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 REPORT 
 
 On tbh 
 
 ANTHKACITE COAL MINES 
 
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 AT 
 
 BANFF STATION, CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY, 
 
 DISTRICT OF AJ.BERtA, 
 
 
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 North-West territory of Canada. 
 
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FOR PRIVATE CIRCULATION. 
 
 REPORT 
 
 ON THB 
 
 ANTHRACITE COAL MINES 
 
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 BANFF STATION, CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY, 
 
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 DISTRICT OF ALBERTA, 
 
 NORTH-WEST TERRITORY OF CANADA. 
 
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 PRINTED BY MACLEAN, ROGER & CO., WELLINGTON STREET. 
 
 1885. 
 
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REPORT 
 
 ON TIIK 
 
 ANTHRACITE COAL MINES AT BANFF STATION, 
 
 CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY, 
 NORTH-WEST TERRITORY OF CANADA. 
 
 ^McLeod Stewart, Esq., 
 
 Union Chambers, 
 
 Ottawa, Out. 
 
 Dear Sir, 
 I The following pages present a condensed description of the recently 
 
 discovered Anthracite Coal field in the vicinity of Cascade Mountain, 15 
 
 miles west of Calgary, in the Province of Alberta, on the line of the 
 -,^ Canadian Pacific Railway. The two diagrams show the thickness of the 
 
 anthracite coal strata, its position and proximity to the track of the 
 *tCanadian Pacific Railway. 
 
 The plat represents the anthracite coal lands, with lines of outcrops. 
 iThese lands, 1,3G0 acres, were selected after careful examination, and con- 
 jtain all the available and valuable anthracite of this remarkable deposit. 
 
 The accompanying letters of analyses and testimonials of eminent 
 chemists and engineers, fully corroborate my statements of the great value 
 lof this new field of anthracite. 
 
 e Respectfully submitted. 
 
 } C. D. WILBER, 
 
 Inspector of Mines and Mining Lands. 
 Sherman House, 
 Chicago, Ills. 
 The foregoing plat represents the land traversed by the anthracite coal 
 Istrata in the order of their occurence, A, B, C, and also their relation to the 
 |route of the Canadian Pacific Railway, which passes within a few rods of 
 
 d# 
 
 "t-imWjKiagf^^i 
 
the Hughes shaft, now open. Side tracks can be easily made to the level of 
 the creek below the shaft. 
 
 The two sketches, " A " and " B," are three miles apart, and are con- 
 nected by the visible outcrop of sandstone, 10 to 15 feet in thickness, which 
 is everywhere the permanent roof-rock of this seam of coal. It is the out- 
 crop of this sandstone rock which has determined the course of the seam of 
 coal through the property that has been taken up by yourself and asso- 
 ciates. Hence you will see the tests that have been suggested are merely 
 excavations or drillings through the sandstone rock at tiny place near the 
 outcrop at right angles to the dip of the coal seam which, as before stated, 
 is 30 degrees. The drawing marked "A" at Melvin's Cabin is farthest 
 from the railroad, and is quite difficult of access on accoi^nt of high water, 
 but as the coal was first discovered here, so it was natural in this place to 
 commence mining operations. 
 
 About 600 tons have been taken out at this point, enough to settle the 
 permanence of the vein of coal, and sufficient in quantity to prove its 
 quality and value. 
 
 My examination of the several tracts of land described in the accom- 
 panying plats, occupied portions of July and August of the year 1884. 
 
 During the survey I found that the anthracite seam or vein had been 
 correctly reported by Dr. Geo. M. Dawson, Assistant Director Geological 
 Survey, as regards thickness and quality. It measures at the farther open- 
 ing, 4 feet and 8 inches in thickness, having increased] from its outcrop to 
 this width, from 4 feet. It is 5 feet and 2 inches in thickness at the Black 
 Diamond or Hughes Mine, nearly three miles distant. This stratum of 
 anthracite may be therefore regarded as having 5 feet in average thickness, 
 with but little, if any, variation. 
 
 It does not lie horizontal, like the coal seams in an undisturbed region, 
 but is inclined toward the south-west at an angle of thirty degrees. The 
 line of outcrop from the Cascade Mine to the Hughes Mine is a perfectly 
 straight line, as seen at intervals of a few rods, in the projection or outcrop of 
 sandstone from 30 to 50 feet i'^ thickness, which everywhere forms the cover 
 or roof of the anthracite sean. 
 
 There is no question whatever in regard to the rank or class of this 
 seam of coal. It is a vein or stratum of anthracite. It was in ages past a 
 cretaceous coal seam, which has been altered or changed into anthracite by 
 
■ 
 
 .. ii 
 
 i 
 
 8 
 
 the action of the same or similar forces which, in Pennsylvania, — the Lehigh 
 and Scranton and Lakawana district?, — have changed that ancient bitumi- 
 nous field into anthracite, as we now find it. 
 
 I have made a careful estimate of the amount of anthracite within easy 
 mining distance on the stratum from A to A. This estimate is based iipon 
 the customary unit meas\;re, viz : one cubic yard is equal to one ton of coal. 
 In this anthracite stratum there are 3 miles in length of an average 5 feet 
 seam or stratum, with an incline of 30 degrees, everywhere accompanied 
 with good roof and bottom. 
 
 From a simple calculation it will bo seen that every 3 feet of the stratum 
 will give 7,392 tons ; and 300 feet will give 100 times as much, or 739,000 
 Ions. A depth of 100 feet more will give one-third more, or 985,000 tons. 
 At a trifle over 400 feet of, depth, therefore, there are 1,000,000 tons of 
 anthracite coal. There can be no doubt of the great value of this deposit 
 of coal. 
 
 It will yield a constantly increasing revenue to its owners from its 
 customers, 1,000 miles distant. 
 
 In addition to this well defined coal seam, 3 miles in length, with an 
 average of 5 feet in thickness, are two other, or additional, anthracite strata 
 or seams, located upon this property. They are marked upon the accom- 
 panying plat, " B" and " C " respectively. Anthracite strata "B" has an 
 outcrop of 6 feet in thickness. The outcrop at " C " is over 7 feet in 
 thickness. 
 
 These outcrops are a fourth of one mile apart, downward or southwest 
 from the well defined seam above described. They also run parallel with 
 it ; they have also a similar covering, or roof-rock, of sandstone, and have 
 all the appearance of reliable strata of anthracite coal, and are traced upon 
 the map from the respective outcrops, " B '' & " C," in the same direction. 
 Theje larger strata or veins of anthracite will, of course, yield a much 
 larger tonnage than the 5 feet vein or seam already described. Taking the 
 three veins into consideration, and applying the same measures to them as 
 are used in measxxring anthracite coal seams in the Lehigh and Lackawana 
 regions, it is a lair judgment, that this property has already in sight from 
 five millions to ten millions of good anthracite coal. 
 
 In making the above estimate, we have not considered a depth greater 
 than 400 feet, while it is common for the anthracite of Pennsylvania to be 
 
mint'd at a depth of a 1,000 feet ; in short, there ore no limits to profitable 
 milling in this direction. The extra steam required to hoist a hundred 
 thousand tons of coal 400 feet, can, with a very trilling addition of force or 
 cost, hoist the same amount bOO feet, or even 1,000 feet. The vast amount 
 of anthracite coal comprised in this locality forms a reliable basis for one 
 of the largest anthracite collieries in America, and will insure a large 
 return for many years upon the par value of its capital stock. 
 
 The cost of raining anthracite at the Cascade Mines, including all 
 expense of keeping the mines in good order, including the delivery upon 
 the railway side track, will not exceed ^1.50 per ton. The price of 
 anthracite in Winnipeg is from sjilii to S14 per ton. It is not probable that 
 competition will reduce it below .$11 per ton, because all other anthracite 
 coal in the Winnipeg market must come from Eastern Pennsylvania and 
 bear the cost of nearly 2,000 miles of transit, breaking bulk twice, at BuQalo 
 and Port Arthur. If sent by continuous rail from Pennsylvania, via 
 Chicago and St. Paul to Winnipeg, the cost will be still greater, so that the 
 permanent price of anthracite conl at Winnipeg may bo placed at an 
 average oi $13 per ton. The City of Winnipeg now contains iiO,000 in- 
 habitants, and may be relied upon as a steady annual market for from 10,000 
 to 15,000 tons of anthracite. 
 
 The leading towns west of AVinnipeg, viz : Portage La Prairie, Brandon, 
 Eegina, Broadview, Moosejaw, Maple Creek, Medicine Hat, &c., &c., &c., 
 already comprising several thousand inhabitants, can also be relied upon 
 as a market for many thousands of anthracite coal per year. Calgary, the 
 enterprising Capital town of Alberta, will also afford a large market for 
 this coal. Add to this the hundred smaller towns and stations between 
 Winnipeg on the east, and the Cascade Anthracite Mines on the west 
 including railroad section towns, railway offices, eating houses, &c., we shall 
 find the demand for anthracite largely increased. This annual tonnage Oi out- 
 put of anthracite will be greatly augmented on the extension of the Cana- 
 dian Pacific Railroad to the Pacific Ocean at Port Moody, distance 500 
 miles from the Cascade Mines. Still another demand, not less in import- 
 ance and constantly increasing, will be the supply of anthracite lor the 
 farming population that are now rapidly occupying the vast region of 
 country adjacent to, and supplied from the Canadian Pacific Railway. 
 
 The rate of immigration and occupation will increase in a very rapid 
 ratio now that the resources of this vast domain are being known and 
 
 t. 
 
'. 
 
 appn.'ciated, and a<lvortised to the millions who are preparing to make 
 homes in the now North West. 
 
 It is proper her- to state, in regard to the service, or economy of 
 anthracite coal, that one ton of Cascade anthracite will do twice as much 
 work, or in other words, give out twice as much heat, as a ton of the 
 common lignite, or cretaceous coal of the plains. 
 
 This fact can be ascertained by direct experiment in the same manner 
 as we ascertain that a ton of this anthracite is equal to three cords of wood. 
 As soon as these facts become generally known there will be greatly increased 
 demands for the Cascade anthracite over all other coals of the North-West, 
 based upon economy, to say nothing of the special advantages of having a 
 clean, smokeless fuel. The Cascade anthracite coal will be distributed 
 westward along the extension of the Canadian Pacific Railway to the 
 Pacific Coast, a distance not exceeding 503 miles. 
 
 With uniform rates, this anthracite will be in great demand in the 
 larger towns of British Columbia, namely, Victoria, now a city of 10,000 
 inhabitants, Vancouver, the new terminal city of the Canadian Pacific 
 Railway, to say nothing of the ordinary railway stations. It is 489 miles 
 from the Cascade Mines to the Northern Pacific R. R. by the Canadian 
 Pacific R. R. and the Columbia River. 
 
 It should be here noted that the war steamers of both the Royal and 
 American Navies use anthracite coal, which can be provided on the Pacific 
 coast at the terminus of the C P. Kailway. 
 
 Anthracite coal is now sold in Victoria for $20 per ton. The demand 
 for anthracite will rapidly increase with the supply, especially at such 
 reduced rates as can be afforded from the Cascade Mines. At $12 per ton 
 or even $15 per ton, 50,000 tons of anthracite from these mines would 
 annually be sold for consumption in the towns of the Pacific coast. There 
 being no other large deposit of anthracite coal either in the w^est or north- 
 west, the Cascade anthracite will also find a large market in San Francisco- 
 
 The small patch of semi-anthracite in Colorado at Crested Butte, on 
 the Denver and Rio Grand Railway, readily finds market for 50,000 tons 
 annually, both in Salt Lake City and Denver, selling for -SIO per ton, or 
 twice the price per ton of best bituminous coal. 
 
 The freight charges on anthracite coal, neirly 3,000 miles to San 
 
Francisco from IVnnsyUauia, can he modified l)y water tmnsportatioii in 
 ships around Cape Horn. The Cascade anthracite on the other hand, can 
 be put into the hold of ships or steamers for San Frajiciico and other Pacific 
 seaport cities at the Pacific terminus, 500 miles Irom the mines. The 
 fortunate or advantageous situation or location of this vast body of anthra- 
 cite, so far I'rom competition, 2,500 miles from the Pennsylvania anthracite, 
 will permit a constant profit over and abr)ve all expenses, of nearly $5 per 
 ton. 
 
 In a recent interview with Dr. Geo. M. Dawson. Canadian Geological 
 Survey, he stated to me that his researches in Alberta and British 
 Columbia, for the year 1884, still more strongly confirmed his position in 
 the letter accompanying this report, namely, that this is the main body of 
 anthracite in the North- West. 
 
 I have not considered the railway use of anthracite for locomotives, 
 but I have no doubt that it will ba us.hI on all engines of the Canadian 
 Picific Railway west of Winnipeg, as soon as the fire-boxes or furnaces can 
 be adapted to its use. The railroad economy of burning anthracite coal 
 has already been sufiiciiuitly demonstrated. The amount of anthracite coal 
 necessary to supply the locomotives for 1,300 miles, with an increasing 
 traffic, it is not difficult to estimate, because each locomotive consumes from 
 4 to 5 tons of coal per day. 
 
 Taking the foregoing facts into consideration, the annual output of the 
 Cascade anthracite coal mines, after the completion ot the Canadian Pacific 
 Railway, can be safely relied upon, from 100,000 to 150,000 tons per annum. 
 This annual demand will constantly enlarge with the settlement and growth 
 of the country, until the mining and distribution of anthracite coal from 
 the mines will constitute the leading mining interests of the North- West. 
 
 C. D. WILDER, 
 Inspector of Mines and Minins: Lamh, 
 
 ) 
 
A-, 
 
 LETTERS OF GEO. M. DAWSON, L.L.I)., F.O.S., ASSISTANT 
 DIRECTOR GEOLOGICAL SDRvEr. 
 
 Geolooical and Natural History Survey of Canada, 
 MusET'M AND Office Si .^jirx St., 
 
 Ottawa, 23rd April, 1884. 
 
 McLeod Stewart, Esq., 
 
 Ottawa, Ont. 
 
 Dear Sir, — Referring to our conversation of yesterday in regard to 
 the Cascade coal district. Bow River Pass, I may say that this locality was 
 examined by me last autumn ; but as its investigation is as yet incomplete, 
 it has not been described in published reports. 
 
 The coal bearing rocks here form a trough of about two miles in 
 width, and occupy a valley which is bounded at the sides by the older 
 limestone strata, of which the mountains in this vicinity are composed. 
 The coal bearing rocks lie at high angles. As a consequence of the disturb- 
 ance which they have undergone, the coal has assumed the character of 
 anthracite of excellent quality. The seam had been uncovered at the 
 point on the bank of Cascade River by C. W. Moberly, C. E.. at the time 
 ■of my visit. 
 
 It showed there a little less than 5 feet thickness of clear coal and 
 dipped S. 85degrees W. at an angle of 35 degrees, while the strike of the 
 rocks in all this part of the district is extremely uniform. 
 
 As a general result of the preliminary examination of this coal district, 
 I may state that I have little doubt that it possesses considerable impor- 
 tance, and its situation on the main line of the Canadian Pacific Railway is 
 very favorable to its development. So far as yet known it is the only 
 deposit of anthracite coal in any part of the North- West. 
 
 There is no probability of coal of this kind being found on the great 
 plains, and though additional areas resembling this one may yet be found 
 in the mountains, special means of transport would have to be provided 
 before these could be utilized. 
 
 The analysis, of which I understand Mr. Hoffman has furnished you 
 with a copy, is that of a specimen collected by me at the opening above 
 refen-ed to, and selected to represent the average quality of the seam as it 
 occurs at that place. 
 
 Yours very truly, 
 
 GEO. M. DAWSON. 
 
 Ottawa, Ont., Gth November, 1884. 
 
 McLeod Stewart, Esq., 
 Ottawa. 
 
 Dear Sir,— Since the date of your letter, 28rd of April, I have had 
 occasion to more fully examine the anthracite deposits of Cascade River, 
 and a rejiort on them will shortly be prepared for publication. 
 
8 
 
 The further investigation of these deposits has served to confirm the 
 statements made in my previous letter and to strengthen my belief in the 
 value of the coal. 
 
 The shaft which has been sunk to a small depth on the seam on the 
 Black Diamond Company's land (over two miles from the Cascade Com- 
 pany's opening) shows excellent coal ; and on account of the vicinity of the 
 railway and regiilarity of the measures, appears to be in a position well 
 adapted for immediate working. 
 
 Yours truly, 
 
 GEO. M. DAWSON. 
 
 LETTER FROM EDWARD JACK, C. E. 
 
 Ottawa, April 24, 1885. 
 
 McLeod Stewart, Esq., 
 
 Union Chambers. 
 
 Sir, — The anthracite from the Cascade mine near the line of the Canadian 
 Pacific Railway, is from nearly the same geological horizon, and probably 
 occurs under somewhat similar circumstances to those of the anthracite 
 found in the Tertiary rocks at the Meissner, in Saxony as mentioned by Von 
 Cotta. In several respects this coal resembles the anthracite of France, 
 which, according to Dana, contain ordinarily from 80 to 83 per cent, of 
 carbon. 
 
 The following analysis of French anthracites from Crookes' Metallurgy 
 will tend further to show this coincidence. 
 
 Carbon 
 
 Volatile matter 
 Ash - - 
 
 Carbon 
 
 Volatile matter 
 Ash - - - 
 
 Carbon 
 
 Volatile matter 
 Ash 
 
 Analysis by Hoffman 
 
 Carbon 
 
 Volatile Matter - 
 
 Ash - 
 
 Common Anthracite. 
 
 7915 
 
 - 7-37 
 1325 
 
 Cote (I'or. 
 
 - 82'60 
 
 8 60 
 
 - 8-80 
 
 Mais Salze. 
 
 83-80 
 
 - 7-50 
 
 0'50 
 
 Casciicio Mine. 
 
 8114 Sample from outcrop. 
 lOoo 
 7-5V 
 
9 
 
 / 
 
 The chief difference being in the greater amount of volatile matter and 
 less quantity of ash contained in the Cascade than in the French anthracite. 
 
 The color of the ash of Cascade anthracite points to its being free from 
 iron, a very important matter, as argillaceous or siliceous ash remains 
 pulverulent and impedes the combustion much less than the ferruginous 
 and calcareous ash. — (Galloway treatise on fuel, 1880, page IS.) 
 
 As to white ash coals, Rogers, in his work on Iron Metallurgy, says : 
 " This is important, for coals that have a brown or even yellowish ash will 
 not suit so well for furnace work in consequence of their containing much 
 larger proportions of sulphur than those which yield white ashes." 
 
 There is no fuel which for the same bulk affords such a powerful heat 
 as anthracite, and for the purposes of metallurgy, Crookes says that it yields 
 iron of better quality than mineral coal or coke. 
 
 According to J. M. Hartman in the Journal of the Iron and Steel 
 Institute for 1883, page 261, the anthracite generally used in the blast 
 furnaces in the Lehigh and adjacent districts has the following com- 
 position : — 
 
 Carbon 8000 
 
 Volatile Matter 3o 
 
 Silicia 4"5 
 
 Alumina 2-6 
 
 Sesquoixide of Iron '5 
 
 Lime 22 
 
 Magnesia -2 
 
 Sulphur 20 
 
 This gives the same quantity of ash that the Cascade Mine coal 
 carries, which, however, appears to be free from sulphur. Hartman finds 
 that the volatile matter in the Lehigh coal helps combustion in the 
 furnace. 
 
 On reference to the Report of Progress of the Geological Survey of 
 Canada for 1882-83-84, just published, you will notice that the colarific 
 power of the Cascade River Mine coal exceeds that of any other coal from 
 the North-West, of which 37 specimens were tested by Dr. Hoffman. 
 
 On reference also to the valuable tables annexed to his reports, you will 
 notice from the facts shown there that this is for all practical purposes 
 much the best coal yet discovered in the North- West, which, from the 
 nature of the situation and of the circumstances under which the deposit 
 has been formed, it is not at all likely that other beds of similar character 
 will be found occurring adjacent to the line of railway. 
 
 The coal of the plains is of a very different, as well as of inferior, 
 quality, so that the Cascade Mines will )iot be apt to meet with any rivals. 
 
 Your obedient servant, 
 
 McLeod Stewaut, Esq., EDWARD JACK, C. E. 
 
 Ottawa. 
 
 DECLARATIOM OF EDWARD HARDMAX. 
 
 1, Edward Hardman, of the City of Montreal, in the Province of 
 Quebec and Dominion of Canada, mechanical and mining engineer, hereby 
 state and declare as follows : — 
 
10 
 
 1. That I was connected with coal mines in England from my boy- 
 hood. 
 
 2. That for the last thirty years I have been connected with the follow- 
 ing railroads in Canada, namely : the Grand Trunk Railway, the Great 
 Western Railway, the North Shore Railway, the Intercolonial Railway, and 
 the Lake St. John Railway, as mechanical engineer and fuel agent. 
 
 3. That I have a thorough and intimate practical knowledge of all 
 kinds of coal. 
 
 4. That on or about the third and fourth of the present month of 
 August, 1885, I made a personal examination of the anthracite coal mines 
 at or near Banff Station, on the Canadian Pacific Railway, in the North- 
 West Territory of Canada, owned by McLeod Stewart, of Ottawa, Canada. 
 
 5 That the result of this examination confirms me in the opinion that 
 these coal fields are true anthracite. 
 
 6. That the seams I inspected are five and six feet in width. 
 
 7. That the coal mines are most convenient to the Canadian Pacific 
 Railway, and the coal can be laid on the cars at a very trifling cost. 
 
 8. That I am of opinion that this coal is equal, if not superior, to the 
 best American anthracite. 
 
 9. That the quantity of said coal is unlimited, and there are several 
 millions of tons of coal in sight which can be easily mined and with 
 inexpensive machinery. 
 
 Dated at Chicago, in the State of Illinois, this tenth day of August, 
 A. D., 188,3. 
 
 (Signed,) EDWARD HARDMAN, 
 
 State of Illinois, ) ,5 „ 
 Cook County. ) ^■ 
 
 Edward Hardman, being duly sworn, deposes and says that the fore- 
 going statement, by him signed, is true in substance and in fact. 
 
 (Signed,) 
 
 Subscribed and sworn to before me, ] 
 
 this 10th day of August, 1885. 1 
 
 (Signed,) David Campbell, f 
 
 Notary Public. J 
 
 EDWARD HARDMAN. 
 
 L. S. 
 
 LETTER FROM S. A. RICHARDS, Esq, OF CHICAGO, U. S. 
 
 Cmc-vao, August 18th, 1885. 
 McLeod Stewart, 
 
 Union Chambers, 
 
 Ottawa, Canada. 
 
 Sir, — I have been using in blast furnices anthracite, bituminous and 
 coke fuel for the last twenty-five years. I have examined the specimens 
 of coal from your anthracite mines in the North- West Territory of Canada, 
 and consider your coal as shown by the analysis and the character of the 
 coal itself as equal to the best American Anthracite for steam, domestic and 
 all other purposes. 
 
 \ 
 
11 
 
 I have read the report of Professor "Wilber, who is a man of the hiffhest 
 
 authority in coal matters in the United States, and have 
 in everything contained in his report. 
 
 ntire confidence 
 
 Yours truly, 
 
 S. A. RICHARDS, 
 
 LETTER FROM J. H. RALSTOX, Esq., MINIXa ENGINEER, 
 
 CHICAGO. 
 
 Chicago, August 20th, 1885. 
 
 My Dear Mr. Stewart, — I have read with great pleasure the report 
 of I'rofessor C. D. Wilber, on your anthracite coal deposits in the North- 
 West, on the line ol' the Canadian Pacific Railroad, and beg to say that I 
 have spent twenty-five years as a miner and inspector of Mineral lands and 
 have known Proiessor Wilber well for twenty years, and cau fully corrob- 
 orate every statement he has made in his report on this most valuable 
 anthracite deposit, knowing him as I do to be the best authority on coals 
 in the United States, and on his statements you can place your friends in 
 this venture as a cerlain success. I congratulate you, sir, onhaving secured 
 so valuable a j^roperty. 
 
 Yours very truly, 
 
 (Signed), J. H. RALSTON. 
 
 (Copy.) Chemical Laboratory of Yale College, 
 
 146 College Street. New Haven, 
 
 February 27th, 1885. 
 Mr. S. J. Richie. 
 
 Dear Sir, — My work has suffered such constant interruption that I 
 have been unable to complete the analysis until now. I hope that my 
 delay has not inconvenienced you, and that you will find the results satis- 
 factory. The " Cascade " proves to be a free burning anthracite. 
 
 Samples from Saskatchewan coal mine near Medicine Hat. June of the 
 year 1884, contain following moisture — 
 
 Moisture - - - - 8 60 
 
 Fixed carbon - - - 49' 70 
 
 Volatile matter - - - 36-11 
 
 Ash .... 5-59 
 
 Sulphur .... -69 
 
 Sample from " Cascade Coal Mines " in Row River Valley, June, 1884, 
 contain the following: — 
 
 Moisture 
 
 - -50 
 
 
 Fixed carbon - 
 
 - 87-79 
 
 
 Volatile matter - 
 
 - 7-35 
 
 
 Ash 
 
 4-35 
 
 
 Sitlphur 
 
 - -96 
 
 
 Very 
 
 respectfully yours, 
 
 
 
 FRANK L. 
 
 SPERRY, 
 
 Chemist. 
 
12 
 
 LETTER FROM HON. SENATOR MACDONALD OF BRITISH 
 
 COLUMBIA. 
 
 Ottawa, May 4th, 1885. 
 MoLeod Stewart, Esq, 
 Ottawa. 
 
 My Dear Sir, — Referring to our conversation about coal, a few days 
 ago, I am of opinion that coal of the quality of that found in the Alberta 
 district would take the market well along the Pacific coast as well as in 
 British Columbia, lor steam and household purposes. 
 
 The retail price of soft coal at Victoria is from $7 to $8, and at San 
 Francisco from $8 to $10; and certainly one ton of anthracite is fully equal 
 to two tons of soft coal. Its freedom from smoke and dirt will be a great 
 inducement to its use for steam and domestic purposes. Hard coal sells at 
 San Francisco from .$12 to $16 and at Victoria from $20 to $22 per ton. 
 
 Yours very truly, 
 
 W. J. MACDONALD. 
 
 To McLeod Stewart, Esq., 
 Union Chambers, 
 
 Ottawa, Ont. 
 
 J. T. Donald, M.A.F.C.S., 
 Analytical Chemist and Assayer, 
 
 124 St. James St., Montreal. 
 REPORT. 
 
 Analysis of Anthracite Coal. 
 
 Estimation of general analysis. 
 
 Marks five foot seam. Cascade River, Rocky Mts. 
 
 For Alexander Mackenzie, Esq., 
 
 Samples received May 2oth. 
 
 Moisture - - - - 1.56 
 
 Ash 0.60 
 
 Volatile matter - - - 3 24 
 
 Fixed carbon - - - - 88.60 
 
 Sulphur .... 3.29 
 
 The ash is of pinkish color and consists principally of silica, alunina, 
 iron oxide with small quantities of lime, magnesia and alkalis. 
 
 (Signed,) .T. T DONALD, 
 
 Profexsor of Chemistri/ in Victoria 
 College, Montreal. 
 Montreal, May 30th, 1885. 
 
 LETTER OF A. MACKENZIE, Esq., C.E. & M.E., MONTREAL. 
 
 Montreal, 3 Durocher St., 
 
 May 30th, 1885. 
 McLeod Stewart, Esq., 
 Ottawa. 
 
 Dear Sir, — In compliance with your request, I beg to send you results 
 
 V * 
 
13 
 
 !85. 
 
 ays 
 
 jrta 
 
 in 
 
 3an 
 ual 
 •eat 
 3 at 
 
 eal. 
 
 na, 
 
 ria 
 
 of analyses of anthracite, samples of which were hand od to me by Mr. M. 
 while he was in Montreal. In the course of our conversation relative to 
 the recent discovery of " anthracite " in the cretaceous rocks at Cascade 
 River, Rocky Mountains, I was much interested with Mr. M's. account of 
 his visit and his exploration there, and his description of the several coal 
 seams in that vicinity. The pieces or samples which have been analyzed 
 were said by Mr. Moberly to have been taken from the "A" or " five foot 
 seam " and to represent a fair average of the entire seam, having been 
 obtained from portions of it at a long distance from one another. 
 
 Being anxious to obtain some information respecting what Dr. Selwyn 
 calls this '' special development," I referred to the Report of the Geological 
 Survey for 1882-84 just issued, and was much surprised to find that with 
 the exception of 3 very brief allusions at pages 2, 4, 132, no further men- 
 tion is made of this important coal-bed until near the end of the volume 
 (at page 41 M.) Mr. Hoffman's analysis of the coal is given. 
 
 From its extent and importance 1 fully expected to have found more 
 detailed information respecting the coal basin, and it seems all the more 
 surprising from the fact that L)rs. iSelwyn and G. M. Dawson and Mr. Coste, 
 three of the officials of the Geological Survey, appear to have visited the 
 locality and examined the coal seams at the same time. In his report of 
 analysis of this coal, Mr. Hoffman says : "The sample received represents 
 an excellent fuel ; it does not disintegrate on exposure to the air, is 
 sufficiently hard and firm to bear the abrasion incident to transportation ; 
 contains but a very small percentage of hydroscopic water and by no means 
 a large amount of inorganic matter, and possesses a high evaporative 
 power." 
 
 The analysis of the samples handed to me by Mr. Moberly were con- 
 ducted by Prof. Donald of this city, and from their results, taken in con- 
 nection with other assays (of the same coal) made by other well known 
 analysts, I think there can be no doubt whatever of the quality and value 
 of this coal deposit. 
 
 Professor Donald's analyses are as follows : 1st Sample (small piece). 
 
 Moisture - . - - 
 Volatile combustible matter 
 Ash ■ - - - 
 Fixed Carbon 
 
 2nd Sample (larger piece). 
 
 Moisture .... 
 Volatile combustible matter 
 
 Ash 
 
 Fixed Carbon - 
 
 l-4(j 
 
 3-24 
 
 6-60 
 
 88-80 
 
 100-00 
 
 1-56 
 
 3-14 
 
 6-60 
 
 88-60 
 
 .Its 
 
 100-00 
 
 In order to make the analysis more complete in the second one, tests 
 were applied for sulphur and the component parts of the ash were ascer- 
 tained. The sulphur as you will perceive exists in very small qantities, 
 less than one-third of one per cent , and the ash. is just the same as any 
 other anthracite ash. 
 
14 
 
 In addition to the advantacres of geographical position, accessibility and 
 undoubted excellence of the fuel, its proximity to the Canadian Pacific 
 Railroad is another which can scarcely be overestimated, and one which 
 must tend greatly to enhance the value and importance of this coal field. 
 So far as yet known, it is the only deposit of anthracite in the North- West 
 Territories, and althoxigh, as the work of exploration continues to be carried 
 into the more distant troughs and recesses of the Rockies, other and similar 
 deposits may bo found, still it is highly improbable. Even if such dis- 
 coveries should be made, that at least for some time to come they cannot.be 
 made available simply on account of their inaccessibility and the great outlay 
 requisite to bring the coal within reach of railway communication. A great 
 deal more might be said on the subject ; but I consider it would be super- 
 fluous. 
 
 Professor Donald's anlyses have been most carefully made, and they 
 speak for themselves, and go to prove conclusively, that the Cascade River 
 coal IS entitled to rank among the best and most valuable of the 
 "Anthracite." 
 
 Respectfully yours, 
 
 A. MACKENZIE, C. E. 
 
 TRANSPORTATION. 
 
 Canadian Pacific Railway Company, 
 
 Office of tup: Vice-President, 
 MoLeod Stewait, Esq. Montreal, 8th October, 1884. 
 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 Enclosed I send you a copy of my letter to Mr. Cameron regarding 
 coal rates, which have been -approved by our Board of Directors. 
 
 Replying to your telegraiu of yesterday, I will say that we will 
 execute a formal agreement, if necessary for your purposes. 
 
 Yours truly, 
 
 W. C. VANHORNE, 
 
 Vice-President. 
 
 Canadian Pacific Railway, 
 
 Office of the Vice-President, 
 
 Montreal, October 8th, 1884. 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 I beg to enclose this schedule of rates on coal from your proposed 
 coal mines near BantT Station, which I trust will prove'satisfactory. 
 
 With regard to a track connecting your lines with our main lines, I 
 have lo say that our rules do not admit of the construction of private tracks 
 outside ot our right of way, biit if your company will prepare the necessary 
 roadway for the track, we will furnish the rails, ties and fastenings, and 
 put them in place at absolute cost, and wo will rebate to your company 
 10 per cent, of your freight bills on coal shipments until this outlay is 
 returned to you. 
 
 Yours truly, 
 
 W. C. VANHORNE, 
 
 Vice-Fresident. 
 
 ^ 
 
15 
 
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 acific 
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 milar 
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 River 
 r the 
 
 Rates on Coal from Banff Station— Canadian 
 
 west of Winnipeg. 
 
 Distances. 
 
 10 miles or under 
 
 ding 
 will 
 
 >osed 
 
 les, I 
 •acks 
 isary 
 and 
 ;)any 
 
 -y is 
 
 15 
 
 i< 
 
 20 
 
 II 
 
 2.5 
 
 11 
 
 SO 
 
 II 
 
 85 
 
 K 
 
 40 
 
 II 
 
 45 
 
 II 
 
 50 
 
 II 
 
 55 
 
 II 
 
 60 
 
 II 
 
 65 
 
 II 
 
 70 
 
 II 
 
 75 
 
 II 
 
 80 
 
 II 
 
 85 
 
 II 
 
 90 
 
 II 
 
 95 
 
 II 
 
 100 
 
 i; 
 
 110 
 
 II 
 
 120 
 
 II 
 
 130 
 
 II 
 
 140 
 
 II 
 
 150 
 
 II 
 
 160 
 
 (1 
 
 170 
 
 II 
 
 180 
 
 (1 
 
 190 
 
 II 
 
 200 
 
 II 
 
 210 
 
 II 
 
 220 
 
 II 
 
 230 
 
 II 
 
 240 
 
 li 
 
 250 
 
 II 
 
 260 
 
 11 
 
 270 
 
 (1 
 
 280 
 
 11 
 
 290 
 
 II 
 
 300 
 
 11 
 
 310 
 
 II 
 
 320 
 
 11 
 
 330 
 
 11 
 
 340 
 
 11 
 
 350 
 
 11 
 
 360 
 
 11 
 
 370 
 
 11 
 
 380 
 
 11 
 
 390 
 
 11 
 
 Pacific Railway, 019 milei 
 
 Bates per ton. 
 
 $1 00 
 1 10 
 1 20 
 1 25 
 1 30 
 1 85 
 1 40 
 1 45 
 1 50 
 1 65 
 1 60 
 1 65 
 1 70 
 1 75 
 1 80 
 1 85 
 1 90 
 
 1 95 
 
 2 00 
 2 05 
 2 10 
 2 20 
 2 25 
 2 30 
 2 35 
 2 40 
 2 50 
 2 55 
 2 60 
 2 70 
 2 75 
 2 80 
 2 90 
 
 2 95 
 
 3 00 
 3 10 
 3 15 
 3 25 
 3 30 
 3 40 
 3 45 
 3 60 
 3 60 
 3 65 
 3 70 
 3 80 
 3 85 
 3 95 
 
16 
 
 Rates on Coat, i\i:., — Concluded. 
 
 I)lstance<<. 
 
 400 miles or under 
 
 410 " .... 
 
 420 
 
 
 430 
 
 
 440 
 
 
 460 
 
 
 4G0 
 
 
 470 
 
 
 480 
 
 
 490 
 
 
 500 
 
 
 r.S.-) 
 
 
 550 
 
 
 575 
 
 
 919 miles to AVinnipcg 
 
 Rate 
 
 lev Ton 
 
 4 
 
 00 
 
 4 
 
 10 
 
 4 
 
 20 
 
 4 
 
 30 
 
 4 
 
 40 
 
 4 
 
 45 
 
 4 
 
 55 
 
 4 
 
 G5 
 
 4 
 
 70 
 
 4 
 
 80 
 
 4 
 
 90 
 
 5 
 
 10 
 
 5 
 
 30 
 
 5 
 
 50 
 
 5 .)0 
 
 The foregoing schodule ol rates tncourages the shipment of coal to 
 distant points. The new provinces of ^Manitoba, Assiniboia and AU^erta, 
 comprise an immense region of l)oth Hat and rolling prairie, of grassy plains 
 and magnificent rivers, having a soil capable of both husl?andry and herding, 
 as is proven to-day by thousands of new farms where so recently i^revailed 
 the wild monotony of nature. Into this unmeasured domain, nearly 1,000 
 miles in length, east and west, by at least £00 in width, north of the 49th 
 parallel (the international boundary) are coming with the focilities of this 
 new trans-continental railway now being constructed, hundreds and 
 thousands of the more hardy populations of Northern latitudes of Ontario, 
 Quebec, Northern Europe, and also from the Northern United States, already 
 accustomed to long winter terms. To these — the coming multitudes — 
 nothing can so firmly establish them in their new homes as the positive 
 assurance of an unfailing supply of the best quality of coal, at such low 
 rates as will partially compensate for the severity of winter, and also enable 
 the emigrant farmer to overcome the adversities of pioneer life. 
 
rl 
 
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