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■■^l^iiiigjh i WH U ^ M " ' j.j i iwv ' " 
 
y 
 
 GENERAL CIRCULAR 
 
 TO ALL 
 
 PERSOJVS OF GOOD CJMRdCTER, 
 
 WHO WISH TO EMIGRATE 
 TO THE 
 
 OREGON TERRITORY, 
 
 EMBRACING SOME ACCOUNT OF THE CHARACTER AND 
 
 ADVANTAGES OF THE COUNTRY ; THE RIGHT 
 
 AND THE MEANS AND OPERATIONS BY 
 
 WHICH IT IS TO BE SETTLED;— 
 
 AND 
 ALL NECESSARY DIRECTIONS FOR BECOMING 
 
 Miall «#. JKelley, General Agent. 
 
 BY ORDER OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR ENCOURAGING 
 
 the SETTLEMENT of the OREGON TERRITORY. 
 
 INSTITUTED IN BOSTON, A. D. 188», 
 
 CHARLESTOWN: 
 
 rRIKTED BY WILLIAM W. WHEILDON. 
 
 R. P. & C. WILLIAMS — BOSTON. 
 
 1831. 
 
 ■I . \: 
 
 ^i-^ 
 

 4 
 
 ft 
 
 
 «^ 
 
I 
 
 i 
 
 OREGON SETTLEMENT, 
 
 To he commenced in the Spiing of 1832, on 
 
 the delightful and fertile banks of the 
 
 €olutnhia Hiver. 
 
 General Remarks. 
 
 It has been for many years in serious contempla- 
 tion to settle with a free and enlightened, but re- 
 dundant population from the American Republic, 
 that portion of her territory called Oregon, border- 
 ing on the Pacific Ocean, and laying between the 
 fortysecond and fortyninth parallels of N. latitude. 
 The American Society, instituted at Bos- 
 ton, Mass. for tliis purpose, would hereby respect- 
 fully advise the friends of the settlement of that 
 country, relative to its physical character, — its re- 
 sources and advantages over all other uncultivated 
 countries for the occupancy and prosperity of a civ- 
 ilized and active people; and present to them a 
 general view of the plan of operations; and likewise 
 the means, by which persons of good character may 
 secure a participation in the enjoyments and bles- 
 sings of the most pleasant and healthful part of 
 the globe. The country is represented, by the con- 
 current testimony of those who have explored it, to 
 be in general uneven; nevertheless, a large propor- 
 tion of the territory within two hundred miles of 
 the ocean is accounted feasible farming land, and 
 extremely fertile, remarkably mild in climate, so 
 much so, that the ice was never known to be en- 
 tirely formed over the large bays and rivers; nor 
 the frost in the severest days of the winter to stop 
 the progress of vegetation on the bottom lands 
 
 Mr Pilclier, in a 
 
 recent communication made to 
 
 Congress, through the Hon J. H. Eaton, Secreta- 
 ry of War, remarks that in 1829, he visited the 
 
Columbia river, and ^'fouiid the niildnt'ss of tlic sea- 
 sons infinitely greater than in the corresponding lat- 
 itudes and elevations in the valley of the Mississip- 
 pi, or in the Atlantic States. The Avinters arc less 
 cold and the summers less hot. As a proof of this, 
 may be mentioned, the state of the grass, which is 
 green and juicy nearly all winter, aflording excellent 
 pasture for horses, on which those animals not only 
 sustain themselves, but the poor and lean get in 
 good order." The section of the country called by 
 him, the middle regions or plains, he says "is re- 
 markable for a mild climate, a clear sky, a serene 
 atmosphere, and a soft and brilliant sunshine. The 
 nights, when the moon is near full, and the hemis- 
 phere studded over with stars, are indescribably 
 beautiful. The tide water region has a climate of 
 its own. Ice or snow is seldom seen; the heats are 
 never great: and winter is hardly a distinct season." 
 
 For a particular account of the natural geogra- 
 phy of the country; — of its soil, climate, produc- 
 tions, aborigines, cvc. the narrow limits of this 
 work oblige a reference to a pamphlet,* published 
 by Hall J. Kelley, A. M. 
 
 The project of opening the Oregon country to the 
 overflowing inhabitants of the United States, is not 
 visionary. Its votaries "are not mad, most noble 
 Misanthrope, but speak forth the words of truth 
 and soberness." It is full of realities and 
 interest to every man; and hunumity requires 
 the truth to be fearlessly told. It gives the philan- 
 thropist full scope for the exercise of the best feel- 
 ings of his heart. It furnisiies him the work of pa- 
 triotism, and active benevolence; and in the suc- 
 cess of his labors, he may witness the melioration of 
 the hard condition of thousands of his fellow citi- 
 zens, and the prosperity and glory of his country. 
 
 *This pamphlet contains 80 pages, is furnished with a Map of 
 Oregon country, and may be had of R. P. & C. Williams, Bos- 
 ton, and Dorr & Rowland, Worcester, Mass.; or of G. C. & 11. 
 Carvill, citv of New York. 
 
 
 "0^ 
 
 I 
 
11 
 
 I (MIT or Settling 
 
 ?? 
 
 The title to the Orcoon tcrrilory, and tiie exclu- 
 sive rifrlit of occupancy, yet remains vested in tiio 
 Aborigines. The benevolent work of enlightt 
 
 and 
 
 ClVlllZUin- 
 
 that rud 
 
 niui 
 
 Mat rude and sulieruiijj people, is 
 
 prerogative of sovereignty, belonging to the nation 
 which may have first discovered their wants, and 
 possess the means of giving tiiem the convenience« 
 and comforts of refined society, and such concomi- 
 tant benefits, as diversify and adorn human life. 
 
 It is evidently the intention of the God of Na- 
 ture, that the white man and the Indian should 
 have a common and mutual right to occupy 'A\c 
 earth, to use its productions, and profit by the bles- 
 sings of society; and that individuals, who mostly 
 share in the favors of Providence, should be most 
 "ready to communicate" of the good, to his neigh- 
 bors. This common law of our nature, this com- 
 mon concern of mankind, is no less imperious, in 
 its obligations, on nations than individuals. 
 
 These few pages do not admit of a discnssion of 
 this question; nor is it necessary since from an in- 
 vestigation of facts, on other occasions, it has been 
 so clearly deduced, that the duty of protecting the 
 rights, and of cherishing and sustaining the interests 
 of the Oregon Indians, devolves on the American 
 nation; and consequently in her is the right of sov- 
 ereignty. The import of this word is sometimes 
 misunderstood. It is mistaken for government or 
 jurisdiction itself; whereas it is only a right, which 
 one country has in preference to another^ to estab- 
 hsli a government, territorial, colonial or any other. 
 It is a matter of deep regret that the U. States 
 have not exercised this right of extending juris- 
 diction over tlie territory in question, and of put- 
 ting np barriers against the extension of British ju- 
 risdiction. 
 
 The right claimed by our citizens to settle i?i 
 identified among their many privileges, as social be- 
 
(; 
 
 h 
 
 ili<?s, ()l'<!()itii>; ticfs, williiu the piccincls of a ri«i:htrul 
 sovc'rt'i^iity, not repugnant to tin; j)riiicij)k's ol" jus- 
 tice and ((iiialiiv, antl Hie laws of tlu- country. The 
 c\stal)!isluncnt of a jurisdiction by the ICnglisli, west 
 of tlic iiocky J^Iountaius being a nullity; and the 
 United States liavinjr (>nacted no statute, lor tlie 
 benellt of the inhabitanls of eitlier color, in that 
 country, tliere is no justly constituted jurisdiction. 
 It, t]iere!()re, lb!lo\\ s that settlers, in the pursuit of 
 their projur and laudable l)usiness, violate no law 
 or ri^'lit oi' the government of the U. States. 
 
 Resources or the Country. 
 
 The natural advantages of the Country, for trade 
 and coninierce, foreign, internal, and coastwise, are 
 juiraniount to those ibund in other parts of America. 
 The confluence of the many navigable rivers, open- 
 ing into, and beautifving every section of the country, 
 jbrms the grand river Colsimbia, an hose gentle wa- 
 ters may !}e traversed liy large vessels, two hundred 
 miles from the sea ; wliose either bank alfords in- 
 lets safe and commodious ll.)r harbors. Nature fur- 
 nishes many clear indications tliat the month of this 
 far Sjn-eadiiig and noble river is soon to become the 
 commercial part of that hemisphere, the great busi- 
 ness place of naiions, interchanging the commodities 
 and; productions of western America and the East 
 Indies. 
 
 Much of tijc country within two hundred miles 
 of the Ocean, is tavorable to cultivation. The 
 valley of the Mnitnonmh is particularly so, being 
 extremely fertile. The advantages, generally, for 
 ac(jniring ])roperiy are paramount to those on the 
 prairie; of the /»Vest, or in any other part of the 
 Avorld. In relation to this last point, the following 
 fact evinces more .than a Innidred tloubtfid conjec- 
 tures. The Oregon Is covered with heavy forests 
 of tind)er, and within the distance of a coasting 
 trade, l.-oardr- !>iiug fro!-! .jt> to 90 dollars per thou- 
 
 I ! 
 
sand ; and such is tho market, tliat no considcr.ihlf 
 reductions of thcsr prices, can ever l)o reasonably 
 expected. The prodiiction orvei!ietaI)leM, u:raiM, anil 
 cattle, will reciuire comparatively but little labor ; 
 these articles, toj^ether with the spontaneous <;ro\vth 
 of the soil, and the fruits of laborious industry, in 
 general, will find a market, (ut home, and thereby 
 con^lbrt and em-ich the settlers. Surplus staj)lo 
 articles may be .diipped from their doors to distant 
 ports, and return a vast profit in trade. liiind)er, 
 ship timber, &c. may be ;ent to the western coast 
 of South America, the islands in the Pacific 5 bread 
 stnlls, furs, salmon, and many articles of domestic 
 manufactures, to the East Indies. 
 
 It is the circumstance of a good home market, 
 that gives any country its greatest value, and must 
 give the Oregon country immense advantages for 
 settlement ; advantages nnknown in the Western 
 States, whose markcHi are as remote as the shores 
 of the Atlantic. It is not the consideration of 
 good land alone, that justifies the occupancy of a 
 country distant from the sea-coast, for with its 
 abundant productions, it may yield but few of the 
 comforts and conveniences of life. For instance, a 
 champaign country, with a clayey soil, causes an 
 unhealthful atmosphere ; and in the proportion of 
 its approximation to a vertical sun, yields sickness 
 and death. 
 
 The w\ant of value to the farmer's surplus pro- 
 duce, is his poverty ; and has made shipwreck of 
 the fortunes of thousands, who have settled in 
 Ohio, Indiana, 6jc. This remark is made under 
 the influence of no motive, which does not regard 
 alike the interest of every citizen of the Republic. 
 
 Incalculable are the advantages, which Agricul- 
 ture, Commerce, and Manufacliu'es in this country, 
 will derive from the perennial resource of a trade 
 with the Oregon Settlement. The staple commodi- 
 ties of the South, manufactured in the North, and 
 then exchanged in tlie great market of the Oregon, 
 
will iK'ltcr promote tho three roninu)ii interests of 
 Mi(? Slates, liiaii any system of imposts or revenue 
 (liitics, whieii a wise and j)atriotie people can adopt. 
 ComnuM-ce spreadiiijr more canvass— sailing into 
 new and broader seas— visiting distant shores of 
 inexhasistihlo wealMi, will conduct iiome the lull 
 tide of a golden trallic. 
 
 National Advantajjes. 
 
 In the following nu-morial, olVered at (he present 
 session, for the consideration of Congress, are some 
 ol the national advantages, which may accrue, from 
 a permanent possession of Oregon. 
 
 To the JIunorable, the Senate and Hoiig' of RepresenUUiveSy in 
 Congress aascmblcd. 
 
 The Ameuicav Society, for er.couiaging t» ■ Settlemont of the 
 Oregon Tcrrilory, instituted in A.D. IU^9, and incorporated by 
 the Conrimonwcahh of Massachusetts, actuntcd by a faithful regard 
 to duty, have cheerfully engaged in the work of opening to i 
 civilized and virtuous population, that part of Western Aine.ica, 
 called Oheoon. 
 
 They are convinced, that if that country should be settled under 
 the auspices of the Government of the United States of America, 
 from such of her worthy sons, who have drank of the opirit of 
 those civil and religious institutions, which constitute the living 
 fountain, and the very perennial source of her national prosperiiy, 
 great benefits must result to mankind. They believe, that there, 
 the skilful and persevering hand of industry might be employed 
 with unparalleled advantage ; that there. Science and the Arts, 
 the invaluable privileges of a free and liberal government, and 
 the refinements and or'inances of Christianity, dift'using each 
 its blessing, would narmoniously unite in meliorating, the moral 
 condition of the Indians, in promoting the comfort and happiness 
 of the settlers, and in augmenting the wealth and power of the 
 Republic. 
 
 The uniform testimony of an intelligent multitude have estab- 
 lished the fact, that the country in question, is the most valuable 
 of all the unoccupied parts of the earth. Its peculiar location 
 and facilities, and physical resources for trade and commerce i its 
 
 
 I 
 
9 
 
 its 
 
 contiguous mnrkets; its gnlulirity ordimnlo ; i(a ferlilitjr of ioil ; 
 its rich nnd nbundnnt productions ; its oxtonsivo forests of 
 valiial)le timber; nnd itn great wntcr Clinnnol diversifying, by 
 its nuinorour^ hrunclic-- 'ho wiiolo country, and sprenditig catiiils 
 through every port of n, are sure indications that Providence 
 has designed this last reach of enlightened emigration to bo the 
 residence of a people, whoso singular advantages will give them 
 unexampled power and prosperity. 
 
 These things hnve excited the ndmirntioii of every observer, 
 and hivo settled in the policy of the British nation the determined 
 purpose of possessing nnd enjoying them, ns their own ; nnd 
 have induced their Parliament to confer on the Hudson's Day 
 Company, chartered priviiogos for occupying with their Mettle* 
 mciits the fertile banks of the Columbin ; which settlements have 
 beun made; nnd ore flourishing, in rapid growth, under the 
 culture secured by th^ provisions of a Colonial Ciovornment. 
 
 1 '1© Soci"/ conceivo it clearly deduced, from all the facts in 
 the cns>o, that the right of sovereignty over l' Oregon Territory, 
 is invested in the government of the United States of America, 
 consequently, in hor is the exclusive right of colonizing tliat 
 country, aud of introducing into it the various business and 
 benefits of civilized life, 
 
 The expense nnd labor nf.-ccasary to the accomplishment of 
 this work, planned by Providence, made easy by nature, and urged 
 and encouraged by the persuasive motives of philanthropy, ore, 
 in no degree, commensurate with the national blessings to be de- 
 rived from it ; among which ate cnufunrated the following ; viz : 
 The moral condition of the Morigines, u blessed by the influ- 
 ences of a refined and religious community, will be improved. 
 The attempt to enlighten the minds nnd to dignify the nature of 
 this unfortunate race, may no longer be defeated by injudicious 
 plans. 
 
 Their unjust nnd unequal alliances with another nation may be 
 broken, and their friendship secured to this. 
 
 By means, thus honorable, that valuable terriiory would be held 
 from the possession of an unfriendly power. 
 
 Ports of Entry, and Ship and Navy Yards, might be estab- 
 lished with great advantage, on the waters o^'Oregorj, and the.e- 
 by, the trade and commerce of both the Pacific and Atlantic 
 
 2 
 
10 
 
 &> 
 
 Oceans would become extended and enriched. C. italista and 
 Manners might pursue, with more profit and safety, the whale 
 and other fisheries in the Western Seas, and the salmon trade 
 on the Columbia. 
 
 A portion of the v.Ttuous and enterprising, but not Jr.st faith- 
 fui population, whom misfortunes have thrown out of employment 
 and who throng our villages and sea-ports, and seek a better home' 
 nriight there find o|)portunif es, under the paternal kindness of 
 ihe government, to succeed to a happier condition, and to great- 
 er usefulness to themselves and to their country. 
 
 These are objects so obvious, so vast and valuable, as need 
 not be urged by your memorialists, and seem necessarily em- 
 braced within (he scope of a wise policy. They are vet deemed 
 practicable. Another season-their possession will be'thought ex- 
 pedient-but not so easily wrested from the grasp of British power. 
 The Society view with alarm the progress, which the subjects 
 ot that nation have made, in the colonization of the Ore.-on Terri 
 tory. Already, have they, nourishing towns, strong for'^ifications. 
 anu cultivated farms. The domicile is made the abode of domes- 
 tic comforts-the social circle is enlivened by the busy wife and 
 the prattle and sport of children. In the convention of 1818 
 England secured for her subjects, the privilege of a free trade! 
 hat of buying furs of the Indians ; but, at first, they practised 
 rapping and hunting; now, *hey practice buying and improvinff 
 lands, and assiduously pursue the business of the farmer and 
 mechanic. Their largest town is Vancouver, which is situated 
 on a beautiful plain, in the region of tide water, on the northern 
 bank o. the Columbia. M this place, saw and grist mills are in 
 operation. Three vessels have been built, one of about 300 tons 
 and are employed in the lumber trade. Numerous herds and 
 flocks of horses, horned cattle, and sheep, of the best European 
 breeds are seen grazing in their ever verdant fieida. Grain 
 of all kinds, in abundant crops, are the productions of the soil 
 Everything, either in the organization of the government, or 
 m the busy and various operations of the settlements, at this 
 place, at Wallawalla, at Fort Colville, and at De Fuca, indi- 
 cate the intentions of the English to colonize the countrv - 
 R^w therefore, your memorialists, in behalf of a large num- 
 bar of the citizens of the United Statea, would respectfully ask 
 
11 
 
 Congresa to aid them in carrying into operation the great pur- 
 p ses of he.r .nst.t«t,on-to grant them troops, artillery, n,ili ar^ 
 a.ms,and munU.ons of war, for the defence and security of the 
 contemplated settlement_to incorporate their Society with power 
 oext.ngu.sh the Indian title, to such tracts and extent'of err o ^ 
 nt the rnouth of the Colun.bia, and at the junction of the Multno: 
 r^ h w.t the Columbia, as may be adequate to the laudable b- 
 c and pursuits of the settlers; and with such other power, 
 nghts and .mmun.t.es, as may be, at least, equal and concurren 
 to those g.ven by Parliament to the Hudson's Bay Company ; and 
 such as are not repugnant to the stipulations of the Convention 
 made between Great Britain and the United States, where!: U 
 was agreed, that any country on the Northwest Coast of Amer 
 
 •ca to the westward of the Rocky Mountains, should be free 
 and o ,, ,h, ^i i^^„^ ^^^^ ^^^.^^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^ 
 
 te.mof years; and to grant them such other rights and privi- 
 leges, as may contribute to the means of establishing a respect- 
 able and prosperous community. 
 
 Your memorialists are pledged to one another, to their children, 
 to .he.rfrjends, and tomank.nd, to sustain by all just and possible 
 means, the mterests of their country ; and to co-operate in ad- 
 vanc.ng ,ts prosperity. They love their native land, and will 
 ever conl.nue its devoted friends ; and most grateful and glad- 
 den.ng would .t be, to receive for the settlement, the protection 
 and fostenng care of Congress. 
 
 Survey and Division of Lands. 
 
 ttflTrr^r^^^ Settlement has consummated their 
 title to Indian hands, measures will be adopted for 
 building on Gray's Bay, and at the mouth of the 
 Multnomah river, commercial towns, where it is 
 believed, vessels from every sea, will come to trade, 
 repair, and take outfits. ' 
 
 This Bay opens into the northern bank of the 
 Columbia, ahoLit II miles from its mouth. It fur- 
 nishes deeper soundings, better shelter, and gener- 
 ally, greater advantages for a harbor, than any oth- 
 er opening on the river. Five miles square of ter- 
 ritory at this place, will be laid out into the neces- 
 
12 
 
 :l 
 
 >. 
 
 sary confignrat/ron and divisions for a seaport town. 
 
 Of the streets,* one, 200 feet wide, will run from 
 the water, in a N. W. direction, bisecting at the 
 distance of six squares, an area of ten acres of 
 parade or pleasure ground, which area is forever to 
 remain open and unoccupied with buildings. The 
 centre of this street, for the width of 100 feet, will 
 be devoted to the purposes of a market. Streets 
 crossing this, at right angles, are intended to be 100 
 feet wide; those parallel to it, 50 feet. The 
 squares are to be 400 feet on a side, each including 
 18 lots, 50 by 100 feet each. From the 100 ft. 
 streets and the public lands, no plant or tree is to 
 be removed or destroyed without consent of the 
 municipal authority. 
 
 The valley of the Multnomah will be occupied 
 for agricultural and manufacturing operations, where 
 likewise, tw o milc^ square will be appropriated for 
 a trading tow n. 'i ids rich tract of territory is situ- 
 ated about eightyfive miles up the Columbia river. 
 In this delightful region will be introduced all the 
 business of science and art. 
 
 The commercial towMi, at the junction of the 
 Multnomah and Columbia rivers, w ill be about two 
 miles square. A section of the land adjoining the 
 towm, will be surveyed into lots, 40 by 160 rods, of 
 40 acres each; making- the number of these divis- 
 ions equal to the whole number of emigrants, over 
 14 years of age, not including married women. — 
 Next to these, will be other lots of 160 acres each, 
 making up the compliment of 200 acres to each emi- 
 grant. Lands for public uses, and to meet the de- 
 mands of the stock, will be included in this last di- 
 vision. Roads, as far as practicable, will be laid out 
 in right lines, intersecting each other at right angles. 
 
 In the Oregon, it is proposed, that all geographi- 
 cal surveys and divisions of farming lands be made 
 by the method, which, two years ago, was suggest- 
 ed to Congress — examined, approved of, and re- 
 
 *Sce Maps, at tlie end of this Pamphlet, 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
re- 
 
 commended by Gen Bernard, then at the head of 
 the corps of Civil Engineers. This method is not 
 publicly known or practiced; but lias many advan- 
 tages over that in common use. It is more easily 
 performed; numerous errors of the compass are 
 avoided; the interests of the land proprietor better 
 promoted, and the wide door for litigation, which 
 often costs him his freehold, effectually closed. 
 
 All boundaries of towns, and lots of land, will be 
 identified with meridian lines, and parallels of lati- 
 tude,— not by the parallels as found on the surtace 
 of the earth, where they are as crooked, as the hills 
 and depressions make them uneven; but by such, 
 as thev would be, provided the surface was smooth. 
 It is confidentlv believed, that this is the only sim- 
 ple method, by\vhich westerly or easterly lines can 
 be run with accuracy, and that it is attended with 
 as much certainty as the high operations of trigono- 
 metrical surveys. . 
 
 It is, however, true, that the divisions ot land, 
 as thev lay south of each other, increase in quanti- 
 ty, in proportion to the divergency of the meridian 
 lines; nevertheless, their boundaries will be distinct- 
 ly marked, and their contents exactly known. A 
 country thus surveyed, gives the advantage ot as- 
 certaining, without admeasurement, the relative po- 
 sition or distance of any one place from another, 
 consequently the latitude and longitude of the me- 
 tropolis being determined, those of any other place 
 are known. 
 
 Civil Government. 
 The Oregon Territory lies beyond the civil jurisdic- 
 tion of the U. S. A. ^It becomes, therefore, a mat- 
 ter of great moment, that the settlers take with Uiem 
 some form of government, provided, either by Con- 
 gress or some other competent body, i^atal to 
 their happiness would it be, for them to go without 
 the means of subjecting the corrupt principles ot c1«- 
 
u 
 
 1 1 
 
 praved natures. L 
 
 est virtues and energies of the peop 
 ry to the encoMrno-pmo.»* „r ..-.l ^ 
 
 :::: yfu:^!:^'^ ^ ^^e high. 
 
 encouragement of virtue, th* 
 
 e, are necessa- 
 
 of vice, lt,e en oyment o- fn' T'k''''' P"'"^h'nent 
 
 spWts of a p n'nl n f. '"'P'"'.'^'^^.'"" "f tl<e restless 
 -ho infest e,'::rp„f„"X:"7'^'l demagogues, 
 at civil commotion nn I .r-^' ""'" '''''-''' "'"'ed 
 been ready to mT t he T Pf'""' ""'^ ''«^« "^-er 
 
 ti.e^re o/t,,eir";t^et JSn^''"' "^ ''='^"" "- 
 
 r [^^irct^renb^^'r" ^-^^^^^^^^ 
 
 gree, an indencndent p7„ ™"^"'"'ing. m some de- 
 of the m„tl,erZ,,,t,-vr"''' •*'','' '^""'"^ »"<' '•■% 
 
 Colon V, planted cheWsheJl'' ""'y ''"■'' '« >«' a 
 depend^ "entirei; o . CWre" ^r!T:] ''■^ '"'' 
 should be the ca'se is Tl.o f r '"" *'"" '»"er 
 
 the present time 'before t^^?" ." ™"™'"''^'' «' 
 talents, virtue and vvl^Iom ""'"' ^^^"""'■■'ge of 
 
 realon'and'tS' dler.te " "V'l"' '*"'•'"■' "'"* 
 they will att'ein;Tto „:';<; fo" tl el""","'^' ''''' '"'' 
 equal lans, under theprovi,!?! 'f'"';'*"''''' i"'^* ""d 
 •nent, so far made allcdZZ^i: ^""^ "' S^^^™- 
 as will be consistent '^ ;,,/"""" '"'^ repfcsentative, 
 of the .sovereig t^^^ recognition 
 
 will be in most reLLs -,1 !''"'■'" ^/P"'"'<=- It 
 ment of Michigan TerrilJ^^vTT'''^ "" °""'™- 
 retary, Treasurer and Bo^rd of I ^.T"'"'' ^''• 
 ei-^, being the anpoin nfem/ J M e' Commission- 
 continue two yea?s nls 'r . ^"^ ^°"fy- I' "i" 
 piration of this time n C°"S'-<^^'*. before the ex- 
 
 ^ Theemig:;:t'r^e;:;^it:et:t'r-r . . 
 
 fathers, „„Her no eircumstanc'::;^f i!::i»:;'- 
 
15 
 
 with no feelings of discontent, resolved still to cul- 
 tivate only the fields of civil and religions freedom 
 where life is made the most easy and felicitous, and 
 civilized man attains his greatest power, and his 
 most dignified superiority over the man in ignorance 
 or in vassalage; still animated by the holy and un- 
 extinguishable fire, kindled with that of iW best 
 lovers of American Independence, they must, thev 
 will continue free. ^ 
 
 Religion. 
 
 The Religion of the Settlement, it is hoped, will 
 be the religion of conscience, and the King of hea- 
 ven. No people can long continue free and happy, 
 without acknowledging, with pions reverence and 
 ob>dience, the laws of Jehovah, giving full tolera- 
 tion to all communities of his consciencious wor- 
 shippers, however various their forms; and feeling 
 due respect for him, who administers at the sacred 
 altar, '' and is accounted a worker together with 
 God, in labors that succeed unto eternal life." 
 
 The settlers will lose none of their religious priv- 
 ileges and comforts. Churches of differe'iit denom- 
 inations will be organized before emigration, who 
 will take with them, respectively, their Pastors. 
 
 There will be given, in Oregon, encouragement 
 for pious and well educated young men, who re- 
 gard the interests of others as their own, to engage 
 in the great work of imparting moral and religious 
 instruction to the Indians. 
 
 Education. 
 
 The education of youth being the safeguard of a 
 free government, and the basis^of its most valuable 
 blessings, becomes of transcendant importance. In 
 order, then, to diflfuse elementary and scientific in- 
 struction, both among the children of the settlers 
 and of the Indian tribes, some efficient and appro- 
 prl'-te system of education will be adopted; and 
 
16 
 
 wlmteA^er will best civilize the manners, reform the 
 morals, enlighten the mind, and free it from the 
 grasp of superstition, will be parts of this system. 
 
 Schools of every grade tvill be opened, as soon 
 as the settlement is cfiected, and temporary build- 
 ings provided. Agricultural and classical institu- 
 tions, and colleges succeeding common and primary 
 schools are deemed practical systems of education. 
 Those will be established; arid in them, red, as 
 well as white children will be taught the rudiments 
 of learning, the sciences, farming industry, and that 
 knowledge of men and things,^ which a't once en- 
 lighten and dignify the mind. Persons of good ed- 
 ucation will find many inducements to emigrate; 
 some ^'apt_;to teach," to share in the business of 
 instruction; others, versed in law and polity and 
 acquainted with the principles of legislation, to sus- 
 tain offices in the administration of government. 
 
 Emigrants. 
 
 The ultimate success of the settlement depends 
 on the virtuous quahties of its members. If its 
 elementary principles are defective, the result of 
 its operations w'\\\ be uncertain, and productive of 
 but little good, if not entirely abortive. The set- 
 tlement ought not, therefore," to be made the re- 
 ceptacle of vicious characters, — or drones too indo- 
 lent to pursue any honest or useful occupation, 
 
 of cunning persons possessing talents without vir- 
 tuous principles,— of idle dreamers of power and 
 riches, who, faithless to good order, are often rea- 
 dy to sap the foundation of morality and religion; 
 these are all a burden and a curse to society. Men 
 of steady habits, virtuous intentions, endeavoring 
 to cultivate practical knowledge and honest indus- 
 try, will be deemed worthy of the enterprise; and 
 such persons may, in Oregon, secure to themselves 
 a pleasant home and competency of good things; 
 subserve individual happiness, and sustain the great 
 objects of founding the settlemen t. Before embark- 
 
 
17 
 
 at ion it will be required of all proposing to emigrate, 
 to satisfy the society by certificates or otherwise, of 
 good moral character and industrious habits. 
 
 Emigrants, who go to the Oregon country in the 
 manner, and under the encouragements annunciat- 
 ed in this pamphlet, each to receive, gratuitously, 
 most of the expenses of emigration and a landed es- 
 tate, valued from $2000 to 10,000 dollars, situated, 
 where the healthfulness of climate, the good mar- 
 ket for every product of earth or of labor, and the 
 enjoyment of a free and liberal government will con- 
 spire to make life easy. 
 
 Poor children, and children of charity institu- 
 tions can be admitted. These, with the means of 
 moderate labor, may find a good living, and an hon- 
 orable retreat from disgrace and suffering. 
 
 Each emigrant, over fourteen years of age, not 
 including married women; and each child that is an 
 orphan, or without a parent in that conntry, will 
 receive a lot of sea-port land, containing 5000 
 square feet, or two farming lots in the valley of the 
 Multnomah, containing respectively, 40 acres and 
 160 acres. These lands, excepting what the Eng- 
 lish settlers have under cultivation, are covered 
 with a heavy grow^th of valuable timber, and will 
 be drawn by settlers, individually, as soon as sur- 
 veyed. 
 
 The Society contemplate opening that country 
 only to enlightened emigrations, and they are actu- 
 ated by no other motives, than those of philanthro- 
 py and patriotism. They own no landed estates 
 in Oregon; and expect no interest thence, that may 
 not be common to any American citizen, who will 
 associate with them. 
 
 It is not their desire to urge the enlistment of 
 any person, however his condition may be improved 
 by it; and far be it from them to deceive in their 
 representations. The enterprise is replete with 
 motives for emigrations. It is desirable, however, 
 3 
 
^ 
 
 \ 
 
 18 
 
 to increase the proportion of tliose cnlistinflf, in 
 •whose cliaracters are combined science, skill and 
 integrity, to sustain offices in the government. 
 
 Enlistments should be made of properly educa- 
 ted persons, to fill the civil, military and literary 
 rolls — of Clergymen and Physician^ — of persons 
 possessing a scientific knowledge of the difl'erent 
 branches of mathematics and natural philosophy, 
 to constitute corps on engineering, surveying, as- 
 tronomy, geology and botany— of farmers — of the 
 following mechanics, viz. master shipbuilders, mill- 
 wrights, wheelwrights, carpenters, blacksmiths, 
 
 shoemakers, tailors, hat- 
 
 tinmen, tanners, curriers, 
 
 ters, &:c. ; of capitalists, taking with them vessels 
 suitable for the lumber trade, and whale and sal- 
 mon fisheries, both of Avhich pursuits are, and for 
 many years will continue, vastly profitable; of cap- 
 italists, who will carry out the iron parts of grist- 
 mills, sawmills, of nail-making machinery, <kc. who 
 will establish a paper mill, a printing press, a manu- 
 factory of window glass, and a foundry of iron ware. 
 Each emigrant, who is entitled to receive gratu- 
 itously, a lot of land, is required to advance a 
 pledge of 20 dollars, that he or she will make the 
 emigration, without disappointment to the society. 
 On payment of the pledge, the following certificate 
 will be given. They may be obtained, together 
 with this pamphlet, of any of the Agents named at 
 the end cf this pamphlet.' 
 
 NO. 
 This Certifies that 
 
 L. s. has J) aid Twenty Dollars to the American 
 Society for encouraging the settlement of 
 the Oregon Territory, as a pledge for the 
 faithful performance of obligations to be 
 stipulated and defined by Covenant be- 
 ttoeen him and the said Society. 
 
 President. 
 Secretary. 
 
 N. B. The following are the principal conditions and stipula- 
 
 <mm 
 
19 
 
 lions of the Coyenont, viz: that the eniifjrant ithall give oat?' or 
 affirmation to obey and support all just and equal la\r^ and regu- 
 lations made end provided for tiio setllement by tho Society, tho 
 same being not repugnant to the Constitution and Laws of the 
 United States of America. 
 
 That all the common and public property -.:id reveuues of 
 the settlement siiall be held liable to tho payment of all debts that 
 may be incurred on account of said settlement; and that, in all 
 other respects, he shall truly arvd faithfully demean himself a 
 peaceable and worthy member ef the Oregon community. 
 
 That the Society shall defray all expenses of the first expe- 
 dition from St, Louis, e.xcepling arms, knapsacks, clothing and 
 blankets, which are to be supplied by the emigrants respectively. 
 
 That tho Society allow to each emigrant, agreeable to the 
 terms of their first Circular, a lot of seaport land, or 200 acres of 
 farming land, provided he or his assigns continues to occupy it, 
 two years from tho time of receiving said lot ; the Society will 
 guarantee his or her right to a free enjoyment of religious and 
 civil freedom, and an equal participation in all the privileges and 
 immunities of a member of the Oregon settlement. 
 
 It is proper, under this head, to notice tlie objec- 
 tions, which unreflecting and self-interested men op- 
 pose to the enterprise. Say they, there are exten- 
 sive tracts of wild lands, this side of the Rocky 
 Mountains. The Indians are hostile and will tom- 
 ahawk the Settlers. Hardships and privations will 
 attend every step of the expedition, and be made 
 the suftering lot of young and old, through the first 
 generation. These objections are futile— they are 
 delusive, and are calculated to perpetuate the wants 
 and hard fortune of many, who might secure to 
 themselves and posterity, permanent blessings, in a 
 healthful and productive country. 
 
 The first objection is answered, under the head 
 of general remarks. Let those occupy the vacant 
 lands of the West, and take remedies for the fever 
 and ague, who will. Let the reflecting and provi- 
 dent man choose the country where something more 
 than fertile soil is found. The means of securing 
 health and ])roperty, and generally, the comforts of 
 life, will determine his choice. 
 
 The other objections are likewise delusive, and 
 arc made, without any knowledge oi^ the mild and 
 
\ 
 
 I 
 
 so 
 
 friendly disposition of the Oregon Indian— of the 
 resources of that country; or of the facihties and 
 case by which tiie expeditions may be eflected. 
 
 The Agent of tiie Society has 'given tliese sub- 
 jects many years of patient investigation, and does 
 not hesitate to avow a greater confidence in the 
 faith and friendship of tiiose red men, than of 
 the white savages, who infest our communities; and 
 he rejoices at the brightening prospects of joining, 
 ■with his tender wife and children, the expedition^ 
 and of settling for life, in the Oregon territory. 
 
 True it is, that direful calamities may attend the 
 march of the emigrants, or the most, awful visitations 
 of Providence await the settlement. Its villages 
 may be rocked into ruins by exploding earthquakes, 
 or buried in lava by flooding volcanos. 
 
 The strong and' massy pillows of the beautiful 
 temple of American liberty may be thrown down, 
 the enfuriated frenzy of a deluded people may here 
 spread the desolations of civil war. Freedom may 
 be exiled, and her few faithful votaries enrolled on 
 bills of mortality. These fearful days may come and 
 have passed away, before the inhabitants of Oregon 
 experience the misfortunes of a bad country, the 
 hand of savage cruelties, or the retributions of an 
 oilended God. 
 
 Indians. 
 
 The first ninety miles of the banks of the Colum- 
 bia river are occupied by eight independent tribes 
 ot Indians, numbering about 8000 souls; these in- 
 clude about 1000 male adults, w )io are truer in the 
 excellence of moral integrity— are more hospitable 
 to strangers and less disposed to quarrel than thoie 
 on the eastern side of the Rocky Mountains. They 
 are fond of the society of white men, and will long 
 continue to appreciate, and promptly to reciprocate 
 honest and fair dealing. Nothing is more remote 
 Irom the intentions of the Society than to oppress 
 
SI 
 
 them, or to occupy thoir lands without niakin^r am- 
 ple and satisliictory remuiiorations. So far from 
 this, It IS desired, that each lu-ad of a family receive 
 a lot ot land. That the Chinnook tribe be located 
 on the back lots, in the sea port town, where thev 
 can be mstructed, and encouraged in cultivating 
 garden grounds, and where schools can be opened 
 lor their children 6cc. 
 
 Route. 
 
 The emigrants will be embodied at St Louis, and 
 under conducto- s be»t acquainted with the country. 
 J hey will lay their route, westerly, to the Great 
 rJatte, up that river to its source; making the 
 transit ot the Mountains through a low depression, 
 probably to the waters of the Multnomah, and 
 down that river to the place of destination. 
 
 Under this head, it is only necessary to add a few 
 remarks from the testimonials of Messrs Smith 
 Jackson and Sublette, and Mr Filcher, given to 
 Congress, last winter. These first gentlemen ob- 
 serve that '-on the 10th of April 1830, a caravan 
 ot ten wagons, drawn by five mules each, and two 
 dearborns, drawn by one mule each, set out from 
 St Louis. We have eighty one men in company, 
 all mounted on mules. Our route was nearly due 
 west to the western limits of the state; and thence 
 along the Santa Fee trail about forty miles; from 
 which the course was some degress north of west, 
 across tlie waters of the Kanzas, and up the Great 
 Platte, to the Rocky Mountains, and to the head of 
 Wind river, where it issues from the mountains. 
 Here the wagons could have easily crossed the 
 mountains, it being what is called the Southern 
 Pass, had it been desirable. For our support, at 
 leaving the Miss..ari settlements, until we should 
 get into the buffalo country, - '^-ove twelve head 
 of cattle, besides a milch a ^ ght of these on- 
 
 ly, being required for use beir. .*^e got to the buf- 
 
 
« 
 
 h 
 
 i 
 
 it2 
 
 faloes, the other<« went on the Pl.itte, about three 
 hundred and lifty iniios from tho white settlements, 
 and from ih.jt tinie Hved on bulVahjes, tlie quantity 
 bein^' iniinitely beyond Av'aat we needed." 
 
 Mr rikher remarks that the most erroneous 
 ideas prevail on the practicabihty of crossing the 
 Rocky Mountains. "I liave been," says he, "fa- 
 miliar with these mountains, for three years, and 
 have crossed them often, and at various points be- 
 tween the latitude 12 and 5 k I havt', therefore, 
 the means to know souiething about them, and a 
 right to oppose my knowledge to the suppositions 
 of strangers. I say, then, that nothing is more 
 easily passed than these mountains. Wagons u\A 
 carriages may cross them in a state of nature with- 
 out diHicnlty, and with little delay in the day's Jour- 
 ney. Some parts are very high; but the gradual 
 rise of the country in the vast slope irom the Mis- 
 sissippi to the foot of the mountains, makes a con- 
 siderable elevation without perceptible incvease, and 
 then the gaps or depressions let you through almost 
 upon a level. This is particularly the case opposite 
 the head of the Platte, where I crossed in 1S27. — 
 I have crossed here often, and always without de- 
 lay or difficulty." 
 
 Having reached the navigable waters of the Co- 
 lumbia, boats will be constructed to complete the 
 emigration, 
 
 EXTEDITION. 
 
 Induced to believe that the Government of the 
 United States, in prospect of thn national benefits 
 -which must, inevitably accrue iwm Uv.'. settlement, 
 will sustain a part or the whr.le of tin. expense of 
 the enterprise, the Society have deferred the de- 
 parture of the expedition till the last of March 
 next; and they await Avith no ordinary solicitude, 
 such measures as the wisdom of Congress may 
 afiopt on their Memorial. The emigrants, resolv- 
 ing to remain citizens, and to engage in no unlawful 
 

 pursuits in Oregon —;;i\iii^' ifri^af value (o i's fiTlili! 
 tracis, and olheruiso proniof infj (ho intercs oftlio 
 Uepublic, liHVO a viglitful tl.iiui on iicr lor rotoc- 
 tion; but it ■will not concern the settier»^, Avhenco 
 comes protection, or the r leans of accomplifsliinc; the 
 ol/jects ot'tiie enterprise, whether from Con^resH or 
 private mnnificence. 
 
 Kmigranls are recpiired lo defray (heir own ex- 
 penses to St. Louis; and after thai, to ])rovi(h' 
 with all necessary arms, knapsacks, blankets, and 
 private carriages. Females and cliildreii must be 
 ])rovi(led, at the time of starting, with covered 
 horse wagons, containing each a bed and two or 
 more blankets. From St, Louis they will be siil)- 
 ject to no other expense than the above named, and 
 in Oregon, will receive gratuitously, a landed es- 
 tate of great value. 
 
 Orders will l)e given in due time ii>r assend)ling 
 in Portland, l^Fe; Portsmoutli, and Concord, N. IL5 
 Boston, Worcester, and Springfield, Mass.; Ben- 
 nington, Vt.; Albany, Bull'alo, Detroit and N. York, 
 N. Y.; Philadelphia, Pa.; Baltimore, Md.; Wash- 
 ington City, ^c. All persons are rcfj'iested to 
 continue their accustomed business till said orders. 
 At these, and other places, com|)auics will be form- 
 ed; Captains being appointed to the command of 
 every fifty male adult persons, the emigration will 
 then commence, by the most practicable routes to 
 the aforesaid place of general rendezvous. It is 
 left optional with the emigrants to choose their own 
 way of going to this place. The cost, from Boston, 
 to an individual grown person, who joins a company 
 vvdl, probably, not exceed fifteen dollars. 
 
 No person has yet been selected to fill any office, 
 in the civil department; nor will any, till after the 
 general orders tor assembling, when elections will 
 be made, entirely on the ground of personal merit. 
 No person will be deemed eligible to an office in the 
 government; or in the military, to a captaincy or a 
 
 li 
 
 
« 
 
 I 
 
 2i 
 
 liighei* rank, wlio has not received a good common 
 edncation, is not proprietor of one or more shares 
 in the slock, and does not give oath or affirmation 
 to support the Constitution of the U. S. and the 
 constituted government of the Oregon settlement. 
 Suitahle and pious chaplains will accompany the 
 expedition. 
 
 The government of the expedition, from St Louis, 
 will be military, deprived however, of much of its 
 asperity and arbitrary discipline, by the i ,ild reform, 
 which virtue, refinement and female presence con- 
 spire to produce. 
 
 At this place the business of orga.uKation will be 
 completed. The covenants, referred to in the cer- 
 tificate will be executed. Baggage wagons loaded 
 with provisions, and tents including fly tents, each 
 of which will be sufficiently large to spread over six 
 small wagons, and camp furniture will be provided. 
 A drove of cattle will be purchased and taken along, 
 for occasional supply. 
 
 No private property, other than wearing apparel, 
 military equipments, and provisions can be admit- 
 ted into the public baggage wagons. Merchandize, 
 machinery, property and effects of any kind can be 
 transported on a reasonable freight, in vessels, 
 which will be provided for this purpose. Notice 
 will be given when and where store houses will be 
 opened for the reception of the above articles. 
 
 Funds. 
 
 Two hundred thousand dollars stock, and certifi- 
 cate money (see p. 18) and all such donations, con- 
 tributions and subscriptions, as benevolent and 
 public spirited individuals may make, will consti- 
 tute the funds of the Society. The following is an 
 extract of a report made by a committee, charged 
 with the subject of devising and reporting the most 
 effectual means of carrying into operation the great 
 purposes of the Society: 
 
 "They have attentively investigated the objects 
 
25 
 
 of the eiiterprize; and among the first results of 
 their enquiry is a clear conviction, that the time is 
 near at hand, and advancing in the ordinary course 
 of Providence, when the Oregon Country shall be 
 occupied by an enlightened people, skilled in the 
 various improvements of science and art. A peo- 
 ple, thus enlightened and skilled, and enjoying the 
 advantages of a climate, soil and markets, as good 
 in their kind, as the earth affords; and other natural 
 means, which mostly contribute to the comfort and 
 conveniences of life — energized and blessed by the 
 mild and vital principles of the American Repub- 
 lic, and the sacred ordinances of the Christian Re- 
 ligion, must be prosperous and happy» 
 
 A settlement, car'"^'ing on a trade and commerce 
 commensurate with the wants of that population 
 
 composm;^ 
 
 the nations on the islands, and on the 
 
 borders of the great Western Ocean; and maintain- 
 ing a friendly intercourse with them, must advance 
 in a degree of prosperity, unexampled in the histo- 
 ry of nations. From the plenitude of its oton re^ 
 sources, it will soon be enabled to sustain its otvn 
 operations, and will hasten on in its own majesty, 
 to a proud rank on the earth. Then will it richly 
 reward the kindness, that helped it into existence. 
 With these views, your Committee Avould suggest 
 the following plan of stock, and means of opera- 
 tions — viz; 
 
 Let a portion of the funds of the society consti- 
 tute a capital stock of Tivo Hundred Thousand 
 Dollars, to be divided into shares of $100 each, 
 and to be raised by loans. Each share entitling the 
 proprietor thereof, to 160 acres of land, as set forth 
 in the certificate of stock, — the lots are to be num- 
 bered and determined according to the rules and 
 plan of division expressed in the By-Laws of the 
 Society. This stock shall be secured on the pledge 
 of all the public and coinmon property and reven- 
 ues of the settlement — the emigrants covenanting 
 
 4 
 
TG 
 
 ■svith the Society before embarkation, that all debts 
 incurred directly or indirectly, for the benefit of the 
 settlement, to the full amount of said stock, shall 
 be paid in the manner aforesaid. 
 
 Your Committee would also suggest the propri- 
 ety of raising funds by donations and subscriptions, 
 to meet specific purposes in the Oregon Country. 
 Let one be called the Education or Indian Fundi 
 and another called the Religious Fund. 
 
 [Form of caption to the above Funds.] 
 
 THE RELIGIOUS FUND. 
 
 Voted — By the American Society for encourag- 
 ing the settlement of the Oregon Territory, that all 
 monies or property given to the Religious Fund, 
 shall be held in trust by the Society, and for such 
 specific objects, as shall meet the views or inten- 
 tions of the donors or subscribers — to be delivered 
 to any person or persons, whom a majority of the 
 emigrants of their religious order may select. 
 
 THE EDUCATION AND INDIAN FUND. 
 
 Voted — By the American Society for encourag- 
 ing the settlement of the Oregon Territory, to so- 
 licit from munificent individuals of the public, funds 
 for the purposes of building school houses, and ed- 
 ucating Indian children, in the Oregon Settlement.' 
 
 It is believed that little or no stock in the Amer- 
 ican market, is based on better security 5 and none, 
 that oifers to capitalists an opportunity for more 
 profitable investments. Its par value cannot be 
 depreciated by the contingency of ill success of the 
 enterprise; for, in that possible event, every dollar 
 of the stock will bo refunded, the same being on 
 hand either in money, or in public property. There 
 are, at present, no salaries paid toits ollicers by 
 
21 
 
 the Society, and but few expenses occurring t con- 
 sume any part of its funds; nor will they occur in 
 any considerable amount till the commencement of 
 the expedition^ which will remove the possibility of 
 a failure. It will be noticed, that each emigrant, 
 at the time of or before leaving St Louis will, per- 
 sonally, enter into a special covenant with the So- 
 ciety, making liable for the payment of this stock 
 all common property and revenues of the settle- 
 ment; and it will be further noticed that the pro- 
 prietor of each share may take, in lieu of the mon- 
 ey covering the principal and interest of the share, 
 160 acres of land, valued from 500 to 5000 dollars 
 per lot— subject to no taxes till the cxpir aion of 
 live years— land which may be owned bv any citi- 
 zen of the United States, resident in any country, 
 and may be sold or occupied by his children at a fu- 
 ture period, when possibly, the same shall be situ- 
 ated in the midst of a dense population. It is de- 
 sirable that emigrants, as far as they have the 
 means, should be the owners of stock. 
 
 To Editors of •/M'etvspapers, 
 
 As the enterprise set forth in this pamphlet tends, in a great de- 
 gree, to promote individual happiness and the common interests 
 and prosperity of our country, it is believed, that every patriotic 
 Editor of a public Journal, will cooperate with the Society by 
 giving publicity to these pages. It is requested, as a favor, that 
 they should either publish the pamphlet in articles, if they please, 
 or refer the public to the places, where it may be obtained. 
 
 The Manual is sold to meet the expence of printing it; and 
 any person, who receiving it, and having the means to contribute to 
 the great and benevolent enterprise, transmits to the Treasurer or 
 General Agent of the Society one or more dollars, or any article 
 of useful property, will have his name recorded in the catalogue 
 of patrons, and his memory embalmed in the grateful remem- 
 brance of posterity. 
 
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 TiifS Maniihl may b& had at the following places. 
 
 HORATIO HILL, & Co. Concord, N. 11. 
 
 R. P. & C. WILLI A ^IS, No 19 & 20 Cornhill, Boston, 
 
 WM. W. WIIEILDON, Aurora Office, Cliailestovvn, Mass. 
 
 DORR &. IIOWLAND, Worcester, Mass. 
 
 SAMUEL BILLINGS, Lowell, do. 
 
 CALLENDER «fc KIRKMAM, Springfield, do. 
 
 R. ELWELL, No 80 Wall Street, New York City. 
 
 D. SIM ITU, Detroit, N. Y. 
 
 GARY & HART, Chesnut Street, Philadelphia, Penn. 
 
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 J. RIORDAN, Washington City, D. C. 
 
 Price 12 1-2 cents each; $1 for 10 copies. Orders through 
 the mail, if postage is paid, will he promptly answered. 
 
 At either of the above piaces, a geographical description of the 
 Oregon Territory may be had in a pamphlet of 80 pages, price 
 33 cents. 
 
 SCALE. 
 
 400 rods to 1 inch. 
 
 LOTS OF LAND. 
 
 40 Acres, 40 by 160 rods. 
 160 Acres, 80 by 320 rods 
 
 
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 ■-t— * V> ? '^ M f a 
 
MAWUALi 
 
 OF THE 
 
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 OBEaOXr BZPBDITION. 
 
 PRICE 12 1-2 CENTS. 
 
 53 
 
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 AGENTS 
 
 Of lohom Certificates may be obtained. 
 
 S. COLEMAN, Portland, Me. 
 
 J. SHAW, P. M. Northport, Me. 
 
 G. C. WORTH, Burlington, Vt. 
 
 J. McNAB, M. D. Baruet, Vt. 
 
 H. BREWSTER, Ed. State Herald, Portsmouth, N. H. 
 
 J. NYE, P. M. Claremont, do. 
 
 J. W. RAND, New Hampton, do. 
 
 H. J. KELLEY, Gen. Agent, Boston, Mass. 
 
 W W. WHEILDON, Ed. Bunker Hill Aurora, Charlestown. do. 
 
 WM. YOUNG, Taunton, do. 
 
 N. WYETH, Cambridge, do. 
 
 CALI.ENDER and KIRKH AM, Springfield, do. 
 
 DORR and HOWLAND, Worcester, do. 
 
 Providence, R. I. 
 LEWIS G. CLARK, Ed. Conn. Mirror, Hartford, Conn. 
 Rev E CUSHHMAN, New Haven, do. 
 Rev B T. WELCH. Albany, N. Y. 
 A. McCALL, Lansingbiirgli, do. 
 A. PALMER. Ed. Schenectady Whig, do. 
 E W. COLLINS, Rochester, do. 
 J. WHITE. P M. Hurditt, do. 
 
 A. WARREN, Lyons, do. 
 
 R. EL WELL, No 80, Wall street, New York City, 
 W. C. JONES, Columbus, Oi)io 
 N. G M. SENTER, Drtylon, do. 
 
 B. WILLIS, Hillsboro, Illinois. 
 L. DUNLAP, Indianapolis. la. 
 
 C. D. SMITH, Detroit, Michigan Territory. 
 D R BURBANK, Henderson, Ky. 
 
 T. J. BRADFORD, Ed Ky. Gazette, do. 
 
 GEO. ROHTLE, Newark, N J. 
 
 Rev J R. DODGE. No. 80, Vme street. Philadelphia City. 
 
 J. JEWETT, No 229, Market street, Baltimore City. 
 
 J RIORDAN, Washinton City, D. C. 
 
 C. C. DUNN, M D Abington.Va. 
 
 R. B. SENEECUM, Somerville, Tenn. 
 
 ASA HARTFIELD, Augusta, Miss. 
 
 J. M. BRADFORD, St. Francisville, La. 
 
ed. 
 
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