CIHM

ICMH

Microiiche

Collection de

Series

microfiches

(Monographs)

(monographies)

Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques

Technical and Bibliographic Notes / Notes techniques et bibliographiques

The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original
copy available for filming. Features of this copy which
may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of
the images in the reproduction, or which may
significantly change the usual method of filming are
checked below.

Coloured covers /
Couverture de couleur

□ Covers damaged /
Couverture endommagee

□ Covers restored and/or laminated /
Couverture restauree et/ou pelliculee

I I Cover title missing / Le titre de couverture manque

I I Coloured maps / Cartes geographiques en couleur

□ Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black) /
Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire)

□ Coloured plates and/or illustrations /
Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur

I y\ Bound with other material /

Relie avec d'autres documents

Only edition available /
Seule edition disponible

ly I "Hght binding may cause shadows or distortion along
' — ' interior margin / La reliure serr^e peut causer de

I'ombre ou de la distorsion le long de la marge

int§rieure.

Blank leaves added during restorations may appear
within the text. Whenevei possible, these have been
omitted from filming / II se peut que certaines pages
blanches ajout§es lors d'une restauration
apparaissent dans le texte, mais, lorsque cela 6tait
possible, ces pages n'ont pas 6t6 film6es.

Additional comments /
Commentaires suppl6mentaires:

L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilleur exemplaire qu'il lui a
ete possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exem-
plaire qui sont peut-etre uniques du point de vue bibli-
ographique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite,
ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la m6tho-
de normale de filmage sont indiques ci-dessous.

I I Coloured pages / Pages de couleur

I I Pages damaged / Pages endommagees

□ Pages restored and/or laminated /
Pages restaur6es et/ou pelliculees

Pages discoloured, stained or foxed /
Pages ddcolor^es, tachetees ou piquees

I I Pages detached / Pages detachees

\y\ Shcwthrough / Transparence

□ Quality of print varies /
Qualite in^gale de I'impression

Includes supplementary material /
Comprend du materiel suppl6mentaire

Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips,
tissues, etc., have been refilmed to ensure the best
possible image / Les pages totalement ou
partiellement obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une
pelure, etc., ont 6t6 film6es k nouveau de fafon k
obtenir la meilleure image possible.

Opposing pages with varying colouration or
discolourations are filmed twice to ensure the best
possible image / Les pages s'opposant ayant des
colorations variables ou des decolorations sont
film^es deux fois afin d'obtenir la meilleure image
possible.

D
D

This item Is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below /

Ce document est film* au taux de reduction indiquS ci-dessous.

lOx

14x

18x

22x

26x

30x

12x

16x

20x

24x

28x

32x

The copy filmed here has been reproduced thanks
to the generosity of:

Library
Agriculture Canada

The Images appearing here are the best quality
possible considering the condition and legibility
of the original copy and in keeping with the
filming contract specifications.

Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed
beginning with the front cover and ending on
the last page with a printed or illustrated impres-
sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All
other original copies are filmed beginning on the
first page with a printed or illustrated impres-
sion, and ending on the last page with a printed
or illustrated impression.

The last recorded frame on each microfiche
shall contain the symbol — ^- (meaning "CON-
TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"),
whichever applies.

Maps, plates, charts, etc.. may be filmed at
different reduction ratios. Those too large to be
entirely included in one exposure are filmed
beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to
right and top to bottom, as many frame" as
required. The following diagrams illustrate the
method:

L'exemplaire filmA fut reproduit grSce i la
g6n^rosit6 de:

Bibliotheque
Agriculture Canada

Les images suivantes ont ix6 reproduites avec le
plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition et
de la nettetd de l'exemplaire film6, et en
conformity avec les conditions du contrat de
filmage.

Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en
papier est imprim^e sont fitm^s en commen9ant
par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la
dernidre page qui comporte une empreinte
d'Impression ou d'illustration. soit par le second
plat, selon le cas. Tous les autres exemplaires
originaux sont filmis en commen9ant par la
premiere page qui comporte une empreinte
d'impresslon ou d'illustration et en terminant par
la derniftre page qui comporte une telle
empreinte.

Un des symboles suivants apparaltra sur la
derniire image de chaque microfiche, selon le
cas: le symbole — ► signifie "A SUIVRE", le
symbole V signifie "FIN".

Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent itre
filmis i des taux da reduction diff6rents.
Lorsque le document est trop grand pour 6tre
reproduit en un seul clichi, il est film6 i partir
de I'angle sup6rieur gauche, de gauche h droite,
et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre
d'images n6cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants
illustrent la mithode.

2 3

5 6

MICROCOPY RESOIUTKJN TEST CHART

(ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No 21

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'•^ (^'6) 482 - 0300 - Phone

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HE MILKING MACHINE

A PARTIAL SOLUTION OF
THE LABOUR PROBLE.M

THEY WILL TAKE THE PLACE OF THAT EXTRA HIRED MAN SO HARD TO
OBTAIN AT THE PRESENT TIME.

Unlike that Hired Man they are always there
Ready for Work.

THEIR WORK IS NOTED FOR ITS UNIFORMITY FROM DAY TO DAY.

MILKING MACHINES ARE NOW RECOGNISED

AS A GOOD INVESTMENT.

ONE MAN WITH A MILKING MACHINE CAN MILK TWENTY TO TWENTY-FIVB

COWS PER HOUR.
THIS NUMBER WOULD TAKE THREE MEN AT HAND MILKING.

THE REAL DRUDGERY OF THE DAIRY FARM IS ELIMINATED BY THE
USE OF THE MILKING MACHINE.

DOMINION EXPERIMENTAL FARMS.
SPECIAL CIRCULAR NO. 13.

.1. H. GRISDALE. B. AOR..
DIRI-CTOR.

GEO. W. MUIR, B.S.A.,

ASSISTANT TO

DOMINION ANIMAL HUstaANOMAN.

INTRODUCTION.

^r^HE object of this circular is to put before the dairy
I farmer the value of the mechanical milker under the
present conditions of labour on the farm.

There has been in the minds of many dairy farmers a
great deal of prejudice against the use of a mechanical milker,
but the present is no time to let prejudice stand in the way of
increased production.

Every dairy farmer with a herd of 12 or more cows should
consider seriously the installation of a milking machine.

The experience of an ever-increasing number of practical
farmers, coupled with that of a number of our Experimental
Farms and Stations, goes to prove that these machines are
decidedly advantageous.

COST OF INSTALLATION.

The average cost of installation, taking into consideration
the five most popular machines on the market, would be about
$500 for an outfit to milk four cows at once.

Such an outfit would be large enough for a 25- to 35-cow
herd.

For a 20-cow herd a 3-cow outfit would be sufficient. For
a 12- to 15-cow herd a 2-cow outfit would be sufficient.

For each reduction of one unit in the installation there
will be a reduction of approximately $100 in the cost price.

This brings the average cost price to $16.60 per cow for
the large herd; $20 per cow for the medium-sized herd; and
$25 per cow for the small herd.

This in turn goes to show that while the cheapest installa-
tion for work done is with the large herd, nevertheless the first
cost is not excessive in the case of a small herd.

COST OF OPERATION.

The annual cost of operation for a 25- to 35-cow outfit,
including repairs, power, labour in caring for engine and wash-
ing machines, interest on investment, and tan per cent depreci-
ation on machine, would amount to approximately $225.

The above is approximately one-third of what the farmer
is at present paying his hired man, where board is not taken into
account.

Divided between 30 cows, this brings the running expenses
to two cents per cow per day.

ABOVE COST COMPARED WITH COST OF
HAND-MILKING.

The average hired man will not milk more than seven
ows per hour, which, at 25 cents per hour, costs 7.2 cents per
row per day for hand-milking.

One man with a milking machine can milk 20 to 2o cows
per hour, which brings the total cost of machine-milkmg,
including the above-mentioned daily running expenses, to 4.5
cents per cow per day.

This is a saving of considerably over one-third and in a
large herd would enable the farmer to dispense with :.t least
one, if not two, men, or it would liberate these men for other
important lines of increased production.

It also enables one man to milk many more cows than it
is physically possible for him to milk by hand.

UNIFORMITY IN MILKING.

Not only does a machine decrease the cost of milking, but
it gives uniformity in milking.

All cows are milked in the same manner every day, and
every good dairy farmer knows this is importart and that it
is hard to obtain with the general run of farm hands.

RELIABILITY OF SERVICE.

.X machine when properly installed and equipped with a
able source of power is always there ready for work.
Breakdowns are comparatively rare and usually easily

remedied. , • . i. t

Wear and tear is not excessive, considering the nature ot

the machine, and provided the latter is given proper attention.

EFFECT ON COWS.

A machine that is properly adjusted and handled will not
ijure the cow's teats or udder any more than the average farm

Three years' experience of mechanical milkers on the
Vntral Experimental Farm does not show that the cows dry
.'T anv more quickly than when milked by hand.

There is no more, if as much, objection to the milkmg
1 achine on the part of the cows than there is to hand-milking.

Old cows used to hand-milking object most, and may no^
:'* down their milk readily, but heifers take to machine milking
iik(^ ducks to water and require hardly any stripping.

t' 'I

.of ^^u'P^'il'^ ^y ^^^^ ^^^^'' ^^^'"g *^e machine off is advo-
cated by all users, as well as makers, as a precautionary and
economical measure. ^

EFFECT ON QUALITY OF MILK.

If the machines are properly handled in the bam, and
ikew.se properly washed in the duirx", the milk produced will
be as good, or better, than that produced by hand-milking

r-nr^lf \T ^'^n'''' f'""'"" ^^""^ *^^^" '''''^^' ^iie machincs and the
care of the milk a very high grade of milk can be produced

of the machine''" '^'"^*' '"" ^^"^ ""'^^ ^"'^ ultimate failure

IMPORTANCE OF EFFICIENCY IN OPERATION.

n,«ii^''?;if"'^ ''^^^'' "''''■^ importance than the cost price or
make of the machine, comes the question of the efficiency of

Handling the machine is a job for the farmer, his son or
=.hiietdTe :^. ''' ^" '-'--' - ''^ — « "th^e

with^:c^.rlorTllus''' '^""^^^ "^"^^ '^ ^^"^^^ ^"^ ^-^^'
Know the machine and the cows, and adapt the one to

the p^opci* dme'""' '"' ''"' '"^^"^ ^'^^^ ^*" ^"-^^^ ^^

MAKES OF MACHINES.

Any of the mon* prominent makes of milking machines
upon^the market will do good work provided they a^ properly

The addresses of the dealers or manufacturers of the
various machines can be procured from the farm journals or
upon application to the Animal Husbandry Divis on, ExpeH-
mental Farm, Ottawa. ' ^'^i^^^'

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