IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)
1.0
LI
1.25
;siiM iiiM
■ m 11111 2.0
1.4
1.8
1.6
V}
<9
%^
/}.
c-:
e-A
'a.
(W
*a
O
yw
'W
-^
Photographic
Sciences
Corporation
23 WEST MAIN STREET
WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580
(716) 872-4503
i
%p.
CIHM/ICMH
Microfiche
Series.
CIHM/ICMH
Collection de
microfiches.
Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / institut canadien de microreproductions historiques
I
Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes techniques et bibliographiques
The Institute has attempted to obtain the best
original copy available for filming. Features of this
copy which may be bibliographically unique,
which may alter any of the images in the
reproduction, or which may significantly change
the usual method of filming, are checked below.
D
D
n
n
Coloured covers/
Couverture de couleur
I I Covers damaged/
Couverture endommagde
Covers restored and/or laminated/
Couverture restaur6e et/ou pellicul^e
I I Cover title missing/
D
Le titre de couverture manque
Coloured maps/
Cartes g6ographiques en couleur
□ Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/
Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire)
I I Coloured plates and/or illustrations/
Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur
Bound with other material/
Reli6 avec d'autres documents
Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion
along interior margin/
La reliure serr^e peut causer de I'ombre ou de la
distortion le long de la marge intdrieure
Blank leaves added during restoration may
appear within the text. Whenever possible, these
have been omitted from filming/
II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajout^es
lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte,
mais, lorsque cela dtait possible, ces pages n'ont
pas 6td filmdes.
Additional comments:/
Commentaires suppldmentaires;
T
t(
L'Instltut a microfilm^ le meilleur exemplaire
qu'il lui a 6t6 possible de se procurer. Les details
de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-dtre uniques du
point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier
une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une
modification dans la mdthode normale de filmage
sont indiquds ci-dessous.
I I Coloured pages/
Pages de couleur
Pages damaged/
Pages endommag6es
Pages restored and/oi
Pages restaurdes et/ou pellicul6es
I I Pages damaged/
I I Pages restored and/or laminated/
V
D
T
P
o
fi
G
b
tl
si
o
fi
si
o
Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/
Pages d6color6es, tachetdes ou piqu6es
I I Pages detached/
Pages d6tach6es
Showthrough/
Transparence
Quality of prir
Quality in^gale de I'impression
Includes supplementary materi{
Comprend du materiel supplementaire
Only edition available/
Seule Edition disponible
I I Quality of print varies/
I I Includes supplementary material/
I I Only edition available/
Tl
si
Tl
w
U
di
ei
b(
ri!
re
m
Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata
slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to
ensure the best possible image/
Les pages totalement ou partiellement
obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure,
etc., ont 6t6 filmdes d nouveau de fapon d
obtenir la meilleure image possible.
This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/
Ce document est filmd au taux de reduction indiqu6 ci-dessous.
10X 14X 18X 22X
26X
30X
jv/
12X
16X
20X
24X
28X
32X
The copy filmed here has been reproduced thanks
to the generosity of:
Ribliothdque nationale du Quebec
L'exemplaire fitm6 fut reproduit grdce d la
g6n6rositd de:
Bibliothdque nationale du Quebec
The images appearing here are the best quality
possible considering the condition and legibility
of the original copy and in keeping with the
filming contract specifications.
Las images suivantes ont 6t6 reproduites avec le
plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition et
de la nettetd de l'exemplaire filmd, et en
conformity avec les conditions du contrat de
fiimage.
Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed
beginning with the front cover and ending on
the last page with a printeo or illustrated impres-
sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All
other original copies are filmed beginning on the
first page with a printed or illustrated impres-
sion, and ending on the last page with a printed
or illustrated impression.
The last recorded frame on each microfiche
shall contain the symbol —^(meaning "CON-
TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"),
whichever applies.
Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en
papier est imprimde sont filmds en commenpant
par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la
dernidre page qui comporte une empreinte
d'impression ou d'illustration, soit par le second
plat, salon le cas. Tous les autres exemplaires
originaux sont film^s en commen^ant par la
premidre page qui comporte une empreinte
d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par
la dernidre page qui comporte une telle
empreinte.
Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la
dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le
cas: le symbole —^- signifie "A SUIVRE", le
symbole V signifie "FIN".
Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at
different reduction ratios. Those too large to be
entirely included in one exposure are filmed
beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to
right and top to bottom, as many frames as
required. The following diagrams illustrate the
method:
Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre
filmds d des taux de reduction diffdrents.
Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre
reproduit en un seul clichd, il est film6 d partir
de Tangle supdrieur gauche, de gauche d droite,
et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre
d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants
illustrent la mdthode.
12 3
1
2
3
4
5
6
TUB WfLLUGHBY SOCIETW
FORSTER'S
CATALOGUE OF THE ANIMALS OF
NORTH AMERICA,
OR
FA UNULA A ME RICA NA
^OSbO
EDITKI) ]',Y
PHILir LUTLFA^ SCLATKR, M.A., Ph.D., RR.S.
LO.VZfON.
1882
• « • ....
• I > « 1
• > • . . 1
• ■
* • I
III.
I • I
' 1 ' . I ' 1
40530
(Tambribgt :
PRINTED BY C. J, CLAY AND SON,
AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS.
* • • *
• • •
• • • •
• • • '
• • •
. •••
• • • •
< • • • •
• • •
PREFACE.
JOHANN Reinhold Forster, the well-known Natu-
ralist, was born at Dirschau in Prussia in 1729, and
came to England along with his son George Forster,
in order to accompany the circumnavigator Cook on
his second voyage.
During his residence in England, before the departure
of Cook's Expedition (which took place on the 9th of April,
1772), Forster translated and published an English edition
of Kalm's "Travels into North America," in the prefaces
to which (Vol. i. p. xv. and Vol. iii. p. vii.) will be found
allusions to a projected "American Fauna and Flora."
But the present list, as acknowledged by the author himself
in his preface, was planned and indeed commenced by
Pennant, who in his "Literary Life" (p. 14) writes, "In
"this year (1771) doctor Forster published a catalogue
"of the animals of North America. I had begun the
"work by a list of the quadrupeds, birds and fishes.
" Doctor Forster added all the rest ; and afterwards, in
" a new edition, favored the world with a most comprehen-
" sive Flora of that vast country, with a catalogue of
" insects, and the directions for preserving natural curiosities.
" My part in this work is of so little merit, that it need not
" be boasted of. I only lay claim to my proper right."
IV
rRKKACK.
The memoir thus projected by Pennant and completed
and pubh'shed by Forster is of much interest, as being one
of the earliest authorities on North American Zoology. It
is quoted by Forster himself in his paper on the Birds
of Hudson's Bay as his " Faunula Americana." This name
is, therefore, given as its second title.
The "Mr B." of the catalogue who, as mentioned in
Forster's Preface, formed a collection "in his voyage to
Newfoundland" is believed by Prof. Newton to be the
xMr Bolton, of Halifax, mentioned by Latham and Lewin,
and the Lancashire lady who possessed a "most select
and numerous Collection of American Animals" (Mus.
Bl.) to be Mrs Anna Blackburn, of Orford, near Warrington,
as referred to in Pennant's Arctic Zoology, Vol. I. (ad-
vertisement).
Copies of the original pamphlet are scarce. The
reprint has been made from an example in the possession
of Prof. Newton.
P. L. S.
ir, Hanover Square,
March 21s/, 18H2.
\
A
CATALOGUE
OF THE
ANIMALS
O F
NORTH AMERICA.
CONTAINING,
An Enumeration of the known QUADRUPEDS, BIRDS,
Reptiles, Fish, Insects, Crustaceous and
Testaceous ANIMALS ; many of which are New, and
never described before.
To which are added,
SHORT DI RECTI ONS
FOR
Collecting, Preserving, and Transporting,
all Kinds of
NATURAL HISTORY CURIOSITIES.
By JOHN REINHOLD FORSTER, F.A.S.
Non ad unam Natura formam opui suum prastat ; sed in ipsa
'varietate se jactat.
Seneca, Quaest. Nat. VII. 37.
LONDON:
Sold by B. White, at Horace's Head, in Fleet-Street.
M.DCC.LXXI.
1
!l
t|
-3C&,;^^ Ji^utA
■^^'i^fVMty t/fi'ir
T O
MARMADUKE TUNSTALL, Esq.
Dear S I R,
TH E repeated favours Vou were so kind to
bestow upon me, in the co^nass of a short
acquaintance, and the zeal with which Voii promote
the great cause of Natural History; encouraged me
to prefix Votir Name to this Publication, and give
me an opportunity, thus publicly, to acknowledge
the assistance Vo2C7^ benevolent and generous friend-
ship favoured me with.
Nothing is left to me, but the simple mention of
thanks ; and my sincere wishes for Four health,
happiness, and the enjoyment of every intellectual
and moral blessing. I am, with the truest regard,
Dear SIR,
your most obliged,
obedient,
humble Servant,
Lomhn, April
24.1771. JOHN REINHOLD FORSTER
To the READER.
I Had hinted in the Preface to the third volume of Kahfis
Travels, that I could publish but an imperfe6l and
small catalogue of North Amei'ican animals ; and there-
fore declined to give it. Since that time, I have been
pressed by some worthy friends to publish that catalogue,
such as it is ; and what is still more, I have been favoured
with ample materials by a Gentleman, who is forming a
colleftion for a Natural History of No)'th America, and
hopes by this to incite the inquisitive and learned resident
in that countr}', to search, and to transmit to their friends
in England, the produ61ion of their several provinces.
The Zoology of the first four classes of animals in Great
Britain, has been very accurately and compleatly pub-
lished ; that of the country of the descendants of Great-
Britain ought with most propriety to follow, as it interests
the Mother Country most. These reasons had a great
weight with me ; and I ofifer this small catalogue merely as
an essay towards forming a more compleat Natural History
of that extensive continent. To instru6l the Collectors,
I have added to this list some short dire6lions for the best
method of preserving and transporting the various subje6ls
of Natural History.
The Quadrupeds of this list are referred to the Synopsis
of Quadrupeds of Mr. Pennant ; the Birds, Fish, Reptiles,
Inse6ls, and Crustacea, to Linnceus, Brisson, Mr, Edwards,
and
To the R i: A D E R.
and Catesby ; some few excepted, which are referred to
the Planches enlumm^rs, published at Paris, and marked
here PL etiL so as Catesby with a single C. and those which
are common to Great Britain and A inerica, to the British
Zoology,
The Animals which have recently been discovered in
North America, or overlooked by Mr. Catesby, are distin-
guished by N. S. marking a Nczv Species ; _ and by B. and
Mns. Bl. The first authority is from a Colleilion formed
by a Gentleman in his voyage to Nciufoundland; the second,
from a most select and numerous Colle6lion of American
Animals, belonging to a Lady in Lancashire.
The New Species, in the Catalogue of Birds, I had
leave to insert here from Mr. Penna?ifs manuscript ; and
those of Inse6ls are taken from my own manuscript de-
scriptions of such Inse6ls as were not described by Dr.
L innceus.
The print prefixed here represents an elegant little
Falcon, drawn and engraved from a fine specimen lately
brought over from North America.
N. B. The Animals marked E are t?y European Origin;
having been introduced there by the Spaniards or Eng-
lish, after the discovery of the Neiv World : and those
marked Eur. are originally natives of both Continents.
A3
CLASS
( 6 )
CLASS I. QUADRUPEDS.
DIV. I. Hoofed.
SECT. I. Whole Hoofed.
Genus.
I. Horse
Generous
Ass
E.
E.
syn. quad.
11. Sheep
III. Goat
IV. Deer
SECT. II. Cloven H
Common £^
Domestic ^.
Elk, or Moose, Etir.
OOFED.
V. Hog
Rein
Stag
Virginian
Roe.?
Common
Eur.
Eur.
N. S.
E.
8
p. 14
No 35
38
39
43
54
DIV. II. Digitated Quadrupeds.
VI. Dog
VH. Cat
Faithrul
Wolf
Fox
Araic
Grey
Silvery
Brown
Common
Lynx
Bay Lynx
E.
Eur.
Eur.
Eur.
E.
Eur.
N. S.
N" no
III
112
113
114
129
135
'36
VIII.
( 7 )
VIII. Bear
Black
Polar
Wolverene
Raccoon
Eur.
Eur.
138
>39
140
141
f
IX. Badger American
X. Opossum Virginian
N. S?
143
144
XI.
Weesel
Stoat
Pine Martin
Fisher
Pekan and Vison
Striated
Skunk
Eur.
Eur.
N. S
XII.
Otter
Greater
Lesser
Sea
Eur.
Eur.
XIII.
Hare
Common
Alpine
Rabbet
Eur.
Eur,
E.
XIV.
Beaver
Castor
Musk
Eur.
N° 151
155
157
166
167
173
174
175
183
184
186
190
191
XV. Porcupine Canada
196
XVI.
Marmot
Maryland
Quebec
N. S.
XVII.
Squirrel
Common
a Hudson's
Grey
Black
/3Cat
Ground
Flying
/3 hooded
Bay
Eur.
Eur. '
XVIII.
Rat
Black
Brown ?
Water
E.
Eur.
Mouse
r.
**'.'
A4
198
199
206
209
210
216
221
226
227
228
229
Field
{ « )
XIX. Mole
XXI. Seal
XXII. Manati
XXIII. Bat
Field
Short-tailed
)8. yellow
Radiated
Long-tailed
Brown
XX. Walrus Ardic
Common
Great
Rough
Hooded
Harp
Little
Ursine
Leonine
Manati
New York
Long haired
Eur.
Eur.
N. S.
Eur.
Eur.
N. S.
N. S.
N. S.
N. S.
N. S.
N. S.
230
233
p. 312
N°243
244
245
N°263
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
283
P-367
CLASS II. BIRDS.
DIV. I. Land Birds.
SECT. I. Rapacious.
I. Vulture. Carrion. V. aura. 122. C. I. 6.
II. Falcon
Bald Eagle
Sea
Ringtail
Black-bellied
White
Osprey
F. leucocephalus. C. I. i.
F. ossifragus. in exhibitions •
F. Fulvus. Edw. I.
N. S.
Du Pratz, II. 75.
F. Haliaetus. C. I. 2.
Gentil
1/
t
^
( 9 )
Gentil Falcon
Goshawk
Ashcoloured
Sacre
Winter
Dusky
Rough-footed
Chocolate
Marsh
Buzzard
White-rump'd
Fork-tail
Pigeon
Little
F. gentilis Mr. B
F. palumbarius. Lawson
Edw. 53.
Mr. B. lie Buffon
N. S. Mus. BL
Edw. 3. 4.
N. S. Mr. B.
N. S. do.
Edw. 291,
F. Buteo. Mr. B.
F. Hudsonius. Edw. 107.
F. furcatus. C. I. 4.
F. coluinbarius. C. I. 3.
F. sparverius. C, I. 5.
III. Owl
#
Great
Short- eared
Red
Mottled
Strix bubo. Edw. 60
Br. Zool. Mus. Bl,
St. Afio C. I. 7.
N. S. Mus. Bl.
# *
Snowy
Barred
Canada
Brown
White
Hawk
Little.
St. ny(flea. Edw. 61
N. S. Mus. Bl.
Br. I. 518.
Br. Zool. Mr. B.
lb.
Edw. 62.
Mtts. Bl. Br. Zool,
IV. Shrike
Cinereous.
Crested.
Louisiane.
Lanius excubitor.
L. Canadensis
PL enl. 397.
C. app.
SECT. II. Pies.
V. Parrot
Caroline.
Psittacus Carolinensis.
Illinois.
Ps. pertinax. Edw. 23
/I. Crow
Raven.
Br. Zool. Mr. B.
Carrion.
B. Zool. Mus. Bl.
Magpie
Br. Zool. Edxu. p. 126
Cinereous
C. Canadensis
Blue.
C. cristatus. C. I. 15.
C.I. II.
L. Br.
VII.
1/
( lo )
VII. Oriole
VIII. Gracule
IX. Cuckoo
Redwing
Baltimore
Spurious
Brown-headed
Shining
Caroline
X. Woodpecker White-billed.
Buff-cheeked
Gold-wing
Scarlet
Red-bellied
Spotted
Hairy
Yellow-bellied
Little
Black
Three-toed
XI. Nuthatch. Greater
Lesser
Canada
XII. Kingfisher Great
Louisiane
Oriolus Phoeniceus.
O. Baltimorus
O. Spurius
N. S. Mr Kuckahn
Gracula quiscula
Cuculus Americanus. C. I. 9.
C I. 13
48
49
C. L 12
Picus principalis
P. pileatus
P. auratus
P. eythrocephalus
P. Carolinus
Br. Zool. I. 178. Mils. Bl.
r. villosus
P. varius
P. pubescens
Albin
P. tridadylus. Edw.
Br. Zool.
Br. III. 593
C. I. 16
C. \. 17
18
20
19
19
21
ib.
22
ib.
XIII. Creeper
XIV. Hummer
Bahama
Common
Alcedo alcyon
Prats. II. 82
Certhia flaveola
Br. Zool. Mus. Bl.
XV. TURKY
XVI. Grou's
Red-throated Trochilus colubris
SECT. III. Gallinaceous.
Meleagris Gallopavo.
69
59
C. I. 65
Wild
t
Ruffed
Pinnated
Long-tailed
Spotted
White
Partridge
Quail.? •
Tetrao umbellus Edw. 248
r. cupido c III I
T. Phasianellus Edw.\^^
1. Canadensis Edw. 71, m
l.Lagopus Edw. 72
T. Virgin ianus
T. Mexicanus
C. III. 12
SECT.
1
1 1
SECT. IV. Columbine,
XVII. Pigeon
Passenger
Caroline
Columba migratoria
C. Carolinensis
White-crowned C. leucocephala
Canada C. canadensis
Ground
C. Passerina
I. 23
24
24
SECT. V. Passerine,
XVIII, Thrush
Mimic
Ferruginous
Fieldfare
Red-leg'd
Black
Little
Turdus polyglottos
T. rufus
T. migratorius
T. plumbeus
Br. II.
Edw. 296
27
28
29
30
245
C. L31
Golden-crowned Motacilla auro-capilla Edw. 25
XIX, Stare
Crescent
New York
Alauda magna
N, S, Mus. BL
C. I. 33
XX, Chatterer Prib,
Ampelis garrulus. C. I, 46, Edw.
XXI, Grosbeak Crossbill
Pine
Crested
Mexican
Roseate
Spotted
Missisipi
Dominican
Canada
Black
Blue
Violet
Fantail
Grey
Red-headed
XXII, Bunting
Snow
Winter
Rice
Br. Zool.
Br. Zool. IV.
Loxia cardinalis
L. Mexicana
L Ludoviciana
N. S, Mus. BL
Edw. 303
Edw. 123, 124
C. I, 38
Mus. BL
L. Dominicana
L, Canadensis
L. nigra
L. cserulea
L, violacea
PL enL
PL enL
N, S, Mr. Kuckahn
C. I
,68
39
40
380
393
Emberiza nivalis Edw. 126
E. hyemalis C. 1, 36
E, oryzivora C. I. 14, Edw. 291
Painted
( 12 )
XXIII. Tanagre
Painted
Louisiane
Blue?
Blue
Green
Bishop
Red
E. Cms C. 44 Ediv. 130. 273
E. Ludoviciana.
Br. III.
398
Tanagra cyanea c. I,
Motacilla guira Edw. 351. Mus
T. Episcopus. Du Pratz. II.
45
Bl.
94
C. I. 56
XXIV. Finch
Fringilla Erythrophthalma
Fr. tristis
Fr. zena
Fr. montana
C. I. 35
^ 34
Fr. bicolor 37
PI. en. 181. 223,?
White-throated Edw. 304
Ferruginous Edw. 354. Br. III. 296
Crimson head N. S. Mus. Bl
Fasciated N. S. D\
Greater red-poll, Br. Zool. Mus. Bl.
Towhe
Golden
Orange
Mountain
Little
Cow-pen
Bahama
Caroline
34
43
42
Edw. 269
XXV. Fly-catcher Tyrant
Fork tail
Chattering
Crested
Black-cap
Cinereous
Red- eyed
Cat
Canada
Blue
Brown
Lanius tyrannus C. I. 55
Muscicapa tyrannus
C. I. 50
Muse, crinita C. I. C2
C. I. 53 ^
Muse, virens
M. olivacea C. I. 54
M. Carolinensis 66
M. Canadensis
Motacilla sialis C. I. 47
C. I. 54.
XXVI. Lark
Shore
Red
Calandre
Alauda alpestris C. I. 32
Br. Zool Edw. 297
Edw. 268
XXVII. Wagtail
Redstart
Yellow breast
Black throat
Yellow throat.
Yellow rump.
Muscicapa ruticilla. C. I 67
Turdus trichas. Edw. 237 *
Motacilla Canadensis. Edw.2t,2
C. I. 62.
Edw. 255
( 13 )
Red poll
Black poll
Pine
Crowned
Golden wing
Green
Pied
Bloodyside
Coerulean
Worm-eater.
Yellow
Louisiana
Great
Quebec
Yellow-tailed ?
Spotted
Cinereous
Olive
Ruby-crowned
Golden-crested.
Yellow
Wren
M. petechia. Edw. 256
Certhia pinus. C. I. 61.
M. coronata. Ediv. 298
M. chrysoptera. Edw. 299.
Edw, 300
Edw. ib. M. varia
M. Pensylvanica. Edw. 301
M. ccerulea. Edw, 302
Edw. 305
Br. III. 492
500
508
M. Icflerocephala
Edw. 257
Edw. 257
Br. III. 524
PL enl. 58
M. calendula. Edw. 254
Br. Zool. C. App.
Br. Zool. II. 266. Edw.
Mus. Bl.
XXVIII. Titmouse Crested
Hooded
Virginian
American
Canada
Colemouse
Parus bicolor. C. I. 57
C. 1.60
V. Virginianus. C. I. 58
P. Americanus 64
Br. III. 553.
Br. Zool. Mr. B.
XXIX. Swallow House
Martin
Sand
Swift
Purple
Canada
Aculeated
Br. Zool. Mr. B.
ib. Mtis. Bl.
ib. C. App.
ib. Lawson
Hirundo purpurea, C. I. 51
H. subis. Ed%v. 120
H. pelasgia. C. III. 8
XXX, Goatsucker. Common
Lesser
Br. Zool. C. I. 8
Capr. minor. C. III. 16.
DIV,
( 14 )
DI V. II. Water Fowl.
SECT. VI. C
LOVEN-FOOTED.
XXXI. Heron.
#
Hooping
Canada
Brown
Ardea Americanus.
A. Canadensis.
A. Herodias.
# #
Common
Violet
Blue
Cinereous
Great white
Little white
Green
Bittern
Minute
Caroline
Green head
■c.a7i/. 133
£dzi>. 136
Br. Zool. C. App.
A. violacea. C, L 79
A. coerulea 76
Edw. 135
A. alba. xMiis. Bl.
A. aequino(ftialis. C I 77
A. virens. 80 • • //
A. Hudsonias. Edw. iic
Br. Zool. Mits. BL
C. L 78
Mr. Kuckahn
XXXII. Ibis
Wood
Scarlet
White
Brown
XXXIII. Curlew Eskimau)
Tantalus loculator.
T, ruber
T. albus
T. fuscus
N. S. Mr B.
C. I. 81
84
82
83
XXXIV. Woodcock. American
Snipe
Jack
Godwit
Red
Great
Nodding
Spotted
Mus. Bl.
Th: Zool. Mits. BL
'^'- Mils. BL
ih. C. App.
ib. Edw. 138
Scolopax fedoa. Edw \xi
N. S. Mr. B. ■'
Miu. BL
XXXV. Sand-pipkr Turnstone
Common
Spotted
Cinereous
Tnnga mterpres Edw. 141
Br. ZooL Mr. Kuckahn
10. Edw. 270
ib. Mr. B.
Knot
Knot
ib. Edw. 276
Redshank
ib. C. App.
(;rey PI.
ib. C. App.
Purre
ib. Mhs. Dl.
Little
N. .S.
Glossey
Mr. B. N. S.
Green
Br. Zool. Mr. Kuckahn.
XXXVI.
Pr.OVER
Green
Br. Zool. Mhs. BL
Pie
ib. C I. 85
Noisy
Charadrius vociferus. C. I. 71
Golden
Ch. apricarius Eiiw. 140
Lark
Br. Zool. Mus. Bl.
Sanderling
ib. Mus. Bl.
XXXVII.
Rail
Clapper
Mus. Bl.
Red-breasted
Edw. 279
XXXVIII.
Water-
Caroline
Rallus Carolinus. Edw. 144.
hen
C. I. 70.
Common
Br. Zool Mhs. Bl.
SECT. VII. With Pinnated Feet.
XXXIX. Coot Common Br. Zool. Mus. Bl
XL. Phalarope Grey
Red.
Brown
ib. Ed7v. 308
Edw. 142
Edw. 46
XLI. Grebe
Eared
Pied bill
Edw. 96
C. I. 9!.
SECT. VIII. Webbed- FOOTED.
Vs
XLIL Flammant
Red
Phaenicopterus ruber
XLI 1 1. Auk
Great
Br. Zool. Ediv. 147
Razor
ib. Edw. 358
Puffin
ib. Edw ib.
New
N. S. Br. Mus.
Little
Br. Zool. Ediv. 91
'. ■, - ' ■
Guillemot
ib. Edw. 359
Black
ib.
XLIV.
( Ifi )
XLIV. DiVF.R
Nortliern flr. Zoo!. Mus. ///.
Immer Colymbus Immer. Mus. lil.
Speckled //;-. Zool. Mus. HI.
Liinimc ib. Ediv. 97. 146
XLV. CUT-VVATKR Black
Rhynchops nigra. C. I. 90
XLVI. TjiRN
Noddy
Black
Greater
Lesser
Sterna stolida. C. 1. 88
Br. Zool. Kalm.
ib. Mus. Bl.
ib. Mus. Bl.
XLVI I. Gull
Great
Wage!
Herring
Kittiwake
Laughing
Black toed
Ardlic
ib. Mr. B.
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib. Ediv. 148, 149.
XLVIIL Petrel Fulmar
Shear water
Storm
ib.
ib. Ediv. 359
ib. Edw. 91
XLIX. Saw-bill.
Goosander Br. Zool. Mus. Bl.
Redbreastcd ib. Edw. 95.
Hooded Mergus cucullatus. Edw. ^(io
Smew Br. Zool. Mus. Bl.
L. Duck
Swan
Canada
Wild-goose
White-fronted
Blue
Bernacle
Brant
Snow
Eider
King
Velvet
Black
Shoveler
Golden eye
Harlequin
ib. Edw. 150
Anas Canadensis. Edw. 151
Br. Zool.
ib. Edw. 153
A. caerulescens. Edw. 152
Br. Zool.
ib.
Anser niveus. Br. VL Lawson
Br. Zool Edw. 98
A. spedlabilis. Edw. 154
Br. Zool. Mus. Bl.
A. perspicillata. Edw. 155
Br. Zool. C. L 96. foem.
ib. Mus. Bl.
A. histrionica. C. L 98. fozm.
[Edw. 99. 157.
Pied
f. /?/.
90
LI. Pelecan
( ■; )
Pied
A. albeola. Edw. 100
Pochard
Br. Zool. C. App.
Pin-tail
ib. Mus. HI.
Swallow-tail
ib. Eihv. 280
Buffel
A. Bucephala. C. I. 95
White-faced
A. discors. C. I. 100
Ilathcra
A. Bahamensis. C. I. 93
Brown
Mr. B.
Summer
A. sponsa. Edw. loi. C. 1
Widgeon
Br. Zool. Mus. Bl.
Teal
ib. Mr.B.
Blue-wing
C. I. 99.
Mallard
Br. Zool. C. App.
Scaup
ib. Mus. Bl.
Pelecan
Edw. 93.
Corvorant
Br. Zool. Mus. Bl.
Shag
ib. C. App.
Gannet
Mr. B. Br. Zool.
97-
V. 360
'. 151
52
\wson
>S
faem.
• 157-
Pied
CLASS III. REPTILES.
SECT. I. With Four Feet.
I. Tortoise
Green
Testudo Mydas C. II. 38
Hawksbill
T. caretta 39
Logger-head
40
Trunk
Chequered
T. Carolina. Edw. 205
Mud
Edw. 287
Rough ?
T. scabra
Indented ?
T. denticulata
River
N. S. Dr. Garden
II. Frog
Bull
Rana ocellata. C. II. 72
Land
C. 69
Water
C. 70
'-■■ ■■ ' •
B Green
mk
( '8 )
Green
Horned
Striped
R. cornuta
N. S. Mr. Ellis
C. 71
III. Lizard
Allegator
Lion
Guano
Green
Blue-tail
Spotted
Canada
Annulated
Lacerta Crocodylus.
L. sex-lineata
L. Iguana
L. fasciata
L. pundlata
N. S. Mr. Ellis
Mus. Bl.
C. IL63
68
64
67
IIL 10
SECT. II. With Two Feet.
IV. Siren
Caroline
Siren Lacertina. Ph. Tr. LVI.
189
SECT. III. Without Feet.
V. Snake
s
t
Rattle
Lesser
Chequered
ft
Hog-nose
tit
Striped
Wampum
Green
Chain
Ribbon
Black
Bead
Familiar
Porraceous
Crossed
Smooth-headed
Dotted
Ringed
Brown
Yellow
Vittated
Crotalus horridus
Cr. miliarius
Cr. Durissus
Boa contortrix
Coluber leberis
Coluber fasciatus
C. ordinatus
C. getulus
C. saurita
C. constri(5lor
C. guttatus
C. asstivus
C. my(flerizahs
Coluber simus
striatulus
pundtatus
doliatus
sipedon
fulvius
sirtalis
C. H. 41
C. 4
C. 56
C. 58
S3
52
50
00
17
47
Water
( 19 )
C. 71
:. II. 63
68
64
67
III. 10
Water viper
Black viper
Brown viper
Copper-bellied
Brown-bead
Speckled
Pensacola
Coach-whip
Corn
little
C.43
44
46
49
51
N. S. Mr. Ellis
C. 54
c. 55.
Edw. 349
ttt
Glass Anguis ventralis C. II. 59
ttt
Little Sloeworm Ccecilia N. S. Mr, Ellis.
CLASS IV. FISH.
SECT. I. Cetaceous.
c 58
S3
52
50
48
60
57
47
I.
II.
Narwhal
Whale
Narwhal
Common
Br. Zool
Pike-headed ?
ib.
Fin
ib.
Beaked
ib.
III.
Cachalot
Blunt-headed
ib.
High-finned
ib.
IV.
Dolphin
Porpesse
Grampus
ib.
SECT. II. Cartilaginous.
V. Lamprey
Common
Br. Zool. C. App.
B
VI. Ray
n
I
( 20 )
VI. Ray
VII. Shark
Thorn-back
Sting
Devil-fish
White ?
Saw
VIII. Fishing Frog Common
IX. Sturgeon
X. Balistes
XI. Tetrodon
XII. Lump
XIII. Pipe-fish
European
Blunt-nosed
Unicorn
Hispid
Old
Smooth
Globe
Sun
Lump-fish
Shorter
C. App.
C. App.
C. App.
C. App.
Squalus Pristis. C. App.
Br. Zool. C. App.
ib.
Mils. Bl.
B. monoceros.
B. hispidus
B. vetula.
T. la^vigatus
T. lagocephalus
Br. Zool. C. App.
Br. Zool.
ib.
C. IL 19
C. II. 22
C. II. 28
SECT. III. Bony,
1*1
XIV. Eel
XV. Sword
XVI. Cod
XVII. Blenny
XVI I L Remora
XIX. CORYPH/ENE
Muray
Eel
Conger
Sword-fish
Common
Frost
Tau
pustulated
Apodal.
Muraena Helena. C. II. 20. 21
Br. Zool.
ib.
ib.
Jugular
ib.
Gadus callarias. Mus. Bl.
Gadus Tau.
N. S. Mr B.
* * * Thoracic.
Remora Ech. neucrates.
Parrot
Blue
Lineated
C. Psittacus
C. IL 18
C. lineata
C. II. 26
C. II. 29
XX. Bull-
( =■
)
XX. Bull-head
Father-lasher
Br. Zool.
XXI. Flounder
Holibut
Br. ZooL
Flounder
ib.
Plaise
ib.
Rough
Pleuronedes plagiusa
Sole
Br. Zool.
Lineated
PI. lineatus
Lunated
PI. lunata C. II. 27
XXII. CHiETODON
Scaleless
Ch. alepidotus
Angel
Ch. triostegus C. II. 31
XXIII. GiLTHEAD
Lane-snapper
Sparus synagris C. II. 17
Pork-fish
Sp. rhomboides C. II. 4
Porgy
Sp. chrysops C. II. 16
Silver
Sp. argyrops.
Radiated
Sp. radiatus. C. II. 12
Virginian
Sp. virginicus
XXIV. Wrasse
Mutton
Labrus anthias C. II. 25
Mangrove
L. griseus C. II. 9
Hog
L. flavus C. II. II
Gaper
L. hiatula
Drum
L. chromis C. App. XXXIII.
Yellow
L. fulvus C. II. 10
Cinereous
C. II. w.fi^. 2
Bone
C. II. 13
Great.?
C. II. 15
XXV. Perch
River ?
Br. Zool. C. App.
Yellow-bellied
Labrus auritus. C. II. 8
Dotted
Perca pun(flata
Whiting ?
P. alburnus. C. II. 12
Croker
P. undulata C. II. 3.
Eyed
P. ocellata
Noble
P. nobilis
Philadelphian
P. Philadelphica
Black
P. atraria
Margate
P. chrysoptera C. 1 1. 2
Negro
P. pundata C. II. 7
Hind
P. guttata C. II. 14
Venemous
P. venenosa C. II. 5
Black-tail
P. nielanura C. II. 7
B 3 Rudder
Rudder
Striated
Grunt
Trifurcated
Bass ?
Apodal
XXVI. Stickle-back Crevalle
Canada
Skip-Jack
Two-spined
XXVII. Mackrel Yellow-tail
XXVIII. Gurnard
XXIX. Loch
XXX. Amia
XXXI. SiLURE
XXXII. Trout
XXXIII. Pike
XXXIV. Elops
XXXV. Argentine
Flying
Rough
Beardless
Mud-fish
Cat
Armed
Salmon
Trout
White fish
Long
Fox
Green
Sea-needle
Under-jaw
Barracuda
Common
Forked
Caroline
P. secflatrix C. II. 8
P. striata
P. formosa C. II. 6
P. trifurca
Br. Zool. C. App. XXXIII.
C. II. 4.
Gasterosteus Carolinus
G. Canadus
G. Saltatrix. C. II. 14
Mus. Bl.
Scomber Hippos
# -;;- #
TrigIa evolans
N. S. Mus. Bi.
abdominal.
Cobitis heteroclita
Amia calva
Silurus felis. S. catus. C. 1 1.
S. cataphradlus. C. III. 19
Bk Zool.
Br. Zool. Mr. B.
Salmo lavarettus 1
S. foetens. C. II. 2
Esox vulpes. C. IL i.
E. Osseus. C. II. 30*
Br. Zool
E. Brasiliensis. Mr B
C. IL I
Br. Zool. C. App.
El. Saurus
Arg. Carolina. C. II. 24*
Perhaps a herring.
XXXVI.
( 23
XXXVI. Atherine Silver-fish
Ath. menidia
XXXVII. Mullet
White
Common
Mugil albula. C. II. 6
Br. ZooL C. App.
XXXVIII. POLYNEME Virginian
P. Virginicus
XXXIX. Herring
Common
Shad
Br. Zool.
ib. C. App. XXXII
XL. Carp.
Common Br. Zool. C. App.
Roach ib. ib.
Dace ib. ib.
Mummy-Chog. N. S. Mus. Bl
CLASS V. INSECTS.
SECT. I. Beetles.
I. Chafer Scarabasus lunaris. Mns. Bl.
aloeus
lancifer
nasicornis
Carolinus
mimas
rarnifex
nuchicornis
Marianus
stercorarius
Amazonus
Surinamus
nitidus
sepicola
horticola, a variety
occidentalis
lanigerus
fasciatus
Indus
brunnus
pun'/.
annularis
quadridens
Canadensis
XLVI I. GOLDE>f
Wall-fly
Chrysis cyanea
XLVI 1 1. Tailed Sirex
Wasp
Columba. Mus. Bl.
XLIX. Saw-fly Tenthredo scrophularia:
lutea
viridis
L. Ichneumon Sphex
Wasp
fabulosa
ccurulea
Pensylvanica
arenaria
LI. Ichneumon-
fly
Ichneumon luteus
LII. Naked Bee Mutilla
occidentalis
SECT. VI. Two-winged Insects.
LI 1 1. Gnat Culex pipiens. Musquito
pulicaris
LIV. Wasp-fly
Asilus
aestuans
gibbosus
LV. Flower- Bombylius minor. Mus. Bl.
BREEZE
LVI. Horse-fly Hippobosca hirundinis. MiiSy BL
LVII.
( 32 )
%
LVII. Fly
LIX. Gadfly
Musca
LVII I. Whame Tabanus
Oestrus
illucens. Drury, t. 44. f. i. M. Bl.
leucopa
vomitoria
carnaria
domestica
Americanus. N. S. Mus. Bl.
Tarandi
SECT. VII. Insects without Wings
LX. SUGARMITE Lepisma faccharina
LXI. Ground-
flea
Podura
aquatica
LXII. DEATH-
WATCH
Termes
pulsatorium
LXI 1 1. Louse
Pediculus
humarus
ricinoides
suis
cervi
meleagridis
LXIV. Flea
Pulex
irritans
penetrans. Chigger
LXV. Tick
Acarus
Americanus
Siro
holosericeus
LXVI. Long-
legged Spider
Phalangium
grossipes
opilio
acaroides
balaenarum
reniforme
LXVI I. Spider
Aranea
diadema
clavipes
venatoria
LXVI 1 1. Scor-
pion
Scorpio
Americanus
australis. Mus. Bl.
LXIX.
( 33 )
XIX. Crabfish.
sentry
Cancer pinnophylax
minute
C. minutus. Kalm.
land
C. ruricola. Cat. 11. 32.
florid
C. floridus
Sand
C. vocans. Cat. II. 35.
common
C. ma;nas. Mr. B.
rouj^hshellcd
C. granulatus. Cat. II. 36. N" 1
spider
C. araneus. Mr. B.
dotted
C. puntlatus
rock
C. Grapsus. Cat. 11. 36. N° I.
redclawed
Cat. 11. n. f. I.
.XX. Lobster
common
Cancer Gammarus
cynic
C. Diogenes. Cat. II. 33. f. i. 2
Soldier
Cat. 11. 34
Cray
C. carcinus
LXXI. MONOCULE King's Crab Monoculus Polyhemus. J/«.y. 5/.
LXII. MiLLEPEE
Oniscus Oestrum. Mus. Bl.
Physodes. Mus. Bl.
Ceti
Asellus
LXXllI. Centipee Scolopendra forficata
morsitans. Cat. II. 2.
occidentalis
marina
LXXIV. Gallyworm Julus
crassus
TESTA-
( 34 )
TESTACEOUS.
References to American Shells, engraved in Lister's
Hist. Conch.
l
i
i
Land
N" 19 .
82
91
92
93
94
Sea Bivalves. N" 34. 279
196. 358
200. 434
277. 436
Sea turbinated. 855. a. 12
1058. — 10
1059—2
4
1,
River
Turbinated
3 River
4
1
7
8
35
44
45
46
Bivalve
1
9
10
IS
SHORT
( 35 )
SHORT DIRECTIONS
For Lovers and Promoters of
NATURAL HISTORY,
In what manner Specimens of all Kinds may be
colle6led, preserved, and transported to distant
Countries.
I. A L L Quadrupeds of a great bulk must be skinned
JTx. as soon as possible after death ; the tail, claws,
teeth, horns, ears, bristles on the nose and chfn,
are carefully to be preserved ; the hair of the fur as little
stained with blood as possible ; the opening is to be as
small as it can conveniently be without hindering the ope-
ration ; the inside of the skin may then be washed or
brushed over with a liquor, made of an ounce of Sal Ammo-
niac, dissolved in a quart of water, in which afterwards two
ounces of corrosive sublimate Mercury must be put : or
four ounces of Arsenic may be boiled in two quarts, or
two quarts and a half of water, till all or the greater part
of it be dissolved, and the liquor may serve for the same
purpose to wash the inside of the skin : then the whole
cavity must be stuffed with oakhum or tow, likewise im-
bibed with the above liquor, afterwards dried and mixed
C 2 with
[ 36 )
with a powder of four parts of Tobacco-sand, four parts
of pounded black Pepper, one part of burnt Alum, and
one part of corrosive Sublimate or Arsenic : lastly, the
whole is to be sewed with a thread dipt in the above liquor,
and the skin thus stuffed must be gently dried, and a day
after put into an oven, whose heat must be so gentle, that
a hair, or a feather put for trial's sake into it, will not
crisp, or curl, or bend ; and thus it will be perfectly
dried : the eyes may be filled up with putty, which, when
dry, will look like the white part of an eye, and will bear
painting, to express with oil-colours the iris and pupil of
the natural eye of the animal in question. The whole
animal must be put into a box, filled with tow or moss, or
oakum steeped in the above liquor, and perfectly dried.
The box must be brushed over on both sidc^ with the above
liquor, and dried ; and the crevices shut up vith pieces of
paper pasted over ; the paste must be made either with the
arsenical liquor, or that made with corrosive sublimate
instead of common water ; and I can assure these precau-
tions, though cheap and simple, will keep the animal in
the best preservation on the longest voyages, and for many
years in a collection. This way of preparing and securing
the boxes for sending specimens abroad, the prepared
oakum or tow, the powder and liquor mentioned above,
are always to be understood when I afterwards speak of
prepared boxes, prepared tow, moss, or oakum, and pre-
paring powder or liquor,
II. Small Quadrupeds may be plunged into a keg of
brandy, rack or rum, and thus sent over : observe how-
ever to put them first into the coarser kind of spirits ;
and after they have been therein for a while, and parted
with some impurities, you must put them into another
vessel with new clean rum or brandy, into which some
alum may be put ; and they will keep thus better, and
be less subject to change or decay.
III. Birds must be opened at the vent, their entrails,
lungs,
(
0/
)
lungs, and craws taken out, washed with the above pre-
paring liquor, strewed with the preparing powder, stuffed
with the prepared oakum or tow ; their plumage kept
clean during the operation, sewed up with thread steeped
in the preparing liquor ; the eyes taken out, with the
tongue, and both places washed with the same liquor; the
mouth must be filled with prepared tow in great birds ;
the eyes filled up with putty, and, when dry, painted
with oil-colour after the natural colour of live birds of the
same species, and then dried in an oven : however, as
there is all the meat on the bird left, care must be
taken not to take too plump or too fat birds, and dry them
slowly under the same precaution as mentioned N°. I.
The operation must be repeated till the bird be per-
fe6lly dry. The attitude may be given to the bird
before he be put into the oven, by wires that are sharp on
one end, and thrusted through the bird's legs, body, breast,
and neck, and others going through the wings and
body. Small birds are likewise well preserved in brandy,
rack, or rum; and when arrived at the place of their
destination, they must be washed and sweetened in fresh
water for several times, and lastly dipped in the preparing
liquor, the plumage laid in order, the attitude given to
the bird by wires, and then dried. Care must be taken
to kill the birds with shot proportioned to their size, and
at a reasonable distance, that the specimen may not be
mangled and torn. Young birds which have not yet moulted,
must not be taken, but old birds in full feather, and, if
possible, a specimen of each sex; for the sexes often vary
very much in size, feather, and colour. The nests of birds
and their eggs would likewise contribute towards perfed^-
ing the history of this branch of zoology.
IV. All kinds of Reptiles, as snakes, lizards, and frogs,
and small tortoises, must be put into brandy or rum with
alum in it : observe not to take such snakes or lizards as
have accidentally lost their tails : the scales of these animals
must be carefully preserved.
V. Fish
( 3S )
V. Fish of all denominations will likewise bear sending
in bottles or kegs with brandy or rum. The fins and tails
of the fish, their scales, and in some kinds, the beards, or
other small characteristic appendages, must not be rubbed,
torn, or destroyed.
VI. Insects may be caught in a pair of forceps covered
with fine green or white gauze, which for better security
may be sewed over either with silk or thread. The collec-
tor must have a pincushion, with three or four different
sizes of pins, calculated for the different sizes of the in-
sects ; one or two chip-boxes lined on top and bottom
with cork, all steeped in the preparing liquor ; one or more
larger store-boxes at home to put therein the inserts caught
in the various excursions ; a large Muscheto gauze-net
made in the shape of a bat fowling-net, which is to be got
ready made in London; and a thread net with small meshes
on a round wire hoop fixed to a long pole, in order thus
to catch insects that live in water. With these instruments
all insects may easily be caught. The beetles must have
the pin run through one of their wing-shells; the half-
winged inserts through the thorax, and so likewise must be
done to butterflies, hawk-moths, and moths, to the in-
serts with four and two membranaceous wings, and some
of the insefts without wings. As the papilionaceous inse£ls
very frequently beat their wings, and thus rub off the fine
scales covering them, it is necessary to give these creatures,
when in the forceps or net, a gentle squeeze at the insertion
of the wings in the body, and to put them, when returned
home from an excursion, on a large pincushion, by which
means they will be enabled to rest their feet on, and this
will prevent their fluttering. Beetles, and many of the
half-winged inse6ls, may be dipped in the preparing liquor,
which will kill and put them soon out of pain and pre-
vent small insects from destroying them. The greater part
of beetles may with as great propriety be plunged into a
bottle,
( 39 )
bottle, with rum or rack, and thus sent over. This can
likewise be done with all marine insefls, small crabs,
millepees, centipees, spiders, gaily worms, scorpions, &c.
and many curious grubs or caterpillars, which arc the first
state which beetles and butterflies, moths, &c. live in.
To each inse6t, not in spirits, put a small paper, on which
is marked the time of the year it is caught in, the plant
or food it lives upon, its changes, and what animals feast
again upon the inse6l, and other such particularities.
VII. The shells, both those found in fresh water-
lakes, ponds, and rivers, and those that live only in the
ocean, must not be chosen among those that lie on the
shores of the sea and fresh waters, and have been broken
and injured, or rolled by the waves and exposed to the
air and sun and thus calcined; but rather as fresh as
possible, and with the animal in it: one or two speci-
mens of which may be preserved in Spirits : from the
rest extract the animal, and keep the shell, when per-
fe6lly dry and sweet, packed up in cotton, tow, or moss.
The same is to be done with the echini or sea-eggs, and
other crustaceous animals; especially be careful to pre-
serve their curious spines.
VIII. The harder and stone-like animal productions of
the sea, comprehended under the names of Madrepores,
Millepores, Cellepores, Corals, and Gorgonias, are either
without its inhabitants, and then they want no other
care but a good packing in cotton or tow ; or the ani-
mal is still alive, and then it would be necessary to put
the specimen in a flat vessel filled with Sea-water, and
to watch the moment when the animal puts out its
arms or branches, and then to pour instantly a good
quantity of strong spirit into the water, so that the acid
of the liquor may prevent the animal from drawing in
its branches or arms : after this, the animal may be
put
( 40 )
put into another Ljlass, with new rum poured on it ; the
glass must be well corked, and covered with putty and
a bladder. All the alcyoniums, spunges, hornwracks,
pipe-corals, coralines, sea-feathers, and other curious
zoophytes, must be treated in the same manner; as
this would be a means to acquaint us with the various
inhabitants of this curious tribe of marine produ6lions.
IX. The various worm-like animals comprehended
under the name of Molliisca^ may be best preserved in
rum or brandy : only observe to pour the rum on them,
when they are putting out their arms, eyes, horns, tenta-
cula, and other parts of their frame.
X. To the quadrupeds, birds, reptiles, fish, and in
general to all the specimens, must be fixed lead tickets
by means of a wire, and a number on the lead scratched
in ; which must be referred to, in a paper, where under
the same number the collector would be pleased to write
the name by which the animal goes in his country, or
among the various tribes of Indian nations, with the food,
age, growth, nature, manners, haunts, how many young
or eggs it brings forth, in what manner it is caught, what
it is used for, &c, &c.
XL The vegetable world affords such an Immense
variety of produ6lions of so great and varied uses for
the various purposes and wants of human society ; that
it would be rather blameable in men to be indolent in
respc6l to them. Old England can justly glory in be-
ing possessed of the greatest variety of plants of all
kinds ; but even these glorious and spirited efforts in
this branch of knowledge, are not yet sufficient to make
us acquainted with all the produ6lions of the vegetable
kingdom, and their various uses. Besides this, their
cultivation at large is often impossible in our cold cli-
mate, and reserved for a more mild and happy one,
beyond
and
( 4' )
beyond the Atlantic : nothing is therefore more ne-
cessary than to facilitate the transportation of seeds and
plants into distant countries in a state of vegetation.
The ingenious and great promoter of natural history,
John Ellis, Esq ; has favoured the world with a curious
pamphlet, containing the best dire6lions for that purpose ;
it would be therefore superfluous to repeat what he has
already said, were it not necessary to make my perform-
ance more compleat, by inserting a few hints abstra6led
from his useful publication ; and adding to it some re-
marks of my own.
Seeds of all kinds, intended to be sent abroad, must
be colle6led perfc6lly ripe in dry weather, and kept dry
without exposing them to sunshine. Hard nuts, and
leguminous seeds, may be plunged for a moment in the
preparing liquor and then dried again, as this would
prevent insedls from attacking them. In general must
the seeds be previously examined, and care taken that
no inse6ls may be sent with them ; this can sometimes
be discovered by the naked eye, sometimes by a magnify-
ing glass, and by a little brown or black spot on the out-
side of the seed ; such ripe and chosen seeds, if of a good
size, each of them may be wrapped in a flat piece of
bees-wax ; if small or quite minute, many may be put
together in such a piece of bees-wax, or, what is still
better, in a piece of cerate paper, i. e. paper steeped in
melted bees-wax, and all these parcels must be put in a
pot or box, proportionate to the quantity of seeds you
have, filled with melted wax, to the height of about the
size of the seeds you are to send, or the parcels you have
made; and when the wax is pretty cool, but still soft,
lay your seeds or parcels in rows in the soft wax, and then
fill again some melted wax in, and proceed to lay seeds
in the same manner till your pot or box be full. Pulpy
seeds, as those of strawberries, mulberries, arbutus's,
D may
( 42 )
may be fiqucczcd together, pressing out the watery par-
ticles, dr>'ing these small cakes, and then putting them
in the abovementioned cerate paper. Or small seeds mixed
with dry sand, and put in cerate paper, packed in pro-
portionate glasses, and covered with a bladder or leather,
and all such glasses again packed in a vessel, filled with a
mixture, consisting of half culinary salt, the other half
of two parts of saltpetre, and one part of sal ammoniac,
will keep the seeds cool, and preserve their vegetative
power.
Plants or shrubs that are to be transported, must
be taken out with a lump of soil covering the roots,
which must be wrapped in wet moss, surrounded with
paper or a Russian bast-mat and packthread ; plants
thus packed may be put in a chest or box upon a
layer of three inches deep wet moss in close rows, fill-
ing up all vacancies with moss. Some holes or slips in
the lid of the box, covered W'ith bast-mats or sail-cloth,
will give them air, and a direction must be fixed on
top. to keep the lid uppermost, and the box in an open
but shady airy place, out of the spray of the sea : the
same caution, in regard to air and sea, must be taken
with the boxes containing seeds.
XII. Minerals, fossils, and petrefa6lions of all kinds,
ought to be wrapt separately in papers, and the whole
colleflion packed in hay, tow, hemp, or cotton, in a box,
so that none of the specimens may touch or rub one
another when the box is transported by land-carriage,
or shaken by the rolling of the sea. Clays, earths,
sands, and salts, are best preserved in glasses, or little
glazed gally-pots covered with a bladder. Mineral wa-
ters may be safely filled in glass bottles, immediately af-
ter corked up and pitched, or covered with putty round
the cork.
XIII.
\
( 43 )
XIII. Though antiquities are no ways in conneflion
with Natural History, it will however, be very accept-
able, if the curious of North America will colleft and
communicate to their friends in Great Britain, all the in-
scriptions, arms, vases, utensils, idols, and other things,
found in that continent, capable of throwing a light on
the history and antiquities of its first inhabitants.
XIII.
Cambribgt :
PRINTED 15Y C. J. CLAY AND SON,
AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS.
\
^Ijt MUlhigj)b]T %atntn
rOH THE
REPRINTING OF SCARCE ORNITHOLOGICAL WORKS.
ESTABLISHED 1879.
Committee of Selection :
ALFRED NEWTON, M.A., F.K.S., V.P.Z.S.
OS BERT SALVIN, M.A., F.R.S., F.Z.S.
PHILIP LUTLEY SCLATER, M.A., F.R.S., Sec. Z.S.
THE PAST AND PBESENX EDITOUS OF "THE IBIS."
Director:
W. B. TEGETIVIEIER, F.Z.S.
FINCHLEY, N.
Secretary :
F. DU CANE GODMAN, F.L.S.
CHANDOS-STREET, CAVENDISH-SQUABE, LONDON, W.
THE WILLUGHBY SOCIETY.
At a Meeting of Ornithologists, at 6, Tonterden-street, Hanover-square,
on May 7, 1879, Professor Newtox in the Chair, it was agreed "That
an Association should be formed for reprinting certain Ornithological
Works interesting for tiieir utility or rarity."
The late and present Editors of " The Ibis " and Mr Tegetmeiek
were requested to fw-rn an Organising Committee to promote this
object, and Mr F. Godman to act as Secretary.
The Committee thus appointed met at 11, Hanover-square, on
June 4, 1879, when it was agreed : —
I. " That this Association be called ' The Willughby Society for
the reprinting of scarce Ornithological Works.'"
II. "That the Annual Subscription be £1, payable to the
Secretary."
III. "That no Copies of Works reprinted by The Willughby
Society be sold."
IV. " That every Member of The Willughby Society shall be
entitled to one Copy of each Work printed in the year for
which he shall subscribe."
In order to carry out effectually the object of this Society, it is
necessary that the number of Members should be as large as possible :
those, therefore, wlio wish to join it are requested to communicate
with the Secretary, Mr F. D. Godman, 10, Chandos-street, Cavendish-
square, W.C.
The following works have been already issued by the Society : —
For the Subscribers of the year 1880.
Tunstall's " Ornithologia Britannica." Edited by Professor
Newton, F.K.S.
Desfontaixes' " Memoire sur quelques nouvelles esp6ces d'oiseaux
des cOtes de Barbaric," from "Hist, de I'Acad. des Sciences,"
1787. Edited by Professor Newton, F.R.S.
Sir Andrew Smith's "Miscellaneous Ornithological Papers."
Edited by Os. Salvin, F.R.S.
A. A. H. Lichtenstein's "Catalogus rerum naturalium rarissi-
raarum." Hamburg: 1793. Edited by W. B. Tegetmeier, F.Z.S.
The Willughhy Society.
For the Subscribers of the year 1881
Leach's Catalogue of the Mammalia ami Birds i„ ,he Britkl
Maseum. E.litee " Isi, ■
"r"°" M*'-' "' the "Indian Reriew' a„,l « 4,Htic
Kesearches. Ahiatic
Savigxy and Audouix's Oruitholo-v of E-vi.t Th
inSvo. "^'^o^ '^i -c-g^pt. 1 he complete text
VrEiLLOT's "Analyse d'une nouvolle ornitholocie •
Bahrkre'.s - Ornithologia) specimen novum " ° "
MoHRiNG's "Avium genera."
Kechsteix's papers in th. " Naturforscher "
I"™'" vf ^^S- ^^tematiaue du Cabinet dOrmtholog^e."
-■^VN/IN. V.tes sur I'Ornithologie de Madagascar " from th ■
Mom de la 8oc. d'Hist. Nat. de Strasbourg ^ "''
ScHWExcKFELD's " Aviarium Silesiacum."
o;^;S^,:r '- ''- ^---^^^-^ ^>^^^^ academy of Sconces
Omithological portion of the Appen.lices to the - Reise • of P.ll.s
S. G. Gmelix, and other Russian Traveller. '
Charletox's "Onomasticon."
Tlrxers "Avium &c. brevis et succincta Historia "
Bartoxs "Fragments of the Natural History of Pensylvania.-
&c., &c.
'♦. '•:.•' • .". ;
1