CIHM
Microfiche
Series
(l\/lonograplis)
ICI\1H
Collection de
microfiches
(monographies)
M\
Canadian Inttituta for Historteal MIcroraproductiont / Inititut Canadian da microraproductiont hiatoriquaa
995
Technical and Bibliographic Notes / Notes technique et bibliographiques
The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original
copy available for filming. Features of this copy which
may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of
the images in the reproduction, or which may
significantly change the usual method of filming are
checked below.
Q
D
D
D
Coloured covers /
Couverture de couleur
I I Covers damaged /
' — ' Couverture endo nmagee
I I Covers restored and/or laminated /
— ' Couverture restauree et/ou pellicuiee
I I Cover title missing / Le litre de couverture manque
I I Coloured maps / Cartes geographiques en couleur
I I Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black) /
Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire)
r/T Coloured plates and/or illustrations /
' — ' Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur
I I Bound with other material /
' — ' Relie avec d'autres documents
Only edition available /
Seule edition disponible
Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion
along interior margin / La reliure serree peut
causer de I'ombre ou de la distorsion le long de
la marge interieure.
Blank leaves added during restorations may appear
within the text. Whenever possible, these have
been omitted from fNming / II se peut que ceifaines
pages blanches ajoutees lors d'une restauration
apparaissent dans le texte. mais, kiisque cela etait
possible, ces pages n'ont pas ete fHmees.
L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilleur examplaire qu'il lui a
et6 possible de se procurer. Les details de eel exem-
plaire qui sont peut-§tre uniques du point de vue bibli-
ographique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite,
ou qui peuvent exiger une modifications dans la m6th-
ode normale de filmage sont indiqu6s ci-dessous.
I I Coloured pages / Pages de couleur
I I Pages damaged/ Pages endommagees
I I Pages restored an*or laminated /
— ' Pages restaurees et/ou pellicuiees
r^f Pages discoloured, stained or foxed /
— ' Pages decolorees, tachetees ou piquees
I I Pages detached/ Pages detachees
r^ Showthrough / Transparence
I I Quality of print varies /
' — I Qualite inegale de I'impression
I I Includes supplementary material /
Comprend du materiel supplementaire
I I Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata
— ' slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to
ensure the best possible image / Les pages
totalement ou partiellement obscurcies par un
feuillet d'errata, une pelure, etc., ont ete fllmees
a nouveau de fa^on a obtenir la meilleure
image possible.
I I Opposing pages with varying colouration or
— ' discolouratlons are filmed twice to ensure the
best possible Image / Les pages s'opposant
ayant des colorations variables ou des decol-
orations sont fllmees deux fois afin d'obtenir la
meilleur image possible.
23
Addttkinal comments /
Commentajres supplementajres;
Pagination Is as folia
I p. [1], 79-108.
This imn it f ilmad at the raduction ratio chackad balow/
Cc docwnani «t filme su taux de rMuctioti indiqiji ct-deswus
Z2X
12X
Th« copy filmtd har* hu baan raproductd thanki
to tha ganarotity of:
National Library of Canada
L'axamplaira filmt fut raproduit griea i la
pintrotiU da:
Blbllotheque natlonale du Canada
Tha imagaa appaaring hara ara tha bait quality
poitibia considaring tha condition and lagibility
of tha original copy and in kaaping with tha
filming contract apacificationi.
La* imagat luivanta* ont ttt raproduiiai avac la
plus grand (oin, compta tanu da la condition at
da ia nattata da Taxamplaira film*, at an
conformita avac ia* condition* du contrat da
filmaga.
Original eopia* in printad papar eovara ara fllmad
baginning with tha front covar and anding on
tha last oaga with a printad or illuatratad impraa-
«ion, or tha back covar whan appropriata. All
othar original copia* ara filmad baginning on tha
firat pa^a with a printad or illuatratad impraa-
sion. and anding on tha lait paga with a printad
or illuatratad impraasion.
Tha last racordad frama on aach microficha
shall contain tha symbol —^ (maaning "CON-
TINUED"), or tha (ymbol ▼ (maaning "ENO"l.
whichavar appiia*.
Map*, plataa. charu. ate. may ba filmad at
diffarant raduction ratios. Thosa too larga to ba
antiraly inciudad in ona axposura ara filmad
baginning in tha uppar iaft hand cornar, iaft to
right and top to bottom, as many framas as
raquirad. Tha following diagram* illustrsta tha
mathod:
Laa axamplairaa originaux dont la couvartura an
papiar aat imprimto sont fiimts an commanqant
par la pramiar plat at an tarminant soil par la
darniAra paga qui comporta una amprainia
d'imprassion ou d'illustration, soit par la sacond
plat, salon la cas, Tous las autras axamplairas
originaux sont filmas an commancant par la
pramiara paga qui comporta una amprainta
d'impraasion ou d'illustration at an tarminant par
la darniara paga qui comporta una talia
amprainta.
Un das symbolaa suivants spparaitra sur la
darniara imaga da chaqua microficha, salon la
cas: la symbols ■^ signifia "A SUIVRE", ia
symboia ▼ signifia "FIN".
Las cartas, planchas. tablaaux, ate, pauvant ttra
filma* a das taux da raduction diffarants.
Lorsqua la documant ast trop grand pour ttra
raproduit an un saul clicht, il ast filmt A partir
da I'angia supAriaur gaucha. da gaucha 1 droits,
at da haut an bas, an pranant ia nombra
d'imagas nacassaira. Las diagrammas suivants
illuatrant la mathoda.
1
2
3
1
2
3
4
5
6
MICXOCOPY RESOIUTION TEST CHART
(ANSI ond ISO TEST CHART No. 2)
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_^ APPLIED IN/HGE In
^Sr 1653 East Moln Street
S'.JS Rachestef, New fork '4609 uSA
'*aS (716) 482 - OJOO - Phone
== (716) 288 - 5989 - Fok
Ss. ^PLEMENT.
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^= E*DUCA'*^I0NAb6ERIES.
iagi5i5iatsi5isiaL5i5i5laL5i5ig1aL5i5i5fq
The Practical Speller
Part IV.
20th Century Edition of Praotleal
Speller contains these Supple-
mentary Lessons.
KOTE TO TEACHER
TiiK following i-a-os, f.,n„i„g Part I^^, are
<h1«1.'.1 t.. tliu I'Oth Cei.tun- E.liti...i ,.f the
Pra.-ti.-i.i Speller. They are iml.lish,.,! in
this f«,rm in order that i.tipiLs who uro now
using the previous edition may obtain this
additional chapter without exin-nse.
As the paging of these selections is uniform
with the paging in the enlarged edition,
I'Oth can he used in the sjime class without
any intonveuieuce.
THE PI 3LISHERS.
PART IV.
The Parts of a Letter.
1.
The P«rt» of • letter arp
!• thp lipadln«r,
". thn llllllri'MI,
8. Ihp HHlittatlon,
4. till' IhhIjt,
5. thf mU» 'iptloD.
TrL<VL|, 5. qoi.
^Ot-k UMX4 cLu-Eoi A.t'Cti.aM^.
Wt CL/u. ai^ 4/oAA>aA tlvcut ax<M^
-^VOxi to- It.CX'TM, (IaXo-o^. K/t
u>Vu, {amXyx, Ltd.
7»
do
gage's PBACTICAL SPELLEfi.
Jl\^ it-Uy^JhuA- CLOV-cL (X-&'&
'Y'
•O-U/L
•)/bU/n,-cU ^yvL, d/CTLO-o-i. vo-vvb on-t- Loo-
umAtu/to^ Ojio-u, a- ^jai<,-cul<i/yxi o^-o.-
(KlXc/O-OO-.
J<MJ->|iH/00/t3- thxii OyWM^ clAx al-
to- UMxtt to- OOOX cJ^huTL, A CLOOO.,
l/eA/0^ b\MXnj., ojyo-uA. •pixtoa'cL,
"Wmxoo. I cl/U/o-oo^.
2. The address is sometimes written at the end of
the letter. Thus the preceding letter might have been
concluded in thia way : —
THE PABT8 OP A LETTER. 81
to- u>aJju to- rrru, o-pji,^, ^L a/rrh,
U(A^ iAAA^^, yo-uA. ^WlynA^
MujL/r\, raAAo-oa4,.
3. In order to call special attention to the different
parts of a neatly-written letter, the following letter is
printed with the names of the separate parts indicated
in small italic type.
Observe carefully :
(a) The various items that make up each part.
(b) The commas and the periods in the heading, in
the address, in the salutation, and in the sub-
scription.
Some prefer to punctuate the address with a colon,
thus :— Joseph n. Morrison,
Front St., Toronto, Ont;—
82
gage's practical speller.
4. If the bo<ly of the letter touches uj^oii severul dif-
f.Tent topics, eaeh topie .shoul.I l,e treHte,! i„ a separate
paiaj,'iaph, as in the letter on pafr,..s 7» aii<i 80.
!20 it.
(firadtnf/.)
(Address.)
<£W. in, iqoo.
f-talulntion.)
(Body of the letter.) LL-tXo-U)- 'VTU, to-
^?ayct, u>-^^o-'ja'L->^o-<iM to- n^-UU t^
THE PARTS OF A LETTER.
83
o-^e. u>-^^e, £^e, Uu^ {^ |,^
-v^v^^ it ctU. to- 41^, lU-u.
^m.?.
(Subscriptum.)
84 GAGE'S PRACTICAL 8PELLEH.
5. Here is a diagram .sl.owing the proper position
, f Heading, t
fArifirffta.l
(StUutatinn. I
(Paragraph imirnt.l
(Paragraph indent.)
THE PARTS OF A LETTER.
85
"^ompUmrn tnry rin., I
6. Rule se^-eral sheet, of paper showing the proper
arrange!
exercise re,,eatedly until j„u ^a.i finish a
three minutes
this
page in two or
7. Write the following letters from dictation :_
36 gage's pbactioal. speller.
^^^ |vo-^ ^o^ ,P^t^ ^^_
to- -,x<^noax a. ti/mx ^!U^ X ^r^yo^
IM:W^^X to- cu4 cl ^<',.o^yvcLi
THE PABTS OP a BETTER.
87
JO r . CU^^,it 13. qoi.
H- r^t ^^ a..^^, to. tiu.
96
OAOE'S PBACnCAL 8PELLEK.
•^u/vw to- a. >J3x>^t io^ lAe, <WcLt oi
tAxt-d, to- 4.UMyvru clumxoj- t-o- <i.u-
am/o-tlLt't io--^, cu^L-o- uvcLd, tuxcL
to- cL'wo-tluA, /|a.-o-<lt uy|i t^ d>utd,
V oo-ou!<ioa.'t, CL-wd Uuyu. It-CL-cL to-
tm, uMa,t<A.
3 W<>. -yyvuaI it ^-o-U oi ^-cu)-
X'Wti il ikiyvJk ^\p>~o^ ^yyuaaI -Lcuu-e,
THE PAKTS OF A LETTER.
PAxttn
89
umZI
W cLt>- oo^t C<XVl^ tl^t^ oj|.
■'yy\jL6.
8. («) Write a letter of recommendation for a
personal friend.
(A) Write an application for a position as teacher
in a neighboring town.
('•) Write a note of thanks for some favor received.
('/) Write, extending an invitation to a friend to
dine with you.
W Write a note acknowledging the rt«eipt of .
check for services.
90 (JAOE'h PHACTJCAL HI'ELLEK.
(./■) VVriU) II letUT li..ine to y„ur friends from Ber-
muda rNlaii.lx, where you have gone to sjH-nd
the winter, State reasons forgoing- descril)e
the cHinate of Bermuda— vegetation anil
fruits- amusements and pastimes— con
tni«t with Canada— state when you will
return.
9. Write two notes similar to the following ; -
My dear Harry, —
Next Wednesday will ho my birthday, and I pro-
pose to invite a f.-w intimate friends to celebrate the
event with me in the evening,. Will you come? I
am sure that we shall have a good time, so please
say "yes."
Vjurs sincerely,
417 Ro.se Ave., Toronto. jgj,
Mra. Henry B. Wa'lace requests the pleasure of Mr
and Mrs A. P. Stuart's company, Wednesday, June 16,
from seven to ten o'clock.
243 Forest Ave., London.
10. Here are several envelopes with the address
written upon them. Notice the item.s of the address,
study the punctuation marks, and observe where the
postage stamp should be placed. Notice the addresses
that indicate the post-office box. In large cities letters
are dehveied at the house, and the name of the street
and the number of the house are placed on the envelope
THE PAKTb OF A LETFEH.
91
l3o-oc 312.
AUxa4>-a}. Co-.,
1 1 U.-a^CL'vx.t-<,-c G>.
92
OAOE'S PRACTUAI. SPELLRR.
£• 13. atuM>.o^, Vn.A)..
"""", ""'^ "^dreH, them carefully and ,,lHi„iv T
12. The following cautions will «ave a great deal ,.f
t~«ble and annoyance if they are carefullySr':^'!'
<") Write very plainly. Do not scribble. Bev.ru
very particdar to urite all proper na.nc, J.'l
all figures leitli extreme care.
('') Do not crowd the words, especially near the
end Of a line. « there i.s not quite room for
a word mfull-sized letter, either begin on the
next hne or else divide the wori and put a
hyphen at the end of the lina A wor^
?
THE PARTS OF A I.ETTF.K.
03
i
('•)
('':
must not be divlaed except at the end of a
•yllable; f..r .•x.iinpl,., tl». w„i,| i:„l„.r muHt
not Ik, ,livi,|,..i tlius, feth-, I It uft.r ti.e
firxt ,vIIhI,I,, fa- ; «, farm- IS « »,■„,.« ,iivi.
M..I1 of fai ,..,.r. Always reply to a letter
promptly and make a note of the fact.
Hie m(«t simple, Wi.v in priv.ii,. coiT«p<.ii,|-
erice in to write a.iuss the fa,-,. „f tli.,,-riv,.|„pe
tlius, " Aiisttomi K.M'. 2O1I1, '00. " Preserve
all letters for a reasonable time. It is Uatrr
to r.fs.Tve ,r,r.v l„i,i„e,., |,.lt,.r in pro,».r
files. A business letter should be ai. short
as possible, and Icarly I'xpieHswl that
there cun 1m, 110 mistakin-tho exact mean-
ing intend,,!. Donot mix up other matters
Ina buslne.ss letter; stiik rigidly to the
point, an,l if n.-tessary oiielo.vM another letter
on the other subjects to Iw di.scu.si«-].
DICTATION EXERCISE.
A l,mg way down t:,at limpid ,vater, ,hill and bright
«.s an iceberg, went n.y little s,.|f that ,lay on man's
choice errand-^destruction. All the little fish seenieti
to knuw that I was one wlio ha,l taken out CkIs certi-
ficate, and meant to have the value of it ; e>eiy one of
them was asvare that we desolate more than rei,l,.nish
the earth. F,.r a cow might come and l„„k into Ih,-
water, an.l put her vellow lips down ; a kii.gli.her like
a blue arrow, might .shoot through the daik all,.,s ovei
the channel, or sit on a dipping withy-bough with his
94
GAGE'S PRACTICAL SPELLEK.
beak sunk into liis brea-st feathers ; even an otter might
float down the stream, likening himself to a log of w.kkJ
w.th his flat head flush to the water top, and his oily
eyes peering quietly ; and yet no panic would seize other
)!fe, as It does when a sample of man comes.
THE USE OF CAPITAL LETTERS.
Begin with a capital letter :
1. The first word of every sentence.
(a) Copy a page from a school Reader. Note care-
fully each capital letter as it occurs.
(h) Write a passage from dictation and put in the
capitals.
('■) Copy down a short extract which you know by
heart and insert all the capitals.
2. The first vord of every line of poetry.
Memorize the following extracts and then copy them
out from memory. Revise your writing by reference to
the book.
(«) Dare to be true ! Nothing can need a lie ;
A fault which needs it most grows two thereby.
('') Who struggles with his baser part,
Who conquers and is free.
He may n(jt wear a hero's crown
Or fill a hero's grave •
But trutli will place his name among
The bravest of the brave.
THE USE OF CAPITAL, LETTEKS.
f)5
3. Every proper noun and every proper adjective.
(a) Point out five prop<.r names in the suIkxiI Header.
(i) Make adjectives from these six nouns:- Eng-
land, Canada, France, George, Victoria,
Klizabetli.
((■) Write the names of tlie days of tlie week and
of tlie months of the year. Begin eacli
with a capital ; but observe that tlie names
of tlie four seasons do not take capitals, nor
do the words north, south, east, west, etc.,
except when they refer to certain districts
or to the people living there. The wind is
from the north. The South opposed the
North.
4. Common nouns personified.
Study the.se examples :
(a) Come, Evening, once again, season of peace ;
Return, sweet Evening, and continue long.
('') O Death, where is thy sting? O Grave, where
is thy victory 1
(c) O sacred Truth ! thy triumph ceased awhile
And Hope, thy sister, ceased witli thee to smile.
5. All names applied to God and to Jesus Christ
and the pronouns he and thou when they stand for
HIS name.
(a) Such expressions as the Eternal One, the
Supreme Being, the Almighty are example.s.
Select examples from the school Reader to
illustiate this rule.
96 GAGE'8 PEACrncAL SPELLER.
('') Glory to Thee, my Ood,t„isnigl,fc
W all the blessing, of tl,eli.ht ■
W„K. OkoepmcKingofKin..,
Beneath Thine own aln,ightywing.s.
6. AH titles of honor and respect.
Study tliese examples :_
(«) His Majesty King E.l.ard the Seventh
(*) The Queen's Most Excellent Majesty
« His Excellency the Governor-General
VV nte ten more examples of titles.
nuioZ evTntre'te!'"'''""''' P*"'«^- "^nominations.
Jt^y^the following e,.,„p,,3 ,„„ ^,, ^^^ ^^_^ ^^
Anglicans, Roman Catholics, Odd Fellows
Magna Charta, Fenian Raid, Gulf Stream.'
onftS-s-^irsirs^-at..
■(«) Be careful how you apply the old proverb
Honesty is the best policy "
('') The fox could not reach the grapes, so he said
^rt does not matter.! know the grapes ar^
unless It isTdefRuYrorTle^^'"'^" '^"-'
THE USE OF CAl'n;\L LETTERS. 97
(a) Find illustrations .,f this rule in the preceding
examples given under other rules.
CO There came a burst of thunder sound ; the l)oy,
oh ! where was he ?
(r) "Come bacL- ! come hack !" he cried in grief,
"Across this stormy water,
And I'll i rgive your Highland chief,
My daugliter ! oh, my daughter .'"
10. The titles of books, the headings of ehantBrc
fetU'i^oVthf ''^ 'V'''' "°"''"^' wo^cTatrS
letters fop the connecting words, that Is. the articles
prepositions, and conjunctions. '"e articles.
Study these examples :^ -
(«) Soug at the Feast of Brougham Castle, On the
Extinction of the Venetian Republic, The
Fate of Burns, The Girl at the Half-way
House. These are the names of poems,
essays, b<x)ks.
(A) Copy out from the school Re.uicr ten titles of
prose lessons and ten of -lieal lessons.
(c) Set down the title of a lecture, the name of a
book, the subject of a chapter.
11. Wherever there is any doubt about the use of
a capital letter It Is safe to use a small letter.
Somethhif, u kft to theju,>,iment of the u-rit.-r i„ rc.ard
to .ery important ward,, hut «r™ of capitah « M he
avouM.
98
GAGE'S PiUCIIUAL SPELLE1{.
DICTATION EXERCISES.
«2. Study the capitals in each extract.
(o) Once upon a time a clover barlK... ,„ n
a ,>et starling tl,at had learned ol: rUeTT' I.'"'!
tlie hab t of rcwji.;., . ■ " '«"■'«'■ had
"^o „,an could L d ne Z jn ',""" '"^■'■
-"1.1 say when he had shaved a e^t' " ''"•'''■'■
the best barW in Germany " XVI ,""""' '"■ "^ ""'
plans for the future he w , , T" ''" •''"'''' "^ ''"'■
-illing." And hloffn .7, "*'' " ^^ "'^ f''"''* ar;
the words, " By Wp „T , d """ '""'' """ •'"'^'^'^ -''l'
. oy Keeping Imd company."
(*) The starline once fln,„
joined some othef T. itX''.':""' '" ^''«'' ^"'
farmer's grain field R„f .. ■ «""'S '« ''"•^ a
^l.ieh tl.: farmer td!: ^^^ tCt 'f ' "^'
came to take them out of the n^i *"™''''
hear one of the birds sav Vo ^'^ "'"""'""^ '''
that better." MvCar?' ^Z T" """''' '""'^ ''«"^
a", the best Jber^?^„ ^'f'^ ^-^f. ^rr "^
"Then how came you here?" 1?, .T^l"'^ "" *"■■■''•
Wplng bad eompfn ."tlr h tr::^ " "^^
««h," said the farmer "fl,„f t . , ^" ^"^
"H the fates are w"h ',. " ! "^f '*"' >'"" '"""
"""«' answered the little starling
Wit? thirst: iLTri' :';r, ^"'™'"' - -^'^^-^
»pring to drink. Bu a dis ute^" ■""" '" ' "'*
of them should drink Lt ^T , '"^ "'''''' ^^^'^^
nnk hrst, and a desperate fight ensuing,
THE USE OP CAITTAL I.KrrEIiS. 99
the affair see,„ed likely t„ end i„ ,„„„,e,. After they
I'-i fougl.t a eonsiderable tin.o, .stopping W a , ,
«a""'g to devour the one whiel. „l,ould first fall Thi,
~a^e induced u.e. to di.n,i. tl,eir en,';:
^lyng, It „ Ix^tter for u.s to become friends thu, ,",
'e a .rey to vultures and erows ." Tl.e faMe s L ,
: 'J '° r\r "" '" -'•'''' <"-' -"Mention t
('/) For full two Lours the procession of boats borne
on the current, steered silentl, down the St wtcf
Ine stars were \isil.lp l.„f i • i ^^"iciice.
sufficientlyda k T ; 11^ "" "' moonless an.i
} ua.>K. ine general was in one of the fore
about hif "p'W?""""^ Churo}.y>..a " to the officers
which l„.s own fate was soon ,o illustrate :
" "^^^ ^"'^^ "f S'O'T l''ad but to the graNe."
"Gentlemen,' he said, as his recital ended, " I would
™ther have written those li„„s than take QuZ '
rt^iLr " "' '""■ "'"^ ""« '-" '•'---
100
OAGE^S PRACTICAL SPELLER.
Simple Rules for Spelling.
Some words end in SILENT c
please, and bride. ' ""'' '" ^'e, true,
''••'■'""/''''•■'•— Sale, sal ablfi • f... . •
P'ea» ure; bride, bridaj' ' "■" '«™; P'^-^e,
W Add to each word in the following list one
more suitable suffivp, u„ ". ^ °"*' °''
vowel, such as -in^ S'""'"« "'"' "
rv„c -^r *• —able, — ar — nr
-ous.-ible,-ate.-antetcl '''
wid th. ^' *'« dom,
"(e) Words ending in -jb ^p„„ ,.
SIMPLE RULES FOR SPELLING. IQl
-ly. fUI. -some. - xnem -~^«'"
ir'n:;:'""' '""'"'"^' "■'-"' '"--. ^--o,
('•) Distinguish flvin" inrJ ,i ■
last consonant is do^b ed Tefo™ J ""'""^'-wise the
with a vowel. ®^°™ * suffix that begins
I'l'e application of the rule i« ,.. i
<^^«.i.si,lering a few examni! V ^^ ^' ""'^«'«t"«i !'V
102
GAOE'h practical Sl'ELLEH.
/■.j^amplr^.^^-Roim (l,..,g), r<,l,i.>s ; but rob, robbing.
Sheep (long), «l,(.,.,,i,sl, ; but sliip, sliipping.
Weed (long), wredcd ; but wed, wedding.
Soon (long), »oone.st ; but sun, sunning.
Hide (long), riding; but rid, ridding.
(a) Add to the following word,, some en.iing
beginning with a vowel: ^Bear, bar; l>eat,
bet; break, brag, hope, liop ; huge, hug;
plane, plan; rote, rot; stone, stun; spite,
«pit; out, in; tune, tan; stare, star; wage,
wag ; steep, step.
^''^ ^'^'iiM^^^ *" "'"'' ''"''' ""'' ^P*""' 1"''- *"«'
Add — ed to rag, drug, web, flog, whiz, fag, wed.
Add — y to fin, sun, fun, knot, gum.
Add — er to run, tin, swim, spin, thin, span.
N.B.-This is merely the application of Rule IT! to
longer words and can be most ea.sily understood by
studying a collection of examples.
/•->«,«;,;&,. -Repeal, repealer, repealable; but repel,
repeller, repellant. Transmute, transmuting, transm^t-
able, transmuter; but transmit, tran.smitting, tran,-
mittible, transmitter. Compile, compiler, compiling;
but compel, compeller, compelling. Admire, admirer
admiring, admiration ; but admit, admitter, admitting
admittance. '
SIMPLE RULES FOK SPELLINfl. 1()3
W By adding ,. Hyll.U.le tlut begin., witi, „ vowel
fonn „tl„.>- «„nl.s from tl„.se :- Dot..,-, li„,|t'
«'XI»'l, l,..|n,..|, .iefer, lo.non, .ktu.-, U-n.-fit'
"•K."t bigot, omit, cuvet, In-gin, inhabit,'
ii>f«Pt, beggar.
. ^'?,"' -Many words ending in simrle r
double the ;. even ...ough the suL ,13 „ :
t^.e final consonant. The Words bias, WOrshio
kidnap, metal, humbug also double The w
consonant witb.ut „.. ....nt. Ho:! , 'nX
a^thon Ues prefer tbe .i.„p,er spelling and do not dou. le
he la.t consonant; thus we may write travelling or
trav^hng worsh.pper or worshiper, biassed or biased
Ihe shorter form is preferable.
Rule V. -Words ending In Y with a COXsoxant
before It change the nnal V into 1 before a sufflx
/•..™„,;*.,._Busy, business; deny. de„ i ed •
glor y, glor i ous ; beaut y. beaut i ful.
(«) But if two i-8. ,-...., ii, would result, then we
keep the y.
A'.«,«;,i.,,. Dry. drying, but driness;
baby, W.yish; -p y, eop y ,st, cop y-
inS, but c(,p i ed and cop i or.
(A) When s is added the final y U,„,n,es ie
.A.v,„,/'/..,_T„ry, tor ie s, but tor y i'sn, .
baby. Ubies, but babyism; spy'
Hpie.s, but spy i,,^, „„i ,,,.^.,j. jy'
allies, but allie,! and alliance.
104
OAOE'S PRACrriCAL SPELT EB.
(r) Also proper iiiimeti usually keep the y.
F.xamiilfs. -Tlio two Sail y s, tlie eight
Hem- y s, tho Maul y m, the Diil y k
atiil the Ponsonl) y 8. Thpre are a few
exceptions, as "Tlie two Sii;il ie k."
(rf) Several wnrds cliange y to e Ix'forn -OU8, as
Iwauteous, iMiuiiteous, duteous, miscellaneous,
piteous, plenteous.
Add some appiopriiito suffixes, as many aa
you can, to cueli of the following wortls : —
Arbitrary, controversy, defy, luxury,
magnify, mercy, tidy, fly, try, vary, rosy,
pity, pony, merry, Harry, harry, Sally,
sally, Mary, marry, Kuhy, ruby, fry,
giddy, lady, Lily, lily, jelly, gallery, Vwdy,
Daisy, daisy, pop|)y, army, worthv, supply,
lx>rry, carry, happy, gieeily, necessity, semin-
ary, propensity, magistracy, eccentricity,
incendiary, effigy, apology, fury.
Rule VI.— Words ending in Y with a vowel before
It keep the Y when other letters are added.
Examides. — Anno y s, anno y ing, anno y ed,
annoyance, annoyer; bo y isli, boyhood, Ijo y s ;
buoyant; buoys, buoyancy; buys, buyer,
bu y ing; mons y s, mone y ed, mone y lass,
mono y er.
Ej-vcptiortn. — The following words are irregular : —
[jaid, paid, said, unlaid, unpaid, unsaid, staid, daily,
gaily, drily, saith.
SIMI'LE KILKS FOK Sl'ELLINO.
105
(a) Add some u|i()i(i|iiiiit<' sullixrs, hh iimiiy na you
CUM, to cuL'h of tlii' folli>wiii;> wonls : Al)lx'y,
pruy, roy, alley, liiriiki'v, rsMiy, ciniiloy, luiv,
joy, convey, iiioiikey, journey, ]iiilli'y. j,'iilley,
envoy, (leliiy, nlliiy, grey, i,'av, |iiey,
('') Add er, ed, ing, ish, or est, us nmny jiH you
can, to eiieli of tlie following words : J)e(iiv,
defray, oIkt, sinvey, siriiy, poitray, liiisy,
easy, sleepy, lazy, liappy, l)ury, weary, flurry,
worry, tarry, envy, luury, speedy,
('•) Add us many appropriate suffixes as you can —
not less tliuii three— to each of the following
words:— Fancy, employ, tjoy, convey, silly,
supply, journey, penny, worthy, s|)<"cdy, buy,
dry, envoy, gallery, galley.
Rule VII.— In words that begrin with DIS and iMIs,
notice whether the word or root to which the prefix is
added begrins with S or not. If not, then there will be
only one 8, not SS.
E.mmjites. — From arm, (iisarni ; but from si)pnd, mis-
spend ; from take, mistake; but from state, misstate.
So also with roots ; distinguish, but dissuade ; misnomer,
but dissolve.
Missal, missile, mission, missive, misspell, misspend,
misshape, misstJite.
Disabuse, disappear, disagree, disallow, disol)ey, dis-
cuss, discover, dishonor.
Dissatisfy, dissect, dissimilar, dissyllable, dissipate,
dissociate, dissolute, dis.sunant.
106
OAOE's PKACTICAI, HI'F.I.I.ER.
VIII.— The oomblnatloni Kl and \K are trouble-
some. The following list contains most of the words
In which they occur. No useful rule can be ylven :—
el.
olieiHance,
counterfeit,
neither,
conceive,
heifiT,
ruign,
conceit,
lieighho.
foreign.
(icceivo,
heigh r,
sovereigfi
deceit.
heinouH,
rein.
perceive,
heir,
reindeer.
receive,
heircHN,
freight,
receipt,
xheik.
seize.
ceiling,
their,
seine.
deign.
skein.
seignior.
eight,
sleigh.
veil,
either,
sleight.
vein,
eider,
leisure.
inveigle.
feint,
mullein.
inveigh,
feign,
kaleidoscope,
weir.
forfeit,
neigh,
weird.
surfeit,
neighbor,
le.
weigh.
Uer,
lief.
reprieve,
specie,
liege.
retrieve.
species.
believe,
priest,
glacier,
belief.
series.
superficies,
relieve.
grief,
financier.
relief,
grievous,
SFMI'LK Itl'LEH KOK HI'KLLINd,
107
voii^«cienue.
cht'valirr.
frii'iid,
Hreniulier,
iiivriiier.
shrirvnlty,
shriek.
bri({iidier.
chniidelier,
Holdier,
die.
tfolKliiliKr,
lie.
UKxrieve,
He,
mien,
sieve.
flef,
field.
piwniei-,
niece.
<'uiriissier,
tie,
fiend,
fierce.
spaniel,
pie,
tier,
sortie,
cliief,
shield,
mischief.
pielwld,
piece,
pier,
frontier,
tierce,
vie.
Bchieve,
cashier,
thief.
pierce,
croupier,
brief,
wield,
yield,
lien.
IX. -The foUowlngr lists contain some exceptional
words :—
I«, as, us, yes, this, thus, if, of, j.i.s, l„is, ga,,, was,
clef, do not double the final consonant.
Butt, buzz, fuzz, add, odd, ebb, egg, err, purr, burr,
inn, double the final consonant.
Usually words uj one mjlUM,- .mlin,, in /, I „r « ,l„Me
the final cormonant; but if they en<l in any otlier conson-
ant it remains single.
Liquefy, putrefy, rarefy, .stupefy, take e instead of i
before the suffix fy.
Academy, acorn, acoustic, acumen, acute, ocular,
108
gage's PHACTICAL spelleb.
uchre, do not double the c like most words beginning
with ac and OC.
Abbot, abbey, abbreviate, double the b, while most
words that beyin with ab have single b.
Ire, iris, irk, iron, irony, irascible, iridium, iridescent,
do not double the r like most words that Wgin with ir.
X.— Notice that the following- words end In UOUS :—
am big'u ous
con'gru ous
con tig'u ous
fat'u ous
in noc'u ous
pro mis'cu ous
sumpt'u ous
tu mult'u ous
ard'u ous
con spie'u ous
con tin'u ous
in gen'u ous
luel lif lu ous
sin'u ous
su por'flu ous
unct'u ous
as sid'u ous
con tempt'u ous
de cid'u ous
tort'u ous
per spie'u ous
spir'it u ous
tern pest'u ous
vo lupt'u ous
DICTATION EXERCISE.
Vague rumors are not to be relied on. The dia-
logue is not well adapted to a promiscuous assembly.
You are not left alone to climb the arduous ascent. A
tortuous path led to the summit of the mountain. The
sliip had a tempestuous passage. It would fatigue you
to read the whole catalogue. Volcanoes bellow ere they
disembogue. You should endeavor to acquire a per-
spicuous style. Tlie aldermen sat down to a sumptuous
banquet. An ingenuous man will despise the tricks of
a demagogue. I liked the prologue of the play better
than the epilogue. The Jews worship in the synagogu*