crown Point, 
 Ckimnri/ Point, Port Henri/, We»t- 
 port, Split Eock (a portion of a rock 
 isolated by a fissure forming an 
 island), Burlington, Port Kent, 
 Vdlconr Island, Plattshurg, Chiiztf 
 L'tke and Chateanguay Luke are all 
 worthy of a visit if the tourist has 
 time. 
 
 Reached by Ogdensburg and Lake 
 Champlain Railway, from Ogdens- 
 burg, in 4i hours. 
 
 Chariton {Totva). — Seat of Lucas 
 County ; population (18&0), 3,000. 
 Hotel: Bates. 
 
 A manufacturing town on Chari- 
 ton River, well laid out and built, 
 and with a few public biiildings, 
 amongst which the Opera House with 
 iKK) seats. 
 
 Reached by Chicago, Burlington, 
 and Quincy Railway, from Chicago, 
 via Creston, in 18 hours. 
 
 Charleston (South Carolina). — Scat 
 of Chai'lestoii County j population 
 (L880), 50,000. 
 
 Hotels : Pavilion, Charleston, 
 Waverley. 
 
 Conveyances : Tramways traverse 
 the chief parts of the town (5c. 
 fare) ; Omnibus at the railway 
 stations and landing-stages to any 
 part of the town (50c. fare, includ- 
 ing luggage). 
 
 Amusements: Academy of Music, 
 Hibernian Hall, German Hall 
 
 Seading Rooms and Library: The 
 former at the hotels and at the 
 library in Broad and Church streets. 
 
 Clubs : The Charleston Club, 
 Meeting-street, near Battery, and 
 German Artillery Company, Went- 
 ■ worth-street. 
 
 Post Office: At foot of Broad- 
 street. 
 
 Englixh Consul: U. P. Walker, 
 Consul. 
 Bankers : First National Bank. 
 3fedical .- Dr. Murrny, Dr. Stevens. 
 Dentist : Dr. C. C. Jones. 
 
 The town of Charleston, the chief 
 commercial centre of South Caro- 
 lina, and one if not the principal 
 port of cotton Bhip])ing, is charm- 
 ingly situated at the confluence of 
 the Ashley and Cooper rivers, which 
 form a very safe harbour. It is 
 tolerably regularly laid out, and the 
 streets mostly cross at right angles 
 and arc paved in the Belgian 
 fashion. Most of the houses, being 
 built of bricks or wood, are situated 
 in gardens with trees and shrubs. 
 King and Meeting streets are the 
 chief thoroughfares : the former for 
 retail stores, and frequented also as 
 a promenade, the latter for whole- 
 sale Ijusincss. Banks, brokers, in- 
 surance otUces, and merchants' 
 counting-houses are in Broad- 
 street. 
 
 Charleston was settled in 1679, by 
 an English colony, under William 
 Sayle, who was its first governor. 
 It was the scene of many conflicts 
 in its earlier days, and during the 
 Revolutionary War it resisted three 
 attacks, but was finally taken bj* 
 the British forces in 1780. The har- 
 bour is well protected by Castle 
 Pinckney, Forts Ripley and Moul- 
 trie. The ruined walls of Fort Sum- 
 ter iwc the most conspicuous object, 
 as having played a very important 
 part in the Civil Wars 1862-61; it 
 having been the opening scene of 
 the greatest civil war of modem 
 times. 
 
 Its site of the city is seven miles 
 from the sea, and, as with New 
 York,the Buttery is the first striking 
 object. It commands a fine view, and 
 is surrounded by many handsome 
 private residences. It is on the 
 water's edge, and consequently a 
 very popular promenade. The 
 roads (with fine trees, sub-tropical 
 shrubs and flowers) , running along- 
 side the Cooper and Ashley rivers, 
 afford principal and interesting 
 drives. The drives on Sullivan's 
 Islands and across the Iron 
 Bridge on Ashley river are also 
 charming, and the latter is so far 
 very interesting, as it affords a 
 view of the old plantations. 
 
 ^ 
 
CHARITON — CUAKLOTTK 
 
 G:^> 
 
 Walker, 
 
 Bank. 
 
 Stevens. 
 
 the chief 
 Lth Caro- 
 principal 
 s charm- 
 lueuce of 
 rs, which 
 ir. It is 
 ;, and the 
 hi angles 
 Belgian 
 es, being 
 } situated 
 L shrubs. 
 5 are the 
 ormer for 
 Bd also as 
 )r whole- 
 )kers, in- 
 erchants' 
 Broad- 
 
 Q 1679, by 
 
 r William 
 
 governor. 
 
 I conflicts 
 
 Liring the 
 
 ted three 
 
 taken bj' 
 
 The har- 
 
 j Castle 
 
 nd Moul- 
 
 h)'t Sum- 
 
 s object, 
 
 portant 
 
 62-64; it 
 
 scene of 
 
 modern 
 
 'cn miles 
 lith New 
 
 striking 
 ^iew, and 
 
 mdsome 
 on the 
 hently a 
 ie. The 
 
 •tropical 
 
 ^g along. 
 
 rivers, 
 
 Ie resting 
 
 lillivan's 
 
 Iron 
 
 ire also 
 Is BO far 
 
 fords a 
 
 The buildings of Charleston, on 
 the whole, are not very imposing, 
 and the most im])ortant one i.s, 
 perhaps, the Cify Hall, at the inter- 
 section of Broad and Meeting 
 streets. On the north-west 
 corner the Court House; on the 
 south-east the old »S7. MIcJhhTh 
 Church, built in 1752, from designs 
 of a pupil of Sir Christopher Wren ; 
 on the south-west the Quurd lluune, 
 the Police Station. The tower of St. 
 Michael's is very fine, and affords a 
 very extensive view. Other churches 
 are St. Phillip's in Church-street, 
 with an old graveyard, where most 
 of South Carolina's public men are 
 buried ; St. Fiuhar's in mains. Broad- 
 street ; the Citadel Square Church 
 in Meeting-street ; the German Lu- 
 theran in Archdale-street ; the Cen- 
 tral Presbyterian in Meeting-street, 
 and several others, are all note- 
 worthy. 
 
 The Cmtom House, on the Cooper 
 River, near Market-wharf, of white 
 marble, in the Roman Corinthian 
 style, is the most elaborate edifice 
 in the toAvn, and cost over 
 3,000,000 dols. ; the Chamber of Com- 
 merce is a buildiog in Broad and 
 East Bay streets ; the Academy of 
 Music, corner of King and Market 
 streets, one of the finest of its kind 
 in the South ; the Orphan House, in 
 a spacious garden between Calhoun 
 and Vanderhorst streets ; the Me- 
 dical College, corner of Queen and 
 Franklin streets ; the Charleston 
 College, end of George-street ; the 
 City Hospital, County Gaol, jRoper 
 Hospital, Queen and Logan streets, 
 the Workhouse, in Magazine-street ; 
 the Market Hall is a very fine co- 
 vered market, and should be visited 
 between 6 and 9 a.m. It offers a very 
 characteristic sight to the tourist ; 
 the Society Hall is in Meeting-street, 
 with its colonnade and portico and 
 fine interior. 
 
 Washington Park and Marion 
 Square are leading promenades ; 
 White Point Garden on the Battery 
 has fine promenades and some sta- 
 tues ; Magnolia Cemetery just at the 
 outskirts of the town, is very 
 extensive ; St. John's Church, is quite 
 isolated, and 15 miles from town, 
 in the depth of the forest, built in 
 1711, bears the Royal arms of 
 England, which saved it from de- 
 Btructipn in the War of Independ- 
 
 ence; the Oak Avenue, near liv, is 
 also celebrated, and its trees arc 
 said to be over 200 years old. 
 
 A steamer runs every hour to Xea- 
 Brighton on Sullivan's Isltnid (the 
 Long Branch of South Caroliria), 
 and Mount Pleasant. 
 
 Reached by Atlantic Coast I ino 
 (North-Eastern Branch), from Rich- 
 mond, via Wilmington, in 18 hours. 
 
 Charlestown (.^/(^«.w<A»^■l//.v). — 
 Suffolk County; population (Ikso), 
 35,000. 
 
 Hotels: Those at Boston. 
 
 Already described under Boston, 
 of which it now forms almost part. 
 
 Charlestown {West Vi rgi >>■>,■). — 
 Seat of Kanawha County; popr.la- 
 tion (1880) 4,300. 
 
 Hotels: St. Albert, Hall. 
 
 Situated on the Great Kanawha 
 River, this place is celebrate<l for 
 .John Brown's execution, which 
 took place on Dec. 2nd, 1859, for 
 inciting the slaves to mutiny. The 
 engine-house which served him as 
 a fortress is still visible. It has 
 some manufactures, and is sur- 
 rounded by a very fertile and culti- 
 vated countiy. There is an Opera 
 House and a Music Hall. In the 
 county are some salt springs, and 
 coal is found in abundance. 
 
 Reached by Baltimore and Ohio 
 Railway, fi'om Baltimore, via Har- 
 per's Ferry, in 4 hours. 
 
 Charlotte {North Carolina). — fieatot 
 Mecklenburg County; population 
 (1880), 8,700. 
 
 Hotels : Charlotte, Central. 
 
 Pleasantly situated on Sugar 
 Creek, this is a very biasy and pros- 
 perous town. Its chief interests are 
 centred in agriculture, and trade is 
 very brisk with the surrounding 
 country. It is an important rail- 
 way junction. There are also some 
 valuable mines in the neighbour- 
 hood. An Assay Office (formerly a 
 branch mint), is in the town. There 
 is an Opera House and a Music Hall. 
 
 Reached by Carolina Central Rail- 
 way, from Wilmington, via Hamet, 
 in 12 hours. 
 
64 
 
 BRADSHAW S UNITED STATES. 
 
 I i 
 
 -i 
 
 ■'] I 
 
 ■ ; 
 
 Charlottesville (T'ir^/wif;).— Seat 
 of Albemarle County; population 
 (1880), 5,000. 
 
 Hotels : Central, Farish. 
 
 The seat of the University of 
 Virginia, and in proximity to 
 Monticello, the home and tomb of 
 Thomas Jefferson. Situated on 
 Rivanna River, it is attractive and 
 well built, and has some agricultural 
 interests. The University, founded 
 in 1819, bj- Jefferson, is situated on 
 elevated ground, 1^ miles west of 
 the town, and forms an object of 
 note in a flue country. Monticello^ 
 former home and now burial place 
 of Thomas Jefferson, is four miles 
 out of the town, stands upon an 
 eminence, and has a charming view 
 of great extont. The remains lie in 
 a small family cemetery by the side 
 of the road leading up to the place. 
 
 Reached by Chesapeake and Ohio 
 Railway, from Richmond, via 
 Gordonsville, in 4 hours. 
 
 Chautauqua {New YorJe). — Near 
 Jamestown, and on Chautauqua 
 Lake ; population (1880), 1,100. 
 
 Hotels : Mountain House. 
 
 Charmingly situated, it is only 
 famous for the camp meetings, held 
 here in July and August, of the 
 National Sunday School Assembly. 
 
 Reached by Buffalo, Pittsburg and 
 Western Railway, from Buffalo, via 
 Salamanca, in 4^ hours. 
 
 Chautauq.ua Lake.— The most 
 western of the lakes in New York 
 State, and on the frontier of Penn- 
 gylvania. 
 
 Hotels : Jamestown, Weeks, Sher- 
 man, at Jamestown, Mountain at 
 Chautauqua, and Chautauqua and 
 Mayville Houses at Mayville. 
 
 A very picturesque small lake in 
 the Conewango "Valley; much fre- 
 (juented as a summer resort. Has 
 good fishing and boating. It is 
 18 miles long, by 1 to 3 broad, and 
 considered the highest navigable 
 watersheet on the American Conti- 
 nent; 1,290 feet above the sea. 
 A. steamer runs twice daily round 
 it. Principal places to stop at are 
 Jamestown, Mfiyville, Chatitaiiqua, 
 Point Chautauqua. 
 
 Reached by Buffalo, Pittsburg and 
 
 Western Railway, from Buffalo, vid 
 Salamanca, in 4i hours. 
 
 Chattanooga (Tennessee). — Hamil- 
 ton County ; population, 23,000. 
 
 Hotels : Hamilton, Stanton, Eeid, 
 European, Stoops. 
 
 Situated on the Tennessee River, 
 near the frontier of Alabama and 
 Georgia : it is a very important 
 railway centre (seven companies), 
 and the river is navigable to this 
 point for steamers for eight 
 months out of the twelve. A very 
 busy town, with iron and 
 cotton mills ; it is also the shipping 
 point for all the rich produce of 
 east and middle Tennessee. The 
 Methodist University is situated here. 
 The town played a very important 
 part during the Civil War. Above 
 the city is Lookout Mountain 
 (1,400 feet high), which has become 
 a favourite summer resort ; the 
 Governmental Hospital buildings 
 of the War are used as hotels. The 
 view is delightful. Other points 
 are : Lake 8eclusion,BattleJield,LHlah 
 Falls, Hock City and Cemetery, 
 The surrounding country is very 
 rich in coal and iron mines. 
 
 Reached by Cincinnati, New 
 Orleans and Texas Railway, from 
 Cincinnati, vid Waiton, in 14 hours. 
 
 Chelsea (Massachusetts). — A suburb 
 of Boston ; population (1880), 22,000. 
 
 Hotels : Broadway, City, Soldiers' 
 Home. 
 
 Only a manufacturing commu- 
 nity, with United States Marine 
 Hospital, Naval Hospital, and Wood' 
 lawn Cemetery. 
 
 Reached by ferry from Boston, 
 and connected by a bridge with 
 Charlestown, in quarter of an hour 
 
 Cherry Valley (New Forit).— Near 
 Albany; population (1880), 900, 
 
 Hotels : Sharon Springs. 
 
 A pretty village on Cherry 
 Valley Creek, and near Sharon 
 Springs, is popular as a summer 
 resort, though not as a fashionable 
 one. It is noted as the scene of one 
 of the greatest massacres dis- 
 gracing any war. In 1778 the 
 Tories and Indians killed or took 
 captive nearly the entire population 
 
CHAUr.OTTKSVIIJJ<: — CHICAilO. 
 
 65 
 
 uffalo, vid 
 
 , — Hatnil- 
 23,000. 
 
 iton, BeiJf 
 
 see River, 
 mma and 
 important 
 mpanies), 
 lie to this 
 or eight 
 . A very 
 on and 
 ! shipping 
 roduce of 
 see. The 
 ated here, 
 important 
 r. Above 
 
 Mountain 
 xs ])ecome 
 sort ; the 
 buildings 
 tels. The 
 ler points 
 fieldfLulah 
 
 Cemetery. 
 ry is very 
 
 ti, New 
 tvay, from 
 4 hours. 
 
 A suburb 
 10), 22,000. 
 
 Soldiers' 
 
 commu- 
 Muriue 
 ,nd Wood' 
 
 Boston, 
 ge with 
 an hour 
 
 •).— Near 
 ,900. 
 
 Cherry 
 Sharon 
 summer 
 hionable 
 le of one 
 res dis- 
 1778 the 
 or took 
 (pulation 
 
 - 
 
 of unprotected settlers. There is a 
 Youtiif La J leu' Acadoni/ ; Motoit Inde- 
 jieiiili'iice (2,000 foot), Tekahiwam 
 Fiilh, White SatjikKr Springs, and 
 Suit Spriuijsville ore the principal 
 points of attraction. It is famous 
 for its cool, hoalthj'' summer cli- 
 ni.itc. 
 
 Heaclied by Dclawai'c and Ilud- 
 sf)ii Canal Raihvay, from Montreal, 
 rid Albany, in 9 hours. 
 
 Chester {Pe)insi/lra)i!a). — Delaware 
 County; population (1880), 15,000. 
 
 Hotels : City, Columbia, Washing- 
 ton, Brown's, Delaware, American, 
 Bcalc. 
 
 This the oldest town in Ponnsj'l- 
 vania (by Swedes in IGW) lies in a 
 populous and hii^-lily cultivated 
 reurioii. It has larui- manufacturing 
 interests, and its shipbuilding yards 
 iire extensive. Tiie celebriited ones 
 of John Roach are here. Closa by is 
 Braudywine, famous for the battle 
 of 1777. 
 
 Reached by Philadelphia, Wil- 
 mington and Baltimore Railwaj', 
 from Philadelphia, in half-an-hour. 
 
 Cheyenne {Wyoming). — Seat of 
 Laramie County ; population (1880), 
 1,500. 
 
 Hotels : Dyer's, Interocean ; 
 Station, and Dining Room. 
 
 Settled only in 1807, it is now one 
 of the largest towns on the whole 
 line of the Union Pacific Railway. 
 It is situated in a broad open plain 
 on Crow Creek, a small stream, 
 having its source in the Black Hills. 
 It is principally engaged in stock 
 raising, but does an extensive retail 
 trade with the surrounding country. 
 Its mining interests are also im- 
 portant. The town is well built 
 and the Town Hall, Court House, 
 Prison, Opera House, and School 
 Buildings are noteworthy. There is 
 a military post at Fort Russell. 
 Diligences run to Dearwood in the 
 Black Hills in 48 hours. 
 
 Reached by Union Pacific, from 
 Omaha, vid Denver, in 15 hours. 
 
 Chicago {Illinois).— The capital of 
 the State, and seat of Cook County ; 
 population (1880), 503,000, but now 
 exceeding 600,000. 
 
 Jlufch: The Palnh^r House is ono 
 of the finest hotels in the States, is 
 entirely fireproof, and hHS every 
 conceivable modern comfort. Tho 
 cuisine is reputed first-class. 
 
 The Grand Pacific, Sherman, 
 Tremont, the rates in these ranging 
 from 2.Ulols. to 5 dols. per day.every- 
 thing included ; the Lcland, Clifton, 
 liriggs, Crawford, Commei'cial, anil 
 Madison, with rates from 2 dols. to 5 
 dols. ])er day, and on the European 
 plan ; Brevoort's, MacCoy's, and 
 Windsor. Other hotels are the Goult, 
 Continental, Drexel, Atlantic, Maul- 
 ton, and a great number of boarding 
 houses. 
 
 Itestaurants and Cafes: Chapin & 
 Gore's, Race Bros., McCoy's, Palmer 
 HouhC, Kern's, Kingsloy's, Tliom- 
 s»n's, Cal. Wilson's (exclusively 
 oj-sters and other shell-fish). 
 
 Conveyances : Tramways, steam 
 tramways or cable tramways tra- 
 verse the town in all directions 
 (fare, 5 cts.). Omnibuses arc at sta- 
 tions and landing-stages (fare, 50 
 cts.) ; hackney carriages at stations 
 and landing-stages, also at hotels, 
 and several other points in the 
 town. The Course : 1 passenger 
 from station to station, 50 cts. ; 1 
 l»assenger, 1 mile, 50 cts. ; from 1 to 
 2 miles, 1 dol. ; each additional mile 
 or part, 60 cts. extra, and each 
 additional passenger 50 cis. ; chil- 
 dren under 14, half-fare. By the 
 hour : 2 dols, per hour, and' each 
 additional hour 1 dol.; from mid- 
 night to 7 a.m. each diive, whatever 
 distance or time, 2 dols. Apply to 
 police in case of disagreement. 
 
 Railway Stations : Chicago, Mil- 
 waukee and St. Paul's Railway; 
 Chicago, Alton, and St. Louis ; 
 Pittsburg, Fort Mayne, and Chi- 
 cago ; Burlington and Quincy ; Chi- 
 cago, St. Louis, and Pittsburg; 
 Erie and Chicago Railways, all 
 leave the splendid Union Depot on 
 corner of Canal-street ; the Wabash, 
 St. Louis, and Pacific ; the Chicago 
 and Illinois ; the Chicago and Atlan- 
 tic, and the Chicago and Grand Trunk 
 Railways in the Union Depot on 
 Folk-street ; the Chicago and North 
 Western Railway in the Station on 
 corner of North Wells and Kinzie- 
 streets ; the Kankakee ; the Michi- 
 gan Central and Illinois Central 
 Railways from Central Station in 
 
 C 
 
66 
 
 r.RADSHAW S UXITKD STATKS. 
 
 
 li' 
 
 1' ■[ 
 
 
 •i !t 
 
 Lake-Street ; the Baltimore and Ohio 
 and Chicago, Detroit, and Niagara 
 Falls Railway's in Monroe-street ; 
 and the Chicago, Rock Island, and 
 Pacific, the New York, Chicago and 
 St. Louis, and the Lake Shore and 
 Michigan Southern from the station 
 on corner of Van liureu and La- 
 sallo streets, the finest station in 
 the country. 
 
 Theiifi'en and Amuxempnfs : Mc'- 
 Vicker'sTlieatre, in Madison-street, 
 Haverley's, in Monroe-street ; Hoo- 
 ley's Opera House, in Randolph- 
 street ; the Academy of Music, in 
 Halstead-street ; the Grand Opera 
 House, in Clark-street; the Olympic, 
 Standard, Chicago Museum and 
 Theatre are theatres of minor im- 
 portance. The National Panorama 
 in Wabash-avenue, the Central Music 
 Hall, Hirsche's Music Hall, Tarwell, 
 and many others, have concerts and 
 sundry entertainments. 
 
 JRuces and Sports : The Chicago 
 Racing Club has its meetings in 
 Lake View and at Lincoln Park. 
 The Shooting Club has its establish- 
 ment near tlie Union Stock Yard. 
 
 Rnading SoomH : At all the best 
 hotels ; the Public Library, corner 
 of Dearborn and Lake streets, with 
 about 100,000 volumes, from 9 a.m. 
 till 9 p.m.; the Chicago Athenceum in 
 Washington-street, open from 9 a.m. 
 to 10 p.m. with lectures, fine library 
 and gymnasium ; the Young Men's 
 Christian Association, in Madison- 
 street ; Cobb's Library, in Wabash- 
 avenue ; the Union Catholic Library 
 in Dearborn-street, and the Academy 
 of Science in Wabash-avenue. 
 
 Museums : The Academy of Science 
 in Wabash-avenue ; the Art Insti- 
 tute in Michigan-avenue. 
 
 Clubs : The Union Club, on corner 
 of Chicago - avenue and State- 
 street ; the Chicago Club, in Monroe- 
 Street ; the Owl Club, in Madison- 
 street; the Press Club, corner of 
 Madison and Clark streets; the 
 Standard, corner of Michigan-avenue 
 and Thirteenth - street ; and the 
 Calumet^ Michigan - avenue and 
 Eighteenth - street; admission 
 through introduction by member. 
 
 Post and Telegraph Office : in Dear- 
 born and Clark streets, open from 
 8 a.m. to 7 p.m., and five branch 
 offices in the outskirts. 
 
 Bankers : Bank of Chicago. 
 
 Medical : Dr. Hnllbroth, Dr. 
 Wilkinson, Dr. Stroth. 
 
 Ticket and E.wurnion Agents: 
 Thomas Cook ik Son, 106, Dearborn- 
 street. 
 
 The site of Chicngo was first 
 visited by Joliet and Marquette in 
 1673, and the first permanent settle- 
 ment took place in H04 by the con- 
 struction of a fort, near the head of 
 the present Michiyau-iivenue. This 
 fort was demolished in 1850. 
 Chicago was organized as a town 
 in 1833, and incorporated as a town 
 in 1837 ; it then liad 4.,170 inhabit- 
 ants, which had increased in 1880 to 
 503,304. The great conflagration 
 took place in 1871, destroying 17,5()o 
 houses at a loss of almost 2a»,000,(KHt 
 dols. In 1874, another fire destroye* I 
 about 5,000,000 dols. worth of pro- 
 perty. The new city is con- 
 siderably superior in buildings, and 
 the business parts are unsurpassed 
 by that of any other of the large 
 towns on the Continent. It ranks 
 next to ■ 'wYork in commercial im- 
 portance, andin 1854was already the 
 largest grain shipping port of the 
 world, its cattle, ])ork and timber 
 trade likewise stand pre-eminent 
 over any similar market in the 
 world. Manufacturing is also very 
 largely carried on, employing above 
 150,000 hands and their productions 
 are very varied. The factories num- 
 ber above 4,000, and turn out about 
 300,000,000dols.in value. Thestorage 
 capacity for grain and other produce 
 is about 29,000,000 bushels. It is in 
 the very marvelloiis enterprise of the 
 people, the magnificence of the 
 warehouses, etc., and its enormous 
 commerce, that the interest of 
 Chicago to the tourist consists. 
 
 It is the greatest Railway 
 centre on the Continent and situated 
 on the Lake Michigan and at the 
 mouth of Chicago River, and termi- 
 nus of Illinois and Michigan Canal. 
 Its water frontage is 38 miles, 
 taking in the river and its branches 
 with slips. This is not including 
 the lake front, where nn outer 
 harbour is nearly finished. It covers 
 an area of almost 38 stiuare miles, 
 clo861y built upon, while suburbs ex- 
 tend trom 6 to 8 miles all round the 
 town. The wharves or lake front 
 are nearly 30 miles long j and here 
 
 J 
 
CHICACIO. 
 
 67 
 
 'hicay'o. 
 nllbroth, Dr. 
 
 'xion Age lit g : 
 10«, Dearboni- 
 
 iffo was first 
 Manjuetto in 
 manent settle- 
 (>4 by the coll- 
 ar the head of 
 avenue. This 
 led in 1850. 
 2d as a town 
 atcd as a town 
 •i,170 inhabit- 
 ased in 1880 to 
 conflagration 
 stroying 17,50o 
 
 lOSt20<),00O,(MM> 
 
 :'firedestroye<l 
 worth of i»ro- 
 city is con- 
 buildings, and 
 3 unsurpassed 
 ' of the large 
 ent. It ranks 
 ^mmercial im- 
 ms already the 
 ig port of the 
 rk and timber 
 I l^re-eminent 
 arket in the 
 is also very 
 iloying above 
 r productions 
 actories num- 
 urn out about 
 e. The storage 
 other produce 
 tiels. It is in 
 terprise of the 
 ence of th(> 
 its enormous 
 interest of 
 consists. 
 St Railway 
 t and situated 
 n and at the 
 iY, and termi- \, 
 :higan Canal. 
 5 "38 miles, 
 its branches 
 lot including 
 re an outer 
 led. It covers 
 (luare miles, 
 e suburbs ex - 
 all round the 
 lake front 
 ig ; and here » 
 
 'I 
 
 arc the timber and coal yard?*, 
 elevators, and warehouses. The 
 town is regularly laid out and the 
 streets, mostly 80 feet wide, cross 
 at riirbf angles. The principal 
 thoroughfares, Statr-gtncf, Lake, 
 dark, Lasalle, Randolph, Dearborn, 
 Adam.s, Madison, Washington, 
 Franklin, and Water streets, run 
 from north to south. The residontinl 
 streets are Waba.sh, Prairie, nnd 
 Washington avenues. They aro 
 bordered with rows of trees and 
 gardens in front of the villus. 
 Calumet, South Park, Indiana, Ash- 
 land, and Dearborn avenues, and 
 West WasliiiiLfton-streot rank simi- 
 larly. Michigar.and Wabasli avenues 
 are' tlie i)vincipal drives; also 
 through the parks antl boulevards, 
 South Piirk on the lake shore and 
 L'ike View on the north, beyond 
 Lincoln Park. 
 
 The principal Iniildings are : 
 The Chamhpt' of Comtiiei'cc, corner of 
 Lasalle and Washington streets ; no 
 visitor should omit to attend the 
 *' Board of Trade " meeting, which 
 takes place here every day )>etweon 
 11 a.m. and 1 p.m. It is the Exchan^'e 
 of Chicago, and is often the scene of 
 tremendous excitement. Close by 
 is the " Call Board," where immense 
 quantities of grain change hands by 
 auction ; the call begins at 2.30 p.ni. 
 and lasts half-an-hour. The Custom 
 Home and Post and Telegniph Office 
 occupying a whole block, is a very 
 fine building and cost 5,000,000 dols. 
 
 The Citif Hall and Court 
 Ho'ine, on City-square, are very fine ; 
 the Count)/ Prison and Criminal 
 Building is a very massive building 
 on corner of North Dearborn and 
 Michigan streets. The Exhibition 
 Buildings, similar to the Crystal 
 Palace at Sydenham, front Michi- 
 gan-avenue, and Industrial and Art 
 Exhibitions are held here every 
 autumn. The new Board of Trade 
 Buildings, on Lasalle-street, arc also 
 very fine. The '* Chicago Tribune " 
 building on corner Dearborn and 
 Madison streets, the Portland Block, 
 Honore Block, First National Bank 
 Buildings, and American Express Com- 
 pany's Buildings are all very fine. 
 
 The Literary and Educational 
 Institutions are of a very high class, 
 and their list is extensive. The 
 University in. Cottage Grove-avenue, 
 
 founded by Stephen A. Douglas, 
 with the Dearborn Obs'rr,itoru ad- 
 joining it, has a very hatidsonio 
 building and the site is beautiful. 
 The Puhl'c Library, founded in 1872 
 by English authors and i)ublishers, 
 contains niw near 100,000 volumes 
 on corner of Dearborn and Lake 
 streets ; the Academy of Science lost 
 the valualile collection of 39,0()(> 
 specimens in the ,i;reat fire, but is 
 collecting a new museum on 
 Wabash-avenue ; the Art Institute 
 is on corner of Van Huren-stroet and 
 Michigan-avenue; the Chicago Theo- 
 logical Seminary, on Union Park ; 
 the Presbyterian Theological Seminary, 
 on Fullerton-avenue ; the Baptist 
 ditto, on Morgan I'ark, in the 
 .=uV)urbs ; the Sf. Lpiatius College, on 
 West Twelfth-street ; the Rush 
 Mfdicitl Cullege, the Women's Medical 
 College, and the C»flrgr-nf Physicians 
 and Surgeons arc all in Wood-street ; 
 the Chicago Medical College, in 
 Prairie-avenue ; and the Uahneman 
 College, in Cottage Grove-avenue. 
 
 The spiritual welfare of the in- 
 habitants is e(iually well cared for, 
 there being no less than 270 places 
 of worship in the town. Only a few, 
 however, merit special mention. The 
 Unity Church, in Dearborn-avenue, 
 and the Twelfth-street Church are 
 among the best. The Roman 
 Catholic Cathedral is also very fine ; 
 the Immanuel Baptist, in Michi.cfan- 
 avenue ; the Second Presbyterian, in 
 Eighteenth-street; Grace, in Wab- 
 ash-avenue ; the Union Park Con- 
 gregational, in A.shland-avenue ; the 
 Second Bapfixt, in Monroe-street, 
 and the St. James, in Huron-street, 
 are all noteworthy. 
 
 Among the Charitable institutions 
 we note, first, the Mercy Hospital, 
 in Calumet-avenue ; the Cook County 
 Hospital, in IlaiTison-strcet ; the 
 U. S. Marine Hospital, at Lake 
 View, is very extensive ; the Old 
 Peofile's Home, in Indiana-avenue ; 
 the Foundlings, in Wood-street, and 
 the Newsboys' Home, in Quincy-street, 
 are worthy of an inspection. Other 
 Homes and Hospitals are the Pro- 
 testant Orphanage, in Twenty-second- 
 street; the St. Joseph's (male) and 
 St. Mary's (female) Orphanages, 
 N. State-street ; the Home for the 
 Friendless, &c. 
 
 The public parks are magnificent. 
 
 C2 
 
 J 
 
68 
 
 BlUDSHAW S UMTKD .STATKS. 
 
 Hi; 
 
 
 ! 
 
 I 'f 
 
 
 '■ I 
 
 i .1 
 
 They covei' in all an area of about 
 8,200 acres, and beinp ten in number 
 are connected bv boulevards 2(X) feet 
 wide. Lincoln Park is on tbe lake 
 shore, is bt^autifully laid out, and 
 contains a Zualot/icul Gunlen. The 
 Union Park', iu the centre of the 
 West-end, and JrJfir»on Park, one 
 of the most frequented, are the 
 most noteworthy. Others are Lake 
 Park, Dou/,,'las Turk, Garfield and 
 South Parks, all being well laid out 
 and very shady. 
 
 The cemotcrios arc— as in all 
 American towns— beautifully laid 
 out, and Onkwocd and (Jratrlmiit 
 should bo visited. Rose Hill and 
 Calvary are also interCKtinp. An 
 application to the chief en-finoer 
 will afford an inspection of the 
 fVa ferworku, near Chicnpo-avenue ; 
 they are considered one of the 
 wonders of the world, and from 
 the tower an extensive view can 
 be enjoyed. Another water supply 
 is derived from the tO artesian wells 
 in different parts of the town. 
 There are two Tunneh running' 
 underneath the river, one at 
 Washington-street and the other at 
 Lasalle-street. 
 
 One of the sights not to be missed 
 are the Stock-yards, of huge di- 
 mensions, covering above 350 acres, 
 the Grain Elevators and wharves. 
 
 In the vicinity of Chicago is 
 "Pullman," noteworthy as the site 
 of the Pullman Car Company. 
 
 Reached by New York, Chicago 
 and St. Louis Railway, from Buffalo, 
 vid Fort Wayne, in 20 hours. 
 
 Chico {California).— Bntte County; 
 population (1880), 6,000. 
 
 Hotels : Butte House. 
 
 A prosperous town, situated on 
 the Chico Creek, in a very rich agri- 
 cultural district. It has a good 
 many manufactories, iron ore, 
 carriages, planing mills, &c. Bank 
 of Chieo, Bank of Butte County, 
 High School, Odd Fellows Hall, &c., 
 are among the principal buildings. 
 General Bidwell's estate of 32,000 
 acres is close by. The orchards 
 are a sight to be seen. 
 
 Reached by Southern Pacific Rail- 
 way, from San Francisco.ttrf Marys- 
 ville, in 2>\ hours. 
 
 ChiCOpee {Ma»i>i!ehnsrff>'). — Ilanip- 
 den County; jopuluii-iu (IbfsO). 
 11,350. 
 
 Hotels : Chicopce, Cabot. 
 
 Situated on Ciiicopcc River and 
 Connecticut River ; it is handsomely 
 built, and has large niiinufacturing 
 interests. The Ames Manufacturing 
 Company (fire-arms and bronzes) 
 have their estaMishments hero. 
 There are two public halls, but littlo 
 of interest to the tourist. 
 
 Reached by Now York, New 
 Haven, and Hartford and Connec- 
 ticut River RMilways, from New 
 York, rid Springfield, in hours. 
 
 Chillicothe (OA/o).— Sent of Ross 
 County; population (18H0), 11,000. 
 
 Hotels: Emmitt, Warnei'. 
 
 A beautiful town, situated on the 
 Scioto River, the site being sur- 
 rounded V)y hills, and settled in 1796. 
 It was formerly the seat of the 
 State Government, and is the centre 
 of all the trade of the rich agri- 
 cultural region bordering on the 
 Scioto River. It is regularly laid 
 out and well built. Amongst the 
 many handsome buildings, we may 
 mention the Court House, 15 
 churches, school houses, etc. There 
 are some large manufactories in the 
 town, the principal being railway 
 carriage works, fiour mills, paper 
 mills,and sewing machine factories. 
 The surrounding country is ex- 
 tremely fertile, and under the high- 
 est state of cultivation. The Opera 
 House and Masonic Hall can each 
 hold above 1,000 people. 
 
 Reached by Cincinnati, Washing- 
 ton and Baltimore Railway, from 
 Cincinnati, in 4 hours, 
 
 Chillicotho {Missouri). — Seat of 
 Livingston County ; population 
 (1880), 6,000. 
 
 Hotels : Markham, Browning, 
 Spencer, American. 
 
 A very yegularly laid out and well 
 built town, having some manu- 
 facturing and very important agri- 
 cultural interests. The Court House 
 is the principal building, and there 
 are also two public halls. 
 
 Reached by Hannibal and St. 
 Joseph Railway, from Kansas City, 
 vid Cameron, in 4^ hours. 
 
CMILM — ClNriNNATI. 
 
 .CO 
 
 k). — Ifaii!]). 
 .)!! (lhh(»), 
 
 ot. 
 
 Kivcr and 
 mndsomcly 
 infacturiiii^ 
 iufacturiii<^ 
 (I ))roiizcs) 
 E>nts liero. 
 Is, but little 
 
 I'ork, Now 
 id L'onncc- 
 from New 
 a hours. 
 
 nt of R()s« 
 :0), 11,000. 
 
 ler. 
 
 itcd on the 
 being sur- 
 ,ledinl796. 
 eat of the 
 5 the centre 
 rich agri- 
 ng on the 
 iiUirly laid 
 nongst the 
 ^'s, we may 
 House, 15 
 )tc. There 
 ories in the 
 Iff railway 
 ills, paper 
 > factories. 
 Ty is ex- 
 
 the high- 
 "he Opera 
 
 can each 
 
 Washing- 
 I'ay, from 
 
 Seat of 
 [opulation 
 
 frowning, 
 
 i and well 
 le manu- 
 lant agri- 
 lurt House 
 
 md there 
 
 and St. 
 Isas City, 
 
 ChippowaPalls(Tr//ro (^i»/).— Seat 
 <»f Chippewa County; popidatioii 
 
 (lHSO),i,0<K>. 
 
 Jfot'ln: MercViants, Staidcy. 
 
 Pleasantly situated on the Chip- 
 l)cwa Hiver, its j»riiicipal oecupn- 
 tion is the timber trade ; also some 
 marmfacttirin;^ jJiirMiits. There is 
 an Ofif)'ii HuKHr and a Mimic Jlulf, 
 but little else to iiit(>rest the tourist. 
 
 Heaehed l)y Wisconsin CeiitJnl 
 Railway, from St. I'aul, r'<( New 
 Kifhmoiid, in 11 hours. 
 
 Cincinnati {Ohio).- The principal 
 
 town of the State, and seat of 
 
 Hamilton County-; i)')pul:Uioii (1880), 
 
 Hoffh : The Ihirnet House, in 
 Vine-street; the Grand, on Central- 
 avenue; the (iibson, in Walnut- 
 street; with charges from 2i dols. 
 to t dols. per day; the St. James, 
 Palace, Dennison, Crawford, Block, 
 and Gait are also good, and their 
 charges rang<. from 2 dols. to 2\ dols. 
 per day. Kepider's, St. Nicholas, 
 and St. Clair from Idol, to 3 dols. 
 per day, and the Emery, which is 
 l)oth on the American and European 
 l)lans. 
 
 jRegfdu rants and Ctifi's : Keppler's, 
 in Race-street ; the Vietma "Bakery-, 
 in Race-street; the St. Nicholas, 
 also in Race-street ; P]mery, Ortiz, 
 Brock's, and Hunt's arc all good. 
 
 Conveyances: Tramways run 
 through the whole town atid suburbs 
 (fare 5 cts); omnibuses from stati(ms 
 and landing stages to all the hotels 
 (fare 50 cts.) ; carriages and cabs at 
 different points in the town (course, 
 one or two persons, 1 dol. ; t'lree or 
 four persons, .50 cts. each ; large 
 trunks extra. By time, 2 dols. per 
 hour, and 1 dol. each additional or 
 part of hour. It is advisable to drive 
 a bargain. Several ferries cross 
 the river from different parts of the 
 .town. 
 
 Rail way Stafions : The station of 
 the Kentucky Central Railway is in 
 Covington-street ; the Grand Cen- 
 tral Station in the Central-avenue 
 is the starting point of the Ohio and 
 Mississippi and Cincinnati Southej-n 
 Railways ; the Little Miami Rail- 
 way Station is on corner of Butler 
 and Front streets, and the Cincin- 
 nati, Hamilton, and Dayton Rail- 
 
 way Station is in Fifth and Hoodlcy 
 htreot.s. 
 
 Th'^iifr^H iniif AmiiKi-iiu nf^ : Th< 
 ftraini Oji rt J/mtur, voruvr '^^^ Vino 
 and Lom^worth-street ; Jinfinyon'M 
 Oju-nt Jltiunn ill Plum-street (Ger- 
 man opera and drama) ; Havclm's 
 'i'heatrc on ( ■iMitral-iiviMuic, If, nA'i^ 
 Aiif O/iirr JlmiMc in Vine-street isi 
 very (Mt>ai'ious; S.,i>lh mid yijcon'n 
 ^^ll.s!o Jliiff in West Fourth-street; 
 Sjir'nffrr MiiHio Hull in Ehii-street ; 
 Colle:;e Hall, Melodcon Hall, Gym- 
 na-ium, (ireenwood Hall "and 
 SI", eial other-* are much fre(iue!ited. 
 'J'lieie isa floating bath on the Ohio, 
 at fo )t of Broadway. The Zo'.hu/i. 
 (■Ill (iiirdtns are well laid oaf, and 
 have an extensive collection of 
 animals, iind are much freiueuted 
 (entry 25 c.) 
 
 The Races: At Eden and Konkin's 
 Parks. 
 
 Library and Rraditrj Ronms : 
 Sevei'al \ory good libraries, the 
 l)rinci])al being the Viihlir Lihran/ 
 in Vine-street, has l;-l.",(Mio volumes 
 and extensive reading room (open 
 8 p.m.. to 10 p.m.) ; the Law Llhrarif 
 in Court H(jusp, the Yaiuiq Mfr/'K 
 MtvciDifih' Lihravji in (.'ollego 
 Buildings in Walnut-street ; tlio 
 Rhih)!<i>i>hical and Jfixforical Soclefi/, 
 in the same, and the Mechanic's' 
 Institute Library also in Vino- 
 street. All the hotels have well- 
 supplied reading rooms. 
 
 Clubs : The P/irrnix Cinh with very 
 fine (piarters in Central-avenue. 
 1'he Queen City Cluh in Elm-street ; 
 the Allemania in Central-avenue; 
 the Eureka in Walnut-street, and 
 Cuvier in Longworth-street. Intro- 
 duction l)y a member. 
 
 Po»t and Telcfjrapli : In the 
 General Post Ollice, corner of 
 Fourth and Vine streets, open from 
 a.m. to 10 p.m., and several 
 branches throughotit the town. 
 
 Rankers: Bank of Cincinnati. 
 
 Medical : Dr. J. G. Snger, Dr. 
 C. C. Fowler. 
 
 Dentist: Dr. Harwood. 
 
 Tourist and Excursion Agents: 
 Thomas Cook & Son, 107, Pearl- 
 street. 
 
 Cincinnati, the Metropolis of 
 Ohio, is situated on the Ohio, oppo- 
 site the month of the Licking River 
 and the t(/wnships of Covington and 
 
70 
 
 ]}RAD8HAW S UNITED STATKS. 
 
 Newport. It waH first settled in 
 17HH, and in fts infancy had great 
 troubles with the Indians. Incor- 
 porated as a town in 1814. It is 
 one of the great commercial centres 
 of the West, and agriculture, manu- 
 facture and live stock trade com- 
 bine to make it more prosperous 
 each year. There are close upon 
 6,()00 manufactories in the town, 
 with an approximate annual turn- 
 out of 2<K),("M>0,000 dols. The town 
 is surrounded by hills (450 feet), 
 forming a fine panorama, and the 
 views from the summits are enchant- 
 ing. The streets are well laid out, 
 the buildings substantial and hand- 
 some, and shady trees abound in the 
 principal the roxighf ares. The busi- 
 ness portion is very dense, but the 
 outer or residential circle has much 
 space and air, and the fine houses 
 are mostly surrounded by gardens. 
 
 The finest of the business streets 
 is undoubtedly Peurl-sfrpft, con- 
 taining only wholesale warehouses, 
 Third-street' is the Cincinnati" Wall- 
 street, and Fourth-street the princi- 
 pal retail trade centre, and conse- 
 quenlly the fashionable promenade. 
 The " East End " and " West End " 
 have the finest residential man- 
 sions. There are some fine drives. 
 
 Amongst the most noteworthy 
 
 Sublic biiildings are the Springer 
 [usic Hull in Elm-street, very 
 beautiful exterior, capable of seat- 
 ing 5,0()() persons, and with an ex- 
 tremely rich adorned interior. The 
 Emeri/ Arcade, said to l)e larger and 
 superior to the Oal?i'ie in Milan, 
 Italy, is in Vine-street ; the Oovern- 
 ment Building a, in Main and Walnut- 
 street, is a huge Renaissance struc- 
 ture. It harbours the Custom House, 
 Post Office and United States Law 
 Courts ; the County Courts are in 
 Main-street; the old Government 
 buildings are in Vine and Fourth 
 streets, with prison at the back ; the 
 Town Hall, or city buildings, are in 
 Plum-street ; the Chamber of Com- 
 merce in Fourth-street, occupies the 
 Pike's Building, formerly an opera 
 house. The Masonic Temple in 
 Walnut -street, the Mu»xc Hall and 
 ^Exhibition Buildings in Elm-street, 
 cover 3i acres,and the latter is open 
 from first week in September till 
 first week in October. The Odd 
 Fsllows' Hall is in Home-street ; the 
 Public Library, open from 8 a.m. 
 
 to p.m., is in Vine-street, with a 
 collection of 140,()0() volumes and 
 16.000 pamphlets; the College of 
 Music in Elm-street has, as an 
 average 400 students and 26 pro- 
 fessors. 
 
 In the Music Hall on Elm-street, 
 the Cincinnati Mtuseum Association 
 has a collection of paintings, 
 sculpture, etc., open from 10 till 
 4 (admission 25 cts.). 
 
 Among the churches, St. Peter's 
 Cathedral is the finest (Plum- 
 street)— notice the altar and the 
 altar piece by Murillo; St. 
 Xavier, in Sycamore-street (Gothic, 
 with fine tower), is also fine; 
 St. PattVs (Methodist), in Smith- 
 r'ijceet, and St. Paul's (Episcopal) 
 in Plum-street, are both note- 
 worthy. In the quarter " over the 
 Rhine " are some large German 
 churches, with fine musical services. 
 The Hebrew Synagogue in Plum- 
 street, and Hebrew Temple, in 
 Mound-street, have very fine in- 
 teriors. 
 
 A monument of some importance 
 is the Tyler-Davidson Fountain, in 
 Fifth-street, which was cast in 
 Munich, Bavaria, at a cost of about 
 £40,000. 
 
 The educational establishments 
 of Cincinnati are numerous and 
 very efficient. First, ranks the 
 University, founded and endowed by 
 a citizen, in Hamilton-ropd, with 
 Design and Law School in College- 
 ])uildings, in Walnut-street; St. 
 Xavier's College, a Jesuit institution 
 in Sycamore-street, is very finely 
 installed and has extensive collec- 
 tions ; the Seminary of Mount St. 
 Mary, on Western-iiills, the Lane 
 Theological Seminary, on East 
 Walnut-hills; the Miami Medical 
 College, in Twelfth-street ; the Cin' 
 einnati Wesleyan College, in Wesley- 
 avenue ; the Medical College of Ohio, 
 in Sixth-street ; the Hughes- High 
 School, the Chicicering Institute, and 
 tne Woodtcard High School oMoccwpy 
 a prominent position in the country. 
 The Mecha nicn' Institute may likewise 
 be mentioned.. 
 
 The •• Hospital " in Twelfth-street 
 is a model institution, and covers 
 four acres. Its architectural 
 features are fine ; the Long View 
 Lunatic Asyl'un at Carthage, 10 
 miles north of the town, has very 
 fine gardens ; St. Mary's Hospital 
 
 } 
 
 i 
 
v^ 
 
 CINCrNNATI — CLKVKLAXD. 
 
 Jet, with a 
 lumes and 
 College of 
 las, as an 
 nd 26 pro- 
 
 Slm-street, 
 Association 
 paintings, 
 Dm 10 till 
 
 St. Veter's 
 5t (Plum- 
 : and the 
 •illo ; St. 
 et (Gothic, 
 also fine; 
 in Smith- 
 Episcopal) 
 oth note- 
 "over the 
 e German 
 al services, 
 in Plum- 
 Vemple, in 
 y fine in- 
 
 mportance 
 •juntuin, in 
 .s cast in 
 st of abont 
 
 )lishments 
 erous and 
 ranks the 
 Qdowed by 
 •opd, with 
 n College- 
 treet ; St. 
 nstitution 
 ery finely 
 e collec- 
 Motint St. 
 the Ldup 
 on East 
 Medical 
 the Ci ri- 
 ll Wesley- 
 " of Ohio, 
 ghes- High 
 tute, and 
 ill occupy 
 country, 
 y likewise 
 
 fth-street 
 d covers 
 litectural 
 onff Vidw 
 hage, 10 
 has very 
 Hospital 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 in B:iyniillor-stveL't, and Saiiiarifaii 
 Jlonpiftil in Locke-street arc also very 
 large and excellently appointed 
 establishments ; the JIoiisrofR(ji(f/r, 
 in Mill Creek Valley and the Cifi/ 
 H'ufkhouxe close by, are worthy an 
 inspection. The Oi'jihaii Ani/lnm, at 
 Mount Auburn. All the establish- 
 ments named have large recreation 
 grounds. 
 
 Ktlf'H Parle, in the p]a.st-end on a 
 hill, is the principal public park, 
 atid the views from the top are very 
 v;i lied and extensive. It covers 210 
 acres. Waxhiiirfton Park, L'' iicnhi 
 and Ifojikiii's Parks, and Jiiirt>et 
 W'ooih arc also very fine but loss 
 extensive. The Avenue to Sjtri)i(j 
 (i rorr Ci'inrffri/ is KM) feet wide and 
 affords a fine drive. The Cemetery-, j 
 situated in Mill C'lvek Valley, ' 
 covers (;oo a"rcs, is beautifully laid 
 out, and h;is ni.my fine monuments ; 
 the finest among too latter is the 
 Dexter Mausoleum, in memory of 
 the volunteers who fell in the Civil 
 Wars. 
 
 Ne.irly oue-lialf of the inhabitants 
 are (Germans, or of German extrac- 
 tion, and hence the (juarter north of 
 the Miami Canal— called "over the 
 Rhine "—where the greater part 
 live, ])cars (juit e a CJerman character. 
 Nothing but German is .spoken, and 
 all the surroundings remind the 
 tourist of Germany. The " Suspen- 
 sion Bridge" is very well worth in- 
 specting. It connects Cincinnati 
 with Covington, Kentucky. It is 100 
 feet above the water, and its entire 
 lenirth is 2,252 feet. A similar 
 bridge connects Covington witli 
 Xewi)ort. The tramcars in Fnnit- 
 stiecL traverse both bridges. The 
 Wati-r Jl'orkti in East Front-street 
 are also very iritcresting ; and the 
 liuiliriii/ Sfock Yanh, or cattle pens, 
 and the inclined planes also attract 
 attention. 
 
 Reached by Cincinnati, Rich- 
 mond, and Ciiicago Railway, fn)m 
 Chicago, in 13 hours. 
 
 Circleville (O/i/o).- Seat of Pick- 
 away County; population (1880), 
 0,000. 
 
 Iloteh: Pickaway House, New , 
 American. 
 
 A very prosperous agricultural 
 community on the Scioto River and ' 
 
 Ohio and Eric Canal. There is a 
 small jmblic hal'. 
 
 Reached by PittsViurLr, Cincinnati 
 and St. Louis Railway, from Cin- 
 cinnati, cid Morocco, in ii hours. 
 
 Clarksville ( fl'^ or7;a) .— Habershani 
 County; population (ISSO), 3(K). 
 
 Hoi els: City, Cataract. 
 
 A pleasant and V)ean.Lifal villntre, 
 much resorted to in summer for its 
 surrounding scenery. 'J he Cataract)' 
 of Tallnlah, 12 niiies from Clarks- 
 ville, in a deej) ravine. The Tuccoa 
 FuUk, the Eastatora, and Atnicalolah 
 l\(lls, Xacoochcc J'tiHti/, Mounts Cur- 
 rachec, Yoiiah, Pilot Moioitai n. Track 
 liock and Iliaii-aaxc Falls, are the 
 v.T'incipal naMu'al attractions iu the 
 V ti, irons, and are well worth a visit. 
 
 Hjached by North-Western Rail- 
 w,.y of Georgia, from _Athens, ria 
 Lula, in 3 hours. 
 
 Clarksville {Te/mrsscc). - Seat of 
 Montgomery County ; population 
 (18S0), 5,500. 
 
 Hotels: Franklin, European, 
 Soutliorn. 
 
 I'leasantly sitmded on the Cum- 
 borhmd River, it has its chief occu- 
 ])ation in the surrounding agri- 
 cultural districts. Chiefly retail 
 trade. There is an Oprra Ilonsr 
 with SOO seats. 
 
 Reached by Louisville and Nash- 
 ville R;uhvay, froin Mcmpliis, in '.)}. 
 hours. 
 
 Clatsop Beach {Oregon). — Near 
 Astoria; i)opulation (l88Uj, 5,000. 
 
 Jlofels : Clatsop House. 
 
 A little sea-bathing place, pro- 
 mising to become the Longbvanch 
 of Oregon. Receives visitors from 
 Washington Territory, Oregon, and 
 California. 
 
 Reached by Diligence from San- 
 Francisco, in 5 hours. 
 
 Cleveland (O/uo).- Seat (f Cuya- 
 hoga County; populatiiju (1880), 
 180,000. 
 
 Hotels: The Stillman, Kennard, 
 Forest, City, Weddell, Haw ley, 
 American. 
 
 Bextaitrants: The Weddell ; a good 
 dining-room at the station (Union 
 Depot). 
 
j I 
 
 :S 
 
 / 
 
 2 
 
 lUiADSHAW S UNITED STATIuS. 
 
 KeinlUiff Itonmx : At the Hotels and 
 tlio Public Library. 
 
 Convn;iti)ir:^g : Tramways to all 
 partH. Omnibuses at most stations 
 au'l lan'linij: stnires. Hackney car- 
 ria^e.s, 1 (1)1. per hour. 
 
 T/ii^dh'es und Amnsementx : Euclid 
 Avenue (^peni House, Case Hall, 
 Academy of Music, the Globe, Ger- 
 man aii'i IJohemian Theatre, Opera 
 Comique, and several Music Halls. 
 
 Chihs : Cleveland, Cleveland Li- 
 brary' Association. 
 
 Voxt Office: In United States 
 Ijuildiiisrs on Monumental Park, 
 open from 8 a.m. till 9 p.m. 
 
 Bdvkrvs: Bank of Cleveland. 
 
 IL'dlciil : Dr. Buss, Dr. Cust. 
 
 Ticket tni(l Excursion Agents: 
 Thomas Cook & Son, 133, Superior- 
 street. 
 
 Tin-!, the second town of Ohio, is 
 situated on the south shore of Lake 
 Erie, and at the mouth of the Cnya- 
 hoj^a P»iver. Its growth has been 
 very I'aiiid. It was settled in 1796, 
 butits first 30 years of existence were 
 not specially noted for ])rop:re&s, 
 which actually liogaii only with the 
 comi)letion of the Ohio Canal. Its 
 commerce and manufactures are 
 very extensive. The Petroleum 
 Keftnerios stand first in the world. 
 The river passintr through the city, 
 affords an excellent harbour and has 
 j)ccu improved by the erection of 
 two i)iers running into Lake Erie, 
 standing 200 fesjt apart. The new 
 JUreakirnfer, west of the river, com- 
 ])lements these improvements by 
 affording IGO ncrcs of safe harbour 
 spacf\ 
 
 The streets of Cleveland are very 
 wide, well ]iavod and shady. They 
 are well laid out, and the large num- 
 ])er of tmes they contain have 
 given it ihe name of the Forest 
 City. The (ti'cii^ n«(/»c'^ on Superior- 
 street, connecting tlie two portions 
 of the town, is justly considered a 
 marvel of engineering. 
 
 The Inisiuess porticm of the city 
 centres in Superior, Water, Mer'\Adn, 
 River and Ontario streets and Euclid 
 Avenue on the east side, and Pearl, 
 Lorain, and Detroit streets on the 
 west side of the river. From Erie- 
 street Euclid Avrnne is very fine, 
 bordered with handsome and very 
 costly reai'leutial mansions in exten- 
 
 sive grounds. Prospect-street comes 
 next. Monumental Fork in the centre 
 of the city covers 10 acres, and is 
 beautified by shrubs, trees, statues 
 (Commodore Perry), and fountains 
 and cascades. The Circle Park is a 
 similar pleasure ground on the 
 west side of the river. 
 
 Amongst the principal buildings 
 Case. Hall, near Monumental Park, 
 Euclid Avenue Opera. House on 
 Euclid-avenue, the Union Depot or 
 station, in Superior-street, rank 
 amongst the first. The United States 
 Buildings, with Custom House, Post 
 Office, wml Federal Law Courts, front- 
 ing Monumental Park, the two 
 Counfi/CuurtHonses on Seneca-street 
 and on the Park, the Academy of 
 Music, the Globe Theatre, Bohemian 
 and Germ<(H Theatre, Public Halls, 
 and Opera Comique are all note- 
 woi'thy. The waterworks are on 
 the west si<le of the river, with a 
 tunnel of 0,600 feet long under the 
 bed of the lake, and West Side Reser- 
 voir which is a favourite promenade, 
 and affords a fine view of Cleveland 
 and surroundings. Two other reser- 
 voirs, the H'oodliind Hills iind Fair- 
 mount, supply the town with an 
 aniple water supply. 
 
 There are 127 churches, of which 
 only the following merit attention : 
 — St. PauVn (Episcopal), Second Pres- 
 hj/terian. First Methodist, the Old 
 Stone Church (Presbyterian), the 
 Roman Catholic Cathedral, Trinity 
 Church, First and Third Presbyterian 
 Churches. Tlie Westtrn Reserve Uni- 
 versity, or Ad el be rt Col I eye, in 'KwcMii- 
 aveniie, owes its removal to Cleve- 
 land to the munificence of a lady of 
 the town, A similar institution is 
 the School of Applied Science, called 
 after its endower, Mr. Leonard Case. 
 The Cleveland Female Seminary, in 
 Woodland-avenue, the Medica) De- 
 partment of thp> Jl'ester7i Reserve Uni- 
 versity, and the same of the Univer- 
 sity of Wooster are all extremely 
 handsome edifices. The Public 
 Library is supported by the revenue 
 of one-tenth of the prochice of a 
 mill. 
 
 The Charity Hospital in Perry- 
 Street, the U.' S. Marine Hospital on 
 the lake, the Hom<vopathic Hospital 
 on Huron-street, the Injirmary and 
 the Workhouse are among the 
 principal charitable institutions, and 
 worthy a visit. 
 
 Vi 
 
c r. I-: V I-: l a x i • — c o r. u :.: 1 1 1 a , 
 
 
 t/ comes 
 he centre 
 i, and is 
 , statues 
 ountains 
 Park is a 
 on the 
 
 )uil(lin.t?s 
 &al Park, 
 louse on 
 Depot or 
 3t, rank 
 te J States 
 Hite, Post 
 •ts, front- 
 the two 
 !ca- street 
 aJemi/ of 
 Bohemian 
 in Halls, 
 all note- 
 3 are on 
 ', with a 
 ntler the 
 iile Reset'' 
 ^menade, 
 Ueveland 
 tier reser- 
 ind Fair- 
 with an 
 
 of which 
 
 ttention : 
 
 o)id Pres- 
 
 the Old 
 
 an), the 
 
 Trinity 
 
 sliyteriun 
 
 ci're U)ii- 
 
 1 Euchil- 
 
 <) Cleve- 
 
 hidy ot 
 
 ution is 
 
 c, called 
 
 rd Case. 
 
 nary, in 
 
 ica) De- 
 
 rce Uni- 
 
 V nicer- 
 
 trcmely 
 
 Pnhl'ic 
 
 revenue 
 
 Ice of a 
 
 Perry- 
 
 pital on 
 
 loitpital 
 
 try and 
 
 tug the 
 
 pus, and 
 
 Lake View Cemetery, thouprh only 
 recently laid out, is the principal of 
 the beautiful cemeteries of Cleve- 
 land. It contains the remains of 
 President Garttcld. The mouu- 
 meut about lieing erected covers 2\ 
 acres of land on the hisrhest point 
 of the cemetery. Jfoodhonl and 
 City Cemetery and EicersidcCemetefy 
 are less extensive, but ai'o ail 
 charminglj' situated and l^eautif ully 
 laid out. 
 
 The Wade Park, Lake Meir Park, 
 Pdfon's Park, and Gonfnn's Park 
 are, l)Osides the ^[o» u me nta I ixlreixdy 
 mentioned, the favourite drives and 
 pleasure ^•rounds. 
 
 Reached by New York, Chicauo 
 and St. Louis RaiUvny.from Chicago, 
 fid Fort Wayne, in I'-i hours. 
 
 Clifton Springs (Xen- I'^j-t).— On- 
 tario Countj' ; ])opulation (1880), 
 1,(MM). 
 
 Jlofels: Foster House, Clifton 
 Sprinj^s Sanatorium. 
 
 A much - frermented summer 
 station, with sulphui'ous spriniifs, 
 good for l)iUary disorders and skin 
 (lisea^cs. 
 
 Reached by New York Central 
 and Hudson River Railway, from 
 Albany, C(d Syracuse, in S hours. 
 
 Clinton (T'ohv/).— Sciit of CUnton 
 County; population (1880), 1(»,(HH). 
 
 Hotels: Central, Revere. 
 
 A very thriving town on the 
 ^lississipjii River, ()])posite Fulton 
 (111.), with which it is connected by 
 a very fine Iron Jiridye, It has 
 extensive saw-mills, jukI large trade 
 with the surroinidiug agricultural 
 district. The rei)air shops of the 
 Chicago and Noith-wcsteru Rail- 
 way are lieve. An Ojiera House 
 and a Music Hall. 
 
 Reached by Chicago and Xorth- 
 AVestern Railway, from Chicago, in 
 5 J hours. 
 
 Clinton (Jrassachtiseffs). — "Worcester 
 County ; population (lS8(t), U,0(.M_». 
 Hotels: Clinton. 
 
 A small but very active manufac- 
 turing town on tlie Nashua River, 
 and one of the most important 
 places in the co'^ ity. The Town 
 
 Hall and the Jiiyrlow Hall are tlie 
 largest meeting {tlaces. 
 
 Reached bj- Old Colony Railway, 
 from Boston, liu .MarUx'i'o, in 2 
 hours. 
 
 Cloverdale {Cal ifumia) .—Hvnomn 
 County; population (18s<»), 1,000. 
 
 Hotels : Cloverdale, United States. 
 
 A smnll ugiiciiltural town with 
 some mining interests; very -jirettily 
 situated, and well known as a sum- 
 mer resort. Stages run to the 
 Geysers and Lakes. 
 
 H cached by San Francisco and 
 Nortli I'aciUc! Railway, from Sati 
 Francisco, in 'il hours. 
 
 Cohoes {Xi'ir York). - Albany 
 County; ])opulation (1880), 20,(HH>. ' 
 
 Hotels : Miller, Harmony. 
 
 Situated on the Krie Canal, 
 Champiain Canal, and near the 
 mouth of the Mohawk River; it is 
 very >)rosperous, owing to possess- 
 ing these cheap highways of locomo- 
 tion. It is principally occupied in 
 mauufacturing,f(n" which the canals 
 afl'ord tine water power. There 
 are two public halls. 
 
 Reached 1)3' New York Central 
 nnd Hudson River Railway, from 
 New York, in 5 hours. 
 
 Columbia.— Capital of South Caro- 
 lina and Seat of Richlaiul County ; 
 population (lv880), 10,100. 
 
 Hntels : Columbia, Wright's, Grand 
 Central, Wheeler. 
 
 Theatres : The City Opera House, 
 and I'arker Hall (lectiu'cs, Jtc.) 
 
 Have Course .- In Fair Grounds. 
 
 li'inker-i : Bank of Columbia. 
 
 Medical : Dr. Pickcrsffill, Dr. 
 Taylor. 
 
 Pleasantly situated on the Con- 
 go ree River, on an elevated jdateati, 
 a few miles below the falls. Colum- 
 bia is a beautiful town, to which the 
 tire of 1S(J5 (occupation <>f (Jeiieral 
 Sherman during the Civil War), 
 however, did great (damage, 'ihe 
 streets are wide, well shaded, and 
 bordered by flower trardens, and the 
 drives in and out of town are ex- 
 tremely attractive and i)leasant. 
 
 The principal buildings are— Thp 
 
f 
 
 74 
 
 iJRADrillAW S L'NITKD .STA'IKS. 
 
 I 
 
 ^!!i 
 
 State House, tlie State Penitentiary, 
 tlic Lunatic Axtjlviii, the Fost Office, 
 the Market ILtll, the United Stateg 
 Court House, the Town Hall, the 
 Unhvrs'fi/ of Cifrollna, with liir^re 
 library ; the FreJtyterlan Theological 
 Semnnu'i/, the Male ami Female Aca- 
 demies, tlie Luthcrian Theological 
 Seminary tlie Execittice Mansion, in 
 larj^e plea,snre ijrnunds ^ives a 
 tine view, also from Arsenal Jlill. 
 Fair frroiniils and Sydney Park are 
 well laiil out, ami are the principal 
 recreation resorts of Colum])ia. 
 
 Reached by South Carolina Rail- 
 way, from Charleston, via Kini^s- 
 vil'.o, ill 5 hours. 
 
 Columbia (Mix^ouri). — Seat of 
 Boon^,; County; pojmlation (1880), 
 3,700. 
 
 Hotels: Grand Central, Lindell, 
 Southern, Planter's, Power's. 
 
 A thriving, manufacturing nnd 
 commercial community, noted for 
 its educational facilities in that ])art 
 of the State. It has two Public- 
 Halls. 
 
 Reached by Wal)ash, St. Louis 
 and Pacific Railway, from Detroit, 
 viti Auburn Junction, in 5^ hours. 
 
 Columbia (Pennsylcunia). — Lancas- 
 ter County; population (1880), 8,500. 
 
 Hotels: American, Black, Frank- 
 lin, Continental. 
 
 Advantageously situated on the 
 Susf[uehanna River. Columbia is a 
 thriving manufacturing and com- 
 mercial community. Has an opera 
 house and tw.- other halls. 
 
 Reached b;,- Peimsylvania Rail- 
 way, from Pli ideli)hia, vid Lancas- 
 ter, in 3 hour,'?. 
 
 Columbia (Tennessee). — Seat of 
 Maury County; population (1880), 
 3,500. 
 
 Hotels: Nelson, Bethel, Station, 
 Guest. 
 
 Pleasantly situated on the Duck 
 River in a very fertile tract of 
 country. Has large agricultural 
 and some manufacturing interests, 
 a college, an Opera House with 800 
 seats, an Atheuanim and Sumner 
 Hall. 
 
 Reached by Louisville and Nash- 
 ville Railway, from Nashville, in 2i 
 hours. 
 
 Columbus (Geor^.V/).— Seat of Mus- 
 cogee County; pijpulation (1880), 
 12,000. 
 
 Hotels: Central, Rankin. 
 
 Situated on the east bank of the 
 Chattahoochee River, opposite Gi- 
 rard ; it is the fifth town in size 
 and pr)pulation of Georgia, It is the 
 principal maimfacturing centre in 
 the South. The cotton manufactures 
 are extensive, and the surrounding 
 country has its principal market 
 here, cotton csi)ecially beinj; the 
 staple produce. It is well and re- 
 gularlj' built, and the houses are 
 surrounded Ijy well-kept gardens. 
 The Temperance Hall, the Sjirinyr 
 Opera House, the Ba)ik of Coluoihus, 
 the Georgia Jtome Insti ranee Build- 
 ing, the Court Home, Preshyteriati 
 Church, and various others, are very 
 noteworthy buildings. 
 
 There is a handsome bridge across 
 the river. The surrounding country 
 is interesting. 
 
 Reached by South-Western Rail- 
 way of Georgia, from Savannah, cid 
 Macon, in 14 hours. 
 
 Columbus (O///0).— Ca])ital of the 
 State, and seat of Franklin (!ounty ; 
 population (1880), 52,000. 
 
 Hotels: Park, Neil, American, 
 United States, St. Charles, Corrodi's. 
 
 liailicay St<(tions : The Union 
 Station iii High-strcet,where all the 
 railways converge. 
 
 Conveyances : Tramways to every 
 part of the town (fare, 5 cts.). 
 
 Theatres and Amusements : Grand 
 Opera House in High-street, Opera 
 House, City Hall, and some Music 
 Halls. 
 
 Reading Rooms and Library: The 
 former at most hotels, and also 
 at the State Library (-iS.CMK) volumes) 
 in the Capitol. 
 
 Clubs: The Union, the City. 
 Post and Telegraph Office .- In 
 High- street. 
 Bankers: First National Bank. 
 Medical : Dr. Crnig, Dr. Hall. 
 
 The town is situated upon the 
 east shore of the Scioto River, sur- 
 rounded by a rich and populous 
 country, and is the centre of nn 
 active trade. Settled first in 1812 
 it became the Capital in ISKi, and i:i 
 1831 had only -I.CMM) inhabitants. 
 
at of Mus- 
 
 on 
 
 1. 
 
 mk of the 
 )posite Gi- 
 ni in size 
 I, It is the 
 centre in 
 nnfacturcs 
 iiTonndinff 
 111 innrket 
 bcinj; the 
 11 iind rc- 
 louses are 
 , j^ardens. 
 e Spr'nijif'i' 
 ' ColiniifjiiM, 
 nvp litiihl- 
 rexhi/teridii 
 s, are vcry 
 
 d<?e across 
 ay; country 
 
 item Rail- 
 annah, chi 
 
 tal of the 
 n(!ounty ; 
 
 rnerican, 
 Corrodi's. 
 
 Union 
 ere all the 
 
 to every 
 ts.). 
 
 Grand 
 
 et, Opera 
 me Music 
 
 'iri/ : The 
 and also 
 volumes) 
 
 In 
 
 ity 
 
 fffce 
 
 Bank. 
 
 Hall. 
 
 ipon the 
 iver, sur- 
 populous 
 re of an 
 t in 1812 
 lo, and in 
 labitants. 
 
 COLUMBIA — COLUMHUt?. 
 
 "y r 
 
 1^ 
 
 n 
 
 The manufactories are numerous 
 and important, but its wealth and 
 increase are mainly due to the con- 
 centration of the State institutions. 
 It is rcK'ularly laid out, t'^e streets 
 Ijeing very wide. The finest is Broad- 
 ttreef, 120 feet wide, with a double 
 avenue of trees in the middle ; here, 
 and in Totoi-ffrett, are the finest 
 residences. The principal 1 usiness 
 centres ai'c in High-ffrcet, which is 
 asphalted, and 110 feet wide ; 
 Cdjiitnl-fqKare, with majpstic elms 
 and fine shrubberies and fiowers in 
 the centre of the town. 
 
 With regard to public buildings 
 Coluud)us is only surpassed by 
 "Washington in their number, archi- 
 tectural beauty, and grandeur. The 
 Cdiiitul, in Capitol-s<iuare, is a huge 
 Doric building in grey limestone. 
 Its dome is G-t feet in diameter and 
 100 feet high. The interior is very 
 a])propriately decorated, and the 
 Hall of Representatives, the Senate, 
 and other halls, are very highly 
 ornamented. The Deaf and Dumb 
 Axj^linii in Town-street, in Italian 
 Renaissance, is also very large 
 and handsome. Tlio State Peniten- 
 tiary on the east bank of the river 
 covers in all 30 atn'es, and its interior 
 arrangements j.re worthy of imita- 
 tion. The Lunatic AHylum, west of 
 the town, stand;! in about 300 acres 
 of ground on a small hill. These 
 buildings are in Italian Renais- 
 sance, and have a frontage of 1,200 
 feet, accommodating above 600 
 patients. Besides this thei-e is the 
 Idiot Axylnin, in Gothic architecture. 
 The Home of the Blind in the 
 eastern part of the town has the 
 Gothic Tudor architecture. '^IxcBar- 
 rack» are extensive, and in the midst 
 of beautifully wooded grounds in 
 the north-east suburbs of the town. 
 
 •inr City Hall, in State-street, 
 
 tlie Ixi'^h School, ia Broad-street, the 
 
 Odd Fclhux' Hall, :in High-street, 
 
 thf^ Holh Water Workf, close to the 
 
 ).: >utl .' the Olentangy River, the 
 
 pcra tfoKse and Union Station, in 
 High-street, arc all very noteworthy. 
 
 ihe State Library is in the Capitol ; 
 the Tnirrr»ify (Lutheran), in the 
 East .nd, the Ohio State Unicernity, 
 the Female Seminary of St. Mary's- 
 of-the-Spring$, with the Water Cure 
 close by, the Starling Medical Col- 
 lege, in State-street, are tlie chief 
 educational establishments. 
 
 Amongst the Churches, we men- 
 tion Trinity Church, in liroad-street, 
 the Second Frritbyierian, in Chapel- 
 street, the St. Jomejih'x Cathedral, in 
 Broad-street.and St. Fa urn (German 
 Lutneran), in High-street, as being 
 the most noteworthy in architcc, 
 tural beauty. 
 
 The Hare Orphan$' Home, the 
 Lying-in Hog}>'t(/f, the Catholic 
 Amylum and Jl innah Neil Mitsioti' 
 the Hospital of the Sisters of Mercy 
 and the Concent at West Columbus, 
 rank among the chief charitable 
 institutions and should be visited. 
 
 Gooddte, at the north end. City, at 
 the south end, are the principal 
 parks, Columbus Agi'leultural Society 
 Gardens, in the c.ist end, and 
 Franklin Cou nfy Af/ ri c n It u ral Society 
 Gardens (m3 acres), also in the east 
 end, aie the finest in the State. 
 Green Lawn Cemetert/ in worth a visit. 
 
 There are several points of attrac- 
 tion in the vicinity of Columbus. 
 
 Reached l»y Chicago, St. Louis 
 and Pittsburg Railway, from 
 Chicago, iit 15.V hours. 
 
 Columbus (Kentucky) .^ye-eLT Cniro ; 
 population (1180), l.SO*.). 
 
 Hotels : Columbus. 
 
 Situated on a lull conmianding a 
 view over the Mississiijpi River for 
 about five miles. It was strongly 
 fortified during the Civil War lh62- 
 65 by the Coniederates. It was 
 however evacuated after the fall of 
 forts Henry and Done^son. There 
 is little life in the town, and it is 
 rather in a decaying condition. 
 
 Reached by itiss mri Pacific Rail- 
 way, from St. Lduis, in i)\ hours. 
 
 Columbus (il/i^fV.-j^^/)').— Seat Jif 
 Lowndes County; po])ulation (1880), 
 5,500, 
 
 Hotels: Kennon, Gilmer, Dowsing. 
 
 Bankers ; First Naticmal Bank. 
 
 Medical : Dr. Jno. Brownrigg, Dr. 
 F. M. McCabe. 
 
 Advantageously situated on the 
 Tombigbee River, it is the centre 
 of the trade with the surrounding- 
 very fertile region. It likewise has 
 some manufactures, and hasseveml 
 fine buildings and large halls. 
 
 Reached by M<jbile an'l Ohio Rail- 
 way, from St. Louis, rid Cairo, in M 
 hours. 
 
76 
 
 BRADSHAW S UNITED STATES. 
 
 Illi 
 
 ^i: 
 
 Columbus (Nehntska), — Seat of 
 Platte County; population (1880), 
 2,3i)0. 
 Hotels: Columbus, 'Western. 
 
 Only very recently .settled, it is 
 growing rapidly as it is the market 
 for a verj' fertile region. It will bo 
 an important railway centre. To the 
 north-west of the town lie.s the 
 ff>rmer reservation grounds of the 
 P«?f»'V' Indians, one of the mo.st 
 savage of the native triljes. 
 
 Keached hy Union PHcific Rail- 
 way, from Omaha, eld Fremont, in 
 4 hours. 
 
 Coiumbus {Texas). — Near Houston 
 and San Antonio ; population (1880), 
 2,500. 
 Hotels : Houston House. 
 
 Charmingly situated on the west 
 bank of the Colorado River in a 
 very woody and fertile region. It 
 is principally engaged in shipping 
 cotton, cattle and dressed beef. 
 Has a prosperous future, but as yet 
 little to attract the tourist. 
 
 Reached by Galveston, Harris- 
 burg and San Antonio Railway,froiu 
 Houston, in 4 hours. 
 
 Concord {New Hampshire). — Capital 
 of the State and Seat of Merrimack 
 County; population (1880), 14,000. 
 
 Hotels: Phoenix, Eagle, Elm, 
 American. 
 
 A charming town, prettily 
 situated on the Merrimack River. 
 It is celebrated for its carriage 
 manufactories, mills, and granite 
 quarries. Its streets are regularly 
 laid out, with an abundance of 
 shady trees. State and Main streets 
 are tiie leading thoroughfares. The 
 City Hall and Cuui't House, onMain- 
 Bt root, the Capitol, on Capitol-square, 
 t\\G Lit n'ltic Asylum in the west part, 
 and the Prison in Affi in -street are 
 the principal buildiiigH. The Opera 
 House, the Phoenix, Eaple and City 
 Halls have all above 1,000 seats. 
 
 Reached by Roston and Lowcl' 
 and Central Vermont Railways, 
 from Boston, via Lowell, in ;J hours. 
 
 Concord {Massachusetts). — Near 
 Roston ; population (1880), 4,100. 
 J fife's: r^itv. 
 
 A thriving manufacturing com- 
 miinity, celebrated only on account 
 of the* battle in April, 1775, fought 
 close by. 
 
 Reached by Boston and Lowell 
 Railway from Boston, via Lowell, 
 in 3 hours. 
 
 Coney Island (iW «• York) .— Near 
 New York, and just outside the 
 enirance of New York Bay. 
 
 A favourite summer resort, with 
 several fine beaches for sea-bathing. 
 Noutous or Coney Island Point, 
 Rockaway Beach, West Brighton, 
 Brighton Beach, Mannhattan Beach, 
 are the principal stations. 
 
 Reacheil by steamer or boat from 
 New York in half-hour. 
 
 Conway {Neu- Hampshire). — In the 
 White Mountains ; population (1880), 
 2,100. 
 
 Hotels: Pequawket, Conwuy, 
 Grove. 
 
 A favourite summer resort, and 
 starting point for excursions into 
 the AVhite Mountains, commanding 
 very fine scenery. It is cpiiet and 
 refined, and therefore preferred to 
 North Conway, which is closer to 
 the Mountains. Excursions to 
 Chocorna Lake, Conway Centre, 
 Chatham, Champney's Falls, Diana^s 
 Bath^ Echo Lake and Cathedral and 
 msiny others are noteworthy. 
 
 Reached by Eastern Railway, 
 from Boston, in 8 hours. 
 
 Cooperstown (-ZVew York).— On 
 Otsego Lake; population (1880), 
 2,200. 
 
 Hotels: Fenimore Cooper, Central. 
 Bankers : First National Bank. 
 Medical: Dr. Hills, Dr. W. F. 
 Bassett, Dr. H. Lathrop. 
 
 A village with charming scenery 
 at the south end of the Otsego Lake 
 liigh in the Hills ; a favourite sum- 
 mer resort, with bracihg air. I. 
 Fenimore Cooper, the novelist, lived 
 and died here, and thou,:hhis house 
 was destroye(l by fire in 1854, the site 
 is still pointed out, and his tomb is 
 near Christ Church. This whole 
 region has be(-n celebrated by 
 his i)en. A monument has been 
 erected in Lakewood Cemetery. Ex- 
 cursion to Hannah's Hill, Bum Hill, 
 
> 
 
 [•ing com- 
 n account 
 75, fought 
 
 Lcl Lowell 
 a Lowell. 
 
 t) . — Near 
 tside the 
 ay. 
 
 sort, with 
 i-bathinpr. 
 ul roiiit, 
 Bris'hton, 
 an Beach, 
 
 boat from 
 
 I.— In the 
 
 iion(lSSO), 
 
 Conway, 
 
 \sort, and 
 
 iions into 
 
 imanrlinsr 
 
 (uiet and 
 
 ferred to 
 
 closer to 
 
 ions to 
 
 Cell f re, 
 
 , J)i(i)ia^» 
 
 drill and 
 
 y. 
 Railway, 
 
 \).— On 
 k (1880), 
 
 I, Central. 
 lUank. 
 W. F. 
 
 scenery 
 )ffo Lake 
 fite sum- 
 air. I. 
 tst, lived 
 Vs house 
 I, the site 
 Itoml) is 
 whole 
 ited by 
 been 
 |ry. Ex- 
 Ik w Hilf, 
 
 COLL'MBUS — COUNCIL BLUFFS. 
 
 7f 
 
 Mount Vmon, Leather SfocJcingt Fall 
 tn/ft C(f(v, Mnhrgun Glen, Cherry 
 Vi.ilhjj, Shiiron Sprhii/s, and Richfield 
 Siirui'i/s are all within easy distance 
 and " equally interostinf,'. Two 
 steamers ply on Otsego Lake, which 
 teams with' lish, and affords excel- 
 lent I»f)atiug. Its waters are clear 
 and placid. 
 
 Reached by Delaware and Hudson 
 Canal and Co'operstown and Susque- 
 hannnh Valioy Railway, from 
 Albany, vid Junction, in three- 
 fiuarters of an hour. 
 
 Corinne (Z'fa'h).—At the north end 
 of Salt Lake; population (1880), 
 700. 
 
 Hot Is: Central. 
 
 A Mormon town of some import- 
 ance, having some trade with the 
 surrounding raining countries. It 
 is only intorestiag as having in its 
 vicinity Promontory Point, the place 
 where the two Railway Companies 
 joined their tracks in 1869. 
 
 Reached by Union Pacific Rail- 
 way, from Omaha, cid Ogden, in 27 
 hours. 
 
 Corinth. ( 3/; .ys/ss ?>;)/).— Seat of 
 Alcorn Count v ; population (1880), 
 2,500. 
 
 Jloft'Js : Norris, Conti'al, Corinth. 
 
 Bankers : Sokels and Rubel. 
 
 Mrdionl : Dr. Y\'. B. Sanford, Dr. 
 R. W. Young, Dr. Steel. 
 
 A small thriving town with two 
 railways running through. Has 
 sonio commercial and large agricul- 
 tural pursuits. Opera House with 
 GOi> scats. 
 
 Reached by East Tennessee, Vir- 
 ginia and Georgia Railway, from 
 Memphis, via Middleton, in 3| 
 hours. 
 
 Corning {Xev: l«r^).— Seat of Steu- 
 ben County; population (1880), 
 5,000. 
 
 Jlutds: Barry, American, Dickin- 
 son, St. James. 
 
 A man lifac taring town on Chen 
 ning Rivor and Canal. There is an 
 Ol)era House with 1,400 seats. In 
 the neighbourhood is the Glen Dis- 
 trict. 
 
 Reached by iSjlnware, Lacka- 
 
 wanna and Western Railway, from 
 Buffalo, via Dansville, in 1 hours. 
 
 Corry (^Pennsylvania) — Y^viQ County ; 
 population (1880), 5,500. 
 
 Hotels : Kent, St. James, Phaniix 
 Commercial. 
 
 Settled in 1801, in consequence of 
 the oil wells discovery it is now 
 a thriving town. It has several 
 churches, banks daily papers ; and 
 the Downer Oil Works are worthy 
 an inspection. The City Hall and 
 Harmony O^iera House tiro extensive. 
 
 Reached by Bullalo, New York 
 and Philadelphia Railway, from 
 Buffalo, via Dunkirk, in 4 hours. 
 
 Corsicana {Texas).— Sca,t of Navarro 
 County; popidation (1880), 3,500. 
 
 Hotels: O'Neal, Mackay, Malloy. 
 
 A recently settled but very 
 thriving town near Austin, largely 
 engaged in stock or cattle ranches 
 and cotton plantations. The Court 
 House iind Opera House are the prin- 
 cipal buildings. 
 
 Reached by Houston and Texas 
 Central Railway, from Houston, vid 
 Hempstead, in 9 hours. 
 
 Coshocton (OA/o).— Seat of County 
 of same name; population (1880), 
 3,100. 
 
 Hotels: MacDonald, Park, Price, 
 Central. 
 
 A very picturesquely built town 
 on the confluence of the Walhoud- 
 ing and Tuscarawas Rivers, situated 
 on four natural terraces rising from 
 the Ijanks. Commercial and great 
 manufacturing interests, flour mills. 
 There is an Opera House and a Citu 
 Hall. * 
 
 Reached by Pitts))urg, Cincinnati 
 and St. Louis Railway, fmm Pitts- 
 burg, via Mansfield, in 5 hours. 
 
 Council Bluffs (foM'^).— Seat of 
 Pottawattamie Couutv ; ix>pulation 
 (1880), 18,5(M). 
 
 Hotels: Pacific, Union Pacific, 
 Ogden. 
 
 A town of, very recent growth, 
 situated oi high bluffs, three miles 
 east of the Missouri River, whence 
 it takes its names. Here centre all 
 
78 
 
 BRADSHAW S UNITED STATES. 
 
 ii!l 
 
 the railwa^rs connecting with the 
 Union Pacific Railway, at Omaha 
 on the opposite bank of the river. 
 It is well laid out and regularly 
 built of brick. The greatest attrac- 
 tion is the Missouri Sridge, which is, 
 with its approaches, nearly a mile 
 long and has 11 arches. Fine view 
 from the bridge along the lied of the 
 river. The Ciiy Hall, Court House, 
 High School, Institution for the Deaf 
 and Dumb and 9 churches are the 
 principal buildings. There is also 
 SiLihrary and Young Men's Christian 
 Association with reading room. The 
 Opera House has 1,500 seats. 
 
 Reached by Chicago and North- 
 Western Railway, from Chicago, in 
 21 hours. 
 
 Covington {Kentucky)^— ^e&i of 
 Kenton County ; population (1880), 
 30,000. 
 
 Hotels: Ashbrook, Clinton, Na- 
 tional, Central. 
 
 Covington is properly speaking a 
 suburb of Cincinnati, though it is 
 also the second town in population 
 in Kentucky. It is very well laid 
 out, beautifully built, aiid has very 
 many fine residential mansions of 
 business men of Cincinnati; the 
 United States Post Office and Court 
 Building, the City Hall and Court 
 House, the public Library, the 
 Hospital of St. Elizabeth and Orphan 
 Asylum are all fine buildings. There 
 are also several Public Halls. 
 
 Reached by Suspension Bridge 
 froiu Cincinnati in quarter-hour. 
 
 Crawford sville {Indiana).— Seat 
 of Montgomery County ; population 
 (1880), 5,500. 
 
 Hotels: Sherman, St. James, 
 Nutt's. 
 
 Beautifully situated in a fertile 
 and well-wooded agricultural re- 
 gion, for which it is the market. 
 Also some coal mining in the vicin- 
 ity. Has a prosperous future. The 
 Wabash College with about 300 stu- 
 dents and a library of 12,00 volumes. 
 There are two public halls. 
 
 Reached by Louisville, New Al- 
 bany, and Chicago Railway, from 
 Chicago, vid Monon, in 6 hours. 
 
 Cresco (Joira).— Seat of Howard 
 County; population (1880), 1,000. 
 
 Strother, Dill- 
 
 Ilotels : Mason, 
 worth. Van Slyke. 
 
 An agricultural town, having a 
 considerable trade with surround- 
 ing fertile regions. A Public Hall. 
 
 Reached by Chicago, Milwaukee 
 nnd St. Paul Railway, from St. 
 Paul vid Austin, in 7 hours. 
 
 Cresson Springs {Pennsyli-ania).~ 
 Near Altoona; population (1,880), 
 100. 
 
 Hotels : Mountain House. 
 
 A small place, consisting only of 
 houses for the accommodation of 
 summer guests, who come hither to 
 drink the chalybeate waters, but 
 more for the delightfully cool and 
 invigorating air. There are seven 
 springs, and the whole place can 
 accommodate about 2,000 guests. 
 The scenery ai'ound is magnificent, 
 and offers a wide field for excur- 
 sions. 
 
 Reached by Pennsylvania Rail- 
 way from Harrislnirg", cid Altoona, 
 in 7 hours. 
 
 Creston {Iowa). — Union County; 
 population (1880) , 5,200. 
 
 Hotels : Commercial, Summit, 
 Metropolitan, Creston, Revere. 
 
 A manufacturing town, princi- 
 pally thriving on the repair shops of 
 the Railway Company. A little 
 commerce with the surrounding- 
 country. There is an 0})era House. 
 
 Reached by Chicago, Burlington 
 and Quincy Railway, from Chicago, 
 vid Galesburg. in l(i hours. 
 
 Cumberland {Maryland) .—-Sea.t of 
 Alleghany County ; population 
 (1880), 10,700. 
 
 Hotels: Queen City, St. Nicholas, 
 City, Washington. 
 
 A busy manufacturing town, and 
 in size and popiilation the second in 
 Maryland. It is beautifully situated 
 and built in the form of an amphi- 
 theatre. It dominates the Potomac 
 River. The Chesapeake and Ohio 
 Canals pass the town. Besides its 
 rolling mills andsteel manufactories 
 it has little to interest the tourist ; 
 
 ;« 
 
 'i 
 
C V I NGTOX — DA N V I L L E . 
 
 79 
 
 Howartl 
 1,000. 
 
 er, Dill- 
 
 urround- 
 lic Hall, 
 ilwaukec 
 from St. 
 
 vania). — 
 1 (1,880), 
 
 ? only of 
 lation of 
 hither to 
 ters, but 
 tool and 
 ire seven 
 i)lace can 
 ) guests. 
 1,'nificent, 
 5r excur- 
 
 nia Rail- 
 Altoona, 
 
 County ; 
 
 Summit, 
 ere. 
 
 princi- 
 shops of 
 A little 
 •ounding- 
 a House. 
 irlington 
 Chicago, 
 
 -Seat of 
 pulation 
 
 Nicholas, 
 
 wn, and 
 econd in 
 situated 
 amphi- 
 otomac 
 nd Ohio 
 jides its 
 actories 
 tourist ; 
 
 there is an Academy of Music 
 (Theatre) and a Hall. 
 
 Reached by Baltimore and Ohio 
 RailwH.v, from Baltimore, c'ti 
 Harper's forrv^ in 5 hours. 
 
 Dallas (Tf'rn' .■«).— Seat of Dallas 
 County ; population (1880), 10,500. 
 
 Hotels : Lamar, (irand Windsor, 
 St. George, National. 
 
 The commercial capital of North- 
 ern Texas, situated on the Trinity 
 River, is well built, and regidarly 
 laid out. It has numerous manufac- 
 tures, great agricultural interests, 
 and an extensive trade. The Fenmlc 
 Colleje (Methodist), the Male and 
 Female College (Baptist), the Court 
 House, the Catholic and Epincopal 
 Churches, and the Opera House, are 
 all neat buildings. Only of recent 
 settlement. 
 
 Reached by Houston and Texas 
 Central Raihvay, from Houston, via 
 Hempstead, in 12 hours. 
 
 Dalles City (Ojv^ou).— Second city 
 of Oregon ; population (1880), 2,700. 
 
 Hotth : Washington, Town. 
 
 Entrance to the grandest scenery 
 of the Columbia River. It has some 
 manufacturing interests and con- 
 siderable trade with the surround- 
 ing region. There are five public 
 halls, live churches, several news- 
 papers, five banks, and fine water 
 works. 
 
 Reached by Oregon Railway, 
 from Portland, in 6 hours. 
 
 Dalton (<7<?or5'(Vi).— Seat of Whitfield 
 County; population (1880), 2,600. 
 
 Hotels : Exchange, National, 
 Rudd. 
 
 Situated in a valley surrounded 
 by high mountains. It played an 
 Important role in the campaign of 
 18^, and was strongly fortiffed by 
 General Johnson. There are some 
 manufactories, but it is principally 
 engaged in the retail trade with the 
 surrounding agricultural district. 
 It is renowned for its male and fe- 
 male colleges. There is a large hall 
 used as a theatre. 
 
 Reached by Western and Atlantic 
 Railway, from Atlanta,rtd Kingston, 
 in 4 hours. 
 
 Danbury {Coiiuccfirnf), — Seat of 
 Fairfield County; i)oi)ulation (1880), 
 11,700. 
 
 Hotels : Wooster Hou-;o, Tvirner. 
 
 Situated on the Still River it is 
 the principal centre in the United 
 States, of the hat manufactory. Was 
 burnt by British forces in 1777. It is 
 also vi.sited as a summer station as 
 the surrounding country is very 
 beautiful. There are several l)anks, 
 churches, and newsi)apers, but little 
 to interest the tourist. Opera House, 
 
 Reached by Housatonic Railway, 
 from New York, via Brookfiekl 
 Junction, in 3J hours. 
 
 Dansville {yew York). — Livingston 
 County; population (1885), 4,5(Mt. 
 
 Hotels: The Sanatorium, The 
 Hyland House. 
 
 A quiet village, charmingly situ- 
 ated among the hills at the liead of 
 the Genesee Valley. Celebrated as 
 a health resort for chronic invalids. 
 On the hillside overlooking the town 
 is " The Sanatorium" (Drs. Jackson 
 and Leffingwell), the largest and 
 most complete establishment of the 
 kind in America. 
 
 Reached by Delaware and Lacka- 
 wanna Railroad, from New York, 
 without change of cars, in 10 hours. 
 
 Danvers {Massachusetts). — Essex 
 County; population (1880), 6,500. 
 
 Hotels: Central, Danvers. 
 
 A boot and shoe manufacturing 
 town, with several philanthropic in- 
 stitutions. 
 
 Reached by Boston and Maine 
 Railway (Western Division), from 
 Boston, in 1 hour. 
 
 Danville (-T^/tHo:,).— Seat of Ver- 
 million County ; population (1880), 
 7,200. 
 
 Hotels : Arlington, Tremont, 
 .^tna, St. James, Sherman. 
 
 Beautifully situated on the Big 
 Vermillion River, it is a great rail- 
 way centre, and has a promising 
 future as a manufacturing town. 
 It has extensive trade in ])roduce, 
 timber, coal mining, &c., and several 
 good educational establishments are 
 situated here. There is an Opera 
 
80 
 
 lUiADSHAW S LNiTKD STATK 
 
 ill 
 
 :i|M 
 
 
 Jloune, and two Halls for lecturCB, 
 concerts, &c. 
 
 lleached by Chicaiu'o and Enst- 
 cm Illinois Railway, t'roin Chicago, 
 in a hours. 
 
 Danville {Kentucky). — Seat of Boyle 
 County; population (1880), 3, 1(X). 
 
 Hot eh: Gilcher's, Central, Cle- 
 ment's. 
 
 A small town with some manu- 
 factories, and a pood trade with the 
 surrounding country. Hns the 
 county buildings, Deaf and Dumb 
 Asylum and Centre College. The 
 James Hall has 4(X1 seats. 
 
 Reached by Cincinnati, New 
 Orleans and Texas Pacitie Railway, 
 from Cincinnati, via Lexington, in 
 4 hours. 
 
 Danville {Petnmjh-ama). — Seat of 
 Montour County, population (1880), 
 8,400. 
 
 Hotels: City, Danville, Montour. 
 
 A thriving town with large manu- 
 facturing interests. The Montour 
 Works are very extensive, and the 
 Lunatic Asylum is worth an inspec- 
 tion. There is an Opera House and 
 a Music Hall. 
 
 Reached by Delaware, Lacka- 
 wanna and Western, Railway from 
 Northumberland, in \ hour. 
 
 Danville {Virginia). — Pittsyl- 
 vania County ; population (1880), 
 7,G00. 
 
 Hotels : Hancock, Arlington.AVind- 
 sor. 
 
 Pleasantly situated on the Dan 
 River. Market of best tobacco- 
 growing region in Virginia. Very 
 active trade and cotton mills. Ex- 
 tensive agricultural interests. 
 Nothing of particular interest to 
 the tourist. There is an Opera 
 House, and two other halls. 
 
 Reached by Virginia Midland 
 Railway, from Washington, via 
 Charlottesville, in IO5 hours. 
 
 Davenport {Iowa). — Seat of Scott 
 County; population (1880), 22,000. 
 
 Hotels: St. James, Kimball, New- 
 comb, Ackley. 
 
 A fine town situated on the Missi- 
 
 Bsippi River opposite Rock Island. 
 It is regularly laid out 3\ miles 
 along the river on gradually rising 
 ground, and presents a fine view 
 from the river. It is the second 
 city in size and population in lowii, 
 and the great grain depot of the 
 upper Mississippi. A very tine 
 railwa.y and passenger bridge con- 
 nects the two banks of the river. 
 There is an Arsenal with a fine 
 annoury. Tramwaj's run iji the 
 princii)al streets, and being situated 
 in the heart of extensive coal fields 
 it has some mining and manufac- 
 turing interests. The County Buihh 
 dings, Citif JLdl, Opera House, smd 
 several churches and schools iiro 
 fine building's. The Aaidtihy 
 {Roman Catholic), Griswold College 
 with library, the Academy of Natural 
 Science,t\y6 Medical Societies arc the 
 leading educational establishments. 
 The Library Association with a 
 library of afjout 5,000 volumes, and 
 the Iowa Orphanage are likewise 
 noteworthy. The Jiock Island in the 
 Mississippi River is the site of 
 the United States Arsenal and 
 workshops and the sun-ounding 
 grounds are worthy an inspection. 
 Reached l>y Chicago, Rnck 
 Island and^ Pacific Railway, from 
 Chicago, via Jollict, in 8 hours. 
 
 Dayton {Ohio). — Seat of M<jnt- 
 gomerj"- County ; population (1880), 
 39,000. 
 
 Hotels: Bcckel, Phillipp's, Mer- 
 chant's, Schieble. 
 
 A beautiful and very pros])erou,s 
 town, situated at the confluence of 
 the Mad and Miami Rivers and on 
 the Miami Canal. It is regularly 
 laid out in fine, well-shaded streets, 
 bordered by houses standing in nice 
 gardens. The public buildings are 
 unusually fine. A very consider- 
 able water power makes Dayton a 
 centre of great industrial activity, 
 and its manufactories are very 
 varied and extensive. Its being 
 the centre of a large agri- 
 cultural district, combined with 
 easy and cheap communication by 
 land or water, adds considerably to 
 its commercial importance. It has 
 upwards of 50 churches, and its 
 educational resources are very ex- 
 tensive and renowned. The Old 
 County Court Hoiise is a model of the 
 
 
 
DAWlLliK - DKLl'lIOS. 
 
 81 
 
 ck Island. 
 
 3\ miles 
 iilly risiuj^ 
 
 fine view 
 he fccoiul 
 n ill lown, 
 [)6t of the 
 very tine 
 ridf^'e con- 
 the river, 
 n'ith a fine 
 [in in the 
 igsituiitcd 
 coiil fields 
 
 manufac- 
 vntif Buihh 
 'JuHiff, ;ind 
 :?hools iiio 
 
 Ai'iiih itii) 
 )I(l Cullci/c 
 of ^\i turn/ 
 ties arc the 
 lishmonts. 
 I with a 
 umes, and 
 } likewise 
 land in the 
 le site of 
 scnal and 
 irroundiny 
 spection. 
 o, linck 
 
 ay, from 
 .oui>. 
 
 of Mcnit- 
 on (1880), 
 
 >l)'s, Mer- 
 
 osperou.s 
 uence of 
 rs and on 
 regularly 
 d streets, 
 ng in nice 
 ings are 
 consider- 
 Dayton a 
 activity, 
 ire very 
 ts being 
 
 e agri- 
 ed with 
 ation by 
 erably to 
 . It has 
 
 and its 
 very ex- 
 The Old 
 lei of the 
 
 tj 
 
 
 ParLheuon in white marl tie, and is a 
 very massive biiildinir. The JS'tir 
 Court Honrc is adjoining, but of loss 
 expensive material. The munic'i])al 
 othces are on the second story of 
 one of the covered markets, of which 
 there arc three, all eiiunlly well 
 adapted for their purjjose. The 
 Cooper Semintirj/ for young ladies is 
 very cclebrate(l. The pul>lic Scliool 
 Library has about 2(),(KM» volumes. 
 The Central Nutiunal Soldhrni' J£o)ur, 
 in ground extending over CK) acres, 
 is about two miles from the town. 
 It consists of over 40 line large 
 buildings, church, hospital, etc., all 
 of which arc models in their np- 
 l)ointmeuts. About 4,(HK) invalids 
 occupy the Home, and the grounds 
 are very Ijcautifully laid out. The 
 charitable institutions are : Tlie 
 CoiDity Orphan Ani/liim, the Coiniti/ 
 Almtthoiise, and the Lunatic Asylum, 
 all of which merit an insjiection. 
 There is an Opera Jlouxe and tw*) 
 large music halls. Six railway lines 
 converge here, occupying all the 
 same station. It has a great future, 
 the inhabitants being very enter- 
 prising. 
 
 Re.i'.'lied by Cincinnati Northern 
 Railway, from Cincinnatti, in 3 
 hours. 
 
 Decatur (////«oj<t)— Scat of Macon 
 County; population (1S80), 9,500. 
 
 Hotels : Central, New Deming 
 Palace, St. Nicholas. 
 
 Pleasantly situated on the Sanga- 
 mim River, this is a thriving little 
 town, with small manufacturing and 
 conmiercial pursuits. It has some 
 good public buildings, and an Opera 
 House, with 1,400 seats. 
 
 Reached l)y "Wabash, St. Louis, 
 and Pacific Railway, from Chicago, 
 in 7-2 hours. 
 
 Defiance (OAio).— Seat of Defiance 
 County; population (18S0), 6,000. 
 
 Hotels: Rus^ ' li, Empire, Crossby, 
 American, Ceitrai. 
 
 A small ma, ufaciuring and agri- 
 cultural commi!n't\ , with a few in- 
 
 There 
 
 significant public buildings, 
 is an Opera House and a 
 Hall. 
 
 Reached by Baltimore and Ohio 
 Railway, from Ciaicago, in 7 hours. 
 
 Delaware [Ohio). - Seat of Delaware 
 C(nmtyj poi)ulatiou (18S0), 7,'n>i). 
 
 Hotels: American, Central, St. 
 Charles, Powell. 
 
 A thriving manufacturing iii ul 
 commercial town on the 01ent!iiiL'"y 
 River. Ruilt upon undulating 
 ground, its position is jileasniit, und 
 it is neatly built. The 1l'e,lii;ii:i 
 I'liicer-yify, founded in IS8.'<, has a 
 libniry ot i;{,(HH) voluinos, and the 
 Wesleyan Female ColUi/e, built in 
 1805, arc amongst the best buildiiius 
 in the town. Thore is a mineral 
 spring, which is used. The Optra 
 House is spiicidus. 
 
 Reached by Cleveland, Columbus, 
 Cincinnati and IndianHpolis Rail- 
 way, from Cincinnati, via .Sjiring- 
 fieul, in 5 hours. 
 
 Delaware Water Gap {Peuh' 
 sylcania). — Ntiir Dela^^aro, New 
 Jerse3\ 
 
 Hotels: Water Gap, Kittatinny, 
 Mountain, Glenwood. 
 
 A favourite summer resort, noted 
 for its very wild scenery. The most 
 important point, whence the name, 
 is a chasm formed 1 ly Kittatinny and 
 Blue Mountains about 1 ,000 feet high 
 and nearly two miles long. The rcjcks 
 are so near eacu other that there 
 remains scarcely room for the river 
 and the railway. The mountains (m 
 each side are resi)ectively called 
 Minsi and Taumsany. Favourite 
 excursions are to Table Rock, Caldeno 
 Creek and Hunter's Sprinff, Diana 
 Bath, Mosa Cataract, Lover's Lcap^ 
 Prospect Bock, Mount Tammany^ 
 Indian Ladder Bluff, Cold Air Cave, 
 Benners Spring, and Boiut of Hocks, 
 Buttermilk Falls, Bushkill and Mar- 
 shall Falls, and Cherry Valley, to 
 Stroudsburg and Spragueeille. 
 
 Reached by New York, Susque- 
 hanna and Western Railway, from 
 New York, in 2| hours. 
 
 Delphos (0/iio).— Allen and Van 
 Wert Counties ; population (1880), 
 3,000. 
 
 Hotels: Brown's, St. Charles, 
 Delphos, Hoehn's, Mansion, Phelan, 
 Rose. 
 
 Advantageously situated on the 
 Miami and Erie Canal. It is the 
 centre of three railway lines, and 
 
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 IMAGE EVALUATION 
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 vl 
 
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 Photographic 
 
 Sciences 
 Corporation 
 
 33 WEl'T MAIK STREIT 
 
 WEBSTER, h.y. vno 
 
 (716) a72-4SG3 
 
 v 
 
 4 
 
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 82 
 
 lii;Al)SlIANV S LNITKD STATKS. 
 
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 liiis some manufactoricH. Thorcare 
 Hoaie public buildiii^'f*, sind two 
 ismall halls. 
 
 Reached by PittHl)Uv;?, Kort Wayne 
 Mild Chicaifo Railway from Cliicsij^n, 
 vid Fort Wa^'iie, in h hours. 
 
 Penison ( r^^j-rf*).— Gray son Countj' ; 
 population (1*!«H0), 4,5(K». 
 
 ll'ifeh: Cameron, rianters, 
 Laiuar, White House. 
 
 An important railway centre, but 
 UH yot mostly enpa^e*! in affricul- 
 turo. It was settled in \hT1. There 
 aro soma tlour mills and other 
 manufactories. It is surrounded 
 by a. very fertile region, and has a 
 promising future. Thco is an 
 Op r./ Houise with 700 scaty. 
 
 Rc:icheil In' Houston and Texas 
 Central Railway, from Houston, via 
 Hempstead, in 15 hours. 
 
 Denver (Co/omrfo).— Capital of the 
 State anil Seat of Arapahoe County' ; 
 population (1880), 35,700. 
 
 lldtt'L-i: Windsor, St, James, 
 American, Grand Central, Charpiot, 
 Tromont, Alvorck, Brunswick, 
 liiudell. 
 
 Bankfrs: Denver National Bank. 
 
 Medical : Dr. Denison, Dr. Lemon, 
 Dr. J. C. Davis. 
 
 Ticket and Exciirf!io)i Agents: 
 Thomas Cook & Son, 428, Larimer- 
 Htreet. 
 
 This, the larjfcst town in Colorado, 
 :s situated at the confluence of the 
 Cherry Creek and Stuith I'latte 
 River and near the foot of the 
 Rocky Mountains. Its situation is 
 beautiful, on a series of i-lateaux 
 facing the mountains, which are 
 «een to great advantage. It is an 
 important railway centre, with great 
 commercial activity, and is very 
 closely and irregularly built of red 
 bricks. The United Stafcs Mint is 
 situated here ; numerous handsome 
 commercial buildings, fine churches, 
 schools, a Orand Opera JIou$e, and 
 three ether Halls, manufactories, 
 private residential mansions will 
 interest the tourist. Denver is 
 the centre for all excursions in 
 Colorado. The Smelting and 
 Refining Works are worth inspec- 
 tion. The bullion sent from here 
 
 reaches above 22,000,000 dollars 
 annually. 
 
 Reached by Burlington and 
 Missouri Railway, from Kansas 
 City, via Atchison, in 22 J hours. 
 
 De Pere {Witconnin). -'■ Brown 
 County; population (1880), ■t,0(Nj. 
 
 J£otel$: Commercial, Transit. 
 
 A thriving commercial and manu- 
 facturing town on both sides of 
 the Upper Fox River. It is visited 
 by the largest lake steamers. Kx- 
 tensive blast furnaces turn out 
 large quantities of pig iron. There 
 are alsf) railway car manufactories. 
 Three and a-half miles west is the 
 Oneida Indian reservation, vrith about 
 1,000 Indians. Fort Jloirard and 
 Green Bay are also close by. 
 
 Reached l)y Chicago, Milwaukee 
 and St. Paul Railway from Chicago, 
 vid Milwaukee, thence l)y Milwaukee 
 and Northern Railway,*in 7^ hours. 
 
 Desmoines (/o»'v/).— Capital of the 
 State and Seat of Polk Countv; 
 population (1880), 25,000. 
 
 Hotels: Aborn, Kirkwood, Capital 
 City, Sabin, Gault, Morgan. 
 
 Advantageously situated at the 
 conrtuence of the Desmoines with 
 the Racoon River, and an important 
 railway centre, with extensive 
 interests in manufacturing and 
 agricultural jjursuits. The town is 
 laid out 8(iuare, both rivers intersect 
 It, and are spanned by eight bridges. 
 The business centres are near the 
 rivers, and the residential quarter is 
 on the higher ground. A splendid 
 Capitol has been erected. The old 
 capitol, erected in 1850, is now 
 abandoned. Another very hand- 
 some building is the Post Ojffice^ 
 accommodating at same time the 
 United States Courts and other 
 federal offices. Drake University, 
 Caiman Cbllege, two Medical Col leges, 
 the State and Fublic Libraries, a 
 Baptist College, and several other 
 public schools are muc^. frequented, 
 and some occui)y fine buildings. 
 There aa*e numerous churches and 
 charitable institutions. Other note- 
 worthy ))uildings are the Orand 
 Opera House and the City Hall, the 
 Turner Academy of Music, Lewis 
 Opera House, Ac. The State House 
 and other public offices are on the 
 
DKNISON — DETROIT. 
 
 ss 
 
 (InlUirH 
 
 )n and 
 Kansas 
 ours. 
 
 - Brown 
 , ■l,iK»J. 
 
 msit. 
 1(1 manu- 
 sitles of 
 is visited 
 crs. Kx. 
 turn out 
 1. There 
 factories, 
 ;8t is the 
 'ith about 
 ward and 
 
 r. 
 
 [ihvaukeu 
 
 Chica>?o, 
 
 [ilwaukee 
 
 7^ hours. 
 
 t,al of the 
 County ; 
 
 Id, Capital 
 
 at the 
 
 ines witlt 
 
 mportant 
 
 extensive 
 
 ing and 
 
 town is 
 
 intersect 
 
 t bridges. 
 
 near the 
 
 luarter is 
 
 splendid 
 
 The old 
 
 is now 
 •y hand- 
 le Office, 
 time the 
 nd other 
 ''nifer$it]f, 
 
 Colleqef, 
 raricB, a 
 pal other 
 quented, 
 uildings. 
 ches and 
 her note- 
 Gran*/ 
 Hall, the 
 c, Lewis 
 te House 
 ■e on the 
 
 east, while the larjrer portion of the 
 town is on the west shore of the Dos- 
 jnoines River. There is a Park (40 
 acres) with large fair grounds and 
 Sace Courre north-west of the town. 
 Another park of K) acres has just 
 been laid out. Close ]>y are the 
 thriving towns of Avoca and Atlan- 
 tic. 
 
 Reached by Chicago, Burlington 
 and Quincy Railway, from Chicago, 
 via Galesburg, in 16 hours. 
 
 Desoto (Misgonri). — Jefferson Coun- 
 ty; population (1880), 2,(X)0. 
 
 Hofeh: De Soto, Jefferson, Turley, 
 European. 
 
 Finely situated about 42 miles 
 from St. Louis ; very thriving, and 
 occupied chiefly in manufacturing, 
 stone (luarries, and commerce. 
 There are large machine and rail- 
 way truck shops here. 
 
 Reached by St. Louis, Iron Moun- 
 tain and Southern Railway, from 
 St. Louis, in 2 hours. 
 
 Detroit {Minnei'ot<i).~Se(it of Becker 
 County; population (1880), 2,000. 
 
 Hotel*: American, Lakeside, Wil- 
 son, Detroit, North-Wc stern. 
 
 Beautifully situated on the banks 
 of the Detroit Lake, it is (juickly 
 becoming the fashionable summer 
 resort of Minnesota and adjoining 
 States. There are some mineral 
 springs, and the lake, having a cir- 
 cumferLiicc of 37 miles, affords good 
 fishing, and the well-wooded shores 
 capital Imnting. It is in the centre 
 of the beautiful lake and park re- 
 gion. Many of the wealthy inhal)i- 
 tants of Minneapolis, St. Louis, St. 
 Paul, etc., have their summer bouses 
 here. There is an opera house, with 
 800 seats. 
 
 Reached by Northern Pacific Rail- 
 waj^ from St. Paul, in 13 hours. 
 
 Detroit (3ficA»fl«M).— Seat of "Wayne 
 County; population (1880), 136,000. 
 
 Hotels: The Russell, on Campus 
 Martius ; Griswold, on Griswold- 
 street ; the Kirkwood, on Munroe- 
 avenue ; Michigan Exchange, Bruns- 
 wick, Cass, Franklin, Rice, Tre- 
 mont. 
 
 Bettaurants, Cufen : Griswold 
 House. 
 
 Conveyances : Tramways to all the 
 
 {)rincipal parts of the town, ferry 
 )oat3 to the Canadian side and 
 Windsor ; (omnibuses at stations 
 and landing stages, hackney car- 
 riages at different points of the 
 town, but excessively dear. To bar- 
 gain for. 
 
 Theatres a)ici Amuseinentg : "Whit- 
 ney's Grand Opera, Detroit Ojiera, 
 Park, White's, and Grar.d Theatres, 
 and various Music Halls. 
 
 l.ihnirii and Reading Ronmn : The 
 Public Library, with 45,000 volumes ; 
 the Young Men's Sofiety, with 
 14,0<H) volumes ; and Reading Rooms 
 at iirincipal Hotels. 
 
 Clubs: The Union. 
 
 Post and Telegraph Offire : Adjoin- 
 ing the Custom House, in Griswold- 
 Btreet, ojion from 8 a.m. to p.m. 
 
 Bankers : Bank of Detroit. 
 Medical : Dr, Peak, Dr. Orth. 
 
 Tick<'t and Excursion Aqtntt: 
 Thomas Cook & Son, 07 '& 60, 
 Griswold-street. 
 
 The site of Detroit was visited by 
 the French as early as 1610; settled 
 only in 1701, l)y building Fort Pont- 
 chartrain. lii 1796 the United 
 States took possession, iind in 1824 
 it was incor]>oratecl hs a town, it 
 having then about 2,000 inhubitanvs. 
 To-day it has near 160,(Ki(». The 
 manufactories are extensive ; and 
 the live and dead meat trade and 
 tlsh and fruit canning give employ- 
 ment to a great number of hands. 
 
 It is the chief town of Michigan, 
 though not the capital, and situate<l 
 on the Detroit River, 7 miles below 
 St. Clair and 18 miles above Erie 
 Lake, with a frontage on the river 
 above 8 miles long. For at least 
 6 miles along the rivf3r the scene 
 presents a most bustling activity, 
 here being situated the wharfs, ship- 
 yards, dry docks, mills, elevatorn, 
 &c. It is laid out on a douf)le {ilan in 
 one the streets and avenues radiate 
 from a centre, the Grand Circut, 
 ami in the other the srinare and 
 streets cross at right angles. This 
 may cause a slight inconvenience 
 through intricacy, but affon s an 
 occasion 01 embellishing the t<'Wii 
 by small parks of peculiar sha, eB. 
 Large, si. vdy trees abound in aii the 
 streets, wnich are very wide indeedt 
 The principal are : Jefferson Avtnue 
 
84 
 
 BRADSIIAW S UNITED STATES. 
 
 parallel with the river; Woodward 
 Ai-pviifi crosses the former and 
 cUvidcs the town into two almost 
 equal ])nrts ; Monrop, "Washington, 
 Grand River, and Michigan Grand 
 Avenues, and Fort-street are also 
 important. West Fort-street is a 
 fine residential street, and Lafayette 
 Avenue is very fashionable. Gris- 
 wold-street is to Detroit what Wall- 
 street is to New York. Cast) Arenue 
 s tlie fashionable promenade and 
 drive, the Grand Circ'<« the principal 
 jiark. 
 
 The Churches of Detroit are very 
 fine. The Central Church (Metho- 
 dist), in "Woodward Avenue, with 
 finely decorated interior ; the 
 Cunroif of the Sacred Heart, in 
 Jefferson Avenue ; the Cathedral 
 (Ciitholic), in Jefferson-Avenue ; St. 
 Aiine'g (Catholic), in Larned-street 
 (oldest church in the town) ; St. 
 Josepk'n and >SY. FuuVd, in Shelby- 
 s<trcet; the Freshi/terian, in J'ort- 
 street ; and several others are 
 handsome buildin,i?s and the in- 
 teriors of most are very lavishly 
 decorated. 
 
 The Ilonse of Coi-rection north of 
 the town is a home for petty crimi- 
 nals and with the redeemed female 
 home opi)osite, form two very note- 
 worthy institutions. The United 
 Stateit Marine Hospital, Harper, 
 and St. Mari/^8 Hospitals are fine 
 edifices, and are the princi])al 
 charity institutions of Detroit. 
 Hlmicood and Wood mere Ceme- 
 teries arc very beautifully laid 
 out. Favourite rides and drives are 
 to Fort Waine and Grosse Point. 
 Belle He, an Island in the river, 
 contains 700 acres, and has been 
 purchased by the town as a park. 
 
 Campus Martins, an open space in 
 the heart of the town, is crossed ])y 
 the Woodward and Michigan 
 Avenues, and is about half-way 
 between the Grand Circus and the 
 River. Facing it is the City Hall, a 
 very handsome building, finished 
 in is71, and 180 feet high. In front 
 is the Soldiers' Monument. On the 
 north side of Campus Martiusis the 
 Detroit Opera House, and on the 
 east the Market. AVhitney's Opera 
 House in Fort-street is very fine. 
 The Board of Trade Buildingi, ^'ory 
 large, are in Gris wold-street. The 
 freight depot, or Goods Station, and 
 also Passenger Station of the 
 
 Micliigan Central Railway are 
 handsome structures. The great 
 Wheat Elevators near this station 
 afford a grand view of town and 
 environs. ThelYoung Men's Chris- 
 tian Association have a large build- 
 ing in Farmer-street, and the 
 Police Head-quarters are extensive 
 and noteworthy. 
 
 Tleached by Grand Trunk Railway 
 of Canada, from Toronto, rid 
 Hamilton, in 13 hours. 
 
 Dixon {Illinois). — Seat of Lee 
 County; population (18S0), 4,300. 
 
 Hotels : Wnw i ley. 
 
 A i)leasant community, as yet a 
 village, situated on the Rock River, 
 about 70 miles from the Mississippi. 
 It is chiefly occupied in manufac- 
 tures, thotigh the commerce in agri- 
 cultural produce is also extensive. 
 There is an Opera House, with 800 
 scats. 
 
 Reached by Chicago and Xorth- 
 Westeni Railway, from Chicago, in 
 ■i\ hours. 
 
 Dover (2V>«> Hampshire). — Seat of 
 Strafford County ; population (1880), 
 11,700. 
 
 JToteh: American, Kimball, New 
 Hampshire. 
 
 A thriving town, the oldest in 
 New Hampshire, very busy, and 
 situated on the Cocheco River. It 
 is extensively engaged in manufac- 
 tures, especially cotton spinning 
 and weaving, also boots and shoes. 
 The Cocheco Mills are among the 
 largest in the States. There are .a 
 few public buildings, but of litf'o 
 interest. The City Hall has 9(H) 
 seats, and there are two smaller 
 ones. 
 
 Reached by Boston and Maine 
 Railway, from Boston, via New 
 Market, in 3 hours. 
 
 Dubuque (/o/m).— Seatof Dubuque 
 County; population (1880), 22,500. 
 
 Hotels : Julien, Lorimer, Key City. 
 
 Beautifnlly situated on the west 
 shore of the Mississippi River, on 
 rising ground. The lower part or 
 the business quarter is regularly laid 
 out and compactly built, while the 
 upper part has more space, and the 
 streets rise one above the other. 
 
DETROIT — EAST ST. LOUIS. 
 
 85 
 
 Tlio I'nited Sfiiies Coin't House is a 
 f-l)lcTi(li<l marl )lc edifice ; the Central 
 Market find several schools arc also 
 noteworthy. Several of tlie churches 
 svre iini)i)sin£r structures. The town 
 i.- the centre of the ^rcaL lead region, 
 and some mines are within the city 
 limits. The manufactures, niher 
 trade, &c., are like^'^ise important. 
 The Operii Ilunxe has ^.(KHt seats, and 
 the Clfi/ Hall G(X). Turner' X has 800. 
 Reached by Chicago, Milwaukee, 
 and St. Paul Railway, from Chicago, 
 vhi Savanna, in 2 hours. 
 
 Duluth {yrnnie»ota).—^cxit of St. 
 Louis County; population (18nO), 
 13,500. 
 
 Hofrh: Bay View Tfouse, St. Louis, 
 Windsor, Merchants. 
 
 Situated at the head of Lake Su- 
 perior, and, as the western extremity 
 of the great lakes, has great commer- 
 cial importance and a great future. 
 It is well built, with a number of 
 churches, banks, five grain elevators, 
 etc. There are eight newspapers. 
 Its maTiufactures arc extensive, but 
 the grain shipping trade is predomi- 
 nant. The Grand Opera Hotise, fit, 
 Lukri's Hospital, and some school- 
 buildings, are very fine edifices. 
 There are also some other halls. 
 
 Reached by Northern Pacific Rail- 
 way, from Glcndivc, via Brainerd, in 
 lOri hours. 
 
 Dunkirk {Xew ForA;).— Chautauqua 
 County; population (1880), 7,900. 
 
 Hotels: Commercial, Eastern, 
 Erie. 
 
 Situated on Lake Erie, it is princi- 
 pally engaged in manufactures, 
 though the shipping trade is im- 
 portant too. There is an Opera 
 Home with 2,500 seats, and an- 
 other Hall with 1,500 seats. It is 
 also an important railway centi*e. 
 
 Reached by Buffalo, New York 
 and Philadelphia Railway, from 
 Buffalo, rid Derby, in hours. 
 
 Easton (Penns^leania). — Seat of 
 Northampton County ; population 
 (l»j80), 12,000. 
 
 Hoteh : Uuitod States, Franklin. 
 
 Situated on steep hills at the con- 
 fluence of Lehigh and Delaware 
 Rivers and Bushkill Creek, and 
 
 junction of Delaware, Lehigh and 
 Morris Canals. The town is well 
 built, very wealthy, and very indus- 
 trious. Staple manufactures, iron 
 and steel, but also mills, distilleries, 
 etc. AhU-'s Opera House is a fine 
 building, so are the Counttf Priwu, 
 Court Hi'uxe, several churches €an(l 
 Lafayettf College, with Pardee Hall. 
 Mount Jt'ffvrsnu, an abrupt rock 
 in theccntreof thetown.and Durham 
 Cart' immediately outside, are places 
 of attraction, the former offering a 
 fine view. 
 
 Reached by Philadelphia and 
 Rea<ling Railway, from New York, 
 lid Jersey City, in 2 hours. 
 
 Eastman {fleor!/ia).—iiQtlt of Dodge 
 County; poi)ulation (1880), 700. 
 
 Hotels: Upland, Railroad. 
 
 A thriving town in the heart of the 
 pine forests of Georgia. It has a 
 good trade in naval stores, timl)er, 
 cotton, and wool. Nothing of inte- 
 rerest to the tourist. 
 
 Reached by East Tennessee, Vir- 
 ginia and Georgia Railway, from 
 Macon, cid Cochran, in 2J hours. 
 
 East Saginaw (3/(rA»>Yw).— Sagi- 
 naw Coun*y; population (1880), 
 29,100. 
 
 Hotels: Bancroft, Everett, Sher- 
 man, Lloyd, American, Neagley. 
 
 Situated on the cast bank of the 
 Saginaw River, 20 miles from its 
 mouth, and the head of Saginaw 
 Bay. It is the centre of the largest 
 tim])er and salt district in the United 
 States, and has a verj'' extensive 
 trade. The Academy of Music is 
 a very large theatre, and the Theatre 
 of Varieties has 700 scats. There are 
 some other public buildings, but 
 little of interest to the traveller. 
 
 Reached by Michigan Central 
 Railway, from Detroit, vid Lapeer, 
 in 4 hours. 
 
 East St.IiOuis (///mot«).— St. Clair 
 County; population (1880), 10,000. 
 
 Hotels: Martell. 
 
 A suburb of St. Louis, situated on 
 the Illinois shore of the Mississippi, 
 and opposite St. Louis. It has ex- 
 tensive railway connections, and is 
 largely engaged in manufacturing, 
 and grain shipping. The live an(l 
 
86 
 
 HUADSHAW S LNITKD blATKS. 
 
 i 
 
 Head meat trade is also an impoiiant 
 >)ranch of business. The j^reat 
 Sutpenuion Bridge connecting with 
 St. Louis is a triumph of engineer- 
 inpr skill. 
 
 Reached by tramway from St. 
 Louis. 
 
 Sau Claire (irwcoM«»H).— Seat of 
 Eau Claire County ; population 
 (1880), 10,50(). 
 
 Hoteh: Eau Claire, Galloway, 
 Situated at the confluence of the 
 Eau Claire River with theChippewii 
 River, in the heart of a very fertile 
 region. It has an extensive trade 
 in timber, some large saw and flour 
 mills. There are several public 
 buildings of little note. The Opera 
 Hnute, with 1,20() seats, and the 
 Music Hall, with 800 seats, are 
 worth inspecting. 
 
 Reached by Chicago, Milwaukee 
 and St. Paul Railway, from Chicago, 
 in 17 hours. 
 
 Edgartown {Mn»8achti«etf») . — On 
 Martha's Vineyard Island ; nopula- 
 tiou (1880), 1,300. 
 
 Hotels: Seaside, Vineyard, At- 
 lantic. 
 
 A nice village near Oak Bluffs, 
 the great Methodist Camp meeting 
 ground. It has several churches, 
 county buUdi»g»,a i«Ht,and toicn hull. 
 The harbour is well sheltered, and 
 the lighthouse is noteworthj-. The 
 excursions are numerous, and the 
 scenery very beautiful and grand. 
 It is a favourite summer resort. 
 
 Reached by Old Colony Railway 
 from Boston, cid Woods Holl 
 (steamer), in 4 hours. 
 
 Elgin (///»woi«). — Kane County; 
 poptilation (1880), 10,000. 
 
 Hotels: Central, Nolting, Kim- 
 ball, Jennings, New, Windsor, Com- 
 mercial. 
 
 Almost one of the suburbs of 
 Chicago, a very busy town, and im- 
 portant manufacturing centre. It is 
 situated on both sides of Fox River. 
 Several churches, newspapers, 
 banks, and the National Watch 
 Manufactory testify to the import- 
 ance of the place. Its agricultural 
 pursuits arc likewise extensive. 
 There is an Opera House, 
 
 Reached by Chicago, Milwaukee, 
 and St. Paul's Railway, from 
 Chicago, in one hour. 
 
 Slizabeth {N<tc J^/^'y).— Seat of 
 Union County; popul'atKjn (18S0), 
 28,300. 
 
 Hotels: City, Sheridan, Schwartz, 
 Shreve. 
 
 Avery well laid out and regularly 
 built town with shaded streets. A 
 seaport for the shipment of cosil ; 
 also some manufactu: es. rriuci- 
 pally residences of New York busi- 
 ness men. It is the handsonu.'st 
 town in New Jersey. There are 
 some ttne public buildings. 
 
 Reached by Thiladelphia and 
 Reading Railway, from New York, 
 via Jersey City, in three-quarters of 
 an hour. 
 
 Elizabeth Town {yew York).— 
 Near l^ake Champlain ; population 
 (1880), 600. 
 Hotels: Mansion, Vallej'. 
 Medical: Dr. S. E. Hale, Dr. K. 
 T. Strong. 
 
 A favourite summer resort with 
 very fine scenery in the Adiron- 
 dacks. Excursions to Hurricau 
 Peak, Oiant of the Vullty, Racen and 
 Cobble Hill, Split. Rock Falls, Keene 
 Valley, Ausable Fond, Mount Marcy^ 
 etc , are very interesting. 
 
 Reached by Pennsylvania Rail- 
 way, from New York, tut Lancaster, 
 in 1\ hours. 
 
 Elkhart (/Mrf((7)?rt)— Elkhart County; 
 population (isaO), 7,000. 
 
 Hotels: Clifton, Elkhart. 
 
 A very thriving and busy manu- 
 facturing town on the confluence of 
 the St. Joseph and Elkhart Rivers. 
 There are some railway machine 
 and wagon repair sheds, but little 
 of interest to the tourist. An Opera 
 House with 800 seats. 
 
 Reached by Cincinnati, Wabash, 
 and Michigan RMilway, from An«ler- 
 son, via Wabash, in 6^ hours. 
 
 Elmira (New ForA-).— Seat of Chen- 
 ning County; population (1880), 
 20,600. 
 
 Hotels: Rathbun, American, 
 Frazier, Delavan. 
 
EAU CLAIR K — EUKKKA SIMMNCS. 
 
 87 
 
 Iwaukee, 
 V. from 
 
 -Seat of 
 n (18S<!), 
 
 Ichwartz, 
 
 regularly 
 reets. A 
 of coal ; 
 rrinci- 
 ork l)u,«i- 
 idsoniost 
 here are 
 
 hia and 
 ?w York, 
 larters of 
 
 Yurk).— 
 )pulation 
 
 0, Dr. K. 
 
 ort with 
 
 Adiroii- 
 
 lltirricau 
 
 cen and 
 
 , Keene 
 
 ia Rail- 
 incastcr, 
 
 County; 
 
 manu- 
 lence of 
 Rivers, 
 nachine 
 ut little 
 n Opera 
 
 ^^abash, 
 Ander- 
 
 Chen- 
 
 (1880), 
 
 erioan, 
 
 A very thriving manufacturing 
 town, principally engaged in steel 
 and iron material for railways. 
 There is al.-?o a much frequented 
 h.ydrop;itbic edtaljlishment on a 
 small hill east of the town. The 
 Khnh\i FemtiJ^ Collci/e, the Court 
 Jloimi', the Soiithmi Tier Orphuiia' 
 J£u»ii\ the Stuff Rpfut'tuntory, the 
 Oftrra House, \\\v\ St'inrliff Hull Hl'C 
 the principal buildings. 
 
 Reacheil by Dcltiware, Lacka- 
 wanna, and Wentevu Railway, from 
 New Vo'-k, viJ HcvMiUm, in lOliouis. 
 
 El Paso (r^xt*^).— El raso County, 
 and on the Mexiciiu frontier ; popu- 
 lation (HS"),:{,50n. 
 
 Hot flu : American, Central, Pacific 
 Pierson. 
 
 Buukern: State National Bank. 
 
 A rapidly increasing town, situ- 
 ated on the" R Grande River, a id 
 in the north-w <t extremity cf the 
 State. It i.s thij southern terminus 
 of the Atchison, Topoka and Santa 
 F«5 Railway, which connects here 
 with the Mexican Central Railway. 
 There are two Theatres ; the Coliseum 
 and Germun. The town has a con- 
 siderable transit business, and has 
 a great future. 
 
 Reached by Atchison, Topeka and 
 Siuitn F^ Rnilwaj', from Santa Fe, 
 chi Las Cruce>, in 12 hours. 
 
 Elyria {Ohio). — Seat of Lorain 
 County; popuhition (1880), 5,00(). 
 
 Hotels : Metropolitan, Beebe, 
 American, National. 
 
 Situated on bo^h In-anches'of the 
 Black River, it has a considerable 
 trade and great agricultural inte- 
 rests. There is an opera house, with 
 1,500 seats. 
 
 Reached by Cleveland, Lorain and 
 Wheeling Railway, from Cleveland, 
 in half an hour. 
 
 Emporia (A'^/m'/j*),— Seat of Lyon 
 County; population (1880), 4,900. 
 
 Hotels : Windsor, Merchants. 
 
 Pleasantly situated between Cot- 
 tonwood ami Neosho Rivers, and has 
 a considerable trade. It has a great 
 future. There are two Public Halls. 
 
 Reached by Atchison, Topeka and 
 Santa Fe Railway, from Topeka, in 
 .'i hours. 
 
 Erie (PenH»yhan'Hi).-~'iici\i of Erie 
 County ; population (1880), -jr.'iiH). 
 
 Hotels: Morton, Ellsworth, Rocd, 
 Union Depot, Moore, Milcox, Mass- 
 assauqua I'oint. 
 
 Situated on the Lake Erie it is a 
 l)ort of entry, and lias considerable 
 trade. The mantifactures are ex- 
 tensive. Its situation is fine, com- 
 manding an extensive view of the 
 bay and lakr, and its streets are 
 regularly laid out, bro.id, and cross- 
 ing eat'h other at right angles. The 
 new O/ieru House, Ctislom House, 
 Court liuildiu(/s, the Murine Hospitul , 
 St. Viuvent Hospital , Humut Hospitul 
 ami Home for the Friendless are all 
 very fine buildings. The I'uion Sfu- 
 fioii is als;) noteworthj'. The new 
 United States (ioremnunt Court and 
 I'ost 0/fice are also very fine. The 
 Purk a very handsome and exten- 
 sive enclosure, is in the middle of 
 the town, and separated in two 
 eipial halves hy Stule-streit, the prin- 
 cipal thoroughfare. In the Park is 
 the Soldiers' Monument in memory of 
 the sons of Erie who fell in the 
 Civil Wars. The Cemetery in Chest- 
 nut-street extends over 75 acres, 
 •and is lieautifully laid out. The 
 harbour is very spacious, and tho 
 best on the lake. 
 
 Reached Ijy Erie Pittsburg Rail- 
 way (Pennsylvanian Comitany;, 
 from Pittsburg, riu New Castle, in 
 O.j hours. 
 
 Eufaula {Alula ma). — Barbour 
 
 County; population (1880), 3,900. 
 
 Hotels: Central, Stubldefield, 
 National Finnerty. 
 
 A i)leasant little town situated on 
 the Chattahoochee River ; has a 
 large cotton trade and some general 
 
 manufacturing. 
 
 Has no other 
 
 interest for tourists. 
 
 Reached by Montgomery and 
 Eufaula Railway, from Mont- 
 gomery, via Union Springs, 
 hours. 
 
 in 3i 
 
 Eureka Springs {Arkansas).— 
 Carroll County; population (1880), 
 5,000. 
 
 Hotels: Southern, Perry, Hancock, 
 and several others. 
 
 A summer resort noted for the 
 
88 
 
 HRADSHAW S UNITKU STA'IKS. 
 
 .1 M 
 
 'XI 
 
 efficacy of its mineral waters. There 
 are »ou\c pleasant excursions. 
 
 Reached l)y St.Louis and St.Fran- 
 cisco Hallway, from St. Louis, via 
 Sullivan, in 4 hours. 
 
 Sutaw {Ala bit tna) .—ficiit of Greene 
 County; population (1880), 1,100. 
 
 Hotels: Planters. 
 
 ^1 charming town near the Black 
 Warrior River, is surrounded by 
 rich plantations and is the centre 
 for a very ])roductivc agricultural 
 region. 
 
 Reached by Alabama Great 
 Southern Railway, from Chatta- 
 nooga, via Birmingham, in 10.^ 
 hours. 
 
 Evanston {Tllinoiit).— Cook County ; 
 population (1880), 4,800. 
 
 Hotels: Avenue, French, Lake- 
 bide. 
 
 Pleasantly situated on Lake Michi- 
 gan, 12 miles north of Chicago. It 
 is a very noted town for educational 
 purposes, and has a Public Hall. 
 The environs are charming. A 
 suburb of Chicago. 
 
 Reached by Chicago and North- 
 Western Railway, from Chicago, in 
 half an hour. 
 
 Evansville {Indiana). — Seat of 
 Vanderbury County ; population 
 (1880), 29,300. 
 
 Hotels: St. George, Sherwood, 
 St. Cloud, Hedderich, Farmers, 
 Williams. 
 
 Situated on the Ohio River, it is 
 the principal shipping port for the 
 agricultural produce of South-west 
 Indiana. It is also largely inter- 
 ested in manufactures, coal, &c. It 
 is an important railway centre, and 
 the United States Marine Hospital, 
 is situated here. There are about 
 35 churches, Court House, Opera 
 House, City Hall, several banks, 
 &c. The Evans Hall (Temperance), 
 Apollo Theatre and Lieder Kranz 
 Hall are the principal places of 
 amusement. 
 
 Reached by Louisville and Nash- 
 ville Railway, from St. Louis, via 
 Wabash, in lOJ hours. 
 
 Xixeter (3Vw Hmnjiskirc). — Near 
 Dover; population (18b0j, 1,5(K). 
 
 Hotels: Exeter. 
 
 A small village, with many pri- 
 vate residences. Its etlucational 
 resources are renowned. The c< lunty 
 buildings are neat ; important manu- 
 factories. The streets are mostly 
 sheltered by flne elms. I'hilipp's 
 Academy and Robinson Female Col- 
 lege are well known. 
 
 Reached Ijy Boston and Maine 
 Railway from Boston, via Dover, in 
 JJa hours. 
 
 Fall River (Af«8.'<f(('AH»'f//'^). -Bristol 
 County ; populatiou (18»0), lO.UH). 
 
 Hotels: Mount Hope, Narragan- 
 sett, Wilbour, Lagrange, Thurston. 
 
 This great manufacturing town is 
 situated on Mount Hope Bay, at the 
 mouth of the Taunton River. Cotton 
 thread and cotton goods are the 
 staple manufactures of Fall River ; 
 there are also some iron factories. 
 They are worthy an inspection. 
 The town is well built, mostly of 
 granite. Main-street is the chief 
 thoroughfare. Several noteworthy 
 public buildings, and the Academy 
 of Music can accommodate 1,800 
 l)eople. There is besides an Opera, 
 House and several other public halls. 
 
 Reached by Old Colony Railway, 
 from Boston, via Taunton, in 2 
 hours. 
 
 Fargo {Bakotah) .— Seat of Cass 
 County; population (1885), 12,700. 
 
 Hotels : Continental, Headquar- 
 ters, Sherman. 
 
 Situated on the Red River in the 
 very fertile Red River valley, it 
 has had a most surprisingly rapid 
 growth. Ten years ago it was 
 scarcely known, and to-day it is a 
 very busy commercial centre. It is 
 the entrepot for the produce of the 
 surrounding fertile and extensive 
 agricultural region. Twelve 
 
 churches, 28 hotels, several news- 
 papers, banks, factories, grain 
 elevators, etc., testify to the pro- 
 sperity of the town. There is an 
 Opera House, Court House, several 
 Music Halls, United States Zand 
 Office, and several other buildings 
 worthy of note. 
 
 Reached by Northern Pacific 
 Railway, from St. Paul's, vid 
 Brainerd and Moorhead, in 11 hours. 
 
 
 
F.UTAW — FITCHHUHtJ. 
 
 89 
 
 re). -- Ncjir 
 
 I many pri- 
 LHlncarioiml 
 Tliccnuuty 
 rtaiit inanu- 
 are mostly 
 
 Fiiiiule Cvl- 
 
 and Maino 
 a Dover, in 
 
 *).- Uristol 
 0), '19,100. 
 
 Narragan- 
 
 , Thurston. 
 
 ing town is 
 
 Bay, at the 
 
 vcr. Cotton 
 
 (Is are the 
 
 Fall River ; 
 
 n t'aetories. 
 
 inspection. 
 
 , mostly of 
 
 s the chief 
 
 noteworthy 
 
 le Academy 
 
 date 1,800 
 
 s an Opera 
 
 ublic halls. 
 
 jy Railway, 
 
 ton, in 2 
 
 of Cass 
 |o), 12,700. 
 
 Head(iuar- 
 
 liver in the 
 
 valley, it 
 n^ly rapid 
 fo it was 
 [daj'' it is a 
 itre. It is 
 lluce of the 
 extensive 
 Twelve 
 |ral news- 
 ies, grain 
 the pro- 
 Ihere is an 
 fe, several 
 itet Land 
 buildings 
 
 Pacific 
 Lul's, via 
 11 11 hours. 
 
 Faribault (MimtPfota). — Seat of 
 Kiev Countv ; population (I88(t), 
 f),5t)<>. 
 
 lloti'h: Arlington, Barrow, Bruns- 
 wick, Commercial. 
 
 A verj' prosperous town, with 
 some manufacturing and large airri- 
 cultural interests. There is an Epi*- 
 copal Aradenii/, a State Aiiylut". for 
 Deaf and Dnmb, several good schools, 
 churches, banks, &c. There are two 
 music halls. 
 
 Reached by Chicago, Milwaukee, 
 and St. Paul Railway, from St. 
 Paul, in 2i hours. 
 
 Fayetteville {Tenne»»pe).—'!ic?it of 
 Lincoln County'; population (1880), 
 2,000. 
 
 Hotels : MacElroy, Petty. 
 
 A small manufacturing town,with 
 extensive agricultural interests. It 
 has a small Music Hall, and some 
 uninteresting county buildings. 
 
 Reached by Nashville, Chatta- 
 nooga and St. Louis Railway, from 
 St. Louis, vhi Decherd, m ID hours. 
 
 Fergus Falls {Minnesota). — Seat 
 of Otter T:)il County; population 
 (1880), 3,000. 
 
 Hotels : Bell's, Occidental. 
 
 Picturesquely situated at the great 
 rapids of the Red River of the North, 
 whose waters are employed advan- 
 tageously in driving the numerous 
 flour, timber, and other mills ; has 
 also some furniture, iron, and other 
 factories, and is a railroad centre 
 with divisional headquarters. It is 
 also a summer resort, there being 
 numerous lakes, fine fishing, and 
 charming scenery. There is an 
 Oppi'a House and a Theatre Comique. 
 
 Reached by St. Paul's, Minnea- 
 polis, and Manitoba Railway, from 
 Minneapolis, in 8i hours. 
 
 Fernandina (Florida). — Seat of 
 Nassau County; population (1880), 
 2,100. 
 
 Hotels : Mansion, Egmont, Florida 
 Dell, Strathmore (Beach). 
 
 This old town, seat of a 
 Bishopric, is charmingly situated 
 on the northern part of Amelia 
 Island, at the mouth of the 
 Amelia River. It is a very 
 
 ft. ourite winter resort, its climate 
 being eipiable and mild. The har- 
 bour is very fine and capacious, 
 principal tmde is in timber, but 
 cotton shipping and manufactJire is 
 largely carried on. It is surrounded 
 —on the main land and close to the 
 town— l)y orange, sugar, and cotton 
 plantati(jns. Favourite excursions 
 are along the beach and to Didxjc- 
 ness, the estate of General (Jreene, 
 given to him by the people of (ieor- 
 gia, in recognition or his services in 
 the War of Independence. It ex- 
 tends over 10,0(K) acres, and is 
 licautifully laid out. 
 
 In the town is a Lyceum, and 
 other places of amusement. 
 
 Reached by Florida Railway, 
 from Jacksonville, or by steamer 
 from New York. 
 
 Findlay {Ohio) — Seat of Hancock 
 County; population (18S0), t.iKh). 
 
 Hotels : Joy, Commercial, Sher- 
 man. 
 
 A thriving manufacturing town, 
 with agricultunil pursuits. Little of 
 interest to the tourist. Some county 
 buildings, an Opera House, and two 
 music halls. 
 
 Reached by Cincinnati, Sandusky 
 and Cleveland Railway*, from Cleve- 
 land, in 3i hours. 
 
 Fire Island (A>«- Yorl-).— in Great 
 South Bay ; population (1880), 500. 
 
 Hotels: Old Dominy, Surf. 
 
 A charming summer resort, offer- 
 ing surf and still-water baths, l)oat- 
 ing and fishing ; climate delightfully 
 cool, and good beach. 
 
 Reached l)y Long Island, from 
 New York, via Babylon, in 2^ hours. 
 
 Fitchburg {Massachusetts).— Wor- 
 cester Coimty; population (1880), 
 12,500. 
 
 Hotels: Fitchburg, American. 
 
 A very busy manufacturing town 
 on the Nashua River, whose water 
 power is employed in the numerous 
 mills. The City Hall, Crockers, and 
 Board of Trade are noteworthy. 
 Some hills near the town afford fine 
 views. 
 
 Reached by Fitchburg Railway, 
 from Boston, vid Waltham, in 9 
 hours. 
 
90 
 
 HRADSHAW f< LNIiKD STATKS. 
 
 
 ll^ 
 
 11 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 Flint (3Iichijft}i). i^ofit of (JeiiCKCC 
 County; population (IHHO), 0,1«N). 
 
 lloteh: Dayton, IJryant, Sher- 
 man, Thayer, Masort, Waverlej'. 
 
 Vleasantly sittiated on the J'lint 
 River ; thisiH a very busy nianufar- 
 turin)< town. Its "tim])er tra<lo is 
 extensive. The mills eniln-ace 
 woollen and cotton, spinninjf and 
 weaving, carriage and wagon, 
 manufactories, and machine repair 
 shops. There are several county 
 Imildings, and an AKj/him for the 
 Deaf, Dumb, ami liliii'il. The New 
 Miiifio Hall is a fine l)uildintr, and 
 the Fenton, Awanaga and Hefonn 
 are smaller (mcs. 
 
 Reached by Chicngo and Grand 
 Trunk Railway, from Chicago, rid 
 Lansing, in \o\ hours. 
 
 Flushing (New York).— On Flushing 
 Bay, near the entrance of Long 
 Island Sound; population (1880), 
 6,700. 
 
 Ilofeh : City, Commercial. 
 
 A beautiful village, with very fine 
 residential mansions of New York 
 business men. It is a summer re- 
 sort, and the nursery gardens are 
 extensive and verv »"^lebrated. It 
 has very good ed nal institti- 
 
 tions., and the phv loted for its 
 
 wealth and culture. All the sur- 
 nmnding placesare summer resorts, 
 and there are m^ny pleasant drives. 
 
 Reached by Long Island Railway, 
 from Brooklyn, in half an hour. 
 
 Fond du Lac (Wisconsin). — Capital 
 of Fond du Lac County ; population 
 (1880), 1.3,1 W. 
 
 Hotels : Palmer, American. 
 
 Situated on Lake Winnebago and 
 Fox River. The scenery surround- 
 ing the town is very fine. The river 
 is crossed ])y several bridges, and 
 navigation is limited to the Northern 
 ('hannel. The town has many 
 churches, and is well known for the 
 high position of its educational in- 
 stitutions. The lake affords good 
 fishing and boating, and extensive 
 drives along its shores. Game is 
 also abundant. It is mainly engaged 
 in timber and iron manufactures. 
 
 Reached by Chicago and North- 
 Western Railway, from Chicago, it d 
 Milwaukee, in 4} houre. 
 
 Fort Dodge (/o»r//). — Seat of 
 Webster County ; i»(>puliition (18bO), 
 3,7»)0. 
 
 Hotels: Dunfomlic, St. Charles, 
 Paterson, F(jrt Dodge. 
 
 An agriculttiral centre with some 
 milling interest, is advaiitageously 
 situated aiul has a future. Berry's 
 Hall (800 seats) and Court House 
 (.500 seats) are the chief places of 
 meeting. 
 
 Reached by Minneapolif^ and St. 
 Louis Railway, from St. Paul, rid 
 Albert Lea, in Hi Ik nrs. 
 
 \N(H- I'orA-).— Wash- 
 ; iidimlatitm (1880), 
 
 .L.ines, Kldridge, 
 
 Fort Edward 
 
 ington County 
 :{,500. 
 
 Hotels : St. 
 Millnian. 
 
 Pleasantly situutcd on the Hud- 
 son River and Cliamplain Canal, the 
 town has extensive iiajicr and 
 earthenware manufuct( tries. There 
 is an Opera House. Sixteen miles 
 south is Saratoga. 
 
 Reached by Delaware and Hudson 
 Canal Railway, fr-m Montreal, rid 
 Whitehall, in 7 hours. 
 
 Fort Madison (/^o«(0.— Seat of Lcc 
 County; poimlation (ISSO), •l.,70<). 
 
 Hotels: Central Metropolitan, 
 Kasten, Madison. 
 
 A thriving manufacturing town 
 on the Mississippi River, situated 
 in the heart of a very fertile region. 
 A great many agricultural imple- 
 ment manufactories give the place 
 a brisk appearance. It has also an 
 extensive lumber trade. The State 
 Penitentiary is worthy of inspection. 
 There are also two large halls for 
 concerts, lectures, itc. 
 
 Reached by Chicago, Burlington 
 and Quincy Railway, from Burling- 
 ton, in f hours. 
 
 Fort Scott {Kansas). — ^Qui of 
 Bourbon County ; po})ulation (1880) 
 5,5(H). 
 
 Hotels : Wilder, Gulf, Lockwood, 
 German. 
 
 A snjall thriving town on the 
 Marmiton River, a confluent of the 
 Osage. It is rapidly growing, 
 owing to the abundant coal mines 
 
 \ 
 
FLINT — FKKIH:i:i('KSIU'U(J. 
 
 91 
 
 in the environs and to the increasing 
 manufactories. Its retail trade and 
 ajfricultural intoref*t.i are also ex- 
 tensive. There is an Opera Uouso 
 with pent.H for l,2iM). 
 
 Reached hy Missouri Pacific Ruil- 
 wnv, from St. Louis, ri(i Sedalia, in 
 11 hours. 
 
 Fort Wayne (/"«i/i«M«).— Seat of 
 Allen County; papulation (18wJ), 
 26,00<>. 
 
 HoteLi; Mayer, Aveline, Robin- 
 sou. 
 
 Situated at the confluence of 
 the St. Joseph and St. Mary's 
 River.a, which form the Matui\ce 
 River. IL is also called tlie 
 •• Summit City," as it forms the 
 water-shed, streams runninj? frotn 
 here E. and W. It takes its name from 
 an old fort, built in 1794; hut in fact 
 it is now one of the chief cities of 
 Indiana. Its manufactures arc ex- 
 tensive, chiertj' of railway engines, 
 cars, etc. The town is well built, 
 and amon^r its public building's 
 may l)0 mentioned the Coimf'/ 
 PrinDii, CoHCorditi Culleqf, Fort 
 Wayne College^ the Court Jloitge, the 
 Opera Home, and the Academy of 
 Music. There arc four public 
 Farkii, and of the five cemeteries, 
 Lindoiwood is the largest, and best 
 laid out. 
 
 Reached by New York, Chicago, 
 and St. Louis Railway, from 
 Chicago, in six hours. 
 
 Fort "Worth (Texai>).—Scnt of 
 Tarrant County; population (1880), 
 7,000. 
 
 Hotels: El Paso, Waterman's. 
 
 A rapidly increasing town, in the 
 midst of an agricultural district, for 
 the retail trade of which it is the 
 centre. The public buildings are of 
 little note. Stages diverge here to 
 different points. 
 
 Reached by Missouri Pacific Rail- 
 way, from Denison, via Denton, in 
 oj hours, 
 
 Frankfort {Kentucky).— C&\niQ\ of 
 Kentucky, and Seat of Franklin 
 County; population (1880), 7,000. 
 
 Hotels : Capital, Merriwether. 
 
 Situated sixty miles from the 
 mouth of the Kentucky River, and 
 
 on its northern bank. It is a well 
 laid out, and handsome town, and 
 has some manufactories, dis- 
 tilleries, etc. There are some public 
 buildings, of which the 5^^^• 
 Arsenal and Penitritftary are the 
 most noteworthy. Major's Public 
 Hall can seat *l,0oo i)crsons. A 
 chain bridge ccmnects the two 
 banks of the river. The sur- 
 nmndings are picturesque. 
 
 Reached by Louisville and Nash- 
 ville Railway, from Louisville, i!i 
 li hours. 
 
 Franklin {Pen iisylnmia).— Sent of 
 Venango County • population (1880), 
 5,5(H). 
 
 Hotels: Exchange, United States, 
 Rural, National, Grant. 
 
 Built on the site of the old French 
 fort Venango, on the confluence of 
 the French Creek and AUegheniy 
 River. It is a great railroad centre. 
 It is situated in the Oil Region of 
 Penn.sylvania, and has an extensive 
 trade, and some factories. The 
 Court House, and several other 
 buildings, are interesting. 
 
 Reached by Alleghany Valley 
 Railway, from Pittsl)urg, vhi Rell 
 Bank, in 14 hours. 
 
 Frederick {Maryland).— Sent of 
 Frederick County; population (1880), 
 8,500. 
 
 Hotels : City, Groff, Carlin. 
 
 Pleasantly situated close to the 
 M(mocacy River. It has tanning, 
 milling, and sash factories, and 
 also large canning establishments. 
 The public buildings are not 
 striking. The City Hall can seat 
 1,000 persons, and the Junior, 500. 
 
 Reached T)y Baltimore and Ohio 
 Railway, from Baltimore, in 3 
 hours. 
 
 Fredericksburg {Virginia). — 
 Spottsylvania County; population 
 J880),' 5,300. 
 
 Hotels : Central, Exchange. 
 
 A quaint and old town on the 
 southern bank of the Rappahannock 
 River. Founded in 1727, it was the 
 scene of a great battle on 13th Dec* 
 1862, between Generals Bumside 
 and Lee. There is a cemetery, 
 
92 
 
 IIKAO.SHAW S UXITEl) MAJ K.S. 
 
 I « 
 
 ■• Ji 
 
 ;i 
 
 I 
 
 4h 
 
 • ■!(( 
 
 >l 
 
 whore tho«»c who fell in the battin 
 aro l)urio<l. In tho TioitrtibourhfK)! 
 is iilm> tho Imtlleflcld «»f Chtnic/l. 
 iortcille. Near Spotltylrauia Caiirf 
 Jlinitte Kevenil l)attl(;H were fon^^ht 
 by General Clraiit on his march to 
 Richmond. WaHhin^rt«m was 1)orii 
 and pjiMsed his early years near 
 ('haucellorsville. An'cxcnrsion to 
 Thf Wil<hrneH» will roi)ay tho 
 traveller. Its chief industries now 
 are manufactures and a^Miculture. 
 Steamers ply between here and 
 Ualtimorc. A new Opera Jl<iH»e has 
 recently been built. 
 
 Reached by Pennsylvariia Rail- 
 way, from New York, cid Philadel- 
 phia, in 11 hours. 
 
 Fredericktown {Mhsourt).— Seat 
 of Madison County; population 
 (1880), 1,U0(). 
 
 JloteU : Madison, White Allen. 
 
 A charming town, as yet in its 
 infancy, but attracting large num- 
 bers of summer visitors, owing to 
 tho mineral springs tliscovered 
 recently. It has also some mining 
 interests. 
 
 Reached by St. Louis, Iron Moun- 
 tain and Southern Railway, from 
 St. Louis, iu 5 hours. 
 
 Preehold (New Jerfey).—fieat of 
 Monmouth Couijty ; population 
 (1880), 3,000. 
 
 Hotels: American, Union, Wash- 
 ington, Railroad House. 
 
 It is the centre of a rich farming 
 county, and is a regularly laid out 
 and well-built town ; it has an exten- 
 sive trade with the surrounding 
 districts. It is close to tho field of 
 Monmouth battle, fought on June 
 23th, 1778. There are some public 
 buildings here, and three la rge halls 
 for lectures, etc. 
 
 Reached by Freehold and New 
 York Railway, from New Y'ork, via 
 Matawan, in l\ hours. 
 
 Preeport (Illinois), — Seat of 
 Stephenson County j population 
 (1880), 10,000. 
 
 Hotels: Brewster, Clifton, Penn- 
 sylvania. 
 
 A thriving manufacturing town 
 having also extensive agricultural 
 
 int(»rcsts. There arc Fomo i)nblic 
 buildintfs of tiuto, and the Op(r>i 
 Jlniisr vww seat 1,«MM> persons. 
 
 Koiichod by (Miicago and N')rth- 
 Westeni Railway, from Chiongo, in 
 Ti hours. 
 
 Fremont (O/* /»;).- -Seat of Sandusky 
 County; population (Isso), k,500. 
 
 lloteh: IJall.Tell. 
 
 Situated on Sundusky River at tho 
 liead of the Navitr.itiou. Tho ]>lace 
 is well built, and regularly l;iid out. 
 It has some agricultural and matiu- 
 farturiu!,'' intorosts, and a fev/ public 
 buildinirs of little importance. Tho 
 Mammoth Hall, with its 1,(KK) seats, 
 and i»vo smaller ones may bo men- 
 tioned. There is nothing here to 
 interest tho traveller or tourist. 
 
 Reached ))y Lake Shore and 
 Michigan Southern Railway, from 
 Toledo, in 1 hour. 
 
 Gainesville {Florida). — Fornau- 
 diiM' Countv ; population (IH^O), 
 f.5u, 
 
 Jlofels : Oak Hall, Arlington, 
 Oliver, Pennsylvania. 
 
 A favourite winter statioji, much 
 frequented, owing to its mild and 
 equable climate, by invalids suffer- 
 ing from chest complaints. Its 
 situation — in the . centre of a 
 peninsula, and surrounded by pino 
 forests— gives it great advantages. 
 The surrounding country is pic- 
 turesque, and offers an endless 
 variety of interesting excursions. 
 There arc good hunting and 
 fishing. 
 
 Reached by Florida Southern 
 Railway, from Palaika,iv(f Rochelle, 
 in 2\ hours. 
 
 Gainesville {Georgia).— yeixr At- 
 lanta; population (1880), 2,500. 
 
 Hotels : Richmond, Gower 
 Springs, New Holland Springs. 
 
 A beautiful town, and rapidly 
 growing since tho completion of the 
 railwaj'.' It is much resorted to on 
 account of the numerous mineral 
 springs in the neighbourhood. The 
 scenery is fine, and excursions are 
 plentiful. 
 
 Reached by Richmond and Dan- 
 ville Railway, from Atlanta, in 2 
 hours. 
 
F \i i; 1 > K K I C K I OW X- - li KO i:« , KIT) W N . 
 
 o;j 
 
 iC Oi'fl'it 
 
 l" North - 
 iiMi{?o, ill 
 
 isiudusky 
 
 vcv sittho 
 Vho iilace 
 liiiil out. 
 1(1 inann- 
 e%v public 
 ice. The 
 (H»!) scats, 
 ' bo men- 
 f here to 
 irist. 
 
 \oro aiul 
 pay, from 
 
 - Feruau- 
 )n (lHh<t), 
 
 Arlington, 
 
 ion, much 
 
 mihl and 
 
 lids suiTor- 
 
 uis. Its 
 
 of a 
 
 by i)ivie 
 
 aiitaj^es. 
 
 is pic- 
 
 endlcss 
 
 ciirsions. 
 
 m^ and 
 
 re 
 
 Southern 
 Rochelle, 
 
 J ear At- 
 i.oOO. 
 
 Gower 
 fings. 
 
 rapidly 
 on of the 
 ted to on 
 mineral 
 >od. The 
 sions are 
 
 md Dan- 
 ita, in 2 
 
 Galena {flliiiniH). f^cnt of Daviess 
 County ; population (IsnO), s,2(H). 
 
 /[of eh: Do Soto, Mississippi, 
 Kuropeau, Lawrence. 
 
 An important and ^■rowinK tcm'Ti, 
 situated on the (falcna River, antl 
 noted for its lead mines. Jt has 
 Home manufactories, atnl pome 
 piablic buildintjs, thouirh Tinn;' of 
 nnich interest to tho touri-^t. 
 There are two large halls for ])ul)lic 
 meetings, concerts, lectiiros, etc. 
 
 Reached l)y Chicago and North- 
 Western Railway, from Chicago, 
 fid Frceix)rt, in hours. 
 
 Galeaburgh (Z//ihoi«).— Scat of 
 Knox County; population (1880), 
 il,r>(K). 
 
 Jloteln: Brown's, Union. 
 
 Surrounded by a rich farming 
 country. It pf)8sosses, apart from a 
 few factories, some imi)ortanco as 
 an educational resort. The Lotuhm-d 
 Universiti/, Knvx Collci/e {ind Semi- 
 nary attract a. gn at many students 
 of both sexes. 'J hero are several 
 large libraries, and an Operu llotiito 
 with suits for 1,2<)0 persons. It is 
 the centre of a corn district. 
 
 Reached l)y Chicago, Burlington 
 and Quincy Railway, frt»m Chicago, 
 cid Aurora, in Gj hours. 
 
 Galveston (r^xas).— The commer- 
 cial capital of Texas, and chief 
 town of Galveston County ; pooulu- 
 tion (1880), 22,250. 
 
 Hotels: Giradin, Tremont, Wash- 
 ington, Beach. 
 
 Clubf : The Union and the 
 Harmony. 
 
 Contul : W. T. Lyall, 
 
 Bank of Galveston. 
 Dr. Smith, Dr. Bates. 
 
 Encflish 
 Consul. 
 Bankers i 
 Medical ; 
 Dentini: 
 
 This rapidly-growing town is 
 situated on the north-east of 
 Galveston Island at the mouth of the 
 b.ay of the same name. The town is 
 well laid out, with broad, straight 
 streets, fronted mostly by flower 
 gardens. The United States Court 
 House, the County Court House, the 
 City Hall, the Post Office, the United 
 States Custom House, the Cotton 
 
 T'Dlplr, the tVO C'll/> Jfi'KXii, tWc) 
 
 theatres, and several churehes, nvi 
 all substantial and handsome build- 
 ings. The residential portioji of tV.o 
 city is very fine; whilf in the bll^i. 
 ness portion several very hand>oino 
 buildings have )»een cn-ctod. Tlio 
 fiilrrKlon ^[I'lliciil Colli if atid tho 
 r'«i (V r»i7/y a re both nuu'h f rei luei 1 1 ed . 
 The I'mitliuc Cmintit with liiiir» 
 Jlii.h School lire worth visiting. Tho 
 Mrrciinfilc Lihrury, eontjiinint: 1»,inn> 
 volumes, is also deserving of noiice. 
 Ohinidcr Park and Cify J'urlc aro 
 both extensive and well laid i ut. 
 The staple nrticlo of shipment is 
 cotton; the harbour is siife and 
 good. The Island is about 2S miles 
 loiitf by2jmili'>* in moan l)readth; a 
 hard bcaeh runs r-mnd it, and iitYords 
 a fine promenade . Was almost com- 
 pletely (lestro.ye<\ li.v- lire in l'<*^5,and 
 since the writir r tf tho abovf. 
 
 ReachofI by Galveston, I fa l•ri«^bul•g 
 and SanAr'onio Radway, from Now 
 Orleans, via Houston, iu 10 hours. 
 
 Geneva (T</r rorA).- Ontario 
 County; population (1880), '),»'>(». 
 
 7/^r>/e/« ; Franklin, Americiin, In- 
 ternational. 
 
 Situated at the head of Seucca 
 Lake, it is a smumer resort; but 
 is chiefly noted for its nurseries, 
 malting establishments and lumbc'r 
 trade. Its situation is l)eautiful, 
 and its educational institutions 
 celebrated. Hob<>rt Colle[/r is well 
 known. Steamers ])ly daily between 
 Genevi^ and Watkins at the other 
 end of the lake. Tho Linden Public 
 Hall can seat 8i)0 persons. 
 
 Reached by New York Central & 
 Hudson River Railway, from New 
 York, via Albany and Syracuse, in 
 12^ hours. 
 
 Georgetown {Colorado). — Clear 
 Crook County, near Golden, 8,412 
 feet above tho sea-level ; population 
 (1880), 3,300. 
 
 Hotels: Newton. 
 
 The highest town in the world. It 
 is enclosed by lofty hills and moun- 
 tains. Its streets are broad and 
 well laid out, and it is divided into 
 two almost equal sections by a 
 creek ininning through the centre. 
 
94 
 
 BRADSHAW 8 UNITKD STATKS. 
 
 
 The neifflibourhood aboiinrls in ro- 
 mantic spots for excufRions, such 
 as Fall Riner, Chicago Lake, Devil's 
 Oaffl, Orren Lake, Middle PnrJtand 
 Orai/'s Pfnk. Complete outfits and 
 puifies for mountaineering trips 
 can he had in Georgetown ; many 
 tourists malce it their ^tarting 
 point. 
 
 Reacheil by Union Pacific Rail- 
 way, from Denver, via Golden, inlj 
 hours. 
 
 Gettysburg (P««»»y?t'« «/«).— Seat 
 of Adams County ; population (18H0), 
 3,100. 
 
 Hofds: Eagle, Keystone, Mac 
 Clellan. 
 
 The position of Gettysburg is 
 pleasant and the surrounding hills 
 offer many fine views. Its chief 
 interest,however, centres in the fact 
 that the great, perhaps the greatest, 
 battle of the Civil War was fought 
 here on the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd of 
 July, 1863. The National Cemetery, 
 on Cemetery Hill, occupies about 17 
 acres. The Soldiers' Monument 
 crowns the hill and is surmounted 
 by a colossal marble statue of 
 Liberty. The Co%irt House and 
 Public Offices^ Lutheran Seminary 
 and Pennsylvania College are all 
 substantial buildings. The latter 
 have large libraries. Gettysburg 
 Springs, with their alkali-saline 
 waters, are one mile distant, and 
 much frequented. 
 
 Reached by Pennsylvania Rail- 
 way, from Philadelphia, rtrf Lancas- 
 ter and York, in 7 hours. 
 
 Geyser Springs: 
 page 55. 
 
 See Calistoga, 
 
 Glasgow {Missouri) .—lHea,Y Kansas 
 City; population (1880), 2,000. 
 
 Hotels: Palmer. 
 
 A manufacturing town, with some 
 excellent educational institutions of 
 quit© recent growth. It contains 
 several mills and factories and 
 public buildings. The Lewis College 
 is well known. 
 
 Reached by Chicago and Alton 
 Railway, from St. Louis, vid Rood- 
 house, in 8 hours. 
 
 Glendive (3fo »/«»»).— Near Bill- 
 ings ; population (1880), 1,200. 
 
 Hotels: The Glendive. 
 
 In a charming position on the Yel- 
 low Stone River. It is an outfitting 
 post for hunting and excursion par- 
 ties. It has some factories, several 
 churches, banks and public build- 
 ings. Stage coaches start from 
 here, and the town is rapidly in- 
 creasing in size. 
 
 Reached b.y Northern Pacific Rail- 
 way, from St. Paul, vid Brainerd, in 
 32 hours. 
 
 Glens Palls {yeir I'orA:).— Near 
 Caldwell ; population (1880), 4,900. 
 
 Hotels : Rockwell, American. 
 
 The town is situated on the Hud- 
 son River, near a Cataract 50 feet 
 high. The falls are very fine, and 
 are the scene of some of the 
 incidents of Fenimore Cooper's 
 " Last of the Mohicans." Colonnl 
 Williams' Monument, in a dark glen, 
 and the Bloody Pond close by, recall 
 some scenes of the war with the 
 French and English in 1755. The 
 approach to Lake George is very 
 impressive. 
 
 Reached by New York Central 
 and Hudson River Railway, from 
 New York, vid Saratoga, in 8| 
 hours. 
 
 Glen Eyrie. See Colorado Springs. 
 
 Gloucester {Massachusetts).— lelfii^tix 
 County ; population (1880), 19,40(». 
 
 Hotels: Pavilion, Ocean, Atlantic, 
 Webster, Belmont. 
 
 Summer Houses : Pavilion, Bass 
 Rocks, Pebbly Beach ; at East 
 Oloucester : Craig Cottage, Del- 
 phine ; at Magnolia : Willow 
 Cottage, Hesperus, Ocean Side. 
 Oak Grove ; at Annisguam : High- 
 land House. 
 
 Pleasantly situated on Cape Anne, 
 a peninsula forming the northern 
 limit ©f Massachusetts and the 
 southern limit of Ipswich Bay. 
 The town is a collection of summer 
 and sea bathing resbrts, and com- 
 prises : Lanesville, Bay View, 
 Anniaquam, West Gloucester, on 
 Ipswich Bay ; East Gloucester, 
 Gloucester (Harbour), and Magnolia, 
 on Massachusetts Bay. The prin. 
 
(IKTTVSRl'RG — GRAND HAI'IDS. 
 
 95 
 
 cipal industries arise from fisheries 
 and granite (ii;an-ies, and the re- 
 quirements of the numerous summer 
 guests. The City Hall can seat 
 1,700 persons. There are a few 
 other interesting buildings. 
 
 Reached by Boston and ifaine 
 Railway, from Boaton, via 8iilem, in 
 IJ hours. 
 
 Gloversville {New York). — Fulton 
 Coimty ; population (1880), 7,400. 
 Jloteln: Mason, Alvord, Scoville. 
 
 A thriving town, exclusively en- 
 gaged in the glove and mitten manu- 
 facture. There is an Opera House 
 and two Halls. 
 
 Reached by Fonda, Johnstown, 
 and Gloversville Railway, from 
 Fonda, in \ hour. 
 
 Goldsboro {North Carol! nn). ■— 
 Waj'ne Countj' ; population (1880), 
 3,500. 
 
 Hotels: Humphrey, Bonito. 
 
 A properous town, near the head 
 of the navigation "theNeuse River. 
 It is mainly engaged in retail trade, 
 and has nothing of interest for the 
 tourist. 
 
 Reached by Atlantic Coast Line, 
 from Richmond, via Weldon, in 5^ 
 hours. 
 
 Golden (Co/omt/o).— Near Denver; 
 population (1880), 2,800. 
 
 Hotels : The Western. 
 
 Situated between two picturesque 
 hills, it is the centre of an extensive 
 mining region. It has made rapid 
 progress of late. It is the point of 
 departure for Bear Creek CaFiou, 
 Clear Creek Canon, Black Jlatvk, 
 Idaho Springs, and several others. 
 
 Reached by Un ion Pacific Railway 
 from Denver, in } hour. 
 
 Gorham {New Ho inpshire) . — Andros- 
 coggin County; population (1880), 
 1,400. 
 
 Hotels : Alpine, Gorham, Eagle. 
 
 A thriving village , North-East 
 gateway to the White Mountains. It 
 18 situated at the confluence of the 
 Androscoggin and Peabody Rivers, 
 and commands very picturesque 
 views. iSxcursions to the various 
 
 mountains, to liandulph Hill, IhrCn 
 Falls, L-'ttd Mine Bridge, the Notch, 
 Jefferson and J person Hill, to 
 Crawford House, Bethlehem, Mount 
 Washington, etc., are all very inter- 
 esting. For detailed description see 
 local guides. 
 
 Reached by the Grand Trunk 
 Railway of Canada, frum Portland, 
 in 'i\ hours. 
 
 Grand Forks (^>ac•o^r).— Seat of 
 Grand Forks County; popuhitioii 
 
 (1880), i,703. 
 
 Hotels . 
 western. 
 
 Grigg:^, Mansard, Norih- 
 
 Situatcd on the Red River of tlie 
 North, in the richest wheat-growing 
 country of the North-\\'est, It has 
 a great future; is well laid out, but 
 contains as yet nothing of interest 
 to the traveller. 
 
 Reachofl by St. Paul, Minneapolis 
 and Manitoba Railway, from St. 
 Paul, via Minneapolis, in 15 hours. 
 
 Grand Haven {Michigan).— Heat 
 of Ottawa County ; population 
 (1880), 0,000. 
 
 Hotels : Cutler, Kiiby. 
 
 Advantageously situated on Luke 
 'Michigan at the mouth of tlie Grand 
 River. A i-egular line of steamers 
 connects it with Milwaukee and 
 Chicago. The principal occupation 
 of its inhabitants is lumber and 
 fruit growing. It Las two public 
 halls. 
 
 Readied byChicago and Michigan 
 Lake Shore Railway, from Cliicago, 
 via Holland, in 8\ hours. 
 
 Grand B^pidS {Michigan).— iieat 
 of Kent County; populati'ju (18M>), 
 41,950. 
 
 Hotels; Sweets, Moreton.Rathbui), 
 Bridge-street. 
 
 A great railway centre on the 
 Grand River. Has an extensive 
 trade, saw mills, manufactories, etc. 
 Some of the public buildings arc 
 noteworthy. There is an Optra 
 House with 1,200 seats, and throe 
 other public halls. 
 
 Reached by Chicago and West 
 Michigan Railway, from Chicago, 
 via New Buffalo, in 8^ hours. 
 
96 
 
 BRADSHAW S UNITED STATES. 
 
 Is. 
 
 ■ i i 
 
 11 ' 
 
 
 '' u 
 
 i 
 
 
 i 
 
 
 ' 
 1 
 
 ■4 < 
 
 > I 
 
 A i 
 
 ■^i 
 
 , 0. 
 
 Great Barrington {Mama chmei tit). 
 — Housatoiiic ViiUey ; population 
 (1890), 2,750. 
 
 Hotels: Collins, Berkshire, Miller. 
 
 A very lovely place, chiefly in- 
 teresting as a summer resort. It con- 
 tains several handsome churches, 
 especially the Congretjationnl. A 
 Hif^h School and many villas in the 
 outskirts adorn the town. It is a 
 centre for excursions into the Berk- 
 shire Hills, which commence here, 
 H.ndfor*So«^/i Egremont, Stockbritlye, 
 Lake Mahkemac, Lee, Lennox, Fitts- 
 JieliJ, etc. 
 
 Reached by Hausatonic Railway 
 from Bridgeport, rid Hawleyville, 
 in 3 hours. 
 
 Greeley {Colorado).— 'Scox Denver; 
 population ^1880), 2,400. 
 Hotels : The Greeley ,"VVashington. 
 
 A prosperous little town on the 
 Cache la Poudre River, well watered 
 and well built. The streets are 
 regular, and as the soil is dry two 
 large canals have 1)ecn made for the 
 purposes of irrigation. Intoxi- 
 cating liquors may not be sold on 
 the territory of the community. 
 There are now five churches, 
 excellent schools, a bank, news- 
 paper offices, etc. The town itself 
 is a remarkable instance of rapid 
 growth. 
 
 Reached by Union Pacific Railway 
 from Denver, via Fort Collins, in 5 
 houi's. 
 
 Green Bay (Wisconsin). — Capital of 
 Brown County ; population (1880), 
 7,500. 
 
 Hotels: Cook's, American. 
 
 A thriving manufacturing centre, 
 situated on Green Bay, north of the 
 Fox River. Its chief productions 
 are iron and timber. It has also 
 extensive agricultural ir+erests, and 
 its retail trade with the surrounding 
 country is important. There are 
 several public buildings, including 
 an Opera House and a Town Hall, 
 
 Reached by Chicago and North 
 Western Railway, from Milwaukee, 
 via St. Paul, in 5^ hours. 
 
 Greenbrier "White Sulphur 
 Springs {Virginia).— "Ne&r Staun- 
 ton and Lj'nchburg. 
 
 Hotels : The Springs Hotel. 
 
 The most famed and popular 
 of all Virginia summer resorts, 
 in a very beautiful and picturesque 
 country. About 50 acres of ground 
 are occupied by the hotel and sur- 
 rounding cottages. The park is 
 well shaded and carefully kept. 
 The waters are sulphurous, and are 
 much recommended in dyspepsia, 
 liver and nervous affections, in 
 herpes, rheumatism and gout. The 
 country all around abounds in 
 springs, and numero.is excursions 
 can be made. Kate's Mountain, 
 Greenbrier Hills and the Allcgha- 
 nies are of the best known. The 
 springs have been in use since 
 1778. 
 
 Reached by Chesapeake and Ohio 
 Railway, from Richmond, f/Vf Staun- 
 ton, thence by diligence, in 7h hours. 
 
 Greenbush {New roj-Ar).— Rcnselaor 
 Coimty ; population (1880), 5,100. 
 
 Hotels: Boston, Broadway, Rens- 
 selaer. 
 
 Situated on the Hudson River 
 opposite Albany, and connected with 
 this town l)y three iron Railway 
 bridges. Railway business is the 
 only one. There are several pxiblic 
 halls of little interest. 
 
 Reached from Albany over the 
 bridge by tramway in \ hour. 
 
 Greencastle (/«</ia?Kr).— Seat of 
 Putnam Countj-j population (1880), 
 3,700. 
 
 Hotels: Central, Jones. 
 
 An educational resort, pleasantly 
 situated on a plateau in a rich fann- 
 ing and stock-raising country. It 
 has a Prison, a Court House, 7 
 schools, several churches, the Ash' 
 bury University, a High school, 
 several libraries, and a Presbyterian 
 College (Female), all of which are 
 worth noticing. There is also an 
 Opera House and a Public Hall. 
 
 Reached, by Indianapolis and St. 
 Louis Railway, from Indianapolis, 
 cid Danville, in \\ hours. 
 
 Green-Cove Springs {Florida).— 
 On St. John's River; population 
 (1880), 410. 
 
 Hotels : St. Clair, Clarendon. 
 
 i 
 
GREAT BARUINGTON — GREENWOOD I.AKK 
 
 97 
 
 el. 
 
 popular 
 resorts, 
 turesque 
 f ground 
 and sur- 
 park is 
 ly kept. 
 , and are 
 r^spppsia, 
 tions, in 
 )nt. The 
 Linds in 
 :cursions 
 [ountain, 
 AUegha- 
 vn. The 
 se since 
 
 ind Ohio 
 'd Staun- 
 7h hours. 
 
 lenselacr 
 , 5,100. 
 
 ly, Rens- 
 
 an River 
 
 cted with 
 
 Railway 
 
 s is the 
 
 1 public 
 
 over the 
 ir. 
 
 Seat of 
 >n (1H80), 
 
 easantly 
 
 jh farm- 
 
 itry. It 
 
 louse, 7 
 
 ho Ash- 
 
 school, 
 
 jyterian 
 
 lich are 
 
 also an 
 
 all. 
 
 and St. 
 napolis, 
 
 rid a). — 
 mlation 
 
 )n. 
 
 A favourite winter and summer 
 resort, possessing some sulphuroixs 
 springs. The vegetation is very 
 rich. The water of the springs has 
 a temperature of 78 degrees Fahr., 
 and is considered useful in cases of 
 Bright's disease, rheumatism, gout, 
 etc. Magnolia, Falatka and Tocoy 
 are also winter resorts, and well 
 worth the trouble of a visit. There 
 are some Spanish ruins in the 
 neighbourhood, and fine Onntge 
 Graces at Orange Mills and Dancif's 
 Wharf. 
 
 Reached by Jacksonville, Tamiia 
 and Key West Railway, from Jack- 
 sonville, in 1 hour. 
 
 Greenfield (Miissachns 'tfs). — near 
 N(,rthampton; population (1880), 
 3,'jOO. 
 
 Hotels: American, Mansion. 
 
 A beautiful little town, with shady 
 streets and villas, surrounded by 
 gardens. It is a very favourite 
 summer resoi-t, with picturesque 
 scenery. Excursions may be made 
 to Turner's Falls, Coleraine, Shel- 
 hurne, Bernardston and Let/den 
 Gorges. 
 
 Reached by C>)nnecticut River 
 Railway, from Springfield, in If 
 hours. 
 
 Green Lake {JVisconsin). — Green 
 Lake County; population (1880), 
 1,407. 
 
 Hotels : Hill's, Sherwood, Forrest, 
 Oak wood. Pleasant Point. 
 
 A favourite summer resort, with 
 very charming scenery. 
 
 Reached by Chicago and North- 
 Western Railway, from Chicago, via 
 Fond du Lac, in 7 hours. 
 
 Greenport {Neto York). — On Long 
 Island; population (1880), 1,800. 
 
 Hotels: Clark, Wyandank, Booth. 
 
 A lively summer resort, with 
 excellent smooth water, bathiny, 
 boating, and Ashing. Wild ducks 
 are abundant and afford good sport 
 in the season. The excursions to 
 Orient Village, Shelter SindGardiner's 
 Islands are interesting. 
 
 Reached by Long Island Railway, 
 from Brooklyn, in 4 hours. 
 
 Greenville (SuKfh CaroUmi).- Seat 
 of Greenville County; population 
 (188(0, 6,200. 
 
 Hotels: Central, Commercial, Ex- 
 change, Greenville, Mansion. 
 
 Situated on Reedy River, and at 
 the foot of Saluda Mountains, its 
 s^ite is very beautiful. It is a very 
 l)opul,xr resort in winter, lying as 
 it does at the entrance to the chief 
 beauties of the mountain region of 
 South Carolina. An Opera Honso 
 and a Town ILall are the only places 
 of amusement. 
 
 Reached by Columbia and Green- 
 ville Railway, from Columbia, in 7 
 hours. 
 
 Greensboro' {Xorth Carol! la).— 
 Seat f)f Guilford County ; poimlation 
 (1880), 5,1(K\ 
 
 Hotels: Central, Benbow, McAdoo, 
 Planters. 
 
 A rapidly increasing town, situ- 
 ated in a rich tobacco-])r()(lucinn' 
 country', and near valuable coal, 
 iron and copper deposits. There 
 are some public buildings, but nono 
 of sufficient interest to detain the- 
 tourist. 
 
 Reached by Richmond and Dan- 
 ville Railway, from Richmond, via 
 North Danville, in 9^ hours. 
 
 Greenwich {Connecticut). — Fair- 
 field County ; population (188(»), 
 8,000. 
 
 Hotels: Lennox, Cit^', Morton. 
 
 A picturesque old town, situated 
 on Long Island Sound. It is noted 
 for the great number of its summer 
 villas. In the neighbotirhood are 
 several favourite summer resort ^,. 
 affording pleasant excursions. 
 
 Reached by New York, New 
 Haven and Hartford Railwaj', from 
 New York, in 1 hour. 
 
 Greenwood Lake {Xew York).— - 
 Near Paterson; population (1880), 
 
 Hotels : Brandon, Windermere^ 
 Traphagen. 
 
 A highly po])ular summer resort. 
 It is called " the miniature L:iko 
 George," and being enclosed by 
 mountains, offers some verV 
 pictur.>s(iue scenery. The water's 
 
 D 
 
98 
 
 BRADSIIAW S UXn;:!) STATKS. 
 
 1 II 
 
 i( 
 
 If: 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 % 
 
 4 
 
 are deep, and abound in fish. A 
 sniiill stoaraer plies on it, makln,<< 
 two trii)S daily. The excni-- 
 sions ai'o very interestinj?, and 
 include Lukes 3/McopJ«,Wawayanda, 
 Sterling and Turner^ s. 
 
 Reached l)y New York and Green- 
 wood Railway, from New York, via 
 Paterson, in\\ hours. 
 
 Grenada {Mississippi). — Seat of 
 Grenada County; po])ulation (1830), 
 2,500. 
 
 Hotels: Chamborlin, Walthall. 
 
 Situated on the Yellowlnisha 
 River. The chief business is 
 cotton shippin.f? ; the town has also 
 some manufactures. There is a 
 United States Land Office here, and 
 s:)veral churches. Three public 
 halls. 
 
 Reached by Mississippi and Ten- 
 nessee Railwaj', from Memphis, in 
 4.5 hours. 
 
 Griffin {Georgia). — Seat of Spalding 
 County; population (18S0), 4,200. 
 
 Ilotels: Nelms,Wheeler, Goddard. 
 
 A thrivini? town, with some unin- 
 terestin?* county buildings. Has 
 some tiade in cotton, and a few 
 manufactures. 
 
 Reached by Savannah, Griffin and 
 North Alabama Railwaj', from 
 Atalanta, in 2 hours. 
 
 Gunnison ( Colorado) . — Gunnison 
 County; population, 5,000. 
 
 Hotels : The Rocky Mountains. 
 
 A thriving and rapidly increasing 
 town, with large mining interests. 
 Tt is an important railwaj' centre ; 
 possesses a Court House, several 
 churches and schools, and a b:ink 
 with 10 million of dollars capital. 
 It is the great outfitting centre of 
 this region, and its trade is very 
 large. The surrounding country is 
 fertile, and admirably adapted for 
 cattle raising ; though at present 
 ouly its mines are of interest. 
 
 Rea^'hed by Un* 'i Pacific Railway, 
 from Kansas Cii„ , via Denver, in 31 
 hours. 
 
 Ilaskensack {New Jerset/) .—Seat of 
 Bersjeu County ; population (18S0), 
 4,500. 
 
 Hotels: National, Washington, 
 Hackensaek, Mansion. 
 
 A thriving and picturesque 
 country, full of quaint old houses. 
 The surrounding country is under 
 very high cultivation. It is situated 
 on 'the Ilackcnsack Riv'er, has a 
 c )r.siderable trade in jcwellry, silk, 
 iron, timber, etc., eight churches, 
 several banks and newspapers, anil 
 two public halls, each capable of 
 seating 700 persons. 
 
 Reached by New Jet sey and New 
 Y'oi!: Railway, from New York, via 
 New .Jersey City and Wcehawken, 
 in \\ hours. 
 
 Hagerstown {Mart/haul) .—Sent of 
 Washington County ; population 
 (1880), 0,050. 
 
 Hotels: Baldwin, Franklin, City, 
 Antietam. 
 
 Situated on Whitewater Canal 
 and Antietara Creek, 22 miles above 
 the entrance to Potomac. Tt is 
 regularly laid out and well built ; 
 has handsome Court House, and a 
 ])roperous manufacturing and 
 agricultural trade. It was the scene 
 of severe conflicts during the Civil 
 Wars. The College of St. James is 7 
 miles distant; the Academy of Music 
 and the Lyceum seat respectively 
 800 and 40() ])ersonf?. 
 
 Reached by Baltimore and Ohio 
 Railway', from Baltimore, in 4^- 
 hours. >-, 
 
 Haines Falls {New York).— In the 
 Catskill Mountains. 
 
 Hotels : Haines Houfc. 
 
 A beautiful waterfall, and a spot 
 much frequented by artists. The 
 fall makes several leaps, and in less 
 than \ mile decends about 475 feet. 
 Close by are Catterslcill Clove, High 
 Rocks and Fawn Leap Falls. 
 
 Reached from the Mountain House 
 in \ hour. 
 
 Hamilton (O/^io).— Seat of Butler 
 County; population (1880), 12,200. 
 
 Hotels : Philips, Straub, St. 
 James. 
 
 Situated on the Miami River and 
 the Miami and Erie Canal. Hamilton 
 is surrounded by a rich and popu- 
 lous country with a great variety of 
 
 v.- 
 
GKEXADA — HARia.SBURG. 
 
 00 
 
 Washingtori, 
 
 picturesque 
 t old houses, 
 itry is under 
 It is situated 
 liver, has a 
 3\vellry, silk, 
 ht churches, 
 spapers, an(l 
 1 capable of 
 
 sey and New 
 ew York, via 
 Wcehawken, 
 
 id). — Seat of 
 population 
 
 mklin, City, 
 
 rater Canal 
 1 miles above 
 mac. It is 
 well built ; 
 louse, and a 
 uring and 
 vas the scene 
 big the Civil 
 »Y. James is 7 
 emy of Music 
 respectively 
 
 *e and Ohio 
 lore, in 4 \ 
 
 rk). — In the 
 
 and a spot 
 rtists. The 
 , and in less 
 lit 475 feet. 
 CloKe, High 
 Us. 
 itain House 
 
 b of Butler 
 SO), 12,200. 
 
 raub, St. 
 
 1 River and 
 Hamilton 
 
 land iJopu- 
 variety of 
 
 manufactures. There are a number 
 of handsome churcl' :3 and schools, 
 an Opera House, nnd a Music Jlalf, 
 a Court Jlouse and a Public Library. 
 A canal i-ni)i)lics water with a fall 
 of 28 feet for the mills. 
 
 Reached by Cincinnati, Hamiltmi 
 and Dayton 'R;iil way, from Cincin- 
 nati in 1 hour. 
 
 Hammondsport (yew York-).— 
 Ontiirio County ; population (188U), 
 800. 
 Hotels : Grove Spring House. 
 
 A summer resort and centre of 
 extensive vine-growing districts, on 
 Lake Keuka. Scenery very pictur- 
 esque. The Catawlia and Isabella 
 claret and native chami)agne are 
 ])roduced in this district. The 
 Urbana and PleasaTit Valley Wine 
 Co. have very extensive cellars well 
 worth a visit. 
 
 Reached by Bath and Hammonds- 
 ]")ort (narrow gauge) Railway, from 
 Canandaigua, in i|- hour. 
 
 Hannibal {Missouri). — Seat of 
 Marion County; population (1880), 
 11,100. 
 
 Hotels : Planters, Park, Conti- 
 nental, Union Station. 
 
 A very flourishing town on the 
 Mississippi River, with extensive 
 manufactures. It is a great railway 
 and shipping centre for the sur- 
 rounding agricultural districts, and 
 is also the largest timber market, 
 after St. Louis, west of the Missis- 
 sippi. It carries on a large trade in 
 toliacco, cork, and flour. There are 
 some iminteresting comity build- 
 ings, an Opera House, an AiaJemy of 
 Mtisie nnd two Music Halls. 
 
 RouCi.od ])y Missouri Pacific Rail- 
 way, from St. Louis, in 10 hours. 
 
 Hanover {I^ew Hampshire). 
 Norwich. 
 
 Near 
 
 V 
 
 Hotels : The Dartmouth. 
 
 A small village, well known as 
 the seat of Dartmouth College, 
 founded in 1709. Daniel "Webster 
 studied here. The buildings are 
 placed around a square. The princi- 
 pal are : Reed Hall (with library of 
 50,000 volumes), Dartmouth Hall, 
 Culver Hall, and the new Gym- 
 
 nasium. It includes, besides tho 
 literary department, a college for 
 technical instruction for agriculture, 
 and a medical school. 
 
 Reached by Boston and Lowell 
 Railway, from Concord, via 
 Norwich, in 3^ hours. 
 
 Harper's Ferry {West Virginia). 
 — Jetferson County, near Martins- 
 burg; population (1880), S(K). 
 
 Hotels : Ferry House, Jefierson. 
 
 A delightful village, situated at 
 the continence of the Potomac and 
 Shenandoah Rivers; compactly but 
 irregularly built. Before tlie Civil 
 War an extensive and important 
 Arsenal was situated here. Scenery 
 charming and very picturesque. 
 Tourists should stop hete at least a 
 day, and ascend Maryland and 
 Bolivar Bills. The site is historical 
 as the scene of the exjtloits of John 
 Brown during the Civil War. liar- 
 l)er's Ferry was during that time 
 alternately in the hands of the 
 Federals and Confederates. Charles- 
 town, Elk Branch, and several other 
 interesting places are in the 
 vicinity. 
 
 Reached by Baltimore and Ohio 
 Railway, from Baltimore, cid Wash- 
 ington, in 2.1 hours. 
 
 'H.aTTisbVLTg'Peunsi/lvania^.—Cinntiil 
 of the State and seat of Dauidnn 
 County; population (1880), 30,800. 
 
 Hotels : Bolton, Jones, Lochiel, 
 United States, Masonic Hall. 
 
 It occupies a beautiful situation 
 on the east bank of Susquehanna 
 River, spanned here by two bridges. 
 It is handsomely built and sur- 
 rounded by very fine scenery. The 
 town was founded by JolniHarris, in 
 17H5, incori)orated in 1 701, and made 
 the State Capital in 1812. The State 
 Jlouse with the State Library on 
 second floor, the Court House, the 
 Arsenal, County Prison, Lunatic 
 Asylum, several handsome churches, 
 schools, and Markets are interest- 
 ing. It is an important Railwaj'- 
 centre, and contains extensive iron 
 works and factories. There is an 
 Opera House (Masonic Hall ) . Front- 
 street is the principal thoroughfare 
 and chief promenade, and has some 
 fine private residences. Harris 
 
 d2 
 
100 
 
 HRADSHAW S UXITKD STATKS. 
 
 ^ 4 
 
 %-.\ 
 
 , i 
 
 .1 •> 
 
 I? ' 
 
 Park, artistically laid out, and also 
 the Cemetery, ]}oth occupy a com- 
 manding i)osition, and afford line 
 views. 
 
 Reached by Pennsylvania Rail- 
 way, from Philadelpiiia, via Lan- 
 caster, in 1 hours. 
 
 Hartford (r.jnHrc/(V»0-— Capital of 
 the State and chief town of Hartford 
 County J population (1880), 42,550. 
 
 Hotels : Allyn, United States, 
 City. 
 
 Conoeyancea : Tramways to all 
 parts ; carriat?es, 25 cents the course 
 within the hounclaries. 
 
 Amutsemeiitg: The Oi)era House,395, 
 Main-street, Allyn llall, and several 
 smaller Music Halls. 
 
 Post Office : In City Hall-square. 
 
 Bitnkera ; The Hartford Bank. 
 
 Medical: Dr. Tate, Allen. 
 
 Dentist : 
 
 This town is situateil at the head of 
 the sloop navif^ation of Connecticut 
 River, 60 miles from Long Island 
 Sound. It is a handsome town, and 
 connected with East Hartford by a 
 covered bridge, 1,0(X) feet long. 
 Besides carrying on a considerable 
 manufacturing business, it is one of 
 the chief centres for lire and life 
 insurance business. Its principal 
 manufactures are hardware, though 
 there are also some wcollen spinning 
 and weaving mdls. It is regularly 
 laid out, and covers an area of over 
 10 sijuare miles, divided into two 
 une<iual parts l)y Park River, which 
 is si)anned by numerous bridges. 
 Main-street is the principal 
 thoroughfare, and Asylum and 
 State streets the chief business 
 (quarters. The outskirts are beauti- 
 tiod with villas and gardens. 
 
 Amongst the most interesting 
 buildings are the Netp State House, 
 ))uilt of marble, and sulHciently 
 large to accommodate both Houses 
 of Legislation, several State depart- 
 ments, and the Supreme Court, 
 with its Library; the Old State 
 House, on State House-square; the 
 City Hall, in Kingsley-street ; the 
 PoU Office, with the 'United State 
 Supreme Court, in City Hall-square ; 
 the Opera House, and Wadsirorth 
 AtheiKPiim, in Main-street ; the latter 
 with a library of 90 .(XH) volumes. 
 
 There are about lO churches, 
 the most interesting ])eing: Chunk 
 of the Good Shepherd, Catholic 
 Cathedral, Christ Church, South 
 Baptist, Park and Pearl-street Con- 
 f/ret/afiou'il. The Trinity Colleye on 
 Rocky Hill should be visited; the 
 architecture is early English, and 
 was designed l)y William Jiurges.of 
 London. It occupies, with gardens, 
 etc., about 80 acres. 
 
 Among the business buildings the 
 most imi)ortant are : The Colt Fire 
 Arms Manufactory, in Main-street ; 
 the buildinir of Cheney llrothers, iu 
 Main and Temjile streets ; Conn c- 
 ilcut Mutual Lift Insurance Compmnj 
 (State House-s(|uaro), and Charter 
 Oak Lfe Insurance Cw/n/xo/j/ (Main- 
 street). The Union Depot is very 
 line. The High School near the 
 I'ark is a very handsome building. 
 The Theological Institute, the Asylum 
 for the Deaf and Dumb, Lu'n .tic 
 Asylum, Hartford- Hospital, Hart- 
 ford Orphan Asylum are all worth 
 inspecting. 
 
 " Mark Twain " has a handsome 
 residence in Farmington Avenue, 
 Bnshwell Park, covering 16 acres is 
 the chief recreation ground, south of 
 the Union Depot ; favourite drives 
 are to Tumble Down Brook, Talcott 
 Mountains, Trout Brook Itesercoir, 
 Prospect Hill, and Wethersfield. The 
 Ancient Burying Ground in the 
 Main-street, at the back of Centre 
 Church, and the Cedar Hill Cemetery, 
 with Colt and Beach monuments, 
 giving a fine view over the town 
 and country, should also be visited. 
 
 East Hartford, across the River, 
 is an ancient town, with quaint old 
 houses, and streets shaded l)y elms. 
 
 Reached by New York, New- 
 Haven and Hartford Railway, from 
 New York, via New Haven, in 4^ 
 hours. 
 
 Hastings {Minnesota).— ^Q^t of 
 Dakota County ; population (1880), 
 3,900. 
 
 Hotels : Tremont, Foster, St. Joe. 
 
 A thriving towMi, on the Vermilion 
 River, which falls here 110 feet in a 
 quarter of a mile, and consequently 
 furnishes abundant water power. 
 It also joins the Mississippi River. 
 It has a prosperous future. It con- 
 tains several flour, saw and shinglo 
 mills, and is an important wheat 
 
IIAUTFORD — HILLSDALK. 
 
 101 
 
 liurche.-, 
 : Chunk 
 Catholic 
 r, South 
 t'ppt Coil- 
 "oUeije on 
 ited ; the 
 ish, and 
 
 {UTKCS, of 
 
 gardens, 
 
 ilinj?sthe 
 Colt Firr 
 n-stroct ; 
 othrrx, iu 
 ; Comic- 
 ■ Couii'fini/ 
 [\ Chart, ')• 
 )iy (Miiin- 
 f is very 
 near the 
 building. 
 hcAKj/liim 
 , Luu .t it- 
 'll, Hart- 
 all worth 
 
 landsome 
 . Avenue. 
 6 acres is 
 I, south of 
 ito drives 
 Talcott 
 'Icaervoir, 
 ihl. The 
 in the 
 Centre 
 Cemetery', 
 numents, 
 le town 
 )e visited. 
 River, 
 uaint ohl 
 by elms, 
 rk, New 
 ray, from 
 tren, in 4^ 
 
 Seat of 
 m (1880), 
 
 St. Joe. 
 
 Termilion 
 > feet in a 
 sequently 
 r power. 
 )pi River. 
 , It con- 
 d shing'.e 
 nt wheat 
 
 of 
 
 le 
 
 market. There are eight chnrohos ; 
 the Central School Jfoitue, and the 
 Teutonic and Straugn Music llalh 
 are worth noticing. 
 
 Reached by Chicago, Milwaukee 
 and St. Paul's Railway, from St. 
 Taul, in 11 hours. 
 
 Saverhill {MaitmchuBett*). — Essex 
 C:)unty ; population (1880), 18,5(H). 
 
 Hotels : Aetna, Central, City, 
 Clifton, Eagle. 
 
 A busy manufacturing town, 
 l)cautifidly situated oa the Merri- 
 nnic River. Staple i)i'oducts— boots, 
 .>^hi)cs and hats. It is well built, 
 •and contains a Fuhlic Library, with 
 20,000 volumes. The City Hall, in 
 Main-street; the marble ^o/f/iVr**' 
 Monuments, and several Music Halls 
 are worth noticing. A favourite 
 excursion is to Lake Kenosa. 
 
 Reached l)y Boston and Maine 
 Railway, fromUoston, in labours. 
 
 Hazleton {Pennsylvania). — Luzerne 
 County; population (1880), 7,550, 
 
 Hotels: Central, Hazleton. 
 
 A thriving, mining and manu- 
 facturing town on the Lehigh Valley 
 Railway. Has little of interest to 
 tourists. The Huzle Hall can seat 
 000 persons. 
 
 Reached by Philadelphia & Erie 
 Railway, from Harrisburg, via Sun- 
 bury, iu b\ hours. 
 
 Helena {Montana). — Capital of 
 Montana; poj)ulation (1880), 3,650. 
 
 Hotels : Cosmopolitan, Inter- 
 national, Bon Ton, Merchants. 
 
 Situated in Lewis and Clarke 
 County, the commercial ami linan- 
 fial centre of the Territory. All 
 transportation routes converge here. 
 It has important mining andmanu- 
 facturing interests. The most 
 important buildings are : U.S. Assay 
 Office, U.S. Land Office, State House 
 Ming^s Opera House, several Banks 
 and public halls. Many other puldic 
 and private buildings . are interest- 
 ing for so young a town. Helena 
 also possesses telephones, electric 
 lights, a flro department and 
 water works. Important gold and 
 silver, copper and iron mines exist 
 iu the neighbourhood. The hot 
 
 springs four miles W. of the town 
 lire much visited by jieople suffer- 
 ing from rhLMimutisin, g mt, etc. 
 Teini)er,vture of water lio to 11}(» 
 degrees, V. 
 
 Reached by Northorn Pacific Rail- 
 way, from St. Paul, r/(f Glendivc, 
 in 53 hours. 
 
 Helena {Ark msas). — Ch'uf town of 
 Pliillips C(ninty ; po )ulat'on (l^SO) 
 3,0(K). 
 
 Hotels: Shelby House. 
 
 Advantageously .situated on tho 
 Mississippi, eigl'.ty miles })l'1ow 
 Memphis, It is a shipping i)laco 
 for tho cotton growing ountrj-, 
 which lies behind it. OveroO.OOH 
 ])ales of cotton are annually i)assed 
 through this town on their way to 
 New Orleans. It has some unim- 
 portant imblic buildings, an Opera 
 House and two Music Halls. 
 
 Reached by Miss(juri Pacific 
 Railway, from St. Louis, via Knobel 
 iu 16^ hours. 
 
 Hempstead {Texas) . — ^awt of 
 Waller County ; ])opulation (1880), 
 1,0(H). 
 
 Hotels : City, St. Charles, Sloan, 
 Texas. 
 
 A very thriving and rapidly in- 
 creasing town. Public buildings 
 insignificant. liankin's ami Hani' 
 nionil's 'Theatres. 
 
 Reached by Houston & Texas 
 Central Railway, from Houston, in 
 2 hours. 
 
 Henderson {Kentucky). — Seat of 
 Henderson County ; population 
 (1880), 6,«00. 
 
 Hotels: Hord, Commercial, Hen- 
 derson, European. 
 
 The town is built on the Ohio, and 
 is largely interested in manu- 
 factures, such as woollen and 
 cotton spinning, weaving, distilling, 
 ice manufacturing, etc. The Cifif 
 Hall is noteworthy. 
 
 Reached by Louisville and Nash- 
 ville Railway, from Nashville, vid 
 Guthrie, in i}\ hours. 
 
 Hillsdale {Michigan). — Scat of 
 Hillsdale County ; population (18S0), 
 3,500. 
 
 PRO 
 
 ./ 
 
 ' A 
 
 L LIBRARY^ 
 
 ViCTORJA. B, C 
 
102 
 
 BKADSHAW S UMTKD STATES. 
 
 M 
 
 \ \ 
 
 |i I 
 
 1 
 
 1 1 
 
 * i: 
 
 ; 
 
 (ir 
 
 Jfofeh: Smith's, Moslicr's, Ran- 
 
 Situated on the St. Joseph River ; 
 it is chioHy a manufacturinff centre 
 in connection with the surrounding 
 coimtry. The lUlhdale Colle/je is 
 worth mentioning. Two Opera 
 Houses, capable of seating 1,2(K) and 
 H(M) resi)cctively ; otherwise there is 
 little of interest. 
 
 Reacheil by Detroit and Hillsdale 
 and South-Wcstern Railway, from 
 Detroit, cid Jackson, in 5 hours. 
 
 Hoboken {N^ew Jersey) .—Hudson 
 County; population (1880), 31, (XK). 
 
 Hotels : Park, Bush, Nagel, St. 
 Clair. 
 
 Pleasantly situated on the Hudson 
 River, opposite New York, and a 
 favourite Sunday resort for the 
 working classes of New York. There 
 are extensive factories here, as also 
 the docks of the German Steamship 
 Companies. It is inhabited chiefly 
 by Germans. Odd Fellows and 
 IVelber's Puhlic ILills. 
 
 Reached by Ferry from New York 
 in I hour. 
 
 Holbrook {Arizona). — Near Albu- 
 
 queniue; population (1880), 1,200. 
 
 Hotels : The City, Commercial 
 
 A small plnce, worth noticing as 
 being the starting point for the 
 diligences which run to the Moqnl 
 India u Villa f/es, 70 miles distant 
 from here. They are very interest- 
 ing and well worth a visit. Built 
 mostly on an eminence, with a com- 
 manding view of the surrounding 
 country, they are approachable 
 through a narrow gorge. The houses 
 are 2 or 3 storeys high, built of 
 mud and stone, and ranged in 
 hollow s(|uares. The entrance is 
 only by ladders to the second storey, 
 the ground floor being without any 
 means of entrance. There are seven 
 (Zuni being the chief) of these dying 
 cities. The inhabitants excel in 
 pottery, weaving and mural decora- 
 tions, and excite the curiosity of 
 archaeologists by their strange re- 
 ligious rites. 
 
 Reached by Atchison, Topeka and 
 Santa Fe Railway, and Atlantic and 
 Pacific Rsiilway, from Santa F^, via 
 Albuquerque, in 13 hours. 
 
 Holl^/daysburg (PfHwyy.'rtt /'<»). — 
 Seii t of Blair County ; jtopulatioii 
 (lH8(t), 3,200. 
 
 Hotels: American, Logan, Dau- 
 nall. 
 
 Situated on the Juniata River and 
 Pennsylvania Canal. It is interest- 
 ing only for its manufactures. 
 There is an Opera House with 1,200 
 seats, and a Public Hall with 800. 
 It is the trading centre for the sur- 
 rounding agricultural country. 
 
 Reached by the Pennsylvania 
 Railway, from Harrisbu'rg, via 
 Altoona, in 6 hours. 
 
 Holly Springs {Mississippi) .Seal 
 of Marshall County ; population 
 (1880), 2,-400. 
 
 Hotels: MacComb, Nuttall, Holly 
 Springs. 
 
 A pleasant town, with good educa- 
 tional institutions. Much visited 
 by tourists for its jilcasant scenery. 
 It has a largo cotton trade, and 
 waggon manufactories. 
 
 Reached by Chicago, St. Louis 
 and New Orleans Riiihvay, from 
 New Orleans, via Grenada, in 14^ 
 hours. 
 
 Holyoke {Massach nsetts) . — Hamp- 
 den County ; population (1880). 
 21,850. 
 
 Hotels : Windsor, Samosett, 
 Holj'oke. 
 
 A large manufacturing town, 
 situate on Connecticut River, and 
 possessing greater water power than 
 any town in the New England 
 States. The river, in 1| miles, falls 
 65 feet 'over an immense dam, and 
 through a system of canals three 
 miles in length. Woollen and 
 cotton goods, cutlery and paper are 
 the chief manufactures. The town 
 is well built, and contains several 
 fine granite public buildings, 
 amongst which the City Hall and a 
 handsome Soldiers' Monument may 
 be mentioned. The Opera House 
 and Parson's Hall can seat respec- 
 tively 1,100 and 800 persons. 
 Pleasant excursions may be made 
 to Mount Tom and Mount Holyoke, 
 Ox Boto Island and Northampton. 
 
 Reached by Connecticut River 
 Railwaj^ fi'om Springfield, in one 
 quarter hour. 
 
IIOBOK KX — IIOUSTOX. 
 
 103 
 
 ft a 
 
 )er are 
 [3 town 
 everal 
 dings, 
 
 and a 
 may 
 
 House 
 espec- 
 rsons. 
 
 made 
 oli/oke, 
 
 ton. 
 
 River 
 n one 
 
 . 
 
 H onesdale ( Pin ust/hama) .—Seat 
 of Wayne County; population (1880), 
 7,00<>. 
 
 Hotels : Allen, Kipple, Wayne 
 County. 
 
 Pleasantly situated on the Dela- 
 ware and Hudson Canal. The chief 
 object of interest is the Qruvitij 
 Railicay. Coal mining and glass 
 making are the staple industries. It 
 contains 8omrr])ul)lic buildings, an'l 
 a Hall capable of seating (500 
 liersons. 
 
 Reached by New York, Lake Erie 
 and Western Railway, from New 
 York, via Port Jervis, in 5 hours. 
 
 Hopatcong Lake {Netc Jersei/).— 
 Near Drakesville. 
 
 Hot eh : Lake Hopatcong, Lake 
 View. 
 
 Situated among the Brookland 
 Mountains ; 725 feet above the sea ; 
 it is a favourite summer resort. Its 
 name means " Stone over the 
 water," and was given to it by the 
 Indians on account of a stone bridge 
 connecting the islands with the 
 shore, which is now submerged. 
 The scenery around is very lovely, 
 and the lake affords excellent fish- 
 ing, — steamers ply on the lake. 
 SouthariVs Peak, close by, affords 
 an extensive view. limhV» Lake, in 
 a picturesque country, is also close 
 
 by. 
 
 Reached by Delaware, Lacka- 
 wanna andWestevn Railway, from 
 New York, via Drakesville, in 3 
 hours. 
 
 Hopkinsville {Kentucky).— Q\\v\&- 
 tian County ; population(18S0) ,4,250. 
 
 Hotels: Phoenix, Cooper House. 
 
 Situated on the Little River, with 
 some manufacturing and agricul- 
 tural interests. The Holloway Hull, 
 with 1,200, and Mozart Hull with 
 600 seats, are the prominent 
 features of this otherwise unin- 
 teresting town. 
 
 Reached by Louisville and Nash- 
 ville Railway, from Nashville, v'd 
 Guthrie, in 4^ hours. 
 
 Hornellsville {New York). — 
 Steuben County; population (1880), 
 8,200. 
 Hotels : Osborn, Nichols,Dellevan. 
 
 A manufacturing town on the 
 Canisteo River, in an uninteresting 
 country. Nothing to attract tourists. 
 There is an Opera House which can 
 seat 1,500. 
 
 Ileached by New York, Lake Erie 
 and Westerr. Railway, from New 
 York, citi liinghainptou.iu lojhours. 
 
 Hot Springs (-Ir^fN'xff").— Garland 
 County; population (18SI)), 3,(MX>. 
 
 Holds: Arli!i.^ton. 
 
 One of the most largely fre- 
 fiucnted health resorts in America. 
 The town issituated 1, 50* » feet above 
 the sea-level, and has (if) springs, 
 varj'ing in temperature between 93 
 and 100 degrees Fahr. The 
 mineral i)roperties are suljihurous 
 and saline, ami are etlicacious in 
 skin diseases, rheumatic com))laint8, 
 and mercurial atTectiT)iis. The 
 waters may be taken interiially, but 
 are chiclly used in b.iths and 
 douches. The air is not favourable 
 to pulmonary complaints. The 
 country round is interesting. 
 
 Reachc'l hy Missouri Pacific Rail- 
 way, from St. Louis, via Poplar 
 liluif, in 21 hours. 
 
 Houston (7'UVT.i).— Seat of Harris 
 County; population (1880), 18,700. 
 
 Hotels : Capitol, Barnes, Hutchins. 
 
 The town is situated at the head 
 of the tidal estuary on Buffalo 
 Bayou. It is the third town in pop- 
 ulation, and the first in manufac- 
 turing importance. The Bayou, an 
 arm of Galveston Bay, is spanned 
 by several bridges, and the town on 
 its left bank covers an area of about 
 10 S(pi'ire miles. It is a groat rail- 
 way centre. It has a considerable 
 manufacturing and lumber trade, 
 while its general business with 
 the surrounding grazing and agri- 
 cultural country is very con- 
 siderable. Amongst several note- 
 worthy buildings ma\- bo mentioned 
 the Cty Hall, with Market House 
 and the Masonic Tfnple, Oray'a 
 Pillars and Turner's Jfxlls. The 
 town is travers' dby tram v^ ays, and 
 the streets planted with shady trees. 
 It is also resorted t^ as a winter 
 station, its air being cjnsidered very 
 healthy. 
 
 Reached by Galveston, ITarris- 
 burg and San Antonio Railway, 
 from New Orleans, in 14 hours. 
 
 
104 
 
 BBADSIIAW S UNITED .STATKS. 
 
 <l, 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ *l 
 
 I 
 
 it 
 
 Howe's Cave (iV< w York).— 30 miles 
 from Albany. 
 
 llofeh : Cave House. 
 
 The third in extent of the ^rcat 
 American underpfround prottos. It 
 is said to extend over more than 12 
 miles, thouj?h usually only visited 
 to about 4 miles. The various por- 
 tions have received more or less 
 fanciful names and denominations. 
 It is lighted ])y pas as far as the 
 lake, and the stalactites, etc., are 
 very fine. BalVa Cace and some 
 other minor grottos are in the 
 vicinity. (Entrance, including 
 guide to Howe's Cave, U dols.) 
 
 Reached by Delaware and Hudson 
 Canal Railway, from Albany, in 
 2i hours. 
 
 Hudson (A1?K' York). — Seat of 
 Columbia County; i)opulation (1880), 
 ■ 8,800. 
 
 Hotels: Central, City, Waldron, 
 Worth, Farmer's, St. Nicholas, 
 Manor. 
 
 Very picturcsf(uely situated on a 
 l)old promontory on the Hudson, 
 opposite Athens; has some manu- 
 factures, but is mainly a summer 
 resort. Prospect Hill affords a fine 
 view, while Claverack Valley and 
 Columbia Springs are favourite 
 'excursions. The City Hall is ex- 
 .' tensive. 
 
 Reached by Boston and Albany 
 Railway, from Albany, via Chatham, 
 - in 2 hours. 
 
 Hudson {Michigan). — Lawrence 
 County; population (1380), 2,500. 
 Hotels: Higgins, Comstock. 
 
 The centre of a very fertile 
 farming country, whence great 
 quantities of fruit are exported. 
 There is also a mineral spring, 
 which is becoming known to 
 visitors. 
 
 Reached by Lake Shore and 
 Michigan Southern Railway, from 
 Elkha-'i. in 3 hours. 
 
 Idaho Springs (Colorado). — Near 
 Central City and Georgetown ; 
 population (1880), 750. 
 
 Hotels : Alvord, Beebe. 
 A favourite summer resort, situ- 
 ated in a lovely valley at abcut 7,800 
 
 fccL above the soa level. The town 
 is celebrated for its hot soda springs. 
 Large swimming baths have ))eeu 
 recently constructc<l. The sur- 
 rounding country is extremely 
 picturesjjue, and offers many inter- 
 esting excursions, amtmgst which 
 may l)o mentioned Fall Hirers 
 Chicago Lakex, the MiHe»f Middle 
 Park, and Old Chief. The air is 
 pure and l)raoing. The waters con- 
 tain soda, magnesia, iron and limo, 
 and are ettloacious in rheumatism 
 and paralysis. It is much fre- 
 quented in summer and winter ; tho 
 establishments are first rate in their 
 balneal arrangements and accom- 
 modation. 
 
 Reached by Union PaciflcRailway, 
 from Denver, in \ hour. 
 
 Indianapolis (/»r/'aH«).— Capital of 
 Indiana, and seat of Marion County ; 
 population (1880), 75,100. 
 
 Hotels : Bates, Grand, Occidental, 
 Renny-Brunswick, English Opera 
 House, and Sherman are the leading 
 hotels ; others are the Denison, 
 Spencer, Mason. At all prices 
 ranging from ^2\ to $3. 
 
 JRestanraiits at the leading hotels. 
 
 Amusements : Opera House, with 
 1,400 seats. Park Theatre, Masonic 
 Hall, and several minor ones. 
 
 Conveyances : Tramways run 
 through the town in all directions ; 
 Hackney Coaches can be hired in 
 various places and at the railway 
 stations. Bridges cross the river. 
 
 Post and Telegraph Offices: Corner 
 of Pennsylvania and Market 
 Streets. 
 
 Clubs : The Union of Indianapolis, 
 the Trotting Club. 
 
 Indianapolis, the chief and most 
 populous town of the State, is 
 l)leasantly situated on the White 
 River, almost in the centre of the 
 State. It is in a large and fertile 
 plain. Its streets arc 90 feet wide, 
 crossing.each other at right angles. 
 From a central square, four avenues 
 radiate, cutting the other streets 
 diagonally. The town was founded 
 in 1819, and six years later became 
 the capital of the State. It is a 
 great railway centre, twelve lines 
 converging here. Its trade is very 
 important, and its manufactures 
 I are daily increasing. The irln- 
 
TIOWK S CAVE — ITHACA. 
 
 105 
 
 ho town 
 ■<printfs. 
 ve been 
 :io sur- 
 tremely 
 ly iiiter- 
 t wliicli 
 
 Middle 
 ) air is 
 ers con- 
 nd lirao, 
 iraatism 
 ich fre- 
 ter ; tho 
 in their 
 
 accom- 
 
 laihvay. 
 
 apital of 
 County ; 
 
 lidental, 
 
 I Opera 
 
 leading 
 
 Denison, 
 
 prices 
 
 • hotels. 
 
 ie, with 
 
 Masonic 
 
 s. 
 
 fa run 
 
 ections ; 
 
 lired in 
 
 railway 
 
 river. 
 
 Corner 
 Market 
 
 .napolis, 
 
 tid most 
 tate, is 
 ; White 
 e of tho 
 
 fertile 
 et wide, 
 i angles, 
 avenues 
 
 streets 
 founded 
 became 
 It is a 
 ve lines 
 : is very 
 factures 
 le jrln- 
 
 cipal industries arc pork imcking 
 and the miinufaoturc of ngricultural 
 imi)lemcnts. 
 
 Tho State House is'just completed. 
 The Institute for tho Mind, the 
 Court House, tho United iStates 
 Arsenal, tho Lunatic Asylum, tho 
 Deaf and Dumb Institute, standing 
 in 105 Jtcros of grounds, and tho 
 Union I'assonger Dejiotare tho chief 
 buildings of note, Tho CUty Hall, 
 the County and Town Prison, the 
 Odd Fellows Hall, tho Masonic 
 Hall, the Post OlHce are also of 
 importance. The principal thorough- 
 fares aire Washington, South, 
 Meridian.Pcnusylvania, and Illinois 
 streets. The town has a largo 
 number of churches of all denomi- 
 nations. Amongst tho educational 
 institutions, Butler University, four 
 miles east of the town, occupies the 
 first i)lace. Tho State Library and 
 Citv Free Library are extensive 
 collections of books for so young a 
 town. 
 
 Indianapolis is amply provided 
 with charitable institutions, while 
 many of its large industrial estab- 
 lishments merit attention. There 
 arc many parks, all of which are 
 well frequented and fashicmable ; 
 Trotting Park, 80 acres in extent, 
 with a course of one mile in length, 
 is especially so on Sundays. Crown 
 Hill, Catholic Cemetery, and Green 
 Baum Cemetery are the principal 
 burial grounds, and they are all well 
 laid out and ornamented with 
 shrubs and trees. 
 
 Reached by Chicago, St. Louis, 
 and PittsburgRailway.from Chicago, 
 in 4 hours. 
 
 Ionia (Michiffciu). — Seat of Ionia 
 County ; population (1880), 4,700. 
 
 Hotels : Washington, Bailey, 
 Clarendon, Union, National. 
 
 A small but thriving agricultural 
 and manufacturing community, on 
 the Grand River. It is crossed by 
 two railways, but has little interest 
 to a tourist. It contains two large 
 halls. 
 
 Reached by Detroit, Grand Haven, 
 and Milwaukee Railway from Mil- 
 waukee, via Grand Haven.in 3 hours. 
 
 Iowa City. — Seat of Johnson 
 County, and former Capital of State 
 of Iowa ; population (1880), 6,750. 
 
 Jfofrh: St. James, Palace. 
 Amitni'Hieufti : Opera House, scats 
 
 1,IK>0. 
 
 Cnnrrynncps : Tmmw.iys (faro 
 5 cts.) 
 
 Pout and Tel rif I'll )>h Office : In tho 
 Court House Buildings, 
 
 Iowa City is beautifully situated 
 on the BliitTs on the left bank of 
 the Iowa River. It is embowered 
 in groves of trees and surronnilod 
 by fertile and thickly-settlecl 
 l»rairies. Tho river furnishes 
 water jjowor to several mills and 
 factories. Like all American towns, 
 it h.as wide and straight streets; it 
 is the scat of the State University, 
 with (iOO students. Tho old Capitol, 
 County Court and other l)uildings 
 of the town are interesting. It has 
 a future before it. 
 
 Reached by BurlingUm, Cedar 
 Rapids & Northern Railway, from 
 Burlington, via Cedar Rapids, in 6^ 
 hours. 
 
 Ironton (Ohio). — Seat of Lawrence 
 County; population (1880), 0,000. 
 
 Hotels: Irondale, Sheridan. 
 
 An industrious manufacturing 
 town, doing an annual business of 
 10,(KH),(H)0 dols. in iron alone. It is 
 tho centre of Southern Ohio and N, 
 Kast Kentucky ; and has extensive 
 rolling mills, furnaces, machine 
 shojjs, etc. Tho mas(mic Opera 
 House is tho principal place of 
 amusement. 
 
 Reachoil })y Dayton & Ironton 
 Railway, from Dayton, in 12 hours. 
 
 Ithaca {'S^ew I'orA-).— Seat of Tomp. 
 kins County; population (1880), 
 9,1 to. 
 
 Hotels: Clinton, Ithaca, Tomp- 
 kins. 
 
 Situated on both sides of Cayuga 
 Inlet, one mile from the head of the 
 Cayuga Lake. It is an important 
 business and railway centre, and 
 its manufactures are extensive. It 
 is more visited on account of its very 
 beautiful scenery and as a summer 
 resort than for other reasons. The 
 situation is very picturesque. It is 
 the seat of Cornell University, 
 rapidly becoming one of the most 
 favoured educational establish- 
 ments in the State. The buildings 
 
 I 
 
 t 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 f 
 
106 
 
 URADSirAW s! UVITED BTATFS. 
 
 •: 1; 
 
 
 I i 
 
 \i:\ 
 
 on a hill IX) feet lii>;h are well 
 worth a visit, the view from thciii 
 hciiij; very fino. ('jiyujjfa Lake 
 ulTonls pli'iity of sport with hoat- 
 infr'-, Kaili!i)Lr, llshinLr, ami bathiiif^. 
 In the Jici^liboiirhood areuutncrous 
 waterfalls, amonj? which may be 
 iiientioTicd Ithaca Falls in Ithaca 
 (lorw'e, iiiid Taj^hkanic Falls. Near 
 the latter is the Ta^'hkanic Hotel. 
 
 lleiu'hed ])y Delaware, liakawauna 
 and Western Railway, from New 
 York, rid UinghamptouandOwego, 
 iu 10 hours. 
 
 Jackson {^[ichigan). — Seat of Jack- 
 son Countv; i)opulation (IHBO), 
 19,130; 4S0 feet above Lake 
 Michigan. 
 
 Jfofeln : llibbard, Hard, Union, 
 Commercial. 
 
 A busy mannfacturinfr town on 
 the Grand River and a K^reat rail- 
 way centre. It is rejxularlv laid 
 ontand the bnildinirs are substan- 
 tial. In tlie imnuMiiate vicinity of 
 Jackson the Michij^'an Coal district 
 begins, the mines being visible from 
 the railway. The passenger Depot 
 of the Michigan Central Railway 
 is very fine, and the Company's 
 offices and Round shops, etc., arc 
 situated here. Some School build- 
 ings, several of the churches, and 
 the State I'enitentiary are hand- 
 some and spacious l)uilding8. The 
 town has some manufactures. 
 
 Reached by Grand Trunk Railway 
 of Canada, from Detroit, via 
 Ridge way, in 11 hours. 
 
 Jackson {Migxitt^ijipi). —Caintnl of 
 Mississippi and Seat of Hinds 
 County; population (18S0), 5,172. 
 
 Hot el x: Edwards, European, 
 Spengler, Lawrence. 
 
 This town, situated on the Pearl 
 River, is the centre for the sur- 
 rounding agricultural district. It 
 is regularly built, and has some 
 handsome streets. It was captured 
 in iy63 by General Grant, when it 
 was almost totally destroyed, and 
 since then its progress has been 
 much retarded. The most note- 
 worthy building is the State House. 
 The State Penitentiary was almost 
 completely destroyed during the 
 Civil AVar, and is now in course of 
 
 rei)air. The State Library has 
 ].'),(MK> volumes. The Kxecutivo 
 Mansion, The; City Dall, The Disti- 
 tution for the Deaf, Dumb, and 
 Ulind, the Lunatic Asylum, Angclds 
 and Robinson's Hails, are other 
 buildings wortlij' of notice. 
 
 Reivched by Illinnis Central 
 Railway, from Cairo, via Grcnmla, iu 
 17 hours. 
 
 Jackson {yew jrimpKhi)-r).—Cn.m)\\ 
 County; population (lNsU),30S. 
 
 Jfofeh: Thorn Mountain House, 
 Jackson Falls House. 
 
 This place is much visited as a 
 summer resort by artists, for it.s 
 line scenery, and by sportsmen for 
 its excellent trout fishing, which is 
 the V)cst in the White Mtmntains. A 
 fine view of the surrounding moun- 
 tain chain, with Iron Mountain on 
 the right, and Tin Mountain on the 
 left, is ol)tained from the terrace of 
 the P^alls Hotel. The air is bracing 
 and the climate mild. The Jackson 
 Falls of White Cat Bro(!k are only 
 three minutes from the latter hotel. 
 Glen Ellis Falls are about seven 
 miles distant from Jackson; a 
 little further on the Crystal Cas- 
 cade comes into view. 
 
 Reached ])y Portland and Ogdens- 
 burg Railway, from Portland, ciu 
 N. Conwaj', in 3\ hours. 
 
 Jackson {Ten nesw). — Sent of 
 Madison County' ; population (1880), 
 6,570. 
 
 Hotels: Lancaster, Clift, Cavness, 
 Merchants, Payne's, Rolnnson. 
 
 Bankers: Bank of ifadison. 
 
 Medical : Dr. J. N. Fenncr, Dr. R. 
 Cartmell, Dr. G. C. Savage. 
 
 A manufacturing town and a 
 considerable cotton market. It is 
 charmingly situated on t;ie Forked 
 Deer River, in the centre of a very 
 fertile I'egion, and has an extensive 
 trade. The Court House (United 
 States Dist^ ict Court, and Supreme 
 Court for West Tennessee) is a 
 noticeable building. West Tennes- 
 see College is an increasingly popu- 
 lar educational establishment. The 
 river has good fishing. 
 
 Reached by Illinois Central Rail* 
 way, from Cairo, in 5J hours. 
 
ry has 
 xecMitivo 
 
 IC IllKti- 
 
 iil), iiml 
 An^'ch IS 
 •u other 
 
 Central 
 iuiwla, in 
 
 -Carroll 
 3GS. 
 
 I HoufcO, 
 
 ted ns a 
 , for its 
 >nien for 
 which is 
 itains. A 
 i^ raouii- 
 titain on 
 a on the 
 crrace of 
 i l)raciM;? 
 Jackson 
 arc only 
 ;er hotel. 
 It seven 
 fcson ; a 
 ital Cas- 
 
 Opdens- 
 aiul, cid 
 
 sat of 
 n(1880), 
 
 avness, 
 on. 
 
 n. 
 
 ^ Dr. B. 
 
 and a 
 It is 
 Forked 
 a very 
 tensive 
 (United 
 ipreme 
 i) is a 
 L'enRes- 
 popu- 
 [t. The 
 
 |1 Bail- 
 
 .TAfK^JON — janksvit.m:. 
 
 107 
 
 h 
 
 Jacksonville (/'Vor/W'/).— Scat of 
 Duval Cotiiit3'; population (18»(>), 
 
 Iluffh : Carleton, Windsor, St. 
 James, Kvcrett, St. Mark's, Duval. 
 
 AiiiKitPiiiriifit : Tlio Theatre, Na- 
 tional and Metropolitan Halls, 
 
 C'))iri'i/<nices : Tramwpys (5c. faro). 
 Carriaj,'es at different stands in the 
 town. 
 
 Fuxf iinl Telegraph OJice .- On Bay- 
 street. 
 B(nik('}'» : Bank of Jacksonville. 
 
 Mciliciil : Dr.Daniels, Dr.Mitchell, 
 Dr. Satal. 
 
 Tickrt (Did Excui'sio)! AijrntK : 
 Thomas Cook & Son, G9, West Bay- 
 street. 
 
 This is the commercial metropolis 
 of Flori la, and is situated advan- 
 tageously on the St. John's River, 
 about 2.') miles from its mouth. It is 
 mentioned here ns an increasinirly 
 poi)ular winter resort. Its mean 
 temperature is 09^ F., atid the mean 
 lowest in .January 52 'J F. There are 
 occasional frosts in January and 
 February, but on the whole the cli- 
 mate is eijuable. The air is i?ene- 
 rally clour and dry durinj^ the 
 winter season, there beins^ about 
 121 bright days from November till 
 May. It is considered preferable 
 by winter residents to manj' of the 
 other winter stations in the interior, 
 on account of its easy access, 
 superior accommodation and social 
 idvantai,'es. 
 
 Jacksonville is the centre of a 
 very fertile fruit growini? district. 
 Its exports are increasinij^ very 
 rapidly. Its trade in timber is 
 enormous. It is rej^ularly laid out, 
 on level ground. Its principal 
 thoroughfare is Baj'-street. North, 
 east and west are some pictures(pio 
 bluffs, offering a lino view of the 
 river, and covered with handsome 
 residences. It has several banks, 
 nnmeroas churciies of all denomi- 
 nations, good schools, and circulat- 
 ing library, and a free reading- 
 room, 
 season 
 
 to the tourist. E.xcursions on the 
 river and drives on the shell road 
 are fashionable. Moncrief springs 
 are fonr miles distant. 
 
 Beached by Florida Bailway from 
 Fernandina, in \\ hours. 
 
 The market place in the 
 is a source of amusement 
 
 ! Jacksonville (////wo'i.).— Seat of 
 .Morgan County ; population (Hso), 
 10,027. 
 
 Ilntclx: Dmdap, Park, Southern, 
 Metropolitan. 
 
 Jacksonville is a very pretty town, 
 with wide and shaded streets jiud 
 well-built houses, surrouniled with 
 flower-gardens and shrul»s. It is 
 sitiuited in a fertile undulating 
 plain, carries on a thriving trade, 
 and is a greut railway centre. Th(5 
 State Ltmatic Asylum, the Deaf anil 
 Dumb ami lUinii Asylums, Illinois 
 College, Whii)ple Academy, Keiualo 
 Academy and Female College, 
 Athenaeum and Conservai. )ry of 
 Music, Commercial College and 
 Knglish Training School are all 
 hand8om<' buildings. Strauss Opera 
 House, (.'ou<(M-V!itoire ami Odeon, 
 are the chief places of amusement. 
 Several libraries testify to tho edu- 
 cational zeal of its inhabitants. 
 
 Beached by Chicago ami Alton 
 Bailway, from Chicago, v'd iJloum- 
 ington, in 12i hours. 
 
 Jamestown (2V«?w York) . — Q\\n\\- 
 tau(|ua Count3'; population (18><()), 
 8,511. 
 
 Hatch: Jamestown, Sr.erman. 
 
 A very ]K)pular an<l charming 
 summer resort on Chantaui|Ui Lake 
 or outlet proper. It hns very im- 
 portant furniture and alpaca works, 
 and its population is well-to-do. 
 Two large halls, the Opera House 
 and the Institute, both caj)able of 
 seating about l,5()() pooj)le, supply 
 the intellectual wants of summer 
 visitors. The former cost over 
 2o(>,0(K) dols. The lake affords many 
 pictures! jue excursions. 
 
 Beached by Ntnv York, Pennsyl- 
 vania and Ohio Railway, from New 
 Y(n-k, via Binghamptoti and Sala- 
 manca, in 21 hours. 
 
 Janesville (inVcoH^i;.). — Scat of 
 Bock County; populaticm (1880). 
 9,911. 
 
 Hoteh: Myers, Grand, Davis 
 Edwards. 
 
 A manufacturing and mercantile 
 community of some importance, 
 regularly laid out and well-built ou 
 the Bock Biver. Several daily 
 papers are publishe<l here. Myer's 
 Opera House, with 800 seats, is a 
 
If 
 
 }iH 
 
 i ii 
 
 I i 
 
 H 
 
 *J! 
 
 108 
 
 BRADSHAW S UNITED STATES. 
 
 remarkable buildinpr. The State 
 Institution for the lilind is situated 
 here, and the town is generally 
 noted for its educational advantap^es. 
 Reached ])y Chicago, Milwaukee 
 and St. Paul Railway, from Mil- 
 waukee, in 3 hours. 
 
 Jefferson City (Jlfw«o?/ <•;).— Capital 
 of Missouri and chief town of Cole 
 County; popixlation (1880), 6,420. 
 
 Iloteh: Monroe, MacCart^', Madi- 
 son, Central, Tennessee. 
 
 IteufdKi'anfs : Delmonico's, Rail- 
 way Dining Hall. 
 
 Conveyiuic's : Tramways. 
 
 Places of Amusement: Bragg'sand 
 Madison Halls. 
 
 A well-built town, with consider- 
 able manufacturing interests and 
 an extensive trade. The chief in- 
 dustry is ]K)rk packing, shipping 
 coal, and other produce, etc., of the 
 surrounding country. Its situation 
 on higli 1)lufs, overlooking the 
 Missouri River for many miles, is 
 very beautiful. The State House, 
 County Court, State Penitentiary, 
 and £everal churches are worth 
 visiting. The State Library has 
 over 12,(XX> volumes. Twenty miles 
 distant are the Sand Rock Springs, 
 with a good hotel, and a watering 
 place much visited in summer. 
 
 Reached by Missouri Pacific Rail- 
 way, from St. Lotiis, via Pacific 
 Junction, in 5 hours. 
 
 Jeflfersonville {India no) .—Clarke 
 County; population (1880), 10,422. 
 
 Hotels : Fall's City House, Sher- 
 man, National, Falls View Houso. 
 
 This suburb of Louisville is a 
 well built town with a prosperous 
 trade, exten> 've ship building 
 yra'ds, and some manufactures. Its 
 situation on the Ohio, and as a 
 converging point of several impor- 
 tant railwaj'S, ensure it a great 
 futiire. The Mozart Hall is the 
 Theatre. 
 
 Reached by Ohio & Missisippi 
 Railway, from Cincinnati, vici North 
 Vernon, in 4 hours. 
 
 Jersey City (New Jersey).— So it of 
 Hudson County; population (1880), 
 153,513. 
 llotds: Taylor's. 
 
 Convet/ances: Tramways (fare, 
 5 cts.), Omnibuses and Carriages. 
 
 Places of Amusement : Academy of 
 Music, Opera. 
 
 Situated on the Hudson River, 
 This manufacturing town is prac- 
 tically a suburb of New York, but 
 has, with the exception of the great 
 railway stations, and the docks of 
 some of the largest 1'ninsatlantic 
 Steamship Companies, nothing of 
 interest for the traveller. Its com- 
 mercial and industrial activity is 
 very great. 
 
 Reached by Ferry from Desbrosscs 
 and Cordtland Streets, New York 
 City, in 15 minutes. 
 
 Johnstown {Tennsyh-a»ia) .—Cnxti' 
 bria County; population (1880), 
 8,380. 
 
 Hotels : Hubbert, Merchants' Man- 
 sion, Cambria Club House. 
 
 Amnsements : Opera House, Union 
 Hall. 
 
 A thriving manufacturing town 
 on the Conemaugh River. The 
 Cambria ironworks are amongst the- 
 most extensive in America. It is 
 situated in the centre of a fertile 
 farming region. 
 
 Reached by Pennsylvania Rail- 
 way, from New York, vid Harris- 
 burg, in 15^ hours. 
 
 Joliet (7///ho/»). — Seat of Will 
 Countj' ; population (1880), 10,145. 
 
 Hotels : Auburn, St. Nicholas, 
 Robertson, National. 
 
 Amusements ; Opera Hoiise, 
 Robertson Hall, Werner Hall. 
 Conceyunces: Tramwaj'S, 
 
 This prosiierous town is advan- 
 tageously situated on both banks of 
 the des Plaines River and the Illinois 
 and Michigan Canal. It is the 
 lirincipal market and shipping point 
 of the productive country around. 
 It has extensive stone quarries, flour 
 mills, a manufactory of agricultural 
 implements, etc., etc. Both canal 
 and river furnish good water power. 
 It is well built and lighted by gas. 
 The State Penitentiary is one of the 
 Ijest of its kind in the States. An- 
 other fine building is the City Hall. 
 The town has a futni*e before it. 
 
 Reached by Michigan Central 
 Railway, from Chicago, in one hour. 
 
JKl'FKRSON CITY — KANSAS CITY 
 
 109 
 
 f town 
 
 The 
 
 f?8t the- 
 
 It is 
 
 fertile 
 
 advan- 
 inks of 
 Illinois 
 
 is the 
 
 point 
 
 I round. 
 
 |s, flour 
 
 ilturnT 
 canal 
 bower. 
 
 (y ff»8. 
 lof the 
 An- 
 Hull, 
 jit. 
 
 fentral 
 ! hour. 
 
 Joplin (3/"i»«oHri).— Jasper County; 
 population (1B80), 7,03H. 
 
 Hotels: Commercial, Joplin, 
 Pacific, St. James, Jasper, AlUnj^- 
 ton. 
 
 Places of Amusement : Joplin 
 Opera House. 
 
 A inanufacturinn: town with a 
 considerable minuis^ industiy , which 
 may interest some travellers. Tlie 
 town, though well built, has nothing 
 especially attractive to visitors. 
 It has several railway cotmections. 
 The surrounding country is very 
 fertile and highly cultivated. 
 
 Reached l)y the Missouri Pacific 
 Railway, from St. Louis, via Jeffer- 
 son City and Nevada, in 5 hours. 
 
 Junction City {Kansas).— Sent of 
 Davis County; populatitm (1880), 
 3,555. 
 Hotels: Pacific, Bartell, Pershall. 
 
 This town is situated at the junc- 
 tion of the Srooky Hill and Repub- 
 lican Rivers, and does an extensive 
 trade with the surrounding agricul- 
 tuiMl country, which is extremely 
 fertile. For this it is the shipping 
 port. It is, no doubt, destined to 
 become a town of considerable 
 importance later on. f]xcellent 
 building stone is (luarried near the 
 town. The Welsh colony, called 
 "Powys" is 20 miles to the north- 
 east, and the English colony, called 
 "Wakefield" is Hi miles distant. 
 Both are in a very prcjsperous con- 
 dition an<l worth a visit. Some 
 buildings in the town are of inte- 
 rest. The Centennial Hall can seat 
 •4(X), and the City Hall J,(KK) persons. 
 
 Reached by Atchison, Topekii, 
 and Santa Fe Railway, from Kans is 
 City, via Topckti and Aluui, in 3 
 hours. 
 
 Kalamazoo {M!c?i!</an).—^cn.t of 
 Kalamazoo C.)unty ; population 
 (1880), 13,912. 
 
 Hutch: American, Burdick House, 
 I'-'am izoo House. 
 
 A^niixcmentx: Open House, New 
 Academy of Music, Union Hall. 
 
 The largest town in the State, 
 with exception of Detroit. It is 
 situated on the Kalamazoo River, 
 and is an import mt railway centre. 
 Its streets are broad, well shaded, 
 
 regularly laid out, and lined with 
 manj" tine business houses and 
 private residences. It has large 
 manufacturing interests, and also 
 cjirries on an important trade with 
 the surrounding agricultural dis- 
 tricts. The New Ac-ademy of Music 
 is one of the finest in the State. The 
 Opera House is also a tine building. 
 Kalamazoo College and the Michigan 
 Female College occui)y handsome 
 buildings, and are largely atteude<l. 
 The State Limatie Asylum is an 
 imi)osing structure. 
 
 Reached by Michigan Central 
 Railway, from Chicago, via, New 
 Buffalo' and Niles, in 6 hours. 
 
 Kankakee (///iHr^/.v).— Seat of Kan- 
 kakee County; population (1880), 
 5,051. 
 
 Hotels : City, Kankakee, Com- 
 mercial. 
 
 An important manufacturing 
 town on the river of the same name, 
 with large iron-works. 'I'wenty-five 
 years ago on its ])ret;ent site there 
 was nothing but forest. There are 
 some (lUJirries in the neiglibourhood. 
 The Eastern Illinois Insane Asylum 
 is situated here, and occupies a 
 handsome building. 
 
 Reached by the Illinois Central 
 Railway, from Chicago, in 1^ hours. 
 
 Kansas City (3/'/.v.w»rj).— Jackson 
 County; population (1880), 55,785. 
 
 Hoti'h : Metro])olitan, St. James, 
 Coates, Pacific, Centropolis. 
 
 Vldces of Amnsement : The Opera 
 House, Long's Hall, the Merchants' 
 Exchan<re, and another large Hall 
 Uvi' meetings. 
 
 Conrn/ancfs : Steam and cable 
 tramway (fare 5 cents.), carriages 
 at 1 dollar ])cr course. 
 
 Post anil Tc'l<\t/ra]ih Office: In 
 Missouri-street. 
 
 Pankers: Armour Brothers. 
 
 Medical : Dr. Hereford and Dr. 
 Snell. 
 
 The second city in Missouri in size 
 and commercial importance. A 
 groat railway centre, containing, 
 with its suburbs, close upon 100,000 
 inhabitants. It is very advantage- 
 ously situated on the south bank of 
 the Missouri River, at the mouth of 
 the Kansas River, and near the 
 
 h 
 
 I , 
 
110 
 
 IJRADSIIAW'S UNITED STATE?. 
 
 4- 
 
 It, 
 
 J I 
 
 ti 
 
 1: ! 
 
 I: ? 
 
 
 ■lii 
 
 i:^; 
 
 \i 
 
 frontier of Kansas State. During 
 the war it suffered an almost com- 
 plete loss of trade, an<l the popula- 
 tion diminished in proportion. The 
 surroundini? country is very fertile 
 ami r.ipidly improvin<?. It is a 
 grout centre for the cattle trade, and 
 a considerable amount of ca])ital is 
 invested in paclcing hoof and pork. 
 The grain trade is equally im- 
 portant. The bridge, the first built 
 over the Miss^ ^ri, is the chief object 
 of interest. The Grand Opera 
 House, Coates and Gilli's Opera 
 Houses are also tine buildings. The 
 streets are somewhat irreguhir, but 
 the town is well built, and has many 
 Imuflsome business and i^rivate 
 residences. The Union Railway 
 station is very fine. Manj' of the 
 school buildings are handsome. 
 The school system is excellent. 
 Wyandotte and Westport are the 
 towns l.ying on the opposite, or 
 Ivans IS bank of the Missouri. 
 
 Reiched l)y Chicago and Alton 
 R lilway, from Chicago, via Bloom- 
 ington' and Roodhouse, in 21^ 
 hours. 
 
 Keokuk {lon-a). — Seat of Leo 
 County; poimlation (1880), 13,151. 
 
 Jlofeh: La Cledo, Tatterson, 
 Commercial, Clyde, Barrett, St. 
 Lo;iis. 
 
 Places of Amusement : Opera 
 Hou^*c, Gibbon's Opera House, 
 Baker's Hall. 
 
 Fast Office : Main-sti'cet. 
 
 Keokuk is a regularlj^-built town, 
 on the East Bank of the Mississipjn 
 River, partly on level gnmnd inid 
 partly on some ])luffs 150 feet high. 
 It has l)ro:id streets, and many 
 handsome houses. The railway 
 linos converge hero, and its trade, 
 in addition to the shipping on the 
 river, is conserpiently extonsive. Its 
 business growth has progressed 
 rajiidly. 
 
 Reached by Chicago, Burlington 
 nn I Quincy Raihvay, from Chicago, 
 riu Burlington and Des Moines, in 
 2H hours. 
 
 Key-"West {Floriilu). — County Mun- 
 roe. Seat of Government of the 
 Florida Keys or Islands, and u})()n 
 nn Island of same name ; population 
 (1880), 0,890. 
 
 Hotels : Russell. 
 
 After Jacksonville, the largest 
 town in Florida. It occupies the 
 important positi(m of Key to the 
 Gulf Passage. Its water supply is 
 very bid ; but its climiite is healthy 
 ami the air pure. It is mucii 
 resorted to in winter by invalids, as 
 the temperature is very equai)le. 
 The thermometer rarely falls l)elow 
 50^ F. and seldom rises to IX)^ F. 
 The mean winter temperature is 
 GO'' F., the mean in spring 75° F. 
 The inhabitants are mixed, Ameri- 
 cans of Spanish extraction, from 
 Cuba, forming the chief portion. 
 The language is i)ure Spanish or 
 patois. The houses are mostly 
 surrounded by some gardens, witii 
 shaded trees, tropical and sul)- 
 troi)ical i)lauts and shrubs. The 
 streets are broad and straight. It 
 has a very fine harbour, and is 
 stronglj- fortified. As regards Ijuild- 
 iugs, there is nothing remarkable, as 
 almost all are of wood. The man- 
 ners and customs of the people, and 
 the quaint and old look of the houses 
 are very striking. The chief occu- 
 patif)n of the inhabitants, besides a 
 limited production of fruits, is tlie 
 catching of turtles, sponges, mullet, 
 and other fish for the West Indian 
 Market. To this ought to be added 
 tiie salvage of wrecks, by which 
 alone the Island benefits to the 
 extent of over20(>,or>;) dols. annuallj'. 
 The tobacco industry is also pros- 
 perous. The boating and fishing is 
 very superior, and there are some 
 chaining drives on the island. 
 
 Reached by New York and New 
 Orleans s.s, steamer, from 3Hths 
 Pier, North River, New York, in 3 
 days. 
 
 Knoxville (I'ennessce) .— Seat of 
 Knox County; population (1880), 
 13,028. 
 
 Hot eh : Atkin, Schubert's, Lnmnr 
 Hiittit^ 
 
 Flaces of Amnscment : An Opera 
 House, which can seat 1,200 ; Hoxie's 
 Hall. 
 
 At the head of the Steamboat 
 Navigation on the Holston River. It 
 is till.' seat of East Tennessee Uni- 
 vorsity, the Knoxville University, 
 the Doaf and Duml) Asylum, and 
 several schools, all of which occui)y 
 handsome buildings. The State 
 
K EOK U K — L ANC.\-ST EK. 
 
 Ill 
 
 4» 
 
 Ajirriciiltural Collef^c is coiniocte;l 
 with the University. The Opera 
 House is a fine building. 
 
 Reached by East Tonnesseo, 
 Virginia and (loorgia Raihvaj', from 
 Bristol, viii Morristown, in G hours. 
 
 Xia Crosse (WhcouKi n) .Scat of Li 
 Crosse County; population (1880), 
 14,505. 
 
 Hotels : International, Cameron, 
 Bobbins. 
 
 Places of Ammemen t : Opera House, 
 which seats 500. rermania.Salborg's 
 and Singer's Halls. 
 
 A handsome township, on the east 
 bank of the Mississii)pi, at the 
 entrance of the Black and La C'rf).sse 
 Rivers. It is situated on level 
 ground, and ht'S manv fine buildings. 
 The Court House, i'ost Othco, 17 
 Churches, a fine Ojicra House, tlie 
 High Schools, the Library, several 
 saw mills, factories for leather 
 goods, etc., are all worthy of in- 
 spection. Its trade in timber is 
 considerable, and its flour mills arc 
 cpiite numerous. 
 
 Reached by Chicago, Milwaukee 
 and St. Paul Railway, from Chicag-), 
 via Milwaukee and Portage City, in 
 II hours, 
 
 Lafayette (i">i</w))r/).— Seat of Tip- 
 pecanoe Coimty ; population (1880), 
 14,860. 
 
 Hotels : Bi'amble, Gcrmania, Lohr, 
 Star City, St. Nicholas. 
 
 An industrial and railway centre, 
 and one of the principal towns in 
 Indiana. It is situated on the 
 Wabash River, and the Waliash and 
 Erie Canals, and is regularly built 
 on rising ground ])acked by hills, 
 whence a tine view of the town, 
 valley, and river is obtained. The 
 streets are paveil, lighted by gas, 
 and straight. The Ojjcra House, the 
 Purdue University, with its colleges 
 of agriculture and arts (grounds of 
 which are IHl acres in extent), the 
 County Jail, Forts, Schoolhouse, St. 
 Mary's Academy, Young Men's 
 Christian Association (with free 
 reading room and lil)rary), are all 
 fine buildings. The ai-tesian well in 
 the centre of the town cf)utains 
 sulphurous waters. Sjiring Vale 
 and Grcenbush Cemetery, and the 
 
 Agricultural Fair Grounds nr.^ 
 favourite promenades. The battle- 
 field of Tip])ecanoe is sjven niiUs 
 north of the town. 
 
 Reached by Chicago, Indianapolis, 
 Cincinnati, and Louisville Railway, 
 from Chicago, vd St. Anne, in i 
 hours. 
 
 Lake City (F/onV^O.— Seat of 
 Columbus County ; population (l-'-SO), 
 2,C70. 
 
 Hotels: Central, Thrasher House. 
 
 A winter station ; a dryer climite 
 than Jackscmville. It has not tlm 
 social advantages of the latter, but 
 the country round is ])rettier. Thci-e 
 are three lakes within the t )\vu 
 boundaries, and another only \ nnle 
 distant. The balsamic odo'irs (>f 
 the surnnniding forest are said t;> 
 impart to the air certain bencticial 
 (pialities. A sojourn here is often 
 I'ocommended to consumi)tive i)ati- 
 ents in the more advanced stages. 
 
 Reached by Florida Hallway, from 
 Jacksonville, via Baldwin, ' in l:^ 
 houre. 
 
 Lambertville {yeir Jersey) .-~l:{\n\. 
 terdon County ; population (l5-8(», 
 4,067. 
 
 Hotels : Boanont, Lambertville, 
 Union. 
 
 Situated on the Delaware River,, 
 and opposite New Hope, Pennsyl- 
 vania. It is a village with large 
 manufacturinir intore ^ts. It ]iosse!-ses 
 plenty of water power, derived rr'>m 
 a feeder of the Delaware and Raritan 
 Canal. The surrcamding scenery is 
 very pleasing. Beycmd some largo 
 factory l)uildings, there is very little 
 of interest. The Holcoiubo aul 
 Lyceum are halls for moetillL^^, etc. 
 
 Reached by Pennsylvania Raiivray 
 from Philadelphia in 2 hours. 
 
 Lancaster {Peii)iKi/haiiia).— ?^Qnt of 
 Lancaster County ; population (IHSO), 
 25,769. 
 
 Hotels: Grape, Hiester, Stevens, 
 Cooper, Casiicr. 
 
 yUnuxements : The Fulton Hall, with 
 scats for l,2iK). 
 
 This large manufacturing town, at 
 onetime the i>rincipiil in Pennsyl- 
 vania and its capital from 171)9 to 1812, 
 
 
112 
 
 BRADSHAW S UNITED STATES. 
 
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 is pleasantly situated near the Con- 
 Cbtoga Creek. It is somewhat irregu- 
 larly l)uilt, l)ut contains many fine 
 private and commercial buildings. 
 The surrounding country is the most 
 fertile porticm of Pennsylvania. Its 
 principal manufactures are railway 
 material. The Court House, Frank- 
 lin and Marsh:Ul Colleges, County 
 I'rison and Fulton Hall are the most 
 important buildinurs. 
 
 Reached by Pennsylvania Rail- 
 way', from Philadelphi;», in 2^ 
 hours. 
 
 Laredo {Texan).— Wehh County; 
 population (1880), 3,521. 
 
 Hotels : St. Charles, Laredo, Wil- 
 son, Rockport. 
 
 A rapidlj' increasing town, on the 
 Rio Grande and Mexican frontier, in 
 the centre of a great ranching and 
 cattle breeding country. It does a 
 largo trade in wool. Owing to the 
 in luguration of several railways, it 
 has acrpiircd some import'uice.* 
 
 Reached by Missouri Pacific Rail- 
 way, from Galveston, in 22 hours. 
 
 Lawrence (£"««»«»).— Seat of Doug- 
 las County: population (18S0), 
 10,625. 
 
 Hotels: Eldridge, Durffee, Luding^ 
 ton, Lawrence, Commercial, Pennsyl- 
 vania, Laclede. 
 
 Places of Am linemen t : Bowei'sock's 
 Opera House, Liberty and Fraser's 
 Halls. 
 
 A very fine town, in a beautiful 
 position on the Kansas River, with 
 a thriving trade, large flour mills 
 and various manufactories. Its posi- 
 tion is very advantageous. The large 
 dam across the river furnishes its 
 numerous industrial establishments 
 with ample water power. It is the 
 seat of the State University, has 
 Avide and shady streets, lined with 
 fine buildings. The river is spanned 
 by two bridges. 
 
 ' Reached by Atchison Topeka and 
 Santa Fe Railway, from Kansas 
 City in one hour. 
 
 Lawrence {Massachusetts) .—Scat of 
 . Essex County; population (1880), 
 38,843. 
 
 Hotels : Central, Brmiswick, 
 Franklin, Essex. 
 
 Places of Amusement: Opera 
 House, with 1,700 seats; City and 
 Saunders Hall. 
 
 One of the largest manufacturing 
 "towns in the State, situated on the 
 Merrimac River, whence it derives 
 its excellent water power, which 
 has proved the source of its indus- 
 trial prosperity. The dam was 
 thrown across the river in 1845, fur- 
 nishing a fall of 2S feet for about a 
 mile in length. Woollen and cotton 
 goods, shawis, pa])er, flour and hard- 
 ware are the principal manufac- 
 tures. St. Mary's Roman Catholic 
 Church is the most imposing of the 
 churches, the Municipal and County 
 Courts being also noteworthy. The 
 Common in the town, and Pros])ect 
 Hill a little outside, afford favourite 
 walks and drives. 
 
 Reached ))y Boston and Lowell 
 Railway from Boston in | hour. 
 
 Leadville {Colorado). — Seat of Lake 
 County; population (1880), 14,820. 
 
 Hotels : Windsor, Clarendon. 
 
 This mushroom mining town is 
 situated in the heart of the rich dis- 
 trict of El Dorado, famous for its 
 output of silver ore. It is the most 
 celebrated mining tow n in the AVest. 
 Virginia Citj'^ in its early days being 
 perhaps in this resi)ect its only com- 
 petitor. In 1877 it was a mere ham- 
 let ; it has now three daily papers, 
 three Ijanks, two theatres and several 
 other important institutions, testify- 
 ing to its wonderfully rapid pro- 
 gress. The mines, smelting works, 
 etc., canno* fail to interest the tourist 
 and will an ply repay a visit. 
 
 Reached by Union Pacific Rail- 
 way, fron' Kansas City, via Denver, 
 in 28 hours. 
 
 Lincoln {Nebraska). — Capital of the 
 State and seat of Lancaster Covmty ; 
 population (1880), 13,003. 
 
 Hotels : Gorham, Commercial. 
 
 Places of Amtisemeut : Opera 
 House to seat 1,6(X) ; the Academy of 
 Music, and the City Halls. 
 
 Conveyances : Tramways. 
 
 A modern town, with a remark- 
 ably unfinished appearance about it, 
 owing to the large spaces reserved 
 for public buildings and institutions. 
 Everything has been done in grand 
 
 V 
 
 ^ 
 
LAREDO LOCK HAVKX. 
 
 113 
 
 irk- 
 tit, 
 ved 
 ns. 
 and 
 
 l\ 
 
 V 
 
 V 
 
 stj-le ; tho streets arc 120 feet wide. 
 Ten rescrvHtion {^rounds nre set 
 aside for various creeds to build 
 their places of wcjrship upon. When 
 eventually finished tho town vi'ill 
 cover an immense area. It has a 
 prosperous future before it, as 
 already ei,<,'ht railway lines converge 
 towards it, while the surroundinsr 
 countrj- is very fertile. Tho Capitol 
 is a \evy fino building in early 
 Renaissance architecture, and 
 stands on an eminence overlook- 
 ing the town. Tlie University is 
 also a handsome and extcnsivo 
 structure. It is endowned with 
 146,000 acres of land. There is a 
 Lunatic Asylum, and several other 
 important buildings. 
 
 Reached by the Burlington and 
 Missouri River in Nebraska Rail- 
 way, from Omaha, in 3 hours. 
 
 Xiittle Rock {Arkansas). — Capital of 
 the State, and Seat of Pulaski 
 Cou.nty ; population (1880), 13,185. 
 
 Hotels : Capitol, Doming, Grand 
 Central, Gleason's, Atlantic, Adams. 
 
 Places of Amusement .- Grand Opera 
 House, Alexander and Concordia 
 Halls. 
 
 Conveyances : Tramways, fare 5c.; 
 carriages, 1 dol. per course. 
 
 This, the pruicipal town in every 
 respect of Arkansas, is situated on 
 the first eminence met in ascending 
 the Arkansas River, whence it 
 derives its name. Its elevation 
 above the river is about 40 feet. On 
 the other side, about two miles 
 above the town, is the Big Rock, 
 a range of clitTs from 400 to 500 feet 
 high. Little Rock is regularly laid 
 out with wide streets. The houses 
 are Iniilt chiefly of l)rick, and in the 
 residential streets are surroimded 
 by gardens. There is a United 
 States Arsenal here, a Land Office, 
 an Asj-lum for the Deaf, Dumb and 
 Blind, and a State Penitentiary. 
 The State Library contains over 
 13,000 volumes, and there is also a 
 Mercantile Library with about 2,000 
 volumes. Little Rock is a converg- 
 ing point for various imi)ortant 
 railway lines, and the centre of an 
 extensive trade in cotton and cotton 
 seed for the surrounding district. It 
 has also some manufactures. The 
 Arkansas River is navigable for 
 
 steamers up to the town at all 
 seasons of tho year. 
 
 The principal ])uildings are the 
 New Custom House, the Lunatic 
 Asj'lum, the State House, tho 
 Northern Medical College, and tho 
 St. John's Military College. Several 
 of the churches and school l)uildings 
 arc also noteworthy. In the vicinity 
 arc several summer health resorts 
 and mineral springs. 
 
 Reached l)y Memi)his and Little 
 Rock Railway, from Memphis, in 
 7i- ho s. 
 
 Livingston {Montana) .~G\\]h\im 
 County ; population (IBSO), 2,(J<H). 
 
 Hot (Is : Livingston, Merchants, 
 Brunswick, Metropolitan. 
 
 Situated at tho foot of tho Bolt 
 Mountains, a short distance from tho 
 Yellowstone River. It is about mid- 
 way butwoon tho Gi'oat Lakes and 
 tho Pacific Coast. Hero tho Northern 
 Pacific Railway crosses for tho last 
 time the Yellowstone River. It has 
 ac(iuired a certain importance fnmi 
 tho large n):icliine shops o-f tho 
 Northern Pacific Railway being 
 situated here. A Immchline di- 
 verges from hero to Cinnabar, tho 
 starting ])laoe for the Yellowstone 
 National I'ark, tho "Wonderland," 
 as it has boon cailoil, of tho United 
 States. From Cinnabar diligences 
 C(mvey tourists, a distance of six 
 miles, to Mammoth Hot Sjirings. 
 Livingston is raj^idly increasing in 
 populati(m, and is destined to be- 
 come an important mining town, 
 whenever the large deposits of iron, 
 lime, sandstone, silver ore and ))itn- 
 minuous coal, in close proximity 
 to the town, are opened up. Its 
 principal industry is now the lumber 
 trade and lime and brick manu- 
 factures. 
 
 Reached by Northern Pacific, from 
 St. Paul, in 31 hours. 
 
 Lock Haven (Pe«w»y/tv/«m).— Seat 
 of Clinton Coimty ; population (1880), 
 5,»i5. 
 
 Hotels : Fallon House, Montour, 
 Irvin. 
 
 Amusements .- Opera House and 
 Great Island Hall. 
 
 This is an extensive lumber centre, 
 and also a summer resort, on account 
 
 i 
 
J 
 
 1. 
 
 I, 
 
 
 I 
 
 1: 
 
 I ''I 
 
 V' 
 
 •ii 
 
 ■Id 
 
 ,1 
 
 ii ; 
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 of the 
 town 
 
 IS 
 
 snrroundinj,' 
 slt'.mted on 
 
 114 
 
 of the boauty 
 
 scenery. The „„ „ 
 
 the Su.s(juehimna River and West 
 Branch Canal. The hiit,'e saw mills 
 employ a lavj^c nu!nl)er of hands. 
 The Uald Kaf,dc Valley is very 
 pioturesfjiie. 
 
 Reached by Pennsylvania "Railway, 
 from Philadelphia, via Ifarrisbur^' 
 and Williamsport, in 5^ hours. 
 
 i'.HADSHAW S UXITKD STATES. 
 
 American, Judson, Mac 
 
 Lockport (i^'rw Yoi'l').— Sent of 
 Niagara County : population (1880), 
 13,522. 
 
 Hotels 
 Lean's. 
 
 AmHHetn'piifs : Opera House and 
 Arcade Hall. 
 
 Situated on the Erie Canal, at the 
 spot where l)y 10 huf^e locks the 
 water desconcis to the level of the 
 Genesee. The town has extensive 
 flour mills and limestone (juarrics. 
 The former arc driven by water 
 power obtained from the locks. 
 Lockport is a prosperous and 
 pleas;tnt little place. Fruit j^rowin.t,' 
 and boat building are carried on 
 here successfully. Nineteen miles 
 bej'ond is the Suspension Bridj?e over 
 ■■ the Niujui'ara River, a celebrated 
 cnprineerinc: work. 
 
 Reached by New York Central and 
 Hudson River Railwaj^ from New 
 York, in 12 hours. 
 
 Loganpport {r7if/i ana). Scat of 
 Cass County ; population (]880">, 
 11,19S. 
 
 Hotels : Windsor, Murdock, City, 
 Barnett, Gehring. 
 
 Places of Amusement : Opera House, 
 with 1,500 seiits. 
 
 This important railway centre is 
 sitiiated on the Wabash River, at the 
 mouth of the Eel River, and is 
 largely interested in the poplar and 
 black walnut timber trade. It also 
 j)ossesses some manufactures, while 
 the car works of the Cincinn.ati, 
 Pitts' nrg, and St. Louis Railways 
 em])!^ i 600 hands. Several of the 
 chu'-' hes and other buildings are 
 cony;?i . "ted of hewn stone, as is also 
 the Coi lit House, an imposing edifice. 
 The bridge of the Wabash Line 
 ncros-"> tl^e river is worth noticins". 
 The surrounding country is very 
 
 fertile and under high cultivation, 
 but is uninteresting as regards its 
 scenery. 
 
 Reached by Chicago and Pittsburg 
 Railway, from Chicago, in 2 hours. 
 
 liOng Branch (iVew J'fr<«^j/). —■Mon- 
 mouth County ; i)opulation (1880), 
 3,H3:J. 
 
 Hotels : Rlberon, Ocean House, 
 West End, Brighton, Mansion, How- 
 land, Clarendon, Central, United 
 States, Atlantic, Jauch, and several 
 others. 
 
 Places of Amusement : Opera House, 
 all tlie leading hotels have concerts 
 in the season ; bowling alleys, 
 shooting galleries, archery, etc., also 
 at the principal Hotels. 
 
 Pace Course : The Monmouth Park, 
 about 4 miles north of Long Branch. 
 
 One of the most fashionable 
 summer resorts, and perha]»s *' the " 
 fashionable sea bathing place 
 of the United States. It is situated 
 on a bluff, overlooking the Atlantic, 
 and has an extensive and safe beach, 
 which affords peculiar facilities f( r 
 bathing. High water is the best; 
 time for bathing. Flags are hoisted 
 on the bathing-houses to indicate tho 
 rising of the tide. The old village 
 of Longbranch is situated about one 
 nrile inland, but the cottages and 
 principal hotels are close to the 
 l)each. The bathing hour is a time 
 of great activity on the beach. Boats 
 are stationed outside the surf line 
 to prevent bathers from getting into 
 deep water. The carriage drive run s 
 alongside the beach, and is lined by 
 the i)rincij)al hotels, and by hand- 
 some villas. Immediately below 
 these is the beach, where gentlemen 
 may bathe before a.m. without 
 costume. The Iron Pier is a cool re- 
 treat on hot summer's evenings, and 
 is also remarkable as an engineering 
 work. The drives in the environs 
 of Long Branch are very attractive ; 
 Atlanticville, Seabright, Highlands, 
 Old Long Branch, Oceanport, and 
 Red Bank are in the immediate 
 neighbourhood. Deal, Oceangrove, 
 and Ashbury Park (Great Methodist 
 Camp Meetings) are interesting. A 
 favourite pic-nic resort is Shark 
 River. Pleasure Bay (famous for 
 its oysters), Highlands of Navesink, 
 Shrewsbury River, and Red Bank 
 
 I ^« 
 
LOCKPORT — LOUISVILLE. 
 
 115 
 
 cultivntion, 
 i re;^;ir(l8 its 
 
 ndPittsbur.f,' 
 in 2 liours. 
 
 rgpv) . — Mon- 
 ition (1880), 
 
 ean House, 
 
 msion, Ho\v- 
 
 tral. United 
 
 and several 
 
 3perft House, 
 ave concerts 
 ling alleys, 
 !iy, etc., also 
 
 mouth Pai'lv, 
 lOnp: Branch. 
 
 fashionable 
 
 rha]>s "the" 
 
 iin<^ place 
 
 [t is situated 
 
 the Atlantic, 
 
 d safe beach, 
 
 facilities f{ r 
 
 is the besb 
 
 s are hoisted 
 
 ) indicate tho 
 
 c old villnfjo 
 
 d about one 
 
 ottages and 
 
 ose to the 
 
 ur is n time 
 
 )each. Boats 
 
 surf line 
 
 getting into 
 
 ?e drive runs 
 
 ia lined by 
 
 d by hand- 
 
 tely below 
 
 gentlemen 
 
 m. without 
 
 is a coolrc- 
 
 enings, and 
 
 engineering 
 
 le environs 
 
 attrnctive ; 
 
 Highlands, 
 
 mport, and 
 
 immediate 
 
 )ceangrove, 
 
 t Methodist 
 
 resting. A 
 
 is Shark 
 
 famous for 
 
 f Navesink, 
 
 lied Bank 
 
 are north of Long Branch, and 
 favourite excursions. 
 
 Reached by Central Railwiiy of 
 New Jer.sc3', fr.)ui New York (Court- 
 land-streot Ferry) to Jersey City, 
 in 3^ hours. 
 
 liOS Angeles (C«7//b>'M/«).— Seat 
 of Los Angeles County ; population 
 (1880), 11, 18.^ 
 
 HoteU : St. Elmo, Cosmopolitiui, 
 Charles, Weavers, Grand 
 Natick House, United 
 
 Pico, St 
 Central, 
 States. 
 
 Tliices of Amnssmevt : Opera 
 House ; the Hall of the Turnverein, 
 with 2,000 seats, is used for concerts, 
 lectures, etc. 
 
 Bankers: Farmers' and Mer- 
 chants' Bank. 
 
 Los Angeles is the largest town 
 in Southern California and a much- 
 freciuented winter resort. It is 
 situated on the west bank of the 
 Los Angeles Kiver, and stretches up 
 tho slopes of the Sierra Santa 
 Monica. It is connected with 
 "Wilmington, its jiort, on the Pacific 
 by a railway. It was founded by 
 Si)aniards in 17S(>, and named 
 "Pueblo do los Angeles" (Village 
 of the Angols) from the excellence 
 of its climate and the beauty of its 
 scenery. Tlie climate is not perhaps 
 quite so mild as that of San Diego, 
 farther south, but the town is better 
 sheltered from the highwinds which 
 blow all along the coast. Some 
 iiivalids prefer Los Angeles on this 
 account, though others, especially 
 those sutfering from throat aifec- 
 tions, dread its somewhat chiil.y 
 nights. The old town is built of adobe 
 (sun-dried bricks) and still shews 
 many Spanish characteristics. In 
 the newer portion large and hand- 
 some buildings are springing 
 up. Tho numerous tine residences 
 on the outskirts of the town are 
 evidence of the wealth and in- 
 creasing importance of this centre 
 of a great fruit growing district. 
 The town is surrounded by 
 orange groves, vineyards, and 
 well-kept gardens. All the f^ub- 
 tropical aiid very many tropical 
 plants flourish here in great 
 profusion. A very charming ex- 
 cursion may be m.a(le to the Sierra 
 Madre villa, returning by Rose's 
 
 Ranch and San Gabriel's ^li.ssion. 
 The latter has an old Cliurch dating 
 from 1761, which \\as foiuulod l)y 
 Mexican Friars. Excursions may 
 also l)e made to San Diego anil 
 Wilmington. 
 
 Reached by Southern Pacific 
 Railway, from San Francisco, iu 11 
 hours, via Mojave. 
 
 Louisville (A>«/«rA7y).— Capital of 
 JelYer.son County ; population (1S80), 
 123,01*). 
 
 Iloffh: Louisville, Gait House, 
 Staudiford, Fifth Avenue, Alex- 
 ander, Willartl, Rufer's, Balmer's 
 St. Cloud, New Southern. 
 
 Rpxtanraufg: At the Gait House 
 and Louisville Hotel. 
 
 Amuxemcnts: Opera Ih)use on 
 4th-street, Macauley's Theatre, 
 in Wahiut-street ' (the mi>st 
 fashionable) ; Masonic Temple, lih- 
 street; Liederkranz Hall, in .Market- 
 street ; Buckingham Theatre. 
 
 Reading llooms : In the principal 
 Hotels ; the Public Lil)rary, on 4th- 
 avenue, has 30,000 volumes and a 
 Natural History Museum. The 
 Louisville Library Society meets 
 on 5th-street. 
 
 Conveifunces : Tramways to all 
 parts, excellently managed (fare 5 
 cts.) ; Carriages, 50 cts. each person 
 from Railway Station or Steamboat 
 landing to Hotel; per hour, 2 dols. 
 for first, and 1 dol. for each succeed- 
 ing hour or fraction of an hour. 
 FexTies cross the Ohio River. 
 
 Poiit and Telerjrdjth Offices : Comer 
 of Green and Third streets, open 
 from 7 a.m. to 6 ji.m. Sundays 
 from 9 till 10 a.m. Lampost letter- 
 boxes are sc;ittered over the town. 
 
 This, the chief and most im- 
 portant town of the State, is advan- 
 tageously situated on the Ohio River 
 (east bank), ne.ir the mouth of Bear- 
 grass Creek and at the celebrated 
 Falls. It stands on a raised plateau 
 70 feet above the River. Here, just 
 above the town, the hills recede, and 
 do not approach the river again for 
 about 20 miles further down, thus cre- 
 ating an almost level plain of about 
 miles broad. The town extends 
 about 3 miles in length along tho 
 River bank. The falls, which 
 entirely disappear when the water 
 is high, can be seen from the town. 
 
116 
 
 IJHADSIIAVV S UNITED STATKS. 
 
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 f 
 
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 Ml 
 
 'it 
 
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 IS-. 
 
 A ciual has been cr.t nlmost tlic 
 whole way throiij^h hoVuI rock — to 
 jfet rid of this obstruction to navi- 
 f^iition when the River is low. The 
 canal is 2<i miles lony, and cost 
 nearly one million dollars. The 
 streets of Louisville are wide, and 
 in many cases planted with trees. 
 They cross each other at rif?ht 
 untrics, (ire well i):ivo(l, and lined 
 witV snhstiintial business JjuildinKS 
 and handsome dwellins^-houses. 
 The latter, as a rule, lie some dis- 
 tance back from tlic streets, and 
 have open si)acos for lawns and 
 shrubberies. The business portion 
 of the city is very closely built. 
 Here the principal 'streets are Mar- 
 ket, Jefferson, Main and Fourth. 
 
 The first settlement of Louisville 
 was made in 1778. It became a town 
 in 1780, and whs called Louisville in 
 commemoration of Louis XVI., 
 whose troops were aiding? the 
 Americans against the English. Its 
 trade is very considerable. For leaf 
 tobacco it is one of the piincipal 
 markets of the world. Provisions, 
 cattle, pork packing, ham-curing 
 arc also special departments of its 
 trade. Its whisky distilleries aro 
 the most extensive in the United 
 States. Iron is largely manufac- 
 tured here; as also beer, leather, 
 agricultural implements, furniture, 
 etc. 
 
 The City Hall is undoubtedly the 
 finest building in the town. It is of 
 stone, surmounted by a scpiare clock- 
 tower. The Council Room should 
 also be visited. The Court House 
 has cost perhai)s more and is larger, 
 but has little of architectural beautv. 
 The Catholic Cathedral, Post Office 
 and Custom House, Masonic Temple, 
 Industrial Exhibition Buildings in 
 4th-street, the Board of Trade 
 Buildings and Courricr Journal 
 Buildings on Green-street arc im- 
 I)ortant, but have no particular 
 architectural beauty. Several of 
 the churches arc also of imposing 
 appearance. The University of 
 Louisville, the Pulilic Library, the 
 Hospital College of Medicine, and 
 Kentucky School of Medicine, the 
 two High Schools and the Coloured 
 Kormal School arc all flourishing 
 educational establishments. Among 
 the charitable institutions the most 
 important is the State School and 
 American Printing House for the 
 
 Blind. It is east of the town, on the 
 Lexington turnpike, and is a massive 
 and imposing structure. The interior 
 arrangements and the manufac- 
 ture of books, etc., for the blind ))y 
 the blind will be very interesting to 
 the tourist. The CAty Hospital, the 
 Boys' and Girls' Refuges, the Hos- 
 I)ital for skin diseases, the Orphan 
 Asylum and the Alms House are all 
 extensive buildings, and testify to 
 the charitable character of the in- 
 habitants. The great railway bridge, 
 spanning the Ohio, with 25 arches on 
 2i piers, and 5,219 feet long, should 
 be visited. It cost over 2,0(M>,(XX)dols. 
 Among the walks and drives may 
 be mentioned Cave Hill Cemetery, 
 with some fine monuments ; Silver 
 ('reek ; Harrods Creek ; Waterworks 
 Grounds ; Lexington and Bard tovm. 
 turnpike roads. Riverside, Smj'ser's, 
 Jeffersonville and New Albany are 
 all very enjoyable excursions. 
 Reached l)y Louisville, New Albany 
 and Chicago Railway,from Chicago, 
 in 13 hours. 
 
 LO"well (MassacJi usetfs) . — Middle- 
 sex County; population (1880), 
 G4,05I. 
 
 Hotels: Washington, Merrimac, 
 Dresser, American. 
 
 The second town in Massachusetts 
 and one of the chief manufacturing 
 centres in the United States. It is 
 advantageously situated at the con- 
 fluence of the Concord with the 
 Merrimac River, near the Pawtucket 
 Falls. These descend from a height 
 of 33 foct, and'furnish the town with 
 over 10,(K)0 horse power. Lowell is 
 the principal centre of the cotton 
 si)inning,weaving and dyeing indus- 
 try in the States. It is well built 
 and regularly laid out. Belvidere, 
 or East End, "is the best portion. Be- 
 sides the vast mills, other buildings 
 of interest are the Court House and 
 City Hall, and severil of the churches. 
 Many of the public scpiares are taste- 
 fully ornamented. In one of them 
 on Merrimac-Btreet there is a monu- 
 ment to two young men of Lowell 
 who fell in Baltimore during the 
 Civil War. Close l)y is a statue of 
 "Victory," by Ranch, to the memory 
 of another citizen of Lowell, who fell 
 in the same contest. 
 
 Reached by Boston and Lowell 
 Railway, from Boston, in 1 hour. 
 
LOWKLL — MADISOX. 
 
 117 
 
 Luray (T7»v/i»i"(/).--So,it of Vaso 
 
 County: lu/pulatiou (l>s80),G23. 
 Hotels : Luray Inn. 
 
 This place is worth attention from 
 the tourist only on account of the 
 hnrfc su])tcrriincan caverns, situated 
 about one mile from the Raihvuy 
 Station. The stalactites anrl stala so- 
 mites are amonu'st the larf^cst in tlie 
 world. The vast chambers, some of 
 them 100 feet hi^h, are li<,'hted by 
 electric light. Geologists consider 
 that their formation is older than 
 the tertiary period. 
 
 Reached by Baltimore and Ohio 
 Railway, from Washintftou, ria 
 Shenandoah Junction and Charles- 
 ton, in 1^ hours. 
 
 Lynchburg ( Vlginhi). — Camp- 
 l>ell Countj' ; population (1880), 
 15,959. 
 
 lEoteh: Arlington, Xorvell, Lynch 
 House. 
 
 A railway centre, with a consider- 
 able tobacco and other industry. It 
 is situated on the South IJank of the 
 James River. In its vicinity are 
 large fields of iron ore and coal. 
 There is an opera house and a large 
 hall ; but little to interest tli3 
 tourist. 
 
 Reached by Virginia Midland Rail- 
 way, from Washington, in 3 
 hours. 
 
 Lynn {Massachusptt»). — Essex 
 County; population (1880), 38,274. 
 Hotels : Brunswick, Auburn, 
 
 ■ Kirtland, Sngamon, Crawford. 
 
 A busy manufacturing town on 
 Massachusetts Bay. It is chiefly 
 engaged in the boot and shoe 
 industry. It is also fretjuented as 
 a summer resort and for sea 
 bathing. The surrounding scenery- 
 is pretty. There are several hiind- 
 some churches and school buildings, 
 with numerous fine villas and sum- 
 mer residences belonging to Boston 
 merch'ints. Near the City Hall is a 
 fine soldiers' monument. The City 
 Hall is a noteworthy building. 
 High Rock, in the centre of the 
 town, commands an extensive view, 
 and is said to be the hiding place of 
 a large treasure, concealed there by 
 
 • pirates. A firm believer in this 
 story had a tunnel dug through the 
 centre of the solid rock, 135 feet 
 long and 7 feet high. Close by are 
 
 Swann)scott i !i 1 .Salem, botli 
 interesting excursions. 
 
 Reached by Kastern Railway 
 from Boston in \\ hour. 
 
 Macon (Crro/v/Zf/).— Seat of Bibl> 
 County ; i)opulation (l8S0), 12,718. 
 Ut.tch : Laiuer, Brown, National, 
 Kilgarton, Stubblefielil. 
 
 This, the ])rinciiial cotton market 
 for Southern and Western Georgia, 
 and Eastern Alabama, is 
 l)icturos(|uely situated on the 
 Ocmulgee River, which is s])anned 
 by a bridgo. Tlie town is largely 
 interested in manufactures, ])rinci- 
 ])ally iron foundries, machine 
 shops, carriage works, cotton 
 spinning, weaving, and flour 
 mills. It is nuicli ornamented 
 with trees and shrubberies. 
 The new Court House and the 
 Academy of >[usic are the hand- 
 somest "buildings in the town., 
 [Mercer University, the State 
 Academy for the Blind, the 
 Wesleya'n Female College, and Rio 
 Nono College are educational estab- 
 lishments which enjoy wide repute 
 and occupy handsome buildings. 
 Rose Hill Cemetery is one of the 
 most beautifully laid out burial 
 grounds in the States. Central 
 City Park is also a fine specimen of 
 a public recreation ground. Macon 
 is also an important railway centre. 
 Vineville, about a mile from the 
 town, is a charming walk. 
 
 Reached by the Central Railway 
 of Georgia, from Augusta, in 4- 
 hour.i. 
 
 Madison {I»(rui)nt).—Q\\\cf town of 
 Jefi'erson County ; population (1880), 
 8,945. 
 
 Hotels : Centennial, Centml, Conti- 
 nental, AVestern, Broadway, 
 William Tell. 
 
 A beautifully - situated (on the 
 Ohio) and well-V)uilt town, and one 
 of the most important in Indiana. 
 Brass and iron foundries, flour 
 mills, machine shops, and pork- 
 jiacking, are the chief industries. 
 Its trade in provisions is con- 
 siderable. There is little here to 
 interest the tourist. 
 
 Reached by Jetfersonville, Madi- 
 son, and Indianapolis Railway, 
 from Indianapolis, via Columbus, 
 in 2 J- hours. 
 
118 
 
 I5IIADSHAW S UMTKD STATK.S. 
 
 V 
 
 > 1 
 
 I: 
 
 I ■; 
 
 
 I*! 
 
 'I 
 
 it 'W .IK 
 
 ti: 
 
 f 
 1 
 
 1! ^ 
 
 ; 
 
 if 
 
 :«• 
 
 JMEadison (JrinconHhi). — Cajjitnl of 
 tho bt:it'! ii!mI Sent of Diino County ; 
 l)oi)iilati(i:i (IHSO), 12,<)03. 
 
 Hofch: Capitol, Park, Vilas 
 House. 
 
 Ani'igements : Opera House, with 
 1,01)0 Hoais ; City and Turner 
 Halls. 
 
 Con tfiyanceii : Carriages, 1 dol. per 
 hour. 
 
 This favourite summer resort — 
 at tho same time the capital and 
 iin important commercial centre 
 — is situated on a neck of land 
 hotwoen Mcnuma and !Men- 
 dota Lakes. It is rosfularly laid 
 out ; the State Capitol forms its 
 centre. The town is about 7i) feet 
 above the level of the lakes, and is 
 surrounded l)y a public park, 
 whence foiir main streets diverjj^e 
 towards the cardinal i)oints of the 
 com])as.s. It has many handsome 
 public and private buildinj^s. TVie 
 Court House, containing also the 
 I)ost-oflice and the prison, are fnie 
 structures. S^everal of the churches 
 are of largo size. The University 
 of Wisconsin, with its six elegant 
 8ub-'i'visions, stands about a mile 
 west of the town on College Hill. 
 The massive building of the State 
 Lunatic Asylum stands on the shore 
 of Lake Mendota, about four miles 
 outside the town. The villa resi- 
 dences in the outskirts are very fine. 
 In a Aving of the Capitol arc the 
 collections of the Wisconsin Histori- 
 cal Society, and a librarv containing 
 over (iO.O'.M) volumes. The City and 
 State libraries contain 9, (H)0 and 7,5(K) 
 volumes r'js]iectivelj'. J^mall steam- 
 ers ply on the lakes. The Monona 
 Assembly Grounds are situated on 
 the lake of the same name, and 
 are a ])leasant summer resort. 
 
 Reached by Chicago and North- 
 western Railway, from Chicago, via 
 Janesville, in 3 hours. 
 
 MagnoHa {Florida) .—Q\^y Connty ; 
 population (18S0), 1,143. 
 
 lfo^e/« .- The Magnolia. 
 
 A winter resort, much frequented 
 by consumptive patients. The 
 environs are covered with orange 
 groves and pine trees. Aligators 
 abound in the surrounding swamps. 
 
 It is situated on tho west l>ank of 
 the St. .John's River. Three miles 
 from here are Green Cove sulphur- 
 ous sjjrings. 
 
 Reached by Jacksonville, St. 
 Augustine and Halifax River Rail- 
 way, from Jacksonville, in \ 
 hour. 
 
 {New Ifainpuhire). — ■ 
 County ; i)oi)ulation 
 
 Manchester 
 
 Hillsboroutrh 
 (1880), 32,(i30. 
 
 Jlof/^h: City, Haselthio, National, 
 Manchester, Chandler, Granite. 
 
 Places of Amusement : The Man- 
 chester Oi)era House and Smyth's 
 Opera House, ouch with seats for 
 1,100. The Music Hall can seat 
 8(H). 
 
 The largest town in New Hamp- 
 shire and one ot the most ini))ortant 
 cotton (chiefly i)rints) manufactur- 
 ing centres in the Uuiied States. 
 On tlic canal, around the Amorkeag 
 Falls of the Merrimac, are immense 
 factories. There are several fine 
 churches, a library with 20,(HH) 
 volumes and some handsome 
 
 s(iuai'es. 
 
 There is here little to 
 
 interest the tourist, except tho 
 cott(m mills. 
 
 Reached by Concord Railway .from 
 Boston, in 2^ hours. 
 
 Mansfield (O/tJo).— Seat of Rich- 
 laud Countj'j population (1880), 
 9,859. 
 
 Hotels: St. James's, Wilor, 
 American, Clifton, European, 
 Tremont. 
 
 Places of Amusement : An Opera 
 House with 1,500 seats, Philhar- 
 monic and Miller's Halls. 
 
 A compactly-built town, on an ele- 
 vation on the Rocky Fork of the 
 Mohican River, in the centre of a 
 very fertile district. It has some 
 manufactories, but its principal in- 
 terest centres in the joblnng trade. 
 It is an important railway centre, 
 has some fine public buildings, 
 churches and schools, and a Court 
 House which cost 200,00(X) dol.s. Most 
 of the dwelling-houses are surround- 
 ed by gardens. 
 
 Reached by Baltimore and Ohio 
 Railway, from Chicago, in 12 hours. 
 
V < i^i-'OT\ — .VI KM I'll IS. 
 
 119 
 
 (ManitdpJiiiseff''). — 
 l)(»l»uliiti()U (lK8t»), 
 
 r.oiiv, 
 
 IJllV 
 
 Marblehead 
 
 KHriex County ; 
 7,518. 
 
 Hofoh: Clifton, Union, 
 Biiiley's, Devcreux, Smith. 
 
 Situated on Mnrblehciiil 
 Tliis (luaintiindintere.stiiifxold town 
 was one of the earliest settlcmtints 
 in the New Eui^lnnd StatL^':^. It is 
 liuilt on a rf)ck, juttinj; out into the 
 sea and forininj^ an excellent har- 
 bour. A century atfo Mnrhlehead 
 was, next to Boston, the most ixtpii- 
 lous town of Massachusetts. Many 
 (plaint old liousosare still staiidinu', 
 the most noteworthj'beint,'' the Bank 
 Buildiuf?, a fine siiecimen of the 
 mansions of the rich merchants of 
 hist century. Its principal trade 
 now centres in the l)oot and shoe 
 manufacture. The Old Fort will be 
 found interesting^ by tourists. Two 
 miles distant \a Marblehead Neck, 
 a favourite sea bathinj^- and holiday 
 resort, with two pood Hotels. 
 Lowell Island is e(|ually near, and 
 witii its lino views and pure air 
 attracts also mmy summer visitors. 
 
 Reached by Boston k Elaine Kail- 
 ■way, from Boston, in \ hour. 
 
 Marietta (OA/o).— Scat of Washim,'- 
 ton County; population (I88i»), 
 6,445. 
 
 • Hot eh : St. Cloud, Bizauto, 
 National, United States, Brown. 
 
 Places of Amt(8em€)it : The Cit,>' 
 Hall, with 1,2(H) seats, is used for 
 lectures, concerts, etc. 
 
 A thriving and prosperous manu- 
 facturinof town, romantically situ- 
 ated on the Ohio, at the junction of 
 the Muskingum River. It is exten- 
 sively engaged in the petroleum, 
 iron, rtonr, furniture, etc., industries. 
 The Marietta College, with its four 
 buildings and a library of over 
 26,000 volumes, is a prosperous in- 
 stitution, and its fine buildings are 
 suiTonnded by ornamental grounds. 
 
 Wild Cat Glen, a romantic spot 
 near by, has been purchased by a 
 Masonic lodge as a summer resort. 
 
 Parkersburg and Belpre are ex- 
 cursions within easy reach. 
 
 Reached by Baltimore and Ohio 
 Railway, from Columbus, in 5 
 hours. 
 
 Marquette {Michljun). .Seat of 
 Mar»(Ui.'tto Countv ; p ipuhition 
 (lN^O),.'>,«512. 
 
 Jlofi'lg; Summit, Nort'.i-Wcstorn, 
 Cozzens, Tremont. 
 
 The centre of the ir ):i region 
 of Lake Su|)erior, on which it is 
 stualed. It is engaged priMcii)all,v 
 in manufacturing and shipiting 
 both iron ore and mauafacturod 
 iron. It is also a summer resort 
 on account of its healthy and in- 
 vigorating air, beautiful scenery 
 and good boating and fishing. 
 Excursions are made to Pictured 
 Pocks, Grand Island, Huron Bay 
 and Islands, Portage Entry and Lako 
 Carp, Chocolat and Dt'id Rivers, 
 Ciiami)ion on Lake Michigami, and 
 Granite Islands. Tlie forests in the 
 environs arc very dens?, and abound 
 in all varieties of game. 
 
 lieached by Chicago aivd North- 
 western Railway, from Chicago, 
 ciu Fond du Lac, in 10 h(jurs. 
 
 Memphis (Tenncssre). — Seat of 
 Sh'^Uiy County; population (1S80), 
 S{,5!>2. 
 
 Jftfeh : Cochran, Gayoso, Pea- 
 body, New Clarendon, Worsham. 
 
 Ainn»emetitx : 0])era House, 
 Theatre Leubries, Free Trade and 
 Ilallenberg Halls. 
 
 CoiH'ei/inicpx : Tramways through 
 ]n'ineipal streets (fare, 5c.) ; car- 
 riages, 1 dol. ])er hour. 
 
 Riukers: Bank of Commerce. 
 
 The second city of Tennessee, a 
 ])ort of entry on the Mississippi, and 
 one of the largest cotton markets in 
 the States. It is very beautifully 
 situated on a bluif, overlooking the 
 river, and when seen from a boat 
 l)resents a striking a^jpcarancc. The 
 streets are wide, well i)aved (mostly 
 with wood), while many of tho 
 public and ]n'ivate buildings arc 
 imposing and handsome. It is the 
 largest town l)etween St. Louisi 
 and New Orleans, on the Missis- 
 sippi River, and covers an 
 area of over three fiqiiare miles. 
 Beautiful lawns surround many of 
 the private residences. In the centre 
 is a handsome Park, with a monu- 
 ment. The railway and steamboat 
 traffic is large. The esplanade, lined 
 with great warehouses, is interest- 
 ing from its commercial activity. 
 
 / 
 
120 
 
 IIKADSHAW S UXITKD M.\ii..^. 
 
 H 
 
 hi 
 
 ) If 
 
 T If 
 
 ' It: 
 
 if 
 
 if 
 
 Tho United States Custom Houho is 
 u finobiiildiiiu'. Eltnwood Ceinetory, 
 M()utli-(!»f^t of the town, is tho 
 prijiciptil <nw of tho six cemeteries 
 which tho town contains. The 
 <'hurclies, cliaritahlo institutions, 
 Iheatres ami schools mostly occupy 
 line l)uil(linK'H. 
 
 Reached by Kansas City, Fort 
 JScott and (^ulf Railway, from 
 Kansas City, in 20^ hours. 
 
 MiddletOWn (ConnPcficut).—'MU\- 
 (llesex County ; jjopulation (IHSO), 
 
 ii,7;n. 
 
 lloteU : Clarendon, Kilbnrn, Mac 
 Donouj^h. 
 
 One of the most hcautiful tf)wns 
 in (Connecticut, situated on the 
 wo-it hank of the Connecticut River. 
 Jt is equally a manufacturinj^ and 
 tin a,sj:ricultural town. It is well 
 iiuilt, and Main-street, the i)rinci])al 
 business thorouj^hfare, and Hij?h- 
 Htreet, the residential (juartev, are 
 J)oth fine thorouirhfarcs. The lari;c 
 l)uildinj,'s of the lunatic asylum 
 wtand outside the city on a hill and 
 command a flno view. Tho lierkely 
 Divinity School, with its gothic 
 chapel ' is (m Main-street. The 
 AVeslej-an TJniversity buildings, 
 which are very fine, stand also out- 
 side tho town, and tho lilirary con- 
 tains over 25,(>(M) volumes. P^rom 
 the Indian Hill Cemetery, with its 
 fmo monuments, a good view can 
 1)0 obtained. Other buildings of in- 
 tci'est are Mac Donough Hall and tho 
 Eagle Music and Insurance Halls. 
 
 Reached by New York, New 
 Haven and Hartford Railway, from 
 Now York, i-ld lierlin, in 4 hours. 
 
 Milwaukee {Wiseomln). — Seat of 
 Milwaukee County ; population 
 <1880), 115,587. 
 
 Hotels : Kirhy, Plankington, Rc- 
 l)ublican, Axtill. 
 
 Amugf-ments : The Opera House 
 and the Academy of Music, each 
 with 1,100 seats. 
 
 Convenances: Tramways in every 
 <liroction (fare 5 cents.). Carriages 
 1 dol. per hour. 
 
 Post and Telegraph Office : Corner 
 of Milwaukee and Wisconsin streets. 
 
 Bunkers: Bank of Milwaukee. 
 ' Medical: Dr. Hodgson. 
 
 This, tho rommoroial ca])ital of 
 "NVisconsiji, is at tho same time tho 
 greatest iinlustrial centre of tho 
 North-Wcst, next to Chicago. It is 
 situated on tlie Western shore of 
 Lake Michigan, at the mouth of tho 
 Milwauk(>o River. It was settled 
 only in isMo, and incorporated in 
 Is Mi. It is chiefly inhabited by 
 tiermans, whoso inlluenco is felt 
 everywhere in the town. Wheat 
 and Hour are the most important 
 items of its trade, but its hreweries 
 are also extensive and numerous. It 
 manufacturos iron and agricultural 
 imi)lemonts, and carries on a largo 
 traile in ])rovisions. Tho town 
 covers an area of about 17 sfjuaio 
 miles, and is divided by tho Mil- 
 waukee and Menomonee rivers into 
 three almost c(|ual i)arts, knf)wn 
 respectively as the Scnith, East, and 
 West Ends. Its harl)our is considered 
 the best on tho west or south shores 
 of the lake, tho river having been 
 widened and deo])encd so as to 
 admit of the entry of the largest 
 vessel. The southern division or 
 south end is the busnu?ss centre. 
 East and west ends are tho resi- 
 dential (piarters. Tho town i)resents 
 a peculiarly clean api)earance, 
 owing chiefly to the colour of tho 
 building material. Enthusiasts have 
 given it the name of " Cream City 
 of tho Lake." 
 
 The town is irregularly laid out, 
 but most of the streets have rows of 
 flno trees. The main thoroughfares 
 are Grand Avenue, East Water, and 
 Wisconsin streets. They are witle, 
 and lined with handscmio build- 
 ings. Tho Court House, tho Opera 
 House, the Ai ademy of Music, the 
 United States Custom House with 
 Post Ollice, the Soldiers' Asjdum, 
 tho Immanuei rresbytorian Church, 
 tho R<nnan Catholic Cathedral, 
 Baptist Church, Lunatic Asj'lum, 
 the Free Public Lilmxry, Milwaukee 
 Female College, the grain elevators, 
 etc., are among its most noteworthy 
 ])uildings. The latter are tho largest 
 in North America, and have a capa- 
 city of 3.i million bushels. Several 
 of the flour mills are of huge dimen- 
 sions, as are also tho iron works and 
 mills outside tho town. 
 
 There is little scope for excursions, 
 hut the White Fish Bay road offers 
 a beautiful drive of about five miles 
 in length. 
 
out, 
 s of 
 [fares 
 and 
 ide, 
 |)uild- 
 )pera 
 ,, the 
 with 
 'lum, 
 irch, 
 pdral, 
 'lum, 
 lukec 
 I tors, 
 )rtljy 
 |rgest 
 ;apa- 
 jvcral 
 Imen- 
 and 
 
 ^ions, 
 )fPers 
 bnles 
 
 MIDI'I.KTOWN — Mdl'.II.K. 
 
 lL>l 
 
 Reached by ChioaLr" and N'nrili- ! 
 Western Hailway, from Chic.i.i?<>, in 
 3 hourij. 
 
 Minneapolis {Miniimnfti). — SiMt of 
 IIeniiei)in County; pipulation (Isso), 
 4«,HS7. 
 
 Uott-h: Nicollet, Clark, West. St. 
 Jiimes, National, Windsor, Belle Vuo. 
 
 AmngemnttH : New Oi»era Hous^', 
 Pcnco Oper;i IIout»e, Theatre Co- 
 inifiue. 
 
 Cnnvpyancps : Tramways, fare 5 
 cents ; earriaj,'es rare. j 
 
 This ])r()sper()us town, with what 
 was formerly the siihurb of St. An- ' 
 thony— now forniinLf one with it — is \ 
 Hitua'tedon b<»th banks of the Missis- \ 
 siooi. The river is s]).anned here by \ 
 r :. ...aK'iificent la-idi^es. It is a very 
 
 1)rosperous town -a rival of St. j 
 ^ud's— and larjrely enira<,'ed in the 
 timber trade. Enormous saw and 
 fl )ur mills are driven by the water 
 junver derived from the Falls of 
 St. Anthony, overlooked bj- the city. 
 Minneai)oli"s is re;rularly laid out 
 with avenues, bordered with trees, 
 running east and west. Its streets 
 run south and north— are very wide 
 and well macadamized, ami have 
 side walks 20 feet Uroad. It is re- 
 markable for its many fine Inisiness 
 and private buildin<,'s. The latter 
 testifying amply to the prosperity' of 
 its inhabitants. The most ])rominent 
 buildings are the Court House, the 
 Academy of Music, the Opera House, 
 the City Hall, the Athena?um, and 
 the University of Minnesota. Some 
 of the 65 churches are elegant and 
 imposing. It is also a military 
 station. The number of educaticmal 
 establishments is large, and they are 
 good. The falls are best seen from 
 the suspension In-idge ; but the 
 rapids are moi*e interesting than the 
 falls. The flour mills are the largest 
 in America— one single establish- 
 ment l)eing able to turn out 1,800 
 barrels a day. A visit to one of these 
 mills will interest the tourist. 
 
 Reached by St. Paul and Duluth 
 B,ailway, from St. Paul, in half an 
 hour. 
 
 Mobile (^Zaiawrt).— Seat of Mobile 
 County; population (1880), 29,132. 
 
 Hotels: Laclede, Battle, St. James. 
 
 I' 
 
 AmnHfment* : Tho Mobile Theatre, 
 the Odd Fellows and Tenn)erance 
 Halls. 
 
 Coiirn/anri'.i : TiM uwavs to all 
 )arts (.') c_'!its), and carria,'es at 
 i dol. per course. 
 
 Pnitt and T,lr,/ritj>k OjUrp: In the 
 Custom House on i{oyal Strct't. 
 
 JC)i;fligh CoiiKitl ; F. J. Cridland, 
 Consul. 
 li'nik-n'n : Rank of Mobile. 
 M,,lir,il : Dr. Toxcy, Dr. K(!t- 
 chum, Dr. Mosden. 
 
 This town is the only seaport, 
 which Alabama possesses. It is tlu^ 
 largest and most imporUint town in 
 the State, and is situated on the 
 west shore of Mobile May, at the 
 mouth of the Mobile Uivt-r. Its sitc^ 
 is a sandy plain, bounded at a short 
 disUmceby high hills. The streets 
 are regular, well i>aved, antl 
 delightfully shaded. Fort (James 
 and Fort Morgan command the 
 entrance to the itort, which is about 
 30 miles distant from the town. The 
 ruins of several other Forts are in 
 the environs. It was first settled by 
 Frenchmen, many of whom were 
 Canadians, in 1703. It was the 
 Capital of Louisiana, until the for- 
 mer was transferred to New Orleans 
 in 1723. In 1703 it came into the 
 possession of the British, in 17f-o 
 was surrendered to Si)ain, and in 
 1818 was ceded to the United States. 
 It was (me of the last strongholds of 
 the Cimfederates during the Civil 
 War, and only surrendered after the 
 capitulation of General Lee. Like 
 most southern towns, it is em- 
 bowered in trees. The chief ])rome- 
 nade. Government-street, with the 
 principal residential mansions, arc* 
 planted with beautiful oaks. 
 
 The Custom House, containing 
 also the Post OlHce, is the finest 
 public building in the town. The 
 Theatre and Market House (the 
 latter really Town Hall in its 
 upper part) are in Royal-street, and 
 are handsome structures. Barton's 
 Academy, in Goverament-street, is 
 an elegant builduig surmounted by 
 a dome. The Roman Catholic; 
 Cathedral is also very fine. Odd 
 Fellows' Hall, Temperance Hall, 
 Battle House, Bank of Mobile, 
 Trinity, First Presbyterian aiul 
 Christ Churches are all noteworthy 
 edifices and present many archi- 
 
 ' M 
 
■ 
 
 122 
 
 BRADSIIAW'S UNITl.D .STATIS. 
 
 tectural hcauties. There is a United 
 St!itC3 Marino Hospital, Providence 
 Infirmary, City Hospital, and 
 several br])hans' Asylums, all of 
 which arc noteworthy. The Medical 
 Collet^e is ])r()sperous. The College 
 of St. Jo.sei)h is a little outside the 
 town, six miles wcstwai'd. It is an 
 extensive and handsome building'. 
 
 Uienville Park, in the town, and 
 Sl)rin'4 Hill are favourite resorts for 
 l)romeiiades and drives, and the 
 Gulf Shell Road runs nine miles 
 ulonj? the Bay. 
 
 Reached by New Orleans and 
 Mobile Railway, from New Orleans, 
 in 1 hours. 
 
 Monterey {Californui) . — Monterej^ 
 County; pop ilation (1S80), 1,30G. 
 
 Hotels: Hctel del Monte. 
 
 This town is charmins'ly situated 
 on the southern shores of Monterey 
 Bay. It is principally of note as a 
 winter i*esort. Until ^817 it was the 
 seat of Government, and the i)rin- 
 cipal port of California, but since 
 the rise of San Francisco, it has 
 dwindled down to a mere Ashing 
 village. Since the building of the 
 Southern Pacific Railway, and since 
 it has attracted the attention of in- 
 valids as a summer and winter 
 resort, it is again on the increase. 
 The air is very dry. High winds 
 are frecment. The scenery around 
 is lovel.\^ 
 
 Reached by Southern Pacific Rail- 
 way, from San Francisco, via San 
 Jos«5 and Santa Cruz, in 3 hours. 
 
 Montgomery (Alahama). — Capital, 
 and Seat of Montgomery County; 
 population (1880), 1G,7M. 
 
 Hotels : Windsor, Central, Ex- 
 change, Railroad. 
 
 Amusements : The Theatre and 
 McD; nald's Opera House; several 
 halls for concerts, lectures, etc. 
 
 Post and Telegraph Offices: In the 
 Court House. 
 
 Situated on a high Ijluff, on the 
 left b:i >k of the Alabama River, it is 
 the second town in population and 
 commercial importance in the State. 
 It was settled in 1817, and named 
 after General Montgomery, and it 
 has a certain historical interest as 
 having been the capital of the 
 
 Southern confederacy. It is regu- 
 larlj' built, and some of its wide 
 streets are lined with rows of trrc-i. 
 The principal buildings are the 
 State House, City Hall, Theatre, 
 United States Court House, "xncl 
 several churches. From the dome 
 of the Court House a fine view may 
 be obtained. Steamers ply on the 
 river at all seasons of the year, and 
 five railways converge here. Almost 
 all tourists to the south for the 
 winter stoj) here for some time. 
 
 Reached by Louisville and Nash- 
 ville Railway, from New Orleans, 
 via Mobile, in 13 hours. 
 
 Montpellier (T^rwoH/).— Capital, 
 and Seat of "Washington County ; 
 population (1880), 3,225. 
 
 Hotels : American, Bishop's, Pavi- 
 lion, Union. 
 
 This town occupies a beautiful 
 situation on the Winooski River, in 
 a narrow valley. It is closely built, 
 and has irregular and narrow 
 streets. The State House or Capi- 
 tol, the largest building in the town, 
 has a dome surmounted bj' a statue 
 of Ceres. In the portico is a marble 
 statue, while the interior contains 
 historical and geological collec- 
 tions, and a library of 15,000 
 volumes. The town is somewhat 
 of a summer resort, and excursions 
 may be made to Benjamin Falls and 
 Mount Hunga, to which latter, 
 seven miles distant, a fine carriage 
 road leads. 
 
 Reached by Central Vermont 
 Railway, from Burlington on Luke 
 Champiain, in 2 hours. 
 
 Mount Pleasant (/ohv/).— Seat of 
 Henry County, population (1880), 
 3,837. 
 
 Hotels: Brazleton, Harlem, 
 Wiggin's. 
 
 Amusements: Sander's Opera 
 House, Red Ribbon Opera House, 
 and Union Hall, each having about 
 900 seats. 
 
 A thriving towTi, built on an 
 elevated prairie and almost sur- 
 rounded by Big Creek. It has a large 
 trade, some manufactures and con- 
 siderable agricultural interests. The 
 Wesleyan University and the Ger- 
 man College are prosperous institu- 
 tions, bemg under the control of 
 
MONTEREY — NATCHEZ. 
 
 123 
 
 an 
 sur- 
 large 
 con- 
 Tho 
 Ger- 
 stitu- 
 ■ol of 
 
 
 the Methodists. Clos3 to the town 
 is the Lmiatic Asyhim of tlie Stjitc. 
 The scenery ai'ound Mount I'leasant, 
 which as yet is only a village, is 
 l)retty. 
 
 Reached hy the Chicairo, Burling- 
 ton and Quincy R^iilway, from 
 
 Chicago, 
 hours. 
 
 rat Burlington, in 9i 
 
 Nantucket {Mtissachunef f.f) .—Seat 
 of Nantucket County, Nantucket 
 island ; ])opulation (1880), 3,725. 
 
 Hot eh : Sherburne, Bay View, 
 Veranda, Nantucket, Springfield, 
 Ocean. 
 
 This, the chief town of the island 
 of Nantucket, is ])icturcsiiuely situ- 
 ated, and is coming into favour as 
 !i summer and sea bathing resort. 
 At one time it was the most impor- 
 tant whaling town of America, and 
 perhaps the world. It has lf)st its 
 prosperity since the great tire of 
 1846. Of late years the air of decay 
 about it has disappeared, as the town 
 is getting known to summer visitors. 
 Its streets are clean, though irregu- 
 lar, and are in many i)lacc.s lined 
 with trees and gardens. Some of 
 the houses have flat roof.-i with 
 railings round them. It has nine 
 churches, a town hall, a custom 
 house, and several schools (among 
 them the Coffin School), and the 
 Athena3um, with a library of 9,000 
 volumes, and a museiim. Several 
 interesting excursions to other parts 
 of the island may be made, the most 
 interesting being along the north 
 and south shores, Siasconsct (by 
 rail), Sancoty Head, etc. 
 
 Reached l)y steamer, from Mar- 
 tha's vineyard, in 3 hours. 
 
 Nasliville {Tfnnessee). — Capital and 
 Seat of Davidscm County j poinda- 
 tlon (1880), 43,161. 
 
 Hot eh: Scott's, Nicholson, Max- 
 well, Lmk'a, Commercial. 
 
 Amnupments: Opera House; Odd 
 Fellows' and Masonic Halls. 
 . CoMyf-^aHcea: Tramways and Cabs. 
 
 Post ami Telegraph Offices : On the 
 Public Square. 
 
 This, the largest town in the 
 State, is situated on the southern 
 Ijank of the Cumberland River. The 
 ground it stJinds on is undulating, 
 
 but the town :S ivguliir'.y laid out, 
 with straight, thuuirli rather nar- 
 row streets. The public and private 
 buildings are fine, ihe principal 
 object of interest l>eing undoubtedly 
 the Cupitol, on Cai):toi-hill, con- 
 structed of various kinds of lime- 
 stone. It is three stonys high, sur- 
 mounted by a tower 2W) feut. It 
 wtis erectccl in I8l.">, ccst over a mil- 
 lion dollars, and is considered one of 
 the finest buildings in the simtheni 
 states. The broad marble steps, 
 forming terraces, aro i)articularly 
 fine. The Market Jfrmsc on the 
 I'uljlic Scjuare is next in importance. 
 The Court Hohxi' on the same s'luaro 
 is an elo2'aut buildinij: with some 
 fine jiorticoes. Ks])L'ciilly note- 
 wortliy are the educational estab- 
 lishments, among which the town 
 boasts of not less than three uni- 
 versities. The Uiticii'xifi/ of Nuah- 
 ville is a fine building, having about 
 2.")0 students, una a lilirary of over 
 15,(XH) volumes. The Fittk L'niierviti/, 
 named after its chief ;)romoter, is 
 entirely devoted to the education of 
 coloured boys. Bo als>) is the 
 Tetniennee Cttifnd VoUfije. Vander- 
 hilt Unifersity ])uildings (founded 
 by Commodore VanderWilt) should 
 be noted also. The State Peniten- 
 thiry, in its spacious stone build- 
 ings, is si)oken of as a model insti- 
 tutioia of its kind. Here is an 
 Axi/liiiii for the Blind, and another 
 for the I)iti i:u; both six miles out- 
 side the town. 
 
 The town commands the trade of 
 an extensive region, and is a great 
 railway centre, having at the same 
 time imiiorLaut river navigation. 
 Its manufactures are very varied, 
 and it is a prosperous CL'iilro. The 
 famous battle of Nashville (so 
 favourable to the North) was fought 
 here, in November, 1801. The Her- 
 viitinje, once the residence of 
 Andrew Jackson, is 12 miles east 
 of Nashville. 
 
 Keiched by the Louisville 'and 
 Nashville Railway, from Memphis, 
 in 12i hours. 
 
 Natchez (.lfww(>;>().— Seat of 
 Adams Count}- ; population (1890), 
 7,058. 
 
 Hotels: The Natchez House. 
 
 Stands on the East Bank of the 
 Mississippi, partly on a narrow 
 
M 
 
 
 
 : 
 
 'Iff 
 
 ,'i 
 
 ,,.1 
 
 m 
 
 t i 
 
 121 
 
 BRADSHAW S UNITED STATES. 
 
 jstrip of land and partly on a hill. 
 The lower portion of the town can 
 lay no claim to l)eauty, thonjjfh it 
 contains several puV)lic l)uildin,c(s. 
 It is connected with the upper part, 
 '200 foet above the river, ])y broad 
 roads, easy of ascent. The lower 
 part is called " Natchez under the 
 hill," and the upper part '* Natchez 
 on the hill." Both have shaded and 
 well laid out streets and avenues. 
 It was settled first in 1700, and has 
 a number of historic reminiscences. 
 It is well built, carries on a ^ood 
 trade with the surrounding? country, 
 jind contains some fine buildings. 
 Most of the dwelling-houses have 
 Kood gardens. The l)luff has on its 
 front a park, running along the 
 whole length of the town. The 
 prominent buildings are : the Roman 
 Oatholic Cathedral, with a tower, 
 the Court House, Masonic Temple, 
 and some of the other churches. 
 The National Cemetery on another 
 Bluff is well laid out, and is used as 
 a promenade. 
 
 Reached by Natchez, Jackson & 
 ColumVms Railway, from Jackson, 
 in 5^ hours. 
 
 Ifeenah {Wisconsin). — County of 
 Winnebago; population (1880), 
 4,917. 
 
 Hotels: Russell. 
 
 Situated on the Fox River, oppo- 
 site Menasha, and near Winnebugo 
 Lake. With Menasha, it really 
 forms only one town. They are 
 pleasure and health resorts, owing 
 to the fine scenery, good air, boat- 
 ing, fishing, and other facilities 
 for spo'^t. It has some manufac- 
 tures. 
 
 Reached by Wisconsin Central 
 Bailway, from Chicago, in 3| 
 hours. 
 
 INegaunee (Michigan) .—Marquette 
 County ; population (1880), 4,005. 
 
 Hotels : Breitung, Jackson. 
 Tildeu. 
 
 In the centre of the Iron Region 
 of Lake Superior, it is surrounded on 
 nil sides by mines and furnaces. 
 Unless to a traveller interested in 
 iron mines, etc., this is not a 
 desirable place to visit. The valley 
 is narrow, surrounded l)y high 
 hills, and its atmosphere is alwajs I 
 
 ! shioky. It 1ms good schools, 
 several important pul)lic buildings, 
 churches, newspapers, etc. The 
 surrounding country offers a great 
 variety of excursions, and game and 
 fish are abundant. Escanaba 
 River, Little Lake, Cascade, Lake 
 Michigami, and others are near, 
 and will repay a visit. 
 
 Reached l)y Detroit, Macquinac 
 and Marquette Railway, from 
 Eetroit, in 225 hours. 
 
 Newark {yew Jersey) .—Seat of 
 Essex County; population (1880), 
 136,508. 
 
 Hotels : Continental, Bristol, 
 Newark, Park. 
 
 Amusements : Newark Opera 
 House, Grand Opera House, Aca- 
 demy of Music, Park Theatre, 
 Library Hall. 
 
 Conveyances : Tramways (fare 
 5 cents.), carriages at 1 dollar the 
 course. 
 
 Post and Telegraph Office : Corner 
 of Broad and Academy streets. 
 
 A large manufacturing town on 
 the Passaic River, and indirectly a 
 suburb of New York, from which it 
 is nine miles distant. It offers little 
 of interest to the visitor. India- 
 rubber goods, flour, Ijoots and shoe."-', 
 carriages, paper, jewellery aiui 
 sundry other articles are manu- 
 factured here. The Passaic Flour 
 Mills have a capacity of 2,(K10 barrels 
 daily. Newark is regularly built 
 on the right bank 
 River. Broad and 
 are the principal 
 The chief public 
 buildings are, the Court House, on 
 Market-street, in the Egyptian style ; 
 the Custom House with the Post 
 Office ; the City Hall and the build- 
 ings of the Mutual Benefit Life 
 Insurance Co. are all on Broad- 
 street. The State Historical Society, 
 Newark Academy and Lilmiry 
 Association are the principal literary 
 institutions. The latter has a 
 lil)rary of 20,000 volumei^. 
 
 Reached l)y Fennsylvania Rail- 
 way, from Jersey Citj , in ^ hour. 
 
 Newark (Ohio).— Seat of Licking 
 County; ])oi)ulation (1880), 9,600. 
 
 Hotels : Anicrican, Ijansin^f, Park, 
 Tubbs (at railway station) . 
 
 on a high plain, 
 of the Passaic 
 Market streets 
 thoroughfares. 
 
NEENAH NEW HAVEN. 
 
 125 
 
 On the cniifluencc of Vaq three 
 forkis of thc! Licking River and on 
 the Ohif) Canal. It is a prosperous 
 community, and the town is hand- 
 some. It has several factories, and, 
 owinar to the fertiUty of the re<?ion 
 surroundiutc it, an extensive trade in 
 agricultural ])roduce. The streets 
 are wide and straiji^ht and lined with 
 handsome residences. The Opera 
 House and Music Hall can each seat 
 800 ]iersons, and the City Hall nOO. 
 The country around is interesting to 
 intending farmers. 
 
 Reached hy Bdltimoro aud Ohio 
 Railway, from Columbus, in 1 
 hour. 
 
 New Brunswick (New Jei'sey).— 
 Seat of Middlesex County ; popu- 
 lation (ISSO), 18,258. 
 
 ifoteh: City, New Brunswick, 
 ^.Vhite Hall, Bull's Head, Neilson 
 '■ use. 
 
 On the Raritan River, at the 
 eastern terminus of Delaware and 
 Raritan Canal. It is essentially a 
 manufacturing town, especially of 
 indiarubber goods, harness and 
 hosiery, and has also some ship- 
 building yards. The Opera House 
 can seat "2,000 persons, and is a 
 handsome building. Rutger's Col- 
 lege is a rich and prosijerous educa- 
 tional establishment. 
 
 Reached ])y Pennsylvania Rail- 
 way, from "^ Jersey ' City, in 1 
 hour. 
 
 f New TorTc) .—Orange 
 illation (1880), 18,050. 
 
 1 '.win, Odell, Unitetl 
 
 . 
 
 Newbi: vi 
 Count 
 
 Ho " 
 
 States. 
 
 A handsoi.,^ manufacturing town 
 on the Hudson. It is interesting on 
 account of its historical associations 
 in thp War of In(l"n(>ndence. South 
 of the town is an old grey Mansion 
 containing many relics. Opposite 
 is Fishkill Landing, a charming 
 village. There is an Opera House, 
 witlV seats for 1,000 persons. 
 
 T'^r 'hid by New York, Central 
 an 1 F .ds(ni 'River Railway, from 
 Ne\\ -;. I'k, in 2 hours. 
 
 Newburyport {Magsachusetfg).— 
 Essex County ; population (1880), 
 13,716. 
 
 Jloteh: American, Merrimack, 
 City, Ocean. 
 
 On the Merrimack River and a 
 port of entry. Like Salem and 
 Marblehead,it is one of the old coast 
 towns and has lost its Maritime im- 
 portance which has l)een mono])o- 
 I'zcd by its neighbour, Boston. Tho 
 town is well built and interesting. 
 The ( -ity Hall is a fine building, and 
 the Marine Museum contains many 
 relics of a former ])rosperity. It 
 has also a Court House and a 
 Custom House. The Public Library 
 endowed by George Peabody has 
 about ln,0(>0 volumes. There is a 
 bronze statue of Washington, many 
 ([uahit old houses and several 
 churches of interest. This is the 
 starting point for Salisbury, Hamp- 
 ton, and Rye Beach, all noted 
 sea bathing places, and m-uch fre- 
 (piented. 
 
 Reached by Boston & Maine 
 Railway, from Boston, in 1^ hours. 
 
 New Haven {Connecticut) -^CKt 
 of New Haven County ; population 
 (1880), 62,882^ 
 
 JfofeL. : Elliot House, New Haven, 
 Tremont, Tontine, Woolsey. 
 
 Amusements : Grand Opera House, 
 with 2,000, and Carl's Opera House, 
 wiili 2,o(X) seats; two others with 
 1,000 seats ea'-h ; the Athenasum 
 has a hall for lectures, concerts, etc., 
 with 600. 
 
 Conveyances : Tramways run to 
 all parts and sul)urbs (fare 5 and 10 
 cts.) ; carriages 50 cts. per person 
 and drive ; two persons 35 cts. each. 
 Steamers to New York twice a day. 
 
 Headinj Ronms : At tho Hotels 
 and also at the Palladium and in 
 Chapel-street. 
 
 Post and Telegraph Officns ; In 
 Church-street (Custom House Build- 
 ing.) 
 
 Ticket and Excursion Agents: 
 Thomas Cook & Son, 87, Orange- 
 street. 
 
 Situated at the head of New 
 Haven Bay, the largest town in 
 Connecticut, and a port of entry. 
 It is a great railway centre, was 
 first settled in 1H38. and inconmrfited 
 in 1781. It has a considerable homo 
 and foreign commerce, principally 
 with the West Indies. Its manii- 
 
 I 
 
126 
 
 BRADSHAW S UNITED STATCS. 
 
 
 f ■ 
 
 if 
 
 '\i 
 
 : t 
 
 factiircs are very important, more 
 especially in the hardware line, 
 jewellery, and india rnbber. It is 
 a handsome town, with hroad and 
 re,^ular streets in the new quarters, 
 and crooked, narrow, and pictur- 
 esque streets in tlie older portions. 
 Most of the new streets are lined 
 with large elms, whence the town 
 has received the name of " Elm 
 City." 
 
 Chapel, Stuie and Church streets 
 are the princii)al thoroughfares and 
 HiUhonse • avenue is the principal 
 private residential (luarter. The 
 Public Green, in the centre of the 
 town, contains the chief public 
 edifices. The Citt/ Hall, the State 
 House, Trinity, centre and north 
 churches are all situated on it. The 
 Court House and Custom House are 
 in Church-street. The Counti/ Prison, 
 Hospital, Medical CoUeije, Orphan 
 Asylum and Almshouse are all note- 
 worthy buildings. In Chapel-street 
 the building of the American Trust 
 and Life Company, and the Union 
 Depot, fronting the harbour, are 
 extensive and elegant. 
 
 New Haven is especially interest- 
 ing on account of its numerous 
 educational institutions, which are 
 amon:,' the best and oldest in the 
 States. Yale College, though not 
 so old as Harvard and not so 
 richly endowed, enjoys a well- 
 merited rejiutation. It was founded 
 in 1700. It has over 1(H) professors, 
 while its students number over 1,000. 
 It has a School of Fine Arts, a Law 
 School, a Medical, Theological, 
 Scientific and Academic Department. 
 Its buildings cover, including orna- 
 mental grounds, over nine aci'es. 
 Amonsr the most important of them 
 are the Library, with over 140,(HX> 
 volumes, Art building. Alumni Hall, 
 Farnam Hall, Durfee Hall, Battell 
 Chapel, Divinity School, Sheffield 
 and North Sheffield Halls, and 
 Marquand Chapel. The Observatory, 
 in Prospect-street, is well known. 
 The Peabody Museum contains 
 various collections, and the Gym- 
 nasium, which is well equipped, is in 
 Li])rary-8treet. The Sloane Labora- 
 tory and new Chemical Laboratory 
 are also both in the same street. 
 The Athletic Grounds are on the 
 Derby turnpike and are the best in 
 the I nited States. 
 The favourite drives and walks 
 
 are : to the harbour, to Fort Wooster, 
 an old fort which dares from 1814 ; 
 old l)urying ground and evergreen 
 cemetery — both containing many 
 interesting monuments. Sachem's 
 Wood, at the top of Hillhouse-avenue, 
 and Lake Whiting, are also much re- 
 sorted to, the latter for boating. East 
 and west rocks are laid out in parks. 
 The former is 300, and the latter -lOO 
 feet high. They both command 
 extensive views. Wintergreen Fall, 
 Maltby Park — with the waterworks 
 and saving rock — a sea-bathing 
 place, are also much frequented. 
 They are all accessible by tram- 
 way from the green. Wallingford 
 is a favourite summer resort, reached 
 Tjy rail. 
 
 Reached l)y New York, New 
 Haven, and Hartford Railway, from 
 
 ' York, in 2\ hours. 
 
 New London {Connect! cut). —Seat 
 of New London County ; poi)ulation 
 (1880), 10,529. 
 
 Hotels: Beldcn, Crocker, Metro- 
 politan, Edgecomb, National, and 
 Pequot — the last three 2 miles down 
 the river ; it is much frequented in 
 summer for sea-bathing. 
 
 Amusements: Lawrence Hall, with 
 1,500 seats ; and AUyn Hall, with 600. 
 
 Conveyances : Tramways. 
 
 Pleasantly situated on the Thames 
 River, three miles from the sea. It 
 has one of the finest harl)ours on the 
 coast. It has an extensive shipping 
 trade, and is largely engaged in 
 whaling and sealing. Fisheries are 
 also a considerable source of revenue. 
 Silk and woollen mills, machinerj', 
 and hardware are the i)rincipal in- 
 dustries. It is somewhat irregularly 
 laid out, l)ut has fine public and 
 private residences. It is the site of 
 an United States navy-yard, which 
 stretches above the town on the east 
 shore of the Thames. Fort Trumbull 
 and Fort Griawold protect the har- 
 bour l)elow the town. The City Hall, 
 the Custom House, several private 
 residences, and various churches are 
 worthy of note. Tourists with his- 
 torical tastes will find much to in- 
 terest them in the Cedar Grove 
 Cemetery. Groton, on the opposite 
 shore, has a monument in memory 
 of the Fort Griswold Massacre, in 
 1781. Stonington is a favourite sum. 
 
NEW LONDON — NEW ORLEANS. 
 
 127 
 
 eel ill 
 
 ies are 
 
 enue. 
 
 les are 
 h his- 
 to in- 
 Grove 
 posito 
 eniory 
 •re, in 
 i Bum. 
 
 mer and sea-batliing resort, 12 miles 
 distant. 
 
 Reached hy the New York, Ne\v 
 Hav'en, and Hartford Rnihvay, from 
 New Haven, in 1^ hom's. 
 
 New Orleans.— Capital of Lou'si- 
 ana, and seat of Orleans Countv ; 
 population (ISSO), 21(»,11(). 
 
 Hotch: Cassidy, St. Charles, City, 
 Underhanks are flrst-class houses ; 
 others are the St, James, Waverley 
 and Hotel des Etrans^ers. Their 
 charges vary between 2^dols.an(l 
 4 dols, per day, hut for a pro- 
 longed stay a reduction is 
 made, 
 
 Rest/iumnfs : Are among the most 
 famous in the States : Victor's and 
 John's, in Bourbon-street; Moreau's, 
 in Canal Street ; Denechaud's, in 
 Charondelet-street, and Antoine's, 
 in Louis-street, Cafes abound, and 
 are numerous as in any French 
 town. 
 
 Amusements and Theatres : The 
 Grand Opera House, in Canal-street, 
 pfives o])3ras and operettas. The 
 FrcQch Opera House, in Toulouse- 
 streot, and Varieties, play come- 
 dies, etc, riie former has 2,(XX) 
 seats. The Academy of Music, in 
 Charles-street, gives all varieties of 
 entertainments ; the St. Charles, in 
 St, Charles-street, gives spectacular 
 representations, as also does Werloin 
 Hall, in Baronne-street, There 
 are numerous Halls, Cafes, Concerts, 
 etc, with all kinds of entertain- 
 ments. City Courts, Masonic Hall, 
 Exposition Hall, Odd Fellows' Hall, 
 Grunewald Hall, all in Baronne- 
 street, The Carnival Festivities 
 are on a very large scale, and 
 uro much visited by strangers 
 from all parts of the United 
 States. 
 
 Jtaces and Sports : The Horse 
 Races occur at Fair Grounds Race 
 Course, to which three lines of 
 tramways lead from the town. 
 Several societies are foi-med to aid 
 in the Carnival Fetes. There are 
 also several boating clubs. 
 
 Beading Rooms : At the Hotels and 
 Restaurants and Cafes ; the City 
 Tiibrary, and at the Young Men's 
 Christian Association Building. 
 
 Museums : The Anatoirtical 
 ^lusoum, in the University (Medical 
 College). 
 
 Clubs: Club life is very i>rospcrors 
 in New Orleans. Tin? most i)rominent 
 are : The Jucke// C/ii/», with a hand- 
 some house and gardens, near the 
 Fair Grounds ; the Jiosfon, the 
 Fickivirk, the Louisiana, Liedertafol, 
 Commercial, Chess, Wist, and Har- 
 mony are all well SH])i)orted, and 
 social clubs. The Shu /ci-spea re Club 
 gives dramatic entertainments, 
 which are fashionably attended. 
 The Social Club is conducted on 
 similar linos, Introducti(m is easy, 
 and is obtained through a mem- 
 bor. 
 
 Convet/fDices : Trimv'n/s to all 
 ]).irts of the city and suburbs ; 
 central station Canal-street, fares, 5 
 cents in town and 10 cents licyond 
 the boundaries. Carriages and' Cabs 
 at various stands in the town, 2 dols. 
 per hour; 5 dols. ])er half day. 
 Omnibuses at trains and steamboats, 
 25 cents faro to Hotel. Ferries run 
 across the river to the suburbs o])- 
 posite. A steam tramway connects 
 the town with Lake Pontchartrain, 
 (15 cents fare). 
 
 Fost and Telegraph Office: In 
 
 Canal-street, in the Custom House 
 
 Buildings, open from 7 a.m. till 8 
 
 p,m. every day. Letter boxes at 
 
 most of the lamp-posts. 
 
 English Consul : A. de Grenier de 
 FonljlaiKiuc, Consul. 
 
 lianl-ers : Bank of Louisiana. 
 
 2Iedical : Dr. A. do la Rogue, Dr. 
 C, W. Trench. 
 
 Dentist: Dr. Gascoigne. 
 
 New Orleans is the commercial 
 metropolis of the south and the 
 largest cotton market in the world. 
 It is situated on ])oth banks of the 
 Mississippi River, ))ut chicfl.y on the 
 left bank, about KK) miles from its 
 mouth. Its attractions to the tourist 
 consist less in the architectural 
 beauties, than in the foreign as])cct 
 of its buildings and its peculiar 
 Creole population, together with the 
 air of gaiety and animation which 
 pervades the town. It is now chosen 
 by many inlia])itants of the Northern 
 States as their winter resort. Much 
 has l)oen done by the Unvn itself to 
 make the winter season as attractive 
 as possible. The principal attrac- 
 tion are the Carnival fetes which last 
 about 14 days, and are unrivalled in 
 any portion of America, During the 
 C.irnival excursion trains are ran 
 
128 
 
 BRADSHAW b UNTTKD STATES. 
 
 < N 
 
 from all the principal towns in the 
 North. The concourse of visitors 
 (luring this time is so great that it 
 is with (lifliculty that accommoda- 
 tion can ho fo\ni(l for them. The 
 processions and halls (hiring this 
 tirr succeed each other very rapidly. 
 The splendour of the costumes is 
 remarkable. 
 
 New Orleans is the central point 
 of nearly 2(),()(M) miles of steamboat 
 navigation. In the value of its 
 entire commercial movement it 
 ranks next to New York. Several 
 l)orts of the United States surjiass 
 It as to import, but its exports are 
 very large. Not unf recpiently above 
 1,(HM) steamers may be seen lying 
 at its extensive wharves, or "levees," 
 as they are called. In 18841-85 
 the whole commercial movement 
 (exports and imports) amounted to 
 over 220,(MH),()()0 dols. The staple 
 article is cotton, but sugar, tobacco, 
 Hour, pork, rice, etc., are shi])ped in 
 enorm(JU8 quantities. Ara(mg the 
 imports figure principally : coffee, 
 salt, hardware, dry goods, liquors, 
 etc. There are also some factories, 
 such as sugar refineries, rice mills, 
 etc. They occupy, however, a 
 secondary rank in the business of 
 the city. 
 
 New Orleans was first settled in 
 1718, but was abandoned shortly 
 afterward on account of its un- 
 heal thincss. It was resettled in 
 1723, and held possession of by the 
 French until 1729. From that year 
 , , 41 1801 it belonged to the 
 Spaniards, and subsequently until 
 1803 to the French again. After 
 this date it was ceded with the then 
 province of Louisiana to the United 
 States. The town exhibits, in its 
 buildings, etc., all the various 
 characteristics of its former occu- 
 piers. It was incorporated in 1804, 
 aiad in 1810 had only 17,243 inhabi- 
 tants. Since then its progress has 
 been rapid. In 1850 it had 116,723, 
 and in 1870, 191,418 inhabitants. 
 Since then it has steadily increased. 
 Historical events in the annals of 
 the town : the rebellion in 1763 
 against the cession by France to 
 Spain ; the battle of 1815, where 
 Andrew Jackson, commander of the 
 United States troops, fought against 
 the British, and its capture in 1862, 
 (luring the Civil War, by Admiral 
 Farajut. 
 
 Its climate is mild and sub-troi)i- 
 cal and unhealthy in summer. 
 Yellow fever and other epidemics 
 have repeatedly made great havoc 
 ttUKmgst its iniuibitants, and have, 
 to a C5ertiiin extent, retarded its 
 progress. 
 
 The older part of the city is built 
 within a bend of the river, whence 
 the name " Crescent Citj-." This 
 part is comparatively thickly built 
 upon, though its streets are fairly 
 straight, considering the irregularity 
 of the ground. The city is spread- 
 ing chietiy up stream, and the por- 
 tions (m the left bank now follow 
 the figure of an S. The limits of 
 the city embrace an area of almost 
 150 square miles, of which only 
 about 41 can Ije said to be occupied 
 l)y the city proper. The ground it 
 stands upon in most parts is Ijelow 
 the ^uvel of the River, from which 
 it is ,)rotected by the levees. These 
 are embankments of earth like the 
 Duvh dj'-kes. The land slopes gently 
 from the River towards a marshy 
 tract behind the town and Lake 
 Pontchartrain. The Dyke or Levee 
 18 14 feet high by 15 wide, and forms 
 a delightful promenade. 
 
 The streets running from the 
 River inland are straight. Those 
 running parallel with the River 
 follow more or less its course, and 
 cannot be called crooked or irre- 
 gularly l)uilt. They ara for the 
 .nost part wide, and in general 
 appearance second to none in the 
 United States. Many are well 
 paved, but not a few are unpaved 
 and impassable in wet weather. 
 In dry weather the dust is in- 
 8ufferaV)le. Canal-street is the 
 Broadway of New Orleans, and is 
 lined for about tw^o miles from the 
 river with fine shojis, business 
 l)uildings and private residences. 
 It is almost 200 feet wide, the centre 
 being a promenade 25 feet wide, 
 and having grass plots bordered 
 with two rows of fine trees. St. 
 Charles, Claiborne, Baronne, Ram- 
 part and Esplanade streets are 
 similarly ornamented. Esplanade, 
 Royal and Rampart streets are the 
 principal promenades in the French 
 quarter. 
 
 The great sight of New Orleans is 
 the French Market, on the levee, 
 near Jackson-square. The bustle is 
 greatest on Sunday mornings, from 
 
NEV,' ORF. KAN'S. 
 
 129 
 
 R a.m. t;) D am., an I in the week at 
 6 a.m. The assoinhliiijo of whites, 
 Creoles, and iietrroos, their curious 
 i'().stiimes, etc., tlie difTereut patois 
 they speak, all is bewihUn-iu.?. The 
 various articles they offer for sale 
 Avill interest and amuse the visitor. 
 The Lerpe is another intercstinof 
 Ni^ht. It affords a very strikinjif 
 example of hustle smd activity. The 
 ^gesticulations, noise, etc., recall 
 those of the (piays in Naples, hut 
 are intensified. A «?ood point to ol)- 
 tain a view of the city and environs 
 is the tower of St. Patrick's Church. 
 
 As already reniai-ked, the archi- 
 tectural attractions of New Orleans 
 :ire neither numerous nor strikiutj. 
 The finciit public building is the Uni- 
 ip(' StdfpK Cuxfnni llonxe, on Canal- 
 st'oot.. containini^ also the post- 
 otlice. It ranks next to the Cai)itoI 
 in Washington in size. It is built 
 of grinite, in the Doric style of 
 architecture. It is 331 feet in 
 length, on Oanal-street, and occu- 
 ])ies a whole block. The columns 
 and pilastres arc very fine. It was 
 ccmimenced in IS 18, and has only 
 lately been finished. The C'ty Hull, 
 in St. Charles-street, is the most 
 artistic of the public buildings in 
 the towu. It is built in the Ionic 
 style, of white marble, and has a 
 wide and high flight of granite 
 steps, leading to a portico sup- 
 ported by eight columns. In some 
 of the rooms is the city library. Sf. 
 Pafrick's Hull is an imposing 
 edifice, seating 3,500 i)ersons. The 
 United Stiiten linnich Mint, on 
 Esplanade-street, is in the Ionic 
 style, built of brick. It is 282 feet 
 by 180. The CoKrt Houses are in 
 Jackson-S(iuare, right and left of 
 the Cathedral. They are in the 
 Tusco-Doric style, and were built 
 towards the close of last century. 
 In Royal-street the Exchange, in 
 ■white marble, is the most remark- 
 able. Masonic Hall, Odd Fellows 
 Hall, Exposition Hall, and City 
 Courts are all imposing buildings. 
 The Cotton Exchange, in Carondelet- 
 street, is very handsome, and cost 
 over half a million of dollars. 
 
 The Charity Hospital, in Common- 
 street, is very l)eautiful, and can 
 accommodate 500 patients. The 
 Maiaon Dieu is also a fine structure, 
 and is surrounded by a well-kept 
 garden. 
 
 The Cafhr.lral of St. L)iih, in 
 Chartres-street, is the fint'st church 
 in the town. It wiis }»uilt in 1702- 
 \)V, and was altcrcil and iMilarired in 
 ls.-)(». It has sDtne tine paintinns in- 
 side. The facade is strikinu-. .SV. 
 I'iitrirk's, in Camp-street, has a liue 
 tower, copie I from tlu; fam')us 
 minster in York, Kntrljind. The 
 Chitrch of the Jiiiiiiaciihifp I'onci'j'f'oi), 
 in Haronne-strcot, is a fine speci- 
 men of Moorish architecture, as also 
 St. John the linjifist Vhiirch, in 
 Pryades-street. These are all 
 Roman Catholic. St. PaiiVs, Trinity, 
 Chr'mt Church, First Prcxliytcrian, 
 Unitarian, Jfac Ghee, iind Temple 
 Sinai (Synagogue) areall fine build- 
 ings, and worth ins[)ecting. The 
 Ursiiline Conrent, in Chartres-street, 
 is an interesting relic of early church 
 history in the town, erected in 1787. 
 It is now the Bishop's palace. 
 
 The University of Louisiam', in 
 Common-street, is a largo building, 
 well attended, and increasing in 
 importance. Straight University is 
 exclusively for coloured students. 
 The JVew Orleans State Jlonse, 
 formerly an hotel, is a fine building, 
 and has a rotunda with some goo(l 
 basreliefs. Other buildings are 
 St. Anna's Widow's Asylum, I'oydras 
 Female Orphan Asylum, Indigent 
 Coloured Orphan Asylum, German 
 Protestant Asylum, Sf. Vincent 
 Orphan Asylum, and the Howard 
 Association, which latter is one of 
 the n 'blest charitable societies in 
 the world. It is intended s])ecially 
 to give relief in epidemics, such as 
 yellow fever, etc. 
 
 The town has a great many 
 pleasure grounds, parks, etc., and 
 all of them are well kei)t. Jackson- 
 square, with the e(piestrian statue 
 of General Jackson (by Mills), is 
 near the river on the Old Town Plot. 
 It has fine trees, beautiful shrubs 
 and flowers. Lafayette-square, on 
 Camp and St. Charles streets, with 
 a statue of Franklin, is also very 
 fine, and is lined with fine Ijuihlings. 
 Annnnciat ion-square, Tivoli-circle, 
 and Douglas-square are also worth a 
 visit ; while City Park, covering 
 about 150 acres, was the site of 
 the "World's Exhibition, 188^,-5. All 
 these are much frequented l)^' 
 pedestrians and carriages. The 
 favourite drive is along the Shell' 
 road to Lake Pontchartrain, or to 
 
130 
 
 HUADSIIAW S UNITED STATES. 
 
 U '■ 
 
 W l:'\ 
 
 •I..., 
 
 the 
 
 the 
 on 
 
 I 
 
 Carrollton. The Battlpfield of New 
 OrleiiHH is 1^ miles south of Canal- 
 street, and h:is a national monu- 
 ment. Another monument to the 
 memory of General R. E. Lee, 
 stfinds in Tivoli-circle, and is 65 feet 
 hi;?h. The cemeteries of New 
 Orleans are noteworthy from the 
 fact that they are mostly above 
 j^round. Some of the mortuiiry 
 chapels and monuments are very 
 fine. The dead are, as a rule, in- 
 terred in cells, one above the other, 
 as in ancient E^yiit, and in certain 
 parts of Italy. Each cell contains 
 one coffin, built in with masonry as 
 soon as deposited. Most tombs 
 have white marl>le tablets in front. 
 In all there ai*e 33 cemeteries, of 
 which Cypress Grove, G reenicood \\m\ 
 Melairie are the most interesting. 
 The monument to the Union Dead 
 at Chalmette, and another to the 
 Confederate Dead will attract 
 attention of the tourist. 
 
 The TJrsuline Convent, near 
 Battlefield, may be inspected 
 visitinj? the latter. It is an imposing 
 building 200 feet long, overlooking 
 the river. Other favourite ex- 
 cursions are to Lake rontchartrain, 
 Carrollton, Algiers, Gretna, St. 
 Bernard, Shell Beach and Convent. 
 
 Reached by Louisville and Nash- 
 ville Railway, from Nashville, in 12 
 hours. 
 
 Newport {Rhode Inland). — One of 
 the chief to-wiis of Rhode Island, 
 and seat of New])()rt County; 
 popvilatiou (1880), 15,(593. 
 
 Hotels : Aquidncck, Cliff, Ocean, 
 Perry, United States. There are 
 private cottages and villas in great 
 number. 
 
 The " Queen of American w^aterlng 
 places " is situated on Rhode Island, 
 which gives its name to the State, 
 on the east shore of Naragansett 
 Bay. It well deserves the title, as 
 besides being a most fashionable 
 summer resort in America, it has 
 much to interest visitors and tourists. 
 The town is divided into two almost 
 equal i)arts, the old and the new 
 town. The old town is exceedingly 
 quaint and picturesque, and nestles 
 round the pier and wharves, while 
 the new town lies towards the south. 
 It is mainly composetl of new 
 and handsome residences, which 
 
 are inhabited chiefly during tho 
 s.uniuer mouths. The new parts 
 arc very fine, have broad and smooth 
 streets, lined on either side l)y fiuo 
 villas elegantly built, and sur- 
 rounded with l)eautiful gardens. 
 
 In the old town the ])riucipal 
 business centres round Ifashitif/fon. 
 Square, on which stands the Court 
 House. It contains a fine p;iiuting 
 of Washington. The Declaration of 
 Indey>endence was read from its 
 steps in 177H. Tho town is a port of 
 entry, and was settled in 1037. 
 Until 1700 its commerce exceeded 
 that of New York. It sufTered 
 greatly during the War of Indepen- 
 dence, and has never conijiletely 
 recovered. It is only the influx of 
 summer visitors which makes the 
 l)lace prosi)crous, and then chiefly as 
 a centre of art, science, literature 
 and fashion. 
 
 Totiro Park, with the *' Round 
 Tower" or Old Stone Mill, is said to 
 have been constructed by Norsemen, 
 500 years ago, when they first 
 visited America, is a fine drive and 
 promenade within the city limits. 
 The ruins have been the sub- 
 ject of much learned discussion. 
 There is also hero a bronze statue 
 of Commodore I'erry. The State 
 House, already mentioned above, 
 dates from 16i2, and is a venerable 
 structure. City Hall, Perry Mansion, 
 and Perrj'' House, a"o all on Wash- 
 ington-square. The Jewish Cemetery 
 and the Syiiagogue, testify to the 
 large Jewish element among the 
 population of Newport. Hedwood 
 Library, in Touro-street, is a sub- 
 stantial building, with a library of 
 20,000 volumes, and a museum of 
 paintings and statues. The People's 
 Library, in Thames-street, has 16,0(X) 
 volumes. Memorial Church, with 
 fine stained - glass v.-indows, is in 
 Pelham - street, and a handsome 
 Opera House on Washington-square. 
 Trinty, First Baptist, and Central 
 Baptist churches, are among the 
 finest in the town. The Armoury, 
 in Clark-street, is worth inspecting. 
 There is also a Casino upon tho plan, 
 common in German watering places. 
 All kinds of entertainments are given 
 here during the season — generally 
 on ijayment of a small fee. Intro- 
 duction by a member will admit to 
 the club privileges — which are very 
 varied. 
 
NEWPORT — NEW YORK. 
 
 l:n 
 
 incf tho 
 iv partH 
 I smooth 
 ! hy fine 
 1(1 8ur- 
 Lcn.H. 
 
 )riuciiml 
 'shiiif/foit 
 \Q Cniirf 
 p;iiutinf? 
 [•iitioii f)f 
 'mm its 
 n port of 
 in 1637. 
 3xcec(lc(l 
 .siifTci'ed 
 [ndcpen- 
 iiil^lctely 
 influx of 
 akcs the 
 •hietly as 
 itcraturc 
 
 *• Rounfl 
 is said to 
 orsemen, 
 ley first 
 Irive and 
 y Umits. 
 the suh- 
 scussioii. 
 se statue 
 he State 
 I above, 
 ,'cnerable 
 Mansion, 
 ■>n Wash- 
 .'emetery 
 y to the 
 lonpr the 
 Jtedtcood 
 is a suh- 
 ibrary of 
 a scum of 
 People's 
 las 16,000 
 'ch, with 
 s, is in 
 landsome 
 n-square. 
 I Central 
 long the 
 Armouri/p 
 specting. 
 the plan, 
 ig places, 
 are given 
 generally 
 3. Intro- 
 admit to 
 are very 
 
 The Ijcachcs arc numerous, and 
 differ one from the other. The most 
 popular is Firi^t lieach. When tho 
 red flag is displayed, men can bathe 
 there without costume— but on the 
 hoisting of the white tlag they must 
 (Iress. ^Qcond, or Sitchiiput Be(ich,'\^ a 
 mile east of the first, and licrc there 
 is a very strong and heavy surf. The 
 Purgatory is between this and tho 
 Third Beach. All the Ijeachcs have 
 good sands. From "Hanging 
 Kocks," beyond the latter beach, a 
 fine view may be obtained. The Forty 
 Steps lead into Narag-ansott-avenue. 
 
 The drives and excursions are 
 very varied. Ocean and Belle Vue 
 avenues are the fashionable drives 
 during l)athing hours, and are above 
 10 miles long. Spouting Cave, the 
 Pirates Cave, Miantonomi Hill, Lily 
 Pond, the Glen, Fort A<latns, Bren- 
 ton's Cave, Conanieut Island, Lime 
 Rock, Goat Island, Rocky Point, 
 Block Island, Naragansett Bay, and 
 Fall River, are among the principal 
 excursions. 
 
 Reached by New York, Provi- 
 dence, and Boston Railway, from 
 New York, via NaraganseLt Pier, 
 thence by steamer — in all 2^ hours ; 
 or by steamer from New York in 
 2.i- hours. 
 
 Newport { Kentuclcy). — Seat of 
 Campbell County ; poi)ulation (1880) 
 20,433. I 
 
 Hotels : Several small inns ; but ! 
 visitors generally stay in Cincin- i 
 nati. I 
 
 A handsome town on the Ohio 
 and Licking Rivers. Has fine 
 streets — wide, and adorned wyth 
 trees. It is a suburb of Cincinnati, 
 whose merchants have their resi- 
 dences here. It has a considerable 
 capital invested in factories of steel, 
 iron, lumber, watchcases, etc., and 
 an extensive trade. It is connected 
 with Cincinnati by a lofty pier 
 bridge, and with Covington by a 
 fine suspension bridge. Its schools 
 are celebrated. There are some 
 public buildings, but being a mere 
 suburb of Cincinnati it need not 
 detain the traveller. 
 
 Reached by Pier Bridge Tram- 
 ways from Cincinnati in a (pnu'ter 
 of an hour. 
 
 Newport {Vermont). — Orleans 
 County ; population (18.s(»), 920. 
 
 JLoteh: Bellevue, Memphremagog. 
 
 Tho town is situatoil at the head 
 of Lake Memphremagog, and over- 
 look.s the lake. It is coming more 
 and more into fashion as a summer 
 and holiday resort. It is 1)oautifjilly 
 sitiiatcd, with a cof)l climate and 
 bracing air. The lake is W miles in 
 length, lies ])tirtly in Vorniont and 
 partly in Canada, and oiYers good 
 lK)ating and fishing. The shores are 
 surrouudc'l with forest clad hills. 
 Pleasant excursions are made to 
 Jay I'eak, Prosjject Hill, Clyde 
 River Falls, Bolton Springs and Bear 
 Mountain. 
 
 Reached by Mont]iellier and Wells 
 River and I'assuin])sic Railways 
 from Montpcllier, via Weils River 
 Junction, in \ hour. 
 
 New York {Neu- York Sfiite). — 
 Seat of New York ('ounty ; popula- 
 tion (1880), 1,20(5,590. 
 
 Hotels: The IFu/tfyor in 5th-a venue, 
 a thoroughly first-class house, 
 is ably conducted on Ijoth the 
 European and American plan. 
 Will be found very comfortable. 
 
 The Brevoort House, 5th-avonuo, 
 and 8th-strcet can be recommended 
 as one of the ))est houses in tho 
 United States. It is a family hotel 
 in every resi)ect, and tho most 
 homelike for English visitors of any 
 New York hotel. 
 
 The Grand Central, tho Metropoli- 
 tan, Grand Union, Fifth Avenue, 
 Sturtevaut, Park Avenue, Hoifman 
 House, the New York, arc all either 
 on the American plan, or the Ameri- 
 can and European combined. 
 
 The St. Cloud, Brunswick, Grand 
 Hotel, Gilsey House, Coleuuiu House, 
 Albemarle, Everett, Clarendon, 
 Union Square, Astor, Morton, Man- 
 hattan, are on tho European i)lan. 
 
 Tho Glenham, Rossmore, Buck- 
 ingham, Dam, Branting, and Vic- 
 toria are family hotels. 
 
 The Cosmopolitan, Rooks, Mer- 
 chants, Washinton, Earles, United 
 States are cheaper houses, fre- 
 quented by business men. There are, 
 moreover, about 100 other hotels of 
 all classes, while tho Ix.arding- 
 houses are innumera.ble. T he latter 
 charge from 7 to 15 dols. per week. 
 
 E 2 
 
182 
 
 BBADSHAW S UNITED STA'i KS. 
 
 
 I: 
 
 Hotel life in Now York city is 
 riitlier t'xi)eiisivc. En i)en8ion, or on 
 the Anu'rican ])lan, flrst-clnss houses 
 ^enonilly clmrj?c from 3 dolti. to 5 
 (lols. inclusive. The hotels on 
 pjiropenn system chnrjjfe for rooms 
 from 1 to '.i <lols., everything else 
 extra, and meils a Id carte, and no 
 extra charge is made if meals are 
 not taken in the house. The cheaper 
 houses char^'i) from 2 dols. to -1 dols. 
 ])er day all included, or 75 cents, to 
 \\ dols. per room, and board extra. 
 
 Sentaitriinfs : Delmonico'n, 5th- 
 a venue anrl 2Gth-8treet, with a 
 branch "<iown town." It enjoys 
 a world-wide reputation for its ex- 
 cellent anil elaborate cuisine. 
 I'rices arc somewhat hif?her than in 
 the leadinj; I'arisian restaurants. 
 The St. Dfiiiv, corner of 13roa(lway 
 and llth-street, and the Metro- 
 jwlitdH, coiner of JJroadway and 
 Prince's-street, arc very K<^)od, so 
 also is the lirnuswtvk, 5th -avenue 
 . and Madison -scjuare ; Parker'' », in 
 Broadway, near 31th-street, and 
 FurK»elV», <J10 Broadway, are 
 Ladies' Reytaurants. The Vienna 
 Bakery, corner Broadway and lOth- 
 strcet, is celebrated for its excellent 
 coffee and ])akery, and many 
 national dishes. AH the leading 
 hotels have cafes and rcstauranls, 
 and are for the most part well kept. 
 The Oihey, the St. James', the 
 Hofftnan Hottgp, the Del, onieOy down 
 town branch 112 and 114 Broadway, 
 the Asfor Jlonne, Mouquin and 
 Sie(/hortuer'f, 32, Lafayetto-place, are 
 tirst-class houses icv gentlemen. 
 There are excellent ^able d'hoto 
 dinners at Hungarian Hotel on 
 Union-square. Morello's, 28th- 
 Btreet, and Jacqiies's, 51, W. llth- 
 street, Pursell's, Moretti's and 
 Martinelli's (the two latter with 
 Italian cuisine), Farrish's, 64, John- 
 street, is the best of the Grill-Room 
 Restaurants kei)t upon the English 
 luncheon bar system. 
 
 Conveyances : Several lines of 
 elevated railways run from east to 
 west, lengthwise through the city. 
 They mostly start at the Battery, 
 with stations at almost every second 
 or third crossing street. Trains run 
 in every direction every four 
 minutes, and during the busy hours 
 of the day every two minutes ; fare, 
 10 cents, ai d in the busiest hours — 
 viz., from 4,'W till 7.30 a.m., and 
 
 4.30 till 7.30 i).m.— only 5 cents. 
 They run all night and (j'n Simdays, 
 Init at longer intervals. 
 
 Tramways run through all tho 
 ])rincipal streets and avenues, start- 
 ing mostlv from the vicinity of tho 
 Post Otlico in J^roadway. The 
 principal linos traverse tho whole 
 length of the town l)eyond tho 
 Central Park. Th(!re are also 
 immerous lines running across the 
 town from river to river. The fare 
 is only 5 cents. 
 
 Omnihitsf's start from several of 
 the ferries and run uj) town on 
 Broadway, fare being 5 cents only. 
 Busses also wait at tho landing 
 stages of the steamers and at 
 railway staticjns. 
 
 Carriages are very dear ; they have 
 stands in various parts of tho town, 
 and attend arrivals of trains ancl 
 steamboats. The drivers aro pro- 
 verbially extortionate, and tho 
 tariff should always be asked for 
 before engaging. In cases of dis- 
 pute apply to a policeman. The 
 fare is, for one mile or less, 1 dol., 
 with augmentation of 50 cents for 
 each add'tional mile, one passenger 
 or more ; by hour, 1 dol., and each 
 additional order 1 dol. more. Black 
 a,nd yellov cabs are at 25 cents per 
 mile, and by the hour 1 dol. for 
 each hour or fraction. One trunk 
 or package free ; each additional 
 pared 6 cents. Private carnages 
 are best engaged at the hotels. 
 Both public and ])rivate carriages 
 are good, clean and well horsed. 
 
 Ferries : In great number. To 
 Jersey City, from Liberty-street, 
 Cortlandt, • Desbrosses, Chambers 
 and West 23rd- streets ; to Iloboken, 
 from Barclay and Cristopher-streets; 
 to Weehaicken, from W. 42nd-street ; 
 to Staten Island, from Whitehall- 
 street ; to Brooklyn, from Whitehall, 
 Wall, Fulton, and Catherine-streets ; 
 to Williamsburgh, from Roosevelt, 
 Grand and East Houston-streett ; to 
 Greenpoinf, from East 10th and ^rd 
 streets ; to Long Island, from James 
 Slip, East 7tti and 34th-streets ; to 
 Astoria, East 34th and 92nd-8treet8 ; 
 and by boat from East River Pier 22 ; 
 to Blackwall's, Ward's, and Ran- 
 dall's Islands, from B. 26th- 
 street. The fare is generally 2 
 cents. 
 
 Railway Stations, or " Depots," as 
 they are called here. The Grand 
 
 ni 
 
Ni:\V YOIJK. 
 
 1.S3 
 
 the 
 
 
 Centi'iil Depot, in lJ!i(l-stivot,l»et\vi',.ni 
 Madison iiiul ttli iivunucs, is tho 
 stiitiou for til!' NcNV York {'futnil 
 Hiul Hudson Hivcr linilw.iy and 
 connections, the New V()ri< and 
 Harloiu and New York, New Haven 
 and Hartford Hailw.iys. Tlie old 
 depot is at lotli-;ivonue and .SOtli- 
 Htreet. In Jersey City are the 
 Stations of the l'ennsylvani!i and 
 Midland Uiilwiiys, re.icli • 1 liy 
 Ferries, from C'ortlandt and D.-s- 
 brosses streets ; the Krie ii iilw;iy 
 Station, from Chambers nnd West 
 2:Jrd streets ; the Jersey Cjnir.il, 
 from Jiihorty-strcet Ferry ; t'le 
 Delaware, Lickaw.inna an I Westorn 
 Railway, fr;)m IVircIny and Cris- 
 t' )pher-street Ferri>)-* ;" the Ni'.v 
 Jersey Southei'ii by Lilt^-rty-stic -t 
 Ferry : the Lonu: Island and Fliisli- 
 in<; Railways, from F;ist 31th-street 
 or James Slip Ferry. 
 
 Thciifri'i* iiHil Enft'ffdiiiinenfs : The 
 Opera Jloiinr, hi Broadway, Itetwecn 
 39th and 10th streets, is the liiryest 
 and handsomest the itre in Amcrieii, 
 and his an Italian (.)per:i C()m});iny ; 
 the Acdfleiiii/ of Mksc in 1 Ith-street, 
 on IrvinLT-placo, is tlu old home of 
 Italian Opera in New York, and is 
 also used for balls, lectures, meet- 
 i:i{?s, et". Ji.,>o/A*.v hi.n'h-classtraLrody 
 and comjdy is hindsom ; and c nii- 
 fortable ; ]V(ill(ick'x Aeir Thentre, in 
 Broadway and 3t)th-strejts, leiciti- 
 mate comedy with {i^ood c.)mp:inies, 
 and well mounted scenery, etc. ; 
 Daly's Union Squire, Mmfisait 
 Square ami Ffth Acenue Tiicafv'x 
 are fa8hional)le, with lij^ht ccmiedy 
 and melodramas; the Cant no, on 
 Broadway and 30th-streot, ])lays 
 both French and Ent^lish Operett is. 
 The Spectacular and Opera Boulfe 
 Ri-e represented by \Uh-»trcct 
 Theatre, Theatre Comique, NibiiK 
 Garden, li[jou Opera lloune and 
 Star Theatre. Variety entertain- 
 ments are given at Cosmo p<d''tjn. 
 Grand Opera House, Th'rd Acenitr, 
 New Park, Nev) York Coined ij and 
 Morr's Theatre.^ Thalia, nc ir 
 Canal-street, Bowery, nnd Gerimnii'i 
 Theatres, in Broadway and L3th- 
 Ktreet, are devoted to German dram i 
 and classical plaj'S. Steimraj/ and 
 Chickerinij Halls are the jjrincipal 
 places for concerts and chamber 
 music. The Eden Musec, in 2:{rd- 
 etreet, has a wax work exhibition ; 
 Aaaoc'.at'onllall and Ckickei'.nj Halt 
 
 are the principal lecture rooms. 
 Summer I'mmcniide Concerts tit 
 a I lU'irr'f, now Maditton Sqiimr 
 (i I I'lli'iis, on Madisdu-siiuarc ; 
 Atlnnfir Gardens, \\\ Howeiy, ne;:r 
 Canal-street; k'uxtir ^• B'a!'s Gar- 
 dens, in 23rd-street, and numerous 
 others in Hoboken, Weehawken, 
 cie., are frcpU'iited lar^'cly liy 
 lierm;ins, and have excellent beer 
 and j^'iod music. The cellar con- 
 certs in the liowery are both 
 (lisreputi\ble ami danu'erons, nnd 
 s'.ioulil l»e iivoidedby visitors, uidess 
 well I'Si'urted. 
 
 Sporfi*, Ji'aces, etc.; Horse, etc., 
 Uaces at Jirome I'ark, the most 
 f(ishional)!e and ai'istocratic race- 
 CDinsj in America ; I'roxpect 7'«>'A-and 
 I'onti/ Ixhntd courses, beyonil Ib'o )k- 
 lyn (l)y Ferry and 'J'ramways fiom 
 Fult )n Ferry), are Itoth well at- 
 tended. Fleetwood I'ark, on tho 
 Harlem Ui\ •, half-a-mile beyond 
 Ma"oinbs Dam bridge, for fust, 
 trotters, et.'. 
 
 Heading liooms, L'lrarien, etc. : 
 For newspai)ers, all the leailin,-^ 
 hotol.-^ have well-si!i)j)lied rooms. 
 For reference v»-orks the best is the 
 Axtnr Jjlirartf lieadnn Jfoom, on 
 Lafiiyette-place. It contains over 
 25(),(HM> volumes, and is the lar^^'cst 
 in the United States. Open from 
 1) a.m. till 5 p.m. in Summ(>r and 
 1 p.m. in Winter. • The C/V.y Lihrarj/ 
 (in the City Hall) is free, s) also is 
 the Cooper Institute, on Ith-avenue. 
 Tlie Youni? Men's Christian Associa- 
 tion has several readini^ rooms in 
 different i)arts of the city ; all are 
 free and oj)enfrom Ha. m. till li»]).m. 
 They are well supplied with pa})ers 
 and perifxlicals. The Mercant le 
 Lbrarp (introduction by a mend)er) 
 and iVV'K- York Free Circulatint/ Li- 
 Irarji (o])en to all) are also a.mong' 
 tlij l)0-t. 'J'liere are besides several 
 woll-supplied reading rooms at the 
 leadin.t? clubs. 
 
 Museums: The Metrcpui i fan Art 
 !\fu.<euni, .")th-a venue and H^nd-street. 
 contains pictures, antiquities, statu- 
 ary, manuscripts, etc., a'so the 
 famous Cesnola collection of 
 Cyprian Autupiitics, so mnch 
 (.irijussed in artistic and niiti- 
 (piariaii circle <. The Muteum 
 of Natural History is oti 8th ami 
 9'h avenues, between Hist and 77th 
 streets. The Academy of L'esijjn, on 
 ■ith-avenuo and 23rd-"street, contaiusi. 
 
131 
 
 hKAD.siiAvv s u.\iri:i» statks. 
 
 ii 
 
 
 !■ 
 
 lis- 
 
 I 
 
 . ! 
 
 ^ti 
 
 
 
 in');l;'r:i f);iiiitinjf.s imd s^iilptii-OM, 
 iiiul has an annual oxliil)iti')ii. TIk; 
 Jlintorriit Sitc'ffi/, lltli-street and 
 liud-avonui!, 1i>im a ttn-; i,'alk'ry()f old 
 paint Mi,rs, K^'.vptian and Assyrian 
 auMi|nit;o.s, etc. The Amprimn Art 
 GtiNrr,/, "JMrd-stroet, near Hroadway, 
 lias \vint(!f exhihitions of modern 
 ])aintinLfs and statuary. The i»rivaty 
 Kales (tallories oK Knoedler, Goui)iI, 
 Schauss, etc The most colohrated 
 l)ri vato icallerics are those of Messrs. 
 A. T. Stewart, J. T. Johnson, O. 
 H()l)erts, A. JJelmont, John Wolfe, 
 W. H. Vanderhilt, R. L. Cutting', 
 U. L. Stuart, Robert Hoo, and Jolr.i 
 Iloey. Admission may be ol)tainod 
 on ai)])lying by letter, enclosinj,' 
 card, to the owners. 
 
 Cluhi: The leading are: The 
 I'nion, 5tli-avenui3 and 21st-strcet; 
 The Kivvkerhockcr, 5th-a\'enuc and 
 32nd-street; the Manhuifan, 5th- 
 ttveaue and Itith-streof, ; the Union 
 Li-iirjuc, 5th-a venue and 39th-strtet ; 
 the Turf Club, Madison-scjuare and 
 2yth-street; the Cenfnry, l()9, East 
 loth-street ; the Unioer»Uy, 5th- 
 avenae and .'Joth-street ; the New 
 York, 5th-avenue and 25th-strcet ; 
 the liacqtiet, (ith-averiue and 26th- 
 Ktrect ; the Loton, liD, 5th-avenue. 
 The Arciidlan, Falette, and Lamh'x 
 are artistie, literary, and theatrical 
 clubs. Admission l)y introduction 
 from a mem])er. The Union and 
 Union Loa.»'ue Clubs possess fine and 
 elegantly-funiished buildings. 
 
 Post and Telegraph Office: On 
 Broadway, southern end of City 
 Hall Park, and opposite the Astov 
 Uouso. It is open day and night on 
 week day>-, and on Sundays onlj' 
 between J) and 11 a.m., 13 other sub- 
 offices are distributed throughout 
 the city and ai'e open on week-days 
 from 6.30 a.m. till 8 p.m. and on 
 Sundays from 8 till 10 p.m. Over 
 7<X) lamp-post boxes are distributed 
 throughout the city. 
 
 English General Consulate : W. Ij. 
 Booker, General Consul; J, P. 
 p]dwards, Consul, 17, Broadway. 
 German General Consulate : 177, 
 Bi'oadway. 
 
 Bankers : Bank of New York, Wall- 
 street. 
 Medical : Dr. James, Dr. Jones. 
 Dentist : Dr. McAmes. 
 
 Ticket and Excursion Agents .- 
 Thos. Cook & Son, 261, Broadway. 
 
 Hoforo entering n])nn the descrlp- 
 ti<.:i of N(.'\v York City, the Harbour 
 entnnici', the Harbour itself and 
 Buy and tiu; Wharves must be men- 
 ti(»ne(l, and th s because the greater 
 number of tourists will undoubtely 
 ]tretV'r the lines of sloiimships run- 
 ning,' froti) Huro])'j t ) New \ork, to 
 any otliers. \n the great lines the 
 service is more regular, quicker, 
 Fufer, aiul more comfortable, owing 
 t'» competition. In a])i)roaching 
 New Yctrk from the sea. Long Island 
 on the right is sighted about threo 
 hours before Sandy Hook on the 
 left. As s.)on as Sandy Hook is in 
 sight tlio Highlands of Navesinkanil 
 the New Jersey coast follow, the 
 former standing out in l)old relief. 
 If the course of the steamer has 
 been much to the south, Longbranch 
 can be seen on the left. The High- 
 lands form the highest promontory 
 on the coast between New York and 
 Florida. Here are two lighthouses, 
 the southern having the most 
 ])owerful light on the Atlantic 
 Coast. Crossing the Bar, the 
 steamer turns northwards and pass- 
 ing the lower or outer Bay enters 
 the narrows, leaving on tiie right 
 L((ng Island and on the left Stateu 
 Island. On tlie Long Island side we 
 note Fort Hamliton, and low in 
 the water Fort Lafaj'ette, where 
 prisoners during the Civil Wars, 
 were confined. Three miles further 
 down, Ticar New Brighton, on the 
 left is the Quarantine station,where 
 the health otticei* comes off to visit 
 the vessel. Here the Custom House 
 officers also come on board and 
 letters written during the journey 
 may be i)osted. They will then 
 leave by the first out-going steamei* 
 or by the lirst inward train. Luggage 
 is not examined here — on board — but 
 each i)assenger receives a declara- 
 tion to fill u]) and sign. When hand- 
 ing it back he receives a number, 
 which the passenger hands to the 
 Superintendent. His luggage landed 
 on the wharf, this official then 
 appoints an officer to examine the 
 boxes, etc. 
 
 The view of the harbour of New 
 York, from outside the Narrows, 
 down to the wharves, is exceedingly 
 fine, es])ecially on a bright and 
 sunny diij-. The blue sea, with 
 numerous small craft, pleasure 
 steamers, etc. j the beautiful shores, 
 
 4^ 
 
Ni;\V YORK. 
 
 l.Ti 
 
 covered with superb villas niid 
 pardons; the forts; the t(»\vii with 
 its towers; Brooklyn Siisppusiou 
 UridKC, imd the dull, smoky iitinos- 
 phero in the fur distiince the 
 unimation of the whole scene is iiu 
 imj)ressive sitrht. 
 
 After the visits of the health and 
 nnd Custom Mouse oliiccrs, the 
 steamer continues her course for 
 New York. Tho Imy immediately 
 widens out into the Inner Hay or 
 New Y'ork Harbour i)rop(M*. From 
 this point the City of New ^'ork is 
 still six miles distant. On the left- 
 hand is soenthe entrance to Hudson 
 River and Jersey City ; on the rif.'ht 
 Brooklyn, with its lofty Itrid'^e 
 spanning the East River, which 
 se])arates it from New Y'ork. 
 Several military and other j?overn- 
 ment biiil<lin<^s occui)y tlie various 
 islands dotted hei'e and there in the 
 Bay. The Euylish and French 
 liners land their passeii'jrer.s on the 
 piers on the Hudson River, and in 
 the city. Passen^rers i\i\d In^gacre 
 by any of tho German steamers, are 
 landed in Hol)oken or .fersey City. 
 
 The Company's emjiloyc^s ])lace 
 the luggage under cover upon the 
 wharves. Here the examination 
 takes place. It is often a sore trial, 
 lasting sometimes for hours. Car- 
 riages and coaches from the hotels 
 are generally in attendance waiting 
 the arrival of steamers. An 
 arrangement should be made, as 
 New York coachmen are always 
 especially inclined to extort ; 2 dels, 
 to 2^ dols. for a two-horse carriage — 
 luggage included — should be ample ; 
 li dols. for a one-horse carriage , and 
 a hotel coach should not charge 
 more than 1 dol. within, or 50c. out- 
 side, in all cases, luggage included. 
 
 Express men will meet the boat 
 with the Custom House officers, and 
 the cheapest and best way is to 
 entrust the luggage to them. See 
 chapter on luggage in preliminary. 
 
 New York, called by Americans 
 also the " Empire City," is the com- 
 mercial metropolis, and the largest 
 and most important city of North or 
 South America. It was first founded 
 by Dutchmen in 1614, who called it 
 New Amsterdam. The site is said 
 to have been visited in 1524 by 
 Verranzani, a Florentine Mer- 
 chant. But the first authenticated 
 visit dates only from 1609. It was 
 
 ni:ide by Hudson, who ascended tbe 
 river as fur as the present, site of 
 Albany, nntl cliiimt'd the land as an 
 Mjipanago of Holland. In ll'lH it 
 I contaiiuMl about 1,<hh» inli:ibii;nifs. 
 In l«i«;4 it came under Hrilish rule, 
 ]>ass-ntr into the hands of the Duko 
 ' oi' Y'ork, and since then it has been 
 j calh'd New York, 'I'he first uovcrn- 
 ! nieiit WHS established in 1<).'2. In 
 I 1(!7M it was reCMptured liy tl,e Dutch, 
 who ehiinged its name to New 
 1 Or.mge, but next year it was given 
 to the Knglish airain by treaty, who 
 occuiiied it till I7n'*, when the Indc- 
 ])endence of the Uniteil States was 
 estaldishod. Its ])opulation was 
 then2:i,(MM>. In 1711, a slave market 
 was established in Wall-street, anil 
 in 1725 the first news|)ai)or was 
 started. Within ten years after tlio 
 Declaration of Independence its 
 ])opulati(m had doidiled. The first 
 steaml)o!i( was ])uton the Hudson jn 
 IH07. The main cause of the increas- 
 ing pros]ierity of New Y'ork, tlio 
 Krie Canal, was comi)letod in 1825; 
 the s line year also saw tho city 
 lighied by gas. Tho waterworks 
 from the Cnfon River were com- 
 pleted in IJSIJ. Jn 1H(H> its jiopula- 
 tion was 60,J.,S9; in l850,HI2,8;i9;and 
 in 18S0, l,2i»(;,5(K). Jersey City, 
 Hobokei), Brooklyn and "sovoral 
 other suburbs arc really portions of 
 New York, and make together a 
 po]nilatl(m nnmb;^ring over two and 
 a half millions. It is asserted that 
 more than half of the foroign trade 
 of the States passes through New 
 Y'ork, and over two-thirds of tho 
 whole customs dues of the States 
 are collected in the port. In 18^1-85 
 the exports and imports amounted 
 to nearly 900,000,0(M) dols., or 
 £180,0()0,(XH\ The manufactures 
 of the city are of course inferior in 
 extent to its trade, but embrace 
 every variety of article. Most of tho 
 fa'^tories carried on in New Y''ork, 
 and by its citizens, are stnatcd in 
 Hoboken, Jersey City, Newark, 
 Brooklyn, Elizabethtown, etc. In 
 manufa"tu"ed goods Philadelphia 
 aUmo surpassed it as to value of 
 materials used, number of manu- 
 factories and capital invested. In 
 value of the manufactured goods 
 produced, New York stands first in 
 the Union. About 200,000 hands are 
 employed in about 11,500 factories 
 and workshops; the goods manu- 
 
13G 
 
 i:::a:;m:a\v s united sta'JTS. 
 
 i 
 
 
 f 
 
 m ■ 
 
 l.i 
 
 I; 
 
 factiircd nnnually are closo upon 
 5tM>,()(X),00() (lols. in value. 
 
 Now York covers, with its build- 
 in <j:.s, etc., the whole of Manhattan 
 (uieatiint? *' a place where everv- 
 onu {Tiits drunk," in the Indian 
 hini;ua,<,'e) Island, Randall's Wards 
 anil BlackwcU's Islands, in 
 the East River ; Governor, Ellis 
 and Bcdloes Islands (Governmen^^ 
 l)uildinj:rs, etc.), in the Bay, and 
 ])art of the mainland north of Man- 
 hatt.\n Island, and separated from 
 it by Harlem River and Spuyten 
 Duyvel Creek. In extent " (in- 
 cludinf^f suburbs, impulation and 
 wealth) New Yfu-k is the third town 
 in the world. The extreme lent^th, 
 from the Batter3' to Spuyten Duy- 
 vel Creek, is \'.i\ miles ; and the 
 j^rcatest width from Hudson to the 
 mouth of Bronx River, is i\ ; in all, 
 an area of 41 square miles. Broad- 
 way runs through the wIk.Ic len<.ft;h 
 of this mass of buildings t ) the 
 Central Park. Below the Itth- 
 street is the older portion of the 
 city, and the streets are irregu- 
 l:ir, and closely built, but not 
 narrow. Hij^he'r up, the town is 
 regularly laid out, with streets 
 crossing at right angles. J'rom 
 Washington-scpiare the streets are 
 iium1)ered, and 5th-avenue divides 
 them almost into ecpial parts, they 
 being respectively desigiuxted east 
 a.'i I west from that thoroughfare. 
 The avenues running the whole 
 length are alsr numbered, and run 
 from 1st to lit avenue, with some 
 small ones, desigiuited A B C D, 
 below rith-street east. Broadway 
 and Fifth Avenue are the chief tho- 
 roughfares, the former for business, 
 ^.hops, etc., and the latter as the 
 most fijshicmable residentinl street. 
 Most of the banks, etc., are in M'all- 
 xtt'ect. 
 
 Visitors, with limited time only, 
 will do best to begin their inspec- 
 tiou of the city by the liaftery, a 
 small park at the southern ex- 
 tremity of the town, looking out on 
 tiie bay ; formerly much fre- 
 quented, it is now rarely visited 
 by promenaders and carriages, 
 owing to the residential quarters 
 bjing higl ei up town. The name 
 originated in the early Dutch sett- 
 lers having planted a battery here, 
 8urc"ouu(ied with some earthworks 
 fjr defensive purixs.^s. At the 
 
 south-west end is Cnntle Garden ; 
 iMid south, the United States Barif" 
 }//ic-e. The fonuer, originally cw Med 
 '.'axtle Clinton, was built iu \h()7, 
 uid subsoipiently converted iuto a 
 ])lace of amusement, where .Jenny 
 Lind had her first triumphs in 
 America. Then it was the Opera 
 House of New York. At present it 
 is u.sed as the emigrant depot. It is 
 under the management of paid 
 ( ommissioners, and is the most 
 frecjuented and best-managed in- 
 stitution of the kind in the world. 
 NorLh of the Battery at, the foot of 
 Broadway, is "Jiuirlini/ Green," 
 the ci'adle of the town. Under the 
 Dutjh it was the fashionable parf. 
 On the south side some houses covei" 
 the site of the old Dutch and Eng- 
 lish fort. In Whitehall-street is 
 the n3w Produce Exchange (com, 
 etc.), a very large structure. Around 
 this spot, towards the bowling 
 green, were some oM bu'ldings of 
 historical interest, amongst which 
 "A'/«^'tf Jrms Tareni," JFunhini/toii 
 House, and others bave all lieeu 
 lately taken down to make room 
 for improvements. 
 
 Passing up Broadway, about half 
 a mile from the Battery, is Trinity 
 Church, on the left side, with a tower 
 28^1 feet high, from which a Hue view 
 "an be obtained. It is of Gothi-^. 
 architecture, and built of brown 
 sandstone. In the churchyard 
 many men of note in the hiitory 
 of the United States are hu ^ed. 
 The Astor Iteredos inside is very 
 rich, nearly 20 feet high, and was 
 erected in 1878. This parish is the 
 old 1, St in the city. The original 
 church having been built iu yJG, 
 and destroyed by lire in 1776. Tho 
 l)resent edifice was begun in 1839, 
 and completed in 1846. It is sup- 
 ])osed to be the richest church iu 
 America, i)ossessing endowments to 
 the extent of 10,(H)(),(KH) dols. in value. 
 
 Opposite Trinity Church com- 
 mences Wall-street, the New York 
 Lombard and Throgmorton streets 
 combiiied, and the business 
 residence of the principal banker.s 
 and stockljrokers. In it, at the 
 corner of Nassau-stroot, is the United 
 States Sub-Treasury, formerly tho 
 Custom House. It is modelled after 
 the Parthenon at Athens, and is a 
 veiy massive Ijuilding of white 
 marble. Each end has a portico 
 
NEW YORK. 
 
 137 
 
 supported by eight doric olumns. 
 The interior has a lofty rotunda, 
 
 SUpportetl b^ 10 OorlnthiUw ooliinnw 
 
 (admission from 10 till 3 o'clock). 
 Here the Federal Hall formerly 
 stood, where Washinj^tou delivered 
 his first address as Pi'csideiit. 
 Nearly opposite, in Broad-street, is 
 the Stock Exchitnue, well worth a 
 visit during business hours, from 10 
 to 3 o'clock. The entrance to the 
 visitors gallery is in Wall-strecL. 
 Facing the Treasury are J)rr.cel 
 BuiltlinijH, of white marble, occupied 
 ])y bankers and brokers. On the 
 right hand side, a little farther 
 down Wall-streot, is the United 
 States Custom Jfouse, a massive 
 Imilding of granite, marl)!e and 
 iron. It is fireproof, and has a dome ' 
 under which is the rotunda. I 
 Around this are eight cf)lumus of | 
 Ittilian marble, carved in Italy, and j 
 ])erhaps the largest in America. ] 
 All along Wall-street are a number 
 of very handsome buildings. MilTs 
 Jiuil<lin(/s, in Broad-street, are also 
 very fine, with handsome offices, 
 chiefly occupied by l)n)kers. In 
 Nassau-street is the building of the 
 Mutual Life In^nrnucc ('ompiuiif, 
 considered one of the most notable 
 specimens of architecture in the 
 State. 
 
 A little bt von 1 Wall-street the 
 building of tiiu Equiluhle L>fe In- 
 surance Compaui/, on the right hand 
 side of Broadway, will strike the 
 visitor. It is in niixeil Doric and 
 Renaissance style. A little higher, 
 on the corner of Liberty-street is tlie 
 building of the American Bank Note 
 Company. Nearly opposite is the 
 Westertt Union Telegraph Compmnfx 
 Offices, with a clock tower 230 feet 
 high. Near this spot, at the beg u- 
 ning of Fulton-street, is the centre 
 of New York business life, and tlie 
 throng of pedestrians and vehicles 
 is at times exceedingly dense. To 
 the west is Washinjlon Market, the 
 chief New York market. It i)rescuts 
 a very animate 1 scene, and is well 
 worth a visit for the variety of 
 fruit, ve:^etal)les, fish, game, meat, 
 etc., it cout;iins. On one ct)iner of 
 Fult(m-street aro the buildings of 
 the Ecen'ntj Poxt newspai)er, and in 
 the next block the New York Herald 
 and Park l?(/wA;olIicea, both of white 
 marV)le. On the opposite corner t)f 
 Fulton-street is St. Paul's {Episcopal) 
 
 Church, an old edifice, built in 1770. 
 In the graveyard are some monn- 
 TTiotit< t^f ft;voiit interest. The white 
 marble statue of St. Paul, and a 
 memorial s' ib to (Jeneral Mont- 
 gomery are in front of the church. 
 Facing Broadway is an obelisk *" 
 white marble, erected in honoi. .,f 
 Thomas Adtlis Emmet, the Irish 
 Patriot. 
 
 The large ouildiug of gi iiiiu just 
 beyond the church is the Astc j£ouse, 
 almost historical as the earliest of 
 the great American Hotels. Opposite 
 and on each side of this l)uilding 
 centre most of the New York tram- 
 ways. Park-row, bordering the 
 City Hall Park to the right, diverges 
 obri(iuely to Frintin;/ Jlouse-square, 
 with a bronze stitue of Franklin. 
 Tiiis is the great newspaper print- 
 ing centre. 
 
 The south end of City Hall Park is 
 occupied by the New Uniled Staiis 
 Post OlJlec, an immense granite 
 ])uildiiig with lofty domes, and aii 
 entire square frontage of 720 ft. The 
 upper floors are occupied by the 
 United States C'ourts. Its erection, 
 etc., cost 7,0lK),(MM> dols. It is in tho 
 mixed Doric and Renaissaiu'e style 
 of architecture. The upi)er floors 
 are reached by two lifts. The 
 Cltif Hall, north of the Post Ottice 
 and in the City Hall Park, was 
 erected bjtween 1.S03 and IH12. It 
 is Imiit of marble (white) and brown 
 smdstone combined. The governor's 
 r.)om, on the second floor, contains 
 some fine portraits. It contains the 
 chair in which Washington sat as 
 first President, the desk at which he 
 wrote his first messa'.'e to Congress 
 ami several other liistoric relics. 
 North of this building is the Neto 
 Court House of Tammany Ring 
 fame. It cost the town over 
 1! ,(H)0,(100 dols., and is not yet quite 
 comi)leted. It is in the Corinthian 
 style of archit'j'Lui'e, built of white 
 m u'ble and surmounted by a dome 
 210 feet above the street level. 
 The princi])al entrance is in 
 Chambers-street, and is reached by 
 a flight of 30 broad steps, flanked l/y 
 massive marble columns. On Print- 
 ing Ilousj-square the principal 
 buildings are the New York State 
 Zeituiii/, with statues of Guttenberg 
 and Franklin above the enti'unce ; 
 the Tribune Buildinys, with a clock- 
 tower 285 feet high ; the New York 
 
 \ 
 
1;]8 
 
 BHADSHAW S UNITED STATES. 
 
 Ill 
 
 
 ' I 
 
 Tiiiifi office, witli a statue of Frnnk- 
 lin in front. Jf'f/7;^r'« irioii P'ranklin- 
 
 Hquaro, il few UlOcK.-s c.^.t. in Contvo. 
 
 Htrei't are " 2'he Tomha," or ])rincipal 
 <Mty prison. Hero is C'lnthdm-ntreef, 
 the Whitechai)el of No.v York, the 
 continuation of which is the Bowery. 
 This latter is a crowded thorouj^h- 
 fare with cheap sho])s, beer saloons, 
 ji^ardens, and chctip sho^vs. In 
 ( Uiatham-street is also the New 
 York Terminus of the Brooklyn Sus- 
 pemiion Briihfp, opposite City Hall 
 Park. The whole length of the 
 bridi^e.with approaches, is 5,98s) feet. 
 It iH the largest in the v/orld. It is 
 85 feet wide and includes two rail- 
 way lines, two roads for vehicles, 
 Jind a passengers' footpath. It is 
 i:i5 feet above high water mark. 
 The towers at each end are 278 feet 
 above the same. The engineer who 
 projected and carried out the work, 
 and directed it during the first years 
 v.'^as Col. John A. Roebling. His 
 .S')n, Washington Roebling, com- 
 ])leted it in 1883. No visitor should 
 tail to cross the bridge, the view 
 from it being very fine. Its con- 
 struction lasted 13 years, and its 
 cost was over 15,(XK),()00 dols. 
 
 On Broadway, corner of Cham- 
 bers-street, a little above the City 
 Hall Park, is the white marble 
 building of A. T. Stewart. It used 
 to be occui)ied by the tckolpxule 
 department of this great provider, 
 but since the liquidation of his busi- 
 ness the builduig has been con- 
 verted into otfites. His reta'l ^tore 
 was at the l)uil(ling occupying the 
 block of Broadway and 4th-avenue, 
 10th and 11th streets. From Cham- 
 bers-street tt) Leonard-street, Broad- 
 way is flanked on either side with 
 fine buildings. Rcnuirl le among 
 them are the fine white maible 
 offices of the New York L'fe In- 
 surance Company. Canal-street, 
 formci'ly a small rivulet, is now one 
 of the chief thoroughfares running 
 across the city. On the right-hand 
 side of Broadway, above Prince's- 
 street, in the Metropolitan Hotel, is 
 situated Niblo's Garden Theatre. 
 The Theatre Cotniqnc is on Astf)r- 
 ])lace, close to Broadwaj' ; on the 
 same is also the Mercantile Library, 
 with fine reading-room, and 18(),(K)0 
 volumes. The Cooper Inntitnte, at 
 end of Astor-placs, between 3rd and 
 4th avenue, nud "th and 8th streets. 
 
 is a huge brown stone edifice. 
 Oj)posIteto it is the Bible Houtte, tbp 
 iio^i'i <niartcr5 (;f tno American and 
 Foreign IJibl) Society, and, next to 
 the Brit'sh, the largest in the world. 
 The Axtor Library Imilding, on 
 Lafayette-square, in the lloman- 
 esfiuo style, with over 2(X),(KK) 
 volumes, v/as founded and endowed 
 by J, J. Astf)r, an^l enlarged by his 
 son, W. B. Astor. It is open tlaily, 
 free of admission to everyone. 
 
 Broadway at llth-street bends 
 slightly to the west, and at this 
 point the fine fasade of Grace 
 Church, in white marble, projects 
 almost into the roadway. The 
 music during service is very fine, 
 and the interior most elaborately 
 decorated. Before reaching Union 
 Square, The Methodist Book Pnb- 
 lishiuy Company'.' building, and the 
 Star Theatre * will attract atten- 
 tion. The centre is occujiieil l)y 
 Union Park, well laid out with 
 gardens, shrubs, trees, and with a 
 fountain in the middle. It is 
 lighted by a ])owerful electric 
 lantern of six lights, suspended from 
 a high pole. Washi'.igton's statute, 
 ])y Browne, Lii.fayette's, by 
 Bartholdi, and another of Abraham 
 Lincoln, adorn the square. The 
 l)uildings around the square, many 
 of which are handsome, are occu- 
 pied l)y fine hotels and shops, as 
 also by some of the most fashionable 
 gambling rooms. The south-east 
 end is ()ccu])ied by the Union Sqtiarc 
 Theatre. Fast lith-street has the 
 buildings of .S'^r^'wKVfi/ Hall, Tammany 
 Hall, !nd the Academy of Music; 
 West Vlth-street, a number of hand- 
 some stores and otfices, and lith- 
 street Theatre (formerly Lyceum). 
 
 Broadway from Union-sciuare to 
 Madison-square has nothi g particu- 
 lar of note, except that it is a prin- 
 cipal shopping centre and prome- 
 nade for ladies. The latter S(juare is 
 another small park, lined on the 
 eastern and northern sides by fine 
 residential mansions. Statues of 
 Admiral Farragut, Monument to 
 Generals Worth and Seward adorn 
 the square, which is lighted by elec- 
 tricity at night in the same way as 
 Union-stpiare. It has also a hand- 
 some fountain which plays in sum- 
 mer. On the Broadway side are 
 some of the leading hotels, as also 
 Delmonico's celebrated up-town 
 
 I 
 
NEW YOKK. 
 
 139 
 
 as 
 
 Restaurant. The EJen Miix/e, with 
 an elaborately stuccoed front, is 
 near 6th-avenue, in 2.ir(l-.strcet, and 
 adjoining it is tho Miixonic Temple, 
 a large structure of granite, 155 feet 
 high. Its interior has many fine 
 rooms, and its large hall can seat 
 1,200 persons. On the samo street, 
 between 7th and 8th-st.reet, is a 
 building known as the Chehrn 
 Apartment House, which merits 
 attention. Ojiposite the 5th-avenue 
 Hotel is the Lanje Bronze Hand of 
 the colossal statue of Liberty 
 Lighting the World, presented by 
 the French to the people of the 
 United States, and now in course 
 of erection on Bedloe's Islan.I, in 
 New York Bay. It has been only 
 temporarily placed liere. Facing 
 the Worth Monument, at the junc- 
 tion of oth-avenue and Broadway, is 
 the building of the New York Club. 
 In 23rd-street vest, cf)rner of Hth- 
 avenue is the G vind Opera House, 
 one of the finest buildings in the 
 c'ty. The interior is very rich. 
 The performances are excellent, and 
 the accessories on a lavish scale. In 
 East 23rd-street, corner of 4th- 
 nvenue is the National Aea-^emy of 
 Design, a coi)y of a palace on the 
 Rialto in Venice in grey and white 
 marble and blue stone. Every 
 spring and summer exhibitions of 
 modern works of Araerioan artists 
 are held here (25 cents., fee). Oppo- 
 site this building is the Vounrf Men's 
 Christian Association, with reading- 
 room, library, &c. Continuing 
 from Madis6n-S(iuarc, Broadway 
 runs almost in a direct lino, with a 
 bend only at 49th-streefc, for about 
 two miles to the Central Park. In 
 this part ai'e a number of Ht)tels and 
 Theatres, such as Victoria, WaUacks, 
 Casino and Cosmopolitan 'I'heatres ; 
 the St. Cloud ami Kossmore Uotels, 
 and the French-flat buildings. The 
 Metropolitan Opera House, between 
 39th and 40th-streets, is said to have 
 the largest auditorium of any 
 theatre extant. The exterior is 
 without any pretension, whereas the 
 interior is very tastefully decorated, 
 and the stage is of great size. 
 Beyond 59th-street (Central Park), 
 Broadway is called T/ie Boulecard, 
 it continues to lG7th-street, and 
 beyond, to Carmansvillo and Man- 
 hattanville. Further North, are 
 Fort Waahinjton and Wash'.ngton 
 
 Heights, commanding a very exten- 
 sive and fine view. 
 
 Fourth • avenue, Ijetween 2.'Jr(l- 
 strcL't and Union - stpiaro, is a 
 centre for religious buildings. 
 *S7. PauVs (Methodist) is on the 
 corner of 22nd-street, a white marble 
 edifice ; lower down, are Calcarg 
 and All Souls, while on Stuyvcsanfi- 
 siiuare, East ItJth-stveet, i.'^ 
 St. Georges's, in the Byzantine style, 
 with two towers. The Orauierei/ 
 Fark is on 20th-street-east. 
 
 Fifth-avenue, the fashitmablc 
 th(n'(Highfare and residential 
 (juarter, begins at Washington 
 S(|uare, and runs to Syth-strecl 
 along the eastern side of Central 
 Park, up to Harlem. Whether, as 
 regards architectural beauty or 
 size of the residential mansions, 
 churches and hotels, lining it, or 
 luxury and refinement in their 
 interior, and taking into' account 
 also the very few years of its growth, 
 5th-avenue will im})ress visitor.^, 
 as comparing favourably with 
 London or Paris. The neighbour- 
 hood of Washington and Madison- 
 s(|uares are bL'ing fast invaded by 
 shops. 
 
 Tlie Unicrrsifif nf Ne't Fwrt, at the 
 l)eg;nnini,' of oth-avenue, and east 
 corner of Washington-scjuare, is a 
 large Gothic building in white 
 marble. The Chispci is fine. It was 
 founded iu ls:{l, un I is nr,\v fre- 
 quented by iibout (.(•() students. It 
 is chiefly :he:ilogical instituticm. 
 Adjoining ii is a large Methodist 
 Church. . From Vv":;shnmtoji-s'|uare 
 to 8th-street are mirv fine huusci^. 
 the former residencet^ (f New York 
 merchiint princes. The.v a re nov 
 becoming altered into shoj's. Many 
 old families, however, still reside 
 here, and in the handsome br ick 
 and marble laiildings on Wat-l ug- 
 ton-square. At the corner of Uh- 
 street is i\ip, Brevoort House, one « f 
 the best houses in America, exten- 
 sively visited by the better class 
 of Euroi;ean trave.lers ; itscuiin 
 is especially and deservedly famoo. 
 Opi)osite is the tine marble residence 
 of Mr. J. Taj'lor .Johnson, with its 
 picture gallery (adraissicai only by 
 cards, obtained through a personal 
 friend). The Church of Ascension, 
 on 10th, and First Preshyteriaii 
 Church, on 11th streets, are the next 
 buildings of note. Tho " Manhattan 
 
 \ 
 
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 1'i 
 
 
 1 
 
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 f'i 
 
 
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 ] 'I I 
 
 tli! 
 
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 140 
 
 T3!JAl)SirA\V S I'XITf.D STATKS. 
 
 Clith," the Democratic head-qtiarters 
 is oil the corner of loth-street. A 
 short (listaTice (lo\\ii this street is 
 the C ilfpf/e fif St. Fraucin Xavier, the 
 Jesuit hea(l-'|uarters in the States. 
 Close to it is the buiUlinj? of tbe 
 New York Jloajtifal. In Kast IT.a- 
 strect arc tlie rooms of the Cenfi(ri/ 
 Cliih, the i)rinci])al hterary and nn^ 
 of the most exclusive of Auierican 
 clubs. ('hicJrn'U'f Jfaff, oil the 
 corner of I8th-strcet ; the I'liiou Club, 
 on corner of 21st-street, an(loi)i)osite 
 it the Lofo.i Chib are all noteworthy 
 huildinffs, KtKPillerx Art Gallery 
 is on the corner of 22n(I-strect. 
 I'assinj? Maflison-sf|uare the resi- 
 dential quarter be,<?ius, and ii]) to 
 Central Park it may be described as 
 the most aristocratic, or rather 
 ])lut:)cratic street in America. 
 Several of the churches are worthy 
 of attention. On iliO north-east cor- 
 ner of 31st-street is the Knickerhokcr 
 Club. At the eastern extreniitv of 
 East 2Hth street is the lielh' ' Via' 
 ]I()>:pital, accommodatinj? l,20(t 
 })atLents, and the lartifest, in the town. 
 At the corner of 3ith-streot is 
 Steu'tirt'x Paldcr, a larjro wliite ni:»r- 
 l)le structure, S])leudidly decorated 
 and furnished. The picture-jjallery, 
 now in jjossessionof his widow, can 
 bo seen on a|>])lyinvr by letter to 
 Mrs. Stewart. On 3ith-street, cor- 
 ner of 9th-avenue, is the vast edifice 
 of the Neic York lK»titi(tinn for the 
 lil'niil, in white marble, with turrets 
 atid l)attlements. The corner of .'j.'ith- 
 street and 7th-avenue is the Stnti' 
 Ar»pii(ily the head-ciuarters of the 
 Ordinance Department of the State. 
 On 3(i-strect, corner of 9th-avenue, 
 is the fjfothic edifice of the Northern 
 lytxpemary. On 31th-street, 2 blocks 
 east of 6tli-a venue, commences Park 
 Avenue, 14()-feet wide. It lias little 
 plots of shrubs and trees, lined on 
 each side with beautiful residential 
 houses. Several churches are here 
 worthy of note. The corner of 4th- 
 avenue and 82nd-street is occupied 
 by the Iron Workitip Women's Home, 
 now an hotel. It was erected by 
 Mr. Stewart to admit shopgirls and 
 other female cmjiloyes, and its 
 courtyard is quite uni(iue. In 5th- 
 a venue, we pass two other churches. 
 At tbo corner of 39th-street is the 
 handsome buildinfjof the Union Leo- 
 (jiie Club. The VnirerHitif Clitb is on 
 the corner of 35th-strcct. At 4<'th- 
 
 stroet, is the Great Jtei^ervoir of the 
 New York Waterworks, occupyini? 
 two blocks, covcrinj; an area of four 
 acres, and holdintr 23,(JOO,0()0 gallons. 
 On the top is a i)romenade -whence 
 nn extensive view is o])tained — and 
 to this the public are admitted. On 
 the other side, and facing 6th- 
 avenue, is a little park. In 42nd- 
 street, two squares east of 5th- 
 aveiiue, is the Grand Central Depot, 
 an enormous edifice of bricks, cover- 
 ing three acres. It has several 
 domes. The corner of 5th-avenue 
 and 43rd-strcets is occupied by the 
 Temjile Emimiiiui. — the chief Syna- 
 gogue. It is in Mauresque stjde — 
 Avith a gorgeously decorated in- 
 terior— whicli conveys a good notion 
 of Oriental magnificence. On the 
 corner of 4(itl!-strcct is the beautiful 
 H'inifsor llolit, one of the verj' best, 
 but also ex])ensive, of American 
 hotels. The Dutch Collegiate Church 
 is on the corner of 48th-street, and 
 is a very costly structure. On 
 41)th-street, near Madison-avenue, 
 are the buildings of Columbia 
 CoUr()e, which Avas chartered as 
 King's College, in 1754, by George 
 II. of England, and is the oldest 
 and richest in the State. The 
 Church of St. Patrick, or Roman 
 Catholic Cathedral — a decorated Go- 
 thic building in Avhite marble — is 
 the largest church in the city, and 
 one of the finest on the Continent. 
 It occujiies the entire block betAveen 
 r>l)th and 51st streets. The Curd nal'^ 
 Palace and clergyhouse — also of 
 Avhite marble— are at the back of tlie 
 cathedral, facing Madison-aA'enue. 
 The towers of the cathedral will be 
 328 feet liigh. The handscmie resi- 
 dential i)a laces betAveen 51st and 
 52nd streets are the Vaialerbilt 
 Palaces — surpassing Stewart's in 
 size, beauty, and splendour of in- 
 terior decorations. Opposite these is 
 the lioman Catholic Orphan Asylum, 
 built under the Tammany Ring 
 rcf/ime. On the upper corner of 
 52nd-street is the W. K. Vanderbilt 
 Avhite marble palace. At the corner 
 of 53rd-street is St. Thomas Church 
 (Kpisco]ml), and St. Luke's Hospital, 
 one of the notcAA'orthy structures in 
 tlie aA'enue is at the corner < f. 54th- 
 ftreet. At 55th-street is the Ffth 
 Avenue Presbyterian Church ( Dr. 
 Hall's), the largest church of that 
 sect in thcAvorld. At the north-west 
 
NEW YORK. 
 
 141 
 
 L 
 
 cornor of ;"»7Mi-siroct is the fine resi- 
 dence of the late Mr. Cornelius Van- 
 <lerbilt. At 59th-strcct the Central 
 Park l)e;rius. Facinj? the park, and 
 still on Sth-avcnne—and ocon]).vinpr 
 the block between 70th and "71st 
 streets — is the Lennox LiJinirrf, en- 
 dowed, erected, and ])resente(l to the 
 city by the lute James Lennox. It 
 has very valuable collections— es- 
 pecially ni inuscripts, ]n"intcd l)ook8, 
 etc., relrttinir to early American his- 
 tory. The Prrxhi/fpflan Hot^pitnl — 
 close by — w;iS als) founded by Mr. 
 liCnnox. Alonj^ th's jiart of 5th- 
 nvenue a number of handsome dwel- 
 lin'jf-honso? hive l)ocn erected lately. 
 Normdl Colifiiff — on the corner of 
 4th-a venue anUtOfcli-street— isa hujre 
 huildins' in Gothic architecture, with 
 a hit?h tower, yiomit Morris Square, 
 with its hill, coniminb^. boiutiful 
 views, a.Tid is l)etW(<o:i I20th and 
 121st streets. The oth-avenue ex- 
 tends to Harlem, and is lined with 
 handsome villas and j^ardens. 
 
 Central Park is 2^ miles Ion;?, by 
 ahout a mUe wide ,and covers an 
 area of 813 acres. For drivin<^ 
 about 9 miles of road are available 
 in it, 4 miles of ridinijc paths and 
 and perhaps 25 miles of walks. To 
 avoid danger, intersecticms of linos 
 of travel are made by archway, and 
 in other respects every effort has 
 heen made to preserve its natural 
 features. Every variety of tree and 
 shrub has been ])lantod, and this 
 process is baina; continued each 
 year. Tho ])ark may bo roiched by 
 the f]levatel Rail\v:iy linos, l)y 
 tramways, or by what is the host 
 means of all of s?o;u; it, a private 
 carria,<j:c. Tt is one oFthc birgjst and 
 flnest])arks in tlie w(n'ld,])cing rec- 
 tanc^uiar in shape, extondinuf from 
 69th to lioth street, and from 5th to 
 8th avenues ; 18 entrances load into 
 it, and the four streets crossiu'^ it are 
 covered over by archways. The 
 Mull bej^ins near 5tli-a\^enuo. It is 
 a promenade, vunninsj: north and 
 south, and terminatintj at its nortli 
 end by the Terrace ; it is nearly a 
 quarter of a mile long, bordered on 
 eitlier siflo by law'us, and a (lou])lo 
 row of elnrji ; this is the principal 
 promenade, carriage drive of New 
 York. On Saturday afternof)ns 
 the music plays in tlie Kiosk, at the 
 northern end. A number of fine 
 bronze statues and groups atlorn 
 
 this esplanade, the most noteworthy 
 heing " The Indian and Uis Dog,'' 
 near the southern entrance. On 
 fine afternoons this jiresents a sight 
 not to bo seen elsewhere ii» the 
 States. The Terrace is a series of 
 steps, leading from the Mall to the 
 border of the main lake, and is an 
 imposing specimen of architecture. 
 Between the terrace and the lake is 
 the Fountain, with huge basins, and 
 an enormous statue of the Angel of 
 Bethesda. A nund)er of pleasure 
 boats are kej)t on the Central Lake, 
 which may be hired for a trifie. 
 West of the Mall is the Green, a 
 broad lawn covering 15 acres, and 
 used as a i)arade ground. Near the 
 hend of the Mall is the Casino, on an 
 eminence, wdiero refreshtnents can 
 be had. The Ramble, covering 'MS 
 acres, is b.^tween the Central Lake 
 and the Receiving Reservoirs, and 
 has a Tuimber of shady ^vnlks. On 
 the highest point stands the liehe- 
 dere, with a lofty tower, whence 
 there is an extensive view. To the 
 North, on Vista Hill, is the old 
 Croton Reservoir, covering 31 acres, 
 aiul holding 15(),()lX),(K)() gallons. 
 Al)ove that is the New Reservoir, 
 holding 1,000,000,000 gallons and 
 covering 108 acres. The curved 
 shoi'es are lined with stone walls of 
 immense thickness. The part higher 
 u{) and behind these reservoirs is 
 less artifically embellished, but has 
 more natural beauties. At the end 
 is ILtrlem Lake with some traces of 
 fortifications on its southern shore. 
 At the 5fch-aveniie entrance, opposite 
 t>5th-streot, is tho Menagerie, or 
 Z()olo(]i<-al Garden-i, and on the same 
 side, opnosite 82nd-street, is the 
 Metropolitan Museum of Art. West 
 of it stands Cleopatra'' s Needle, or 
 Obelisk, i^resented Ijy Ismail, 
 Khedive of Egypt, to the town, and 
 l)rouglit here and erected at the 
 exj)onse of the late Mr. W. H. 
 Vanderbilt. It is in a good state 
 of preservation. On the west side 
 and on Manhattan-sciuare (77th to 
 81st streets) is the American Museum 
 of Natural History, with a very 
 extensive collection (admission free 
 Mondays and Tuesdays excepted.) 
 Carriages can bo had at several of 
 the entrances to Central Park at 
 the usual rate of 2 dols. ])er hour, 
 and the circuit can be made within 
 that time. The park is open daily. 
 
142 
 
 HRADSHAW .S UNITED STATES. 
 
 
 i^,;i 
 
 ill 
 
 in winter from 7 a.m. to 8 p.m.; in 
 sprinj^ from 6 a.m. to "J p.m., in 
 summer from 5 a.m. till 11 p.m., and 
 in autumn 6 to 9 p.m. The fashion- 
 able hour for driviiif? is from -1 to 6 
 p.m. At the Place du Carousel 
 open air concerts are given in sum- 
 mer at 1 p.m. 
 
 When in this part of the town the 
 visitor should not fail to inspect 
 High Bridge, across Harlem River. 
 It is solidly built of granite, and 
 the water of the Croton Aqueduct 
 is carried over it. It spans in one 
 single arch the Avhole width of the 
 valley and river, is 1,450 feet long 
 and 114 feet high. A view from 
 here of the city and suri'oundings 
 will amply repay. 
 
 The public charitable and other 
 institutions of New York are mostly 
 situated on the island in the East 
 River, and deserve si)ecial notice. 
 On BlackwelV 8 Island are the Work- 
 house, Penitentiary, Uliud Asylum, 
 Almshouse, Female Lunatic Asylum, 
 Small Pox and Typhus Fecer Hos- 
 pital, Convalescent and Hospital for 
 Incurables. These are all built of 
 granite, quarried in the island by 
 convicts. North of the island is the 
 celebrated Hell Gate,\ong a terror to 
 mariners, but now comparatively 
 easy of passage. Ward's Island has 
 the Emigrant Hospital, Drunkard's 
 and Male Lunatic Asylums. The 
 Idiot Asylum, House of Refuge,and 
 Infant Nursery, Hospital, etc., 
 mostly for destitute children and 
 Ijrovided by the City Corporation. 
 The Commissioners of Public 
 Charities, corner of 3rd-avenue and 
 llth-street, grant permission to visit 
 these islands on application (best by 
 letter) . 
 
 Among the educational establish- 
 ments not already mentioned are 
 further: The College of the City of 
 Neto York, corner of Lexington- 
 avenue and 23rd-8treet; the Neto 
 York College of Physicians and Sur- 
 geons, in West 15th-streot, between 
 5th and 6th avenue ; liellevne Hos- 
 pital Medical College, East 26th. 
 street ; University College, in Worth- 
 street, near Church-street ; Homoeo- 
 pathic Medical College, 105, East 
 20th-8treet ; JVew York Academy of 
 Medicine, in mew York University, 
 College of Pharmacy, at the same 
 Medical College for Women, 102 East 
 12th-street, and a great many others. 
 
 The Lunatic Asylum, at Blooming- 
 dale, between 115th and 12i)th streets 
 and 10th and llth avenues ; the New 
 York Orphan Asylum, on the Hudsoix 
 River,73rd nnd 74th streets; the Deaf 
 and Dumb Asylum, on Washington 
 Heights; the iice Points House of 
 Industry, in Worth-street, really a 
 house of reformation arc prominent 
 charitable institutions, besides a 
 great number of others of minor 
 importance. 
 
 Greenwood Cemetery (see Brook- 
 lyn) should certainly be visited as it 
 will give the tourist an idea of the 
 beauty of American burial grounds. 
 They are quite unique, and unlike 
 anything to be seen in Europe. 
 
 Excursions may ])e made from 
 New Y^ork to Sfateii Island, the 
 scenery of which is very beautiful. 
 Richmond the capital, and iVew 
 Brighton, a summer sea bathing 
 town, are the principal places. 
 Tramways traverse the island. 
 Cli/ton is another. One mile south- 
 east of it is Fort Wordea-orth, which 
 is a very strong fortification. Forts 
 Columbus and Castle William, on 
 Governor' s Island ,nenv the above.nro 
 also woi'th a visit. Others to Coney 
 Island, Brighton Beach, W^est 
 Brighton, Manhattan Beach, Rock- 
 away Beach, Long Branch, Brook- 
 lyn, "Williamsburg, Hoboken, Jersey 
 City, Newark, and several points on 
 Long Island are described elsewhere 
 separately. 
 
 Reached by steamer, from Liver- 
 pool, in 7 or 8 days. 
 
 Niagara Falls {N'ew York).— 
 Niagara bounty; population (1880), 
 5,0-48. 
 
 Hotels : The Clifton and Prospect 
 House on the Caledonian side ; the 
 Cataract, the International, the 
 Spencer and Park Place Hotel on 
 the American side. Prices from 
 3 dols. to 4 dols. per day. 
 
 Conveyances : Carriages at 2 dols. 
 per hour. But the tourist is advised 
 to make an agreement, which he may 
 do at even a lower rate. Extor- 
 tion is much practiced. But all the 
 principal points are within walking 
 distance and easily accessible. Tolls 
 and fees are levied to repay the out- 
 lay on the grounds, etc. 
 
 Tourist and Excursion Agents : 
 Thos. Cook & Son, in Clifton House. 
 
NIAGARA FALLS — NORFOLK. 
 
 143 
 
 > 
 
 ^w 
 
 The river cnnnectin.!? Lake Ontario 
 with Lake Erie is about 36 miles 
 long, and flows in a northern direc- 
 tion. The P'alLs are about 22 miles 
 from Lake Erie, and 1-4 from Lake 
 Ontario. The enoi'mous volume of 
 water, the outflow of the four upper 
 lakes, here falls perpendicularly 
 from a height of over 16() feet. The 
 river is at this point 4,700 feet wide, 
 of which space Goat Island occupies 
 about a quarter. The roar of the 
 falls may at times be heard at a dis- 
 tance of over 10 miles. A.t others no 
 noise proclaims the close vicinity of 
 the cataract. The principal volume 
 of water is on the Canadian side, 
 owing to a curve in the river. This 
 is named the horseshoe fall, and is 
 every year becoming less and less, 
 owing to the wearing away of the 
 rocky bed. It has now nearly the 
 forni of an acute angle. The rapids 
 commence about a mile above the 
 falls. It has been estimated that the 
 volume of water falling evei'y hour 
 amounts to over 100,()00,(KH) tons. 
 The declivity from the beginning of 
 the rapids to the brink of the preci- 
 pice is 57 feet. The enormous volume 
 of water is compressed in the chasm 
 to a width less than 1,0(X) feet. For 
 7 miles Ijelow the falls the river bed 
 continues at a varying width of 2(X) 
 to 4<J0 yards. The Canadian side 
 presents the best view. But Bath 
 Island, if visited at sunrise, will 
 afford a view which can hardly be 
 surpassed. Other points of vantage 
 are Goat Island, the little bridge 
 across the rapids, Chapin's Island, 
 Luna Island, Cave of the Winds, and 
 Three Sisters, Other places of 
 interest in and around the falls are 
 Hermit's Bathing Place, Chippewa 
 and Navy Island, Schlosser landing, 
 . Grand Island, Prospect Park, the 
 Suspension Bridge, Cantilever 
 Bridge, and New Suspension Bridge. 
 The Museum on the Canadian side 
 has a large collection. Visitors 
 should not fail to visit the passage 
 under the Horseshoe Fall. But 
 wherever the visitor goes and what- 
 ever he sees, high fees are demanded. 
 This spoils the enjoyment of a grand 
 Bight to many. 
 
 Termination Rock is a little beyond 
 Table Rock. The spray of the 
 waters is here blinding. Prince of 
 Wales Towers offers a fine view, 
 and two miles above are the Burn- 
 
 ing Springs (suli)hurotted hydrogen 
 gas). The Whirlpool Ra])ids, the 
 Whirlpool, Lewiston.Queenston, with 
 Brock's M(mument and Drummonds- 
 ville, are places of interest in the 
 environs of the falls. 
 
 It is calculated that the differ- 
 ent fees exacted to visit each 
 and all the points of interest 
 amount to almost 15 dols. This 
 is really exorbitant. The blame 
 attaching to the Government of the 
 State for permitting this levying of 
 tolls, fees, etc., is universally ex- 
 pressed. 
 
 Reached byNew YorV t'eroral and 
 Hudson River Railway, ^rom New 
 York, fid Albany and Rochester, in 
 > 15 hours. 
 
 Norfolk (rjr(7iM;</).— Scat of Norfolk 
 County ; population (1880), 21,966. 
 
 Hotels: Atlantic, Purcell.- 
 
 AmuKements : Opera House, with 
 
 1,500 seats ; Academy of Music, 
 
 with 500 seats. 
 
 Conceyances : Tramways. 
 
 Pout and Telegraph Offices: On 
 Main-street, in the Custom House. 
 
 An irregularly-built town, and a 
 port of entry (m Dismal Swamp 
 Bay and Elizabeth River. It is 
 pleasantly situated, about 32 miles 
 from the ocean. It is the second 
 city in Virginia in size and popula- 
 tion, but in commerce suri)assesthe 
 capital, Richmond. It is the third 
 cotton shipping port in the Union. 
 Early fruit, vegetables, oysters, 
 fish, etc., etc., are shipped here in 
 large Cjuantities to the noithcrn 
 ports. The streets are generally 
 wide, and the houses well built. 
 The Cify Hall is a handsome Imild- 
 ing, with a cupola. The Custom 
 House is also imposing, the Ma- 
 sonic Temple, Norfolk Academy, Col' 
 lege for Young Ladies, Academy of 
 Music, and several of the churches 
 are handsome buildings. The two 
 cemeteries of the town are very 
 tastefully laid out. The town was 
 founded in 1C82, incorporated in 
 1705, and burnt by the British in 
 1770. It played an im])ortant role 
 during the Civil War. In the Bay 
 the engagement between the Con- 
 federate Virginia and the Federal 
 Monitor took place. At Old Point 
 Comfort, on the opposite side of the 
 
144 
 
 BRADSHAW 8 UNITED STATKS. 
 
 I! li 
 
 ^ 
 
 1 
 I 
 
 M 
 
 I' 
 
 
 i ■ 
 
 iii 
 
 Bay, is an hotel which is used as a 
 winter residence. 
 
 Reached Ijy Richmond, Frede- 
 ricksburg, and Potomac Railway, 
 from Wasliington, via Richmond, in 
 10 hours. 
 
 Norristown {PennKylanv<i).~'AGn.t 
 of Montgomery County ; population 
 (1880), 13,00*. 
 
 ILtti'h : Farmers, Verandah 
 Ramb;), Mcmtgomcry, Windsor. 
 
 A thriving manufacturing town, 
 on the Schuylkill River is hand- 
 somely ])uilt. It has several fine 
 buildings, the i)rincipal being the 
 white mirble Court Home. The 
 Music Hall can seat 1,200, and Odd 
 Fellows' Hall, 600 peoi)le. Otherwise 
 little of interest. 
 
 Reached by Pennsylvania Rad- 
 way, from Philadelphia, in 
 hours. 
 
 -a 
 
 Worth- Adams {Massachnitetti) .— 
 Berkshire County ; population 
 (1880), 12,5i0. 
 
 Hotels : Richmond, Ballow, Com- 
 mercial, Wilson. 
 
 A busy manufacturing town, es- 
 pecially in the boot and shoe line. 
 Extensive cotton spinning, weaving, 
 and printing mills exist in the town 
 and its environs. The surrounding 
 country is extremely picturesque, 
 and very interesting excursions can 
 be made to Natural Bridge, Profile 
 Rock, the Cascade, and tbe Hoosac 
 Tunel. 
 
 Reached by Boston and Albany 
 Railway, from Boston, cat Pittstield, 
 in U hours. 
 
 W orthampton (Maufxichnsettx). — 
 Seat of Hampshire County j i)opu- 
 lation (1880), 12,800. 
 
 Hotels : Mansion, Hampshire, 
 Nonotuck, Round Hill. 
 
 Situated on the Connecticut River, 
 this town is said to be the most 
 beautiful village in America. It is 
 extensively engaged in the manu- 
 facture of silk, cotton, paper,cutlery, 
 buttons, etc., and has an important 
 commerce. It is irregularly laid out 
 and the streets al)ouinl in tine shady 
 trees. Even the business porticms 
 have to a certain extent preserved 
 their original nitural and rural 
 
 boauty. The Public LiLntri/ is in ti 
 fine building and has above 12,(X)0 
 volinnes. The Meiuoriul Hall con- 
 nected with the above. Institution 
 for iJeaf Mutes, liounJ Hill ; th3 
 Lunatic Asylum, are all of interest. 
 The princij)al building is the Smith 
 (Jolleijefor Women, witlia (Talleryof 
 Pictures and Statues, lioth gifts of 
 rich citizens. In the environs ara 
 several pvnnts of grcit natural 
 beauty. 
 
 Reached by Newhavenand North- 
 amj)ton Railway, from Newhiven, 
 in 2J hours. 
 
 Norwich (Co««ft7V?<0.— New Lon- 
 don Cjuuty; population (1880), 
 21, Ul. 
 
 Hotels : American, Metropolitan, 
 Union Scjuare, Wauregan, Uncaa 
 House. 
 
 A l)0:iutiful town on the Thamea 
 River, at the junction of Yantick 
 and Shetucket Rivers. It is laid out 
 in wide aven\ies, bordered with trees, 
 and built ui)on terraces. The build- 
 ings are all substautisil and some are- 
 very fine. Main-street is the leading 
 business.and Washington-street and 
 Broadway the principal residential 
 ([uarter of the town. It has a large 
 amount of capital invested in manu- 
 facturing, especially in worsted, 
 cotton, printing ])resses, paper, hard- 
 ware, tire arms, etc. The chief 
 building of interest is the Park Con- 
 (jregationul Church, and Christ 
 Church, with its ivy clad walls is. 
 also fine. The F e Academy is near 
 the Parade and is .n imposing build- 
 ing. In the Yuntic Cemetery are 
 some monuments. In the old bury- 
 ing gi'ound in Sachem-street is an 
 obelisk marking the grave of Uncas, 
 Near the town, at Mohe(jan,iXYQ still 
 some of the descendants of Feni- 
 more Cooper's heroes. The water- 
 falls in the Yantic have been de- 
 stroyed in order to obtain water 
 power. 
 
 Reached by New York and New 
 England Railway from New York 
 in io hours. 
 
 Oakland {Califom'a). —Alameda 
 County; population (18S0), 34,556. 
 
 Hotels : Grand Central, Newland, 
 Centennial, Tubbs, Galindo, Chase, 
 Windsor. 
 
 li 
 
NORRISTOWN — OMAHA. 
 
 Ul 
 
 I 
 
 AtnuHetnoih : The O.ikUmd Opera 
 Garden, Dietz Hull. 
 
 Convei/iiHCPH .- Ferries t > San Fran- 
 cisco ; tramways in the town. 
 
 A beautiful and \vell-l)uilt to\v;i, 
 situated on San Francisco Uiy, 
 opposite San Francisco, of which it 
 is really a suburb, Tho drives and 
 scenery in and about the town are 
 very beautiful. Many of tho Sau 
 Francisco merchants liave their 
 residences here. The live Oak, to 
 which it owes its name, is the pre- 
 dominant tree in its avenues and 
 streets, which are delit?htfully 
 shaded. It is lamous for its ecbic.r- 
 tional establishments, foremost 
 among' which is the State Unicrrsiti/. 
 A pier 2^ miles long into the bay is 
 at Oakland Point. There is also an 
 A»ylnm for the Deaf, Dniiifj and JJlind, 
 and several other noteworthy l)aild- 
 ings. 
 
 Reached hy forvy, from San 
 Francisco, in ^ hour. 
 
 Ogden {Utah).— Seat of Weber 
 County; po])ulation (18S0), 5,313. 
 
 Hotels: 0;?den, Union, Utih, 
 Beardsley, Junction, Globe, City. 
 
 It is a halting place for tourists 
 going to Salt Lake City. It is situ- 
 ated at the junction of the Weber 
 and Ogden Rivers, and at the mouth 
 of the Ogden Canyon, a. deep gorge. 
 It is fairly well built, is mostly 
 inhabited by Mormons, and has 
 some manufacture? of farming and 
 mining implements. It is rapidly 
 improving. The Union Pacific and 
 Centi'al Pacific have engine-houses 
 and repairing shops in the town. 
 The station is nearly half a mile from 
 the business part of the town and 
 hotels. Three railways here inter- 
 sect. It has several churches, a 
 Tabernacle, accommodating 2,000 
 people, an Opera House, and several 
 large halls. 
 
 Reached by Atchison, Topeka and 
 Sunta Fe Railway, from Kansas 
 City, in 56 hours, old Puebla. 
 
 Ogdensburg {New York). — St. 
 Lawrence County; population (1880), 
 10,340. 
 
 Hotels: Seymor, Johnson, Wind- 
 sor, Commercial, National. 
 
 This handsome t iwii is situated on 
 the St, Ijiwreuce Rivi'rat thi'ju >utli 
 of the Oswegitchie River aud oi)pii- 
 sito Prescott Canal ; has ferry con- 
 necti(»n with ojipositc shore, and 
 several railways convor^v here. A 
 fine Opera ]linti*e, a Li/cr-Kiii, and 
 several lirge halls. Tiie Gallnpe* 
 Rapids and liapide dc PI it are close 
 to the town. It has some manufac- 
 tures and a thriving coniinerco. 
 
 Reiched by Xew York, Sus(iue- 
 hanua and Western Railwaj', front 
 New Ycu'k, cid Patei'son, in 2Ji 
 hours. 
 
 Oil City (Ppinisi/h'ania). — Venango 
 County; population (IMSO), O.H^U. 
 
 Hotels ; Collins, National, 
 
 Tayku-, 
 
 The centre and head-(iuarters of 
 the I'etroleum Oil producing 
 country. Situated at the 'contlu- 
 euco of Oil Creek, 
 Allegheny River, and 
 built. It was founded 
 is only interesting to the tourist on 
 account of the various pumping, 
 refining, gauging, barrelling, and 
 shii)ping processes of the raw petro- 
 leum. Neither the eye nor nose will 
 be agreeably impressed thereby. 
 There is an Opera House, with 1,500 
 seats, and several buildings of 
 minor importance. 
 
 Reached by Pennsylvania and 
 Ohio Railway, from St Louis, cici 
 Meadville, in 1(J hours. 
 
 with the 
 irregularly 
 in 18U0. It 
 
 Olympia.— Capital of Washingfon 
 Territory and seat of Thurston 
 County; population (1880), 2,373. 
 
 Hotels: Carlton, St.Charles,Paciflc, 
 New England, 
 
 Attractively situated on Puget 
 Sound, and connected by Railway. 
 It is a sporting centre, and conse- 
 quently much visited by fishermen, 
 huntsmen, etc. Its surroundings, 
 afford sport of the most exciting- 
 kmd. Little else to interest the 
 tourist. 
 
 Reached by Olympia and Chekalis 
 Valley Railway, from Tenino, in 
 three-quarters of an hour. 
 
 Omaha (Nebrashr). — Seat of 
 Doufflas Comity ; population (1880), 
 30,835. 
 
 ; 
 
 
146 
 
 I3RADSHAW S UNITKD STATES. 
 
 li; 
 
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 I. 
 
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 111 
 
 Hoteh: (.'ozzcus, Millard, Paxton, 
 iletruijolitau. 
 
 AmuxeHifufn: Opera House, with 
 1,800 seats; Academy of Music; 
 Creighton's, Masonic and Myer's 
 Halls. 
 
 Cowpt/ancej i 
 dircctif)!!. 
 
 Tramways in every 
 
 Poxf and Ti'lr/jraph Office. Corner 
 of Dodge and 15th streets. 
 
 Situated opposite Council Bluffs, 
 on the Missouri River. Largest 
 town in Nel)raska and of the 
 Missouri River Valley. It is rej?u. 
 larly la id-out, wjII built, and lighted 
 with gas and electricity. It stands 
 partly on level ground along the 
 river, in svliich are the business 
 houses and stores, and partly on 
 high bluffs, mostly occupied by 
 residences. It has received its 
 impetus from the construction of 
 the several railway lines to the 
 P.ic'itic coast, ami is, though a very 
 young town, thriving fast. There 
 are several churches ; and the 
 High School Jiuildinj/ is one of the 
 finest in tho States.' BoyiVs Opera 
 JIoHgp is also line, and has an ele- 
 gant interior. The most important 
 edifice is the Court House, with 
 post office annexed. Most of these 
 buildings are situated upon hills 
 over-looking the town. The Dow/hts 
 County Court House is also note- 
 worthy. The Union Pacific Offices 
 of Direction and railway station 
 are handsome and costly ; and 
 the Offices of the Chicago, liur- 
 lington and Qulncg Railway are 
 very extensive. 
 
 The town has an extensive com- 
 merce and numerous manufactures, 
 chiefly of agricultural and mining 
 implements. There are large 
 smelting and refining works here. 
 Breweries, distilleries, etc., are also 
 numerous and important. The 
 workshops of the Union Pacific 
 Railway cover over 30 acres below 
 the town. The "Waterworks 
 system is excellent. Fort Omaha 
 is four miles distant. The town 
 of Omaha h is a great future. 
 
 Reached by Chicago, Milwaukee 
 and St. Paul Railway, from Chicago, 
 via Cedar Rapids, in 22 hours. 
 
 Oregon (///?mo/.v).— Seat of Ogle 
 County ; population, 2,000, 99 miles 
 
 from Chicago, on the Burlington 
 route. 
 
 Hotels: Sinnissijjpi House, Amer- 
 ican House. 
 
 Bankers: Ogle County Bank. 
 
 Medical: Dr. Chapiiel, Dr. Mix. 
 
 The town is situated on the Rock 
 River, and is becoming noted for its 
 picturesque scenery, and as a quiet, 
 unpretentious summer resort. 
 ** Gan^-mede Spring " — a medicinal 
 spring of considerable therapeutic 
 virtue, " Indian Mound," "Castle 
 Rock," " The Three Sisters," " Her- 
 mit Hollow" and "Eagle's Nest 
 Bluff," are the i)rincipal points of 
 interest. Ganymede Spring and 
 Eagle's Nest Bluff, were both 
 named by the famous authoress, 
 Margaret Fuller, Countess D'Ossoli, 
 and the former is the spot on which 
 she wrote her spirited poem "Gany- 
 niede to his Eagle." Good fishing 
 may ]>e had at Oregon, Black Bass, 
 l)ickerel, salmon, shail and carp be- 
 ing foimd in al)undance in the 
 waters of the Rock River. 
 
 Oswego {New I'orJfc).— Seat of Os- 
 wego County; popuhition (1880), 
 21,117. 
 
 Hotels : Hamilton, Lake Shore, 
 Doolittle House. 
 
 Bankers : First National Bank. 
 
 Medical: Dr. Eddy, Dr. Dewitt, 
 Dr. Dowd. 
 
 Situated on Lake Ontario and at 
 the mouth of Oswego River (divid- 
 ing it in two equal parts), and 
 Oswego Canal. It is a great rail- 
 way centre. It is the largest and 
 handsomest town on Lake Ontario, 
 and has an extensive commerce. 
 Here the well-known Oswego flour 
 and starch are made. Foundries, 
 iron works and other manufac- 
 tories are numerous. Kingsford's 
 Osu-ego Starch Factory is celebrated 
 throughout the world, and is per- 
 haps the largest in existence. The 
 river is spanned by three iron 
 drawbridges, and the streets are 
 wide, straight, and lined with 
 many fine buildings. The resi- 
 dential parts are well shaded. The 
 County Court House, Custom House 
 and Post Office, City Hall, City 
 Library and State Armoury, are 
 among the most striking buildings. 
 
01!K(.0X — I'AIXKSVILLE. 
 
 147 
 
 TUo Aciidemy of Miotic, with 1,(MH) 
 80. its, is a Hno editice. Sevenil 
 schools, churches and jirivate hiiihl- 
 ings will interest the visitor. Two 
 parks, one on each side of the 
 river, are favourite ijronicnades. 
 They are rtrell laid-out and shided. 
 There is a fort in the vicinity. 
 
 Reached ])y Delaware, LaL-ka- 
 wanna and Western Railway from 
 New York, via iJiughanipton, iu \'i\ 
 hours. 
 
 Ottawa {Illinoin). — Seat of Lasalle 
 Cjunty; population (18H0), lO.oOtJ. 
 
 Hotels: Clifton, St. Ni holas, 
 White, Ottawa. 
 
 A manufacturing town situated on 
 the Illinois River and Illinois and 
 Michigan Uanal. Its manufactories 
 are principally connectetl with the 
 building ami provision trades. The 
 t )\vn has gas and is well laid out. 
 Thj principal buildings are -County 
 C)ui't House, I'rison or Jail, and 
 United States Court House. The 
 Opera House is large for the size of 
 the town. The Fox River Falls 
 (iJ'.l feet) afford cheap water power, 
 which is utilized by name ro us manu- 
 factories. It is a centre of tho wheat 
 tz'ade. 
 
 Reached by Chicago, Burlington, 
 and Quincy Rjiilway, from Chicago, 
 via Aurora, iu 3 hours. 
 
 Ottumwa {Iowa). — Seat of Wappello 
 County; population (18S0), lo.isl. 
 
 Hotels: Ballingall, Baker, Revere. 
 
 Advantageously situated on tho 
 Desmoines River. It is a town of 
 recent growth, but is the largest 
 betweou the Mississippi and Missouri 
 Rivers on the line of the Chicago, 
 Burlington and Quincy Railway. It 
 is an important railway centre and 
 has exteusive agricultural interests. 
 There are also some manuf .ictories, 
 driven mostly by water power. It 
 has two Opera Housea, one with 
 1,500 seats, and some pul)lic build- 
 ings of note. The Des Moines River 
 is crossed here by a handson. }. sus- 
 pension bridge. The surrounding 
 country consists of very fertile 
 prairie land and is dotted over with 
 forests of hard woods. 
 
 Reached by the Chicago, Burling- 
 ton and Quincy Railway, from 
 Burlington, in 3 hours. 
 
 OwegO (yeir I'wr^-).- Seat of Tioga 
 County; poimlntion (IsNO), 6,037. 
 
 Hotels: Uniteil St'itos, Central, 
 Ahwaga II(»usj, I'ark, Cortright, 
 Exchange. 
 
 A i)opular summer res )rt, increas- 
 ing in import nice, bjnutifully situ- 
 ated on the Sus(pU'lian!ia River, and 
 connected with Hiawatha, on Hia- 
 w"atha Island, by a steamboat iu 
 summer. Ecrrgrien Cemetery, Ulcn- 
 mnry, and several other jjicturesquo 
 l»laces are in the vicinity. It has 
 also some manufactures. There 
 are three large halls, of which Wil- 
 scm's accomuKHlates 1,'J(K) jieuple. 
 
 Reached l)y Delaware, Lacka- 
 wanna, and Western Uailway, from 
 Now York, in \i h(jurs. 
 
 Faducah (Kentucky).— ^eat of Mac 
 ( 'racken Countv ; po;)ulati(m (1880), 
 10,868. 
 
 Hotels: Richmond, Maxwell, 
 Southern, Planters. 
 
 Situated on the Ohio River, at tho 
 mouth of Teuuc^seo River, o'v) 
 milei above C.iiro. A 8hi])ping 
 point of the surn>unding country, 
 in which tobacco is the principal 
 article of production. It ships an 
 extensive amount of tobacco, grain, 
 and pork. Tliere are also some 
 factories, i>rinc'i])allv t>f tobacco. 
 The St. Clair Uall' can seat 501) 
 j)ersons. 
 
 Reached by Chesai;eako, Ohio, 
 and South-Western Railway, from 
 Ljuisville, in 11 hours. 
 
 Painesville (O.no).— Seat of Lake 
 County; population (1880), 3,850. 
 
 Hotels: Stockwcll, Cowles. 
 
 A beautiful town, on Lake Erie, 
 at the mouth of the Grand River, it 
 is somewhat of a summer resort. 
 Extensive nursery gardens are near 
 the town. L(tke Erie Female Semi' 
 nary is in the town, and the Little 
 Mountain close by is much visited. 
 The railway bridge across the river 
 is of stone, and very fine. The river 
 valley is deep and ijicturesque. 
 Child's Hall can accommodate 1,000 
 persons. 
 
 Reached by Lake Mhore and. 
 Michigan Southern Railway, from 
 Buffalo, t't« Ashtabula, in 7 hours. 
 
14S 
 
 BUADSIIAW S UXITKI) STATKS. 
 
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 Palatka (F/or/J//). Sent of Pntii'im 
 Connty; pnjtiil itiou (iSiit), 1,(51 H. 
 
 Jlofr/n: I'utntiin, St. John, 
 Liirkiii. 
 
 ToHrinf (tnd Kxcnrsinn Af/Piitx : 
 'riir)!ii)is (.'ook & Hon, corner Jjcmon 
 and Front .streets. 
 
 A winter health resort, anl the 
 lir^est town on tlie St. John's 
 Hiver, alcove Jiicksonvillc. The 
 Kiirronndnij^ country is noted for 
 the fine orans^es it produces, Tho 
 clinmte is very mihl, and the site 
 above the river healthy. Sevcril 
 churches, hcIk.oLs, and other build- 
 ini^s add to the attraction-* of the 
 jjlace. The scenorj' above Palatka, 
 on tlic St. John's River, liocome-* 
 very tine, and the vei?etiition is 
 jilmost tropical. 
 
 ll>^ K'hed by Flovlda So'ith'^rn 
 l^iilway, from Lac.sburg, cid Ro- 
 choilo, in 5 hours. 
 
 Paterson {yrw Jprsey) .—Bant of 
 Passaic County ; population (IHSD), 
 SI, 031. 
 
 Ifotch: Passaic, Franklin, Ha- 
 iTiilton. 
 
 Amunemenfx : Opera House, with 
 ],.')()(» sweats ; two halls, with 800 and 
 300 seats respectively. 
 
 CDHveynnres: Tramways. 
 
 One of the most important 
 manufacturing' towns in the States, 
 especially of silk, woollen, and 
 cotton goods. It is situated on the 
 Papsaic River, immediately below 
 the falls (a bout 50 feet). This water 
 l)ower is abundantlj' utilized in the 
 different mills. The town has some 
 fine buildings, and is regularly laid 
 out with wide streets. Beyond its 
 factories it has very little to in- 
 terest the tourist. Near the Falls 
 n small plot of land is laid out as a 
 garden and jiark. There is an ex- 
 pensive monument to the men of 
 Paterson, who fell in the Civil War. 
 The sceneiy around the Falls is very 
 picturesque. 
 
 Reached by Delaware, Lackawan- 
 na, and Western Railway, from 
 New York, in three (piartcrs of an 
 hour. 
 
 Pawtucket (Bhode Island). — Provi- 
 dence County; population (1880), 
 22,82i. 
 
 ][of'h: Ik'ii'^rct, Pawtuckot. 
 
 Situated on tlu? Pawtucket River. 
 Tt is re,Milarly l)iiilt, and is the Pais- 
 ley of the United States. It has a 
 great uunilter of important si)inning 
 mills, and esp(!cially sewing thread 
 mills. The streets are wide, but to 
 tho tourist and sightseer offer little 
 of interest. There is a Music 
 Hall, with 1,10(» seats. 
 
 Reached l»y Hostou and Provi- 
 dence Railway, from Boston, in IJ 
 hours. 
 
 Peabody (Mii»n<ichHttetf»). — Essex 
 County; population (1880), 9,52.S. 
 
 Jloffdn: lialdwyn, Symonds, D(m- 
 nell, Peabody. 
 
 The birth place of the great 
 philanthropist and benefactor of tho 
 London poor, (Jeorgo Pe.il)oily. The 
 town has the Peithodji Itixtitufi'. It 
 has a collection of works of art, 
 mem(n'ials, ])ortraits, etc., and a 
 hall, with 1,000 seats. The house in 
 whic^> I'eaboily was born stands a 
 little distant from the Institute. In 
 Harmony (Jrove Cemetery is his 
 grave, wliich is very simi)lo. 
 
 Reached by trarawaj', from 
 Salem, in 20 minutes. 
 
 Peekskill (A^ir I'^rAr^— Y estches- 
 ter County; populati(m (1880), 
 0,990. 
 Jfofeln : Eagle, Exchange. 
 
 A favourite summer holiday re- 
 sort, situated on the left bank of the 
 Hudscni River, 41 miles from New- 
 York and ojjposite Caldwells Land- 
 ing. It is a ])retty ])hice and its 
 surroundings are very pictures({ue. 
 The excursions arc varied, and 
 among tho most noteworthy are : 
 The Thunder Mountain, the High- 
 lands, Anthony's Nose, Sugar Loaf 
 Mountain, Buttermilk Falls, lona 
 Islands, etc. 
 
 Reached liy New York Central and 
 Hudson River Railway, from New 
 York, in one hour. 
 
 Pensacola ( Flori a^ . — Escambia 
 County; population (1880), 6,8 i5. 
 
 Hotels: City, Merchants, Euro- 
 pean. 
 
 Situated on Pensacola Bay and 
 one of the United States Maritime 
 
 1 
 
 ^: »i'^ 
 
TALATKA- rilILAl»i:i,l'llIA. 
 
 140 
 
 from 
 
 Ports. A nnviil station. The 
 approucli to tlie ImilMHir is not very 
 nafe. Its coninicrce is important, 
 espt'ciully its liiml)er trade. Since 
 it has lioen opened n|) by rail- 
 >va.yH the town is iiiiprovinjf. It has 
 H Citntom Jlonxr «n(l several other 
 laiildin^s - ]»rinciitally chnrehes— 
 wiiieh j;re noteworthy. Ruins of 
 old Spanish forts are to 1)0 seen at 
 the ijtick of the town. Miltcietr, !) 
 miles i^is^ant, on I'erdida Bay, has 
 extensive saw mills. 
 
 Keaeho(. hy Louisville and Nash- 
 ville Railway, from Mobi.e, in i\ 
 hours 
 
 Peoria (////wf^'.-*).— Scat of Peoria 
 County ; population (188(0, 20,;n5. 
 
 Jlufeh: White House, Merchants, 
 New Peoria, National. 
 
 Anu.emcntu: The Academy of 
 Music, with 1,5(H) seats; two Halls 
 with 1,00() and UK), scats respec- 
 tively. 
 
 Situated on the Illinois River, at 
 tho lower end of Feona Lake. It is 
 an important railway centre (seven 
 roads) and has important manufac- 
 tures, distilleries, breweries, etc., 
 and an extensive commerce, liitu- 
 minoiir coal is worked in the 
 vici'Mty and the surroundintr 
 countr. ' IS very fertile. There are 
 some fine public and private Imild- 
 intfs, the Court JIoiixc, Nurmal Svhoul , 
 at II Hal I, and Mervant'ilp Liljrari/ 
 an('l the Academy of Miotic bein^ the 
 most noteworthy; 28 churches, 
 among which are some very fine 
 ones, are in the town. 
 
 Reached by Chicago, Burlington 
 nnd Quincy Railway, from Chicago, 
 via Galesburg, in 9 hours. 
 
 Perth. Amboy (iNVw Jersey).^ 
 Middlesex County; population (1880) , 
 6,311. 
 
 Hotels : Central, Eagleswood, 
 Park Hotel, Packer. 
 
 Situated at the junction of Rari- 
 tm Bay, with Staten Island Sound, 
 it is one of the oldest towns in New 
 Jersey ; and a port of entry. It is 
 a much-fre(piented summer station. 
 At South Amboy, opposite, are sea 
 "baths. There are artistic potteries, 
 terra cotta works and other manu- 
 factories in the town, and much 
 
 coal is shipped \'r<nn hero. A sail 
 up Haritan llist-r and round the 
 liny will l»e found interesting. 
 
 I'teached by Pennsylvania Rail- 
 way, from New York, riii Jer>ey 
 C;ty, in IJ hours. 
 
 {I'ityiril(i). - Dinwid- 
 popidation (lM8t>), 
 
 Jarrctt, 
 
 Petersburg 
 
 die Countv 
 
 J/iifefa : Bolingbrooke, 
 Newton. 
 
 Situate'l on the A])ommattox River, 
 well built, and regularly laid out. 
 Its agricidtural interests ai'e exten- 
 sive. It has an esix-ciMily liirgt' 
 trade in cotton, tol»acco, wheat ami 
 corn ; and al>o in si'.niac. Tin- 
 Court J/oNsr, Ciistotii Huns,' and I'oxt 
 Oj/ire, 'I'hiatrr or .Icinlnni/ of Mii'< <•, 
 tiro Market J/iil/x nnd .-several if tlu 
 numerous churches are tine build- 
 ings. The town and surrounding 
 country was tlu? scene of a* tierco 
 struu'g'le during tlie Civil Wars. The 
 fortilications are still traceable in 
 the neighbourli' od. 
 
 Reached by Atlantic Coast Rail- 
 way, from Richmond, in (lie 
 hour. 
 
 Philadelphia (rr)i»nj!aii,ia). Pent 
 of Pliiladeli)h;!i County ; jjopulation 
 8l(i,{Wt. 
 
 Jfote/x : ^Moore's Stiic'dey Hor.!-e, 
 Washington, ('oloniiiKie, Ald'ne, 
 Continental, Girard, St. George, 
 Pluiner, Bingham, St. Cloud aio 
 first-class houses on the Americtiu 
 ]>lan (])ension ])er day includ'iig 
 everything) ; I>afayette and BelU- 
 vue "are also very good, and con- 
 ducted on the American and 
 Euroi)ean ])lan combined. The We.- 1 
 End, Guy's, St. Charles, and St. 
 Elmo's arc on the f;uroi)ean ])lan. 
 The rates of the hotels on American 
 l)lan are 2s dols. to 5 dols. per day, 
 everything included ; at those of 
 the European plan from 1 dol. to 
 '.i dols. i)er day for room only, every- 
 thing else extra. 
 
 Jientaurantxaiid Cafcx .- The Bel/e- 
 VHP is the best, and is the Delmonico 
 of Philadel])hia ; Doonerx, in 10th 
 street, Fiuelli's in Chestnut-street, 
 Green's in Chestnut-street, are al.so 
 among the best in the town. Morse's, 
 Partridge's, andCabadi's are mostly 
 frequented by ladies. The hotels 
 
1.50 
 
 BRADSIIAW S UNITED STATES. 
 
 ■1 
 
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 Inve also pool restaurants attiiche^l 
 to them. That on the first floor of 
 the Contineut.il is much visited l^y 
 merchants. 
 
 Thcdi.'es and Amnnemenh : The 
 Arwlpiny of Music on the corner of 
 liroad-street and Locust-street is, 
 lifter the Metropolitan Opera House 
 in New York, the largest house in 
 America, and can seat 3,000 people. 
 It f,'ivcs operas, concerts, lectures, 
 balls, etc. Arch-street Theatre, on 
 Arch-street, has a ji^ood company for 
 the {general drama. Others are the 
 Walnut-sfreet, Chestnut-street, and 
 Lyceum Theatres with varied enter- 
 tainments. The Opera House, 
 Eleoenth-street Opera House and 
 Wood's Museum have variety enter- 
 t.iinrnents, spectacular operas, and 
 tios^ro minstrelsy. Other large halls 
 are the Musical Fund Hall (for 2,500 
 pe )ple) in Locust-street, the Opera. 
 J[ luse in Chestnut-street, Association , 
 St. George's, and Horticultural Halls 
 j^ivG concerts and are used as music 
 halls, for lectures, flower shows, 
 and similar iiurposes. 
 
 It adin;f Rooms : The leading hotels 
 have weil-supi)lied reading rooms. 
 The Philadelphia Library, in Locust- 
 streCt, with a l)ranch on Broad- 
 street, has over 100,000 vohimes, 
 with wcli-suppliod reading-rooms. 
 It is open from 10 o'clock till 
 sunset. The Mercantile Library in 
 10th street, contains loO,(X)0 volumes, 
 with good reading room), open from 
 9 a.m. till 10 p.m.) The Historical 
 Society of Tennsylcania, in Spruce-st., 
 has a* rich library (open 10 a.m. to 
 5 p.m.). The Franklin lnstitiiti\ on 
 7th-strect, the Athenceum, in Adelphi 
 street, and the Young Men's 
 Christ' an Association, in Chestnut- 
 street, have all extensive collections 
 and good reading rooms. 
 
 Conveyances : Tramwaj'^s afford 
 easy acess to all parts of the city 
 ( are 6 cents, transfers 3 cents 
 each addition:il). Carriages are at 
 most of the railway stations, and at 
 various points in the streets. 
 Prices are 1 dol. per hour ; per dis- 
 t luco, one person, one mile or less, 
 50 cents ; each additional i)evson, 
 25 cents extra; one passenger, two 
 
 miles or less, 7i) 
 additional mile, 50 
 Children, under 11, 
 under ftvo years, 
 (Hansoms) : Two 
 
 cents ; each 
 
 cents extra. 
 
 half price ; 
 
 free. Cabs 
 
 persons, 65 
 
 cents per hour. In case of dispute, 
 appeal to policeman, or at the 
 Mayor's office. Tne tariff! should 
 bo in every carriage. The 
 Pennsj'lvania Railway Company 
 have at their stations Hansoms 
 and coupes for the conveyance of 
 passengers. Fare 25 cents one 
 mile; coujx^s, 35 cents per mile, 
 with a small additional charge for 
 ])arcels and luggage. Omnibuses 
 also attend at the arrival of trains. 
 
 Ferries: At foot of Market-street, 
 for iVest Jersey ; at foot of Walnut- 
 street, for Philadelphia and 
 Atlantic City; at foot of Vine- 
 street, for Camden and Atlantic. At 
 foot of South-street, for Camden. 
 Fare to Camden on all 3 cents ; 
 from the latter also to Gloucester, 
 10 cents. 
 
 Railway stations: Pennsylcania 
 Railway, in Broad and Market 
 streets, and Camden and Amboy 
 Division, from ferry, at foot of 
 Market-street, the Philadelph'a and 
 Reading Railway, on 13th and 
 Callowhill streets; the Philadelphia, 
 Wilmington and. Baltimore Rail- 
 way, corner of Broad and Washing- 
 ton avenues, and Broad and Markets 
 sticets ; Westchester and Philadelphia 
 Railways on Broad and Market 
 street; German' own and Norri^tttvn 
 Railway, and Bound Brook-road, 
 coiner of 9th and Green streets ; 
 North Pennsyleauia Railway, corner 
 of American and Berks streets. 
 
 Sports, Races, etc. : Several 
 boating clubs have their boat 
 houses in Fairmount Park, on the 
 Schuylkill River. Races are held 
 at Point Breeze Park. The trotting 
 matches are at Belmont Course, 
 beyond Fairmount Park. 
 
 Museums: The Academy of Fine 
 Arts (entrance 25 cents), in Broad 
 and '^-icrry streets, has very 
 valuable collections of jiaintings, 
 statuary, etc. I'he Memorial Hall 
 Museum, in Fairmount Park, is a 
 flne whit3 marble building, built to 
 commemorate the Centennial Exhi- 
 bition in 187(j. The collections are 
 in the sty^e of the South Kensing- 
 ton Museum, in Lond(m. It is a 
 very flne building, and the collec- 
 tions arc extensive. Independence 
 Hall Museum, on Chestnut-street, is 
 the chief object of interest. Earle 
 4* Haseltine's private sales rooms, 
 both in Chestnut-street, have also 
 
I'HILADKLPHIA. 
 
 151 
 
 and 
 
 some fine pictures, both modern 
 and old, pliiced here for siile. The 
 best private picture and art 
 galleries are those of Messrs. 
 Ciaghorn, Harrison junr., and 
 Gibson and Borie ; admission 
 is granted <m application, either 
 personally or by letter. 
 
 CI 'lbs : The Union Lea/jiie Club is 
 the principal political club, as also 
 the wealthiest, in the city. It has 
 an excellent restaurant, and 
 sumptuous rooms, and is situated 
 cm lirodd and Sansom streets. The 
 Reform Club is in Chestnut-street, 
 aud is a handsome building of 
 brown sandstone. Other more 
 sociid clubs are the American, Com- 
 inonwealth, Prnn, Phlluhlphia, and 
 Social Art Clnbn, Admission may 
 l)e gained to all these clu])S by 
 intrv)duction thrv)ugh a member. 
 
 I'oKt and Telegraph Office : In 
 Chestnut-Street, corner of 9th-street, 
 a handsomj granite Uennissiince 
 building. Open from 7 a.m. till 8 
 l).m., and on Sundays from 9 till 10 
 a.m. There are several sub-stations 
 in the city, and over 500 lamp-])ost 
 boxes, which are emptied very fre- 
 quently. 
 
 Enijliah Consul : R. C. Clipperton, 
 Consul. 
 
 Bankers: Girard's Bank. 
 
 Medical: Drs. Fox, Gross. 
 
 Dentist : Dr. Mas(jn. 
 
 Tourist and Excursion Agents: 
 Thomas Cook & Son, 337, Wulnut- 
 street. 
 
 Philadelphia is the second city of 
 the United States in C(mimerci:il 
 importance aud population, and the 
 first in actual area as covered 1)y 
 buildings. It is situated on the west 
 bank of the Delaware River, the 
 Schuylkill River passing through 
 portions of it. It is distant DO miles 
 from the Atlantic Ocean, and covers 
 an area of 1,201 8(iuare miles. It whs 
 founded by William Pennin 1682, «s 
 a Qiiaker Colony. In IGHt the popu- 
 lation was 2,500; and in 170) it 
 obtained its oluirter. It is said, hr)w- 
 cer, that a colony of Swedes were 
 settled here as early as 1637; traces of 
 their presence may, perhaps, still be 
 found in "Christina" Church, and 
 in the names of various streets. The 
 l)ros])erity of Philadelphia was from 
 the first rapid, and during cohmial 
 times and the first quarter of the 
 
 present century it was the principal 
 city in the Sttites. Before and dur- 
 ing tlie Revolutionary wars it was 
 the head-{iuarters of Congri\ss, the 
 Declaration of Independence having 
 been '-ciul hero on July 1th, 1776. 
 The first President resided hori', and 
 the city continuetl to be the soat of 
 Government till IHOO. The J)0{»u:h- 
 tion since ISOO has increased very 
 rapidly. In that year it was 11,220; 
 in ISaO, it had increased to 121,376; 
 in 1N60, to 565,52'>; and iHwO, to 
 Hlf5,l.\Sl. The commerce of the town 
 is ve"y extensive, aud is increasing 
 every year. The ])rincipal sources of 
 wealth arc manufactures. In these 
 i\. is second only to New York, as 
 regards either the numl.'orof woik- 
 shops, the capital invested, or the 
 amount of ]) -oduce. In the nsanu- 
 facture of heavy iron and steel it is 
 approached oidy by Pittsljurs.'-. It 
 has in addititm woollen and totton 
 mills, shipbuilding yards, books, 
 shoes, etc., industries. It i-anks 
 fourth in conmiercial imixu'tance 
 among the cities of the United 
 States. 
 
 Philadeli)hia is regularly laid out ; 
 the streets being wide and well 
 paved. Those running north and 
 south are numbered, while those 
 crossing them are named. Within its 
 present limits there are over 950 mile a 
 of paved streets. The numbered 
 streets run from the Delaware 
 towards the Bchuylkill River. S(mie 
 of the older streets are irregular and 
 crooked, but this oidy in the old or 
 business (piarter. The houses in 
 the streets and the streets them- 
 selves are so well numbered that it 
 is easy for a sti'angcr to find his 
 way. One reason whj'' I'hiladelphia 
 is 8i)read over such a large area is 
 that the worknmn'^ dwellings are 
 on the separate house system. As 
 in London, England, each family 
 has a house to itself. This is in 
 contrast with many American 
 towns, where the French flat system 
 is chiefly in vogue. The i)rincipal 
 streets are : Chesnnt, the fashionable 
 jjromenade with the finest retail 
 shoi)S and hoto\-». Third-street, is 
 the princij)al banking and brokers' 
 street, answering to the New York 
 Wall-fttrect. North of Market-Street, 
 Race, Vine, Walnut and Arch 
 streets are very busy thoroughfares ; 
 Jiroud-street is the principol real- 
 
ili 
 
 152 
 
 Bli.VDSIIAW S UNITKD STATES. 
 
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 n: 
 
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 'i ■ 
 
 dcntial (jiiart^r, and contains a 
 K<)')(1 number of chiirchos. Murquet- 
 xfreet is the chief Ijusinoss thorough- 
 fare. 
 
 Th3 largest pile of Iniildings is 
 th") Public: liu!ldi)iijf, a*: tlie c;)rnerof 
 Bi-o ul and .M irket. .strejfcs. It con- 
 tain-5 the muui(n]);il oitices, law 
 courts, etc, and is re ily the City Hall. 
 It is built of white in.'irble, is 480J by 
 470 foot, is almost a s'luare, and its 
 tower w!»eu coinplet^iil will oe 535 
 feet high, ft cov^ers sm area of about 
 ■ii a-'res without including the court- 
 yard in the ccnf.re of 200 feet square. 
 It is in the lien liss nice stylo of 
 architecture. Gintrd CoUpfjf, 'Ridge 
 avenue, is a ni ignifl^'enu building of 
 white mar])le, in the Corinthian 
 style of architcc lire, and in imitation 
 of the Parthenon jit Athens ; it was 
 erected out of Stei)hen Girard's 
 munificent gift of 2,000,000 dols. to 
 the town, to provide gratuitous in- 
 struction and supi)ort to destitute 
 orphans. It is supported by the 
 residue of his estate^ which is saul 
 by some to amoinit to nine million 
 df)ll irs, while others jdijoit at 50 
 millions. Theolo/y is rigorously 
 excluded from its lectures, and li) 
 clergyman, priest or missionary is 
 allowed to.-et foot within it, accord- 
 ing to the testamentary conditions of 
 the founder. Permission to visit 
 the interior is readily obtained 
 ffom the Directors or through the 
 Secretaries of the principal Ifotels. 
 From the marble roof a fine view is 
 rotained. The college Imilding is 
 218 feet l)y 100, and contains many 
 objects of interest. The grounds are 
 tastefulh' laid out and the dormi- 
 tories, professor's houses, etc., are 
 all buildings in marble, and close to 
 the college. The number of students 
 bR« annually increased, owing to 
 the rise in value of the estate. The 
 Commercial Ex-'Ikhiijc, in Chestnut- 
 street is on the site of William Penn's 
 house, which was als) the residence 
 of Adams, Hancocl-:, De Kalb and 
 Arnold. It is a large l)rown stone 
 building. The Coal Exchanafi is on 
 the corner of Walnut iiud 2nd street. 
 In the hitter street is also Chrixt 
 Church, commenced in 1727 but still 
 incomi)le^,e. Its steeple lias the 
 oldest chime of bells in America, and 
 the church itself is one of the 
 earlies-. ])l ices of worship in the 
 city. A small brick house on the 
 
 corner of Fron'^ and "Market streets, 
 was built in 1702, and was for over 
 100 years known as the London 
 Coffee Jlome. xVt a small distance 
 in Laetitia-SLreet is Fenn's Cottage, 
 built before l^enn's arrival in the 
 settlement, and its Itrst, brick 
 building. Cn the corner of Walnut 
 and 3rd streets is the line marble 
 building of the Merchant)*' Exchange, 
 with a semicircular colonnade of 
 eight columns, a rotunda, and a 
 fine frescoed reading room within. 
 Opposite the building of the North 
 American Aitfnrancc Compani/, and 
 close by.is the (.iirard National Bank, 
 where Girard lived until his death. 
 Above the intersection of 3rd-street, 
 Chestnut-street is lined with 
 many tine buildings of Banks 
 and Safe Deposit Companies. In a 
 court arrived at l)y a narrow passage 
 on the south side' of Chestnut-street 
 is Carpenters' Hall, the meeting 
 idace of the first Congress of the 
 United Colonies. The United States 
 Cnntom House, of Doric architecture, 
 is between -ii/li and 5th streets. 
 Several very fine buildings now 
 follow, occujiied by Banks and In- 
 surance Comiianios ; and then In- 
 dependence Hall, Ijetween 5th and 
 6th streets, comes into view. It was 
 commenced in 1729, and is justly 
 considered tl;-! most interesting 
 building in x niladelphia. It has 
 many historical associations, and 
 several of the rooms have still the 
 very furniture of the time w^hen 
 the Declaration of Independence was 
 made. In front of it stands Bailey's 
 statue of Washington, and at the 
 back is Independence-square, laid out 
 as a small pai'k. Washington-square is 
 south-west from the latter, and is in 
 l)art a botanical garden. Fronting 
 it is the AthencBum. Philadelphia 
 Liljran/ is on 5tli street, close to 
 Chestiiut-strect, and was founded in 
 1731 by Benjamin Franklin and some 
 friends. On the corner of Arch- 
 street in 5th-strcct is Franklin's 
 Grave. In the block between 6tli 
 and 7th streets, on (Chestnut-street, 
 are some buildings of note, occupied 
 by the priucii)al newspapers of 
 Philadelphia. On 7th-strcet is the 
 Franklin Institute, with a librarj' of 
 ovci* 80,000 volumes. In 8th-street 
 is the Fennsylrania Hospital, with its 
 anatomical museum; and in Spruce- 
 street, close by, is the Fennsylvania 
 
PIIILADELrillA. 
 
 1 •J.> 
 
 ;t Las 
 and 
 
 till the 
 when 
 
 ice was 
 
 alley's 
 at the 
 
 aid out 
 uareiB 
 
 id is in 
 onting 
 elph ia 
 ose to 
 
 ided in 
 d some 
 Arch- 
 nlcUti's 
 en 6th 
 street, 
 !cnpied 
 ers of 
 is the 
 rarj'' of 
 street 
 ith its 
 ipruce- 
 Ujlvitma 
 
 Jliitorical Socitfy, with colloctions ; 
 a fine buildini^. From (ith to i)tli 
 streets, on Chestnut-street and ad- 
 joiuini^ streets, may lie said to be 
 the pulilishing and 'printing centre 
 of the city. 
 
 At the north-west corner of 9th- 
 street and Chestnut-street is the 
 granite biiildiuf^ of the Fosf Office, 
 with a dome. An Assurance I'oni- 
 pany occuincs the corner on 10th- 
 sti'oot, and iu this stre :'t is the 
 Mevcuntile L'thrarif. St. Stephen's 
 Churcli and Jefferson Medicjil 
 C;)llege are notewortliy in l(M,h- 
 stree -. In Chestnut-streor, a little 
 above the crosf^iuur of l:ith-street, is 
 the United Sfatcs Mint, a handsome 
 Ionic white marble l)uLldinfr, with a 
 collection of Amcrica)i and other 
 coins. In the forenoon visitors are 
 admitted and the attendants are 
 very civil. Passing l-4th - street, 
 whence the massive pile of Public 
 Buildings are seen on the right and 
 a nnmi)er of large Hotels, the 
 Young Men's Christian Associntion 
 building is seen on the corner of ir>th- 
 street. Loyu n-»qH(ire,i\.\\it\Q w\) I8th- 
 street, is tastefidly laid out, and on 
 its eastern side stands the principal 
 ecclesiastical building of the town — 
 The Roman Catholic Cathedral. It is 
 in the Roman Corinthian style. It 
 contains frescoes and other objects 
 of interest. The Institution for the 
 Blind, Wills Hospital, and the 
 Academy of Natural Sciences also 
 face this scpiare. On 20th-street is 
 the Preston Retreat for ])oor 
 children. On the left from Chest- 
 nut-street, 18th-sti'eet leads into the 
 most aristocratic i)art of Phila- 
 delphia — the Hi ttenhoHse-i^qiiare, \\it\\ 
 some very fine residential mansions. 
 Near lOth-streot is the Reform Chib 
 building, and in Walnut-street, cor- 
 ner of IHth-street, is the fine white 
 marble mansion of the Social Art 
 Club. Chestnut-street passes the 
 Schuylkill River at 2yrd-street on a 
 massive iron bridge, and from here 
 it becomes one of the chief resi- 
 dential thoroughfares. 
 
 Broad-street is the other most 
 attractive thoroughfare of about 15 
 miles in length, and crosses the 
 whole city from North to South. At 
 its southern end, in the Delaware 
 'Rivcvi^ League /.y/ffw^/, witha Unit-d 
 States Nai-y Yard. In the cfiannel 
 called Bluck Channel, a number of 
 
 war vessels goncrally lie nt anchor. 
 The Haltinior!' Ralwai/ iStafioii, tnv 
 Broad-street, corner of Wnshingtcn- 
 avenue, is the first building of note. 
 At the corner of Chris^tian-s'reet is 
 the Ridi/way Librarj/ Buildinif, a 
 granite structure be<iueathed to the 
 city by Dr. Rusk. At the corner of 
 Pine-street is the extensive l)uilding 
 of the Ih'iif and Dumb Asylum. In 
 this street is als > the Betheden 
 Baptist Church, and Ix'yond it the 
 Horticultural JIa'l. Next door to 
 this is the Acaih my nf Mu>>ic, and 
 directly opposite the Lycium Theatre. 
 The Union Lfni/w Clufj is at the 
 corner of Sansom-strcei. At the 
 intersection of Market-street, one 
 block beyond Chestnut-street, and 
 on Penn-square are thj Fublr 
 Buildings already described. On the 
 scjuare, nortli-west corner, is the 
 School of Design for Women, and 
 near it the large Station of the 
 Rennynlraniir Railway Company. 
 At tlie corner of Philbert-street the 
 Masou'c Temple, a solid granite 
 structure iu the Norman style, will 
 attract the attention of the visitor. 
 In this portion (jf the city are 
 some fine churches and on the 
 corner of Cherry-street is the 
 elaborate fa<;ade of the Academy 
 of Fine Art^, with excellent 
 galleries aiid a collection of 
 l)ictures. At the coiner of Callow- 
 hill-strcet is the Arsenal of the 1st. 
 Regiment of Pennsylvania Militia, 
 and on the other side are Baldwin's 
 Locomotive Works. Sju-ing Garden- 
 street, another residential street, 
 crosses Broad-street, next to P'air- 
 mount Park, on which, at the corner 
 of 17th. street is the Girh^ Normal 
 School. The corner of Green-street 
 is occupied 1)3' the Central High 
 School and a handsome Presby- 
 terian Church. In this street 
 is the Synagogue, in Mauresquo 
 architecture. After Green-street, 
 Broad-street becomes a leading 
 residential thoroujrfare, and is 
 a favourite ])r{)menade and 
 drive. Through Uronninent Cemetery, 
 Germantoun, the scene of a battle 
 won by Lord Howe over the Ameri- 
 cans under Washington, in 1777, is 
 reached. The Episcopal Church, at 
 the corner of Jett'erson-street, is the 
 only building worthy of note in this 
 part. Germantowiv is inhabited 
 chiefly by business men. 
 
154 
 
 BRADSHAW S UNITED STATES. 
 
 m i 
 
 
 ■,i 
 
 
 The Uaicerslty of Pennst/lcanlahas 
 83veral buiUlings on 36th and 
 Locust streets, with a museum and 
 a hospital. Iu3tith-stroet isBlockley 
 Almshouse, in four handsome build- 
 inj^s, with extensive grounds. The 
 Lunuiic Asylum, or Pennxt/lvania 
 Hq<p'' tal for the Insane, is situated on 
 Haverford-road, in West Philadel- 
 phia across the Schuylkill River. In 
 Front-street North are the hand- 
 some buildmi^s of the Episcopal 
 Jfospihil. The Naval Axylitm, on 
 Grave's Ferry-road, is a huge marble 
 building with highly-cultivated 
 grounds, near which is one of the 
 Naoal Arsenals, the other being 
 situated at Frankford. The Moya- 
 mensinc) Prison, for prisoners on trial 
 or suffering short sentences of 
 incarceration, is on lOth-street and 
 Pass3'unk-road. The Eastern Peni- 
 tentiary (solitary Oonflnemeut) in 
 Fairmount-avenue, is a castellated 
 building and covers about 10 acres. 
 
 The principal drives are along 
 Broad-street to Germantown, and 
 especially to Fairmnunt Parle. The 
 latter, the largest city i)ark in the 
 world, extends along the Schuylkill 
 River, on both banks, for over seven 
 miles, and covers an area of 2,70() 
 acres. It possesses great natural 
 beauties, and the gardens are well 
 kept. The principal features are : 
 Fairmount-hill, whence it derives 
 its name, with four reservoirs of the 
 Schuylkill water works, offering a 
 fine view of the city, several foun- 
 tains and statues near the machinery 
 buildings ; a statue of Abraham 
 Lincoln, by Rogers, on an open 
 piazza near the above buildings ; 
 Lemon-hill, with a restaurant ; the 
 Solitude, Sedgeley-hill, George's- 
 hill, Belmont Mansion (Restaurant), 
 Belmont Glen, various bridges 
 across the river, and the Zoological 
 Gardens. A drive up the Wissahic- 
 kon is well worth making. The 
 Centennial Exhibition stood on the 
 spot at the head of the Girard 
 avenue, and several buildings are 
 still standing here, especially 
 Memorial Hall and Horticultnral 
 Buildtng. The former contains per- 
 manent art and industrialcollections, 
 and the latter, a sort of con- 
 servatory with occasional Uower 
 shows. ' At its lower end is the 
 Belmont course for races, especially 
 for trotting matches. 
 
 Of the Cemeteries, the Laurel 
 Hill Cemetfry at the upper part of 
 Fairmount Park, is the most interest- 
 ing to the tourist. It is beautifully 
 laid out with trees, shrubs, flowers, 
 etc., and contains a great number 
 of costly monuments. Woodlands, 
 in West Philadelphia, is also very 
 fine, and contains the Drexel Mau- 
 soleum, the largest, it is said, in 
 America.. Mount Vernon Cemetery, 
 opposite Laurel Will, and Glenwood 
 Cemetery are the other burial 
 grounds of the town. 
 
 Favourite e.vcursions are made to 
 Cape May, the Phihidelphian Long- 
 branch ; Shellinger's Landing, Cold 
 Springs, Atlantic City (also sea 
 baths) ; Bryn Mawr, and various 
 others. 
 
 Reached by Baltimore and Ohio 
 Railway, from New York, in 3 
 hours. 
 
 Piqua {Ohio). — Miami Conn 
 population (18S0), G,036. 
 
 Hotels : City, Leland. 
 
 A prosperous, well-built, an 1 
 regularly laid out town, with con- 
 siderable manufacturing interests, 
 situated on the Miami River, and 
 Miwmi and Ei'ie Canal. It has good 
 water power, which is advantage- 
 ously used in the foundries, car 
 shops, woollen mills, and other 
 industrial establishments. It is also 
 largely engaged in commerce with 
 the surrounding rich agricultural 
 countrj''. The streets are wide and 
 lined with substantial buildings, 
 the High School having a hall which 
 can seat 1,200 people. The Opera 
 House, with 1,000 seats, is also note- 
 worthy. 
 
 Reached by Cincinnati, Hamilton 
 and Dayton Railway, from Cincin- 
 nati, in 4 hom-s. 
 
 Pittsburg {Pcnnsyli'ania). — Seat of 
 Allegheny County ; population 
 (1880), 156,389. 
 
 Hotels : !Monongahela, Seventh 
 Avenue Hotel, Central, St. Charles, 
 Robinson, St. James. 
 
 Theatres and Amusements : The 
 Opera House, with opera, operettas 
 and occasional concerts, has 1,800 
 seats ; the Academy of Music 
 (variety theatre) has 1,000. 
 
PIQUA — PITTSFIELD. 
 
 ■^ ki' M 
 
 loo 
 
 aiirel 
 irt of 
 }rest- 
 iuUy 
 wers, 
 mber 
 lands, 
 very 
 Man- 
 ia, in 
 'etery, 
 nwood 
 burial 
 
 ade to 
 Lonff- 
 :, Cold 
 o sea 
 arious 
 
 Ohio 
 in 3 
 
 oua 
 
 t, anl 
 th con- 
 terests, 
 er, and 
 as good 
 ■antage- 
 os, car 
 1 other 
 :t is also 
 with 
 cultural 
 de and 
 Idings, 
 which 
 Opera 
 so note- 
 
 umilton 
 Cincin- 
 
 Seat of 
 pulation 
 
 Seventh 
 Charles, 
 
 : The 
 perettas 
 as 1,800 
 : >I uslc 
 
 Conveyances: Tramways in the 
 principal streets and t) the sul)urbs 
 (fare, 5 cents) ; carriages, 1^ dols. 
 lier hour. 
 
 Post and Trlegraph Office : Corner 
 of Smithfield-street, and Fifth 
 Avenue. 
 
 Tourist -J ml Excursion Agents: 
 Thomas Cook & Son, corner of 1th- 
 a/enue and Smithfield-street. 
 
 Pittslmrg, the Sheffield of the 
 United States, and the second cit.N 
 in size and importance in Pennsyl- 
 vania, is situated at the confluence 
 of the Allegheny and Moncngahela 
 Rivers, which here form the Oliio. 
 Including the suburbs, it has now a 
 population of about 200,(XK). Pitts- 
 ])urg was founded in 1765 on the 
 old French Fort du Quesne, which, 
 on being captured by the English, 
 was changed into "Fort Pitt," 
 Avhence its present name. It was 
 incorporated in 1816. Since then its 
 growth has been uninterrupted. 
 The town is l)uilt on a beautiful 
 I)lain in the form of a triangle, 
 though that original form has of 
 late years undergone considerable 
 modifications. At its back it is 
 surrounded by the Quarry, Grant's 
 and Ayer's Hills. It is compactly 
 built, and has many fine edifices. 
 The whole town, however, i)resents 
 a verj-^ dingy appearance, owing to 
 the smoke of its numerous chimneys. 
 The streets and avenues are all 
 paved and well graded, and a 
 number of bxidgos span both rivers. 
 Its principal interests centre in the 
 iron, steel and glass manufactories, 
 in v.hich alone it gives employment 
 to nearly 40,000 workmen. No 
 visitor should fail to visit some of 
 the large works. It has besides an 
 extensive commerce, and its trade 
 in coal and coke is very important. 
 The principal thoroughfares are 
 Wood, Market and Smithfield 
 streets. Liberty and Penn streets. 
 6bh-avenue, contains the principal 
 retail shops. 
 
 The town, and everything within 
 it, is wrapped in smoke. There is 
 perhaps no town in the States which 
 has such a dingy and murky look as 
 Pittsburg. The principal buildings 
 are, the United States Arsenal, a 
 >rroup of buildings, standing in some 
 ornamental grounds in the north- 
 cast part of the town. The Muni' 
 
 the 
 are 
 the 
 
 civil Hall, corner of Virgin and 
 Smithfield streets, is a gigantic 
 building. The Custom House, with 
 Post Office, in Smithfield-street, is 
 also imi)osing. The lioman Catholic 
 Cathedral, Trinity Church, St. Peter's 
 (Episcopal), and some others are 
 amongst the best church edifices. 
 Tlie Mercantile Library occupies a 
 handsome building in Penn-street, 
 and contains about 15,000 volumes, 
 and a well-supplied reading rotmi. 
 The Pittsburg Art Association has 
 its galleries in the same building. 
 The Court House, destroyed by fire 
 some years ago, is ])eing re-built, 
 and will be a very handsome edifice. 
 The Young Men's Christian As80ci((- 
 tion buihling, with the upi)er floors 
 occupied by the School of Design Jor 
 iromeii, on corner of Penn-avenue 
 ancl Seventh-street, is a handsome 
 edifice. The female colleges aro 
 much fretiuented. Among 
 charitable institutions, which- 
 numerous, the principal are 
 Western Pennsylcatiia J[ospital, an 
 immense building situated on the 
 side of a hill; the City General 
 HospitalytliO Homoeopathic Hospital, 
 and several others. 
 
 The former subur]>s of Birming- 
 ham, Manchester, East Liberty, are 
 now all incorporated with Pittsburg. 
 In Manchester are two convents auil 
 the Riverside Penitentiary. 
 
 Reached 1)y Pennsylvauian Rail- 
 way, from New York, in 23 hours. 
 
 Pittsfleld (Massachusetts). Sent of 
 Berkshire County; poi)ulation (1880), 
 ll,lt!6. 
 
 Hotels : American, Berkshire, 
 Burbank, MaplcAvood, Spring- 
 side. 
 
 A thriving town, in the heart of 
 the Berkshire mountains, beautifully 
 situated on a plateau. It has the 
 Taconic mountains on the west, and 
 the Hoosacs on the cast. It is well 
 laid out, and possesses some fine 
 public buildmgs. It is much visited 
 in summer on account of the beauty 
 of the surrounding scenery. The 
 lioman Catholic Church is the hand- 
 somest of its kind in Western 
 Massachusetts ; the Methodist and 
 several other churches ai'e also 
 interesting. The Court House is a 
 white marble building; the Muplc- 
 Kood Female Seminary is in the centre 
 
V 
 
 156 
 
 IJRADSHAW S UNITED STATES. 
 
 !a 
 
 m '! 
 
 of ornamental grounds. In the Pnrk 
 stands a handgome bronze monu- 
 ment to the soldiers who fell in the 
 War of Secession. The Atkenceum 
 is a very tine buildinc^ and contains 
 a good public library, and stjme 
 pictures. There are sevoriil theatres, 
 halls, etc. 
 
 The walks, drives, and excursions 
 in the environs of the town are very 
 fine. To Lake Onota, Waconuh 
 Falls, Potter's Mountain, Roarincf 
 Brook, Lulu Cascade, Balance Rock, 
 Tories Gorj^o, Ashley Pond, Perry 
 Pond, Williamstown, Lebanon 
 Springs and several others, too 
 numerous to mention, are among 
 the most fretiuented. 
 
 Reached by Boston and Albany 
 Railway, from Boston, in 4 hours 
 
 {Pennst/lcania), 
 jjopulation 
 
 -Luzerne 
 (1880), 
 
 Pittston 
 
 County ; 
 10,005. 
 
 Hotels : Eagle, Gething, Famham, 
 St. James's. 
 
 A thriving mining and manu- 
 facturing town, at tiie head of the 
 Wyoming Valley, on the Susciuc- 
 hanna. It is regulary laid out. 
 West of the town, in tlie Lackaw- 
 annock Mountains, are coal mines. 
 The principal object of attraction 
 
 . is Campbell's Ledge, which offers a 
 fine view of the valley. The town 
 
 • is also visited as a summer resort. 
 There are two large halls. 
 
 Reached by Philadel',)hia and 
 Reading Railway (Central New 
 Jersey Branch), from New York, 
 in 12 hours. 
 
 Plattsburg (Xew York). — Seat of 
 Clinton County; population (1880), 
 6,600. 
 
 Hotels : Cumberland, Foquet, 
 Witherill. 
 
 Bankers : Merchants National 
 Bank. 
 
 Medical .- Dr. G. D. Durham, Dr. 
 J. H. Laroc(iuc, Dr. D. S. 
 Kellogg. 
 
 Situated on both banks of the 
 Sarannac River, at the entrance 
 to Cumberland Bay. For Lake 
 Champlain, at its northern point, it 
 is the port of entry. It is also much 
 visited, as being clos3 to the 
 Adirondack Mountain Region, The 
 
 town is well built, and has several 
 factories. Dannemora, Chazy 
 Lake, Bradley Pond, Lyon Mountain 
 Station, Chateaugay Lake, and Lake 
 Champlain are the i)rincipal points 
 for excursions. 
 
 Reached by New York, Central 
 and Hudson River Railway, from 
 New York, via Albany, in H-hours. 
 
 Plattsmovith {Nehrnsk(i).—S,en.t of 
 Cass County; population (1880), 
 5,790. 
 
 Hotels; Perkins's, City, Stadel- 
 man's. 
 
 A busy and industrial town, on 
 the Missouri River, near the mouth 
 of the Platte. It is a very new 
 place, but is steadily increasing. It 
 is well built, and regularly laid 
 out, and has important locomotive 
 and railway works, and factories 
 of farm implements and other 
 machinery. An Opera House, with 
 1,200 seats, and two other halls, 
 with over 600 seats, prevent Platts- 
 mouth from being dull. 
 
 Reached by Chicago, Milwaukee, 
 and St. Paul Railway, from 
 Chicago, via Omaha, in 22| hours. 
 
 Plymouth {Mnmichusett»).—^QQ.i of 
 Plymouth County ; population 
 (1880), 7,239. 
 
 Hotels : Brastow, Central, Clif- 
 ford. 
 
 Situated on Plymouth Bay, it is a 
 sea-bathing place, and has also a 
 few manufactures. It is interest- 
 ing, however, chiefly as the landing 
 place of the Pilgrim Fathers, in 
 1620, and as the first settlement in 
 New England. Fly month Hock, in 
 Water-street, is on the exact spot 
 where they first landed. Pilgrim 
 Hall, in Court-street, has a large 
 hall, some relics, a collecticm of 
 pictures, etc., and a good library. 
 The County Court House and House 
 of Correction, near the hall, are both 
 fine buildings, points of interest 
 are Leyden-streefc (the oldest in New 
 England), Burying Hill, with 
 many ancient tombs, Cole's Hill, 
 and the National Monument to the 
 Pilgrims. The surrounding scenery 
 is attractive, with several small 
 lakes and ponds. 
 
 Reached by the Old Colony Rail- 
 way, from Boston, in 2 hour's. 
 
 ' 
 
PITTSTOX — PORTLAND. 
 
 1.57 
 
 it is a 
 also a. 
 iterest- 
 anclinj? 
 ers, in 
 nent iu 
 lock, in 
 ct spot 
 Pilgrim 
 large 
 tion of 
 
 ibrary. 
 
 re both 
 interest 
 in New 
 with 
 s Hill, 
 to the 
 scenery 
 L small 
 
 Fortafi^e City (Tf'i«fo «»/«)•— Seat of 
 Columbia County ; population 
 (1880), 5,501. 
 
 Iloteh : City, Emder, Coming, 
 Fox, Kirby. 
 
 On the Wisconsin River, and Fox 
 and Wisconsin Canal. It has good 
 water power, which is extensively 
 used in the factories. It does a 
 large trade with the suiTOunding 
 country, which is very fertile. The 
 High School building, the Court 
 House, the Prison, eight churches, 
 DuUaghan's Oi>era House, with 
 1,000 seats, and two public halls, are 
 among the noteworthy buildings. 
 
 Reached l)y Wisconsin Central 
 Railway, from St. Paul, via 
 Stevens' Pt., in 11 hours. 
 
 Port Huron (Michigan).— Seat of 
 St. Clair County; population (1880), 
 8,883. 
 
 Hotels: Albion, Huron, Pacific, 
 Commercial. 
 
 A port of entry situated on the 
 St. Clair River, at the mouth of 
 the Black River, and one mile from 
 Lake Huron. It has considerable 
 manufactures, and its saw mills 
 and lumber trade are important. 
 Three shipyards and two dry docks. 
 The two opera houses, with 500 and 
 800 seats respectively, are handsome 
 buildings. In the vicinity are 
 numerous summer excursion 
 resorts. 
 
 Reached by Port Huron and 
 North- Western Railways, from Bay 
 City, via Clifford, in 3^ hours. 
 
 Port Jervis (Neia York) . — Orange 
 Coimty; population (1880), 8,677. 
 
 Hotels : Delaware, Fowler, Union. 
 
 Situated on the Delaware and 
 Neversink Rivers, and a favourite 
 centre of excursions. A large field 
 for all sorts of sports. There are 
 extensive railway works, and its 
 trade is not unimportant. There is 
 an opera house with 1 ,200 seats, and 
 two halls with 800 and 600 seats 
 respectively. Point Peter, with a 
 fine view, and the Falls of the Saw 
 Kill are especially noteworthy. Also 
 Milford and Raymonds Kill. 
 
 Reached by New York, Lake 
 Erie and Western Railway, from 
 New York, in 3 hours. 
 
 Portland {Maine). — Seat of 
 Cumberland County ; i)opulation 
 (1880), 33,810. 
 
 Hotels: Preble House, Falmouth, 
 United States, City. 
 
 Places of Amusement : City Hall, 
 with 3,000 sciits, and P()rtland 
 Theatre with about 8U0. 
 
 Conveyances: Tramways through 
 the i)rincipal streets and to the 
 suburbs. 
 
 Fost and Telegraph Office: On 
 Main-street. 
 
 This town is situated on a penin- 
 sula at the south-eastern exti'emity 
 of Casco Bay. It is the Commercial 
 metropolis of the State, and for its 
 size has remarkably fine pul)lic 
 buildings. It is a very beautiful 
 town, was settled in 1632 and partly 
 destroyed by fire in 1866. Its wid« 
 sreetsare adorned with trees. It- is a 
 port of entry, and carries on a con- 
 siderable foreign and home trade. 
 It has also a large number of 
 factories and shipyards. The Citif 
 Hall is one of the largest and finest 
 municipal buildings in the United 
 States. It contains a large hall, 
 surmounted by a dome. The Puxf 
 Office, close by, is built of white 
 marble in the early Renaissance 
 style. Many of the churches are 
 very fine and the Custom Houst\ 
 in solid granite is a handsome 
 building. The Marine Hospital, 
 the Library and Society of 
 Natural History Buildings are all 
 noteworthy. 
 
 Lincoln Park and Evergreen 
 Cemetery are beautifully laid out. 
 and much visited. Numerous, 
 excursions and drives may be 
 made in the environs of Portland,, 
 as for example to Cape Eliza- 
 beth, Falmouth Foreside, Deerings 
 Woods, Diamond Island, Cashing 
 and Peaks Island. On Mungoy 
 Hill is the Observatory, near which 
 is the Eastern Promenade. The 
 Western Promenade (both 150 feet 
 wide and lined with double rows of 
 trees) leads to Bramhall's Hill.. 
 The view from the top of the Ob- 
 servatory is superb. 
 
 Reached 
 Railway, 
 hours. 
 
 by Boston and 
 from Boston, 
 
 Maine 
 
 in 
 
158 
 
 IJKADSHAW S UNITED STATES. 
 
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 Portland (0>-^^oh).— Seat of Mult- 
 uomnh County; piniubition (1880), 
 17,577. 
 
 Hot'dtt: Occidental, Clarendon, 
 St. Charles, Holtou Kwmond. 
 
 Conveyances : Tniinwaj'S in the 
 principal streets. 
 
 AmuKemnnfn: The Theatre, with 
 l.'MM) sents, Odd Follows and several 
 other spacious halls. 
 
 Voitt ami Telegraph Office : In the 
 Cistom House. 
 
 linf/iigh Consul : A. A. Annesley, 
 Consul. 
 
 Jia Ill-era ; Bank of British 
 Columbia. 
 
 Medical: Dr. V. P. Keene, Dr. 
 William Jones, Dr. A. Bcvan. 
 
 The chief town of Ore{?on, thoupfh 
 not the capital. It is situated on a 
 tableland on the west bank of the 
 "VVillinmetto River. The town is sur- 
 rounded by a riuijra of fir-covered 
 lulls, with the Cas?ado Mountains 
 in the distance. Its streets are regu- 
 lar, wide, and well paved, and 
 liglited by gas. In the residential 
 quarters they are also shaded by 
 trees. An ornamented jjark-like 
 garden, over 300 feet wide, extends 
 through the wlu la length of the town 
 which also contains some fine i)ublic 
 buildings. It is a port of entry. 
 The Custom House, Odd Fellows and 
 Masonic ILills, the covered Market, 
 and the County C'o«rf buildings are 
 nil very fine. The TAbrary Association 
 lias n'lai'ge reading room, with a 
 library of over 10,()<K) volumes. 
 
 Excursions are very abundant and 
 varied ; u]) the ColumVna River to 
 the Cascades and the Dalles ; Wal- 
 lula, Kalama and Puget Sound ; 
 Victoria, Astoria, Clatsop Beach,and 
 various others. The sportsman will 
 also find heie an excellent field. 
 
 Reached by Central Pacific Rail- 
 way, from San Francisco, via Redd- 
 ing, in 29 hours. 
 
 Portsmouth {New Hampshire).— 
 Seat of Rockingham County ; popu- 
 lation (1880), 9,732, 
 
 Hotels: Rockingham, American, 
 Kearsage, National. 
 
 The only seaport in New Hamp- 
 shire. It is an exceedingly curious 
 old town, with well-shaded streets 
 and quaint old buildings on a penin- 
 
 sula on the south side of Piscataqua 
 River. It is an intermediate place 
 for visitors to the Islands of Shoals, 
 barren islands, with some hotels 
 much frecpiented in summer for sea 
 bathing. Except for a narrow strip 
 connecting it with the mainland, 
 Portsmouth is entirely surrounded 
 by water. The harbour is deep and 
 safe, and the town has a very tran- 
 (luil Dutch look about it. The 
 Athena.Mim, the church of St. John, 
 Wentworth Mansion, and Sir Wm. 
 PepiJorell's monument near the 
 Naval Yard, are special objects of 
 interest. On Continental Island is 
 the United States Nary Yard and a 
 floating dock. On New Castle 
 Island is also a summer hotel. 
 
 Reached by Boston and Maine 
 Railway, from lioston, in 2 hours. 
 
 Portsmouth ( Virginia). — Norfolk 
 County; population (1880), 11,388. 
 
 Hotels: American, Peabody, 
 Crawford. 
 
 Situated at the mouth of the 
 Elizabeth River, opposite Norfolk, 
 and a sea-port, regularly laid out 
 and well built. Its harbour is one 
 of the best on the coast, and is 
 accessible to the largest vessels. 
 The U. S. Nary Yard is at Gosport, 
 south of the town, and has a 
 splendid dry dock. 
 
 Near by is a Naral Hospital and 
 several other buildings of note. 
 
 Reached hy Baltimore and Ohio 
 Railway, lid Richmond, from Balti- 
 more, in 10| hours. 
 
 Pottsville {Pennsylrania). — Seat of 
 Schuylkill County ; population 
 (1880), 13,253. 
 
 Hotels : Exchange, Merchants', 
 Penn's. 
 
 Situated on the Schuylkill River, 
 at the mouth of the Norwegian 
 Creek, upon the edge of the great 
 Schuylkill coal basin. Its coal- 
 mining business is considerable, 
 but it also possesses foundries, 
 rolling-mills, &c. It was founded 
 in 1825. The chief buildings of note 
 are the Court House, Opera House, 
 Jail or Prison, Town Hall and 
 Union Hall. Its railway and canal 
 trallic are enormous. 
 
 Reached by Philadelphia and 
 Reading Railway, from Phila- 
 delphia, vid Reading, in 4J hours. 
 
VORTLAND— PROVIDENX'E. 
 
 .59 
 
 River, 
 vvegian 
 e great 
 coal- 
 erable, 
 mdries, 
 oundecl 
 of note 
 House, 
 ill and 
 d canal 
 
 a and 
 rhila- 
 ours. 
 
 Poughkeepsie {^cw rorfr).--Seat 
 of Dutfhes.s County ; population 
 (18S0), 20,207. 
 Hotels: Nelson House, Grocrory. 
 Situated on a hi<jh i)liitoau, 200 
 feet above the Hudson River. It is 
 a famous educational resort, pos- 
 pessinjf no less than H coUoj^cs. 
 V<i»siir Colle.ije is perhaps the lead- 
 inij female college in the United 
 States. It has also extensive 
 manufactories of glass, iron, and 
 farming implements. The CoUhiy- 
 u-ooil Opera Ilnnne is a fine building, 
 and can scat 2,2(iO peoj)lo. Two 
 miles north of the town stands the 
 Jns<n>e Ai>t/lHiii of the Slufc, over- 
 looking the Hudson. From New 
 Paltz Landing, on the opposite b.cuk 
 of the Hudson River, stai^es run to 
 L'tke Mohonk, with a good hotel. 
 This is a celebrated summer resort, 
 •with fine scenery. Other places of 
 interest iu the vicinity are Hyde 
 Tark, Kingston and IJoudont. 
 
 Reached bv New York Central 
 and Hudson "^River Riiilway, or by 
 steamer from Now York, in 2^ 
 hours. 
 
 Providence {Rhode Ishnul). — 
 Seat of Providence County; popu- 
 lation (18S0), 117,628. 
 
 Hotels: Aldrich, City, Narragan- 
 S3tt, Dorrance, Providence, Central, 
 the latter on the European system. 
 
 Theatres and Ammements : The 
 Opera House, with 1,600; and Low's 
 Opera House, with 1,300 iieats ; 
 Music Hall, with 2,2(K) seats ; 
 Howard's, Beethoven, and Dramatic 
 Halls. 
 
 Conceynnces: Tramways to all 
 ]Korts and suburbs (fare 5 cents). 
 Carriages, 1 dol. per hour. Steam- 
 boats to New York, four times a 
 day. 
 
 Post and Telegraph Office : Nenr the 
 Arcade, in Westminster-street. 
 
 Races, Sports: The trotting races 
 tike place at the Narragansett 
 Trotting Park. 
 
 Bankers : Bank of Providence. 
 
 Medical: Dr. Harris and Dr. 
 Brown. 
 
 Providence, the second city in 
 wealth and population in the 
 New England States, and a 
 port of entry, is picturescpiely 
 
 situated on both sides o: the Provi- 
 dence River (also cillt!.! Black- 
 stone River) at the Ii'mI of Narra- 
 gansett and I'rovidenc." Hays, antl 
 35 miles from the sji. It was 
 founded in 1636 by one Roger 
 Williams, and was incorporated in 
 1832. It h;is extensive manufac- 
 tiires, especially of cotton and 
 woollen goods, iron, jt'wollery, etc. 
 In the town are ovor 60 woollen, 
 and over KK) cotton mills, an(l 
 some -10 banks. The ground 
 being undulating, tlie town is 
 irregularly laid out, and its 
 business centre is very closely 
 built. 
 
 The principal buildinirs are: The 
 Citi/ Half, on HxcVi!ini,''o-i)lace, and 
 fronting it the 'Solilicr's Monnmefif, 
 to victhns of the Civil War. The 
 County Court llousp, ou corner of 
 College-street and Benefit-street, is 
 an imposing biiildiuLr. The Arcade 
 V)etween Westminster and .Wey- 
 bosset streets is the largest in the 
 States, and close to it is the Custom 
 House, with the Poxt Ojfice. The 
 Union Depot, or Railway Station, on 
 Exchange-place, is a large and 
 handsome building. The State 
 Home, in North Main-street, the 
 New Opera House, and the Buthr 
 Exchange, in Westminster-street, aro 
 all large edifices. On High-street a 
 cathedral is now l)uilding. Several 
 of the numerous churches aro 
 worth a visit. The builtlings of 
 Brown Uuirersity, on Prospect- 
 sti'eet, in the eastern part of the 
 town, were founded in 1767, This 
 Universitj' hsis fine grounds, exten- 
 sive buildings, an(l a library of 
 over 50,000 voluines, in fire-proof 
 rooms. The Athen(eum, corner of 
 College and Benefit streets, is a 
 granite Ijuildiiig of fine proportions, 
 and contains a library and some 
 good pictures. The Rhode Island 
 Historical Society has a fine 
 building opposite University 
 Grounds. The Friends' School 
 and the Lunatic Hospital are on 
 the Seekonk River, and fine views 
 are obtained fi-om them. Several 
 other charitable institutions are well 
 endowed, and occupy handsome 
 buildings. An especially interesting 
 object is the State Farm, in Cran- 
 ston, occupying an area of about 
 500 acres, in" which are situated the 
 Workhouse, House of Correction, 
 
T 
 
 160 
 
 IJILVDSIIAW S UNITED STATKS. 
 
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 Til 
 
 ■ n. ''hi 
 
 A'm-ihons?, Lunatic Asylum, and 
 
 {St ito I'risdii. 
 
 Rofjn' Wif/iaiim Park, of about KM) 
 iv'-'rcs in cxti'iit, is uojir the western 
 shore of the JJay, to the south of the 
 city. Sirmi Point Cemfifcri/ is north 
 of the town, ()vorl;)okin<,' tlio liliick- 
 «tone rivei', !in<l is very tiisfofiilly 
 hiid out and ornamented. I'rosprct 
 Trrracp on Con'jr(h)n-strect com- 
 mands a fine view of the town and 
 environs. Favourite drives are to 
 y<(}')'(i</<iHK'ff Trot till I) I'tivk, in 
 Cranston; Jlunf'x Mill, with its 
 little cascade; I'airfuxetf, a sca- 
 l):ith'ni^ villu'j^e with a fine l)cach ; 
 lliclcii J'liiiif, Silrn' Spriinj, nn(l 
 excursions to Sqnuntnm and New- 
 2>ort. 
 
 Reached by New York, Provi- 
 <lnn"e, and Boston Railway, from 
 I.'ew York, iu 7 h;)urs. 
 
 Pueblo {Coloriido) .—Seixt of Pueblo 
 County; population (iNjsO) 7,S2l. 
 
 Hotels: Numa, Pittsl-urpfh C'om- 
 mercial, Lindell, in Pueblo proper. 
 Orand Central, Gloljo, and Victoria, 
 in South Pueblo. 
 
 Bankers : 1st National Bank. 
 
 Situated on the Arkansas River, 
 at the mouth of Fontaine Creek, it 
 is the chief town in Southern Colo- 
 rado. It is rapidly increasing in 
 importance, and is becoming a 
 jj^reat railway centre. Some fine 
 public buildings are also springing 
 up. Ther are two Opera Houses 
 and a Music Hall. From here the 
 (Colorado Springs, Manitou, Pike's 
 Peak, Garden of the Gods, Monu- 
 Tnent Park and other famous Colo- 
 rado resorts may be visited. The 
 celebrated Indian Pueblos are fur- 
 ther south. 
 
 Reached by Atchison, Topeka and 
 Santa F^ Railway, from Kansas 
 City, cid Atchison, in 29 hours. 
 
 Q,uincy (I/^tHoi«).— Seat of Adams 
 County ; population (1«80) 27,275. 
 
 Hotels : Tremont, Windsor. 
 
 Situated on the Mississippi, on a 
 high l)luff 130 feet above the water ; 
 170 miles above St. Louis. It is a 
 beautiful and regularly laid-out 
 town, one of the most important in 
 
 Illinois ; it has tramways, gas, four 
 ]»arks, and several cemeteries. It is 
 a very important railway centre, 
 while its manufacturing, commer- 
 cial and agricultural interests are 
 also extensive. 'I'here are several tino 
 buildings in th'jtown, among which 
 may ))e mentioned the Opera H()U.se 
 with 1)50 seats. The Susjuiislon 
 Jiridi/c on which the Missis8ipi)i is 
 crossed, is one of the finest struc- 
 tures in the world. The Fitif 
 Grouinls is a well laid-out and orna- 
 mental park of ab;)Ut HO acres. 
 
 Reached by Chicago, Ibirlington 
 and Quincy Railway, from Chicago, 
 via Galcsburg, in 9i hours. 
 
 Quincy (Mass'ichngetts). — Nor- 
 folk County ; population (1880), 
 12, lit. 
 
 ICoteU: Old Sipiantum, Albion, 
 Atlantic, New Sipiantum. 
 
 A bcautifid old town on Quincy 
 B;iy in Boston llarl)our. It is 
 especially noteworthy as the l)irth- 
 l)lace and home of Adams & Quincy. 
 It has several large halls, and has 
 some considerable m ufactories. 
 Granite is extensively |uarried in 
 the neiglibourhood. There is little 
 to interest the tourist. 
 
 Reached l)y Old Colony Railway', 
 from Boston, in one hour. 
 
 Hacine {Wisiovun) .—^ent oi Racine 
 County ; population (1880), 16,031. 
 
 Hotels: Commercial, Blake, Con- 
 gress, Huggins. 
 
 An interesting town, beautifully 
 situated on Lake Michigan, at the 
 mouth of the Root River. It has 
 several important manufactoiies, 
 chiefly of agricultural machines and 
 implements. Its harbour is one of 
 the best on the lake, and it has an 
 extensive commerce. It has wide, 
 straight, and well shaded streets, of 
 which Main-stveet is the chief 
 thoroughfare. Racine College, foun- 
 ded in 1834, is a thriving institution, 
 and occupies some handsome build- 
 ings. Washburn Hospital, several 
 Moman Catholic churches, and con- 
 vents are noteworthy. 
 
 Reached by Chicago and North- 
 western Railway, from Milwaukee, 
 in one hour. 
 
PUEBLO — UICHMOXD. 
 
 161 
 
 North- 
 raukee, 
 
 Raleigh {North Curo/iM«).— CapiUil, 
 of the State nnd seat of Wako 
 County ; population (1880), 7,630. 
 
 Hotel* : Central, National, Yar- 
 borough House Exchange. 
 
 Situated six miles West of the 
 Neuse River, and nearly in the 
 centre of the State. It is regulorly 
 laid out, the centre being formed by 
 Union Square, a small i)ark of ton 
 acres. From here, four streets 
 extend towards the extremities of 
 the town, dividing it into four e'lutil 
 parts, each emV)ellished b,, a small 
 T)ark of four acres. The prin-^ipal 
 building, the Stute House, modelled 
 after the Athenian Parthenon, is in 
 Unicm S(iuare. The Post Office and 
 Custom House, I unatic Asylum, 
 Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, 
 State Geological Museum, Peniten- 
 tiary, several large Theatres and 
 Halls, etc., are all public l)uildings 
 of note. The principal produce is 
 tobacco, and this forms the stajjle 
 article of trade and manufacture. 
 It is, to some extent, a winter 
 resort, but is not much fre- 
 quented. 
 
 Reached by Richmond and Dan- 
 ville Line, from Richmond in 12^ 
 hours. 
 
 Reading (Pennsylcanii). — Seat of 
 Berks County; popuhition (1880), 
 4:3,280. 
 
 Hotels : American, Mansion, Key- 
 stone, Grand, Central, Merchants. 
 
 Theatre and Amusements: Grand 
 Opera House and Academy of Music, 
 each containing about 1,000 seats; 
 Library and Maennerjhor Halls 
 each 800 seats. 
 
 Conveyances: Tramways (fare 
 5 cts.) 
 
 Post and Telegraph Offices: On 
 Penn-square. 
 
 Situated on the Schuylkill River 
 and Canal, it is the third town in 
 manufactures and fifth in popula- 
 tion of Pennsylvania. It is sur- 
 roxinded by hills, is regularly laid 
 out, and its straight streets are 
 lined with fine buildings. The 
 centre occupies Penn-square. The 
 City Hall, at the Corner of Franklin 
 and 5th-street, with a public library 
 is very fine, as also the Court House, 
 on 6th-3treet. Other prominent 
 
 buildings are the Grand Opera 
 House, Academy of Muse, County 
 Prison, and Trinity Church, of the 
 31 Uuadiug has. The town is situ- 
 ated in a very fertile district, and 
 its agricultural interests are con- 
 siderable. The manufacture of 
 iron and woollen goods, hats, otc. 
 arc the chief sources of wealth to 
 the town. Most of the inhabitants 
 are of German origin, and the 
 dialect spoken here recalls that of 
 the early settlers. 
 
 Near Reading there arc several 
 places of interest to the tourist. 
 White Spot, on Penn Mountain, has 
 a very extensive view ; the Switch- 
 b.ich, on Neversink Mountain, also 
 a Mineral Spring, and City Park 
 Hotel are favourite points for ex- 
 cursions. 
 
 Reached by the Pennsylvania 
 Railway, from Phil.idelphia, in 2.i 
 luiurs, v':d Pottstown. 
 
 Richmond (Indiana). — Wayni> 
 County; population (1880), 12,743. 
 
 Hotels : Arlington, Bryson, Gi- 
 thens, Grand, Huntington' 
 
 Situated on the White Water 
 River, it is a prosperous town, and 
 the centre of a rich agricultural 
 district. It has abundant watar 
 power, which drives numerous mills 
 and factories. It is handsomely 
 built, has two Opera Houses witn 
 1,(K)0 seats each, a public library, 
 20 churches and many other i)ublic 
 and private residences. The 
 Quakers form the largest jmrtion of 
 the inhabitants of Uiclimond. 
 Tramways traverse the principal 
 streets, and it is altogether a rising 
 town. The Earlham College and 
 Friends' Academy, two notededuca- 
 tional establishments, are owned 
 by the Quakers, The town also 
 has a fine Park called the Fair 
 Grounds. 
 
 Reached by Chicago, St. Louis, & 
 Pittsburg Railway, via Chicago, in 
 114 hours. 
 
 Richmond (F<>ir'MVO.- Capital of 
 Virginia, and seat of Henrico 
 County; population (1880), 03,Ho3 
 
 Hotels: Ballard, Exchange, on 
 Franklin-street, For I's, Amoritiau, 
 St. James'. 
 
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 BRADSflAW S UNITED STATKS. 
 
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 Bent aur ant » and Cafc» : Pizzini'8, 
 B road- street ; Zetlund's, 11th arul 
 BaJik-strcet ; Antoino's on Main- 
 street. 
 
 Theatre and Amu$ement»: The 
 Theatre, with 1,200 scats, Virjfinia 
 Opera House, Mozart Hall, Mon- 
 tieello, Theatre Comicjuc, and 
 SJinjfer Halle. 
 
 Conveyances: Tramways through 
 all principal streets and to 8ubur))8 
 (fare 5 cents). Omnibuses at the 
 railway stations and steamboat 
 landin.s^'s, and carriages at various 
 points in the town. From station to 
 any point in town, 50 cents ; i)er 
 hour, IJ dols. and 1 dol. for each 
 additional hour oi fraction. 
 
 Post and Telegraph Office in main 
 street, between 10th and 11th 
 streets. 
 
 Richmond, the most important 
 town o ■ both Virginias, is situated 
 on the northern bank of the James 
 River. It is built, like Rome, on 
 seven hills, and surrounded by 
 beautiful scenery. The streets are 
 wide and straight, while many of 
 the residential thoroughfares are 
 bordered on each side with grass 
 and flower gardens. The Province 
 was first discovered by Sir Walter 
 Raleigh in 1554, and named in 
 honour of Queen Elizabeth " Vir- 
 ginia." The town was founded in 
 1737, and incorporated in 1742. In 
 1779, while still only a small village, 
 it became the capital. In the prin- 
 cipal epochs of American history, it 
 has been the scene of many political 
 dramas. During the Civil W ars it 
 was the capital of the Southern 
 States, and as such suffered greatly 
 in the attempts of the Federal forces 
 to capture it. The earthworks then 
 thrown up as defences may still be 
 traced. In 1865, just before its 
 capture by the Federal forces, the 
 •Confederates set fire to some tobacco 
 warehouses and public stores, and a 
 ^eat part of the town was thus 
 destroyed. It is rapidly increasing 
 now, and carries on an immense 
 trade in tobacco and flour. The 
 manufactures comprise heavy 
 machinery and ironworks, railway 
 plant, sugar refining, and the 
 making of cigars, cotton goods and 
 flour. Richmond is in connection 
 by railway with all parts of the 
 States, and its shipping ia also very 
 considerable. 
 
 The i)rincipal thoroughfare is 
 Main-street. The most i)rorainent 
 building is the State Capitol, on 
 Shockoe-hill, and in the middle of a 
 j)ark. It is on tlie ))lan of the 
 Maison Cun^e at Nismes, and tlie 
 view from its roof is very fine. In 
 the s(juare Hall in the centre of tho 
 building, and surmounted by a 
 dome is the statue of Wash- 
 ington, by Houdon. It is of life 
 size, of white marble, and repre- 
 sents Washington in the uniform of 
 an American (Jcneral during tho 
 Revolution, ('lose by, in the wall, 
 is the bust of Lafayette. Another 
 conspicuous o])ject is tho Statue of 
 Washington, by Cniwford, in front 
 of the Governor's house and the 
 west gate of Cai)itol-s(|uare. It is 
 of l)ronze, the ritler and horse being 
 of colossal size. The pedestal is sur- 
 rounded ])y the figures of Patrick 
 Henrv, Thomas Jefferson, John 
 Marshall, George Mason, Thomas 
 Nelson and Andrew Lewis. Tho 
 whole monument is very fine. At 
 other pointK of the Cajntal-square 
 are a mar])le statue of Henry Clay 
 and General Stonewall Jackson, by 
 Foley. Oocernor's House is a plain 
 building on the north-east comer of 
 Capitol-s(iuare. The State Library 
 in the capital contains over 40,000 
 volumes. Tho Historical Society 
 collections are in the buildings of 
 the Westmoreland Club. The City 
 Hall on Capitol-street is a handsome 
 building. The Custom House, Medical 
 College, Richmond College and South- 
 ern Female Institute, the BrocJcen- 
 brotigh House, of historical interest, 
 the Almshouse8,Penitentiary, Libby 
 Prison and Belle Isle are all inter- 
 esting, and worth a visit. 
 
 The Monumental church, St. 
 John's, St. Paul and the old African 
 church, are among the most note- 
 worthy. H oily wood is the principal 
 and handsomest of the several 
 cemeteries of Richmond. It occupies 
 a beautiful site, and is much em- 
 bellished by trees, shrubs, flowers 
 and handsome monuments of men of 
 note in American history. 
 
 Marshall and Monroe Park are in 
 the east end of the town. Opposite 
 the river is Manchester, con- 
 nected with Richmond by five 
 bridges across the river. The latter 
 has some cotton mills, two of tho 
 Lirgeit flour mills in the world, and 
 
 7 
 
RICHMOND — ROCK ISLAND. 
 
 163 
 
 fare is 
 orainent 
 Uol, cm 
 Idle of II 
 of the 
 [ind the 
 3no. In 
 
 of tho 
 
 1 '>y a 
 Wasb- 
 
 3 of life 
 rt repre- 
 iform of 
 •iiij? tho 
 the wall, 
 Another 
 Statue of 
 in front 
 and the 
 ■e. It is 
 rse being 
 t,al issur- 
 ' Patrick 
 m, John 
 
 Thomas 
 ■is. The 
 fine. At 
 al-square 
 nry Clay 
 ?kson, by 
 s a plain 
 comer oi. 
 e Librari/ 
 er 40,0(H) 
 r/ Societif 
 Idings of 
 The City 
 landsonie 
 e. Medical 
 nd South- 
 
 Broeketi' 
 
 interest, 
 iry, Libby 
 
 all inter- 
 arch, St. 
 d African 
 lost note- 
 } principal 
 le several 
 t occupies 
 much em- 
 »s, flowers 
 3 of men of 
 
 irk are in 
 Opposite 
 ter, con- 
 hy five 
 The latter 
 ;wo of tho 
 w^orld, and 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 the Tredepar Ironirnrkt, where the 
 cannon f()r the Confederate Army 
 were cast. The visitor may take a 
 carriage to visit the battlefields and 
 National cemeteries. 
 
 Reached by Richmond, Fredericks- 
 burg and I^oU)ni«c Railway, from 
 Washington, in 4i hours. 
 
 Boohestor (New York). —Seta of 
 Monroe County; ])opulation (1880), 
 89,3(>3. 
 
 Hotels : Brackett's, Power's, 
 Osborn, Loider's, Whitcomb. 
 National, Congress Hall, Waverley, 
 
 Thentren and Amusements : The 
 Grand Opera House and several 
 Halls. 
 
 Conveyiinces : Tramways to all 
 parts and suburbs (fare 5 cents) ; 
 carriages H dol. per hour; stage 
 coaches to surrounding towns. 
 
 Post and Telegraph Offices : In the 
 Arcade on Main-street. 
 
 Advantageously ami beautifully 
 situated on the Genesee River at the 
 Falls, seven miles from Lake On- 
 tario. Tho prodigious natural water 
 power of the several Falls has been 
 the great source of the prosperity of 
 the town. Its factories are extensive 
 and varied, and as regards its flour 
 mills it is perhaps without a rival. 
 The njirsery gardens are also a fea- 
 ture of the town, and arc well worth 
 a visit. The Erie Canal crosses the 
 Genesee River at Rochester by 
 means of an acqueduct constructed 
 by the State. 
 
 It was founded in 1810, and in- 
 corporated in 1832. It is well and 
 regularly built, and the streets are 
 well paved and planted with trees. 
 Main-street and State-avenue are 
 the principal thoroughfares. The 
 Powers block of Buildings on Main- 
 street is perhaps the most striking 
 in the town. It has a collection of 
 paintings in the upper floors, and 
 from its tower a fine view of the 
 town may be obtained. The Cifg 
 Hall at the back of the Court House 
 in Main-street is a handsome stone 
 building. The University of Roche»ter 
 on University-avenue, in the east 
 part of the town, has a library with 
 15,(XX) volumes, together with a very 
 valuable geological collection, and 
 is much visited. It occupies a 
 massive stone building. The Arc ule 
 
 Athentcum (library 20,000 volumos) 
 and County Court House, on .Main- 
 street, are noteworthy structures, 
 as are also the Rochester Savings 
 Bunk^i\(\ High School. Of churches 
 the finest are St. Patrick's Cathedral 
 (Roman Catholic), First Baptist 
 and First Presbyterian. 
 
 Other important institutions merit- 
 ing inspection are the City and St. 
 Mary's Hospital, on West-avenue, 
 the hitter building a huge big stone 
 edifice. Tho Theological Seminary, 
 with library, on University-avenue, 
 the Western House of Refuge and 
 Reformatory for Girls, all of which 
 occujjy fine buildings. A fine drive, 
 eight miles in length, is down 
 the Boulovai'd to l^ako Ontario. 
 Mount Hope Cemetery, the Acqueduct 
 acn)ss the Genesee River, and tho 
 Oenesee Falls are well worth visiting. 
 The latter are best seen from the 
 bridge above the mill or down the 
 stairway at the bottom of the Fall. 
 There are three falls, one 06 feet 
 high, the second 2H feet, and tho 
 third 84 feet ; l)etween them are 
 some rapids. 
 
 Reached by New York Central and 
 Hudson River Railway, from New 
 York, in 12 hours, from Buffalo in 'i. 
 hours. 
 
 Bockford (///inoM).— Seat of Win- 
 nebago County; population (1880), 
 13,136. 
 
 Hotels : American, Edwards, 
 Holland, City, Commercial. 
 
 Bankers: Winnebago National 
 Bank. 
 
 Medical ; Dr. McDonell, Dr. Lane. 
 
 Beaif fully situated on b )tli sides 
 of the Rock River. It is remarkable 
 for tho enterprising character of its 
 inhabitants. It has sevei'al con- 
 siderable factories, and carries on 
 an extensive trade. It is regu- 
 larly l)uilt, has numerous churches, 
 six ])ank8, and a number of fine 
 buildings. It has an Oper,i House, 
 and two smaller halls seating above 
 800 persons. 
 
 Reached by Chicago and Iowa 
 Railway, from Chicago, in 4 hours. 
 
 Bock Island (///»«ot»).— Seat of 
 Rock Island County ; population 
 (1880), 11,660. 
 
 F 2 
 
1G4 
 
 BRADSHAW S UNITED STAirCS. 
 
 ■ hi 
 
 i 
 
 
 U ": 
 
 hi! 
 
 H 
 
 1 ,. 
 
 JloteU : Harper, Commercial.Rock 
 Island. 
 
 Situated on the Mississippi River, 
 divided here by Rock Island, thi*ee 
 miles lonar, whence it derives its 
 name. The Rock River enters the 
 Mississippi a little below the town. 
 Moline, higher up the river, lies at 
 uhe other end of the Island. 
 From sixteen miles aliove Mo- 
 line, to three miles below 
 it, extend the Upper Rupids, 
 which furnish, by means of a dam 
 at Moline, enormous water power. 
 This is employed in numerous 
 factories. The County Bidldhiga, 
 Theological Institute, and Auguittann 
 College, Harper's Theatre are among 
 the noteworthy buildings. On the 
 Island, which is the property of the 
 Federal Government, is an Arsenal 
 . and Armoury, with very extensive 
 liuildings. The island is laid out, and 
 is much resorted to in summer as a 
 liark, baths, etc. Several fine 
 bridges connect it with all three 
 towns. Daveni)ort opposite, and 
 Moline above Rock Island, are worth 
 a visit. 
 
 Reached by Chicago, Burlington 
 •ind Q':iiicy Railway, from St. Louis, 
 in 10 hours. 
 
 Sacramento {California.) .— Cai)ital 
 of the State and Seat of Sacramento 
 County; population (1880), 21,420. 
 
 Hotels: Grand, Capitol, Orleans, 
 Langiinm, Golden Eagle, Union, 
 Western, State, Paciflc. 
 
 Theatres and Amusements: The 
 Metropolitan Theatre, with over 
 1,000 seats; the Pavilion and Odd 
 Fellows Hall, witl each 500 seats. 
 
 Conveyances: Tramways and car- 
 riages. 
 
 Beading Rooms: In the first 
 Hotels, for newspapers; in the 
 Library of the Capitol, for books, 
 etc. 
 
 Post and Telegraph Offices: On 
 San Francisco-streot. 
 
 Situated on the East Bank of the 
 Sacramento River, a mile below 
 the mouth of the American River. 
 It is the third town of the State in 
 size and in p()])ulation, and is built 
 on a broad i)lain. It is a very rt- 
 tractive town, with wide t-traight 
 streets. The dwelling-lunises are 
 mostly of wood, and are surrounded 
 
 by gardens, which owing to the mild- 
 ness of the climate, are evergreen. 
 The streets are lined with trees. 
 The principal building in the town 
 is the Capitol, which is one of the 
 fine:at structures in the United 
 States. In it is the State Library, 
 with over ;i.>,000 volumes. The 
 Sacramento is another Library, 
 and contains about 8,000 volumes. 
 The Agricultural Society possesses a 
 fine nice-course, where matches are 
 held annually, in September. Many 
 fine churches, schools, and other 
 ])ublic institutions, will attract the 
 notice of the tourist. The town is 
 less remarkable for what it actually 
 is at present, tha'i for what it has 
 once been. It >"as suffered greatlj' 
 from flres {\\m inundations, owing 
 to the lowness of its site. The Ims-- 
 ness porticm of the town had to be 
 raised originally 8 feet, and is now 
 protected by adum— "the levee." 
 Sacramento carries on an extensive 
 trade, and has important industries, 
 such as the cantiing of salmon jukI 
 ^"nit. It is also an important rail- 
 way centre. 
 
 Reached Ijy Central Pacific Rail- 
 way, from San Francisco, in four 
 hours. 
 
 St. Augustine [Florida) .—Scat of 
 St. John County; population (1880), 
 2,293. 
 
 Hotels: Magnolia, St. Augustine, 
 Florida. 
 
 The town is situated on the Atlan- 
 tic Oceai., 33 miles from Jackscm- 
 ville at the mouth of the Matanzas 
 River, and is an important i)ort. It 
 was founded in 1565, by the Spaniard 
 Menendez. Fronting it lies Anasta- 
 sia Island, a natural breakwater, 
 which cuts off the sea view 
 entirely. St. George, Charlotte, Bay 
 and Tolomato streets are the princi- 
 pal thoroughfares. The streets are 
 narrow and crooked. The town has 
 many chaif^cteristics of Mediaeval 
 Spain about it, and on that account 
 is very interesting. It is a noted 
 winter resort, and many wealthy 
 " Northerners " possess fine villas 
 here. Their number is increasing 
 annually, and St. Augustine may 
 possibly soon become the Nice of 
 the new world. The society is very 
 fashionabi'% and the luxury of life 
 here is becoming proverbial. The 
 
SACKAMEXTO— ST. LOUIS. 
 
 165 
 
 (1880), 
 
 Atlan- 
 
 ckson- 
 
 atiinzas 
 
 (ort. It 
 
 pallia rd 
 
 Auasta- 
 
 i water, 
 
 view 
 
 tte, Bay 
 
 lirinci- 
 
 ets are 
 
 jwiihas 
 
 edia?va 1 
 
 lCC()»lllt 
 
 noted 
 .vealthy 
 villas 
 reasiiif? 
 
 e may 
 Nice of 
 
 is very 
 
 of life 
 il. The 
 
 Cuthrdritl is a very curious building 
 nnd the old Spaiiinh Forf of S<in 
 Marco is interestinyf. '\!\\cSen Wall, 
 with the United States Barracks at 
 the south end, is another object of 
 interest, and is lary^ely fre(iuente(l 
 on moonlij^ht nii^hts. It protects 
 the town from the sea and is nearly 
 « mile lonj^, Cit}/ Gate at the head 
 of Geor<?e-street is another curiosity. 
 Several convents and the Governors 
 Palace are noteworthy. 
 
 Pleasant excursions are made 
 from St. Auf?ustine to North Beach, 
 South Beach, the Oranj^e Groves in 
 the environs, Matanzas, Fish's 
 Island, Matanzns Inlet and Sul])hur 
 Si)rinj?, 2^ miles out to sea from 
 ^Matanzas. 
 
 St. Au<?ustine attracts annually 
 nbout 1(),(K)0 winter visitors, anil 
 ilurinj? that season it is very s^ay. 
 The annual mean temperat.ire is 
 70 dej^rees Fahr. and winter mean 
 58 dei,'iees Fahr. The climate is 
 mild and very steady. 
 
 Reached by Baltimore and Ohio 
 Railway, from Washington, via 
 Jacksonville, in 13 hours. 
 
 St. Johnsbury (IV/vkohO.— Scatof 
 Caledonia County ; population 
 (1880), 0,806. 
 
 Hotels : Avenue, Cottage, St. 
 Johnsbuiy. 
 
 A i)loasiiig town on the Passurap- 
 sic River, with considerable manu- 
 facturing interests. The Court 
 House is a handsome ))uilding, while 
 •several fine churches and private 
 <lwellings attract the eye of the 
 visitor. The Athenceum, with a 
 library of 10,000 volumes is note- 
 worthy. In front of the Court 
 House is a handsome soldiers' irioiiu- 
 ment. The Couuecticut valley ends 
 here; the scenery around is very 
 fine. 
 
 Reached by Boston nnd Lowell 
 Railway, from Boston, via Wells 
 River, in 0^ hours. 
 
 St. Joseph (3/iMOHrj).— Seat of 
 Buchanan County ; population 
 (1880), 32,481. 
 
 Hotels: Pacific, Union Depot. 
 
 A rapidly increasing town, advan- 
 tageously situated on the Missouri 
 
 River. It lias consideralj'.e com- 
 merce, is a busy railway centre and 
 has important manufactories. The 
 streets are wide, straight, well 
 paved and lighted with gas. Tram- 
 ways run to all i)arts of the town. 
 There area number of fine buildings, 
 and the town has undoubtedly ii 
 great future ))efore it. 
 
 Reached by Missouri Pacific Rail- 
 way, from St. Louis, in 12^ hours. 
 
 St. Louis (Missouri).— Hcixt of St. 
 Louis County- ; population (1880) 
 350,.522. 
 
 Hotels: Liinlell, Laclede, Sontheriif 
 Planter's, Banium's, Closer, iwa first- 
 class houses with rates from 2 dols. 
 to 5 dols. per day. liarnion's is also 
 on the Euroiiean system, and 
 Everett suid Broad iray are smaller 
 houses on the American i>lan. There 
 are also a lumber of smaller hotels 
 and boarding houses. 
 
 Restaurants and Cafes: French's, 
 on 5tli and IMne-streets, very good ; 
 Planter's, on Ith-street is very good, 
 has a room for ladies only, which is 
 elegantly furnished ; Ponher's, iu 
 Olive-street; Faust in Elm-street; 
 Sinclair and Beer's, Garves', Lamon 
 Pezotte, the Vienna Cato, Hilton's 
 Milford, the Fuf/lish Kitchen, and 
 Hotel Moser Restaurants. 
 
 Theatres and Anniseniputs : Tho 
 Olympic Theatre, on Walnut-Street ; 
 De Par's Opera JInuse in Market- 
 street; Grand Opera House and 
 Pope's Theatre, on Olive-street, are 
 the ])rincipal theatres. Others are 
 the Standard, the Peo|)le's, Theatre 
 Coini(iue and Pickwick Theatres, 
 The/I;'o//o GardensmuX thoseof Uhriij 
 and Schneider' t arj beer gardens, 
 witli good instrumental music iu 
 summer, and are frequented by 
 many of the wealthiest people of St. 
 Louis. 
 
 Heading Poouis, Libraries, etc. : At 
 the leading Hotels for news])a])ers, 
 etc. The Mercantile Library ill 
 Locust-Street (with (;o,(K)0 volumes) 
 has a fine reading room and soiuo 
 famous collections of i)aintings and 
 statuary, etc. The Public School 
 Library on the second floor of tho 
 Polytechnic Buildiny, in Chestnut- 
 Street, has oo.oiH* volumes. Tho 
 Academy of Science, with a museura 
 and library, and the Missouri His- 
 torical Society with coUei'tions. 
 
;ili 
 
 166 
 
 BRADSHAW S UNITED STATES. 
 
 11 
 
 ";4 
 
 
 n 
 
 ul 
 
 i! 
 
 
 *■■; 
 .1' 
 
 ;i I 
 
 .11 
 
 Conveyances: Tramways in every 
 direction (fare 5 cents) and to the 
 suburbs. Carriages are at the steam- 
 boat landings and stations, and at 
 different stands in the town. One 
 or more persons, one mile or less, 1 
 dol. ; each additional mile, \ dol. 
 more ; per hour, 2 dols. for the first 
 and 1^ dols. for each additional hour, 
 Call policemen in case of dispute. 
 Ferries to East St. Louis from Carr- 
 street, Market and Spruce-streets. 
 
 Eailtrcit/ Stations: The Union 
 Depot in Poplar-street, between 11 th 
 and 12 streets, is the terminus for 
 all roads from the east and north 
 entering St. Louis over the bridge. 
 The Wabash, St. Louis and Pacijic 
 Mailway in Biddle-street ; the Mis- 
 touri and Pacijic Mallu-ay and Atlan- 
 tic and Pacijic, on the corner of 
 Poplar and 7th streets ; the /row 
 Mountain Mailway on the corner of 
 4th-street and Cbouteau-avenue. 
 
 Sports, Saces, etc. : In Forrest- 
 park for horse racing, and in Lin- 
 dell-park is the trotting course. 
 
 Clubs: The Un'versity Club is the 
 most important, on 5th-street and 
 Broadway ; the Germania, on corner 
 of 9th and Gratiot streets ; the St. 
 Louis, comer of 16th-street and 
 ■VVashington-avcnue ; the Mercantile 
 Club, on Locust-street ; the Lieder- 
 kranz, corner of 13th-street and 
 Chouteau-avenue ; all have line 
 buildings, with every convenience. 
 Introduction by a member secures 
 all privileges. 
 
 Poxt cud Teler/raph Office: Corner 
 of 3rd and Olive-streets, open on 
 week days from 7 a.m. till 6 p.m. 
 On Sundays from 12 till 1 p.m. 
 Several sub-stations and the usual 
 letter boxes as e'.sewhere. 
 
 Bankers : Bank of St. Louis. 
 
 Medical : Dr. MacDonell, Dr. 
 Mulhall. 
 
 Ticket and Excnrnion Agents : 
 Thomas Cook & Son, Sixtli and 
 Pine streets. 
 
 St. Louis, the commercial metro- 
 polis of the Mississippi basin, and 
 the largest town west of this river, 
 is situated on three hills rising from 
 the river bank to the height of 150 
 feet. It extends aboiit 11 miles 
 along the rivei*, and m its broadest 
 portfon about three miles inland, 
 and covers in all a space of about 
 
 21 square miles. The business por- 
 tion of the city is compactly built, 
 and extends about six miles along 
 the river, by one mile inland. It 
 was founded in 1764, by Laclede, 
 one of the partners in the Louisiana 
 Fur Company, as a trading post. It 
 was incorporated in 1822, and in 
 1850 its poDulation was 74,439. 
 Since then it has advanced with 
 rapid strides, and is now the sixth 
 city as regards population in the 
 Union. Its commerce is immense, 
 especially in live stock, provisions, 
 bread-stuffs, cotton, and agricul- 
 tural produce. A large trade is 
 also done in lead. Its factories, 
 however, constitute its main source 
 of wealth. Their number in 1880 
 was 2,924, with 41,825 hands, 
 51,000,000 dols. invested capital, and 
 114,000,000 dols. value in products. 
 The lower part of the town is 
 irregular, and the streets are nar- 
 row and crooked. The newer and 
 residential (juarters are, however, 
 very regular, with straight, wide 
 streets, and broad avenues planted 
 with trees. The streets running 
 north and south are numbered, 
 with the exception of Broadway, 
 Carondelet-street and Jeffersoii- 
 a venue. Those rimning cast and 
 west are named. The house num- 
 bers 1)egin in the north and south 
 streets, from Market-street, and in 
 those crossing them at the Levee. 
 Fourth-street is the principal tho- 
 roughfare; Main, Ford, and 2nd- 
 sti-eets are cliiefly composed of 
 wholesale warehouses; Washim/ton 
 and Grand avenues are very wide, 
 and among the handsomest in the 
 town. The chief residential quarter 
 is in Lucas Place, Olive, Locust, 
 Pine streets, Washington and 
 Chouteau avenues, and around 
 Lafayette-square. 
 
 The finest building in the town is 
 the Court IIoKsf, on Chestnut and 
 Market-streets, with -^ high dome, 
 whence a fine view can be o])tained 
 of the town and environs. The 
 Chamber of Co)nmercc,\y\th. Exchange 
 Hall, in 3rd-street, is the commer- 
 cial centro of the town, and is said 
 to be the linest of its kind in the 
 country. The Masonic Temple^ 
 corner of Market and 7th sti'eets, is a 
 very fine building, especially in its 
 interior. Christ Church, in Locust- 
 Street, is a very imposing church 
 
 i 
 
T 
 
 ST. LOUIS. 
 
 1G7 
 
 !83 por- 
 y built, 
 i alons 
 nd. It 
 aclede, 
 uisiana 
 
 )OSt. It 
 
 and in 
 
 74,439. 
 id with 
 le sixth 
 
 in the 
 imense, 
 visions, 
 ngricul- 
 rade is 
 ctories, 
 1 source 
 in 1880 
 
 hands, 
 tnl, and 
 roducts. 
 ;owu is 
 ire nar- 
 iver and 
 lowever, 
 it, wide 
 I)laiited 
 running^ 
 inhered, 
 oadway, 
 efferson- 
 nist and 
 so nura- 
 id south 
 
 and in 
 
 Levee, 
 pal tho- 
 nd 2nd- 
 losed of 
 tshinf/ton 
 wide, 
 in the 
 
 quarter 
 
 Locust, 
 and 
 
 around 
 
 town is 
 tnut and 
 Vi dome, 
 ()])tained 
 IS. The 
 xcbauge 
 cominer- 
 d is said 
 d in the 
 
 Temple, 
 eets, is a 
 \y in its 
 
 Loeust- 
 r church 
 
 it 
 
 
 edifice, wiJle the Cathedral 
 (Roman Catholic), in Walnut-street, 
 is a splendid structure. The 
 City Hall is in Market-street. The 
 Four Courts in Clark-avenue con- 
 tain an iron prison, so constructed 
 that the watchmen have all the cells 
 at once under their eyes. The 
 Custom House, Post Office, and Sub- 
 Treasury, in Olive-street, is a huge 
 building, and the most costly in 
 the town. The most elaborately 
 decorated is the building of the 
 Columbia Life Insurance Company, 
 in Locust-street. The Levee, Re- 
 imblican Building, the Union 
 Market, St. Louis Elevator, and 
 United States Arsenal, in the 
 extreme south end of the town, are 
 also worthy of a visit. The Great 
 Bridge across the Mississippi from 
 foot of Market-street to East St. 
 Louis, is regarded as one of the 
 greatest triumphs of modern 
 engineering. It has three spans 
 resting on four piers, each span 
 being over 500 feet in length. It 
 was erected at a cost of over ten 
 million dollars, and visitors should 
 not fail to inspect it. 
 
 Among other noteworthy churches 
 the First Presbyterian, on Lucas- 
 place, may be mentioned. It has a 
 fine to vver, is richly decorated inside, 
 and built in the Gothic style of 
 architecture. Union Church, in 
 Locust-street, St. Peter and Paul 
 (Catholic), in Allen-avenue, St. 
 Alphonso (Catholic), in Grand- 
 avenue ; Baptist Church on Beau- 
 mont-street ; the Synagogue, or 
 Jewish Temple, corner of 17th and 
 riuo-streets, are very fine. The 
 Pilgrim Congregational Church, 
 in Washington-avenue, is also very 
 fine, and has a belfry with 
 chimes. 
 
 Washington University is a large 
 building on Washington-avenue. It 
 is a thriving institution, founded in 
 1853. The Mercantile Lilirury, 
 corner of 5th and Locust-streets, is a 
 very noteworthy institution, the 
 libniry and reading-room being free. 
 In the hall are some ])aintings, 
 statuary, and other collections. 
 The aS^ Louis University (Jesuit) 9th 
 and Washington-avenue, was 
 founded in 1829, has a valuable 
 museum, and is well attended. The 
 Polytechnic, on the corner of 
 Chestnut and 7th streets, is commo- 
 
 dious, the Public School Library, on 
 the 2nd floor, having over (5(),000 
 volumes. Mary Institute, St. Louis 
 Law School, College of Christian 
 Brothers, High School, and Con- 
 cordia College, are all thriving 
 educational establishments, and 
 occupy fine buildings. 
 
 The charitable institutions of the 
 town are remarkalile. In the first 
 place there is the County Lunatic 
 Asylum, on Arsenal-road, with Poor 
 House and House of Industry 
 beyond. The former has grounds 40 
 acres in extent, and an artesian 
 well, 3,843 feet deep. The City 
 Hospital, on Lafayette-avenue ; the 
 Deaf and Duml) Asylum, the Work- 
 house, and House" of Refuge, the 
 U. S. Marine Hospital, ancl the 
 Convent of the Good Shepherd, are 
 among the most noteworthy. The 
 Exhibition Building, in Missouri 
 Park, is a noble edifice, and has, 
 besides a permanent industrial, etc., 
 exhibition hall, an art gallery, and 
 a music hall. 
 
 The Public Parks and s(iuares of 
 St. Louis are equally numerous, as 
 very tastefully laid out. The 
 principal are : Lafayette Park, in the 
 southern portion of the town, with 
 an orchestra on Thursday after- 
 noon in summer. Tower Grove Park, 
 in the south-west part of the town, 
 is a most pleasant iiromenade. 
 Shaw's Garden, adjoining it, extends 
 over 109 acres. It is a botanical 
 garden, owned bj^ Mr. Shaw, who 
 has o])ened it to the ])ublic, and 
 intends beriueathing it to the town. 
 The Fair Grounds, 85 acres in extent, 
 north of the town, has a fine 
 Zoological Garden, and an Amjihi- 
 theatre, capaV)le of seating 40,0«K) 
 people. Fair Week, the first week in 
 October, is the best time for the 
 visitor to be in St. Louis. Other 
 noted S'juares and ])arksare : Forest 
 Park, covering 1,350 acres, four 
 miles west from the Court House; 
 Missouri Park, Hyde Park, St. 
 Louis-place, Washington-scjuarc, 
 Northei'n and Lindell parks. 
 
 The City Water Works, with 
 engine rooms (open to visitors) at 
 Bissells ])oint, 3^ miles nyi the river, 
 and north of the town, are worthy 
 an inspection. Bellefounfaiue Ceme- 
 tery ccmtiiins some fine muimments, 
 and is tastefully adorned with trees 
 and shrubberies. It is situated in 
 
 J 
 
T 
 
 168 
 
 BRADSHAW S UNITED STATES. 
 
 i 
 
 f I 
 
 I 
 
 U 
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 ^i',. ,1 
 
 the north part of the town, 4^ miles 
 distant from the C'ourt House. 
 Calcury Cemetery adjoins it on the 
 north. 
 
 There are numerous places inte- 
 resting for excusions in the en- 
 virons: viz : to East St. Louis and 
 suburbs, on the opposite shore, 
 while a voyage up the river will 
 amply repay the cost or time it may 
 involve. 
 
 St. Louis is the converging point 
 for 16 important railway lines and 
 nearly 15,000 miles of river naviga- 
 tion. It owns over 650 vessels, of 
 which 210 are steamers, valued at 
 seven million dols., with a carrying 
 capacity 250,(X)0 tons. 
 
 Reached by the Missouri Pacific 
 Railway, from Omaha, in 2^ hours. 
 
 St. Paul {Minnesota). — Capital 
 of Minnesota and Seat of Ramsey 
 County; population (1880), 111,397. 
 Hotels : Merchants, Metropolitan, 
 Ryan, Windsor, Clarendon, Sher- 
 man. 
 
 Theatres and Amusements: The 
 Opera House, seating 2,300 people ; 
 the Market and Sherman Halls. 
 
 Tramways 
 cents) 
 
 to all 
 
 carriages 1 
 
 Conveyances : 
 parts (fare, 5 
 dols. per hour. 
 
 Post and Telegraph Office : In the 
 Custom House, in Wabashaw-street. 
 
 Bankers: 1st National Bank. 
 
 Medical : Dr. O'Donnell, Dr. Ray. 
 
 Dentist : Dr. Pink. 
 
 Situated on both banks of the 
 Mississippi River, 2,200 miles from 
 its mouth, it is the most populous 
 town of the State, and the commer- 
 cial centre of the great North-AVest. 
 It is situated (m several terraces, 
 forming a fine amphitheatre, open to 
 the South and following the curve 
 of the River. The site was first 
 visited as far back as 1680 hy 
 Father Hennepin. In 1766 Jonathan 
 Carver made a treaty with the 
 Dakotah Indians in Carver's Cave, 
 and in 1837 the first claim was 
 entered by Pierre Parent. The first 
 buildings were erected in 1838. The 
 town was in the first instance 
 merely an Indian trading statioii. 
 It was incorporated only in 1854, 
 but since then has steadily 
 increased in importance, more 
 especially since the completion of 
 
 the Northern Pacific Railway, of 
 which it is the Eastern Terminus. 
 
 The original town was regularly 
 laid out, but its newer portions are 
 irregular and many of the streets 
 crooked and narrow. They are all 
 well graded, partially paved and 
 lighted with gas. The United States 
 Custom House, with Post Office, is the 
 principal i)ublic building. The 
 State Capitol is a plain brick edifice 
 on high ground. It is of large 
 dimensions. The Opera House, in 
 Wabasha w-street is a very fine 
 building, and possesses a large audi- 
 torium. Many of its 50 churches 
 are handsome. The Academy of 
 Sciences has collections of nearly 
 130,000 specimej. 8 in natural history. 
 A great many circulating libraries 
 exist in the town. The public and 
 private educational esta]>lishments 
 are excellent, while several female 
 colleges enjoy a well-merited repu- 
 tation. There are also several 
 charitable institutions of note. It 
 has an extensive wholesale trade 
 and its manufactures are consider- 
 able. Several railway companies 
 have machine and car shops here. 
 
 Objects of interest and excur- 
 sions abound in the vicinity of 
 St. Paul. The natural caves are 
 many, the most noteworthy. 
 Carver's Cave, is near the river 
 in Dayton's Bluft"; Fountain Cave 
 is about two miles up the river, 
 a stream flowing through it, and 
 it is more extensive than the 
 former. Drives to White Bear 
 Lake, Bald Eagle Lake, Lake 
 Como, and Minnehaha Palls are very 
 enjoyable. Lake Como affords good 
 boating and fishing, and the City 
 Park is close by. A Icmger excur- 
 sion is to Minneapolis, and this 
 should not be omitted by the tourist. 
 
 Reached by Chicago, St. Paul, 
 Minneapolis and Omaha Railway, 
 from Milwaukee, in 16^ hours. 
 
 Salem (Massachusetts). — Esi.ex 
 County; population (1880), 28,184, 
 
 Hotels: Derby, Essex, Farragut, 
 Central, Salem. 
 
 Situated on a strip of land on the 
 sea, between the North and South 
 Rivers. It is a vcneral)lc old place, 
 having been the first permanent 
 settlement in the old colony of 
 Massachusetts. It has large manu- 
 
 i 
 
ST. PAUL — SALT LAKB: CITY. 
 
 169 
 
 ly, of 
 
 inus. 
 ?ularly 
 ms are 
 streets 
 are all 
 ed and 
 i States 
 e, is the 
 . The 
 : edifice 
 f large 
 [otise, in 
 ry fine 
 ge audi- 
 tiurches 
 iemy of 
 nearly 
 history, 
 libraries 
 L)lic and 
 shments 
 I female 
 id repu- 
 several 
 aote. It 
 ,le trade 
 sonsider- 
 •mpanies 
 )8 here. 
 I excur- 
 inity of 
 ives are 
 worthy, 
 e river 
 in Cave 
 e river, 
 it, and 
 Ihan the 
 Ite Bear 
 , Lake 
 ,are very 
 |rd8 good 
 ,he City 
 |r excur- 
 nd this 
 tourist. 
 . Paul, 
 ailway, 
 Irs. 
 
 Esf.ex 
 ^8,184. 
 irragut, 
 
 ll on the 
 ]l South 
 il place, 
 Imanent 
 nry of 
 1 rnanu- 
 
 factories. Plummer Hall, with the 
 library of the Salem AthetKBum and 
 Essex Institute, is a handsome build- 
 ing in Essex-street. Eaxt India 
 Memorial Hall contains rare and ex- 
 tensive collections. It is a port of 
 entry and has some ship building 
 yards. Peal)ody, two miles distant 
 should be visited. Gallows Hill is 
 interesting in a historical sense. 
 The Court House has nothing strik- 
 ing about it. In it are kept some 
 documents relating to the witch- 
 craft trials. The streets are very 
 irregular and niirvow. 
 
 Reached by Bc)st(m and Lowell 
 Railway, from Boston, in 2 hours. 
 
 Salem {Oreffn7i).—Ci\]nta\ of the 
 State and seat of Marion County; 
 populati(m (18S0), 2,78(5. 
 Hotels: Chenieketii, Roed. 
 Situated on Willamette River, it is 
 a very modern place. It has a repu- 
 tation for its educational resources. 
 The State House is an important 
 building. The Willamette Unirersifi/, 
 "Women's College, Sister's School, 
 the PenHevtiary, Deaf and Dumb 
 School and Institution for the Blind, 
 and an Opera House, with 1,500 seats, 
 are the other principal edifi'^cs ^fthe 
 town. It has some manafiictorics 
 and a future before it. Sjjort iu the 
 vicinity is said to be excellent. 
 
 Reached by Oregon ant, California 
 Railway, from Portland, in 3 hours. 
 
 Salt Lake City. —Capital of Utah 
 Territory; population (1880), 
 20,768. 
 
 Hotels: Walker, Towsend and 
 Continental are the best; White, 
 Wahsatch, Clift, Overland, 
 
 Valley. 
 
 Theatres and Amusements: The 
 Walker Opera House and Mormon 
 Theatre are the leading places of 
 entertainment Liberal and Shel- 
 don's Halls. 
 
 Con "i/anc's: 'iramways through 
 the prirf^'iil -reets ami sub- 
 urbs. 
 Post i felegrapli Ojfice :ln'M.i\m- 
 street, 
 
 Bankirs: Un'on National Bank. 
 
 Situated on ^ao Jordan River, at 
 the base of the slojie of the Wah- 
 satch Rivei', and 12 miles south of 
 
 the Great Salt Lake. It is the prin- 
 cipal town of Utah Territory, and is 
 beautifully laid out in s(juares of 10 
 acres each. The streets are straight 
 and well paved, and 128 feet wide. 
 All have rows of trees along them 
 and water rimning in paved gutters. 
 The City occupies an area of nine 
 square miles. The streets are lined 
 with neat and commodious resi- 
 dences, surrounded by gardens. 
 Each homestetid has its orchard of 
 pear, api)le and other fruit trees. 
 
 The chief business streets are 
 Main, Temple and 1st and 2nd South 
 streets. Here the town is somewhat 
 closely built. The Tabernacle is the 
 first object which attracts a visitor, 
 though it is devoid of all archi- 
 tectural beauty. It has an eliptic 
 form, and its enormous roof is sup- 
 l)orte(l by 46 huge sandstone pillars ; 
 15,(X)0 persons can be seated in it, 
 and its organ is the largest in 
 America. Worship, lectures, de- 
 bates, meetings, etc., take place in 
 it. The new Temple, which is yet 
 unfinished, lies a little east of the 
 Tabernacle, and enclosed within the 
 same high walls. Its estimated 
 cost is 10 million dollars. The famous 
 Endowments House is within the same 
 boundary wall. Here certain 
 mysteries and rites are performed, 
 and only Mormons about to marry 
 are allowed to enter. Briy ham's 
 Block contains Tithing House, the 
 Beehive House, Lion House and 
 several other buildings, all likewise 
 enclosed within a high wall. Oi)po- 
 site this is Amelia Palace or Gendo 
 House. The Theatre, the iluseum, 
 the Open House, City Hall, 
 Deseret University, Hammond Hall 
 are prominent public buildings. 
 The Ueseret, Holy Cross and St. 
 Marks are noted hospitals. The 
 City Prison lies at the back of these. 
 The Co-operative Store, in E. Temple- 
 street, and the Deseret JSational 
 Bank, on South Ist-street are hand- 
 some Jmsiness l)uildings. 
 
 Camp Douglas, aViOut two miles 
 east of the town, commands a fine 
 view. Salt Lake will, of course, be 
 visited ])y every tourist. The lake 
 receives the waters of several rivers, 
 but is not known to have any out- 
 let. The brine is very strong, and 
 it is asserted that the lake is 
 evaporating and its shore gradually 
 advancing. 
 
170 
 
 BRADSHAW S UNITED STATES. 
 
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 tit 
 
 
 if 
 
 a »■ 
 
 'II :' 
 
 1 ,1 
 
 Reached by Union Pacific Rail- 
 way, from Council Bluffs, vid Ogden, 
 in 36 hours. 
 
 San Antonio (Texas).— Scat of 
 Bexar County; population (1880), 
 20,550. 
 
 Hotels : Maverick, Herd, Menger, 
 Central, Vance. 
 
 Founded Ijy Spanish Missionaries 
 in 17M ; it is an old and very inter- 
 esting town. li is situated on the 
 San Antonio River at the confluence 
 with the San Pedro. It is the most 
 important town in Western Texas, 
 and has a mixed population — one- 
 third being Germans and one-third 
 Mexicpns. It is divided into San 
 Antonio proper, which lies between 
 two creeks, the Alamo on the east 
 bank of the San Antonio, and 
 Chihuahua on the west bank of the 
 San Pedro. The American (luarter 
 is the business portion of the city, 
 and has undergone considerable 
 improvements within the last 20 
 years. The other portion is situated 
 on an eminence, and is mostly in- 
 habited by Germans. Chihuahua is 
 Mexican as regards its buildings, 
 streets, etc. On the Main Plaza and 
 on the Plaza de las Armas is the 
 fine Cathedral. Fort Alamo, famous 
 in American history during the 
 Mexican wars, is on the Alamo 
 Plaza. It is a town which has 
 much to interest the visitor. The 
 c^.iicf places are the Missions, five 
 iu number. The market and street 
 scenes, especially in the Mexican 
 quarter, strike a European as very 
 peculiar. There is a United States 
 Arsenal in the town, and many of 
 the private houses are very fine. 
 San Antonio has also been visited 
 lately as a winter resort. 
 
 Reached by Galveston, Harrisburg 
 and San Antonio Railway, from 
 Galveston, via Harrisburg, in 10 
 hours. 
 
 San Bernardino (nilifoniia).— 
 Seat of San licrnardino County; 
 population (1880), 1,673. 
 
 Hotels: Starke, St. Bernardino. 
 
 ia«ter»; Farmcrs'ExchangeBank. 
 
 A much-frequented winter resort, 
 situated in a beautiful valley at the 
 foot of a mountain of same name. 
 The city is surroinided on three 
 
 sides by high mountains. The air is 
 dry, the rainfall comparatively little 
 and the climate siiitable to an outdoor 
 life. Old San Bernardino and Biver- 
 side are preferred by some to the 
 town proper as winter residences. 
 Several points of interest in the 
 vicinity add to the attractions of 
 the town as a winter residence. 
 
 Reached by Southern Pacific 
 Railway, from San Francisco, via, 
 Los Angeles, in 25 hours. 
 
 San Diego {California).— Seat of 
 San Diego County; population 
 (1880), 2,637. 
 
 Hotels : Horton House. 
 
 Bankers : Consolidated National 
 Bank, 
 
 Situated on San Diego Bay it is 
 the finest harbour on the coast next 
 to San Francisco. It was founded 
 in 1769 by Missionaries. It is 
 another of the South Californian 
 health resorts. It has a mean 
 temperature of 62 degrees Fahr. 
 Fogs and snow are unknown. The 
 Paso Bobles Hot Springs are on the 
 road from San Luis Obispo. The 
 town of San Diego has considerably 
 increased since it has become con- 
 nected with the railway system. 
 The Court House is a fine building. 
 It has several churches, some 
 academies, four newspapers (for 
 2,637 inhabitants). It is much 
 visited by consumptive and asthma- 
 tic patients. 
 
 Reached by Southern Pacific 
 Railway, from San Francisco, via. 
 Lathrop and Mojave, in 26 hours. 
 
 Sandusky (Ohio). — Seat of Erie 
 County; population (1880), 15,838. 
 
 Hotels : West, Sloane, Colton. 
 
 Situated on Sandusky Bay, on 
 Lake Erie ; it is a thriving town 
 built on rising ground. The new 
 Court House is a very fine building. 
 Bent wood and all sorts of wooden 
 articles form the staple ])roduce of 
 the town. Its trade in freshwater 
 fish is enormous. It produces also 
 coTigiderable quantitities of wine. 
 Liilcesid'} is a favourite summer 
 resort and a rendezvous for camp 
 meetings, etc. Putin Bay Islands 
 HiO also much fiefjucntcd. 
 
 l(«!iifhed by Lake Shore and 
 Michigan Southern Railway, from 
 Cleveland, in If hours. 
 
 
 f 
 
SAN ANTONIO — SAN FRANSCISCO. 
 
 171 
 
 jniris 
 y little 
 iitcloor 
 Bicer- 
 bo the 
 [ences. 
 n the 
 ms of 
 
 8. 
 
 Pacific 
 CO, via 
 
 eat of 
 ulation 
 
 ational 
 
 ly it la 
 8t next 
 "oiindcfl 
 It is 
 [fornian 
 I mean 
 s Fabr. 
 n. The 
 e on the 
 o. The 
 iderably 
 )me con- 
 system, 
 luilding. 
 some 
 j'rs (for 
 .8 much 
 asthma- 
 
 Pacific 
 ;i8CO, via 
 lOurs. 
 
 of Firie 
 115,838. 
 
 Ilton. 
 Jay, on 
 IS? town 
 I'he new 
 luildinpT. 
 
 wooden 
 [•oduce of 
 jshwater 
 ices also 
 >f wine. 
 
 STimmer 
 
 for camp 
 
 Islands 
 
 pre and 
 loy, from 
 
 San Francisco {California).— Scat 
 of San Francisco County ; popula- 
 tion (1880), 233,956. 
 
 Hotel*: The Baldwin House, the 
 Palace Hotel, and the Onind are the 
 principal hotels on the Golden Gate ; 
 all three are situated in Market- 
 street. Other flrst-closs hotels are : 
 the Lick House and Occidental, in 
 Montgomery-street ; Russ House, in 
 Bush-street. The prices at these 
 hotels vary between 2^ dols. and 4^ 
 dols. per day. Other good hotels 
 are the International, American 
 Exchange, and Brooklyn, with 
 prices from 1'75 dols. to 2\ dols. ; 
 there are besides numerous board- 
 ing houses. 
 
 Bestaurants and Cttfea : Martin^n. 
 on Commercial-street,' is celebrated 
 for its excellent cuisine. They are 
 very numerous and all very good, 
 and t;) name one would entail 
 naming all. The grill-room system, 
 here called rotisseries, are on the 
 English plan, and are numerous and 
 gfood. The table d'hite system is 
 much in vogue, the price*^ ranging 
 from 1 dol. to 50 c. including wine. 
 
 Theatre and Amusements: The 
 Grand Opera House, corner of 
 Mission and 3rd streets, can seat 
 3, 500 people, and compares favour- 
 ably with any in Philadelphia or 
 New York. It is dedicated to 
 classical opera. The California 
 Theatre, in Bush-street, and Hald- 
 win's Academy of Music are dedi- 
 cated to the drama and star per- 
 formances. These three are the 
 higher entertainment houses. The 
 Adelphi, in California-street ; the 
 Bella Union ; the Standard , Bush- 
 street Theatre, and several others 
 have variety entertainments, min- 
 strels, ccmcerts, etc. There are also 
 two Chinese theatres in Jackson- 
 street, which are a special attrac- 
 tion on account of the unique 
 character of the performances. 
 Woodward^s Oardena, in Mission- 
 street, is very popular; has a 
 menagerie, a collecton of plants, an 
 art gallery, etc. 
 
 Reading Hooms, Libraries, etc. : 
 The leading hotels have reading- 
 rooms, with all newspapers, etc. 
 The Mercantile Library, on Bush- 
 gtreet, has a very fine reading and 
 card-room. The Free Library, in 
 Pacific Hall, on Bush-street, has a 
 
 collection of over 50,(X)0 volumes. 
 The Mechanics' Institute Library, in 
 Post-street, has over 35,000 volumes, 
 and a good reading-room. The Law 
 Library in the New City Hall and 
 the Young Men's Christian Associ- 
 ation have also reading- rooms. 
 
 Museums, Art Collections, etc. : 
 Woodward' s Gardens is al)OUt the 
 only public one. There are several 
 private collectors, but their gal- 
 leries are as yet too unimijortant to 
 merit attention. 
 
 Railway Station: The only railway 
 station in San Francisco is that of 
 the Southern Pacific Railway. Other 
 railways have their stations or ter- 
 mini in one of the subm-hs, and pas- 
 sengers and freight are carried 
 across to Ouklands by ferries, some 
 of which are of large size. 
 
 Conveyancps: Tramway's, or rather 
 "endless wire cable cars" I'un to 
 every part of the town and suburbs 
 (fare, 5 centi-i). There are Omnibuses 
 at the landing stages and railway 
 stations ; also to Cliff-house, on 
 Point Lobos-road. Carriages at 
 various stands in the town. Fares : 
 one horse carriage for one person for 
 a distance of one mile 1 dol. ; 
 more *;han one person, \\ dols.; each 
 additional person and each addi- 
 tional mile 25 cents ; two horse car- 
 riage for one person, one mile, 1^ 
 dols. ; more than one person, same 
 distance, 2^ dols., and each addi- 
 tional mile for each passenger, 50 
 cents. By the hour, one horse car- 
 riage, \\ dols., and each additional 
 hour 1 dol. ; two horse carriage 3 
 dols., and each additional hour 2 
 dols. The prices are, therefore, 
 higher than in any other town of 
 the United States, where, however, 
 they are already prohiljitory accord- 
 ing to European notions. 
 
 Ferries: All the ferries i*un from 
 the wharf close to Market-street end 
 to Oakland, Saucelito, Berkeley, 
 San Quentin, San Rafael, and Alk- 
 meda (fare, 2 and 3 cents). 
 
 Races, Sports, e/c f Clo.se lo Golden 
 Gate Park is the principal I'ace 
 course. Another is near Cli If -house. 
 
 Clubs: The Union, Pacific and 
 Olympic, arc the principal clulw in 
 San Francisco. All three are 
 wea'bhy institutions and occm)y 
 handsome buildings. The Cal^for- 
 Ilia Dramatic Association and tho 
 
172 
 
 BRADSHAW S UNITED STATES. 
 
 '{ 
 
 H 
 
 J' 
 m 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 H- 
 
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 i 1! 
 
 i'!| 
 
 
 Bobcminn Club are the principal 
 literary, artistic, and musical ones. 
 The Turner Verein eucouraKCS 
 Kynnnastic exercises and has its 
 meeting place in Turk-street ; the 
 Sun Fraticittco Verein, with a library, 
 is in Sutter-street. The two latter 
 are chiefly German Chibs. Intro- 
 tluction })y a member secures all the 
 privileges of these Clubs. 
 
 Post and Telegraph Offlce .- On the 
 comer of Washington and Battery 
 streets. Open daily from 8 a.m. to 
 8 p.m., and on Sundays from 9 till 
 10 a.m. only. There are several 
 sub-stations and numerous lamp- 
 post letter boxes in the town. 
 
 Enr/lish Consul : E. Stanley, 
 Consul. 
 Bunkers: Bank of California. 
 
 Thompson, Dr. 
 
 Medical : Dr. 
 Beverley Cole. 
 
 Dentist, ; Dr. Bently. 
 
 Ticket and Excursion Agents: 
 Thomas Cook & Son, 32, Mont- 
 gomery-street. 
 
 San Francisco is one of the most 
 interesting towns in the United 
 States, both on account of its rapid 
 growth, its history, and its hetero- 
 geneous population. It is situated 
 on San Francisco Bay, and at "the 
 Golden Gate," or entrance to the 
 former. It is the chief town and 
 commercial metropolis of the whole 
 Pacific Coast. Its situation, at the 
 end of a narrow peninsula, is 
 unique. The harbour is one of the 
 safest on the coast. The first house 
 was built in 1835. The name of the 
 town was then YerV)a Bueua, or 
 "good herb," so called from a 
 medicinal plant which grew in 
 abundance in the neighbourhood. 
 In 1847 this was changed for the 
 name of San Francisco, and in 
 1848 gold was first discovered. The 
 town had at that date scarceljr l,CK)0 
 inhabitants. In 1850 it was incor- 
 porated as a town, and in 1856 the 
 city and county were consolidated. 
 In 1860 its jiopulation had increased 
 to 66,802, and in 1870 to 119,473. At 
 the present time it is estimated at 
 over 300,(X)0. Its commerce is very 
 large, the principal articles of its 
 trade being the precious metals, 
 agricultural produce, lumber, coal 
 and colonial produce. It has 
 also extensive and numerous manu- 
 factories. 
 
 The city stands on tlie iimcr slopo 
 of the ])enin8ula. The ground it 
 now stands on has been pushed 
 forward into the sea (the hills at 
 the back being steep) so that there 
 are now paved streets, where, in 
 1849, large ships usr<l to ride at 
 anchor. The business (|uarters are 
 comi)actly built, and the city, as a 
 whole, covers an area of about nine 
 S(iuare miles. It is built in the 
 shape of an ami)hitheatro, upon 
 three hills, and i)resents a striking^ 
 ai)pearance when seen from the sea 
 or l)ay. It is regularly laid out 
 with broad streets, mostly well 
 paved. The principal thoroughfare 
 is Market-street. Kctti'ney and 
 Montgomery streets are fashionable 
 l)romenades, with handsome retail 
 shops. Pine and California-streets 
 are what Wall-street is to New 
 York, or Broad-street and Lom- 
 bard-street to London, England ; 
 that is to say the chief centres for 
 Bankers, Brokers, and Insurance 
 Companies. The aristocratic resi- 
 dential (luartor is not so closely 
 built over as in New York. Cali- 
 fornia-street-hill is perhaps the 
 most aristocratic portum of the 
 town, though plutocratic would be 
 a more approja-iate name. Sacra- 
 mento, Dupont, Jackson, Pacific 
 and Commercial-streets, form the 
 Chinese (luartors. No tourist 
 should fail to visit these, however 
 limited his time. 
 
 The public buildings in San 
 Francisco are not of a particularly 
 striking character. The United 
 States Branch Mint, corner of 5th 
 and Mission-streets, is a massive 
 mixed Doric and Ionic structure. 
 Its machinery is unsur])assed in 
 perfection. The Merchants' Exchange, 
 on California-street, is a very 
 handsome, mul extensive building. 
 The St. Jgnatiiis (Roman Catholic) 
 Church, on Van Ness-a venue, is per- 
 haps the largest and finest on the 
 Pacific Coast. <*7. Patrick's Cathe- 
 dral, in Mission-street, has an ornate 
 interior. The Synagogve, in Sutter- 
 street, is a very elegant and large 
 building, with two lofty towers. 
 Another, on the corner of Post and 
 Taylor streets, is imposing, and 
 has a fine frescoed ceiling. The 
 California Market, for all sorts of 
 fish, game, meat, vegetables, fruit, 
 etc., is an interesting sight. It is 
 
 if 
 
SAN FRANCISCO — SANTA BARBARA. 
 
 173 
 
 San 
 
 Lcularly 
 
 United 
 
 of 5th 
 
 situated on Kearney and Montj?o- 
 mery streets. 
 
 The City Hall, in Yerba Buena 
 Park and Market-street, is a very 
 imposing edifice, and surpassed by 
 few in the States. The Cttgtow 
 Hou»e and Post Office, comer of 
 Washington and Battery-streets, is 
 a plain building. The United Statex 
 Appraiger's Store, in Sansora-street, 
 is a huge brick edifice. In Pine-street 
 is the granite and white marble Stock 
 Exchange. The United States Sub- 
 Treasury is in Commercial-street. 
 Several of the bank buildings in 
 California, Montgomery and Pine- 
 streets will impress the tourist. 
 The Palace and Baldwin's Hotels 
 are, however, the most imposing 
 buildings of the town. Odd 
 Fellows' Hall, in Montgomery-street, 
 Mechanics'' Institute, in Post-street, 
 and the Metropolitan Temple are 
 worthy of notice. The Opera House 
 is plain, but richly ornamented 
 inside. Centre Market, corner of 
 Sutter and Dupont-streets, deserves 
 a passing notice. Several churches 
 of various denominations will strike 
 the tourist in passing through the 
 town, none of them, however, need 
 be specially mentioned here. 
 
 The Un'vers'ty of California, is at 
 Berkeley. Thei'e is a School of 
 Design, two Medical Colleges, three 
 Academies, and numerous high 
 schools. The Charital)le Institutions 
 are very numerous, richly endowed 
 and extensive. The Golden Gate 
 Park, West of the town, covers an 
 area of over 1,000 acres. Only 
 about half of it is laid out in walks, 
 or ornamental grounds. The Con- 
 servatory in it, after the model of 
 Kew Gardens, England, is worth 
 visiting. A Pavilion, a kiosk for 
 music, and a monument to President 
 Garfield stand near the main 
 promenade. Endless wire cars run 
 to, and traverse the park. The 
 smaller parks and sf [uares are Ports- 
 month-s(iuare or Plaza, Washington, 
 Union and Columbia - squares. 
 Anion ^ the cemeteries is the 
 Liurel H'll Cemetery, with a fine 
 view from Lone Mountain, em- 
 bracing the surrounding country 
 for a great distance. Others are 
 Masonic, Odd Fellows and Calvary 
 (Catholic) Cemeteries. 
 
 No stranger should leave San 
 Francisco without visiting its 
 
 Ghetto, i.e., the Chinese quarter. A 
 visit to the theatre, gambling 
 houses, and opium dens, will prove 
 interesting. The Chinese have 
 three temples, and their number 
 is about 50,(HH). 
 
 Among the favourite drives and 
 excursions is that to the Cl^ff" House 
 with its famous cuisine. Seal Rock, 
 Golden Gate, Farallone Island, 
 Ocean House, with sea-bathing. 
 Hunter's Point, Dolores Mission, 
 Alameda, Benicia, Oakland, Sau- 
 celito, and numerous others. 
 
 Reached by Union Pacific Rail- 
 way, from Chicago, via Omaha, in 
 3 days (67 hours). 
 
 San Jose (Ca/z/or^w).— Seat of 
 Santa Clara County ; population 
 (1880), 12,5(J7. 
 
 Hotels : St. James, Aujerais. 
 
 Situated on the Guadalupe River, 
 50 miles south from San Francisco. 
 Its site is on a gently rising plateau 
 between the Guadalupe and Coyote 
 Rivers, 1^ mile in width. Its Court 
 House, a massive Corinthian struc- 
 ture, is the most notable building. 
 It is one of the most beautiful towns 
 in California, and is embowered in 
 trjes. The Alameda — a square or 
 park -was planted in 1769 by 
 Spanish Missionaries. It has wide 
 streets and tramways, gas, etc. 
 Tramways connect it with Santa 
 Clara. The jail or prison, the City 
 Hall, two Markets, 10 Churches, 
 College of Notre Dame, Methodist 
 University, several High Schools, 
 an Opera House, and Music Halls, 
 make San Jose one of the most 
 attractive towns in California. It is 
 situated in the heart of a very fertile 
 district occupied in wine growing. 
 From this industry the town derives 
 its chief wealth. The Lick Observatory 
 on Mount Hamilt(m, affords a fine 
 view of town and valley. Another 
 pleasant excursion is to "^nnta Clara 
 and the Almaden Qu'cksilver Mines» 
 The Pacific Congress Springs are 10 
 miles south-west of Santa Clara. 
 
 Reached by the Central Pacific 
 Railway, from San Francisco, in 2 
 hours. . 
 
 Santa Barbara {California).— Sent 
 of Santa Barbara County ; popu- 
 lation (1880), 3,460. 
 
 i 
 
174 
 
 BRADSHAW S UNITKD STATES. 
 
 :1IIII 
 
 
 
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 HoteU: Occidental, Arl in jifton. 
 
 Sitnated on Bftrlmra Channel, 
 opposite Santa Cniz Island. It is 
 completely sheltered from northerly 
 winds, and its climate is conse- 
 nuently verj' mild in winter. It is 
 the most fretiuented of Califomian 
 health resorts. The society is hos- 
 pitable and refined. There are also 
 some Hot Suli)hur Springs at Monte- 
 cito. The new portions of the town 
 are handsome and are tastefully 
 adorned with many varieties of 
 tropical and sub-tropical trees, 
 fruits, shrubs and flowers. A great 
 many invalids reside here all the 
 year round, or remain permanently. 
 
 Reached by Central Pacific Rail- 
 way, from San Francisco to New- 
 hall, thence by carriage, in 22 hours. 
 
 Banta P6 (iVpjr 3f?xi>o.)— Capital of 
 territory, and Seat of Santa ¥6 
 District; population (1880), 6,635. 
 
 Hotels: Palace. 
 
 Bankers : First National Bank. 
 
 Medical : Dr. Longwcll ; Dr. Sym- 
 ington. 
 
 The oldest town in the United 
 States, founded in the early part of 
 the 16tli century. For over 250 years 
 the Old Palace has been the seat of 
 the Spanish Government, It is a 
 very curious town, with many his- 
 torical memories attached to it. It 
 is the seat of a Roman Catholic 
 Archbishop. The Court House is a 
 noteworthy building. The old St. 
 Ouadalnpe church is curious. The 
 dress and customs of the people are 
 decidedly Mexican. Across the 
 creek are the Palace and Gardens of 
 the Archbishop, and the old and 
 new Cathedrals. The trade of Santa 
 F^, especially with the mines, is in- 
 creasing each year, and the town 
 has a good future before it. It was 
 once the capital of the Pueblo King- 
 dom, and is rich in historical and 
 antequarian lore. In the vicinity and 
 near Lamy, there are still some 
 tribes of the old race to be found. 
 They believe in the return of Monte- 
 zuma, who is to deliver them. 
 
 Reached by the Atchison, To- 
 peka and Santa ¥6 Railway, from 
 Kansas City, via La Junta, in 21 
 hours. 
 
 Saratoga Springs {l^ew York).— 
 Saratoga County; jwpulation (1880), 
 10,822. 
 
 Hotels: The Grand Union, United 
 States, each accommodating nearly 
 2,000 guests ; the Congress Hall on 
 Broadway and adjoining Congress 
 Park; the Clatendon facing Con- 
 gress Park, a small but very elegant 
 Hotel, frequented ))y the more 
 retiring class of visitors. The 
 Arlington, Kensington, Windsor, 
 American, Adelphi, Everett, Colum- 
 bian, Continental and sevenil others. 
 The charges vaiy bet wen 2\ and 5 
 dols. 
 
 Bankers : Citizen's National. 
 
 Medical : Dr. F. B. Reynolds, Dr. 
 C. A. Grant, Dr. R. C. McKwan. 
 
 Saratoga Springs is one of the 
 most fre(juented of inland watering 
 places in the States. The tourist 
 will do well to visit it, as it will 
 give him, perhaps the best idea of 
 American life and fashion at 
 watering places. The height of the 
 season is the month of August, and 
 though the accommodation is very 
 plentiful, it freriuently happens 
 at this time the Hotels are full to 
 overflowing. The natural attrac- 
 tions are few, the mineral s])rings 
 which are very numerous, and of 
 various comjjosition, and the beauti- 
 ful elms which shade many of its 
 streets, are, so to say, the only 
 ones. 
 
 Broadway is the principal street. 
 It runs throiigh the centre of the 
 town and is lined with shops and 
 the larger hotels. Close to the Grand 
 Union Hotel is Congress Park a 
 pleasant promenade. It is well lai(l 
 out and surrounds Congress and 
 Columbia Springs, both saline and 
 acid. Other streets are Lake-avenue, 
 Franklin and Circular streets, and 
 the Boulevard. The Indian Camp lies 
 a little to the north of the park. It is 
 occupied in summer by Indian and 
 Canadian half-breeds, who sell 
 wares of native manufacture. 
 
 It is said that the springs were 
 known and used by the Indians 
 before 1535, the date of the arrival 
 of Europeans. Saratoga became 
 settled, however, only in 1784, and 
 not until 1815 were any hotels 
 erected. At the present time it is 
 perhaps the most frequented of 
 Amei'ican inland resorts. 
 
SANTA f£— SAVANNAH. 
 
 175 
 
 There fire in all 28 sprin:,'s. Some 
 are ferruj?iiiouH, others ioilurtited, 
 sulphurous and ni ii^nesiiin. The 
 l)rincipal lire thone mentioned 
 above. All uro char,','e»l hijjrhly with 
 carlMjnie acid K'a'H. 'I'lio prop'erties, 
 mineral constituents, and a full 
 description of them are given in the 
 local guide books. 
 
 There is a Race Course on the 
 Boulevard, which is one of the finest 
 in the country. Excellent races are 
 held here in summer (July and 
 August). The principal buildings 
 in the village are the fine 
 Hotel Ijuildings and the Central 
 Fire Department on Broadway. It 
 is admirably eqiiipped -indeed, it 
 ought to be, seeing that wood is 
 largely used in the construction of 
 the buildings of the town. Several 
 very fine private residences.amongst 
 which is Judge Hilt<m's with its 
 noble park, will strike the eye of 
 the tourist. The Hi(jh School build- 
 ing, Institute for Young Men, and 
 Seminary for Young Ladies are also 
 handsome structures. 
 
 Excursions and drives abound in 
 the vicinity of Saratoga. Amongst 
 the latter the most fashionable is 
 Broadway, as far down as Saratoga 
 Lake. Here Moon's Lake House, Lake 
 Lovely, Snake Hill are much visited. 
 Among the former Saratoga Battle 
 Ground, Lake Luzerne, Waring 
 Hill and Mount Mac Greg )r are the 
 most frequented. The latter has an 
 hotel. 
 
 Reached by New York Central 
 and Hudson River Railway, from 
 New York, via Albany, in 6^ hours. 
 
 Savannah {Georgia).— '&eQ,t of Chat- 
 ham County ; population (1880), 
 30,681. 
 
 Hotels: Pulaski, Sereven, Mar- 
 shall, Harnett, and Pavilion are first- 
 class, and charge from 2^ dols. to 
 3^ dols. per day. Others are the 
 European and Planters. 
 
 Theatres ami Amusements : The 
 Theatre, with 1,200 seats; Andrew's 
 Armoury, Centennial, Masonic, 
 Metropolitan and Mozirt V Halls, 
 used for various purposes and en- 
 tertainments. 
 
 Conveyances: Tramways (i'are 5 
 cents); also carriages at 1^ del. per 
 hour. 
 
 Post and Telegraph Office: Comer 
 of Bull and Bay streets, in the Cus- 
 tom House. 
 
 English Consul: G. F. N. B. 
 Anii'jsley, Consul. 
 
 Bankers: Merchants National 
 Bank. 
 
 Medical: Dr. \Vm. Duncan, Dr. 
 G. H. Stone. 
 
 S tuated on the Savannah River, 
 18 miles above its mouth. Savan- 
 nah is the chief city and commercial 
 centre of Georgia. Its business lies 
 chiefl}' in the cotton trade and ship- 
 l)ing. The town has the form of an 
 elongated crescent, and extends, 
 about three miles along the river. 
 Its streets are wide, well shadejl 
 and intersected Ijy small public 
 squares or i)arks to the number of 
 24. Savann:ih is said to be one of 
 the handsomest and best laid-out 
 towns in the United States. The 
 town was founded in 1733, by Gen- 
 eral Oglethor])e, and was cai)tured 
 in 177U by the British forces, who 
 held it till 1782. In 1789 it wos 
 incorporated. It suffered greatly 
 during the Civil War, ])ut sine j then 
 it hi4 steadily increased in pros- 
 perity. 
 
 The principal streets arc Drayton 
 Bull and Broad streets, and' the 
 favourite promenade is down Bull- 
 street to Forsyth Park. The Bag, 
 an esplanade overlooking and close 
 to the river, is the chief commercial 
 centre. Among the public build- 
 ings the following may be men- 
 tioned: The Roman Catholic Cathe- 
 dral, St. John, Trinity and Christ 
 Churches. The Independent Pres- 
 byterian Church with its tower is 
 also very fine. John and Charles 
 Wesley lived here and in Charles- 
 ton in 1733. The granite Custom 
 House, corner of Bull and Bay 
 streets, with the Post Office are 
 perhaps the most striking edifices. 
 The Court House, the Exchange, the 
 Armoury, the Prison, the various 
 Barracks, Chatham Academy and 
 St. Andrew's Hall, are conspicuous 
 buildings. The Market is a chief 
 object of interest as in all southern 
 towns. It is very gay in the early 
 morning. Savannah Medical Col- 
 lege, Georgia Historical Society, 
 and MacCarthy's Business College, 
 are also worthy of notice. 
 
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 Photographic 
 .Sciences 
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 23 WEl'T MAIN STREET 
 
 WEBSTER, N.Y. < I >$0 
 
 (716) 872-4503 
 

 
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176 
 
 RRADSIIAW S UNITED STATEf^, 
 
 ); I 
 
 ]■ I 
 
 Fortiyth Park is the principal 
 public promenade and resort in 
 summer. It occupies 30 acres, and 
 is situated in the southern pf)rtion 
 of the town. Several mcmuments 
 adorn this ])ark and also the smaller 
 S(iuares. Other places of attracticm 
 in the Vicinity of Savannah are 
 ,; Thunderbolt, Beaulieu, White Bluff, 
 
 ■f''' Isle of Hoj)e and Mfjutpomerj'. 
 
 Bona i-ent lire Cemetery, on the War- 
 saw River, is very i)eautiful and 
 much freciuented as a drive. .Tasi^er 
 Spring is rendered historic by a 
 feat of daring during the War of 
 independence. 
 
 Reached by Pennsylvania Rail- 
 way, from Baltimore, Via Richmond, 
 in 22^ hours. 
 
 Schenectady (Neic Fort).— Seat of 
 Schenectady County ; population 
 OH80), 13,673. 
 
 Jloteh: Carley and Given. 
 
 Situated on the !Mohawk River 
 und Erie Canal. It is essentially a 
 manufacturing town, chiefly of 
 woollen goods and iron. It is one 
 of the oldest towns in the States, 
 and is situated on a spot famous as 
 having once been the council 
 
 |ij|j grounds of the Mohawl'- Indians. 
 
 i A Dutch trading i)ost was estab- 
 
 lished here in 1620. The Union 
 College, established in 1789, is an 
 imi)ortant seminary. The liridyi' 
 
 ijiii across the Mohawk River and Eric 
 
 ' ' Canal is noteworthy. It is also to 
 
 a certain extent frequented as a 
 summer resort. 
 
 Reached by New York, Central 
 and Hudson River Railway, from 
 New York, via Albany, in 6 
 hours. 
 
 Springfield (///i«oi/»).— Capital of 
 Illinois and Seat of Sangamon 
 Coimty; population (1880), 19,716. 
 
 Hotels: Leland, Revere, St. 
 Nicholas. 
 
 Situated at a distance of five 
 miles from the Sangamon River, 
 on a large prairie, It is the capital 
 of Illinois, and has fine broad streets 
 and handsome public buildings. 
 The streets are adorned with trees, 
 Avhile many of the houses are sur- 
 rounded by flower gardens, whence 
 it has been named by entlxusiasts, 
 the " Flower City." The Capitol is 
 
 one of the finest buildings of the 
 kind in the United States. The 
 United Stuten Build inff (Court House, 
 Custom House, and Post Office), the 
 State Arsenal, the County Court 
 House, High School, and Opera 
 House, are also very noteworthy 
 buildings. Several of the churches 
 and a hall for lectures, concerts, 
 and meetings deserve the attention 
 of the tourist. The Monument of 
 President Lincoln, in Oak Jtidije 
 Cemeferif, is very fine, and cost over 
 2()0,(XK) (lols. The trade of the town 
 is important, and its mining in- 
 terests (coal) very large. Its 
 manufactures are also important, 
 and are chiefiy flour, steel and iron, 
 woollen goods, and ))eer. 
 
 Reached by Illinois Central Rail- 
 way, from Ciiicago, vid Clinton, in 
 8 hours. 
 
 Springfield (Massachusetts) .—Sent 
 of Ham])den Countj'; population 
 (1880), 37,577. 
 
 Hotels : ITayne's, Massasoit, War- 
 wick, Cooley's, College. 
 
 Situated on the Connecticut 
 River, Springfield is one of 
 the ])rettiest towns in the United 
 States. It is well laid out, and has 
 many havdsome l)uildings. The 
 streets are shaded l)y trees. The 
 United States Arxenal is the largest 
 in the States. The City Hall, in the 
 Byzantine style, is a very handsome 
 V)uilding. Other edifices* of import- 
 ance are the City Library, Court 
 House, various churches, etc. The 
 Cemetery is small, Ijut beautifuUj- 
 laid out. Hampden Park is the 
 principal promenade, and has a fine 
 race course. It is chiefly engaged 
 in the manufacture of arms, etc. 
 
 Reached by Boston and Albany 
 Railway, from Boston, in 3^ 
 hours. 
 
 Stockton {California).— Seat of 
 San Joaquin County; population 
 (1880), 10,287. 
 
 Hotels: Yosemite, Centra^ Com- 
 mercial, Grand, Mansicm, Eagle. 
 
 Situate at the head of the tide 
 water on San Joaquin river in San 
 Joa(iuin valley, it is compactly 
 built on a level plain, has wide and 
 straight streets and manj' fine build- 
 ings. The City Hall and Court 
 
 , 
 
SC H E X P:CTADY — TOL E DO. 
 
 177 
 
 Wnr- 
 
 '/LiHte, in the contrc of the town, are 
 surrounded by gardens. Sevenil of 
 the churches are fine and the Sfafp 
 Lunatic Atiflnm occupies a very 
 extensive b'uildinsf. The Nevada 
 State Lunatic Asylum is also located 
 here. The Theatres of Stockton are 
 very lar^e and conunodious. The 
 " Theatre " seats 1,5(K); the National 
 Hall, 2,(H)(); the Mozart Hall, 1,<HH); 
 and several others between 5tM) and 
 1,00«). The town is a point of de- 
 parture for the Yomemite valley by 
 rail to Lathroji. The Calaveras 
 Grove of Bit,' Trees and the Stanis- 
 laus Grove are visited from Stock- 
 ton. 
 
 Reached by Central Pacific Rail- 
 way, from San Francisco, via Port 
 Costa, in 4 hours. 
 
 Syracuse {l^ew Fort).— Seat of 
 Onondau'o County; population (1880), 
 51,791. 
 
 Hotels: Globe, Vanderbilt, Con- 
 gress, Empire, Bernis. 
 
 Pleasantly situated at the south 
 end of the (^nonibigo Lake and one 
 of the largest of the interior towns, 
 it is regularly laid out, and has 
 numerous saline springs in its 
 vicinity. The Erie and 08we^,'o 
 Canals'join here. It is the largest 
 market for salt in the United States, 
 and has, besides, large steel anil 
 iron works. The City Hall, County 
 Court House, New Gocernment 
 Buildings, Coimty Clerk's Office, 
 State Asylum for Idiots, Penitentiary, 
 Syracuse University, St. Vincent's 
 Asylum, High School, Onf>ndago 
 Savings Bank Company, and Syra- 
 cuse Savings Bank Buildings arc 
 all handsome structures and worthy 
 of notice. The Opera House seats 
 1,100 persons, and the Grand Opera 
 800. It is a centre for excursions to 
 the various lakes. 
 
 Reached by New York Central 
 and Hudson River Railway, from 
 New York, via Albany, in 9 hours. 
 
 Terre Haute (/»rftVnjo).— Seat of 
 Vigo County; population (1880), 
 26,040. 
 
 Hotels: Terre Haute, National, 
 St. Claire. 
 
 Situated on an elevated plain on 
 the east bank of the Wabash River. 
 
 The streets arc straight, broad, and 
 well shaded. It has imjjortant 
 manufactoriLV"*, ])rincipally of iron, 
 The Rose Polytechnic School and 
 Hose Orphaniiye are splendid insti- 
 tutions, and wore built and endowed 
 by one of the citizens. The Federal 
 Jiuildiiiys and the Court House are 
 also very fine. The City Hall, the 
 Market House, the Opera House, 
 Bowling's Hall, several clmrches, 
 academies, high schools and libraries 
 are noteworthy, 
 
 Terre Hiiufe l)oasts of the lnrge>it 
 distillery in the States, and has also 
 some woollen mills. It is an itn- 
 jjovtant railway centre. An artesian 
 well sunk in the town is said to con- 
 tain s:iline matter. Tlu!rc are some 
 coal mines in the neighbourhood. 
 
 Reached by Chicago and Eastern 
 Illinois Railway, from Chicago, rid 
 Dolton, in 8 hours. 
 
 Toledo (Ohin). — Seat of Lucas 
 County; population (IHSO), 50,1 W. 
 
 Hotels: Bo()<ly House, Oliver, 
 Merchant's, IsLiud, Madison, Bur- 
 nett, American. 
 
 Theatres and Amusements : Wheeler 
 Opera House, the Adelphi, White's 
 Hall. 
 
 Conveyances : Tr.imways (fare, 5 
 cents) traverse the princij)al streets ; 
 carriages 1^ dols. i)or hour. 
 
 Post and Teler/ra/ih Office: In the 
 Custom House, 
 
 Situated on the Maumee River, 
 six miles from Lake Erie, It has 
 grown as rajiidly as almost any 
 town in the States, for it contained 
 only 3,000 inhabitants in 1850. The 
 grain and shipi)ing trade is very 
 large, ranking third after Chicago 
 and Milwaukee. Wood for furni- 
 ture is also an important item. 
 Cargoes are 8hip])ed from Toledo 
 directly to Europe. Shipbuilding, 
 fisheries, iron works, mills, ami 
 breweries, etc., contribute to its pros- 
 perity and ensure the future of the 
 town. It is regularly laid out with 
 wide and straight streets. Build- 
 ing is mrried on at a very rapid 
 rate, as many as 1,5(K) houses having 
 been erected in a single year. Some 
 of the parks are fine. The Custom 
 House with Post Office and The 
 Exchange are im|)ortant and elegant 
 structures. The Union Railway 
 
178 
 
 BRADSriAW S UNITED STATKS. 
 
 
 I '!» 
 
 
 station is an immense building. 
 Other edifices of note ore the Public 
 Library, a few of the churches, the 
 Orphan Asylum, the City Hospital, 
 the Home for Friendless Women, 
 the House of Refuge and Correc- 
 tion, etc. 
 
 Reached by Cincinnati, Hamil- 
 ton and Doyton Railway, from Cin- 
 cinnati, in 8i hours. 
 
 Topeka (A'a/wa^).— Capitol and seat 
 of Shawnee County; population 
 (1880), 15,452. 
 
 Hotels: Fifth Avenue, Tefft, 
 Windsor, Gordon, Copeland. 
 
 Theatreg and AmuHementg : The 
 Grand Opera House, with 2,()00 seats; 
 the Crawford Opera House, with 
 accommodation for 1,200 people. 
 
 Cdnceyances : Tramways (fare, 5 
 
 cents). 
 
 Po»tand Telegraph Office: In the 
 United States Court House. 
 Bankerft: Bank of Topeka. 
 
 Medical : Dr. Hogeboom, Dr. Stor- 
 raont. 
 
 Situated on both banks of the 
 Kansns River. Topeka is a town of 
 very modern growth. It possesses 
 some manufactures, and machine 
 and car shops. The river is spanned 
 by a fine iron bridge, and the State 
 House is one of the handsomest in 
 the far West. There is also a State 
 Asylum fur the Insane, a College 
 belonging to the Sisters of Bethany, 
 several fine churches and schools. 
 In the neighbourhood of Topeka are 
 some coal fields, and the river 
 affords ample water power. 
 
 Reached by Atchison, Topeka and 
 Santa F«5 R-iilway, from Kansas 
 City, in 'S\ hours. 
 
 Trenton (New Jersey).- Q^i^^\tB^. and 
 seat of Mercer County ; population 
 (1880), 31,386. 
 
 Hotels : National, Tremont, Amer- 
 ican, Trenton, United States, Clin- 
 ton, Street House, Revere Hpuse. 
 
 Conveyances: Tramways (fare, 5 
 cents). 
 
 Post and Telegraph Office: In 
 State-street. 
 
 Situated at the head of the navi- 
 gation on the Delaware River, it i J 
 an attractive town, remarkably 
 
 we'.l built nnd clean. Its chief 
 interests ore manufactures, iron 
 foundries, ond potteries. It pos- 
 sesses tromwaj's. State ond Main- 
 streets ore the chief thoroughfares. 
 The State House is a venerable stone 
 structure be:mtifully situated near 
 the river. The public buildings are 
 all very fine ond well worth atten- 
 tion ; omong them may be men- 
 tioned the Post Office, in the Renois- 
 sance style ; the State Arsenal, the 
 State Penitentiary, the Lunatic 
 Asylum, several churches and mony 
 schools. Seveml large halls ore 
 used for theatrical representations, 
 lectures, concerts, ttc. The battle 
 fought here by Washington on De- 
 cember 26th, 1776, gives the place on 
 historicol interest. 
 
 Reached by Pennsylvania Rail- 
 way, from New York, via Jersey 
 City, in 2 hours. 
 
 Troy (Xew York).— Seat of Rensse- 
 laer County; population (1880), 
 56,717. 
 
 Hotels: American, Mansion, 
 Revere, Tremont, Troy, Union, In- 
 tem'itional. Northern, Congress 
 Hall, Exchange, Eagle. 
 
 Amusements: The Opera House 
 con 8oat 2,000 persons ; the Ncav 
 Music Hall 2,500, and Rand's 
 Hall 1,500. 
 
 Conveymees : Tramways (5 cents 
 fare) ; carriages 1 dol. per hour. 
 
 Post and Telegraph Office: In 
 River-street. 
 
 Situated on both sides of the 
 Hudson River, six miles above 
 Albany, at the mouth of Poestenkill 
 Creek." It extends about three miles 
 along the river front, and one m'le 
 from east to west. It is well built, 
 with well paved-streets. It has on 
 extensive commerce, ond is essen- 
 tially 0. manufacturing town. It 
 turns out large quantities of steel 
 and iron, cotton, woollen goods, 
 hosiery ond shoes. River-street is 
 lined by fine business buildings. 
 On Ist, 2nd and 3rd streets there are 
 some handsome residences and 
 churches. The Athenaeum is an 
 elegant structure, and the City Hall 
 would not disgroce more importont 
 towns. The iSacings Bank Building 
 deserves notice. The Rensselaer 
 Polytechnic is one of the leading 
 
 «<Ma 
 
TOPKKA — UTICA. 
 
 179 
 
 ts chief 
 es, iron 
 It pos- 
 1(1 Main- 
 ighfarcs. 
 ble stone 
 ted near 
 lin^s are 
 ;h atten- 
 t)e men- 
 3 Renais- 
 mal, the 
 Lunatic 
 nrt many 
 tails are 
 ntations, 
 le battle 
 a on De- 
 place an 
 
 lia Rail- 
 i Jersey 
 
 Rensse- 
 
 1 (1880), 
 
 Mansion, 
 aion, In- 
 Congress 
 
 El House 
 
 the New 
 
 Runtl's 
 
 (5 cents 
 aour. 
 fice : In 
 
 1 of the 
 above 
 )estenkill 
 ree miles 
 one ni'le 
 rell built, 
 [t has an 
 Is essen- 
 x>wn. It 
 i of steel 
 a goods, 
 -street is 
 luildings. 
 there are 
 ices and 
 n is an 
 City Hall 
 tnportant 
 Building 
 teiiagelaer 
 leading 
 
 schools of civil engineering. The 
 Theological Seminary, east of the 
 town, is also important. The Opera 
 House and Halls are likewise hand- 
 some buildings. The town has a 
 reputation for the excellence of its 
 educational establishments. In the 
 westeva part of the town is the 
 Arsenal, with extensive buildings, 
 covering an area of about UX) acrr'- 
 Reached by New York Centr... 
 and Hudson River Railway, from 
 New York, via Albany, in o\ hours. 
 
 Tucson (Arizona).— Sefit of Pima 
 County; population (1880), 7,008. 
 
 Hotels : Pacific, Tucson. 
 
 The former capital of the territory, 
 as Prescott is its ])reseut one. 
 Tucson is one of the oldest towns in 
 the United States, having been 
 founded by Spanish Jesuits. It is 
 as quaint and original in its build- 
 ings and characteristics as Santa 
 F«5. It is the centre of the surround- 
 ing mining district, and carries on 
 a business in gold dust, hides and 
 wool, the latter on a large scale. 
 The two Hainan Catholic Churches 
 are curious and interesting. It has 
 several schools, banks, etc. The 
 Court Houne is noteworthy, as also 
 is the I'll i ted States Depositorif. 
 Near Casa Grande, a little towards 
 the Pacific Coast, are the ruins of an 
 ancient Pueblo town, in very good 
 ])reservation, and of considerable 
 extent. 
 
 Reached by the Southern Pacific 
 Railway, from San Francisco, in 19 
 hours. 
 
 Tuscaloosa (Alabama).— ^c(\t of 
 Tuscaloosa County ; population 
 (1880), 2,418. 
 
 Hotel: Millers. 
 
 Situated on the Black Warrior 
 River, it is the centre of a rich 
 district, and carries on a consider- 
 able commerce in cotton, coal, etc. 
 It is well laid out, with wide shady 
 streets. The University of Alabama 
 buildings and grounds are one mile 
 distant from the town. The town 
 took its name from the Indian Chief 
 " Black Warrior " Tuscaloosa, who 
 was defeated Ijy de Soto, in 1540. 
 It has been the capital of the State 
 of Alabama during the second 
 quarter of the present centurj\ In 
 
 1846 the capital was transferred 
 to Montgomery. It is also f re<iuented 
 to a certain extent by winter visitors. 
 The Lunatic Asylum is a vast build- 
 ing one mile beyond the Univei-sity. 
 Reached by the Alabumii (Jreat 
 Southern Railway, from Birming- 
 ham, in 2\ hours. 
 
 Urbana (Ohio). — Seat of Champlain 
 County ; population (1880), (5,257. 
 
 Hotels : Exchange, Weaver's. 
 
 A handsome town, and an im- 
 portant railway centre. It bas some 
 manufactures,' and an important 
 trade with the surrounding agricul- 
 tural tlistrict. The United States 
 JioUing Stock Company, is one of the 
 principal industrial establishments. 
 Urban I University was founded in 
 1851, and is much freiiuented. . It is 
 the »)nly Swedenborgian University 
 in the States. The town has several 
 libraries, and a fine Jligh School. 
 Bennett's Opera House seats 1,200 
 persons. The City Hall is a tine 
 building, and can seat (100. 
 
 Reached ])y Erie and New York, 
 Pennsylvania and Ohio Railways, 
 from Chicago, via Mansfield, in 
 8J hours. 
 
 Utica (Netv I'or*-).— Seat of Oneida 
 County ; population (1880), 33,913. 
 
 Hotels: Baggs, Butterfield, Ameri- 
 can. 
 
 Situated on the Mohawk River, 
 and PJrie and Chenango Canals. It is 
 the market town of the surrounding 
 rich agricultural district - but owes 
 its prosperity chiefly to its large 
 woollen and cotton factories. It is 
 built on the site of the old Fort 
 Schuyler — constructed in 1756. It 
 possesses many fine business 
 buildings, churches, schools, and 
 private residences. The City Hall, 
 on Genesce-street— the principal of 
 the town— is a very handsome build- 
 ing. The Lunatic Asylum is a well- 
 constructed edifice, capable of ac- 
 commodating KH) patients. It is 
 situated near the town. The Utica 
 Opera House is a large building, and 
 can seat 1,900 persons. The City 
 Oi)era House seats 9(X>. The town 
 is the starting-point for Richfield 
 Springs and Trenton Falls. 
 
 Reached by New York, Central, 
 and Hudson River Railway, from 
 New York, via Albany, in 8 hours. 
 
180 
 
 BRADSHAW S UNITED STATES. 
 
 ^i' ! 
 
 ! ^ 
 
 
 
 I rtf' 
 
 Vicksburg { Misgissippi) .—Sent of 
 Warren County; pojiulation (1880), 
 11,814. 
 
 Hotch : Lamadrid, Pacific, Wash- 
 insfton, Kxchanj^e. 
 
 Bankers : First National Bank. 
 
 Situated on the Walnut Hills, 
 overlookiuj^ the Mississippi River, 
 and surrounded by lino scenery. It 
 has a lar^e eomuierce, ainl has 
 rapidly increased of late in import- 
 ance. It was the scone of a lon<? 
 and memorable siej^e— and ultimate 
 capture— by the Northern Army, on 
 July 4, 1863. It is the largest town 
 between Memi)hi8 and New Orleans, 
 and presents a very striking hikI 
 attractive aspect, as seen from the 
 river. It was founded in 1836, by a 
 jdanter. Near by the town is a larj^e 
 National cemetery, called the Valley 
 of Death. More than 16,«HK> soldiers 
 who fell in the siej^e and battles 
 round the town during the Civil War, 
 lie buried here. It has several fine 
 buildin<<s — a Court l[ou»e and City 
 Jlull. The Opera Jloune is a plain 
 l)uildinj<, seatiu}^ 600 persons. 
 
 Reached by Cincinnati, New Or- 
 leans, and Texas I'aciftc Railway, 
 from Cincinnati, in 30 hours. 
 
 Vincennes (Indiana). — Seat of 
 Knox County, population (1880), 
 7,683. 
 
 Hotelg : Grant, Laplant, .1 unc- 
 tion. 
 
 Situated on the East Bank of the 
 Wabash River, it is the oldest town 
 in the State. French Canadians 
 built a mission on its site, in 1702, 
 which was enlarged later, and 
 became a fort. It was incorporated 
 in 1800, and was the cajiital of the 
 State, until 1814. It has some 
 manufactories anil coal mines in 
 its neighbourhood. It is well built, 
 and contains several fine churches, 
 schools, and four libraries. The 
 Unioernity was founded in 1807. 
 The surrounding country is very 
 productive. 
 
 Reached by Ohio and Mississippi 
 Railway , from Cincinnati, w/a Aurora, 
 in 6 hours. 
 
 Virginia City (iV^erarfa).— Seat of 
 Storey County, population (1880), 
 13,705. 
 
 lloteh : American Exchange, In- 
 ternational. 
 
 Amusements .- Piper's Opera House, 
 seating 1,2(X) ])ersons, and tho 
 National Guanl Hall, with 600 seats. 
 
 Situated at the base and en tho 
 side of a steep mountain, and sur- 
 rounded by mountains. It has l)een 
 the scene of a great silver rush, and 
 since its foundation has witnessed 
 many stirring scenes connected 
 with the early days of mining. In 
 1875 the town was alnK)8t entirely 
 destroyed l)y ftre, the buildings 
 being then princii)ally of wood. 
 Extensive waterworks at great cast 
 have since been erected, and tho 
 town is now handsomer than before. 
 Its population is of a very hetero- 
 geneous character. Almost every 
 nation of the Globe is represented 
 more or less numerously. The 
 town stands directly over the cele- 
 brated C )mstock Lode. Close to ifc 
 are the Biff Bonanza Mines, reported 
 to be the richest silver mines in tho 
 world. The tourist should visit one 
 of them. The milling, smelting, etc.» 
 works are very extensive and etti- 
 cient. Gold Hill, another mining 
 town, is about two miles distant. 
 Here the mines yield almost entirely 
 gold. There are several churches, a 
 Court House, while some of 
 the Bank Buildings are fine struc- 
 tures. 
 
 Reached by Union, Pacific, and 
 Virginia, and Truckee Railwaj'S, 
 from San Francisco, via Truckee, 
 and Reno, in 18 hours. 
 
 Waco {Texas). — Seat of Mac Lennan 
 County ; population (1880), 7,317. 
 
 Hotels ; MacClelland, Central City, 
 Taylor, European, Southern Pacific. 
 
 Situated at the Brazos River, 
 almost in the centre of the State, 
 The suspension bridge spamiing the 
 river is very handsome. The town 
 is well laid cfut, and substantially 
 built. The Waco University is a 
 flourishing educational institution, 
 and the Court House is a handsome 
 stone building. The town has fac- 
 tories of agricultural implements, 
 and also oil mills. The commerce 
 of the district surrounding it is 
 considerable. 
 
 Reached by Houston & Texas 
 Central Railway, from Houston, in 
 22 hours. 
 
VICKSHURU — WASHINGTON. 
 
 181 
 
 inge, In- 
 
 pa House, 
 iiiul tho 
 BOO seats. 
 
 tl (.n tho 
 
 and siir- 
 
 has been 
 
 ush, and 
 
 vitnessed 
 
 fmnected 
 
 linj?. In 
 
 entirely 
 
 buildings 
 
 )f wood. 
 
 reat cost 
 
 and tho 
 
 in l)ef ore. 
 
 y hetero- 
 
 >st every 
 
 )re8ented 
 
 y. The 
 
 the cele- 
 
 lose to it 
 
 reported 
 
 les in tho 
 
 visit ono 
 
 ;ing, etc., 
 
 and etli- 
 
 r mining 
 
 i distant. 
 
 it entirely 
 
 arches, a 
 
 jome of 
 
 ine struc- 
 
 cific, and 
 Railways, 
 Truckee, 
 
 c Lennan 
 , 7,317. 
 
 itral City, 
 ■n Paciflc. 
 8 River, 
 tie State, 
 aning the 
 The town 
 stantially 
 rsity is a 
 istitution, 
 landsome 
 1 has fac- 
 plements, 
 iommerce 
 ng it is 
 
 & Texas 
 )uscon, in 
 
 'Washington. — Capital of the 
 United States, and of tho Federal 
 District of Columbia ; i)opulatiou 
 (1880), 117,307. 
 
 Jfoteh: Riirsrs, Willard's, Arling- 
 ton, ?]blHtt, and Worniley's arc thu 
 best Hotels on the Anierican i)lan ; 
 Wormlcys is also on the European 
 system, as are likewise the St. 
 Marc, the St. James and the 
 Imperial. The Jlumi I ton is a family 
 hotel, with a very select clientele. 
 Other good hotels on the American 
 system are : the Metre >i)olitan, Na- 
 tional, American, Washington, 
 Tremont, and Continental. The 
 best hotels charge 34 to i\ dols., in- 
 clusive, per <hiy, the minor ones 2.^ 
 to i dols. ])er (lay, American system. 
 On the European system 1 dol. t(j 2 
 dols. i)er day, for room alone is 
 charged. 
 
 Rextanranti* and Cafe» : Wormley's 
 is the most fashi( nble, corner of 
 15th and II streets: "olchor, iu I5th 
 street, ILirvey'is (oy^, rs), I'ennsyl- 
 vania-avenue ; and Muison Dore.>, 
 near Willard's Hotel. Le Droit and 
 Evans are good Luncheon Bars, with 
 Grill Ro(mis, both in F-street. The 
 hotels on the European i)lan are 
 also freciuentetl for their Restaur- 
 ants. Under each wing of the 
 Capitol there is also an excellent 
 restaurant. 
 
 Theatres and Amusements : The 
 National Theatre in E-street is the 
 leading house. FunVs Grand Opera 
 i/o«»i?, seating l,5tK) peoi)!e, in 9th- 
 street, and Opera Comique, on corner 
 of C and llth-street. Lincoln Hall, 
 corner of 9th and D streets, is the 
 finest in the city and can be hired 
 for concerts, lectures, etc. Other 
 halls for concerts, balls, and lectures 
 are the Masonic, Odd Fellows Hall, 
 and Willard's Hall. The Schutzen 
 Park,beyond the HowardUniversity , 
 is the favourite resort of the German 
 population. 
 
 Reading Rooms, Libraries, etc. : 
 The hotel reading rooms are well 
 supplied with newspapers. Tho 
 Congress Library, in the Capitol is 
 open every day. The Patent Office 
 Library is extensive. The Young 
 Men's Christian Association, with 
 library and reading rooms, are open 
 daily, and are free to all. 
 
 Art Collections, Museums, etc. : The 
 Corcoran Oallery, comer of Pennsyl- 
 
 vania-avenue and 17tli .-treet, is ono 
 of the liiiest in America. A fine 
 l)rivate collection is that of M. J. C. 
 McGuirc, 01 1, E-street. 
 
 Conveyances .- Tramways to all 
 parts of the city (fare,5cents). Car- 
 riages at numerous stands in tho 
 city and at the railway stations; 
 rates: one or two passengers, one 
 mile or under, 1 dol., and each 
 additional piissenger 50 cents more ; 
 l)er hour, \\ dol. Some one-horse 
 carriages charge 75 cents i)er hour 
 and ])er coiu'se, but in case of under 
 one mile onlj' half that rate is pay- 
 able. Ajjjjly to policemeu in case 
 of dispute. There are ferry lM)ats. 
 for Alexandria from 7th-street wharf 
 every hour ; fare 15 cents, I'eturn 25 
 cents. A steamb(»at leaves same 
 wharf for Mount J'cruon daily at 
 10 a.m. 
 
 Railway Stations : The Baltimore 
 and Ohio Railway have their vast 
 station on the cornevof New Jcrsey- 
 aveinie and C-street. The Baltimore 
 and Potomac Railway is a very 
 elaborately adorned and large build- 
 ing on the corner of B and Gth 
 streets. 
 
 Clubs : The Union, Army & Navy. 
 
 Races and Sport : Races at Ledroit 
 Park and Pleasant Plains. 
 
 Post and Telegraph Office : In 
 Louisiana-avenue. Open dailj' from 
 fi a.m. to 11 i).m, ; on Sundays from 
 8 to 10 a.m. and G to 7 p.m. 
 
 Entjlish Minister : The Hon. L. S. 
 Sackville West. 
 First Secretary .- Count Sala. 
 Bankers : Bank of Washington. 
 
 Medical ; Dr. Garruthers, Dr. 
 Parks. 
 
 Dentist: Dr. Holland. 
 
 Ticket and Excursion Agents .- 
 Thomas Cook & Son, 1,351, Penn- 
 sylvania-avenue. 
 
 Washington is situated on the 
 Potomac River, an inlet of which, 
 the " Eastern Branch," lx)unds the 
 city on the eastern side. It is the 
 political Capital of the United States, 
 and is essentially a residential city. 
 The site was selected by Washington, 
 and the act of Ctmgress creating the 
 district was passed in 1790, It is. 
 distant 105 miles from Chesapeke 
 Bay, and 176 fnjm the Atlantic sea- 
 board. It occupies the centre point 
 
, 
 
 I 
 
 182 
 
 IlKADSllAW S UNITKD STATES. 
 
 'i 
 
 i 
 
 
 i 
 
 W'i 
 
 hi 
 li'l 
 
 of the District of Columbia, an ex- 
 tcu.sivu tm>l uu(luliitiii); plain. In 
 thin i)liiiii the principal public 
 buildings are erected. It bau no 
 cxi)f)rt.s or imports of any import- 
 ance, its commerce ])eing chieHy 
 retail and local. Tlie original i)lan 
 of the town was uni(jue, and on a 
 Hcalc which shews that a great 
 metropolis was expected to grow up 
 there soof-or or later. The plan 
 embraces Ui siiuare miles, of which 
 a very small portion f)nly is built 
 over. The principal thoroughfare 
 is Pennsylvania avenue, leading 
 from the Capitol to the White House, 
 and is 1«<) feet wifle. Seventh- 
 street, Massachusetts, Vermcmt, and 
 Maryland avenues, and 14th-8treet 
 arc other important arteries of 
 tratiic. 
 
 The best time to see Washington 
 in its most characteristic aspect is 
 during the sessions of Congress. In 
 the odd numbered years tiie sessions 
 last till March 4th, and in the even 
 numbered till June or July, and 
 they always commence in December. 
 The sessions begin at noon and 
 should end at sunset, but are nearly 
 always prolonged till far into the 
 night. A Hag on the north wing of 
 the Cttpitol intimates that the Senate 
 is sitting, and on6 on the south wing 
 that the House is sitting. During 
 the night when the Houses ccmtinue 
 in session the great lantern over the 
 dome is lighted, and gives forth a 
 brilliant light for many miles 
 round. 
 
 Beyond the natural beauties of 
 Washington, of which there are 
 many, the chijf attractions of the 
 city to the tourist are its public 
 buildings. In this respect it can 
 compete with the most celebrated 
 in any of the European capitals. 
 Of these buildings the Capitol is the 
 handsomest and largest in the town, 
 and, probably, on the whole Amei'i- 
 can Continent. It is situated on 
 Capitol Hill, a mile from the 
 Potomac River, and has a length 
 over all of 750 feet, with a depth of 
 120 feet ; the wings are 140 feet. 
 It covers an area of 3.^ acres. The 
 materials used are light yellow stone 
 for the centre, and white marble for 
 the extensions or wings. The 
 buildings face eastwards. In front 
 of them stretches a wide plaza, on 
 •which reviews, or similar cere- 
 
 monies.., take place. Deyond the 
 plaza is a well laid-out park. The 
 west front overlooks the city, and 
 on tl") slope of the hill are some 
 fine gardens. General Washington 
 laid the foundation stone of the 
 original building in 1793. This was 
 subsequently destroyed by fire. 
 The centre building was commenced 
 in 1821, and the wings were added 
 to it in 1H51. The corner stone of 
 the structure was laid by Daniel 
 Webster. It was finished, inclusive 
 of the new dome, in 1866. The cost 
 of this huge edifice, so far, has been 
 15,000,000 dols. 
 
 The main front is ornamented with 
 three grand porticoes of Corinthian 
 columns. The centre is a])proached 
 by a flight of stairs, embellished by 
 statues by Persico and Greenough. 
 On the esplanade in front stands the 
 colossal statue of Washington, by 
 the last-named artist. The building 
 is surmounted by a lofty iron 
 dome, on which stands a 
 statue of Liberty, 10^ feet high. 
 Colossal marble statues are to 
 the right and left of the entrance. 
 Al)ove the doorway is a good bas 
 relief. The portion to the rear of 
 this centre is not so elaborately 
 adorned ; it projects forward 83 feet 
 and has a recessed portico of 10 
 columns. From this front a good 
 view of the principal parts of the 
 city and public buildings is obtained. 
 The view from the Dome is extensive. 
 The buildings are roofed with 
 copper. 
 
 The Capitol is entered from the 
 centre through the Bronze Doors, 
 into the Rotunda. These doors 
 illustrate the life of Columbus and 
 the discovery of America, were 
 designed by Rogers, and are good 
 specimens of alto relief. The Ro- 
 tunda is 96 feet wide and 108 feet in 
 height. Marble bas reliefs over the 
 doors and paintings on the wall 
 illustrate American history. The 
 Dome rises over the Rotunda. The 
 frescoes inside the dome are note- 
 worthy. Through the western door 
 of the Rotunda, and at the end of 
 that corridor is the Congress Library 
 in three large halls, all thoroughly 
 fireproof. They contain in all al)ove 
 550,000 books, pamphlets, brochures, 
 etc. Senators and Members of 
 Congress are allowed to borrow 
 books, and any visitor over 16 years 
 
WASIIIXtiTON. 
 
 183 
 
 of age can l)e ndmitted, The Lnw 
 Library is on the flmjr Iwlow the 
 alK)ve. The north <loor of the Ro- 
 tunda leads into the Senate win>r. 
 In the corridor is the door leading 
 into the Supreme Court, the hij^hcst 
 tribunal in America. It is adorned, 
 with statues and busts of the Chief 
 Justices and Judges sitting here, 
 who are the only oflicials allowed to 
 wear rol)es. The bronze cloors of 
 the senate wing entrance are next 
 reached. They were designed by 
 Crawford, and. are considered his 
 mastcri)iece8. They represent 
 " Peace and War." On the portico 
 of this wing there is another good 
 bas relief by Crawford. At the foot 
 of the stairs leading to the East 
 Galleries of the Senate Chamber is 
 a statue of Beniamin Franklin, by 
 Power, and at the top a picture by 
 Powell representing the battle of 
 Lake Erie. The Chamber of f he Senate 
 is 114 feet by 82 feet, and 36 feet in 
 height; it has an iron roof and 
 stained glass skylights, (ialleries 
 surround the hall capaV)le of seating 
 1,0(K) people. Retiring, reception, 
 and presiding officers' rooms are all 
 finished and decorated magnifi- 
 cently. Among these the Marble 
 room is considered the finest in the 
 whole building. The south door to 
 the Rotunda leads to the National 
 Statuary Gallery, the old Hall of 
 Representatives, in which sessions 
 were held for 32 years. The statues 
 of representative men of various 
 States are in this room ; it is semi- 
 circular in form, and its ceiling is 
 supported by 24 columns ; it has 
 some good frescoes. A corridor 
 runs at the south of this hall to the 
 House extension at the foot of the 
 east staircase. The Hall of Repre- 
 tientatives is patriotically considered 
 the finest legislative chamber in the 
 world. It is 139 feet by 93 feet, and 
 36 feet in height. It has galleries 
 running round it capable of seating 
 1,200 persons. The glass roof is 
 painted with the arms of the indi- 
 vidual States. The Speaker's room 
 is at the back of the hall, and sur- 
 rounding it are the committee 
 rooms, etc., as in the other wing. 
 
 During the Civil Wars, the halls 
 and corridors of the Capitol were 
 used as barracks and hospitals. At 
 the western entrance stands F. 
 Simmond's Monument to the Fallen 
 
 in the 'vil Wars; its total height is 
 40 feet. On the eastern side stands 
 the l>eautiful statue of Peace. 
 
 The liotanlcal Gardens, ten acres 
 in extent, are immediately on the 
 west side, and contain large con- 
 servatories. 
 
 The Uuiteil States Trearury, on tho 
 comer of 15th-street and Pennsyl- 
 vania-avenue, is a magnificent lonio 
 building, three stories high. Tho 
 east front has a coloniuide, imitated 
 from that of the Tenii)le of 
 Minerva, at Athens. Its sides havo 
 fine porticoes ; the central en- 
 trance having one of eight largo 
 columns. It contains above 2(K) 
 rooms, of which tho Vusth and Gold 
 Rooms are the most interesting to 
 tourists. The former extends 
 through two storeys, an*l is _lined 
 with marble. The latter contains 
 the coined gold. 
 
 The Execiitice Mansion, or tho 
 White House, stands west of tho 
 Treasury. It is in the Ionic style, 
 having several porticoes. It is 170 
 feet long, and is occui)ied on tho 
 ground tloor by the reception and 
 representation rooms. On the upper 
 floors are the oftices ami private 
 apartments of the President. This 
 is the official residence of the re- 
 spective Presidents of the United 
 States. Its foundation-stcme was 
 laid in 1793, and the first President 
 who actually occupied it, was 
 Adams, in 1800. In 1814 it was 
 burned by the English, but was 
 rebuilt in 1818. The grounds, which 
 are laid out in gardens, occupy 
 about 75 acres, of vhich 20 are 
 railed in, as the I'resident's private 
 grounds. The East Room is the 
 parlour of the Presi<lent, and is 
 very handsomely decorated. La- 
 , fayette-square, north of the White 
 House, is the finest public park in 
 the city. The equestrian statue in 
 the centre is V)y Mills, and represents 
 General Jackson. 
 
 The building on the Avest of the 
 White House, is occupied by the 
 War, Navy, and State Departments. 
 It is in the Roman-Doric style of 
 architecture, is built of granite, and 
 is supposed to be absolutely fire- 
 proof. It is 5: 7 feet long, ty 342 
 wide, and was commenced in 1871. 
 The hall of the Secretary of State, 
 the Ambassadors Hall and Library 
 
184 
 
 IJHADSHAW S UNITKD RTATKS. 
 
 1'- 
 
 
 !i 
 
 t 1 
 
 I \ 
 
 I I- 
 
 iJ 
 
 t. !" 
 
 nro in the shuio building, nud tiro 
 well wortli inspt'Ctinif. 
 
 The Smithmuiiin IimtUntexn n very 
 fttrikiiii,' buildinj?, sitimted in the 
 Mall, between the UcttunicHl (Jar- 
 <lens and the Department of Ayri- 
 cnlture. It is l)uilt of red san<l- 
 Htone, in the Norman-Gothic wtj'le, 
 »t»d adorned with seven towers. It 
 was founded with money be(ine:ithed 
 to the United States by James 
 Smithson. It contains collections 
 of minerals, animals, etc., as also 
 nniny curiosities. The Nafinmil 
 Mu»PHm is in an annex s(mth-east 
 of the institnte. The pronn<ls at- 
 tached to the institution are beauti- 
 fnllv lfti<i out. 
 
 Tlie liofiniical Gardens are East 
 of the Smithsonian Institution, and 
 consist mainly of a series of con- 
 Mervatories with rare ])lants. The 
 Piffpnt Office, or Department of the 
 Interior is a hupe Doric building of 
 mixed material, occui)yinjir two 
 blocks between F and G streets, and 
 7th and 9th streets. It has several 
 porticoes and contains some fine 
 rooms. The Model Room occupies 
 the entire ni)])er floor of the bnild- 
 mt?, and has some fine frescoes on 
 its ceiling. It contains lumer- 
 
 nble collection of mode every 
 
 <le[)artment of mechan.cai «rt. The 
 south Hall has some historical relics 
 and curiosities. The second and 
 first floors are occupied by various 
 ottices. The Post Office Department 
 on P-street, is opposite the Patent 
 Office. It is built of white mar])le 
 in Modern Corinthian style, and 
 contains the Dead Letter Otfice, and 
 the Postmaster-General's office. The 
 Pension Office, on Judiciary-scjuare, 
 is a large building in the Renaiss- 
 ance style. Terra-cotta is largely 
 employed in the exterior ornamen- 
 tation. The United States Naval 
 Obset'oatory is situated near the 
 banks of the Potomac, and occupies 
 ft commanding site. Visitors are 
 admitted to it. The instruments are 
 very perfect, and there is a good 
 library of astronomical works. The 
 Department of Agriculture occupies 
 a large brick and stone building on 
 the Mall, at the foot of 13th-street. 
 The greenhouses are very extensive. 
 They contain a library, museum, and 
 a very exhaustive herbarium. The 
 grounds and flower garden contain 
 IV great variety of plants, etc. 
 
 The y<i>'!/ Yard is on the Eastern 
 Branch of' the Potomac River and 
 contains, besides officers' (|uarters, 
 sho]is, foundries, ship houses, 
 armoury, etc., and covers nearly 28 
 acres, enclosed by a brick wall. 
 The Naral Miturlnn, the Ex|>eri- 
 mental Rattery, an<l the fleet aro 
 interesting to visit. The Marine 
 Harracks and Marine Jlonpital are 
 situated two blocks to the North of 
 the Navy Yard. 
 
 The U'ash'Mi/ton Monument, on the 
 Mall, neur 14th-street, is one of the 
 largest in the world. It has at 
 length been finished after many 
 delays from want of funds. The 
 Corcoran Art Qallery, in the Ren- 
 aissance style, on Pennsylvania- 
 avenue and 17th-street, is a fine 
 l)uildiug. It was founded, endowed 
 and maintained by \V. W. Corcoran, 
 the banker. It ccmtains very fine 
 collections of very valuable 
 l)ictures, of casts, marble statuary, 
 hvo\\'i.e^,hric-d-hra(', etc. The L^ntise 
 Jlome, on Massachusetts-avenue, a 
 handsome building, w*as erected by 
 the same idiilantropist. It was 
 endowed for impoverished gentle- 
 women. 
 
 The Court House on 4J-street, the 
 Odd Fellows, and Masonic and Liu' 
 coin Halls, the extensive Washing- 
 ton Market, in Pennsylvania -a venue 
 are all noteworthy edifices. The 
 Army Medical Museum is onlO-street 
 and contains about 17,(KW patholog- 
 ical specimens. The Old United 
 States Pension Office is in Pennsyl- 
 vania-aveime, and the Census Office 
 at the corner of 13th-street, same 
 avenue. The Signal Office, or 
 Weather Bureau, is on G-street, and 
 the Ordnance Museum, on the comer 
 of P and 17 streets. The latter has 
 a collection of war trophies, flags, 
 etc. The United States Arsenal, is 
 situated in some pleasant grounds 
 on Greenleaf's Point. 
 
 There are .several monuments 
 still unmentioned which are 
 noteworthy ; the best among them 
 is the Statue of Washington, by Mills, 
 in Washington-circle ; the Efjues- 
 trian Statue of General Scott, in the 
 intersection of Massachusetts and 
 Rhode Island avenues and 16-street. 
 The statues of Lincoln, General 
 Greene, General Rawlings, General 
 Thomas, Admiral Parragut and 
 General Macpherson, are all very 
 
 
WASHIXCiTON — WATEKHL'KY 
 
 185 
 
 't, on the 
 e of the 
 : has at 
 many 
 , The 
 
 fine and worth the attention of the 
 touriHt. 
 
 The Jlotcanl Vnu'emHy, on 7th- 
 street, in the outskirts of the town, 
 was founded in IrtHl for the echica- 
 tion of youth, without rej^urd to sex 
 or colour. It is ahnost exchisively 
 frefiuented by negroes. From its 
 tower a fine view may be obtaine«l. 
 The Soldier's Home or ** Invalid's 
 House," occujjies an elevated 
 l)lateau north of the city. The 
 spacious buildings arc of white 
 marble, surrounded by a park of 
 f>()0 acres. North of it is the National 
 Cemetery, with the graves of over 
 5,(HK) soldiers who fell in the Civil 
 Wars. The Columbian University, is 
 near Meridian-hill and Pleasant- 
 ])lains. Its ])uildings, though offer- 
 ing nothing striking, are large, and 
 the grountls ample and well-kept. 
 The United States Lunatic Asylum 
 (for naval and military men) is 
 situated in a park of 420 acres on 
 the south bank of the Anacostia. 
 Long Bridge S])ans the Potomac at 
 the foot of 14-street, to Alexander's 
 Island in Virginia. Its structural 
 features are interesting. Congres- 
 sional Cemetery, east of the town 
 contains the graves of Members of 
 the Congress, who died during their 
 term of service, and has some good 
 monuments. Olenwood is another 
 Cemetery, pleasantly laid out, with 
 a rural aspect, north of the Capitol. 
 There are five other cemeteries. 
 
 The favourite drives and promen- 
 ades are to the Old Soldier's Home ; 
 to the heights of Georgetown ; to 
 Arlington ; to Alexandria, along the 
 Virginia shore of the Potomac ; to 
 the little and great falls of the Poto- 
 mac. 
 
 Arlington House, the old re:iidence 
 of George Washington and of the 
 members of his family, and other 
 prominent men, is situated on an 
 elevation on the opposite or Vir- 
 ginian side of the Potomac, almost 
 facing Georgetown. Nothing of 
 interest is kept here. There is a 
 register which records the names of 
 air who are buried in the National 
 Cemeteries around the house, in all 
 some 15,000 victims of the Civil 
 Wars. 
 
 Oeorgetoicn, a pleasant suburb of 
 Washington, and divided from it 
 only by Rock Creek, is eld and 
 
 picturo»'(uo. It is the seaport of 
 the District f)f Columbia, and con- 
 RCiiuently has some; little conmu>rce. 
 GeorgetownCol lege(\i\.Mnm\C\\{.\\o\\c) f 
 the A(|ueduct, and the Convent (»f 
 Visitation are the ])rincij)al objects 
 of interest. 0,»A- Hill Cemetery, 
 north-east of the town is, though 
 small, very beautiful. Some fine 
 mausoleums, monununts, etc., are 
 to be fouutl here. Alexandria, op- 
 ])()8ite Washington, is also a suburb, 
 with (juaint ol(l buildings. In Christ 
 Church several jiews are shewn as 
 having once been occupied by 
 WashingtoTi and other eminent 
 men. The Court House, Mtiseum, 
 Theological Seminary, and 0(hl 
 Fellows Hall are the i)roniinent 
 objects of interest in Alexandria. 
 On the outskirts is another National 
 cemetery. Vnioiitown, on the. op- 
 posite shore of the Eastern Bnincli, 
 IS another suburb, but f»f less in- 
 terest. Mount Vernon, 15 miles 
 below Washington, anil on the 
 opi)osite 8i<le of the Potomac, is 
 generally visited by steamer. It is 
 interesting as having l)een in the 
 hands of the Washington family for 
 a great numl^er of years, as the 
 Hunting Creek estate. The house, 
 as it now stands, was built by 
 Lawrence, and finished by George 
 Washington. It contains . some 
 relics, 'riie tomb of Washington 
 stands retired, but near the mansion. 
 It is now the property of the United 
 States Government. 
 
 Reached by Baltimore and Ohio 
 Railway, from New York, via 
 Philadel])hia and Baltimore, in 8 
 hours. 
 
 Waterbury {Connecticut).— ]iiQVC 
 Haven County; i)opulation (1880), 
 17,806. 
 
 Hotels: Lawlors, Myers, Earlo 
 Scoville. 
 
 An important manufacturing 
 town at the junction of the Great 
 Brook, Mad and Nangatuck Rivers. 
 It .8 chiefly engaged in the 
 small hardware industries. It 
 has a handsome City Hall, a 
 Public Library, and eight churches, 
 of which St. Johns Episcopal is 
 remarka})le for its fine tower. 
 The town is regularly built, the 
 centre being occupied by a neat 
 park, from which the street's radiate* 
 
180 
 
 IJRADSIIAW S UNITED STATES. 
 
 I < 
 
 . I 
 
 i i 
 
 li 
 
 'ii 
 
 '. ''i 
 
 I ■ 
 
 Irving Hull ran seat 1,000 pcf)plo, 
 ftiid (nty Hnll l.«KM». It Iuih five 
 Ixtnki), Hoveral Hchools, and some 
 very flue rewiUcnciJs in the midst of 
 Riirdens. It i« the f^reiit brass 
 miinufticturing centre in the United 
 States. 
 
 lleaehed by New York and New 
 Haven U lilway, from New York, in 
 4 hours. 
 
 Wheeling ( We»f T'lr^JH/rt) .— Ca])ital 
 of the State, and seat of Ohio 
 County; popuhition (IH8(>), ;n,2«6. 
 
 Jloteln : MacLure, St. James, 
 Stamm's. 
 
 Ammtpmenfs ; The Opera House, 
 the Academy of Music. 
 
 Conreyanceit : Tramways (fare, 6 
 cents) ; carriages, I dol. i)er hour. 
 
 Po»i and Telegraph Office: In the 
 Custom and Court House. 
 
 Advantageously situated on the 
 east bank of the' Ohio River, at the 
 moutli of the Wheeling Creek. It is 
 cotniec'tcd with the opposite 
 Bellaire, in Ohio, })y a noble bridge 
 of 4"! arches. It has a thriving 
 commerce, and its factories arc 
 numerous and important, especia liy 
 the iron foundries, pai)er, loathe., 
 and woollen mills. The Capitol is a 
 fine building, as is also the Cuttom 
 HoHne, containing Court and Post 
 Office. The Odd Fellows' Hall, 
 Opera House, Public Library, several 
 fine school buildings and churches, 
 and the Fair Ground, just outside 
 the town, with Trotting Course, are 
 all noteworthy. 
 
 Reached by Baltimore and Ohio 
 Railway, from Baltimore, via 
 Washington, in 5 hours. 
 
 "Wilkesbarre (Pennsyloania).— Seat 
 of Luzerne County; population 
 (1880), 23,339. 
 
 Hotels : Wyoming Valley, Luzerne 
 Exchange, Bristol. 
 
 Situated on the north branch of 
 the Susquehanna River, opposite 
 Kingston, Pennsylvania. It is well 
 built, has broR,d, well-shaded streets, 
 and handsome buildings. It is 
 chiefly engaged in the iron and 
 steel industry, and in coal mining. 
 The Court House, County Prison, 
 Opera House, and several fine 
 
 churches will attract the eye of the 
 tourist. Prospect Rock, two miles 
 behind the town, is famous for its 
 fine view over the Wyoming Valley. 
 There is a bridge across the river. 
 
 Reached by Pennsylvania Rail- 
 way, from Baltimore, vid Sunbury, 
 in H\ hours. 
 
 Williamsport {Pennsylvania).— 
 Seat of Lycoming County; popu- 
 lation (188()), 18,03i. 
 
 Hotels: Park, C"ty, Hepburn, 
 Porter. 
 
 Situated on the west branch of 
 the Susq -ehanna River, and West 
 Branch ('anal. It is surrounded by 
 hills and splendid scenery. Tram- 
 ways run in its streets, which are 
 broad, straight, well paved, and 
 lighted by gas. The numerous 
 gardens in front of the houses make 
 the town attractive. It carries on a 
 large ti-ade in lumber, and has also 
 some n' ufactures. Graceful Sus- 
 pcDsiou Bridges connect the town 
 with the opposite suburbs of Rock- 
 town and Du))oistown. Trinitg 
 Church is the finest building in 
 Williamsport. The Dickinson Semi- 
 nary, in Academy-street, is a noted 
 educational institution ; Post Office, 
 and Court House, are also note- 
 worthy. The County Buildings are 
 remarkable. It has also a fine 
 Academy of Music. The vast saw 
 mills, planing mills, etc., and 
 factories connected with the timber 
 trade, make the town lively and 
 somewhat noisy. 
 
 Reached by Pennsylvania Rail- 
 way, from Baltimore, via Harris- 
 burg, in 6i hours. 
 
 'Wilmington (Delaware). — New 
 Castle County; population (1880), 
 42,499. 
 
 Hotels : Clayton, Delaware, Euro- 
 pean, United States. 
 
 Situated on the Delaware River 
 and Christiana and Brandywine 
 creeks. It derives its importance 
 from its extensive steamship build- 
 ing-yards. It has also some im- 
 portant manufactures. The town 
 IS uniformly built of brick, and 
 the streets are mostly paved, and 
 have paved side walks. The Custom 
 House and Post OJlce, the City H 
 
WHEELING— WOUCKSTEU. 
 
 187 
 
 Uie Wilminffton Institute niul Public 
 liibriiry, the AlmwhouHO niul Openi 
 Jloute Hrc the ]>riuci]ml public buihl- 
 inK8. The Stteditk Church, erocted 
 in 1K9H, is the uldcHt iimou^ iho 
 many fine churches of the town. 
 
 Retiched by Pennsylvania Rail- 
 way, from Baltimore, in one hour. 
 
 Wilminffton (North Carolina).— 
 Seat ot New Hanover County ; 
 population (1880), 6,367. 
 
 HoieU: Commercial, Purcell. 
 
 The principal commercial town of 
 North Carolma, is situated on the 
 Cape Fear River, and is a port of 
 entry. Forts Caswell and Fisher 
 were the scenes of memorable events 
 in the late Civil wars. It was 
 especially visited by blockade run- 
 ners from British ports, and vessel 
 after vessel succeeded in laudinj? 
 cargoes. The town is (juaint as 
 many of the southern towns are, 
 hut has nothing particular to inter- 
 est the visitor. Tlirn.- is an Opera 
 House, City Hall, County Court and 
 Custom Hr ISO and Post Office, 
 which are worth noticing. 
 
 Reached by Wilmington, Colum- 
 T)ia and Augusta Railway, from 
 Columbia, via Florence, in 114 
 hours. 
 
 "Winona {'Minneitoia) . — Sent of 
 Winona County ; population (1S30), 
 10,208. 
 
 Hotels: Haff, Jewell. 
 
 Beautifully situated on the Missis- 
 sipjii River on a plain commanding 
 a view of the river for many miles. 
 It is considered somewhat of a 
 winter resort, owing to its being 
 sheltered from North and North- 
 easterly winds. The town is com- 
 pactly built, the streets being wide 
 and well paved. The State Normal 
 School is a very fine building. An- 
 other School Building cost 65,000 
 dols. It has a considerable com- 
 merce in grain and wheat, some 
 factories and an important lumber 
 '.rade. The Philharmonic and Ely 
 Halls can each seat 800 persons. 
 
 Reached by Green Bay, Winona 
 and St. Paul Railway, from St. Paul, 
 in \\ houi s. 
 
 Worcester (Maii»achui>cttH). — scat 
 of WorceHter Countv ; ijopulatiou 
 (I880),as,;<83. 
 
 Uoteh: United Slates, Waldo, 
 Bay State House, Lincoln, Waver- 
 ley. 
 
 Theatren and Amunementt : Tho 
 Music Hall can scat 1,500 jtcrsons; 
 MechanicH' Institute Hall 2,500, 
 and several other Halls, nearly a 
 1,000. 
 
 Conveyance* • Tramways (fare, 
 5 cents) ; carriages, 1 i * dols, i)er 
 hour. 
 
 Post Office : On Main* trcet, 
 
 A thriving manufacturing town, 
 and the second in wealth and popu- 
 lation in the Statf. It is chiefly 
 engaged in the Ijoot hii<i shoe, hp,r(l- 
 ware, jewellerj', stonc\' are, carpet, 
 etc., industries. Tl'^ s.'aple produce 
 is iron and steol wiro. To the 
 tourist it will not prove 8])ecially 
 interesting. It is regularly laid out, 
 has wide streets, of Avhich Main- 
 street is the principal. The '* Com- 
 mon," in the midst of the town has 
 a beautiful Soldicrg' Monument. Tho 
 two County Court JFouKexon Lincoln- 
 square, the Cify Hall, High School, 
 and Mechanic*' Jlall deserve atten- 
 tion. The Union Railway Station 
 is one of tbo largest and 
 finest in the New England States. 
 The American Anfiquar an Society 
 has a fine fire])roof residence near 
 the Court Uou.ses, with a library of 
 60,000 volumes and some collections. 
 The Free Fuhl'c Library, in Elm- 
 street has 70,000 volumes and a read- 
 ing-room open to all. The Lyceum 
 and .Natural Hintory Society, on 
 Foster-street, has some interesting 
 collections. The State Lunatic 
 Asylum is on a hill east of the town. 
 The community is justly ])roud of 
 its educational institutions. There 
 are no less than 5 higher colleges 
 and acaflemies all well endowed and 
 fiourishing. It is the centre of an 
 extensive system of summer resorts, 
 and excursions may be made in 
 many directions, the principal being 
 Lake Quinsigamond and Wachuset 
 Mountain. 
 
 Reached by Boston and Albany 
 Railway, from Boston, via South 
 Framingham, in 1^ hours. 
 
9 
 
 h:^ 
 
 188 
 
 IJKADSHAW S UNITED STATES. 
 
 I ' 
 
 Xenia (OAio).— Seat of Green 
 County; population (1880), 7,020. 
 
 lloieh: St. George, Commercial, 
 OhraerV. 
 
 A pro.si)erou8 manufacturing 
 town, with wide streets and open 
 squares, well paved and well 
 shaded. The Court Jloiise is con- 
 eidered the finest in Ohio. The C'fi/ 
 Hall is very handsome, and the 
 Prison, or Jail, extensive, and not 
 without architectural beauty. The 
 town has an im])ortant trade, and 
 its manufactures arc considerable. 
 Its educational institutions enjoy; a 
 well-deserved reputation. The i)rin- 
 cii)al is ^enUi College, for both 
 sexes, with fine })uildings. The 
 Presbyterian Semimary was foun- 
 ded in 1794, and has a small library. 
 Wilberforce UnicemUy, for coloured 
 youths of both sexes, is a little 
 outside the town. The Orphan* 
 House, with its numerous buildings 
 is situated within grounds 200 acres 
 m extent. The surrounding country 
 is attractive and well cultivated. 
 
 Reached by Pittsburg, Cinci- 
 nnati and St. Louis Railway, from 
 Columbus, via London, in 2 hours. 
 
 Yellowstone National Park.— 
 
 In the Wyoming and Montana Terri- 
 tories, but chierty in the former. It 
 is Government property. 
 
 Hotels: The Mammoth Hot Spriyiffs 
 is the largest and most comfortable. 
 Several small hotels are found at 
 the Lower Geyser Basin and new 
 ones are in course of erection. 
 
 This remarkable region, covering 
 no less than 3,755 miles, is in-inci- 
 pally situated in the north-western 
 part of the Territory of Wyoming, 
 and a small part in the south-west 
 corner of the Montana. No por- 
 tion of the Park is less than 6,000 
 feet above the sea level. It is best 
 visited between 15th July and 15th 
 Octol)er. Yellowstone is 7,788 feet 
 above the sea level. The mountain 
 ranges rise to a height of from 
 lO.iHM) to 12,000 feet, and are covered 
 with perpetual snow. This large 
 tract was, by Act of Congress, in 
 March, 1872, set apart as a ])leasure 
 grouml for the Ijenefit and enjoy- 
 ment of the people. It is best 
 visited on horseback, and every 
 object of interest may then be visited 
 
 with safety. Hunting and fishing 
 can be also enjoyed. Complete outfits 
 for camping out, the pleasantest 
 way of visiting all points of interest 
 can ])e had either at Livingston or 
 Pozeman. These are also good 
 starting points; the latter being the 
 largest town {)n theNorthem Pacific 
 Railwiiy in the vicinity of the Park, 
 The latter is the branch station for 
 the line leading to Mammoth Hot 
 Springs. 
 
 The wh(^le region has been the 
 scene of considerable volcanic 
 activity, even recently. Among 
 other objects of interest, there are 
 over 1,500 hot s])rings, with ab(mt 
 50 geysers of the first magnitude. 
 The district also abounds in water- 
 falls, canyons, lakes, etc., rendering 
 it V)eyond (luestiou the most in- 
 teresting region of the world. The 
 geysers are of enormous volume, 
 and throw columns of water as 
 high as 200 feet. The springs may 
 be cbissed under two divisions, viz., 
 alcaline and silicate. Their tem- 
 perature varies between 160 and 
 200 degrees Fahr. The principal 
 incrustations are found in the upper 
 and lower gej'ser basins of the 
 Madison River, and also of the Gar- 
 diner River. The Yellowstone is 
 also interesting as the watershed of 
 this ]>ortion of America, no fewer 
 than four great river systems hav- 
 ing their origin here. The sources 
 of the Yellowstone River and of 
 several of the tributaries of the 
 Missouri are found here. The Snake 
 River has its beginning here, and 
 pours its waters into the Columbia, 
 and by it into the Pacific Ocean. The 
 Green River is also a tributary of 
 the Colorado aiul enters, with 
 several others, the Gulf of Cali- 
 fornia. 
 
 The Yellotc-stonn Rieer is very 
 picturesque for the first 22 miles of 
 its course before entering the Yel- 
 low-stone Lake. This latter is a 
 beautiful sheet of remarkably clear 
 water, abounding in salmon-trout. 
 Its shores are rugged, but ex- 
 tremely picturesque. A belt of hot 
 springs surrounds the south-west 
 arm of the lake. The Upper Falls, 
 through a series of rapids, descend 
 to a level 15 miles l)elow the lake. 
 They fall from a height of 140 feet, 
 The Lower Falls, 3(50 feet high, are 
 a qvuirter of a-mile further down. 
 
XENIA — YONKKRS. 
 
 189 
 
 fishinj? 
 te outfits 
 asantest 
 
 interest 
 ?8ton or 
 so Rood 
 )eing the 
 11 Pacific 
 le Park. 
 tion for 
 loth Hot 
 
 leen the 
 
 volcanic 
 
 Among 
 
 liere are 
 
 h about 
 
 .gnitude. 
 
 . water- 
 
 ndering 
 
 most in- 
 
 Id. The 
 
 volume, 
 
 ater as 
 
 igs may 
 
 ms, viz., 
 
 sir tem- 
 
 160 and 
 
 |)rincipal 
 
 he upper 
 
 of the 
 the Gar- 
 rstone is 
 jrshed of 
 no fewer 
 sms hav- 
 3 sources 
 
 and of 
 3 of the 
 he Snake 
 lere, and 
 )olumbia, 
 3ean. The 
 butary of 
 rs, with 
 of Call- 
 
 is very 
 miles of 
 : the Yel- 
 ttcr is a 
 bly clear 
 ion-trout, 
 hut ex- 
 elt of hot 
 )uth-west 
 )er Falls, 
 , descend 
 the lake. 
 
 140 feet, 
 high, are 
 er down. 
 
 and are very majestic. The Grand 
 Canon is about 20 miles long, and 
 stretches down from the LowerFalls. 
 It has ])eri)endicular walls 1,200 to 
 1,500 feet high. The scenery here is 
 of indiscril)able grandeur and 
 beauty. 
 
 Another remarkable natural i)he- 
 nomenon is the White Mountain 
 Hot Spring!*, on the west bank of 
 Gardiner's River. They extend from 
 the margin of the riveV to an eleva- 
 tion of about 1,000 feet high. The 
 calcareous deposits of the extinct 
 springs cover an area of about two 
 scjuare miles. The deposits are snow 
 white. The Sn'jihnr Mountain is a hill 
 of sulphurous de])osits, with many 
 Assures and holes whence sul])hur- 
 ous vapours issue. It lies 10 miles 
 west of the Yellowstone River from 
 the Falls. Mud Volcano is about 
 two miles above Suli)hur Mountain. 
 The crater is 25 feet in diameter, 
 about 30 feet dee]). It has broken 
 out from the side of a well-wooded 
 hill. It sends forth colums of dense 
 smoke, visible for mcny miles 
 round. There are also some Mud 
 Springs. About two ailes south-east 
 from Sulphur Mountain, on the 
 bank of the river, is a group of 
 remarkaV)le Mud Springs. Near the 
 Mud Volcano are three large hf)t 
 springs, having alternate periods of 
 eruption every six hours. 
 
 In the west i)ortion of the Park 
 are the celebrated Oei/sers onthc Fire 
 Hole River. They are in groups, 
 and are known as the Lower ancl 
 Upper Geyser Basins. The former 
 comprises" an area of about 30 square 
 miles. Its countless geysers and 
 springs are scjiarated in seven 
 groups. The second group, near the 
 centre of the Basin, is the most 
 interesting. The chief Geyser of 
 this group is 20 feet in diameter, 
 and over 60 feet high. Eight miles 
 to the south is the Upp^r Basin, not 
 nearly so large as the furmer, being 
 only three s(iuare miles in extent. 
 The geysers, on the other hand, are 
 much more important. The Old 
 Faithful, the most regular, throws a 
 column six feet in diameter, 130 
 feet high. It stands at the southern 
 extremity of the valley. The Bee- 
 hive has one eruption only in the 24 
 hours, but it rr >ches a height of from 
 100 to 220 feet, with a fliameter of 
 three feet. The Giantess is another 
 
 remarkable geyser, 25 feet in 
 diameter. It rises at times to 250 
 feet. At certain times the aperture 
 can be ai)i)r()ached so near, that the 
 water can be seen at the bottom. 
 The Sail- mi 1 1 Geyser is farther down 
 the river on the same side. Close to 
 this is the Grand Geyser, the most 
 powerful in the Basin, its orifice 
 is 2^ by 4 feet. When not in action 
 its waters are ([uito clear. Erup- 
 tions occur at irregular intervals, 
 and are preceded by a rumbling 
 sound and shaking of the ground. 
 The water then shoots to a height of 
 175 to 200 feet, and th(^ steam to 
 over 1 ,000 feet. Theerui)tions gene- 
 rally last 20 minutes, receding grad- 
 ually. The Tur/jan and Giant Geyser 
 are close by ; their discb.arges are 
 irregular and uncertain. They i.lay 
 at times for over an hour, ejecting 
 a column of water 8 feet in diameter 
 and 150 feet high. A column has 
 also been seen at a height of 2CK> 
 feet, and continuing for 3^ hours at 
 a time. There are al.so numerous 
 other unnamed gej'sers, of every 
 shape, height, colour, etc. 
 
 Besides these natural phenomena, 
 the scenic attractions of the Yellow- 
 stone Park are highly pictiires(iue. 
 Every variety of mountain scenery 
 is found. The hills aro all well 
 wooded, and replete with game. 
 It is a spot to attract alike the 
 tourist, the naturalist, and the 
 sportsman. 
 
 Reached by the Northern Pacific 
 Railway, from St. Paul, via Bozc- 
 man, to Mammoth Hot Springs, in 
 47 hours. Also from Ogden, via 
 Garrison and Livingston, by the 
 Union Pacific Railway, in 38J 
 hours. 
 
 Yonkers {New Fort).— Westchester 
 County; population (1880), 18,892. 
 
 Hotels: Gitty, Peabody, Man- 
 sion. 
 
 A suburbrtu town, principally in- 
 habited by New York merchants. 
 It is beautifully situated at the 
 mouth of the Saw Mill River, on 
 Hudson River. The Manor House, 
 long in the jmssession of the 
 Phillipse family, was the residence 
 of Mary Philliiise, Washington's 
 first love. A naval engagement 
 took ])lace here, on the river, in 
 1777, between some English men-of- 
 
190 
 
 BRADSHAW S UNITED STATES. 
 
 1 -i 
 
 war and American gun boats. It is 
 an old settlement. It has some 
 factories of agricultural imple- 
 ments, but the hat and silk indus- 
 tries are its principal ones. 
 
 Reached by New York Cen- 
 tral and Hudson River Railway, 
 from New York, in half an hour. 
 
 York {Pennsylvama). — York County ; 
 population (1880), 13,940. 
 
 Hotels: National, Centrtil, Metzel, 
 Pennsylvania, Washington. 
 
 Situated on Codorus Creek, the 
 town is old, having been first 
 settled in 1741, and incorporated in 
 1787. It was occupied by the Con- 
 federate Army for some time during 
 the Civil War. The streets are wide 
 and straight, and the houses sub- 
 stantially built. Centre Square is 
 the centre of the town— and here the 
 principal streets intersect. The Court 
 ' House is a handsome building, and 
 has a hall which can seat 1,200 
 persons. Agricultural implements, 
 railway cars, shoe, match, and 
 paper manufactories are the chief 
 sources of wealth in the district. 
 The scenery in the Codorus Valley 
 is very beaxitiful. 
 
 Reached by Pennsylvania Rail- 
 way, from Philadelphia, in 3| hours. 
 
 Yosemite Valley {California).— 
 In Mariposa County ; stretching 
 across part of Tuolumne County. 
 
 Hotels: Leydigs has two hotels; 
 another is Black's; the best are 
 perhaps, Lamon's two hotels ; Wnlsh 
 and Coulter is another ; all are fairly 
 clean, and the food good— consider- 
 ing the distance provisions have to 
 be brought. Charges— 3^ dols. to 5 
 dols. per day. 
 
 Guides : Inclusive of horses, 5 dols. 
 per day. 
 
 This superb valley is formed by the 
 Merced River in Southern Mariposa 
 County, and is distant about 220 
 miles from San Francisco. It runs 
 from east to west — is almost level, 
 and about 6 miles in length by from 
 half to one mile in width. It is 
 nearly a mile in perpendicular depth 
 below the adjoining regions. The 
 valley is one vast flower-garden— 
 the atmosi)here being laden with 
 perfume, whilst the eye is dazzled 
 
 by the variety and brilliancy of the 
 colouring. The Yosemite region was 
 discovered in 1851, by Captain Bol- 
 ing. The valley and the Mariposa 
 grove of big trees are the property 
 of the State, and inalienable. They 
 have to be kept "for ever" as 
 recreation grounds. 
 
 The most striking feature in 
 Yosemite is " El Capitan." It is an 
 isolated rock 3,300 feet in height, 
 with perpendicular sides — smooth, 
 and bare of all vegetation. The 
 beautiful Bridal Veil Fall, 900 feet 
 high, is another remarkable object, 
 and is exactly opposite " El Capi- 
 tan." It is thus named — because 
 owing to the great height from 
 which the water falls, it is con- 
 verted into mist long l)ef ore it reaches 
 the groimd. Opposite is Virgin's 
 Tears Creek, a beautiful fall of 
 1,000 feet. Cathedral Rock is on 
 the side of the Bridal Veil Fall, and 
 is so named from the fancied 
 resemblance the mountain bears to 
 a cathedral. The Spires, two grace- 
 fvd granite columns. Three Brothers 
 with superb view of the whole 
 valley, and Sentinel Rock, a rock 
 resembling an obelisk, are next seen. 
 Across the valley, at Sentinel Rock, 
 are the Falls of the Yosemite, the 
 most striking object in the valley ; 
 total height of fall is 2,600 feet, in 
 three leaps ; the first is 1,500 feet, 
 the second 626, in several cascades ; 
 and the last plunge 400. The roar 
 of these falling waters is at all times 
 very great. Two miles above the 
 Yosemite Falls, the valley termi- 
 nates in Washington Column and 
 Royal Arches. Here it divides into 
 three distinct but much narrower 
 canons. The principal features in 
 these three are : Mirror Lake, Half 
 Dome, North Dome, Cap of Liberty, 
 Nevada Fall and Vernal Fall. 
 
 The attractions of the valley are 
 further enhanced by the almost 
 permanent presence of several small 
 encampments of Digger Indians, 
 whose x^rimitive modes of living 
 will certainly interest the tourist. 
 Excursions into the surrounding 
 mountains are frequently made, and 
 are without danger, the guides 
 being reliable. The scenery com- 
 pares favourably with the most 
 romantic iiarts of Switzerland, or 
 the Andes of South America. The 
 best known siDots are Glacier Point 
 
YORK — ZANESVILLE. 
 
 191 
 
 on the Mariposa trail to Inspira- 
 tion Point. 
 
 V The stage route most preferred is 
 the one which leads from Madera, 
 vid Clark's and Inspiration Point. 
 This route affords the opportunity 
 of visiting the celebrated Jf«rt/>o»« 
 Orove of Big Trees, only 3^ miles 
 from Clark's. Their average height 
 is less than the Calaveras Grove 
 Trees, but in circumference they 
 are lirger. The Grizzly Giant, 
 though reduced hy burning, is still 
 04 feet in circumferance, and 31 feet 
 in diameter. There are other 
 I groves in the vicinity, as the Fresno 
 Grove, Fresno County, and the 
 Tuolumne Grove in Tuolumne 
 County. But having seen one, the 
 tourist may be said to have seen 
 all, as the trees are all of one 
 species. 
 
 Reached by Central Pacific Rail- 
 way, from San Francisco, via 
 Stockton, Lathrop and Madera, 
 thence by diligence, in 9 hours ; 
 return, vid Coulterville, Snelling 
 and Crane Flat to Merced. 
 
 Zanesville (OAio).— Seat of Mus- 
 kingum Comity ; population (188()), 
 18,120. 
 
 Hotels : Clarendon, American, 
 New Zane, Kirk. 
 
 Situated on the Muskingum River 
 and on the Ohio Canal, by which it 
 is connected with Cleveland and the 
 lakes. The river is crossed by four 
 bridges, of which one is an iron 
 railway bridge. The town has its 
 own waterworks, gas, tramways, 
 and is regularly laid ov.t. The 
 principal building is the stone Court 
 Home. The Athenwum is fine, and 
 has a reading room, with library of 
 6,00() volumes. The surrounding 
 agricultural district is fertile, and 
 Zanesville is its centre. The chief 
 source of the prosperity of the town 
 are the coal mines, iron ore', lime- 
 stone and clay, together with ample 
 water power. The Opera Hoime 
 can seat 1,100, and the Music Hall 
 850. 
 
 Reached by Baltimore and Ohio 
 Railway, from Baltimore, vid 
 Grafton, in 16 hours. 
 
i •! 
 
 •1! 
 
 '-it^ 
 
 ■'it 
 
 i :,, 
 
 M I* 
 
 ■;■; r 
 
 '' 1' 
 
 
 up 
 
DOMINION OF CANADA. 
 
 AREA AND EXTENT 
 (Geography). 
 
 The Dominion of Canada or 
 British North America, embraces 
 the whole territory north of the 
 United States — with the exception 
 ol:* Alaska— it includes all the 
 islands oif these coasts — except 
 Newfoundland, which has not 
 joined the Dominion yet, and the 
 French islands of S*^. Pierre, Mi- 
 quelon, and Langley. It extends 
 from the 43rd to the 70th parallel 
 north latitude, and from o3rd to 
 the 14 1st west longitude. The 
 superficial area is 3,805,394 square 
 miles. Up to the present, of this 
 the 11 provinces formed cover 
 about one- third ; the remainder 
 being still held as territories. This 
 vast territory is bordered by the 
 Atlantic Ocean, Davies Strait, and 
 Batiin's Bay on the east ; the Arctic 
 Ocean and Baffin's Bay on the 
 north ; the Pacific Ocean, Alaska, 
 and Queen Charlotte's Island on 
 the west; and the United States 
 on the south, ^ts superficial area 
 is one fifteenth of the land surface 
 of the globe, and a little more than 
 that of the United States, and a 
 little less than Europe. However, 
 only about two- thirds are habitable. 
 In this work it is intended to 
 deal only with the narrow strip 
 immediately bordering on the 
 United States, and principally that 
 near the Canadian Pacific Railway, 
 and between the 43rd and 55th 
 parallels of northern latitude. 
 
 The physical features of this 
 territory are very varied. The 
 principal mountains are the Cobe- 
 quid llange in Nova Scotia ; the 
 range of a moderate elevation 
 between Quebec and New Bruns- 
 wick ; the terraced country between 
 the St. Lawrence and the llocky 
 Mountains ; the Rocky Mountains 
 in the western part, with peaks of 
 15,000 feet in height ; the Selkirk 
 and Cascade Mountains, bet\\ecn 
 the Rocky Mountains and the 
 Pacific coast, rising to about 7,000 
 feet. 
 
 Canada possesses the largest lake 
 and river system in the world. The 
 area drained comprises over 700,000 
 square miles. The principal iivers 
 are the St. Lawrence, the Mac- 
 kenzie, the Saskatchewan, Peace, 
 Nelson, Athabasca, Assiniboine, 
 Albany, Churchill, Winnipeg, the 
 Columbia, Eraser, Thompson, and 
 Ottawa rivers, together with a 
 great number of less importance. 
 The coast offers good harbours and 
 the rivers easy access to the heart 
 of the country. The fauna and 
 flora are very varied. The climate 
 is a cold one. The chief source of 
 wealth is agriculture. Any mineral 
 wealth of importance is only in the 
 western portions. Mineral springs 
 are numerous. 
 
 HISTORY. 
 
 The earliest visitors to the 
 Canadian Atlantic coast are sup- 
 posed to have been Norsemen. But 
 this is very doubtful, and the first 
 
194 
 
 BRADSHAW S CANADA. 
 
 I 'I ' ! 
 
 
 (' ,1 
 
 II 
 
 ( .' 
 
 t ii 
 
 
 discovery is generally ascribed to 
 the Cabots, father and son, oi 
 Genoese origin, but settlers in Eng- 
 land. The former navigator visited 
 it in 1497 and the latter in the 
 year following. Since 1504, the 
 coast of Newfoundland and adjoin- 
 ing islands have been visited by 
 Norman, Basque and Breton fisher- 
 men. The first French settlement 
 under Baron de Lory and St. Just 
 ■was effected in 1518. In 1523, 
 Fi-ance took possession of the region 
 surrounding the mouth of the St. 
 Lawrence. The visits and explor- 
 ations of Jacques Cartierin 1534-5, 
 however, may be considered to 
 constitute the first period of 
 Canadian history. 
 
 By the treaty of Utrecht in 1713, 
 the region became a possession of 
 the British Crown. In 1G70, the 
 charter of the Hudson Bay Com- 
 pany was granted. In 1721, the 
 census showed 25,000 inhabitants 
 of European origin. In 17^3, all 
 French possessiojis in North 
 America became British, and in 
 1790, the country was divided into 
 Upper and Lower Canada. In 1840, 
 both colonies were united, and 
 Kingston became the seat of the 
 Government. In 1844, Montreal be- 
 came the capital ; in 1849, Toronto ; 
 and after this Quebec and Toronto, 
 each for the term of 4 years. In 
 1854, the old feudal system was 
 done away with, and since 1858, 
 Ottawa has become the capital. 
 
 POPULA.TION. 
 
 The entire population, according 
 to the census of 3rd April, 1881, 
 was 4,324,750, of which 2,188,854 
 were males, and 2,135,956 females. 
 2,422,285 were Protestants and 
 1,791,982 Catholics, 2,393 Jews, 
 4,478 heathens, and 103,072 with- 
 out any professed religion. These 
 very mixed elements were as fol- 
 lows : Canadian French, 1,298,929 ; 
 Irish, 957,403 ; English, 881,301 ; 
 
 Scotch, 099,803 ; German, 254,319 ; 
 Indians, 131,137 ; Negroes, 21,394 ; 
 Chinese, 4,383, whilst every nation 
 of Europe has sent a more or less 
 strong contingent. The number 
 of emigrants was in 1881-2 = 
 59,939; in 1882-3 = 72,281. The 
 most ^ populous provinces are 
 Ontario and Quebec: the least 
 populous British Columbia, Assini- 
 boine and Athabasca. 
 The principal towns are : 
 
 Inhabitants. 
 
 Montreal with 140,747 
 
 Toronto ,, 
 
 90,000 
 
 Quebec ,, 
 
 75,000 
 
 Halifax ,, 
 
 36.100 
 
 Hamilton ,, 
 
 35,905 
 
 Ottawa ,, 
 
 27,417 
 
 St. John ,, 
 
 20,127 
 
 London , , 
 
 20,000 
 
 Winnipeg ,, 
 
 10,000 
 
 Kingston , , 
 
 14,093 
 
 Charlottetown ,, 
 
 11,485 
 
 Victoria , , 
 
 8,000 
 
 The population of »^ 
 
 5 axon origin 
 
 is the most law-abiding ; the 
 
 French and half-breed 
 
 ri being very 
 
 restless, and frequently causing 
 
 political disturbances. 
 
 
 GOVERNMENT. 
 
 Until 1838 the Government con- 
 sisted of a legislature, whose 
 members were appointed by the 
 Crown, and a chamber of deputies 
 elected by the inhabitants. In 
 consequence of the revolution of 
 Upper Canada, this constitution 
 was suspended in 1838, and the 
 Government entrusted to a Special 
 Council. .On the Union of Upper 
 and Lower Canada, in 1840, the 
 new legislature consisted of an 
 upper chamber of 20 members, 
 appointed by the Governor in the 
 name of the Queen for life, and a 
 lower house with 84 members 
 elecced by the inhabitants. Since 
 the union of all the colonies (New- 
 foundland excepted) under the title 
 of the Dominion of Canada, in 
 
BRADSHAW S CANADA. 
 
 195 
 
 n, 254,319 ; 
 )c 8, 21,394; 
 very nation 
 ore or less 
 le number 
 1881-2= 
 ,281. The 
 inees are 
 the least 
 bia, Assini- 
 
 re : 
 
 bitants. 
 40,747 
 90,000 
 75,000 
 35,100 
 35,905 
 27,417 
 26,127 
 26,000 
 16,000 
 14,093 
 11,485 
 8,000 
 
 ixon origin 
 
 iding ; the 
 
 being very 
 
 ly causing 
 
 nment con- 
 re, whose 
 ted by the 
 of deputies 
 bants. In 
 volution of 
 onstitution 
 8, and the 
 to a Special 
 a of Upper 
 I 1840, the 
 sted of an 
 ' members, 
 nor in the 
 life, and a 
 members 
 its. Since 
 >nies (New- 
 ler the title 
 Canada, in 
 
 P™ 
 
 1864, they form a confederation. 
 The Government so constituted is 
 that of a limited Monarchy, on the 
 principle of the responsibilities of 
 Ministers to Parliament. It i? 
 vested in a Governor-General, 
 appointed by the Queen of Great 
 Britain and Ireland, but paid by 
 the Dominion, and a Cabinet of 13 
 members, who, with the Speaker 
 of the Senate, form the Privy 
 Council. The seat of Government 
 is Ottawa. The Parliament con- 
 sists of the Queen, an Upper House 
 of 78 members— 39 elected by the 
 Governor for life and 39 elected by 
 the people— 40 of which sit for 
 Canada, 12 for Nova Scotia, 12 for 
 New Brunswick, three for Prince 
 IMsvard's Island, three for Mani- 
 toba, and three for British Colum- 
 ]>ia ; this chamber is called the 
 Senate. The Lower House is 
 ytyled the " House of Commons," 
 and consists of 206 members, 
 elected in the same number of 
 electorial districts by the people. 
 During the session the daily ex- 
 penses of members are paid by the 
 Government. Clergymen are not 
 eligible. The mandate lasts for 
 four years, but the Governor can 
 dissolve Parliament and order a 
 new election. A session of Parlia- 
 ment must take place every year. 
 The President of the Senate is 
 chosen by the Crown and appointed 
 for life ; the Speaker of the House 
 of Commons is elected by the 
 members. The Governor-General 
 has a civil list of £10,000 per 
 annum. The judges of Canadian 
 coui'ts are appointed by the Crown 
 and not elected by the people as in 
 the United States. 
 
 The present Governor of Canada 
 is the Marquis of Lansdowne ; the 
 Minister President is Sir John A. 
 Macdonald ; Interior, Sir D. L. 
 Macpherson ; Finance, Sir S. L. 
 Tilley; Public Works, Sir H. 
 Langevin; Railways and Canals, 
 Sir C. Tupper; Agriculture, Pope; 
 
 Justice, Sir Alex. Campbell ; Mill* 
 tia, A. P. Caron ; Post and 
 Telegraph, Frank Smith ; High 
 Commissioner in England, Sir C. 
 Tupper. 
 
 PROVINCES. 
 
 The Dominion of Canada is 
 composed of the following Pro- 
 vinces: Ontario, Quebec, Prince 
 Edward Island, Nova Scotia, New 
 Brunswick, Manitoba, and British 
 Columbia. 
 
 The territories of Assiniboia, 
 Saskatchewan, Alberta and Atha- 
 basca. 
 
 The North -West territories, 
 Labrador and Newfoundland are 
 not yet admitted in the Union. 
 
 ARMY AND NAVY. 
 
 All able-bodied men (British 
 subjcfts) are enrolled in the Militia 
 for the defence of the Dominion — 
 from the ISth to the 60th year. 
 The Militia is divided into an active 
 and reserve fore », the former in- 
 cluding the volunteer, I'egular, and 
 marine militia. A'olunteers have 
 to serve for three years, and regu- 
 
 i lar and marine militia for two years. 
 
 i The active force in 1580 was : — 
 
 Cavalry 
 
 Field Artillery 
 Garrison Artillery 
 Engineer.-', 
 Infantry and Ilitles 
 
 . 2,637 
 
 . 1,438 
 
 3,479 
 
 .. 282 
 37,316 
 
 In all 
 
 The reserve militia 
 Imperial troops as 
 Garrison of Halifax, 
 
 45,152 
 655,000 
 
 2,000 
 
 In all 702,152 
 
 Canada is divided into twelve 
 military districts. There ai'3 four 
 artillery schools and a military 
 college at Kingston. Every male 
 inhabitant serves threo yeai*s in 
 the active militia, in each of which 
 he is drilled during sixteen days. 
 
 g2 
 
196 
 
 BRADSHAW S CANADA. 
 
 I 
 
 m 
 
 < \^ 
 
 
 /I: 
 
 V' 
 
 k 
 
 I ll[ 
 
 .'?.[ 
 
 
 There are seventeen field batteries. 
 The navy of the Dominion is com- 
 posed of three screw steamers, two 
 paddle steamers, and two river 
 gunboats. 
 
 FINANCES. 
 
 The finances of Canada are not 
 in the most desirable condition, 
 the annual budgets closing mostly 
 with a deficit. The expenses for 
 the year 1883-4 were estimated 
 at 45,504,140 dols. The budget 
 of 1882-83 showed receipts 
 62,286,053 dols., and the expenses 
 68,040,463 dols. ^ Amongst the 
 receipts in this year figure 
 23,009,582 dols. customs dues and 
 6,260,116 dols. excise dues, loan 
 14,996,293 dols., and floating 
 accounts 11,495,110 dols., thus 
 showing almost half of the receipts 
 as borrowed capital. 
 
 The total public debt on Ist July, 
 1883, was as follows : — 
 
 Liahilities. 
 
 Without interest ... $28,138,176 
 
 4% do. ... 119,440,450 
 
 5% do. ... 44,328,820 
 
 6% do. ... 10,251,658 
 
 Total liabilities 
 
 $202,159,104 
 
 of which payable in London, 
 
 
 $130,187,403. 
 
 
 Assets. 
 
 
 Without interest ... 
 
 $21,524,763 
 
 Varying 
 
 do. 
 
 173,263 
 
 3% 
 
 do. 
 
 15,000 
 
 4% 
 
 do. 
 
 10,583,133 
 
 4^% 
 
 do. 
 
 140,000 
 
 5% 
 
 do. 
 
 10,487,533 
 
 6% 
 
 do. 
 
 768,698 
 
 $43,692,390 
 
 Total Ist July, 1883 $158,466,714 
 Total Ist July, 1882 $153,661,651 
 
 Increase in 1883 $4,805,063 
 
 PRODUCE AND MANU- 
 FACTURES. 
 
 The produce of the soil has been 
 heretofore the main source of 
 income and wealth in the Dominion 
 of Canada. Manufactures, confined 
 as they are to only the two pro- 
 vinces of Nova Scotia and Ontario, 
 occupy, as yet, a very secondary 
 position, with the exception 
 perhaps of the shipbuilding which 
 is of very great importance. The 
 steamers are cliiefliy constructed in 
 Ontario, Quebec, and British 
 Columbia ; sailing vessels in Nova 
 Scotia and New Brunswick. la 
 1879, 39 of the former, with 3,094 
 register tons capacity ; and 264 
 of the latter, with 100,457 register 
 tons capacity, were built. In the 
 same year 400 vessels, with 99,882 
 tons, of which 71 were steamers 
 with 5,639, were registered. 
 The manufactures and industries 
 should, however, for several 
 reasons be both more numerous 
 and more remunerative. We shall, 
 therefore, limit ourselves to the 
 produce of the soil. In the first 
 place may be mentioned coal, of 
 which there are extensive beds in 
 Nova Scotia, near Pictou ; in Mani- 
 toba, British Columbia, and the 
 North-West territories annually 
 about 500,000 tons are exported. 
 Petroleum on the peninsula 
 between Lakes Erie and Huron ; 
 copper on Lake Nipigon and Mac- 
 kenzie River; silver, gold, iron 
 and other minerals are also 
 abundant. The timber and then 
 the cereals, and other agricultural 
 produce, come next in importance. 
 The export of the former reached, 
 in 1881-82, £4,386,000, and the 
 latter £6,447,000. In hides and 
 skins, which have fallen off con- 
 siderably of late, £428,000 worth 
 were exported. But the most 
 important of all the branches 
 of wealth to the inhabitants of 
 Canada are the extensive fisheries, 
 
 . fi 
 
BRADSHAW S CANADA. 
 
 107 
 
 MANU- 
 
 • 
 
 il has been 
 Bource of 
 a Dominion 
 38, confined 
 e two pro- 
 id Ontario, 
 secondary 
 exception 
 iling which 
 mce. The 
 structed in 
 British 
 ?ls in Nova 
 swick. Ill 
 with 3,094 
 ; and 264 
 '57 register 
 t. In the 
 ith 99,882 
 e steamers 
 registered, 
 industries 
 r several 
 numerous 
 We shall, 
 ves to the 
 n the first 
 id coal, of 
 ve beds in 
 I J in Mani- 
 j, and the 
 annually 
 exported, 
 peninsula 
 d Huron ; 
 and Mac- 
 gold, iron 
 are also 
 and then 
 fricultural 
 iportance. 
 r reached, 
 and the 
 liides and 
 L off con- 
 )00 worth 
 the most 
 branches 
 titants of 
 fisheries, 
 
 and their produce exported in 
 1881-82, was of the enormous 
 value of over £5,000,000. 
 
 COMMERCE. 
 
 The statistics of 1882-3 show 
 total imports £21,879,0 0. And 
 the total exports amounted to 
 £21,279,000, or a tturplus of imports 
 over exports of £3,(J00,0;)0. The 
 principal imports were : Colonial 
 produce, £1,951,000; combustibles. 
 £1,000,000; metals, £1,309,000; 
 dry goads, £5,394,000; other 
 manufactures, £2,718,000, and 
 sundries, £8,437,000. The piin- 
 cipil exports : cereals, £6,447,000 ; 
 animals and animal produce, 
 £5,378,000; timber, £4,386,000, 
 and sundries, £3,897,000. The 
 movement of vessels in the 
 ports consisted of 5,057,129 tons 
 under the English flag, and 
 2,870,433 tons under foreign flags ; 
 in all, 7,936,502 tons. ^ The mer- 
 cantile fleet consisted in 1881 of 
 4,630 vessels, with 1,060,473 tons, 
 of which 721, with 200,023 tons, 
 were steamers. The coistiug and 
 rlvor trade was carried on by 
 16,268 vessels, boats and canal 
 barges, with 2,889,510 tons carrying 
 capa^jity, of which 9,722 with 
 1,715,248 tons were und'^r the 
 British flag. Through the Welland 
 canal 998,247 tons passed in that 
 year, 1,729,610 tons through the 
 St. Lawrence canal, and 577,821 
 tons through the Ottawa and 
 Ilideau canals. 
 
 RAILWAYS. 
 
 At the end of 1882, 8,805 English 
 miles of railways were in full 
 operation and 3,190 miles in con- 
 struction. The end of 1885 saw 
 the completion of the Canadian 
 Pacific Railway across the whole 
 bi'eadth of the Dominion. The 
 whole private capitol invested in 
 railways was 306,956,396 dols. 
 with 103,773,410 dols of State 
 
 aid. A great bulk of the Europe in 
 capital, i)rincipally English, is 
 sunk in them and many lines 
 are worked at a loss, as in the 
 United Stat«'S. In Ontario 
 private capitalists and municipa- 
 lities furnish the larger amount of 
 capital and build roads with 
 Government assistance. In Quebec 
 thecont.ary obtains, the Govern- 
 ment furnishing the money, while 
 the capitalists and municipalities 
 assist in building the railways. 
 Some of the lines are worked on 
 the Americaji i)rineiple, )".('., pas- 
 senger trains having only one class, 
 while others prefer the European 
 plan. The same applies to the 
 passenger carriages. Drawing- 
 room and sleei)ing cars arc ru!i on 
 most express trains, the extra 
 charge being small in comparison 
 with the charges levied in Europe 
 for the same accommodatioji. The 
 same regulations as to tickets, Ac., 
 obtain in Canada as in the States. 
 Passengers must be careful to look 
 out for their station, as all aratige- 
 ments to guide them are very im- 
 certain. 
 
 POST AND TELEGRAPH. 
 
 The postal system is, perhaps, 
 even more extensive than in the 
 United States, and every village 
 in the Dominion has its ofHce. In 
 1883, 6,395 offices were in opera- 
 tion, handling 62,800,000 si tuple 
 letters, 2,050,000 registered letters, 
 postal cartes, 12,910,000 ; 2,00<>,000 
 letters free of postage (oilicial), 
 and 16,589.200 newspapers and 
 samples, a total of 97,579,200 
 deliveries. 307 Post Office Savings 
 Bank^ with total deposits of 
 435,989 dols., by 5l,4(;3 de- 
 positors, were in working. 
 
 The total length of telegraph 
 wii'es is 45.000 j^nglish miles with 
 2,550 office.>, mostly held by the 
 three comi)anie3 char^^erjd by Act 
 of Parliament: the Montreal, the 
 Dominion and Western Union, 
 

 
 I' 
 
 J* i 
 
 I 
 
 Mi* 
 
 4 i! 
 
 ;•<! 
 
 :t 
 
 
 f 
 
 :j! 
 
 
 198 
 
 I'.UAD.SIIAW S CANADA. 
 
 anl Canadian Pacific. The 
 Wostera Union is an American 
 compiny with domicilo in New 
 York, which, however, works in 
 conjunction with the Canadian 
 PaciKc Over 2,00(),()f)0 niessaKes 
 were delivered in 1882. The 
 charge is 15 cents for 10 words 
 and under for a distance not ex- 
 ceeding 12 miles. Beyond, 25 
 cents for equal number of words 
 with one cent for each additional 
 word. Half prices obtain for 
 messages transmitted in the night 
 and delivered next morning. 
 
 MONEY. 
 
 The same as in the United 
 States, but English coin and notes 
 are also current. 
 
 CONVEYANCES. 
 The same paragraph in the 
 United States portion of this book 
 applies also to Canada. 
 
 HOTELS 
 Are kept as in the United States. 
 
 TOURIST, CIRCULA.Il AND 
 EXCURSION TICKETS. 
 
 These are issued under the same 
 conditions as oblain in the 
 United States. 
 
 LUGGAGE CHECK SYSTEM. 
 Also as in the States. 
 
 CUSTOMS, PASSPORT, ETC. 
 
 The paragraph in the United 
 States section applies also to the 
 Dominion. 
 
 CLIMATE & DRESS. 
 
 The summers and winters in 
 Canada are equally marked, and 
 
 are rather trying to people accus- 
 tomed to a more equable and 
 mildrr temperature. Roth sea- 
 sons are more intense and 
 pronounced than in England. 
 However, tlie air is remarkably 
 dry, bracing and healthy. On the 
 whole, the climate is very varied, 
 but a trifle colder in winter and 
 a little hotter in summer than 
 in England. The southern interior 
 of Canada is milder, being 
 influenced by the lake waters, 
 whilst the Province of Quebec, 
 British Columbia, and the North- 
 West territories are considerably 
 colder, resembling more Norway 
 and Sweden in temperature. The 
 annual mean temperature in 
 Ontario is 44 degs. Fahr., as com- 
 pared with that of the British 
 Isles of 48 degs. Fahr. In the 
 other regions, especially the 
 prairies west of Ontario and east 
 of British Columbia, the mean 
 summer temperature is GO deg. 
 Fahr. Sometimes the ther- 
 mometer rises to U5 and 100 degs. 
 Fahr. in the shade, and there are 
 frequent and abundant showers of 
 rain. In winter it not un- 
 frequently falls to from 50 to 
 CO^ degs. Fahr. below freezing 
 point. Throughout the coast 
 regions on either side the change 
 is not nearly^ so rapid and exten- 
 sive. Intending tourists would do 
 well to choose either spring or 
 autumn for their visits to Canada, ' 
 as they will thus avoid the 
 extremes of both summer and 
 winter. As a novelty, the winter 
 in Canada has many attractions, 
 which the uncertain climate of 
 Great Britain does not allow. 
 Winter may be chosen, therefore, 
 by many, but this always necessi- 
 tates a considerable outlay in furs. 
 
 I -> 
 
 .1 s 
 
)lc accus- 
 able uiitl 
 ioth. Son- 
 ne and 
 En gland, 
 markabl v 
 On the 
 •y variei], 
 nter and 
 laer than 
 I interior 
 , being 
 waters, 
 Quebec, 
 e Nortli- 
 siderably 
 Norway 
 re. Thii 
 turo in 
 , as com- 
 f British 
 In the 
 dly the 
 and east 
 le mean 
 GO deg. 
 ther- 
 100 degs. 
 there are 
 owers of 
 lot un- 
 1 50 to 
 freezing 
 > coast 
 3 change 
 i exten- 
 k'ould do 
 5ring or 
 Canada, ' 
 oid the 
 ler ^ and 
 3 winter 
 actions, 
 nate of 
 allow, 
 erefore, 
 necessi- 
 iu furs. 
 
 THE GRAND TRUNK RAILWAY 
 
 OF CANADA. 
 
 i 1 
 
 I 
 I 
 
 k 
 
 The reproach that Canada is practically a fpt'i'u incoijmta to the majority 
 of English ti'aveller.s is only too true. Notwithstanding the tide of emigra- 
 tion which is constantly setting towards its .shores, and notwithstanding 
 the fact th:it visitors and authors htive done ample justice to the beauty and 
 boundless resf)urces of the Premier British Colony, Canada has up to the 
 present not been sutliciently appreciated either l»y the tourist or the sports- 
 man. From the moment ho lands at Quebec, each new departure unfoldH to 
 the traveller new revelations of those magnittcent natural gifts so lavishly 
 dispensed over th? dominion. The' tract of country' traversed by the Grand 
 Trunk Railway is poculiarly interesting, and may bo taken as a typical 
 specimen of the bast portions of Canada. 
 
 Wearied and ill, or nervous and fretful with incessant work and worry, 
 dwellers in the great cities of Europe are often forced to ask : '* Where can 
 I go for health ?" A thorough change of scene is at once the safest and 
 pleasantest remedy. Most men go either to the German Baths, or the 
 Mountains of Switzerland, or the various cai)itnls of Europe, to the fjords of 
 Norway, or to some out-of-the-way nooks. Each year, however, they return 
 more dissatisfied and more depressed, it may bo, than when they started. 
 Familiarity has destroyed the charm and freshness of the old ground. All who 
 desire to l)eneftt by change to an appreciable extent must, therefore, look for 
 it out of the beaten track, and in this present age of steam and electricity 
 this is not difficult to manage. A trip across the Atlantic is a much less 
 formidable undertaking nowadays than a trip to Paris used to Ije 50 years 
 ago. And what more mtcresting trip could be suggested to the wandering 
 Englishman, than a visit to Canada, with its associations, its beautiful 
 scenery, and its rapidly increasing wealth and population. 
 
 Even to-day the average Englishman is little accpiainted with the 
 fair region fra versed by the Grand Trunk Raihvay of Canada. This great 
 corijoration carries its lines of rail across the country from the Atlantic to 
 the great Lakes, to Chicago and Detroit. For the lover of unefiualled 
 scenery, as well as for the sportsman, this line, therefore, offers unusual and 
 indeed unique attractions. From quaint and venerable Quebec to the 
 youngest settlement in the North-West, the Grand Trunk system and its 
 connections traverse a country blessed with a splendid climate, and with an 
 ample water supply. A country fertile and of great natural beauty, and 
 covered with prosperous towns and homesteads. The inhabitants are a 
 prosperous, energetic and intelligent race, whom England may well be 
 proud to caU her sons. 
 
 The sea voyage, with its necessary absence of business and other 
 worries, the regular meals, the bracing sea air, the voyage up the River 
 St. Lawrence, will have probably effected an important change in the health 
 of most invalids, even before they h ive landed. By the time they reach 
 Quebec they feel braced up, and, as it were, quite different beings. The 
 St. Lawrence, from its mouth to Quebec, presents an unrivalled scene of 
 ever-changing beauty. The first sight of QueV)ec is very striking. The 
 coup d'oeil, as the traveller steams up to the landing stage at Quebec, is one 
 which neither the pencil of the artist or the pen of the writer can depict. 
 The view of the town of Quebe?, with its citadel, its miles o^ wharv^es, and 
 its quaint old buildings, is very impressive. The town itself looks and smells 
 French ; French is spoken all around you. A few days may be spent to 
 advantage in seeing Quebec town, and excursions should— if time permits — 
 b3 made to the Falls of Montmorency, Lorette, Lakes Beauport and St. 
 Charles, the Chaudiere Falls, the Saguenay River, etc. 
 
 From Quebec to Montreal, the tourist has the choice of a railway on 
 either side of the St. Lawrence, both lines belonging to the Canadian Grand 
 Trunk Railway. The line from Point Levy to Montreal is the one more 
 
200 
 
 UKADSIIAW S CANADA. 
 
 ■ II 
 
 I 
 
 n 
 
 n 
 
 '1 i 
 
 ,11! 
 1: ^ I 
 
 <P! 
 
 II 
 
 I m 11 
 
 
 jfcnorally used. Tho country it traverses is monofonous ; l>ut just Iteforo 
 the train enters Montreal the Hcenc changes, as tlic traveller piMses into 
 tho tunnel of tho Victoria Bridgo acroHH the St. Lawrence River. This 
 bridge is a niasrniftcent Htructure, 1),0H4 feet long. It rest.s on 21 i)icrs, 
 connecting the Canadian Railway system with that of the Unite<l States. 
 
 Montreal presents a very imimsini^ view. It is one of the hands )niest, 
 best-built, Hud most busy of the larj^o towns of the American Continent. 
 For a detailed description the reader is referred to the section on Montreal 
 (paj^e 207). It has also preserved many traces of its ancient French settlers, 
 thougli it is considerably more Eni^lish than Quebec. The best view of the 
 city is from St. Helen's'island. No tourist should leave Montreal withoiit 
 "shootinj^ tho Lachine Rapids" as the sensation is one not readily forgotten. 
 
 From Montreal a trip should also bo made to Ottawa, the Capital of the 
 Dominion. Tho town is by no means striking in any other respect. It is 
 ujither a commercial town nor a convenient seat of government. .Jeulousy 
 between Quebec, Montreal, and Toronto was the real rea.s<m for its 
 selection. The Parliament Buildings are extensive and imposing. Rideau 
 iiiid Chaudiore Falls are about tho most important ami interesting of tho 
 
 sights to 1)0 seen. 
 
 From Montreal easy trips are also made to tho Adirondacks, Lake 
 {'hamplain, and L>ikc George, the great American summer jdaygrounds. 
 The scenery is very tino, and, however short the tourist's available time, a 
 few days em))loyed in this excursion will amply recompense him. The 
 "White Mountaitis are uls') much visited. The Thousand Islands (really 
 1,7*>()) in the St. Lawrence, begin near Kingston, the beginnm.? of the out- 
 1 i-j of L iko Ontario, and should certainly not be omitte I am )nj: objects to 
 be visite I. They present every variety of formaticm, comjmsition, shape, 
 vegetation, etc. 1" or sportsmen there is hero a perfect paradise, spacious 
 and well-conducted hotels are abundant among the islands. The steamers 
 between Montreal and Kingston are the best means of locomotion. The 
 islands are the scene of many of Fenimore Cooper's and other tales. The 
 l)laces now seen will recall many pleasant hours spent in reading that 
 pleasant writer's romances. 
 
 At Brockville, which is the terminus of the Lake of the 1,000 
 islands, tho train of the Grand Trunk line is once more taken. After 
 a comparatively short run through a lovely country, the traveller arrives 
 at— what is pi'actically, and must eventually become, the real Capital 
 of Ciinada— Toronto. This by enthusiasts is also called the " Queen 
 City." It has just celebrated its semi-centennial, for in 18^5 exactly 
 5i) years had elapsed since its incorporation as a town. It was 
 f )unded in 1794 by General Simcoe. It is a modern town, much 
 i\ )ted for its fine public and private buildings. The detailed des- 
 cription will be found on i^age 215. The magnificent panorama of city 
 and lake may be l)est enjoyed from the tower of the Provincial University 
 in Queen's Park. No visitor should leave Toronto without seeing the game 
 of Lacrosse played in the elegant grounds of Rosedale— this is the " Lord's " 
 or tho " Oval " of Toronto. Hanlan's Island, with Hanlan's Hotel—built by 
 the Champion of many rowing matches — should also bo inspected. Around 
 the town there are a great many very interesting points for excursions. 
 
 Thence the majority of travellers would naturally direct their steps to 
 a great city of mushroom growth— Chicago. The journey is long by rail, 
 but the luxurious accommodation provided by the Grt»nd Trunk Railway 
 and its connections reduce delay or discomfort to a minimum. Drawing- 
 room, sleeping and refreshment cars, provide for all the requirements of 
 tho traveller. Tho country traversed is in a high state of cultivation — and 
 dotted over with prosperous towns. Forty years ago Chicago was a small 
 Indian trading post, and the plain on which it now stands was a barren 
 waste. To-day it contains over 500,000 inhabitants — while its palatial and 
 substantial buildings can compare with those of any city in the civilized 
 world. A detailed description of the town will be found on page 65. It is 
 one of the largest grain markets in the world— anti its manufactures and 
 >?3neral commerce are very extensive. As characteristic of its enormous 
 
 i 
 
nRAI»>HAW S CANADA. 
 
 201 
 
 
 nnd extraordinary ontorpriK?, it is worth montionintr horo thnt thero is ft 
 movement on foot for the foriniition of an islHTid in the hike ofT the city, to 
 serve ns a jileasuro resort in summer -much as Coney Island (i(»es for 
 New York. Chicapro Btands, perhnps, first in tlie worhl hh for tie mn^r- 
 iiiticence of its hotels. With rcirard to amusements, few of the capitals of 
 the f)Id or new world can excel it. 
 
 Another interostinur t(»wn (m the hne of the Grand Trunk Riiilway is 
 Detroit — one of the most beautiful towns on th') American ContincTit, 
 whether as re^^ards natural scenery or artificial improvements. A detailed 
 description of the town will bo found on ])atro H'l. The town was founded 
 by the French — and they were succeeded J)y the (fermiins. It wiis theti 
 larf?ely settled by Enj^hsh, Scandinavians, aiid other Kuroi)eans. Kiich of 
 these nationalities carried out its own ideas as to buildiiif^s, etc., with the 
 result that it may be said to be the best and most diversely-built 
 town, from an architectural point of view, in the New World. The tower of 
 the City Hall affords the visitor an extensive view of the town and 
 environs ; the coup (V(vil will favounibly compare with the most vaunted 
 sitfVits of Europe or America. The lakes F.rie, Huron and Superior are best 
 visited from here, as the ste:imboat accommodation is of the very best, and 
 scarcely, if at all, suri)assed by anything' of the kind in the <»ld world. To 
 enumerate all the points of interest on these lakes, is impossible in thomall 
 space at our disposal. 
 
 If the traveller intends to ko further west, the connections of the Grand 
 Trunk Railway (through tickets can be had at Montreal) will brin^,' him 
 (|uickly and comfortably to the now rapidly (rrowinj; ])rovinces of the 
 Canadian North-West, Manitoba, Assiniboina, Saskatchewan, etc., very 
 dear to every sportsman. Winnipeg;, the risinj? capital of these regions, 
 would naturally be taken as the centre, or as a starting' point for the Rocky 
 Mountains, by the Canadian Pacific Railway, and for the Yellow Stone 
 Region, by the Northern Pacific Railway, cid St. I'aul. The settlements, 
 the farms, towns and villajres cannot fail to impress the tourist with the 
 rapid progress this region has made, and will make in the near future. 
 Winnipeg, itself, which has been describe<l move fully (m page 210, was only 
 a tiny hamlet in 1870. It is ncnv a town, estimated to contain over 30,(MX> 
 inhaintants, and is rapidly increasing. 
 
 The traveller intending to return from Chicago, will do well to select 
 another connection of the Canadian Grand Trunk Railway, i.e., the Balti- 
 more and Ohio Wabash route, and stoj) at Rattle Creek, as worthy of a 
 passiagcall. It is one of the most bustling towns in Michigan. Its situa- 
 tion IS beautiful, and the place is rapidly gntwing. It is remarkable for its 
 very equai)le and mild climate. At Detroit, the traveller would once more 
 take the Grand Trunk Railway, and sto]) at the Niagara Falls, described on 
 page 142. Those tourists desirous of returning to Europe by way of New 
 York, should start from here by the Erie Railway, another connection of 
 the Grand Trunk. 
 
 From Niagara to Hamilton, in Ontario, is but a short journey. The 
 town has been dubbed *' The Ambitious," though it is unlikely that it ever 
 will catch up its younger rival, Toronto. Yet it is a busy and rising town, 
 very prettily situated. It has more manufactories than any other town in 
 the'dominion. Many other ])oints of attraction besides those referred to in 
 this brief sketch will be found along the lines of the Gran:l Trunk Railway. 
 The average traveller will probably not care to embrace m:)re in his Canadian 
 tour ; and, moreover, want of sjiace forbids a more detailed account. Most 
 tourists will leave this beautiful country with regret and with a desire to 
 visit it again and again. In the tour sketched above travellers of every 
 variety of taste will find special sources of attraction. The political econmist, 
 the geologist, the artist, sportsman, and the student of life and character, will 
 each and all find occasion to enlarge his circle of knowledge. The curious 
 mixture of two languages will probably shock his pre-conceived notions of 
 euphony. But above all else the invigoration of mind and body conse<pient 
 on such a tour is at once its greatesli charm and the strongest argument in 
 its favour. 
 
 PRO 
 
 • r- 
 
 !AL LIBRART, 
 
 VICTORIA, B. C. 
 
202 
 
 BUADSHAW S CANADA. 
 
 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS. 
 
 '♦' -' 
 
 r 
 
 i J '■ i 
 
 Amherst.— Seat of Cumberland 
 County, Novia Scotia ; popula- 
 lation (1881), 4,000. 
 
 Hotels : Dominion, Lamey's 
 Terrace. 
 
 A pleasantly situated and well 
 Imilt thriving little town on an 
 inlet, Chignecto Bay or Bay of 
 Fundy. It lies exactly half way 
 between St. John and Halifax. 
 It possesses some manufactures, 
 and agricultural and fishing in- 
 terests. There are two Public 
 Halls and a Club. The Ruins 
 of Fort Cumberland and P^ort 
 Lawrence are reached from 
 here. 
 
 Beached from Halifax, by 
 Intercolonial Railway, in six 
 hours. 
 
 Annapolis.— Seat of Annapolis 
 County, Novia Scotia ; popula- 
 tion (1881), about 1,000. 
 
 Hotel : St. i. ouis, City. 
 
 This is the oldest town of the 
 province, and its inhabitants 
 still preserve much of their 
 old French manners. It is 
 pleasantly situated at the head 
 of a basin of the same name. 
 It is much visited in summer 
 for its fine climate. There is 
 good sea and trout fishing in the 
 neighbourhood. The ruins of 
 the old fortifications form the 
 chief attraction for the tourist. 
 
 Reached from Halifax by 
 Windsor and Annapolis Railway, 
 rid Keutville, in 10 hours. 
 
 Basin of Minas.— Bay of 
 Fundy, Novia Scotia. 
 
 Hotels : Summer's at Parrs- 
 boro'. 
 
 This is a bay within the Bay 
 of Fundy, and penetrates about 
 60 miles into Nova Scotia. The 
 shore scenery is very fine, and 
 the bay is interesting for its 
 tremendous tides, which rise 
 sometimes to CO and even 70 
 feet. ParrsV)oro' may be made 
 the centre of many charming 
 excursions. From Parrsboro' 
 across the Bay is the Grand Pre, 
 the scene of Longfellow's "Evan- 
 geline." The picturesque Gas- 
 pereaux Valley may be visited 
 from here, as also from Wolf- 
 ville, opposite. 
 
 Beauharnois. — Chateauguay 
 County, Province of Quebec, on 
 the Beauharnois Canal. 
 
 The favourite picnic resort 
 from Montreal. It is pleasantly 
 situated at the foot of the Cas- 
 cades and Lake St, Louis. 
 
 Belleville.— Seat of Hastings 
 County, Province of Ontario ; 
 population (1881), 10,500. 
 
 Hotels : Thomas House, 
 National, Belleville, Hinckley. 
 
 An important and thriving 
 town, and the seat of the Albert 
 University (Episcopal Metho- 
 dist). It is pleasantly situated 
 on the Bay of Quinte, an inlet 
 
AMHERST—CIIAULOTTETOWN. 
 
 203 
 
 IS. 
 
 . — Bay of 
 
 s at Parrs - 
 
 lin the Bay 
 rates about 
 cotia. The 
 y fine, and 
 ing for its 
 which rise 
 id even 70 
 ly be made 
 y charming 
 Parrsboro' 
 Grand Pre, 
 Dw's "Evan- 
 •esque Gas- 
 T be visited 
 from Wolf- 
 
 'hateauguay 
 Quebec, on 
 lal. 
 
 cnic resort 
 is pleasantly 
 of the Cas- 
 jouis. 
 
 )f Hastings 
 )f Ontario ; 
 ),500. 
 
 IS House, 
 Hinckley. 
 
 ad thriving 
 f the Albert 
 pal Metho- 
 itly situated 
 tti, an inlet 
 
 vl 
 
 of Lalce Ontario. It carries on \ 
 an extensive timber and manu- ; 
 facturing business, and has 
 two lai'ge Halls. 
 
 Reached by Grand Trunk 
 Railway, from Peterboro, via 
 Keene, in four hours. 
 
 Brantford.— Seat of Brandt 
 County ; province of Ontario ; 
 population (1881), 9,000. 
 
 Hotels : Kirby House, Ameri- 
 can, Commercial. 
 
 A small, but thriving manu- 
 facturing and mercantile town, 
 on the Grand River. It has two 
 large Assembly Rooms, but 
 otherwise has little to interest 
 the tourist. 
 
 Reached from Buffalo, by 
 Grand Trunk Railway, via Port 
 Colborne, in 5 hours. 
 
 Brockville.— Leeds County ; 
 province of Ontario ; population 
 (1881), 8,500. 
 
 Hotel li : Revere House. 
 
 An important and very busy 
 town on tlie St. Lawrenoo River. 
 At this point is the torniination 
 of the Thousand Islands Lake ; 
 and the river here forms a broad 
 sheet of two miles in width. 
 Morristown opposite is connected 
 to it by a ferry. It possesses 
 several lar^e halls. 
 
 Reached by Grand Trunk 
 Railway of Canada, from 
 jVIontreal, via Cornwall, in 4^ 
 hours. 
 
 CaCiO ma. — Riviere du Loup 
 County ; province of Quebec ; 
 population (1881), G50 inhabi- 
 tants. 
 
 Hotels : St. Lawrence Hall, 
 Mansion House. 
 
 A pleasant little watering-town 
 on the St. Lawrence, opposite 
 the mouth of the Saguenay 
 
 River, and a favourite summer 
 resort for Canadians. Its climate 
 is bracing and cool in summer, 
 while its scenery is lovely. Lake 
 Temiscouata, close by, is very 
 charming, and a fit place for 
 those who love solitude and trout 
 fishing. The village of Cacouna 
 is very attractive ; in its neigh- 
 bourhood will be found good 
 hunting and fishing. The sea 
 bathing is excellent, the waters 
 of the river at this point contain- 
 ing almost as much saline matter 
 as the sea. Excursions to Cape 
 Rosier and Cape Tourment. 
 
 Reached by the Intercolonial 
 Railway, from Quebec, in 
 10 hours. 
 
 Charlotteto'wn. — Capital of 
 Prince Edwai'd's Island, and seat 
 of Queen's County j population 
 (1881), 11,485. 
 
 Hotels : St. Lawrence, Revere. 
 
 This pleasant and .regularly- 
 built town is situated on the 
 north side of the East River. It 
 is the chief commercial centre, 
 and indeed the only town in the 
 island, and has a good harbour. 
 The streets are broad, well 
 paved, and lighted with gas ; 
 while there are several spacious 
 public buildings. The principal 
 are — the Colonial Building, built 
 of Nova Scotia freestone ; the 
 Provincial Buildings, Post Otfice, 
 and Custom House, Market 
 House and Public Hall, several 
 handsome churches, Prince of 
 Wales College, Government 
 House, liUnatic Asylum at 
 Falcon wood, Victoria Park, 
 Bishoij's Palace, St. Dunstan's 
 College, etc. The principal 
 commercial interests of the town 
 centi'e in the fisliing and ship- 
 building yards. 
 
 Reached by Prince Edward's 
 Island Railway, from Tignish, 
 via Summerside, in 8^ hours. 
 
II 
 
 :.if 
 
 I 
 
 r 
 
 )\ 
 
 if :'!l ' 
 
 ; 
 
 I 
 
 ii i 
 
 
 204 
 
 BRADSHAW S CANADA. 
 
 
 i! >< 
 
 
 Chateau-Richer. — Montmo- ' 
 rency County ; Province of 
 Quebec; 1,200 inhabitants. 
 
 Hotel ti : The Commercial. 
 
 A small but thriving viflage, 
 on the north shore of the St. 
 Lawrence lUver. It is much 
 visited by sportsmen, both for 
 the trout fishing, and tlie duck, 
 partridge and snipe shooting in 
 the vicinity. Close by is St. 
 Anna de Beaupre, noted for its 
 line church. 
 
 Reached from Quebec, by 
 boat, in half -an-hour. 
 
 Chatham. — Seat of Kent 
 County; Province of Ontario; 
 population (1881), 8,000. 
 
 Hotels : Garner, Rankin. 
 
 A very pleasantly-built and 
 rapidly-increasing town on the 
 Thames River. Has some 
 manufactures, but is mostly 
 interested in agriculture. It 
 possesses several very large halls 
 considering the size of the town. 
 Some good sport may be had in 
 the neighbourhood, but there is 
 little to interest the tourist. 
 There is an excellent opening for 
 those wishing to settle as 
 farmers. 
 
 Reached from Detroit, by the 
 Grand Trunk Railway, in 3 
 hours. 
 
 Chicoutimi. — Seat of Chicou- 
 timi county ; Province of 
 Quebec ; population (1882), 700. 
 Hotels: TheChicoutimi House. 
 A thriving town on the 
 SiguenayRiver, much frequented 
 by sportsmen. It lies at the 
 head of the navigation, 20 miles 
 above Ha-Ha Bay. It boasts a 
 cathedral, a convent, and a large 
 stone built college. Near the 
 town are some rapids (50 feet 
 high) on the Chicoutimi River, 
 
 which abounds in fish. Nine 
 miles above the town are the 
 celebrated rapids of the Sague- 
 nay River, which are little in- 
 ferior to the Niagara Rapids 
 and considerably longer. There 
 is good sport to be had in the 
 vicinity of the town. Lake St. 
 John lies CO miles west of Chicou- 
 timi. 
 
 Reached from Quebec, by Lake 
 St. John Railway, vid Chambord, 
 thence by carriage, in three 
 hours. 
 
 Cobonrg.— Seatof Norttiumber- 
 berland County ; Province of 
 Ontario; population (1881), 
 5,000. 
 
 Hotels : Horton, Pauwell, 
 Arlington, Windsor, Albion, 
 North American. 
 
 A i)rosperous little town 
 situated in a pleasant spot on 
 Lake Ontario. It is much 
 engaged in manufactures and 
 mercantile [pursuits and oifers 
 some sport, chielly boating. The 
 town, besides several large halls 
 has little to interest the tourist. 
 
 Reached by Grand Trunk 
 Railway, from Montreal, in 10^ 
 hours. 
 
 Cornwall. — Stormont County ; 
 Province of Ontario ; population 
 (1881), 9,904. 
 
 Hotels : St. Lawrence, Com- 
 mercial, Central, Ottawa, 
 American. 
 
 A pleasantly situated and 
 regularly built town on the 
 north shore of the St. Lawrence, 
 chiefly occupied in manufac- 
 turing stoneware, cotton and 
 woollen goods, &c. It lies 
 exactly opposite the large Indian 
 village of St. Regis. Somewhat 
 lower down the river is the 
 Lake St. Francis, 25 miles long 
 and five miles wide, dotted with 
 
CHATEAU-RICHER — HALIFAX. 
 
 205 
 
 town 
 pot on 
 
 muoli 
 3S and 
 
 offers 
 
 g. The 
 
 ^e halls 
 
 tourist. 
 
 Trunk 
 
 in 10^ 
 
 
 islets. It is also resorted to as 
 a summer station. 
 
 Reached by firand Trunk 
 Railway of Canada, from Mon- 
 treal, in 2;^ hours. 
 
 Predericton. — Seat of York 
 County, and Capital of Province i 
 of New li runs wick ; population 
 (1881), 7,000. I 
 
 Hotels : Barker, Bayley, 
 Queen, Long, Waverley and j 
 Commercial. 
 
 A charming semi-rural town, | 
 situated on the St. John's River. ; 
 It compares to St. John, the j 
 commercial capital, much as j 
 Ottawa does to Quebec. It is ; 
 the seat of an English bishop, '' 
 the Metropolitan of Canada. 
 The new Parliament House, the 
 beautiful cathedral, a fine 
 library, the Town Hall, Post 
 Office, Governor's Palace, Uni- 
 iiersity Museum, Normal School, 
 and several other buildings of 
 minor importance, will interest 
 the visitor. The town contains 
 several large theatrical halls. It 
 is 20 miles distant from St. John, 
 the seaport and commercial 
 centre of New Brunswick. 
 
 Reached by New Brunswick 
 Railway, from St. John, in 
 3^ hours. 
 
 Gait.— Waterloo County, Pro- 
 vince of Ontario ; population 
 (1881), 5,000. 
 Hotels: Central, Queen's. 
 
 A thriving and important rail- 
 way centre, situated on the 
 Speed River. The town has 
 some manufactories, but is im- 
 poi'tant iprincipally as the trading 
 centre for the surrounding agri- 
 cultural and timber districts. It 
 offers little in the shape of 
 buildings to intei'cst tourists. 
 
 Reached by Grand Ti*unk 
 Railway, from Southampton, 
 rid Palmerston in five hours. 
 
 Q-uelph. — Seat of Wellington 
 Countv, Province of Ontario; 
 population fl881), D,890. 
 
 Hotels: Dominion, Queen's, 
 American, Royal, Wellington, 
 Western. 
 
 This town is situated advan- 
 tageously on the Speed River, 
 and has extensive manufactories. 
 It carries on also a very large 
 business in agricultui'al products. 
 It is traversed by three important 
 railway lines. The town is well 
 built and regularly laid out, and 
 is rapidly increasing in import- 
 ance. There are two largo 
 halls used for meetings. 
 
 Reached by Grand Trunk 
 Railway, from Harrisburg, via 
 Gait, in 1^ hours. 
 
 Halifax. — Capital of Nova Scotia 
 and Seat of Halifax County ; 
 population (1881), 3G,100. 
 
 Hotels : Halifax, Waverley, 
 Carlton, International, Royal. 
 
 Biuilicr.s : Nova Scotia Bank. 
 
 Medical 
 Parker. 
 
 Dr. Almon, Dr. 
 
 Ticket and Evrursioyi Aficnts : 
 Thomas Cook & Son, 120, HoUis- 
 streot. 
 
 This beautiful town is situate 
 about midwi?y on the south- 
 eastern coast of the province, 
 on the west side of a deep inlet 
 of the Atlantic, Halifax Har- 
 bour, and on the slopes of a hill 
 some 240 feet high. The bay 
 affords one of the finest har- 
 bours on the Continent of 
 America. The town, when 
 seen from the harbour on the 
 opposite shore, offers a very 
 fine panorama. It is regularly 
 laid out, most of the streets 
 being broad, macadamized, and 
 crossing each other at right 
 angles. At the water's edge 
 the town is lined with wharves, 
 behind which are the ware- 
 
^w 
 
 'ii 
 
 A 
 
 
 
 ■i ■ \ ill i 
 
 r 
 
 .!ii 
 
 2CG 
 
 BBADSHAW S CANADA. 
 
 houses, and then the dwelUnpf- 
 houses and public build- 
 ings. The whole is crowned 
 by the granite bastions of the 
 citadel. 
 
 The Provincial Buildings, a 
 huge stone-built block, 140 feet 
 by 70 feet, and adorned with a 
 colonnade of the ionic order, is a 
 very striking object. It contains 
 chambers for the Council and 
 Legislative Assembly and gene- 
 ral Government offices. Its 
 third storey is occupied by a 
 museum. The Parliament 
 Buildings are on the west, and 
 contain the free library. The 
 Court House, Cathedral of St. 
 Mary, and Government House, 
 the residence of the Ijieutenant- 
 Governor of Nova Scotia, are 
 also interesting ; close by is the 
 residence of the Military Com- 
 mandant. Admiralty House, 
 Dalhousie College, Wellington 
 Barracks, the Lunatic Asylum, 
 the Workhouse, the Military Hos- 
 pital, Prison, Penitentiary, and 
 Academy of Music, are all pro- 
 minent buildings, and merit in- 
 spection. The citadel, a mile in 
 circumference, on the top of the 
 hill, is, after that of Quebec, 
 the strongest in British Noi'th 
 America. The Queen's dock- 
 yards, covering 14 acres, in the 
 northern part of the town, are 
 very fine, and inferior to none 
 out of England. 
 
 The excursions from Halifax 
 are interesting, the nearest being 
 the Bedford Basin, Point 
 Pleasant, a favourite promenade, 
 Dartmouth Lakes, the Basin of 
 Minas, Grand Pre, Yarmouth, 
 Tusket Lakes, Liverpool Lakes, 
 Ponhood and Rossignol Lakes, 
 to Cape Breton and Bras d'or 
 Lakes. 
 
 Reached by Intercc»lonial Rail- 
 way, from St. John, via Truro, 
 in 12 hours. 
 
 Hamilton.— Seat of Went worth 
 County, Province of Ontario ; 
 population (1881), 35,965. 
 
 Hotels: Dominion, American, 
 Royal, St. Nicholas, Lee's, 
 Mansion, Walker. 
 
 Ticket and Excursion Agent.'^ : 
 Thomas Cook & Son, 11, James - 
 street. 
 
 This is one of the most 
 beautiful and prosperous towns 
 in Canada, and, next to Toronto, 
 the largest in the province. It 
 is very charmingly situated at 
 the head of the western ex- 
 tremity of Lake Ontario. It 
 has broad and well-paved streets, 
 crossing each other at right 
 angles, while some are 
 planted with trees. Several 
 important buildings will attract 
 the attention of the tourist. 
 The Opera House is fine, while 
 there are several other large 
 halls in the town. Hamilton i« 
 an important railway centre, and 
 is largely engaged in manufactur- 
 ing. Its chief business, how- 
 ever, is shipping the agricultural 
 produce of the surrounding dis- 
 trict. There are some pretty 
 drives in the neighbourhood, as 
 also extensive excursions. It is 
 equi-dii tant from Niagara and 
 from tVe capital, Toronto. 
 
 Reitched by G reat Western of 
 Canada Railway, from Buffalo, 
 vid Cayuga and Seneca, in 1^ 
 hours. 
 
 Kingston.— Seat of F>-ontenac 
 County; Province of C)ntarioj 
 population (1881), 14,500. 
 
 Hoteh : Albion, City, Windsor, 
 American, Anglo-American. 
 
 Kingston is situated at the 
 eastern extremity of Lake 
 Ontario. In summer, passengers 
 take the steamers here for the 
 Thousand Islands and Rapids of 
 St. Lawrence, which commence 
 
 i 
 
HAMILTON — MONTREAL. 
 
 207 
 
 ; 
 
 entworth 
 Ontario ; 
 
 imerioan, 
 , Lee's, 
 
 I A(|€ntt<: 
 l,JsLmeS' 
 he most 
 us towns 
 
 Toronto, 
 'ince. It 
 uated at 
 tern ex- 
 !;ario. It 
 'd streets, 
 at righ t 
 me are 
 Several 
 
 II attract 
 tourist. 
 
 ne. while 
 ler large 
 imilton is 
 'ntre, and 
 nufactur- 
 ss, liow- 
 ricultural 
 ding dis- 
 le pretty 
 rhood, as 
 IS. It is 
 gara and 
 ito. 
 
 e stern of 
 
 Buffalo, 
 
 ca, in li 
 
 ''•ontenac 
 ( )ntario ; 
 0. 
 
 Windsor, 
 ican. 
 
 at the 
 f Lake 
 issengers 
 ) for the 
 lapids of 
 ommence 
 
 V 
 
 immediately upon leaving Kings- 
 ton. It is a thriving town, with 
 extensive trade and some manu- 
 factures. It is well built and 
 regularly laid out, as all American 
 modern towns ai'e. The town 
 itself has little to interest. 
 
 lieachod by New York Central 
 and Hudson Kiver Railway, from 
 New York, andrj'd Rome, Water- 
 town and Cape Vincent, by 
 Rome, Watertown and Ogdens- 
 burg Railway, in IC hours. 
 
 liOndon. — Seat of Middlesex 
 County ; Province of Ontario ; 
 population aSSl), 19,703. 
 
 Hotels : Grigg, Tecumseh, 
 River, City. 
 
 Ticket and Evcursion Agents : 
 Thomas Cook & Son, 3, Masonic- 
 temple. 
 
 The site of this town was a 
 wilderness as recently as 1820. 
 It is now the centre of a rich 
 agricultural district, and carries 
 on a large manufacturing in- 
 dustry. The houses are hand- 
 som3 and substantial, and the 
 streets broad and well laid out. 
 Holman's Opera House is a line 
 building, and Victoria and the 
 Mechanics' Halls are both 
 capable of seating above 1,200 
 persons. It is pleasantly situated 
 on the River Thames, affording 
 good fishing, and is the centre of 
 five railway lines. There are 
 some excursions in the environs. 
 
 Reached by Grand Trunk of 
 Canada Railway, from Detroit, 
 vi(X Windsor, in 5 hours. 
 
 MontreaL— Seat of Montreal 
 County, Province of Quebec ; 
 population (1881), 140,802. 
 
 H'itels : St. Lawrence Hall, 
 Windsor, Richelieu, American, 
 Albion. 
 
 Conveyances : Tramways on 
 the principal thoroughfares and 
 
 leading to most points ; fare, 
 5 cents. Carriages at the most 
 central points and railway 
 stations and steam boat whai'ves ; 
 fare, one-horse, two persons, 
 25 cents, within city limits, per 
 hour, 75 cents. ; four persons, 
 40 cents, a course, and 1 dol. 
 per hour. Two-horse carriage, 
 one or two persons, 40 cents, 
 courst and 75 cents, per hour ; 
 three or four persons, 50 cents, 
 course, and 1 dol. per hour. 
 Stage coaches to the surrounding 
 villages. 
 
 Theatres oud Amvi^ements : 
 Opera House, with 1,51)0 seats ; 
 Theatre Royal, 1,500 seats; 
 Mechanics' Hall, with' 1,000 
 seats ; and Association, with 
 GOO seats, and several others of 
 minor importance. 
 
 Museiuns : MacGill College, 
 at the foot of Mount Royal, in 
 Sherbrooke-street ; the Museum 
 of the Natural History Society, 
 on University-street. 
 
 Clubs : The St. James, Metro- 
 politan, and City, and several 
 minor sporting clubs. 
 
 Post and Telojraph : In St. 
 James-street, near the Place 
 d'armes. 
 
 Bankers : Molson's Bank. 
 
 Medical: Dr. W. H. Hingston, 
 Dr. R. P. Howard, Dr. G. E. 
 Fen wick. 
 
 Ticket and Evoirsion Agents: 
 Thomas Cook & Sou, 1 and 3, St. 
 James' -street. 
 
 Montreal is the most populous 
 city, and the commercial metro- 
 polis of Canada, and is one of the 
 finest and best-built towns of the 
 American Continent. It stands 
 on the Island of Montreal, at the 
 head of the St. Lawrence Navi- 
 gation proper, a little below its 
 confluence with the Ottawa 
 River, and 540 miles from the 
 Gulf. It commands an exten- 
 
208 
 
 BRADSHAW S CANADA. 
 
 !? •;! 
 
 
 I 
 
 sive and prosperous trade both 
 with Europe and the interior. 
 Mount Royal from which the 
 town is named, rises to about 
 550 feet, and forms an imposing 
 background to the picture. Its 
 river frontage — including the 
 suburbs — extends to about four 
 miles and a-half . For some dis- 
 tance the town stretches inland 
 for from one to two miles. The 
 panorama of the town from the 
 river is very bep-uciful, and as 
 picturesque as any on the 
 American Continent. The quays 
 are built of solid limestone, and 
 extend about two miles along the 
 river, and Lachine Canal. The 
 commercial thoroughfares are 
 McGill, St. James, St. Paul, 
 Notre Dame, and Commissioner 
 streets. The fashionable streets 
 are Great St. James, St. 
 Catherine, and Notre Dame. 
 Sherbrooke and Dorchester 
 streets have the finest private 
 residences. Montreal contains 
 also many fine parks and 
 squares. 
 
 The present site was first 
 visited by Jacques Cartier in 
 1535, under its then name, 
 *• Hochelaga." In 1G42 the first 
 French settlers arrived, and the 
 town was then named Ville 
 Marie. It remained under 
 French rule till 1700, and, 
 though well fortified, was cap- 
 turedby the Americans in 1775. 
 It was retaken the following 
 year by the British forces. At 
 that time its population was 
 7,000. Its trade now is very 
 important, and its annual move- 
 me • t amounts to above 70 million 
 do:.;. Its manufactures are also 
 esico'isive and varied, and include 
 priiicipally all sorts of iron and 
 steel, agricultural and other im- 
 plements ; machinery, steam 
 engines, indiarubber, paper. 
 
 wooUp' 
 &c. 
 
 s, furniture, flour, ropes. 
 
 The finest view of the town is 
 obtained from the river at the 
 foot of Victoria Bridge. This is 
 one of the grandest works of 
 modern times, and forms a very 
 important feature in the Mon- 
 treal landscape. It is tubular 
 in form, resting on 24 piers, and 
 is two miles in length. Its cost 
 was 6,300,000 dols. 
 
 The Cathedral of Notre Dame, 
 on the Place d' Armes, is the 
 next most important object of 
 attraction. With the exception 
 of the Cathedral of Mexico, it is 
 the largest on the American 
 Continent. It is 255 feet long by 
 135 feet wide, and is capable of 
 seating from 10,000 to 12,000 
 persons. It is of Gothic archi- 
 tecture, has six towers, and is 
 built of hewn stone. Two of 
 the towers are 220 feet high, and 
 the view from it is most exten- 
 sive. In one is a chime of bells. 
 But this church will be sui'passed 
 in dimensions by the Cathedral 
 of St. Peter, now in course of 
 construction on Dorchester and 
 Cemetery Streets. This edifice 
 is intended to be on the plan of 
 St. Peter's, in Rome. It will be 
 300 by 225 feet, and be sur- 
 mounted by five domes. Christ 
 Church Cathedral is a very per- 
 fect specimen of Gothic archi- 
 tecture and has a tower 225 feet 
 high. The Bishops, St. Patrick's 
 and Jesuit Churches are also 
 noteworthy. The City Hall is 
 an extensive and splendid edifice. 
 The Court House, McGill Col- 
 lege, Exchange, 13ank of Mon- 
 treal, Pacific! Railway Buildings, 
 Molson's Bank, the Merchants' 
 Bank, Post Office, Albert Build- 
 ings, Bonsecours Market, 
 Custom House, Victoria Skating 
 Rink, Mechanics' Institute, and 
 several other important buildings 
 will require two or three days to 
 visit, and are well worth the 
 time. 
 
MONT RE AL — OTTAWA. 
 
 209 
 
 the town is 
 •iver at the 
 ge. This is 
 it works of 
 orms a very 
 n the Mon- 
 is tubular 
 54 piers, and 
 ;h. Its cost 
 
 J^otre Dame, 
 mes, is the 
 it object of 
 e exception 
 VIexico, it is 
 American 
 feet long by 
 8 capable of 
 to 12,000 
 othic archi- 
 v^ers, and is 
 e. Two of 
 set high, and 
 tnost exten- 
 imeof bells. 
 3e surpassed 
 e Cathedral 
 n course of 
 'Chester and 
 This edifice 
 the plan of 
 !. It will be 
 nd be sur- 
 les. Christ 
 a very per- 
 5thic archi- 
 wer 225 feet 
 5t. Patrick's 
 es are also 
 Jity Hall is 
 ndid edifice. 
 ^cGill Col- 
 nk of Mon- 
 7 Buildings, 
 Merchants* 
 Ibert Build. 
 Market, 
 ►ria Skating 
 stitute, and 
 nt buildings 
 iree days to 
 worth the 
 
 The Seminary of St. Sulpice 
 adjoins Notre Dame Church, and 
 was founded in 1G57, it is sur- 
 rounded by tine gardens and a 
 court-yard. The Hotel Dieu, out- 
 side the town (by Mauve- street) 
 is a vast and imposing editico, 
 while many otiier charitable in- 
 stitutions testify to the benevo- 
 lent character of the inhabitants. 
 There are also several Catholic 
 convents. 
 * The water works, about a mile 
 
 outside the city, are woi*th 
 visiting, for their own sake, and 
 also for the delightful view they 
 ofPord. The old Government 
 House and Nelson Monument in 
 Jacques Cartier Sqnnre are also 
 worth visiting. Th ; Mount 
 Koyal Cemetery, two miJes 
 North of the city, is well laid out 
 and is a pleasant promenade. 
 The drive "Around the Moun- 
 tain" offers the best view 
 of Montreal and environs, nine 
 miles in length, passing through 
 the Mount Koyal Park. The 
 Lachine Road to Lachine Rapids 
 is a favourite promenade and 
 drive. 
 
 Montreal may be taken with 
 advantage as the central point 
 whence to visit the remainder of 
 Eastern British North America. 
 About a month may be spent 
 with advantage in visiting the 
 different places of interest near 
 or at a distance from the 
 town. All of tbeso excursions 
 are of very great interest. 
 
 Reached by New York Central 
 and Hudson River Railway, from 
 New York, via Albany and 
 Rouse's Point in 12 j hours. 
 
 Ottawa. — Capital of the Domin- 
 ion of Canada and seat of Carle- 
 ton County ; population (1881), 
 2r,417. 
 
 Hotels : St. Lawrence, Wind- 
 sor, Russell, Albion, Union. 
 
 Amust'wenf.s : The Gowan 
 Opera House. 
 
 C onve II an CO. a : Tram wa ys 
 through all principal streets and 
 with towns across the river (fare, 
 G cents). 
 
 Po. t and Telegraph Offices : In 
 Government Buildings on Bar- 
 rack Hill. 
 
 Cluh.^: The Union. 
 
 Ihinlcrff : The Ottawa Bank. 
 
 Medical: Dr. Smitli. 
 
 This beautiful town is situated 
 on the Ottawa River, at the con- 
 fluence of the Rideau River. The 
 Rideau Canal divides it into tho 
 Upper and Lower Town. Pro- 
 perly speaking, it lies between 
 two waterfalls, the Rideau and 
 Chaudiere falls. Several bridges 
 cross the canal and others con- 
 nect tbe town with the opposite 
 suburban towns of Hull and New 
 Edinburgh. Wide and regular 
 streets are a characteristic fea- 
 ture of Ottawa. The chief 
 thoroughfares are Sparks, Wel- 
 lington, and Rideau streets ; the 
 former being the popular pro- 
 menade and having the best 
 shops. Originally known as By- 
 town, it was founded in 1827. 
 In 1854 it was first called by its 
 present name, when it was incoi - 
 porated as a city. It became the 
 Dominion Capital in 1858. Since 
 then it has advanced with rapid 
 strides. It is a very active com- 
 mercial centre, and its timber 
 trade espf cially is very important. 
 Its foundries and manufactories 
 of agricultural and other machin- 
 ery are also noteworthy. 
 
 The chief and indeed most 
 attractive object of the town is. 
 ^.he Parliament Buildings. They 
 are situated on Barrack Hill, an 
 eminence 150 feet above the 
 river. They form three 
 sides of a vast quadrangle, 
 and though architecturally 
 
210 
 
 HKADSHAW .S CANADA. 
 
 
 i ' 
 
 Nil 
 
 .■i 
 
 
 1 *a 
 
 "^ in 
 
 II' 
 
 somewhat defective, are yet 
 some of the most extensive and 
 imposini? ranj^os of public build- 
 ings on the American Continent. 
 Their total cost was nearly four 
 ijiillion dollars. The total 
 fronca«ce of all the buildings is 
 1,20(» feet. The south side -the 
 Parliament house proper, or 
 ceutro building — is 475 feet in 
 length by 572 feet in depth, 80 
 feet high with a central tower 180 
 feet. The Eastern front block is 
 ■318 by 253 feet, and the western 
 211 by 277 feet. These are 
 called Departmental Buildings, 
 and contain the various Govern- 
 ment Offices, Patent Offices, 
 Model Room, Post Office, etc. 
 The materials used are Ohio 
 stone and Potsdam sandstone. 
 The pillar.^ and arches in the 
 interior are of marble. The style 
 is the Italian Gothic. The Senate 
 House is on the right on enter- 
 ing under the central tower. 
 The legislative chambers are capa- 
 cious, and richly furnished, and 
 have fine stained glass windows. 
 At one end of the Senate Hall is 
 the vice-regal throne, with its 
 canopy. At the other a picture 
 and marble statue of Queen Vic- 
 toria,and portraits of George III. 
 and Queen Caroline, by Joshuah 
 Reynolds. The Chamber of the 
 Commons is on the left. The 
 library is on the north front and 
 has about 40,000 volumes. From 
 it the view of the Chaudiere falls 
 and whole scenery is very strik- 
 ing. The Inner court or quad- 
 rangle is laid out and planted 
 with trees. 
 
 Across the Rideau River, in 
 New Edinburgh, is Rideau Hall, 
 the official residence of the 
 Governor-General, also a very 
 striking building. The most 
 important church is the Cathe- 
 dral of Notre Dame, built of 
 stone, with two towers about 
 200 feet high. The interior is 
 
 very elaborate, and contains a 
 picture " The flight into Egypt," 
 attributed to Murillo. There 
 are several other ^ interesting 
 churches and extensive convents. 
 The Medical, Normal and Ladies* 
 Colleges are the principal schools 
 and occupy handsome buildings. 
 The University, in Wilbrod- 
 street, is an extensive building. 
 Several large hospitals, asylums, 
 etc., constitute the charitable 
 institutions. Near the town 
 are eight locks on the Rideau 
 Canal, which are worth inspect- 
 ing. The Chaudiere Falls are 
 best seen from the suspension 
 bridge. 
 
 Reached by Grand Trunk and 
 Canada Atlantic Railways, from 
 ^Montreal, rM Coteau and High 
 Falls, in 3^ hours. 
 
 Peterborough.— Seat of Peter- 
 borough County ; Province of 
 Ontario ; population (1881), 
 0,815. 
 
 Hotelfi : Hoffmann, Casey 
 House. 
 
 This small manufacturing 
 community is advantageously 
 situated in the heart of the tim- 
 ber region and on the Otanabec 
 River. Its principal interest 
 centres in timber and agricultural 
 produce, and it merits a visit on 
 that account. The lakes in 
 the vicinity are full of fish and 
 afford excellent sport. 
 
 Reached by Midland of Canada, 
 from Toronto, vid Myrtle and 
 BuUyduff, in 3 hours. 
 
 Quebec. — Capital of Province 
 of Quebec and seat of Quebec 
 County ; population (1881), 
 02,447. 
 
 Hotels : Albion, Russell, St. 
 Louis, Henchey, Mountain Hill, 
 Blanchard's. 
 
 Amusements : Opera House, 
 with 1,500 seats. During winter 
 
 I ^iM' 
 
PKTKKnOROrciI — QUEBEC. 
 
 211 
 
 Casey 
 
 there are operas every mVht ; 
 Victoria Hull, Qaeboc ]\tusie 
 llail, Masonic Hall. 
 
 Modes of Conveijanre : Tram- 
 ways (fare, 5 cents) ; Cal('cbes, 
 per hour, 75 cents. Ferries to 
 the opposite shore. Ordinary 
 carriages at the stands and 
 hotels. 
 
 Post and Tcleffraph Office : 
 Corner of Buade and Du Fort 
 streets. 
 
 C/»6s : The Literary and 
 Historical Society; the Goo- 
 graphical ; several sporting clubs, 
 amongst which are the 
 " Toboggan " and " Snowshoe 
 Clubs." 
 
 Bankers : The Montreal Bank. 
 
 Hfedical 
 Gibson. 
 
 Dr. Parks, Dr. 
 
 Ticl-ef and Excursion A'lcvts: 
 Thomas Cook & Son, 32, St. 
 Louis-street. 
 
 Quebec, the ancient Capital of 
 Canada, is the oldest, and, after 
 Montreal, the most important 
 city in British North America. It 
 is found by many to be lalso the 
 most attractive in the Dominion. 
 Though over 250 years old, it 
 looks as bright and fresh as 
 though just finished. It is 
 situated on the north-west shore 
 of the St. Lawrence River, 180 
 miles below Montreal and about 
 350 miles from the mouth of the 
 river. The town gives the im- 
 pression as though a fragment 
 of the Old World were trans- 
 ferred to the New, and carefully 
 hidden away in this remote 
 corner for safe keeping. It 
 stands on the extremity of an 
 elevated, narrow strip of land, 
 forming the left bank of the 
 river. The citadel, 330 feet 
 above the town, crowns Cape 
 Diamond, and with its vast 
 bastions and other fortifications 
 covers over forty acres of ground. 
 Owing to the strength of these 
 
 defences and the steepness of the 
 hill, Quebec has been called 
 the "Gibraltar of America." 
 Whether seen from below, or 
 when ascending the river, or 
 from the railway station or 
 steamer landing, the view of the 
 town and citadel are equally 
 novel and impressive. The 
 upper and lower town appear 
 altogether separate and distinct 
 parts. The former crowns the 
 lofty promontory of Cape Dia- 
 mond, with its fashionable 
 residences ; the latter has its 
 wharves and bvisincss quarters, 
 etc., and extends along the nar- 
 row strip of land at the base of 
 the cliffs. The view . from 
 DufFerin and Durham terraces, 
 and indeed from any of the ram- 
 parts, is one to be studied with 
 an artist's eye, and not forgotten. 
 The new castellated gates in 
 the wall surrounding the upper 
 town are worthy of note. That 
 portion of the town within is 
 the most ancient, and is very 
 quaint and mediaeval. 
 
 The site of the town was first 
 visited in 1535, by Jacques 
 Cartier, and the foundation 
 laid by Samuel de Champlain, in 
 1008. This was on the site of 
 the Indian village of " Stadi- 
 oona," at the confluence of the 
 St. Lawrence and St. Charles 
 rivers. Its form is now triangu- 
 lar. From 1G29 till 1G32, it was 
 held by the English, and in 
 September, 1759, it became an 
 English colony. In the treaty 
 of 17C3, it was definitely made 
 over to England. Until 1859 it 
 was the capital. The maritime 
 commerce of the city is very large, 
 especially its timber trade. Ships 
 are built in large numbers, and 
 its manufactures embrace al- 
 most every article of daily neces- 
 sity. 
 
 After the citadel, terraces, 
 and ramparts, the Basilica, or 
 
212 
 
 IIRADSHAW S CANADA. 
 
 
 I! 
 
 n *: 
 
 i':^ 
 
 m 
 
 ' ;iilt 
 
 III' 
 
 llomin Catholic Church of the 
 Immaculate Conception attracts 
 the most attention. It is situ- 
 ated on the eastern side of 
 Market square, was built in 
 V)CS, and destroyed by Wolfe's 
 Irattories in 1759. It was, how- 
 over, soon afterwards re-built. 
 Its exterior shews nothing of ex- 
 traordinary merit, being quaint 
 iind irregular, but the interior 
 is very elaborate. It can 
 seat 4,000 people. The high 
 iiltar is very richly adorned, and 
 ii choir of boys from the semi- 
 nary sings very beautifully. 
 Several valuable paintings adorn 
 the interior, by Van Dyke, Car- 
 iMcci, Maratti, Halle, Vignon, 
 <3tc. Champlain, the founder, 
 and firjt Grovernor of the city, is 
 buried here. Next to the cathe- 
 dral are the large buildings of 
 the seminary, in extensive 
 grounds, founded by Bishop 
 <le M atmorency Laval, in 1GG3. 
 It is frequented by upwards of 
 400 boys. Its chapel has also 
 some original paintings. The 
 Laval University adjoining it is 
 an offshoot of the seminary, and 
 was founded in 1852. The 
 archaeological, zoological, and 
 other collections will prove very 
 interesting. The Library cou- 
 tains over 80,000 volumes, and 
 the Picture Gallery is the finest 
 in Canada. The Jesuit College 
 Buildings were on another side 
 of Market Square, and Morrin 
 College occupies the site of the 
 old stone prison, on the corner 
 of St. Anne and Stanislas 
 streets. 
 
 The Anglican Cathedral is a 
 large plain building, and con- 
 tains the remains of the Duke 
 of Richmond, Lennox, and 
 D' Aubigny (died 1819) ,Governor- 
 Oeneral of Canada. Dufferin 
 Terrace, opened to the public by 
 the Marquis of Lome, in 18/9, 
 the Esplanade, Grand Battery, 
 
 Place d'Armes, and Citadel, are 
 all favourite promenades of the 
 citizens of Quebec 
 
 The Black Nunnery, the Grey 
 Nunnery, the Ursuline Convent, 
 and the Hotel Dieu, are all 
 richly endowed charitable insti- 
 tutions. The Ursuline Convent 
 is very ricli, and the chapel has 
 also some original paintings. 
 St. John's Koman Catholic 
 church is being rebuilt in St. 
 John-street. 
 
 The Parliament and Depart- 
 mental Buildings, now in course 
 of erection, on Grande Allee, 
 were commenced in 1878. Par- 
 liament House, on Mountain- 
 street, was destroyed by iire in 
 1883, and part of its valuable 
 library was burned. In the 
 Upper Town, in St. Louis-street, 
 are also the Quebec Music Hall, 
 the Masonic Hall, and City 
 Hall, all worthy of visiting. A 
 new court-house is also being 
 built. Several other churches 
 will also attract the tourist, but 
 none of them are of sufficient 
 importance to call for special 
 mention. 
 
 The street, leading down from 
 the upper into the lower town, 
 called Cote de la Montague, is 
 very interesting. Part of it is 
 almost like steps, and is called 
 "Champlain Steps." It leads 
 to the Notre Dame des Yic- 
 toires Church, built in 1690, on 
 the site of Champlain' s resi- 
 dence. Champlain market, a 
 large building near the river 
 bank, is worth inspection. St. 
 Paul-street contains large ware- 
 houses, breweries, distilleries, 
 manufactories, etc. St. Peter's- 
 street contains the principal 
 banks, shipping houses, and 
 wholesale stores. The Custom 
 House, on the point formed by 
 the confluence of the St. 
 Charles with the St. Lawrence 
 River, is a noble Doric building. 
 
QUI'HEC — ST. CATIIERINK S. 
 
 213 
 
 and the Marino Hospital is also 
 an imposing stone edifico. Tho 
 Marine and Emigrants' Hospital 
 and the General Hospital are 
 both huge buildings, and are 
 close by. The Plains of Abra- 
 ham are best reached by St. 
 Louis-street, passing St. Louis- 
 gate and the Martello Towers. 
 Wolfe's monument marks the 
 tpot where he fell in the battle 
 of 1759. Mount Uennon Ceme- 
 tery, 32 acres in extent, is about 
 three miles out of the town by 
 the St. Louis-road. 
 
 The excursions from Quebec 
 are very varied, and exceedingly 
 picturesque and interesting. The 
 Isle of Orleans is the nearest, 
 and the drive round it is very 
 charming. Drives to Chateau 
 Bigot and Spencer Wood and 
 Lorette, the ancient Huron 
 Indian village, will well repay 
 the time spent. The inhabit- 
 ants of the latter are a quiet 
 and sober people, with pre- 
 dominating Indian blood, though 
 not pure. The men hunt and 
 iish, and the women do bead 
 work, mocassins, etc., and the 
 boys earn pence by archery. 
 
 The Lorette water falls, near 
 the village, are also very pretty, 
 a few miles farther inland 
 Beauport and St. Charles 
 Lakes. The latter, four miles 
 long, is famed for red trout and 
 remarkable echoes. The Mont- 
 morency Falls, eight miles below 
 Quebec, are 250 feet high by fifty 
 feet wide, " a solid and compact 
 mass of water, plunging without 
 break, over a precipice." Near 
 the falls is the " Haldimand 
 House," occupied in 1791, by 
 the Duke of Kent, Queen Vic- 
 toria's father. The natural steps 
 are about one mile above the 
 falls. The Chaudiere Falls, on 
 the opposite shore, reached by 
 Point Levi, are about 350 feet 
 in width and fall from a height 
 
 and 
 are 
 
 of 150 feet. They present a 
 the base the appearance of boil- 
 ing wattn*, whence the name, 
 *' The Caldron "—French, Chau- 
 diore. A trip to Sanguenay 
 Biver and Lake St. John will 
 also be found interesting. 
 
 Iteached by New York Cen- 
 tral and Hudson lliver llailway, 
 from New York, ri'-ll, Montreal, in 
 IS^i hours. 
 
 Rimouski.— Seat of ]liniouski 
 County ; Province of Quebec ; 
 l)oi)ulation (1881), 1,417. 
 Hotels : The llimouski. 
 
 A small town at which the 
 tourist should not fail to stop, 
 "^i'lie scenery of the valley of 
 the llimouski is extremely beau- 
 tiful, and the trout fishing in 
 the brook is unrivalled. The 
 town is also interesting. The 
 Government Wharf is very ex- 
 tensive, and there is a Cathredal 
 and some good houses. Twenty 
 miles below, at IMetis, is the 
 largest wharf. 
 
 Beached by Inter-Colonial 
 Bailway, from Quebec, riil 
 Biviere du Loup, in 3.V hours. 
 
 St. Catherine's. — Lincoln 
 County ; Province of Ontario ; 
 population (1881), 14,500. 
 
 Hotels : Murray, Spring Bank, 
 Cairns, Stephenson, Welland. 
 
 Tourist and Excursion 
 Agents: Thomas Cook & Sou, 
 12 and 14, St. Paul's-street. 
 
 This pleasant town, situated 
 on the Welland Canal is prin- 
 cipally noted for its mineral 
 springs, which are much fre- 
 quented. The scenery around 
 is attractive and the commercial 
 pursuits of the community em- 
 brace shipbuilding, manufactur- 
 ing and agriculture. The Town 
 Hall is large, and the Opera 
 House can seat 800 visitors. 
 
T 
 
 2U 
 
 URADSIIAW S CANADA. 
 
 
 1 t 
 
 *i f 
 
 ml 'f 
 
 in 
 
 Tlioro is little of interest to the 
 tourist. 
 
 Ileiichotl by New York Cen- 
 tral and Hudson River lliiilroad, 
 from New York, viiX iiuffalo, in 
 2G hours. 
 
 St. John.— Seat of St. John 
 County, New Brunswick ; popu- 
 lation (1881), 35,128. 
 
 Hotels : Park, Wavorley, Duf- 
 ferin. New Victoria, lioyal. 
 Revere, International, Globe. 
 
 Font and Tcleriraph Ofjice ; 
 Prince William-street. 
 
 Bankers: Montreal Bank. 
 
 Medical: Dr. Bayard, Dr. 
 Inches. 
 
 Ticket and Excursion Agents : 
 Thomas Cook & Son, 97, Prince 
 William-street. 
 
 Enthusiasts have styled the 
 city the "Liverpool of British 
 America," and in martimo 
 activity and position it well 
 deserves the name. Its situation 
 iipon a rocky, almost insular 
 eminence, in the mouth of the 
 St. John River, and its harbour 
 protected by the forelying 
 Partridge Island, is extremely 
 picturesque. For municipal and 
 electoral purposes the adjoining 
 townships of Carleton and Port- 
 land are embraced in St. John, 
 and the whole population of all 
 three exceeds 50,000. It is the 
 principal city of New Bruns- 
 wick, and its commercial, though 
 not political, capital. The dif- 
 ference between high and low 
 w^ater at the mouth of the river 
 is 26 feet, and at high water the 
 level of the harbour is live feet 
 above that of the river, while at 
 low water the river is 12 feet 
 above the level of the harbour. 
 The river, called by the Indians 
 Looshtook, or Long River, is 
 
 navigable for a dietance of 800 
 miles for steamboats ; and 
 for another 1 ,000 miles for boats 
 and canoes. Approached })y sea, 
 the city presents a very imposing 
 picture. It has repeatedly suf- 
 fered from great tires, the last 
 occurring in 1877, the traces of 
 which may still be seen. King- 
 street, the Broadway of St. 
 John, extends from the river on 
 the west, to Courtenay Bay on 
 the east. Market slip and 
 square, and the wharves nearby, 
 form the commercial centre of 
 the town. The smells here are 
 eminently suggestive of cod fish 
 and molasses, the principal 
 staples of St. John's import and 
 export trade. Before the lire of 
 1877, there were many fine 
 buildings, some of which have 
 since been rebuilt. Among them 
 are the Post Office, Custom 
 House, and Masonic Hall. The 
 trees in King-square wei'o 
 planted in 1860, during a visit of 
 the Prince of Wales. Other 
 buildings of note are : Peniten- 
 tiary, Wiggin's Orphan Asylum, 
 Academy of Music. From the 
 end of King-street, Courtenay 
 Bay and Portland Heights may 
 be seen to advantage. The 
 walks and drives around St. John 
 are those to the Rural Cemetery, 
 110 acres in extent ; to the Falls, 
 Indiantown, Point Pleasant, 
 Spruce Lake, Fairville. The 
 Moose Path Park, and Lawlor's 
 Lake are favourite promenades. 
 Lily Lake, Rothesay, Loch 
 Lomond, Suspension Bridge, 
 Marsh-road, and Mahogany- 
 road. All the lakes near the 
 town are full cf fish, and ex- 
 cellent sport can be had, 
 especially in Tracey's and 
 Mount Theobald. 
 
 Reached by Inter-Colonial and 
 New Brunswick Railway, from 
 Riviere du Loup, -ui'd Frederic- 
 ton, in 7 hours. 
 
ST. JOHN' — TORONTO. 
 
 215 
 
 ice of 800 
 its ; and 
 I for boats 
 led by sea, 
 ■ impoainj? 
 tedly 8uf- 
 , tbo last 
 } traces of 
 n. King- 
 y of St. 
 e river on 
 ly Bay on 
 slip and 
 s nearby, 
 centre of 
 
 here aro 
 f cod fish 
 
 principal 
 iport and 
 ;he fire of 
 lany fine 
 lich have 
 ong them 
 
 Custom 
 
 all. The 
 
 •e were 
 
 a visit of 
 
 I. Other 
 
 Peniten- 
 Asylum, 
 I'rom the 
 ourtenay 
 fhts may 
 
 . The 
 
 St. John 
 emetery, 
 he Falls, 
 
 leasant, 
 
 e. The 
 
 Lawlor's 
 
 nenades. 
 
 Loch 
 
 Bridge, 
 ihogany- 
 lear the 
 and ex- 
 e had, 
 's and 
 
 »nial and 
 ly, from 
 ^rederic- 
 
 St. Thomas.— Seat of Elgin 
 County; province of Ontario; 
 population (1881), 8,3G7. 
 
 Hoteln : Commercial, Queen's 
 irutchison's, Lisgar, l*en warden, 
 Willcox. 
 
 A mutiements : Opera House. 
 
 This thriving community is 
 situated in the heart of a very 
 fertile agricultural district. It 
 is a great railway centre, has a 
 good future, and is now already 
 largely engaged in manufactures. 
 The Town and City Halls are 
 prominent buildings, Ijut other- 
 wise there is littio to interest 
 tourists. 
 
 Keached by the Grand Trunk 
 Railwi./, iiom Niagara Falls, rid 
 Welland and Pt. Dover, in G 
 hours. 
 
 Tadousac— Seat of Saguenay 
 County ; Province of Quebec ; 
 population (1881), 1,800. 
 
 Hotels : Tadousac. 
 
 A summer sea bathing place, 
 much in vogue with Canadians. 
 It is pleasantly situated on the 
 mouth of the Saguenay River, 143 
 miles from Quebec, and is so far 
 specially interesting as the spot 
 on which stood the first stone 
 building erected by Europeans 
 on the American Continent. 
 The scenery is very wild and 
 romantic . Sal inon and trout are 
 found in abundance, and in ex- 
 cellent quality in the adjacent 
 waters. The old buildings of 
 the Hudson Bay Co. are still 
 visible, as is also a small chapel 
 ei-ected by the Jesuit Fathers in 
 1746. 
 
 Reached bv steamer from 
 Quebec or Riviere du Loup, in 6 
 hours from the former. 
 
 Three Rivers.— Seat of Maurice 
 County; Province of Quebec; 
 population (1881), 9,000. 
 
 Ifotels : St. James. 
 
 The third largt»8t town in the 
 eastern section of the province, 
 advantageously situated iit the 
 mouth of the St. Maurice River 
 on the St. Lawrence. The 
 principal commerce is in lumber, 
 timber, and maimfactured wood. 
 There are several fine buildings. 
 The St. Leon Springs (the most 
 famous in Canada) are at a djiy's 
 distance by diligence, and the 
 Falls of Shawanegan are worth 
 visiting. They are said to be 
 only second to Niagara, the 
 waters falling 150 feet in one 
 unbroken njass. 
 
 Reached })y North Shore Rail- 
 way, from Montreal or Qaol)ec, 
 in 3 hours. 
 
 Toronto.— Capital of Province 
 of Oiitario ; seat of York County ; 
 population (1881), 80,415, with 
 suburbs above 110,000. 
 
 Hotels : Queen's, American, 
 Rossin, Walker, Mansion, Re- 
 vere. 
 
 Amuxements : Grand Opera 
 House, Royal Opera House, Hor- 
 ticultural Pavilion, Shaftesbury 
 Hall, St. Lawrence Hall. 
 
 Conveya^ices : Tramways (fare, 
 5 cents), through all the principal 
 streets ; carriages and omnibuses 
 at railway station and landing- 
 stages. 
 
 Clubs : The Union, Masonic. 
 
 Post and Telejraph Office : 
 At the head of Toronto-street. 
 Ba ulcers : Bank of Toronto. 
 
 Medical : Dr. J. Brown, Dr. 
 MacKenzie. 
 
 Ticket and Excursion Argents : 
 Thomas Cook & Son, 35, Yonge- 
 street. 
 
 This, the chief city of Upper 
 Canada, and, next to Montreal, 
 the largest in the Dominion, is 
 situated on the north-west shore 
 of Lake Ontario in a beautiful 
 
216 
 
 BRADSHAW S CANADA. 
 
 i 
 
 W 
 
 i II 
 
 
 f' 
 
 bay formed hy the Don and 
 Humber rivers. The harbour 
 is safe, and protected by a sand- 
 bar seven miles long. The 
 site is low and the ground 
 rises very gradually from the 
 water's edge. It was founded in 
 175^4 and called York, which 
 name was changed in 1833 to the 
 present one. It is the commercial 
 centre and capital of Ontario. 
 Having been at one time the 
 capital of the Dominion, it 
 has many attractions for the 
 pleasure seeker and tourist. Its 
 streets are broad, well paved and 
 laid out regularly. The principal 
 public and private dwellings are 
 substantiaUy built and pleasant 
 villas abound in the environs. Its 
 chief commerce is grain, but its 
 manufactures are also very im- 
 portant. 
 
 Its leading thoroughfares are 
 King, Queen and Youge-streebs. 
 The most important building is 
 the University, in a large park, 
 approached by College Avenue, 
 which is over half a mile long, 
 lined by a double row of trees. 
 The buildings form an admirable 
 specimen of old Norman archi- 
 tecture. It contains also a 
 Museum of Natural History and 
 a Library of over 20,000 volumos. 
 Toronto has 75 churches, capable 
 of seating 50,000 people. The 
 best view of the town and suburbs, 
 as also the environs, is obtained 
 from the tower of St. James 
 Cathedral, in King-street. Knox 
 College (Gothic) is also in College 
 Avenue. Adjoining the Uni- 
 versity grounds is Queen's Park, 
 covering over 50 acres, well laid 
 out, and the favourite promenade 
 of ^he inhabitants. Osgoode 
 Hah, in Queen-street, contains 
 the Liw Courts and Library,and 
 is a large building in the Ionic 
 style of architecture. The 
 Wesl} an Methodist church is said 
 
 to be the finest in Canada (of 
 Methodist churches) in McCill- 
 street. The Cathedral of St. 
 Michael, in Gothic style, on 
 Church-street, Trinity, St. 
 George's, and St. Andrew's are 
 all worth inspecting. 
 
 The Court House is in Church- 
 ttreet; the Custom Hoase in 
 Front-streft, as also the City 
 Hall ; St. Lawrence Market also 
 in Front-street, and the Post 
 Office in Toronto-street. The St. 
 Lawrence Hall, Masonic Hall, 
 Young Men's Cliristian A.8socia- 
 tion (with largest hall in the 
 town), the Grand Opera House 
 and Royal Opera House are all 
 buildings of imposing character. 
 
 The chief educational establish- 
 mentsjbesides the University,are: 
 Trinity College, College of Tech- 
 nology, Model Schools, Normal 
 School and Ed ucationalMuseim, 
 Upper Canadian College, all 
 occupying fine buildings. The 
 Naval school is a Palatial 
 structure. The Crystal Palace 
 exhibition building, the Pro- 
 vincial Lunatic Asylum, and the 
 General Hospital are the prin- 
 cipal charitable institutions. 
 The Loretto Abbey, in Welling- 
 ton-place, is the principal con- 
 vent, another being that of the 
 Most Precious Blood. 
 
 Hanlan's Island, with Han- 
 lan's Hotel — built Ijy the cham- 
 pion of many rowing matches — 
 should be visited. It is the great 
 recreation resort of the inhabit- 
 ants of Toronto in summer. 
 
 Reached by the Grand Trunk 
 of Canada Railway, from Mon- 
 treal, vid Kingston, Cobourg 
 and Port Hope, in 12 hours. 
 
 Winnipeg. — Capital of Mani- 
 toba and Seat of Selkirk 
 County; population (1881), 
 7,986. : 
 
nada (of 
 
 McCiU. 
 
 il of St. 
 
 tyle, on 
 
 by, St. 
 rew's are 
 
 I Church- 
 Lloase in 
 the City 
 irket also 
 the Post 
 , The St. 
 aic Hall, 
 I A.880cia- 
 
 I in the 
 ra House 
 e are all 
 haracter. 
 Bstablish- 
 !rsity,are: 
 ! otyiech- 
 , Normal 
 Museini, 
 lege, all 
 p. The 
 
 Palatial 
 
 II Palace 
 he Pro- 
 , and the 
 :he prin- 
 bitutions. 
 Welling- 
 ipal con- 
 at of the 
 
 th Han- 
 le cham- 
 latches — 
 the great 
 inhabit- 
 ler. 
 
 d Trunk 
 301 Mon- 
 Cobourg 
 )urs. 
 
 )f Mani- 
 Selkirk 
 (1881). 
 
 WINXIPK(J — YARMOUTH. 
 
 217 
 
 Hofeh: The Pacific, the 
 Queen's, Royal, American. 
 
 Conveyances: Tramways. 
 
 Vodal and Telegraph Office: 
 In Main street. 
 
 Cluhs : Manitoba, Selkirk, 
 the Eifle Association. 
 Bankein : The Union Bank. 
 
 This most rapidly 
 and prosperous town 
 in 
 In 
 
 increasing 
 
 had only 
 1870 about 300 inhabitants. 
 1881, according to official 
 census, 7,080, and to-day — 1880 
 —about 20,000. The territory 
 was only transferred in 1870 by 
 the Hudson Bay Company to the 
 Dominion Government. It then 
 had but one street, and in build- 
 ings only those of the Company. 
 To-day it is a well-laid-out and 
 handsome town, v'th wide 
 streets. Its trade is very im- 
 portant and the recent com- 
 pletion of the Canadian Pacific 
 Railway will give it still greater 
 importance. It is situated near 
 Fort Garry, at the confluence of 
 the Red and the Assiniboine 
 Rivers. It covers about three 
 square miles. Sixteen acres 
 have been set aside for public 
 Parks. The streets are lined 
 with shady trees. It is divided 
 into four wards, there being ia 
 each a school. 
 
 The chief public buildings arc • 
 the Post Office, City Hall, the 
 Governor's House, Court House, 
 Custom House, the Ontario 
 Bank Buildings, Merchants' 
 Bank Buildings, Hudson's Bay 
 Company's ()ffice. Dominion 
 Land Office, and other extensive 
 buildings, mostly built of white 
 brick. It is the head-quarters 
 of the (jovernment officials for 
 th3 North-West Territories, and 
 of the Hudson's Bay Company. 
 
 Opposite, on the East Bank, is 
 St. Boniface, the Northern 
 Terminus of the Pembina 
 Branch of the Canadian Pacific 
 liailway. There is also a fine 
 Park, w ith good driving roads. 
 
 Reached by St. Paul, 
 IMinnesota and Manitoba 
 Railway, from Chicago, vi<X 
 Milwaukee, St. Paul, Fargo and 
 St. Vincent, in 42 hours. 
 
 Woodstock.— Seat of Oxford 
 County ; Province of Ontario ; 
 population (1881), 5,373. 
 
 HoteU : Royal, Bishop's, Com- 
 mercial, Carster. 
 
 An agricultural centre- of 
 some importance, being the 
 converging point of six railway 
 lines. There is little to interest 
 the tourist, except the farms 
 in the environs, which are very 
 fine. 
 
 Reached by Great Western of 
 Canada, from Detroit, in 5 hours. 
 
 Yarmouth.— Seat of Yarmouth 
 County ; Province of Nova 
 Scotia ; population (1881), 0,280. 
 
 Hotels : American, United 
 States. 
 
 A thriving seaport, on the 
 South-West Coast of Nova 
 Scotia. The coast is very pic- 
 turesque around the town, 
 which is also much resorted to 
 in summer on account of sea- 
 bathing. 
 
 The Tusket Lakes and Liver- 
 pool Lakes are favourite points 
 of excursions. 
 
 Reached by steamer, from St, 
 John, in hours. 
 
t II 
 
 1 11 
 
 i 
 
 J. 
 
MEXICAN REPUBLIC. 
 
 AREA AND EXTENT. 
 The territory of the Mexican 
 Eepublic is situated between the 
 15th and 32nd degrees of North 
 lacitude, and the 87th and 117th 
 nu. ■ ^'.ans of West longitude. It 
 is 1; uaded on the north by the 
 Luited States, on the south by the 
 Kepublic of Guatemala, on the 
 oast by the Gulf of Mexico, and on 
 the '.vest by the Pacific Ocean. Its 
 superficial area is, according to the 
 Almanach de Gotha, 1,945,725 
 square kilometers, or 743,948 
 square English miles (including the 
 Tres Marias Islands). Mexico is 
 divided into 28 States and one 
 federal district (capital). The prin- 
 cipal rivers arc : The Kio Grande 
 del Norte, the Grijalva, the Usu- 
 masinta, *li: Yaqui, the Fuerte, 
 the Bake- tl.e Mezquital, the 
 Coatzacc i- " t e Sonora, the Rio 
 Grande de Santiago orLerma, and 
 Lojas. The di i.ace of the water- 
 shed from the Pacific Ocean is re- 
 markable. The country, though 
 mainly consisting ( ! high table 
 land, is, in its lowest portions — i.e., 
 along the coast — tropical and sub- 
 tropical. The temperate zone ex- 
 tends t- an elevation of about 7,200 
 f L^et al) \ ; the sea level. The cold re- 
 gions c'vfx nercQ above that height. 
 Approxiiiiateiy, one-half of the area 
 of Mexico lies within the cold zone. 
 The topographical features of the 
 
 rv 
 
 country are mainly formed by the 
 Cordillera of South America, 
 called in Mexico the Sierra Madre. 
 This mountain-chain runs from the 
 Isthmus of Tehuantepec in a north- 
 westerly direction, and divides at 
 about the parallel of 21 degs. north 
 into three ranges. To tliis point the 
 elevation is moderate, although 
 single mountains may be found 
 rising to 17,000 feet above the sea 
 level, the r oan being about 9,000 
 feet. From latitude 21 degs. N., 
 one range runs eastwards along 
 the coast to Saltillo and Monterey ; 
 a central one through Durango and 
 Chihuahua, and a western through 
 Jalisco and Sinaloa. They de- 
 crease in height as they pass 
 towards the north. The highest 
 mountains are the Popocatepetl 
 and Orizaba, about 17,500 feet. 
 Lakes appear on the Mexican 
 plateau, chiefly as extensive and 
 shallow lagoons, and the largest 
 are in the vicinity of the capital ; 
 and there is also one of consider- 
 able size near Termiuos, on the 
 Gulf of Campeche. The Flora 
 and Fauna of Mexico is very varied; 
 whilst the mineral resources of the 
 country — known and worked in the 
 times of the Aztecs — ai'e peculiarly 
 rich in the precious metals. The 
 absence of good harbours or navig- 
 able rivers makes the coasts and 
 country somewhat diflicult of access. 
 
f 
 
 220 
 
 liKADSHAW S MEXICO. 
 
 HISTORY. 
 
 i 
 
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 The early history of ]\[exico is 
 still involved in much obscurity; 
 and, indeed, is chielly lej^endary. 
 According to the best authorities, 
 the country was peopled by the 
 Toltecs in the seventh century of 
 o"r era ; the Chichiinecs and the 
 Nahualtecs in the twelfth, and by 
 the Aztecs in the thirteenth. The 
 first Spanish adventurers discover- 
 ed the country in 1517 (Cordova 
 landing in Yucatan) . Cortes landed 
 in Vera Cruz in May, 1519, and in 
 November of the same year entered 
 the capital. The last Aztec em- 
 peror, Montezuma, died in V^\). 
 and in 1535 the rule of the Span, t 
 Viceroys began. In 1540 the 
 country received the name of New- 
 Spain. In 1810 the first revolution 
 against the Spanish Government 
 took place, and in 1821 General 
 Iturbide rebelled and entered the 
 Capital at the head of his army, 
 and was declared emperor in 1822. 
 There had been in all, sixty-four 
 Viceroys under the Spanish rule 
 during the 286 years. The first and 
 only one of American birth Wc.s 
 Antonio de Mendoza (Don Juan de 
 Acu"a, born in Peru, between 1722 
 to 1734). Juan O'Donoju, of Irish 
 extraction, was the last. In 1822 
 the Republic was declared at Vera 
 Cruz, and in 1823 (March 2(5) Itur- 
 bide was compelled to abdicate. 
 The country received its first con- 
 stitution as a Republic on October 
 4th, 1824. In 1863, Archduke 
 Maximilian accepted the crown con- 
 ditionally, and in 1864 definitely, 
 from the Mexican Delegation at 
 Miramar, and was proclaimed Em- 
 peror. He entered the Capital, 
 accompanied by the Empress, on 
 the 12th June, 1864, and adopted 
 Augustus Iturbide as his heir in 
 September same year. In June, 
 1867, Maximilian was executed at 
 Queretaro, and Juarez elected 
 President for a third time. The 
 
 actual President— General Porfirio 
 Diaz— is the 25th President since 
 the formation of the Republic. 
 
 GOVERNMENT. 
 
 The Government of Mexico is 
 modelled on that of the United 
 States. The independence was 
 proclaimed on the 16th September, 
 1810 ; its constitution enacted on 
 the 5th February, 185". The Su- 
 premo Power of the State is vested 
 in throe independent bodies : (I) 
 the Legislative Council (Congress); 
 (2) the Presidents or executive ; 
 and (3) Justice (Supreme Coui't, 
 &c.) The Federal Capital is Mex- 
 •'eo, forming in itself one of the 
 'ederal States. The President (at 
 his date, General Porfirio Diaz, 
 elected 16th July, 1884) is chosen 
 every four years. His term of oifice 
 commences at noon on the 1st of 
 December. The Congress is com- 
 posed of two chambers, i.e., the 
 Senate and Chamber of Deputies. 
 The Senators, in number fifty-six, 
 are elected for four yeirs, and each 
 Federal State, as also the Capital, 
 sends two Senators. The deputies, 
 amounting to 227, are elected by 
 the people of the various States 
 for two years, and are eligible for 
 re-election. Both chambers meet 
 at least once a year, and each 
 elects by ballot its respective 
 President each month. The mem- 
 bers of the Supreme Court of 
 Judicature are also elected by the 
 people for a period of six years. 
 Tlie Church is completely separ- 
 ate from the State and conse- 
 quently, there are no ecclesiastical 
 authorities" subordinate to the 
 Government. There are three 
 archiepiscopal seats : Mexico, 
 Morelia, and Guadalaxara. 
 
 POPULATION. 
 
 The latest census, that of 1882, 
 gave the entire population as 
 y,787,629 (including the Islands 
 
BRADSHAW S MKXICO. 
 
 221 
 
 Tres Marias), of which 4,820,412 
 were males, and 5,173,442 females. 
 The races foi'ming the population 
 were numerically as follows: — 
 Caucasians, or Europeans, and 
 their descendants, 1,882,522 ; 
 American Indian, 3,765,044; and 
 4,354,318 of different tribes. The 
 most populous States are : the 
 Federal District (capital) with 
 153,394 inhabitants to the squire 
 kilometre ; Guanajuato with 
 38, 87, and Tlaxcala with 34, 25 per 
 ditto. The least populous States 
 are Lower California with 01 
 per square kilometre ; Coahuila 
 with O'C; Souora with 0'7, and 
 Chihuahua with 0'8 per square 
 kilometre. The largest and most 
 populous are : — 
 
 Mexico with 241,110 
 
 Guadalajara „ 78,600 
 
 
 
 
 
 >> 
 
 75,000 
 56,112 
 35,000 
 34,000 
 33,800 
 32,000 
 32,000 
 31,800 
 30,000 
 
 Puebia 
 
 Guanajuato 
 
 Zacatecas 
 
 San Luis Potosi 
 
 Monterey 
 
 Merida 
 
 Pachuca 
 
 Aguas Calientes 
 
 Morelia 
 The foreign population consists 
 chiefly of North Americans, Ger- 
 mans, French, Spanish, Italians, 
 and English. This element is 
 locited chiefly in the towns of 
 Mexico, Vera Cruz, Puebia, Chi- 
 huahua, Guanajuato, Monterey and 
 Guaymas. Except along the lines of 
 railways, houses are not met with 
 for fifteen or twenty miles at a 
 stretch ; and then they are mostly 
 of the type of isolated farm houses, 
 known as ** Haciendas." 
 
 FEDERAL STATES. 
 
 Gulf States: Yucatan, Cam- 
 peche, Tabasco, Vera-Cruz- 
 Llave, Tamaulipas. 
 
 Western Coast /S^afes.— Chiapas, 
 Oajaca. Guerrero, Michoacan, Jal- 
 isco, Colima (including Revilla, 
 
 Gigedo Tsliinds), Siniiloa, Sonor.i, 
 and territory of Lower California. 
 fn'oiid Stateff. — Puobla, Tlas- 
 cala, Mexico (cipital), Hidalgo, 
 Queretaro, Guanajuato, Aguas- 
 Calientos, Zacatoeas, San Lniss. 
 Postosi, Moivlos, Nuovo Leon, 
 Coahuila (including territory Siornt 
 Mojada), Durungo, Chihuahu.i; 2'J 
 in all. 
 
 ARMY AND NAVY. 
 
 The army (yearly estimated co^fc 
 of maintenance of which is eight 
 million dollars), consists of : 
 
 Otticers. Men. 
 Infantry (19 bat.) ... 722 10,r>(M 
 Cavalry (9 regts.) ... 518 4,17<* 
 Artillery (10 brigades 
 
 of 5 batteries each) 180 1,017 
 Coast Guards . 22 71 
 
 llurales, i.e., mounted 
 
 patrols (9 corps) .. . 150 1,092 
 
 Invalids 19 280 
 
 Military Colonies ... 130 1,158 
 
 Total .1,741 18,S94 
 Each State has also its militia. 
 The navy consists of only foii* 
 gun-boats. 
 
 FINANCE. 
 
 Owing to the constant revolution 
 and changes in the Government, 
 the finances of the Republic are 
 not in a very brilliant condition. 
 It is only, indeed, within the last 
 few years that the budget receii)ts 
 have balanced the expenses (1884- 
 85) . The Government is endeavour- 
 ing to make a settlement with its 
 foreign creditors (English and 
 Spanish debts), but up to the pre- 
 sent no definite terms of arrange- 
 Trent have been arrived at. The 
 estimate for 1884-5 shew receipts 
 30,100,000 dols., and expenses 
 33,325,433 dols. The principal 
 items in the receipts are the cus- 
 tom house dues, amounting to 
 10,000,000 dols. ; and stamp dues, 
 to 6,000,000 dols. The principal 
 
222 
 
 DRADSllAW .S MKXICO. 
 
 1 
 
 1; 
 
 1 
 
 :) 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 
 i:! 
 
 !i 
 
 1 " 
 
 I 
 
 outlay is on the army and navy, 
 which conaumtj 8,252,774 dols. 
 Public works, 0,151,870 dols. : 
 linaucG, 4,y03,430 dols., and Homo 
 Ottice, '6,'6W:214 dols. 
 
 The public debt amounted in 
 the same year to the following : — 
 
 Ej: terior or Fo re ig n . 
 
 En^\\ah debt (14th 
 
 Oct., 1850 
 Convention (English, 
 
 Dec. 4, 1851)' ... 
 Convention (Spanish, 
 
 Dec. G, 1853) 
 Convention (Spanish, 
 
 Nov. 12, 1853) ^ ... 
 Convention (United 
 
 States, July 4, 18G8) 
 
 $89,252,300 
 5,900,025 
 1,231,775 
 5,553,287 
 1,875,123 
 
 Total foreign debt.. .$103,812,570 
 Interior do ... 40,241,215 
 
 >> 
 
 Grand total ...$144,053,785 
 The Government does not recog- 
 nize the English and Spanish Con- 
 ventions. The United States 
 receive annually on account of 
 their loan of July 4th, 18G8, 
 300,000 dols., which is regulai-ly 
 paid. 
 
 PRODUCE AND 
 MANUFACTURES. 
 
 The chief riches of Mexico 
 resides in its inexhaustible mines 
 of the precious metals. According 
 to a table compiled by Lerdo de 
 Tejada, the product during the 331 
 years from its discovery to 1852. 
 lias been 3,5G2,204,89G dols. Of 
 this about one twenty-second part 
 was gold, the remainder silver. 
 Of the whole amount 3,450 millions 
 were exported to Europe. Up to 
 1884, it has been calculated that 
 the total was 3,720,000,000 dols. 
 The annual production at the pre- 
 sent time varies between 25,000,000 
 dols. and 30,000,000 dols., of which 
 about 1,000,000 dols. is in gold, 
 
 and the remainder in silver. The 
 richest districts, according to Hum- 
 boldt, are Guanajuato, Catorce, 
 Zacatecas, Real del Monte, Bolanos, 
 Guarisamey, Sombrerete, Tasco, 
 Hatopilas, Zimapan, Fresnillo, 
 Ramos and Parral. Of these the 
 Veta Mad re of Guanajuato, and 
 Vcfa G ramie, oi Zacatecas, are the 
 richest ; they have been worked 
 for more than 300 years, and still 
 yield most abundantly iron, lead, 
 copper, tin, and mercury. Coal 
 mines have also been found, but as 
 yet are but little worked. The 
 agricultural produce of Mexico is 
 very varied, as it embraces in 
 the hot region, cotton, vanilla, 
 indigo, rice, hemp, sarsaparilla, 
 caoutchi>uc, cocoa, cassia, and 
 other ti- opical produce. The tem- 
 perate region produces coffee, 
 sugar, cotton, tobacco, &c. In 
 the cold region all the northern 
 fruits and cereals grow well. Of 
 these but little is exported in com- 
 parison with what the country 
 could produce. Cochineal was at 
 one time a staple article of ex- 
 portation, but has fallen off of late, 
 owing to the increased use of 
 minn-al dyes. The extension of 
 railways will, it is hoped, consider- 
 ably increase the producing power 
 of the country. 
 
 Manufactures in Mexico, are as 
 yet, in a very backward condition. 
 According to Seiior Bustos' statis- 
 tics, only about 100 manufactories 
 existed in the country in 1884. 
 These were almost entirely cotton- 
 spinning and weaving mills, with 
 about 200,000 spindles, and a little 
 over 9,000 looms. Cotton and 
 woollen goods; leather work of 
 every kind : soap, straw and felt 
 hats, candles, matches, silk goods, 
 glass, furniture, pottery, matting, 
 baskets, paper, flour, sugar, etc., 
 are the chief articles of manufac- 
 ture. They are not made in suffi- 
 cient quantity to supply the home 
 demand.?, nor are any exported. 
 
BRADSIIAW S MEXICO. 
 
 223 
 
 .exico IS 
 
 COMMERCE. 
 
 In 1883-4 the exports amounted 
 to in all 44,800,000 dols., the im- 
 ports to 46,700,000 dols. ; of the 
 exports about half is of precious 
 metals (gold and silver). Tiiebulk 
 of the wholesale trade of Mexico is 
 in the hands of the Germans, as 
 also a large part of the retail trade. 
 On account of railway and steam- 
 ship facilities more than half of all 
 exports and imports go to the 
 United States. One-half of the 
 exports are shipped from A'cra 
 CruZ; which is the principal poi*t, 
 and is connected with the capital 
 by a railway. Sugar and tobacco 
 exported in 1883-4 amounted only to 
 050,000 dols. The total tonnage of 
 vessels entered in all ports can be 
 only roughly estimated, and it is 
 computed at about a million tons. 
 The shipping in the ports amounts 
 to about 3,500 vessels, of which 
 two-thirds are Mexican. The Mexi- 
 can Merchant Marine consists of 
 about 500 vessels engaged in 
 foreign trade, and some 900 coasting 
 vessels. Extensive smuggling is 
 carried on on the northern frontier, 
 and the annual loss to the Govern- 
 ment by this may be placed at 
 about 3,000,000 dols. The chief 
 items of importation are silk, linen 
 and woollen goods, raw cotton, 
 porcelain, glass, and hardware, 
 olive oil, and cocoa, wines, liquors, 
 bar iron, wrought iron, and machi- 
 nery. The staple exports are gold, 
 silver, copper ore, coffee, cochi- 
 neal, vanilla, indigo, hides, hemp, 
 mahogany and dye w^oods. 
 Two-thirds of the whole trade is 
 centred in Vera Cruz. The 
 amount of the interior trade tran- 
 sactions is valued at 400,000,000 
 dols. ; but these figures are appar- 
 ently exaggerated. The chief ports 
 trading with the United States 
 are Matamoros, Tampico, Tabasco, 
 Minatitlan, Tehuantepec, La Paz, 
 and Guaymas, Tuxpan, Papantla, 
 
 and Mizantla, should be mentioned 
 on account of their coasting trade, 
 but they have no foreign com- 
 merce. 
 
 RAILWAYS. 
 
 On the 1st of January, 1880, 
 5,456,75 kilometres were in full 
 operation, w hile 335 were in con- 
 struction. The first line belonging 
 to the Mexican Railway Company 
 was commenced in 1837, viz., the 
 line from Vera Cruz to the capital, 
 and was only completed in 1873 ; 
 the branch from Puey)la to Mexico 
 having been opened on September 
 10th, 1800, and that from Orizaba 
 to Vera Cruz on Septerabe;. 5th, 
 1872. In September, 1880, the 
 Government granted charters to 
 the Mexican Central Railway Com- 
 pany and the Mexican National 
 Construction Company ; in June, 
 1881, to the International and 
 Interoceanic Railway Company. 
 These are and will be the mostim 
 portant systems of Mexican Rail- 
 ways. A concession was also 
 obtained by General G rant in May, 
 1881, for the Mexicuu Southern 
 Railways. Several other charters 
 were granted in 1867 to individual 
 States and private companies for 
 railways in the Interior, but many 
 of these have been forfeited, owing 
 to the works not having been com- 
 pleted within the specified time. 
 As there is but little Government 
 land, subsidies are accorded in vary- 
 ing amounts, the total up to 1885 
 being 120,000,000 dols., payable 
 over a number of years (99 years 
 in most cases), after which the 
 railways become State property. 
 The most important of the com- 
 pleted lines run from the frontier of 
 the United States to the South 
 (chiefly to the capital), but several 
 lines run also across from the Gulf 
 of Mexico to the Pacific coast. 
 Only a few miles of these latter are 
 in operation so I'ar. 
 
 I I 
 
■« r 
 
 ■I j 
 
 224 
 
 RRADSHAW S MEXICO. 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 :) 
 
 .1 
 
 f i 
 
 
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 fl 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 
 : IV 
 
 ^.r 
 
 t 
 
 The Mexican National and the 
 Moreloa Railways are on the nar- 
 row gauge principle ; the others on 
 the standard gauge. The towns are 
 generally at some distance from the 
 line of rail. 
 
 The accommodation for pasien- 
 j?er8 is of two classes. First-class 
 ciirriagcs are on iiuropcan system 
 with separate compartments for 
 six, eight or ten passengers respect- 
 ively. Second and third class 
 carriages are on the American plan. 
 The conductors are the ticket C( 1- 
 lectors, and speak mostly English 
 smd Spanish, or French. They are 
 generally Europeans, whereas the 
 ticket agents, baggage masters and 
 hrakemen are Mexicans. The 
 Mexican Central Railway runs 
 sleeping and drawing-room cars be- 
 tween El Paso del Norte and Mexi- 
 co, the capital. The tickets should 
 he bought at the agents, as an ad- 
 ditional charge is made for tickets 
 bought in the train. The names 
 of the stations are not called out, 
 and passengers will do well to in- 
 quire as to their whereabouts. 
 
 ANTIQUITIES AND RUINS. 
 
 These are striking and numer- 
 ous enough to merit a special para- 
 graph. They are especially inter- 
 esting as shewing the high state 
 of civilization which Mexico en- 
 joyed long before its discovery and 
 conquest by the Spaniards. They 
 consist chiefly of ruins of temples 
 and fortifications and works of de- 
 fence. The oldest are colossal and 
 massive, and not devoid of archi- 
 tectural beauty. The early inhabi- 
 tants seemed to have built huts for 
 their own use, while they lavished 
 their architectural skill in the 
 habitations of their priests and 
 princes, both offices being fre- 
 quently combined in the same 
 person. The buildings are mostly 
 pyramidal in form, terraced and 
 
 flat on the top. The largo temple 
 of Mexico was surrounded with a 
 lime walls feet thick, castellated, 
 and adorned with snake-like figures. 
 They are built mostly of hewn stone . 
 and exhibit remarkable workman- 
 ship. They all bear a strong re- 
 semblance to the Egyptian pyra- 
 mids, whilst the temples combine 
 the solidity of the works of Egypt 
 with the elegance of those of 
 Greece. The oldest of these ruins are 
 considered to be those of Mayapan 
 and Uxmal in Yucatan, next come 
 those of Palenque and Mitla. But 
 there are others at Cholula, Papant- 
 la, Hoxicalco, Mizantla Quemada, 
 and indeed nearly every moun- 
 tain range or valley possesses 
 some of a more or less imposing 
 character. Solis reports eight 
 temples of the same size as 
 the huge temple in Mexico — 
 there is now no trace left of them. 
 Torque mada estimates the total 
 number to have been about 40,C00 
 in the whole of old Mexico, and 
 Clavigero gives a higher estimate. 
 The Pyramids of San Juan Teoti- 
 huacan, on the plain of Otumba, 
 belong probably to the oldest 
 monuments of the country ; there 
 are two very large ones dedicated 
 to the sun and the moon. The 
 former is the larger — both are 
 rectangular, and facing correctly 
 North, East, South, and West. 
 They are 180 feet .high, and the 
 length of each base is G82 feet. 
 The pyramid covers almost as 
 wide an area as the pyramid of 
 Cheops in Egypt. The platform 
 on top is about 75 feet square The 
 summit was. crowned originally 
 with a temple. Three terraces are 
 now visible on the larger mound. 
 Basalt and trachyte rock are the 
 materials used in construction ; 
 half-a-mile to the north is the other 
 pyramid dedicated to the moon, 
 and a great number of smaller 
 size are scattered around these 
 principal ones. The most impor- 
 
BRADSHAW S MEXICO. 
 
 225 
 
 rcfo teinplo 
 led with a 
 astellated, 
 ike figures, 
 lewn stone, 
 workman- 
 strong re- 
 tian pyra- 
 8 combine 
 i of Egypt 
 those of 
 se ruins are 
 f Mayapan 
 next come 
 Litla. But 
 la, Papant- 
 Quemada, 
 3ry moun- 
 possesses 
 1 imposing 
 Qrts eight 
 ; size as 
 Mexico — 
 t of them, 
 the total 
 lOut 40,C00 
 i3xico, and 
 estimate, 
 lan Teoti- 
 • Otumba, 
 he oldest 
 ry ; there 
 dedicated 
 )on. The 
 -both are 
 correctly 
 nd West. 
 , and the 
 682 feet, 
 ilmost as 
 yramid of 
 platform 
 luare The 
 originally 
 rraces are 
 ir mound, 
 k are the 
 truction ; 
 3 the other 
 he moon, 
 )f smaller 
 lud these 
 st impor- 
 
 tant and perfect are those of Ux- 
 nial, Mayapan, and Falenque. 
 
 POST AND TELEGRAPH. 
 
 In the period before the Spanish 
 Conquest, the Aztecs had de- 
 veloped a postal system, and letters 
 were even carried from Vera Cruz 
 to the capital by courriers, in 2t 
 hours. There are now various lines 
 of steamboats and railways convey- 
 ing the mails along the coasts, ! 
 while diligences and special cour- 
 riers travel through the interior. ' 
 The service is fairly regular and 
 punctual. The number of Post 
 Ottioes was in 1834-5, 892, of which 
 53 were principal offices, 2G0 
 estafetaSf and 573 ageyiciatt. The 
 income derived from stamps, etc., 
 was above 800,000 dols. On the ar- 
 rival of the mail the names of per- 
 sons to whom letters are addressed 
 are posted in lists at the Post Office , 
 a distinction being made between 
 Mexican and foreign letters. 
 These lists refer only to poste re- 
 st ante letters, bu?inesg houses 
 generally have private boxes, at any 
 rate in the principal towns. There 
 is no house to house distribution 
 but all letters must be asked for 
 at the office. In the capital, the 
 Post Office is open from U a.m. to 
 1 p.m., and from 3 to 5 p.m, ; in 
 the country from 8 till 12 a.m., 
 and from 3 to 9 p.m. As in Italy 
 so in Mexico, public' letter writers 
 frequent the plazas. In times of re- 
 volution, the postal service is 
 practically useless, as the rebels 
 examine, and often confiscate, cor- 
 respondence. The total number 
 of letters, inland and foreign , pass- 
 ing through the Mexican Office, was 
 in 1882-3, 19,788,657- In 1884 the 
 total mileage of the telegraph lines 
 was 31,361 kiloms.; of these 20,500 
 kil. belonged to the Government, 
 1,483 to the Federal States, 3,50i, 
 to private individuals, about 5,000 
 to the railways, and 87o kil. to the 
 
 Mexican Cable Company. In all 
 about 12,000 English miles. At 
 the same date 325 telegraphic 
 offic 's were in existence, and the 
 number of messages transmitted 
 was about 91)0,000. The annual 
 income was 450,000 dols. The tele- 
 phone is scarcely known beyond 
 the capital. 
 
 CONVEYANCES. 
 
 The chief mode of conveyence — 
 the railroads— have been already 
 partly described. It may be added 
 hero that the trains travel generally 
 at a speed of 30 miles an hour, 
 though less on some lines and on 
 others more. The price charged 
 to passengers (first-class) is from 
 three to seven cents per kilometre ; 
 the second-class from two to five, 
 and the third-class from one to 
 three cents per kilometre. Fifteen 
 kilogrammes or 33 pounds of 
 luggage free of charge ai*e allowed 
 to each ticket — extra weight is 
 charged for exorbitantly. Through 
 tickets are as yet only issued on 
 the Great American Trunk lines, 
 and at a proportional reduction. 
 There is bad steamboat accommo- 
 dation along the coast, and hardly 
 any on the rivers. Accommodation 
 on some coasting steamers is fair, 
 but dear. Travelling in the interior 
 is carried on either by diligences, 
 horses, or mules. In some parts 
 of the country, chairs carried by 
 mules, or men (peones), are used. 
 The best mode of travelling in 
 order to enjoy the country is on 
 muleback, as the diligences are 
 neither clean nor comfortable. 
 Owing to their limited accommo- 
 dation, and the bad condition of 
 the roads, the jolting and shaking 
 is intolerable. Experienced Mexi- 
 can travellers manage to fleep, it 
 is said, on these journeys, but 
 foreigners can rarely enjoy thi^ 
 luxury. The stage i? about 80 
 miles daily. The passenger rates 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
I 
 
 22) 
 
 r.HADSIIAW S .MKXICO. 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 
 
 \ ' ^ 
 
 ['4 
 
 
 i . 
 
 ((, "■ 
 
 '. i 
 
 I, ,? 
 
 hi •■ 
 
 If' t-' 
 
 11 
 
 r k 
 
 ■if" 
 
 I 
 
 vary from fi to 10 cents per mile ; 
 25 i)oun(ls of lu^jjra.i?e froo - any 
 cxoorfH ischarj^ed for at a liigh rate. 
 PoitiiiK i« rare in the country, but 
 liickney carriages can bo hired for 
 moierato distances. Tramways 
 exist in nearly every town in the 
 llf»pul)lie. Some linf s are laid to 
 villages 10 or 15 miles distant — • 
 ■while others connect stations on 
 the railway with towns 80, 40, and 
 even GO miles away. Both pas- 
 senger and freight cars running on 
 these, and the former are divided 
 into first and second-class. In the 
 towns, some hackney carriages 
 are seen, but the i)rices are even 
 higher than in the United States. 
 Pedestrian ism is almost unknown 
 in the llepublie, except ])y 
 foreigners, when they ascend 
 mountains, &c. Wells, Fargo & 
 Co. have agencies in the principal 
 towns, and are the chief carriers. 
 
 MONEY. 
 
 The currency of Mexico is of gold 
 anl silver, though the former 
 is seldom seen. The standard 
 coin is the peso or dollar, divided 
 into 8 real.es, or 100 ?ents, and 
 worth about four shillings English 
 money. | peso, or four reales, is 
 one torton = 50 cents ; i peso or 
 two reales is one pesi i. = 25 cents 
 or about a shilling, one real 
 12^ cents and one medio 6\ cents. 
 The above are all silver coins. 
 The copper coins are one cuartillo 
 = 3 cents and one thico li cents;. 
 Nickel coins of five, two, and one 
 cent are also in circulation. The 
 standard gold coin is the onza = 16 
 pesos, and there are other coins of 
 10dol8.and5dols. Theonzaisworth 
 ubout £3 4s. But these gold coins 
 do not circulate, although the Mint 
 coins them every year. The obverse 
 of the Mexican dollar displays a 
 royal eagle with extended wings, 
 standing on a cactus growing from 
 a rock. The eagle holds a serpent 
 in its beak. A liberty cap and the 
 
 r^^illg sun are on the reverse. 
 Occasionally some gold and silver 
 old S[)aiiish coins may be found, 
 ])ut they are eagerly sought after 
 by the jewellers and silversmiths. 
 Paper money has also been issued 
 latfly by tlie Mexican National 
 Bank and some of the private 
 banks. The " Monte de piedad, " 
 or Government Pawn Office, also 
 has bank notes from one dollar 
 upwards, and these are taken at 
 par throughout the Republic. 
 The notes of private banks are 
 only accepted at a discount, imme- 
 diately outside the city of Mexico. 
 Tourists should remember this. The 
 diligence company also issue drafts 
 on to their various offices. In case 
 of robbery, the company will refund 
 the value of their drafts. Several 
 banks cash letters of credit on 
 British and American bankers, 
 and some of the country branches 
 of thj Mexican National Bank do 
 like^vise. The most convenient 
 method foi a traveller would l-e 
 to deposit a certain sura with one of 
 the banks of the capital and obtain 
 from thorn a letter of credit on the 
 town or district he proposes to 
 visit. To carry English or American 
 banknotes, or other money in any 
 quantity is not advisable. 
 
 CUSTOMS, PASSPORTS, Etc. 
 
 The examination of luggage at 
 the port of arrival, or at the fron- 
 tier railway stations is conducted 
 very strictly. The officers, though 
 extremely polite, examine every- 
 thing thoroughly, but they are 
 enjoined by the Government to 
 act with prudence and moderation. 
 The examination is less severe 
 at the stations on the United 
 States frontier. As in the States, 
 tourists should bring with them 
 only such articles as are absolutely 
 necessary for personal use. As 
 a rule, the imposition of duties 
 upon wearing apparel, jewellery, 
 
P.RADSHAW 8 MKXICO. 
 
 227 
 
 ro verso, 
 and silver 
 he found, 
 
 uj?ht Ht'ter 
 Iversniitbs. 
 eon issued 
 
 1 National 
 he private 
 e piedad, " 
 [)iiice, also 
 
 one dollar 
 e taken at 
 
 Republic, 
 banks are 
 unt, imme- 
 of Mexico, 
 jrtbis. The 
 issue drafts 
 's. In case 
 will refund 
 3. Several 
 
 credit on 
 I bankers, 
 'y branches 
 al Bank do 
 convenient 
 
 would be 
 with one of 
 and obtain 
 edit on tLe 
 roposes to 
 r American 
 )ney in any 
 e. 
 
 aTS, Etc. 
 
 luggage at 
 t the fron- 
 
 conducted 
 ers, though 
 line every- 
 they are 
 rnment to 
 loderation. 
 ess severe 
 le United 
 ;he States, 
 with them 
 
 absolutely 
 J use. As 
 
 of duties 
 
 jewellery, 
 
 ^ 
 
 etc., i« left entirely to the discre- 
 tion of the Government otticials ; 
 but the character and social posi- 
 tion, etc., of the traveller operates 
 very much in his favour. It is 
 always best to declare beforehand 
 auv dutiable article. Scarcely any 
 redress can bo obtained for articles 
 unduly taxed, though complaints 
 may be addressed to the Ministry 
 uf the Capital. A revolver with 
 about 200 cartridges, a gun with 
 an equal amount of charges, 100 
 cigars or 40 small packages of 
 cigarettes, etc., are allowed to pass 
 free of duty. 
 
 Passports are not required in 
 any part of the Republic ; notwith- 
 standing, it is always good to be 
 provided with one for ideutitication 
 at post offices, etc. 
 
 CLIMATE AND DRESS. 
 
 The ciimatc of Mexico is un- 
 equalled by that of any country on 
 the globe. The mean of the three 
 zones is as follows : "In the 
 tropical region (Tienu Caliente) 
 77^ E. ; in the temperate from 08 
 to 70^ F. ; in the cold region 02^ F. 
 Sudden atmospheric changes and 
 distux'bances are uncommon, except 
 in the hot region, where frequently 
 changes of 35° F. occur in a few 
 houi's. The rainy season varies 
 slightly, but always occurs in the 
 summer months, and usually from 
 May till October. The best season , 
 therefore, to visit the country is in 
 the autumn and winter months. In 
 February there are often showers. 
 The annual rainfall in the Capital, 
 as observed by Humboldt, was 
 oJJ inches. Snow falls in winter, 
 but never lies long below an eleva- 
 tion of 8,500 feet. The perpetual 
 snow line is at an elevation of 
 15,100 feet. As a rule the atmos 
 pliere is exceedingly dry. The 
 nights are cold all over the country, 
 temperature falling as low as 45° F. 
 The coldest hour is just before 
 diy break. The sky is generally 
 
 clear; but strong winds are com- 
 mon on the ta))le land^!, anl the 
 du^t is at times intolerable. It in 
 advisable to take as little lugi^i.ge 
 as possible, for, as already sjiewn^ 
 little free luggage is allowed on 
 either railways or diligences. The 
 ch irgos on extra luggage are exor- 
 bitantly high. Wraps, handbags, 
 etc., are free, if taken into the 
 l)assenger carriages. As to dress 
 and wearing apparel, the traveller 
 will do well to provide for the 
 different climatic zones. For the 
 lowlands thin cloth is the most 
 suitable ; but for the interior thick 
 woollen clothing is necessary. 
 Woollen underclothing should be 
 worn everywhere. An overcoat 
 will also be fouii ' useful, and a 
 Mexican blanket or rug (zarapi-) 
 will prove useful. A dustco.it 
 might also be taken. The direct 
 rays of the ^'un and the night air 
 should be avoided by new arrivals. 
 Washing facilities are deficient, 
 and tourists will do well to pi'ovide 
 themselves with a good stock of 
 linen, so as not to be detained. 
 There are no longer any actual 
 brigands, but the traveller will do 
 well to go armed. Soap iind 
 matches should be always carried. 
 
 LUGGAGE CHECK SYSTEM. 
 
 As already stated the amount of 
 luggage allowed is limited. The 
 railways allow only 33 lbs., and the 
 diligences 25 lbs. Extra luggage is 
 charged for at a high rate. The 
 best plan for any traveller in the 
 interior is to have two vali s or 
 trunks of equal weight and size, so 
 that they maybe packed on a mule. 
 In remote districts peones can be 
 hired to carry a valise. The price 
 of a riding mule is 30 dols. ; if 
 hired both riding and carrying 
 mule can be had at 1 dol. per day. 
 
 Peones or mozo, making them- 
 selves generally useful can also be 
 had at 1 dol. a day (food included). 
 
 11 2 
 
 I 
 
228 
 
 HHADSHAW S MEXICO. 
 
 it - j[i ; I 
 
 If into'ided to make a trip ot ten 
 days or l(;ujfer, the best plan is to 
 buy a liorse or mule, as they can 
 always be sold at a trifling? loss. A 
 mule is the better of the two, being 
 more sure-footed in mountainous 
 districts. Tn such cases, the 
 traveller should never be without 
 food and drink of some sort carried 
 with him. 
 
 Passengers must purchase their 
 tickets before the luggage can be 
 checked either on railways or 
 diligences. The system of check- 
 ing luggage is the same as the 
 European, the passenger receiv- 
 ing a receipt with a number 
 corresponding to the number on 
 his luggage. There are luggage 
 express companies in Puebla and 
 Mexico, worked on the plan 
 adopted in the States. Wells, 
 Fargo & Co. also have established 
 agencies in a number of towns. 
 Coaches do not meet trains as in 
 the States ; but the tramways pass 
 nearly all hotels. Cabs are com- 
 mon, and can be hired from the 
 station to the hotel for about 
 50c. (two shillings). Porters and 
 diligence drivers do not expect 
 fees. 
 
 HOTELS. 
 
 Hotels, as a matter of course, 
 ai*e neither so numerous, nor the 
 accommodation so good as in the 
 United States. This is due, partly 
 to the insufl&ciency of railways, 
 which makes travelling difficult, 
 and partly to the scantiness of the 
 population. Mexicans, as a rule, 
 when visiting a strange town, stay 
 at the house of a friend, hos- 
 pitality being a characteristic of 
 all Spanish-Americans. Many 
 towns of over 15,000 inhabitants 
 cannot boast of even one inn. In 
 the interior, many of the diligence 
 companies have control over nu- 
 merous inns on their routes. Mexi- 
 can hotels — Pesada — are of two 
 different kinds; one for travel- 
 
 lers, the other fit only for horses 
 and cattle and their drivers. — 
 Mesones. Bath-rooms are seldom 
 found in any hotels, with the pos- 
 sible exception of a shower-bath. 
 Public baths, with the exception 
 of those of Puebla, Orizaba, and 
 San Luis Potosi, are not first-class, 
 either as regards cleanliness or 
 general management. Such as 
 they are, they may be found in the 
 principal towns^ and often but 
 two or three mmutes' walk from 
 the hotels. English is rarely 
 spoken, but French and Spanish 
 generally. Good hotels, conducted 
 by Americans on the American 
 system, are gradually springing 
 up, and may now be found in 
 many towns along the United 
 States frontier. The Mexican 
 hotels are mostly two-storeyed 
 houses ; the upper floor is the 
 hotel proper, whilst the basement 
 is used as shops, &c. Several 
 convents have been converted into 
 hotels, and are often named after 
 ex-presidents or patriots. 
 
 In the large towns men perform 
 the various services, but in rural 
 districts chamber-maids are 
 employed. Gas, electric bells, 
 stoves, chimneys, water-pipes, 
 public parlours, etc., are, as yet, 
 practically unknown. 
 
 The charges at first-class hotels 
 vary from 2 dols. to 2^ dols. a day, 
 inclusive ; in the capital they are 
 a little higher. Table d'h6te 
 dinners can be had in good quality 
 at 1 dol. — at some houses at four 
 reales, or two shillings ; wines and 
 spirits extra ; waiters and servants 
 are feed. Fonda is the name for a 
 restaurant, arid fondita for a cafe. 
 Mexican, and, indeed, all Spanish- 
 American cookery, is renowned for 
 the quantity of grease and pepper 
 employed, and is generally very 
 distasteful to the visitor at first. 
 Vegetable's are rarely served, and 
 dessert consists chiefly of dulce, or 
 jam, preserved fruits, &c. The 
 
lUIADSIIAW S MKXICO. 
 
 220 
 
 for horses 
 drivers. — 
 ro seldom 
 h the pos- 
 •wer-bath. 
 
 exception 
 zaba, and 
 first-class, 
 iiliness or 
 
 Such as 
 and in the 
 )ften hut 
 valk from 
 
 is rarely 
 i Spanish 
 conducted 
 American 
 
 springing 
 
 found in 
 
 e United 
 
 Mexican 
 
 o-storeyed 
 
 3r is tlio 
 
 basement 
 . Several 
 erted into 
 imed after 
 s. 
 
 in perform 
 it in rural 
 lids are 
 ric bells, 
 ater-pipes, 
 e, as yet, 
 
 lass hotels 
 lols. a day, 
 il they are 
 )le d'hdte 
 •od quality 
 68 at four 
 wines and 
 id servants 
 name for a 
 for a cafe. 
 11 Spanish* 
 lowned for 
 md pepper 
 srally very 
 )r at first, 
 lerved, and 
 )f dulce, or 
 &c. The 
 
 frosh fruit is m;ihily bananas and 
 oranges, though the country has a 
 j^reat variety of both tropical and 
 northern fruit. Chocolate is ex- 
 tensively drunk, as also coffee, 
 but tea is rarely used, and cannot 
 bo obtained in many districts. 
 Letter boxes, telegraph offices, 
 ticket offices, barber shops, etc., 
 etc., are not adjuncts to Mexican 
 hotels . 
 
 TOURIST CIRCULAR AND 
 EXCURSION TICKETS. 
 
 There are none as yet, but no 
 doubt the enterprise of the 
 American Railway Companies will, 
 before long, introduce the above 
 convenient arrangements. Thomas 
 Cook & Son have opened an agency 
 at the capital. 
 
'I i 
 
 THE MEXICAN CE iTRAL RAILWAZ. 
 
 i 
 
 l^. < 'i 
 
 r i: 
 
 i 1 
 
 An event of vast importance to the Republic of Mexico was the 
 construction of the Mexican Central Railway. A line a 
 little more than twelve hundred miles long, running nearly directly 
 south from Paso del Norte to the City of Mexico, complete 
 in every respect, it has opened a great highway between the United 
 States and her eister llepublic, making possible a profitable exchange 
 of products, and placing the beautiful valley of Mexico, and all that 
 leads to it, within easy reach of the tourist. 
 
 The climate of Mexico varies with the altitude, from the tierras 
 calientes, or hot lands, at an elevation of 1,000 feet, to the tien-as 
 templadas, or temperate lands, at an elevation of from 3,500 to 7,000 
 feet, and the products of every fruitful zone may be found within the 
 limits of a single State. 
 
 Upon the great central elevated plateau, which is traversed from 
 end to end by the Mexican Central Railway, are situated many of 
 the principal cities of the Republic and its most prolific farming 
 lands. Every tree, fruit or plant of America or Europe will grow there. 
 
 The silver deposits of this region are metals, not ores, and 
 chemical manipulations are not necessary in their reduction. As a 
 consequence, they can be more easily handled. 
 
 Boiling and mineral springs, rivers, cascades, deep canons and 
 grotesque formations of sandstone and porphyry abound. 'I he foot- 
 hills of the Sieri'a Madre abound ^a beautiful ravines and valloys and 
 are plentifully supplied with timber— pine, oak, cedar, larch, and the 
 hard woods peculiar to Mexico. 
 
 The clir ,^teof the valleys is that of Southern Italy; o" the 
 ridges, tliai of Northern Pennsylvania. The intermediate slopes 
 have that of Southern France. 
 
 Rising above this are still the grc^t grazing regions, millions of 
 acres being covered with nutritious grasses. These embrace n^ a'ly 
 all Chihuahua and the Bolson de Mapimi, north-east to the Rio Grande. 
 
 In all this counti'y cf infinite variety of soil, product and climate, 
 it is a noticeable fact that the inhabitants seek the slopes, uplands 
 and high elevations. Three-fourths of the people of Mexico live in 
 the pure air and sunshine of almost as high as they can get, while 
 only some ten per cent, of the entire population live in the tierras 
 calientes, undoubtedly rich and productive as they are. 
 
 As stated above, nearly all the large towns of the country are 
 situated on the great plateau, and, singularly enough, are almost all 
 upon or near the line of the Mexican Central Railway. Most of them 
 have been there for a hundred and fifty years or more, have grown to 
 their prr'^.v.nt size without any outside assistance, and until the rail- 
 way came had no adequate communication with each other. Their 
 fortuitous situation, on the natural line of a great railway, has pro- 
 duced the result that more of the people, business and resources of 
 the country are now reached than would otherwise have been possible. 
 
 J 
 
BUADSHAW S MEXICO. 
 
 231 
 
 ^A7. 
 
 wag the 
 A line a 
 y directly 
 complete 
 e United 
 exchange 
 . all that 
 
 18 tierras 
 le tierras 
 to 7,000 
 within the 
 
 •sed from 
 L many of 
 c farming 
 •ow there, 
 ores, and 
 )n. As a 
 
 nons and 
 
 'I'lie foot- 
 
 lUoys and 
 
 and the 
 
 r I 0^ the 
 te slopes 
 
 illions of 
 ce nv a'ly 
 o Grande, 
 climate, 
 uplands 
 live in 
 et, while 
 He tierras 
 
 untry are 
 Imost all 
 t of them 
 grown to 
 the rail- 
 Their 
 has pro- 
 ources of 
 possible. 
 
 o 
 
 El Paso, Texas, one of the most enterprising and prosperous 
 cities of the South-West, and containing first-class hotels, is the con- 
 necting point of the Mexican Central with the raihv lys of the United 
 States. See detailed description, page 236. 
 
 Paso del Norte, just across the Rio Grande, is the first Mexicau 
 town reached by the traveller — a place containing 6,000 inhabitants. 
 It is an ancient adobe town, embowered in tree- and vines, id ?, 
 place where it is always afternoon. Lying in a beautiful valle;-. Ic 
 offers the finest inducements to Ihe grower of grapes, peaches, apri- 
 cots, strawberries, plums, cherries, currants, and all varieties of 
 vegetables. Further details on page 266. 
 
 Here, going south, the Central train stops for supper at the com- 
 pany's station, a fine structure built of adobe around an open court, 
 with ample verandas, upon which open the ottices, waiting rooms and 
 restaurant. 
 
 The Mexican Customs officer here examines the baggage. Passen- 
 gers are expected to have their keys ready, and those Avho have only 
 the ordinary effects of a traveller need fear no annoyance, as the rules 
 are fair and liberal, and the officers gentlemen who desire only to do 
 their duty with courtesy, celerity, and propriety. A day could be 
 pleasantly spent here in seeing the old church with its i);vrchment 
 records, antedating the settlement of the United States, and the fer- 
 tile farms and vinyards along the river. 
 
 The train passes through the country south of Paso del Norte in 
 the night, along valleys walled by low mountain ranges, through the 
 rich pastures of San Jose, Gallego, Encinillas and Sauz. 
 
 It is a pastoral country on an enormous scale. Many thousands of 
 cattle are passe I grazing near the track, and trails run in all directions. 
 
 dlihualma, capital of the State of the same name, distant from 
 Paso del Norte, 225 miles, is reached in season for breakfast. It is a 
 well built and handsome city of 20,000 inhabitants, with American 
 influence iu the ascendant. A branch of the Mexican Mint has long 
 been established hei'o and considerable capital has been acquired in 
 mines and mining. The building occupied by the Mint was formerly 
 a church, and from its tower, where he had been confined, the i)atriot 
 Hidalgo was taken to execution, July 30th, 1811, on the spot now 
 marked by a simple monument of white stone. Chihuahua, for 
 various reasons, deserves a brief visit. Its cathedral, so famous for 
 architectural beauty, was built with the proceeds of a special tax on 
 the product of the Santa Eulalia silver mine, situateil about fifteen 
 miles south of the city. Further details ow page 244. 
 
 Leaving Chihuahua, the train winds around the beautiful '* El 
 Coronel " mountain and runs through the valleys of the Concha and 
 San Pedro, reaching, a little before noon, SantaRosalia, famous 
 for its sanitary hot springs, and pronounced by foreigners who have 
 visited it to be, as to the quality of its waters, probably the finest 
 health resort in America. 
 
 Jimenez, the dinner station, is forty-five miles south of Santa 
 llosalia. The great mining district of Parrel lies about fifty miles west. 
 
 Iserdo, the supper station, is reached after a delightful ride 
 through the *' Laguna country." This city, containing 10,'"^') inhabit- 
 
 i| 
 
232 
 
 BRAPSHAW S MEXICO. 
 
 ,• 
 
 
 t '11! 
 ' 1(1 
 
 ants, is situated in a cotton and grain district, and from it are 
 shipped annually some 30,000 bales of the former. The soil and 
 climate are so favourable that the plants need renewal only every 
 fourth or fifth year, and with improved machinery and pressses, 
 greater areas could be brought under cultivation and the production 
 be largely increased. 
 
 DurangO, the capital of the State of that name, a handsome 
 city of 35,000 inhabitants, located in a great silver and iron district, 
 lies 150 miles west of Lerdo, and may be reached by stage from that 
 point. Further details on page 24S. 
 
 Fresnillo, once a great mining town, containing now 20,000 
 people. Its overflowed mines are awaiting the magic touch of capital 
 to bring to light their hoard of untouched silver and reawaken the 
 old busy life. Further details on page 248. 
 
 Zacatecas, a city of 75,000 souls, capital of the State of Zaca- 
 tecas, is reached by a sharp rise through the mouu bains and is of great 
 commercial importance. AH around it lie piles of rich slag, openings 
 into hills, square enclosures, tall chimneys, indicating its ancient 
 and present industry, which is silver mining. The coinage of the 
 mint here located is exceeded only by that of the City of Mexico. 
 Zacatecas is a point of great interest t) the tourist. It is situated 
 about half way between Paso del Norte and the City of Mexico, and 
 is wedged so closely into its narrow valley that it has foamed over 
 the edges and crept up the hillsides in terraced chisters of adobe. 
 Its cathedral is a marvel of stone carving and its people are of the 
 true and ancient Mexican type. The road now descends rapidly 
 through the hills to the broad, cultivated valleys of the State of 
 Aguas Calientes. Here great quanties of corn, wheat, barley, and 
 wool are raised. Further details on page 279. 
 
 Aguas Calientes, a city containing 40,000 inhabitants, and 
 justly reputed one of the most attractive places of the Republic, 
 takes its name from the hot springs in which the region abounds. 
 Its luxuriant baths, clean streets and beautiful buildings combine to 
 make it interesting for the tourist who spends a few days here. 
 Further details on page 241. 
 
 Among its thrivi , mdustries is the manufacture of fine woollens. 
 
 XiagOS, a manufacturing city of 40,000 inhabitants, is the nearest 
 station to Guadalajara, on the west, and San Luis Fotosi on 
 the east, both of which may be reached by stage and in the near 
 future will be made more accessible by branches, now under con- 
 struction, of the Mexican Central. On all three further details on 
 pages 252, 248 and 268. 
 
 Ijeon, the manufacturing city of the Republic, contains 100,000 
 people, and produces large quantities of cotton and woollen goods, 
 saddlery, hats, cloth, boots, shoes and cutlery, and is surrounded by 
 fertile valleys. Further details on page 252. 
 
 Silao is situated in the midst of a beautiful and highly cultivated 
 valley, and contains large flouring mills. This is the supper station, 
 going south, and the junction point of the branch line to Quana- 
 j uato. . 
 
i 
 
 )m it are 
 5 soil and 
 nly every 
 pressses, 
 iroduction 
 
 handsome 
 1 district, 
 from that 
 
 ow 20,000 
 1 of capital 
 -waken the 
 
 ;e of Zaca- 
 . is of great 
 ?, openings 
 ts ancient 
 age of the 
 of Mexico, 
 is situated 
 lexico, and 
 )amed over 
 3 of adobe, 
 are of the 
 ids rapidly 
 le State of 
 parley, and 
 
 itants, and 
 Republic, 
 
 n abounds. 
 
 combine to 
 days here. 
 
 e woollens. 
 
 the nearest 
 
 Potosi on 
 
 the near 
 
 under con- 
 
 details on 
 
 ins 100,000 
 •Hen goods, 
 rounded by 
 
 y cultivated 
 
 per station, 
 
 lo Guana- 
 
 HI 
 
 1 
 
 BRADSIIAW S MEXICO. 
 
 233 
 
 m 
 
 The 100,000 inhabitants of Guanajuato are largely engaged 
 silver mining. Further details on pages 272 and 250. 
 
 Irapuato and Salamanca, described on page 271 , are both 
 located in a fertile farming country, where strawberries may be eaten 
 every day in the year. 
 
 Celaya, a city of 30,000 inhabitants, is noted for its large cotton 
 and woollen mills. Detailed description on page 244. 
 
 Queretaro, the next point of interest, has a population of 
 40,000, and is the capital of the State of Quer'^taro. 
 
 On a hill north of the city are three crosses, marking the spot 
 where Maximilian, Miramon nnd Mejia were shot, June 19, 1867. 
 It is a fine city, located in a fertile valley, and contains much of 
 interest to the traveller. Further details on page 270. 
 
 San Juan Del Rio has a population of 18,000 people, active 
 and enterprising. As the train climbs the low mountains to the 
 south, we have a lovely view of the valley, the distant mountains' and 
 the great haciendas scattered along the plains. More details on 
 page 271. 
 
 Upward, through the broken and picturesque country, across the 
 broad plain of Cazadero, and over the summit at Marquez, the train 
 goes down into the Tula Valley, amid timber and foliage and 
 evidences of approach to the tropics. 
 
 The towns through whicli we now pass are full of interest to 
 the student of antiquity and contain many relics of Toltec civiliza- 
 tion. 
 
 Through the celebrated Tajo de Nochistongo, the great 
 Spanish drainage cut, dating back to the seventeenth century, we 
 enter the Valley of Mexico, than which nothing the world can be 
 more lovely, and on through fertile fields to thi tpital and largest 
 city of the Republic. 
 
 The City of Mexico is justly entitled, by reason of its popu- 
 lation, intelligence, culture, beautiful location, healthful an 1 even 
 climate, historical, political and commercial pre-eminence, to itn 
 reputation as one of the celebrated cities of the world. It is well 
 lighted, supplied with pure water, has a police force uniformly polite, 
 attentive and efficient ; abundance of public carriages at reasonabh 
 rates, under careful city regulations, fine hotels, conducted on the 
 European plan ; restauants, cafes, gardens, baths, theatres, public 
 library, museums, art galleries, fine houses and public buildings. Its 
 colleges and schools are large and thoroughly organized. 
 
 The National Palace, the City Hall, the great Cathedral and many 
 of the churches are grand in proportions and architectural and artistic 
 effects. Described in detail on page 254. 
 
 The suburbs are attractive and easily reached. In about twelve 
 hours one can reach the eternal snows of the summit of Popocatepetl, 
 or the tropical heat and fruits of the *' tierra caliente. " 
 
 The climate of Mexico is unsurpassed. The average temperature, 
 70^, never above 85°, never lower than 60°. 
 
234 
 
 BRADSHAW S MEXICO. 
 
 i:«s 
 
 '■ 
 
 t? ' 
 
 'i 
 
 Quoted hy permission from Letters written to Mexican Central Raiiiray 
 
 Officials. 
 
 " So far as Mexico is concerned, it is, in my opinion, 
 more interesting to tourists than any part of Europe, nearly the whole 
 of which I have visited." 
 
 S. H. H. Clark, Omaha, Neb. 
 
 (( 
 
 To the excursionist, the picturesque scenery, the peculiar habits 
 of the people preserved in their originality, the bea; ties of the cities 
 and the novelties of the trip are of sufficient interedt to warrant un- 
 qualified recommendation . ' ' 
 
 Stewart Shillito, Cincinnati, O. 
 
 <(' 
 
 ' My experiences as a sight-seer in Mexico lead me to believe that 
 nothing can be more satisfactory and pleasing to the vacation-taker 
 than a trip to our sister llepublic." 
 
 Philip D. Armour, Chicago, 111. 
 
 ' ' I can think of scarcely a country that is more favoured than Mexico 
 with climate and picturesque scenery." 
 
 Albert C. Barney, Cincinnati, O. 
 
 " I think Mexico far more interesting than Spain. It will be the 
 great resort for tourists hereafter." 
 
 JoHX L. Thomas, ex-member Congress, Baltimore, Md. 
 
 " I am anxious to again visit Mexico in company with friends who 
 contemplate spending next winter in that genial and balmy climate, 
 which, when known and properly recognized for its peaceful quiet, 
 will surely become the tourists' paradise." 
 
 School Commissioner Condon, Brooklyn, N.Y. 
 
 ** My visit to Mexico was full of pleasant experienes, and I know of 
 no place more worthy of the attention of tourists. I fuual many 
 things to interest me in each of the quaint old cities." 
 
 John Plankinton, Milwaukee, Wis. 
 
 (( 
 
 We saw Egypt and Palestine and old Spain illustrated on our own 
 Continent without crossing the ocean. I cannot imagine any tour of 
 travel so interesting as the trip to Mexico, vid the Mexican Central 
 Railway." 
 
 A. W. LONGFELLOW, Portland, Me. 
 
 >'i 
 
BRADSHAW S MEXICO. 
 
 235 
 
 BAGGAGE REGULATIONS. 
 
 One hundred and fifty pounds of baggage will be checked free on 
 each whole through ticket issued from or to points in the United 
 States, and seventy-five pounds on each half through ticket. On 
 local tickets between points in Mexico, thirty-three pounds of bag- 
 gage will bo carried free for each passenger Baggage will be 
 re-checlic'd at El Paso, Tex. 
 
 INFORMATION. 
 
 Pullman Drawing-room, Restaurant, Sleeping, and Smoking 
 Room Palace cars are run on all express trains, the ordinary cjir- 
 riages are the nonplus ultra of comfort and convenience. 
 
 On through tickets, children under five years of age will be carried 
 free of charge ; from five to twelve years of age, inclusive, at half 
 rates ; and over twelve years, full rates. 
 
 On local tickets, children under three years of age are taken free ; 
 from three to seven years, at half faro. Children over seven years 
 of age will pay fall rates. Only passengers holding first-class tickets 
 have the right to travel in Pullman cars. 
 
 The Mexican Customs officials inspect baggage of passengers to 
 Mexico at Paso del Norte and United States Customs officers, inspect 
 baggage of travellers from Mexico at El Paso, Texas. These inspec- 
 tions are quickly and courteously made, and passengers should have 
 their keys ready to open their baggage when requested to by the 
 Customs officers. Dutiable articles included hi baggage should be 
 duly declared as such upon a blank furnished by the officers of the 
 Custom House. 
 
 Stop-over privileges are allowed on first-class through tickets at any 
 point on this line, not to exceed thirty days. The conductor granting 
 the first stop-over will note the date on the back of the ticket. 
 
li' li! 
 
 236 
 
 BRADSHAW S MEXICO. 
 
 CONDENSED TIME TABLE TO AND FROM 
 
 EL PASO. 
 
 (■ * 
 
 
 I ' 'I 
 
 t ? 
 
 i' 
 
 
 ! i 
 
 'j 
 
 1 ' 
 
 III 
 
 
 ^'k : 
 
 i ■ 'ii 
 
 iij 
 
 i ■ 
 
 12.30 
 
 12.30 
 
 12.10 
 
 12.30 
 
 8.45 
 
 8.20 
 
 9.10 
 
 8.25 
 
 8.25 
 
 10.40 
 
 10.20 
 
 7.30 
 
 3.30 
 
 1.0 
 
 3.15 
 
 3.30 
 
 3.45 
 
 11.50 
 
 n n. 
 
 n'n. 
 
 n'n. 
 
 n'n. 
 
 p.m. 
 
 p.m. 
 
 a.m. 
 
 p.m. 
 
 p.m. 
 
 a.m. 
 
 a.m. 
 
 p.m. 
 
 p.m. 
 
 p.m. 
 
 p.m. 
 
 p.m. 
 
 a.m. 
 
 p.m. 
 
 Lv. 
 
 )> 
 >> 
 j> 
 >j 
 )> 
 >j 
 j> 
 jj 
 )) 
 )> 
 j> 
 }) 
 >> 
 Ar, 
 
 ...Chicago, rtd C. & A. R. R.... 
 
 Chicago, vid C. B. & Q. R. R. 
 
 Chicago, via C, R. I. & P. Ry. 
 
 . . . Chicago, rid Wabash R. R. . . . 
 
 St. Louis, via C. & A. R. R. 
 St. Louis, via Missouri Pacific Ry. 
 St. Louis, rid St. L., I. M.& S. Ry. 
 St. Louis, rid St. L. & S. F. Ry. 
 ...St. Louis, rid Wabash R. R... 
 Atchison, via A. T. & S. F. R. R. 
 Kansas City, via A. T. & S. F. R. R. 
 New Orleans, rid G. H. & S. A. Ry. 
 San Francisco, vid So. Pacific Ry. 
 New Orleans, rid Missouri Pacific Ry 
 El Paso, rid Missouri Pacific Ry. 
 El Paso, rid A. T. & S. F. R. R. 
 ...El Paso, rid G. H. & S. A. Ry.... 
 El Paso, rid So. Pacific Ry 
 
 Ar. 
 
 Lv. 
 
 2.30 
 2.15 
 2.30 
 2.50 
 7.0 
 7.0 
 5.50 
 7.15 
 G50 
 5.45 
 5.25 
 7.30 
 
 10.40 
 6.50 
 2.20 
 
 10.30 
 2.15 
 1.55 
 
 p.m. 
 p.m. 
 p.m. 
 p.m. 
 a.m. 
 a.m. 
 p.m. 
 a.m. 
 a.m. 
 p.m. 
 p.m. 
 a.m. 
 a.m. 
 p.m. 
 a.m. 
 a.m. 
 a.m. 
 a.m. 
 
 BETWEEN 
 
 EL PASO AND THE CITY OF MEXICO 
 
 Express 
 No. 52. 
 
 7.30 
 
 8.05 
 
 8.35 
 
 9.05 
 
 9.40 
 
 10.00 
 
 10.35 
 
 11.22 
 
 12.08 
 
 12.31 
 
 1.01 
 
 1.30 
 
 1.65 
 
 2.46 
 
 3.23 
 
 4.00 
 
 4.25 
 
 4.50 
 
 5.25 
 
 5.47 
 
 6.15 
 
 6.55 
 
 7.20 
 
 p.m. 
 p.m. 
 p.m. 
 p.m. 
 p.m. 
 p.m. 
 p.m. 
 ID.m, 
 a.m. 
 a.m. 
 a.m. 
 a.m. 
 a.m. 
 a.m. 
 a.m. 
 a.m. 
 a.m. 
 a.m. 
 a.m. 
 a.m. 
 a.m. 
 a.m. 
 a.m. 
 
 Kilo- 
 met'rs 
 
 .0 
 
 17.6 
 
 32.0 
 
 48.1 
 
 66.3 
 
 77.1 
 
 95.0 
 
 119.1 
 
 141.9 
 
 153.2 
 
 166.7 
 
 179.7 
 
 195.2 
 
 224.1 
 
 244.4 
 
 264.8 
 
 278.2 
 
 292.1 
 
 311.9 
 
 323.6 
 
 338.7 
 
 361.6 
 
 City of Mexico Time. 
 
 Lv.*Paso del NorteAr 
 
 Mesa Itr 
 
 Tierra Blanca 
 Samalayuca 
 Los M^clanos 
 ... Candelaria.. 
 . . . Rancherf a . . 
 ... Snn Jose .. 
 . . . Carmen . . 
 Ojo Caliente 
 ... Las Minas.. 
 Montezuma 
 ... Chivatito .. 
 
 Gallego 
 
 Puerto 
 
 ... Laguna .. 
 
 Agua Nueva 
 
 ... Encinillas .. 
 
 Sauz 
 
 ,, ... Torreon .. 
 Lv. Socramento 
 A . 1 *Chihua. < Lv. 
 Lv.j hua ... (.Ar. 
 
 91 
 9> 
 >> 
 J» 
 f> 
 >> 
 >> 
 l> 
 II 
 l> 
 >l 
 >« 
 It 
 II 
 II 
 II 
 II 
 II 
 
 Miles. 
 
 .0 
 
 10.9 
 
 19.9 
 
 29.9 
 
 41.2 
 
 47.9 
 
 59.0 
 
 74.0 
 
 88.2 
 
 95.2 
 
 103.6 
 
 111.8 
 
 121.3 
 
 139.3 
 
 151.9 
 
 164.5 
 
 172.9 
 
 181.6 
 
 193.8 
 
 201.1 
 
 210.5 
 
 224.9 
 
 Express 
 No. 51. 
 
 7.15 
 
 6.42 
 
 6.14 
 
 5.43 
 
 5.09 
 
 4.47 
 
 4.13 
 
 3.26 
 
 2.43 
 
 2.22 
 
 1.55 
 
 1.30 
 
 1.05 
 
 12.15 
 
 11.35 
 
 10.55 
 
 10.29 
 
 10.04 
 
 9.25 
 
 9.04 
 
 8.34 
 
 7.50 
 
 7.20 
 
 a.m. 
 a.m. 
 a.m. 
 a.m. 
 a.m. 
 a.m. 
 a.m. 
 a.m. 
 a.m. 
 a.m. 
 a.m. 
 a.m. 
 a.m. 
 a.m. 
 p.m. 
 p.m. 
 p.m. 
 p.m. 
 p.m. 
 p.m. 
 p.m. 
 p.m. 
 p.m. 
 
 > 
 
BRADSHAW S MEXICO. 
 
 237 
 
 ExprcHS 
 No. 51. 
 
 Kilo 
 inet'rs 
 
 7.15 p.m 
 8.30 p.m 
 8.54 p.m 
 9.30 p.m 
 10.57 p.m 
 
 7.52 a.m. 
 
 8.23 a.m. 
 
 8.53 a.m. 
 
 9.30 a.m. 
 9.40 a.m. 
 
 10.02 a.m. 
 10.24 a.m. 
 10.52 a.m. 
 11.20 a.m. 
 11.44 a.m. 
 12.12 p.m. 
 12.41 p.m. 
 
 1.10 p.m. 
 
 1.35 p.m. 
 
 1.57 p.m. 
 
 2.25 p.m. 
 
 2.57 p.m. 
 
 3.24 p.m. 
 3.45 p.m. 
 4.10 p.m. 
 4.34 p.m. 
 5.05 p.m. 
 5 33 p.m 
 6.05 p.m. 
 
 6.31 p m. 
 6.55 p.m. 
 
 7.15 p.m. 
 7.45 p.m. 
 8.20 p.m. 
 8.50 p.m. 
 
 9.25 p.m. 
 9.53 p.m. 
 
 10.40 p.m. 
 11.18 p.m. 
 12.05 a.m. 
 12.50 a.m. 
 
 1.37 a.m. 
 
 2.17 a.m. 
 
 2.55 a.m. 
 
 3.30 a.m. 
 
 4.16 a.m. 
 4.55 a.m. 
 6.20 a.m. 
 6.01 a.m. 
 6.30 a.m. 
 6.57 a.m. 
 7.50 a.m. 
 8.15 a.m. 
 9.25 a.m. 
 9.53 a.m. 
 
 10.30 a.m. 
 11.45 a.m. 
 
 3*4.7 
 407.1 
 424.5 
 448.8 
 456.1 
 472.2 
 487.8 
 508.2 
 524.2 
 539.9 
 559.1 
 677.9 
 
 597.0 
 
 City or Mexico Time. 
 
 Lv Mapiila Lv. 
 
 . Horcusitas. 
 
 . liachimba . 
 
 .... Ortiz .... 
 
 Las Delicias 
 ,, ... Saucillo . 
 
 Lv Concho.... 
 
 Ar La Cruz Lv 
 
 Lv. Santa Rosalia Ar. 
 „ ...Bustamante... ,, 
 
 M tJiaz » 
 
 Lv. LaReforma...Ar. 
 
 
 ft 
 >i 
 »» 
 
 tt 
 ft 
 
 11.46 p.m. 12.20 p.m. 
 
 1 IK o »« ' 1-15 p.m. 
 1.15a.m.| 140 p.m. 
 
 1.55 a.m. I 2.10 pm. 
 
 611.7 
 631.2 
 652.5 
 670.5 
 685.1 
 703.6 
 722.5 
 745.9 
 767.4 
 791.4 
 811.4 
 
 829.1 
 
 850.7 
 
 875.9 
 
 890 
 
 904.6 
 
 920.0 
 
 94:3.9 
 
 965.0 
 
 989.0 
 
 1012.2 
 
 1034.1 
 
 1055.5 
 
 1075.2 
 
 1094.2 
 
 1120.0 
 
 1140.7 
 
 1154.2 
 
 1176.3 
 
 1191.3 
 
 1206.5 
 
 1234,5 
 
 1264.1 
 1274.0 
 1289.3 
 1325.8 
 
 1346.3 
 
 i 
 
 1384.9 
 1406.4 
 
 Ar.> 
 Lv. S 
 
 It • •• 
 It ■•• 
 >» ••• 
 
 II 
 
 II 
 II 
 II 
 II 
 Lv 
 
 ♦Jimenez 
 
 Dolores 
 
 Corralitos 
 Rallano 
 Escalon 
 Zavalza 
 
 ... Saez ... 
 
 ... Yermo... 
 Conejos 
 Peronal 
 Mapimi 
 
 Noe 
 
 f Lv. 
 
 (.Ar 
 
 II 
 II 
 I* 
 II 
 II 
 II 
 II 
 II 
 II 
 
 Miles. 
 
 II 
 II 
 
 II 
 Lv. 
 Ar. 
 
 II 
 II 
 II 
 II 
 
 n 
 II 
 II 
 II 
 
 II 
 II 
 II 
 II 
 
 A-}....Lera„.:(t 
 
 .Matamoros 
 
 . Picartlias 
 
 .... Jalisco... 
 
 . Jimulco 
 
 ....Penilta „ 
 
 .... Calvo Ar. 
 
 .La Mancha...Lv. 
 Lv Symon Ar. 
 
 ..Sanlsidoro... 
 
 .. Crt macho ... 
 
 .. Gonzales ... 
 
 ....Guzman 
 
 .... Pacheco 
 
 .La Coku'ada.. 
 
 Ceclro 
 
 . . Canitas . . . 
 
 .. Gutierrez ... 
 Meudoza ... 
 Fresnillo 
 
 II • • ■ 
 Lv.... 
 Ar.... 
 Ar.> 
 Lv.3 
 
 "Calera 
 
 ■ • 11 
 
 ...Ar 
 
 ..Lv. 
 
 fLv 
 
 (Ar. 
 
 II 
 II 
 »i 
 II 
 
 Zacatecas 
 
 Guadalupe 
 
 Summit 
 
 Soledad 
 
 T„ CRinconde^ ._ 
 
 I^^- [ Romos j ^^ 
 
 *Aguas I Lv 
 
 Calientes ( Ar 
 
 Penuelas ... ,, 
 
 Ar. C 
 Lv.l 
 
 Express 
 No. 51. 
 
 263.8 
 
 278.9 
 
 283.4 
 
 293.4 
 
 303.1 
 
 315.8; 
 
 325.7| 
 
 335.5 
 
 347.4 
 
 359.1 j 
 
 371.0' 
 
 239.0 6.48 p.m.. 
 
 253.0 6.18 p.m.j. 
 5.48 p.m.L 
 5.10 p.m.' 
 5.(K)p.m.l. 
 4.38 p.m.!. 
 4.17 p.m. 
 3.48 p.m. 
 3.20 p.m. 
 2.59 p.m. 
 2.31 p.m. 
 2.04 p.m. 
 1.35 p.m. 
 1.10 p.m. 
 
 380.1 12.-48 p.m. I 
 
 392.2 12.20 p.m. 
 405.5 11.48 a.m.l 
 416.7 11.22 a.m.l 
 425.7 ll.(H) a.m. 
 437.210.35 a.m.! 
 4^18.910.11 a.m.! 
 463.5; 9.40 a.m. 
 
 9.12 a.m. 
 8.40 a.m. 
 8.15 a.m. 
 7.50 a.m. 
 7.30 a.m. 
 
 7.00 a.m. 
 6.22 a.m. 
 
 6.01 a.m. 
 5.'10 a.m. 
 5.10 a.m. 
 4.27 a.m. 
 3.47 a.m. 
 
 3.02 a.m.! 
 2.20 a.m.! 
 1.37 a.m.l 
 
 655.9 12.58 a m. 
 668.112.20 a.m. 
 680.011.40 p.m. 
 695.9 10.53 p.m. 
 
 708.8 10.15 p.m. 
 
 717.2 9.50 p.m.!. 
 
 730.9 9.10 p.m.'. 
 
 740.3 8.4^Jp.m.!. 
 8.15 p.m.], 
 7.25 p.m. I 
 7.05 p.m.l 
 5.55 p.m, 
 5.27 p.m 
 4.50 p.m 
 3.35 p.m 
 
 476.9 
 491.8 
 504.2: 
 
 515.2| 
 
 528,61 
 544,3 i 
 553.2! 
 562.1 1 
 571.71 
 586. 6 1 
 599.6! 
 614.6! 
 629.0; 
 642.6: 
 
 749.7: 
 
 767.1 1 
 
 785,5| 
 791 ,6 
 801.r 
 823.8 
 
 836.5 
 
 860.5 
 
 7,00 a.m. 
 5.50 a.m. 
 5,20 a.m. 
 4.42 a.m. 
 3.16 a.m 
 
 3.00 p.m. 
 
 2.05 p.m. 
 1.40 p.m. 
 873.0- 1.10 p.m. 
 
 2,33 a,m. 
 
 1.15 a.m. 
 12.35 a.m. 
 
,»r 
 
 'lii; 
 
 
 238 
 
 BRADSHAW S MEXICO. 
 
 
 I 
 
 Ih ' , 
 
 <■ '^- 
 
 Kr 
 
 
 •i 
 
 •I 
 
 t 
 
 I. 
 
 
 ?! „i ill 
 
 jl 1 
 
 iliilh 
 
 'Hi 
 
 
 '11 
 
 1 
 
 ill 
 
 Express 
 No. 52. 
 
 2.55 n.iTi. 
 3.28 H.ra. 
 4.18 a.m. 
 5.(X) a.m. 
 5.20 a.m. 
 5.42 a.m 
 G.07 a.m. 
 
 6.31 a.m. 
 6.53 a.m. 
 7.25 a.m. 
 7.45 a.m 
 8.05 a.m 
 
 8.32 a.m 
 *i.48a.m 
 9.0G a.m. 
 9.15 a.m 
 
 10.15 a.m. 
 I0..'j8 a.m. 
 11.02 a.m. 
 11.33 a.m. 
 11.4-3 a.m 
 12.35 p.m 
 
 1.20 p.m. 
 1.40 p.m. 
 
 2.33 p.m. 
 2.50 p.m. 
 
 3.21 p.m. 
 3.38 p.m. 
 3.58 ]).m. 
 4.05 p.m. 
 4.17 i).m. 
 5.00 p.m. 
 5.30 p.m. 
 0.10 p.m. 
 fi.30 p.m. 
 6.50 p.m. 
 7.05 p.m. 
 7.20 p.m. 
 7.30 p.m. 
 7.35 p.m. 
 7.42 p.m. 
 7.55 p.m. 
 
 Kilo- 
 niet'rs 
 
 3.02 p.m. 
 3.35 pm. 
 
 4.23 p.m. I 
 
 5.05 p.m.] 
 
 6.24 p.m. 
 5.4.3 p.m. 
 
 6.06 p.m. 
 6.27 p.m. 
 6 46 p.m. 
 7.12 p.m. 
 7.32 p.m. 
 7.55 p.m. 
 8.22 p.m. 
 8.38 p.m. 
 8.58 p.m. 
 9.35 p.m. 
 
 10.07 p.m. 
 10.30 p.m. 
 10.55 p.m. 
 11 25 p.m. 
 11.35 p.m. 
 12.26 a.m. 
 
 1.25 a.m 
 
 2.35 
 3.00 
 3.32 
 3.50 
 4.11 
 4.18 
 4.32 
 5.18 
 5.50 
 6.33 
 7.00 
 7.20 
 7.35 
 7.45 
 7.55 
 8.00 
 8.09 
 8.25 
 
 CiTT OP Mkxico Time. 
 
 1432.8 Lv. 
 
 1419.5 
 
 1474.2 
 
 1495.1 
 
 1508.7 
 
 1522.4 
 
 1537.8 
 
 1554.2 
 
 1568.0 
 
 a.m 
 a.m 
 a.m, 
 a.m 
 a.m 
 a.m 
 a.m, 
 a.m, 
 a.m, 
 a.m, 
 a.m, 
 a.m, 
 a.m, 
 a.m, 
 a.m, 
 a.m, 
 a.m, 
 a.m, 
 
 >• 
 •> 
 •I 
 
 1587.4 
 
 1600.6 
 1617.2 
 1626.4 
 1637.5 
 1&59.9 
 1678.3 
 1691.5 
 17»X).0 
 1724.5 
 1729.0 
 1753.9 
 
 1779.4 
 
 >» • 
 Lv. 
 Ar. 
 Lv. 
 
 >» ■ 
 
 >» ■ 
 
 >f ' 
 
 i> 
 
 »» 
 
 »» 
 
 >» 
 
 i« 
 
 >> 
 
 »» 
 
 Lv. 
 Ar. 
 Lv. 
 
 • »» 
 
 • »» 
 
 • >» 
 
 • »» 
 
 • >» 
 
 • »» 
 Ar, 
 Lv. 
 Ar. 
 
 1808.9 
 
 1818.1 
 
 1832.1 
 
 1840.1 
 
 1848.4 
 
 1851.3 
 
 1857.3 
 
 1876.3 
 
 1890.0 
 
 1907.6 
 
 1917.5 
 
 1923.5 
 
 1934.0 
 
 1&12.3 
 
 19i9.1 
 
 1952.0 
 
 19o8.3;Lv. 
 
 1970.0Ar 
 
 >» 
 >> 
 >i 
 >> 
 II 
 j» 
 II 
 If 
 II 
 II 
 II 
 II 
 II 
 II 
 II 
 II 
 
 Encamacion 
 Santa Maria 
 
 .. Los Salt! 8 ., 
 
 Lagos 
 
 Loma 
 
 Pedrito 
 
 .. Francisco . 
 
 Leon 
 
 .. Trinidad . 
 
 j *Silao [ 
 
 .. Villalobos . 
 .. Irapuato . 
 
 Chico .... 
 
 .. Salamanca, 
 
 Guajo .... 
 
 Celaya.... 
 
 Ai)aseo.... 
 
 ,.. Mariscala . 
 ... Qner6taro . 
 ... Hercules . 
 ... Ahorcado . 
 
 f*S«n Jnnn > Lv 
 I del Rio i Ar 
 ... Cazadero ... ,, 
 ... Polotitlnn ... „ 
 
 Dafiu ,, 
 
 Nopala ,, 
 
 ... Marfjuez . 
 
 Lena .... 
 
 , . . Anf^eles . 
 
 San Antonio 
 
 Tula 
 
 .. El Salto . 
 
 Nochistongo 
 
 Huehiietoca 
 
 Teoloyucan 
 ...Cuaixtitlan . 
 ... Lecheria . 
 ,.. Barrientos . 
 
 Tlalnepantla Ar 
 Mexico Lv 
 
 MileH, 
 
 KxpreHs 
 No. 51. 
 
 890.3 12, 
 900.711 
 
 9i6.o;io 
 
 929.0,10 
 
 Ar, 
 
 II 
 II 
 II 
 II 
 II 
 II 
 II 
 II 
 II 
 II 
 II 
 
 n 
 
 9.37.4 
 916.0 
 955.6 
 9<55.7 
 974.3 
 
 986.4 
 
 994.' 
 1(H)4.9 
 1010.6 
 
 017.5 
 1031.4 
 1042.8 
 1051.0 
 10<0.1 
 1071.5 
 1074.3 
 10S9.8 
 
 18 pm. 11 
 ,41 a.m. 11 
 ..55 a.m. 10 
 .13 a.m. 9 
 55 a.m. 
 36 a.m.' 
 .14 a.m. I 
 51 a.m. I 
 .32 a.m. 
 
 ,05 a.m 
 
 45 a.m.! 
 25 a.m.! 
 .02 a.m. I 
 i..50 a.m.! 
 .33 a.m.' 
 02 a.m. I 
 .35 a.m. 
 .17 a.m.' 
 ,57 a.m. 
 ,30 a.m. 
 .20 a.m. 
 .30 a.m. 
 
 1105.7 2.50 a.m, 
 
 1124.o! 1 
 
 1129.7i 1 
 
 1138.412 
 
 1143.412 
 
 1148.5:12 
 
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 11.54.li]2 
 
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 Train 
 No. 14. 
 
 6. 10 p.m. 
 
 5.15 p.m. 
 
 Street 
 
 Tiain 
 No. 12. 
 
 Kilo- 
 met'rs. 
 
 Miles. 
 
 Train 
 No. 11. 
 
 7.26 a.m. 
 6.40 a.m. 
 Cars. 
 
 0.0;Ar *SiIao Lv.i 0.0 8.10 a.m. 
 
 19.0' Ar Marfd Lv.| 11 .8 8.55 a.m. 
 
 24.0 Lv GuanairatoAr.l 14.9| Street 
 
 Train 
 No. 13. 
 
 7.20 p.m. 
 8.00 p.m. 
 Cars. 
 
 ♦ Trains stop for Meals. All trains run daily. 
 
 Standard of time is City of Mexico, vrhich is 24 mlautes fast of " Moun- 
 tain" time and 36 minutes slow of "Central" time, the standard time used 
 by connecting roads at El Paso. 
 
BRADSIIAW S MKXICO. 
 
 2o9 
 
 
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 No. 13. 
 
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 8.00 p. m. 
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 DliADSUAW S MEXICO. 
 
 FUIiliMAN PALACE SLEEPING CAR RATES. 
 
 |i 
 
 I / 
 
 i! ^^' 
 
 EL PASO, 
 
 TEXAS TO 
 
 DOl'BtE 
 UEBTII. 
 
 SECTIOW. 
 
 
 
 $ 
 
 $ 
 
 Chihuahaa 
 
 
 2.00 
 
 4.00 
 
 Santa Kosalia 
 
 
 2.50 
 
 5.00 
 
 Lordo ... 
 
 
 4.00 
 
 8.00 
 
 Zacatecas 
 
 
 6.00 
 
 12.00 
 
 Aguas Caliente3 
 
 
 6.50 
 
 13.00 
 
 Looii ... 
 
 
 7.00 
 
 14.00 
 
 Queretaro 
 
 ••• ••• ••• ••• 
 
 8.00 
 
 16.00 
 
 City of Mexico 
 
 
 
 9.00 
 
 18.00 
 
 ELEVATIONS ABOVE THE SEA-LEVEL. 
 
 METERS. 
 
 8T.VTIOXS. 
 
 FEEI. 
 
 1133.06 
 
 Paso del Norte 
 
 3717.40 
 
 1060.67 
 
 Gallego 
 
 5448.40 
 
 1412.26 
 1226.03 
 
 Chihuahua 
 
 Santa Rosalia 
 
 4633.40 
 4022.40 
 
 1381.17 
 
 Jimenez 
 
 4531.40 ' 
 
 1135.50 
 1267.18 
 2149.80 
 2452.60 
 
 Lerdo 
 
 Jimulco 
 
 Calera 
 
 Zacatecas 
 
 3725.40 
 4157.40 
 7051.30 
 8044.50 
 
 1884.00 
 
 Aguas Calientes 
 
 617y.50 
 
 1870.30 
 1787.69 
 
 Lagos 
 
 Leon 
 
 6134.50 
 5863.60 
 
 1800.15 
 1904.00 
 
 Queretaro 
 
 Sau Juan del Rio 
 
 5904.50 
 6245.10 
 
 2232.85 
 2479.49 
 
 Cazadero 
 
 Marquez 
 
 7323.70 
 8132.70 
 
 2030.00 
 2258.50 
 2240.00 
 
 Tula 
 
 Huehuetoca 
 
 Mexico 
 
 6658.40 
 7407.90 
 7349-80 
 
 [ • 7 'i 
 
ACAMCARO — AGUAS CALIENTES. 
 
 241 
 
 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS. 
 
 $ 
 
 4.00 
 5.00 
 8.00 
 12.00 
 13.00 
 14.00 
 IG.OO 
 18.00 
 
 Acambaro.— State of Michoa- 
 can de Ocampo ; 8,000 in- 
 habitants; 6,100 feet above the 
 sea ; a station of the Mexican 
 National Railway. 
 
 Hoteln: Nacional, near the 
 Plaza. 
 
 A small but thriving town, 
 with a future as soon as the 
 railways are completed. The 
 surrounding country is poorly 
 cultivated, though the ground is 
 fertile. Lake Cuitzeo, affording 
 good fishing, is a few miles south- 
 west of the town, and contains 
 some small islands. The town 
 lies in abroad plain, is regularly 
 built, but has nothing to interest 
 the traveller. The journey 
 hither affords, however, a good 
 opportunity of studying the 
 agricultural and mineral re- 
 sources of this region. 
 
 Acapulco. — State of Guerrero, 
 port of entry on the Pacific. 
 12,320 inhabitants. A station of 
 the Morelos Railway, building. 
 
 Hotels : Several good inns. 
 
 This harbour is the finest in 
 Mexico, and the position of the 
 town on the large bay is incom- 
 parable. The town lies on a 
 narrow strip of land, not half -a 
 mile in width, and having but 
 little soil. Great expectations 
 are formed from the connection 
 by railway with the capital. 
 Thirty years ago it was only an 
 agglomeration of huts, but it is 
 
 now a fine town. The climate 
 is very hot and unhealthy. The 
 fort San Carlos is interesting. 
 The river Zacatula, close to 
 which it stands, can be forded in 
 the dry season ; but rafts are 
 used in summer and during the 
 heavy rains. Fruit and hide.-j 
 are the chief articles of export ; 
 coals the chief import. The 
 artificial cutting in the moun- 
 tains (Abra de San Nicolas) 
 made to admit the sea-breeze to 
 the town, is th':" only object of 
 interest. The mercury mine of 
 Huitzuco is near Acapalco. The 
 scenery around is very pic- 
 turesque. 
 
 Aguas Calientes.- Capital of 
 State of same name; 35,000 in- 
 habitants ; 0,301 feet above the 
 sea ; a station of the Mexican 
 Central Railway. 
 
 Hotels : Diligencias, de la 
 Plaza, Nacional, and several 
 small inns. 
 
 Conveyances : Tramways (fare 
 medio 0^ cents. 
 
 Bath : On the Alameda or 
 Park. 
 
 Banker: G. R. Brand. 
 
 Medical : Dr. Calera, Dr. 
 Muiloz, Dr. Marin. 
 
 Aguas Calientes is a regularly- 
 built town in a barren district, 
 with numerous hot mineral 
 springs, ranging from 90 to 105 
 degrees Fahr. These have given 
 
\V 
 
 I* I 
 
 I 
 
 f 
 
 ij. 
 
 I 
 
 
 iiiii 
 
 :. ' 
 
 
 Iiii 
 
 1 1 1 
 
 
 
 
 242 
 
 HUADSHAW S MKXICO. 
 
 tho town it3 namo. It has eleven 
 Hciuures. Tho chief industry of 
 the inhii}>itants is the nianu- 
 fiicture of woollen j^oods. A 
 larj^e fair is held hero at Christ- 
 mas. The chief objects worthy 
 of notice are the Plaza de 
 Armas, the cathedral, tho Ala- 
 meda, and the Paseo, the latter 
 one of tho finest parks in the 
 country. Interesting ruins of 
 Indian architecture are found at 
 La Quemada. An area of ahout 
 six acres is inclosed by a wall, 
 forming a kind of fort. The 
 buildings in«ide this wall — like 
 most of tho Mexican ruins —are 
 pyramidal in shape, and are 
 fairly well preserved. They are 
 attributed to the Aztecs. Some 
 chambers inside the building are 
 still intact. 
 
 Amecameca. — State of Mexico ; 
 about 10,000 inhabitants ; 8,200 
 feet above tho sea ; a station of 
 the Morclos Railway Company. 
 
 Hotels : Ferrocarril at the 
 station, and Diligeucias on the 
 Plaza. 
 
 This town disputes with To- 
 luca the honour of being the 
 highest inhabited place in the 
 liepublic. The town is regularly 
 built, but contains little of in- 
 terest. The traveller will pro- 
 bably visit it solely for the pur- 
 pose of ascending the volcano 
 Popocatepetl, the highest moun- 
 tain in North America. The 
 journey up and down requires 
 two days, though it may be 
 accomplished in one day and a 
 balf from the capital, via Ame- 
 cameca ; but if possible, this 
 
 • should not be attempted. There 
 is a ranch at Tlamacas, the pro- 
 
 . perty of General Ochoa. Guides, 
 horses, rugs, provisions, may be 
 obtained at Amecameca ; but if 
 the traveller is pressed for time 
 it is better to pi'ocure them at 
 
 tho capital before setting out. 
 One guide to each person should 
 be the rule, and a mozo to mind 
 the horses while climbing the 
 upper portion. The fee for each 
 guide is 5 dols., and for a mozo 
 8 dols. for the trip. Six hours 
 are required from tho ranch at 
 Tlamacas to reach the crater, 
 which is about 500 yards in dia- 
 meter and 150 yards in depth . The 
 upper i)art of tho mountain is 
 covered with ice and snow, and 
 is really a glacier. The view 
 from the top is very fine, and 
 extends an immense distance. 
 It should be reached before 10 
 a.m. as after that hour tho peak 
 is generally covered with clouds, 
 and the view obscured. 
 
 The Sacromonto on the western 
 side of the town of Amecameca 
 is also an object of attraction. 
 The chapel on the summit is one 
 of the most celebrated shrines in 
 the Republic. The hill rises 
 about 300 feet above the jjlain. 
 On the paved way leading to tho 
 summit are tho " fourteen 
 stations' ' of the Cross. 
 
 Amozoc. — State of Puebla; 
 5,043 inhabitants. 
 
 Hoids : A very inferior inn. 
 
 This place is mentioned only 
 as the chief seat of the steel and 
 iron industry. The articles 
 manufactured hero are sought 
 after throughout the whole 
 Republic. 
 
 Apam. — State of Hildago, on 
 the lake of same name ; 7)628 
 inhabitants. 
 
 It contains only a small inn. 
 
 The place is a mere village, 
 and is known cbiefly for its ex- 
 tensive maguey plantations. 
 From these the best pulque 
 is exported to the Capital and 
 elsewhere. Otherwise there is 
 nothing of interest to the 
 traveller. 
 
 i|i 
 
setting out. 
 jrson should 
 ozo to inind 
 limbing the 
 fee for each 
 for a mozo 
 
 Six houvH 
 be ranch at 
 the crater, 
 'arda in dia- 
 1 depth. The 
 nountain in 
 I snow, and 
 The view 
 y fine, and 
 e distance, 
 d before 10 
 )ur the peak 
 with clouds, 
 3d. 
 
 the western 
 Amecaineca 
 f attraction, 
 immit is one 
 ed shrines in 
 iG hill rises 
 e the plain, 
 ading to the 
 
 "fourteen 
 ss. 
 
 ►f Puebla ; 
 
 Ferior inn. 
 
 bioned only 
 le steel and 
 le articles 
 
 I are sought 
 
 the whole 
 
 jildago, on 
 ime ; 7,628 
 
 Imall inn. 
 *re village, 
 for its ex- 
 klantations. 
 Ut pulque 
 Capital and 
 36 there is 
 to the 
 
 AMKCAMECA — CATORCE. 
 
 24:^> 
 
 Ario.— State of Michoaean ; 3,000 
 inhabitants ; 0,350 feet above 
 the sea level. 
 
 Hotels : Fonda de la Ik'lla 
 Union, Meson de Ocampo, and 
 throe smaller inns. 
 
 Thii? town is best reached on 
 horseback from Patzcuaro. It 
 is irregularly built, and not par- 
 ticularly clean. The inhabitants 
 are noted for their politenoas 
 and hospitality to strangers. The 
 country round is very fertile, 
 and contains many superior farms 
 of great extent. Fine horses and 
 good cattle are bred here. A 
 few hours journey brings the 
 tourist into the tropical country. 
 A good wagon road would make 
 the country very prosperous. 
 The climate is healthy. 
 
 The town has little to interest, 
 but the traveller should not miss 
 visiting the Alameda just before 
 sunset. Tlio view from it is 
 very oxt ousive and extremely 
 beautii'ul. 
 
 Travellers intending to visit 
 the surrounding country or the 
 volcano of Jorullo should pro- 
 cure letters of introduction to 
 residents in the different villages, 
 as there is no hotel accommo- 
 dation. On being asked, the 
 ])refect of police will send an 
 escort of soldiers to Jorullo, or 
 any other place. The charge is 
 nothing, but a gratuity may be 
 given to the sergeant. Excursions 
 may also be mide to Uruapan 
 and Tacambaro. 
 
 Arispe.— State of Sonora; 3,000 
 inhabitants ; a station of the 
 Sonora Railway. 
 
 Hotels : Diligencias. 
 
 Situated in a picturesque valley, 
 in which are several important 
 villages of the Opata Indians. 
 Two crops of wheat are produced 
 here annually by means of irri- 
 
 gation. There is a Cathedral, 
 and the Alameda or park is very 
 fine. It was formerly the 
 Capital of State of Sonora. 
 
 Campeche, or San Francisco 
 de Canii)ec'lie. — Capital ot the 
 State of CamjH'che ; the old 
 Kimpach ; 15,11)0 inhabitants. 
 
 Hot els: liidalgo. 
 
 Campeebe is the most im- 
 portant seaport in this part of 
 Mexico. Vessels anchor a})out 
 five miles froin the shore. Pas- 
 sengers, mails, and cargo are 
 transferred to a tender. 'Jjie 
 port, however, is not sate. The 
 town and citadel are charmingly 
 beautiful when seen from the sea. 
 There is little of interest for the 
 traveller in the town. It is built 
 over subterranean vaults, said to 
 have been constructed by the 
 ancient Indians. Drinking- 
 water is brought to the town by 
 means of an atiueduct. There 
 is a naval school, and vessels are 
 built here. The commercial 
 interests of Campeche were 
 formerly of some importance. 
 
 Catoroe, or Mineral de Catorce. — 
 State of San Luis Potosi ; 17,800 
 inhabitants ; 8,300 feet above the 
 sea-level ; railway station of the 
 Mexican National line. 
 
 Hotels : A small inn. 
 
 This town stands on very 
 irregular ground, and was named 
 after a band of 14 robbers, who 
 were the terror ot the neighbour- 
 hood for many years. The deep 
 mountain gorges are everywhere 
 bridged over. Close by are the 
 celebrated mines, and behind it 
 are barren mountains. Catorce 
 is one of the richest silver-pro- 
 ducing districts in Mexico. It 
 was discovered in 1773, and since 
 then the yield has annually been 
 about 4 million dollars ; it lias 
 
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 I I. 
 
 1): 
 
 u 
 
 h 
 
 i 
 
 
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 ■II I 
 
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 i« I 
 
 !i 
 
 If I i 
 
 i0.H 
 
 244 
 
 BRADSIIAW S MEXICO. 
 
 now dwindled down to about one 
 million. The town is abundantly 
 provided with all necessaries of 
 life ; most of the mines round 
 are owned by Spaniards and 
 Enj?lishmen. There was a mint 
 here during the French invasion. 
 Latterly these mines have been 
 paying somewhat better. 
 
 Cedral. — State of San Luis 
 Potosi ; 4,000 inhabitants ; a 
 station on the Mexican National 
 railway. 
 
 Hotels: Diligencias and an- 
 other. 
 
 An irregularly-built place, in a 
 district barren for want of irri- 
 gation. Several smelting works 
 are in th's place, and the ores 
 coming from Catorce have to be 
 roasted then crushed and amal- 
 gamated, as they contain sul- 
 phur. The mountain El Fraile, 
 near the town, may be ascended. 
 Near El Salado— 27 miles dis- 
 dant — is one of largest haciendas 
 in the Republic, extending into 
 four states ; 8,000 horses and 
 3,000 cattle roam over the pasture 
 lands, while wells and tanks pro- 
 vide water for irrigation. 
 
 Celaya. — State of Guanaiuato ; 
 28,336 inhabitants ; 5,500 feet 
 above the sea ; station of the 
 Mexican National Railway. 
 
 Hotels : Ferrocarril, Cortazar, 
 Diligencias. 
 
 This place consists of the town 
 proper, with several suburbs, 
 inhabited by Otomite Indians. 
 On the Plaza Mayor standy the 
 great pile of buildings forming 
 the Franciscan Monastery, the 
 tower of which is considered the 
 highest in the Republic. There 
 are several important cotton and 
 woollen manufactories h' re. 
 Four of the other convents are 
 
 worth visiting. The churches of 
 San Francisco and El Carmen 
 are also deserving of notice. 
 
 Chiapa de los Indies.— The 
 
 largest town in the State of 
 Chiapas ; 12,459 inhabitants. 
 
 An inn with very indifferent 
 accommodation. 
 
 The town is situated on the 
 Tabasquillo, and exj5orts dye- 
 woods, timber and cochineal, but 
 otherwise is of no importance. 
 The inhabitants are mostly 
 IndJ: ns, and speak Tzendal, 
 whicii is similar to the Maya 
 language. 
 
 Chihuahua. — Capital of the 
 State of the same name : 17,500 
 inhabitants ; 4,090 feet above the 
 sea level ; a station of the Mexi- 
 can Central Railway. 
 
 Hotels : Amei'ican and Na- 
 cional. 
 
 Telegraph and Post Office : On 
 the Plaza Mayor. 
 
 Baths : On the upper alameda. 
 Bankers : Mac Manus & Son. 
 Medical : Dr. Echeverria, Dr. 
 J. Munoz. 
 
 This thriving town has a pros- 
 perous future in store. It is 
 situated in a broad plain. Many 
 foreigners (chiefly citizens of the 
 UniteJ- v^tates) are settled here. 
 It was founded in the 17th cen- 
 tur3' by some adventurers, to work 
 the silver mines in the vicinity. 
 After the War of Independence 
 it fell somewhat into decay ; but 
 since the v orking of the Mexican 
 Central Railway it has received a 
 new impetus, and is increasing 
 rapidly in importance. 
 
 The town is regularly laid out, 
 with broad clean streets and 
 many important and handsome 
 buildings. The dwelling-I»ouses 
 }<re well constructed and roomy. 
 
CEDRAL — CHOLULA. 
 
 245 
 
 11 and Na- 
 
 increasmg 
 
 The whole town is a garden — 
 with roses and orange -groves 
 growing, as it were, in the wil- 
 derness. Fifteen miles to the 
 south are two isolated mountains, 
 ^vith tlie celebrated Santa Eulalia 
 silver mines. The superb cathe- 
 dral has a dome, and two towers 
 240 feet high. The smaller 
 churches are also handsome 
 buildings, especially those of 
 Guadalupe and San Felipe, and 
 also the College of the Jesuits— 
 where Hidalgo and AUc nde were 
 beheaded. The mint iS impor- 
 tant. A fine aqu'Hluct 4 miles 
 in length provides the drinking 
 water. There is also a bull-ring. 
 The palace, tribunal of justice, 
 the Alhondija, and the two 
 alaraedas are worth visiting. 
 
 Fruit, vegetables, cereals, &c., 
 grow in the districts around. 
 The grazing land in the State is 
 fine. The climate of the town is 
 healthy, the thermometer rang- 
 ing between 16 and 94degs. Fah. 
 May, June, and July are the 
 warmest months. The rainy 
 season sets in at the end of June, 
 and lasts till the middle of Octo- 
 ber. 
 
 Chilpancingo.— Capital of the 
 State of Guerrero; 3 800 inhabi- 
 tants ; Tt station on the Morelos 
 Railway. 
 Hotels : A small inn. 
 
 The town is of little interest, 
 and remarkable only as having 
 been the place in which the first 
 Mexican Congress of September 
 13th, 1813, was held, after the 
 cry ^'or Independence had been 
 raised by Hidalgo. 
 
 of Puebla ; 
 ; C,900 feet 
 
 Cholula. — State 
 8,973 inhabitants 
 above the sea. 
 
 Hotels : Those of Puebla. 
 Conveifances : Tramways — 
 Jledio real (G^ cts) ; fare to 
 
 Puebla, 25 cts. or one shilling ; 
 Carriages —50 cts. on weekdays, 
 and 75 cts. ou Sundays. 
 
 Now an insignificant place, 
 only noted for the piihine pro- 
 duced from its extensive maguey 
 plantations. In the times of 
 the Aztec empire, Cholula was a 
 very important town. At the 
 date of Cortez arrival there wero 
 over 400 temples here, 20,000 
 hooses, and above 150,000 in- 
 habitants. A church built by 
 Cortez contai'is some curious 
 historical paini ings. The town 
 also boasts a park. Cholula is 
 reached by tramway from Puob'a 
 in 25 minutes (faro, 1st class, 2^ 
 cts.), distance 7 niiles. Someof 
 the hotels contain pictures of 
 battles between Spaniards and 
 the natives during the conquest. 
 Eastward of the town is a huge 
 teocalli or pyramid, now almost 
 covered by vegetation. It has 
 four terraces, and on the summit 
 a chrrch. It is by far the largest, 
 oldest and most important teo- 
 calli in Mexico. Each sido 
 measures at the base 1,425 feet, 
 and is 1/7 feet high ; it covers a 
 space of over 45 acres. The sides 
 face the cardinal points of the 
 compass. The platform on tlio 
 summit measures 200 foot square ; 
 the ascent to it is by a staircase of 
 120 steps. The Catholic church 
 on the top is in thu form of a 
 cross, surrounded by cypresses, 
 and has two towers and a cupola. 
 It was built by the Spanish 
 conquerers. The view from the 
 top of the pyramid is very fine. 
 The interior of the church ha» 
 some frescoes and jther decora- 
 tions. It is supposed that its 
 ancient builders were fire and 
 serpent worshippers, the former 
 because it is built near the smok- 
 ing mountain Popocatepetl , and 
 the latterfrora some hieroglyphics 
 which have been discovered. 
 The great temple of Cholula has 
 
f ir 
 
 
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 i ; 
 
 1 ^ 
 
 ■1 
 
 20,6 
 
 [mADSTIAW S MEXICO. 
 
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 ,J <■: 
 
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 been partially destroyed by a 
 cutting which has been made 
 through it for the line of 
 Railway. 
 
 Oinaloa, or Sinaloa. — State of 
 Sinaloa; 15,330 inhabitants. 
 Hotels : Diligenoias. 
 
 This town, romantically situ- 
 ated on hills on the Kio Cinaloa, 
 was formerly the busiest town of 
 the State ; now its business 
 is chiefly in agriculture and 
 cattle raising, to which the 
 fertile plain surrounding it is 
 well suited. The town has little 
 of interest. 
 
 Ciudad de las Casas, or San 
 
 Cristobal and Ciudadreal. — 
 Capital of State of Chiapas ; 
 8,500 inhabitants. 
 
 It possesses a small inn. 
 
 A town on the Chiapas Kiver of 
 hardly any interest. It is taken 
 by tourists as a starting 
 point for the ruins of Palenque. 
 (See Palenque.) 
 
 C/Olima.— Capital of the State of 
 same name ; 32,000 inhabitants ; 
 1,400 feet above the sea ; a 
 station of the Mexican National 
 Railway to Manzanillo. 
 
 Hotels : Diligencias, and 
 several other small inns. 
 
 The town is irregularly built, 
 and has little to interest the 
 traveller. The surrounding 
 country is very fertile. The 
 coffee produced in this region is 
 among the best, and equals in 
 quality that of Mocclia. Cotton, 
 rice, sugar cane, and Indigo are 
 also cultivated. The town is 
 tutuated on the river of the same 
 name. The plaza is handsomely 
 ornamented with a row of colon- 
 nades. Some English, German, 
 and French settlers are to be 
 
 found here. The volcano — active 
 in January, 1880- is 11,000 feet 
 high, and lies in dangerous 
 proximity to the town . In winter 
 it is snowclad. There is other- 
 wise little to interest the tourist. 
 
 Cordoba.— In the State of Vera 
 Cruz Llave ; on the Mexican 
 Railway lino ; 60 miles from 
 Vera Cruz ; 11,302 inhabitants, 
 and about 2,800 feet above the 
 sea. 
 
 Hotels : A small inn. 
 
 Conveyances : Tramways. 
 
 This town, formerly one of 
 the wealthiest of Mexico, is now 
 in complete decay. It is about a 
 mile distant from the railway. 
 The surrounding country is very 
 fertile ; every variety of fruit 
 grows abunda,ntly, and in superior 
 quality, though the staple pro- 
 duce is coffee. The tmveller 
 should take the opportunity of 
 visiting one of the plantations. 
 The pine apple grows to perfection 
 here. The town has four churches, 
 but good drinking water is very 
 scarce. There are some very fine 
 specimens of the Palma real near 
 the principal square, standing over 
 150 feet high. Near the town 
 on the river Metlac, is a bridge 
 whence some very fine views are 
 obtained. Some Americans are 
 settled here in agricultural pur- 
 suits. The railway line beyond 
 the station of Cordoba passes 
 through some fine scenery, and 
 affords an example of very skilful 
 engineering. 
 
 Cuautla. — State of Morelos ; 
 14,000 inhabitants; 7,000 feet 
 above the sea j a station of the 
 Morelos Railway. 
 
 Hotels : Diligencias. 
 
 An irregularly - built town, 
 situated on some, thickly-wooded 
 
cano— active 
 3 11,000 feet 
 dangerous 
 n. In winter 
 ive is other- 
 t the tourist. 
 
 Itate of Vera 
 be Mexican 
 miles from 
 inhabitants, 
 it above the 
 
 nn. 
 
 .mways. 
 
 3rly one of 
 'xico, is no\v 
 It is about a 
 :hc railway, 
 mtry is very 
 ty of fruit 
 id in superior 
 staple pro- 
 be ti-aveller 
 jortunity of 
 plantations, 
 o perfection 
 |ur churches, 
 ater is very 
 Imo very fine 
 |na reol near 
 anding over 
 r the town 
 is a bridge 
 e views are 
 kericans are 
 iltural pur- 
 [ine beyond 
 )ba passes 
 fenery, and 
 rery skilful 
 
 Morelos ; 
 17,000 feet 
 Uon of the 
 
 lilt town, 
 ily-wooded 
 
 CIXALOA CULIACAX. 
 
 247 
 
 hills. The name is derived from 
 (^aauhtlij i.e.," delightful hills," 
 given it by its founders — the 
 Tlahuicos. The Spaniards con- 
 quered it in 1521. Thecathelral, 
 city hall, alameda, and several 
 minor churches, are interesting. 
 Near the town the railway bridge 
 of Ozumba is noteworthy — G18 
 feet long by 41 feet high. The 
 surrounding country is very fer- 
 tile, and the climate healthy. 
 
 Cuernavaca.— Capital of the 
 State of Morelos ; 5,380 feet 
 above the sea level ; 16,320 in- 
 habitants . Station of the Morelos 
 Railway. 
 
 Hotels : Del Fenix and San 
 Pedro. 
 
 Baths : Near the San Pedro 
 Hotel. 
 
 Called by the Tlahuicos — 
 Quauhuahuac, i.e., near the i 
 beautiful hills. It was taken by 
 the Spaniards in 1521. It is a i 
 favourite winter resort. The i 
 EmperorMaximilian'svilla is now \ 
 a school-house, Cortex' Palace is i 
 now the Court-house , having been j 
 rebuilt since the Declaration of I 
 Independence. Other objects of 
 interest are : the Borda Gardens 
 — now in ruins, but once very 
 beautiful — the church of Guada- 
 lupe, and the parochial church. 
 The Popocatepetl and Iztac- 
 cihuatl, covered in perpetual 
 snow — highest mountains in 
 Mexico — lie about 25 miles to 
 the east of the town. The town 
 is situated in a magnificent and 
 fertile valley, which produces 
 equally the fruits of the 
 tropical and temperate zone. 
 Eighteen miles from Cuernavaca 
 — on a rocky mountain — lies the 
 Xocliicalco, a temple or fortress, 
 now in ruins. The ruins are 
 about five miles in circumference; 
 there are five terraces faced with 
 stone; the building on the top 
 
 is 75 by 05 feet of hewn granite 
 and was used until recently 
 as a sugar refinery. Near the 
 village of Cacaliuamilpa, about 
 40 miles to the south of Cuerna- 
 vaca, is the Grotto. Thi-5 famous 
 cave, with its 15 "saloon.-;," is the 
 finest stalactite cavern in the 
 world. There is no hotel 
 accommodation, and visitors 
 do well to bring with them 
 blankets, provisions, etc., for 
 three days. The cavern has 
 never been fully explored. 
 Tasco, a town 54 miles distant, 
 should also be visited on account 
 of its silver mines — said to have 
 been worked before the Spanish 
 Conquest. 
 
 The village of Acopancingo — 
 formerly the seat of the head 
 cazique — about 1^ miles from 
 the town of Cuernavaca, is still 
 inhabited by Indians of pure 
 Mexican race. They preserve 
 their old Aztec language, man- 
 ners, and customs — except in 
 religion. They are wealthy, and 
 devoted to agriculture. There 
 v»as onc(" a good wagon -road, 
 which is now only practicable for 
 pedestrians and horsemen. 
 
 Cuernavaca is reached by dili- 
 gence, from the Capital, in i)^ 
 hours, running three times a. 
 week. 
 
 Culiacan.— Capital of State of 
 Sinaloa; 7,S7S inhabitants; IGO 
 feet above the sea level ; station 
 of the Sinaloa and Darango 
 Railway. 
 
 Hotels ; Ferrocarril and Dili- 
 gencias. 
 
 This is a regular and well- 
 built town on the river of tho 
 same name, founded in 1532. 
 The principal square is faced oa 
 one side by a half-ruined 
 cathedral, and on the three 
 remaining sides by ^yePortales or 
 arcades. There is a large semi- 
 
248 
 
 BRADSHAW S MEXICO. 
 
 j ^1 i. 
 i ' 
 
 I 1 ' 
 
 
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 m 
 
 
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 m 
 
 
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 :f 
 
 nary, and a first-rate mint here. 
 The Government Palace, Muni- 
 cipal Palace, and several other 
 >)uildin]trs are noteworthy. There 
 is a good Alameda or Park. 
 
 DurangO.— Capital of the State 
 of same name ; 27,100 inhabi- 
 tants ; 6,800 feet above the sea ; 
 a station of the Mexican Central, 
 International and Alta and 
 Dm*ango Railways. 
 
 Hotels : Diligencias, Nacional. 
 
 A rising town, which acquired 
 its importance principally from 
 the discovery of the rich silver 
 mines of Guarisamey, situated 
 north-west of the town. It is 
 situated in a dry, sterile plain. 
 It has a cathedral, several 
 churches, etc., four convents, a 
 mint, an important tobacco 
 manufactory, and several other 
 industrial establishments. The 
 Ccrro del Mercado, near the 
 town, is the famous Iron Moun- 
 tain mentioned by Humboldt. 
 An American company has been 
 formed to work these mines. 
 Travellers should beware of the 
 scorpions common in this town. 
 
 Esperanza.— State of Puebla ; 
 5,000 inhabitants ; 7,900 feet 
 above the sea level. A station 
 of the Mexican Railway. 
 
 Hotels: The Ferrocarril (within 
 the enclosure of the station), 
 owned by the Railway Company, 
 and managed w^ell by a French- 
 man. 
 
 This town is chiefly interesting 
 as being the place to change the 
 ■military escort accompanying 
 ' each train between the Capital 
 • and Vera Cruz. It has little to 
 interest the tourist, unless some 
 of the farms in the surrounding 
 district. The nights and early 
 niornings are very cool, and 
 occasionally the temperature 
 
 falls below freezing point. The 
 surrounding plain produces 
 wheat, barley, maize, etc., and 
 is very fertile. The hacienda 
 of Senor Audres Gutierrez 
 is worth visiting. The Mountain 
 Orizaba may be ascended from 
 here, but horses are difficult to 
 procure. The mountain is 17,300 
 feet high. It has been ascended 
 by very few persons up to the 
 present. Guides, rugs and pro- 
 visions for two days should be 
 taken. Excursions to Oaxaca, 
 Mitla, Tehuacan, etc., may also 
 be made. There is a tramway to 
 Tehuacan. (See this.) 
 
 Fresnillo.— State of Zacatecas ; 
 28,600 inhabitants ; 7,700 feet 
 above the sea. 
 
 Hotels : A small inn. 
 
 Irregularly built on an exten- 
 sive mountain plain at the foot 
 of the Cerro de Proano, in which 
 are the mines. It is only inter- 
 esting on account of its large 
 amalgam works. The produce 
 of the mines has considerably 
 diminished of late years. 
 
 Guadalajara.— Capital of State 
 of Jalisco ; 78,600 inhabitants ; 
 5,052 feet above the sea ; a 
 station of the Mexican Central 
 Railway. 
 
 Hotels : Hidalgo, Nacional, 
 Diligencias, and Nuevo Mundo. 
 
 This tot\'n is situated in the 
 very fertile table valley of 
 Atemajac, and covers a large 
 area, as the houses are mostly 
 one-storied. It is well built ; has 
 14 squares, 12 fountains, one 
 cathedral, seven churches, 11 
 convents, a Government Palace, 
 a university, a mint, hospitals, 
 an academy of fine arts, etc., etc. 
 The Bishop's and Municipal 
 palaces, the Alameda, etc., are 
 worth visiting. It lies on the 
 
 ,:■/ 
 
DUKANGO — GUADALUPE. 
 
 249 
 
 ►oint. The 
 produces 
 !, etc., and 
 3 hacienda 
 Gutierrez 
 B Mountain 
 nded from 
 difficult to 
 in is 17,300 
 m ascended 
 up to the 
 js and pro- 
 should be 
 to Oaxaca, 
 ., may also 
 tramway to 
 .) 
 
 Zacatecas ; 
 7,700 feet 
 
 n. 
 
 1 an exten- 
 at the foot 
 iio, in which 
 only inter- 
 f its large 
 e produce 
 )nsiderably 
 irs, 
 
 ;al of State 
 Ihabitants ; 
 e sea ; a 
 n Central 
 
 Nacional, 
 /o Mundo. 
 
 bed in the 
 [valley of 
 a large 
 ire mostly 
 I built ; has 
 tains, one 
 frches, 11 
 it Palace, 
 hospitals, 
 !, etc., etc. 
 [Municipal 
 etc., are 
 on the 
 
 west bank of the Rio de Santiago 
 (the largest in Mexico). The 
 streets are wide, and laid out at 
 right angles, and by many 
 persons the town is considered 
 finer than the capital of the 
 Republic . It has preserved many 
 of its Mexican features, lying 
 remote from the high road, and 
 having been but little affected 
 by foreign influence. 
 
 The cathedral, Government 
 PalEice, and Bishop's Palace are 
 on the Plaza de Armas. The 
 interior of the cathedral is 
 very beautiful. The other sides 
 of the plaza, not occupied by 
 the above buildings, have fine 
 colonnades. The Hospital Belem 
 is an immense building. There 
 are nine portales, or covered arch- 
 ways, which are used as bazaars, 
 and belong to the convents, 
 which sub-let them. All sorts of 
 European and Asiatic produce 
 may be found in these bazaars. 
 The acqueduct is over three 
 miles in length. The gardens 
 and land around the town are 
 artificially irrigated. A beautiful 
 bridge of 20 arches spans the 
 river ; near here are several 
 waterfalls. There are steam 
 printing offices in the town. The 
 ornamental glazed pottery made 
 here is sold in the capital. Most 
 of the inhabitants are artizans, 
 and work more especially in gold 
 and silver, in filigree, in leather, 
 in wool (the rebozos and 
 zarapes), and in cotton. The 
 cakes, confectionery and sweet- 
 meats of Guadalajai'a are cele- 
 brated. Much glazed pottery is 
 also made here and is sold in the 
 Capital. 
 
 The cathedral was completed 
 in 1618, but in 1818 an earth- 
 quake overthrew the cupolas of 
 both towers. 
 
 An excursion can be made to 
 the Lake of Chapala — 40 miles 
 
 distant. It is the largest in 
 Mexico, and covers an area of 
 415 square miles. Several islands 
 exist in it, and on one ruins have 
 been found. Its depth has never 
 been ascertained. Several other 
 excursions into the environs will 
 be found interesting. The rail- 
 way from Guadalajara to San 
 Bias on the Pacific will be open 
 fortraffic shortly, and will tap the 
 villages of Amatitlan, Tequila, 
 Ixtlan, Tetitan, Zapotlan and 
 Tepic. 
 
 Guadalupe, or Villa de Guada- 
 lupe Hidalgo (originally Tequat- 
 lanopeuh).— Federal district of 
 Mexico, and 5 miles from tho 
 capital ; 4,517 inhabitants. 
 
 Hotels : Those of the Capital , 
 whence it is reached by tramway 
 in half -hour. 
 
 Guadalupe is connected with 
 the Capital by two roads running 
 parallel upon dykes built in tho 
 ancient lagoon. It is interesting 
 for its cathedral, chapel, oolleffo 
 and nunnery, and is the chief 
 place of pilgrimage in thi^ 
 country. The cathedral is the 
 richest in Mexico, and said to 
 surpass even the cathedral of the 
 Capital in treasure. It is a mas- 
 sive brick building, with a dome 
 and four towers, and cost 800,000 
 dols. for materials alone. The 
 interior is richly adorned, and 
 round the choir and altar is a 
 solid silver railing. The famous 
 picture — the object of the x)il- 
 grimage — of the Virgin hangs 
 on the high altar. On each side 
 of the high altar is a smaller 
 altar, and the choir is rich in 
 wooden carvings. A great many 
 exvotos hang near the main 
 entrance, chiefly of wax, while 
 others are oil paintings. The 
 legend of how the church was 
 built is sold at the door in book 
 form. On the 12th of December 
 
•' I. 
 
 i 
 
 4 
 
 I J: t 
 
 250 
 
 BKADSHAW S MEXICO. 
 
 in l| 
 
 mil < 
 
 1 '^'- i ^- 'if' 
 
 
 I' 
 
 if if 
 
 i 
 
 P. = * 
 
 ii> < 
 
 
 \'^ 
 
 ;l 
 
 of each year a religious festival 
 takes place in celebration of the 
 anniversary of the appearance of 
 the Virgin to the Indian, and is 
 attended by persons from all 
 parts of the Republic. The flag 
 carried by Hidalgo in the War 
 of Indei)endence is deposited 
 here, and several illustrious men 
 lie buried in the vaults. A very 
 line view of Mexico and the 
 valley is obtained from a hill 
 facing the front of the chapel. 
 The treaty with the United 
 States of 2nd February, 1818, 
 was signed here. 
 
 Guanajuato, or Santa F6 de 
 Guanajuato ; capital of state of 
 same name ; 56,112 inhabitants ; 
 C,830 feet above the sea; Rail- 
 way station of the Mexican 
 Central Railway, branching at 
 Marjil Station. 
 
 Hotels : Rayas, del Suizo, 
 Diligencias. 
 
 Bestmirants : Frances, do 
 Bordeaux. 
 
 Banliers : National Bank of 
 Mexico. 
 
 Medical : Dr. Herrera, Dr. 
 Moreno. . 
 
 The town of Guanajuato is 
 irregularly built on hills, and 
 was founded in 1654. It stands 
 on both sides of the gorge of 
 Canada de Marfil. The narrow 
 streets are winding and paved 
 with rough stones. It is sur- 
 rounded by steep porphyry 
 mountains and offers to the 
 traveller a curious yet very pic- 
 turesque aspect. It has tine 
 . buildings : a cathedral, Jesuit 
 church , eight convents, a theatre, 
 a mint, barracks, colleges and 
 many fine private dwellings. 
 There are also several manufac- 
 tories of woollen goods. It is 
 the centre of more than 100 
 
 mines ; between the years 1827 
 to 1851, yO million pesos were 
 coined in the mint of this town. 
 The principal silver lode — the 
 Veta Madre de (Guanajuato is 
 one of the most remarkable in 
 the world. The mine buildings, 
 west of the town, are called 
 *' Guanajuato Pequeno," or 
 Little Guanajuato. Those of 
 the mines of Mellado and Rayas 
 have the appearance of a small 
 village. These mines were 
 opened in 1558. Of late years 
 they have not paid so well, and 
 are possibly becoming exhausted. 
 But in two instances, by sinking 
 the shafts deeper, such has been 
 shewn not to be the case. There 
 are some very wealthy families 
 in the town, amongst whom the 
 Count de Valenciana is the 
 richest. The miners are indus- 
 trious and well-to-do and poverty 
 is a thing unknown. The 
 traveller will have no better 
 opportunity of visiting a mine 
 than in Guanajuato. The 
 Rayas and Nopal Mines are the 
 best worth seeing. All the 
 works are carried on in a very 
 primitive fashion. 
 
 The prison or carcel lies on an 
 eminence in the centre of the 
 town, and Avas formerly a castle. 
 It is a two-storey buijding. A 
 fine view of the town and gorge 
 is obtained from the Cerro de San 
 Miguel. Some French, Ger- 
 mans, English, and Americans 
 are established in the town. 
 Electric light and telephones are 
 in use, and the inhabitants are 
 both an industrious and intelli- 
 gent body of men. 
 
 The traveller will be amply 
 repaid by spending a week in 
 this town. Excursion to Dolores 
 Hidalgo — birth place of Hidalgo, 
 the Mexican Liberator — may be 
 made, and will be found interest- 
 ing. 
 
 '■ ,; 
 
G U AN A J U ATO — J A LA PA. 
 
 251 
 
 [1 m a very 
 
 Guaymas, or San Joso do Guay- 
 mas. — Statu of Sonora ; 2,500 
 inhabitants ; end station of the 
 Sonora Railway. 
 
 Hotels : Cosmopolitan, Central 
 and Ferrocarril. 
 
 Bankers : F. A. Apfuilar. 
 
 An extensive and well-shel- 
 tered port, on the cjulf of Cali- 
 fornia, and, Acapuleo excepted, 
 the best on the west coast of 
 ^[exico. The outlyincf islands 
 malce the entrance to the 
 harbour narrow. There are, in 
 fact, two harbours both safe, the 
 inner, with a depth from two to 
 four fathoms, and the outer from 
 four to seven fathoms deep. It is 
 surrounded by barren mountains, 
 and until recently was only a 
 small fishing village. It is 
 mostly inhabited by Indians 
 engaged in fishing. There is no 
 drinking Avater. The climate is 
 excessively hot. The exports 
 consist chiefly of precious metals, 
 flour, wheat, etc. The north 
 wind is intolerable in summer 
 There is little here to interest 
 the traveller. 
 
 The town is built on the shore, 
 and the houses are of brick, 
 adobe and stone. The climate 
 is very hot in summer, but 
 pleasant and dry in Avinter. An 
 extensive bed of anthracite coal 
 has been discovered lately about 
 100 miles up the Yaqui River. 
 
 Hermosillo, or Petic— State of 
 Sonora ; 15,0(>0 inhabitants ; 
 station of the Sonora Railway. 
 
 Hotels : The Cosmopolitan. 
 
 This is an irrregularly-built 
 town, destitute of any buildings 
 of note, but situated in a fertile 
 plain. It has a mint, a fine 
 park, and numerous well- watered 
 gardens. The climate is hot, 
 dry, and healthy. It is the cen- 
 
 tre of the trade of a fertile region, 
 which comraences here, and 
 which is the bejt cultivated 
 ill ^ the country. Large quan- 
 tities of wheat are exported, and 
 a superior kind of wine is pro- 
 duced. The town is situated on 
 the Sonora River. Some forty- 
 five miles up the Matape River, 
 there are rich })eds of coal. It 
 is the i)rincipal depot for Guay- 
 mas. 
 
 Jalapa. — State of Vera-Cruz- 
 Llave, and at one time its capital ; 
 14,217 inhabitants ; 4,300 feet 
 above the sea level. 
 
 Hotels: Nacional, Vera-Cruz. ' 
 
 This town is beautifully situ- 
 ated at the foot of the Macuilte- 
 pete mountains, on the border 
 of the high table land of Mexico. 
 It is connected by a railway with 
 Vera-Cruz, the merchants and 
 upper classes of which town 
 have their country residences 
 here. There is a tramway and 
 good road between Jalapa and 
 Vera-Cruz. The surrounding 
 country is exceedingly fertile and 
 healthy, with a good rain fall. 
 Jalapa is well built, with sloping 
 streets, kept very clean ; it has 
 four churches, an old Franciscan 
 Monastery, two hospitals, and 
 several schools. The climate is 
 cool and pleasant. Jalapa has 
 suffered somewhat by the 
 divergence of traffic through 
 the Orizaba road to the 
 capital. The town derives its 
 name from the Jalapa root, 
 cultivated extensively in the 
 mountains of the interior. The 
 ruins of Papantla, about 50 miles 
 north, are generally visited from 
 here ; diligences run as far as 
 Tusintlan ; thence the journey 
 is made on horseback. There 
 are other ruins at Tusapan, 
 Misantla and Mapilca. 
 
f K 
 
 '' 1, 
 
 252 
 
 BRADSHAW S MEXICO. 
 
 
 I 
 
 ^ 1 
 
 1' I 
 
 1^ ? 
 
 if' 
 V 
 
 I ■'': 
 
 
 (fi 
 
 'I 
 
 :^ i' 
 
 Jarral (El).— State of Guana- 
 juato ; with Valle de Santiago, 
 22,890 inhabitants. 
 
 Hotel fi : A small inn. 
 
 This is a village noted princi- 
 pally for the huge castle of the 
 Marquis de Jarral, the largest 
 landowner of Mexico. His 
 landed estates are so extensive, 
 that at one time they supported 
 3 million head of cattle. 
 
 Jzamal. — State of Yucatan ; 
 5,000 inhabitants ; about IG 
 miles east of Merida. 
 
 Hotels : None ; even shelter 
 for the night can only be found 
 with the hospitable Indians. 
 
 This place is situated on the 
 remains of an old Indian town, 
 of whose colossal teocallis the 
 ruins arc still visible. They 
 consist of two supei'posed, pyi'a- 
 midal stone buildings. The 
 lower of the two is over 800 feet 
 square, and the upper about 050 
 feet. The top is flat, and may 
 have been used for religious rites. 
 A fair is now held annually here. 
 Jzamal is of comparative easy 
 access from Merida. 
 
 TjagOS. — State of Guanajuato ; 
 1 0,000 inhabitants; C,153 feet 
 above sea ; a station of the 
 Mexican Central Railway. 
 
 Hotels : Diligencias. 
 
 This small but thriving town 
 has probably a brilliant future. 
 Its streets are regularly laid out, 
 well built and paved. It will 
 become a centre of traffic as soon 
 as the lines to San Bias, vid 
 Guadalajara, and to Tampico, 
 vid Potosi, are finished. The 
 inhabitants are industrious, and 
 the surrounding country is rich 
 in both agricultural and mineral 
 wealth. The town proper has 
 little to interest the tourist. 
 
 f i 
 
 Xjaredo. — State of Tamaulipas 
 on the llio Grande and the 
 United States frontier; 6,000 
 inhabitants ; 438 feet above the 
 sea-level ; a station of the Mexi- 
 can National Railway. 
 
 Hotels : Wilson House, 
 Laredo. 
 
 This town was formerly situ- 
 ated on both banks of the Rio 
 Grande River, but since Texas 
 was separated from Mexico, the 
 portion on the northern bank, or 
 New Laredo belongs to the 
 United States. It promises to 
 become an important town as 
 soon as the two Mexican trunk 
 lines are in thorough working 
 order. A wooden railway bridge 
 connects the two shores (for- 
 merly connected by ferries), but 
 a substantial iron bridge will 
 shortly be completed. There is 
 nothing really of interest in 
 either town for the traveller. 
 The Customs examination takes 
 place here. 
 
 Xieon, or Leon de las Aldamas. — 
 State of Guanajuato ; 80,074 
 inhabitants; 5,862 feet above 
 the sea level ; station of the 
 Mexican Central Railway. 
 
 Hotels : De la Luz, Comercio 
 and Colon. 
 
 Conveyances : Tramway (fare 
 10 cents). 
 
 Banlxers : Fisch & BischofP. 
 
 The town, second in popu- 
 lation only to the capital, is 
 pretty and well built. It is 
 noted for its manufactories of 
 saddles and other leather goods. 
 There are stone quarries near 
 the town. The towers of the 
 Cathedral and several domes of 
 other churches are visible from 
 the train. Its commerce in 
 wheat is considerable. The 
 population is reported to have 
 been 166,000 in 1865. Its com- 
 
 \ 
 
JAllUAL (kl) — MAZATLAN. 
 
 2o3 
 
 mercial importance as also its 
 objects of interest are greatly 
 inferior to Guadalajara or Pue- 
 bla. The inhabitants are poor, 
 but the surrounding country is 
 very fertile. 
 
 Manzanillo.— State of Colima, a 
 seaporton the Pacitic coast and a 
 station of the Mexican National 
 Railway; 4,100 inhabitants. 
 
 Hotels : Diligencias. 
 
 The port is good, but the cli- 
 mate very unhealthy. Perhaps 
 the railway line will here, as in 
 so many other Mexican towns, 
 give a new impulse to business. 
 Travellers are advised not to stay 
 longer in the town than they can 
 help, which, however, they will 
 hardly be tempted to do, as it 
 possesses nothing of interest. 
 
 Maravatio. — State of Michoa- 
 can ; about 9,000 inhabitants ; 
 6,612 feet above the sea; a 
 station of the Mexican National 
 Railway. 
 
 Hotels : Diligencias. 
 
 A regularly-built town, situ- 
 ated in a broad, grassy and fer- 
 tile plain, surrounded by moun- 
 tain ranges. The town itselt 
 presents nothing especially note- 
 worthy. The inhabitants are 
 chiefly engaged in agriculture, to 
 which the railway has given a 
 fresh impetus. Maravatio is a 
 suitable place for winter resi- 
 dents from the north. 
 
 Matamoros. — Former capital of 
 the Sate of Tamdulipas ; 13,740 
 inhabitants ; close to the Rio 
 Grande del Norte ; a station of 
 the New York, Texas and Mexi- 
 can Railway. 
 
 Hotels: Some inferior inns. 
 A large hotel is building. 
 
 Matamoros, twenty years ago 
 only a small village, is now 
 rapidly increasing in size. The 
 port proper is Bagdad and is not 
 good. The town is about thirty 
 miles up the river. Smuggling 
 is carried on extensively here. 
 The country is healthy and 
 under high cultivation. The 
 climate is hot in summer, and 
 there is frost occasionally in 
 winter. The chief places of in- 
 terest are the Government 
 buildings, cathedral, theatre, 
 the city walls. Plaza Mayor, the 
 public garden and the zocalo 
 at Santa Cruz point. Ferry- 
 boats (ehallaues) are used for 
 crossing the river. Opposite- 
 lies Brownsville, a thriving town 
 in Texas. 
 
 Mazatlan, or Villa de los Cas- 
 tillos. — State of Sinaloa and a 
 seaport ; 17,395 inhabitants ; a 
 station of the Mexican & Pacific 
 Railway. 
 
 Hotels : National, Diligencias. 
 
 The most important seaport 
 on the Mexican Pacific Coast. 
 From whatever side seen, the 
 town presents a very picturesqun 
 appearance. The harbour is safe 
 and has a lightliouse. The 
 streets are lined with solid, large 
 houses, built in the old Castillian 
 style, with colonnades. The 
 shops are numerous and well 
 stocked. There are numerous 
 industrial establishments. The 
 site is less unhealthy than San 
 Bias, and its trade is important, 
 especially with England, the 
 United States, and France. The 
 principal exports are : Silver ores 
 lides, dyewoods, cedar, copper, 
 ead, etc. (1879) Imports 
 2,732,500 dols., exports.3,369,768 
 dels. The shipping i"? about 400 
 vessels annually entered and 
 cleared. 
 
254 
 
 BRADSHAW S MEXICO. 
 
 n ' 
 
 i *^ 
 
 > I, '■ '"*|i 
 
 
 i , '^1 
 
 -jii 
 
 \r^ ■•i i 
 
 Merida, Capital of the State of 
 Yucatan ; 32,000 inhabitants ; 
 25 feet above the sea. 
 
 Hotels : Hotel Bazaar. 
 
 This town is the ancient Maya 
 Capital of Tihoo. It was named 
 Merida in 1542 by Don Fran- 
 cisco de Montijo. It is about 
 22 miles from the sea, its port 
 being Sisal, now Progroso, with 
 which it is connected by railway. 
 Few travellers visit Merida, 
 though some of the most inte- 
 resting Mexican ruins are 
 situated close by. The town 
 has broad and regular streets 
 and a large "Plaza Mayor" 
 in the middle. The cathedral 
 is worth visiting, and 13 
 churches, a University, and 
 ruins of a Monastery of the 
 Franciscans, covering about six 
 acres, and suri'oundcd by walls 
 40 feet high and 8 feet thick . The 
 ladies are said to be some of the 
 handsomest in Mexico. Excur- 
 sions may be made from here to 
 the lluins of .Tzamal, Chichen- 
 Itza, near ValladoUid, Uxmal, 
 near Halacho, and more than 
 twenty other ruined giant towns 
 and cities. They are covered by 
 the luxuriant vegetation. Guides 
 and all other necessaries should 
 be taken from here. Several lines 
 of railway from Merida to the in- 
 terior are iu course of c onstruc- 
 tion. 
 
 Mexico, Capital of the Republic. 
 — On the Western shore (for- 
 merly an island) of the Lake 
 Texcoco; 241,110 inhabitants; 
 7,401 feet above the sea level ; 
 (2,274 meters) 19' 25' 45'' north 
 latitude, and 99° 5' 15" west 
 longitude. 
 
 Hotels : SanCarlos,Comonfoi't, 
 del Bazar, Humboldt, Jturbide, 
 Nacional, Europa and several 
 others, with prices ranging from 
 
 3 dols. to 4dols. a day (inclusive) . 
 Dela Eatrella,de San Francisco, 
 de San Antonio, and others are 
 more moderate iu their charges. 
 
 Restaurants and Caft^s : Cafe 
 Anglais, Jturbide, Maison Doree 
 de la Concordia, etc. (Fee to 
 waiters, medio real — 3 half pence 
 — for each person.) 
 
 Conreyances : TraMiways run 
 through all the principal streets 
 and to the subur})3 not beyond 
 10 miles distant. They have 
 first and second class compart- 
 ments and start from the Plaza 
 Maijor at intervals of 10, 15, 30, 
 and 60 minutes for all parts of 
 the town (see itinerary in 
 hotels). 
 
 The Carriages are first, second 
 and third class ; first class carry 
 blue flags f 1 dol. per hour on 
 weekdays, and Ih dols. per hour 
 on Sundays and feastdays ; 
 second class, red fa Jo cents 
 and 1 dol. respectively ; third 
 class, white flags, from C a.m. 
 to 10 p.m. 50 cts., and from 
 10 p.m. to C a.m. 1 dol. per hour, 
 irrespective of day. The tariff 
 is affixed in all public carriages 
 in a conspicuous place, and the 
 driver is obliged to hand the 
 passenger a tariff with his name, 
 number, and to what place he 
 belongs. Quarter of an hour is 
 the minimum payable, and this 
 is actually the price of a course. 
 
 Saddle Horses : 2 dols. the 
 afternoon, and 5 dols. per day; 
 for travelling in the country, 
 horse or mule, 1 dol. a day and 
 fodder. 
 
 Baths : Close the Theatre 
 Nacional. 
 
 Diligence Office: In the rear 
 of Hotel Jturbide. 
 
 Express Office : In the Hotel 
 Jturbide. 
 
 Raihcay Stations : The Mexi- 
 can Central and the Mexican 
 
MERIDA. — MEXICO. 
 
 255 
 
 the Theatre 
 I In the rear 
 H the Hotel 
 
 Railway Companies station at 
 liuena Vista ; the Morelos Rail- 
 way Company at San L,naro, 
 and the Mexican National Rail- 
 way Company's at Colonia. 
 
 Tlieatreif, A^miscments, Hull- 
 fiijhts, etc. : The Nacional, in the 
 Calle de Ver<iara ; Principal, in 
 the Calle del Coliseo ; Arhcity in 
 the Calle de San Felipe Neri ; 
 the latter really a music hall. 
 iiuU lights take place every 
 Sunday afternoon at Huisachal 
 and Cuautitlan. 
 
 Races and Sportu : Hunting 
 and fishing clubs in the calle 
 Sta. Isabel, No. 9. 
 
 Heading -rooms : At most of 
 the hotels and at the clubs. 
 
 Clubs and Societies : Mexican 
 Geographical and Statistical 
 Society, in Calle de San Andres 
 11 ; Mexican Academy, in Calle 
 de Medina G; the American 
 Club, in the suburb of La 
 riedad ; German Club corner of 
 Independencia and del Collegio 
 do los Ninos ; French Phil- 
 harmonic and Dramatic Society 
 2da de Plateros ; Fi-ench cercle 
 in Antigua Lonja. 
 
 Post Office : Calle de la 
 Moneda. 
 
 Telegraph Office : In the Rail- 
 way Stations ; Government 
 Office in the Callejon del Espi 
 rita Santo 5 ; Vera Cruz Com- 
 mercial line Calle del Refugio 4. 
 Office hours in the week days 
 from 8 a.m. till 8 p.m., and on 
 Sundays and festivals from 
 a.m. till 12 m. 
 
 Neivspapers : Only one in 
 English, the Two Kepuhlics ; 
 single copies, a medio real (3d.); 
 the Financiero, in Spanish and 
 English ; Diario Official, Monitor 
 Repuhlicaiio, and others in 
 Spanish and French. 
 
 Diplomatic : Germany, Italy, 
 and Belgium have resident 
 
 ministers, and the United States, 
 France, Spain, Guatemala, Sal- 
 vador, Honduras and Chili hav«^ 
 Envoys Extraordinary, and 
 Ministers Plenipotentiary. Eng- 
 land is not represented, on ac- 
 count of Mexico not having paid 
 her debts. Negotiations to re- 
 new diplomatic relations are now 
 jumding. 
 
 Consul : Only an Englisli 
 consular agent. 
 
 Banks : London. Mexico and 
 South American Bank, Calle de 
 Capuchinas No. 3, and several 
 others. 
 
 Medical: Dr. Alfaro, Dr. Al- 
 tamirano, Dr. Cresc Colin. 
 
 Ticket and Excursion Agents : 
 Thomas Cook & Son, lo, Calle 
 de San Francisco, 12. 
 
 On arriving near the Capital 
 by train, an express agent will 
 offer his services for the convey- 
 ance of luggage to the hotels or 
 any part of the city, as in the 
 United States. He will also 
 take charge of keys, as lugg.ige 
 must be opened and examined 
 for articles subject to town duos 
 before entering the city. Charge, 
 25 cents per package, * 
 
 The name of Mexico is said to 
 be derived from Mexitli, who was 
 the Aztec war god. In the 
 ancient empire of Anahuac, its 
 name was Tenochtitlan. The 
 present town occupies only a 
 part of the old one destroj-ed by 
 Cortez. Notwithstanding, the 
 space covered is enormous, and 
 the town one of the finest in the 
 New World. Above the town 
 rise a number of cupolas and 
 towers. It has broad and 
 regular streets, badly paved, as 
 in Berlin, and is surrounded by 
 a plain, and a belt of mountains 
 like Rome. Tramways commu- 
 nicate with the suburbs ; the 
 town is rectangular in shape, 
 and the blocks of houses are of 
 
250 
 
 UKADSHAW S MEXICO. 
 
 Hi 
 
 • i 
 
 j-'\ 
 
 the same dimonsicns throuifhout. 
 The massive houses built of hewn 
 Btone have, as a rule, three floors, 
 with a court in the interior 
 (patio), after tlio Spanish and 
 Moorisli fashion ; to this, hugo 
 doorways lead from the streets. 
 The roofs of the houses are flat, 
 and surrounded by iron and stone 
 balustrades. The mean tempera- 
 ture is 00" F. ; spring (io^ F. ; 
 summer 70 F.; autumn 58° F. ; 
 and winter oS^ F. About 7,(M)0 
 feet above the town is the lino 
 of perpetual snow. 
 
 The old capital of the Aztecs, 
 called Tenochtitlan, i.e. " Cactus 
 upon a rock," standing upon the 
 same site as the present town, 
 was founded in A.i). 1325. An 
 oracle recommended this spot as 
 a favourable one on which to 
 build the capital. It told them 
 they would see an eagle with 
 outstretched wings towards the 
 east, perched on a cactus, grow- 
 ing from a rock, and grasping a 
 serpent in one of its claws ; and 
 this device has now been adopted 
 by the Republic, and is used on 
 the National flag and coinage. 
 At the time of its conquest by 
 Cortez, the town, with its popu- 
 lation, its palaces, and its 
 temples is said to have been vast 
 beyond conception. To use 
 Cortez' s own expression " It was 
 the finest thing in the world." 
 Seven-eighths of this town was 
 destroyed and levelled to the 
 ground by Cortez and his Indian 
 allies within a few weeks, and he 
 built upon its ruins the new 
 capital. The lakes close by used 
 repeatedly to overflow and 
 inundate the town, until the 
 mountain of Nochistongo was 
 pierced, and the river C uautitlan 
 was diverted from the valley and 
 the lakes. The site of Mexico 
 City was formerly an island in 
 the lake Texcoco. The Mexican 
 Central Railway now passes 
 
 through this cut in the mountain 
 Nochistongo. This stupendous 
 undertaking— by the Mexicans 
 called '* Jcsa^Jte ile Hni'liuftoca" 
 — was commenced in 1607, and 
 employed over 15,000 Indians. 
 After 11 months of continuous 
 labour (many hundreds of 
 Indians dying) the tunnel was 
 completed. Its length was over 
 four miles, its width 11^ feet, 
 and its heigth 18 feet. 
 This scheme, however, proved 
 unsuccessful, as the rushing 
 waters soon undermined the 
 walls. After various schemes 
 had been proposed, and alarmed 
 by the continuous floods duiing 
 the years 1601 — 1637, it was 
 resolved to remove the roof of 
 the tunnel. The work is not 
 even now quite finished. This 
 immense cutting is about 13 miles 
 in length, and from 130 to 195 
 feet in height, by about 320 feet 
 wide. A glimpse of it is ob- 
 tained from the carriages as the 
 train passes through ; but it is 
 well worth the traveller's while 
 to make an excursion to the spot 
 itself. The entire work has 
 taken 160 years, and was com- 
 pleted in its present state in 
 1789. 
 
 In the centre of the town is 
 the Plaza Mayor (covering 10 
 acres), formerly a drill ground, 
 and now changed into a park of 
 Eucalyptus trees. The northern 
 boundary is occupied by the 
 Cathedral (200 feet high), 
 covering a space of 532 by 
 400 feet. It was built between 
 the years 1573 and 1667, and 
 cost close upon 2,000,000 dols. It 
 is the largest of its kind in North 
 America, and occupies the site 
 of an Aztec temple. It has two 
 towers, richly adorned with 
 statues. ' Inside are some 
 paintings, said to be by Murillo. 
 The interior is very fine, and the 
 church is believed to contain 
 
 P 
 
 
MKXICO. 
 
 257 
 
 be mountain 
 
 stupendoua 
 
 iO Mexicans 
 
 u 1607, and 
 [KM) Indians. 
 :* continuous 
 undreds of 
 tunnel was 
 ^tii was over 
 Ith lUfeet, 
 18 feet, 
 ever, proved 
 the rushing 
 ormined the 
 ou8 schemes 
 , and alarmed 
 floods duting 
 1G37, it was 
 e the roof of 
 work is not 
 nished. This 
 about 13 miles 
 om 130 to 195 
 about 320 feet 
 . of it is ob- 
 irriages as the 
 igh ; but it is 
 ivoUer's while 
 ion to the spot 
 ire work has 
 and was corn- 
 sent state in 
 
 )f 
 
 ; 
 
 imtncnso treasures. A huge 
 block of nuirl)le 12 feet in 
 ilisuiietor, and weigliing 25 tons, 
 leans against one of the walls. 
 It is covereil with hieroglypliies, 
 it'presonting the ancient Mexi- 
 can calendar. There is also a 
 block of porphyry in one of the 
 courts of the National Palace, 
 covered with hieroglypliics, and 
 said to have been used by the 
 Mexican priests as a stone of 
 sacrifice when offering up 
 human beings to tlieir gods. 
 The Sarimrio has a beavatifully 
 carved frontage. The Elmperor 
 Jturbido is buried in one of the 
 rhapels. There is also a monu- 
 ment to the memory of Enrico 
 Martinez, the celebrated en- 
 gineer, of the desagu^, of 
 Xochistnngo. On the pedeital 
 tliere is a gauge of the levi I of 
 Jjake Tcxcoco. 
 
 The Eastern front is occupied 
 by the National Palace, formerly 
 that of the Vice-Roys. It is 
 075 feet long, with four courts 
 inside, and is the largest 
 building in Mexico. It is the 
 residence of the President, and 
 tlio scat of Government. It 
 contains the Congress Hall {Sain 
 Je Enihajadore.s), 310 by 30 feet, 
 with a throne at the southern 
 end, containing several good 
 pictures of historical interest, by 
 Segredo ; Maximilian's coach is 
 preserved in a room on the 
 ground floor ; the Mint, two 
 prisons, etc., etc., are also here. 
 
 In the south-eastern corner 
 of the Plaza Mayor is the town 
 hall, which serves also as the ex- 
 change. Close to the Plaza are 
 the University, the school of art 
 and science and a large covered 
 market ; 14 churches and 46 con- 
 vents and monasteries, some very 
 large and highly decorated, are 
 in the town. The huge Fran- 
 ciscan convent — a whole block 
 of buildings — contains within 
 
 itself three clinrches and seven 
 ciiapels. It is very wealthy. 
 The Mining Srlmol, l)egun in 
 17J^3, is ojie of the finest buildings 
 in the town. It is l)uilt otlii,'ht 
 green porphyry. Its elegant front- 
 age has three entrances flanked 
 l)y doric columns. It contains 
 7 courts, 11 fountains, 13 stair- 
 cases, and 238 rooms. It covers a 
 space of 300 ])y 2,000 feet, and 
 lias (collections of rocks, minerals, 
 f(jssils, etc. This l)uilding alone 
 cost over one and a half million 
 Pesos. The Acardada is a prison 
 capable of holding 1,200 crimi- 
 nals. There is an opera all the 
 year round, either in French, 
 Italian or Spanish. 
 
 The town of Mexico has 
 several portalcs or covered arch- 
 ways with shops ; these arcailes 
 ])ecome fashionable lounges in 
 the evenings. The drainage is 
 defective and the town cannot bo 
 considered healttiy. Fires in 
 houses for warming purposes are 
 unknown. Visitors should take 
 precautions against catching a 
 chill ; most of the hou;ses being 
 old and draughty. There is no 
 distinction of streets or 
 quarters, the dwellings of the 
 upper and lower classes are often 
 tinder the same roof. Half of the 
 population are crecles ; another 
 quarter Indians, and the remain- 
 der are Mestizzoes, Mulatto?, 
 Sambos, negroes, and foreigners 
 of all nations. There are some 
 very rich families, but the people 
 as a rule are poor ; the lowest 
 class, the Leperos, are extremely 
 lazy, dirty and dissolute. 
 
 The most important manufac- 
 tures of the capital are : tobacco, 
 gold and silver laces and fringes, 
 filigree and jewellery work, 
 soaps and carriages. The amount 
 of commerce is insignificaiit. 
 The markets are well provided 
 with all sorts of fruits and vege- 
 tables, grcwn chiefly in the 
 
mmm 
 
 258 
 
 JiRADSIIAW S MEXICO. 
 
 in 
 
 
 i 
 
 !i! i; 
 
 iii 
 
 gardens on the floating islands of 
 the lake {Chinawwia). This is 
 a very characteristic feature of 
 Mexico. 
 
 Two important aqueducts 
 provide the town with clear and 
 muddy water respectively. The 
 Santa Fe aqueducl;, about 71 
 English miles long, is supported 
 in one half of its course by 
 high arches. The other, the aque- 
 duct of Chapultt'pec (turbid 
 water) is about a half -hour's walk 
 in length, and is supported on 
 1)02 stone arches. Numerous 
 tanks and fountains nre supi)lied 
 by these two aqueducts. The 
 water is carried from house to 
 house by a licensed corps of water 
 carriers — A(j xai^ores. Gas of an 
 inferior quality is used in the 
 public thoroughfares ; but the 
 Plaza Mayor and adjacent 
 streets are lighted by elec- 
 tricity. In private dwell- 
 ings petroleum or kerosene 
 and wax candles are chiefly used. 
 Some streets, however, are still 
 lighted with oil. 
 
 The Mui-^eiun contains a large 
 coliectioii, chiefly of Mexican 
 antiquities, pottery, etc. It is 
 open to tVic public only on Sun- 
 days, Tuesdays and Thursdays, 
 during afternoon hours. The 
 "■ Academy of Han Carlos " con- 
 tains a large number of paintings 
 and some plaster casts of stati\es. 
 The pictures are by Zurbarran, 
 Murillo, llubens, Correggio, 
 Velasquez and by the Mexican 
 painters Cabrera, Parra Baltha- 
 zar de Chave, Jose and Luis 
 Juarez and others; there is no 
 catalogue. An art school is con- 
 nected with the academy. The 
 Mint, the oldest in Mexico, is open 
 daily from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. The 
 church of La Santissima has a 
 finely-sculptured froutage, while 
 the church of San Domingo pos- 
 sesses some beautiful gilded and 
 carved wood work. The Medical 
 
 School and Custom IIcu^o are 
 also on the Plaza do San Dom- 
 incro. The former was used by 
 the Inquisition and now has a 
 library and an anatomical 
 museum. In the San Fernando 
 Church are the graves of Generals 
 Mejia and Miramon. 
 
 The Alameda, or pi'omenade 
 and park, are in the west end 
 of the town, cover about 20 
 acres. The Paseo de la liefornui 
 or de linear jU, or simply El 
 Faseo, lead" from the Alameda to 
 Chapultepec, and is planted 
 throughout its whole length with 
 a double row of trees. Jioth arc 
 fashionable drives and walks 
 between 5 and G p.m. There arc 
 here statues of Charles IV. of 
 Spain, Christopher Columbus, 
 and President Juarez. Chapul- 
 tepec is about 5 miles from the 
 Capital, and is interesting 
 as the residence of the 
 Emperor Maximilian. The Castle 
 and its grounds can only bo 
 visited by cards of admission, to 
 be had at the National Palace in 
 the Capital. The view from the 
 place is surpassingly beautiful. 
 The grounds or park contain 
 magnificent groves, chiefly of 
 cedars, the last remnants of 
 forests which once surrounded 
 the Capital. There is also a 
 military school and a number of 
 stately villas at Tacuhaya. 
 
 The Canal along the Paseo de 
 la Viga should be visited in the 
 early morning, as it then presents 
 a very livoly scene. Boats can be 
 hired to row to Lake Texcoco at [ 
 1 dol. there and back. The scene 
 is like that of ancient Venice. 
 The Chinampas, or floating 
 gardens, are well worth a visit. 
 Alvarados Leap is marked by a 
 small bridge in the Calle de los 
 Hombres Jlustres, west of the 
 Alameda. TheNoche Trisfe tree 
 is in the village of Popotla. 
 Cortez is said to have wept under 
 
MEXICO. — MONTEREY. 
 
 259 
 
 m IIcu^o aro 
 do San Doni- 
 was used by 
 d now has a 
 anatomical 
 San Fernando 
 ves of Generals 
 )n. 
 
 or promenade 
 the west end 
 >ver about 20 
 de In, Ih'forma 
 or simply 1^1 
 the Alameda to 
 1 is planted 
 ole length with 
 •ecs. Both arc 
 js and walks 
 i.m. There arc 
 Charles IV. of 
 lor Columbus, 
 arez. Chapid- 
 miles from the 
 is interesting 
 nee of the 
 ian. The Castle 
 can only be 
 f admission, to 
 tional Falaee in 
 e view from the 
 igly beautiful, 
 park contain 
 vQs, chiefly of 
 remnants of 
 ice surrounded 
 lerc is also a 
 d a number of 
 icuhaya. 
 jg the Faseo de 
 G visited in the 
 it then presents 
 Boats can bo 
 ake Texcoco at \, 
 Lck. The scene 
 mcient Venice, 
 or floating' 
 worth a visit. 
 [is marked by a 
 |he Calle de los 
 1, -west of the 
 )cho Triste trei} 
 of Popotla. 
 Lave wept under 
 
 this tree on the night of the 
 evacuation of the town and the 
 retreat of the Spaniards. It is a 
 cedar, and about 10 feet iu cir- 
 cumference at the base. The 
 Tivoli Gardens, the School of 
 Agriculture, and the Tlaxpana 
 Aqueduct are all on the Atzcapo- 
 tzalco tramway line. At San 
 Cosme the aqueduct terminates, 
 and the water is conducted under- 
 ground to the centre of the town. 
 The causeway leading to Popotla 
 passes through a ix)rtion of the 
 former great lagoon ,no w dried up; 
 many of the companions-in-arms 
 of Cortez v/ere disowned here in the 
 " Noche Triste " (sad night). 
 
 It is no easy matter for the 
 stranger to find his way iu 
 the Capital, as almost each 
 block forms a different street. 
 Where several streets intersect 
 blocks of buildings the dis- 
 tinction is made thus : la de 
 San Francisco, for the first ; 2a, 
 do San Francisco, for the 2nd ; 
 3a de San Francisco, for the 3rd ; 
 and so forth for each block. The 
 Calle de Plateros is the principal 
 street and the one which contains 
 the best shops. In some, English 
 and French is spoken. Strangers 
 will remark the vai'iety and 
 originality of colouring in the 
 national costumes. Many persons 
 will also be met with suffering 
 from excessive indulgence iu 
 Pulque — the national beverage. 
 It is said to be consumed in the 
 Capital alone to the amount of 
 30,000 gallons a day. 
 
 Various short excursions (24 
 hours and more) may be made 
 from the Capital. Amongst 
 such, the most interesting are, 
 to Guadalupe, La Piedad (al 
 Fresco the American Club), San 
 Anjel, to Celaya, Maravatio and 
 Toiuca, San Juan Teotihuacan, 
 Pachuca, Cuernavaca, Cuautla. 
 (For description of these sec 
 under the various names.) 
 
 Monterey. — Capital of State 
 Nuevo Leon ; 40,000 inhabitants ; 
 1,700 feet above the sea; a 
 station of the Mexican National 
 llailway. 
 
 Hotels: American, Monterey, 
 Jturbide. 
 
 Con reliances : Tramways ( faro, 
 a medio — Ci\ cents) ; carriages 4 
 reales, or 2 shillings, per hour. 
 
 TeJc'jraph Office : At the rail- 
 way station. 
 
 Post Office: On the Plaza 
 Mayor. 
 
 Baths : Del Refugio, in the 
 Calle del Di Mier. 
 
 Bankers: Milmo & Co. 
 
 Medical : Dr. llocha, Dr. Mac- 
 Masters. 
 
 Monterey is the most flourish- 
 ing town in northern Mexico, on 
 the Santa Catarina .Kiver, It 
 carries on an important trade, 
 has clean and well-built streets, 
 and is surrounded by beautiv'al 
 gardens. For some years after 
 the war with the United States 
 it was in a languishing condition, 
 but sincetho opL'uing up of the 
 country by railways its progress 
 has been remarkable. Tho 
 position and aspect of the town 
 reminds a European traveller of 
 some of the Tyrolean towns, 
 especially Salzburg. It covers 
 a largo area, the houses being 
 mostly of one storey, except on 
 the squares. 
 
 Objects of interest are : tho 
 Bishop's palace, about four miles 
 out, on a hill 150 feet higher tiiau 
 tho town. During the American 
 war it was used as a fortress 
 and now it is a barracks, with 
 a company of artillery and six 
 guns ; tho cathedral ; the puento 
 nuovo ; the tank or ojo de Agua ; 
 tho market and the chapel of 
 Guadalupe. The bridge is famous 
 tor the battle fougluon it during 
 tho war with tho United States, 
 
 I 2 
 
260 
 
 BRADSHAW S MEXICO. 
 
 Ji\ " 
 
 1 1 iiii 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 li 
 
 i 
 
 "i 
 
 1 ' . 
 
 ' \ 
 
 ■ ( 
 
 
 whose forces were defeated by 
 the Mexicans. 
 
 This town is more American- 
 ized than perhaps any other 
 Mexican city. The hotels are 
 kept on the same system, and 
 merchants, lawyers, doctors,den- 
 tists, etc., from the States have 
 established themselves here. It 
 has also become a resort for in- 
 valids from the north, though 
 the changes of temperature are 
 rather marked. Mean tempera- 
 ture during the year is 71 degrees 
 Fahr., mean winter temperature 
 55 degrees Fahr. 
 
 The hill of Caido, beyond the 
 chapel of Guadalupe,affords a fine 
 view of the country surrounding 
 Monterey. A visitto thepotrero, 
 a miniature Yosemito, will also 
 interest the traveller. There are 
 several beautiful drives in the 
 environs. The jail, the old con- 
 vent of San Francisco, is a jifood 
 place to purchase various articles 
 of Mexican workmanship. 
 
 Morelia, or Valladolid. — Capital 
 of the State of Michoacan de 
 Ocampo ; 20,400 inhabitants ; 
 G,200 feet above the sea; a 
 station of the Morelian Railway. 
 
 Hotels : Diligencias and Sole- 
 dad. 
 
 Convenances : Carriages, G 
 reales per hour. 
 
 Baths : In the Soledad Hotel 
 and del Kecreo. 
 
 Morelia lies in a swampy basin, 
 in the valley of Olid, which is 
 watered by two rivers. The cli- 
 mate is delightful, and the town 
 surrounded by beautiful gardens. 
 There is not much wealth now 
 as it is concentrated in a few 
 hands, but a large number of the 
 inhabitants are well-to-do. The 
 town is well built, with properly 
 paved and clean streets. Several 
 of the new buildings are very 
 
 handsome. The College of 
 San Jose has a line frontage. 
 Most of the buildings are of one 
 storey, but in the business parts 
 they have two and even three ; all 
 have a patio, or inner court. 
 
 The chief objects of interest 
 to the ti'aveller are : the l)eau- 
 tiful and Avealthy cathedral, 
 several large churches, six con- 
 vents, an enormous acqueduct, 
 and the Paseo and Alameda in 
 the southern part of the town. 
 The palace is also noteworthy. 
 
 An entire block is occupied 
 by the cathedral, built in the 
 Spanish renaissance style. It is 
 situated on the Plaza Mayor. 
 In the interior the wood carving 
 of the choir is especially re- 
 markable. During the revolu- 
 tions, the Liberals confiscated 
 the silver railing (as at the 
 church of Guadalupe, near the 
 capital) which encircled the choir 
 and high altar. Several of tho 
 chapels have still shrines with 
 massive silver doors. The fonts 
 were brought from Pueljla and 
 are of onyx. This church was very 
 richly endowed by the mine- 
 owners of the district, it is 
 said to an amount exceeding 
 4,00(^,000 dols., from 1758 to 
 1858. The inhabitants are ex- 
 ceedingly pious and higottod. 
 A traveller will do well to lift 
 his hat as he passes before any of 
 the shrines, and to kneel when 
 he sees a priest carrying the 
 sacrament to some sick person. 
 Tliis will avoid auy ^inpleasant- 
 ness, as serious riots have taken 
 place between the natives and 
 strangers who would not comply 
 with this usage. The whole 
 estate oi Michoat^an is still a 
 stronghold of the priests, while 
 in other parts of tho Republic, 
 more tolerant views prevail. 
 
 The palace is the seat of tho 
 State Government ; it has a 
 printing office, a library with 
 
 \ 
 
 I 
 
 ^ 
 
MORKLIA — OAXACA. 
 
 261 
 
 College of 
 10 frontage. 
 s are of one 
 isinesa parts 
 ren three ; all 
 tr court. 
 , of interest 
 : the })eau- 
 r cathedral, 
 les, six con- 
 1 acqueduct, 
 Alameda in 
 )f the town, 
 atcworthy. 
 
 is occupied 
 built in the 
 } style. It is 
 *laza Mayor. 
 wood carving 
 ispecially re- 
 
 the revolu- 
 3 confiscated 
 
 (as at the 
 ipo, near the 
 clod the choir 
 overal of the 
 
 shrines with 
 s. The fonts 
 
 Piu'lAa and 
 urch was very 
 the mine- 
 istrict, it _ is 
 nt exceeding 
 
 om 1 7i)8 to 
 
 iints are ex- 
 
 nd bigottod. 
 well to lift 
 
 hi'fore any of 
 
 o kneel when 
 
 carryhig the 
 sick person. 
 
 ; nnpleasant- 
 
 ;s have taken 
 natives and 
 
 id not comply 
 The whole 
 
 Ian is stilly a 
 
 [priests, while 
 ho liepublic, 
 
 I prevail. 
 
 le seat of the 
 it has a 
 
 library with 
 
 many rare and old volumes, 
 customs offices, &c. There ai'e 
 also reception rooms (note the 
 turniture), the llall of the State 
 Congress, with a statue of 
 Hidalgo on the first floor, and a 
 portrait of tho Liberator, 
 Ocampo, from wliom the State 
 has taken its name. The trees 
 in tho Paseo and Alameda are 
 very fine specimens of ash, cedar 
 and cypress. The flowers in the 
 gardens, which are well laid 
 out, are also very beautiful. 
 The municipal palace, the ceme- 
 tery, the convents, the cotton 
 factory, the collegee and schools, 
 will occupy witli advantage tlie 
 tow days a traveller may spend 
 here. The drinking water is not 
 good, and should be filtered. The 
 town was founded in 15 U, and 
 then named the Yall idolid ; in 
 b^28 the name was chmged to 
 Morelia, after a hero of tlie War 
 of Independence, whose birth- 
 ])lace it was. 
 
 The mining districts Chapat- 
 ua':o, Ozuuiatlan and Sinda all 
 r." a^tontdO mil's from the town. 
 Excursions to the mines will he 
 found interesting, as tho moun- 
 tain scenery is very iiuo. (iold 
 and silver is found here, and the 
 whole State contains an iiumonso 
 ainount of mineral wealth. 
 Copper and iron are also 
 abundant, and there can be 
 littlo dou]>t that the railway will 
 render them more easily worked 
 and more profitable. The ancient 
 town of Zintzuntzan, tho seat of 
 the ancnent kings of Michoaean, 
 is about 20 miles distant,. The 
 population was then 4^),0(K). 
 The buildings are now in 
 complete ruin, and only a 
 fi.'w casual dwellers people the 
 empty streets. The eminences 
 and hills in the environs are said to 
 f'over the ruins of ancient palaces 
 and buildings, and it is not im- 
 probable that excavations niigat 
 
 lead to valua})le discoveries. 
 Pottery is now made here. An 
 English and an American com- 
 pany lire working the ]\loreliati 
 mines. Excursions may be male 
 to the towns of Zamorra, to L i 
 Barca and La Piedad. In the 
 neighbourhood is Xiquiljjan, with 
 its coalfield. For Europeans 
 with capital the state of Michoa- 
 can offers somj excellent oppor- 
 tunities for investments. 
 
 Wombre de Dios.- State of 
 JJurango ; 5,722 inhabitants ; 
 5,500 feet above the sea. 
 Hotels : Uiligoncias. 
 A small but thriving town near 
 the Rio Tunal, in whose valley 
 are a great many larg(» agri- 
 cultural estates. The town has 
 nothijig of interest to the 
 tourist. 
 
 Oaxaca.— Capital of tlie State of 
 tlie same name; 2f),228 inhabi- 
 tants ; 4,984 feet above the sea- 
 level. 
 
 Hotels: Nacional, de la Paz. 
 
 This town, formerly written 
 Gaa.cacd, froin the I'znjiolec- 
 Huajciiacac, and now also ealled 
 " Oaxaca de Juarez," lies about 
 25') niiles from tlie capital. It, 
 is situated in a very fertile vaUey 
 between tho Rivers Jalathuo 
 and Atoyac. Tho country is n>- 
 markilde for its fertility, it.s 
 b 'auty, and its excellent cliniiite, 
 west of the Cempoaltepcc. It is 
 one of tho ])est construeted towns 
 in Mexico, ])ossesses lini' stpiares, 
 ])u]jlic buildings, and an iupie- 
 duct which conveys good drink- 
 ing water. It has 12 churclies, 
 I) mon isterics, and 5 largo nun- 
 neries. The cathedral and many 
 of the monasteries and the 
 ai'chiepiscopal palace (it is tho 
 seat of an archbishop) are worth 
 inspecting. Magnificent gar- 
 
262 
 
 BRADSHAW S MKXICO. 
 
 I :*; i^ 
 
 I '! I 
 
 m: 
 
 \i-i 
 
 n 111 
 
 '1 * i ; , 
 
 dons and plantations produce 
 every description of fruit and 
 vegetable. The temperature is 
 very equable, ranging from 
 70 degrees to 75 degrees Fahr., 
 and seldom rising, and that only 
 in the two hottest months, to 
 y5 degrees Fahr. Near Tula is 
 a giant tree (Cupressusdisticha), 
 possibly several thousands of 
 years old. It stands 150 feet 
 high, with a crown of 500 feet in 
 circumferenc-^, and a girth of 
 stem at 4 feet above the ground 
 of 101) feet. The inhabitants 
 are chietiy Indians, and are in- 
 dustrious manufacturers of silk 
 and cotton goods, sugar, choco- 
 late, &c., &c. Each grown-up 
 male inha}>itant of the State has 
 to contribute three woi'king days 
 in each year for the pu})lic 
 works. Near the village Quio- 
 tepec, on a hill above the 
 contluence of the Rio Grande 
 and Salado Rivers, are some 
 ruins of a temple and a palace. 
 The former are G5 by 55 feet, and 
 are sum-ounled by stone steps 
 covered thi'.'kly with sculpture. 
 Oa tlie north of the hill are tlie 
 remains of 02, on the south side 
 of 58 smaller buildings. They 
 apparently date from the time of 
 the Mayas, and were already ven- 
 €ra})le from age when Cortez 
 came into Mexico. Some des- 
 cendants of Cortez are still 
 living in and near the town. 
 
 Near the village of Tlacolula 
 are the celebrated and easily- 
 accessible ruins of Mitla. These 
 are gradually becoming more 
 aud more decayed. They con- 
 sist of the remains of palaces, 
 standing on terraces and rich in 
 carefully wrought mosaics. 
 These mosaics differ considerably 
 from ordinary mosaic work, 
 demanding both more intelli- 
 gence in design and skill in 
 execution, being in relievo. 
 
 The stone- work is more ela- 
 borate here than in any of 
 the other of the Mexican ruins ; 
 their beauty is comparable to 
 that of the monuments of Greece 
 and Rome in their best days. 
 There is evidence, however, that 
 at some period they were occu- 
 pied by people less advanced in 
 architectural knowledge than 
 their builders. The distribution 
 of the apartments in these build- 
 ings is analogous to that found 
 in the monuments of Upper 
 Egypt. These ruins are perhaps 
 the most artistic to be found in 
 Mexico. 
 
 Orizaba.— Capital of the State 
 of Vera Cruz-Llave ; station of 
 Mexican Railway Company ; 82 
 miles from Vera Cruz ; 15,lfil 
 inhabitants and 4,700 feet above 
 the sea level. 
 
 HntoJs : A la Rorda, Diligen- 
 cias and Quatro Naciones. 
 
 Baths: Banos de Santa Rita, 
 on the main street. 
 
 Con veya ncc^ : Tramwaysfrom 
 the station to the hotels (fare 
 one medio real— Gx cents) ; 
 (can'insres, six reales — 75 cents — 
 an hour). 
 
 This T)usy town is situated in a 
 very fertile valley, south of ihe 
 volcano, whence it takes its 
 name. It is irregularly built, 
 has twelve churches, a college, 
 a large cotton factory, and 
 an extensive trade in tobacco and 
 sugar. The tobacco grown in 
 the district is of excellent quality, 
 and is mostly exported to 
 Cuba. The churches are in- 
 terostin.L;, especially the Paro- 
 quia^ ; El Paseo, about one half 
 mile from the hotel, is one of the 
 most })eautiful parks in Mexico. 
 A fine view is obtained of the 
 town and valley from the Cerro 
 
 'i 
 
ORIZABA — PACHUCA. 
 
 263 
 
 more oln- 
 iii any of 
 ican ruins ; 
 iparable to 
 ts of Greece 
 
 best days. 
 )wever, that 
 
 were occu- 
 advanced in 
 lodge than 
 distribution 
 , these build- 
 ) that found 
 
 of Upper 
 3 are perhaps . 
 bo found in ) 
 
 of the State 
 I ; station of 
 Company; 82 
 ;ruz ; 15,101 
 DO feet above 
 
 )rda, Diligen- 
 tciones. 
 
 Santa Eita, 
 
 ramwaysfrom 
 hotels (fare 
 Gt cents) ; 
 ; — 75 cent3 — 
 
 |3 situated in a 
 south of I he 
 it takes its 
 ularly built, 
 s, a college, 
 factory, and 
 n tobacco and 
 ICO grown in 
 
 sellent quality, 
 exported to 
 dies are in- 
 ly the Paro- 
 lout one halt' 
 is one of the 
 s in Mexico, 
 ained of the 
 lorn the Cerro 
 
 del Borrego. Here is the field of 
 battle where, on June 13, 1802, 
 the French defeated the Mexi- 
 cans. At Jalapilla, about a mile 
 and a-half south of the town, are 
 extensive sugar-cane haciendas ; 
 at the sugar mill of Seuor Brin- 
 gos, the traveller will have a 
 good opportunity of witnessing 
 the process of mjinufacture. 
 The Emperor Maximilian re- 
 sided here for a short time and 
 held his famous council to decide 
 whether he should abdicate or 
 not. A waterfall— a rare object 
 in Mexico, owing to the scarcity 
 of rivers — may be seen at Rin- 
 con Grande, about a mile east of 
 Jalapilla. There are many here 
 over forty feet in height. There is 
 another, Barrio Nuevo, of smaller 
 dimensions, on the north side of 
 Orizaba. If possible the travel- 
 lers should ascend the mountain 
 Orizaba before sunrise. The 
 view is indescribably beautiful, 
 and the sight one of the 
 grandest to be seen in Mexico 
 There is a bull-ring a^ Orizaba 
 Plaza de torros, in an old con- 
 vent — generally used on Sun- 
 days. A former church is now 
 used as the barracks. There is 
 a masonic lodge here. The 
 houses are mostly of one storey 
 only, with overhanging I'ed-tiled 
 roofs. The dwellings of the 
 poorer classes are little more 
 than huts, built of all kinds of 
 materials, such as old boards, 
 sugar-cane stalks, barrel staves, 
 
 old mattiui 
 
 etc. The cli- 
 
 mate is temperate, but humid. 
 On visiting the Registrar's 
 office, son-'/; ol'"" leeds on parch- 
 ment- .^ cu.ious and interest - 
 iug - j.n be inspected. On 
 appvoiiehing Barranca del Infer- 
 uillo, the most magnificent 
 scenery on ihe entire journey 
 is to be seen from the railway 
 carriages. 
 
 Pachuca. — Capital of the State 
 of Hidalgo; at the foot of the 
 mountains, " Real del Monte" ; 
 8,150 feet above the sea level ; 
 13,000 inhabitants. 
 
 Hotels : San Carlos. 
 
 Pachuca is essentially a 
 mining town, and of its popula- 
 tion about 5,000 are miners. It 
 contains some of the oldest 
 mines in the country, many of 
 which were worked long before 
 the Spanish conquest. The 
 cold amalgamation process was 
 invented here, and practiced in 
 ir>57. There are still here, as 
 also in I'egla, very iiaijortant 
 amalgamation works. T-he 
 patio process is now even in use at 
 some of the mines, which here 
 number about 150. Half of 
 these are in Real del Monte. 
 There is a Government school 
 of practical mining here. 
 Several English Companies and 
 one American Company are also 
 working mines. Modern and 
 improved machinery will shortly 
 be introduced, and "^vill, no 
 doubt, increase the yiehl. This 
 is one of the very few milling 
 districts in Mexico to which 
 European and Amoricau 
 
 miners have been brought. 
 Many Cornishmen are also em- 
 ployed. The ore is mainly 
 composed of black silver sul- 
 phides. A valuable coal mine 
 is also said to have been dis- 
 covered in the vicinity. Com- 
 pressed cakes of English coal 
 are now being used, and are 
 woi'tli on the ground ovei 20 dols. , 
 or £4 per ton. Excursions 
 to the mining towns of 
 Real del Monte, El Chico, and 
 Regla may be made. 
 
 Pachuca is reached by rail to 
 Irolo station ; thence by tram- 
 way in about 1 hour to che 
 Capital. 
 
 
 I 
 
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 'lir 
 
 
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 N| t f ' "• 
 
 
 I? 
 
 J 
 
 'If ^ 
 11 
 
 'i'i 
 
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 hJ 
 
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 111 
 
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 ) 
 
 2G4 
 
 inUDSHAWS -AILXICO. 
 
 * t 
 
 ! 1 fi! •( 
 
 CI 
 
 III 
 
 
 II 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 Palenque, or Na-clian. — 
 
 State ot Chiapas ; y,873 in- 
 habitants. 
 
 Tt contains an hotel with very 
 inferior accommodation. 
 
 The village, formerly a large 
 town, is reached either from 
 Frontera, or from Ciudad de las 
 Casas. The journey is a difficult 
 one, but well worth making. 
 From Ciudad de las Casas 
 and Villa Hermosa it 
 mav })e made on horse-baclc, 
 or from Frontera in a small 
 bo'vt, which must be hired to 
 ascend the Usumacinta lliver. 
 Guides, provisions, tents, rugs, 
 etc., should be taken, and the 
 tourist will do well to secure 
 some letters of introduction to 
 the local authorities, as the 
 hotel accommodation is very 
 inferior. Mexicans, however, 
 are very hospitable, and a letter 
 of introduction will work 
 wonders. Beware of various 
 kinds of insects, 
 
 Palenque, the ancient Hue- 
 huetlai)allan (and perhaps also 
 the mythic Xibalba) the tow-n of 
 the Olmecs, together with its 
 important and curious ruins, is 
 s.'luatcd on the Chacamas river, 
 which flows into the Usumasinta. 
 [t was discovered accidentally 
 in 1750, but the ruins did not 
 become known in Europe until 
 1822. Capitan del llio was the 
 first to describe them in 1787. 
 He examined 14 large edifices 
 admirably built of hewn stone, 
 and roi>orted the ruins to be 
 some Hf'ven or eight leagues 
 in extent iilnng the river, and 
 to stretch ab(Mit Inilf-a-Iciigue in- 
 land. 'Jlioy have never V'^ been 
 thoroughly examined. 'J hey con- 
 sist cliiofiy of large artificial ter- 
 races, or flat terrace i)yramids of 
 hewn stone, surmounted by build- 
 ings of curious and solid archi- 
 tecture, covered over with relie\ os 
 or drawings and hieroglyphics in 
 
 stvi'jco. They were evidently 
 coveredatone time with brilliant 
 colours. The nuijority of these 
 edifices appear to have had but 
 one floor, although some had two 
 and four floored towei-s. The 
 largest building is called "the 
 Palace," and stands on a pyramid, 
 covered Avith flat hewn stones. 
 The pvramid is 40 feet high, and 
 810 by 200 feet at its base. The 
 palace is 228 feet in length, 180 
 in breadth, and 25 in hei,:.-ht, 
 Avith a projecting stone cornice. 
 The front faces towai'ds the east. 
 There are 14 doorways, each of 
 10 feet width on the longer sides 
 and 11 on the shorter sides, with 
 pillars of from 7 to 8 feet broad. 
 The stone is covered with a 
 cement composed of lime and 
 sand, and the facade Avith 
 painted stucco. Most of this 
 stucco, hoAvever, has crumbled 
 away. A corridor, nine feet 
 wide and roofed by pointed 
 arches, ran atone time round the 
 outside of the building, and a 
 similar one inride. The pillars 
 were embellished by bas-reliefs 
 in stucco, surrounded by hiero- 
 glyphics. The proportions of the 
 human body are here better out- 
 lined than in any ruins on 
 American soil. The building 
 had four inner courts into Avhich 
 opened a number of rooms, the 
 largest 80 by 70 feet. The floor 
 of the rooms is still covered by 
 a cement not inferior to the 
 best found in i-uins of Eoman 
 baths. Into the principal court 
 loads a staircase of steps 5 by 
 8;i fev.t broad. On each side of' 
 this court are flat stones, covered 
 with figures in bas-reliefs. These 
 urn frojn 9 to 11 feet high, and 
 exhibit fantastic head-dresses and 
 n^'cklets. The second court is 
 equally long, but narrower and 
 surrounded by a corridor, the 
 pillars being adorned Avith slucco 
 figures. These had six or more 
 
 I 
 
 
PALKNQUE. 
 
 265 
 
 evidently 
 th brilliant 
 ty of these 
 -e had but 
 me had two 
 -vers. The 
 sailed "the 
 la pyramid, 
 wii stones. 
 (t high, and 
 base. The 
 length, 180 
 in hei.irht, 
 me corn ice. 
 'dsthe eatt. 
 Lys, each of 
 longer sides 
 r sides, Avith 
 feet broad, 
 red with a 
 )f lime and 
 icade ■with 
 ost of this 
 IS evuinblcd 
 ', nine feet 
 by jjointed 
 lie round the 
 ling, and a 
 The pillars 
 y bas-reliefs 
 d by hiero- 
 rtions of the 
 better out- 
 ruins on 
 le building 
 s into ^vhich 
 • rooms, the 
 The floor 
 covered, by 
 lor to the 
 of Roman 
 incipal court 
 steps 5 by 
 each side of 
 mes, covered 
 liefs. These 
 't high, and 
 I -dresses and 
 nd court is 
 arrower and 
 orridor, the 
 Iwith slucco 
 six or more 
 
 >l 
 
 layers of plaster, proving that 
 the building is very old, the 
 coating having needed renewal 
 so many times. The workman- 
 ship here and in the whole 
 building shews great excel- 
 lence. On the north side of the 
 third court is a tower, square, 
 and with three floors about 
 30 feet high, but appearing to 
 have been at the time higher 
 still. Inside is a second tower, 
 which is ascended by a narrow 
 stone staircase, leading mys- 
 teriously to a stone roof without 
 an outlet. In the eastern 
 corridor are a number of 
 stucco tablets with figures and 
 paintings. In communication 
 with the building are many 
 subterranean vaults. Others 
 are sunk into the pyramid, and 
 in them were found vases with 
 human remains, trinkets and 
 art objects. In several of the 
 rooms there are remains of altars 
 standing against the walls. 
 These were formerly covered 
 with the same tablets, figures 
 and hieroglyphics as in other 
 parts of the building. Besides 
 this huge edifice there are others 
 of less dimensions, but of not 
 loss interest. One crowns a 
 pyramid of hewn stone which 
 is so steep as to be ascended 
 with difficulty. The diagonal 
 ascent is above 100 feet high. 
 The building on the top is 
 20 by 30 feet, and has solid walls 
 on all sides except the north, 
 where there are five doorways 
 and six pillars. The whole 
 frontage is ornamented with 
 stucco. On each of the corner 
 pillars are 9G squares covered 
 with hieroglyphics ; the other 
 four pillars are embellished with 
 female figure?, well executed and 
 surrounded with hieroglyphics. 
 Within is a corridor, seven feet 
 wide, paved with broad flat stones, 
 and arched in Grothic st\le. 
 
 Behind this are three interior 
 rooms, between whose entrances 
 are similar tablets of stone, 
 13 by 8 feet, covered with hiero- 
 glyphics. On each there are 
 about 240 compound figures . The 
 three rooms are dark. In tho 
 middle one there is a tablet with 
 hieroglyphics. Another stone 
 terrace has a broad top of about 
 120 feet, on which appears a 
 temple 150 feet high in the form 
 of a pyramid. It sustains a. 
 building of 50 by 35 feet, with 
 three doorways opening to the 
 south and similar to the others. 
 Only the middle ")ne of the three 
 rooms has an interior cell of 
 13 by 8 feet, and on the stone 
 tablet inside there again is repre- 
 sented the scene of a sacrifice to 
 tho gods. Tho upper part of 
 this building forms two storeys 
 of interlaced stucco work, re- 
 sembling a trellised lattice. Tho 
 human figures are not inferior to 
 the old Greek models in grace 
 and symmetry. In the ruins of 
 other buildings are more hiero- 
 glyphics and pictorial represen- 
 tations, always connected with 
 religious subjects. Only the 
 first-mentioned palace seems to 
 have been used as a dwelling. 
 Remains of an acqueduct, about 
 four feet high, can be traced ; 
 among the ruins are monolithic 
 statues of about 14 feet long, 
 having headdresses in the form 
 of crosses. 
 
 A dense tangled vegetation al- 
 most enitrely covers these ruins, 
 and visitors will do well to take 
 a guide with them. Tho inscrip- 
 tions have not, as yet, been 
 deciphered ; owing to their groat 
 number in Palonquo, they arc 
 v\'ry important from an archan)- 
 logical point of view. No similar 
 perfection of art remains have 
 been found either in Na Chan 
 {i.i\ 7 snakes in the Tzendal 
 dialect) nor m Lorillard City 
 
.-T" 
 
 
 ./ 1^, 
 
 
 <|: 
 
 1 
 
 1 ft 1 
 
 u k 
 
 ' I' 
 
 (r: 
 
 
 'I 
 
 
 
 ! 
 
 r 
 
 li(|-^"i 
 
 r 
 
 ''■i li 
 
 I'll 
 In; 
 
 266 
 
 TiKADSIIAW S MEXICO. 
 
 (1881) ; nor in ofclior remains else- 
 where in America. Na Chan is 
 supposed to havo been tl)e 
 Capital of a roligiou.s State, 
 whoso re;?ent had been prophet, 
 priest, and king. 
 
 Papantla, State oF Vera Cruz 
 Llavo ; 14,207 inhiibitants. 
 
 Ifntels : A small inn. 
 
 This town lies in the heart of 
 a very fertile region, producing 
 the best Vanilla. Misantla, 
 Coliba, and Teutila produce ; 
 about i of the Avhole (juantity 
 exported. The town of Papantla 
 is mainly interesting for the 
 teooalli, .situated about six 
 miles from the town in a dense 
 forest. There are several in tlie 
 northern part of the State of 
 Vera Cruz Llave, namely at 
 Misantla, Tusapan, Mapilca 
 and Casones. They are attri- 
 buted to the Toltec period. The 
 Papantla teocalli is interesting 
 so far that it is built of huge 
 blocks of porphyry, well hewn 
 and put together with great skill. 
 It was accidentally discovered 
 in 1780 )>y some hunters. The 
 joints still shew traces of mortar. 
 Many of the stones are covered 
 with hieroglyphics, having refer- 
 ence to the Mexican calendar and 
 solar system. There are also 
 skilfully-executed carvings of 
 crocodiles and serpents. The 
 pyramid has seven terraces, on 
 which are li(]G recesses or i.iches, 
 and in addition 12 on the stairs 
 leading to the summit. The 
 stones are all polished. The 
 base is an exact rectangle 82 feet 
 on each side and GO feet in 
 height. The staircase is colossal 
 and contains 57 steps. 
 
 Parras de la Fuente- — Sta*^e of 
 Coahuila, in the Laguna country; 
 12,001) inhabitants; 4,I<80 feet 
 
 above the sea. A station of the 
 Mexican International Railway. 
 
 Hotels : A small inn. 
 
 Parras is a regularly-built 
 town, devoted chiefly to agricul- 
 tural pursuits. The staple 
 produce is wine, its grapes being 
 excellent. Fruit, cereals and 
 cotton are also grown in con- 
 siderable quantities. The cotton 
 crop amounts to about one 
 million pounds annually. The 
 Yucca tree is common in the 
 neighbourhood, and grows to a 
 height of 30 feet. The town has 
 little to interest. At Bueno 
 Vi.-ta is the famous battlefield 
 of 22nd February, 1847. 
 
 Paso del Norte, or El Paso. — 
 State of Chihuahua, on the 
 United States frontier ; 5,000 in- 
 habitants ; .'i,GOO feet above the 
 sea ; a small station of the Mexi- 
 can Central Hallway. 
 
 Hotels : Windsor, Central, 
 Pierson, in El Paso, or on United 
 States territory. Gallardo on 
 the Mexican side of the town. 
 
 Conveijances : Tramways. 
 Banl-o's : First National Bank. 
 
 Medical : Dr. J. Muiioz, Dr. 
 F. K. lloss. 
 
 The most northerly town of 
 Mexico, is situated on both banks 
 of the Rio Grande del Norte, the 
 northern portion belonging to the 
 Sta,te of Texas. The two portions 
 are connected by two bridg<?s, 
 one for the railw'ay and the other 
 for vehicles and passengers. The 
 northern jjart, or the United 
 States side, has a brilliant future 
 as a great railway centre. It is 
 actually now the terminus of the 
 Southern Pacitic, the Missouri 
 Pacific, the Atchison, Topeka 
 and Santa Fe, the Mexican Cen- 
 tral and Sonora Railways. 
 
 ^i! 
 
PA i'A NT L A — I'E KOI' E . 
 
 207 
 
 ion of the 
 Railway. 
 
 arly-buiit 
 ;o agricul- 
 \\Q staple 
 ipes being 
 treals and 
 n in con- 
 rhe cotton 
 bout one 
 illy. The 
 on in the 
 rows to a 
 e town has 
 At Bnena 
 battle Held 
 
 i7. 
 
 El Paso.— 
 a, on the 
 r ; 5,000 in- 
 above the 
 •f the Mexi- 
 
 Central, 
 on United 
 allardo on 
 le town. 
 
 nways. 
 
 ionalBank. 
 
 ^luiloz, Dr. 
 
 y town of 
 both banks 
 1 Norte, the 
 ngingtothe 
 wo portions 
 ro bridges, 
 id the other 
 ngers. The 
 the United 
 liant future 
 itre. It is 
 ninus of the 
 le Missouri 
 on , Topeka 
 exican C en- 
 ways. 
 
 The town was founded in 1G80. 
 It is an important military 
 station, in a fertile, well irrigated 
 and cultivated valley, where 
 much maize, wheat and excellent 
 wine and brandy are produced. 
 There is an important Custom 
 House here. Trade is still carried 
 on with the surrounding districts 
 in old-fashioned caravans, which 
 are accompanied by armed 
 guards. There is little in the 
 shape of buildings in either part 
 of the town to interest the 
 traveller. The width of the 
 river at El Paso is estimated at 
 from 400 to COO feet. 
 
 Patzcuaro. — State of Michoacan 
 de (Jcanipo; about 8,000 inhabi- 
 tants ; 7,100 feet above the sea ; 
 a station of the Mexican National 
 Railway. 
 
 Hotels : Diligencias-'. 
 
 This quaint old town lies in a 
 valley, surrounded by densely- 
 wooded glens. Its streets are 
 narrow and tortuous, but the 
 squares are large. The climate 
 is delightful and the ancient 
 Kings of iMichoacan were wont 
 to resort here for health. The 
 lake of same name lies a few 
 miles from the town and the 
 scenery around it is very beauti- 
 ful. The word Patzcuaro is 
 Indian in origin, and signifies the 
 " place of pleasure." The popu- 
 lation, especially round the lake, 
 is chiefly Indian and speaks the 
 Tarasc dialect. Tiie lake is 
 about 30 miles in circumference 
 and has live small islands 
 scattered over it. The view 
 from the hills near the town 
 is very striking, reminding the 
 traveller of the Upper Italian 
 lakes. The district is thoroughly 
 Mexican, and is very fertile anil 
 well cultivated. Excursions may 
 be made to Uruapan, distant by 
 
 horse or mule 47 miles. Much 
 coffee and sugar is produced here 
 and there is a cotton factory. 
 Pottery is also largely manufac- 
 tured. The cast-atle is worth 
 visiting. Forty miles leyond 
 Uruapan is Tancitaro, interest- 
 ing on account of the rich 
 agricultural region through 
 which the road to it passes. 
 The journey can lie done 
 only on horseback or mules, 
 either of which can be purchased 
 at from.'?2.j to S'JO. Patzcuaro is 
 also the best starting place for 
 trips to Jorullo, c'nX Ario, 55 
 miles distant by higli road. 
 
 La Paz.— Capital of the State tjf 
 California, and a seaport on the 
 Gulf of California ; 2,8'JG inhabi- 
 tants. 
 
 Hotels: A small inn. 
 
 This town, i'ormerly called 
 Bahia de Santa Cruz (Corte/, 
 landed here in 15'J.")) has a very 
 good harbour, sheltered by a 
 number of small islands. The 
 situation is extremely picturesque. 
 There are extensive pearl 
 lisherics,andthe exports and im- 
 ports are increasing. In AV 
 Valle, near Triunfo, are seven 
 mines, belonging to an American 
 Company, and producing monthly 
 aV)OUt 5((,0il0 dols. Close by are 
 gold niines. The divers occupied 
 in the pi'arl fisheries are Yaqui- 
 Indians. Near Multje, on the 
 Es})iritu Santo Island, are rich 
 cop])or mines. 
 
 Perote.— State of Mexico; 700 
 inhabitants. 
 
 A small village, near an old 
 fortress, situated on an iinx)reg- 
 nable table rock. The fortress 
 is now a x>rison (1870), the 
 Arsenal and garrison were re- 
 moved to the Presidio San 
 Carlos. 
 
208 
 
 BIJADSHAW S iMEXlCO. 
 
 If , 
 
 if 
 
 • r' 
 
 1 
 
 (I 
 
 
 I 
 
 |l' 
 
 ■ i 
 
 - 1 
 
 j I'l! 
 
 Potosi, or Sun Luis Poto.s'i. — 
 Capital of the State of tho same 
 iiaiuM ; .*U,;j()() inliabitaiits ; (},IW 
 feet above tlie sea ; a station of 
 the Mexican Central llailvvay. 
 
 Hotels : San Carlos, San 
 Fernando, del I'rogreso, San 
 Luis, Anierieano. 
 
 Conreiifinrt's : Train ways (faro 
 G| cents), carriages 4 reales = 
 
 2 shillinj^s, on we(dc-da.y.s ; G 
 reales=3 sliillings, on Sundays 
 and festivals. 
 
 Vo.^t Office : CiiUe de Ilayon. 
 
 Pat}is : Very fine in tho Calle 
 do Kayon (San Jose), price 
 
 3 and 4 roales, or L^ to 2 
 shillings. 
 
 Bariker.'i : Pitman & Co., 
 opposite tho Cathedral, on tho 
 Plaza Mayor. 
 
 Potosi is a roi?ularlv-l)uilt anl 
 fine town, founded in 15N(). The 
 streets are In'oad, crossing each 
 other at right angles and are well 
 paved. The town is surrounded 
 by beautiful gardens, and the 
 climate is delightful, the ther- 
 mometer rarely failing to freez- 
 ing point. Tho commerce of tho 
 town is very important. It is 
 339 miles distant from tho 
 Capital Mexico, and situated on 
 the eastern slope of the high 
 plain of Anahuac. Electric 
 light and telephones are in use. 
 Eventually the town will be one 
 of the most important railway 
 centres in the Republic. There 
 are many fine private buildings, 
 a cathedral, five churches, three 
 convents, an aqueduct, a Plaza 
 Mayor, etc., of interest. 
 
 The beautiful clock on one of 
 the cathedral towers was a 
 present from one of the kings of 
 Spain. Tho view from tlie 
 towers is very fine. The monu- 
 ment on the Plaza Mayor was 
 erected to the memory of the 
 Ijatriot Hidalgo. The hospi- 
 
 tality (^f tlie inha])itant3 i.s pro- 
 verbial. Three times a week a 
 military band plays in tho Plaza ; 
 and during winter, balls are 
 given, invitations to which can 
 be easily obtained. Stage- 
 coaches run from here in every 
 direction, and tho town is ex- 
 pected to b*'conie a serious rival 
 to the capital as soon as the 
 railway lines shall have been 
 completed. The inhabitants pay 
 a 3 per cent, tax on their annual 
 income to defray the expenses 
 of the railway to Tampico. The 
 surrounding country is very 
 fertile, an-.l all varieties of fruits 
 and grain are grown. Tho town 
 has an extensive trade in shoos, 
 saddlery, groceries, leather, 
 cassimeres and hats, both of 
 home and foreign manufacture. 
 Tho mines are little worked, 
 owing to want of capital, though 
 they are rich. The celebrated 
 San Pedro mine is close to the 
 town. Tho roof of this mine 
 has now fallen in, but experts 
 believe that a largo body of ore 
 is stiJl existing in this, one of the 
 richest Mexican mines. From 
 tho enormous wealth the mines 
 yielded, the district and town 
 obtained their name of Potosi. 
 
 Progreso.— State of Yucatan; 
 seaport on tho Mexican Gulf; 
 l,yOO inhabitants; railway to 
 Morida. 
 
 Hoteh : A small inn ; the 
 American Consul will help to 
 find lodgings. 
 
 A smalltown, chiefly inhabited 
 by Indians. It is well laid out, 
 the streets are broad, and cross 
 each other at right angles. The 
 houses are mostly of one storey, 
 built of mortar with thatched 
 roofs. The tourist will be 
 interested by the market scene 
 in the mornings on the Plaza, 
 
rOTOSI — PUEBLA (la). 
 
 2C9 
 
 ts Ia pro- 
 a woek a 
 liL' Plaza ; 
 halls are 
 vhich can 
 Stagc- 
 } in every 
 wn is ex- 
 ious rival 
 u as tlie 
 lave been 
 )itautspay 
 3ir annual 
 
 exi)enses 
 pieo. The 
 
 is very 
 ;s of fruits 
 
 The town 
 ' in shoes, 
 leather, 
 , both of 
 .nufacture. 
 e worked, 
 tal, though 
 celebrated 
 oso to the 
 
 this mine 
 ut experts 
 ody of ore 
 , one of the 
 les. From 
 
 the mines 
 
 and town 
 >f Potosi. 
 
 Yucatan ; 
 lean Gulf; 
 railway to 
 
 inn ; the 
 ill help to 
 
 y inhabited 
 1 laid out, 
 and cross 
 gles. The 
 one storey, 
 thatched 
 will be 
 rket scene 
 the Plaza. 
 
 1 
 
 IJaths are taken in he surf. 
 Cactus and cocoa-palms prow in 
 great numbers around the town. 
 Much hemp, rice and maize is 
 grown, and the former is ex- 
 ported in large quantities to the 
 States. Twenty-two miles dis- 
 tant (railway) is ^[erida, the 
 capital of the State, with cele- 
 brated ruins. 
 
 Puebla (La), now Puebla de 
 Saragoza. Capital of the State 
 of PueV»hi ; 04,588 inhabitants ; 
 7,200 feet above the sea. In 
 railway connection with Vera 
 Cruz and the Cajiital. 
 
 Hotels : Diligencias, Espanol, 
 del Cristo, del Recreo. 
 
 Caf6s and Restaurants on the 
 Plaza Mayor. 
 
 Batlis : Adjoining Paseo viejo 
 (1 real). 
 
 Conveyances : Tramways (fare 
 one medio real {C)\ cents) ; car- 
 riages, 50 cents an hour on week 
 days ; Sundays and holy days, 
 75 cents. 
 
 Puebla ranks third among the 
 towns of Mexico in size and 
 population. It is situated in a 
 healthy and fertile plain, west of 
 Orizaba and Nanhcampatepetl, 
 and cast of Popocatepetl and 
 Iztaccihuatl, the highest moun- 
 tains of the country. It was 
 founded in 1531, on the plain of 
 Acajete or Cuitlaxcopan. The 
 streets are regularly laid out, 
 broad, clean, and well paved, 
 and with good, broad sidewalks. 
 The houses are large and flat- 
 roofed, and generally three 
 storeys high; their front? orna- 
 mented with coloured irlr^ed 
 bricks. An aqueduct provides 
 Puebla with very good (Irinling 
 water, and supplies 44 fountains 
 scattered over the town. Puebla 
 is a very paradise of priests ; a 
 priestly town which defies Rome 
 
 as in the 16th century. Tlicre are 
 here no less than (52 churches (4.'i 
 of them large), nine monasterii's, 
 18 convents, 2-i seminaries, and 
 78 elementary, i)rivate and free 
 schools. 'J'be most important 
 building is the large and magni- 
 ficent cathedral, finished in 1(541). 
 It has two steeples ; the interior 
 is richly })ut meretriciously 
 adorned, but in spite of this is 
 one of the grandest Imildings of 
 Spanish America. The superl) 
 high altar (1810) is a most im- 
 liortant work. The massive 
 silver altar tallies, silver railings, 
 gold and silver candlesticks 
 (weighing about one hundred- 
 weight) ; the candelabras, jn 
 massive silver, 48 feet high, the 
 wood carvings of the choir, and 
 the onyx work combine to make 
 this church one of the richest 
 and noblest in the new world. 
 Among other noteworthy 
 churches are those of San 
 Felipe Neri, San Francisco, San 
 Cristobal and I-a Compania. 
 There are colonnades round the 
 Plaza Mayor ; 20 public squares, 
 and two parks. The other impor- 
 tant buildings are : The Govern- 
 ment palace, on the l^laza 
 Mayor, the episcopal palace, 
 three hospitals, one covered 
 market (el Parian), the museum, 
 theatre, etc. The institutions 
 for ijublic instruction are the 
 best in the country. There 
 are six colleges here. As regards 
 commercial industries the town 
 of Puebla holds the first 
 })lace among the towns of 
 Mexico. Glass, earthenware 
 and poi'colain, soap, swords, and 
 woollen goods are manufactured 
 here. The upper classes of the 
 population are considered highly 
 intelligent, and independent of 
 clerical influence, very hospit- 
 able, and very benevolent. The 
 lower classes, however, have the 
 reputation of being the most 
 
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 23 WL'ST MAtN STREt/ 
 
 WEBSTER, N.V < *S80 
 
 (716) 872-4503 
 
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270 
 
 BUADSHAW S MEXICO. 
 
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 degraded in the whole country. 
 Extensive gardens surround the 
 toAvn. Close to Puebla is Fort 
 Guadalujje, and some hot sul- 
 phurous springs with extensive 
 swimming baths, and an excellent 
 bathing establishment. The 
 traveller should ascend one of 
 the towers of the cathedral, 
 whence the view obtained is very 
 grand. The adjoining town of 
 Cholula — westward — with its 
 ruins, merits close exanaination . 
 The ascent of the mountains is 
 sometimes made from Puebla, 
 but m^re generally from 
 Amecameca, a small village. 
 
 Puerto del Carmen.— State 
 of Campeche, on the island of 
 Carmen, on the Laguna de 
 Termiuos ; 7,387 inhabitants. 
 Hotels : Only a small inn. 
 
 The town is situated at the 
 mouth of the Sumaciuta, in a 
 poorly cultivated district, but 
 one rich in forests. The popula- 
 tion consists mainly or Indians, 
 who work in these forests, felling 
 trees, etc. The export trade in 
 Campeche wood was formerly 
 important. The dye - wood 
 forests having, however, been 
 ruined through mismanagement, 
 the commerce of Campeche has 
 almost disappeared. Small 
 quantities of sugar are still 
 exported. 
 
 Queretaro. — Capital of the 
 State of Queretaro, the smallest 
 in the Republic ; 87,050 inhabi- 
 tants ; 5,DU4 feet above the 
 sea; Mexican Centi*al Hallway 
 Station. 
 
 Hotels : Del Ferrocarril, 
 Central, del Aguila Roja, Dili- 
 gencias, Ruiz, and Hidalgo. 
 
 Post Office : Calle de Locu- 
 torios. 
 
 Baths : In the same street. 
 
 Bankers: Andres Meiran. 
 
 Medical : Dr. Lawson, Dr. 
 Esquivel. 
 
 Queretaro is the most busy 
 town, commercially, in the 
 country. It is charmingly 
 situated at the foot of a hill, is 
 regularly built, and possesses 
 many fine edifices. It has band- 
 some promenades, and 11 con- 
 vents. The water for the town 
 is conveyed by an aqueduct about 
 nine miles long, and in some 
 places resting upon arches over 
 yO feet high. It also has three 
 large square8,beautiful churches, 
 the largest cotton mill in the 
 country, employing 1,400 hands, 
 and woollen and soap manu- 
 factories. The town was founded 
 by the Aztecs about the middle 
 of the 15th century, and con- 
 quered by the Spaniards, under 
 Fernan de Tapia, in 1531. The 
 climate is tempei'ate, and the 
 surrounding country grows 
 almost everything. Amongst 
 the places of interest may be 
 mentioned the cathedral, 
 churches of Santa Clara (with its 
 exquisitely gilt wood carvings), 
 San Domingo, El Carmen, de la 
 Cruz, Santa Rosa, San Antonio, 
 and San Agostin. IJl cerro de 
 las Campa)ias, or mountain of 
 the bells, should be ascended for 
 a view of the valley ; the 
 Hercules Cotton Mills, and the 
 Alameda ai*e also worth visiting. 
 On the Cerro de las Campanas 
 the Emperor Maximilian was 
 shot, June 19th, 18i 7- The 
 Hercules Cotton Mills will be 
 found interesting, and its owner, 
 Don Cayetano Rubio, is very 
 obliging in abmitting strangers. 
 
 Rial de los Alamos.— State 
 
 of Sonora; 5,500 inhabitants. 
 
 Hotels : A small inn. 
 Rial, a small town, chief of 
 the mining district. The site is 
 
PUERTO DKL CARMEN — SALTILLO. 
 
 271 
 
 ilinn was 
 
 (?i a very bai'ren plain. The 
 Presidios, or forts, erected on the 
 frontier, to keep the Indians in 
 check are now entirely useless. 
 
 Rosario (El).— Stateof Sinaloa ; 
 4,94G inhabitants. 
 Hotels : Diligencias. 
 
 A mining and commercial town 
 in a deep gorge, with narrow, 
 but clean streets. A great many 
 of the merchants doing business 
 in the sickly port of Mazatlan 
 have their residences here. 
 Besides the vegetation and 
 scenery there is little to interest 
 the tourist. 
 
 San Bias.— stateof Jalisco, and 
 a sea])ort on the Pacific coast ; 
 3,500 inhabitants ; a station of 
 the Mexican Central Raihvav. 
 Hotels : A small inn. 
 
 The harbour is a mere shallow 
 estuary. Some salt is produced. 
 The climate is very unhealthy, 
 Oopecially during the rainy 
 season. The town itself is 
 irregularly built, and no build- 
 ings in any way noteworthy exist. 
 It is one of the oldest towns of 
 North America. In the hot or 
 rainy season most of the inhabit- 
 ants leave the town and go 
 further up country. Close to the 
 town is the Cerro de San Juan, 
 7,750 feet high. Dense forests 
 of tropical trees and plants 
 surround the town. Nine miles 
 from the town are the ruins of 
 the old San Bias, which had 
 once as many as 20,000 inhabit- 
 ants. 
 
 San Juan del Rio.— State of 
 Quert'taro ; 12,000 inhabitants ; 
 C,300 feet above the, sea ; a 
 station of the Mexican Central 
 Railway. 
 
 Hotels : Diligencias. 
 
 Restaurant : At station. 
 
 This town is situated in a 
 broad valley, producing muc 
 grain. The streets are well 
 paved and wide. Woollen goods 
 were once largely manufactured 
 in the town, but this industry is 
 now on the decline. There is 
 little to interest the tourist here. 
 
 Salamanca.— State of Guana- 
 juato; 28,{M>G inhabitants; 5,400 
 feet above the sea. 
 
 Hotels: Cortiizar, Diligencias. 
 
 A pleasant town on the Biijio 
 or plain, with charming sul)ur})3 
 and important cotton mills. 
 Leather goods and gloves -are 
 staple i)roduct3 ; the latter aro 
 offered for sale in the trains. 
 Kaolin and white clay exist here 
 and are used in the potteries. 
 From Salamanca, Lake Chapala, 
 the largest in Mexico, may con- 
 veniently be visited. The town 
 of Salamanca itself has little of 
 interest. 
 
 Saltillo.— Capital of the State 
 of Coahuila; 11,340 inhabit- 
 auts ; 5,200 feet above the 
 sea ; a station of the Mexican 
 National Bailway. 
 
 Hotels: San Esteban, Filo- 
 polita, and some smaller inns. 
 
 Ba n ke rs .- VVm . Pu rcell . 
 
 Medical : Dr. Bibb, Dr. Gregg. 
 
 Saltillo is a clean, well-built 
 town, and very healtliy. Tho 
 water is brought from the 
 mountains by a long aqueduct. 
 The cathedral is worth a visit. 
 There are several s([uaros and an 
 alameda, as also a bull-ring, and 
 a small garrison. 'J'he principal 
 trade i.: iii goat and sheep skins ; 
 there are several cotton factories 
 in the neighbourhood. Tho 
 town has a future. A fort, built 
 by the French, lies behind the 
 
 '■ 1 
 
272 
 
 JJRADSHAW S MEXICO. 
 
 \*' 
 
 I i 
 
 
 1 \ 
 
 \m 
 
 Hw 
 
 town. The climate is temperate 
 and dry, and an American Hotel 
 is in course of erection. Owins? 
 to its equable temperature, 
 Saltillo is a suitable winter 
 abode for invalids. A wagon 
 road conducts to Monclova or 
 Coahuila, about 120 miles 
 distant. 
 
 Santa Eulalia. — State of 
 Chibuithua ; 1,500 inhabitjints. 
 
 Hotels : Ferrocarril, Dili- 
 gen cias. 
 
 A desolate spot, whose 
 inhabitants, mostly miners, 
 dwell in caves. They now work, 
 principally, abandoned mines 
 which have ceased to pay. 
 Foi'nierly more than 200 mines 
 were worked in this district, 
 which yielded, from 1703 to 
 1833, more than 350,000,000 dols. 
 of silver. Not very far from 
 Villa de la Concepcion, which is 
 only inhabited by Tarahumara 
 Indians, are the celebrated 
 silver mines of Jesus Maria, in 
 the Sierra Madre ; these are 
 very rich in auriferous silver 
 ore, but have been flooded 
 sin^'e the War of Independence, 
 and are now plundered by 
 Gambusinos. 
 
 Santa Magdalena.— State of 
 Sonora ; 3,000 inhabitants ; a 
 station of the Sonora Railway. 
 Hotels : Diligencias. 
 
 A small village, chiefly note- 
 worthy on account of the large 
 fair held here in October each 
 year. 
 
 Silao. — State of Guanajuato ; 
 about 9,000 inhabitants ; 5,91G 
 feet above the sea ; station of 
 the Mexican Central Railway. 
 
 Hotels : Hidalgo, Diligencias. 
 
 Jiestaurants : Del Ferrocarril. 
 
 The town is regularly built, 
 has wide streets, which cross 
 each other at right angles. The 
 bouses ai'e mostly of one storey, 
 except on the plaza. There is 
 little or nothing of interest 
 in the town itself. The 
 surrounding country is ex- 
 ceedingly fertile, and two crops 
 of wheat are grown annually. 
 Irrigation, however, is neces- 
 sary, and this is carried out in a 
 somewhat primitive manner. 
 The method of sowing, culti- 
 vating, and reapinor the wheat 
 resembles that used in Lower 
 Egypt. 
 
 Socomisco or Tapachnla, State 
 of Chiapas; 4,712 inhabitants. 
 No inn. 
 
 A maritime town , with a bad 
 port, only known as shipping" 
 the best cocoa the district 
 j)roduces — some say the best iii 
 the world. 
 
 Sombrerete.— State of Zaca- 
 tecas ; 18, 002 inhabitants; 7,750 
 feet above the sea level. 
 Hotels : Diligencias. 
 
 A mining town, with very well- 
 know n silver mines, which, how- 
 ever, are now mostly flooded. 
 Their yield has considerably 
 diminished of late years. 
 
 Tampico, or Santa Ana de 
 Tam^ulipas. — State of Tamku- 
 lipas, on the Panuco and Tamesi 
 rivers ; 11,G82 inhabitants ; 
 station of the Mexican Central 
 railway, and a seawrt. 
 
 Hotels : A small inn. 
 
 This port of entry is situated 
 about nine miles from the mouth 
 of the river, in a very picturesque 
 positicyi. It Las broad and 
 regularly built streets, fine 
 houses, two churches, two hos- 
 pitals, a custom house, and a 
 
 f\ 
 
SANTA EULALIA — TEOTIHUACAN. 
 
 273 
 
 •ly built, 
 ch cross 
 OS. The 
 e storey, 
 There is 
 
 iuterestr 
 If. The 
 
 is ox- 
 wo crops 
 annually, 
 is neces- 
 l out in a 
 
 manner. 
 tig, culti- 
 ;he wheat 
 in Lower 
 
 nla, State 
 kbitants. 
 
 itli a bad 
 
 sliippinff 
 
 district 
 
 e best in 
 
 of Zaca- 
 its; 7,750 
 
 very well- 
 lichjhow- 
 floodecl. 
 isiderably 
 
 rs. 
 
 Ana de 
 Tamku- 
 id Tamesi 
 abitants ; 
 Central 
 
 situated 
 :ho mouth 
 cturesque 
 oad and 
 ets, fine 
 two hos- 
 se, and a. 
 
 prison. Now that the country 
 behind it is opened up by the 
 luilways, the port has a promis- 
 ing future. The harbour is not 
 safe, and at the mouth of the 
 river is a dangerous bar. Plans 
 to improve it are now })e'ng 
 worked out. The river and the 
 lagoons are full of crocodiles 
 and sharks abound. The towr 
 has a very hot climatr», and 
 inpects of various sorts, especially 
 mosquitoes, are common. The 
 mango groves are tenanted by 
 various sorts of tropical birds, 
 insects and reptiles. In the 
 environs the Agave Mexicana 
 grows wild, giving the Istle in 
 large quantities. The principal 
 exports are skins, tallow, bones, 
 sarsaparilla, Vanilla, jalap, wool 
 and goat skins. Near Iluas- 
 teca coals are found, but the 
 mines are not scientifically 
 worried. In 1877 the total ex- 
 ports from Tampico amounted to 
 1,036,885 dols. 
 
 Tasco de Alarcon,or Tlajco.— 
 State of Guerrero ; 12,400 in- 
 habitants ; 5,500 feet above the 
 the sea. 
 
 Hotels: Two small inns. 
 
 This irregularly-built town is 
 the olde,. t of the Mexican mining 
 towns. It is now altogether 
 abandoned, but about 100 years 
 ago the yield from here was 
 enormous. The cathedral is 
 very fine, and is said to have cost 
 500,000 dols. 
 
 Tehuacan.— State of Oaxaca ; 
 about 10,000 inhabitants ; con- 
 nected by tramway with Esper- 
 anza, on the railway line from 
 Vera Cruz to the Capital. 
 
 Hotels : Ferrocarril, Diligen- 
 cias. 
 
 Conveifcuice : Tramway. 
 
 This town has little of interest 
 except its situation in a very 
 fertile plain, and as being the 
 chief resting place on the 
 journey to Tecomabapa (an inn) 
 and Oaxaci. Those desiring to 
 make this trip should carry pro- 
 visions with them. The journey 
 is made on horseback, and, as it 
 leads through one of the most 
 mountainous and wildest parts 
 of the country, the traveller 
 must not be sui'prised at having 
 to pass the night in the huts of 
 the natives. The country is 
 cove'.ed with ruins of ancient 
 Tzapotec civilization. 
 
 Tehuantepec- State of Oaxa- 
 ca, on the Isthmus of Tehuan- 
 tepec ; 12,000 inhabitants; 125 
 feet above the sea. 
 
 Hotels : FeiTocarril, Isthmo. 
 The town is mostly inhabited 
 by the Tzapotecos, who speak a 
 Imguage of their own. It is 
 situated on the River Tehuan- 
 tepec. Its cathedral was built 
 in 1530 by the last prince of the 
 Tzapotecos, together with l(> 
 churches. Its jiarbour is bad. 
 About five miles above the town 
 on the mountains are salt 
 springs, and also extensive ruins 
 of an old town and fortress. In 
 the opposite directiDU, near San 
 Domingo, are large subterranean 
 grottoes. On the Cierro Prieto 
 hot mineral springs occur. 
 Cochineal is produced in 
 quantities in the surrounding 
 country. 
 
 Teotihuacan, or San Juan de 
 Teotihuacan ; about 30 miles 
 from the capital. 
 
 Hotels : Only a 
 provisions should 
 from the capital. 
 
 Teotihuacan — i.e 
 
 small fonda ; 
 be brought 
 
 (( 
 
 of the 
 
 gods," 
 
 ]\Iountain 
 was under the 
 
^ 
 
 274 
 
 BRADSUAW S ilKXICO. 
 
 
 •'i\ ;* 
 
 .;' !■. 
 
 »l 
 
 } ■ 7 1 
 
 vf 
 
 
 f .'' 
 
 ,1 
 
 Itii 
 
 II 
 
 Toltec rule; a larpo town, and 
 the rival of Tula. It is said to 
 have exceeded 25 miles in cir- 
 cumference. It is now only a 
 small village, and remarkable 
 solely for the ruins of the 
 teocallis— i.e., pyramids and 
 temples. They rank in age next 
 to the Cholula temples. The 
 two largest are dedicated to Sun 
 and Moon respectively. The 
 former is 180 feet high and G82 
 feet in length at the base on 
 each side. The platform is about 
 75 feet square. Three terraces 
 are still visible. The material is 
 basalt and trachyte rock, and is 
 in good preservation. The top 
 is said to have been occupied by 
 a temple of the Sun. It con- 
 tained a colossal statue of this 
 deity sculptured from one block 
 of stone, and bearing a breast- 
 plate of gold and silver. Haif- 
 a-mile to the north was the 
 temple dedicated to the Moon, 
 and having only two terraces. 
 The platform is about 20 by 
 40 feet, and made of the same 
 material as the Sun Temple. 
 The teocaUis are supposed by 
 some to have been temples, while 
 others consider them as burial 
 places of dead chieftains. In 
 the case of the Moon Temple 
 a gallery has been dug half-way 
 into the ruins, in order to dis- 
 cover whether, like the Egyptian 
 pyramids, they were hollow, but 
 no interior space was found. A 
 great number of smaller teocallis, 
 not exceeding 25 feet in height, 
 lie around the principal ones, 
 and are said to have been dedi- 
 cated to the stars, and to have 
 served as burial i)laces for 
 illustrious dead. They are all 
 square, the sides facing the car- 
 dinal points of the compass. 
 Arrow-heads ind blades of 
 obsidian are still abundant in 
 the environs. The plain in which 
 they are is called Llano de los 
 
 Cnes ; in Mexican, Micoatl, or 
 *' road of the dead." 
 
 The village is a station of 
 th« Mexican Railway Company, 
 but distant about l\ miles from 
 the line. 
 
 Tepic— State of Jalisco; 24,788 
 inhabitants ; 3,100 feet above the 
 sea ; a station of the Mexican 
 Central llailway. 
 
 Hotels : A tolei'ably good inn. 
 
 Tepic is a manufacturing town, 
 well built in the midst of a richly- 
 cultivated country, separated 
 from the sea by the Cerro de San 
 Juan. It is surrounded by 
 beautiful gardens and walks. 
 Sugar, cotton, and especially 
 cigar factories are numerous. 
 The cigars made here are of 
 superior quality. The buildings 
 are not striking, and the town 
 itself offers little of interest. 
 
 Texcoco. — State of Mexico, 
 o])posito the Capital on the 
 Lake of Texcoco ; 15,G26 
 inhabitants ; former Capital of 
 the Kings of Acolhuacan. 
 
 Hotels : Only inns for natives. 
 
 The houses are mostly built of 
 the ruins of the ancient Mexican 
 temple, of which scarcely a trace 
 remains. Between the Capital 
 and Texcoco there is steamboat 
 communication. The lake is 
 becoming every year shallower. 
 Here is the sole glass manufactory 
 which Mexico possesses. It em- 
 ploys only about 30 hands, and 
 even they do not work full time. 
 About 30 miles to the north-east 
 are the ruins of Teotihuacan, 
 near the village of San Juan de 
 Teotihuacan (see this). 
 
 Tlalpam, or San Agostino de 
 las Cuevas. — Until 1830 Capital 
 of the State of Mexico ; 6,200 
 inhabitants. 
 
 iri) 
 
TKPIC — TOLUCA. 
 
 275 
 
 icoatly or 
 
 itation of 
 Company, 
 liles iroiu 
 
 co; 24,788 
 t above the 
 e Mexican 
 
 ,r good inn. 
 
 iringtown, 
 
 of a richly- 
 
 soparatod 
 
 jrrode San 
 
 »undod by 
 
 ind walks. 
 
 especially 
 
 numerous. 
 
 i?re are of 
 
 lO buildings 
 
 I the town 
 
 if interest. 
 
 ■ Mexico, 
 d on the 
 ; 15,020 
 Capital of 
 Lcan. 
 
 for natives, 
 stly built of 
 'ut Mexican 
 'cely ati'ace 
 he Capital 
 steamboat 
 le lalce is 
 shallower, 
 nanufactory 
 ?es. It em- 
 hands, and 
 k full time, 
 north-east 
 eotihuacan, 
 an Juan do 
 
 ). 
 
 Lgostino de 
 830 Capital 
 xico ; 0,200 
 
 A small town with largo 
 gai'dens to every house. Only 
 interesting as a beautiful and 
 healthy residence for Mexicans 
 during the summer months. 
 Many have their villas here. 
 
 Tlalpujaliua de Rayon.— 
 
 Stat<? of Michoacan de Ocampo ; 
 1>,823 inhabitants ; 7,500 feet 
 above the pea level. Station (El 
 Oro) of the Mexican National 
 Kailway. 
 Hotels : A small inn. 
 
 This was one of the oldest and 
 most important mining towns of 
 ^lexico. The place itself — 
 }»eyond the mines — offers little of 
 interest to the tourist. The 
 mines — gold and sil "r — are said 
 to have been worked before the 
 Spanish conquest. Tlu^ place is 
 also celebrate as the iirst one 
 which rose against Spanish rule 
 — under the priest Morelos. 
 Hidalgo had the first cannons 
 which were employed against the 
 Spaniards cast here. 
 
 • 
 
 Tlaxcala. — Capital of the State 
 of same name; 9,710 inhabitants. 
 
 Hotels : Diligoncias. 
 
 This old Aztec town had, 
 before the Spanish conquest, 
 above 100,000 inhabitants, but 
 has since then much diminished 
 in size. It has fine, regular streets, 
 and a handsome cathedral. 
 Under the Aztec rule, each of the 
 four hills on which it stands had its 
 own cacique, or war chief. The 
 environs are covered with the 
 ruins of old buildings. On one 
 of the teocalli stands a large 
 Franciscan Monastery, one of 
 the oldest in the country. 
 
 Todos Santos.— State of Lower 
 California ; 2,000 inhabitants. 
 
 Hotels : A small inn. 
 
 A rising place, with the 
 mission close by. There is a 
 church (135 feet high), aciuivent, 
 and several other buildings, 
 covering in all about 30 acres, 
 and surrounded by a wall 110 
 feet high and 10 feet thick. 
 The peninsula was for a long 
 time governed from this convent. 
 It is situated in a valley, rich in 
 tropical and subtropical plants, 
 and the environs are extremely 
 beautiful. Cotton, rice, sugar 
 cane, coffee, bananas, pine apples, 
 cocoa and sago palms, date, 
 orange, lemon, olive, fig and 
 tamarind trees comiMDse the 
 vegetation. 
 
 Toluca.— Capital of the State of 
 Mexico; about 8,.500 feet above 
 the sea level ; 12,300 inhabitants ; 
 staticm of the Mexican National 
 Railway. 
 
 Hotels : Espagnol, Hidalgo, 
 Gran Sociedad, and Bella Union. 
 
 Coft^s and Restaumnts ; 
 Several on the plaza. 
 
 Ninths : Calle de Victoria. 
 
 Theatre: At the back of the 
 Hotel Gran Sociedad. 
 
 Cnnveijiiuces : Carriages, four 
 reales per hour. 
 
 A regularly well-built, thriving 
 and charming town, at the foot of 
 the porphyry mountains — Tutu- 
 cuitlalpillo, in a plain, productive 
 of maize and maguey. Tho 
 streets are well drained and 
 clean. Pulque is made here in 
 large quantities, and sent to tho 
 Capital. Most of the streets 
 have colonnades. There are large 
 soap and candle manufactories 
 here, while its hams and sausages 
 are famous. Toluca is, with the 
 exception of Amecameca, tho 
 highest place in the Republic. 
 The Nevado de Toluca — an ex- 
 tinct volcano — is the chief object 
 of interest. In the town tho 
 
276 
 
 HIIADSHAW 8 MEXICO. 
 
 ii'f 
 
 ' . J' •* ' I 
 
 t h 
 
 iill 
 
 ■il 
 
 i 
 
 i : 
 
 i . ,^t 
 
 ]U 
 
 Palacio Municipal or town-liall, 
 the Carmen church and monas- 
 tery, the Vera Cruz church, 
 Plaza do Martiros — with marble 
 monument of Miguel Hidalgo; 
 and the paseo or park are all 
 worth a visit. The view from 
 the hill on the south-west of the 
 town — aV./dt 15 minutes' walk — 
 will give the tourist a very good 
 idea of the city and its topo- 
 graphy. 
 
 The excursion up the Nevado 
 de Toluca requires two complete 
 days. Rugs, provisions, guides, 
 and horses must be taken from 
 Toluca. The view from the top 
 is very extensive. A hut, in 
 which to pass the night, has 
 been built a little below the 
 timber line. Humbolt says that 
 the highest point of tho Pico del 
 Fraile is very difficult of ascent. 
 Its summit is scarcely 10 feet 
 fiquai'o. The country around 
 Toluca is very fertile,, especially 
 in the direction of Mara vat io. 
 The haciendas are extensive and 
 numerous. Cattle and hogs are 
 raised here in large numbers. 
 The latter would probably pay an 
 enterprising emigrant well. 
 
 Tula.— state of Hidalgo, on the 
 Tula; 5,834 inhabitants ; 0,500 
 feet above the sea ; station of 
 the Mexican Central Railway. 
 
 Hotels; Diligencias. 
 
 The town is situated at the 
 northern outlet of the valley of 
 Mexico, and is said to be the 
 oldest town in Mexico. It was 
 the capital of the Toltecs in 
 Anahuac. There is scarcely any 
 trace left of the ancient build- 
 ings, and little of interest remains 
 for the traveller, except a few 
 ruins on the Hill of Treasure. A 
 considerable quantity of wheat 
 and maize is grown in the neigh- 
 bourhood. 
 
 TuxpL-n.— A seaport in the State 
 of Vera Cruz-Llave ; about 8,000 
 inhabitants ; a station of tho 
 New York, Texas, and Mexican 
 Railway. 
 
 Hotels : No hotel accommoda- 
 tion. 
 
 A small port of entry, with 
 irregular streets and insignificant 
 buildings. The port is bad, 
 there being only G feet of water 
 on the bar at high tide. It is 
 situated at the mouth of the 
 Taxpan River, nine miles from 
 the sea. The River is navigable 
 about 30 miles from its mouth. 
 The landing of passengers, 
 mails, and cargo is effected in 
 small sailing vessels. The ruins 
 of Papantla may bo visited from 
 here in two days journey on 
 horseback. Petroleum is found 
 near the town, and two American 
 Companies have started re- 
 fineries. In the Laguna do 
 Tamiahua are submerged stone 
 ruins. 
 
 Ures. — Capital of the State of 
 Sonora ; 9,700 inhabitants ; a 
 station of the Sonora Railway. 
 
 Hotels : Nacional. 
 
 Tho town is situated on tho 
 left bank of the Sonora River, 
 in a very fertile valley, sur- 
 rounded by high mountains. 
 The most luxuriant regelation 
 surrounds the town. For the 
 tourist there is little of interest. 
 
 Valladolid.— State of Yucatan ; 
 18,472 inhabitants. 
 
 Hotels : An inn . 
 
 This town is the healthiest in 
 Yucatan, and is situated in the 
 best-cultivated portion of the 
 State. It supports an important 
 cotton industry. There are seven 
 churches, all tine buildings, and 
 a large Jesuit college. Though 
 
TULA — VENTURA (la). 
 
 277 
 
 the State 
 
 Dout 8,000 
 
 >n of the 
 
 Mexican 
 
 conimoda- 
 
 ntry, with 
 signiticant 
 ■j is bad, 
 , of water 
 de. It is 
 th of the 
 miles from 
 ; navigable 
 its mouth, 
 ►assengers, 
 effected in 
 
 The ruins 
 isited from 
 ourney on 
 m is found 
 D American 
 tarted re- 
 jaguna de 
 
 rged stone 
 
 e State of 
 
 bitants ; a 
 
 Railway. 
 
 ted on the 
 lora River, 
 alley, sur- 
 mountains. 
 regelation 
 For the 
 of interest. 
 
 f Yucatan ; 
 
 ealthiest in 
 ated in the 
 on of the 
 important 
 re are seven 
 Idings, and 
 >. Though 
 
 the town was founded in 
 1543, upon a magnificent scale, 
 it is now tottering to ruin, as 
 indeed everything is in Yucatan. 
 About 35 miles to the east of the 
 town are the ruins of Chichen- 
 Itza, dating from very early 
 times. (C/ti,i.e., mouth, and c^cH 
 — well, in the Tzendal dialect.) 
 Among the ruins are several 
 sonatos, or tanks, some from 05 
 to 200 feet in diameter, with 
 steep, rocky sides, and from 50 
 to 110 feet in depth. In these 
 even now, water is still stored. 
 The ruins measure nearly two 
 miles in circumference. Near 
 the hamlet Maxcami , and east of 
 the village of Halacho, are 
 situated the ruins of Uxmal, on 
 land belonging to the Haciendas 
 of Uxmal and Micoha. These 
 are the grandest and best-known 
 ruins in Yucatan. They are 
 called ei Huasacmnl, t.fi.,"the 
 capital," and were discovered, in 
 1828, by a Yucatan planter, Don 
 Yegros. In 1872 a road was 
 built, and the ruins cleaned of 
 the tropical vegetation, when a 
 town of about four miles in 
 diameter was discovered. The 
 uses these magnificent structures 
 once fultilled is still a question. 
 The finest of them all, called by 
 the Spaniards "La Casa del 
 Gobernador," or Governor's 
 House, is ornamented with 
 relievo w(n'k of hewn stone. It 
 stands on a pyramidal structure 
 consisting of three vast terraces. 
 The building is 320 feet in 
 length, 38 feet long, and 31 feet 
 high. The lowest terrace is 575 
 feet long, 15 feet wide, and 
 3 feet high. Some struc- 
 tures existed formerly on the 
 second terrace, of which the 
 remains are visible. The wall 
 surfaces are smooth as far as the 
 cornice ; beyond this there is on 
 each side Arabesque work, rich 
 in elaborate ornamentation. It 
 
 has 11 doorways in front, and 
 one at each of the sides. There 
 are two large rooms inside. 
 Others close by are named 
 respectively the house of the old 
 woman, " the nuns," " the 
 turtoise," "the pigeons," etc. 
 Compared with these gigantic 
 structures all the monuments 
 and ruins of Peru, as far as the 
 Rio Gila, are mere pigmies. Of 
 these giant cities now in ruins, 
 and covered by tropical vegeta- 
 tion, there are above 20 others, 
 south of Merida in Yucatan, 
 such as Mayapun, Xhibpak, 
 Labpak, Sacbo, Sanakte, etc. 
 To what age or people tliey 
 belonged is unknown ; Imt 
 certain it is they are among 
 the most important ruins in 
 the world. At Uxmal, the 
 "Casa do las Monjas " or 
 House of the Nuns, is one of the 
 grandest structures, and re- 
 markable for the richness and 
 beauty of its ornamentation. 
 Above the entrance are 4 rows 
 of 20 small partitions filled with 
 hieroglyphics. All the structural 
 decorations bear the impi-ess of 
 early American arts. The upper 
 portion is overgrown by vegeta- 
 tion. Several doorways and wide 
 staircases lead into inner apart- 
 ments. The walls in the interior 
 were originally covered with 
 painted drawings, some of the 
 vivid colours of which are still 
 preserved. This house contains 
 87 large and 50 smaller rooms. On 
 the walls are well-drawn human 
 figures, bearing shields and 
 spears, and having headdresses of 
 feathers. 
 
 Ventura (La).— State of Coah- 
 uila; 13,000 inhabitants ; 5,840 
 feet above the sea. 
 
 Hotels : A small inn, with very 
 poor accommodation. 
 
278 
 
 m:AD.SIIA\V S MF.XICO. 
 
 .' ' ■* 
 
 Th 
 
 < . 
 
 \ \f 
 
 i 
 
 ■ n 
 
 r ; 
 
 \ I 
 
 tii8 place in situated in^ a 
 broad plain, surrounded by high 
 roountains. Behind the farm 
 house of (ienoral Trevino is a 
 lake, suitable for bathinj^. 
 
 Vera Cruz.— State of Vera Cruz- 
 Llave ; it is also called Villa 
 Heroica de la Vera Cruz ; 20,000 
 inhabitants, about 825 English 
 miles from the Capital. 
 
 Hotels : Vera Cruzano, Mexico, 
 Diligencias. 
 
 Caft^s : In the Calle do Inde- 
 pondencia. 
 
 ro:4 Office: Calle Cinco de 
 Mayo. 
 
 Telejraph Office : Calle de In- 
 depondencia. 
 
 Bankera and Exchawjc Office : 
 R. C. llitter& Co. 
 
 Vei*a Cruz, the principal port 
 (though insecure, especially 
 during northerly winds) of the 
 country, occupies a v^- " nn- 
 healthy site. The presei, ivn 
 was founded by Count M >-i. .ey, 
 and completed in 1G15. It is 
 situated on an arid plain. The 
 original Vera Cruz, founded by 
 Cortez, lies several miles to the 
 north. The surrounding country 
 is swampy, and visitors, unless 
 arriving in the cold season, will 
 do well to shorten their stay in 
 town as much as possible. 
 Yellow fever is nearly always 
 endemic. Approaching Vera 
 Cruz from the sea, the snow- 
 capped peaks of Orizaba and 
 Cofro de Perote can be seen at a 
 distance of 50 miles on a clear 
 day. The coast all along is 
 dangerous to navigation, owing 
 to coral reefs. The island or 
 Isla de los Sacrificios lies south 
 of the town. It derives its name 
 from a reported Aztec custom, 
 to sacrifice a youth here on a 
 certain day in every year. The 
 other island of San Juan de Uloa 
 
 has a fort, built by the Spaniards 
 in 15(»y. Cortez landed here 
 April 21, 1511). The fort is now 
 used as a prison . 
 
 As soon as the health officer 
 has nra.de his visit and found a 
 clean bill of health, large num- 
 bers of boats surround the vessel, 
 and offer their services to take 
 passengers on shore. There is 
 no fixed tariff. A single passen- 
 ger, luggage, etc., should not pay 
 more than one dollar for convey- 
 ance on shore, carrying luggage 
 to Custom House. Several 
 persons going together may 
 make a bargain at a reduced 
 rat ». 
 
 Vera Cruz is a well-built town, 
 and possesses many large houses, 
 in the old Spanish style. It is 
 laid out with side walks, gas, and, 
 seen from the sea, with its domes 
 and it^ towers, presents a very 
 attractive appearance. The 
 streets are straight, the houses, 
 flat-roofed, have windows with 
 wooden balconies and linen awn- 
 ings. Its superb cathedral is 
 richly decorated in the Moorish 
 style. The Plaza de la Consti- 
 tucion and del Mercado are 
 surrounded by colonnades. The 
 interior of the houses much 
 resemble those of Turkey. The 
 uppsr classes and the merchants 
 have their residences in Jalapa, 
 owing to the unhealthiness of 
 the town. About half-a-mile 
 from the shore, on an island, is 
 the Castillo San Juan d'Ulloa, 
 dominating the town, and having 
 a supply of good drinking water. 
 The railway to the capital is in 
 working order. The port — with 
 its breakwater 220 feet long-^is 
 little more than an open road- 
 stead, and is especially insecure in 
 northern winds ; passengers may 
 be compelled to remain several 
 days on board ship, without the 
 possibility of disembarking 
 until the weather moderates. A 
 
VERA C R UZ — ZACAT KCAS . 
 
 271) 
 
 Spaniards 
 led here 
 rt is now 
 
 1th officer 
 . found a 
 •ge num- 
 he vessel, 
 I to tako 
 There is 
 e passen- 
 Id not pay 
 >r convey - 
 ^ luK,s?ago 
 Sevei*al 
 her may 
 t reduced 
 
 uilttown, 
 ge houses, 
 ^le. It is 
 , gas, and, 
 I its domes 
 its a very 
 !e. The 
 le houses, 
 ows with 
 inen awn- 
 hedral is 
 Moorish 
 a Consti- 
 cado are 
 ades. The 
 much 
 py. The 
 merchants 
 n Jaldpa, 
 hiness of 
 alf-a-miie 
 island, is 
 d'Ulloa, 
 nd having 
 ng water. 
 )ital is in 
 ort — with 
 long-^is 
 pen road- 
 n secure in 
 ttgers may 
 in several 
 thout the 
 smbarking 
 erates. A 
 
 French Company has oLtainod 
 a contract from the Mexican 
 Government for }>nilding an ex- 
 tensive breakwater at a cost of 
 10 million dollars. The Alameda 
 or park, is worth a visit, and the 
 view from the tower of the cathe- 
 dral is also interesting. Other- 
 wise, there is little to interest 
 the traveller, save the strange 
 scenes and varied lite of the 
 port. An excursion should be 
 made to Jalapa, GO miles by 
 tramway. 
 
 The streets are paved with 
 cobble stones, with an open 
 drain in the middle. Turkey- 
 buzzards are the street cleaners, 
 and a fine of 5 dols. is imposed 
 for killing one of them. 
 
 Only one passenger train 
 leaves Vera Cruz daily for the 
 Capital. 
 
 During a northerly gale, 
 vessels generally ijut to sea 
 as there is really no harbour. 
 Fifteen miles southwards of 
 Vera Cruz lies Anton Lizardo, 
 the only good port on the whole 
 Mexican coast, and now the 
 terminus of a branch railway line 
 of the Mexican Southern Rail- 
 way. This place will certainly 
 distance Vera Cruz in commer- 
 cial importance in the near 
 future. 
 
 The ruins of Palenque (see 
 this) may also be visited from 
 here, via Minatitlan, San Cristo- 
 bal, San Juan Bautista, and 
 Macuspan. The journey is diffi- 
 cult, but well repays the trouble. 
 
 Victoria.— Capital of the State 
 of Tamdulipas ; 7,800 inhabit- 
 ants; 1,100 feet above the sea; 
 a proposed station of the Mexican 
 Soutnern Railway. 
 
 Hotels: The Hidalgo, and a 
 small inn. 
 
 Victoria is a regularly-built 
 town, of but little interest to the 
 
 tourist. It i.s situated on the 
 verge of the tierra templada and 
 caliente. Sugar cane, fruit, 
 wheat and maize are the chief 
 agricultural products of the 
 surrounding country. 
 
 Villa Hermosa, or San Juan 
 Rautista. — Capital of the St;ite 
 of Tabasco ; G,800 inhabitants, 
 mostly Indians. 
 
 The town is situated on the 
 Tabasco River, has little or no 
 commerce, and is of no interest 
 to travellers. It exports some 
 pimento (Tabasco pepper) and 
 cocoa. The surrounding country 
 is, during a great part of the 
 year, inundated. 
 
 Zacatecas.— Capital of State of 
 same name ; 40,000 inhabitants, 
 including Guadalupe ; 7,810 feet 
 above the sea ; a station of the 
 Mexican Central Railway. 
 
 Hotels : del Comercio, Zaca- 
 tecano, Nacional, del Progreso, 
 and smaller inns for natives. 
 
 Convei/ances : Tramways — 
 (medio (Oi cents.) fare). 
 
 Post Office: Calle de la 
 Moneda. 
 
 Baths : Plaza de Armas. 
 Bankers : M. Viadero & Co. 
 
 Medical : Dr. Pre vest. Dr. 
 Ponce, Dr. Torres. 
 
 Zacatecas, after Guanajuato, 
 is the oldest and most celebrated 
 mining town in Mexico. It is 
 situated on the slopes of the 
 mountain La Bufa. The climate 
 is severe, and the surrounding 
 country arid and mountainous. 
 The streets are well paved, and 
 not so tortuous or steep as those 
 of Guanajuato. The electric 
 light and telephones are in use. 
 The ascent of the Bufa, with 
 a chapel on the summit will re- 
 pay the trouble required, for the 
 
280 
 
 IIRADSIIAW S MKXICO. 
 
 ■^i; 
 
 view is charming. On one side 
 of the market place is a beauti- 
 ful cathednil. There are 14 
 other churches, and a Protestant 
 chapel, several convents and 
 monasteries and numerous tine 
 buildings, thoutrh, perhaps, in- 
 ferior to those of Guana- 
 juato. East of the town is 
 the extensive monastery of the 
 Franciscans, with the college of 
 NuestraSenorade Guadalupeand 
 a library of over 10,000 volumes. 
 Some of the churclies have fine 
 jfilt carvings and old paintings. 
 The mines are also worth visit- 
 ing. In mineral wealth Zaca- 
 tecas is the richest State in 
 Mexico. The district, how- 
 ever, is surpassed by some 
 others. The lode known as 
 Veta Madre is of an average 
 width of 25 feet, and is in some 
 places even 75 feet, but is not 
 all metalliferous. The mines in 
 in this district were first worked ! 
 in 1548. Up to 1732 the yield 
 was reported as being 
 
 832,.332,000 dols. The present 
 annual produce is about 
 2,000,0(X) dols., and they are not 
 now paying well. The oldest 
 mine is the Fernan Cortez, and 
 the largest the San llafuel, both 
 of wliich can be easily visited. 
 It is best to choose the morning. 
 Several of the mines are owned 
 by English and American Com- 
 panies, and are worked by 
 Europeans. 
 
 In the plain near Zaeatecas 
 ai-e nitie small lakes of common 
 salt and carbonate of soda. The 
 salt is transported to the ad- 
 joining town of Guadalupe for 
 use in the silver mines. Hum- 
 l)olt compares the geological 
 formation of the district to that 
 of Switzerlnnd. 
 
 About ^ ij miles south-west, of 
 the town are the ruins of La 
 (^uemada. An area of about 
 SIX acres being covered with 
 remains of an ancient fortress. 
 They are in tolerably good pre- 
 servation. 
 
 :1»l 
 
 N 
 
Iio present 
 is about 
 liey are not 
 rho oldest 
 .'ovtez, and 
 afdel, both 
 ily visited. 
 mominjf . 
 are owned 
 'ican Com- 
 orkod by 
 
 Zacatecas 
 if common 
 soda. The 
 to the ad- 
 idalupe for 
 les. Hum- 
 
 geological 
 rict to that 
 
 uth-west. of 
 lins of La 
 i of about 
 irered with 
 lit fortress. 
 r good pre- 
 
 ri"^ 
 
 TATiLE 
 
 Of BOX3TES, TIMES, and PARES by RAIL, STEAMBOAT, 
 DIIilOENCE, Ac, CALCULATED from 
 
 CHICAGO. 
 
 The fares arc calculated at the moment in j,'()iiiff to press, ami arc liable to 
 chanjfc continually, owinvr to the cctinpctition ot the variotis Companies. They 
 are calculated for uuHtnitcd tirkcfn, viz., such aillowinj; to stoj) en rouff at any 
 place and for any lenurth of time, nnd j,'ood until used. For ])rico of Umitid 
 ticketn (Kood for (me continuous joui aey only without stopping), and also eu'- 
 cursion tickvts, we refer t(j monthly time-tables. 
 
 Chicago to 
 
 Mis. 
 
 Aguas— Calientes 
 
 2507 
 
 (Mexico) 
 
 
 Albany 
 
 (New York) 
 Albufpierque 
 
 (New Mexico) 
 Ashland 
 
 1-107 
 429 
 
 (Wisconsin) 
 Astoria 
 
 2622 
 
 (Oregon) 
 Atchison 
 
 (Kansas) 
 Atlanta 
 
 490 
 745 
 
 (Gorgia) 
 
 Barstow 
 
 (California) 
 
 Bay City 
 
 (Michigan) 
 Boston 
 (Massachusetts) 
 
 Buffalo 
 
 (New York) 
 
 Chattanooga 
 
 (Tennessee) 
 
 2151 
 
 324 
 1036 
 
 536 
 629 
 
 Mode of Convej'ance. 
 
 By Chicago, Burlington and Quincy 
 Kailwiiy, via Kansas City and Kl 
 Paso, thence by Mexican Central 
 Railway 
 
 By Lake Shore and New York Central 
 and Hudscm River Railway 
 
 By Chicago, Burlington and Quincy 
 Railway, via Kansas City 
 
 By Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul, 
 aiul Wisconsin Central 
 
 By Chicago, Burlington and Quincy 
 Railway and Uni(m Pacific Railway 
 
 By Chicago, Burlington and Quincj' 
 Railway, r/(? Kansas City 
 
 By Louisville, New Albany and 
 Chicago, Nashville, Chattanooga 
 and St. Louis, and "Western and 
 Atlantic Railway 
 
 By Chicago, Burlingtcm and Quincy 
 Railw^ay, Atchistm, Topcka and 
 Santa Fe to Albucjuertiue, thence by 
 Atlantic and Pacific Railway 
 
 By Michigan Central Railway 
 
 By Lake Shore and Michigan 
 Southern, New York Central and 
 Boston and Albany Railways 
 
 By Michigan Central Railway 
 
 By Louisville, New Albany, and Chi- 
 cago ; Cincinnati, Hamilton and 
 Dayton, and Louisville and Nash- 
 ville Railways 
 
 TiiJie. 
 
 D. 
 
 n. 
 
 5 
 
 IJ 
 
 1 
 
 23 i 
 
 2 
 
 15i 
 
 1 
 
 W 
 
 3 
 
 22i 
 
 — 
 
 20J 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 12i 
 
 1 
 
 12* 
 
 15i 
 
 1* 
 
 
 
 23 
 
 Fare. 
 
 Dl. cts. 
 
 82 55 
 20 15 
 
 46 15 
 
 16 10 
 
 109 — 
 
 12 50 
 
 22 40 
 
 90 80 
 8 50 
 
 24 65 
 14 — 
 
 18 20 
 
282 
 
 i ^ J 
 
 \4 
 
 Chicago to 
 
 Mis. 
 
 Mode of Conveyance. 
 
 Time. 
 
 Fare. 
 
 
 
 S. H. 
 
 Dl. cts. 
 
 Cheyenne 
 
 1011 
 
 By Chicago, Burlington and Quincy, 
 
 
 
 (Wyoning) 
 
 
 and Union Pacific Rtiilways 
 
 1 16i 
 
 27 — 
 
 Chihuahua 
 
 1887 
 
 By Chicago, Burlington and Quincy, 
 
 
 
 (Mexico) 
 
 
 Atchison, Topeka and Santa F«?, 
 and Mexican Central Railways, 
 
 
 
 
 
 from El Paso 
 
 3 19 
 
 55 75 
 
 Chippewa Falls 
 
 351 
 
 By Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul, 
 
 
 
 (Wisconsin) 
 
 
 and Wisconsin Central Railways . . . 
 
 — 15i 
 
 9 50 
 
 Cincinnati 
 
 300 
 
 By Louisville, New Albany and 
 
 
 
 (Ohio) 
 
 
 Chicago and Cincinnati, Hamilton 
 
 
 
 
 
 and Dayton Railways 
 
 — 13 
 
 8 85 
 
 Cleveland 
 
 — 
 
 By Lake Shore and Michigan Southern 
 
 
 
 (Ohio) 
 
 
 Railway 
 
 — 16| 
 
 10 — 
 
 Cocomo 
 
 1657 
 
 By Chicago, Burlington and Quincy, 
 
 
 
 (Colorado) 
 
 
 and Union Pacific Railways 
 
 3 3 
 
 48 — 
 
 Colorado Springs 
 
 1169 
 
 By Chicago, Burlington and Quincy, 
 
 
 
 (Colorado) 
 
 
 and Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fd 
 
 
 
 
 
 Railways 
 
 1 21 
 
 34 75 
 
 Colton 
 
 2235 
 
 By Chicago, Burlington and Quincy, 
 
 
 
 (California) 
 
 
 and Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fd 
 Railways, from Kansas City, and 
 Atlantic and Pacific Railway, from 
 
 
 
 
 
 Albuquerque 
 
 4 8| 
 
 94 40 
 
 Corinne 
 
 1910 
 
 By Chicago, Burlington and Quincy 
 
 
 
 (Utah) 
 
 
 and Union Pacific Railway 
 
 3 lU 
 
 67 — 
 
 Council-Bhiffs 
 
 493 
 
 By Chicago, Burlington and Quincy 
 
 
 
 (Iowa) 
 
 
 Railway 
 
 — 20J 
 
 12 50 
 
 Dalles 
 
 2233 
 
 By Chicago, Burlington and Quincy, 
 
 
 
 (Oregon) 
 
 
 Union Pacific and Oregon Railway 
 
 
 
 
 
 and Navigation Company 
 
 4 6 
 
 100 85 
 
 Decatur 
 
 173 
 
 By Illinois Central Railway 
 
 — 6 
 
 4 45 
 
 (Illinois) 
 
 
 
 
 
 Denver 
 
 1024 
 
 By Chicago, Burlington and Quincy, 
 
 
 
 (Colorado) 
 
 
 Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fd, 
 and Denver and Rio Grande Rail- 
 
 
 
 
 
 ways 
 
 1 18 
 
 24 65 
 
 Detroit 
 
 (Michigan) 
 Dillon 
 
 285 
 
 By Michigan Central Railway 
 
 - 7f 
 
 8 — 
 
 2516 
 
 By Chicago, Burlington and Quincy 
 
 
 
 (Montana) 
 
 
 and Union Pacific Railways 
 
 4 5 
 
 83 — 
 
 Dodge City 
 
 857 
 
 By Chicago, Burlington and Quincy 
 
 
 
 (Kansas) 
 
 
 and Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe 
 
 
 
 
 
 Railways 
 
 1 13i 
 
 22 95 
 
 Eau Claire 
 
 361 
 
 By Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul, 
 
 
 
 ("Wisconsin) 
 
 
 and Wisconsin Central Railways... 
 
 - Si 
 
 11 96 
 
 Ellis 
 
 867 
 
 By Chicago, Burlington and Quincy, 
 
 
 
 (Kansas) 
 
 
 and Union Pacific Railways 
 
 1 9 
 
 23 — 
 
 El Paso 
 
 1663 
 
 By Chicago, Burlington, and Quincy, 
 
 
 
 (Texas) 
 
 
 and Atchison, Topeka and Santa 
 
 
 
 
 
 Fd Railways 
 
 3 3i 
 
 46 15 
 
 Evanston 
 
 1541 
 
 By Chicago, Burlington and Quincj', 
 
 
 
 (Wyoming) 
 
 
 and Union Pacific Railwaj'S 
 
 3 23^ 
 
 61 — 
 
me. 
 
 Fare. 
 
 . H. 
 
 Dl. cts. 
 
 16i 
 
 27 — 
 
 19 
 
 55 75 
 
 - 15i 
 
 9 50 
 
 - 12 
 
 8 85 
 
 - 16f 
 
 10 — 
 
 3 
 
 48 — 
 
 21 
 
 t 8| 
 
 { lU 
 
 h 20i 
 
 6 
 6 
 
 34 75 
 
 94 40 
 
 67 — 
 
 12 50 
 
 100 85 
 4 45 
 
 18 
 - 7% 
 
 24 
 
 8 
 
 65 
 
 1 5 
 
 83 
 
 — 
 
 13i 
 
 22 
 
 95 
 
 - 8i 
 
 11 
 
 95 
 
 9 
 
 23 
 
 — 
 
 3^ 
 
 40 
 
 15 
 
 23i 
 
 61 
 
 — 
 
 Chicago to 
 
 Flagstaff 
 
 (Arizona) 
 
 Fond (lu Lac 
 
 (Wisconsin) 
 Forrestou 
 
 (Illinois) 
 Fort Benton 
 
 (Montana) 
 
 Gorham 
 
 (New Hampshire) 
 
 Grand Rapids 
 (Wisconsin) 
 
 Green River 
 
 (Wyoming) 
 
 Guaymas 
 
 (Mexico) 
 
 Uamilton 
 
 (Ontario) 
 Hannibal 
 
 (Missouri) 
 Hayes 
 
 (Kansas) 
 Hermosillo 
 
 (Mexico) 
 
 Hinchley 
 
 (Illinois) 
 
 Indianapolis 
 , (Indiana) 
 
 Jackson 
 
 (Michigan) 
 Jacksonville 
 
 (Illinois) 
 
 Kansas City 
 
 ( Kansas) 
 Kearney 
 
 (Nebraska) 
 
 Lafayette 
 
 (Indiana) 
 
 Mis. 
 
 283 
 
 Mode of Conveyance. 
 
 1751 
 
 151 
 
 119 
 
 2496 
 
 1012 
 
 255 
 
 2164 
 
 483 
 
 282 
 
 2076 
 
 57 
 
 183 
 
 489 
 
 119 
 
 By Chicago, Burlington and Quincy 
 and Atchison, Topeka and Santa 
 F«5, and Atlantic and Pacific Rail 
 ways 
 
 By Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul j 
 and Wisconsin Central Railways.. 
 
 By Chicago, Burlington and Quincy 
 Railway 
 
 By Chicago, Burlington and Qiiincy 
 and Northern Pacific Railways .. 
 
 By Lake Shore and Michigan South 
 em, New Y jrk. Central, and Hud 
 son River, and Boston and Albany 
 Railways 
 
 By Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul 
 and Wisconsin Central Railways .. 
 
 By Chicago, Burlington and Quincy 
 and Union Pacific Railway's 
 
 By Chicago, Burlington and Quincy 
 \tchison, Topeka and Santa Fe 
 and Sunora Railways, from Dening 
 
 By Michigan Central Railw ay 
 
 By Chicago, Burlington and Quincy 
 Railway 
 
 By Chicago, Burlington and Quincy, 
 and Union Pacific Railways 
 
 By Chicago, Burlington and Quincy, 
 A^hison, Topeka and Santa J'e, to 
 Dening, and thence by Sonora 
 Railway 
 
 By Chicago, Burlington and Quincy 
 Railway 
 
 By Louisville, New Albany f.. d 
 Chicago Railway 
 
 210 By Michigan Central Railway... 
 215 By Chicago and Alton Railway 
 
 By Chicago, Burlington and Quincy 
 Railway '. 
 
 By Chicago, Burlington, and Quincy 
 Railway 
 
 By Louisville, New Albany and Chi- 
 cago Railway 
 
 1 
 Time. 
 
 D. 
 
 H. 
 
 3 
 
 51 
 
 
 4i 
 
 — 
 
 4J 
 
 4 
 
 22 
 
 1 
 
 16 
 
 — 
 
 6^ 
 
 5 
 
 5i 
 
 , 
 
 201 
 
 4 
 
 22J 
 
 — 
 
 2i 
 
 — 
 
 7i 
 
 — 
 
 5i 
 
 — 
 
 6 
 
 — 
 
 20i 
 
 1 
 
 n 
 
 
 -; 
 
 — 
 
 5 
 
 Fare. 
 
 Dl. cts. 
 
 66 80 
 
 5 30 
 
 3 20 
 
 101 — 
 
 29 20 
 
 9 10 
 
 53 75 
 
 82 15 
 
 13 70 
 
 7 25 
 
 22 2t) 
 
 77 75 
 
 1 GO 
 
 5 50 
 
 5 90 
 
 5 35 
 
 12 50 
 
 19 50 
 
 3 60 
 
 )il 
 
284 
 
 f 
 
 t\ 
 
 ; i ii 
 
 t, I 
 
 {1 
 
 Chicago to 
 
 Laramie 
 
 (Wyoming) 
 Las Vegas Hot 
 Springs 
 (New Mexico) 
 Leavenworth 
 
 (Kansas) 
 Leon 
 
 (Mexico) 
 
 Los Angeles 
 
 (California) 
 
 Louisville 
 
 (Kentucky) 
 
 Madera 
 
 (California) 
 
 McPherson 
 
 (Kansas) 
 Menasha 
 
 (Wisconsin) 
 Mexico City 
 
 (Mexico) 
 
 Mis. 
 
 Mobile 
 
 (Alabama) 
 
 Montgomery 
 
 (Alabama) 
 
 Montreal 
 
 (Canada) 
 Mount Clemens 
 
 (Michigan) 
 Mount Morris 
 
 (Illmois) 
 
 Mode of Conveyance. 
 
 Nashville 
 
 (Tennessee) 
 New Orleans 
 
 (Louisiana) 
 New Richmond 
 
 (Wisconsin) 
 Newton 
 
 (Kansas) 
 New York 
 
 (New York) 
 
 Niagara Falls 
 (New York) 
 
 1281 
 
 522 
 2613 
 
 2293 
 
 323 
 
 aid 
 
 711 
 
 183 
 2871 
 
 963 
 
 783 
 
 837 
 335 
 107 
 
 478 
 1104 
 417 
 690 
 976 
 
 536 
 
 Time. 
 
 By Chicago, Burlington, and Quincy, 
 and Union Pacific Railways 
 
 By Chicago, Burlington and Atchison, 
 Topeka and Santa Fd Railways . . . 
 
 By Chicago, Burlington and Quincy 
 Railway 
 
 By Chicago, Burlington, and Quincy ; 
 Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe 
 Railways, and from El Paso by 
 Mexican Central Railway 
 
 By Chicago, Burlington and Quincy ; 
 Atchison, Topeka and Santa f4 
 Railways, to Albuquerque, and 
 thence Atlantic and Pacific Railway 
 
 By Louisville, New Albany and 
 Chicago Railway 
 
 By Chicago, Burlington, and Quincy ; 
 Atchison, Topeka and Santa F6, 
 and Southern Pacific Railways . . . 
 
 By Chicago, Burlington and Quincy, 
 and Union Pacific, via Kansas City 
 
 By Chicago, Milwaukee, and St. Paul 
 Railway and Wisconsin Central ... 
 
 By Chicago, Burlington, and Quincy, 
 Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fi, 
 and Mexican Central Railways . . . 
 
 By Louisville, New Albany, and Chi- 
 cago, and Louisville and Nashville 
 Railways 
 
 By Louisville, New Albany, and Chi- 
 cago, and Louisville and Nashville 
 Railways 
 
 By Michigan Central to Toronto, 
 thetice (jrand Trunk Railway 
 
 By Michigan Central Railway 
 
 By Chicago, Burlington and Quincy 
 Railway 
 
 By Louisville, New Albany and 
 
 Chicago Ra il way 
 
 By Louisville and Nashville Railway 
 
 By Chicago, Milwaukee and St. 
 
 Paul Railway (Wisconsin line) . . . 
 By Chicago, Burlingt.m and Quincy 
 
 Railway 
 
 By Lake Shore and Michigan 
 
 Southern and New York Central 
 
 and Hudson River Railways 
 By Chicago and Grand Trunk 
 
 Railway 
 
 D. H. 
 
 Dl. cts. 
 
 
 
 34 — 
 
 2 8 
 
 43 43 
 
 -2H 
 
 4 8| 
 — 12 
 
 4 m 
 
 - ^ 
 
 5 20 
 
 1 12^ 
 
 5 
 12 
 
 - 4i 
 
 Fare. 
 
 12 50 
 
 87 5 
 
 94 40 
 
 9 — 
 
 100 40 
 
 20 — 
 
 6 35 
 
 97 95 
 
 25 95 
 
 23 80 
 
 22 
 
 8 
 
 65 
 
 2 90 
 
 1 
 
 19i 
 17 
 
 13 
 27 
 
 65 
 60 
 
 
 18^ 
 
 13 
 
 85 
 
 1 
 
 5i 
 
 18 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 23 
 
 25 
 
 
 16 
 
 14 
 
 __ 
 
 \v 
 
ime. 
 
 Fare. 
 
 H. 
 
 Dl. cts. 
 
 — 
 
 34 — 
 
 8 
 
 43 45 
 
 ■21i 
 
 12 50 
 
 81 
 12 
 
 m 
 1 
 
 - ^ 
 
 20 
 
 121 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 12 
 
 - 4^ 
 
 - 19^ 
 17 
 
 87 5 
 
 94 40 
 
 9 — 
 
 i 
 
 100 40 
 
 20 — 
 
 6 35 
 
 97 95 
 
 25 05 
 
 22 80 
 
 22 — 
 
 8 65 
 
 2 90 
 
 13 65 
 27 60 
 
 18^ 
 
 H 
 
 6 
 ■- 16 
 
 13 85 
 18 5 
 
 23 25 
 
 14 — 
 
 Chicago to 
 
 North Platte 
 
 (Nebraska) 
 Nunah 
 
 (Wisconsin) 
 
 Omaha 
 
 (Nebraska) 
 Oregon 
 
 (Illinois) 
 
 Oshkosh 
 
 (Wiscoasin) 
 
 Pacific Junction 
 (Iowa) 
 Philadelphia 
 
 (Pennsylvania) 
 Portland 
 
 (Oregon) 
 Pueblo 
 
 (Colorado) 
 
 Quincy 
 
 (Illinois) 
 
 Mis. 
 
 274 
 
 182 
 
 506 
 100 
 
 169 
 
 481 
 
 952 
 
 2572 
 
 1124 
 
 Queretaro 2432 
 
 (Mexico) 
 
 Riverside 
 
 2240 
 
 (California) 
 
 
 Rochelle 
 
 85 
 
 (Illinois) 
 
 
 Rochester 
 
 642 
 
 (New York) 
 
 
 Rockford 
 
 112 
 
 (Illinois) 
 
 
 Russell 
 
 703 
 
 (Kansas) 
 
 
 San Bernardino 
 
 2232 
 
 (California) 
 
 
 263 
 
 285 
 
 Mode of Conveyance. 
 
 By Chicago, Burlington, and Quincy 
 Railway 
 
 By Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul 
 Railway (Wisconsin line) 
 
 By Chicago, Burlington and Quincy 
 Railway 
 
 By Chicago, Burlington and Quincy 
 Railway, and Chicago and Indiana 
 Railway 
 
 By Chicago, Milwaiikee and St. Paul 
 Railway (Wisconsin Central Line) 
 
 By Chicago, Burlington and Quincy 
 Railway 
 
 By Chicago, Fort Wayne and Pitts- 
 burg andLeghigh Valley Railways 
 
 By Chicago, Burlington and Quincy 
 and Union Pacific Railway 
 
 By Chicago, Burlington and Quincy, 
 and Atchison, Topeka and Santa 
 Fd Railways 
 
 By Chicago, Burlington and Quincy 
 Railway, to Atchison, Lea^'^en worth 
 or Kansas City, via Atchison and 
 Santa Fe Railway to El Paso, 
 thence via Mexican Central 
 Railway 
 
 By Chicago, Burlington and Quincy 
 Railway 
 
 By Chicago, Burlington and Quincy 
 Railway, vid Kansas City, Albu- 
 querque, and vid California 
 Southern, from Barstow 
 
 By Chicago, Burlington and Quincy, 
 and Chicago and Iowa Railway . . . 
 
 By Lake Shore, and Michigan 
 Southern Railway 
 
 By Chicago and Iowa Railway 
 
 By Chicago, Burlington and Quincy 
 Railway to Kansas City, thence 
 by Union Pacific Railway 
 
 By Chicago, Burlington and Quincy 
 Railway, vid Kansas City, Albu- 
 querque, and vid California 
 Southern from Barstow 
 
 Time. 
 
 Fare. 
 
 D. H. 
 
 Dl. cts. 
 
 — 10 
 
 7 50 
 
 — 8 
 
 5 30 
 
 — 201 
 
 13 8.> 
 
 — 4 
 
 2 70 
 
 
 
 5 90 
 
 -19^ 
 
 13' 65 
 
 1 7 
 
 24 — 
 
 3 20^ 
 
 107 — 
 
 1 19 
 
 4 21 
 - 7i 
 
 1 2J 
 
 4 6J 
 
 32 75 
 
 79 40 
 6 75 
 
 4 8i 
 
 94 
 
 40 
 
 - n 
 
 2 
 
 25 
 
 — 17 
 
 - 31 
 
 15 
 2 
 
 40 
 05 
 
 21 
 
 94 40 
 
28*^ 
 
 o 
 
 Chicago to 
 
 1-1. 
 
 i ;■•■' 
 
 San Diego 
 
 (California) 
 
 San Francisco 
 (California) 
 
 Santa F<S 
 
 (^'^ew Mexico) 
 
 Sacramento 
 
 (California) 
 
 Saginaw 
 
 (Michigan) 
 St. Clair 
 
 (Michigan) 
 St. Joseph 
 
 (Missouri) 
 St. Louis 
 
 (Missouri) 
 St. Mary's 
 
 (Kansas) 
 
 St. Paul 
 
 (Minnesota) 
 Salt Lake City 
 (Utah) 
 
 Seattle 
 
 (Washington) 
 
 Shabbona 
 
 (Iliinois) 
 Springfield 
 
 (Illinois) 
 Stevens Point 
 (Wisconsin) 
 
 Mis. 
 2358 
 
 2604 
 
 1358 
 
 2186 
 
 310 
 335 
 
 470 
 283 
 724 
 
 482 
 1740 
 
 Mode of Conveyance. 
 
 2480 
 
 Toledo 
 
 (Ohio) 
 
 57 
 185 
 243 
 
 271 
 
 By Chicago, Burlington and Quincy 
 Railway, via Kansas City, and 
 Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe, 
 via Albuqueniue and Southern 
 California, from Barstow 
 
 By Chicago, Burlington and Quincy 
 Railway to Atchison, Leaven- 
 worth or Kansas City, and via Albu- 
 quercjue, by Southern Pacific Rail- 
 way from Moj a ve 
 
 By Chicago, Burlington and Quincy 
 Railway to Atchison, Leaven- 
 worth, or Kansas City, and v'd 
 Atchison, Topeka and Saut i F<5 
 Railway 
 
 By Chic i.go, Burlington and Quincy 
 Railway, via Kansas City, and via 
 Albuquerque by Atchison, Topeka 
 and San te F^ Railway 
 
 By Michigan Central Railway 
 
 By Chicago and Grand Trunk Rail- 
 way, via Port Huron 
 
 By Chicago, Barlington and Quincy 
 Railway 
 
 By Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific 
 Railway 
 
 By Chicago, Burlington and Quincy 
 Railway to Kansas Qitj, thence 
 Union Pacific Railway 
 
 By Ch'jago, Milwaukee and St. Paul 
 Railway 
 
 By Chicago, Burlington and Quincy 
 to Atchison, Leavenworth or Kan- 
 sas City and via Atchison, Topeka 
 and Santa F6 Railway, or via Den- 
 ver and Rio Grande Railway, from 
 Pueblo 
 
 Via St. Paul and Northern Pacific and 
 Oregon Railway to Portland, 
 thence by Pacific Division of 
 Northern Pacific Railway to 
 Tacoma and by Oragon Bailwaj' 
 and Navigation Company's 
 steamers across Puget Sound? ... 
 
 By Chicago, Burlington and Quincy 
 and Chicago and Iowa Railway ... 
 
 1 Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific Rail- 
 way 
 
 By Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul 
 Railway (Wisconsin Central Line) 
 
 By Lake Shore and Michigan Southern 
 Railway 
 
 Time. 
 
 D. H. 
 
 4 17 
 
 4 22 
 
 2 13 
 
 4 16 
 - 11^ 
 
 — 12 
 -19^ 
 
 — 7f 
 
 1 3 
 
 — 21 
 
 3 6 
 
 Fare. 
 
 Dl. els. 
 
 04 40 
 
 100 40 
 
 47 20 
 
 94 50 
 
 8 10 
 
 8 63 
 
 12 50 
 8 50 
 
 20 75 
 
 13 5 
 
 — 8 
 
 64 10 
 
 5 — 
 
 106 
 
 85 
 
 - 2i 
 
 1 
 
 60 
 
 - n 
 
 4 
 
 75 
 
 - 7i 
 
 8 
 
 65 
 
 7 - 
 
Hme. 
 
 Fare. 
 
 ► . H. 
 
 Dl. cis. 
 
 17 
 
 04 40 
 
 22 
 
 100 40 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 13 
 
 47 20 
 
 16 
 11^ 
 
 94 50 
 8 10 
 
 - 13 
 
 8 65 
 
 - 19^ 
 
 12 50 
 
 - 7i 
 
 8 50 
 
 3 
 
 21 
 
 I 6 
 
 - 8 
 
 20 75 
 13 5 
 
 64 10 
 
 1 — 
 
 106 
 
 85 
 
 - 2J 
 
 1 
 
 60 
 
 - 7J 
 
 4 
 
 75 
 
 - 7i 
 
 8 
 
 65 
 
 7 - 
 
 ChicaL,o to 
 
 Mis. 
 
 Topeka 555 
 
 (Kansas) 
 
 Toronto 
 
 (Ontario) 
 
 518 
 
 287 
 
 Mode of Conveyance. 
 
 Victoria (British 2600 
 
 Columbia) 
 
 Walla Walla 2138 
 
 (Washington) j 
 
 Wausau 
 
 (Wisconsin) 
 
 Zacatecas 
 
 (Mexico) 
 
 282 
 
 2432 
 
 By Chicago, Burlington and Quincy 
 Railway to Atchison, thence bv 
 Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe 
 Railway 
 
 By Chicago and Grand Trunk Raijl 
 way 
 
 By St. Paul and Northern Pacific and 
 Oregon Railway, to Portland, 
 thence by Pacific Division of 
 Northern Pacific Railwav, to 
 Pacoma, and by Oregon Railway, 
 and NavigationCompany 's Steamer 
 across Puget Sound 
 
 By Chicago, Milwaukee and St, Paul 
 Railway to Omaha, thence ])y 
 Union Pacific and Oregon Rail- 
 ways 
 
 By Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paiii 
 Railway (Wisconsin Central Line) 
 
 By Chicago, Burlington and Quincv 
 Railway to Atchison, thence via 
 Atchison, Topeka and Santa JY 
 Railway to El Paso, and by Mexi- 
 can Central Railway to Zacatecas 
 
 Time. 
 
 D. H. 
 
 171 
 
 Fare. 
 Dl. cts. 
 
 14 5 
 14 — 
 
 5 12 
 
 109 85 
 
 4 2 
 
 99 10 
 10 — 
 
 4 21 
 
 79 40 
 
pa 
 
 TABLE 
 
 Of ROUTES, TIMES, and FARES by RAIL, STEAMBOAT 
 DILIGENCE, &c., CALCULATED from 
 
 NEW ORLEANS. 
 
 il i, H. 
 
 1' I I 
 
 %\ I 
 
 The fares are calculated at the moment in gfoing to press, and are liable to 
 change continually. They are calculated for unlimited tifket», viz., such allowing 
 to stop en rotite at any i)lace, and for anj' length of time, and are good until 
 used. For price of limited tickets (good for one continuous journey only, without 
 stopping), and also excursion tickets, we refer to monthly time-tables. 
 
 New Orleans to 
 
 Albuquerque 
 (New Mexico) 
 
 Alexandria 
 
 (Virginia) 
 
 Arkansas City 
 
 (Arkansas) 
 
 Ashville 
 (North Carolina) 
 
 Atlanta 
 
 (Georgia) 
 
 Baltimore 
 
 (Maryland) 
 
 Baton Rouge 
 
 (Louisiana) 
 
 Cairo (Illinois) 
 Charleston 
 
 (Georgia) 
 
 Charlotte 
 (North Carolina) 
 Charlotteville 
 
 (Virginia) 
 
 Chicago (Illinois) 
 
 Mis. 
 
 1799 
 
 1135 
 338 
 958 
 496 
 
 1183 
 
 89 
 
 650 
 781 
 
 763 
 1030 
 
 1104 
 
 Mode of Conveyance. 
 
 By Louisville, New Orleans and 
 Texas, via Mem])his and Kansas 
 Citj', thence by Atchison, Topeka 
 and Santa F«5 Railways 
 
 By Louisville and Nashville to 
 Atlanta, thence by Richmond 
 and Danville Railways 
 
 By Louisville, New Orleans and 
 Texas Railway, and River Transfer 
 at Huntington 
 
 By Louisville and Nashville to 
 Atlanta, thence by the Richmond 
 and Danville Railways 
 
 By Louisville and Nashville, and 
 Western of Alabama Railways . . . 
 
 By I'ouisville and Nashville and 
 Western of Alabama Railway to 
 Atlanta, thence by the Richmond 
 and Danvire Riilway 
 
 By Louisville, Ne v Orleans and Texas 
 Railway 
 
 By Illinois Central Railway ... > ... 
 
 By Louisville and Nashville Railway 
 to Pensacola, thence Pensacola and 
 and Atlantic Railway to Chatta- 
 hoochee, and by Savannah, Florida 
 and Western Railway 
 
 By Louisville and Nashville and 
 Western of Alabama, vH Atlanta... 
 
 By Louisville and Nashville and 
 Western of Alabama Railways, via 
 Atlanta 
 
 By Louisville and Nashville Railway. . . 
 
 Time. 
 
 D. H. 
 
 3 13 
 1 14 
 
 — 14 
 
 1 13 
 
 — 15 
 
 1 14 
 
 - 3i 
 
 1 lo 
 
 Fare. 
 Dl. cts. 
 
 65 6 
 
 29 55 
 
 10 65 
 
 22 45 
 14 90 
 
 11 
 17 
 
 29 55 
 2 65 
 
 23 90 
 
 28 35 
 27 60 
 
 ^ 
 
MBOAT 
 
 ire liable to 
 nch allowing 
 3 good until 
 iLly, without 
 es. 
 
 ime. 
 
 . H. 
 
 Fare. 
 
 Dl. cts. 
 
 13 
 
 65 
 
 6 
 
 14 
 
 29 
 
 55 
 
 14 
 
 10 
 
 65 
 
 13 
 
 22 
 
 45 
 
 15 
 
 14 
 
 90 
 
 14 
 
 r 31 
 
 lo 
 
 29 55 
 2 05 
 
 11 
 17 
 
 23 90 
 
 28 35 
 27 60 
 
 New Orleans to 
 
 Cincinnati 
 
 (Ohio) 
 
 Colorado Springs 
 (Colarado) 
 
 Columbia 
 (South Carolina) 
 
 Corpus Christi 
 (Texas) 
 
 Danville 
 
 (Virginia) 
 
 Denver 
 
 (Texas) 
 
 Dodge City 
 
 (Kansas) 
 
 Galveston 
 
 (Texas) 
 Goldsboro* 
 (North Carolina) 
 
 Greensboro' 
 (North Carolina) 
 
 Greenville 
 
 (Missouri) 
 
 Harriston 
 
 (Missouri) 
 
 Kansas City 
 
 (Missouri) 
 
 Laredo 
 
 (Texas) 
 
 Mis. 
 
 921 
 
 1501 
 
 804 
 
 888 
 
 905 
 1636 
 
 1249 
 
 573 
 
 987 
 
 858 
 328 
 
 186 
 
 881 
 
 731 
 
 289 
 
 Mode of Conveyance. 
 
 By Louisville and Nashville Railway 
 (Cincinnati, Louisville and New 
 Orleans Line) 
 
 By Louisville, New Orleans and Texas 
 to Kansas City, thence by Atchison, 
 Topeka and Santa Fe Railway. 
 
 By Louisville and Nashville, Pensa- 
 cola and Atlantic, Savannah, 
 Florida and Western and South 
 Carolina Railways 
 
 By Southern Pacific to San Antonio, 
 thence International and Great 
 Northern and Mexican National 
 Railways 
 
 By Louisville and Nashville and 
 Western of Alabama Railway, vid 
 Atlanta 
 
 By Louisville, New Orleans and Texas 
 Railway, or Illinois Central Rail- 
 way, vid Atchison, Topeka and 
 Santa F^ Railway 
 
 By Louisville, New Orleans and Texas 
 Railway, or Illinois Central Rail- 
 way, rid Atchison, Topeka and 
 Santa Fe Railway ... 
 
 By Texas and New Orleans Railway 
 
 By Louisville and Nashville Railway, 
 nvA Western of Alabama, via 
 Atlanta 
 
 By Louisville and Nashville Railway, 
 and Western of Alabama, via 
 Atlanta 
 
 By Louisville, New Orleans and Texas 
 Railway, vid Lcland 
 
 By Louisville, New Orleans and Texas 
 Railway direct 
 
 By Louisville, New Orleans and Texas 
 Railway, vid Leland, or Illinois 
 Central Railway, vid Memphis ... 
 
 By Morgan, Louisiana and Texas 
 Railway to Lafayette, thence by 
 Galveston, Harrisburg and San 
 Antonio Railway to San Antonio, 
 and by Intercolonial and Great 
 Northern Railway to Laredo 
 
 Time. 
 
 D. 
 
 H. ] 
 
 1 
 
 15 
 
 2 
 
 4i 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 21 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 n 
 
 1 
 
 22 
 
 — 
 
 13 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 — 
 
 13i 
 
 — 
 
 H 
 
 [ 
 
 ■ t 
 
 1 
 
 6i 
 
 ' 
 
 
 1 
 
 2i 
 
 Fare. 
 Dl. els. 
 
 49 10 
 
 28 5 
 
 52 10 
 
 37 30 
 
 28 65 
 
 28 10 
 
 10 — 
 
 5 60 
 
 26 85 
 
 22 60 
 
 K 
 
290 
 
 m '' 
 
 Now Orleans to 
 
 n 'ht 
 
 
 '?! 
 
 •■^1 
 
 .1 !! 
 
 
 ...I 
 
 h-\H Ve;^i8 Hot 
 Spring.^ 
 (New Mexico) 
 Lynchburg 
 
 (Virginia) 
 
 Mcmpliis 
 
 (Teuno.Hsiee) 
 Mexico City 
 
 (Mexico) 
 
 Mobile 
 
 (Alabama) 
 Monterey 
 
 (Mexico) 
 
 Montgomery 
 
 (Alabama) 
 
 Nashville 
 
 (TennCiiseG) 
 Newton 
 
 (Kansas) 
 
 Now York 
 
 Mis. 
 
 1H73 
 065 
 
 Mode of Conveyance. 
 
 455 
 960 
 
 2'Vi 
 
 Ponaacola 
 
 (Florida) 
 Philadelphia 
 (Pennsylvania) 
 
 321 
 
 626 
 
 1082 
 
 1516 
 
 Pueblo 
 
 (Colorado) 
 
 RaleigU 
 (North Carolina) 
 
 246 
 1279 
 
 1516 
 
 937 
 
 By Louisville, New Orleans and Texas 
 Railway, and via Atchison, Topeka 
 and Santa F^ Railway 
 
 Ry Louisville and Nashville and 
 Western of AlaV)ama to Atlanta, 
 thence by Richmond and Danville 
 Railway 
 
 By Louisville, New Orleans and Texas 
 Railway, direct / 
 
 By New Orleans, Harrisburg and San 
 Antonio to Sau Antonio, thence 
 International and Great Northern 
 to El Paso, and thence by Mexican 
 Central Railway 
 
 By Louisville and Nashville Railway, 
 or Pensacola and Atlantic Railway 
 
 By Texas and New Orleans, Galveston, 
 Harrisburg and San Antonio, 
 International and Great Northern 
 and Mexican National Railways . . . 
 
 By Louisville and Nashville Railway 
 
 By Louisville and Nashville Railway 
 
 By Louisville, New Orleans and Texas 
 Railway, direct, and via Atchison, 
 Topeka and Santa F^ Railway ... 
 
 By Louisville and Nashville and 
 Western of Alabama Railway to 
 Atlanta, thence Richmond and 
 Danville and Baltimore and Ohio 
 Railways 
 
 By Louisville and Nashville Railway, 
 or by steamer 
 
 By Louisville and Nashville and West- 
 ern of Alat)ama Railways, to 
 Atlanta, thence by Richmond and 
 Danville and Baltimore and Ohi6 
 Railways 
 
 By Louisville, New Orleans and Texas 
 Railway, and via Atchison, Topeka, 
 and Santa F^ Railwaj' 
 
 By Louisville and Nashville and West- 
 em of Alabama Railways, to 
 Atlanta thence by Richmond and 
 Danville Railway 
 
 Time. 
 
 D. H. 
 
 2 lU 
 
 -17i 
 
 2 — 
 
 - 13 
 
 1 12i 
 
 I 21 
 - 9h 
 
 1 19 
 
 2 3^ 
 
 1 9 
 
 Faro. 
 
 Dl. cts. 
 
 58 10 
 
 28 5 
 11 85 
 
 32 40 
 
 31 
 
 32 35 
 47 10 
 
 2» 65 
 
291 
 
 New Orleans to 
 
 Richmond 
 
 (Virginia) 
 
 Salt-Lake City 
 (Utah) 
 
 San Francisco 
 (California) 
 
 Siuittt Fe 
 
 (New Mexico) 
 
 Savannah 
 
 (Georgia) 
 St. Louis 
 
 (Illinois) 
 
 Mis. 
 
 1043 
 
 Mode of Conveyance. 
 
 By Louisville and Nashville and West- 
 ern of Alabama Railways, to 
 Atlanta, thence by Richmond and 
 Danville Railway 
 
 2132 By Louisville, New Orleans and Texas 
 
 Kailway ivfe Atchison, Topekaand 
 
 Santa F6, thence via Denver, bv 
 
 Rio Grande Railway . . 
 By New Orleans and Texas" Pacific 
 
 and Southern and Central Pacific 
 
 Railways 
 By Louisville, New Orleans and Texas 
 
 and Atchison, Topeka and Santa 
 
 re Railway 
 By Louisville and Nashville Railway ' 
 
 Time. 
 
 D. H. 
 
 1 12 
 
 2495 
 1750 
 
 4 2 
 
 4 20 
 
 666 
 625 
 
 Topeka 
 
 (Kansas) 
 
 Vicksburg 
 
 (Missouri) 
 
 Washington 
 
 (D.O.) 
 
 947 
 
 235 
 
 1143 
 
 3 
 1 
 
 6 
 1 
 
 By Illinois Central Railway 
 
 By Louisville, New Orleans and Texas 
 Railway arid Atchison, Topeka and 
 Santa Fe Railway 
 
 By Louisville, New Orleans and Texas 
 Railway, direct 
 
 By Louisville and Nashville and West- 
 em of Alabama Railways, to At- 
 i^T^ta, th^ce by Richmond and 
 Danville Railway. 
 
 1 16 
 
 Pare. 
 
 Dl.cts. 
 
 28 55 
 
 78 15 
 98 15 
 62 k) 
 
 1 9J ; 28 85 
 - Bh 7 5 
 
 1 14 
 
 29 55 
 
 K 2 
 
TABLE 
 
 OF ROUTES, TIMES, AND FABE8 BY BAIL, STEAM- 
 BOAT. DILIGENCE, Ac, CALCULATED FBOM 
 
 NEW YORK. 
 
 • The fares are calculated at the moment in poin)? to press, and are liable 
 to change continually. They are calculated for unlimited tickefn, viz., such 
 allowing to stop, eti route at any place, and for any length of time, and are 
 good until used. For price of limited ticketH (good for one continuous journey 
 only, without stopping), and also excurtion Hcketg, we refer to monthly time 
 tables. 
 
 New York to 
 
 <i 
 
 
 Aguas Calientes 
 (Mexico) 
 
 Albany 
 
 (New York) 
 Albuquerque 
 (New Mexico) 
 
 Alexandria Bay 
 (1,000 Islands) 
 
 Ashland 
 
 (Wisconsin) 
 
 Atchison 
 
 (Kansas) 
 
 Atlanta 
 
 Mis. 
 
 3460 
 
 141 
 2316 
 
 375 
 
 1443 
 
 1389 
 
 (Georgia) 
 
 Auburn 
 
 (Maine) 
 
 876 
 
 380 
 
 Mode of Conveyance. 
 
 By New York, Lake Erie and 
 Western, and Chicago and Atlan- 
 tic Railway, or via St. Louis, 
 Kansas City to El Paso, Texas, 
 thence by Mexican Central Railway 
 
 By West Shore Railway 
 
 By New York Central and Hudson 
 River, or New York, Lake Erie and 
 Western, or New York, West 
 Shore and Buffalo Railway, and via 
 Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe 
 Railway from Kansas City 
 
 By New York Central and Hudson 
 River Railway, to Rome, thence 
 by Rome.Watertown and Ogdens- 
 burg Railway to Cape Vincent, 
 and thence by Steamer 
 
 By New York Central and Hudson 
 River Railway, to Buffalo, thence 
 by Lake Sui>erior Transit Com- 
 pany's steamer 
 
 By New York Central and Hudson 
 River, or New York, Lake Erie and 
 Western, or New York, West Shore 
 and Buffalo Railway, and from 
 Chicago by Chicago, Burlington 
 and Quincy Railway 
 
 By Baltimore and Ohio Railway, to 
 Washington, thence Virginia, Mid- 
 land, and Richmond and Danville 
 Railways 
 
 By Fall River Line Steamers, con- 
 necting with Old Colony Railway 
 to Boston, thence by Maine Central 
 Railway 
 
 Time. 
 
 D. 
 
 H. 
 
 6 
 
 4J 
 
 4 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 14 
 
 6 
 
 — 
 
 2 
 
 23 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 
 
 20 
 
 Fare, 
 
 Dl. cts. 
 
 97 66 
 3 10 
 
 71 70 
 
 8 76 
 
 34 26 
 
 39 — 
 
 24 - 
 
 9 8() 
 
I, and are liable 
 kefg, viz., such 
 time, and are 
 inuous journey 
 ) monthly time 
 
 Now York to 
 
 Augusta 
 
 (Maine) 
 
 Ausable 
 
 (New York) 
 
 Baltimore 
 
 (Maryland) 
 Bangor 
 
 (Maine) 
 
 Bar Harbor 
 
 (Maine) 
 
 Barstow 
 
 (California) 
 
 Bath 
 
 (Maine) 
 
 Bayfield 
 
 (Wisconsin) 
 
 Belfast 
 
 (Maine) 
 
 Birmingham 
 
 (Alabama) 
 
 Boston 
 
 (Massachusetts) 
 Brunswick 
 
 (Maine) 
 
 Buffalo 
 
 (New York) 
 
 Mis. 
 
 293 
 
 Mode of Conveyance. 
 
 407 ; By Fall River Lino Steamers, con- 
 
 I necting with Old Colony Railway 
 
 I to Boston, thence by Maine Central 
 
 Railway 
 
 295 By Delaware and Hudson River Rail- 
 I way 
 
 18i By Baltimore and Ohio Railway 
 
 480 
 
 bZo 
 
 4386 
 
 383 
 
 1463 
 
 470 
 
 1042 
 
 230 
 374 
 
 426 
 
 By Fall River Steamers, connecting 
 with Old Colony Railway, to Bos- 
 ton, thence by Maine Central Rail- 
 way 
 
 By Fall River Steamers, connecting 
 with Old Colony Railway, to Bos- 
 ton, thence by Maine Central Rail- 
 way 
 
 By New York Central and Hudson 
 River Railway, or New York Lake 
 Erie and Western, or New York, 
 West Shore and Buffalo Railway, 
 and vid Atchison, Topeka and 
 Santa Fd Railway, from Kansas 
 City, and Atlantic and Pacific 
 Railway, from Albuquerque 
 
 By Fall River Steamers, connecting 
 with Old Colony Railway, to Bos- 
 ton, thence by Maine Central Rail- 
 way 
 
 Bj'- New York Central and Hudson 
 River, or New York, West Shore 
 and Buffalo, or New York Lake 
 Erie and Western Railway, to 
 Buffalo, thence by Lake Superior 
 Transit Company 's steamers 
 
 By Pall River Steamers, connecting 
 with Old Colony Railway, to Bos- 
 ton, thence by Maine Central Rail- 
 way 
 
 By Baltimore and Ohio Railway, to 
 Washington, thence Virginia, Mid- 
 land and Richmond, and Danville 
 Railways 
 
 By Fall River Steamers, connecting 
 with Old Colony Railway 
 
 By Fall River Steamers, connecting 
 with Old Colony Railway, to Bos- 
 ton, thence by Maine Central Rail, 
 way 
 
 By New York, West Shore and Buffalo 
 Railway 
 
 Time. 
 
 D. H. 
 
 — 21 
 
 — 10 
 
 — 5 
 1 — 
 
 Fare. 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 — 
 
 21 
 
 
 . 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 — 
 
 1 
 
 15 
 
 — 
 
 14 
 
 ^ 
 
 20 
 
 — 
 
 18 
 
 1 
 
 
 Dl. cts. 
 
 9 — 
 
 — 
 
 1 40 
 
 12" 80 
 14 05 
 
 116 35 
 
 8 25 
 
 34 25 
 
 — 12 55 
 
 23 80 
 
 4 — 
 
 9 80 
 9 25 
 
 i 
 
294 
 
 New York to 
 
 '1 'I 
 
 U i 
 
 JU i 
 
 I M 
 
 |f:'.<?;?»^ l| 
 
 r- ./ii 
 
 Cnpe Vincent 
 (New York) 
 
 Charlotte 
 (North Carolintt) 
 
 Charlottesville 
 (Virginia) 
 
 Chicago 
 
 (Illinois) 
 Chihnahua 
 
 (Mexico) 
 
 Cincinnati 
 
 (Ohio) 
 
 City of Mexico 
 (Mexico) 
 
 Cleveland 
 
 (Ohio) 
 
 Colorado Springs 
 (Colorado) 
 
 Cooperstown 
 (New York) 
 
 Colton 
 
 (California) 
 
 Danville 
 
 (Virginia) 
 
 Mis. 
 
 347 
 
 608 
 
 342 
 
 040 
 2700 
 
 854 
 3825 
 
 610 
 
 2022 
 
 235 
 
 4610 
 
 466 
 
 Mode of Conveyance, 
 
 By New York Ccntml and Hudson 
 River Railway, to Rome, thence by 
 Rome, Watortown and Ogiieusbnrg 
 Railway 
 
 By Brtltiinore and Ohio Railway, to 
 Washington, Uienco by Virginia 
 Midland, and Richmond and Dan- 
 ville Railway 
 
 By Baltimore and Ohio Railway, to 
 Washington, thence by Virginia 
 Midland, and Richmond and Dan- 
 ville Railway 
 
 By New York, Chicago and St. Louis 
 Railway 
 
 By New York Central and Hudson 
 River Railway, and by Atchison, 
 Topeka and 'Santa ¥6 Railway 
 from Kansas City, an<l Mexican 
 Central Railway from El Paso 
 
 By New York, Chicago and St. Louis 
 Railway, t() Cleveland, thence by 
 Clevelaml, Columbus, Cmcinnati 
 and Indianapolis Railway 
 
 By New York, l^ake Erie and Wes- 
 tern, and Chicago and Atlantic 
 Railway, lid Chicago or St. Louis, 
 Kansas City, to El Paso, Texas ; 
 thence by Mexican Central Rail- 
 way 
 
 By New York, West Shore and 
 Buffalo Railway, to Buffalo, thence 
 by Lake Superior Transit Com- 
 pany's stennier 
 
 By New York Central and Hudson 
 River, Chicago, Burlington and 
 Quincy, and vid Atchison, Top6ka 
 and Santa F^ Railways, via Kansas 
 City 
 
 By Delaware and Hudson River 
 Railway, via Albany, to Coopert - 
 town Junction, thence by Coopers- 
 town and Susquehanna Valley 
 Railway 
 
 By New York Central and Hudson 
 River Railway, or New York Lake 
 Erie and Western, or New York, 
 West Shore and Buffalo Railway, 
 and via Atchison, Topeka and 
 Santa F^ Railway, from Kansas 
 City and Atlantic and t*acific 
 Railway from Albuquerque 
 
 By Pennsylvania Railway, to Wash- 
 ington, thence by Virginia Midland 
 and Richmond and Danville Rail- 
 ways 
 
 Time. 
 
 D. H. 
 
 — 11 
 
 23 
 
 — 13 
 1 15 
 
 4 18 
 
 1 m 
 
 Fare. 
 Dl. cts. 
 
 8 20 
 
 10 2.-. 
 
 10 2'. 
 23 2.-. 
 
 81 30 
 17 25 
 
 7 — 
 
 20 
 
 4 11 
 
 — 8 
 
 22 
 
 113 
 
 5 — 
 
 61 25 
 
 6 15 
 
 120 50 
 
 — 18 14 — 
 
 m 
 
2i^5 
 
 New York to 
 
 Denver 
 
 (Colorado) 
 
 Detroit 
 
 (Michii,'aii) 
 
 Do<ljijc City 
 
 (Kansas) 
 
 D-.i!uth 
 
 (Minnesota) 
 
 Kl Paso 
 
 (Texas) 
 
 Erie 
 (Pennsylvania) 
 
 FallRivfr 
 
 (Massachusetts) 
 J'itchburg 
 
 (Massachusetts) 
 Flagstaff 
 
 (Arizona) 
 
 (Jaincsville 
 
 (Florida) 
 Goldsboro 
 (North Carolina) 
 
 Greensboro 
 (North Carolina) 
 
 Guanajuato 
 
 (Mexico) 
 
 Mis. 
 
 2007 
 
 713 
 
 1710 
 
 1120 
 
 2574 
 
 506 
 
 181 
 
 266 
 
 3716 
 
 646 
 
 515 
 
 2714 
 
 Mode of Conveyance. 
 
 By New York Central and Hudson 
 Rivei Rai' vay, ond nV Atchison, 
 Topeka and Santa ¥6 Railway, 
 from Kansas City 
 
 By New York Central and Hudson 
 River Railway, or New York, 
 West Shore and Buffalo Kailway to 
 Buffalo, thence Lake Sui)>'rior 
 Transit Cotni)any's Steamer 
 
 By New York Ceiitral and Hi s n 
 River, «/• Lake Erie and We.-, ii, 
 or West Shore and Buffalo Kail- 
 way, andn« Atchison, Topeka and 
 Santa Fe Railway from Atcliisoii, 
 Kansas City or Leavenworth 
 
 By New Y'ork, West Shore and 
 Buffalo Railway, to Buffalo, thence 
 Lake Superior Transit Com- 
 pany's Steamer 
 
 By New York Central and Hudson 
 River, Chicago, Burlin>?ton, and 
 Quincy, and Atchison, Topeka and 
 Santa Ft' Railwajs, from Kansas 
 City 
 
 By New York, West Shore and Buffalo 
 and New York, Chicauro and St. 
 Louis Railways 
 
 By Steamer of Fall River Line, con- 
 necting with Old Colony Kaihvny 
 
 By Steamer of Fall River Line, cmi- 
 necting with Old Colony Riiilway 
 
 By New Xork Central and Hudson 
 River, Chicago, Burlington and 
 Quincy, and Atchison, Topeka and 
 Santa Fe Railway, from Kansas 
 City, and Atlantic and Pacific 
 Railway, from Albuquerque 
 
 By Western and Atlantic and Florida 
 Railway 
 
 By Pennsylvania Railway, to Wash- 
 ington, thence Richmond and Dan- 
 ville Railway 
 
 By Pennsylvania Railway, to Wash- 
 ington, thence Richmond and Dan- 
 ville Railway 
 
 By New York, Chicago, St. Louis 
 Railway, to Chicago, thenoc by 
 Chicago, Burlington and Quincy, 
 via Kansas City, by Atchisim, 
 Topeka and Santa Fo Railway, to 
 El Paso and Mexican Central Rail- 
 way 
 
 Time. 
 
 D. 
 
 H. 
 
 4 
 
 12 
 
 o 
 
 «. 
 
 H 
 
 3 
 
 16 
 
 6 
 
 — 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 — 
 
 22i 
 
 . — 
 
 12i 
 
 " 
 
 15 
 
 6 
 
 20 
 
 1 
 
 16 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 — 
 
 20 
 
 4 
 
 10.i 
 
 Fate. 
 
 Dl.rls. 
 
 t)4 25 
 
 Hi 7i 
 
 40 -W) 
 
 71 70 
 
 1 1 2.", 
 
 3 — 
 
 3 MO 
 
 92 .V> 
 
 40 05 
 
 14 MO 
 
 IC 10 
 
 i 
 
 t 
 
 7H tH) 
 
29G 
 
 /, 
 
 fl !){! 
 
 !! ^ •' 
 
 mi:' 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 
 11! 
 
 
 V'» 
 
 
 ii\ 
 
 
 r <- 
 
 1 :i 
 
 I: 
 
 1,1 i' 
 
 il-: 
 
 si I" 
 
 I .1 
 
 :!: 
 
 ^^ si if 
 
 il 
 
 
 r 
 
 '5 1 
 
 .H I*' 
 
 ■ i 
 
 ■:f i, 
 
 ^mti' 
 
 i»«^**>-r 
 
 ; ^' 
 
 New York to 
 
 Mis. 
 
 Mode of Conveyance. 
 
 Time. 
 
 Fare. 
 
 
 
 D, H. 
 
 Dl. cts. 
 
 Guaytnas 
 
 3124 
 
 By Nev/ York Central & Hudson River, 
 
 
 ! 
 
 (Mexico) 
 
 
 or New York, Lake Erie ancl 
 Western, or New York, West Shore 
 and Buffalo Railway, and Chicapro, 
 Burlingon and Quincy, via Atchi- 
 son, Topeka and Santa Y6 Railway, 
 from Kansas City and from 
 
 • 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 Benson by Sonora Railway 
 
 5 12 
 
 107 7 
 
 Halifax 
 
 063 
 
 By Fall River Line Steamers to 
 
 
 
 (N. S.) 
 
 
 Boston, thence hy Maine and Inter- 
 
 
 
 
 
 colonial Railway 
 
 1 20 
 
 20 55 
 
 Hancock 
 
 1300 
 
 By New York, West Shore and Buffalo 
 
 
 
 (Michigan) 
 
 
 Railway, to Buffalo, thence by 
 Lake Superior Transit Company's 
 
 
 
 
 
 Steamers to destination 
 
 5 
 
 19 — 
 
 Herraosillo 
 
 291S 
 
 By New York Central and Hudson 
 
 
 
 (Mexico) 
 
 
 River, or New York, Lake Erie 
 and Western, or New York, West. 
 Shore and Buffalo Railway, and 
 Chicago, Burlington and Quincy, 
 via Atchison, Topeka and Santa 
 Fd Railway from Kansas City and 
 
 
 
 
 
 from Benson by Sonora Railway... 
 
 5 2^ 
 
 103 30 
 
 Houghton 
 
 1303 
 
 'By New York, West Shore and Buffalo 
 
 
 
 (Michigan) 
 
 
 Railway, to Buffalo, thence by 
 Lake Superior Transit Company's 
 
 
 
 
 
 Steamers to destination 
 
 5 6 
 
 19 — 
 
 Jacksonville 
 
 1108 
 
 By Pennsylvnnia,Western andAtlantic 
 
 
 
 (Florida) 
 
 
 and Florida Railway 
 
 1 12 
 
 25 — 
 
 Kansas City 
 
 1342 
 
 By New York Central and Hudson 
 River, and Chicago, Burlington and 
 
 
 
 
 
 Quincy Railways 
 
 3 2 
 
 39 — 
 
 Kingston 
 
 358 
 
 By New York Central and Hudson 
 
 
 
 (Ontario) 
 
 
 River Railway, to Rome, thence bj' 
 Rome, Watertowu and Ogdensburg 
 
 
 
 
 
 to Cape Vincent, and by Steamer 
 
 - 13^ 
 
 9 20 
 
 Lagos 
 
 3529 
 
 By New York, Lake Erie and Western 
 
 
 f 
 
 (Mexico) 
 
 
 Railway, vid Chicago, or St. Louis, 
 or Kansas City by Atchison, Topeka 
 and Santa Fd Railwav, to El Paso, 
 
 
 
 
 
 thence by Mexican Central Railway 
 
 6 12 
 
 100 60 
 
 Leavenworth 
 
 1368 
 
 By New York Central and Hudson 
 
 
 
 (Kansas) 
 
 
 River, and Chicago, Burlington and 
 
 
 
 
 
 Quincy Railways 
 
 By New York, Lake Erie and Western 
 
 2 23 
 
 39 — 
 
 Leon 
 
 3565 
 
 
 
 (Mexico) 
 
 
 Railway, ria Chicago, or St. Louis, 
 
 
 L 
 
 ■*■.'. ' 
 
 
 or Kansas City by Atchison, Topeka 
 and Santa F«5 Railway, to El Paso, 
 
 >. 
 
 t 
 
 
 
 thence by Mexican Central Railway 
 
 6 12 
 
 102 15 
 
297 
 
 New York to 
 
 Mis. 
 
 Mode of Conveyance. 
 
 Time. 
 
 Fare. 
 
 
 
 D. M. 
 
 Dl.cts. 
 
 Lerdo 
 
 3116 
 
 Bj' New York, Lake Erie and Western 
 
 
 
 (Mexico) 
 
 
 Railway, tid Chicago, or St. Louis, 
 Or Kansas City by Atchison, Topeka 
 and Santa Fe Railway, to El Paso, 
 
 
 
 
 
 thence by Mexican Central Railway 
 
 5 12 
 
 83 3 
 
 Lewiston 
 
 380 
 
 By Fall River Line's Steamer to 
 
 
 
 (Maine) 
 
 
 Boston, thence by Maine Central 
 
 
 
 
 
 Railway * 
 
 — 20 
 
 8 25 
 
 Los Angeles 
 
 4625 
 
 By New York Central and Hudson 
 
 
 
 (California) 
 
 
 River Railway, or New York, Lake 
 Erie and Western, or New York 
 
 
 ' 
 
 
 
 West Shore and Buffalo Railways, 
 and via Atchison.Topeka and Santa 
 F6 Railways from Kansas City, 
 and Atlantic and Pacific Railway, 
 
 
 
 
 
 from Albuqueniue 
 
 9 — 
 
 120 50 
 
 Madera 
 
 3520 
 
 By Pennsylvania, or New Y'ork Cen- 
 
 
 
 (California) 
 
 
 tral and Hudson River, or New 
 York, Lake Erie and W^estem, or 
 New York, West Shore and Buffalo 
 Railway, and rm Atchison, Topeka, 
 and Santa lY Railway from Kansas 
 City and Albuquerque and via 
 Southern Pacific Railway from 
 
 
 
 
 
 Mojave 
 
 G — 
 
 126 50 
 
 Malone 
 
 434 
 
 By New York Central and Hudson 
 
 
 
 (New York) 
 
 
 River and Rome, Watertown and 
 Ogdensburg Railway, cid Nor- 
 
 
 
 
 
 wood 
 
 — 18 
 
 9 35 
 
 Marquette 
 
 1223 
 
 By New York, West Shore and Buffalo 
 
 
 
 (Michigan) 
 
 
 Railway, to Buffalo, thence Lake 
 
 
 
 
 
 Superior Transit Co.'s Steamer ... 
 
 4 6 
 
 26 25 
 
 Mobile 
 
 1230 
 
 By Baltimore and Ohio Railway, to 
 
 
 
 (Alabama) 
 
 
 Washington, thence Virginia Mid- 
 land and Richmond and Danville 
 
 
 
 
 
 Railway 
 
 1 17 
 
 26 — 
 
 Montgomery 
 
 1012 
 
 By Pennsylvania Railway, to Wash- 
 
 
 
 (Alabama) 
 
 
 ington, thence Virginia, Midland 
 and Louisville and Nashville 
 
 
 
 
 
 Railway 
 
 1 11 
 
 25 25 
 
 Montreal 
 
 605 
 
 By New York Central and Hudson 
 
 
 
 (Quebec) 
 
 
 River Railway to Rome, thence by 
 Rome, Watertown and Ogdensburg 
 Railway ,to Ogdensburg and Grand 
 
 
 
 
 
 Trunk Railway of Canada 
 
 — 23 
 
 13 80 
 
 New Bedford 
 
 207 
 
 By Fall River Line Steamer to Newport 
 
 
 
 (Massachusetts) 
 
 
 thence by Old Colony Railway ... 
 
 — 12J 
 
 3 55 
 
 New Orleans 
 
 1371 
 
 By Baltimore and Ohio Railway, to 
 
 
 
 (Louisiana) 
 
 
 Washington, thence Virginia Mid- 
 
 
 
 
 
 land Railway 
 
 1 21 
 
 32 — 
 
 Newport (R. I.) 
 
 163 
 
 By Fall River Line Steamer 
 
 -m 
 
 3 — 
 
e i <i 
 
 298 
 
 New York to 
 
 Newton 
 
 (Kansar^ 
 
 Niagara Falls 
 (New York) 
 
 Norwood 
 
 (New York) 
 
 Ogdensburg 
 
 (New York) 
 
 Omaha 
 
 (Nebraska) 
 
 Oswego 
 
 (New York.) 
 
 Ottawa 
 
 (Ontario) 
 
 Paso del Norte 
 (Mexico) 
 
 Philadelphia 
 
 (Pennsylvania) 
 Plattsburgh 
 
 (New York) 
 Port Huron 
 
 (Michigan) 
 
 MlR. 
 
 Puel)lo 
 
 15tt 
 
 ^2 
 
 398 
 
 393 
 
 1583 
 321 
 
 U7 
 
 (Colonwlo) 
 
 Queretaro 
 
 (Mexico) 
 
 2575 
 
 90 
 310 
 
 783 
 
 1977 
 
 Mode of Conveyance. 
 
 Time. Fare 
 
 2659 
 
 By New York Central and Hudson 
 River, or New York, Lake Erie, 
 and Western or New York, 
 AVest Shore and Buffalo, and cid 
 Atchison, Topeka and Santa Ft* 
 Railway, from Kansas City 
 
 By West Shore Railway 
 
 By New York, Central and Hudson 
 River Railway, to Rome, thence 
 Rome, Watertown, and Ogdens- 
 burg Railway 
 
 By Now York Central and Hudson 
 River Railway, to Rome, thence by 
 Rome, Watertown and Ogdens- 
 burg Railway 
 
 By New York, ('hicago, and St. Louis 
 and Chicago, Milwaukee and St 
 
 Paul Railway 
 
 By New York Centi*nl and Hudson 
 River Railway, to Rome, thence by 
 Rome, Watertown and Ogdens- 
 burg Railway 
 
 By New York Central and Hudson 
 River Railway to Rome, thence by 
 Rome, Watertown and Ogdensburg 
 Railwaj', and Canadian Pacific 
 Railway 
 
 By New York Central and Hudson 
 River, Cliicago, Burlington, and 
 Quincy, and Atchison, Topeka and 
 Santa* Fe Railways, from Kansas 
 City 
 
 By Pennsylvania Railway 
 
 By Delaware and Hudson River Rail- 
 w .ty, from Albany 
 
 By New York, West Shore and Bi^ffalo 
 Railway to Buffalo, thence Lake 
 Superior Transit Company's 
 Steamer 
 
 By New York Central and Hudson 
 River Railway, and via A^jchison, 
 Topeka and Santa F6 Railway, 
 from Kansas City 
 
 By New York Central and Hudson 
 River, Chicago, Burlington, and 
 Quincy, and Atchison, Topeka and 
 Santa' F^ Railways, from Kansas 
 City, thence by Mexican Central 
 Railway 
 
 s. M. 
 
 Dl.cts. 
 
 2 (i 
 — 20 
 
 — 15 
 
 -141 
 
 2 1 
 
 — lOi 
 
 19 
 
 (with 
 stops) 
 5 — 
 
 — 2 
 
 -m 
 
 2 18 
 
 2 19i 
 
 U 55 
 9 25 
 
 9 SA 
 
 9 — 
 
 33 50 
 
 7 5 
 
 11 20 
 
 71 70 
 2 — 
 
 « 85 
 
 17 75 
 
 59 25 
 
 4 12 
 
 75 »0 
 
 M'^ ^' 
 
Time. 
 
 Fare. 
 
 S. M. 
 
 Dl.cts. 
 
 2 a 
 
 — 20 
 
 4^1 55 
 9 2.'> 
 
 
 1, 
 
 - 16 
 
 9 SA 
 
 -14J 
 
 9 — 
 
 2 1 
 
 33 50 
 
 — 101 
 
 19 
 
 (with 
 stops) 
 5 — 
 
 — 2 
 
 -m 
 
 2 18 
 
 2 19i 
 
 7 5 
 
 U 20 
 
 71 70 
 2 — 
 
 « 85 
 
 17 75 
 
 59 25 
 
 New York to 
 
 Raleigh 
 
 (North Carolina) 
 
 Riverside 
 
 (California) 
 
 Rochester 
 
 (New York) 
 Rutland 
 
 (Vermont) 
 
 Salt Lake City 
 (Utah) 
 
 San Bemiardino 
 (CaUfornia) 
 
 San Diego 
 
 (California) 
 
 San Francisco 
 (California) 
 
 Santa F^ 
 
 (New Mexico) 
 
 Saratoga 
 
 (New York) 
 Sault Ste-Marie 
 
 (Michigan) 
 
 4 12 7« 0(^ 
 
 Mis. 
 
 596 
 3130 
 
 367 
 240 
 
 2840 
 
 299 
 
 Mode of Conveyance. 
 
 3126 
 
 3130 
 
 3566 
 
 2360 
 
 178 
 1063 
 
 By Baltimore and Ohio Railway, to 
 Washington, thence Richmond and 
 
 Danville Railway 
 
 By New York Central and Hudson 
 River Railway, and via Atchison, 
 Topeka and Santa Fe Railway, to 
 Albuquerque and California Rail- 
 way from Burstow 
 
 By West Shore Railway 
 
 By Delaware and Hudson Canal Railway 
 
 By New York Central and Hudson 
 River, and Chicagt), Burlington and 
 Quincy Railways, thence by 
 Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe 
 Railway, and from Pueblo by 
 Denver and Rio Grande Railway . . . 
 
 By New York Central and Hudson 
 River Railway, and via Atchison, 
 Topeka and Santa Fe Railway, 
 from Kansas City, to Albuquerque, 
 and California' Railway from 
 Barstow 
 
 By New York Central and Hudson 
 River Railway, and via Atchison, 
 Topeka and Santa Fe Railway, 
 from Kansas City, to Albuciuerque, 
 and California Railway from 
 Barstow 
 
 By New York Central and Hudson 
 River Railway, and via Atchisor, 
 Topeka and Santa Fe Railway, 
 from Kansas City, to Albuquerque, 
 and California Railway from 
 Barstow, and via Southern Pacific 
 Railway from Mojave 
 
 By New York Central and Hudson 
 River, and Chicago, Burlington 
 and Quincy Railways, thence by 
 Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe 
 Railway 
 
 By West Shore Railway 
 
 By New York, West Shore and Buffalo, 
 or New York Central and Hudson 
 River, or New York, Lake Erie 
 and Western, or Delaware, Lacka- 
 wanna and Western Railway, to 
 Buffalo, thence by Lake Superior 
 Transit Company's Steamer 
 
 Time. 
 
 D. 
 
 M. 
 
 1 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 — 
 
 15 
 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 — 
 
 6 
 
 — 
 
 6 
 
 — 
 
 6 
 
 12 
 
 3 
 
 18 
 
 
 7 
 
 3 
 
 18 
 
 •i 
 
 
 Fare. 
 
 Dl. cts. 
 
 15 20 
 
 120 5(> 
 7 OK 
 
 6 15 
 
 90 m 
 
 120 5o 
 
 120 50 
 
 120 5<> 
 
 71 2o 
 
 4 20 
 
 24 75 
 
■ 
 
 s 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 
 11'' 
 
 
 IS 
 
 It " 
 
 Sim.:' 
 
 i 
 
 A^f 
 
 hiwi 
 
 '■■%, § 
 
 rf^ij 
 
 300 
 
 New York to 
 
 Savannah 
 
 (Georgia) 
 
 Sharon Springs 
 (New York) 
 St. John 
 (New Brunswick) 
 
 St. Louis 
 
 (Missouri) 
 
 St. Paul 
 
 (Minnesota) 
 
 Syracuse 
 
 (New York) 
 
 Taunton 
 (Massachusetts) 
 
 The Adirondack 
 Mountains 
 
 Thomasville 
 
 (Georgia) 
 
 Mis. 
 
 1221 
 
 201 
 
 686 
 
 879 
 1349 
 
 278 
 
 194 
 300 
 
 Topcka 
 
 (Kansas) 
 
 1405 
 
 1408 
 
 Utica 
 
 (New York) 
 
 Washington 
 (District of 
 Columbia) 
 Watertown 
 
 (New York) 
 
 232 
 
 224 
 324 
 
 Mode of Conveyance. 
 
 By Baltimore and Ohio Railway to 
 Washington, thence Virginia, 
 Midland and North-Eastem Rail- 
 way, to Charleston, and bv 
 Savannah and Charleston Rail- 
 way (by steamer in 2 days 7 hours, 
 price 320) 
 
 By Delaware and Hudson River R^il- 
 way, rtrf Albany 
 
 By Fall River Line's Steamer, to 
 Boston, thence Maine Central 
 Railway 
 
 By New York, Lake Erie and Western 
 Railway to Cleveland, thence 
 Indianapolis and St. Louis Rail- 
 way 
 
 By New York, Chicago and St, 
 Louis to Chicago, thence Chicago, 
 Milwaukee and St. Paul Rail- 
 way 
 
 By West Shore Railway 
 
 By Fall River Line's Steamer to 
 Newport, thence by Old Colony 
 Railway 
 
 By Delaware and Hudson Railway, 
 via Albanj', to Westport, Port 
 Kent or Ausable Station ; stage 
 lines from all above points to 
 every station in the moun- 
 tains 
 
 By Baltimore and Ohio Railway, to 
 Washington, thence Virginia, 
 Midland, North-Eastem, and via 
 Savannah, Florida anc* Western 
 Railwaj'' 
 
 By New York Central and Hudson 
 River Railway, and vid Atchison, 
 Topeka and Santa F4 Railway 
 from Kansas City 
 
 Time. 
 
 Fare. 
 
 D. M. 
 
 1 7 
 — 6 
 
 1 8 
 1 10 
 
 2 3 
 -12J 
 
 Dl. cts. 
 
 31 15 
 
 4 85 
 
 14 50 
 
 30 50 
 
 33 — 
 6 06 
 
 9tol2hs.'7itollS 
 
 By West Shore Railway 
 
 By Baltimore and Ohio Railway 
 
 t 
 
 By New York, Central and Hudson 
 River Railway, to Rome, and Rome, 
 Watertown, and Ogdensburg Rail- 
 
 Vt tt J* til ■•• att ••• ••• 
 
 — 12 
 
 3 33 
 
 1 14 
 
 3 2 
 
 — 8 
 
 - 7 
 
 — 10 
 
 37 15 
 
 40 50 
 
 5 — 
 
 6 00 
 
 7 60 
 
Cirae. 
 
 ►. M. 
 
 Fare. 
 
 Dl. cts. 
 
 1 7 
 - 6 
 
 1 8 
 10 
 
 2 3 
 
 - 12i 
 
 31 15 
 
 4 85 
 
 14 50 
 
 30 50 
 
 33 — 
 6 06 
 
 - 12 
 
 3 35 
 
 ol2hs.' 
 
 1 14 
 
 3 2 
 
 - 8 
 
 - 7 
 
 7itollS 
 
 37 15 
 
 40 50 
 
 5 — 
 
 6 00 
 
 - 10 
 
 7 60 
 
 301 
 
 New York to 
 
 Mis. 
 
 425 
 3385 
 
 Mode of Conveyance. 
 
 Time. 
 
 Fare. 
 
 Waterville 
 
 (Maine) 
 
 Zacatecas 
 
 (Mexico) 
 
 By Pall River Line's Steamer, to Bos- 
 ton, thence Maine Central Railway 
 
 By New York, Lake IJrie, and Wes- 
 tern Railway, via Chicago, or St. 
 Louis, Kansas City, to E' Paso 
 (Texas) ; thence by Mexican Cen- 
 tral Railway 
 
 D. u. 
 — 22 
 
 6 — 
 
 01. cts. 
 9 75 
 
 94 50 
 
'n 
 
 1 " s 
 
 V 
 
 % I. 
 
 
 'V 
 
 :^ 
 
 
 i 
 
 !^ 
 
 I 
 
 )» 
 
 f 
 
 } 
 
 l! 
 
 1 
 
 I 
 J , 
 
 ■^^f] 
 
 , TABLE 
 
 OF BOUTES, TIMES, AND FABES BY BAIL, STEAM- 
 BOAT, DIIiIQENCE, Ac, CAIiCULATED FBOM 
 
 SAN FRANCISCO. 
 
 The fares are calculp.ted at the moment in going to press, and are liable 
 to change. They aie calculated for unlimited tickett, viz., such allowing 
 to break the journey eti route at any place, and for any length of time, and 
 good until used. For price of limited (good for one continuous journey 
 only, without stopping) and excursion ticket*, we refer to monthly time 
 tables. 
 
 San Francisco to 
 
 Albuciucrque 
 (New Mexico) 
 
 Astoria 
 
 (Oregon) 
 Atchison 
 
 (Kansas) 
 
 Austin 
 
 (Texas) 
 
 Chicago 
 
 (lUinois) 
 
 Denver 
 
 (C'olorado) 
 
 Mis. 
 
 1197 
 
 600 
 2099 
 
 2900 
 
 2604 
 
 1718 
 
 Bl Paso 1286 
 
 (T'las) 
 
 Mode of Conveyance. 
 
 By Southern Pacific Railway, to 
 Mojave, thence Atlantic and 
 Pacific Railway, to Albuquerque, 
 and vid Atchison, Topeka, and 
 Santa Fe R ail wa y 
 
 By Steamer 
 
 By Southern Pacific Railway, to 
 Mojave, thence Atlantic and 
 Pacific Railway, to Albuquerque, 
 and via Atchison, Topeka, and 
 Santa F^ Railway 
 
 By Southern Pacific Railway to El 
 Paso, thence by Galveston, Harris- 
 burg and San Antonio Railway, 
 and Houston and Texas Central 
 Railway 
 
 By ' Southern Pacific Railway, to 
 Moiave, thence vid Albuquerque 
 and Kansas City 
 
 By Southern Pacific Railway, to 
 Mojave, Atlantic and Pacific Rail- 
 way, to Albuquerque, thence by 
 Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe 
 Railway 
 
 By Southern Pacific Railway ... 
 
 Time. 
 
 Fare. 
 
 D. H. 
 
 1 19 
 
 1 — 
 
 3 6 
 
 4 16 
 
 4 — 
 
 1 19 
 
 Dl. cts?. 
 
 &i 90 
 20 — 
 
 90 — 
 
 102 m 
 
 78 
 
 i;1f>:^.;!J 
 
L, STEAM 
 5*BOM 
 
 , and are liable 
 
 such allowing: 
 
 th of time, and 
 
 inuous journey 
 
 monthly time 
 
 Time. 
 
 Fare. 
 
 D. H. 
 
 1 19 
 
 9 _ 
 
 3 6 
 
 4 16 
 
 Dl. cts, 
 
 64 m 
 20 — 
 
 90 — 
 
 4 — 
 
 102 5# 
 
 3 2 
 
 1 19 
 
 \ ^ 
 
 78 
 
 San Francisco to 
 
 KrtUsaaCity 
 
 (Kaunas) 
 
 
 Lafayette 
 
 (Louisiana) 
 
 Las Vegas Hot 
 Springs 
 (New Mexico) 
 
 Leavenworth 
 
 (Kansas) 
 
 New Orleans 
 
 (Louisiana) 
 
 Ogden 
 Omaha 
 
 (Utah) 
 (Iowa) 
 
 I'ortlaud 
 
 (Oregon) 
 
 Tueblo 
 
 (Colorado) 
 
 Sacramento 
 
 (California) 
 San Antonio 
 
 (Texas) 
 San Diego 
 
 (California) 
 
 Santa Fo 
 
 (New Mexico) 
 
 Mis 
 
 2115 
 
 2351 
 1335 
 
 2105 
 
 2495 
 
 895 
 1842 
 
 661 
 1638 
 
 37 
 1918 
 603 
 
 1282 
 
 303 
 
 Mode of Conveyance. 
 
 By Southern Pacific Railway, to 
 Mojave, thence Atlantic ' and 
 Pacific Railway, to Albuquerque, 
 and via Atchison, Topeka, and 
 Santa F6 Railway 
 
 By Southern Pacific and Galveston, 
 Harrisburg and San Antonio Rail- 
 way 
 
 By Southern Pacific Railway, to 
 Mojave, thence Atlantic and 
 Pacific Railway, to Albu()nerque, 
 and via AtchisoTi, Topeka, and 
 Santa V6 Rail wa y 
 
 By Southern Pacific Railway, to 
 Mojave, thence Atlantic and 
 Pacific Railway, to Albutiuenjue, 
 and vd Atchison, Topeka, and 
 Santa Fe Railway , 
 
 By Southern Pacific and Galveston, 
 Harrisburg and San Antonio Rail- 
 way, thence by Morgan's Louisana 
 and Texas Railway 
 
 By Central Pacific Railway 
 
 By Central Pacific to Ogden, thence by 
 Omaha and Denver Short Line of 
 Union Pacific Railway 
 
 By Steamer sailing from Spear-street 
 Wharf, every fifth day in winter — 
 every fourth day in summer 
 
 By Central Pacific, Union Pacific, and 
 Denver and Rio Grande Railway... 
 
 By Southern Pacific Railway 
 
 By Pacific Express of Southern Paci- 
 fic Railway 
 
 By Southern Pacific Railway, to Coi- 
 ton, thence by California Southern 
 Railway 
 
 By Southern Pacific Railway, to 
 Mojave, thence Atlantic and 
 Pacific Railway, to Albuquerque, 
 and vid Atchison, Topeka, and 
 Santa F^ Railway 
 
 Time. 
 
 D. H. 
 
 3 11 
 
 4 — 
 
 Fare. 
 
 Dl. cts. 
 
 90 
 
 3 9 
 
 72 55 
 
 90 — 
 
 4 20 
 
 1 17 
 
 2 20i 
 
 About 
 2 6 
 
 2 13 
 
 - 2J 
 4 3 
 
 1 16 
 
 2 — 
 
 •20 
 
 78 
 
 32 
 
 09 7 
 
,!, I 
 
 !.. /"i \ 
 
 ; 
 
 < f( 
 
 .'h 
 
 San Francisco to 
 
 St. Louis 
 
 (Missouri) 
 
 Topeka 
 
 (Kansas) 
 
 Mis. 
 
 2392 
 
 2040 
 
 304 
 
 Mode of Conveyance. 
 
 By Southern Pacific Railway, to 
 Mojave, thence vid Albuquerque 
 and Kansas City 
 
 By Southern Pacific Railway, to 
 Mojave, Atlantic and Pacific Rail- 
 way, to Albuquerque, and vid At- 
 chison, Topeka, and Santa Fd Rail- 
 
 way 
 
 ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• 
 
 Time. Fare. 
 
 D. R. Dl.cts. 
 4 — 05 — 
 
 3 5 
 
 Including meals and berths. 
 
 AV 
 
 VICTORIA, B. C. 
 
 90 — 
 
 ^h:i t 
 
Time. 
 
 Fare. 
 
 D. H. 
 
 Dl.cts. 
 
 4 — 
 
 05 - 
 
 3 5 
 
 90 — 
 
 Apollinarts 
 
 "THE QUEEN OF TABLE WATERS 
 
 )» 
 
 HAS RECEIVED THE 
 
 yi> Mir 
 
 LOJ^DOM, 1884, 
 
 A-ISTD IS STJI»I»IiIE 3D TJ IT 3D E K, 
 
 ROYAL WARRANT 
 
 TO 
 
 H.R.H. THE PRINCE OF WALES. 
 
 ^^^l^^^> (i 
 
 Obtainable at all first-elass Hotels throughout 
 
 the United States, and of all Grocers, 
 
 Druggists, and Mineral Water Dealers. 
 
 -**- 
 
 BEWARE OF IMITATIONS ! 
 
 L 
 
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 K^ I ' 
 
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 ; 1,^ 
 
 [''kill 
 
 f tin, 
 !f,,ii|jr , 
 
 'if'" 
 
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 >fc ■.■ 
 
 rSV..i*a*5> ..^t:- 
 
 wiiisi 
 
 OTll, 
 
 FIFTH AVENUE, 46th & 47tli STREETS, 
 
 K^W YOKK. 
 
 Situated in the most fashionable and central 
 
 part of tlie Town. 
 
 Near the GRAND CENTRAL DEPOT and half a mile 
 
 from CENTRAL PARK. 
 
 »-^ 
 
 THIS WILL BE FOUND 
 
 FOR EVERY LUXURY, COMFORT, AND MANAGE- 
 MENT IN ALL ITS DETAILS. 
 
 HAWK AND WETHERBEE, 
 
 Proprietort, 
 
DSTE'^W ITOTtl^, 
 
 .. •■V-^ -N-^ -^ > 
 
 BREVOORT HOUSE, 
 
 Fifth Avenue, near Washington Square. 
 
 A quiet Hotel of enviable reputation for its superior cuisine. 
 
 Home comforts. 
 
 0. B. LIBBEY, Proprietor. 
 
 L 2 
 
Ill 
 
 f 
 
 i'*' » iff ■»' w 
 
 IP ! 
 
 i; ;•' 
 
 ;l 
 
 , a 
 
 ^il^fif ' 
 
 V ! ' ;;g 
 
 > :■ 
 
 The SANATORIUM, 
 
 DANSVILL'E, New York. 
 
 f, 
 
 This is an Establishment intended for the Scientific Treat- 
 ment of Chronic Difficulties, and as a pleasant resort for 
 recuperation and rest. It is the largest and most widely 
 known Institution of the kind in America. 
 
 The SANATORIUM consists of a main buildiiif; and nine cottoi^es, all situate in the 
 midst of a pleasant woodland park of forty acres, located on the eastern mountain slope, 
 two hundred feet above the village of Dansville, and twelve hundred feet above the 
 level of the sea. It is under the personal care and management of thoroughly educated 
 physicians, all graduates of tlic best regular schools in America, some of them having 
 spent several years of additional study in the hospitals of London, Paris, Berlin ana 
 Vienna. 
 
 For beauty of scenery, healthfulness of climate, purity of air and water, the Insti- 
 tution has no equal in our country. Malaria it, utterly unknown. The main building, three 
 hundred feet long and five storeys high, of brick and iron construction, is abtoluteljf fire- 
 
 troof. It is heated throughout by steam. No expense has been spared to render it perfect 
 
 n the minutest sanitary details. 
 
 The plan of treatment is conservative, and includes a proper r<f gulation of the daily life 
 of each patient. The dietary is varied and well prepared. Abundant opportunities for 
 recreation— indoors as well as out— are afforded where defirable, and entire freedom 
 from the taxations of fashionable life is not the least of the a^ivantages secured. A large 
 corps of thoroughly skilled attendants minister to every want. 
 
 In its completeness of therapeutic appointments and appliances, the Sanatorium 
 stands without a rival in America. It represents an expenditure of over a quarter of a 
 million of dollars. Every form of bath and therapeutic appliance of any value is 
 employed, including the Molifere Thermo-Electric, Turkish, Roman, Russian, Thermo- 
 Electrlc, Massage, Electric-Massagre, Br. Taylor's Swedish Movements, and every form of 
 electricity. 
 
 Treatment of nervou$ diaeaae$, a tpeeiality. Physicians sending patients to the 
 Institution are cordially invited to keep in correspondence and consultation with the 
 Faculty. Dansville is easily reached from New York City toitkout change of tart. 
 
 For further particulars address— 
 
 Drs. JACKSON & LEFFINGWELL, 
 
 DANSVILLE, New York. 
 
JM, 
 
 K. 
 
 biflc Treat- 
 resort for 
 jst widely 
 
 1 Hituate in the 
 nountain slope, 
 feet above the 
 iighly educated 
 if them having 
 ris, Berlin una 
 
 ater, the Insti- 
 buildingr, three 
 abiotuteljf fire- 
 mder it perfect 
 
 of the daily life 
 portunities for 
 entire freedom 
 ;ured. A lar^e 
 
 [le Sanatorium 
 a quarter of a 
 !" any value is 
 isian, Thermo- 
 every form of 
 
 itients to th« 
 ition with the 
 cars. 
 
 L, 
 
 York. 
 
 
 SPECIAL LOW RATES FOR FAMILIES 
 
 AND PRICES TO SUIT THE TIMES ! 
 AT ANY OP THE FOLLOWING FIRST CLASS HOUSES. 
 
 ^r 3ENP FOR INFORMATION. 
 
 iongrcss fall, iaratoga Springs, N.I. 
 
 Was opened on June 10th, 
 
 At'.^- f ^ '»riod of some ton years, this wil l-lcnowu estaLHsliineiit again 
 comes under the management of Mr. 11. H. iSouTHGATE, wliopronii.ses 
 to conduct it as first-class in every respect. The most experienced and 
 skilful assistants have been engaged for every department, and guests 
 will find everything to their satisfaction. 
 
 CLEMENT, COX & SOUTHGATE. 
 
 Long Beach Hotel, Long Beach, L.L 
 
 Forty-five minutes from New York by the Long Island U.K. 
 Thoroughly select and first-class family resort. Theodore Thomas's 
 Orchestra. Finest Beach, safest bathing. The children's paradise, 
 no malaria, no hay fever. For the first time, commutation tickets. 
 Special inducement. 150 Rooms at 3-1.00 per week. 
 
 SOUTHGATE & HAMMOND, 
 
 i^jm^^.. 
 
 I 
 
 PARK AVENUE, 40th and 41fet STREETS, NEW YORK. 
 
 One block from the Grand Central Depot. Most modern in its con- 
 struction, sanitary and ventilating arrangements perfect. Fire-proof. 
 Conducted on both American and Euro^Kjan plans. Persons arriving 
 at Grand Central Depot will hold their baggage checks until arriving 
 at the hotel office, where the I'egular porters will take them and 
 deliver in room, free of charge, thus saving the cost and worry of 
 transportation. 
 
 HUNTING & HAMMOND. 
 
ir-' 
 
 :V - jf i 'I 
 
 i i 
 
 t .'. ,4, i ^ J 
 
 I; 
 
 .1 ' '■ - -ri 
 
 COOK'S EXCURSIONS, 
 
 TOURS AND GENERAL TRAVELLING ARRANGEMENT. 
 
 THOS. COOK & SON, 
 
 Pioneers, Inaugurators and Promoters of the principal systems of tonrs, 
 established in 1841 in Great Britain and Ireland, on the Continent of Europe, 
 and in the United States and Canada. 
 
 Passages to the I'nitecl States and Canada are secured by Tiios. Cook & Son 
 for all the chief lines of Steamers. 
 
 Single, Return, and Circular Tickets issued to all parts of the United States 
 and Canada. 
 
 THOS. COOK & SON'S system embraces all the leading Railway and 
 
 Steamboat lines on the American Continent. 
 
 Further I'articulars see Special Programme, which may be obtained at any of 
 their Offices. 
 
 Conducted Parties at frequent intervals to the Eastern and Western States, 
 including Niagara, the Yellowstone Park, California, etc., also Mexico and the 
 Southern Cities. 
 
 For Programmes, Sailing Bills, Tickets and all information, apply to any of 
 the Offices of 
 
 THOS. COOK & SON. 
 CHIEF OFFICE— Ludgate Circus London. 
 
 BRANCH OFFICES IN LONDON: 
 
 City Office /Corner of Leadenhall and 
 
 1 Gracechiiroh Streets 
 
 West End Offices 
 
 (■35, Piecadill; 
 
 J Lan^ham H 
 
 •"1 Hotel Metro 
 
 LMr. Wni. Wl 
 
 cadilly 
 "'otel 
 opole 
 Whiteley's 
 
 Strand Office 445, West Strand 
 
 Holborn First Avenue Hotel 
 
 Euston Bd. Office ...Frontof St. PanerasSta. 
 Crystal Palace TouristCourt 
 
 CHIEF AMEB 
 NEW YORK- 
 
 Boston 197, WaBhinff ton Street 
 
 Chicago— 106, Dearborn Stre«t, Corner Wash- 
 
 itif^on Street 
 Jacksonville (Fla.) 09, West Bay Street, and 
 St. Jamr '' Hotel 
 
 Washington 1351, Pennaylvania Avenue 
 
 Philadelphia 337, Walnut Street 
 
 St. Louis 519, Pine Street 
 
 Pittsburgh— Corner Fourth Avenue & Smith- 
 field Street 
 
 Cleveland 214, Bank Street 
 
 Ottawa 42, Sparks Street 
 
 New Haven 87. Orange Street 
 
 Denver 428, Larimer Street 
 
 Montreal 148, 6t. Jamer*' 8li-ct 
 
 PBOVINCIAL AND FOREIGN 
 OFFICES: 
 
 Manchester 61, Market Street 
 
 Liverpool 11, Ranehigh Street 
 
 Birmingham Stephenson Place 
 
 Walsall Post Office Buildings, The Bridjfe 
 
 Wolverhampton 27, Queen Street 
 
 Leeds 1, Royal Exchange 
 
 Bradford 8, Exchange, Market Street 
 
 Sheffield Change Alley Comer 
 
 Nottirgham 16, Clumber Street 
 
 Leicester 7, Gallowtree Gate 
 
 Dublin 48, Dame Street 
 
 Belfast 27, Roj'al Avenue 
 
 Edinburgh 9, Princes Street 
 
 Q-lasgow IflS, Buchanan Street 
 
 Oban The Esplanade 
 
 ICAN OFFICE: 
 -261, Broadway. 
 
 Quebec 32, St. Louis Street 
 
 Toronto 36, Yonge Street 
 
 Hamilton (Ont.) 11, James Street 
 
 Halifax 120, HoUis Street 
 
 Niagara Falls Clltton House 
 
 London (Ont.) 3, Masonic Temple 
 
 Kingston (Ont.)— Johnston & Ontario Streets 
 St. Catherine's (Ont.)— 12 & it, St. Paul Street 
 
 Baltimore 87. Second Street 
 
 Detroit 67 and 09, Oriswold Street 
 
 St. John, N.B 97, Prince William Street 
 
 Falatka ( Fla.)— Corner Lemon & Front Streets 
 
 Orlando (Fla.) Opposite Charleston Hotel 
 
 San Franoiseo 32, Montgomery Street 
 
 Mexi o,City-la,Calle de San Fraicisco, No. \i 
 
INS, 
 
 NGEMENT. 
 
 stems of tours, 
 lent of Europe, 
 
 us. Cook & Son 
 
 he United States 
 
 f Railway and 
 
 itained at any of 
 
 Western States, 
 Mexico and the 
 
 apply to any of 
 
 ndon. 
 
 rD FOREIGN 
 S: 
 
 01, Market street 
 
 .11, Ranelagh Street 
 
 .Stephenson Place 
 
 lildings, The Brid>?e 
 
 27, Queen Street 
 
 1, Royal Exchange 
 
 linge. Market Street 
 
 hange Alley Comer 
 
 16, Clumber Street 
 
 7, Gallowtree Gate 
 
 ...43, Dame Street 
 
 .27, Roj'al Avenue 
 
 ..9, Princes Street 
 
 (5, iiuchanan Street 
 
 ...The Esplanade 
 
 E: 
 
 I, St. Louis Street 
 ..36, Yonge Street 
 ..11, James Street 
 120, HoUis Street 
 Clitton House 
 
 », Masonic Temple 
 & Ontario Street.-* 
 
 II, St. Paul Street 
 .87. Second Street 
 
 », Grlswold Street 
 ce William Street 
 on & Front Streets 
 Chorlenton Hotel 
 lor.tgomery Street 
 iiFr.tncisco,Na. li 
 
 WHITE STAR LINE. 
 
 ROYAL AND UNITED STATES MAIL STEAMERS. 
 
 LIVERPOOL TO NEW YORK, 
 
 EVERY THURSDAY, 
 
 From QUEENSTOAA/^N the following day. 
 
 Forwarding Passengers to all parts of the United States and 
 
 Canada. These well-known magnificent Steamers are appointed 
 
 to sail from Liverpool as under with Her Majesty's Mails : — 
 
 GERMANIC ... 
 
 ♦ADRIATIC ... 
 
 BRITANNIC... 
 
 REPUBLIC ... 
 
 Capt. Kennbdy. 
 5, Parsell. 
 ,, Perry. 
 ,, Irving. 
 
 Intermediate Passengers will be carried on voyage marked thus,* 
 
 Fare, £7. 
 
 Each Vessel constructed in seven water-tight compartments. 
 
 Average Passage 8^ days in oummer, 9^ days in Winter. These 
 
 splendid Vessels combine the highest speed and comfort, and 
 
 are unsurpassed in their accommodation for Passengers. 
 
 SALOON PASSAGE, £12, £15, £18, and £22. 
 
 Steerage Fare, £3. 
 
 For Freight and Passage apply at the Company's OflBces, 34, 
 Leadenhall Street, London, E.C.; and 57, Broadway, New 
 York ; in Paris, to H. Genestal & Delzons, 3, Rue Scribe ; in 
 Queenstown, to James Scott & Co. ; or to 
 
 ISMAY, IMRIE & CO., 10, Water Street, Liverpool. 
 
fit " ' 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 m 
 
 is I? 
 
 1; ' 
 
 nl 
 
 
 
 ; V 
 
 \ 
 
 ^|k 
 
 -■ti 
 
 L 
 
 NORTH GERMAN LLOYD STEAMSHIP CO, 
 
 Carrying the German and United States Mails. 
 THIS COMPANY ARE THEIR OWN INSURERS. 
 
 The followlfiff magnificent Steamers — 
 
 Slbe, "Werra, Fulda, If eckar, Oder, Donau, Main, Bhein, 
 
 Veser, Hermann, America, Strassburg, Eoln, Hannover 
 
 Frankfurt, General "Werder, Graf Bismarck, Kronprinz 
 
 Friedrich Wilhelm, Habsburg, Salier, Hohenstaufen, 
 
 Hohenzollern, Nurnberg, Braunschweig, Leipzig, 
 
 Ohio, Berlin, Baltimore, 
 
 Are appointed to Sail between 
 
 I. BREMEN AND NEW YORK, 
 
 Calling at Southampton out and home. From Bremen every Sunday 
 and Wednesday, from Southampton the following Tuesday and 
 Thursday, from New York every Saturday and Wednesday.* 
 
 From New York to 
 
 To New York from 
 
 Fares Bremen, Southampton, Havre, Paris 
 
 Ist Cabin : 600 Mks. £23 F. 600 F. m5 
 
 2nd „ 800 Mks. ^13 F.870F. 880 
 
 Bremen, Southampton, London, Havre. 
 
 100 dols. 
 CO duls. 
 
 Seturn Tickets at reduced rates, 
 
 II. BREMEN AND BALTIMORE. 
 
 From Bremen Wednesday weekly, from Baltimore Thursday weekly 
 
 To Baltimore from 
 Bremen, 400 Mks. 
 
 From Baltimore to 
 Bremen, 00 dols. 
 
 Cabin Fares. 
 
 III. BREMEN AND NEW ORLEANS, 
 
 Calling at Havre and Havana, once a month from September 
 
 until May. 
 
 To Havana and New Orleans from 
 Cabin J Bremen, Southampton, Havre, Paris 
 Fares J 630 Mks. £81108. F. 770 F.7S> 
 
 From Havana and New Orleans to 
 
 Bremen, Southampton, Havre, Paris. 
 
 150 dols. 
 
 IV. BREMEN AND BRAZILS 
 
 (BAHIA, RIO, and SANTOS), 
 
 Calling at Antwerp and Lisbon. Departure from Bremen 2oth, 
 
 from Antwerp 29th, from Lisbon 4tli of each month. 
 
 V. BREMEN AND RIVER PLATE 
 
 (MONTEVIDEO and BUENOS AYRES), 
 
 Calling at Antwerp and Bordeaux. Departure from Bremen 10th, 
 
 from Antwerp 14th, from Bordeaux 19th of each month. 
 
 AGENTS IN liONDON- 
 
 Kbllbb, Walus & PosTtBTHWAiTB, 5 & 7, Fcnchurch Street, E.G. 
 Fhilliffs & Gbaves, St. Dunstan's House, Idol Lane, E,C. 
 
 Agents in Southampton Kbllbb, Wallis k PosiLSTHWAiiE. 
 
 Paris and Havre ... Lherbette, Kaite «& Co. 
 
 New York Oelbichs & Co., No. 2, Bowling Green. 
 
 Baltimore A. Schvmachbr & Co. , , 
 
 New Orleans Ed. F. Stockmetbb & Co, 
 
 Havana H. Upmank & Co. 
 
 Antwerp B. db Yleeshouvbb. 
 
 Bordeaux Chableb Kobhlbb. 
 
 Lisbon R. Kkowlbs & Co. 
 
 ** 
 
 %% 
 n 
 
 ti 
 II 
 
 • The Express Steamers "Elbe," '* Werra," and "Fulda," unsurpassed 
 in speed and elegance, leave Bremen on Wednesdays, Southampton 
 Thursdays, and New York on Wednesdays. 
 
[P CO, 
 
 fRERS. 
 
 } Rhein, 
 Lannover 
 onprinz 
 auien. 
 
 'ry Sunday 
 
 lesday and 
 
 isday.* 
 
 to 
 
 idon, Havre. 
 
 (< 
 
 NIAGARA FALLS." 
 
 ay weekly 
 n Fares. 
 
 NS, 
 
 tember 
 
 rieans to 
 vre, Paris. 
 
 MEN 2otb, 
 
 MEN lOtL, 
 
 nth. 
 
 B.C. 
 
 :WAIiE. 
 
 ng Green. 
 
 THE I3JLXi.A-OE! 
 
 STEAMER "CHICORA" 
 
 Runs daily between Lewiston, at the head of navigation on the 
 Niagara River, and Toronto, the " Queen City " of Canada. 
 
 The shortest and pleasantest route between Niagara Falls, 
 Toronto and River St. Lawrence, and the only one giving the 
 tourista view of the WHIRLPOOL RAPIDS, BROCK'S MONUMENT 
 QUEENSTON HEIGHTS, and the beautiful scenery of the pic 
 turesque NIAGARA RIVER, with a delightful sail of 40 miles 
 across LAKE ONTARIO. For tickets, etc., apply at Niagara 
 Fii.,^ to any agent of the New York Central or Grand 
 Trunk Railways, and at Toronto to Barlow Cumberland, 35 , 
 Yonge Street. 
 
 JOHN FOY, Manager, Toronto. 
 
 THE BRANDON MANUFACTURING COMPANY 
 
 OP TORONTO (LIMITED), 
 
 MANUFACTURERS OF 
 
 WOODEN GOODS. 
 
 The World Washboard. 
 Express Waggons. 
 Croquet Sets. 
 Combu^^tion Mops. * 
 Broom aniles, etc., etc. 
 
 The Improved Union Churn. 
 Clothes Horses. 
 Step Ladders. 
 Children's Sleighs. 
 Snow Shovels, etc., etc. 
 
 WRITE FOB PRICES— 
 
 Works and Officd: 
 
 lurpassed 
 hampton 
 
 CENTRAL PRISON, TORONTO- 
 
r^< ii ii ' ' 
 
 ' i l\i 
 
 if f 
 
 MONARCH 
 PARLOR SLEEPING CARGO. 
 
 Has exclusive control of the Patents embracing the novel design 
 of combining, in one car, Elegant Revolving Chairs for Day Use 
 and Comfortable Spring Beds for Night Use. 
 
 These Cars, the most comfortable and luxurious coaches 
 ever offered for public use, are now running on Express Trains, 
 t*.rf follows : 
 
 New England and Canada Dlylslon. 
 Springfield, Mass., and ( Connecticut River R. R. 
 Newport, Vt. ^ Passumpsic R. R. 
 
 Springfield, Mass., and ( Connecticut River R. R. 
 Sherbrooke, Can. ^ Passumpsic R. R. 
 
 cj^. o ,, Trr„„„ ;: C Connecticut River R. R. 
 
 Springfield, Mass., ana V ., .„m„mip r p 
 
 Quebec, Can. i ^^mpsic H. K. 
 
 ^ ' (. » , oec Central Ry. 
 
 Southern and Florida Diylsion. 
 
 Montgomery, Ala., and ( Louisville & Nashville R. R. 
 Jacksonville, Fla. ^ Florida Ry. & Navigation Co. 
 
 Jacksonville, Fla., and ( Florida Ry. & Navigation Co. 
 Orlando, Fla. ( Tavares, Orlardo & Atl, R. R. 
 
 Jacksonville, Fla., and 7,:,, ., t, oxt • i.* r. 
 Cedar Key, Fla. j ^^^^'^^ %• & Navigation Co. 
 
 New Orleans, La., and ( Louisville & Nashville R. R. 
 Jacksonville, Fla. ([. Florida Ry. & Navigation Co 
 
 Western Division. 
 
 Indianapolis, Ind., and ( Vandalia Line. 
 
 Evansville, Ind. ij. Evansville & Ter. H'te R. R. 
 
 «. . ,. -o,,. , f Cin., Ind'polis, St. L. & Chic. 
 
 Cincmnati Ohio, and S yj^^^^ i^^] |-r. r. 
 
 Evansville, Ind. ^ Evansville, & Ter. H'te R. R. 
 
 rERSONAllY CONDUCTED EXCUR8M8 (all traTelling expenses included), in Special 
 "Monarch" Cars, will leave CHICAGO for NEW ORLEANS and FLORIDA, as foUovs: 
 
 On and after Thursday, January 7th, every alternate Thursday; 
 and on and after Monday, January 11th, every alternate Monday. 
 
 Special ** Monarch" Care are offered for charter fo private parties for ani/ 
 
 period, at reasonable prices. 
 
 All ' ' Monarch " Cars are furnished with ' ' Well-Stocked Buffets. " 
 Address all commtinications to 
 
 MONARCH PARLOR SLEEPING CAR CO., 
 A. F. HIGGS, President. 91, Broadway, New York. 
 
 GeDeral Western Agency, 129, Randolph St. (under Sherman house), Chicago, ID. 
 
IRCO. 
 
 ) novel design 
 for Day Use 
 
 rilous coachea 
 cpress Trains, 
 
 on. 
 
 R. R. 
 
 i« XVf 
 I. K. 
 
 le R. R. 
 Ration Co. 
 
 Ration Co. 
 Atl, R. R. 
 
 ation Co. 
 
 le R. R. 
 
 tion Co 
 
 e R. R. 
 
 & Chic. 
 
 lR. R. 
 
 te R. R. 
 
 Jed), in Special 
 M, as follows : 
 
 Thursday; 
 e Monday. 
 
 frties for any 
 
 uffets." 
 
 CO., 
 
 ew York. 
 
 /hictgo, Ifl. 
 
 WORLD TRAVEL COMPANY. 
 
 Organized under the Laws of the State of New Jersey, 
 
 ■ 
 
 
 AUTHORISED CAPITAL, $250,000. 
 
 BOARD OF DIRECTORS: 
 
 Hon. HENRY S. HYDE, of Sprinerfield, Mass., President of Agawam 
 National Bank, and Treasurer of Wasson Car Manufacturing Co. 
 
 CHAS. A. NICHOLS, of Springfield, Mass., Tublisher. 
 
 R. H. SOUTHGATE, of New York, Proprietor Hotel Brunswick. 
 
 AUGUSTUS F. HIGGS, of New York, President of Monarch Parlor 
 Sleeping Car Co. 
 
 T). N. COATS, of New York. 
 
 OFFICERS: 
 
 A. F. HIGGS, President. D. N. COATS, Treasurer. 
 
 Dr. W. F. HUTC HINSON, Medical Director. 
 
 GENERAL OFFICES : 71, BROADWAY, NEW YORK; 
 
 OFFICES: 
 NEW YORK— 201, Broadway, corner Fulton Street. 
 BOSTON— 3, School Street; also Parker House. 
 MONTREAL— 136, St. James Street. 
 QUEBEC— 4, Fabrique Street. 
 PHILADELPHIA -1407^, Chestnut Street. 
 SAVANNAH— Corner Bull and Bryan Streets. 
 NEW ORLEANS— 19, Camp Street. 
 JACKSONVILLE, FLA.— Comer Bay and Ocean Streets. 
 
 And Branch Agencies at all Important Points in the United States and Canada. 
 
 EUROPEAN HEAD OFFICES: 
 
 LONDON — 447, Strand, American Exchange in Europe 
 
 (Limited). 
 PARIS — 35, Boulevard des Capucines, American Exchange 
 
 in Paris (Limited) . 
 
 GENERAL WESTERN AGENCY: 
 
 CHICAGO, ILL— 129, Randolph Street, under Sherman House. 
 
 M. S. FOOTE, General Western Agent. 
 
 Providers of TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES by Railway, Steam- 
 boat, and Steamship, to all points in the 
 
 United States, Canada, Mexico, Cuba, West Indies, South American Countries, Europe, 
 
 And the EAST, anl all other parts of the Globe. 
 
 Organizers and Promoters of Private Escorted Parties, 
 
 To all Sections and Points of Interest in America and Europe, providing for 
 all Necessaries of Travel, and all Expenses paid. 
 
 SPECIAL FASSENGEB AGENTS of Popular Railroad and Steamer 
 Lines, and of the MONAKGH PARLOR SLEEPING CAR CO., with 
 
 authority to Chirtsr Cars f )r Private Parties. 
 
THE 
 
 1 1 1 
 
 i*.r 
 
 Hf 
 
 > I 
 
 Is an institution which it is safe either to commend or 
 to insure with. It is one of the old, purely mutuals, 
 and has grown with the growth of life insurance in 
 this country, in which it has been a conspicuous figure. 
 In popularizing the system, and in adjusting the 
 equities of policy-holders, it has, perhaps, done more 
 than any other company. 
 
 Its management has been ^Ustinguished by 
 great energy and prudence, 
 
 and by a high sense of the responsibilities of so great 
 and sacred a trust. The last Report of the Insurance 
 Superintendent commends it as 
 
 "Deserving of the greatest praise." 
 
 It is now one of the largest, as well as one of most 
 rapidly-growing, companies in the world. Its system 
 C-' nolicies includes all the approved forms, including 
 ordinary Life, Endowment, Tontine, and Annuity 
 Policies, and its experience and patronage are so large 
 as to afFord safe averages and desirable results. It has 
 recently applied the non-forfeiture principle, intro- 
 duced in I860, to its Tontine Policies, rendering them 
 at once a desirable investment and a safe form of 
 assurance. In short, >. 
 
 THE NEW YORK LIFE oflFers a variety 
 
 of advantages, 
 
 and a combination of strong points which only age, 
 success, a large business, approved methods, and skil- 
 ful management can afford. 
 
nmend or 
 mutuals, 
 irance in 
 us fignre. 
 Jting the 
 one more 
 
 ed by 
 
 so great 
 nsurance 
 
 of most 
 system 
 icluding 
 Annuity 
 so large 
 It has 
 , intro- 
 g them 
 "orm of 
 
 iety 
 
 ly age, 
 id skil. 
 
 
 Has paid to Claimants over $10,000,000, and is 
 steadily paying thenn $4,000 a Day. 
 
 Paid over 120,000 Claims or over ONE IN NINE of 
 
 all Insured. 
 
 THE 
 
 FIRST STOPPING-PLACE 
 
 For Tourists and Travellers should be the HOME 
 OFFICE or an AGENCY of 
 
 THE TRAVELLERS. OF HARTFORD, 
 
 Principal Accident Company of America. 
 Largest in the World. 
 
 ITS ACCIDENT POLICIES 
 
 Indemnify the Business or Professional Man or Farmer for his 
 Profits, the Wage-Workers for his Wages, lost from Accidental 
 Injury, and guarantee principal Sum in case of Death. No 
 Medical Examination required. Permits for Foreign Travel 
 and Residence /ree to holders of Yearly Accidental Policies. 
 
 Ratea as low as will Fermanently Secure Full Payment of 
 Face Value of Policies. Only $5.00 a yoar to Professional or 
 Business Men, for each $1,000 with $5.00 weekly idemnity. 
 
 Issues also Life Policies of every desirable form, at lowest 
 cash rates, with equitable non-forfeiting contract. 
 
 FULL PAYMENT IS SECURED BY 
 
 ^7,691,000 Assets, $1,932,000 Surplus. 
 
 Not left to the chances of an Empty Treasury and 
 Assessments on the Survivors. 
 
 AQENCIES AT ALL IMFOBTANT POINTS IN UNITED 8TATE3 
 
 AND CANADA. 
 
 James G. Battebson, President. Rodney Dennis, Secretary. 
 John E. Mobbis, Asst. Secretary. 
 
ESTABLISHED 40 YEARS. 
 
 G. R. RENFREW & CO., 
 
 QX7X2BX2C. 
 
 Will offer during the travelling Season their large and valuable 
 
 Stock of 
 
 FURS, 
 
 at unusually low prices. 
 
 I 'V 
 
 Ladies' Real Sealskin and Ermine SacqUes, 
 
 SETTS, HATS, GAUNTLETS, etc. 
 
 r .^^ ^ ,^^ ^ ^ ^ • ^ ^ ^jT ^ j^ . 
 
 Hudson Bay & Russian Sables, Gentlemen's 
 
 Sealskin Coats, Caps, Gauntlets, Cigar Cases 
 
 and Purses, Sleigh Robes & Carriage 
 
 Rugs, Indian Work, Snowshoes, 
 
 Moccasins, &c., Moose and 
 
 Cariboo Heads and 
 
 Antlers. 
 
 Orders hy mail promptly attended to. 
 
 35, BUADE STREET, 
 
 Opposite the French Cathedpal, QUEBEC. 
 
>. 
 
 CO., 
 
 lid valuable 
 
 acques, 
 
 lemen's 
 ' Cases 
 ige 
 
 ET, 
 
 EC. 
 
 HEIDSIECK & CO. 
 
 (ESTABLISHED 1785). 
 
 REIMS. 
 
 MONOPOLE, DRY MONOPOLE. 
 
 CHAMPAGNE, 
 
 POMMERT & GEENO. 
 
 I?/E3I^^S. 
 
DICTIONARY 
 
 OF 
 
 Mineral Waters, Sea Baths, Climatic Air Stations, 
 Hydropathic EstablishmentSf etc. 
 
 OPINIONS OF THE PRESS. 
 
 " An excellent little work. A complete epitome of balneology, 
 with exactly the ivforriiation the invalid and tourist require. 
 It can be thoroughly recomme7ided as a trustivorthy and con- 
 venient Guide." — The British Mcdici,l Journal, October 27th, 
 1883. 
 
 i 
 
 " An admirably complete guide book. ' — The Graphic, October 
 27th, 1883. 
 
 " For scope of subject it has no English rival. There is a 
 cure'''for every ill that flesh is heir to. The present volume 
 extending the 3ope and abbreviating the treatment and add.'ig 
 an enormous number of localities will he most useful to Provincial 
 medical men, who are anxious to keep au courant with the latest 
 Continental ideas of bath treatment. But it will he of great 
 a^ssistance to invalids and travellers. The seeker for information 
 will find therein sufficient indications on the most important 
 points."— r/ie Field, October 27tb, 1883. 
 
 PRICE 2s. 6d. AT ALL BOOKSELLERS. 
 
 ■i i 
 
 LONDON: TRUBNER & CO. 
 NICE and PARIS: B. BRADSHAW & CO. 
 
»s 
 
 { 
 
 ir Stations, 
 tc. 
 
 =tESS. 
 
 e of balneology, 
 tourist require. 
 wrthy and con- 
 f, October 27th, 
 
 Iraphic, October 
 
 al. There is a 
 present volume 
 ent and add:"^g 
 iful to Provincial 
 \t with the latest 
 will he of great 
 for information 
 most important 
 
 ISELLERS. 
 
 CO. 
 [A'W & CO 
 
 DICKENS'S 
 
 Continental ABC 
 
 RAILWAY GUIDE FOR EUROPE. 
 
 OPINIONS OP THE PRESS. 
 
 THE WORLD. 
 
 •' 'J. P. C* who knows what he is writinf? about, asks: 'Has the 
 travelling Briton been made sufficiently aware of the enormous vahie of 
 'Dickens's ABC Continental Guide,' and of the extraordir ry facilities.it 
 gives? I have now personally tested the accuracy and usciu'lness of this 
 most admiralde little book in Turkey, Egypt, Russia, Austria, Italy, 
 France, Germany, Greece, and our English possessions in the Mediter- 
 ranean, and it has never failed mo once. It has saved me hours of worry 
 in seeking local information on the spot, and endless mental tortvxre in 
 attempts (and failures) to work out the dizzy ])roi)lems presented by a 
 Continental ' Bradshaw' when you wish to pass rapidly through country 
 after country. Last year it enabled me to change my plans in five 
 minutes, when I found myself stranded in mid-winter at Odessa, and to 
 substitute a cosy railway ride to Vienna for a stormy passage on the Black 
 Sea ; and on the 10th of this June it saved me twenty-four hours baking at 
 Genoa, by showing that, by driving rapidly from my landing place to the 
 railway station, I could just catch the only train by which it was possible 
 to dine at Monte Carlo the same night. Loving foreign travel as I do, I 
 am always on the look-oat for aught to make it more enjoyable ; and this 
 ' Dickens's ABC has been the greatest boon I have yet met with. It 
 would be easy to multiply examples of its usefulness, but 1 have perhaps 
 said enough to make your travelling readers test its value for them- 
 selves.' "—June 28th, 1882. 
 
 SATURDAY REVIEW. 
 
 " Mr. Dickens's New Dictionary is justly described on its cover as 
 'An Easy Guide for Travellers.' The plan of the work is simi)le and 
 effective."— 3farcA 13th, 1880. 
 
 DAILY NEWS. 
 
 "Armed with this useful little volume, the traveller has no difficult^ 
 in making his way from any one of thirty-five important Continental 
 towns to any other spot." — March 3rd, 1880. 
 
 SPORTING AND DRAMATIC NEWS. 
 
 "I puzzled and suffered severely over my Continental 'Bradshaw,' 
 and got deeper and deeper into perplexity. I tried my ' Dickens,' almost 
 in despair, and at once found the particulars I wanted explained in the 
 most concise and unmistakeable manner." — August 2Sth, 1880. 
 
 PRICE ONE SHILLING. 
 
 MACMILLAN i CO., BEDFORD STREET, STRAND. 
 
 M 
 
Hr 't 
 
 /, 
 
 i I 
 
 w 
 
 ^J 
 
'•. t jr 
 
 ilil^'i 
 
 S-... 
 
 K 
 
 
 
 Hi* 
 
 *H 1 
 Ij' 1 
 
 
 ?' 
 
 
 
 U 
 
 ALLAN 
 
 JJ 
 
 LINE 
 
 ROYAL MAIL STEAMl-RS 
 
 TO 
 
 CANADA AND THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 TONS. 
 
 Numidian 6100 Building. 
 
 Parisian 5400 Capt. Wm. Richardson. 
 
 Sardinian 4650 Lieut. W. H. Smith, R.N.R. 
 
 Polynesian 4100 ..Capt, R. Brown. 
 
 Sarmatian 3600 Capt. J. Graham. 
 
 Circassian 4000 Capt. R. H. Hughes. 
 
 Peruvian 3400 Capt. J. Ritchie. 
 
 Nova Scotian 3300 Capt. Hugh Wylie. 
 
 Caspian 3200 Lieut. R. Barrett, R.N.R. 
 
 Hanoverian 4000 Lieut. B. Thomson, R.N.R. 
 
 Carthaginian 4600 Capt. A. MacNicol. 
 
 Siberian 4600 Capt. R. P.Moore. 
 
 Norwegian 3531 Capt. J. G. Stephen. 
 
 Hibernian 3440 Capt. Barclay. 
 
 Austrian 2700 Capt. J. Ambury. 
 
 Nestorian 2700 Capt. D. J. James. 
 
 Prussian 3000 Capt. Alex. McDougall. 
 
 Scandinavian 3000 Capt. John Park. 
 
 Buenos Ayre an ...3800 Capt. J. Scott. 
 
 Corean 4000 Capt. J. C. Menzies. 
 
 Grecian 3600 Capt. C. E. LeGallais. 
 
 Manitoban 3150 Capt. R. Carruthers. 
 
 Canadian 260C Capt. John Kerr. 
 
 Phoenician 2800 Capt. John Brown. 
 
 W^-aldensian 2600 Capt. W. Dalziel. 
 
 Lucerne 2200 Capt. W. S. Main. 
 
 NcTf I'oundland ...1500 Capt. C. Mylius. 
 
 Acadian 1350 Capt. F. McGrath. 
 
 FROM APRIL TO OCTOBER 
 
 STEAMERS OF THE LINE SAIL WEEKLY 
 
 FROM LIYEHPOOL TO QUEBEC AND MONTREAL 
 
 PROM LIVERPOOL TO HALIPAX 
 
 Steamers sail every Fortnight in Summer and Weeicly in Winter. 
 
 THE HALIFAX FORTNIGHTLY STEAMERS CALL AT QUEENSTOWN. 
 
 ALSO SAIL FROM GLASGOW TO QUF.BEG AND BOSTON EVERY WEEK 
 
 Carrying passengers to all parts' of America at lowest rates. 
 
 "ALLAN" LINE passengers get reduced fares to Glasgow and 
 Liverpool from the leading Railway Stations in England and Scotland. 
 
 For further particulars and handbills of sailings, apply to 
 
 JAMES SCOTT & CO., - ■ - - QUEENSTOWN. 
 
 TAo p ATT?Y ATTAxr^ ^t Eyre Square, 
 JAS. & ALEX. ALLAN, I y^,' ^^^^^ gj^YUE 
 
 ATT AM imnss R' rn ^ ^0, Foyle Street, - LONDONDEB 
 
 ALLAN imOS. & (0.,| ^j,^ j^^j^g Street, - LIVERPOOL. 
 
 GALWAY. 
 Street, GLASGOW. 
 
 LONDONDERRY. 
 
I 
 
 This Cosmopolitan HOTEL has been thoroughly 
 redecorated, and combines e\/ery modern improve- 
 ment and luxury. It accommodates more than 500 
 Guests.