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REPORT

On tbh

ANTHKACITE COAL MINES

-«■'-

BANFF STATION, CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY,

DISTRICT OF AJ.BERtA,

i"*'

North-West territory of Canada.

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FOR PRIVATE CIRCULATION.

REPORT

ON THB

ANTHRACITE COAL MINES

BANFF STATION, CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY,

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DISTRICT OF ALBERTA,

NORTH-WEST TERRITORY OF CANADA.

Ottawa :
PRINTED BY MACLEAN, ROGER & CO., WELLINGTON STREET.

1885.

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REPORT

ON TIIK

ANTHRACITE COAL MINES AT BANFF STATION,

CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY,
NORTH-WEST TERRITORY OF CANADA.

^McLeod Stewart, Esq.,

Union Chambers,

Ottawa, Out.

Dear Sir,
I The following pages present a condensed description of the recently

discovered Anthracite Coal field in the vicinity of Cascade Mountain, 15

miles west of Calgary, in the Province of Alberta, on the line of the
-,^ Canadian Pacific Railway. The two diagrams show the thickness of the

anthracite coal strata, its position and proximity to the track of the
*tCanadian Pacific Railway.

The plat represents the anthracite coal lands, with lines of outcrops.
iThese lands, 1,3G0 acres, were selected after careful examination, and con-
jtain all the available and valuable anthracite of this remarkable deposit.

The accompanying letters of analyses and testimonials of eminent
chemists and engineers, fully corroborate my statements of the great value
lof this new field of anthracite.

e Respectfully submitted.

} C. D. WILBER,

Inspector of Mines and Mining Lands.
Sherman House,
Chicago, Ills.
The foregoing plat represents the land traversed by the anthracite coal
Istrata in the order of their occurence, A, B, C, and also their relation to the
|route of the Canadian Pacific Railway, which passes within a few rods of

"t-imWjKiagf^^i

the Hughes shaft, now open. Side tracks can be easily made to the level of
the creek below the shaft.

The two sketches, " A " and " B," are three miles apart, and are con-
nected by the visible outcrop of sandstone, 10 to 15 feet in thickness, which
is everywhere the permanent roof-rock of this seam of coal. It is the out-
crop of this sandstone rock which has determined the course of the seam of
coal through the property that has been taken up by yourself and asso-
ciates. Hence you will see the tests that have been suggested are merely
excavations or drillings through the sandstone rock at tiny place near the
outcrop at right angles to the dip of the coal seam which, as before stated,
is 30 degrees. The drawing marked "A" at Melvin's Cabin is farthest
from the railroad, and is quite difficult of access on accoi^nt of high water,
but as the coal was first discovered here, so it was natural in this place to
commence mining operations.

About 600 tons have been taken out at this point, enough to settle the
permanence of the vein of coal, and sufficient in quantity to prove its
quality and value.

My examination of the several tracts of land described in the accom-
panying plats, occupied portions of July and August of the year 1884.

During the survey I found that the anthracite seam or vein had been
correctly reported by Dr. Geo. M. Dawson, Assistant Director Geological
Survey, as regards thickness and quality. It measures at the farther open-
ing, 4 feet and 8 inches in thickness, having increased] from its outcrop to
this width, from 4 feet. It is 5 feet and 2 inches in thickness at the Black
Diamond or Hughes Mine, nearly three miles distant. This stratum of
anthracite may be therefore regarded as having 5 feet in average thickness,
with but little, if any, variation.

It does not lie horizontal, like the coal seams in an undisturbed region,
but is inclined toward the south-west at an angle of thirty degrees. The
line of outcrop from the Cascade Mine to the Hughes Mine is a perfectly
straight line, as seen at intervals of a few rods, in the projection or outcrop of
sandstone from 30 to 50 feet i'^ thickness, which everywhere forms the cover
or roof of the anthracite sean.

There is no question whatever in regard to the rank or class of this
seam of coal. It is a vein or stratum of anthracite. It was in ages past a
cretaceous coal seam, which has been altered or changed into anthracite by

■

.. ii

the action of the same or similar forces which, in Pennsylvania, — the Lehigh
and Scranton and Lakawana district?, — have changed that ancient bitumi-
nous field into anthracite, as we now find it.

I have made a careful estimate of the amount of anthracite within easy
mining distance on the stratum from A to A. This estimate is based iipon
the customary unit meas\;re, viz : one cubic yard is equal to one ton of coal.
In this anthracite stratum there are 3 miles in length of an average 5 feet
seam or stratum, with an incline of 30 degrees, everywhere accompanied
with good roof and bottom.

From a simple calculation it will bo seen that every 3 feet of the stratum
will give 7,392 tons ; and 300 feet will give 100 times as much, or 739,000
Ions. A depth of 100 feet more will give one-third more, or 985,000 tons.
At a trifle over 400 feet of, depth, therefore, there are 1,000,000 tons of
anthracite coal. There can be no doubt of the great value of this deposit
of coal.

It will yield a constantly increasing revenue to its owners from its
customers, 1,000 miles distant.

In addition to this well defined coal seam, 3 miles in length, with an
average of 5 feet in thickness, are two other, or additional, anthracite strata
or seams, located upon this property. They are marked upon the accom-
panying plat, " B" and " C " respectively. Anthracite strata "B" has an
outcrop of 6 feet in thickness. The outcrop at " C " is over 7 feet in
thickness.

These outcrops are a fourth of one mile apart, downward or southwest
from the well defined seam above described. They also run parallel with
it ; they have also a similar covering, or roof-rock, of sandstone, and have
all the appearance of reliable strata of anthracite coal, and are traced upon
the map from the respective outcrops, " B '' & " C," in the same direction.
Theje larger strata or veins of anthracite will, of course, yield a much
larger tonnage than the 5 feet vein or seam already described. Taking the
three veins into consideration, and applying the same measures to them as
are used in measxxring anthracite coal seams in the Lehigh and Lackawana
regions, it is a lair judgment, that this property has already in sight from
five millions to ten millions of good anthracite coal.

In making the above estimate, we have not considered a depth greater
than 400 feet, while it is common for the anthracite of Pennsylvania to be

mint'd at a depth of a 1,000 feet ; in short, there ore no limits to profitable
milling in this direction. The extra steam required to hoist a hundred
thousand tons of coal 400 feet, can, with a very trilling addition of force or
cost, hoist the same amount bOO feet, or even 1,000 feet. The vast amount
of anthracite coal comprised in this locality forms a reliable basis for one
of the largest anthracite collieries in America, and will insure a large
return for many years upon the par value of its capital stock.

The cost of raining anthracite at the Cascade Mines, including all
expense of keeping the mines in good order, including the delivery upon
the railway side track, will not exceed ^1.50 per ton. The price of
anthracite in Winnipeg is from sjilii to S14 per ton. It is not probable that
competition will reduce it below .$11 per ton, because all other anthracite
coal in the Winnipeg market must come from Eastern Pennsylvania and
bear the cost of nearly 2,000 miles of transit, breaking bulk twice, at BuQalo
and Port Arthur. If sent by continuous rail from Pennsylvania, via
Chicago and St. Paul to Winnipeg, the cost will be still greater, so that the
permanent price of anthracite conl at Winnipeg may bo placed at an
average oi $13 per ton. The City of Winnipeg now contains iiO,000 in-
habitants, and may be relied upon as a steady annual market for from 10,000
to 15,000 tons of anthracite.

The leading towns west of AVinnipeg, viz : Portage La Prairie, Brandon,
Eegina, Broadview, Moosejaw, Maple Creek, Medicine Hat, &c., &c., &c.,
already comprising several thousand inhabitants, can also be relied upon
as a market for many thousands of anthracite coal per year. Calgary, the
enterprising Capital town of Alberta, will also afford a large market for
this coal. Add to this the hundred smaller towns and stations between
Winnipeg on the east, and the Cascade Anthracite Mines on the west
including railroad section towns, railway offices, eating houses, &c., we shall
find the demand for anthracite largely increased. This annual tonnage Oi out-
put of anthracite will be greatly augmented on the extension of the Cana-
dian Pacific Railroad to the Pacific Ocean at Port Moody, distance 500
miles from the Cascade Mines. Still another demand, not less in import-
ance and constantly increasing, will be the supply of anthracite lor the
farming population that are now rapidly occupying the vast region of
country adjacent to, and supplied from the Canadian Pacific Railway.

The rate of immigration and occupation will increase in a very rapid
ratio now that the resources of this vast domain are being known and

appn.'ciated, and a<lvortised to the millions who are preparing to make
homes in the now North West.

It is proper her- to state, in regard to the service, or economy of
anthracite coal, that one ton of Cascade anthracite will do twice as much
work, or in other words, give out twice as much heat, as a ton of the
common lignite, or cretaceous coal of the plains.

This fact can be ascertained by direct experiment in the same manner
as we ascertain that a ton of this anthracite is equal to three cords of wood.
As soon as these facts become generally known there will be greatly increased
demands for the Cascade anthracite over all other coals of the North-West,
based upon economy, to say nothing of the special advantages of having a
clean, smokeless fuel. The Cascade anthracite coal will be distributed
westward along the extension of the Canadian Pacific Railway to the
Pacific Coast, a distance not exceeding 503 miles.

With uniform rates, this anthracite will be in great demand in the
larger towns of British Columbia, namely, Victoria, now a city of 10,000
inhabitants, Vancouver, the new terminal city of the Canadian Pacific
Railway, to say nothing of the ordinary railway stations. It is 489 miles
from the Cascade Mines to the Northern Pacific R. R. by the Canadian
Pacific R. R. and the Columbia River.

It should be here noted that the war steamers of both the Royal and
American Navies use anthracite coal, which can be provided on the Pacific
coast at the terminus of the C P. Kailway.

Anthracite coal is now sold in Victoria for $20 per ton. The demand
for anthracite will rapidly increase with the supply, especially at such
reduced rates as can be afforded from the Cascade Mines. At $12 per ton
or even $15 per ton, 50,000 tons of anthracite from these mines would
annually be sold for consumption in the towns of the Pacific coast. There
being no other large deposit of anthracite coal either in the w^est or north-
west, the Cascade anthracite will also find a large market in San Francisco-

The small patch of semi-anthracite in Colorado at Crested Butte, on
the Denver and Rio Grand Railway, readily finds market for 50,000 tons
annually, both in Salt Lake City and Denver, selling for -SIO per ton, or
twice the price per ton of best bituminous coal.

The freight charges on anthracite coal, neirly 3,000 miles to San

Francisco from IVnnsyUauia, can he modified l)y water tmnsportatioii in
ships around Cape Horn. The Cascade anthracite on the other hand, can
be put into the hold of ships or steamers for San Frajiciico and other Pacific
seaport cities at the Pacific terminus, 500 miles Irom the mines. The
fortunate or advantageous situation or location of this vast body of anthra-
cite, so far I'rom competition, 2,500 miles from the Pennsylvania anthracite,
will permit a constant profit over and abr)ve all expenses, of nearly $5 per
ton.

In a recent interview with Dr. Geo. M. Dawson. Canadian Geological
Survey, he stated to me that his researches in Alberta and British
Columbia, for the year 1884, still more strongly confirmed his position in
the letter accompanying this report, namely, that this is the main body of
anthracite in the North- West.

I have not considered the railway use of anthracite for locomotives,
but I have no doubt that it will ba us.hI on all engines of the Canadian
Picific Railway west of Winnipeg, as soon as the fire-boxes or furnaces can
be adapted to its use. The railroad economy of burning anthracite coal
has already been sufiiciiuitly demonstrated. The amount of anthracite coal
necessary to supply the locomotives for 1,300 miles, with an increasing
traffic, it is not difficult to estimate, because each locomotive consumes from
4 to 5 tons of coal per day.

Taking the foregoing facts into consideration, the annual output of the
Cascade anthracite coal mines, after the completion ot the Canadian Pacific
Railway, can be safely relied upon, from 100,000 to 150,000 tons per annum.
This annual demand will constantly enlarge with the settlement and growth
of the country, until the mining and distribution of anthracite coal from
the mines will constitute the leading mining interests of the North- West.

C. D. WILDER,
Inspector of Mines and Minins: Lamh,

)

A-,

LETTERS OF GEO. M. DAWSON, L.L.I)., F.O.S., ASSISTANT
DIRECTOR GEOLOGICAL SDRvEr.

Geolooical and Natural History Survey of Canada,
MusET'M AND Office Si .^jirx St.,

Ottawa, 23rd April, 1884.

McLeod Stewart, Esq.,

Ottawa, Ont.

Dear Sir, — Referring to our conversation of yesterday in regard to
the Cascade coal district. Bow River Pass, I may say that this locality was
examined by me last autumn ; but as its investigation is as yet incomplete,
it has not been described in published reports.

The coal bearing rocks here form a trough of about two miles in
width, and occupy a valley which is bounded at the sides by the older
limestone strata, of which the mountains in this vicinity are composed.
The coal bearing rocks lie at high angles. As a consequence of the disturb-
ance which they have undergone, the coal has assumed the character of
anthracite of excellent quality. The seam had been uncovered at the
point on the bank of Cascade River by C. W. Moberly, C. E.. at the time
■of my visit.

It showed there a little less than 5 feet thickness of clear coal and
dipped S. 85degrees W. at an angle of 35 degrees, while the strike of the
rocks in all this part of the district is extremely uniform.

As a general result of the preliminary examination of this coal district,
I may state that I have little doubt that it possesses considerable impor-
tance, and its situation on the main line of the Canadian Pacific Railway is
very favorable to its development. So far as yet known it is the only
deposit of anthracite coal in any part of the North- West.

There is no probability of coal of this kind being found on the great
plains, and though additional areas resembling this one may yet be found
in the mountains, special means of transport would have to be provided
before these could be utilized.

The analysis, of which I understand Mr. Hoffman has furnished you
with a copy, is that of a specimen collected by me at the opening above
refen-ed to, and selected to represent the average quality of the seam as it
occurs at that place.

Yours very truly,

GEO. M. DAWSON.

Ottawa, Ont., Gth November, 1884.

McLeod Stewart, Esq.,
Ottawa.

Dear Sir,— Since the date of your letter, 28rd of April, I have had
occasion to more fully examine the anthracite deposits of Cascade River,
and a rejiort on them will shortly be prepared for publication.

The further investigation of these deposits has served to confirm the
statements made in my previous letter and to strengthen my belief in the
value of the coal.

The shaft which has been sunk to a small depth on the seam on the
Black Diamond Company's land (over two miles from the Cascade Com-
pany's opening) shows excellent coal ; and on account of the vicinity of the
railway and regiilarity of the measures, appears to be in a position well
adapted for immediate working.

Yours truly,

GEO. M. DAWSON.

LETTER FROM EDWARD JACK, C. E.

Ottawa, April 24, 1885.

McLeod Stewart, Esq.,

Union Chambers.

Sir, — The anthracite from the Cascade mine near the line of the Canadian
Pacific Railway, is from nearly the same geological horizon, and probably
occurs under somewhat similar circumstances to those of the anthracite
found in the Tertiary rocks at the Meissner, in Saxony as mentioned by Von
Cotta. In several respects this coal resembles the anthracite of France,
which, according to Dana, contain ordinarily from 80 to 83 per cent, of
carbon.

The following analysis of French anthracites from Crookes' Metallurgy
will tend further to show this coincidence.

Carbon

Volatile matter
Ash - -

Carbon

Volatile matter
Ash - - -

Carbon

Volatile matter
Ash

Analysis by Hoffman

Carbon

Volatile Matter -

Ash -

Common Anthracite.

7915

- 7-37
1325

Cote (I'or.

- 82'60

8 60

- 8-80

Mais Salze.

83-80

- 7-50

0'50

Casciicio Mine.

8114 Sample from outcrop.
lOoo
7-5V

The chief difference being in the greater amount of volatile matter and
less quantity of ash contained in the Cascade than in the French anthracite.

The color of the ash of Cascade anthracite points to its being free from
iron, a very important matter, as argillaceous or siliceous ash remains
pulverulent and impedes the combustion much less than the ferruginous
and calcareous ash. — (Galloway treatise on fuel, 1880, page IS.)

As to white ash coals, Rogers, in his work on Iron Metallurgy, says :
" This is important, for coals that have a brown or even yellowish ash will
not suit so well for furnace work in consequence of their containing much
larger proportions of sulphur than those which yield white ashes."

There is no fuel which for the same bulk affords such a powerful heat
as anthracite, and for the purposes of metallurgy, Crookes says that it yields
iron of better quality than mineral coal or coke.

According to J. M. Hartman in the Journal of the Iron and Steel
Institute for 1883, page 261, the anthracite generally used in the blast
furnaces in the Lehigh and adjacent districts has the following com-
position : —

Carbon 8000

Volatile Matter 3o

Silicia 4"5

Alumina 2-6

Sesquoixide of Iron '5

Lime 22

Magnesia -2

Sulphur 20

This gives the same quantity of ash that the Cascade Mine coal
carries, which, however, appears to be free from sulphur. Hartman finds
that the volatile matter in the Lehigh coal helps combustion in the
furnace.

On reference to the Report of Progress of the Geological Survey of
Canada for 1882-83-84, just published, you will notice that the colarific
power of the Cascade River Mine coal exceeds that of any other coal from
the North-West, of which 37 specimens were tested by Dr. Hoffman.

On reference also to the valuable tables annexed to his reports, you will
notice from the facts shown there that this is for all practical purposes
much the best coal yet discovered in the North- West, which, from the
nature of the situation and of the circumstances under which the deposit
has been formed, it is not at all likely that other beds of similar character
will be found occurring adjacent to the line of railway.

The coal of the plains is of a very different, as well as of inferior,
quality, so that the Cascade Mines will )iot be apt to meet with any rivals.

Your obedient servant,

McLeod Stewaut, Esq., EDWARD JACK, C. E.

Ottawa.

DECLARATIOM OF EDWARD HARDMAX.

1, Edward Hardman, of the City of Montreal, in the Province of
Quebec and Dominion of Canada, mechanical and mining engineer, hereby
state and declare as follows : —

1. That I was connected with coal mines in England from my boy-
hood.

2. That for the last thirty years I have been connected with the follow-
ing railroads in Canada, namely : the Grand Trunk Railway, the Great
Western Railway, the North Shore Railway, the Intercolonial Railway, and
the Lake St. John Railway, as mechanical engineer and fuel agent.

3. That I have a thorough and intimate practical knowledge of all
kinds of coal.

4. That on or about the third and fourth of the present month of
August, 1885, I made a personal examination of the anthracite coal mines
at or near Banff Station, on the Canadian Pacific Railway, in the North-
West Territory of Canada, owned by McLeod Stewart, of Ottawa, Canada.

5 That the result of this examination confirms me in the opinion that
these coal fields are true anthracite.

6. That the seams I inspected are five and six feet in width.

7. That the coal mines are most convenient to the Canadian Pacific
Railway, and the coal can be laid on the cars at a very trifling cost.

8. That I am of opinion that this coal is equal, if not superior, to the
best American anthracite.

9. That the quantity of said coal is unlimited, and there are several
millions of tons of coal in sight which can be easily mined and with
inexpensive machinery.

Dated at Chicago, in the State of Illinois, this tenth day of August,
A. D., 188,3.

(Signed,) EDWARD HARDMAN,

State of Illinois, ) ,5 „
Cook County. ) ^■

Edward Hardman, being duly sworn, deposes and says that the fore-
going statement, by him signed, is true in substance and in fact.

(Signed,)

Subscribed and sworn to before me, ]

this 10th day of August, 1885. 1

(Signed,) David Campbell, f

Notary Public. J

EDWARD HARDMAN.

L. S.

LETTER FROM S. A. RICHARDS, Esq, OF CHICAGO, U. S.

Cmc-vao, August 18th, 1885.
McLeod Stewart,

Union Chambers,

Ottawa, Canada.

Sir, — I have been using in blast furnices anthracite, bituminous and
coke fuel for the last twenty-five years. I have examined the specimens
of coal from your anthracite mines in the North- West Territory of Canada,
and consider your coal as shown by the analysis and the character of the
coal itself as equal to the best American Anthracite for steam, domestic and
all other purposes.

I have read the report of Professor "Wilber, who is a man of the hiffhest

authority in coal matters in the United States, and have
in everything contained in his report.

ntire confidence

Yours truly,

S. A. RICHARDS,

LETTER FROM J. H. RALSTOX, Esq., MINIXa ENGINEER,

CHICAGO.

Chicago, August 20th, 1885.

My Dear Mr. Stewart, — I have read with great pleasure the report
of I'rofessor C. D. Wilber, on your anthracite coal deposits in the North-
West, on the line ol' the Canadian Pacific Railroad, and beg to say that I
have spent twenty-five years as a miner and inspector of Mineral lands and
have known Proiessor Wilber well for twenty years, and cau fully corrob-
orate every statement he has made in his report on this most valuable
anthracite deposit, knowing him as I do to be the best authority on coals
in the United States, and on his statements you can place your friends in
this venture as a cerlain success. I congratulate you, sir, onhaving secured
so valuable a j^roperty.

Yours very truly,

(Signed), J. H. RALSTON.

(Copy.) Chemical Laboratory of Yale College,

146 College Street. New Haven,

February 27th, 1885.
Mr. S. J. Richie.

Dear Sir, — My work has suffered such constant interruption that I
have been unable to complete the analysis until now. I hope that my
delay has not inconvenienced you, and that you will find the results satis-
factory. The " Cascade " proves to be a free burning anthracite.

Samples from Saskatchewan coal mine near Medicine Hat. June of the
year 1884, contain following moisture —

Moisture - - - - 8 60

Fixed carbon - - - 49' 70

Volatile matter - - - 36-11

Ash .... 5-59

Sulphur .... -69

Sample from " Cascade Coal Mines " in Row River Valley, June, 1884,
contain the following: —

Moisture

- -50

Fixed carbon -

- 87-79

Volatile matter -

- 7-35

Ash

4-35

Sitlphur

- -96

Very

respectfully yours,

FRANK L.

SPERRY,

Chemist.

LETTER FROM HON. SENATOR MACDONALD OF BRITISH

COLUMBIA.

Ottawa, May 4th, 1885.
MoLeod Stewart, Esq,
Ottawa.

My Dear Sir, — Referring to our conversation about coal, a few days
ago, I am of opinion that coal of the quality of that found in the Alberta
district would take the market well along the Pacific coast as well as in
British Columbia, lor steam and household purposes.

The retail price of soft coal at Victoria is from $7 to $8, and at San
Francisco from $8 to $10; and certainly one ton of anthracite is fully equal
to two tons of soft coal. Its freedom from smoke and dirt will be a great
inducement to its use for steam and domestic purposes. Hard coal sells at
San Francisco from .$12 to $16 and at Victoria from $20 to $22 per ton.

Yours very truly,

W. J. MACDONALD.

To McLeod Stewart, Esq.,
Union Chambers,

Ottawa, Ont.

J. T. Donald, M.A.F.C.S.,
Analytical Chemist and Assayer,

124 St. James St., Montreal.
REPORT.

Analysis of Anthracite Coal.

Estimation of general analysis.

Marks five foot seam. Cascade River, Rocky Mts.

For Alexander Mackenzie, Esq.,

Samples received May 2oth.

Moisture - - - - 1.56

Ash 0.60

Volatile matter - - - 3 24

Fixed carbon - - - - 88.60

Sulphur .... 3.29

The ash is of pinkish color and consists principally of silica, alunina,
iron oxide with small quantities of lime, magnesia and alkalis.

(Signed,) .T. T DONALD,

Profexsor of Chemistri/ in Victoria
College, Montreal.
Montreal, May 30th, 1885.

LETTER OF A. MACKENZIE, Esq., C.E. & M.E., MONTREAL.

Montreal, 3 Durocher St.,

May 30th, 1885.
McLeod Stewart, Esq.,
Ottawa.

Dear Sir, — In compliance with your request, I beg to send you results

V *

!85.

ays

jrta

3an
ual
•eat
3 at

eal.

na,

ria

of analyses of anthracite, samples of which were hand od to me by Mr. M.
while he was in Montreal. In the course of our conversation relative to
the recent discovery of " anthracite " in the cretaceous rocks at Cascade
River, Rocky Mountains, I was much interested with Mr. M's. account of
his visit and his exploration there, and his description of the several coal
seams in that vicinity. The pieces or samples which have been analyzed
were said by Mr. Moberly to have been taken from the "A" or " five foot
seam " and to represent a fair average of the entire seam, having been
obtained from portions of it at a long distance from one another.

Being anxious to obtain some information respecting what Dr. Selwyn
calls this '' special development," I referred to the Report of the Geological
Survey for 1882-84 just issued, and was much surprised to find that with
the exception of 3 very brief allusions at pages 2, 4, 132, no further men-
tion is made of this important coal-bed until near the end of the volume
(at page 41 M.) Mr. Hoffman's analysis of the coal is given.

From its extent and importance 1 fully expected to have found more
detailed information respecting the coal basin, and it seems all the more
surprising from the fact that L)rs. iSelwyn and G. M. Dawson and Mr. Coste,
three of the officials of the Geological Survey, appear to have visited the
locality and examined the coal seams at the same time. In his report of
analysis of this coal, Mr. Hoffman says : "The sample received represents
an excellent fuel ; it does not disintegrate on exposure to the air, is
sufficiently hard and firm to bear the abrasion incident to transportation ;
contains but a very small percentage of hydroscopic water and by no means
a large amount of inorganic matter, and possesses a high evaporative
power."

The analysis of the samples handed to me by Mr. Moberly were con-
ducted by Prof. Donald of this city, and from their results, taken in con-
nection with other assays (of the same coal) made by other well known
analysts, I think there can be no doubt whatever of the quality and value
of this coal deposit.

Professor Donald's analyses are as follows : 1st Sample (small piece).

Moisture - . - -
Volatile combustible matter
Ash ■ - - -
Fixed Carbon

2nd Sample (larger piece).

Moisture ....
Volatile combustible matter

Ash

Fixed Carbon -

l-4(j

3-24

6-60

88-80

100-00

1-56

3-14

6-60

88-60

.Its

100-00

In order to make the analysis more complete in the second one, tests
were applied for sulphur and the component parts of the ash were ascer-
tained. The sulphur as you will perceive exists in very small qantities,
less than one-third of one per cent , and the ash. is just the same as any
other anthracite ash.

In addition to the advantacres of geographical position, accessibility and
undoubted excellence of the fuel, its proximity to the Canadian Pacific
Railroad is another which can scarcely be overestimated, and one which
must tend greatly to enhance the value and importance of this coal field.
So far as yet known, it is the only deposit of anthracite in the North- West
Territories, and althoxigh, as the work of exploration continues to be carried
into the more distant troughs and recesses of the Rockies, other and similar
deposits may bo found, still it is highly improbable. Even if such dis-
coveries should be made, that at least for some time to come they cannot.be
made available simply on account of their inaccessibility and the great outlay
requisite to bring the coal within reach of railway communication. A great
deal more might be said on the subject ; but I consider it would be super-
fluous.

Professor Donald's anlyses have been most carefully made, and they
speak for themselves, and go to prove conclusively, that the Cascade River
coal IS entitled to rank among the best and most valuable of the
"Anthracite."

Respectfully yours,

A. MACKENZIE, C. E.

TRANSPORTATION.

Canadian Pacific Railway Company,

Office of tup: Vice-President,
MoLeod Stewait, Esq. Montreal, 8th October, 1884.

Dear Sir,

Enclosed I send you a copy of my letter to Mr. Cameron regarding
coal rates, which have been -approved by our Board of Directors.

Replying to your telegraiu of yesterday, I will say that we will
execute a formal agreement, if necessary for your purposes.

Yours truly,

W. C. VANHORNE,

Vice-President.

Canadian Pacific Railway,

Office of the Vice-President,

Montreal, October 8th, 1884.
Dear Sir,

I beg to enclose this schedule of rates on coal from your proposed
coal mines near BantT Station, which I trust will prove'satisfactory.

With regard to a track connecting your lines with our main lines, I
have lo say that our rules do not admit of the construction of private tracks
outside ot our right of way, biit if your company will prepare the necessary
roadway for the track, we will furnish the rails, ties and fastenings, and
put them in place at absolute cost, and wo will rebate to your company
10 per cent, of your freight bills on coal shipments until this outlay is
returned to you.

Yours truly,

W. C. VANHORNE,

Vice-Fresident.

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Rates on Coal from Banff Station— Canadian

west of Winnipeg.

Distances.

10 miles or under

ding
will

>osed

les, I
•acks
isary
and
;)any

-y is

2.5

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

170

180

190

200

210

220

230

240

250

260

270

280

290

300

310

320

330

340

350

360

370

380

390

Pacific Railway, 019 milei

Bates per ton.

$1 00
1 10
1 20
1 25
1 30
1 85
1 40
1 45
1 50
1 65
1 60
1 65
1 70
1 75
1 80
1 85
1 90

1 95

2 00
2 05
2 10
2 20
2 25
2 30
2 35
2 40
2 50
2 55
2 60
2 70
2 75
2 80
2 90

2 95

3 00
3 10
3 15
3 25
3 30
3 40
3 45
3 60
3 60
3 65
3 70
3 80
3 85
3 95

Rates on Coat, i\i:., — Concluded.

I)lstance<<.

400 miles or under

410 " ....

420

430

440

460

4G0

470

480

490

500

r.S.-)

550

575

919 miles to AVinnipcg

Rate

lev Ton

5 .)0

The foregoing schodule ol rates tncourages the shipment of coal to
distant points. The new provinces of ^Manitoba, Assiniboia and AU^erta,
comprise an immense region of l)oth Hat and rolling prairie, of grassy plains
and magnificent rivers, having a soil capable of both husl?andry and herding,
as is proven to-day by thousands of new farms where so recently i^revailed
the wild monotony of nature. Into this unmeasured domain, nearly 1,000
miles in length, east and west, by at least £00 in width, north of the 49th
parallel (the international boundary) are coming with the focilities of this
new trans-continental railway now being constructed, hundreds and
thousands of the more hardy populations of Northern latitudes of Ontario,
Quebec, Northern Europe, and also from the Northern United States, already
accustomed to long winter terms. To these — the coming multitudes —
nothing can so firmly establish them in their new homes as the positive
assurance of an unfailing supply of the best quality of coal, at such low
rates as will partially compensate for the severity of winter, and also enable
the emigrant farmer to overcome the adversities of pioneer life.