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Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clich u o e Z < jS cf £•- « — 3 i - u 5 Ct. !** ^ '^ "" ^ -2 C - X ^ -^ . 5 =--?.V:^.? yf ■fc"- — O C fcr Z •J .= "- S :: a S 2 ^ i> r -r = ?) 5 1< ? i -s r -'• - > f- L. — 3 0, Sj i * ^ •-' r .~ *' U M :'± >» -■TO '^ -2* s r 3 > ;; bo = 1.1 i X -( •- --"^ 2 " = = :r ® — -!H jj 5 s w •- I 5 s w/-5' - it -3 'H 3 53 ^5 3 5 ; => •ii — *> 2.2S § oj aJ S ^■^^ T •''./■ ■fl^"!fV'^ sm^fm^j(ii^^ 1 < u z o c < < z < z o yj r a z •< < < LU a r - i S-35 t: c i< A ^ - — •- 4< ^ — X-P O 2 cilia ??—'*' ± ^ * « z y - ^ >. /J ^ ■* ^ *- ** s i- f ? i- - 2"-= ri r t: * = = ""3 i 1 1 s = ^ ~ -r - = 3 = •= OJ £ to &£§ = 2 ii.r: - - i> r 2 2 j«» 5 ^T = ^ ^ Z i; ;j ii S 3 — -jT" — 2 " "^ — * ■*^ *-■ .C i^ —S 5.= •"* ~3.ao -3 £ 5 2 t© ^ W S4. •i^ ■- ■<- £ = s THE COST OF ANTHRACITE. Thc*re Is often a great doal of oontntversy in print and otherwise', in regard to the cost of a ton of Anthracite at the mines. The following Is subniUled to us as the result at a colliery In the Wyoming region shipping over 160,000 tons per annum: Outsiile Expenses. Inside Expenses. Total. Labor $ .490 $1,174 Supplies 040 .310 R8pair>: 019 »30 Total f .561 $1,514 S2.075 The coal at this colliery is mined from the top and bottom splits of the Red Ash vein, averaKing respectively seven aim six feet of good coal. The above cost does not include the expense incurred in driving gangways, airways and tunnels, nor the amount expended from time to time in improvements nor royalty. At another col- liery, producing white ash coal in the same district, it is said that the cost of putting Anthracite coal on the cars at the breaker under favorable circum.stancf s, from a seum ofadvantageous size and hardnes,s,would be for labor and materials fromSl.SO to $1.40. To this should be added royalty and sinking fund charges, rumiing all the way from 30 cents to 50 cents additional. These fifjures are ba.sed upon the entire output of the mine. Including Pea. Buckwheat and liice c(»al, and include no charge for interest. There are undoubtedly favorable cases where the results may be considerably less tlian the figures given, but there are others where they would not. I'reight to New York is about $1.75 to $2.00. 1 ANTHRACITE QROWTH-25 Years. In 18rrak»'r sit mi iM-iiclies ahovetlKMlritXliiK .stroaiiis of tital, aixl, will) patifiit t>yfs aii fruin ainoiii; Uk> ina-vi sliiiiiiK alma; in front of tlit-ni. Whfit it conu's too last they shut it oil until tiu' tpiantlty in Iront ol lliiMit lias Ix'cn clt-ant-d an; tellows working ut such a, task hi the Uust-Uiden air prevailing all through a nurd-cv have beifun their undeiKronnd life. Wlien the." is a strike they are taken to the sur- face and afler shoes have been taken ofT they are put at pasture, that they may take aUvaulafje of the opportunity for recreation while the mine is idle. Mules are used In preference to horses because they are smaller and more sure-f(Mjted ; at the .sjmie tinxe they are stronj^r and have enough intelligence to perform tiieir work well. The use ot locomotives in mines is very restricted ; only in a mine having large openings with , mpaiativlj Straight and level tracks can a steam locomotive be operated to good advantage. Electric motors working on the trolle.v system liave lately been put in operatlo'^ with much success. When the machinery has been simpiilied and cheapened the trolley may supersede the mine nuile a-; it has superseded bis cousin, the street railway horse. SLATE PICKERS Rii^ I IM KQHn IN A BREAKER. ISKK PAGE "./ •( > AN UNDERGROUND JUNCTION POINT. A scene 111 the interior of Packer No. 6 collierv. where ffanswavs nin east and west on the Holmes veui, branchinpr from the main tnnnel wliich will be seen runiii mr straight ahead. iiiiinm^ HiefT^f'^^^'^ *'''?*'" V^^''^''*"'"^''''^'"'*' ^''^t P"^h """f' "'"St have two separatf^ and dist not means of entrance and exit. It is intende.l that in case rf accident to one ^If} I^'h •^'^" '" ^f "" '\"^' ""^.- ^'""''^1»' ^^^ t^^" shafts are at the extremes of the property being worked, and a mam thoroughfare runs between, connecting them. In a colliery that has been worked for a number of vears, twenty or thlrtv as is sometimes a case, the main entrys. gangways, breakthroughs, airwavs. etc are so numerous that tlie map of them, always kept accurate and up to date, resembles the &"n;Vrronil'Slce.'''^-''* '^"^ visitor who became lost in such a mine would be =T-«iT^ir=5-:^;-rt%fs»r-— i=^=Ti-^j^T 'rt! « • • •• vi^ r-Mi Tt • tmmmmt irg' «i . • / ^ ^ • V J * , • , / : ^-. ■ 'i ^ m.^^ ^ * If ! ^^RS^ • ■1 ""pjM. ; i" . ■■ ] ''vC 'ft . i iSf k.'*^ _ i ^ • < %- - / .^^Ml ]% >4 , i- g ■ i ^ ^ TIMBERMEN IN A OANGWAV. There are many necessary vocations in connection with the production of coal aside from tliat of actual " niinins:." and *he various employees are classified under such heads as inside forem;»n, miners, miners' laborers, timbermen, tracklayers, drivers and runners, door boys and helpers, so that the persons actually mining the coal, from the seam or vein in which it is found, form hut a small percentage or the sum total. In one of the large Anthracite districts of Pennsylvania the total number of inside employt'os was 10,14.'> atid hut 4,127 of these were actually classed as miners. Outside employees luunbcrtd 3,976 of all classes. Accidents Oi'ciir inside from many causes and the most prolific is from falls of coal and rock ; thus in the «! killed and 4:J injured by falls of roof; of course, many accidents are lir«:ely avoidable and the timberrnaii Is the one who is Minnosed to nrpvpt.f ti.^.. aras practicable, particularly ;,. the niah. roads or gang'^v^ayr but lun' d op.m r "'' In r'*'''' '" •i."'^ ^«" '^'**'' "^^■"'•»^- ^'^'^Pit^' "11 the piecaiiti. us ul^Tich are takPM f i ""* ,':S- S'^, the roor he will put ott stau.iiug ft uutil 1 e has '' loa le auo h tr f-^r " or has drilled and iired another hole," but while the oar is hein^ loV.,ii.i .?! V ,• m and he is k.Iled The foremen are uu'tiring in thefr efforts to mf.W^^^^^^ S re.u:?eM^l^!];a'ti;St'. ^'"^'^"^ ''^^'^'""^ '" '''''"''' '^ ^^ -atter"ot^VM.pn..''tUil's'^o' THE BRAKHMAN Has a haid tark anyway one can look at it Out in -ill sorts of weather, rain, snow, or hotter tlia T op le the men on the coal trains, which wind their way own I mountain sides with their loads of Anthracite have i o sinecure; sometimes the train runs away and a fiv car loads are spilt out over an emhankn eiu and au K;^""*' . ^^'•a'*«'»«»,|s split overboanl also, or t sh^d be «eeu the cars. Those who have seen these w ' rtliv fellows running along the top of coal ladeued-cars, se t g one brake alter another in order to stop the momeu urn may have wondered if they were well im I tbr the r sks they take. They aie not. When vou re .1 of a t.«1n« being blocked by snow or that there is so Ii7tle demand for perh.ps, ^ive a passing thought tluhe^lea ." ai^ullsTerns^o muc'h les:' w^^. ^'"J-' '\'!'' class of whom au iuJividual is here pictured. " "^ ^ "''^^'* *^"'" ^^® 42,o1)0%l5to",ro?![n?l';rSpfodu^eZ'uT,\'^^^^^^ transportation of the tion of the rolling stock of the lines i h?p ^tM J ^^^ T^' ^^^^"^ ^""^ '^ ''^rge propor- Keading R. llArls 19,1^7 "S^ll^^^^^^^^ The Philadelphia* 20,811outofanaggregaeof31 lllSof .11 « l^^^ four-wheelers, a total of schedule is. -.'(i.Sll four-wheelere 7 1 -Q 1 . it v^^^^ ^"/''•' ^^hisrh Valley the aggregate off,vight(-ars of alsSofri 8^29 'r;^^^^^^^^^^ V-^'",' ^f^^'"'^'* «"* "fan ha.s an unusually large number of small ohl f^,JhinLl^^ ""^l?*"'' ^'l"^ f"*^ company unprofitable an.lare gradually gohiffomol^^^^ i^'"'"''' *'''^'*' ''"'■*^ "«^«'» f"""^ up a full load for a locomotive tha fhe mnnhpr of 'w, J'^''''^ ^," "'""'' "If ''•''" to make after in such a trair, is "erv /reat LVr^^n^ l^'L'^! J?*^?^^^^^^^ to b« looked -I. & HmlsonV"n7«MvT '• ""^ ^"'"'"^'^ '''^'"'^ ^'^•863 in a total of 84 fi ?n i^do ^1'"P">ent coniprises SI foVr wheeled , ' "% l'*'""syl vania 40,639 cars owned by the Conmanv^'riioii!;^ . H,"^®*^ eight-wlieelers out of Car Trust Companiesopemt g ot-^V^he ro-^^^ 35^!lTs 'e^^ V'"'"" "'" 'V^'"^^" h^' '^e are used in the coal trade. The sauWst^iremenf .',.;^iif. t "^ ' "* ''","'' ."""^'«*i- '^f «hich exact number of such cars is not\m'bodS?uV'^rl^llroac^l7ons "'"''' •"'^''^' '^"^ '"^ high Valley, the Delaware LackkwM.mn 1 w . "•^«'>- >< ♦> tons amiu.dly. The Le- its chief riVAls and SSries rarch 22. 1821. It \va.s he and his brother Daniel wlio tliscovered that Anthracite coal wonld burn, and consequently made known its value. At the time it was known simply as "black rock." The picture liere ^iveti is from a portrait taken at the time when Obadiah Gore wa.s about thirty yeai-s of aee, or say at thL> tfme ol the American Revo- lution. It is evident from his appearance that the old stock of settlei-s of the Wyoming Valley were persons of refinement and culture. Daniel Gore had a residence three miles north of Wilkes-Barre. then called Jacob's Plains. On a farm adjoining his to the north was a bt'd of rock which came to the surface, and as stated oefore wa-s known as black rock. A question arose us to whether it was a form of coal. It was tried in tire places on wood tires and failefl to be of use. The (iures e.\perimented with it in a blacksmith's forge and fully established tne possihility of its cer»l^rt-* ill I Ai.i. KINDS Soft r^ O A I t I ALL SIZKS HARD V^ ^^^~L>/ ' I ALWAYS Offices ^i^ Yards, North ,f South Ends, I ♦ ♦ t ♦ ♦ I Telephone Connection. HAIylrAX, N, h. ♦ ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦< ♦<>♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ ♦♦♦♦♦ I