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CONTRIBUTIONS
^^
TO TlIK
NATURAL HISTORY
OK
NOVA SCOTIA.
BY J. MATTHEW JONES, F. L. S.
INSECl'A
COLEOPTERA.—Part I.
HALTFAX, NOVA SCOTIA.
PRINTED BY^ JAMES HOWES & SONS, BEDFORD ROW
(^ 1870.
emit
^^.
NOVA SCOTIAIT COLEOPTEEA.
#■
To form ii complete list of any purtieular order of insects
inhabitin<^ a country of some extent, requires the united labour of
divers entomologists, and that continuous for several years ; but in
a new, and I may almost say, imtouchcd field * like the jn'ovince of
Nova Scotia presents, the isolated entomologist can look forward
to nothing better than a meagre addition from time to time to the
small collection he is able to form. It is to be hoped, however,
that our Institute is gradually maturing the work it was designed
to effect, viz. : the engendering in the minds of our people a love
of nature ; and that ere a few years have elapsed, some of its
members will take up the study of entomology, and render service
in the cause of promoting a knowledge of that interesting branch of
Natural History.
The services of an entomologist, who can set before the inhabi-
tants of the land in \\hich he lives the various injuries done by
certain species, and the direct benefits conferred by others, arc of
great value ; and as there is no country in the world in which the
pcoiilc do not suffer in a greater or lesser degree from damage to
growing crops, produce in bulk, clothing materials, and in fact
almost every thing capable of being injured by the myriad forms of
insect life which eveiywhere exist, a knowledge of insects, their
habits, haunts, and economy, is very desirable, as it may be the
means of saving nnich valuable property, even to the extent of
many thousand i)ounds per annum. Indeed, a writer in a recent
American magazine assei'ts that " takiruf one year with another
the United States , suffer from the depredations of noxions insects
to the annual amount o/'$8()0,()00,00()."
Under these circumstances, therefore, it is a matter of some
importance to ascertain whether injurious insects are to be found
* I nni not aware of any collection ever liavinti been made in tli's country and
eciontiflcally described, save that of Lieut. liednian, wlio some 40 years ago
collected for tiie British Museum, and in tlie cabinet of which institution it may
now be seen still in an excellent state of preservation. It is cliietly composed of
Diptera.
3
abundantly or othcrwlrtc in the country wc live in ; and hence, the
necessity of publishing' lists of native insects as often as the dili-
gence of collectors will allow of such publications. If for this and
no other reason this present incomplete list of the Coleoptera of the
province is oifered to the Institute I trust it will be received as a
small contribution to our monthly papers, and that ( i). v. ) I may be
allowed to continue the subject at sf>me future time.
I must not omit to express the ..bligation I feel myself under to
the Rev. C. J. S. Bethune, of (Jredit, Ontario (Secretary to the
Entomological Society of Canada), who very kindly identified
nearly the whole of the species comprised in this list ; and to
Melsheimer's Catalogue of United States Coleoptera, and Mr.
Ritchie's excellent Catalogue of .Montreal Coleoptera, published ui
the ' Canadian Naturalist,' I owe my synonyma.
Fam. C1CINDELID.E.
Gen. CiCINDELA.
1. Ciclndela vulyaris, Say.
C. obliquata, Dej.
C. Tranquebarica, Herbst.
2. Clcindela albilahris, Kirby.
(J. longilabris, Say.
(\)mmon in the interior of the country, particularly on the
hi.diroads about Truro. It is not so common, however, in the
ne^diborhood of the Atlantic coast, where C. 12 guttata is more
abundant.
This species, which seems to be rare in the Northern United
States and Canada West, is of frequent occurrence in the neighbor-
hood of Halifax : indeed, I may almost say more abundant than
C vulgaris. There can be no mistake as to the insect, for the
Icno-thened light coloured labruni is peculiar to this species. From
the feet of its being, as f^ir as I have observed, only common over the
more barren portions of this province, coupled with the knowledge
of its also frequenting the barren shores of the Arctic Sea.in lat.
70O N where it was taken by Sir John Richarnson, as also Fort
Simpson, on the Mackenzie River ; it would appear that the rocky
•md uncultivated districts of North America, in the vicinity of the sea,
sparaely clothed witli ve-retatioii, are more suited to its habits. Of
ci^rht Hpecimens now before me, Home have the white dots and
an<ruhir medial marking on the elytra miieh more distinct than
others. It makes its appearance in spring' earlier than any of our
Cicindelas, as I have taken it at the end of April.
3. Clrindeln 12, fjnttuta, iJej.
0, ProteiiK, Kirby.
This may be considered the most common species in the nel<,di-
borhood of Halifax, where, in open spots, and more especially
♦« Halifax Common," it may be taken in hundreds. On that portion
of this open plain called " Cami) Hill," those parts which are desti-
tute of n^nusy, jirc perfectly riddled with the larval holes of this
insect. In damp, fo^r<.y, „r rainy weather, T have observed it
lying partially torpid beneath surface stones.
4. Cicindehf > Of this rare species I have only three
specimens, which I have not yet identified.
->. Cicindela > Another species, rare, and undeter-
mined.
Fam. CARABID.E.
Gen. Elaphuus.
ElapJims ruscaruts, Say.
E. Americanus, I)ej.
The only specimen I have seen, is one in the possession of
Mr. Arthur Silver, by whom it was taken at River Bank, Preston.
Gen. Calosoma.
Calosoma calidum, Fabr.
G. lepidum^ Lee.
This carab cannot be considered as abundant in the neighbor-
hood of Halifax, although fine specimens may be obtained in the
heat of summer on " the Common " hunting amid the scanty her-
bage for prey. I have never observed it in the forest. It appears
to be partial to the colder regions of North America, and specimens
have been taken as far north as the Mackenzie and Slave Rivers,
between lat. 58° and G5° N.
Gen. Cychrus.
Cychrus Lecontei, Dej. Rare. I have only taken one
specimen.
Gen. PtkU()st[('1iij8.
1. Plet'OHtichan lucublancfiiH^ Lcc.
Feronia Incnblandus, Say.
Poecilns laciihhindux, Kirby.
Common under stoncis ; Ilalifjix common. A pungent odour
emanates from it when handled.
2. P. chalcites, Lee.
Feronia chalcitcft, Say.
Poeciluti Saf/ii, lirulle.
Poectlus chalcites, Kirhy.
PoeciluH micdns, Chand.
Very eommon in gardens during the liottest thiys of'suunner.
3. Pterostichus ? A large species ; rare.
4. Ptefostichiis ? Rare.
Gen. Platvmts.
1. PlaUjnus exfensicolli.s', Lee.
Feronia extensicollis. Say.
Anchomemin extensicolliti, Ibid.
^1. Lecontei, Dej.
— var. ])roxi)mi,s', Harris, New. Eng. Farmer.
Common under stones on the shores of Ilalifax harboiu*, near
tidal marks. This insect must be able to lead a i)artially amphibi-
ous life, for I find the places it frc(picnts perfectly wet with the
salt water.
2. Pldtynus cuj)ripennls, Lee.
Feronia cupripenms, Say.
Agonnm cuprijyeyinc, Dej.
Very connnon in gardens, where it may be found all day and
also in the darkness of night, busily searching for food.
3. Platijnus ? This, and two or three other species in
my collect}.on, yet undetermined.
Gen. AniARA.
Amara obesa, Say.
Percosia obesa, Lee.
Of this carab I have only obtained one specimen, and consider
it rare about Halifax.
jr
ir
i-
le
1(1
in
Fani. DYTISCID^E.
Gen. DvTiscus.
Dt/tiscHs mavffinaUH, Linn.
Not unconiinon in tlie lakes with which this province abounds.
It answers in cvciy i)artiouhii' the characteristics of the European
sj)ecic8.
Gen. IIvDATicus.
1. TLjdaticHH ? Species undetermined. It appears early,
as I have observed it ni()vin<r about in a lake on the 4th of April.
2. TlydaticHx ? Species undetenuincd.
Fam. GYRINID.E.
Gen. GvKiNus.
Gyvimis v Verj common on all our lakes and streams,
ap[)caring about the last week of April.
Fam. SILPIIID^E.
Gen. Necuophorus.
1. N'ecrophorus Americanui^, 0\\v.
■N'. ffrandLs', Fabr.
JV. vircjinicus, Frolich Natf.
Conunon in putrid carcases of animals.
2. Ma-ophorus orbicolUs, Say.
AT. Ilallil, Kirby.
^. 4 maciilntus, Dej.
var. tibialis, Lcc.
Not quite 80 connnon as the preceding species, in similar
situations.
3. jSfecfophovus velutinus, Fabr.
AT. tomentosus, Web.
Not common.
4. iVecrophorus ? A fine species somewhat larger than
A^. orbicollis; rare.
5. JVecrophoncs ? A small species; rare.
G
Gen. SiLi'ifA.
Sil})h(i SurinamensiH, Fuhr.
y^ecrodes SHn'uf/nimsis Oliv, et Ilerhst.
Common in putrid Hcsh, wiMi the Xcn'oplinrl. Soim^ sprcimoiis
arc of'ii li;;lit clu'.xiiiit colour aiul smaller than the darker ones.
2. Si'fpha AniericdiKf, Linn.
Olr.eoplonut irffinc, Kirhy.
N^ecrophUd pi'ltKta^ Lcc.
tScnraftcns peltdins^ Catcs.
By far the most ('(nnnKm ofoin- SUphn'.
3. Sllph(( inarf/inalis, Fal).
Oiceoptonm nKfrf/iiKtfff, Kirby.
O. noveltoraceiii'ttH, Forst.
Conunon.
4. 8ilpha lappnulcd, Tiinn.
ThnuntophUui< candatns, Say.
T. tubercnlata, (rcnn.
T. CaUfoniica, Mann.
T, granigera, Chcvr.
Hare about Halifax. This species appears to liavc a wide ran^e
in North America, havinji; been taken at Lake Superior, and as far
north as the Alackenzie and Slave rivers.
Fam. STAPIIYLINIIXF.
Gen. CuEOi'iiiLUS.
Ci'eophiliis vlllosHfi, Grav.
Staph f/l inns villosiis, Kirby.
*S'. fasciatus, Lap.
Not unconunon in decayed animal, and more particularly,
vegetable matter, cattle droppings, &c. This species it also known
in the Hudson's Bay Territory.
Gen. LKisTOTifOi'HUS.
Leistotrophus cingnlatus, Perty.
Staj)hyUnuH cingnlatus, Grv.
5. s])ecio.snfi, Mann.
S. chn/siirus, Kirby.
Not common.
Note. — Two or three other Staphylines undetermined.
1. J lister
'2. I lister
F.im. iiistkiudj:.
Gen. IIiHTKU.
■? iriulotonnined ; nirc.
• ? Aiiollior nj)ccie« ; rare.
Finn. DKILMKSTID.E.
CJen. Dkh.mkstks.
Dennnstcs /arddriiis, Linn.
Very connnon. A i)erfert nnifiiinoc to the oolleotor, whose
zoological ypcciiucns aro never Huf'c from its ruviigcs.
Fiun. BYHRIIID.E.
Gen. IhuuHUS.
? Not (leterniined.
? Xot dctenninod.
JJt/rr/iHs
IJi/rr/iKs
Fani. SCAiaiLEID.E.
(icn. Ai'iiODius.
1. AphodiHn J'ossor., Fiihr,
Scarahams foHsor, Linn.
Common in cattle droppings.
2. AphodtUH Jimcfariu}^, Ilald.
A. nodifron.s. Hand.
Scarahmud Jimetarins, Linn.
Very common. It is one of the first insects to 'ip})car in spring
as soon as the frost disai)pear8, frequenting the highi-oads, Avhere it
alights upon the cattle droppings. It is identical with the British
species, being of similar size to those I have taken in Xorth Wales ;
but smaller than those taken in Dorsetshire.
3. Aj)hodh'.s sci/ljalarins, Fabr.
This European form is not unconuuon about Halifax in company
with the preceding species. There can be no doubt as to its iden-
tity, for I have English specimens of my own collecting for
comparison. I do not find it in any of the American catalogues.
I
*1
8
Gen. Seuica.
Serica vesjiertina, Lcc.
Melolontha vesjyertina, Sclion.
Omalojilia vespertina, ILir.
Camptorhina atricapilla, Kirby.
Very common, It liybernates in the ground, and many speci-
mens may be procured where ploughing is going on Late in the
autumn.
Gen. DiPLOTAXis.
Diplotaxis lihcrta. Germ.
D. moesta. Say.
D. tristis, Kirby.
Not common.
Gen. Laciinostkhna.
Laclmosterna fnsca, Lee.
Melolontha fnsca, Frohl.
M. quercina, Kroch.
M. fervens, Gyll.
Gen. OSMODEHMA.
Osmoderma scuhra, Dej.
Trlchiiis scahra. Beau v.
Gymnodus foveata, Kirby.
Rare ; taken by Mr. Arthur Silver, at liiver Bank, Preston.
Gen. Tiaciiius.
Trichlus piyer, Fabr.
T. rofundicoUis, Kirby.
T. Dnimnondii, Gor et Perch.
Common ; on the Avild rose and other flowering shrubs.
Fam. BUPllESTID.l^].
Gen. DiCERCA.
Dtcerca dlvaricata, Lee.
D. dub la, Melsh.
BaprestU divaricaia. Say.
Sfenuris divaricata, Kirby.
Not unct)mmon.
9
Gen. Ancixocheira.
1. Aiicylocheira maculiventris, Lee.
Biqyrestis macultventris, Say.
U. sexnotata,, Lap.
Anovlis rust icoru lit, Kirbv.
Not imcoininon.
2. Anci/Iocheira /((sclata, Dej.
A. sexinaculata, llerbst.
Rare ; taken bv Afr. Artlmr Silver, at River Bank, Preston.
3. Anculochclra ? Rare ; a very ])eautifiil i^peeies about
tlie size of A. maculiventris. Elytra f,n'oove{l lon<,ntiitlinally
between five ridges, includin*,' suturals. Outer niarfriu deeply
Hidcnted, cujjrcous. Suture broadly niar«iincd witli eupreous, ex-
pandiuf^ anteriorly. The two central jri-ooves metallic green.
Thorax jiunctured, cupreous, metallic green.
Gen. C'lrALCOPHOKA.
Chalcophora virginica, Drurv.
C. virginiensis, Ilcrbst.
Ihqrrestis mariana, Linn.
Counnon.
Fam. ELATERID^E.
Gen. Elatp:k.
1. Elater nigricollis, llerbst.
Not unconnnon.
2. Elater ? A species having two buff' patches on
outer margin of elytra. Taken under dead spruce bark in Point
Pleasant W^oods.
Gen. Melanotics.
Meianotus scrobicollis, Lee.
Not common.
Gen. COHYMBITES.
Corymhites hieroglyjiMcus, Say.
Selatosomus hieroglyphicus, Steph.
Not uncommon ; taken by Mr. Arthur Silver, at River Bank,
Preston.
2
10
2. ConjmUtes aenpemiis, Lcc.
Mater aeripennis, Kirby.
E. approjiinqiians. Rand.
3. GorymhUes ? Species umletermmed.
NOTE.-Four or five other species of small size, undetermined.
Gen. AsAPUES.
Asaphes memnonlus, Ilerbst.
Not uncommon. .Ani^-uTi^v
Gen. riiOTL\U8.
Photlnus cormscus, Lac.
Lampyris corrusca, Linn.
Elhjchnia latlpennis, Motsch.
E. corrusca. White. (Brit. Mas. (^at.)
Piiractomena fenestralis, Melsli.
Very comm„n. Tl.is .pccios i» wiady dktribnted over the
northern pu-t» of An>erieu, .n,l i. found as far west as Lake
1. Photurls Pemisylvamca, Lee.
Lampyris versicolor, Fabr.
X. Pennsylvanica, De Geer.
Our conuuon fire %. The light euntted k sufficient to enable
the coUeetor to read the lines of his note book when the n.seet .s
held elose over it. It generally appears about the end o June, bu
i have seen it nuu.h earlier. It seen.s to delight u, dark n.ghts
with a close humid atmosphere.
.^ pf,oturls ? A small species, undetermined.
Fam. TENEBRIONID.E.
Gen. Uns.
Upis ceramboides, Fabr.
U. reticulata, Say.
Tenehrio ceramhoideH, Linn. ^ . a-xo
Not connncm. This species extends as for north as lat. M
near the southern confine of the Arctic Circle, and as far west as
the Mackenzie River.
11
Gen. Iphtiiinus.
Jphthinus serratus, Mann.
Nyctobates serratun, Beit.
Kot common.
Gen. Teneuuio.
Tenebrio obscurns, Fubr.
Not common.
Tenebrio molltor, Linn.
Not common.
Fam. MELOID^.
Gen. ^NIeloe.
Meloe an(/iislicollis, i>n\.
Halifax Common; abundant about the first week in June, when
the sexes pair.
Fam. OEDKMERID^.
Gen. Naceudes.
JSTacerdes mehmnra, Sclnmlt.
JSr. notata, Fabr.
JV. analls, Oliv.
iV. apiciaUs, Say.
Cantharis melamira^ Linn.
Rare.
Gen. Cantharis.
1 . Cantharis
■? Rare ; Taken by Mr. Artlmr Silver, at
Ri\er Bank, Preston.
2. Cantharis ? Rare ; Taken in the same locality.
;}. Cantharis ? Rare ; Taken in the same locality.
Fam. CURCULIONIDJ^^.
Gen. PissoDES.
Pissodcs ncmorensis, Germ.
Rare. Taken by Mr. Siher, at River Bank, Preston.
12
Gen. IIylobius.
1. Hylobius pales, Ilcrbst.
H. maceUus, Germ.
Very coinnion, frequenting? wooden dwellings and out-houses.
This beetle in the larva state is probably more destructive to om'
pine trees than any other in the province. Its ravages in certain
parts of the United States are very great, and the observant natur-
alist Wilson many years ago, endeavoured to befriend the family of
woodpeckers, by proving the vast amount of good they did in
consuming numberless larva? of this insect.
1. TLjlobtus ? Species undetermined.
2. Hylobins ? Species undetermined.
Fam. CU^niAMBYCIDiE.
Gen. Criocepiialus.
1. Crioccpludas agrestis, Kirby.
Common.
2. Cnoccphalus ?
Not common.
A smaller species undetermined.
Callidium.
Gen.
Callidium violaceum, Fabr.
Ceramhjx violaceus, Linn.
Rare. This is another insect destructive to the pine trees, and
is couunon to Europe and America.
Gen. Clytus.
1. Clytus ciipra'a, Say.
C. elevatus, La}).
C. sibhicoUis, Ibid.
Not conunon.
2. Clytus ? Another species undetermined, rare ; taken
by my eldest boy W. Salton Jones.
Gen. MONOIIAMMUS.
Monohammm titillator, Fabr.
Very common. Numbers of these insects may be obtained hi
the forest about August, where the Weymouth Pine (Pmns strobus)
13
lui3 been cut down. 1 have never, however, met with them on any
sj)eeie8 of Abies, althoiifrli yonie lay near the pines. From this
circumatance T ani inclined to believe that the larva lives in our
connnon pine.
2. Monohammns scutcUatns, Say.
M. resutor, Kirby.
Very common. Also taken on the newly fallen Weymouth
Pine. This species has an extensive range in British America,
being found as far north as lat 03°, and as far west as the Mac-
kenzie River.
Monohammns ? A very handsome species, rather larger
than M. tilillator, with elytra and thorax prettily dappled with
patches of white and yellow hairs, and the whole shining with a
gloss as if varnished. I have only one 8j)ecimen in my collection
taken at Mount I niacke, and kindly given me by the hospitable
owner of that charming retreat, the Kev. Fitzgerald Uniacke.
Gen. Sapeuda.
Super (la Candida, Fabr.
S. hiviltata, Say.
Rare. In the larval state this is the well known apple tree
borer of the northern United States, which commits such sad ravasfcs
in the orchards. The only specimen I possess was taken at the
foot of an apple tree at Ashbourne. In the apple growing districts
of Annapolis and Cornwallis it may be more common than it is
near Halifax, where these fruit trees are not much cultivated.
Gen. Rtiagium.
Rhagium lincatum, Kirby,
Stenocorus lineatus, Oliv.
Common.
Gen. Typocerus.
Typocenis fugax, Fabr.
Strangalia fugax, Sch.
Lej)t7im tennior, Kirby.
Extremely common ; frequents the yellow Idossoms of t\\Q Golden
Rod (SoUdago) and other flowers.
14
Gen. Lei'TLUa.
1. Leptura elegans, Lcc.
Strangalia elegans, Dcj.
Rare.
2. Leptura vittata, 01i\-.
L. abbreviata, Germ.
L. semivittata, Kirby.
liarc.
3. Leptura auripilis, Lee.
Not imcouunou.
4. Leptura Canadensis, Oliv.
L. tenuicornis, llald.
Common.
5. Leptura erythroptera, Kirby.
L. cinnamoptcra, I laid.
Rare.
G. Leptura chryscoma, Kirby.
Rare.
7. Leptura V Species umlctcrmincd ; rare.
8. Leptura '? Small species umletermined ; rare.
Fara. CIIRYSOMELIDiE.
Gen. CnRYSO]«ELA.
1 . Chrysomela Fhiladclphka, Linn.
Calligrapha Philadelphicu, Chev.
Hare.
2. Chrysomela polygoni, Linn.
This European form is very common in the neighbourhood of
Halifax on grass stalks in waste ground.
8. Chrysomela elegans, Oliv.
Rare. Taken by Mr. A. Silver at River Bank, Preston. The
vertical yellow stripes on the elytra and the marginal band of the
same colour around the thorax, are sometimes deep orange.
4. Chrysomela ? A species of the size of C. Philadcl-
ph ica, undetermined .
5. Chrysomela —
■ ? L^ndetermined ; rare.
n
I of
The
the
15
Fam. COCCINETJJD^.
Gen. CorC'!NELLA.
1. CoccincUa frifasciuta, Linn.
C pcrplexa, AIuls.
Common.
2. CoccincUa bijiimctata, Linn.
Adalia hioculatu, Say.
Extremely ahundant.
Gen. IIiproDA.MiA.
HiiiiH)dami<i IS pifnctato, Linn.
H. tibialis, Say.
Rare. Taken by ^Iv. A. Silver at River Bank, Preston. This
speeies has a wide range over British America, bcinj^ found at
Lake Superior, and as far to the north-west as Great liear Lake
in lat ()90 N. long 12(P AV.
Gen. Mysia.
Mysia \b punclala, Muls.
CoccincUa 15 jnmctata, Oliv.
Anatis nudi, Say.
A. lahicuUita, Ibid.
I have only taken one specimen of this insect.
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