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m 
 
Skotion IV, lS8fl. 
 
 19 
 
 Tkans. Roy. Sue. Canada. 
 
 II. — I\!(fli'S nil Jkuoiiiiui I'liditK 
 
 15v D. r. rKNiiAr,r,ow. 
 
 (rrcsonUi'l May H, IS8!).i 
 
 111 :i piipcr pri'sciitrd to lliis Soriily lust yi'iir, I uavi' llu' results ol' icrtiiiii 
 iin rsligiitions into llir liisloloiiv (,!' I'ldtotaxilos, and amoii"- llir conrlusions tlicu roadu'd 
 was a fonllnnat ion of till' vic'.v advanced l)y Cam;! hcvs. that this plant is in reality an 
 Alii'a and allied to the Laniinari;i' of our modern flora. 
 
 During' the past year I have continued my examination of these fossils whenever 
 fresh material was brou<>-ht to notice, and it is only necessary to remark here, that all the 
 results thus obtained have only servi'd to coniirm more fully the conclusion already 
 reaihed. I have also l)een able to add to the ^iMius three >pecies previously recognized 
 under other names. In the present paper, tlierefore. T propose, chiefly, to deal with these 
 latter, and present a complete revision of the genne. as a whole. 
 
 Nematoviiyton HicKsii Dn. 
 
 In a former i)aper on Ncmatophylon, ' I dealt but brielly with the chivraeteristics of 
 N. Hirhsii, i\s 1 did not feel that the iniperfe t nuiterial then available would admit of a 
 more leimthv description. Since then, Sir Wm. Dawson has placed in my hands some 
 additional maierial, whidi, although it does not add very largely to the facts already 
 "•athered, vet enabii's me to conllrm and state, in a somewhat more detailed form, the 
 charait»'rs pn'viously assiuned to tiiis specii's. 
 
 The only form in wlii'li ihit- plant is at present found, is in small fragments imbedded 
 in clav. In its gi'ueral appc^irance, tiie material suggests the operation of decay followed 
 bv the mechanical a.tion ol' water— as waves on a shore — whereby the plants became 
 broken into small frau'inents. It therefore resembles the material commonly Ibund on 
 l>eaches. The frauineiits are small and all highly silicilied, and the organic matter is so 
 far removed, or so ccmpl'ti'ly broken up as to render them (>xtremely friable. In conse- 
 (pience of this, comi)lete si'ctioiis showing the nornuil relationship of parts cannot be 
 ol)taiiied, and almost all my observations have necessarily been made upon isolated cells. 
 Furlhennore, the destruction of the organic matter has (<xteuded so far that the specimens 
 are essentially represented only by siliceous ,asts of the cells, thouu'h, in some cases, 
 patches of carbonaceous matter adhere to the casts in such a way as to convey an 
 aiiproximate idea of tlie thickness of the original <vil wall. From this I am led to con- 
 sider tlu' wall as .somewiiat thick. The cells are also, without doubt, tubular and noii- 
 
 'I'liins. Itnv. Siir. ('aiiilila, Veil. vi,8iH'. iv, \i. I"i 
 
20 
 
 PHNIIAI,L<i\V UN 
 
 ' 
 
 
 soptato, iiiKl jnoiv m-mt ('xiiiiiiiiiitions li;i\.> shown so niMiiy imdoiil.tra iiistaiirrs „1' 
 braiu'liiii-— as may !..> s,vn in th.' liiiuiv- thai Ihr ivlaii,,nsln|, to ,V. /.<)-„,», a,, not l..> 
 (|uostioiu'(l. 
 
 As statr.l ill my loriiu.ri.aprr, tlirs.^ hirn'.T rcjls havr a diaiurt.M- of 1-J - l'2 /(. hiil as this 
 applii-s only to tiiv sili.vous rasts, w.Miuist add to I his. assuming tho walls toh.' olllu.sainr 
 thi.lnu'ss as in iV. Z:f).,'v/«/, 10.-) /<. which would make tlu' total dianirtn- of the oriu'inal 
 wlls 31.5 /(. or o(|ual to soni.' of the largt'i- .■••lis of .V. Loomii. 
 
 A s.vondary system of filaments is also rvidnitly pivsmt. Casts of small luhular 
 eells are very Irequent. They have a diauK u'r ranuinu- IVom 1 to l.,-^ „. Tonvthrr with 
 these there are also easts of hran.'hiim- lilaments, many of whi.li have jr.'e teriniiiation.s 
 and exactly re.semble the young liyph:e of a fuimus These latter w,.re in all prohal.ility 
 derived from a fungus growing in the plant as a feature of its deray. The fact, however, 
 that the hirger cells of th(> medulla branch, permits mc to consider that some of the .asts 
 at least, belonged to a secondary plexus of iilanicnt> which v eiv in all essential respects 
 the same as in N. Lof>vi/i or ^V. /n.cum. 
 
 8pores are abundant. These bodies are of a reddish-lnown color, measure i.r.s ,/ in 
 diameter and are often aogiv-ated into dense, si)herical ma.sses of reddish brown, resinous 
 looking substanc.'. To this 1 would refer the spherical masses o[ a similar chara.ter 
 already noted as oceurriim- in Ix^h X. Logatii and V. tw.w^m, and it seems highly probable 
 that they were derived, in each ease, from associated funui. 
 
 The lino striation or transverse markinu' on the casts, as originally pointed out by 
 Mr. ]':theridiiv,' has been noted l)y me in more than one •■ase. It is not, however, a constant 
 feature, but occurs only now and then. If su.Ii marking repre.sented structure in the cell 
 wall, we might rea.sonably expect to find it. if not on the casts ,,f all the cells, at least on 
 so many of them as to l.vive no dou])t in our minds relative to its proper commction. ( )ii 
 the other hand, such markings are disiimt fr.nn the ordinary striation of the cell wall and 
 their position is variable. They resemble in fact markin-s made upon the casts by pres- 
 sure of some external .structure exerted thnmuli the eell wall. In my last communication 
 on this plant.- I expressed a doubt as to these markine-s repivseiiting any structure in the 
 cell wall, and from more re.vnt <>xaminations I <lo not liesitate to expn^ss the belief that 
 that they are in reality caused by llie lilaments ,,f i I,e intenellular pl.'xus. 
 
 Fnmi the la.ts stated above, it w..uld appear that ihc,e is ample reason lor conlirm- 
 nm- the po.sition already as.sirrned to this plant. It mav be only another condition of V 
 h,<i-<un: but this, in view of the hiuhlv altered nature of th," specimens so far obtaim.l 
 ennnotbedelinitelyadi.nied. and foril.e pivse,,:. therefore, it must neces.sarily remain 
 tinder its i)resent si)ecilic naiiK'. 
 
 11 
 
 Ni;.MAfo.\yi,().\ ci.'vssfM, Dn. 
 
 Theoi-iy-iiial description of this j.lant is as follows ' : — 
 
 " Fragments (,f wood with a smooth, thin l.ark and a li.s.Mie whollv , ,„ ,sed of 
 
 elongated cylindri.al cells with irreuular [.ores or maikiiiL;' 
 rings of growth.' 
 
 ' 'Jlliirt. .In'l. (mmpI. <,,,•., .All;;., issl, flj ; li- I. 
 
 '(,!ii;e-t, .li.'l, (M..,l. ,<.»■., Nov,, isc,:;, i.i,;. 
 
 .\o pith, medullary ravs, nor 
 
 ■|'r:iiis. I!, .•<. r., vi. \\ i;;. 
 
I'I'IVONIAN l'l;.\N"l'S. 
 
 21 
 
 1 llUVC lldt ImvII iilil,. to iiislicrl llir (iliuillMl spiMJ lilr|i> llOlil wlli'll tllr xtIIoHS 
 
 wnv laki'ii, hut llic Icxt lollouiiiu' the ai)(.v<' d.'s, ripi ion ivIiTs to llinii as Inii^'iiifiils, tlif 
 liiv.i-VNt ol whi. li may liav.' Imvii two in. lies lun-;-, an in.h wide, and hallan iiidi tliick. 
 The slaUMiiciit is also made lliat tlicy niv calrjlicd and, undrr the niirmscopf, ivmind on." 
 of I'rototaxit.'s (.\.>niat.iiiliyl..n) ; •■ hul Ih.'.vlls aiv of on.'-lhiid irr.'iiter dianu'l.T than in 
 /'. Loiioiii, and ar.' dcstiiut.' of iis p.Tuliar uiaridn'^s, and tii.'iv an' no rinns of yrowth 
 or inrduHary rays. The wood .rlLs ar.' of o-ood h'ni-th. soni.'what torluons, loosoly 
 a.jon.nrat,.,! and nin.li thi.'ii.'ii.'d liy liL;-n.'ous d.'posit, wlii.h app.'ars to h.' trav.'rsod ])y 
 many narrow, torUious iinrs or por.'s. 'I'ii.' wiioh' si. 'in .s.'.'m.s to h.' pcrfctly luini.iiiviu'ous, 
 and tlic only other structure ohs.'rved was a faint and douhtfui tra..' of th.' .'xisten..' of 
 parcnrhymalous c'lis in sonn" ol tlie spa.es hetw.'.'u tli.' Ilhre.s," 
 
 In a lat.'r .onununi.'ati.m,' Sir Wm, Dawson says: " I plac' th.'se plants here, simi)ly 
 hi'i'aus.' of the rrsnuhlani.' of tli.-ir lissu.'s to llios.' of rmlotaxitcs (\.'niat(i[)liyl.in), with 
 whi. h it is ])ossil>l.' tli.'y may hav.' had some conn.'.'tion, h.'iim', ji.'rhapsi, stems or slend.'r 
 roots of similar spi'.i.'s of small. 'r siz.'. No additional spe.-im.'us hav.' heen ol)tain.'d since 
 the puhlication of my papi'r ai)ov.' .it.'d (Jn'l. (l-.'oloo-, So.'.), whi. h would indicate that 
 spe.'innMKs of thes.' }>!.uils are rare at (!asp.', and ilu'y hav.' n(.t hen found .'Is. 'wh. 're. The 
 oriuinal sp.'.imens w.'re .■..ll.'.-i.'d hy Mr. J].'ll of th.' G.'olou'i.al Survey." 
 
 This plant o.'.urs in th.' Middl.' firian of (lasp.'', and it will h.' of int. 'rest, in coim.'c- 
 tion with what f.dlows, t.i h.'ar in mind that th.' NimnlniiJu/liin Loiioiii, Dn., although found 
 in th.' same lo.ality. h.'lonii's to a l.nver horiznn, \'\v... th.' Lower I'lrinn. 
 
 Thi> d.'sirahility ot' a revision of this .-pi', ies was suu'u-.'sted hy its sironu' tr.'ueral re- 
 semhlan.'e to Xemat..p!iyton, and hy th.' i'a. ts d.'V.'lop.'d hy th.' re.'ent examin:;tion of the 
 lalli'r. The results ..litain.'d hy m.' from th.' s.'.tions in possession of Sir Wnt. Dawson, 
 which wi'r.' sulnaitled to additional grinding, are as follows : — 
 
 In transverse se.tion, th.'.'.'Hs ar." Ian;.', thin walled, somewhat remote and tolerahly 
 uniform in si/.'. Our m.'asurenients shuw that IIkv averau'.^ ahout •■)■') /( in diam.'ter, 
 varying from ;!:2 " to ■Ml ", It will thus h.' s.'en that I h.'y ai'.'. on the wlioh', fully as 
 large as tlu' larg.'st ..'lis ol A'. ]^ii<^;iiii: hut th.'V do not pr.'s.'nt the same extreme variation 
 in size, nor is there thai i.e.'idiar gr.iuping ol large! and small. 'r .•ells which, in th.' latter 
 plant, Liiv.s ris.' t.. th.' appearaii. .> of rings in th.' st.'m. We do not lay mu.'h ^tr.'ss upon 
 this fai't, however, sin..' su.ii tia.ls ..I lari^'.'r ami small. 'i' ..'lis mav hav.' h.'cn pr.'s.'iil in 
 th.' original plant, thoU',^h \\o\ repr.'s.'ut.'d in the small fraiini.'uts hrought to our noti.'e, 
 N.i radial op.'uinu's are to h.' found, hut in tlu'ir pla.'e th.'re ar.' frequent smidl and 
 irr.'U'ular tra.-ls .>f np.'ii stru. tiir.' int.. which ih.^ .■ells ])en.'trate verv mu.'h as in X.'Uiato- 
 l)livt.)n. Th.' furin of the ..■.'lis is in most .ases w.'ll i)r.'s.'rv.'d ; in otlu'r.'ases th.'V show 
 the etl'ect of . ompr.'ssion in th.'ir llatt.'iu'd tiirm. Moreov.'r. a transverse section of the 
 .stem is not transvers.' to all th.' .(mtain.'d cells, whi.h ar.'. th.'refor.', not wholly parallel, 
 '{'111' somcwhid will.' areas h.'iw.'i'U th.' .'.'lis ar.' larsi'.'lv o.'cupi.-d hv a structure whi.'h is 
 not .'asily mad.' out in all .as.'s. hut whi.h c.>nsists of small. 'r tuh.'s rtuiniuL;' diau'onally 
 or traiisN'.'rselv to ih.' dir.'.tion of the u'.'U.'ral strueture, ami this is what appears to be 
 r.'f.'rrcd to in ih.' orieinal d.'s.'ripti.m ah.we a'iv.'ii, as "a faint and douhtfui tra.-e of the 
 exist.'ii..' ..I par.'ii.hyma .-.'IK in s. mi. ' of th.' spa.'. 's h. 'tween the lihres." 
 
 ' (ir.il. Sim. et'Cnii.. I'.'ssil l'l;iiits, pari i. 'Je. 
 
 'I'nins. I!, S. (',, vi, iv. 3'J. 
 
oy 
 
 i'i:NiiArj,(»w ON 
 
 Tile (jiii'>l ion ol' (li'ciiy I'lmidl In' I'l'UMrdcd us a liii'loi in llii' i>rrs('iil f[i><r since ihwo 
 is no iilli'nitiun oi sinu luiv surh as il would hi' lialdc to prodinc, and in ronscquiMict", I 
 lind llial the oruiinic matin- lias nol siiljl'ird rrdisliilnttion. l>nt ocriiiiics itts orii,Mnal 
 position. 1 have stated thai lli.' . r|i walls an- lliin. This is true willi rei'eremc lo llie 
 carlionaeeous ivsidue. hul on I he whole, i h.' walls, as ihey apjiear in the si)e(iiiieiis, are 
 very tliiek and Ihe rell ravalies small or none This ureal inereas,. of ihieknrss is staled, 
 in the original desrripiioii eiied. to he due lo a " liuneous deposit." 
 
 The appearanee of the ells IS just that exhiliited hy ii eross section of Laminariii 
 stained with lou'wood. in whi.h a Ihiii oiiler wall is seen lo he slained. while |h(> inner 
 and thiekt'r wall remains colorless, showinLi- .in ohv ions diU'erentiation oi' the ctdlulosc 
 
 suhstantc. ill A' mix^/nii a similar diU'erenli.ilion may iiave 1 n developed, and the 
 
 inner thirk layer may have he.'omc leplaeed iiy the siliceons cast as now found. 
 
 Trcaliiieiil of a section with hydrochloric acid disc Iom-s the presence of caleile, wliich 
 is almost wholly located in the intercellular re'..;ioiis, as upon its removal the whole 
 section hreaks np into separate cells. 
 
 In loniiitudinal se.tion the cells are fouiul to he tnliular, non-sepiale and somewhat 
 stro]ia-]y veniiicular. rather iimre so, iierhajis, tliaii in .V, Ln'^aiii. The open tracts are now 
 seen to he somewhat eloimaled lonuiludinally so I hat they he.omi' two to four times as 
 loim' as broad. The siliceous de[)osils are also seen to he continuous. ;illhou"'h emin-acinn- 
 the fractures peculiar to such foMiialioiis. These fractures are ihi' maiiv narrow, tortuous 
 lines or pores of ihe orii^inal dcs. ription ; and the deposits, as a whole, are the counti'rparts 
 of those siliceous lasls uiion w hich the description of X flir/,sii is l)ased. 
 
 The most sianilicaiil fait so far ohserved. < misists of the discovery of a distinctly 
 braiichini;' system, similar in its Livueral character to that of ,V. Luanni. though diU'eviu!? 
 from it ill sonic important ri's|.eci-. {,, ,„,e ,ase 1 found .a hraiich proJi'ctiiiL;' from 
 the side of a lan>-(> I .'ll with a di.imetei' (if ,,f .", s „ and a |eiin|h to the point where cut 
 oil. of alioui :>•") /(. Two other liraiiches near loi.;'elher wer.' each 1.(1 ": two move were 
 •2.3 /( and \X> u \ aiioiher. tl.'.i n in diamdei'. These w,M-e all 1 could lind within this 
 rani!-e of dimensions, and all, with one e\ceiMioti. were found in transverse seeticm. 
 Numerous other secondary lilanieiits may he readily observed, esiiecially in cross section, 
 and they are jound to iiave a diameter which varies l.m little IVom lo /'. Il is, therefore, 
 clear thai the laru'er cells o|' this iil.int branch into a se.'ondarv plexus as in .V. Loi^dni, 
 and as all of ili,. insiaii. cs. in w hi. h the biaiiches wer<' seen t,, emanate from the laru'er 
 iclls. occurred in iheop.'n tra.ts al)ove descrilied. it would appear that these latter serve 
 as the si>eci,il ivoions in which the braiichina' is iliecied. as in .V. Luiiniii. My mi>Hsure- 
 me Its show, however, thai the -e,,, Hilary iilameiUv (,r tliis latter plant are smaller on the 
 averaLie, much more uniform in size, and moiv numerous than in the pl.uit now under 
 consideration; ,ind this exi)lains whai is staled in lie' ori-jinal des. ription. that the cells 
 "are dcstituie ol iheii- (.V. Loi^mii) jieculiar markines." 
 
 Thesiliciljed thlckelliiios of the celK ,are seen iu 1 lie loll gl I 11(1 i 11 a 1 section to be (On- 
 
 tinuous, thouiih traversed bv occasional lissnres, the •tortuou- lines or iiores"of ihe 
 oritiinal descrii)ti(ni as pointed out above So lar. none of ihe .siicimens 1 have .'xaniined 
 show any evidence of structural maikiniis in the , ell walls, whi<'h are perfectly continuous. 
 I have. iiowe\er, Ireipienllv Holed small round bodies <if a refnetive nature and a dee]) 
 reddi.sh lirown color, suggesting- small auLn-ciialioiis of i-e>iii,,us matt.-r elsi-where referred 
 
I>K\()MIAN PLANTS. 
 
 2B 
 
 to us aKsociiitcd wiili A'. Luiidiii. 'I'lirir rxiK i naliui' iriiiiiiiis (liiiihlliil. Tlicy iiii- UMi:\lly 
 louud (li.spoM'd ill ihi' i rll in liiii'iir mtIi-- u\ Iwo Id Iwdvc or iiioi'iv 'I'licy iii'i- in ;ill rases 
 (|uil(' (listintl IVoni llir ri'il wall. I'xidii's 1)1' till' saini' kind havo also 1)ih'U .seen, tliouuli 
 less IVcijUfnlly, in \ //'i^v////, and almndanliy in .\. Hirhsii, wln-ro tiiry aic ()l)vioiisly roni- 
 poscd ol' pores. 
 
 I'roin til'' ahcivi' it is cv idiiii lliai niii iilaiii is a Neniaphytun. though it dilFer.s from 
 N. Loiiii/ii in iniporlant ri'specls. It approavlirs more nearly to ^V. Iii.nnn. hut auain dill'ers 
 i'roni it in its more (iiiiii)arl sinietuie, iireati'r unil'cnnity ol' size in its eells, and in its less 
 prominent intcrreliuiar plexus. We may. therefore, reifard it as a distinrt species for 
 \vlii( h 1 wonld retain tlu' name ci-nssinn as propeily deseiii)tive. 
 
 A revised description would ]»• as follows : — 
 
 NEMATI IPIIVTO.N' CU.\SSUM, I 'lit. 
 
 Nri)inl(i:n/I(in crdssinii. I In. 
 
 C}n»\vtli rin^-s i.'). pith and radial tracts none. The plant wholly composed of 
 thin-walled, structureless, vermi' ular and non-septate cells whiih l)ranch into a 
 secondary plexus. Open tracts frequent, and of irrenulav size, in which iheljrauch- 
 inu' cliielly occurs, ("ells of tlic medulla rather uniform and thick walled— wall 
 double — :'..') /( in diameter. Cells of the hyplial structure variahle, from - /( to 1" /( 
 in diamelei'. 
 
 Specimens fonml i>nlv in IVa'^meiils. I'lvim the Middl'' Krian ol'daspe. 
 
 ('i;i,l.I'L'>\l,YuN lMilM.i:VIi.\t, Dli. 
 
 In the course of my examinations of Nematoi)hyioii duriui"' the past two years, .vrtaiii 
 peeulitrities of structure due to alteration in the distril)iuion ol the orgauii' matter attract<'d 
 attention, and suuuested their [xissihle identity with the structure of certain fossils 
 already hrouuiit to mv notice l.y Sir Win. Dawson, under the name of Celliih.a/liui 
 l„-imiiviim. These latter have therefore been suhjected to a more eriti.al examination with 
 a view ol delermininii- if they are in reality distinct species, or mendy altered forms of 
 some other plant .\s a prclimiiiiiry to this e\aminati>>n, i may detail the peculiarities 
 of structure in Ncmaloiiliv i'>ii aliove ref.'ired lo. 
 
 Ni-:M Vl'drilYTnN'. 
 
 Ill most of the specimens of .\-nialnpiiyton .•xamined hy mc th<" tul)ular character of 
 the ceils is so perfectly pr.'served as to admit of nodouhl concerning- their correct form and 
 size. In .s.H'tion taken from very hiuhly silicilied and crystalline specimens, how.'ver, it 
 is I'mind that the inliltrated silica ha> often .s,> far replaced the oriianic matter as to leave 
 not the lainlest trace of cellular stru.turc, ami very frciiueiitly no traiv of organic nnitter. 
 In other specimens, various intermediate sia^vs of sililication are ti. he observed in which 
 both oraanic matter and cellular structure are nu)r.- or less t'onspicuous. but of an 
 obviously altered characti'r. In nuuiy case^ it has been found that the inliltration of 
 siliceousnialter. under certain conditions, has resulted in its deposition in a distinctly 
 crvstalline fum which lills the tubular cells thiou-ihout. In all such eases I have 
 
24 
 
 I'KNJFAIJ.OW OX 
 
 '•-■'""""•'"•us sul,.tun.v\vlu..l. dw . "^ '■"'''-■'■""■"t l.ya oruuulu.o.l, 
 
 •>"-.v.. ,.o,.,i,nou.s ..Pv "•'>;'""<''^ '« '"■ .lHor,„in...l ...lo„, ,1... ,i,.„, ,,• .,„„.,, 
 
 «'.u,.nuv,.n.p.v.„., in'n irJ „::;;T: ; "■"'^:';'' "'^:' "■ ""• 1-1>-' -onditi..,. or 
 ti- -•^ani,. unuu~r w,ll „,., „ i n •"""'•■•• ;^"'' -""-'■■'t J^mwih in .lu- .ry^talH. 
 
 '■'i- "i> su,.i. iK>sitio„s a > ^C'^ ;;;'""'';" -'--•■•'•-""• '>.u a. th.. ...... .i,.. .i,, 
 
 tl-n. will ahv.vsl.,. d" S i n '"n""'T ^""'""^ ^ "•"^•"•^''' '" ""• '-•--. 
 
 advan.vdi.vSir \V,„. IM,,,^.. in on. r . ''" . ' ^ '"' '■"■"• ''''' "'"'• "='« 
 
 l-''t-Uutnuu,.Inp,,.Nc^; ,; : ; ^7 "="'"^^ '-'•'--' lVoto,axit..s, ..h..n ho 
 
 ceed. iVo.„ U. .on„a,io : .::;;;, ;^ -ha ps.udo.....llula,- stru.tun. whi.h pro- 
 '■ In lossil« wood . u ^^ "'"' ' '>•''"'•'' "' ■^•'"•■•' '" 111" midst ol' th.- (issues 
 
 u™. pa.li '^t^rs; 1^: ;:rz.::"n ""^"^ r-^^^^ " - -'^^^ --• --- 
 
 »^-"..r as ,o d.vnv v.rv .v dih ,. ' "'"""'' "'•''"•"""'- ^''•y^t^l^ i» such a 
 
 o.vurs„.n,an;.i:L:t :;;:;; : '"";' ->"■■-'*-'. -^•.•itisp,..,s..ivu.hat 
 
 «''m.d.,h..,var. on,.„ lonnd lo,ali/,.d .,■;.' ""™'' ■'"■"'^'"'■" '^ l'^^'" 
 place. Fn,mia..ts brouoht to n. , '^ ," "" ^^''" '' ""'' "■^"-^'«» ^as taken 
 
 .•ondition old.vav as ^r^J^in TT "" '^ ^:' '-'-1'"- — .>■■ l.ss advan.-.d 
 > P-'-l'-M <h,. .mp,vo.„,„on hy sili,., and thus osseutial to .lu- 
 
 changes noted. 
 
 hut 'ni IZ"::::;:::::;::,:^; o.,..,. n..,.. ... ..nd ,o ,. n,.a,.ly ..linuna,ed, 
 
 destroy th. nonna, s,;:,;::! ^ X ' ;:tT rr^irr'''; ^" """"^ - ^° '-'^'-"^ 
 
 that of C.llnloxylon in all its esse^, 1 Z un. t "' '"■"''""' ''""''^'y ■'^^'■'"'•''"^ 
 
 •■'-'11.S «ele,.ted at rando.n ...,,,. •. ,„ V ' •""a.surem..nt it waslonnd (hai t.n 
 
 40 . to ... ,. '■'' " ""■"' '''■""""■•• "' ••" " -'<! - -..vm,. variation of IV.-m 
 
 hut ^hj'^M ,r pn!;:l.K'':,;';"'' "■ "':'' •;"■ •"--"■ '-"•■•• -as n.u,.h .on, abundant 
 
 Ten n..inn.n..n.rr!;u :.::::,:;; :^^^ iy.vs,.n.bi,n. <■,,„.,.., j;; 
 
 U> V40 „. -' '"'"'" '' ' "' "- " ■""1 an ..xln.,,,. variation IVon. tO ;, 
 
 X.,. ;3.-_A sirililird sp,viin,.n in wlli, 1, |1,,. l„l,n|.,r It 
 
 io>- the n.ost part th,- or.an,,- n.att.r was 1 / ' ^:;';; ■";-"-'">• '-'<>' '• " 
 
 measurements o-avo an avera-v dianict.-r of .;i P'vv.ous cases. Ten 
 
 '••^ - ^" 'his ,„.,.„.,„. , ,,:, i: ; ; : •^;' -' -•-- -'-ia-ion or iron. 10 „ to 
 •oaleseonce of two or more sn...lier "1 larger eells were obviously formed by 
 
 observed in No. 2. '""' ' ' '"■^' "'"^ ""^ '■" ' "^Phnns the unusually large one 
 
 _^^;^_^-A^^^ .n wh.eh the normal stru-ture was largely preserved, 
 
 ' -Molltll. .Mir. .lu-|„X. (ii), 70, 
 
DRVONIAN I'f.ANT.S. 
 
 23 
 
 iilitl r<)ntiiiiiin<> areas of alt.-rod nIiu.Iiuv wIi.tc tl„. tissue appeared as in llie (,tli,.r 
 upeeiriieiis. Ten measiiremeiits gavo an extreme variation ol' IVoiu .-ID /( to 70 /< ami an 
 averajre diameter ol' ."il «. 
 
 In addition to these 1 have also examined a spe. ial series of seetions taken IVonj 
 phints ill dilFerent degreoH of siliihation. In all of these, the characters al.ove noted were 
 pri'sent, hut the size of the false cells appeared to present frvfMvr variation. Il is from 
 cue of th.'se that the photo-micrograph (I'late I iiir. i) was taken. I have also noted 
 that, on the whole, the lalsi- cells are of greater si/e in those specimens where the crystal- 
 lization of the silica was carried to the hitrhest dee-ree. The same fact is apparent hy 
 comparison of the measurements in Nos. 1-4 as above stated. From this it wouldappear 
 clear to us that the des^'ree of < rystailization, and hence, the redistribution of the ori^anic 
 matter, depend upon and are direi tiy related to the previous operation, as well as the 
 exti'nl, of decay in the orv^anic structure. Therefore, the more advanced the condition of 
 decay at the time wiien silica was deposited, the larger will be the crystals and false 
 cells dependent upon them. The si<;nilicance of these facts, as bearing upon the true 
 character of C'elluloxylou, will hardly admit of question. 
 
 CELTiUIiOXVLON. 
 
 The origimil specimens from which w fre cut the sections of C'elluloxylou examined by 
 me, were obtained by 8ir \Ym. Dawson from the .ollection of Trof. H. M. Clarke, of Amherst. 
 Massachusetts having been lound in the Hamilton (ironp (Middli^ Hrian), Canandaiuua, 
 New York.' This is described as ■ \ silicilicd trunk showing in cross-sei tion large and 
 somewhat unecjual, hexagonal iflls, with an appearance of lines of growth caused by 
 coui I'litric bands of .smalh'r cells. No medullary rays. Thi' longitudinal section shows 
 either <'ells superimposed in ^■ertical rows, or a sort of bandi-d iirosenchyniatous tissue 
 l)Ut the structure i:, much masked by the crystallization of I he cinartz. 
 
 " Additional specimens received from Prof, ('larke show that the appearance of rings 
 of growth is caused by large lells disposed in loiicentric, narrow bands between the 
 wider bands of line, lil)rous tissue. In tlie longitudinal section, three bands of larue cells 
 appearto be paiciicliyniatous a. id not vascular. Tliere are no medullary rays, but rounded 
 pati lies of cellular tissue ai>pear here and there in librous layers." 
 
 The original specimens I'roiu which the sections were cut have been again examined 
 by me. With one or two exceptions, all of these pieces are so curved as to show that they 
 are parts of concentric layers about one-fourth of an inch thick. A concentric lamiiiaiion 
 in the stem, similar to that of .zV. fjiiidiii, is evident. All of the specimens are of the same 
 kind with resjiect to silicilication, and show that the alteration has been carried on to a 
 hiiih degree. The texture is linely granular and, under a lens of low power, the material 
 api>ears to be very lineiy erys'alline, (juite >iinilar to that found in large stems of iV^. 
 Li>ir(uii. where the crystalli/ation is also advanced. A certain longitudinal striation, of not 
 very pronounced <haracter, may also be detected. The absenc' of any radial markings is 
 conspicuous, as noted in the original description. Tliis, in the highly altered condition of 
 the material, does not of necessity imply their absence from the original structure. 
 
 Quart. ,1m'I. (icol.Soc, M.iy, issi, j.. ;i()L'. 
 
 Sec. IV, ISiO. 4. 
 
26 
 
 ri;MIAM.U\V ON 
 
 I. 
 
 An (•xiuniiiiitioii cf ih,. iuloiiinl slniriiuv >li„us il.al i|,,. iollowinj? .Imra.'t.'rs mv 
 .ominoii to iill til,, scvtion... Tlir Nln.rluiv is .■.mrsHy .•.•lluh.r. In iran.svi-rN.- s.-.tioii 
 til.- evils mv Viirial.l.' in siz.-, av.riiifiiin' i.l„„i( ,Vi ,, in (li:iin,.t,.r. Th.' walls aiv ik.I 
 well (l,.|inr.l and r.mtiiiiious, |,ul ;nv ..Ii-mi poorly .lrll,„.,l and ron.sisl ..fa Kn.nnlal.d 
 
 <Mrl)ona.voiissu])stan.,. wlii.lioririi l„M„,nrs invLrnlnrly hr:iii,,v,I, >,,„i.'ti s iiitnidinir 
 
 npon till" coll ravity. thoimh in inosl .uses lo, ;ili/,.,i ;,l(,im- (IcIiMJIr lin.'s. We have loniid 
 .vllsof only one kind, and aiv tlinHoiv nnahl.. lo .„,ilinn the slatomonl of ih.. oriirinal 
 description to the ..ir.vi iliMt ••ilic api.r;,ranrc of riii-rs ofi-'rowth is , ansrd i.y larir,- .ells 
 disposed in ...rnvntric, narrow Imnds h.-tuvcn th.' wi.l.M l.;in.ls of Jin.., lil.rous Ussue," 
 alth.ms'h Ironi anal.isry \vc slionld inlcr that thi> iniuhl haw h.vn liir , ;,sc in the ori-inal 
 stem. "^ 
 
 In lonjjitudinalse. li.M. the , .Us are louii.l t,, pr..>,.„t ii„. .s;,,ii,. app,.aran. .• as to th..ir 
 -.'iieral . hararterisli.H, as in the Iransv.'.se senjoii. and als., a i,ia,k..l siniil.irily in size— 
 measuring al.out .^u „ i,, diam..t,.v TIhmv is, how.wr, a nior.. or l.'ss mark..! t..n,l,.n.y, as 
 noted in th.- ori-inal d.-scription, lor th,- .vlls to Fall iiMo lon-.itu.linal rows whi.h follow 
 asonn^whal veruu, iilar .■ours,-. This is most .•on.pi, uous un.l,.r a l..w pow.-r, although 
 to he observed, in many ease.s, under a ,'. oi)iiM ti\ c 
 
 My ui.asmvin..nts show that, as .hi.Muiinr.l Iru,,, ,v||s takm al random, Ih,. av.ia-.v 
 su.. in inniswrs,. s,..ti,„i i> is /,, il... ran-.. iM^iiin Inmi In /H.. T" ". In lon-ilmlin' I 
 .s.vlion, 11... >;,.,„• mn,.lM.r,,t„n.,Muvm..nl>.Jv,.;m av.r;,.^,. o| .-, | „, ,.,,,.1 a., .xiiv,,,.. ran-v 
 h..|wi..'ii !!ii /( ami To ;,. 
 
 Th.'s,. liMis, lak..ninr,,i,M..ii..n wiih il,.. .-imihniiv h.ivn,,i...l l.,.| w...'ii this plan! ami 
 -\emat..phyton in ..-rlaiii . n,„liii,,us I-m.I l.. ll... .•...mIum.mi ih:,i ii is onlv a l,i..|,lv ali,.r...l 
 '""•luioM ofthis laii,.r. This vi..w .s also .Mippo,,..,! l,v ih.. opnn.m ..xpn^ss,.,! .s,,",,,. lum. 
 sm.v I.y Sir A\m. Dawson that '• C'..llul..\loii is allir.l |,, l'r,.i..taxit..s," ' 
 
 Furtli..rmoiv, whil,. i( is-piii- possil,!,. that this mav li.av.- 1 n a .lisiin,.t sp,.,-i..s 
 
 uhi,]i I li.iv,. m, pns.iii im.aiisor proviii- ih.. f,,, i ihai i nirs „, ,1„. Mi.j.ll,. K,i,,„ 
 
 'iH.i n..t m .1,,. lower h.,ri/.m. wh..re alo,.,. N. L.^v.i has I,,,.,, LmiihI. ,.,|„.r with 
 
 l""'-'"'"y >I"" >l'" 'a.lial op,.nii..>..r.V. /.,.„„/ ^s,.,..,,„pr..s..nt..,l li..re l.v s,atl,.,v,l „|„.„ 
 aivas ol small si/c as in K ,rass>nn. uouKi |,.a.| .„.„ ,„ ,,.|;.r it, lor ih,. pn's.-Mi al l.aM i,. 
 
 the lallcr s]ir,'i(!S. 
 
 .\i;\I \T.i\\ I..1.N IKM K, l)„. 
 
 '^''''••^ !•' \^''- '"-i-imilly .|,s. rih,..! l,y Sir \Vn, l),,ws,,n. a> lo||,,w- - 
 
 ••Sl..nd..rs|,.m> with thi.k, ,-oaly hark an.l u 1> HImvs of mu,h small,.- diam,.|,.r 
 
 ":'" '" ""' ''■'■^' ^l'"'-"'^ '^V. rn,s.>u,n nw\ mark, -I wuh minui,- ,1,„>. ' j,, ,„„n,.,i i,,,, with 
 this ,,, was also Ma„.,l ,ha, - ,1,,. >,,.,„< or,!,,, sp,.,-,,. a,v .,„all. ,„„ ,.x,..,.,|in.- halfaii ,n,h 
 
 ..I d,am..|..r, hut an. ,li>,in,,|y >u,tou.,.I,..| I.y a ,|,i,k. shin.,,,, ,.„alv l.ark, Tl„. w 1 is 
 
 '"''■'.'"V""' ''''""'■' "" '"■ ■"■•■''■'■'ly '"' ^•'■"'-is I, „■„ |,„ ,|„„,,,.,, „-,his 
 
 s|..-i-s l,a. any r,.al alliniiy unh ,|„. last (,V. rms^.n,). l.ui I Im-v " -.rivsp,,,,.! in th,.ir 
 
 n-ativ,. , l,ara,t,.rs, ami h..th api„.ar to i,,,],,,.!,. ,h,. ,.xisl, .,„•,. ..r,-,.,^.,,, w Iv plants ..f 
 
 siiigulaiJy simple and homoo-,.m.ous sirn.tmv." 
 
 ' Ut.„l.>j.'. Siirv. ,.f Ciina.la, l-,.,ssil I'ljuils, iiait ii, p. li.'(i. 
 '(^tiart. .Iii'l. Ui',,). S,,c., N,,v. 1m;;;, -H;:. 
 
IHVuMAN PLANTS. 
 
 27 
 
 My lirxl i'xaiiiiii;itiiiii oT >,'.iiniis uf lliis |.l:iiil, ,>li<>\vi'tl thnf I liiitl to tl'iil witli a 
 Nliii.lun- i.r hiiii li line 1 .juiillly tliiiii loiiihl ill :iii\ ul' till' NiHci.s 1)1' Ni'malDphylon, Mini I 
 \vii> III lii'st Ir.l Id niii.si.l. r llial il iiii-lil I." a |>laiii ol vvy iliU'civiit lyiif. riioii rUwr 
 
 iii>|MTliiiii, Imwi'S ir, ijns 
 
 i.(|inriil iiii|Mii'iaiil iiiiKJilicaliciii ami, as \\ il 
 
 M'I'll It'dlll 
 
 the lulliiwiiiL;' (li'Mi i|iliiiii. il imw -nMii,- iin 
 
 ■ I pn 
 
 ili|<' ihal Wf lia\.' I<> ileal willi all 
 
 urual 
 
 lislii wliiili, il IK'I iiViicriralU ivjalcl, i^ al i>a-l aill.'.l In N.iiialo|.liyt(Hi I lilniiiili lin 
 
 ■Ihlal rliala. liT ul' \\> sf i n, | ill' 
 
 'I'lir s|>r,iiii>'ii> rxaiiiinnl i.\ iiii' ai.' all >h wiial iii-jlily rvysi a lliiic and llir >ini. tuiv 
 
 htlH. ill I'MllseljIli'llcc. .>uiri li'il imiMillalll MM 
 
 ilili> aliolls wllirll, allimlliill lili' nvllcial Innii 
 
 1111(1 iHsiK.siliuii , pf 111, • <,'il> rail sllll Im' 1iim(I<' niil, liaVi' I''lli|c-<1 In nlix uiv llli' hsi I'llcl lliv 
 uiitl ivii,|,T .i.'lails (lillinill or«li't<'niiiiialinii, Tln^ iiialniai is also, in rniisi'(|urii.v ol' its 
 
 clVsIa 
 
 lliiir rliaiailrr, vciv lrial.l,\ ami lliis lias .siTJnii.sly iiitrijriv.l willi sriiiriii 
 
 "• snl InllS 
 
 il' slllliri'lll lllillllrss In lllak<> a I'lnsr rxaUlillal inll pnssl 
 
 I.I' 
 
 ill I I'alisVi'i'tii' si'illnil 
 
 (lie stnirllirc is rnlinil In (•nl|>isl nlslliaU ami c'lnsrly cnlllliactcd 
 
 ,) — 11„. tissui' bi'illii- sn (l.'llsr a- In lUaUi' 111'' mill lUUnlls rr||> ■,\\>\ti-.\ 
 
 ill llin.oj illlliuali' 
 
 ■nlllar 
 
 Ills rciallnli IS iM-nha 
 
 lilv 111'' ivsllll "I' all'Talinll 
 
 111(1 iml thai \vlii<li fxislcl ill 
 
 (lie n'mwiiiii- plaiil, sill 
 phyton, w 
 
 lis aiv rniiiul at iiiti'ivals \vlii<h aii' as i 
 
 lislimt as in Ncnialo- 
 
 liil,' il is alsn vvid.'iil IVniii 111'' nldiqu" wlinii nl' miiny, llial tli.'y w.iv not all 
 
 paralli'l In tlic axis nf 'jrnwlli. 
 
 Till' r.ll walls aiv lliill. and it is aUo a 
 
 I'acl njsniii'' int'ivst. in this coiiin'i'lioii, Unit 
 
 the tissue plcsi'llts a 
 
 liiinsi llli' i'XacI ai>pi'araii''' of ill'' inliMvllulai' stnn'tiin' sfi'i 
 
 I 111 ClilSS 
 
 ■linns nl' iV. Loiiiuii, with r.'li'nii.'' In si/t 
 
 llli 
 
 IK Ili'SS i 
 
 if llli' walls. Ociasinllallv, snimwlial 
 
 uiii aliil ijrmTal ilispnsilinli "f di'' f 'Us anil 
 lim'ar liii'ls aii' rniiiid. within whi'li th'' 
 
 dls I'nllnW a dilVilinll I I'a llsVi'VSC In 1 
 
 hf axis (if liMiwlh 
 
 Scalli'l''<l ihroUU'h tll.' i.| ll'Twis'' linliin'i''n''nUS ll.-sll'' a 
 
 I ralli''!' Willi' iiit'Tvals, an' 
 
 I'rhlliVi'lv lal'Ui', rnlindril nl' nsal n) 
 
 1 nl' n\ al nprllill'JS. 
 
 Tl 
 
 ■-n lar as lan in' in 
 
 '11 
 
 ri'lls sill 
 
 ti'iiniiii'd at pii'siiit, 
 
 ill, iini' all' llii'ii' any sun'ouiidini>' 
 
 has fniiii till' i-i'siii pa.ssa-i's nf iimdriii plaiils. Thry iiii'asui'.' lO-l.'l.:. -/in 
 
 11' tn III' vtrmiui' 
 
 l''>,-, i.i'. lli'T'' i- nil si'pai'atr W 
 
 diiinicti'i' and tluir ini 
 
 ■I' siLi-niliraiiri' is al pri'siiil a iiiatti 
 
 r nf ilouht, althnllti'h 111!' ill- 
 
 VMi'iabli' pi'i'S'ii' ' in ili''in i>\ hi 
 
 n-hlv I ivsialliiii' siliia sim'u'i'sts lliat liiry may 
 
 have hern 
 
 rallsi'd hv im'rhalliial si'pal'al mil n 
 
 Ivuits ai'i' alsn tl 
 
 1 he M'I'll 
 
 f till' suvrniindiiii:- "'Ms. Small ami ii'icuular oin'ii 
 llhiumh iiiiu'h smaller. In llmsr in N. 
 
 11 in ihi' tissiir, similar, a 
 
 eras a mil. 
 
 Ill Iniiu'itiiilimil si'.tinii 111'' i-'lls ^11' 
 
 mild to III' distim-llv 
 
 Iv \ riiniriilai'. and althniiLili 
 
 llli' nmrr rnmiia.l iia 
 N. Loiidin or A', cniasinii 
 
 (lllr III llli- Sirmillli' li'llds In n 
 
 iidrr thi'iii li'ss simmus ihaii in I'ltln'i' 
 
 , yi'l ill" [n'riiliar way in W 
 
 hii'h ihi' ri'lIs inti'vlaiT and snmriii 
 
 lu'V vrry ahniptlv. IraVi's iii> I'iHim fnr dniihi uimn this pmiit. !• uviln'rmni'i 
 
 nil' aiinll 
 
 ihr I'i'lls ai'i' nmi-si'plal'' am 
 
 I ill diamil''r ai'.' tnli-rahly iinifnrm, im'asuv 
 
 11111' •> 
 
 -8/(. li 
 
 llus 
 
 latli'r Wr auaill nnliri' a rlirinU> 
 
 A. Limiiiii iiti 
 
 il N. (■(•f,'.-'.N'"W, illld alsi 
 
 )f A'. Iiixiim. 
 
 ti'i-ri'llulav slrui'tni'i' of ln'th 
 Tn A'. /,,ii,'v////llii' lilami'iits show a variatimi 
 
 rcscnihhiiiii' tn liir in 
 
 ill si/i' raiii;'iiiti' •>•< 
 
 1.7 -S.'.l I,. In A. lii.nnn tin' rnvn'spnl 
 
 idini;' siruciuri's raiigi' 
 
 ?, - It 
 
 d ill A', inissiiiii 
 
 ri'ii'ariliil 
 
 as I'ssi'ii 
 
 I- in /(, sn that till' ri'l 
 
 liallv "f ihi' .-anil' sizi' 
 
 that till' si'ininliiry lilammts cnii 
 
 -titiiti 
 
 f ihi' iiiiilulla in this plant may he fairly 
 Mnroovi'r, in A'. Iiuum. it fri'ijucntly luii>pi'iis 
 Ihr iinlv slrui'tiir,' within fairly hii'u'i' areas, 
 
 am 
 
 I in suih cases lliesi' eells an 
 
 •iii'rally fniiml !'> n 
 
 111 
 
 parallel I" the axis nf iilnWth 
 
28 
 
 PENIIAI.I.OW ON 
 
 l"Mo|lu,i,,Kil Mrurlun.„ril„.i,;.||„ n,„v ui.clrr rul,si,l,.nitio„. 
 
 • in' lumuhd niM.lulli--.-. . .!,>,. IVcd 111 lrallvV,TsrN,rll,,|l ■M,. Ii,.v,. s,.,.„ , I 
 
 sn,.,, a,. ..p^ i<w„hi,.,.„,.j;::: 
 
 p.'lllt, 
 
 Th,. •■iii„„.(,..,,,ts ■.,ii,l,„,,,li ua.ls. ,.,.|,.,.n.di,,i, 
 ,),. ri'L;,!,..,.'.! as lia\ iiii;' an 
 \vli.i,lv s, 
 
 ' '^1'' "i-iiiiiial i,..>.|.ii)tion, .aimot 
 ':'";.''''?'' ^'-."i'-^""'^'' =""1 w,. l.av,. .„ ,a,- Il,„„,l i|,„ avails t- 
 
 "•; wl-lly s„.,..n.,.,.l,.s. Many ..it,.. ....lis >,.... i,-,.,.,.,|a,.ly „.„„.,. . , " ," " 
 
 V ""■'•^ "''"'■'■ ""^'^"■•■'"^'i"'-ll.oin(.s, ^vi,h ...,„.;,,..,a,,l,. r.„..... „. a., .,|li„i,v wi,h 
 
 Gknus.— \i' MAT* t I'll VT( )\. /h, 
 
 4S}: X,,\., IMIJ. -'W^ ;;n7, ;;^,; . x,,v.. |x,;;; 
 
 . liiii, 4il7 
 
 I. i-2: May,1s>:i. ,04: (;,„l,... Sun . „r ( ai, , Lc 4„,.',s7,' 
 
 ■.ranxai.y... vi., TV,, T:,:,x,,,,..,,vn. n.; ,,,;,,;,,,, 
 
 'v'uaii, Jul. (i,.|,j,,o'. ,s;,„- XV, ts) 
 May, jval. :iiij ; \^^.^. ^^^^ ^^. 
 
 |i; all., l2(l ; i>s_). 1 1, ;,7 ii 
 
 Ma'r. Xai. IIi>i. .",. IX .-,o- M >• i,, i iii, , , , 
 
 -'i-'-". .Ml I. \ II 1, jiai . \ 11 ; -'.IS • V ; s-' ■ II,, ,, I -I ,1 • 
 
 '^'"^'■'^■-"^ r.-,.,-. An,,.,.. \... \,|,.s,.i ,8,-,,; "■'" • '"'-^ >'"•• 
 '';"/'" """""■'■ ^"""-- -i 1 "' un,,„„„.,|. ,„„.,,,:„, .,,„,;„,•.!,. 
 
 i. — X I.Mi.v.N,. /I,,, 
 
 I'niltihi.iids Ldi'aiii. l»i,. 
 ^' "iiiiiiiihi/ciis [.■i<^,iiii, i'\[vr. 
 
 S„.,„,|,.„„ „,,,,, ,., „, ,„„,. I,,,.,,, „,,;,,, ,i,„„| ^ 
 
 ; r,:;;-:;7r" '""■■"":" '"'- -■■""-.'.'■■ i.-!, ,,^,: : 
 
 <",.||- ,,rili.. i,i,-,|iill:, il,i,-k uall,.,! !.;. :■:, ., ;,, ,r , - 
 ■'--"-.''■■'I .""I in(,i',iL'- 11,1,, I ,,. |.,-i,li;i| s|, .„.,.. II ,,,, , , 
 
 ;::::;:;!;'."■';';■"•■■"■,' r "■■": ■— "- -'.it , „.'„,;,;,! 
 
 '"'■'Iillla ,ll,,i I,, -I, I ;, , JM.riv 
 
 \V,".,.|. nil, I,.,. Mill:, |. |,|,.xi|^ 
 
I)E\0N[AN I'l.ANTS. 
 
 29 
 
 Lower Kriiin of (iiispis Hiliiriaii (I'lipiT Lmllow) of Kiiii'liuul : .•iinl Silui'i;iu 
 (('itlii' lioii Ami) of \ u lininsw ilk {Dair^iii). 
 
 2.— \. i.liCKSii, Dn. 
 
 Pnilotii.ii/rs Iliilisii, Dii. 
 Ncmatojilii/nis Ilirl^sii, \'A\\. 
 
 Cells of tllr ini'dllll:!, Ili - '22 /(in (liillilclrr, iliul oOiurwluil roinpilct. Hypliiil 
 
 lilami'iits, 1-1.5/' in (liauii'lrr, ' foriiiiiiu- n ratluT less iiroiniiicnt plexus tiuni in 
 N. Loaani. ciln'i'wise (he same. 
 
 Specimens oeeurriiiLi- Duly ill small iraeuienls and the siniclure represented 
 wholly hy silii'eous easls, with oeeasionally adherent IVagmeiit.s of carbouaeoous 
 matter. 
 
 Denliiu-hshire Grit (Silurian) of Wales {Hicks). 
 
 ^. — N. CI! ASSTM. Ft://. 
 
 Nemalo.ri/lon -■russiim, Dn. 
 Ccllu/o.a/hiii /iriiiKcviim, Dn. 
 
 I'!adial traei> noui' ; oi>en traits iVeijUent, small and of irr(>gular form and siz(\ 
 
 Cells of the medulla ihiek-\\ ailed, showinu' two hiyers, and rather uniform. 
 
 8,") /(in diameter. Cells (d' the hyphal slructun' variable. 2-10 ;/in diameter. 
 
 1 1 ielil\ er\ str.lline foiwiis otVn show a replarenu'iit of the normal rells by a pseudo- 
 
 <('llu!ar struelure (Celluloxylon). 
 
 Specimens found only in fragments. Miildle luian of Gaspu (/)V//), iramilton 
 Group (Middle Erian) of New York (Clarke). 
 
 4. — N. r..\\u\(, I'm. 
 
 Coiieen(rie layers and radial opiMiinn's. none. Cells of (he medulla, !•") - :!1 /'in 
 diameter, ihick-walled, remo(e and iManehiiiu;' into hyphal lilaments, 3-!) // in 
 diameii 1-, \\ hieh form a eompae( network eonsiituling the u'reaier part of the strue- 
 lure, Nvlii<b is thus rendered vi'ry loosi' aiul s[)on<iy. 
 
 l.oWei- Kriall of (iasjie (/)(/(/•.<()«), 
 
 ■">.— N 'CK.NUI'., Piti. 
 
 .Xniiiiln I liltni /rniir, Dn. 
 
 Cdiireiitri, iiiiL:> and radial traets, none; open trae(s vimill. irreii'ular and fre- 
 (jUeiil. Still' luie deii.M'. and (raversed at illlei'vals bv t llbllla r openillU's ln - 14 /( in 
 diall'eti'l'. 
 
 {'■•lU of the medulla. I hi 11- Walled. . l(,,-,i'|\ approximated and •") - S // in diameter. 
 ('.■11- o|' the hyplnd ,^l iiieture I /( + . St rue(uie hiuhU'iA .sialline and friable. Stems 
 .-mall anil in\e.-(e<| by a (liiekisii layer of eoal. 
 
 Lower Krian of G.aspe {lull}. 
 
 ' Tlii..MM ni.':i-nri.|iii.|ils rdi'i ciily In ihr silii I'nus .msI.-:, miuI are. llnTrl'Mrc, imt stiiilly iiprii|i;iialilc' u illi llmso 
 fur 111 her sf.pi , 
 
80 
 
 1'i;\ll.\T,F.()\V ()\ I>i:V()NIAN I'I,A\'rs. 
 
 PKscKiri'iKN OK 1m(;iii;i> 
 
 I'l.ATK I. 
 
 Yv.. l.-.V. 
 
 'Uiii,j,liiiloii /,'i;/'nii.— 'I'nin^vcisd sei'iioii, showinj,' ruinci.sioii i,r il 
 
 striirlnrc lliioii^'li cnsliilli/.Aliiiii. TakiMi from a .s|H'ciiiii'ii alsu .slmwiiig luirinal stnut 
 I'lc. •-'. — \, III iltijiliiil.iii criix.iiiiii I ,' ).— 'rratisv(\rs(! st'ciicm .sliowiii'' effei'ls (ifcr*'-''''!'-''''!"" 
 
 iKiriiLil iiilo a psoiiilii-cullubr 
 
 l.-)4. 
 
 Via :i.— .V, »i(i/nj)/,v/i 
 
 154. 
 
 'jiliiildii era 
 sinictiirt'. X lo-l. 
 
 ■•^miiii (.').— l,(iiii.'ilii.liiuil sci'tiiiii si 
 
 uiwiiij; Iciiili'iicy nl' ndse cells tn lollim lines of 
 
 nuriiuil 
 
 Kii.. \.~.\nifi/i,iilii/l,i)i id.v-i///.— I,..ii?.'itii.liii:il sod inn dC n.ivnial slnirliiri' sIkiu in;; tin 
 
 tlio cells (iCiIk' ineiliilla. IM. 
 
 l''i(;s. 5 tV: II.— Transverse and lunjjiliiilinal .seclioiis uf Xmuil' 
 
 'ii.l:iry lilanient.N 
 
 •rcwsMiK 
 
 'liiililiiii ii;ii.fiiiii. Normal, x i:i.|. 
 
 Imo. \. — .\.muliijiliiil<iii Illik:-< 
 
 l-iii. •-'.— .V iiialiijihiitiiii liinii.— I. i>i\'X\tth\U\t\\ section, sin 
 tuliulur oiieninj.'s is .soen in the centre, x 3(lli. 
 
 I'l.ATK II. 
 
 ■^linwinj.' silicenns casts with carlionaceons IVa'-'iiienls adherent to tlu 
 
 iiiii; L'eneral cliaraiter of ilie strnct 
 
 m. >• L'lO. 
 nre. One of the lar" 
 
■ullula 
 
 nuriiml 
 
 'ri«,siii(; 
 
 •J 1(1.